Biodiversity, biogeography
and
nature conservation
in WALLACEA and NEW GUINEA
TbeEntomstogkal Society oftatvia
KgdjOtZ-
Blank Page Digitally Inserted
Biodiversity, Biogeography
and Nature Conservation
in WALLACEA and NEW GUINEA
Volume III
Dmitry Telnov (executive editor),
Maxwell V.L. Barclay & Olivier S.G. Pauwels
2017
THIS VOLUME TO BE CITED AS FOLLOWS:
Telnov D., Barclay M.V.L. & Pauwels O.S.G. (eds) 2017. Biodiversity, biogeography and nature conser¬
vation in Waiiacea and New Guinea. Volume III. The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga: 658 pp, 172
pis.
SEPARATE ARTICLES TO BE CITED AS FOLLOWS:
Shea G.M. 2017. The identity of Lygosoma (Hlnulla) mlsolense Vogt, 1928 (Squamata: Scincidae): 21-25,
pi. 1. In: Telnov D., Barclay M.V.L. & Pauwels O.S.G. (eds) Biodiversity, biogeography and nature conserva¬
tion in Waiiacea and New Guinea. Volume III. The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga: 658 pp, 172 pis.
ISBN of the volume III: 978-9984-9768-8-4
ISSN of the series: 2255-9728
httD://zoobank.org/2721B907-9F32-426B-A0B5-A5E4C34908A5
PUBLISHER:
The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga
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EDITORIAL BOARD:
DMITRY TELNOV (executive editor, the Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga), MAXWELL V.L. BARCLAY
(Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, London) and OLIVIER S.G. PAUWELS (Depart¬
ment of Recent Vertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels)
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DISCLAIMER:
The views and opinions expressed by the authors in this volume do not necessarily represent or reflect
those of the editors or copyright owners. While each article or chapter is believed to contain accurate in¬
formation, neither the editors nor copyright owners offer any warranty, expressed or implied, or assume
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Title page photo: Mount Mutis in West Timor (photo: L. Wagner, 2016; published with permission)
on a background of traditional wood carving by Lake Sentani Papuans.
This volume is dedicated to all the environmentalists,
rangers and scientists who selflessly lost their lives
in safeguarding our future, and increasing humanity’s
knowledge of the biodiversity of our planet
photo: D. Telnov, 2012
Contents
Foreword: . 6
Editorial . 7
Acknowledgements . 8
SECTION ONE: BOTANY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
POCS, Tamas & WEI, Yu-Mei: Bryophytes from the Fiji Islands, VIII. The genus Lejeunea Libert (1820)
(Jungermanniopsida) . 9
SECTION TWO: VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
SFIEA, Glenn M.: The identity of Lygosoma (HInulla) misolense Vogt, 1928 (Squamata: Scincidae) . 21
SFIEA, Glenn M.: Generic allocation of the enigmatic scincid lizard Lygosoma Inconspicuum F. Muller, 1895
(Squamata: Scincidae) from Sulawesi . 27
SFIEA, Glenn M.: A new species oi Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Doberai Peninsula of New Guinea,
with a redescription oi Sphenomorphus consobrinus (Peters et Doria, 1878) . 35
SECTION THREE: INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
BORDONI, Arnaldo: Xantholinini of the Australasian Region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), X. New species
and new records from New Guinea and Australia . 49
CFIEROT, Frederic, GORCZYCA, Jacek, SCFIWARTZ, Michael D. & DEMOL, Thierry: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae,
Deraeocorinae and Mirinae (Insecta: Fleteroptera: Miridae) from Baiteta Forest, Papua New Guinea, with
a discussion of their feeding habits and a list of species of the country . 55
GAVRILOV-ZIMIN, Ilya A.: Taxonomic and faunistic notes on scale insects (Flomoptera: Coccinea) of Bali, Flores
and New Guinea (Indonesia) . 137
GREKE, Kristine: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) from Wallacea
and the Papuan Region . 151
FIAVA, Jirf: Contribution to the knowledge of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) from the Maluku Islands (Indonesia), part 2.
Description of four new species of Orphinus Motschulsky, 1858 . 317
JACQUOT, Philippe: Revision of the genus Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Strongylurini),
with description of a new genus and fourteen new species . 323
KALASFIIAN, Mark Yu.: A new subgenus and three new species of Endelus Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
from Indonesia and the Philippines, with a review of the Endelus baker! Kerremans, 1914 species group . 349
KALNINS, Martins: Arglolestes spungisl sp. nov. (Odonata: Argiolestidae) from New Guinea . 357
KAZANTSEV, Sergey V. & TELNOV, Dmitry: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
from West Papua . 363
KAZANTSEV, Sergey V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae) . 371
KIREJTSFIUK, Alexander: New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from
Indonesian New Guinea and taxonomic notes . 403
LOBL, Ivan & OGAWA, Ryo: A new species oi Scaphlsoma Leach, 1815 from New Guinea and a new replacement
name (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae) . 415
MEDVEDEV, Lev N.: New leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from New Guinea . 419
PARK, Kyu-Tek: Checklist of the family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in New Guinea, with
description of two new species . 427
ROCS, Peter: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi . 435
TELNOV, Dmitry: Ne\N Australobolbus FI. Flowden et J. Cooper, 1977 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae),
with a key to Papuan species . 459
TELNOV, Dmitry: Papuan Charlochllus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), with description of
C. tamarau sp. nov . 463
TELNOV, Dmitry: New records and new species of Macratriinae from the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2 ...
. 467
TFIEISCFIINGER, Gunther & RICFIARDS, Stephen J.: Insular odonates in Melanesia: a new species of damselfly
from Manus Island, Papua New Guinea (Zygoptera: Platystictidae) and comments on Nososticta manuscola
Theischinger et Richards . 495
THOMPSON, Christian F., MENGUAL, Ximo, YOUNG, Andrew D. & SKEVINGTON, Jeffrey H.: Flower flies (Diptera:
Syrphidae) of Philippines, Solomon Islands, Wallacea and New Guinea . 501
TUMBRINCK, Josef & SKEJO, Josip: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophlotettlx
Walker, 1871 (Tetrigidae: Metrodorinae: Ophiotettigini trib. nov.), with the descriptions of 33 new species . 525
VITALI, Francesco: Taxonomic notes on Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841) and Acalolepta vastator (Newman, 1847)
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) . 581
de VOS, Rob: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus, eight
new species and one new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) . 587
WEIGEL, Andreas & SKALE, Andre: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of Apomecynini of the Oriental and
Australian Region (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), part 7 . 613
ZILLI , Alberto, BROU, Vernon A., KLEM, Crystal & ZASPEL, Jennifer: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian
Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Calpinae) . 631
Index to new taxa described in this volume . 656
5
Foreword
George W. Beccaloni
Director of the A.R. Wallace Correspondence Project, London, United Kingdom; g.beccaloni@gmail.com
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) made an immense contribution to our understanding of the biodi¬
versity and biogeography of Wallacea, New Guinea and indeed the rest of the World. Not only did he indepen¬
dently discover the process of evolution by natural selection, publishing the idea together with Charles Darwin
in 1858, but he is regarded as the founding father of evolutionary biogeography thanks to his many seminal
publications on the subject, including his books The Geographical Distribution of Animals and Island Life.
Wallace also made a huge contribution towards documenting the animal fauna of what he called The
Malay Archipelago (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and East Timor). He spent nearly 8 years in the region
from 1854 to 1862, collecting specimens of insects, birds and other animals for his private collection, selling
the “duplicates” to collectors and museums in order to fund his trip. Wallace collected specimens from Pen¬
insular Malaysia across to New Guinea, visiting every important island in the archipelago at least once, and
clocking-up about 14000 miles of travel. During his trip he collected an astonishing total of nearly 126000
animal specimens: about 110000 insects, 7500 shells, 8050 bird skins, and 410 mammals and reptiles. They
ranged from Orangutans to Birds of Paradise, from land snails to cockroaches, from Birdwing butterflies to tiny
parasitic wasps. Remarkably, most of them arrived in England in good condition, an impressive achievement
considering the difficult conditions under which he was working, and the complex logistics of shipping fragile
specimens back from the remote wild corners of the Malay Archipelago.
Wallace kept about 18% of the specimens that he and his assistants collected, which by the end of his trip
amounted to 3000 bird skins of about a 1000 species, at least 20000 beetles and butterflies of about 7000
species, plus some vertebrates and land-shells. When he returned to England he used these to gain insights
into evolutionary and biogeographic processes, and published 21 scientific articles in which he described
295 new species: 120 butterflies, 70 beetles and 105 birds. At least 4700 other species were described in
about 350 additional publications by leading amateur and professional naturalists based on specimens from
Wallace’s private collection and the duplicates his agent Samuel Stevens had sold. About 250 of these were
named after him, usually as wallacii or wallacei.
Wallace’s best known zoological discoveries from the region are perhaps Rajah Brooke’s Birdwing But¬
terfly (Trogonoptera brookiana) from Borneo, Wallace’s Golden Birdwing Butterfly (Ornithoptera croesus) from
Bacan Island, Indonesia and Wallace’s Standard-Wing Bird of Paradise {Semioptera wallacei) from the same
island. He also discovered the world’s first gliding frog (Wallace’s Flying Frog, Rhacophorus nigropalmatus) in
Borneo, and the world’s largest bee (Wallace’s Giant Bee, Chalicodoma pluto), on Bacan Island. He collected
a total of 212 new bird species (naming about half of them himself), so given that around 10000 bird species
are known, this means that he was responsible for discovering 2% of the entire World bird fauna. Not only that,
but he was the first Westerner to observe and document the spectacular mating displays (leks) of male Birds
of Paradise, and he was probably the first European to eat one (he frequently ate birds after skinning them
because he was often short of food).
The bulk of the specimens which Wallace collected are now in the collections of London’s Natural History
Museum and the Oxford University Museum, although many other museums in the U.K., Europe, the U.S.A. and
Australia also have Wallace material.
This book, the third in the series, continues the monumental task of documenting and naming the organ¬
isms found in New Guinea and adjacent regions. Wallace would have thoroughly approved of this endeavour.
As he wrote in his 1863 paper “On the physical geography of the Malay Archipelago”: “It is for such inquiries
that the modern naturalist collects his materials; it is for this that he still wants to add to the apparently
boundless treasures of our national museums, and will never rest satisfied as long as the native country, the
geographical distribution, and the amount of variation of any living thing remains imperfectly known. He looks
upon every species of animal and plant now living as the individual letters which go to make up one of the
volumes of our earth’s history; and, as a few lost letters may make a sentence unintelligible, so the extinction
of numerous forms of life which the progress of cultivation invariably entails will necessarily obscure this invalu¬
able record of the past”.
6
Editorial
The Wallacea island group has always fascinated biologists, naturalists and travelers. Its complicate geo¬
logical history and the immense variety of its landscapes make of it an incredibly rich area in terms of biodi¬
versity, with an impressive proportion of endemics. However, it remains poorly studied to date, and it is still an
El Dorado for biologists in search of new species discoveries, and a fantastic laboratory to study evolutionary
processes and insularity.
Studying this amazing biodiversity and how it evolved and lives does not only serve intellectual curiosity
and scientific purposes. Like most tropical forests, those of Wallacea are increasingly threatened by human
developments, and, as natural habitats degradation progresses, conservation measures are becoming urgent
in a number of places and for more and more species. Explaining why these tropical forests and other biotopes
should be preserved requires to know in the first place what species depend on them for their survival.
Similarly to the first two volumes of the series “Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in
Wallacea and New Guinea”, the present one demonstrates how incredibly diverse and underestimated the bio¬
diversity of this archipelago is. Thanks to the hard work of Dmitry Telnov who dedicates a large part of his time
- and personal resources - to this series, this new, third volume sees the day. It is a compilation of the efforts
of numerous biologists from a large variety of countries, each of them possessing unique scientific skills, but
all sharing a deep passion and respect for the natural wonders of our Planet. Their work reveals here numer¬
ous newtaxa, belonging to biological groups as varied as bryophytes, snails, damselflies, pygmy grasshoppers,
net-winged beetles, skinks, etc.
Many of them are relatively small, and wouldn’t be noticed in the field by non-experts, but, as Dmitry likes
to say, “The most beautiful things on Earth are not things”: they are live beings, large or small. And each of
them, to the most apparently insignificant by its size, is an opportunity of wonder, of hope and of surprise, and
a good reason to peacefully battle to preserve the environment in which they live in order to ensure their future
and ours.
Olivier S.G. Pauwels
Curator (Recent Vertebrates Collections)
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
Brussels, Belgium; opauwels@naturalsciences.be
Beetles collected in
the Malay Archipelago
by A.R. Wallace. This
drawer is from his pri¬
vate insect collection,
now in London’s Natural
History Museum (photo
© Natural History Mu¬
seum, London).
yf^Tj
7
Acknowledgements
Like the previous volumes, this new work took more than two years to compile and produce, and was
brought to fruition through the support of numerous generous people - our family members, friends
and colleagues. We would express our deep gratitude to them as well as their institutions!
Members and Board of the Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga (http://leb.daba.lv: https://facebook.
com/LatviiasEntomologiiasBiedriba)
George W. BECCALONI, Dr. and D/rector of the Wallace Correspondence Project, London, United Kingdom
Matthias HARTMANN, M.Sc. and D/rector of the Natural History Museum, Erfurt, Germany
Christoph NEUMANN, Dr. (Freiburg, Germany)
Andrey SHKARUPIN, M.Sc. (Riga, Latvia) - altruistic supporter of biodiversity research in Papua
Laszio WAGNER (Budapest, Hungary) (http://east-indonesia.info)
The family Telnov - Kristine GREKE, M.Sc., Edwin TELNOV and Alisa TELNOVA (Dzidrinas, Latvia) - for their
support and understanding
All the friendly (and not very friendly) and welcoming people of the Moluccas, Raja Ampat, New Guinea
and Sulawesi who shared their amazing islands, cultures, even homes with us, and provided all other
assistance during our frequent visits
All the other persons, including all the authors, who friendly contributed to this volume
All papers are peer reviewed, so we take this opportunity to thank aii our competent anonymous
referees and consuitants!
Those referees who decided not to remain anonymous are acknowiedged in person: Gottfried BE-
HOUNEK (Grafing, Germany), Diego L. CARPINTERO (Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Museum,
Buenos Aires, Argentina), Alan Charles CASSIDY (Maidenhead, United Kingdom), Norbert DELAHAYE
(Plaisir, France), Dirk GASSMANN (Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany),
L. Lee GRISMER (La Sierra University, Riverside, U.S.A.), Eric JIROUX (Paris, France), Vincent J. KALK-
MAN (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands), John F. LAWRENCE (CSIRO, Canberra,
Australia), Darren J. MANN (Oxford University Museum of Natural History, United Kingdom), Daniele
MATILE-FERRERO (Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France), Aurelien MIRALLES (Centre
d’Ecologie fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Montpellier, France), Guillaume de ROUGEMONT (Oxford Univer¬
sity Museum of Natural History, United Kingdom), Wolfgang SPEIDEL (The Bavarian State Collection
of Zoology, Munich, Germany), Ming Kai TAN (Department of Biological Sciences, National University
of Singapore), Gunther THEISCHINGER (Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water,
New South Wales, Sydney, Australia), Francesco VITALI (National Museum of Natural History, Luxem¬
bourg), Gillian W. WATSON (California Department of Food and Agriculture, U.S.A.), Luc WILLEMSE
(Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands), Alberto ZILLI (The Natural History Museum,
London, United Kingdom).
8
Poes, T. & Wei, Y-M.: Bryophytes from the Fiji Islands, VIII. The genus Lejeunea Libert (1820) ...
Bryophytes from the Fiji isiands, Viii.
The genus Lejeunea Libert (1820) (Jungermanniopsida)
Tamas Poes Yu-Mei Wei ^
1 - Departnnent of Botany, Institute of Biology, Eszterhazy Karoly University, Pf 43, H-3301, Eger, Hungary;
e-mail: colura@upcmail.hu
2 - Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 541006, Guilin, Guangxi, China; e-mail: wushuang-123@163.com
Abstract: Research done on Fiji Islands during this century contributed a lot to the knowledge of its rich bryoflora. At
present 27 species, one subspecies and one variety ofthe genus Lejeunea Libert (1820) are known from the islands.
Lejeunea compacta (Stephani) Stephani (1915), L eifrigii Mizutani (1970), L exilis var. abnormis (Herzog) G.E. Lee
(2013), L flava ssp. moorei (Lindberg.) R.M. Schuster (1957), L neelgherriana Gottsche (1845), L papilionacea
PrantI (1892), L pulchriflora (Pearson) G.E. Lee et al. (2016), L reinerae Ilkiu-Borges (2005), and L tuberculosa
Stephani (1915) are newly reported from Fiji and two species new to science are to be described. Critical species
are discussed and illustrated. The distribution pattern of all species is analyzed.
Keywords: Lejeunea, Fiji, Melanesia, Pacific, Polynesia.
Introduction
The first Lejeunea Libert, 1820 record published
from Fiji Islands was Lejeunea sinclairii Mitten from
the collection of Seemann made in 1860 (Mitten
1862), which proved to be Thysananthus fruticosus
(Lindenberg, Gottsche) Schiffner 1893 (Sukkharak
2015). Seemann’s “Flora Vitiensis” (1865-1873)
contains the description of further three Lejeunea
species described by Mitten: Lejeunea crassiretis
Mitten (1871), L. uvifera Mitten (1871) - now L.
flava (Swartz) Nees (1838) and L. procumbens
Mitten (1871) (Soderstrom et al. 2011). The next
major contribution came much later, by Campbell
(1971) who added L. gracilipes (Taylor) Spruce,
1884; L. nietneri (Stephani) Mizutani, 1973 (syn. of
Lejeunea flavida Mitten, 1861) and L. subigiensis
(Stephani) Stephani (1896). A breakthrough was
the revision of the South Pacific Lejeunea species
by Hurlimann (1993), who summarized the previous
records and added his own collection and a key
to the species known from the area. He recorded
already 12 Lejeunea species from Fiji Islands, of
which three were since transferred to other genera
and one proved to be synonym. He introduced a new
name: Lejeunea mimula Hurlimann (1993) for the
illegitimate Lejeunea luteola (Stephani) Mizutani
(1970) and tried to clarify the position of Lejeunea
patersonii (Stephani) Stephani, 1915.
During 2003 Tamas Poes with his wife Sarolta
Poes made a throughout collection in the islands.
Then in 2008 and 2011 the Field Museum (Chicago,
U.S.A.) organized intensive field trips with several
participants in cooperation with the South Pacific
Regional Herbarium, University of the South Pacific
(see von Konrat et al 2011; Poes et al. 2011), which
resulted in five more Lejeunea species new to the
islands and finally two species to be described as
new to science. In the present paper we add seven
further Lejeunea species and a variety, raising the
number of Lejeunea taxa known from the flora of
Fiji Islands to 27 species, one subspecies and two
varieties, using the nomenclature of Soderstrom et
al. (2016).
Materials and methods
In case of already published records in the
summaries by Hurlimann (1993), Soderstrom et al.
(2011), and Poes et al. (2011) we only refer to the
concerned sources and give detailed data only for
the new island records. We enumerate synonyms
only in exceptional cases and we refer to the full
synonymy given in Zhu & So (2001), Soderstrom et
al. (2011), and Lee (2013).
'V
9
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Abbreviations used in the text:
FIJ - Fiji Islands without allocation to an island;
Ka - Kadavu;
Ov - Ovalau;
Ta - Taveuni;
Va - Vanua Levu;
VL - Viti Levu Island.
EGR - Herbariunn of the Eszterhazy Karoly University,
Eger, Hungary;
F -Herbariunn of the Field Museunn, Chicago, USA;
HSNU - Herbariunn of the East China Normal University,
Shanghai, China;
SPRH - South Pacific Regional Herbarium, Suwa, Fiji.
Enumeration of the taxa of genus Lejeunea Libert
(1820) known from Fiji Islands
Lejeunea alata Gottsche, 1845
References: Soderstronn et al. (2011: 419); Poes
etal. (2011: 468), VL
New records: New to Ka: on the upper SW slopes
of Mt. Delainabukalevu (Mt. Washington).
Epiphyllous in elfin forest below sunnnnit, at 700-
800 nn. E.A. Brown & M. von Konrat 1178/E, J, M
and N. Altogether 14 records.
Illustrations: Zhu & So (2001: 138, fig. 53); Lee
(2013: 395, figs 37-51).
Distribution: Palaeotropic species distributed
fronn East Africa to Sannoa (Miller et al. 1983;
Wigginton 2009).
Lejeunea anisophylla Montagne, 1843
References: Soderstronn et al. (2011: 419); Poes
etal. (2011: 468).
It is far the connnnonest species all over the islands,
occurring on different substrates, having already
97 records. It is the connnnonest on lowland and
low montane areas in an altitudinal range from sea
level to 600 m, the highest record came from 750
m.
Illustrations: Zhu & So (2001: 157, fig. 62); Lee
(2013: 400, figs 68-82).
Distribution: A widespread Palaeotropical
species distributed all over tropical Africa, Asia,
Australia and in the Pacific.
Lejeunea apiculata Sande Lacoste, 1855
References: Soderstrom et al. (2011: 419); Poes
et al. (2011: 469), VL. Epiphyllous, at 1000 m.
Illustrations: Zhu & So (2001: 165, fig. 64), as
Stenolejeunea apiculata; Lee (2013: 404, figs 83-
100).
Distribution: Tropical Asia, Australia and in the
Pacific.
Lejeunea caviloba (Stephani) Stephani in
Bescherelle, 1898 (Figs 1-2)
References: Hurlimann (1993: 7); Soderstrom
et al. (2011: 419), VL. New to Ta: Wainibau Valley
on the SE coast, below the waterfalls, at 10 m,
epiphyllous. S.& T. Poes 03286/AU. Altogether five
records, from 1-430 m alt.
Distribution: A mostly Pacific species (from New
Caledonia to Hawaii) with occurrence also on Java
(Miller etal. 1983).
Lejeunea cocoes Mitten, 1861
References: Soderstrom et al. (2011: 419); Poes
etal. (2011: 469),Ta,VL.
New records: Newto Ka: Central partofthe island,
on the coastal ridge N of Vunisea, corticolous in dry
evergreen Gymnostoma vitiense (Casuarinaceae)
forest. S. & T. Poes 03303/Z; S coast E of Vunisea,
in coastal Barringtonia forest, 1-4 m, on bark. S. &
T. Poes 03308/D; 2-3 km NNE of Vunisea, along
the Namara Road, on decaying wood in lowland
rainforest at 120-165 m S. & T. Poes 03300/G.
SW end of the island, SE of Nabukalevu-ira village,
coastal woodland of Barringtonia asiatica and
Hibiscus tiliaceus Just above the tidal level, on
coconut base. T. Poes & S. Bakata 1173/L. Same
place, higher up on the slope, in Barringtonia edulis
forest, 10-100 m, on bark. T. Poes & S. Bakata 1174/
AM, AO and AW. Altogether 20 records, mostly from
coastal forests or coconut woodlands at 1-100 m
alt, some up to 800 m.
Illustrations: Mizutani (1963: 177, figs. 10-18);
So & Zhu (1998: 138, fig. 1); Lee (2013: 406, figs
101-116).
Distribution: Indomalesian-Pacific species with
scattered occurrences from Chagos Archipelago to
Fiji.
Lejeunea compacta (Stephani) Stephani, 1915
New records: New to Fiji Islands: Ka, Mt.
Delainabukalevu (Mt. Washington), NW edge of
summit crater. In cyclone damaged Metrosideros
forest at 800 m alt., on Metrosideros bark, sterile.
M.A.M. Renner 5771 (EGR, F and NSW 895648).
Although only male plants were seen, the male
branch agrees well with the description of Mizutani
(1961).
Illustrations: Mizutani (1961: 158, figsl6-24);
Lee (2013: 409: figs. 117-134).
Distribution: Hitherto known only from Japan,
Korea and from Sabah, East Malaysia (Lee 2013).
10
Poes, T. & Wei, Y-M.: Bryophytes from the Fiji Islands, VIII. The genus Lejeunea Libert (1820) ...
Lejeunea crassiretis Mitten, 1873
References: Mitten in Seennann (1873: 414);
Thiers (1983), FIJ; Soderstronn et al. (2011: 419).
Cannpbell (1971: 14) supplied seven records fronn
VL: at altitudes between sea level and 825 nn.
We did not conne across or did not recognize
this species in our collections. It seenns to be an
endennic of Fiji Islands.
Lejeunea discreta Lindenberg in Gottsche et ai.,
1845 (Figs 3-4)
References: Hurlimann (1993: 10), VL;
Soderstronn et al. (2011: 419); Poes et al. (2011:
478), Ta.
0 SE 03-Mar-15
1
□ □□□□Qooaafl
035406 WD15,lmm 22,0kV x70 500um
Figures 1-6. Fijian Lejeunea species. 1-2: Lejeunea caviloba (Steph.) Steph. from Poes 03286/ALI: 1 - Ventral view;
2 - Cuticle ornamentation; 3-4: Lejeunea discreta Lindenb. from Sass-Gyarmati 1177/D: 3 - Ventral view; 4 - peri¬
anths; 5-6: Lejeunea mimula Flurlimann from von Konrat 1179/C: 5 - Ventral view; 6 - Cuticle ornamentation.
11
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
New records: New to Ka: SW slopes of Mt.
Delainabukalevu (Mt. Washington), cloud forest at
550-650 nn, on bark. A. Sass-Gyarnnati 1177/D, L.
Soderstronn 2011/189. Altogether 12 records fronn
80 to 1265 nn alt.
Illustrations: Mizutani (1970: 237, fig. VII); Zhu &
So (2001: 145, fig. 56); Lee (2013: 418, figs 180-
191).
Distribution: A widespread Indonnalesian-Pacific
species occurring also in Australia.
Lejeunea eifrigii Mizutani, 1970
New records: New to Fiji Islands: Ta, NE slope
of Des Voeux (Devo) Peak, in nnossy elfin forest at
1040-1150 nn, on other epiphytic bryophytes. S. &
T. Poes 03279/CK.
Illustrations: Zhu & So (2001: 133, fig. 51); Lee
(2013: figs 192-204).
Distribution: A widespread tropical Asian species
known fronn Java, Sunnatra, Sabah, Luzon, Papua
New Guinea, New Caledonia, China, Japan, India,
(Poes 1995; Zhu & So 2001; Dey et al. 2007).
Lejeunea exilis (Reinwardt, Biume, Nees) Groiie,
1979 var. exilis
New records: New to Tonga Islands: on the
volcanic island Tafahi, on bark of planted Artocarpus
incisa tree along a forest road near Tafahi village, at
120 nn alt. H. Hurlinnann T 890 (Herb. Hurlinnann).
References: Soderstronn et al. (2011: 419); Poes
et al (2011: 469), Ta, VL. New to Ka: Coastal ridge
N of Vunisea, 40-80 nn, on decaying bark in dry
evergreen Gymnostoma vitiense (Casuarinaceae)
forest. S. & T. Poes 03303/H. Altogether 10 records
fronn sea level to 1100 nn alt.
Illustrations: Zhu & Grolle (2003: 103-104, figs
1-2); Lee (2013: 424, figs 205-224).
Distribution: It isan often overlooked, widespread
Indonnalesian-Australasian-Pacific species.
Lejeunea exilis var. abnormis (Herzog) G.E. Lee,
2013
= Byssolejeunea abnormis Herzog, 1941
New records: New to Fiji Islands: Ta, along the
road fronn Wairiki to Des Voeux Peak, at 715-750
nn in nnontane rainforest, epiphyllous. S. & T. Poes
03289/BY. SW part of the island, on foothills
between Salialevu and Naqarawalu villages, in
degraded rainforest at 100-200 nn alt., on branches.
S. & T. Poes 03296/F p.p. VL: Coral Coast near
Nabukawesi village in prinnary lowland rainforest
at 30-60 nn. S. & T. Poes 03261/BY. Rairainnatuku
Plateau 10 knn SSE of Navai, epiphyllous and on the
dead pseudostenn of Alpinia boia (Zingiberaceae),
990-1010 nn in nnossy elfin forest. S. & T. Poes
03274/AN and BQ. E spur of Delaitoga ridge along
the Nabukavesi-Nannosi road in cloud forest at 430
nn. On Alpinia boia pseudostenn. T. Poes 1153/ALI.
Illustrations: Lee (2013: 428, figs 225-235).
Distribution: The variety previously known only
fronn Java and Peninsular Malaysia.
Lejeunea fiava (Swartz) Nees, 1838 ssp. fiava
References: Hurlinnann (1993: 10); Soderstronn
et al. (2011: 419); Poes et al. (2011: 478), Ov, Ta,
VL.
New records: New to Ka: along Vunisea-Nannara
road at 110-150 nn, on bark in nnesic evergreen
forest. T. Poes 1171/T.
Illustrations: Lee (2013: 429, figs 236-249).
Distribution: Very widespread pantropical
species, fronn Fiji Islands with 19 records, fronn sea
level to 950 nn.
Lejeunea fiava ssp. moorei (Lindberg) R.M.
Schuster, 1957
New records: New to Fiji Islands: Vi, Rairainnatuku
Plateau, elfin forest along the Monasavu-Nandrau
road 10 knn SSE of Navai, at 990 nn alt., on twigs.
A. Sass-Gyarnnati 1164/T. According to Schuster
(1957: 161; 1980: 967) and Jones (1968: 549)
this taxon fully deserves its status.
Illustrations: Paton (1999: 496, fig. 244).
Distribution: Hitherto it was known only fronn
Ireland, the Azores, Madeira and the Canary
Islands (Lockhart et al., 2012). Its full distribution
and taxononnic value has to be clarified.
Lejeunea fiavida Mitten, 1861
= Lejeunea nietneri (Stephani) Stephani ex
Watts, 1902 (synonynn according to Mizutani 1974)
References: Cannpbell (1971: 14); Miller et al.
(1983: 180 ), VL.
Illustrations: Mizutani (1963: 173, fig. II, 1-9), as
Pycnolejeunea fiavida (Mitt.) Steph.
Distribution: Indonnalesian-Pacific species,
distributed fronn Sri Lanka to Sannoa. According to
Stephani (1915: 780) - ‘valde connnnunis’.
We did not conne across this species in Fiji.
Lejeunea gracilipes (Taylor) Spruce, 1884
= Taxilejeunea gracilipes (Taylor) Steph. 1914
References: Cannpbell (1971: 14), as Taxilejeunea
gracilipes (Taylor) Steph. 1971: 26, Ta, Vi, Va.
Distribution: Southern Pacific species known
fronn Fiji, Tahiti and Kernnadec Islands (Miller et al.
1983), Sannoa (Grolle 1980).
12
Poes, T. & Wei, Y-M.: Bryophytes from the Fiji Islands, VIII. The genus Lejeunea Libert (1820) ...
Lejeunea lumbricoides (Nees) Nees, 1845
References: Stephani (1914: 561, as
Hygrolejeunea graeffeana), Ov; Hurlinnann (1993:
11); Soderstronn et al. (2011: 419); Lee (2013:
442); Vi, where we collected at 990 nn alt. Altogether
five records fronn the islands.
Illustrations: Mizutani (1970: 239, fig, VIII); Lee
(2013: 441, figs 296-314).
Distribution: A Malesian-Pacific species
distributed fronn Java to Fiji, growing usually as
hanging epiphyte in montane rainforests above
1000 m.
SE 03-Mar-15 035393 WD17.4inm 22.0kV x40 limn
SE 03-Mar-15
aa oaaaaaoQO
035399 WDlT.lmm 22.0kV x350 lOOum
Figures 7-12. Fijian Lejeuna species. 7-8: Lejeunea cf. sordida (Nees) Nees aff. L. leratii (Steph.) Mizut. from Poes
03285/L: 7 - Ventral view; 8 - Cuticle; 8-9: Lejeunea patersonii (Steph.) Steph. from Poes 03282/AE; 8 - Ventral
view; 9 - Marginal cells; 11-12: Lejeunea reinerae Ilkiu-Borges from Renner & Rakoro 5440 and from Soderstrom
2011/032: 11 - Renner & Takoro 5440; 12 - Soderstrom 2011/032.
13
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Lejeunea micholitzii Mizutani, 1970
References: Hurlinnann (1993: 12), Vi;
Soderstronn et al. (2011: 419); Poes et al. (2011:
478), Ka, Ta. Altogether fronn 12 localities at 460-
1010 nn.
Illustrations: Mizutani (1970: 237, fig. VI); Lee
(2013: 443, figs 315-333).
Distribution: Malesian-Pacific species known
fronn Sri Lanka to the Philippines, Vanuatu and Fiji.
Lejeunea mimula Hurlimann, 1993 (Figs 5-6)
References: Flurlimann (1993: 12); Soderstronn
etal. (2011: 419), VL.
New records: New to Ka: Mt. Delainabukelevu
(Mt. Washington), cloud forest, 550-650 nn, on
bark and on leaves. A. Sass-Gyarmati 1177/AL,
L. Soderstronn 2011/187; elfin forest 700-800
nn, epiphyllous. M. von Konrat 1179/C. Altogether
16 records, nnost fronn Viti Levu Island at higher
elevations.
Illustrations: Mizutani (1970: 242, fig. XI); Lee
(2013: 449, figs 350-363).
Distribution: Malesian-Pacific species distributed
fronn Java to Fiji.
Lejeunea neelgherriana Nees in Gottsche,
Lindenberg et Nees, 1845
New records: New to Fiji Islands: J. Larram &
M. A.M. Renner 36175. The only specinnen was
collected fronn the islands.
Illustrations: Zhu & So (2000: 150, fig. 1).
Distribution: Known fronn Sri Lanka, India, Nepal,
Bhutan, Southern China, Korea and Japan (Zhu &
So 2001).
Lejeunea papilionacea PrantI, 1892
New records: New to Fiji Islands: Ta, SW part
of the island, on foothills between Salialevu and
Naqarawalu villages, in degraded rainforest at 100-
200 nn alt., on branches. S. & T. Poes 03296/F
p.p. Along the road fronn Wairiki village to Des
Voeux peak, at 715-750 nn, epiphyllous in mossy
cloud forest. S. & T. Poes 03289/BZ p.p. Around
Tavoro Waterfalls, above Korovou village, at 10-
100 m alt., on bark in wet lowland rainforest. S.
& T. Poes 03282/G. VL: at the N edge of Nausori
Flighlands, W of Bukuya village. On treefern petiole
in submontane rainforest at 570 m alt. S. & T. Poes
03253/J.
Illustrations: Jones (1972: 41, fig. 8 l-m, g-k);
Zhu & Grolle (2001: 334, fig. 2); Lee (2013: 454,
figs 379-393).
Distribution: A species of Palaeotropic
distribution, known from West Africa and the
East African islands through tropical Asia to Fiji
(Wigginton 2009; Lee 2013).
Lejeunea patersonii (Stephani) Stephani 1915
(Figs 8-9)
References: Flurlimann (1993: 13); Soderstrom
etal. (2011: 419), VL.
New records: New to Ta: NE side of Des Voeux
(Devo) Peak, along the road from Vairiki village to
the summit. Epiphyllous in mossy cloud forests at
715-1150 m alt. S. & T. Poes 03279/BJ and BK;
03289/BZ p.p. Around Tavoro Waterfalls above
Korovou village, at 10-100 m, in very wet lowland
rainforest, on bark. S. & T. Poes 03282/AE. Taveuni
Estates above Saquiu village, on treefern stem in
degraded submontane rainforest at 360 m alt. S.
& T. Poes 03290/J. Altogether 8 records from Fiji,
from sea level to 750 m.
Illustrations: Lee (2013: 457, figs 394-410); Lee
etal. (2014: 253, figs 21-29).
Distri bution : Malesian-Pacific species distributed
from Indochina to Tahiti (Lee 2013, 2014).
Notes: The record from Ovalau Island was based
on the mistaken synonymy with Microlejeunea
samoana Steph. in Miller et al. (1962), followed
by Flurlimann and Soderstrom et al. (I.c.). Although
Ovalau was considered to be a Samoan island by
Stephani 1915, it really belongs to Fiji, as pointed out
also by the above authors. Microlejeunea samoana
is not synonymous with Lejeunea patersonii, but
is a Fijian endemic species, as stated by Miller et
al. (1962: 559), who studied its type. Only through
further study it can be decided, whether it belongs
to Microlejeunea or Metalejeunea.
Lejeunea pulchriflora (Pearson) G.E. Lee,
Bechteler, Poes, Schafer-Verwimp et
Heinrichs, 2016 (Figs 13 14)
= Taxilejeunea pulchriflora Pearson 1924,
Lejeunea tamaspocsii G.E. Lee in Lee and
Gradstein, 2013
New records: New to Fiji Islands: Ka, summit of
Mt. Delainabukelevu (Mt. Washington), epiphyllous
on Blechnum leaves in elfin woodland at 700-800
m alt. E.A. Brown & M. von Konrat 1178/T, 1179/0
and E p.p.
Distribution: Distributed in the mountainous
areas of tropical Africa, Malesia and the Pacific
(see map in Lee et al. 2016).
Illustrations: Lee (2013: 470, figs. 477-492), as
L. tamaspocsii; Lee et al. (2016: 15, fig. 1).
14
Poes, T. & Wei, Y-M.: Bryophytes from the Fiji Islands, VIII. The genus Lejeunea Libert (1820) ...
Lejeunea reinerae Ilkiu-Borges, 2005 (Figs 11-12)
= Echinocolea herzogii Mizutani, Grolle, 1964.
New records: New to Fiji Islands: Vi, Coral Coast
near Nabukavesi village, 10 knn N of Lonnbau. On
ennerged streannbed rocks in wet lowland rainforest,
30-60 nn. S. & T. Poes 03261/ AC. NE escarpnnent
of Rairainnatuku Plateau, above Naqelewai village.
On bark in a secondary subnnontane rainforest
at 700 nn. S. & T. Poes 03272/C. E spur of Mt.
Delaitoga ridge along the Nabukavesi-Nannosi
road. On bark in cloud forest at 430 nn alt. A. Sass-
Gyarnnati 1153/AK. Sovi Basin, Waiannboa Streann
above Nadakuni and Raravatu village, vicinity
of Nainninnilulu rock. On side of boulder on edge
SE 03-Mar-15 035419 WDlB.Smm 22.0kV x250 200um
03-Mar-15
035392 WD17.4mm 22.0kV x70
SOOiim
Figures 13-18. Fijian Lejeunea species. 13-14: Lejeunea pulchriflora (Pearson) G.E. Lee from Brown & von Konrat
1179/C: 13 - Perianth; 14 - Ventral view; 15-16: Lejeunea sordida (Nees) Nees from Poes 03303/R: 15 - Ventral
view; 16 - Cuticle ornamentation; 17-18: Lejeunea umbilicata (Nees) Nees from Poes 03301/B: 17 - Flabit with
perianth; 18 - Ventral view.
15
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
of watercourse in riparian rainforest at 150 nn.
MAM. Renner & F. Rakoro 5440 (NSW 889642),
L. Soderstronn 2011/032 and /040. Altogether 4
localities in Fiji, fronn sea level to 700 nn.
Illustrations: Ilkiu-Borges (2005: 62, fig. 8).
Distribution: A Malesian-Pacific species
previously known only fronn Sulawesi, New Britain
and New Caledonia (Ilkiu-Borges 2005; Thouvenot
et al. 2011).
Lejeunea sordida (Nees) Nees, 1838 (Figs 15-16)
References: Flurlinnann (1993: 14), Vi; Soderstronn
et al. (2011: 420); Poes et al. (2011: 478) Ka, Ta.
Widespread in Fiji Islands on all substrates fronn
sea level to 990 nn alt., but nnostly in lowland forests
below 300 nn. Altogether 39 localities fronn Fiji.
Illustrations: Mizutani (1970: 243, fig. XII); Zhu &
So (2001: 142, fig. 55); Lee (2013: 465, figs. 446-
462).
Distribution: Known asa Malesian-Pacificspecies
distributed fronn Indonesia and China through the
Philippines, Australia and New Guinea to Sannoa
and Micronesia (Zhu & So 2001; Lee 2013).
Notes: A snnaller part of Lejeunea sordida
specinnens has very snnall incision on the underleaf
apex, being in this respect transitional towards
Lejeunea mimula. Eifrig (1937) in his nnonograph
of Taxilejeunea described and illustrated a sinnilar
plant as Taxilejeunea patersonii (Steph.) Eifrig,
nnistakenly based it on Lejeunea patersonii (Steph.)
Steph. instead of Hygrolejeunea leratii Steph.
Mizutani (1970) clarified its position and described
it as Lejeunea leratii (Steph.) Mizutani, based on
Hygrolejeunea patersonii. Both Eifrig and Mizutani
distinguish the plant from Lejeunea mimula by
its female inflorescence usually with 1 subfloral
innovation (instead of 2 in L mimula) and by its
short cylindrical beak of perianth (instead of funnel
shaped in L mimula). As these types of Fijian
plants are sterile (and their cuticle is smooth), we
classified this doubtful taxon within L sordida, until
fertile plants will be found (Figs 7-8).
Lejeunea subigiensis (Stephani) Stephani, 1896
References: Campbell (1971: 15), Ov, VL.
New records: New to Ta: SSE coast, WSW of
Navakawau village, epiphyllous in Barringtonia
asiatica dominated coastal forest, at 8 m. S. &
T. Poes 03292/L. Altogether 5 records from the
islands.
Distribution: Malesian-Pacific species occurring
in Taiwan, Borneo, Philippines, Fiji and Samoa
(Miller etal. 1983).
Notes: According to Zhu & So (2001: 159) it is
extremely similar and not easily separated from
Lejeunea anisophylla and the only difference is
the presence of regenerants at the leaf margin of
Lejeunea subigiensis.
Lejeunea tuberculosa Stephani, 1915
New records: New to Fiji Islands: Vi, Naitasiri
Distr., Ulvi Nakoba, vicinity of transmission station
at summit, at 460 m alt. On bark at forest edge
of mesophyll rainforest. M.A.M. Renner 5327 (NSW
889314). The only record is known from Fiji.
Illustrations: Mizutani (1971: 452); Jones (1972:
34), as Lejeunea camerunensis Stephani; Lee
(2013: 473).
Distribution: Widespread Palaeotropical species
distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia and the
Pacific (Lee 2013: 475).
Lejeunea umbilicata (Nees) Nees in Gottsche,
Lindenberg et Nees, 1843 (Figs 17-18)
= Lejeunea cuculliflora (Stephani) Mizutani,
1970
References: Jack&Stephani (1894), Eifrig(1937)
as Taxilejeunea umbilicata (Nees) Spruce, OV; Jack
& Stephani (1894), as Taxilejeunea umbilicata, Vi;
Sodersdtrom et al. (2011: 420); Poes et al. (2011:
479), TA.
New records: New to Ka: 2-3 km NNE of Vunisea,
along Namara road on rocks below waterfall, at
100-150 m alt. S. & T. Poes 03301/BJ. Altogether
17 localities in Fiji Islands on different substrates,
from 10-1150 m alt.
Illustrations: Mizutani (1970: 235); Lee (2013:
476).
Distri bution : Malesian-Pacific species distributed
from Sumatra to the Philippines and Samoa.
Lejeunea sp. nov. 1
A species with pluricellular first tooth. Only known
from the type, growing on half woody P/per stem: Vi,
Rairaimatuku Plateau, 855-945 m alt.
Seems to be endemic of Fiji Islands.
Lejeunea sp. nov. 2
A species with epiicate perianth. Only known from
Fiji, growing as epiphyllous and ramicolous in
montane rainforest and mossy (cloud) forest, Ta,
Vi, 600-950 m alt.
Seems to be endemic of Fiji Islands.
16
Poes, T. & Wei, Y-M.: Bryophytes from the Fiji Islands, VIII. The genus Lejeunea Libert (1820) ...
Phytogeographical evaluation
Interestingly the distribution pattern of the
species of Fijian Lejeunea Libert (1820) is quite
different fronn the distribution pattern of the
species of Cololejeunea (Spruce) Stephani (1891)
of the sanne islands (Poes 2012). The proportion of
the widely distributed multicontinental pantropical
elennents is much lower in Lejeunea than in
Cololejeunea (4 vs 16%). The explanation might be
in the presence of commonly developing discoid
gemmae in Cololejeunea, probably suitable also for
long range air dispersal. On the other hand, the ratio
of Malesian-Pacific species is higher in Lejeunea
(33 vs 7%), what probably can be explained by step
by step dispersal in this genus more pronounced
than long range air dispersal. The other explanation
should be the different age of the genera (Wilson
et al. 2007; Feldberg et al. 2014), but in this case
the older (Palaeocene) Lejeunea species should be
more widespread than Cololejeunea of Oligocene
origin, adapted later to the epiphyllous life style.
The above relationships appear in the list and
diagram below (Fig. 19):
• Fijian endemics - 3 species: Lejeunea
crassiretls, L. sp. nov. 1, L. sp. nov. 2.
• Southern Pacific - 2 species: Lejeunea
cavlloba, L. graclllpes.
• Malesian-Pacific - 9 species: Lejeunea elfrigll,
L. lumbrlcoldes, L. micholltzll, L. mimula, L.
patersonll, L. relnerae, L. sordlda, L. subiglensis,
L. umblllcata.
• Indomalesian-Pacific - 6 species: Lejeunea
apiculata, L. cocoes, L. discreta, L. exills, L.
neelgherriana, L. flavida
• South east-Asi an - 1 species: Lejeunea
compacta.
• Palaeotropical - 5 species: Lejeunea alata, L.
anisophylla, L. paplllonacea, L. pulchrlflora, L.
tuberculosa.
• Pantropical - 1 species: Lejeunea flava.
Acknowledgements
The authors are very grateful to Dr. Gaik Ee
Lee (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, UMTP), who
kindly revised all identifications and to Prof. Rui-
LiangZhu (East China Normal University, Shanghai)
for his useful advises and help with references.
Thanks are due to the financial support from AMFK
(Hungarian Ministry of Education, Budapest),
the ALCOA Foundations (U.S.A., New York), the
National Geographic Committee for Research and
Exploration (Grant No 8247-07), the GBIF Seed
Money Award (No. 2007/41), and the National
Pantropical
Palaeotropical
19%
Southeast Asian
4%
Indomalesian-
Pacific
22%
Fijian endemic
11%
Southern Pacific
7%
Malesian-Pacific
33%
Figure 19. Distribution types of Fijian Lejeunea Libert (1820) species.
17
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No
31400190).
The first author is indebted to Dr. Matt von
Konrat (F), who organized the 2008 and 2011
collecting trips and to his late wife Sarolta (Saci)
Poes for her participation in the collection and
preparation of specinnens during the 2003
expedition. Fie acknowledges the valuable
assistance, guidance, and logistical support
provided by the staff of the South Pacific Regional
Flerbariunn, Suwa, Fiji, especially by Dr. Marika
Tuiwawaand Alifereti Naikatini. Finally he is thankful
to Dr Krisztina Buezko (BP) for her kind assistance
in the preparation of SEM pictures in the Flungarian
Natural Flistory Museum in Budapest with a Flitachi
S-2500 N type scanning electron microscope.
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20
Shea, G.M.: The identity of Lygosoma (Hinulia) misolense Vogt, 1928 (Squannata: Scincidae)
(plate 1)
The identity of Lygosoma (Hinulia) misolense
Vogt, 1928 (Squamata: Scincidae)
Glenn M. Shea
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, BOl, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and Aus¬
tralian Museum Research Institute, 1 William St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; e-mail: glenn.
shea@sydney.edu.au
Abstract: Lygosoma {Hinulia) misolense Vogt, 1928, described fronn Misool Island, is redescribed fronn the two type
specinnens, and shown to be a junior synonynn of the widespread species Sphenomorphus simus (Sauvage, 1879).
A lectotype is designated, and an extended synonynny provided.
Keywords: Scincidae, Sphenomorphus simus, taxononny, Misool Island.
Introduction
Theodor Vogt (1928) described Lygosoma mi¬
solense from two specimens found among a small
collection of lizards made on Misool Island by the
ethnologist Odo Deodatus Tauern (14.xi.l885,
New York - Freiburg im Breisgau, ll.vii.l926),
and donated through Hermann Stitz (24.xii.1868
- 6.ii.l947) to the Zoologischen Museum, Berlin
(ZMB, now part of the Museum fur Naturkunde,
Berlin). The species has received scant attention
since. It was listed as a distinct species of Lygo¬
soma by Brongersma (1933) and, with the division
of that genus by Mittleman (1952), it was listed
as a distinct species of Sphenomorphus by Greer
and Parker (1967, 1971), Linkem etal. (2010) and
Hedges (2014). Loveridge (1948) considered it a
synonym of Lygosoma {Sphenomorphus) variega-
tum jobiense (originally described by Meyer, 1874
as Lygosoma {Hinulia) jobiense) but Loveridge’s
nomenclature has since been shown to be incor¬
rect, with the two subspecies he referred to as
Lygosoma {Sphenomorphus) variegatum jobiense
and Lygosoma {Sphenomorphus) variegatum stick-
eii later shown to be a single species distinct from
Sphenomorphus variegatus Peters, 1867 of the
Philippines, initially Sphenomorphus meianopieu-
rus Inger, 1958, then Sphenomorphus stickeii (Lov¬
eridge, 1948) by Inger (1961), and more recently, S.
simus (Sauvage, 1879) by Shea and Greer (1999),
while the name jobiensis was instead applicable to
the species Loveridge had referred to as Lygosoma
{Sphenomorphus) megaspiia (Gunther, 1877).
None of these authors examined the types of L mi-
soiense, which were first identified by Bauer et al.
(2003) as ZMB 31523. Bauer et a/, recommended
that Lygosoma misoiense be retained as a distinct
taxon within Sphenomorphus pending examination
of the syntypes. In this paper, I complete this task.
Materials and methods
The two syntypes of Lygosoma misoiense
(Plate 1 figs 1-2) are now ZMB 31523 and 64387,
following re-registration of the smaller specimen.
In redescribing the two syntypes, I adopt the head
shield nomenclature of Taylor (1935), with the ad¬
dition of the concept of subloreals, the single row of
flattened scales separating loreals from supralabi-
als in this species. Midbody scales are counted at
the mid-point of the axilla-groin interval; paraverte¬
bral scales are counted on the left side of the mid¬
line from the first scale posterior to the parietals to
the last scale anterior to the level of the hind limbs,
with limbs held at right angles to the body; subdigi¬
tal scales are counted on the fourth toe from the
base of the crease between third and fourth toes,
to and includingthe terminal sheathing scale at the
base of the claw (this includes the terminal end of
the metatarsal, which is incorporated into the base
of the digit in this species).
Measurements were made with the structure
held straight against a steel rule, or (for head mea¬
surements) with dial callipers, both sets of mea¬
surements taken with the instrument examined
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
under a dissecting nnicroscope to ensure correct
placennent. Head measurennents are to the nearest
0.1 nnnn; other measurennents are to the nearest 0.5
mm. Snout-vent length (SVL) is from tip of snout to
posterior edge of median precloacal scales, along
the ventral surface; axilla-groin length (AGL) is from
the posterior junction between forelimb and body
wall, to the anterior Junction between hindlimb and
body wall, with the limbs held at right angles to the
body axis; forelimb length (FLL) and hindlimb length
(HLL) are from the medial extremity of the posterior
crease between limb and body wall, to the tip of
the claw, with the limb held at right angles to the
body; head length (HL) is from the tip of the snout
obliquely to the anteriormost margin of the external
ear aperture; head width (HW) is at the widest point
of the head, and head depth (HD) is at the deepest
point of the head over the parietal table, including
the lower Jaw, at right angles to the labial margin.
Redescription of the syntypes of Lygosoma miso-
lense
Vogt’s (1928) description of the species was
limited, although typical of the descriptions of that
era. Vogt compared his new species only to S. stri-
olatus (Weber, 1890), a species described from
Flores in the Lesser Sundas, noting in particular un¬
specified differences in coloration, a lower number
of subdigital lamellae, shorter limbs, and smooth,
non-striate dorsal scales. To aid in discussion of the
identity of this species, I provide a more extended
description of the two syntypes, with the character
states for ZMB 31523 first.
Snout short and blunt; rostral in broad contact
with frontonasal, the suture straight; prefrontals in
broad contact; supraoculars seven, the first three
in contact with the frontal; fro nto pari eta Is paired;
parietals in broad contact behind interparietal;
nostril in centre of nasal; supranasals and postna¬
sals absent; loreals two, separated by a long low
subloreal (first of the series of subloreals) from the
supralabials; suboculars 1-2 (1L/2R, 2L/2R); post¬
suboculars 6-7 (6L/6R, 7L/6R), lowermost not in-
terdigitating with supralabials; supraciliaries 14-15
(15L/14R, 16L/15R), last few interdigitating with
posterior supraoculars; supralabials 7-8 (7L/7R,
8L/7R), fifth (n = 3) or sixth (n=l) under centre
of eye; last two supralabials each divided into an
upper and a lower scale; primary temporals two;
secondary temporals two, lower overlapping upper;
postmental contacting a single infralabial on each
side; three pairs of chin shields, first pair in contact
medially, second pair separated by a single median
scale, third pair separated by three median scales,
all laterally contacting infralabials.
Midbody scales 38, 42; paravertebral scales
66, 61; subdigital scales below fourth toe 24-28
(24L/25R, 28L/27R), basalmost paired, imbri¬
cate, over distal section of metatarsal, remainder
undivided and keeled; terminal two scales above
fourth toe undivided; imbricate scales on dorsum
of pes extending ventrally between fourth and fifth
digits onto sole, without a sharp disjunction from
the solar granules on anterior part of sole; preanals
enlarged, median pair overlapping lateral scales.
Dorsal and lateral scales finely granular, more so
laterally.
Raw measurements of the two syntypes are
provided in Table 1 (see Appendix). Proportions from
these measurements are: AGL/SVL 42.9%, 42.5%;
FLL/SVL 34.1%, 37.0%; HLL/SVL 57.1%, 61.6%;
HLL/AGL 133.3%, 145.2%; HL/SVL 22.9%, 26.6%;
HW/SVL 17.4%, 17.0%; HW/HL 76.0%, 63.9%; HD/
SVL 13.4%, 13.7%, HD/HL 58.7%, 51.5%. Neither
specimen has a complete, unregenerated tail, al¬
though that of 31523 is only missing the tip; the
proportion of remaining tail length/SVL is 156.0%.
Discussion
In a few aspects, Vogt’s description differs sig¬
nificantly from my examination of the two syntypes.
In particular, he reported 11 supraciliaries, and 22
lamellae under the fourth toe. These are likely to
reflect differences in definitions of the characters.
However, it is unclear what character definitions
Vogt used. In other character states, for example
number of supralabials (7) and midbody scales
(42), Vogt reports no variation, although there is
variation between the syntypes. In two other char¬
acter states given by Vogt (subdigital lamellae not
keeled; dorsal scales smooth, lateral scales with
pore-like, fine depressions), my examination of the
syntypes is not in agreement with his description.
There are no pores on the scales - instead the
dorsal and lateral scales bear numerous fine tuber¬
osities (Plate 1 fig. 3), although these are less pro¬
nounced on the dorsal scales than laterally. Vogt
may have been misled by the limitations of the opti¬
cal resolution of his microscope.
With the redescription of the syntypes of Lygo¬
soma misolense, it is now clear that this species
is synonymous with Sphenomorphus simus (Sau-
vage, 1879). The coloration (Plate 1 figs 1-2) falls
within the range of variation of S. simus, and the
22
Shea, G.M.: The identity of Lygosoma (Hinulia) misolense Vogt, 1928 (Squannata: Scincidae)
(plate 1)
presence of a subloreal row, a single row of keeled
subdigital lannellae, innbricate scales extending
onto the solar surface of the pes, seven supraocu-
lars with the first three contacting the frontal, and
snnall granules on dorsal and lateral scales are all
characteristics of S. simus. The nunnber of nnidbody
scales (38-42) is within the range of variation of S.
simus (38-44, nnean = 40.1, n = 27, Inger, 1961;
38-45, n = 138 fronn the Sepik region and adjacent
islands, and 37-49, n = 23 fronn the Bisnnark Archi¬
pelago, Mys, 1988; 37-47, nnean = 40.8, nnode =
40 (34%), n = 106, pers. obs.), as are the nunnber
of paravertebral scales (61-66 vs 59-72, nnean =
64.2, nnedian = 64, n = 108, pers. obs.) and sub¬
digital scales (24-28 vs 20-30, nnean = 25.1, nnode
= 25 (21%), n = 89, pers. obs.).
Only in the nunnber of supralabials does L
misolense seenningly differ fronn S. simus. Inger
(1958, 1961) considered S. simus (as S. melano-
pleurus and S. stickeli) to differ fronn S. variegatus
of the Philippines in usually having 8 supralabi¬
als vs 7 supralabials, while Vogt (1928) reported
L misolense to have 7 supralabials. However, nny
exannination of a larger sannple of S. simus, cover¬
ing a wider area than seen by Inger (1958, 1961),
effaces the difference. Annong 209 individuals of
S. simus, although the nnode was bilaterally 8 (n
= 120, 57%), over a third had bilaterally 7 (n = 42,
20%) or asynnnnetrically 7/8 (n = 39, 19%), with the
snnall residue asynnnnetrically 8/9 (n = 8, 4%). Fur¬
ther, the snnaller syntype of S. simus is also asynn¬
nnetrically 7/8.
Sphenomorphus simus is widespread in New
Guinea, and reaches a nunnber of island groups, in¬
cluding New Britain, New Ireland and New Hanover
in the Bisnnark Archipelago and Kairiru, Karkar and
Muschu along the Sepik coastline (Mys 1988),
and Nunnfoor [fornnerly Mafor] and Yapen [for-
nnerly Japen] in Cenderawasih [fornnerly Geelvink]
Bay (Sauvage 1879; Inger 1961. De RooiJ (1915)
reported it, as S. variegatus, fronn Biak [fornnerly
Mysore] and Roon [fornnerly Ron] in Cenderawasih
Bay and the Aru Islands, but did not record exann-
ining specinnens to confirnn the localities. Her re¬
cords appear to be based on the earlier records of
Lygosoma naevium (Gray, 1845) fronn these locali¬
ties by Peters and Doria (1878), which rennain to
be confirnned as S. simus. The species also occurs
in the northern Raja Annpat group (AMNH 94314-
40, Batanta Island), and hence its occurrence on
Misool, the southernnnost of the larger islands in
the Raja Annpat group is not unexpected.
With the addition of L misolense, the already
lengthy synonynny of this widespread and connnnon
species gains one nnore nanne:
Sphenomorphus simus (Sauvage, 1879)
Lygosoma (Hinulia) sima - Sauvage, 1879: 54.
Lectotype MNHN 1996.1114, designation by
Shea & Greer 1999.
Type locality: He Mafor [= Nannfoor I.]
= Hinulia naevia (part) - Gray 1845 (non Scin-
cus naevius Dunneril & Bibron 1839).
= Lygosoma {Hinulia) variegatum (part) - Bou-
lenger 1887 (non Lygosoma (Hinulia) variegatum
Peters 1867).
= Lygosoma {Hinulia) misolense - Vogt 1928:
334. Lectotype: ZMB 31523, here designated. Type
locality: Misol [= Misool Island, Indonesia].
= Lygosoma totocarinatum - Vogt, 1932: 286.
Holotype: ZMB 25768. Type locality: [Sepik River,
Papua New Guinea, fide Shea & Greer 1999].
= Otosaurus simum - Snnith 1937.
= Otosaurus variegatum (part) - Snnith 1937.
(non Lygosoma {Hinulia) variegatum Peters 1867).
= Lygosoma {Sphenomorphus) variegatus
stickeli - Loveridge 1948: 345. Holotype: MCZ
49326. Type locality: Gusiko [Morobe Province,
Papua New Guinea].
= Lygosoma {Sphenomorphus) variegatus jo-
biense - Loveridge 1948 (non Lygosoma (Hinulia)
variegatum Peters 1867, non Lygosoma (Hinulia)
jobiensis Meyer 1874).
= Lygosoma {Sphenomorphus) simum - Lov¬
eridge 1948.
= Sphenomorphus simus - Mittlennan 1952.
= Sphenomorphus stickeli - Mittlennan 1952.
= Sphenomorphus totocarinatus - Mittlennan
1952.
= Sphenomorphus melanopleurus - Inger
1958: 264. Holotype: FMNH 78383. Type locality:
Marienberg, Sepik River [East Sepik Province, Pap¬
ua New Guinea].
= Sphenomorphus stickeli stickeli - Inger
1961.
= Sphenomorphus stickeli melanopleurus -
Inger 1961.
= Sphenomorphus misolensis - Bauer et al.
2003.
Acknowledgements
I thank Frank Tillack for his assistance during
nny visit to the ZMB collection in 2015, and Linda
Ford (AMNH), Allen Allison and Carla Kishananni
(BPBM), Jens Vindunn (CAS), Marinus Hoognnoed
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
and Esther Dondorp (RMNH) and George Zug
(USNM) for either loans of specinnens, or assistance
during nny visits to collections under their care over
several decades.
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genus Sphenomorphus. - Fieldiana (Zoology) 39,
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Standards in herpetology and ichthyology: Part 1.
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1985, No 3: 802-832.
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species of scincid lizard (genus Sphenomorphus)
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66: 67-79.
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ians in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and
United States National Museum. - Bulletin of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard Col¬
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Meyer A.B. 1874. [Eine Mittheilung von FIrn. Dr. Adolf
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Insein Jobi, Mysore und Mafoor im Jahre 1873
gesammelten Amphibian. - Monatsberichte der
konlgllch Akademie der WIssenschaften zu Berlin
1874: 128-140.
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of the subfamily Lygosominae. - Smithsonian Mis¬
cellaneous Collections 117, No 17: 1-35.
Mys B. 1988. The zoogeography of the scincid lizards
from North Papua New Guinea (Reptilia: Scinci¬
dae). I. The distribution of the species. - Bulletin de
TInstitut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique
58: 127-183.
Peters W. 1867. Flerpetologische notizen. - Monatsberi¬
chte der konlgllch Akademie der WIssenschaften
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traci raccolti da 0. Beccari, L. M. D’Albertis e A. A.
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del Museo CIvIco dl Storla Naturale dl Genova 13:
323-450, pis i-vii.
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veauxou peu connus de la Nouvelle-Guinee. - Bul¬
letin de la Soclete phllomathlque de Paris, Series
7, 3: 47-61.
Shea G.M., Greer A.E. 1999. Two senior synonyms and
a name change for the New Guinea Skink Spheno¬
morphus stIckeTi (Loveridge, 1948). - Journal of
Herpetology 33, No 1: 136-141.
Smith M.A. 1937. A review of the genus Lygosoma (Scin¬
cidae: Reptilia) and its allies. - Records of the In¬
dian Museum 39, No 3: 213-234.
Taylor E.FI. 1935. A taxonomic study of the cosmopoli¬
tan scincoid lizards of the genus Eumeces with an
account of the distribution and relationships of its
species. - University of Kansas Science Bulletin
23: 1-643.
Vogt T. 1928. Uber einige Eidechsen der Molukkenin-
sel Misol. - Zoologischer Anzeiger 76, No 11/12:
333-335.
VogtT. 1932. Beitragzur Reptilienfauna der ehemaligen
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Received: 22.12.2016.
24
Shea, G.M.: The identity of Lygosoma (Hinulia) misolense Vogt, 1928 (Squannata: Scincidae)
(plate 1)
Appendix:
Specinnens exannined (collection abbreviations follow
Leviton et al. 1985):
Sphenomorphus simus (Sauvage, 1879)
AMNH: 58396-401, Tarara, Western Province, PNG;
61810, 61952-55, 66349-53, 105880, Hollandia [Jay-
apura], Papua Province, Indonesia, 62444-46, Bern-
hard Cannp, Idenburg River, Papua Province, Indonesia;
66691, 95622, 1 nni. N Bonga, Huon Peninsula, Mo-
robe Province, PNG; 82379, probably New Britain, PNG;
94314-40, Mt Besar, above Wailebet, Batanta I., West
Papua Province, Indonesia; 95502, Maprik, East Sepik
Province, PNG; 95861, Masba Creek, Morobe Province,
PNG; 100327-28, Milionn, Sandaun Province, PNG;
100329-33, Lunni, Sandaun Province, PNG; 102237-
41, Uraru, Purari River, Gulf Province, PNG; 102242,
Soliabedo, Sinnbu Province, PNG; 102242-43, Cannp II,
Pio River, Gulf Province, PNG; 103969-70, Daru I., West¬
ern Province, PNG; 103971-73, Derongo, Western Prov¬
ince, PNG; 105858, Nobonob, 3 nni. W, 4 mi. N Madang,
Madang Province, PNG; 105859-60, Talasea, West
New Britain Province, PNG; 109524-29, Gusika, Huon
Peninsula, 18 km N Finschhafen, Morobe Province;
111736-40, Emeti, Western Province, PNG; 134061-
62, 134064-65, Haidauwogam Village, 27 km S, 5 km E
Tabubil, Western Province, PNG.
AMS: R15392-94, Haia Bush Camp, Simbu Province,
PNG; R129616, 6 km NNE Amelei, West New Britain
Province, PNG; R129620-21, Awit River, SSW Waitpo
Village, East New Britain Province, PNG; R129653, Wa¬
itpo Village, East New Britain Province, PNG; R135544,
135547, 135549, 135554, MtSue, Sandaun Province,
PNG.
BPBM: 11922, Weitin River Valley, 13 km N, 10.5 km
W of river mouth. New Ireland Province, PNG; 11969,
11974, Lake Camp, 1778 m, Hans Meyer Range, New
Ireland Province, PNG; 12039, 12059-61, 12063,
12067-69, 12084, 12095, Weitin River Valley, 8 km
N, 7 km W of river mouth. New Ireland Province, PNG;
13117, 13138-41, 13150, Avi Avi River, E branch, 5.5
km S, 5.6 km W Tekadu Airstrip, Ivimka Field Station,
Gulf Province, PNG; 43231-33, 43248, 43250, 43251-
52, 43256, 43257, AA field series 14788-89, 14799,
14885, 14887, 14889-92, 14919-20, 14923, Kuala
Kencana (near sewage plant), ca 15.5 km (by air) NNW
Timika airport, Papua Province, Indonesia; 43234,
43235-37, 43238, 43239-40, 43241-43, 43244,
43246, 43247, AA field series 14726, 14940, Kuala
Kencana Light Industry Park, ca 10 km (by air) N of
Timika airport, Papua Province, Indonesia; 43253, ca
23 km (by air) NNE of Timika airport, Papua Province,
Indonesia; 43254, 43269, AA field series 15342, ca
27.5 km (by air) NNE Timika airport, Papua Province, In¬
donesia; 43255, 43258, 43259-60, 43262-63, AA field
series 14851, 14949-53, 14955-56, ca 30 km (by air)
NNE Timika airport, Papua Province, Indonesia; AA field
series 14988, E levee of Minajerwi River, ca 18.5 km
(by air) SSE of Timika airport, Papua Province, Indonesia;
43264-66, 43270, 15273-74, 43271-74, 15129-31,
15797-99, 16015, Kopi River Rd, ca 13 km NNE Timika
airport, Papua Province, Indonesia; 15267-68, ca 14 km
(by air) S of Timika airport, Papua Province, Indonesia.
CAS: 12069, between Lake Sentani and Jautefa Bay, nr
Hollandia [Jayapura], Papua Province, Indonesia; 64241,
Dutch New Guinea; 117995, Uraru, Gulf Province, PNG;
192847-48, 192850-53, Amron Village, W of Baitabag
Mission, Madang Province, PNG.
M. O’Shea collection (to be lodged with BMNH): MDM 69,
Wasabmal, near Alexishafen, Madang Province, PNG.
RMNH: RENA 29839, New Guinea; RENA 29841-42,
Etna Bay, West Papua Province, Indonesia.
USNM: 159853-54, Finschhafen, Morobe Province, PNG;
195721, 524235-37, ca 1-1.5 mi. S Brown River, ca 20
km NW Port Moresby, Central Province, PNG; 195722,
524238-40, Inawa, Mekeo subdistrict. Central Province,
PNG; 195724, 232348, 524241-43, Vanimo, Sandaun
Province, PNG.
Table 1. Measurements of the syntypes of Lygosoma misolense Vogt, 1928.
Legends: Measurements are in millimetres; for abbreviations of characters, see Materials and methods.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
26
Shea, G.M.: Generic allocation of the enignnatic scincid lizard Lygosoma inconspicuum fronn Sulawesi ...
(plates 2-3)
Generic allocation of the enigmatic scincid lizard
Lygosoma inconspicuum F. Muller, 1895
(Squamata: Scincidae) from Sulawesi
Glenn M. Shea
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, BOl, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and Aus¬
tralian Museum Research Institute, 1 William St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; e-mail: glenn.
shea@sydney.edu.au
Abstract: The holotype and only known specinnen of Lygosoma {Leiolepisma) inconspicuum F. Muller, 1895 is rede¬
scribed and dennonstrated to belong to the genus Lipinia, rather than Scinceiia, to which it has long been ascribed.
Transfer of the species to Lipinia rennoves the biogeographic anonnaly of a Scinceiia species occurring in Wallacea,
distant fronn the distribution of the rest of the genus in Asia. Lipinia inconspicua is the first species of Lipinia in Su¬
lawesi with an external ear, and is nnost sinnilar to Lipinia auricuiata kempi fronn the Philippines.
Keywords: Lipinia, Sarasin, systematics, Sulawesi.
Introduction
Among the extensive herpetological collec¬
tions made in Sulawesi by the Swiss zoologists Fritz
and Paul Sarasin in 1893-1896 was a small non¬
descript skink, named as Lygosoma inconspicuum
by Friedrich Muller in 1895. The holotype was re¬
described by Boulenger (1897), who continued to
place it in Lygosoma, along with the majority of the
world’s skink fauna at that time. When Lygosoma
was eventually dismantled by Mittleman (1952),
inconspicuum was transferred to Scinceiia, becom¬
ing Scinceiia inconspicua. However, Mittleman’s
assignment of species to genera was predominant¬
ly based on previous descriptions rather than the
re-examination of specimens, and hence many of
his allocations remain to be confirmed. The species
has continued to be listed as a species of Scinceiia
by most subsequent authors (Greer 1974; Kramer
1979; Welch et al. 1990; Iskandar & TJan 1996;
Wrobel 2004; Linkem et al. 2011; Koch 2012;
Hedges 2014), although Wanger et al. (2011) list
it as Lipinia inconspicua, without providing any dis¬
cussion.
The placement of this species in Scinceiia is
geographically anomalous, as it is the only species
in the genus occurring in Sulawesi, and no other
species of Scinceiia occurs as far south as Penin¬
sular Malaysian (Grismer 2011) or in Indonesia (de
RooiJ 1915). The most recent revision of the genus
in south-east Asia (Ouboter 1986) failed to mention
the species.
Although described by both Muller (1895) and
Boulenger (1897), both descriptions are brief and
emphasise traditional characters. Hence, I here
provide a more extended description of the holo¬
type, and use this to reconsider its affinities and
generic identity.
Materials and methods
The holotype of Lygosoma inconspicuum in
the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (NHMB)
was examined on two occasions, firstly for an ex¬
tended period on loan to the Australian Museum in
1999-2001, and more recently during a brief visit
to the NHMB collection in 2015. Some comparative
material of geographically proximate populations
of Lipinia noctua was examined in the collections
of Naturalis (Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum,
Leiden, the Netherlands; RMNH) and the Museo
Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Italy (MSNG).
Head shield nomenclature follows Taylor
(1935).
Measurements were made with the structure
held straight against a steel rule, or (for head mea¬
surements) with dial callipers, both sets of mea¬
surements taken with the instrument examined
under a dissecting microscope to ensure correct
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
placennent. Head nneasurennents are to the nearest
0.1 nnm; other nneasurennents are to the nearest 0.5
mm. Snout-vent length (SVL) is from tip of snout to
posterior edge of median precloacal scales, along
the ventral surface; axilla-groin length (AGL) is from
the posterior junction between forelimb and body
wall, to the anterior Junction between hindlimb and
body wall, with the limbs held at right angles to the
body axis; forelimb length (FLL) and hindlimb length
(HLL) are from the medial extremity of the posterior
crease between limb and body wall, to the tip of
the claw, with the limb held at right angles to the
body; head length (HL) is from the tip of the snout
obliquely to the anteriormost margin of the external
ear aperture; head width (HW) is at the widest point
of the head, and head depth (HD) is at the deepest
point of the head over the parietal table, including
the lower Jaw, at right angles to the labial margin.
Redescription of the hoiotype of Lygosoma incon-
spicuum
The hoiotype (NHMB 4742; Plate 2 fig. 1) is a ma¬
ture but non-reproductive female.
Scalation: Nasals moderately separated (by a
distance about 1/3 of the width of the frontonasal)
by median dorsal lobe of rostral; prefrontals mod¬
erately separated by contact of frontonasal with
frontal; fro nto pari eta Is medially fused; interparietal
with parietal eye at junction of middle and posterior
thirds; parietals in broad contact posterior to inter¬
parietal; nuchals in three pairs; supraoculars four,
first two contacting frontal; supraciliaries nine, in
linear contact with supraoculars, first supraciliary
in contact with frontal; upper postocular extending
into supraciliary row, becoming the penultimate su¬
praciliary; last two supraciliaries larger, and extend
medially posterior to fourth supraocular.
Nostril central in nasal; anterior and posterior lore-
als squarish; preocular single, separated from fron¬
tonasal by contact of posterior loreal with first su¬
praciliary; presuboculars three, interdigitating with
supralabials; 3L/4R small granules of lower eyelid
separating pre- and postsuboculars along dorsal
margin of subocular supralabials; postsuboculars
four, lowermost interdigitating with supralabials;
lower eyelid with an opaque rounded window; pri¬
mary temporal single; secondary temporals two,
lower overlapped by upper; upper secondary tem¬
poral separated from nuchals by a single scale; low¬
er secondary temporal followed by two successive
tall tertiary temporals; ear large, broadly ovoid, long
axis vertical; tympanum thin but shallow-set, lack¬
ing lobules along margins.
Mental wider than long; postmental in contact with
first two infralabials on each side; four pairs of
enlarged chin shields, all laterally in contact with
infralabials; first pair of chin shields in medial con¬
tact; second and third pairs separated by a single
median scale; fourth pair separated by three scales.
Body scales smooth and glossy, in 22 longitudinal
rows at midbody; paravertebral scales slightly wider
than adjacent dorsal scales, 56 from parietals to
level of anterior margin of hindlimb, 59 to level of
posterior margin of hindlimb; median pair of prea-
nals enlarged, laterally overlapping adjacent prea-
nals; fourth toe with paired scales above to base of
fourth phalanx; last two (L) or three (R) supradigital
scales single; lamellae below fourth toe 19L/20R,
basally slightly broadened, distally (distal to second
phalanx) distinctly narrower; toes 3-5 distinctly an-
gulate, with an oblique dorsal deviation of the digit
at the proximal interphalangeal Joint of digits 3 and
5, and at the second interphalangeal Joint of digit
4, then a return to a horizontal orientation at the
subsequent interphalangeal Joint (Plate 3 fig. 1).
Measurements: Snout-vent length (SVL) 50 mm;
axilla-groin length 26.5 mm (53.0% of SVL); fore¬
limb length 11 mm (22.0% of SVL); hindlimb length
17 mm (34.0% of SVL); head length (HL) 9.6 mm
(19.2% of SVL); head width 6.0 mm (62.5% of HL);
head depth 4.5 mm (46.9% of HL).
Coloration: Dorsum pale grey-brown, with a pair of
oblique dark-brown blotches on the parietals, a pair
of rounded dark spots over the nuchal region, then
a few asymmetrically arranged dark spots para-
vertebrally over the posterior neck and forebody. A
narrow dark upper lateral stripe from the posterior
canthus of the eye, above the ear, and widening at
the level of the forelimb, extending to the tail base.
The upper edge of this stripe is sharply defined, and
lies in the middle of the third dorsal scale row; the
lower edge less well-defined, on scale row 5.
Face and lower flanks of body paler brown. Venter
yellow, throat with pale-brown macules and cloud¬
ing. Soles of feet weakly variegated with brown.
Parietal peritoneum black; visceral peritone¬
um on oviducts and ovaries unpigmented.
The above description is based on the specimen
when first viewed in 2000. On my second exami¬
nation of the specimen in 2015, it had darkened
considerably in preservative (Plate 2 fig. 1).
Type locality
The type locality as stated by Muller (1895)
28
Shea, G.M.: Generic allocation of the enignnatic scincid lizard Lygosoma inconspicuum fronn Sulawesi ...
(plates 2-3)
was “Boelawa-Gebirg circa 1200 nn.” (Boelawa
Mountain, circa 1200 nn), a locality subsequently
given as “Bone Mtns, 3900 ft” by Boulenger (1897).
Boelawa Gebirge is now Huidu Matabulawa, in the
Bone Mountains. Connparison of the accounts of
Sarasin and Sarasin (1894, 1905), and the nnap
acconnpanying the fornner account indicates that
the Sarasin brothers approached fronn the west,
following the Bone River (Sungai Bone) upstreann
fronn Gorontalo. On 16 January 1894, they left the
river headwaters, and continued to approach Huidu
Matabulawa, reaching 1250 nn, where they built a
hut to shelter fronn a stornn, and then later that day
attaining about 1500 nn to the south of the nnain
peak, before descending the steep eastern side of
the nnountain to the valley of the Totoija (Pungea)
River on 17 January, and following it downstreann
to Negeri Lanna, reaching the coast on 21 Janu¬
ary. Transferring the route to nnodern nnaps gives
the coordinates of the type locality (at 1200 nn) as
approxinnately 0°30’N, 123°38’E. The locality is
in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Su¬
lawesi Province.
Discussion
The placennent of Lygosoma {Leiolepisma) in¬
conspicuum in Scinceiia by Mittlennan (1952) oc¬
curred at a tinne when the distinction between Scin¬
ceiia and Lipinia was poorly defined. The diagnoses
provided by Mittlennan (1952) did not provide any
useful distinction between the two genera (“prefron-
tals large, fornning a nnedian suture; frontonasal at
least as long as it is wide . ; preanals pronninently
enlarged” for Lipinia vs “prefrontals large, often
fornning a nnedian suture; preanals pronninently en¬
larged” for Scinceiia). Greer (1974) provided nnore
extensive connparative diagnoses when recognising
both as window-eyed nnennbers of what would be-
conne the tribe Sphenonnorphini Welch 1982, with
Lipinia lacking a postorbital bone, possessing (in
nnost species) a colour pattern of strongly alternat¬
ing dark and light stripes, snnall clutch size (one or
two in nnost species), and dilated basal subdigital
lannellae (in nnany species), while Scinceiia pos¬
sesses a postorbital bone (in nnost species); lacks
a pattern of alternative dark and light stripes, has
a nnuch larger clutch size, and lacks dilated bas¬
al subdigital lannellae. To these differences. Shea
and Greer (2002) added the condition of the low¬
er secondary tennporal scale overlapping the up¬
per secondary tennporal scale in nnost Scinceiia,
a character not present in Lipinia. Das and Greer
(2002) provided a further list of “derived character
states” (presunnably intended as aponnorphies, but
without a fornnal cladistic analysis or identification
of outgroups for polarisation) for Lipinia within the
context of the Sphenonnorphini, but did not provide
connparative data for Scinceiia.
Scinceiia as defined by Greer (1974) has been
subject to sonne nnodification. Sonne Hinnalayan
species were transferred by Erennchenko (1987) to
a new subgenus, Himaibiepharus, in Asymbiepha-
rus Jerionntschenko, Szczerbak, 1980, a genus
originally established for a single species, Abiepha-
rus aiaicus Elpatjevsky, 1901, while several South
Indian species were transferred to a new genus
Kaestiea by Erennchenko and Das (2004). Balanc¬
ing this loss of species to other genera, Greer and
Shea (2003) subsunned the nnonotypic genus Par-
aiipinia Darevsky, Orlov, 1997 into Scinceiia, and
Nguyen et ai. (2011) transferred to Scinceiia sever¬
al species of Vietnannese skinks that had previously
been described in the genus Sphenomorphus.
While neither Scinceiia or Lipinia have yet
been subject to extensive sannpling of their entire
nnorphological envelopes in published genetic anal¬
yses, Linkenn et al. (2011) and Pyron et al. (2013)
did identify the two genera as distinct fronn each
other on the linnited sannpling so far available, and
unpublished analyses including additional spe¬
cies by Linkenn (2013, pers. connnn.) confirnn this,
although Lipinia itself was not recovered as nnono-
phyletic, but represented three distinct lineages
(Linkenn 2013).
The type species of Lipinia, L. puicheiia Gray,
1845, was identified as part of a group of four
Lipinia species with a distinct tynnpanunn and a win¬
dowed lower eyelid. Lipinia ieptosoma fronn Palau,
originally described in the genus yAu/a cop/ax Brown
& Fehinnann, 1958, and with an extrenne dilation
of subdigital lannellae but a scaly (not windowed)
lower eyelid (the only Lipinia species with these
characters), represented a separate group, and two
species of Lipinia with the tynnpanunn covered with
scales were a third group. All three groups were re¬
covered as allied to different genera of sphenonnor-
phin skinks. These three nnorphotypes are nnore
broadly distributed in Lipina, with the nnajority of
species falling into the first group, and eight spe¬
cies, L inexpectata (Das & Austin, 2007), L infra-
iineoiata (Gunther, 1873), L. nitens (Peters, 1871),
L. quadrivittata (Peters, 1867), L. reiicta (Vinciguer-
ra, 1892), L sekayuensis Grisnner et al., 2014, L
subvittata (Gunther, 1873) and L surda (Bouleng¬
er, 1900), representing the earless group, nnost of
which also have the fourth supralabial (vs usually
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
the fifth) below the centre of the eye, fused fron¬
toparietal scales, and 22 or fewer modal midbody
scales, characters rare in other Lipinia species,
Austin (1995; 1998) similarly recovered Lipin¬
ia ieptosoma as the most basal lineage to other
eared Lipinia, although his sampling of species
outside Lipinia was insufficient to demonstrate the
polyphyly demonstrated by Linkem (2013).
Sampled representatives of the earless group
were also recovered as a distinct genetic lineage of
Lipinia by Das and Austin (2007, n = 2 species) and
Grismer et al. (2016, n = 6 species), although again
the sampling of taxa outside Lipinia was insuffi¬
cient to demonstrate polyphyly of the genus. Most
of the species in the earless group (4 of 5 species
studied) were recovered as a clade in a preliminary
cladistic analysis of morphology by Das and Greer
(2002). The generic name Cophoscincus Peters,
1867 is available for the earless group, should fur¬
ther more extensive studies confirm its monophyly
together with polyphyly of Lipinia.
With only a single specimen known of the spe¬
cies, I have not been able to examine the skull of
Lygosoma inconspicuum to determine the pres¬
ence or absence of the postorbital bone, and the
holotype is not gravid, precluding determination of
clutch size. However, on external morphology, Lygo¬
soma inconspicuum falls into the range of variation
of Lipinia, and more specifically, it does not show
morphological similarity to either Lipinia ieptosoma
or the earless clade of Lipinia, but lies within the
nominotypic group of Lipinia in having an exposed
tympanum and the fifth supralabial below the eye
and separating pre- and postsubocular scale se¬
ries. It differs from Scinceiia in having the lower
temporal scale overlapped by the upper second¬
ary temporal, and has distinctly dilated basal sub¬
digital lamellae, as in many Lipinia, and the digits,
particularly toe 4, show the arched distal extremity
present in some arboreal species of Lipinia, with a
further shortening of the antepenultimate phalanx
on the fourth toe in some of these species (Shea &
Greer 2002). The colour pattern is not of strongly
contrasting pale and dark stripes, regarded as di¬
agnostic of Lipinia by Greer (1974), but some other
recently recognised Lipinia species also lack these
(Gunther 2000; Shea & Greer 2002; Grismer et al.
2014; 2016), and the lack of dark markings along
the mid-vertebral line, flanked by dark paraverte¬
bral spots, does hint at the pale vertebral stripe of
many Lipinia species.
Hence, because of the enlarged subdigital la¬
mellae and arched terminal ends of the digits, and
the lower secondary temporal scale overlapped
by the upper secondary temporal scale, I formally
transfer Lygosoma {Leioiopisma) inconspicuum
Muller, 1895 from Scinceiia to Lipinia, as Lipinia
inconspicua. The biogeographic anomaly of Scin¬
ceiia in Sulawesi is resolved, with inconspicua in¬
stead being part of a genus widespread in Indone¬
sia, Papua and the Philippines. This transfer also
follows previous transfers to Lipinia of a number
of other species assigned by Mittleman (1952)
to Scinceiia: miota Boulenger, 1895 (now a syn¬
onym of L. noctua; Zweifel 1979), macrotympanum
Stoliczka, 1873, puichra Boulenger, 1903, semperi
Peters, 1867, vittigera Boulenger, 1894, and vuica-
nia Girard, 1858 by Greer (1974), subnitens Boett-
ger, 1896 (as a synonym of L. noctua) by Zweifel
(1979), and nitens Peters, 1871 by Das and Greer
(2002).
Within Lipinia, inconspicua differs from the
earless species in possessing a distinct tympanum.
It is one of only three species among the non-ear-
less Lipinia with fused frontoparietals. Variation in
scalation of L. puichra, a species of north-eastern
New Guinea, is poorly studied, but Zweifel (1979)
reported the species to routinely have fused fron¬
toparietals, and based on the type description of
two specimens, it has slightly more midbody scales
(24 vs 22) and more subdigital lamellae (22 vs 19-
20). Better sampling may efface these differences,
but L. puichra has a very different colour pattern to
L. inconspicua, with a narrow pale vertebral stripe
from tip of snout to midbody, terminated by median
fusion of broad dark paravertebral stripes, them¬
selves terminating at the base of the tail, where
they are replaced by median fusion of pale dorso¬
lateral stripes that commence at midbody and con¬
tinue (fused) to the tail tip (Zweifel 1979).
In the widespread L noctua, there is marked
variation in the fusion of the frontoparietals, with
higher frequencies in south-eastern New Guinea
(Zweifel 1979). However, the nearest populations
of L. noctua to L. inconspicuum, from the north¬
ern Maluku Islands (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate),
and to which the subspecific name ternatensis was
applied by Peters and Doria (1878), have very low
frequencies of fusion of the frontoparietals (Zwe¬
ifel 1979), and distinctively different colour pattern
motif, with a partly or fully longitudinally coalescing
series of large dark paravertebral blotches, leaving
a pale vertebral stripe with sharp edges at least an¬
teriorly, and more laterally, a pair of pale dorsolat¬
eral stripes. Zweifel (1979) only had samples of this
form from Morotai, but I can confirm that this motif
is also present on Halmahera (RMNH.RENA 5466,
Tobelo) and Ternate (three syntypes of Lygosoma
Shea, G.M.: Generic allocation of the enignnatic scincid lizard Lygosoma inconspicuum fronn Sulawesi ...
(plates 2-3)
noctua var. ternatensis, MSNG 27976; Plate 3 fig.
2), while specinnens fronn the adjacent Vogelkop of
New Guinea (RMNH.RENA 7293, Fak Fak; 48421-
22, 48424, AJannaroe; 48423, Erokwera) have the
nnore typical colour pattern of L noctua. Both the
Malukan and Vogelkop populations of L noctua
have a greater nunnber of nnidbody scales than L
inconspicua (24-26 vs 22).
The presence of fused frontoparietals is also
geographically linked in Lipinia auriculata (Taylor,
1917) of the Philippines (Brown & Alcala 1956;
1980), with the nonninate subspecies and L a.
kempi (Taylor, 1919) possessing fused frontopari¬
etals, but L a. herrei (Taylor, 1922) having paired
frontoparietals. Lipinia inconspicua differs fronn L.
a. auricuiata in having distinct pref rentals (vs usu¬
ally fused to the frontonasal), but is sinnilar in nnost
respects to L a. kempi of Minoro and Tablas Is¬
lands in the Central Philippines, including a colour
pattern that usually involves dark blotches on the
paravertebral scale rows (Brown & Alcala 1980).
Detailed descriptions of variation in scalation are
unavailable for L a. kempi, but the illustration of
the head shields of the holotype provided by Tay¬
lor (1919) does show only three pairs of enlarged
chin shields, with only the second pair separated by
a single median scale, while the holotype of Lygo¬
soma inconspicuum has four pairs of chin shields,
with both second and third pairs separated by a
median scale.
Within Sulawesi, L inconspicua is the only spe¬
cies of Lipinia possessing an external tympanum;
the other two species reported from the island (L
infraiineoiata and L. subvittata; Koch 2012) are
earless.
Given the angulation of the longer digits of L
inconspicua, it is likely that, like many Lipinia spe¬
cies, it is arboreal. This, in combination with small
size and a distribution in a remote part of North
Sulawesi, may explain the lack of modern records
of the species. Similar difficulties in sampling exist
for several species of Lipinia (Smith 1935; Brown &
Alcala 1963; Das 1997; Grismer 2011; Bucklitsch
et al. 2012; Supsup et al. 2016).
Acknowledgements
I thank Denis Vallan and Urs Wuest for assis¬
tance during my visit to the Naturhistorisches Mu¬
seum Basel collection in 2015, and for the earlier
loan of the holotype, and Esther Dondorp (RMNH)
and Giuliano Doria, Massimo Petri and Maria Bru-
na Invernici (MSNG) for assisting during my visits in
2015 and 2014 respectively.
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Received: 25.01.2017.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
34
Shea, G.M.: A new species oi Sphenomorphus (Squannata: Scincidae) fronn the Doberai Peninsula ...
(plates 4-6)
A new species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata:
Scincidae) from the Doberai Peninsuia of New Guinea,
with a redescription of Sphenomorphus consobrinus
(Peters et Doria, 1878)
Glenn M. Shea
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, BOl, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and
Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; e-mail: glenn.
shea@sydney.edu.au
Abstract: Sphenomorphus dekkerae sp. nov. is described fronn two specinnens fronn Ayamaru on the Doberai
Peninsula, collected in 1952. It is a member of the Sphenomorphus maindroni (Sauvage, 1879) species group,
but its affinities to the other members of this species group are uncertain. Although it shows a superficial similarity
to S. consobrinus of the Maluku Archipelago, it does not appear to be closely related to that species, which is not
a member of the S. maindroni species group. Sphenomorphus consobrinus (Peters et Doria, 1878) is redescribed
and illustrated.
Keywords: Sphenomorphus, new species, systematics, Doberai Peninsula, Maluku Archipelago, morphology.
Introduction
The herpetofauna of Indonesian New Guinea,
representing the western half of the island of
New Guinea, has until recently been neglected for
nearly a century. Although it was the earlier half of
the island to be collected by Europeans during the
nineteenth century, the few collections made in
the region during the twentieth century, mostly by
Dutch expeditions, have remained poorly studied.
Recent herpeto logical fieldwork in the area has
concentrated on the frog fauna, resulting in the
description of numerous new species (Blum &
Menzies 1988; Gunther 2000a; 2001; 2002a-b;
2003a-d; 2004a & b; 2006a-e; 2008a & b; 2009a
& b; 2010; 2013; 2015; Gunther & Knop 2006;
Gunther & Richards 2000; 2005a & b; Gunther et
al. 2001; 2009; 2010; 2012; 2016; Menzies 1987;
Menzies et al. 2008; Oliver & Richards 2007; Oliver
et al. 2007; 2012; Richards 2001; Richards &
Iskandar 2000; 2001; 2006; Richards et al. 2009;
Zweifel et al. 2005). In contrast, taxonomic work on
the scincid lizard fauna has largely been based on
historic collections, with revision of the two large
genera Emoia Gray, 1845 (Brown 1991) and Carlia
Gray, 1845 (Zug 2004) as part of New Guinea¬
wide revisions, and description of new species of
Lipinia Gray, 1845 (Gunther 2000b) and Lobulia
Greer, 1974 (Greer et al. 2005). Only one paper,
describing two new species of Carlia (Zug & Allison
2006) is predominantly based on recent collections
of skinks from Indonesian New Guinea. The third
large skink genus in New Guinea, Sphenomorphus
Fitzinger, 1843, has not been the subject of a full
regional revision since de RooiJ (1915).
Thirteen currently recognised species of
Sphenomorphus have been described from
material from Indonesian New Guinea: S. derooyae
(de Jong, 1927), S. jobiensis (Meyer, 1874), S.
longicaudatus (de RooiJ, 1915), S. maindroni
(Sauvage, 1879), S. mimikanus (Boulenger, 1914),
S. minutus (Meyer, 1874), S. muelleri (Schlegel,
1837), S. nigriventris (de RooiJ, 1915), S. oligolepis
(Boulenger, 1914), S. fuscolineatus Greer, Shea,
2004, S. simus (Sauvage, 1879), S. undulatus
(Peters, Doria, 1878) and S. wollastoni (Boulenger,
1914). Of these, only S. fuscolineatus has been
described in the past 80 years.
An additional five species, S. meyeri (Doria,
1874), S. neuhaussi (Vogt, 1911), S. pratti
(Boulenger, 1903), S. schultzei (Vogt, 1911) and S.
solomonis (Boulenger, 1887) have been reported
from the region (de Rooij 1915; 1919; Greer &
Parker 1974; Allison 2007a; Shea 2012).
35
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
During visits in 2000, 2013 and 2015, I
exannined the New Guinea Sphenomorphus in the
collection of Naturalis, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch
Museunn, Leiden, The Netherlands (RMNH), which
included collections made by and on behalf of
Dutch expeditions during the 1930s and 1950s.
Among the collections were two specimens of an
undescribed Sphenomorphus from the Doberai
Peninsula. These specimens had previously been
recognised as an undescribed species by Dekker
(1977) in a thesis, but no formal description was
published at the time. Although the species was
clearly distinct from all described New Guinea
Sphenomorphus, the proximity of the Doberai
Peninsula to the Maluku Archipelago required
comparison ofthenewspecies with Sphenomorphus
reported from that region as well. One species, S.
consobrinus (Peters, Doria, 1878), described from
Pulau Bacan, and subsequently reported from
Halmahera (Boettger 1895; 1902) and Morotai
(Tanner 1950), showed some similarity to the new
species in scalation and body proportions, although
published descriptions of this species provided
only limited detail. Examination of material of this
species, including most of the specimens reported
by Boettger (1895) and Tanner (1950) as well as
the types, has confirmed the distinction between
the two species, which are not closely related. This
paper describes the new species and provides a
detailed redescription and the first illustrations of
S. consobrinus.
Materials and methods
Collection codons follow Leviton et al. (1985).
Head scale nomenclature mostly follows Taylor
(1935). Subocular scales are the enlarged scales
bordering the dorsal border of the supralabial
scale below the centre of the eye, and between the
posteriormost presubocular and the anteriormost
postsubocular. The postsupraocular is as defined
by Greer & Shea (2004). In a few instances, there is
inconsistency among authors in the nomenclature
of scales borderingthe eye. Greer (1982) and Sadlier
(1984) refer to the first of Taylor’s presuboculars
as the lower of two preoculars. Greer (1983) uses
the term pretemporal for two scales that would
represent the posteriormost supraciliary and the
dorsalmost postsubocular of Taylor. I maintain
Taylor’s nomenclature in this paper, but note the
equivalence of Greer’s nomenclature for the scales
at the posterior corner of the eye. Head scales are
numbered from anterior to posterior.
Midbody scales are counted at the mid-point
of the axilla-groin interval; paravertebral scales are
counted on the left side of the midline from the
first scale posterior to the parietals to the last scale
anterior to the level of the hind limbs, with limbs
held at right angles to the body; subdigital scales
are counted on the fourth toe from the base of
the crease between third and fourth toes, to and
including the terminal sheathing scale at the tip of
the claw.
Measurements were made with the structure
held straight against a steel rule, or (for head
measurements) with dial callipers, both sets of
measurementstaken with the instrument examined
under a dissecting microscope to ensure correct
placement. Head measurements are to the nearest
0.1 mm; other measurements are to the nearest 0.5
mm. Snout-vent length (SVL) is from tip of snout to
posterior edge of median precloacal scales, along
the ventral surface; axilla-groin length (AGL) is from
the posterior junction between forelimb and body
wall, to the anterior Junction between hindlimb and
body wall, with the limbs held at right angles to the
body axis; forelimb length (FLL) and hindlimb length
(HLL) are from the medial extremity of the posterior
crease between limb and body wall, to the tip of
the claw, with the limb held at right angles to the
body; head length (HL) is from the tip of the snout
obliquely to the anteriormost margin of the external
ear aperture; head width (HW) is at the widest point
of the head, and head depth (HD) is at the deepest
point of the head over the parietal table, including
the lower Jaw, at right angles to the labial margin.
Taxonomic part
Sphenomorphus dekkerae sp. nov. (Figs 1-2, plate
4 figs 1-2, plate 6 figs 1-2)
httD://zoobank.org/D595665F-7C98-43E4-AllC-
73EEE595CC73
Holotype: RMNH. RENA 30144, AJamaroe [= Ayamaru],
Vogelkop [= Doberai Peninsula], [Maybrat Regency,
West Papua Province, Indonesia]. Collected by Leo D.
Brongersma and Willem J. Roosdorp in June 1952.
Pa retype: RMNH. RENA 30145, data as for holotype.
Derivatio nominis: The species is named for Ms
Els J. Dekker, who first recognised its distinctive
morphology in 1977.
Diagnosis: A small Sphenomorphus (SVL of both
mature specimens 50 mm), differing from all
other members of the genus in the combination
of postsupraocular present, and no division of
36
Shea, G.M.: A new species oi Sphenomorphus (Squannata: Scincidae) fronn the Doberai Peninsula ...
(plates 4-6)
tennporal scalation (prinnary, upper secondary and
lower secondary tennporal scales single, last two
supralabials undivided), but with the appearance
of a divided penultinnate supralabial created
by enlargennent of the second postsubocular,
intruding between penultinnate supralabial and
prinnary tennporal.
Description: Scalation: Rostral with a pronninent
broad dorsal lobe with convex apex, nnoderately
separating nasals; nostril in centre of nasal;
supranasals and postnasals absent; prefrontals
nnoderately (holotype) to very narrowly (paratype)
separated, supraoculars four, first two in contact
with the frontal; frontoparietals in broad nnedial
contact; interparietal with parietal eye at junction of
third and fourth quarter of length; parietals in broad
medial contact behind interparietal; transversely
dilated nuchals usually absent (a single enlarged
nuchal on the right side in the paratype), each
parietal bordered by upper secondary temporal,
a paravertebral, and one (n = 3) or two (n = 1)
intervening scales; supraciliaries 10 (holotype) -
lOL/llR (paratype), first usually narrowly separated
from frontal (in narrow contact unilaterally on the
holotype), the penultimate and last supraciliary
each divided into an upper and lower scale
(the upper part of the penultimate supraciliary
projects strongly medially, and appears as a “fifth”
supraocular, the lower part representing the upper
postocular of Taylor (1935), the lower part of the last
supraciliary equivalent to the anterior pretemporal
of Greer (1983), and the upper part of the last
supraciliary, medially contacting the frontoparietal,
representing the postsupraocular of Greer and
Shea (2004); anterior and posterior loreals equal
in height, the anterior much taller than wide, the
posterior about as wide as tall at the top, but much
narrower at the base, the anterior loreal divided into
an upper and lower scale bilaterally in the paratype;
preocular single, wedged between first supraciliary
and anterior presuboculars, excluded from contact
with the prefrontal by contact between posterior
loreal and first supraciliary, and followed by one or
two small imbricate scales between supraciliary
row and upper eyelid; presuboculars three, strongly
interdigitating with the supralabial row; suboculars
two; postsuboculars 4-5 (mean = 4.75, SD =
0.5, n = 4), the second postsubocular protruding
posteriorly between the penultimate supralabial
and primary temporal to create the impression
of a divided penultimate supralabial (however, in
other members of the S. maindroni species group,
division of this supralabial involves creation of an
upper scale overlapped by the lower scale, rather
than overlapping the lower scale, as seen here);
lower eyelid scaly, the scales along the palpebral
row small, interdigitating with taller scales below,
the central tall scales noticeably broader than
those anterior and posterior; supralabials seven,
fifth below centre of eye; postsupralabials two;
primary temporal single; upper secondary temporal
single (divided into an anterior and posterior
scale on left side of holotype) and overlapping
the single large lower secondary temporal; lower
secondary temporal overlapping upper postlabial
and a tall tertiary temporal; ear elliptical, with long
axis vertical to posterodorsally oblique; long axis
of ear shorter than width of eye, but longer than
height of eye; lobules along anterior margin of ear
absent; tympanum thin, deeply sunk; infralabials
six; postmental usually in contact with a single
infralabial on each side (holotype contacting
two on right side only); first pair of chin shields
in median contact; second pair of chin shields
separated by a median scale; third chin shield on
each side divided into a lateral and medial scale,
and medially separated by three scales; all three
pairs of chin shields laterally in contact with the
infralabials. Body scales glossy, in 30 (holotype)-33
(paratype) longitudinal rows at midbody; scales in
paravertebral rows slightly broader than adjacent
dorsal scale rows, 53 (holotype)-58 (paratype);
medial pair of preanal scales overlap lateral
preanals; scales above fourth digit basally in three
or four rows, paired over most of length of digit, only
thetwo terminal scalessingle; lamellae belowfourth
toe 20-22 (mean = 21.0, sd = 0.82, n = 4), grooved
to distinguish a bluntly keeled larger preaxial series
from a narrower, low postaxial series; a sharp line of
demarcation between large granular scales of sole
and imbricate scales of dorsum of foot posteriorly
between fourth and fifth toe.
Osteology: presacral vertebrae 26; phalangeal
formula of manus and pes 2.3.4. 5.3 and 2.3.4. 5. 4
respectively. Premaxillary teeth 9.
Measurements: The mature male holotype, with
turgid testes, has SVL 50 mm, AGL 25 mm, FLL 13
mm, HLL 19 mm; HL 11 mm; HW 8.5 mm; HD 6.7
mm. The tail is regenerated. The ovigerous female
paratype has SVL 50 mm; AGL 25.5 mm; FLL 12
mm; HLL 17.5 mm; HL 10.4 mm; HW 7.6 mm;
HD 4.6 mm. The tail is missing. Combined, AGL/
SVL = 0.5-0.51; FLL/SVL = 0.24-0.26; HLL/SVL =
0.35-0.38; sum of limb lengths/AGL = 1.16-1.28;
HL/SVL = 0.21-0.22; HW/HL = 0.73-0.77; HD/HL
= 0.44-0.61 (the lower head depth value for the
paratype may be a preservation artefact).
Coloration (in preservative): Pale dorsal ground
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
colour light yellow-brown, largely obscured by
coarse dark red-brown variegations, leaving snnall
pale spots on head, and irregular, broken narrow
pale transverse markings on body becoming more
complete and regular on tail. Face laterally brown
mottled, including labials (paratype), or with lower
parts paler (holotype); neck and body upper laterally
like dorsum, but with darker variegations slightly
darker, giving a weak impression of a broad dark
upper lateral stripe containing pale spots. Lower
laterally, neck and body yellow with weak coarse
mid-brown variegations. Tail laterally similar to
dorsum. Ventrally, yellow-cream, throat immaculate
(holotype) or with weak mid-brown flecking and a
few variegations more laterally (paratype). Limbs
above dark brown with small pale spots; below as
for body venter; plantar and palmar surfaces light
brown.
Reproduction: The female paratype has a single
shelled egg in each oviduct.
Type locality: The species was collected by
Leo Daniel Brongersma and his assistant Willem
Johannes Roosdorp (Hoogmoed 1995; 2000), on
the first of several field trips by Brongersma to Dutch
New Guinea in the 1950s (Frodin 2007). Ajamaroe
(now Ayamaru), located at approximately 1°16’S
132°11’E (Fig. 2), is on the south west shore of
Jow, the westernmost of the Ajamaru Lakes on the
Doberai Peninsula, at an altitude of approximately
300 m; the area atthe time of collection of the types
is described and illustrated by Boeseman (1963).
It is not known whether the types were collected
from the lower marshy habitat on the lake shore, or
the forested hilly country surrounding the lake, but
I suspect the latter is the more likely habitat, based
on known habitat preferences of other members
of the Sphenomorphus maindroni species group.
Further details of the region have been provided to
me by Dmitry Telnov, who visited the area in 2015
(Telnov, pers. comm.). The lakes are surrounded by
limestone karst, which takes the form of rounded
limestone mounds covered in a low but dense dry
sclerophyll whipstick forest on skeletal soils (Plate 6
figs 1-2). The eastern lakes have dried out and been
replaced with grassland, while the western lake is
much less extensive, with the exposed former lake
bed now covered by grassland, with small trees
along drainage channels entering the lake.
Comparison with other species:The presence
of a postsupraocular scale places this species in
the S. maindroni group of Greer and Shea (2004).
Within this group, S. dekkerae would key to couplet
19 usingthe key provided by Greer and Shea (2004),
along with S. brunneus, S. ioriae, S. oiigoiepis and S.
soiomonis. Of these four species, onlyS. soiomonis
occurs on the Doberai Peninsula (de Rooij 1915;
Greer 1973; Greer & Parker 1974). Sphenomorphus
dekkerae sp. nov. may be differentiated from all four
species in having no division of either of the last two
supralabials, 10-11 supraciliaries (vs a mode of 8-9
in the other four species), and a more strongly and
evenly defined pattern of dark markings on body
dorsum and flanks, with a generally transverse
orientation (vs sparser, less continuous pattern,
and with generally longitudinal orientation).
Sphenomorphus oiigoiepis, S. brunneus and S.
soiomonis have the last supralabial divided, the
penultimate supralabial undivided, the primary
temporal usually undivided (modally divided in
some populations of S. soiomonis) and the upper
and lower secondary temporals undivided; the
division of the last supralabial is into an upper and
lowerscale,theupperoverlappingthelower,andthe
two scales together covering the same field as the
last supralabial of S. dekkerae). Sphenomorphus
ioriae has further division of scales in this region. It
may further be differentiated from S. oiigoiepis by
having more numerous subdigital lamellae (20-22
vs 9-12) and midbody scales (30-33 vs 24-26), but
fewer paravertebral scales (53-58 vs 60-69), from
S. ioriae by having fewer paravertebral scales (vs
86-92), more subdigital lamellae (vs 13-16), and
the postmental contacting only a single infralabial
on each side (vs two), from S. brunneus in having
more numerous subdigital lamellae (vs 15-21)
and midbody scales (vs 25-28), and only the first
pair of chin shields in contact (vs first two pairs in
median contact). From populations of S. soiomonis
on the Doberai Peninsula and adjacent islands, S.
dekkerae additionally differs in its smaller size (SVL
50 mm vs up to 79 mm), fewer paravertebral scales
(vs 58-71), and more numerous subdigital lamellae
(vs 12-20). These differences reflect the relatively
longer limbs and shorter trunk of S. dekkerae
(sum of limb lengths/AGL 115.7-128.0% vs 67.8-
93.1%, mean = 80.9%, n = 27, for mature-sized S.
soiomonis from the region). One other described
member of the S. maindroni species group occurs
on the Doberai Peninsula, S. maindroni itself. This
species may be differentiated from S. dekkerae,
with which it shares a transversely oriented dorsal
pattern of broader dark markings and narrow
pale markings, by the more complete nature of
the pale bands, by having broadly contacting
prefrontal scales, the first two pairs of chin shields
in contact, multiple pairs of nuchal shields, more
numerous paravertebral scales (60-69) and
paravertebral scale rows much broader than those
Shea, G.M.: A new species oi Sphenomorphus (Squannata: Scincidae) fronn the Doberai Peninsula ...
(plates 4-6)
Figure 1. Head shields of paratype oi Sphenomorphus dekkerae sp. nov. in top, left and right side, and ventral view
respectively. Circunnocular scalation identified by nunnbers: 1 - Supraoculars; 2 - Supraciliaries (2’ - Division of
penultinnate supraciliary, equivalent to upper postocular; 2” - Division of last supraciliary, equivalent to postsupra-
ocular); 3 - Anterior loreal; 4 - Posterior loreal; 5 - Preocular; 6 - Presuboculars; 7 - Postsupraoculars; 8 - Subocu¬
lars [scale bar 2 nnnn].
39
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
lateral to thenn. Of species occurring in the Maluku
Archipelago to the west of the Doberai Peninsula,
only S. consobrinus is sinnilar to S. dekkerae. The
two species have sinnilar body proportions, seven
supralabials, grooved subdigital lannellae (like nnost
New Guinea Sphenomorphus), undivided tennporal
scales and modally lack nuchal scales (occasionally
having one nuchal unilaterally), but differ in that S.
consobrinus lacks a postsupraocular scale, has
no division of the supralabial scales, has broadly
contacting prefrontal scales, the postmental
contacting the first two infralabials on each side,
and has the second and third pair of chin shields
separated from the infralabials by an oblique row of
interposed scales, and is much smaller (maximum
SVL 38 mm). Further, as reported by Greer (1977),
S. consobrinus has only a single oviduct, while S.
dekkerae, like most Sphenomorphus, has two.
Sphenomorphus consobrinus (Peters et Doria,
1878) (Fig. 3, plate 5 figs 1-2)
Syntypes 7 specimens: MSNG 2787b, Batjan [= Pulau
Bacan], collected by Antonie Augustus Bruijn in 1875
(Capocaccia, 1961). While Bruijn’s localities are often
imprecise or incorrect (Heij 2011), there would seem to
be no reason to doubt the type locality in this case, as it
is close to other known localities for the species.
References: Lygosoma {Hinuiia) consobrinum
Peters et Doria, 1878: 342.
Redescription. Diagnosis: A very small
Sphenomorphus (maximum SVL 38 mm), with last
two supralabials, primary and upper and lower
secondary temporals undivided, postsupraocular
absent, lamellae below fourth toe grooved, and
second and third pair of chin shields separated
from infralabials by an interposed row of oblique
scales.
Description: Scalation: Rostral with a prominent
broad dorsal lobe with convex apex, moderately
separating nasals; nostril in centre of nasal;
supranasals and postnasals absent; prefrontals
usually in moderate to broad medial contact (n
= 14 of 17), rarely narrow contact, point contact
or narrowly separated (one specimen each);
supraoculars four, first two in contact with the
frontal; fro nto pari eta Is in broad medial contact;
interparietal with parietal eye at junction of second
and third third of length; parietals in broad medial
contact behind interparietal; transversely dilated
nuchals 0-2 on each side, usually absent (n =
17 of 22 sides), each parietal bordered by and
overlapping the upper secondary temporal, a
paravertebral scale, and no (n = 1), one (n = 6) or
two (n = 3) intervening scales; supraciliaries 7-9,
usually eight (9 of 14 sides), first in point to narrow
contact with frontal, the penultimate divided
into an upper and lower scale (the upper part of
which does not project strongly medially, and the
lower part equivalent to the upper postocular
of Taylor, 1935), and the last representing the
anterior pretemporal of Greer (1983); anterior
and posterior loreals each single, equal in height.
Figure 2. Position of type locality ot Sphenomorphus dekkerae sp. nov. on Doberai Peninsula.
Shea, G.M.: A new species oi Sphenomorphus (Squannata: Scincidae) fronn the Doberai Peninsula ...
(plates 4-6)
the anterior taller than wide, the posterior a little
wider at the top, but slightly narrower at the base;
preocular single, wedged between first supraciliary
and anterior presuboculars, excluded fronn contact
with the prefrontal by contact between posterior
loreal and first supraciliary, and followed by two
snnall imbricate scales between supraciliary row
and upper eyelid; presuboculars usually three (18
of 22 sides) or four, strongly interdigitating with the
supralabial row; suboculars one (10 of 22 sides)
or two; postsuboculars four (11 of 22 sides) or
five, first strongly interdigitating with supralabials,
last equivalent to posterior pretemporal of Greer
(1983); lower eyelid scaly, the scales along the
palpebral rowsmall, interdigitating with taller scales
below, the central tall scales only slightly broader
than those anterior and posterior; supralabials
seven (n = 32 of 34 sides) or eight, fifth (or sixth,
when a total of eight) below centre of eye, between
last presuboculars and first postsubocular, last
two undivided; postsupralabials two; primary
temporal single (divided into an upper and lower
scale bilaterally in one individual); upper secondary
temporal single and overlapping the single large
lower secondary temporal; lower secondary
temporal overlapping upper postlabial and a tall
tertiary temporal; ear elliptical, with long axis
vertical; long axis of ear shorter than width of eye,
but equal to height of eye; lobules along anterior
margin of ear absent; tympanum thin, deeply sunk;
infralabials seven; postmental in contact with first
two infralabials on each side (bilaterally one on
one individual); first pair of chin shields in medial
contact; second pair of chin shields separated by
a median scale; third pair of chin shields medially
separated by three scales; laterally, only first pair
of chin shields in contact with infralabials, second
and third pairs separated from infralabials by one
row of oblique scales. Body scales glossy, in 29-
34 longitudinal rows at midbody (mean = 31.4,
sd = 2.37, n = 17); scales in paravertebral rows
very slightly broader than adjacent dorsal scale
rows, 47-56 (mean = 50.3, sd = 3.15, n = 16)
from first scale behind parietal to level of anterior
margin of hindlimb; medial pair of preanal scales
overlap lateral preanals; body scales apparently
loosely attached to underlying subcutis, as many
specimens have patches of dorsal, lateral or ventral
scales torn away (“tear-away scales” of Greer
1986, previously only reported for some Lerista
and Ctenotus species among skinks); scales above
fourth digit basally in 3-4 rows, three over most
of the proximal phalanx, paired from the base of
the second phalanx, and with only the two or three
terminal scales single; lamellae below fourth toe
17-25 (mean = 20.2, sd = 1.99, n = 33), grooved
to distinguish a larger and more projecting preaxial
series from a narrower, low postaxial series; a
sharp line of demarcation between large granular
scales of sole and imbricate scales of dorsum of
foot posteriorly between fourth and fifth toe.
Osteology: presacral vertebrae 26; postsacral
vertebrae 35 (n = 1); phalangeal formula of manus
and pes 2. 3.4. 5.3 and 2.3.4. 5.4 respectively.
Premaxillary teeth 9 (n = 1).
Measurements: SVL 22-38.5 mm (n = 16, only
two less than 30.5 mm); AGL/SVL = 0.451-0.526
(mean = 0.476, n = 11); FLL/SVL = 0.211-0.295
(mean = 0.244, n = 11) ; HLL/SVL = 0.342-0.422
(mean = 0.388, n = 11); sum of limb lengths/AGL
= 1.050-1.550, mean = 1.323, n = 11); HL/SVL
= 0.200-0.264 (mean = 0.220, n = 11); HW/HL
= 0.654-0.716 (mean = 0.685, n = 11; HD/HL =
0.455-0.554 (mean = 0.513, n = 10).
Coloration (in preservative): Pale dorsal ground
colour yellow-brown, overlain by sparse but coarse
dark brown bars and blotches, which may coalesce
to form weak irregular dark transverse bands.
Tail dorsum may be similar or immaculate pale.
A narrow dark brown upper lateral stripe or zone
beginning indistinctly across loreals, then from
postoculars, above ear, and along neck and body,
breaking into a series of dark blotches near groin
and onto tail base. Stripe has irregular margins
and variably contains pale spots, and is narrowly
bordered above with pale yellow on neck and
sometimes further posteriorly. Lower laterally,
face, body and tail yellow to cream with weak,
sparse brown reticulum or spotting. Labial scales
with dark brown margins. Venter yellow to cream,
throat with sparse thin brown streaks, body and tail
immaculate. Limbs dark brown with small yellow
spots dorsally, yellow/cream below; palmar and
plantar surfaces light brown, fading to yellow.
Differential diagnosis: The absence of a
postsupraocular scale excludes this species
from the S. maindroni group. It differs from
Glaphyromorphus Wells, Wellington, 1984 species,
which it otherwise superficially resembles, and
most Sphenomorphus species outside New Guinea
in having grooved subdigital lamellae. It further
differs from almost all Sphenomorphus species
in the Indonesian archipelago and New Guinea
in having no fragmentation of the temporal and
posterior supralabial scales. Only S. buettikoferi
(Lidth de Jeude, 1905), S. capitolythos Shea &
Michels, 2008 (replacement name for S. keiensis
(Kopstein, 1926)) and S. rufus (Boulenger,
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
1887) annong the Indonesian species agree with
S. consobrinus in having a generally prinnitive
tennporal configuration consisting of a single
prinnary tennporal, single lower secondary tennporal,
single upper secondary tennporal overlapping
the lower, and last two supralabials undivided.
Sphenomorphus consobrinus differs fronn all three
of these species in having the second and third
chin shields separated fronn the infralabials by a
single row of oblique scales.
Discussion
The description of Sphenomorphus dekkerae
adds a third reptile species only known fronn
the lowlands of the western side of the Doberai
Peninsula. Previously, Brongersnna (1953) described
Lygosoma {Leiolopisma) venemai (now Lipinia
venemai) fronn the sanne region as S. dekkerae, and
earlier (Brongersnna 1930) he described Gehyra
leopoldi fronn the vicinity of Sorong. I ann aware
of at least one other Sphenomorphus awaiting
description fronn the Ayannaru area. In a review of
areas of endennisnn in Indonesian Papua, Allison
(2007b) did not identify the western lowlands of the
Doberai Peninsula. Instead, the identified areas of
endennisnn in Indonesian New Guinea were nnostly
high altitude ranges and islands. However, the
recognised areas of endennisnn largely parallel the
areas of Indonesian New Guinea that have been
subject to collection, with large intervening areas
fronn which few or no species are known, and nnay
instead reflect collection intensity rather than
endennisnn.
Specimens examined
Sphenomorphus brunneus Greer, Parker, 1974
Material exannined: 151 specinnens, MCZ R83332-
34, R99958-69, R99974-93, R100514-48, R101418-
47, R101453-83, Karinnui, Sinnbu Province, PNG;
R90200-04, Bonnai, live Plateau, Sinnbu Province, PNG;
R101186, Uraru, Gulf Province, PNG; R101485, Weiana,
Gulf Province, PNG; R101486-87, between Cannp III and
Weiana, Gulf Province, PNG; R101500-01, R102539,
Oroi [= Orloli], Gulf Province, PNG; R102169, Ining
River at Soliabedo, Sinnbu Province, PNG; R105552,
ludo, Sinnbu Province, PNG; 130884, Soliabedo, Sinnbu
Province, PNG; R141061-62, Emeti, Western Province,
PNG; R146039, Erare, Southern Highlands Province,
PNG; R150866, 30km N, 14 km W Kikori, Kikori River,
Gulf Province, PNG.
Sphenomorphus buettikoferi (van Lidth de Jeude,
1905)
Material examined: 3 specimens, RMNH.RENA
4471, 30753-54 (syntypes). Mount Liang Koeboeng,
Borneo [= Gunung Liang Kubung, Sintang Regency, West
Kalimantan].
Sphenomorphus capitolythos Shea, Michels,
2008
Material examined: 1 specimen, RMNH.RENA 5088
(holotype), Elat, Gross-Kei [= Elat, Pulau Kei Besar,
Southeast Maluku Regency].
Sphenomorphus consobrinus (Peters, Doria,
1878)
Material examined: 23 specimens, MSNG 27875
(n = 7, syntypes), SMF 14455, MCZ 33531 (ex SMF),
Batjan [= Pulau Bacan]; SMF 14457-58, 14460, Patani,
[Central Halmahera Regency], Halmahera; USNM
159970, Wama airstrip, [Pulau] Morotai, 237660,
Jikodolong, Pulau Obi; BYU 7598-7600, 7789, 8896,
MCZ 93394-95 (ex BYU 7735, 7742, respectively), CAS
SU11958 (ex BYU), CM 25531, Pulau Morotai.
Sphenomorphus loriae (Boulenger, 1897)
Material examined: 8 specimens, BMNH
1946.8.3.39 (formerly 97.12.10.26, syntype), MSNG
29114a-b (syntypes), Moroka, Central Province, PNG;
UPNG 1028-32, Efogi, Central Province, PNG.
Sphenomorphus maindroni (Sauvage, 1879)
Material examined: 7 specimens, MNHP 5267
(holotype), Haas [= Wasei, Sorong Regency, Doberoi
Peninsula]; MSNG unregistered, Sorong, [Doberai
Peninsula]; RMNH.RENA 7296, Fak Fak; 29879,
Erokwari [= Erokwero, Doberai Peninsula]; 29880, Pasir
Poetih, Manokwari, [Doberai Peninsula]; 29881, Base,
Biak I. [= Pulau Biak]; 30146, AJamaroe [= Ayamaru].
Sphenomorphus oligolepis (Boulenger, 1914)
Material examined: 6 specimens, BMNH
1946.8.3.47-48 (formerly 1913.10.31.175-176,
syntypes), Mimika River; RMNH.RENA 10364, Boven-
Digoel [= Tanah Merah, Boven-Digoel Regency], 18365,
Bivak I., Lorentz River [= Pulau Bivak, Sungai Unir, Asmat
Regency], 29877, Takum, Kamp Nijob [= Nyop, Takum
River, Boven-Digoel Regency], 29978, Tanah Merah,
[Boven-Digoel Regency].
Sphenomorphus rufus (Boulenger, 1887)
Material examined: 1 specimen, BMNH
1946.8.16.92 (formerly 82.8.29.186, holotype), Wokan,
Aru Islands [= Pulau Wokam, Kepulauan Aru Regency].
Sphenomorphus solomonis (Boulenger, 1887)
Material examined: 33 specimens, RMNH.RENA
42826, 48360-66, AJamaroe [= Ayamaru]; 42827, 15
km E of AJamaroe; 47829-30, Seta, [= Setta, Maybrat
42
Shea, G.M.: A new species oi Sphenomorphus (Squannata: Scincidae) fronn the Doberai Peninsula ...
(plates 4-6)
Regency, Doberai Peninsula]; 48335, Manokwari,
[Doberai Peninsula]; 48336, 48353-55, DJidnnaoe
[= Jitnnau], 15 knn E of AJannaroe, [Maybrat Regency,
Doberai Peninsula]; 48337, Kotjewere [= Kotjewer,
Doberai Peninsula]; 48338, Konnara, [Doberai
Peninsula]; 48339, 48343, Base, Biak I. [= Pulau Biak];
48341, Erokwera [= Erokwero, Doberai Peninsula];
48342, Annbaidiroe [= Annbiadiru, Pulau Yapen]; 48344-
49,48386-87, Seroei [= Serui, Pulau Japen]; 48352,
Kannboeaja [= Kannbuaya, Maybrat Regency, Doberai
Peninsula]; 48356-57, Kanneri, Noennfoor I. [= Pulau
Nunnfoor].
Acknowledgements
IthankMarinus Hoognnoed (fornnerly RMNH)for
allowing nne to exannine and subsequently borrow
for further exannination the two types of the new
species, as well as other connoarative nnaterial, and
Figure 3. Head shields oi Sphenomorphus consobrinus (Peters et Doria, 1878) (SMF 14457). Circunnocular
scalation identified by sanne nunnbers as in Fig. 1 [scale bar 2 nnnn].
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Finn Arntzen, Esther Dondorp, and Ronald de Ruiter
for assistance on nny subsequent visits to the RMNH
collection. Gunther Kohler (SMF), Colin McCarthy
(BMNH), Steve Rodgers (CM) Jack Sites (BYU) and
George Zug (USNM) kindly loaned connparative
nnaterial, while Jose Rosado (MCZ), Guiliano Doria
(MSNG) and Rose Singuadan (UPNG) allowed nne
to exannine nnaterial in those collections. Maria
Bruna Invernici and Massinno Petri assisted during
my visit to the MSNG collection. Dmitry Telnov (The
Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga) provided
notes and photographs of the Ayamaru region based
on his visits to the area. Bozena Jantulik prepared
the final versions of the head drawings, and Carl
Bento (Australian Museum, Sydney) provided the
photograph for plate.
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48
Bordoni, a.: Xantholinini of the Australasian Region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), X. New species and new records ...
Xantholinini of the Australasian Region (Coleoptera:
Staphylinidae), X. New species and new records
from New Guinea and Australia
272° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae
Arnaldo Bordoni
Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Universita di Firenze, sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”, via Romana
11, 1-50125, Firenze, Italy; e-mail: arnaldo.bordoni@fastwebnet.lt
Abstract: In this contribution the followingspecies are described and illustrated for the cited regions: Thyreocephalus
alveolatus sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), T. litoreus sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), T. oculeus sp. nov. (Australia),
Eachamia karkarsp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), Mitomorphus okapaensis sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), and Andelis
guineanus sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea). New records are listed; Guineodinella hornabrookiana Bordoni, 2010 is
newly recorded for Papua New Guinea.
Key words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Xantholinini, new species, new records, Thyreocephalus, Eachamia,
Mitomorphus, Andelis, Australasian Region.
Introduction and material
In the material received in study from some
institutions and private collections, I found several
species of Xantholinini from the Australasian
Region. An important part comes from the
Naturhistorisches Museum in Basel and from
the Manchester Museum, through the useful
collaboration respectively of Matthias Borer and
Dmitri Logunov. In particular, Logunov sent me
specimens from Last’s collection and found the
essential localities indications in a notebook of this
author. Last has studied some specimens collected
by R. Hornabrook in New Guinea often with
erroneous identifications (Last 1980). Some other
of his species have remained in litteris, preserved in
the Manchester Museum. Numerous species have
been described in the revision of the Xantholinini of
this island and surrounding islands (Bordoni 2010).
Others are described in these pages.
All label text is reproduced as in originals. All
taxa are listed systematically.
Abbreviations used in the text:
CAB - collection Bordoni, Firenze, Italy;
CTI - collection Ito, Kyoto, Japan;
CJN - collection Nunn, Dunedin, New Zealand;
ISBD - Institute of Systennatic Biology, Daugavpils,
Latvia;
MM - Manchester Museunn, United Kingdonn;
NHMB - Naturhistorisches Museunn Basel, Switzerland;
NMW - Naturhistorisches Museunn Wien, Austria;
ex. - specimen;
exx - specimens;
Isl. - island(s);
m - meter;
Papua NG - Papua New Guinea (country);
riv. - river;
vill. - village.
Taxonomic part
Thyreocephalus flavus Last, 1980
Examined material: 2 exx NHMB: Papua NG, Madang
prov., Ohu vill., near Gum, 5.13S, 145.41E, 150 m, L.
Cizek I-II.2001; 2 exx CAB: same data.
Distribution: The species is known from
Indonesian New Guinea (Cyclops Mts.) and Papua
NG (Morobe, Madang) (Bordoni 2010).
Thyreocephalus taltlensis (Boheman, 1858)
Examined material: 1 ex. ISBD: W Papua, S Bird’s
Neck, Kaimana,40 km ETriton Bay, Lobovill. 03°44’08S,
134°05’40E, M.Kalnins 16.IX.2010; 1 ex. NHMB: Papua
NG, Madang prov., Baitabag vill. 50 m, 5.08S, 145.46E,
49
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
L CizekVI-VII.1999.
Distribution: Tahiti, Sannoa, New Caledonia,
Hebrides, Aru, Bisnnarck, Solonnon, New Guinea
(Bordoni 2010) and New Zealand (introduced)
(Bordoni 2005b).
Thyreocephalus volubilis Bordoni, 2010
Examined material: 2 exx MM: Papua NG, Okapa, R.
Hornabrook VII. 1965.
Distribution: This species is known fronn Papua
NG and Normannby Isl. (Bordoni 2010).
Note: The specinnens bear the label
“Thyreocephalus vulgaris Last, Paratype” (in
litteris).
Thyreocephalus onerunkanus Bordoni, 2010
Examined material: 1 ex. MM: Papua NG, Morobe
Prov., Wau, 1100 m, 7.20S, 146.43E, L Cezek 25-28.
IX.2000.
Distribution: This species is known fronn Papua
NG (Bordoni 2010).
Thyreocephalus alveolatus sp. nov. (Figs 1-2)
Holotype $ MM: Papua NG, (East Sepik prov.),
Blackwater riv., R, Hornabrook VI. 1974 (MM).
Paratypes 3 exx: 2$ MM & 1$ CAB: same data as in
holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet refers
to the Latin “alveolatus” (- a -unn) - hollowed, in
relation to the puncturation on head.
Description: Length of body 16 nnnn; fronn anterior
nnargin of head to posterior margin of elytra: 9 mm.
Body black with reddish brown elytra and darker
scutellum; last three visible abdominal segments
reddish. Head sub-rectangular, proportionally small,
with a little rounded sides and largely rounded
posterior angles. Eyes large, slightly protruding.
Head and pronotum and related puncturation as
in Fig 1. Labrum as in Fig. 2. Puncturation of head
deep and dense, almost forming striae, with long
yellowish setae, especially on the sides. Elytra sub-
rectangular, longer than pronotum, narrower than it
at the anterior angles, with marked humeral angles.
Surface with dense, deep puncturation, arranged
in numerous series.
Distribution: The species is known only from the
type locality.
Note: The holotype specimen bears the label
“Thyreocephalus alveus Last, Paratype” (in litteris).
The species is isolated between the Thyreocephalus
Guerin-Meneville, 1844 from New Guinea by the
colouration and by the puncturation of head and
elytra.
Thyreocephalus lltoreus sp. nov. (Figs 3-7)
Holotype 6' NHMB: Papua NG, Madang prov., Ohu vill.,
near Gum, 150 m, 5.13S, 145. 41E, L. Cizek VI.2001.
Derivatio nominis: The specific epithet refers to
the Latin “litoreus” (-a -urn) - coastal, in relation to
the type locality, near the sea.
Description: Length of body 12.5 mm; from
anterior margin of head to posterior margin of elytra:
7 mm. Body robust, broad, black with red elytra,
black scutellum, reddish brown dark abdomen; 6^^
visible abdominal segment and genital segment
reddish; head with bronze reflexes; antennae
reddish with yellowish last four segments; reddish
legs. Head and pronotum and related puncturation
as in Fig. 3. Labrum as in Fig. 4. Clypeus and lateral
portion of pronotum whit wrinkled oblique striature.
Elytra sub-rectangular, longer and wider than
pronotum, with sub-parallel and sub-rectilinear
sides and marked humeral angles. Surface with
superficial traces of transverse micro-striation and
1
Figures 1-2. Thyreocephalus alveolatus sp. nov.,
1 - Forebody; 2 - Labrum [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Bordoni, a.: Xantholinini of the Australasian Region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), X. New species and new records ...
large, superficial, dense puncturation. Tergite and
sternite of the nnale genital segnnent as in Figs 5-6.
Aedeagus (Fig. 7) 1.92 nnnn long, ovoid elongate,
with pronninent nnedian lobe; paranneres long
and arched; inner sac tape-like, covered with fine
spinulae.
Distribution: The species is known only fronn the
type locality.
Note: This species is the only Thyreocephalus
on New Guinea with red elytra, apart fronn the
introduced T. australis Bordoni, 2005 that differs
evidently by the shape and size of the body,
puncturation of elytra, and by the aedeagus.
Thyreocephalus arnhemensis Bordoni, 2005
Exannined nn ate rial: 1 ex. CAB: Australia, NT, Victoria
river. Roadhouse, leg. ? 9.X.2012; 1 ex. CJN: NT,
Darwing, Conawarra, leg. ? 29.IX-3.X.2011; 1 ex. CJN:
QLD, Revernshoe, Archer river, leg. ? 4.IX.2011.
Distribution: This species is known fronn Northern
Territory, North of Western Australia and North
Queensland (Bordoni 2005a).
Thyreocephalus oculeus sp. nov. (Figs 8-12)
Holotype 6' NH MB: Australia, North QLD, Lyons Lookout
Massnnan (Cairns), G. Minet II-VIII.1988.
Pa raty pe 1$ CAB: sanne data as in holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet refers to
the Latin “oculeus” (- a -unn) - sharp-eyed, in relation
to the very big eyes.
Description: Length of body 13 nnnn; fronn anterior
nnargin of head to posterior nnargin of elytra: 7
nnnn. Body reddish brown dark, with reddish lateral
nnargins and hunneral angles of elytra; posterior
nnargin of 6^^ visible abdonninal segnnent and
genital segnnent yellowish; antennae reddish brown
with yellowish last three segnnents; legs reddish
brown. Flead rounded, with very large and ainnost
flat eyes. Clypeus with longitudinal nnicro-striature;
all the surface of head with fine nnicro-puncturation.
Flead and pronotunn and related puncturation as in
Fig. 8. Labrunn as in Fig. 9. Elytra sub-quadrate, as
long as pronotunn, dilated forward, where they are
a little wider than pronotunn, with rounded hunneral
angles. Surface with nunnerous, fine, dense
punctures, arranged in nunnerous, closed series.
Abdonnen with evident, dense puncturation. Tergite
and sternite of the nnale genital segnnent as in Figs
10-11. Aedeagus (Fig. 12) 1.88 nnnn long, ovoid
elongate, with slightly pronninent, long nnedian lobe;
paranneres narrow and arched; inner sac tape-like,
long and narrow, covered with fine spinulae.
Distribution: The species is known only fronn the
type locality.
Note: This species is related to Thyreocephalus
volubllls Bordoni, 2005 (Papua NG & Nornnanby Is.)
for sonne external characters but differs fronn the
congenerics of the Australasian Region by shape
and size of eyes, puncturation, colouration, and
aedeagus.
Gulneodinella gigantula (Bernhauer, 1915)
Exannined nnaterial: 1 ex. CTI: Irian Jaya, Duebey
nneni, Mts Arfak, 1300 nn, K. Sakamaki V.2011; 1 ex.
NHMB: Papua NG, Bulolo, J. Sedlacek 11.1972; 1 ex.
NHMB: same data, 11.11.1974.
Distribution: This species is known fronn
Indonesian New Guinea and Papua NG (Bordoni
2010).
Note: All the cited specinnens, in poor conditions,
are labelled “Thyreocephalus hornabrooki Last” (in
litteris). The genus Gulneodinella was described
(Bordoni 2010) for sonne species of New Guinea,
previously referred to Thyreocephalus.
Figures 3-7. Thyreocephalus litoreus sp. nov., (5'.
3 - Forebody [scale bar 0.5 mm]; 4 - Labrum; 5 - Ter¬
gite of the male genital segment; 6 - Sternite of the
same; 5 - Aedeagus [scale bar 0.1 mm].
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Guineodinella hornabrookiana Bordoni, 2010
Exannined nnaterial: 1 ex. CAB: Papua NG, Nonnan
Chinnba, Hornabrook VIII. 1972; 1 ex. MM: Papua NG,
Marifunga, R. Hornabrook 25.IV.1972; 1 exx MM: sanne
data, Asa ro-Ch inn bu Divide, R. Hornabrook 25. IV.1972.
Distribution: This species was known only fronn
Indonesian New Guinea (Bordoni 2010) until now.
New record for Papua NG.
Paracorynus arecae (Broun, 1880)
Examined material: lex. NMW, New Zealand, Nelson,
Reitter.
Distribution: This species is known fronn New
Zealand, especially in North Island (Bordoni
2005b).
Eachamia karkarsjp. nov. (Figs 13-16)
Holotype 6' MM: Papua NG, Karkar Isl., R. Hornabrook
X.1968.
Paratypes 7 exx: 1$ MM: same data as in holotype;
1$ CAB: same data as in holotype but 4.V.1969; 16'
CAB: (Kimbu prov.), Karimui, R. Hornabrook 19.111.1966;
1$ MM: Marifunga (Chimbu-Asaro), R. Hornabrook
27.11.1971; 1$ MM: (Morobe prov.), Saruwaged Range, R.
Hornabrook 11.1966; 1(6, 1$ MM: Okapa, R. Hornabrook
6.11.1965.
Figures 8-12. Thyreocephalus oculeus sp. nov., (6.
8 - Forebory [scale bar 0.5 mm]; 9 - Labrum; 10 - Ter-
gite of the male genital segment; 11 - Stern ite of the
same; 12 - Aedeagus [scale bar 0.1 mm].
Derive tie nonninis: The specific epithet refers to
the type locality, as a noun in apposition.
Description: Length of body 14 mm; fronn anterior
margin of head to posterior margin of elytra: 7 mm.
Large species, characterized by bronze reflexes
and big head. Body uniformly reddish brown, with
evident bronze reflexes; last four antennomeres
yellowish pale. Head broad, sub-quadrate, with
largely rounded posterior angles. Eyes large, a little
protuberant. Surface of head shiny, with longitudinal
micro-striature on clypeus, with a big puncture
near the anterior margin of eyes and 2 punctures
below the eyes; some punctures near the posterior
margin. Labrum as in Fig. 13. Pronotum massive,
longer than head, as wide as it. Surface shiny,
with the usual puncture near the anterior angles.
Surface with dense, deep, minute puncturation,
arranged in numerous series. Abdomen with
transverse micro-striature and evident, not sparse
puncturation. Tergite and sternite of the male
genital segment as in Figs 14-15. Aedeagus (Fig.
16) 1.66 mm long, ovoid, with a little prominent
median lobe; parameres short, arched and narrow;
inner sac tape-like, narrow and long, covered with
fine spinulae.
Distribution: The species is known only from the
type locality.
Note: This species differs from the congeneric by
big size, shape of eyes, and aedeagus.
Mitomorphus punctatissimus Bordoni, 2010
Examined material: 1 (6 MM, Papua NG, (Western
prov.), Tububil, R. Hornabrook 15.X.1971.
Distribution: The species is known from Papua
NG (Madang, Morobe, Eastern Highlands) (Bordoni
2010).
Note: The specimen bears the label “Xantholinus
hornabrooki Last / Paratype” (in litteris).
Mitomorphus okapaensis sp. nov. (Figs 17-19)
Holotype (6 MM: Papua NG, Okapa, R. Hornabrook
11.VII.1965
Paratypes 3 exx: 1$ CAB & 1$ MM: same data as
in holotype; 1$ MM: same data as in holotype but
25.IX.1965.
Derivatio nominis: The specific epithet refers to
the type locality.
Description: Length of body 5 mm; from anterior
margin of head to posterior margin of elytra:
2.8 mm. Body entirely reddish brown dark, with
testaceous antennae and legs. Very similar to M.
budemuensis Bordoni, 2010 (Papua NG: Finisterre
Mts.) in the external characters but shorter, with
52
Bordoni, a.: Xantholinini of the Australasian Region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), X. New species and new records ...
sub-ovoidal head with nnore rounded sides; eyes
a little protruding; elytra sub-quadrate, with very
fine puncturation, arranged in three series, one
juxtasutural, one median and one lateral. Tergite
and sternite of the male genital segment as in Figs
17-18. Aedeagus (Fig. 19) 0.96 mm long, ovoid
elongate, with asymmetric parameres; inner sac
with two parallel series of short spines.
Distribution: The species is known only from the
type locality.
Note: The specimens bear labels “Mitomorphus
saltus Last / Paratype” (in litter is).
Andelis guineanus sp. nov. (Figs 20-23)
Holotype 6' MM: Papua NG, Okapa prov., Oriana, R.
Hornabrook 8.XII.1972.
Paratype 16' CAB: same data as in holotype.
Derivatio nominis: The specific epithet refers to
New Guinea.
Description: Length of body 4.4 mm;from anterior
margin of head to posterior margin of elytra: 2.6 mm.
Figures 13-19. Xantholinini from New Guinea.
13-6: Eachamia karkarsp. nov., (6. 13 - Labrum; 14 -
Tergite of the male genital segment; 15 - Sternite of the
same; 16 - Aedeagus [scale bar 0.1 mm]; 17-19: Mi-
tomorphus okapaensis sp. nov., S. 17 - Tergite of the
male genital segment; 18 - Sternite of the same; 19 -
Aedeagus [scale bar 0.1 mm].
Body (Fig. 20) characterized by the reddish brown
colouration, with black head, by the very narrow
neck, the very evident, dense puncturation of head.
Flead proportionally large, convex, sub-rectangular,
with slightly rounded sides, and largely rounded
posterior angles. Eyes small, a little protuberant.
Surface of head with deep, regular, areolate, dense
puncturation, apart from the clypeus, lateral portion
and a narrow median band. Pronotum small, very
narrow, much narrower and shorter than head,
with oblique anterior margins, rounded anterior
angles, and sinuate sides. Surface with superficial
transverse micro-striation and with superficial
numerous but not dense puncturation, apart from
a median band. Elytra very large and long, longer
and wider than pronotum, a little dilated posteriad,
with marked humeral angles. Surface with very
fine, dense punctation, arranged in numerous
series. Abdomen with transverse micro-striature
and sparse puncturation. Tergite and sternite of the
male genital segment as in Figs 21-22. Aedeagus
(Fig. 23) 0.55 mm long, totally membranous, apart
from the long and narrow, parallel parameres; inner
sac apparently not visible.
Figures 20-23. Andelis guineanus sp. nov., S. 20 - Fore¬
body and elytra [scale bar 0.5 mm]; 21 - Tergite of the
male genital segment; 22 - Sternite of the same; 23 -
Aedeagus [scale bar 0.1 mm].
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Distribution: The species is known only fronn the
type locality.
Note: These specinnens bear labels “Mitomorphus
punctatus Last / Paratype” (in litteris). As in other
cases, the specinnens do not bear labels of locality
but a synnbol that correspond to indications tracked
on a notebook of Last. The locality is recognized by
the useful collaboration of the colleague Logunov
of the Manchester Museunn. Only one species
{Andelis minutulus Bordoni, 2010) fronn Solonnon
Isl., different in size, colouration, shape of the
body, aedeagus, is known fronn the Papuan Region
(Bordoni 2010). The new species is the first Anc/e//s
Bordoni, 2002 known fronn New Guinea.
Acknowledgements
I wish to thank the colleagues for providing the
nnaterial to this study: M. Borer (Naturhistorisches
Museunn Basel, Switzerland), T. Ito (Kyoto, Japan),
D. Logunov (Manchester Museunn, Manchester,
United Kingdonn), J. Nunn (Dunedin, New Zealand),
H. Schillhannnner (Naturhistorisches Museunn Wien,
Austria), and A. Shavrin (Institute of Systennatic
Biology, Daugavpils, Latvia).
References
Bernhauer M. 1915. Beitrage zur Staphylinidenfauna
von Neu-Guinea. - Deutsche Entomologische
Zeitschrift 179-202.
Boheman C.H. 1858. Coleoptera. Species novas
descripsit: 1-112. In: Kongliga Svenska Fregatten
Eugenies resa omkring jorden under befal af C.A.
Virgin, Aren 1851-1853. Zooiogi i. insecta [1858-
1859]. P.A. Norstedt & Soner, Stockholm.
Bordoni A. 2005a. Revision of the Xantholinini of
Australia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Monografie
dei Museo regionaie di Scienze naturaii Torino 42:
435-614.
Bordoni A. 2005b. Revisione degli Xantholinini della
Nuova Zelanda (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). -
Boiiettino dei Museo regionaie di Scienze naturaii
Torino 22, No 2: 329-442.
Bordoni A. 2010. Revisione degli Xantholinini della Nuova
Guinea e delle isole austromalesi (Coleoptera,
Staphylinidae). - Boiiettino dei Museo regionaie di
Scienze naturaii, Torino 27, No 2: 253-635.
Bordoni A. 2012. Xantholinini of the Australasian
Region. IV. A new genus from Australia and new
records (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Fragmenta
entomoiogica 44, No 1: 71-78.
Broun T. 1880. Manuai of the New Zeaiand Coieoptera.
Part i. Colonial Museum and Geological Survey
Department, Wellington: 651 pp.
Last H.R. 1980. Records of New Guinea Staphylinidae
(Coleoptera) in the Hungarian Natural History
Museum. - Annaies historico-naturaies Musei
nationaiis hungarici 72: 155-161.
Received: 21.01.2017.
54
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and
Mirinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Baiteta
Forest, Papua New Guinea, with a discussion of their
feeding habits and a list of species of the country
Frederic Cherot Jacek Gorczyca Michael D. Schwartz ^ & Thierry Demol ^
1 Departement de I’Etude du Milieu naturel et agricole, DG03 Agriculture, Ressources naturelles
et Environnement, Service public de Wallonie, 23 avenue Marechal Juin, B-5030, Gembloux,
Belgique; e-mails: frederic.cherot@spw.wallonie.be (Corresponding author), thierry.demol@spw.
wallonie.be
2 University of Silesia, Department of Zoology, Bankowa 9, PL-40-007, Katowice, Poland; e-mail:
jacek.gorczyca@us.edu.pl
3 Research Associate, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
c/o: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, KIA 0C6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; e-mail: mds81052@
hotmail.com
Abstract: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae (Miridae) of Baiteta Forest, a coastal forest of
Madang Province, eastern Papua New Guinea, are studied. Three genera and seven species are described as
new: Baitetacoris turschi gen. nov., sp. nov., Carpinterocoris brailovskyi gen. nov., sp. nov., Missacoris sigwaltae
gen. nov., sp. nov., Peritropis graziae sp. nov., Prolygus ehannoi sp. nov., Prolygus polhemusorum sp. nov. and
Sabactiopus zhengi sp. nov. The following new connbinations are established: Diognetus pilosus (Poppius, 1914a)
new connbination and Sabactiopus formosus (Distant, 1904a) new connbination. A lectotype is designated for
Diognetus intonsus Distant, 1904c, valid nanne and for Diognetus iituratus (Distant, 1909b) new junior synonynn.
Garainamiris antennatus Carvalho, 1981b is transferred fronn the tribe Deraeocorini to the tribe Saturn ionnirini new
tribal assignnnent (Deareocorinae). Guisardinus neoguineanus Carvalho in Carvalho & Gross, 1979 and Paiaucoris
novaguineae (Ghauri, 1975) are redescribed, as the nnale genitalia of Eurystyius costaiis Stal, 1871. The Fennale
genitalia of Ari slope pi us divisus (Walker, 1873b), Aristopepius imperiaiis Poppius, 1912a, Garainamiris antennatus
Carvalho, 1981b, Eurystyius costaiis Stal, 1871, imogen fasciatus Carvalho, 1983, imogen papuensis Carvalho,
1983, Macroiygus rubrus (Carvalho, 1987b), Macroiygus viriduius Yasunaga, 1992, Paiaucoris novaguineae
(Ghauri, 1975), Proiygus erimensis (Poppius, 1914a), Warrisia huonensis (Poppius, 1914b), Waucoris keyensis
(Poppius, 1915a), Waucoris iongipes (Poppius, 1915a) and Waucoris papuanus (Poppius, 1915a) are described
for the first tinne. A key is provided for the species of Macroiygus Yasunaga, 1992 and for the Papuan Waucoris
Carvalho, 1987b. The host-plants of the Miridae specinnens collected in Baiteta Forest are analysed and a list of
the species of the four subfannilies known fronn Papua New Guinea is given. The following species are cited for the
first tinne from continental Papua New Guinea: Argenis incisuratus (Walker, 1873b), Bertsa iankana (Kirby, 1891),
Diognetus intonsus Distant, 1904c, Eurystyius costaiis Stal, 1871 and Peritropis suiawesica Gorczyca, 2006b.
Key words: Fleteroptera, Miridae, Baiteta Forest, Papua New Guinea, new species, new combinations, male and
female genitalia, host plants.
Introduction
The Miridae(lnsecta:Heteroptera)of Papua New
Guinea remain relatively poorly known. Numerous
genera and species were described from this area
since the second half of XIX^^ century, generally
on a small number of specimens. The main works
including the descriptions of these Miridae from
Papua New Guinea and Papua Barat or Irian Jaya
are the following: Carvalho (1956, 1981a, 1984a-
c, 1985, 1986a-d, 1987a-d, 1988), Carvalho &
Afonso (1977), Carvalho & Gross (1979), Carvalho
& Lorenzato (1978), Carvalho & Wallerstein (1977),
Distant (1904c, 1910b), Ghauri (1975), Gorczyca
55
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
(2002, 2006b), Menard & Schuh (2011), Poppius
(1909, 1912a & b, 1914b, 1915a), Schuh (1984),
Stonedahl (1988b), Stonedahl & Cassis (1991),
Tatarnic & Cassis (2008), and Walker (1873a & b).
Moreover, a large part of these species are only
known by their original description and we do not
have any accurate information about their biology
or distribution. Synthetic works up to the generic
level are frequently lacking and the type material
is dispersed in numerous museums around the
World.
We provide hereafter the analysis of a
collection made in a limited 1 km^ area of the centre
of Baiteta Forest (05°01’S, 145°45’E, Madang
Province, Papua New Guinea), mainly preserved
at the Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de
Belgique, Brussels, Belgium (ISNB). Data on host
plants - identification by P. Katik, Lae Herbarium
- of numerous specimens are available. We take
advantage of this information (summarised in the
table 2) to discuss the feeding habits of the studied
species. In addition to the specimens of Baiteta
Forest, we include also in our work the specimens
of some interesting Papuan species collected by
the ISNB’s team in Iwam Pass.
Baiteta Forest is a remnant of lowland (50 m
a.s.l.) mixed rainforest, 4 km inland from the north¬
eastern coast of Papua New Guinea and about 40
km north of Madang town (Versteirt et al. 2008),
lying on a bed of calcareous lithic arenite, with
some raised coral reefs (Missa 2000). This region
is classified as tropical rainy with no true dry season
and has an average annual precipitation of about
3558 mm. The humidity is always high, the winter
months (June to September) being the driest. The
annual mean temperature is 26.5 °C (values from
meteorological station of Madang) (Bowman et al.
1990).
A more detailed description of Baiteta village
and its neighbouring areas is available in Bowman
etal. (1990).
Iwam Pass lies in the Bismarck Range, a
mountain range in the central highlands of Papua
New Guinea, at the border of Madang, Simbu, and
Western Highlands Provinces.
Materials and methods
Collection methodology for analysed specimens
The analysed specimens were collected by
an ISNB team led by Dr Olivier Missa during four
sampling periods (March-June 1993, March-June
1994, April-August 1995 and April-July 1996)
covering the end of the relatively wet and the
beginning of the relatively dry seasons, by canopy
fogging and UV light trapping (Novotny & Missa
2000; Versteirt et al. 2008). The two first campaigns
were done on individual trees with large discrete
crowns while during the two last campaigns, trees
with intermingled crowns were sampled (Versteirt
et al. 2008).
One hundred and thirteen samples were
obtained by fogging the crown of 40 identified
(and 33 unidentified) trees with Reslin Premium
insecticide mixed with diesel (Missa 2000;
Novotny & Missa 2000) (cf. Table 2 part 1 in
Annex). The specimens were collected in 15 to 20
one m2 collecting surface funnels placed under
the crowns. The foggings were carried out under
standard weather conditions, in the early morning
after a rainless night and when there was no wind,
for about 20 minutes, on the whole crown area
(Versteirt et al. 2008). The collecting funnels were
kept in place to collect the falling insects over a
period of two hours after fogging (Missa 2000).
One light trap was alternately placed in
the canopy of a New Guinea or Pacific walnut
Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae) and an
island lychee Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae) for a
total of 31 nights (from 7 pm until 6 am) in 1993.
Two light traps were operated, in 1996, for a total
of 110 nights (also from 7 pm until 6 am) at 40
locations previously fogged in the canopy (Missa
2000; Novotny & Missa 2000) (cf. Table 2 part
2). The light traps were the Pennsylvanian model
with a roof equipped with a 15 watt ultraviolet tube
powered by a 12 volt car battery (Missa 2000).
Organisation of the present work
We analyse the specimens of the followingfour
subfamilies: Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae
and Mirinae. Phylinaeofthetribe Leucophoropterini
were studied by Menard & Schuh (2011), the other
subfamilies and tribes remaining to analyse.
In our section “taxonomy”, the taxa are
classified by subfamily and tribe and, in each tribe,
by alphabetical order of their binomina.
The reader will find a complete holonymy ^ of
the taxa studied here in Carvalho’s (1957, 1959)
1 According to Dubois (2000: 91), a holonymy is a
list of available and valid nomina in their original and
subsequent spellings and combinations, with their junior
synonyms, their subsequent usages and the afferent
bibliographical references.
56
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
and Schuh’s (1995) catalogues. In addition to
the original descriptions, relevant subsequent
taxononnical acts and those in Schuh (1995) we
also provide references published after 1995.
The abbreviations used in our partial holonynnies
are the following (according to Schuh 1995: x-xi):
DV: habitus illustration, FG: Fennale genitalia
illustration, MG: nnale genitalia illustration, SEM:
illustration of body parts obtained with a Scanning
Electron Microscope.
For each species, before the partial holonynny
if present, all specimens studied from Baiteta
Forest are cited in “Additional material” section,
if relevant with some additional specimens used
for comparison. The specimens are classified
alphabetically by country, place and, for the same
locality, by order of collection dates. The type
specimens are cited first, their label data are given
in full. In recording these label data, we use a
semicolon to separate different specimens and a
slash to separate the labels of each particular type
specimen. The data about non-type specimens
are summarised. The “FC n°” is Cherot’s unique
identification number affixed to some of the
examined specimens.
The depositories of the cited materiai are abbreviated
in the text as in Kerzhner & Josifov (1999):
AMNH - American Museum of Natural History, New York
City, New York, U.S.A.;
AN 1C - Australian National Insects Collection, Sydney,
Australia;
BMNH - The Museum of Natural History, London, United
Kingdom;
BPBM - Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, U.S.A.;
CFC - collection F Cherot, Sombreffe, Belgium;
CNC - Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa,
Canada;
HNHM - Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest,
Hungary;
HUES - Biology Laboratory, Hokkaido University of
Education, Sapporo, Japan;
ISNB - Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique,
Brussels, Belgium;
MNHN - Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris,
France;
MRAC - Musee royal de I’Afrique Centra le, Tervuren,
Belgium;
MNRJ - Museu nagional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
NHMW - Department of Entomology, Naturhistoriches
Museum Wien, Austria;
ULB - Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;
US - University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland;
USNM - United States National Museum, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington D.C., U.S.A.;
ZMHF - Zoological Museum University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland.
The geographical coordinates of collecting
locality of all examined specimens are provided in
Table 1 (Annex).
For the new taxa, the following sections
include the description, etymology and discussion.
For the other taxa, the following sections include:
the discussion and a redescription or addition to
the original description if relevant. The “discussion”
section includes a subsection summarising
the available data on distribution, host-plants,
collection methodology and feeding habits. Table
2 (Annex) gathers the information about host-plant
and collection methodology for all specimens of
Baiteta Forest.
Plates (colour photos) of habitus are provided
at the end of the book. The corresponding figures
are cited in the text as “Plate 7 fig. 1” to “Plate
18 fig. 13”. Black and white photos of anatomical
details and drawings of genitalia are included in the
text and cited as “Fig. 1” to “Fig. 169”.
The terminology of the genitalia in Miridae
is purely descriptive and relatively complex
(Sadowska-Woda et al. 2006). It was summarised
by Carpintero & Cherot (2008), Cherot (2002)
and Schmitz (1968). In the present work, we
use, when it is relevant, the terms of Carpintero
& Cherot (op. cit.), Davis (1955), Kelton (1959),
Rosenzweig (1997), Schmitz (1968), Slater (1950)
or Stonedahl (1988a), and we give some frequently
used synonyms to avoid ambiguity. We use the term
‘diatone” for “the maximum width of head across
eyes” (Schuh 1989).
Taxonomic part
Miridae Hahn, 1833
Bryocorinae Barensprung, 1860
Eccritotarsini Berg, 1883 sensu Namyatova et al.
2015
Bromeliaemiris Schumacher, 1919
References: Bromeliaemiris Schumacher, 1919:
223, as new genus; Schuh 1995: 539, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Bromeliaemiris bicolor
Schumacher, 1919, by monotypy.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Bromeliaemiris morobensis Carvalho, 1981a
(Plate 7 fig. 1)
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
1(5': Baiteta, 17.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., Trichadenia
philippinensis (Flacourtiaceae), light trap (FC n° 4141)
(ISNB).
References: Bromeliaemiris morobensis
Carvalho, 1981a: 55-56, as new species, DV, MG;
Schuh 1995: 539, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Discussion: Bromeliaemiris morobensis
Carvalho, 1981 was known by the nnale holotype
(Carvalho 1981a: 56) fronn Morobe, north-west of
Wau alone.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, B. morobensis was
recorded only one tinne, by light trap, fronn
Trichadenia philippinensis (Flacourtiaceae). The
host plants of this species were unknown still
(Schuh 2002-2013 online).
Bryocorellisca Carvalho, 1981a
References: Bryocorellisca Carvalho, 1981a: 57,
as new genus; Schuh 1995: 539, catalogue; Schuh
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Bryocorellisca pallidoemboliata
Carvalho, 1981a, by original designation.
Bryocorellisca pilosa Carvalho, 1981a (Plate 7 fig.
2)
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 02.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg., Dysoxylum
patigravianum (Meliaceae), fogging (FC n° 5124); 1$
ISNB: Baiteta, 03.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg., Artrocarpus
incisus (Moraceae), fogging (FC n° 5139); 1(5' ISNB:
Baiteta, 03.V.1996, 0. Missa leg., host unknown, fogging
(FCn° 5123).
References: Bryocorellisca pilosa Carvalho,
1981a: 58-59, as new species; Schuh 1995: 539,
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Bryocorellisca pilosa Carvalho, 1981
was known by the fennale holotype fronn Bubia,
Markhann Valley, Morobe, Papua New Guinea alone.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, B. pilosa was recorded
only by fogging, on two different hosts Artrocarpus
incisus (Moraceae) and Dysoxylum patigravianum
(Meliaceae). Hosts of species of the genus
Bryocorellisca were apparently still unknown
(Schuh 2002-2013 online).
Carpinterocoris gen. nov.
Type species: Carpinterocoris brailovskyi gen.
nov., sp. nov.
Derivatio nonninis: The new genus is dedicated
to our good colleague and friend Diego L. Carpintero
(Buenos-Aires), for his important contribution to
the study of the Neotropical Miridae fauna, for
his contribution to the study of Anthocoridae on
a world-scale and in remembrance of the happy
days passed with the first author on the field in
Argentina. Gender: masculine. Carpinterocoris is a
genus-group name ending in a Greek word {xopiq
i.e. bugs in Greek) translitered into latin “-coris”
without any other change. According to Article
30.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature (ICZN 1999: 34-35), the name takes
the gender given for the terminal word in standard
Greek dictionaries.
Description: Relatively large and wide, elongate
to slightly rounded, almost glabrous, shining
eccritotarsine. Head wide, eyes substylate, large,
not on a long peduncle, labium short, thick. Vertex
not carinate, unsulcate. Pronotum wide, rugulose
to shagreened, almost unpunctate, not narrowed
basally, shining. Pronotal callosities large, medially
fused. Pronotal collar very narrow, finely pilose.
Tarsus three segmented, third segment dilated
distally. Claws with setiform parempodia and large
pulvilli, partially covering inner surface (Fig. 4).
Hemelytra rugulose, almost unpunctate, glabrous,
shining. Cuneus slightly longer than wide (ratio in
females: 1.44 to 2.08, ratio in males: 1.46 to 1.75),
inner margin almost straight.
Discussion: The tarsus three segmented, the third
segment dilated distally, the claws with setiform
parempodia (i.e. unmodified in fleshy, flattened
pads, convergent or divergent apically) and with
pulvilli arising at the base, large, covering a part of
inner surface of claws (Fig. 4), the claws not cleft
at midpoint, the habitus of both sexes (Plate 7 figs
3-6), the male genitalia and the membrane with
two cells, the outer cell reduced, lead us to classify
Carpinterocoris gen. nov. in the tribe Eccritotarsini
of the subfamily Bryocorinae. Carpinterocoris can
hardly be confused with other genera of Papuan
eccritotarsine. When we use Carvalho’s (1981a:
51-52) key of “Bryocorini”^ sensu lato of Papua
New Guinea, we are not able to accommodate our
specimens in an already described genus. The
absence of neck, the eyes substylate but not on a
long peduncle and close to the anterior margin of
2 Including the tribes Bryocorini and Eccritotarsini as
presently defined (Namyatova et al. 2015).
58
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Figures 1-6. Carpinterocoris brailovskyi gen. nov., sp. nov. 1 - Head, lateral view (FC n° 5100); 2 - Thorax, lateral
view (FC n° 5100); 3 - Head, dorsal view and pronotal surface (FC n° 5087); 4 - Pretarsus and claw; 5 - Left
clavus (FC n° 5087); 6 - Pygophore (FC n° 5094) [scale bar 1 nnnn, except fig. 2 scale bar 0.5 nnnn
and fig. 4 scale bar 0.1 nnnn].
the pronotunn, the clear dorsal colouration, neither
globally green, nor totally black, the relatively large
size (4.5 to 5.5 nnnn), the hennelytra not narrowed
subnnedially and the shape of the cunei, not
particularly long, exclude ainnost all known genera.
Alone, the genera Ambunticoris Carvalho, 1981a,
Fronsomiris Carvalho, 1981a and Palaeofurius
Poppius, 1912d seenn relatively sinnilar to
Carpinterocoris gen. nov. However, the Papuan
species of these three genera are snnaller (2.8 to 3.5
nnnn), obviously pilose, and nnore strongly punctate
on the pronotunn. Their pronotunn is also nnore
strongly narrowed basally and their cunei longer,
curved on the inner nnargin. The setae of antennal
segnnents are longer in Paiaeofurius Poppius,
1912d. Fronn the other genera of eccritotarsine
of Old-World, including sonne poorly known taxa
such Anthropophagiotes Kirkaldy, 1908a fronn Fiji,
Grossicoris Carvalho, 1973 fronn New Hebrides and
New Caledonia, Gunadhya Distant, 1920 fronn New
Caledonia, or Rhopaiiceschatus Reuter, 1903 fronn
Tibet, Carpinterocoris could be easily separated by
the habitus, nna inly the total size (shorter or longer),
the shape of head and hennelytra, the colouration
and the dorsal punctation. The habitus of Diocierus
Distant, 1910a, from Sri Lanka, northern India,
Indochina and Malaysia (Stonedahl 1988b) is
relatively similar to those of Carpinterocoris gen.
nov. However, the vertex of Carpinterocoris is
lackingstrong posterior carina, the second antennal
segment isshorterorslightlylongerthan the width of
the head across eyes, the pronotal collar is narrow,
the pronotal disk, the clavus and the corium are
shagreened but almost unpunctate and the dorsal
pilosity is almost absent. The male genitalia are
relatively similar to those of several Eccritotarsini,
notably Eurycipitia ciara Distant, 1883 described
by Kerzhner & Konstantinov (1999: 127, Fig. 27).
Both taxa possess a phallus (aedeagus) subdivided
in a tiny conjunctiva and a large endophallus
(vesica), the latter being membranous and with
outgrowths on its surface. Their ductus seminis
is narrow, basally membranous, apically more
sclerotised. Their secondary gonopore is reduced,
hardly visible.
The relationships of the genera in the tribe
Eccritotarsini are largely unresolved still, even if
Stonedahl (1988b) suggested several groupings of
59
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
genera. Consequently, we are not able to identify
the sister-taxon or even sonne close related taxa of
Carpinterocoris.
Carpi nterocoris brailovskyi sp. nov. (Figs 1-12,
Plate 7 figs 3-6)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Carpinterocoris braiiovskyi gen. nov., sp. nov. FC n°
5094. Det. F. Cherot, 2011” / “Holotype” / “Holotype
Carpinterocoris braiiovskyi Cherot, Gorczyca, Schwartz
& Demol” / “Coll. I. R. Sc. N. B., Canopy Mission, Papua
New Guinea (Madang Prov), Baiteta, 1995, Fogging
ARM, Leg. 0. Missa” [The code ARM corresponds to
Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae)] (FC n° 5094).
Pa retypes ISNB: 5$, 1?: Baiteta, M.vi.l995, 0. Missa
leg., Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae), fogging (FC
n°s 5084, 5093, 5096-5097, 5099-5100); 2$: Baiteta,
20.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg., Ceitis iatifoiia (Ulmaceae),
fogging (FC n°s 4142, 5087); 26', 6$: Baiteta, 1995,
0. Missa leg., Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae),
fogging (FC n°s 5083, 5086, 5088-5092, 5095); 1$:
Baiteta, 1995, 0. Missa leg., Ceitis iatifoiia (Ulmaceae)
or Pianchoneiia sp. (Sapotaceae), fogging (FC n° 5101);
1$: Baiteta, 25.vii.1996, 0. Missa leg., host unknown,
fogging (FC n° 5085).
Derivatio nonninis: The new species is nanned
after our colleague Harry A. Brailovsky (Mexico)
for his invaluable contribution on taxononny and
biology of Coreidae and Lygaeidae sensu lato on a
world scale.
Description: Mid-sized relatively elongate
eccritotarsine (Plate 7 fig. 3), total length of the
fennales in dorsal view (n = 12): 4.75 to 5.59;
total length of males in dorsal view (n = 2): 4.51
to 4.66; maximal width of females near the middle
of hemelytra (n = 13): 1.57 to 1.86; maximal width
of males near the middle of hemelytra (n = 3):
1.42 to 1.52. Head. Clypeus free, not covered by
frons in dorsal view, yellowish to brownish, almost
glabrous or with short white setae. Maxillary and
mandibular plates small, uncarinate, lacking a
tubercle, yellowish (Fig. 1). Frons slightly rounded,
not striate, yellowish, brownish or greenish, almost
glabrous (Fig. 1). Eyes substylate, large, glabrous,
red-brown, occupying majority of head height in
lateral view. Total width of diatone in females (n =
15): 1.02 to 1.19, total width of diatone in males
(n = 2): 1.05 to 1.09; width of vertex in females
(n = 15): 0.55 to 0.67, width of vertex in males (n
= 2): 0.52 to 0.58. Vertex not carinate, unsulcate,
smooth, yellowish to greenish sometimes with a
fuzzy brown patch in middle. Antenna relatively
short. First and second segments relatively thick,
yellowish to orange-brown, first slightly curved,
widened subbasally and apically, slightly narrowed
medially, second slightly club-like. Third and fourth
narrower and darker, grey. Pilosity of Joints white,
sub-erect, stiff, slightly longer than width of second
segment. Lengths of the Joints of females: I: 0.38 to
0.51 (n = 15), II: 1.53 to 1.82 (n = 15), III: 0.43 to
0.53 (n = 10) and IV: 0.45 to 0.57 (n = 8). Lengths
of the joints of males: I: 0.43 to 0.49 (n = 3), II:
1.26 to 1.42 (n = 3), III: 0.38 to 0.43 (n = 3) and
IV: 0.43 to 0.51 (n = 3). No neck: posterior margin
of eyes close to anterior margin of pronotum.
Labium thick, short, yellow to orange brown, its
apex darker. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 3). Total
length (collar included) in females: 0.85 to 1.26 (n
= 15), total length in males (collar included): 0.89
to 1.23 (n = 3); posterior width in females: 1.48
to 1.98 (n = 15), posterior width in males: 1.42
to 1.84 (n = 3). Collar very narrow (medial length:
0.02 to 0.04), yellowish, with a very short, suberect
pilosity. Pronotal callosities yellowish, large and
wide, medially fused (Fig. 3). Pronotal disk almost
glabrous, shining, rugulose, yellowish to brownish or
greenish, with a very shallow and relatively narrow
punctation. Lateral margins of disk with narrow
yellow carinae posteriorily. Mesoscutum totally
covered (Fig. 5). Scutellum almost glabrous,
shagreened, relatively flat, unicolourous brown
(Fig. 5). Length in females: 0.63 to 0.85 (n = 15),
length in males: 0.59 to 0.71 (n = 3); basal width in
females: 0.51 to 0.77 (n = 15), basal width in males:
0.51 to 0.53 (n = 3). Legs. Yellow. Metafemora with
several long clear brown setae, black spinulae and
yellowish spines. Segments of tarsi yellow-brown,
claws orange-brown, typical of eccritotarsine (Fig.
4). Hemelytra dull to slightly shiny, shagreened,
almost unpunctate, the punctation very shallow,
narrow (Fig. 5). Pilosity sparse, the setae short,
adpressed, white. Clavus opaque, yellowish to
greenish basally, dark brown apically. Endocorium
opaque, yellowish to greenish, sometimes with a
large brown patch close to inner margin (Plate 7
fig. 4). Exocorium slightly rounded, yellowish. Outer
margins of exocorium brown. Cuneus yellow to
brown. Length of the cuneus in females: 0.64 to
0.84 (n = 15), length of the cuneus in males: 0.62
to 0.67 (n = 3); width of the cuneus in females: 0.36
to 0.52 (n = 15), width of the cuneus in males: 0.24
to 0.43 (n = 3). Membrane brown, veins brown.
Abdomen greenish to grey-brown, with long white
setae (Fig. 6).
Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 7) sickle¬
like, arm elongate, primary apophysis hooked.
Right paramere (Fig. 8) small. Phallus (aedeagus
sensu Kerzhner & Konstantinov, 1999) complex
(Figs 9-10). Theca (Th) sclerotised. Ductus seminis
60
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Figures 7-12. Carpi nterocoris brailovskyi gen. nov., sp. nov., genitalia of 6' paratype FC n° 5083 and $ paratype
FC n° 5089. 7 - Left paranneres, dorsal view; 8 - Right paranneres, dorsal view; 9-10 - Endophallus, different
views; 11 - Dorsal wall in dorsal view; 12 - Posterior wall [scale bar 0.1 nnnn, except fig. 8 scale bar 0.05 nnnn].
(Ds) narrow, basally nnennbranous, apically nnore
sclerotised. Secondary gonopore and conjunctiva
hardly visible. Endophallus, endosonna or vesica (V)
large, with two apical nnennbranous lobes (LI, L2).
Fennale genitalia: Parieto-vaginal rings hardly
visible. Dorsal wall (Fig. 11) nnennbranous,
connnnon oviduct (Co) wide. Posterior wall (Fig. 12)
nnennbranous.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: The nnales are sinnilar but
apparently snnaller than the fennales, with wider
eyes.
Discussion: Carpinterocoris brailovskyi gen. nov.,
sp. nov. can be recognized by its habitus and by the
genitalia of both sexes.
Hosts: Carpinterocoris brailovskyi gen. nov., sp.
nov. was collected by fogging, in five independent
collection events, on two different host plants:
Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae) and Celtis
latifolia (Ulnnaceae).
Harpedona Distant, 1904
References: Harpedona Distant, 1904c: 418,
as new genus; Carvalho 1981a: 68-72 (species
fronn Papua New Guinea); Stonedahl 1988b: 16-
32 (revision); Schuh 1995: 552-554, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Harpedona marginata Distant,
1904c, by original designation.
Harpedona gressitti Stonedah\, 1988b (Plate 7 fig.
7)
Additional material ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1(5': Baiteta, 09.vi.l995, 0. Missa leg.,
Sarcocephaius sp. (Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n° 5126).
References: Harpedona gressitti Stonedahl,
1988b: 23-24, as new species; Schuh 1995:
552-554, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Discussion: Harpedona gressitti Stonedahl,
1988b was known by the nnale holotype (Stonedahl
1988b: 24) fronn Tsenga, Upper Jinnnni Valley,
Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea alone.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, H. gressitti was recorded
only by fogging, on Sarcocephaius sp. (Rubiaceae).
Hosts of this species were apparently unknown still
(Schuh 2002-2013 online). Harpedona marginata
Distant, 1904c, also known fronn Papua New
Guinea, is recognized as a pest of Dioscorea sp.
(Stondahl 1988b: 26).
61
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Nabirecoris Carvalho, 1981a
References: Nabirecoris Carvalho, 1981a: 78, as
new genus; Schuh 1995: 558, catalogue; Schuh
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Nabirecoris minutus Carvalho,
1981a, by original designation.
Nabirecoris minutus Carvalho, 1981a (Plate 7 fig.
8)
Additional material 1$(?) ISNB: Papua New
Guinea: Madang: Baiteta, Ol.v.1996, 0. Missa leg., host
unknown, fogging (FC n ° 5127).
References: Nabirecoris minutus Carvalho,
1981a: 78, as new species; Schuh 1995: 558,
catalogue.
Discussion: Nabirecoris minutus Carvalho, 1981
was known bythefennale holotype alone fronn north¬
west of Nabire, south of Geelvink Bay (presently
Cenderawashi Bay), Papua Barat, Indonesia
(Carvalho 1981a: 78). Its host plant is unknown.
Prodromus Distant, 1904c
References: Prodromus Distant, 1904c: 436-
437, as new genus; Stonedahl 1988b: 53-88
(revision); Schuh 1995: 568-570, catalogue; Schuh
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Prodromus subfiavus Distant,
1904c, by original designation.
= Prodromopsis Poppius, 1911b: 4, as new
genus; Carvalho 1981a: 80-83 (species fronn Papua
New Guinea); Stonedahl 1988b: 53 (reference for
synonymy).
Type species: Prodromus cuneatus Distant,
1909a, by original designation, a junior synonym of
Prodromus ciypeatus Distant, 1904c.
Prodromus ocuiatus (Poppius, 1912e) (Plate 7 fig.
9)
Additional material 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 05.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., Celtis
philippinensis (Ulmaceae), light trap (FC n° 5125).
References: Prodromopsis ocuiatus Poppius,
1912e: 10, as new species; Carvalho 1981a: 81-
82, redescription; Prodromus ocuiatus: Stonedahl
1988b: 79-81, redescription; Schuh 1995: 569,
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Prodromus ocuiatus Poppius, 1912e
is known from Indonesia (Irian Jaya) and from
Papua New Guinea, countries where it is widely
distributed.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, P ocuiatus was recorded
only one time, by light trap, on Ceitis phiiippinensis
(Ulmaceae). The species is frequently found on
banana trees, Musa spp. (Musaceae), and occurs
regularly in light trap catches (Stonedahl 1988b:
80).
Cylapinae KIrkaldy, 1903
Bothrlomirinl KIrkaldy, 1906
Bakerioia Bergroth, 1920
References: Bakerieiia Poppius, 1915b: 46, as
new genus; Bakerioia Bergroth, 1920: 70 (nom.
nov. for Bakerieiia Poppius, 1915b, preoccupied by
Bakerieiia Kieffer, 1910, Hymenoptera, Bethylidae);
Schuh 1995: 19, catalogue; Gorczyca 2006a:
9, catalogue; Wolski & Gorczyca 2012: 7, key of
Oriental Bothriomirini; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: Bakerieiia crassicornis Poppius,
1915b, by original designation.
Bakerioia sp. (Plate 8 fig. 1)
Additional material 16' ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 27.vi.1995, 0. Missa leg., host
unknown, fogging (FC n° 5121).
Discussion: The unique specimen available from
Baiteta Forest obviously belongs to the small tribe
Bothriomirini of the subfamily Cylapinae by the
claws and hemelytra structures. The sole correctly
preserved claw is elongate, lacking parempodia
(= arolia), pulvilli (= pseudarolia) and basal tooth
(but with a small subapical tooth). The hemelytra
are strongly punctate, the membrane being pilose.
Assigning itto a genus is more difficult. After analysis
of the available literature about the Bothriomirini
genera (Carvalho 1955; Gorczyca 2000; Gorczyca
& Wolski 2006; Wolski & Gorczyca 2006; 2012;
Yasunaga 2000), we can exclude Afrobothriomiris
Gorczyca, 2000, Dashymenieiia Poppius, 1914c
or Leprocapsus Poppius, 1914c, as the habitus of
our specimen is totally different, and Bothriomiris
Kirkaldy, 1902a, as the first antennal segment
is shorter than the vertex width. We classify our
specimen with doubt in Bakerioia Bergroth, 1920.
At present, the genus Bakerioia Bergroth, 1920
is monospecific, including only the type species
Bakerioia crassicornis (Poppius, 1915b) from the
Mt Makiling, Luzon, Philippines Islands, known
by the holotype female alone. It is possible our
specimen belongs to a new species of this genus,
however it seems premature to describe it.
Additional specimens of both sexes of Bakerioia
from Papua New Guinea should be obtained before
eventual description.
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Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Hosts: unknown.
Bothriomiris Kirkaldy, 1902a
References: Bothriomiris Kirkaldy, 1902a: 270,
as new genus; Schuh 1995: 20, catalogue; Gorczyca
2006a: 9-11, catalogue; Wolski & Gorczyca 2012:
8-16, revision of Oriental species; Schuh 2002-
2013, online catalogue.
Type species by nnonotypy: Bothriomiris marmoratus
Kirkaldy, 1902a, a junior synonynn of Capsus
dissimuians Walker, 1873b.
Bothriomiris sp. (Plate 8 fig. 2)
Additional nnaterial 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 10.vii.l996, 0. Missa leg., host
unknown, fogging (FC n ° 4162).
Discussion: by its habitus, our specinnen belongs
to the genus Bothriomiris. Unfortunately, specific
identification of the fennale specinnen of this genus
rennains difficult, the genitalia being described only
in one Japanese species: B.goto/n/Yasunaga, 2000.
The genitalia of our specinnen are very different
fronn those of B. gotohi and we can consequently
rule out nnennbership to this species.
According to Carvalho & Lorenzato (1978), only one
species of the genus Bothriomiris exists in Papua
New Guinea: B. iugubris Poppius, 1915b, described
fronn Taiwan. However, the identity of the Papuan
species analysed by Carvalho & Lorenzato (op.
cit.) is now challenged: it could be an undescribed
species, not the true B. iugubris (Yasunaga 2000;
Gorczyca 2006a; Wolski & Gorczyca 2012).
Resolving this problenn and accurately assigning
our specinnen will require additional specinnens of
both sexes fronn Papua New Guinea.
Hosts: unknown.
Fulviini Uhler, 1886
Bironieiia Poppius, 1909
References: Bironieiia Poppius, 1909: 23, as
new genus; Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978: 129
(redescription); Schuh 1995: 19-20, catalogue;
Gorczyca 2006a: 25-26, catalogue; Schuh 2002-
2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Bironieiia metaiiescens Poppius,
1909, by original designation.
Bironieiia metaiiescens Poppius, 1909 (Plate 8
fig. 3)
Additional nnaterial: IS & 1$ ISNB: Papua New
Guinea: Madang: Baiteta, 30.vi.l995, 0. Missa leg..
Ficus sp. (Moraceae), fogging (FC n°s 5073, 5075); 16'
ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang: Sisinnangunn village.
01.viii.l981, Van Goethenn J. leg. (FC n° 5075a).
References: Bironieiia metaiiescens Poppius,
1909: 23, as new species; Carvalho & Lorenzato
1978: 130-131 (redescription, DV, MG); Schuh
1995: 20, catalogue; Gorczyca 2006a: 25-26,
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Bironieiia metaiiescens Poppius,
1909 was described on the basis of the nnale
holotype fronn Sattelberg, Huon Golf, Papua New
Guinea alone. Additional specinnens were later
cited in the literature, fronn Papua New Guinea and
Indonesia (Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978; Gorczyca
2006a). Few data on biology are available for
this species: it was found on logs of Castanopsis
accuminatissima and was collected in light traps
(Gorczyca 2006a).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, B. metaiiescens was
recorded only in one collection event, by fogging,
fronn Ficus sp. (Moraceae).
Bironieiia rubernotata Carvalho, Lorenzato, 1978
Additional nnaterial 1(6 ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 23.vii.1996, 0. Missa leg., Litsea
irianensis (Lauraceae), fogging (FC n° 5074).
References: Bironieiia ruberonotata Carvalho,
Lorenzato, 1978: 130-131, as new species, DV, MG;
Schuh 1995: 20, catalogue; Gorczyca 2006a: 26,
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: The paranneres are “typical” of the
genus Bironieiia Poppius, 1909, the spiculunn is as
in B. trinotata Carvalho, Lorenzato, 1978, but its
apical part is laterally hooked.
Bironieiia ruberonotata Carvalho & Lorenzato,
1978 was described on the fennale holotype fronn
“Boden, 11 knn SE of Oereberfaren” (= Bodenn,
Oberfaren), Papua Barat, Indonesia alone, a
specinnen collected by light trap.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, B. ruberonotata was
recorded only one tinne, by fogging, fronn Litsea
irianensis (Lauraceae).
Cyiapofuivius Poppius, 1909
References: Cyiapofuivius Poppius, 1909: 20-21,
as new genus; Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978: 129,
133-135, key of Fulvinii genera and species fronn
Papua New Guinea; Schuh 1995: 22, catalogue;
Cherot & Gorczyca 2000: 217, revision; Gorczyca
2006a: 32-50, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Type species: Cyiapofuivius punctatus Poppius,
1909, by original designation.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Cylapofulvius punctatus Poppius, 1909 (Plate 8
fig. 4)
Leototype S HNHM, designation by Carvalho &
Lorenzato, 1978: 135: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Stephansort, Astrolabe Bai, 1897, Biro” (= Biro) (FC n°
5050).
Additional nnaterial 16' US: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 1994, 0. Missa leg., host unknown
(without nunnber).
References: Cylapofulvius punctatus Poppius,
1909: 20-21, as new species; Carvalho & Lorenzato
1978: 134-135 (redescription); Schuh 1995: 22,
catalogue; Cherot & Gorczyca 2000: 217, revision;
Gorczyca 2006a: 32-50, catalogue; Schuh 2002-
2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Cylapofulvius punctatus Poppius,
1909 was described using several specinnens of
both sexes fronn Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province,
Papua New Guinea. Additional specinnens were
cited fronn several places in Papua New Guinea’s
Central Province (Poppius 1909: 23, syntypes of
C. griscens Poppius, 1909, a junior synonym of C.
punctatus), Morobe Province, Northern Province
(Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978: 135; Cherot &
Gorczyca 2000: 219), New Ireland and New Britain
but also from Indonesia, Papua Barat (Carvalho
& Lorenzato 1978: 135) and from the Solomon
Islands (Cherot & Gorczyca 2000: 219).
Hosts: The biology of this species is virtually
unknown. A specimen from Papua New Guinea,
Bulolo Mankila was recorded on a log of Gastonia
sp. (Araliaceae) according to Cherot & Gorczyca
(2000: 219).
Fulvius Stal, 1862
References: Fulvius Stal, 1862: 322, as new
genus; Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978: 129, 135-142,
key of Fulvinii genera and species from Papua New
Guinea; Schuh 1995: 25-29, catalogue; Gorczyca
2002: 9-23, species from Oriental Region and
New Guinea; Gorczyca 2006a: 32-50, catalogue;
Sadowska-Woda et al. 2006: 617-636, female
genitalia of several species; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Type species: Fulvius anthocorldes Stal, 1862,
by monotypy.
Fulvius constant! Gorczyca, 2004 (Plate 8 fig. 5)
= Fulvius nlgrlcornls sensu Carvalho &
Lorenzato, 1978 nec Poppius, 1909: 136
(“redescription”).
Holotype (6 ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Fulvius constant! sp. nov. Gorczyca, 2004” / “Coll. I. R.
Sc. N. B., Canopy Mission Papua New Guinea, Madang
prov., Baiteta, 08.vi.l993, light trap Ml, Leg. Olivier
Missa” [the code nunnber Ml corresponds apparently to
Dracontomeium dao, Anacardiaceae].
Paratypes 6 specimens ISNB: 1(6 & 1$: data as
in holotype; 1(6: idem, 13.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg.,
on Ceitis phiiippinensis (Ulmaceae), light trap; 1$:
idem, 03.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., light trap; 1(6: idem,
19.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Ficus sp.(Moraceae), light
trap; 1(6: idem, 02.vii.l996, 0. Missa leg., on ?, light
trap.
Additional material 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 18.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on
Trichadenia phiiippinensis (Flacourtiaceae), light trap
(FCn° 4175).
References: Fulvius constant Gorczyca, 2004:
153-156, as new species; Gorczyca 2006a: 41,
catalogue; Sadowska-Woda et al. 2006: 625-
626, female genitalia; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Discussion: Fulvius constant Gorczyca, 2004 was
described from Baiteta Forest on seven specimens
of both sexes. Additional specimens were cited from
New Britain and also from Papua Barat, Indonesia
(Cyclops Mountains and Yos Sudarso Bay, formerly
Humboldt Bay) by Gorczyca (2006a).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, F constant was recorded
six times, only by light trap, from different hosts:
Celts phiiippinensis (Ulmaceae), Dracontomeium
dao (Anacardiaceae), Ficus sp. (Moraceae) and
Trichadenia phiiippinensis (Flacourtiaceae).
Therefore, the eight known specimens of Baiteta
were recorded in six different collection events
on four different host plants (belonging to four
different families). However, this result may not
be significant. First, all specimens were attracted
by light (as it is frequent in Fulvius) and then their
origin is uncertain. Second, several Fulvius spp.
have apparently unspecialised predaceous habits
(Pluot Sigwalt & Cherot 2013). This may be the case
for F constant which could explain our results.
Some other Cylapinae could include both fungi and
small invertebrates in their diet (Wheeler 2001).
Fulvius nigricornis Poppius, 1909 (Plate 8 fig. 6)
Additional material 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 03.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on
Artrocarpus sp. (Moraceae), fogging (FC n° 4176).
References: Fulvius nlgrlcornls Poppius, 1909:
30, 37, 44, as new species; Schuh 1995: 28,
catalogue; Gorczyca 2006a: 36, catalogue; Schuh
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Fulvius nlgrlcornls Poppius, 1909
was described from Si-Oban, Mentawai Island,
64
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Indonesia on several specinnens. The species is also
cited fronn Sunnatra and fronn Malaysia (Gorczyca
2006a). It would be a predator of weevils’ eggs
(Wheeler 2001, table 14.1, p. 284).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, F. nigricornis was
recorded only once, by fogging, fronn Artrocarpus
sp. (Moraceae).
Fulvius pallidus Poppius, 1909 (Plate 8 fig. 7)
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1$ (?): Baiteta, 03.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on
Celtis philippinensis (UInnaceae), light trap (FC n ° 4167);
1(5': idem, on Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae), light
trap (FC n° 4168).
References: Fulvius pallidus Poppius, 1909:
29, 32, 44, as new species; Carvalho & Lorenzato
1978: 138, redescription; Schuh 1995: 28,
catalogue; Gorczyca 2006a: 37, catalogue; Schuh
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Fulvius pallidus Poppius, 1909 was
described fronn Sinnbang, Huon Golf, Papua New
Guinea, on sonne specinnens of both sexes. The
species is widely distributed, fronn Malaysia to
Micronesia (Gorczyca 2006a).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, F nigricornis was
recorded only twice, by light trap, fronn Celtis
philippinensis (UInnaceae) and Dracontomelum
dao (Anacardiaceae).
Fulvius stysi Cherot, Gorczyca, 2008 (Plate 8 fig. 8)
Holotype (5' ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Fulvius stysi sp. nov. Cherot & Gorczyca, 2008” / “Coll.
I. R. Sc. N. B., Canopy Mission Papua New Guinea,
Madang prov., Baiteta, 1995, Fogging, AR14, Leg. Olivier
Missa” [the code nunnber ARM corresponds to a fogging
on Chlsocheton ceramicus, Meliaceae].
Paratypes 2 specinnens ISNB: 1$: “Paratype Fulvius
stys/sp. nov. Cherot & Gorczyca, 2008”/ “Coll. I. R.Sc. N.
B., Canopy Mission Papua New Guinea (Madang prov.),
Baiteta, Fog (ging) AR51, 15.vi.l996, leg. Olivier Missa”;
1$: “Paratype Fulvius stysi sp. nov. Cherot & Gorczyca,
2008”/ “Coll. I. R. Sc. N. B., Canopy Mission, Papua
New Guinea, Madang prov., Baiteta, Fog(ging), AR67,
18. vi. 1996, Leg. Olivier Missa” [the code nunnbers AR51
and 67 correspond to a fogging on unknown plants].
References: Fulvius stysi Cherot, Gorczyca, 2008:
371-374, as new species; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Discussion: Fulvius stysi Cherot, Gorczyca,
2008 was described fronn Baiteta Forest on three
specinnens of both sexes. All specinnens were
recorded by fogging, on Chlsocheton ceramicus
(Meliaceae) and two unknown host plants.
Fulvius subnitens Poppius, 1909 (Plate 8 fig. 9)
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
2(5' & 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 03.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on
Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap (without
nunnber); 1$ US: Baiteta, 03.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., light
trap, host unknown (without nunnber); 1(5' ISNB: Baiteta,
18.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Trichadenia philippinensis
(Flacourtiaceae), light trap (without nunnber) (Gorczyca
2006); 1(5'(?) & 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 19.vi.l996, 0.
Missa leg., on Celtis phlHppinensis (UInnaceae), light
trap (FC n° 4165, 4167b); 1(5' ISNB: idem, on Ficus
sp. (Moraceae), light trap (FC n° 4166); 1(5' ISNB:
Baiteta, 04.vii.l996, 0. Missa leg., fogging, on Sloanea
sogeriensis (Eleocarpaceae) (without nunnber) (Gorczyca
2006a).
References: Fulvius subnitens Poppius, 1909:
30, 34, 44, as new species; Carvalho & Lorenzato
1978: 139, redescription; Schuh 1995: 29,
catalogue; Gorczyca 2000: 83-84, redescription;
2006a: 41-42, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Discussion: Fulvius subnitens Poppius, 1909
was described fronn Papua New Guinea, Bujakori,
apparently in Central Province (Carvalho & Lorenzato
1978), fronn other places in Papua New Guinea
(Paunnonnu River, Moroka, also in Central Province;
Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province), fronn Indonesia
(Mentawai Archipelago, Sipora Island; Ighibirei,
Papua Barat) and probably fronn Philippines Islands
(Engano, Malakonni, nnaybe Engano Cape on
Palaui Island). It is widely distributed, fronn Africa
(Tanzania, Togo) and the Seychelles to Taiwan and
the Pacific Islands and fronn Malaysia to Papua
New Guinea (Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978; Gorczyca
2006a).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, F subnitens was recorded
nnainly by light trap, fronn Celtis philippinensis
(UInnaceae), Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae),
Ficus sp. (Moraceae), Sloanea sogeriensis
(Eleocarpaceae) and Trichadenia philippinensis
(Flacourtiaceae). In Malaysia, the species was also
recorded on Flevea (Gorczyca 2006a).
Fulvius variegatus Poppius, 1909 (Plate 8 fig. 10)
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1$: Baiteta, 09.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg., on
Terminalia sepikana (Connbretaceae), light trap (FC n°
4163); 1$ (?): Idem, on Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae),
light trap (FC n ° 4164); 1$: idem, 15.iv.l996, Terminalia
sepikana or PIteleocarpus indicum (Connbretaceae and
Fabaceae respectively), light trap (FC n°4162).
References: Fulvius variegatus Poppius, 1909:
31, 38, 44, as new species; Carvalho & Lorenzato
1978: 142, redescription; Schuh 1995: 29,
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
catalogue; Gorczyca 2006a: 39-40, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Fulvius variegatus Poppius, 1909
was described fronn Ighibirei, Central Province,
Papua New Guinea (Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978)
and fronn other places in Papua New Guinea. It is
widely distributed in Pacific area (Gorczyca 2006a).
H osts: In Baiteta Forest, F. variegatus was recorded
by light trap, fronn Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae),
and Terminalia sepikana (Connbretaceae). It
would be a predator of weevils’ eggs, at least in
Hawaii (Wheeler 2001, table 14.1, p. 284), and
is sonnetinnes found on banana trash, sugar cane,
fallen fruits, dead leaves and inside rotten logs.
Peritopis Uhler, 1891
References: Peritopis Uhler, 1891: 121, as new
genus; Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978: 129, 143-145,
key of Fulvinii genera, species fronn Papua New
Guinea; Schuh 1995: 33-34, catalogue; Gorczyca
& Chlond 2005: 167, description of a new species
fronn Papua New Guinea; Gorczyca 2006a: 54-66,
catalogue; 2006b: 401-422, revision of species
of Oriental Region, key; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: Peritropis saidaeformis Uhler,
1891, by nnonotypy.
Peritropis graziae sp. nov. (Figs 13-22)
Holotype $ ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Peritropis graziae sp. nov. FC n°4178. Det. J. Gorczyca,
2010” / “Holotype” / “Holotype Peritropis graziae
Cherot, Gorczyca, Schwartz & Dennol” / “Coll. I. R. Sc. N.
B., Canopy Mission, Papua New Guinea (Madang Prov),
Baiteta, 13.vii.l995, Fogging AR20, Leg. 0. Missa” [The
code AR20 corresponds to Ficus polyantha (Moraceae)]
(FCn° 4178).
Derivatio nonninis: The new species is dedicated
to our colleague Prof. J. Grazia (Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre), first
president of the International Heteropterists Society
(HIS), for her invaluable contribution on taxononny
of Pentatonnidae on a world scale.
Description: Fennale. Body oval (Fig. 13) pale,
covered with fine, short, pale, scale-like setae.
Length of body 2.45, width 1.10. Head (Figs 13,
14) white, with snnall orange spots on clypeus
and slightly tinged with orange. Length of head
(in dorsal view), 0.40, width 0.52, dianneter of eye
0.10. Antennae covered with very short setae. First
antennal segnnent slightly thickened, white with
snnall pale orange patches, second segnnent almost
cylindrical, pale with brown pattern, pale brown in
apical part. Third segment very short, pale, covered
with pale, shining setae (fourth segment broken
in the specimen examined). Length of antennal
segments: 0.24, 0.70, 0.22. Labium not well
visible in examined specimen. Thorax. Pronotum
(Fig. 18) pale in middle with four brown patches,
darkened on sides, anterior lobe convex with short
longitudinal incision in middle. Lateral margins
of pronotum distinctly elevated, posterior margin
with small incision. Length of pronotum 0.35,
length of anterior margin 0.52, length of lateral
margins 0.38, length of posterior margin 0.88.
Mesoscutum dark brown almost black, shining,
with small pale patches on sides. Scutellum dark
brown almost black, shining. Legs. Coxae and
trochanters white, femora white with a few small
spots in apical part. Tibiae pale with brown rings
and patches, tarsi very short, two-segmented,
second segment divided, pale brown. Claws with
a distinct subapical tooth. Hind legs mutilated in
examined specimen. Hemelytra white, tinged with
orange, embolium with small, pale brown patches,
clavus with characteristic, dark brown pattern in
distal part (Fig. 21). Corium with two large, dark
patches contiguous with claval suture, cuneus
and membrane. Cuneus white at base, tinged
with orange in apical part. Membrane pale with
small brown and orange spots, venation pale, and
minor cell not well visible in examined specimen.
Abdomen. Body pale ventrally, abdomen white
with brown patches. Female genitalia not examined.
Sexual dimorphism: Male unknown.
Discussion: The new species can be distinguished
within the Peritropis sutureiia-group sensu
Gorczyca (2006b) by its pale body with contrasting
dark scutellum, by its relatively broad vertex with a
longitudinal sulcus and by its pale, short antennae.
Hosts: Peritropis graziae sp. nov. was recorded only
once by fogging, on Ficus poiyantha (Moraceae).
Peritropis suiawesica Gorczyca, 2006b (Plate 8
fig. 11)
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1(5': Baiteta, 02.V.1995, 0. Missa leg., on
Neonauclea sp. (Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n° 4850);
1(5': idem, on Terminalia macrocarpa (Connbretaceae)
or Sandolicum sp. (Melicaceae) or Dysoxylum
patigravianum (Meliaceae), fogging (FC n° 4177); 4(5':
idem, 30.vi.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Ficus sp. (Moraceae),
fogging (FC n°s 4844, 4847-4849); 1(5': idem,
04. vi. 1996, 0. Missa leg., on Buchaniana heterophylla
(Anacardiaceae) or Vitex cofassus (Verbenaceae) or
Hernandia ovigera (Hernandiaceae), light trap (FC
n°4846); 1(5': idem, 19.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Ficus
sp. (Moraceae), fogging (FC n° 4845).
66
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Figures 13-14. Peritropis graziae sp. nov., holotype $ FC n° 4178. 13 - Flabitus, dorsal view. 14 - Flead, lateral
view [scale bars 0.5 nnnn and 0.2 nnnn respectively].
References: Peritropis suiawesica Gorczyca,
2006a: 63, catalogue, cited as “in print”; Gorczyca
2006b: 419-420, as new species; Schuh 2002-
2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Peritropis suiawesica Gorczyca
2006b was described on the nnale holotype fronn
Dunnonga-Bone National Park, near Kotannbagu,
Utara, Sulawesi, Indonesia alone. It has not yet
recorded fronn Papua New Guinea.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, the species was recorded
mainly by fogging, on Ficus sp., on Neonauciea sp.
and at least on two other unidentified plants.
Vanniini Gorczyca, 1997 sensu Namyatova et al.
2015
Palaucoris Carvalho, 1956
References: Pa /a ucor/s Carvalho, 1956:48-49, as
new genus; Carvalho 1984c: 81-82, redescription;
Schuh 1995: 584, catalogue; Gorczyca 1997: 517-
518, 550-552, discussion; Cassis et al. 2003: 131,
discussion; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Paiaucoris unguidentatus
Carvalho, 1956, by original designation.
= Pseudopaiaucoris Ghauri, 1975: 611-612,
as new genus, the synonymy by Carvalho 1984c:
81-83.
Type species by original designation:
Pseudopaiaucoris novaguineae Ghauri, 1975.
Palaucoris novaguineae (Ghauri, 1975) (Figs 23-
34, plate 8 fig. 12, plate 11 figs 6-7)
Additional material 2S, 1$ & 1? ISNB: Papua New
Guinea: Madang: Baiteta, 03.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg.,
Artrocarpus incisus (Moraceae), fogging (FC n°s 5079-
5082).
References: Pseudopaiaucoris novaguineae
Ghauri, 1975: 612-613, as new species,
DV, head in dorsal and lateral views, claws;
Paiaucoris novaguineae: Carvalho 1984c: 81-84,
redescription, syn. nov. and comb, nov., DV, MG;
Schuh 1995: 584, catalogue; Konstantinov &
Gorczyca 2001: 115, citation in key; Schuh 2002-
2013, online catalogue.
Redescription: Body elongate, narrow, total
length: 2.68 to 2.75 in males (n = 2), 2.50 in
female (n = 1); width of hemelytra (in middle):
0.62 to 0.80 in males (n = 2), impossible to
measure on available female. Outer margins of
corium strongly curved in the middle, narrowed
submedially, widened subbasally and, more
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
clearly, subapically (Fig. 27, plate 8 fig. 12). Head.
Elongate, sub-vertical. Clypeus relatively ventral,
concave nnedially, covered by fro ns in dorsal view,
yellow to brown tinged with red, with few long white
setae. Maxillary and nnandibular plates uncarinate,
devoid of tubercle, widely and deeply punctate,
yellow brown, with few long white setae, punctation
sonnetinnes dark brown to black, sonnetinnes yellow-
brown. Frons vertical, swollen, nnedially sulcate,
slightly shagreened but unpunctate to widely and
shallowly punctate, yellow-brown to green-brown,
ainnost glabrous. Eyes large, red, occupying about
2/3 of body height in lateral view. Total width of
diatone: 0.50-0.51 in nnales (n = 2), 0.63 in fennale
(n = 1); width of vertex: 0.20 to 0.24 in nnales (n
= 2), 0.25 in fennale (n = 1). Vertex yellow-brown
0 f
Figures 15-22. Peritropis graziae sp. nov. holotype 15 - Head, dorsal view; 16 - Head, lateral view; 17 - Evapo-
ratory area; 18 - Pronotal surface; 19 - Scutellunn, dorsal view; 20 - Left clavus and coriunn; 21 - Habitus, dorsal
view; 22 - Cunei and nnennbrane [scale bar 0.1 nnnn, except fig. 21 scale bar 1 nnnn].
68
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(plates 7-18)
with a red line along eyes, sonne snnall sub-erect like; second, third and fourth segnnents narrower,
white setae and pair of elongate white setae close second yellow-brown, third and fourth dark red-
to posterior third of inner nnargin of eyes. Surface brown. Lengths of joints in nnales (n = 2 except
of vertex unpunctate, nnediallysulcate, with narrow otherwise nnentioned): I: 0.42-0.43, II: 0.97-1.03,
dark-brown to black carinate posterior nnargin (Figs III: 0.49 (n = 1), IV: dannaged or lacking. Lengths of
23-24). Posterior nnargin prolonged laterally by the Joints in fennale (n = 1): I: 0.49, II: 1.03, III: 0.47
snnall triangular ivory white area. Antenna elongate, and IV: 0.37. Labiunn thick, yellow, apically dark red.
First segnnent yellow-brown, widened nnedially, club- reaching nniddle coxae. Thorax. Pronotunn (Figs
Figures 23-28. Palaucoris novaguineae (Ghauri, 1975). 23 - Head, dorsal view (FC n° 5082); 24 - Head and
pronotal surface (FC n° 5082); 25 - Pronotal surface, detail (FC n° 5080); 26 - Tarsus and claw (FC n° 5080);
27 - Left clavus and scutellunn, dorsal view; 28 - Abdonnen, lateral view (FC n°5081) [scale bar 0.1 nnnn].
69
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Figures 29-34. Palaucoris novaguineae (Ghauri, 1975), genitalia of both sexes. 29 - Left paranneres, dorsal view;
30 - Right paranneres, dorsal view; 31-32 - Endophallus, different views; 33 - Right parieto-vaginal ring, dorsal
view; 34 - Dorsal wall, dorsal view [scale bar 0.1 nnnn, except fig. 30 and 33 scale bar 0.05 nnnn].
24-25). Total length (collar included) in nnales (n
= 2): 0.54 to 0.61; total length (collar included) in
fennale (n = 1): 0.54. Posterior width in nnales (n=
2): 0.53 to 0.74; posterior width in fennale (n = 1):
0.74. Collar large (0.12 to 0.16 in nnales, n = 2; 0.19
in fennale, n = 1), nnedially elevated conn pa rati vely
to callosities area, with sub-erect white setae.
Surface of collar yellow brown, obviously punctate,
punctation wide and deep. Callosities rounded,
yellow brown, separated nnedially and fronn lateral
nnargins of disk. Pronotal disk with nunnerous,
sub-erect white setae, easy to see in lateral view.
Pronotal surface yellow brown to red-brown with
a wide and deep punctation. Hunneral angles
rounded, posterior nnargin of disk slightly curved,
lateral nnargins S-like, lacking carina or carinal
knob. Mesoscutunn narrow, brown. Scutellunn
(Fig. 27). Length in nnales (n = 2): 0.32 to 0.37;
length in fennale (n = 1): 0.33. Basal width in nnales
(n = 2): 0.29 to 0.30; basal width in fennale (n =
1): 0.32. Surface widely and deeply punctate, with
wide ivory white calose nnedial line absent basally.
Legs. Fennora yellow-brown, with black spinulae
and elongate, sub-erect white setae. M etafe nn o ra
with suberect, white setae, a row of elongate.
strong yellowish spines originating fronn red-brown
tubercles and a row of black spinulae. Tarsus yellow,
claws (Fig. 26) red-brown. Henn elytra (Fig. 27).
Outer nnargins of hennelytra and coriunn strongly
curved in nniddle, narrowed subnnedially, widened
sub-basally and, nnore clearly, subapically, carinate,
carinae red, with relatively long, white setae. Clavus
basally opaque, apically slightly translucent, yellow-
brown, with a row of deep and wide red-brown
punctures along clavo-corial suture. The inner
nnargin of clavus yellow-brown. Pilosity elongate,
erect, white (Figs 27-28). Sericeous or woolly setae
absent. Coriunn translucent, yellow-brown, corial
vein brown, inner nnargin yellowish. Pilosity elongate,
erect, white. Sericeous or woolly setae absent.
Exocoriunn difficult to separate fronn endocoriunn.
Cuneus of nnale snnall, ainnost triangular, yellowish,
with few suberect black setae. Cuneus of fennale
sinnilar but very difficult to delinnitate fronn snnall
cell of nnennbrane and fronn coriunn. Cuneal fracture
literally absent. Veins thick, yellow to brown or
red, inner nnargin of coriunn thick, vein-like, yellow-
brown basally, red subapically, yellowish apically.
Mennbrane grey-brown, difficult to separate fronn
endocoriunn by texture. Large cell in nnales elongate
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(plates 7-18)
and subtriangular basally, not reaching beyond
apex of cuneus. Snnall cell of nnales reduced, inner
nnargin curved basally, posterior nnargin straight,
thickened near the cuneus. Large cell in fennales
half nnoon-like. Snnall cell subtriangular, posterior
margin reaching beyond apex of cuneus and related
to it by the outer margin. Abdomen: brown with
short white setae. Pygophore (Fig. 28).
Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 29) sickle¬
shaped. Right paramere (Fig. 30) reduced, primary
apophysis acute. Phallus or aedeagus (Fig. 31-32)
with numerous sclerites (S1-S4) or sclerotised
areas (SA, Fig. 31), theca (Th) strongly sclerotised.
Female genitalia: Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig 33)
narrow, anterior, latero-outer and posterior margins
convex, devoid of sclerite, latero-inner margin
concave. Dorsal labiate plate (DLP) sclerotised,
lateral oviducts (LO) obviously separated. Dorsal wall
membranous (Fig. 34). Posterior wall membranous.
Discussion: The habitus and the very peculiar
claws, with large blade-like apically curved
parempodia, one divergent, the other convergent,
with small pulvilli and with pointed teeth, the widely
and deeply punctate pronotum and scutellum, the
strongly sclerotised hemelytra apparently lacking
cuneus, lead us to include the analysed specimens
in the genus Palaucoris Carvalho, 1956. The
unicolorous body and antennae, the male genitalia
and the biareolate membrane are characteristic of
P. novaguineae (Ghauri, 1975). The habitus of this
species is relatively similar to those of several so-
called Hyalopeplini (cf. Plate 11 figs 6-7), even if
the genus Palaucoris is probably related to Vaniini
(Namyatova et al. 2015), presently included in
Cylapinae. This genus was classified, based on its
claw structures, succesively in its own subfamily or
in Bryocorinae. Despite its habitus, it differs notably
from true Mirinae.
P. novaguineae was described by Ghauri (1975:
612-613), on the basis of the female holotype
and two immature paratypes from Papua New
Guinea, Western Highlands Province, Jimi River
Valley. Carvalho (1984c: 84) mentions additional
specimens from Indonesia, Papua Barat (Waghete)
and from Papua New Guinea (north west of
Kainantu, Eastern Highlands; Goroka, Eastern
Highlands; Watut, Morobe).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, P. novaguineae (Ghauri,
1975) was collected by fogging, only one time,
on Artrocarpus incisus (Moraceae). The species
was also found under bark of Araucaria husteinii
(Araucariaceae) (Ghauri 1975: 612).
Vanniusoides Carvalho, Lorenzato, 1978
References: Vanniusoides Carvalho, Lorenzato,
1978: 127, as new genus; Schuh 1995: 39,
catalogue; Gorczyca & Konstantinov 2001:
107, redescription; Cassis et al. 2003: 145,
redescription; Gorczyca 2006a: 24, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Vannius brevis Poppius, 1909, by
original designation.
Vanniusoides brevis (Poppius, 1909) (Plate 8 fig.
13)
Additional nnaterial: 16' ISNB: Papua New
Guinea: Madang: Baiteta, 09.vi.l995, 0. Missa leg.,
Sarcocephalus sp. (Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n° 5138)
(ISNB); East Sepik: 1$ HNHM: Amok, 06.i.l960, Maa T.
C. leg. (Compared with the type by J.M.C. Carvalho) (FC
n° 5060).
References: Vannius brevis Poppius, 1909: 15-
16, as new species; Vanniusoides brevis: Carvalho
& Lorenzato 1978: 128-129, redescription,
DV, MG, new combination; Schuh 1995: 24,
catalogue; Gorczyca & Konstantinov 2001: 107-
108, redescription, head; Cassis et al. 2003: 146,
citation in key; Gorczyca 2006a: 24, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Vanniusoides brevis (Poppius, 1909)
was described on the basis of the female holotype
from Simbang, Huon Golf, Papua New Guinea
alone. Few additional specimens were later cited
in the literature, from Geelvink Bay, Papua Barat,
Indonesia (Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978). The
biology of this species is totally unknown. It is also
the case for the species of Vanniusoides described
from the Fiji Islands and Queensland (Cassis et al.
2003: 124). V clypeatus Gorczyca, Konstantinov,
2001 was collected on a river bank, between the
stones (op. cit.: 109).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, V brevis was recorded
only once, by fogging, from Sarcocephalus sp.
(Rubiaceae).
Deraeocorinae Douglas, Scott, 1865
Deraeocorini Douglas, Scott, 1865
Araspus Distant, 1904
References: Araspus Distant, 1904a: 112, as
new genus; Carvalho 1984a: 59-60, revision;
Schuh 1995: 597, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Type species bymonotypy: Lopus part/Vus Walker
1873b.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Araspus gressitti Carvalho, 1984a (Plate 9 fig. 1)
Additional nnaterial ISNB: 1$: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, ll.v.1995,0. Missa leg., host unknown,
fogging (FC n° 5119); 16': Baiteta, 04.vii.l996, 0. Missa
leg., Sloanea sogeriensis (Eleaocarpaceae), collecting
method unknown^ (FC n° 5120).
References: Araspus gressitti Carvalho, 1984a:
62, as new species; Schuh 1995: 597, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Araspus gressitti Carvalho, 1984a
was described using four specinnens of both
sexes, all fronn New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
No additional specinnen was cited in the literature
since Carvalho’s original description. The biology of
the species is unknown.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, one specinnen was
recorded fronn Sioanea sogeriensis (Eleocarpaceae)
with unknown methodology and the other specinnen
was collected by fogging, on an unknown host plant.
Baitetacoris gen. nov.
Type species: Baitetacoris turschi gen. nov., sp.
nov.
Derivatio nominis: The new genus is named
according to the local place where it was recorded
for the first time: Baiteta Forest, Madang, Papua
New Guinea. Gender: masculine.
Description: Relatively small, rounded, almost
glabrous and shining deraeocorine. Head shorter
than pronotum, frons vertical, vertex carinate,
unsulcate (Fig. 35). Pronotal collar relatively wide,
tomentose. Pronotal diskwidelyand deeply punctate
(Figs 35-36), lacking transverse sulcus, laterally
carinate, without callosities. Claws strongly toothed
at base, devoid of pulvilli. Scutellum swollen, devoid
of tubercles; lateral margins tomentose (Plate
9 figs 9-10). Hemelytra opaque, shining, almost
glabrous and unpunctate (Plate 9 fig. 8). Exocorium
unicolourous. Membrane glabrous.
Discussion: The rounded habitus, the head
shorter than the pronotum, the frons almost
vertical, the relatively long antenna, the wide,
tomentose pronotal collar, the wide and deep
punctation of pronotal disk, the pronotal disk
lacking a preeminent, transverse sulcus around
the callosities, the reduced callosities, the claws
strongly toothed at base but devoid of pulvilli
and with setiform parempodia (i.e. unmodified
in fleshy, flattened pads, convergent or divergent
3 The labels are ambiguous about the methodology
used to collect this specimen, light or fogging, the both
being cited on separate labels.
apically), the opaque hemelytra and the glabrous
membrane all lead us to include the taxon in the
tribe Deraeocorini of the subfamily Deraeocorinae.
Baitetacoris cannot be confused with other genera
of Papuan Deraeocorini. Morobemiris Carvalho,
1985 is a larger bug (total length: 6.8 mm) with a
preeminent scutellum. The posterior margin of the
pronotal disk near humeral angles of Gressitocoris
Carvalho, 1985 is concave. The hemelytra of
Karubacoris transiucidus Carvalho, 1985, of all
Papuacoris Carvalho, 1985 and of all Deraeocoris
Kirschbaum, 1856 species (including the species
originally classified in Cimicicapsus Poppius,
1915b^) are strongly, widely and deeply, punctate.
The clavus and at least the endocorium of Araspus
Distant, 1904a are also widely and deeply punctate.
The anterior area of pronotum of Karamuicoris
Carvalho, 1985 is divided by four longitudinal
ridges. All of these character states are absent
in Baitetacoris gen. nov. The genera Angerianus
Distant, 1904c and Garainamiris Carvalho, 1981b,
both known from Papua New Guinea and classified
in Deraeocorini until now, are more elongate, with
different scutellum, embolium, antenna, dorsal
pilosity etc.
There are few already described deraeocorine
species in Australia. Only five genera are cited from
the continent: Deraeocoris Kirschbaum, 1856,
Eurybrochis Kirkaldy, 1902a, Finguius Distant,
1904b, Pseudocamptobrochis Poppius, 1911c and
Termatomiris Ghauri, 1975 (Cassis & Gross 1995).
All of these genera differ from Baitetacoris by the
habitus, particularly by the pronotal shape, dorsal
punctation, dorsal pilosity and for the most of them
the total length.
The Oriental or East Pa I a ea retie genera Cimidaeorus
Hsiao, Ren, 1983, Dortus Distant, 1910a,
Lamprocarnum Reuter, 1891 and Paranix Hsiao,
Ren, 1983 can also be separated of the new genus
by their habitus, particularly by the hemelytral
punctation.
Three of the four genera of Deraeocorini of New
Zealand - Poeciiomiris Eyies, 2006, Reuda White,
1878 and Romna Kirkaldy, 1906 - have lateral
carinae on pronotum, as Baitetacoris gen. nov.
However, Poeciiomiris and Romna differ by the
habitus (mainly their elongate shape, larger size
and wide hemelytral punctation), Reuda by the
4 Cimicicapsus Poppius, 1915 was treated as a junior
synonym of Deraeocoris Kirschbaum, 1856 by Schuh
(1995) but as valid by some other recent authors
(for example: Yasunaga et al. 2001). Its habitus is
Deraeocor/s-like, with a strong dorsal punctation and a
relatively long pilosity.
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(plates 7-18)
head structure (the oblique frons and vertex are
below top of the eyes in this genus according to
Eyies 2006). For us, no other deraeocorine genera
known around the world could easily acconnnnodate
our Papuan specinnens. The total length of sonne of
thenn can be relatively snnall and inferior to 3 nnnn
(contrarily to Carvalho & Costa 1997), even if it is
unusual in the tribe. This is the case for the South
and Central Annerican genus Lundiella Carvalho,
1951, for our new genus Missacoris (cf. hereafter)
and for Baitetacoris. However, the habitus of the
three genera are relatively different. The exocoriunn
(= ennboliunn) of Lundiella is widened basally, the
cuneus in this genus is strongly declivous and
the dorsal pilosity is long and erect (Carvalho &
Maldonado 1982). Moreover, the second antennal
segment is never club-like in the males, but only
in the females of Lundiella. Baitetacoris gen. nov.
is easily separated of Missacoris n. gen by the
structure of scutellum and hemelytra.
As pointed out by Cassis (1995) and Cassis & Eyes
(2006), the tribal classification of Deaeocorinae is
unsatisfactory, with the diagnosis of nominal tribes
remaining insufficient. At present, no deraeocorine
tribe otherthan Termatophylini could be established
for sure as a monophyletic group (Cassis, op. cit.).
The tribe Deraeocorini seems to be defined “chiefly
on the basis of absent characters” and “basically
a taxon that contains the genera that could
not be placed within the more narrowly defined
tribes” (Cassis 1995: 327). The relationships
of the included genera remain to be clarified.
Consequently, the relationships of Baitetacoris
gen. nov. to the other deraeocorine genera are still
totally unknown. On the base of external anatomy
alone, Baitetacoris gen. nov. could be related to
Lundiella Carvalho, 1951.
Baitetacoris turschi sp. nov. (Figs 35-43, plate 9
figs 8-10)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Baitetacoris turschi gen. nov., sp. nov. FC n° 5113. Det.
F. Cherot, 2011” / “Holotype” / “Holotype Baitetacoris
turschi Cherot, Gorczyca, Schwartz & Dennol” / “Coll. I.
R. Sc. N. B., Canopy nnission P. N. G., Madang Province,
Baiteta, FOG AR43, 17.iv.l996, Leg. 0. Missa” [the code
FOG corresponds to fogging and the code AR43 to an
unidentified host plant] (FC n° 5113).
Paratypes 6 specinnens ISNB: 1(5': Baiteta, lO.v.1995,
0. Missa leg., Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae),
fogging (FC n° 5114); 4(5': Baiteta, 16.V.1995, 0. Missa
leg., Celtis philippinensis (UInnaceae), fogging (FC n°s
5109-5112); iS: Baiteta, 06.vi.l995, 0. Missa leg.,
Celtis philippinensis (UInnaceae), fogging (FC n° 5115).
Derivatio nominis: The new species is dedicated
to our esteemed colleague and friend Prof. Bernard
Tursch (Free University of Brussels, Belgium), for
his important contribution to classification of the
genus Oliva (Mollusca) and in remembrance of the
numerous stimulating discussions about taxonomy
in his laboratory during the PhD of the first author.
Description: Small-sized rounded deraeocorine
(Plate 9 fig. 8), total length (in dorsal view): 1.81
to 2.2, maximal width of hemelytra (slightly under
apex of scutellum): 1.13 to 1.27. Head. Clypeus
free, not covered by the frons in dorsal view, red-
brown, with short, suberect, white setae. Maxillary
and mandibular plates small, uncarinate, lacking
tubercle, red brown to black, bearing relatively
long, erect, white setae. Frons slightly rounded, not
striate, bright red brown to black, almost glabrous
(Fig. 35). Eyes large, glabrous, red-brown to grey,
occupying majority of head height in lateral view.
Total width of diatone: 0.61 to 0.67, width of vertex:
0.27 to 0.30. Vertex slightly carinate, narrow carina
black. Middle of vertex unsulcate, bright red brown,
almost glabrous, slightly striate. Antenna relatively
short. First and second segments relatively thick,
yellowish, second red-brown and club-like apically.
Third and fourth segments narrower, yellow to
brown. Pilosity of Joints white, sub-erect, stiff,
slightly longer than width of second segment.
Lengths of the Joints: I: 0.27 to 0.36, II: 0.91
to 1.02, III: 0.22 to 0.26 and IV: 0.20 to 032.
Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 36). Total length (collar
included): 0.61 to 0.73, posterior width: 1.12 to
1.28. Collar relatively large (medial length: 0.03
to 0.05), dull, grey. Pronotal callosities apparently
absent. Pronotal disk almost glabrous. Pronotal
surface shining red brown to black with large and
deep black punctation, punctation locally fused
and forming a complex reticulated web. Anterior
part of disk, along collar, shining black, lacking
punctation. Posterior margin of disk concolorous.
Lateral margins of disk each with black carina.
Mesoscutum totally covered (Plate 9 fig. 8).
Scutellum glabrous, smooth, swollen (Fig. 39),
unicolourous red brown (Plate 9 fig. 9). Length:
0.49 to 0.55, basal width: 0.47 to 0.61. Lateral
margins tomentose, grey (Fig. 36, plate 9 figs 9-10).
Legs. Yellow. Metafemora with brown spinulae and
with yellowish, relatively short spines. Segments of
tarsi yellow-brown, claws brown. Hemelytra bright
(Plate 9 fig. 8), almost smooth i.e. unpunctate and
very slightly striate with short, erect, sparse, white
setae. Clavus opaque, dark brown. Endocorium
opaque, claval vein black. Exocorium rounded,
explaned, red-brown, sometimes with long, curved.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
black line rising apically (Fig. 37). Outer nnargins of Male genitalia: Left parannere (Fig. 42) wide,
exocoriunn red brown. Embolio-corial suture black with large basis and secondary apophysis. Right
with line of large black punctations. Cuneus brown, parannere reduced (cf. Fig. 41, Rp), primary
rounded and curved. Length of cuneus: 0.22 to apophysis acute. Phallus or aedeagus (Fig. 43) with
0.41, width of cuneus: 0.13 to 0.23. Membrane membranous lobe, sclerotised theca and basal
white, veins yellowish. Abdomen black, with long sclerite. Ductus seminis and secondary gonopore
white setae (Fig. 40). Pygophore (Fig. 41). minute.
Figures 35-40. Baitetacoris turschi gen. nov., sp. nov. 35- Head, frontal view (paratype FC n° 5109); 36 - Prono-
tal surface (paratype FC n° 5109); 37 - Right corium (paratype FC n° 5109); 38 - Left mesotibia and hemelytra
(paratype FC n° 5109); 39 - Habitus, lateral view (paratype FC n° 5109); 40 - Pygophore (holotype FC n°5113)
[scale bar 0.1 mm].
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(plates 7-18)
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale unknown.
Discussion: Baitetacoris turschi gen. nov., sp.
nov. can easily be recognised by its habitus. From
Missacoris gen. nov., Baitetacoris gen. nov. can be
separated by its scutellum lacking three sub-basal
tubercles but with tomentose wide lateral margins
and by the structures of its hemelytra.
Hosts: Baitetacoris turschi gen. nov., sp. nov. was
recorded by fogging, in four independent collection
events, on two different host plants: Chisocheton
ceramicus (Meliaceae) and Ceitis phiiippinensis
(Ulmaceae).
Fingulus Distant, 1904b
References: Finguius Distant, 1904b: 275,
as new genus; Stonedahl & Cassis 1991: 5-10,
redescription, key of species; Schuh 1995:
626-627, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: Finguius atrocaeruieus Distant,
1904b, by monotypy.
Finguius novobritanicus Stonedahl, Cassis, 1991
(Plate 9 fig. 2)
Additional material 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, ll.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., host
unknown, light trap (FC n° 4143).
References: Finguius novobritanicus Stonedahl,
Cassis, 1991: 38-39
Discussion: Finguius novobritanicus Stonedahl,
Cassis, 1991 was described on four specimens of
5 This species was omitted by Schuh (1995) in his
catalogue. It is not introduced yet in the online version
of the work.
46
DLP
47
Figures 41-47. Papuan Heteroptera. 41-43: Baitetacoris turschi gen. nov., sp. nov., genitalia of 6 paratype FC n°
5113. 41 - Pygophore, dorsal view; 42 - Left para meres; 43 - Phallus; 44-45: Missacoris sigwaltae gen. nov.,
sp. nov., genitalia of holotype 44 - Parieto-vaginal rings, dorsal view; 45 - Posterior wall; 46-47: Garainamiris
antennatus Carvalho, 1981b, $ FC n° 4149: 46 - Parieto-vaginal rings, dorsal view; 47 - Right S Sclerite, dorsal
view [scale bar 0.1 mm, except figs 41-42 scale bar 0.05 mm].
75
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
both sexes fronn Papua New Guinea, two fronn East
New Britain, one fronn Madang and one fronn Milne
Bay Provinces. The biology of this species is totally
unknown. However, according to Stonedahl &
Cassis (1991: 8), nnost species of the genus could
be generalized predators with little or no host plant
specificity and several species have been taken in
light traps.
Fingulus sp.
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1(5': Baiteta, 08.vi.l995, 0. Missa leg.,
Hapholobus sp. (Burseraceae), fogging (FC n° 4148);
1$: Baiteta, 24.vii.1996, 0. Missa leg., fogging (FC n°
4147).
Discussion: We were not able to identify these
two snnall Fingulus specinnens to species level.
Missacoris gen. nov.
Type species: M/ssacor/s s/gwa/tae gen. nov., sp.
nov.
Derivatio nonninis: The new genus is dedicated to
our good colleague Olivier Missa (University of York,
United Kingdonn), who collected - in the frannework
of his PhD about Curculionidae biodiversity at ULB
and ISNB - not only the specinnens studied in the
present work, but also a lot of other invertebrates,
including nunnerous true bugs, in Baiteta Forest.
Without Oliver’s hard work, we would not have
obtained such an interesting collection, with
accurate data on host plants. Gender: nnasculine.
Description: Relatively snnall, rounded, ainnost
glabrous and shining deraeocorine. Head shorter
than pronotunn, frons vertical, vertex carinate,
unsulcate(Fig. 48). Pronotal collar wide, tonnentose.
Pronotal disk widely and deeply punctate (Figs 48,
50), lacking transverse sulcus, laterally carinate,
callosities reduced. Olaws strongly toothed at
base, lacking pulvilli. Scutellunn swollen, with
three subbasal blunt tubercles (Plate 9 figs 4-7).
Hennelytra opaque, shining, ainnost glabrous and
unpunctate (Plate 9 fig. 7). Exocoriunn rounded,
narrowed subnnedially on inner nnargin, opaque,
ivory-white, with brown patche, red-brown outer
nnargin and wide brown spoon-like to leaf-like stripe
on subnnedial part of inner nnargin. Mennbrane
glabrous.
Discussion: The head shorter than the pronotunn,
the vertical frons, the relatively long antenna, the
wide, tonnentose pronotal collar, the wide and
deep punctation of pronotal disk, the pronotal disk
lacking a proenninent, shining, transverse sulcus
around the callosities, the reduced callosities, the
claws strongly toothed at base but lacking pulvilli
and with setifornn parennpodia (i.e. unnnodified
in fleshy, flattened pads, convergent or divergent
apically), the opaque hennelytra and the nnennbrane
glabrous all led us to include the taxon in the tribe
Deraeocorini of the subfannily Deraeocorinae.
Missacoris can hardly be confused with other
genera of Papuan Deraeocorini. When we use
Carvalho’s (1985: 448) key of Deraocorinae fronn
Papua New Guinea (in fact a key of Deraeocorini,
the Saturnionnirini being excluded as the paper only
concerns one tribe according to its title), we are not
able to go beyond point nunnber 1: our specinnen
is snnall (2.9 nnnn) in contrast to Morobemiris
giluwensis Carvalho, 1985, the sole species
included in the genus Morobemiris Carvalho,
1985. However, the scutellunn of our specinnen is
strongly proenninent (as Morobemiris and contrarily
to the other genera cited in the key), but raised sub-
basally in three blunt tubercles (in not subapically
in one tubercle). The genera Angerianus Distant,
1904c, Araspus Distant, 1904a and Garainamiris
Carvalho, 1981b, all known fronn Papua New
Guinea and classified in Deraeocorini until now,
were onnitted by Carvalho (1985). Fortunately,
they were reviewed recently (Carvalho 1981b,
1984a; Stonedahl 1991) and several illustrations
of the habitus of sonne included species were
provided in the literature. We can exclude our
specinnen fronn these genera: their species are
nnore elongate, with different scutellunn, ennboliunn,
antenna, dorsal pilosity etc. A connparison with
other deraeocorine genera on a World-scale is
nnore difficult, because the available key (Carvalho
1955) is totally outdated. As already pointed out,
the Australian deraeocorine fauna is relatively
poor, including only five genera: Deraeocoris,
Eurybrochis, Fingulus, Pseudocamptobrochis
and Termatomiris (Cassis & Gross 1995). The
nnennbership of our Papuan specinnen to these
genera can be excluded by the habitus, particularly
by the pronotal shape, dorsal punctation and
dorsal pilosity. The nnennbership to the Oriental
or east Palaearctic genera Cimidaeorus, Dortus,
Lamprocarnum and Paranix can also be excluded
by the habitus of these taxa, particularly by the
hennelytral punctation. Three of the four genera of
Deraeocorini of New Zealand - Poecilomiris, Reuda
and Romna - have lateral carinae on pronotunn, as
Missacoris gen. nov. However, Poecilomiris and
Romna differ by the habitus (nnainly their elongate
shape, larger size and wide hennelytral punctation),
Reuda by the head structure (the oblique frons
76
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
and vertex are below top of the eyes in this genus
according to Eyies 2006). We were not able to find
any sinnilar deraeocorine genus to Missacoris gen.
nov. elsewhere in the world. Consequently, we feel
free to describe our specinnen as a new genus.
The relationships of Missacoris gen. nov. to other
Deareacorini are totally unknown, a phylogenetic
analysis of the tribe on a world-scale is still lacking.
Missacoris sigwaitae sp. nov. (Figs 44-45, 48-52,
plate 9 figs 4-7)
Holotype $ ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Missacoris sigwaitae gen. nov., sp. nov. FC n° 4174.
Det. F. Cherot, 2011”/ “Holotype” / “Holotype Missacoris
sigwaitae Cherot, Gorczyca, Schwartz & Dennol” / “Coll. I.
R. Sc. N. B., Canopy Mission P. N. G., Madang Province,
Baiteta, FOG AR 50, 25.vii.1996, Leg. 0. Missa“ [the
code FOG corresponds to fogging and the code AR50 to
an unidentified host plant] (FC n° 4174).
Derive tie nonninis: The new species is dedicated
to our esteenned colleague Dr. D. Pluot-Sigwalt
(Museunn National d’Histoire naturelle, Paris,
France), for her invaluable contribution to the study
of the nnorphology and anatonny of several poorly
known Heteroptera, particularly in the fannilies
Anthocoridae, Cydnidae, Lygaeidae s. I., Miridae,
Pyrrhocoridae and Reduviidae and for the kind help
she always provided to the first author during his
stays at Paris’ Museunn.
Description: Relatively snnall-sized rounded
Deraeocorine (Plate 9 fig. 4) - total length (in
lateral view): 2.94, nnaxinnal width of hennelytra (at
level of apex of scutellunn): 1.69 - with a swollen
tuberculate scutellunn (Fig. 49, plate 9 fig. 5).
Head. Clypeusfree butainnost not visible in dorsal
view, black, apparently glabrous. Maxillary and
nnandibular plates snnall, partially glued, apparently
uncarinate, lacking tubercle, orange brown. Frons
slightly rounded, not striate, shining orange brown
with red brown to black stripes along eyes and
sparse, short, recunnbent or suberect, white setae,
without sericeous or woolly setae (Fig. 48). Eyes
large, glabrous, pinkish, occupying nnajority of head
height in lateral view. Total width of diatone: 0.70,
Figures 48-52. Missacoris sigwaitae gen. nov., sp. nov., holotype 48 - Flead, lateral view; 49 - Pronotunn and
scutellunn, lateral view; 50 - Pronotal surface; 51 - Scutellunn, dorsal view; 52 - Abdomen, ventral view
[scale bar 0.1 mm].
77
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
width of vertex: 0.32. Vertex carinate, unsulcate
medially, shiny red brown, almost glabrous. Antenna
elongate. First segment thick, yellowish. Second,
third and fourth segments narrower, second slightly
club-like, yellow to orange with a lateral red brown
stripe basally, red brown to black apically, third and
fourth yellow. Pilosity white, sub-erect, stiff, shorter
than width of first segment but obviously longer
than width of following segments. Lengths of joints:
I: about 0.43, II: 1.53, III: about 0.44 and IV: about
0.25 (measurements are made on left antenna,
two last segments of right antenna being lacking;
unfortunately segments of left antenna are not
perfectly straight). Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 50).
Total length (collar included): 0.79, posterior width:
1.26. Collar relatively large (medial length: 0.15),
dull, grey, with numerous small black callosities.
Pronotal callosities apparently absent. Pronotal
disk almost glabrous. Pronotal surface shining
red brown to black with large and deep black
punctation, punctation locally fused and forming
complex reticulated web. Anterior part of disk, along
collar, shining black, lacking punctation. Posterior
margin of disk yellow to whitish. Lateral margins
of disk each with black carina. Mesoscutum
totally covered in middle, laterally black (Plate 9
fig. 6). Scutellum glabrous, swollen, red brown,
with two lateral and a medial ivory-white tubercles
(Plate 9 figs 6-7). Length: 0.55, basal width: 0.75.
Legs. Yellow. Metafemora with sub-erect, yellowish
setae, black spinulae and white to yellowish spines.
Segments of tarsi yellow, claws brown. Flemelytra
glabrous, shiny, almost smooth i.e. unpunctate and
very slightly striate (Plate 9 fig. 4). Clavus opaque,
basally dark brown, medially brown, apically ivory-
white, margins darker, red-brown. Endocorium
opaque, ivory-white, with large subapical brown
patches. Exocorium rounded, narrowed submedially
on inner margin, opaque, ivory-white, with brown
patch, red-brown outer margin and wide brown
spoon-like to leaf-like stripe on submedial part of
inner margin. Cuneus yellowish, inner margin with
an apical brown stripe. Length of cuneus: 0.32,
width of cuneus: 0.25. Membrane brown medially,
yellowish laterally, veins brown. Abdomen: black,
with long white setae.
Female genitalia: Parieto-vaginal rings thin,
hardly visible (Fig. 44). Posterior wall (Fig. 45)
membranous, with a pair of sigmoid lateral sclerites.
Male unknown.
Discussion: Missacoris sigwaltae gen. nov., sp.
nov. can easily be recognised by its habitus. No
Papuan Dereaocorine is similar to this strange
animal.
Flosts: unknown.
Papuacoris Carvalho, 1985
References: Papuacoris Carvalho, 1985: 465-
466, as new genus; Schuh 1995: 630, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Deraeocoris colocasiae (Poppius,
1915a), by original designation.
Papuacoris vittatus (Reuter, 1908) (Plate 9 fig. 3)
Additional material 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Branman Miss., 05.V.1988, Station 16, leg. J.
VanStalle(FCn° 5116).
References: Camptobrochis vittatus Reuter,
1908: 188, as new species; Papuacoris vittatus:
Carvalho 1985: 470, redescription, comb, nov., DV,
MG; Schuh 1995: 630, catalogue; Schuh 2002-
2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Papuacoris vittatus (Reuter, 1908)
was described on the female lectotype from Java
alone. Carvalho (1985: 470) cites some additional
specimens from Papua Barat and Papua New
Guinea.
Flosts: unknown.
Note: This species was not recorded from Baiteta
Forest.
Saturniomirini Carvalho, 1952
Garainamiris Carvalho, 1981b new tribal
assignment
References: Garainamiris Carvalho, 1981b: 479,
as new genus; Schuh 1995: 627, catalogue; Schuh
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Garainamiris antennatusCarva\ho,
1981b, by original designation and monotypy.
Garainamiris antennatus Carvalho, 1981b (Figs
46-47, 53-59, plate 10 figs 1-2)
Additional material ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 66', 2$: Baiteta, 05.V.1995, 0. Missa leg.,
on Tristiropsis acutangula (Sapindaceae), fogging
(FC n°s 4150-4156, 4159); 1$: idem, ll.v.1995,
0. Missa leg., host unknown, fogging (FC n° 4149);
1(6: idem, 17.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton
welandia (Meliaceae), fogging (FC n° 4160); 2(6: idem,
20.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Celtis latifolia (Ulmaceae),
fogging (FC n °s 4157-4158).
Other taxa examined for comparison (Plate 10
figs 3-12): Cheesmaniella clavonigra Carvalho, 1984b.
Indonesia: Papua Barat: paratype 1(6 MNRJ: Swart Valley,
Karubaka, 21.xi.l958 (FC n° 4212). Cheesmaniella
fasciata Carvalho, 1984b. Indonesia: Papua Barat:
paratype 1$ MNRJ: Nete (= Netherlands), Vogelkop,
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Boden (ou Bodenn), llknn south-east of Oberfaren, 07- Indonesia: Papua Barat: Cendrawasih Peninsula:
17.vii.l959, Maa T. C. leg. (FC n° 4211). Cheesmaniella paratype 1$ MNRJ: Kebar Valley, west of Manokwari,
n/gra Carvalho, 1984b. Indonesia: Papua Barat: paratype 04-31.1.1962, Quate L. W. leg. (FC n° 4209). Imogen
1$ MNRJ: Nete (= Netherlands) Vogelkop, llknn south- formosa Kirkaldy, 1905. Papua New Guinea: New Britain:
east of Oberfaren, 08.vi. 1959, Gressitt J. L. leg. (FC n° 1$ MNRJ: Gazelle Pen., upper Warengui, Araburn,
4210). Cheesmaniella notomaculata Carvalho, 1984b. 28.xi.1962, SedlacekJ. leg. (FC n° 4206). Other /mogen
Figures 53-59. Garainamiris antennatus Carvalho, 1981b. 53 - Flead, lateral view (FC n° 4154); 54 - Second
antennal segnnent (FC n° 4154); 55 - Thorax, lateral view (FC n° 4158); 56 - Flead and pronotal surface, dorsal
view (FC n° 4154); 57 - Pretarsus and claw (FC n° 4154); 58 - Right clavus and coriunn (FC n° 4154); 59 - Abdo¬
men, ventral view (female FC n ° 4149) [scale bar 0.1 mm, except fig. 56 scale bar 1 mm].
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Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
species: cf. paragraphs about I. b/co/or (Poppius, 1912),
I. fasciatus Carvalho, 1983 and I. papuensis Carvalho,
1983 hereafter. Saturniomiris lugens (Walker, 1873b).
Papua New Guinea: 1? BMNH syntype of Capsus tristis
Walker, 1873): “[locality unknown] Saunders W. W.
leg.”; Western Province: 1? MNRJ: Kiunga (?), viii.1969,
Sedlacek J. & M. leg.(FC n° 4208). Synthlipsis annulipes
Carvalho, 1953. Australia: Queensland: 1? paratype
MNRJ: Kuranda, vi.l904, Dodd F. P. leg. (FC n° 4213).
Synthlipsis ternatensis (Distant, 1904). Indonesia:
Ternate Island: syntype 1? BMNFI: J. J. Walker leg. (FC
n ° 5353). Trilaccus nigroruber Florvath, 1902. Australia:
New South Wales: syntype 16' MNRJ: Richnnond R. leg.
(FC n° 5061) (HNHM); 1?: Norton’s Bassin, Penrith,
13. vi. 1918, Musgrave A. leg. (FC n°4214).
References: Garainamiris antennatus Carvalho,
1981b: 479, as new species; Schuh 1995: 627,
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Addition to the original description: The
genitalia of the fennale were still unknown. We take
advantage of the nunnerous available specinnens
fronn Baiteta Forest to describe thenn. Parieto-
vaginal rings (Fig. 46) elongate, anterior margin
convex, posterior margin almost straight, latero-
outer and latero-inner margins short, first convex,
latter acute. In dorsal view, rings partially hidden by
membranous dorsal wall (Dw) and lateral oviducts
(LO). Dorsal labiates plate and seminal depository
membranous. A sclerite S (Fig. 47) arises from the
first (or eighth) valvifers (or gonocoxites). Posterior
wall membranous.
Discussion: Carvalho (1981b: 479) described
his new genus Garainamiris to accommodate his
new species G. antennatus Carvalho, 1981 from
Garaina, Papua New Guinea (Morobe Province), on
the basis of the male holotype alone. The specimens
from Baiteta Forest perfectly fit Carvalho’s original
description and drawings (Carvalho op. cit., p. 480,
Figs 1-5). In his description, Carvalho (op. cit.: 479)
points out the amazing shape of (male) second
antennal segment, describing it as “characteristic,
incrassate at base”, but omitting to mention some
other important character states of this segment.
Strictly speaking, the second antennal segment is
not “incrassate at base” but incrassate sub-basally,
after a short cylindrical base. It is also sulcate almost
on its entire length, from its swollen anterior part to
its apex, the sulcus is curved, wide, relatively deep
basally, straight, narrower and shallower medially
and apically. The sulcate side of second antennal
segment is flat in comparison of the convex other
sides of the same segment. Both last antennal
segments are classical, i.e. subcylindrical, yellow-
brown, and narrower than the second to its apex.
The female is very similar to the male, but lighter
particularly on the head, the pronotum and the
hemelytra, with a second antennal segment
subcylindrical, slightly thickened apically.
Amazingly, Carvalho (1981b: 479) originally
classified his new genus in the tribe Deraeocorini
and not in his tribe Saturniomirini Carvalho, 1952.
Nevertheless, he compared Garainamiris only
to Synthiipsis Kirkaldy, 1908b, a Saturniomirini,
and Garainamiris possesses all character states
cited by Carvalho (1952; 1955) and by Carvalho
& Costa (1997) for the tribe Saturniomirini, i.e.
the anterior part of pronotum strongly narrowed
behind the callosities, the callosities large, wide,
medially fused, covering the lateral margins of
the pronotum, the eyes styled or substyled and
the second cell of the membrane absent or very
reduced. Moreover, Garainamiris antennatus, as
Imogen Kirkaldy, 1905 - also a Saturniomirini -
and Synthlipsis Kirkaldy, 1908b, has the pronotal
callosities laterally prolonged in an ocellate or
button-like structure.
Even if the tribal subdivisions of the subfamily
Deraeocorinae are unsatisfactory (Cassis 1995;
Cassis & Eyies 2006), if the tribal rank given to
the Saturniomirini is impossible to confirm given
the lack of a phylogeny of the subfamily and if the
validity of several genera classified in Saturniomirini
should be analysed (see Carvalho 1986b), the
Saturniomirini seem to constitute a natural group
of genera in the Deraeocorinae.
We consequently transfer Garainamiris Carvalho,
1981 from the Deraeocorini to Saturniomirini
Carvalho, 1952 (new tribal assignment).
With the new assignment, the tribe Saturniomirini
includes the 6 following genera:
Cheesmanieiia Carvalho, 1984b
Garainamiris Carvalho, 1981
Imogen Kirkaldy, 1905
Saturniomiris Kirkaldy, 1902a
Synthiipsis Kirkaldy, 1908b
Triiaccus Horvath, 1902
Garainamiris Carvalho, 1981 is easily separated
from Cheesmanieiia Carvalho, 1984b and
from Saturniomiris Kirkaldy, 1902a by the
pronotal punctation. The pronotal punctation
of Saturniomiris iugens is very dense, relatively
narrow and deep, the pronotal punctation of the
four Cheesmanieiia's species is sparser, wider
and also relatively deep whereas the pronotal
punctation of Garainamiris antennatus is sparse,
wide and shallow, the pronotum seeming almost
80
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Figures 60-61. Imogen fasciatus Carvalho, 1983 and /. papuensis Carvalho, 1983, fennale genitalia. Parieto-vagi-
nal rings of /. fasciatus (Fig. 60) and /. papuensis (Fig. 61) respectively [scale bar 0.1 nnnn].
unpunctate in dorsal view at low nnagnification.
Garainamiris antennatus can be also easily
separated fronn the Papuan Imogen Kirkaldy, 1905
by its elongate body shape (the Imogen species are
rounded, their exocoria being convex). The genus
is nnore sinnilar to Synthlipsis Kirkaldy, 1908b and
Trilaccus Horvath, 1902 by the habitus. However,
the dorsal punctation of Trilaccus Horvath, 1902,
particularly its hennelytral punctation, seenns nnore
reduced. Finally, Garainamiris is the sole genus
of Saturnionnirini with such extraordinary sexual
dinnorphisnn of second antennal segnnent.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, Garainamiris antennatus
Carvalho, 1981b was recorded by fogging, in four
independent collection events, on three different
identified host plants: Ceitis iatifoiia (UInnaceae),
Chisocheton weiandia (Meliaceae) and Tristiropsis
acutanguia (Sapindaceae). Apparently, the species
was not cited in the literature since its description
and its biology was totally unknown.
Imogen Kirkaldy, 1905
References: Imogen Kirkaldy, 1905: 337, as new
genus; Schuh 1995: 648, catalogue; Schuh 2002-
2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Imogen formosa Kirkaldy, 1905 by
m 0 n oty py.
Imogen bicolor (Poppius, 1912b) (Plate 10 fig. 7)
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, 02.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on
Dysoxylum patigravianum (Meliaceae), fogging (FC
n° 4146); Wau: 1? MNRJ: Wau, 30.vi.l965, Sedlacek
J. leg. (FC n°4205) (connpared with the type by J.C.M.
Carvalho).
References: Araspus bicolor Poppius,
1912b: 227, as new species. Imogen bicolor.
Akingbohungbe 1978: 89, redescription,
new connbination; Carvalho 1983: 401-402,
redescription, new connbination, DV, MG; Schuh
1995: 648, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Discussion: Imogen bicolor (Poppius, 1912b)
was described on a snnall series of nnale specinnens
fronn Ighibirei, Central Province, Papua New Guinea.
Carvalho (1983: 402) cites additional specinnens
fronn Papua Barat, Indonesia and fronn Papua New
Guinea.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, Imogen /n/co/or (Poppius,
1912b) was recorded only one tinne, by fogging, on
Dysoxylum patigravianum (Meliaceae).
Imogen fasciatus Carvalho, 1983 (Fig. 60, plate
10 fig. 8)
Holotype $ USNM: Papua New Guinea: Morobe:
“Finschhafen, 04.V.1944, Ross E. S.” (FC n° 5250).
Paratype $ MNRJ: Central Province: Owen Stanley
Range, Golalai, Tapini, 16-25.xi.l957, Brandt W. W. leg.
(FCn°4207).
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Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 1995, 0. Missa leg., host and collecting
method unknown (FC n° 4144).
References: Imogen fasciatus Carvalho, 1983:
402- 403, as new species, DV; Schuh 1995: 648,
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Addition to the original description: The
genitalia of both sexes were unknown still, the
male sex remaining totally unknown. We take
advantage of the available specimens to provide
hereafter a first description of the female genitalia:
Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 60) large, anterior margin
straight, posterior, latero-outer and latero-inner
margins convex. Dorsal wall membranous, partially
hidden rings in dorsal view, lateral oviducts wide,
and “worm-like” or spermathecal gland elongate.
Seminal depositoryand posteriorwall membranous.
Discussion: Imogen fasciatus Carvalho, 1983
was described on five female specimens, the
holotype from Finschafen (Morobe, Papua New
Guinea) and four paratypes, three from Papua New
Guinea (Central Province, Eastern Highlands and
Wau respectively) and one from Papua Barat. Its
biology - including host plant - is totally unknown.
Imogen papuensis Carvalho, 1983 (Fig. 61, plate
10 fig. 10)
Holotype $ USNM: Papua New Guinea: Northern:
“M(oun)t Lamington Province, C. T. McNamara coll.” (FC
n° 5221).
Paratype $ MNRJ: Kokoda Pitoki, 24.iii.1956, Gressitt
J. L. leg. (FCn°4204).
Additional material 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 05.V.1995, 0. Missa leg., on Tristiropsis
acutangula (Sapindaceae), fogging (FC n° 4145).
References: Imogen papuensis Carvalho, 1983:
403- 404 (as new species, DV); Schuh 1995: 648,
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Addition to the original description: The
genitalia of both sexes were unknown still. We take
advantage of the available specimens to provide
hereafter a first description of the female genitalia:
Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 61) reduced, obviously
separated, elongate, with margins slightly convex.
Dorsal wall and posteriorwall membranous, lateral
oviducts wide.
Discussion: Imogen papuensis Carvalho, 1983
was described on nine specimens of both sexes,
the female holotype from Mt. Lamington (northern
Papua New Guinea) and eight paratypes, seven
from Papua New Guinea (Morobe, Northern and
Wau respectively) and one from Papua Barat. Its
biology was totally unknown. In Baiteta Forest, /.
papuensis was recorded only one time by fogging
from Tristiropsis acutangula (Sapindaceae).
Mirinae Hahn, 1833
Hyalopeplini Carvalho, 1952
In his unpublished PhD thesis, Cherot (2002)
suggested the name of family group and of tribal
rank Hyalopeplini Carvalho, 1952 could be treated
as junior subjective synonym of the name Mirini
Hahn, 1833 ®. The genera and species classically
included in the nominal tribe Hyalopeplini are
apparently devoid of diagnostic and potentially
synapomorphic character state. In other words,
they lack common character states absent in other
Mirinae. As a consequence of this absence, they
were included in a large group of Mirinae genera
(the Mirini sensu lato i.e. Mirini + Hyalopeplini sensu
auct.) and do not constitute a monophyletic group
in it. Alone the set Mirini + Hyalopeplini sensu auct
is monophyletic in preliminary cladistic analyses.
Because a new classification of the Mirinae genera
was not yet published (Cherot - op. cit. - including
a disclaiming of nomenclatural purpose of all
nomenclatural acts he suggested, according to
Article 8.3 of the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature, Fourth edition) and because this
issue is beyond the scope of this paper, we adopt
here the classical tribal classification of subfamily,
even if it is now challenged.
Guisardinus Carvalho in Carvalho et Gross, 1979
References: Guisardinus Carvalho in Carvalho et
Gross, 1979: 441-443, as new genus: description,
key, new species; Schuh 1995: 676, catalogue;
Schwartz & Cherot 2005: 7-8, discussion; Schuh
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Guisardinus neoguineanus
Carvalho in Carvalho et Gross, 1979, by original
designation.
Guisardinus neoguineanus Carvalho in Carvalho
et Gross, 1979 (Figs 62-68, plate 11 fig. 1)
Additional material 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 26.V.1995, 0. Missa leg., on Terminalia
sepikana or Piteleocarpus indicum (Combretaceae and
Fabaceae respectively), fogging (FC n° 3853).
Other taxa examined for comparison:
Guisardinus iineatus Carvalho in Carvalho & Gross,
1979: China: paratype $ BMNH: “BMNH”/ “Gu/sarcf/nus
iineatus sp. nov.” / “Paratipo” / “British Museum 1964-
26” (verso) / “L Gressitt coll.” / “Ta Han, Hainan l(slan)
d, 06.vii.l933” (FC n° 977); 1$ CFC: Thailand: Bangkok,
6 Cherot’s (2002) PhD conclusions about Hyalopeplini
were summarised in Cherot (2013).
82
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
10.V.1974, leg. E. Heiss (FC n° 1089).
References: Guisardinus neoguineanus Carvalho
in Carvalho et Gross, 1979: 442, as new species;
Schuh 1995: 676, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Redescription: Body elongate, wide, total length:
6.3, maxinnal width of hennelytra (after nniddle of
hennelytra): 2.51, yellow-brown with red-brown
stripes, hennelytra glossy, yellow-brown. Head.
Clypeus partially covered by frons in dorsal view,
yellow brown, with short and erect setae. Maxillary
and nnandibular plates uncarinate, lacking
tubercle, yellow brown, nnandibular plates elongate
and narrow (Fig. 62). Frons slightly rounded,
laterally striate, yellow-brown to green-grayish, with
very short, recunnbent or suberect, white setae,
without sericeous or woolly setae. Eyes glabrous,
substylate, silvery, occupying about 50 percent of
height of head in lateral view. Total width of diatone:
1.30, width of vertex: 0.55. Vertex uncarinate,
slightly sulcate nnedially. Antenna elongate. First
segnnent yellow-brown, widened and club-shaped
subbasally, narrowed nnedially. Second, third and
fourth segnnents narrower, second red-brown, third
and fourth ainnost black. Lengths of joints: 0.87,
1.90, 1.42, 0.40. Labiunn yellow, short, extending
slightly beyond nnesocoxa; apex black. Thorax.
Pronotunn (Fig. 64). Total length (collar included):
1.54, posterior width: 2.1. Collar large (nnedial
length: 0.33), obviously striate, orange brown,
with a nnedial red-brown to black stripe. Callosities
rounded, yellow brown, separated nnedially and
fronn the lateral nnargins of disk. Pronotal disk
ainnost glabrous, setae very short, suberect.
Pronotal surface yellow brown with pair of dark
brown to black spots on posterior nnargin, a very
narrow nnedial red-brown stripe and two red-brown
to dark-brown spots on swollen hunneral angles.
Punctation wide and deep. Metastethiunn (Fig. 63).
Mesoscutunn totally covered. Scutellunn (Figs
64, 67). Length: 0.83, basal width: 0.95. Yellow,
pilosity white, suberect, punctation wide and deep,
except apex snnooth, the lateral nnargins crenulate.
Legs (Fig. 65). Fennora yellow-brown, with red-
brown patches and brownish, elongate, suberect
setae. Metafennora with suberect, yellowish setae,
two rows of black spinulae and white to yellowish
spines. First segnnent of tarsi yellow, second and
third segnnents darker, second red-brown, third
ainnost black apically. Claws (Fig. 66). Hennelytra
(Fig. 67). Clavus basally opaque, apically slightly
translucent, inner nnargin black, surface orange to
yellow-brown, with nunnerous shallow and narrow
punctation and row of deep and wide punctures
along clavo-corial suture. Claval vein yellow. Pilosity
erect, white, without sericeous or woolly setae.
Coriunn translucent to glassy, orange to yellow-
brown, the corial vein brown, inner nnargin red-
brown to black. A row of deep and relatively wide red-
brown punctures in nniddle of exocoriunn, surface
of coriunn with nunnerous very snnall, narrow and
shallow punctation. Cuneus translucent, orange
to yellow-brown, apex with brown patch. Length of
cuneus: 0.86, width of cuneus: 0.39. Mennbrane
glassy, yellowish, veins yellow to brown. Abdonnen
(Fig. 68): yellowish to gray-green, with long white
setae.
Discussion: Guisardinus neoguineanus Carvalho
in Carvalho & Gross, 1979 was known only by the
fennale holotype fronn Elipatinn Valley, Northern
Province, Papua New Guinea. Our specinnen
perfectly fits with Carvalho’s brief description.
The bug is Guisardus-Wke, with a pair of substyled
eyes, a striate pronotal collar, a strongly punctate
pronotunn, the punctation wide and deep, a pair of
globose hunneral angles and a punctate scutellunn.
Consequently, it can effectively be classified in the
genus Guisardinus Carvalho in Carvalho & Gross,
1979. The colouration - particularly the infuscated
base of clavus and the dark spots of pronotunn -,
nnensurations^ and body shape - with the hennelytra
slightly widened posteriorly - fit well the species G.
neoguineanus. We take advantage of our additional
specinnens to provide hereabove a redescription
of this still poorly known species. Guisardinus
neoguineanus Carvalho in Carvalho & Gross, 1979
can easily be separated fronn G. iineatus (Carvalho
in Carvalho & Gross, 1979), the other Guisardinus
species present in New Guinea (the holotype of G.
iineatus was found in Papua Barat, Muffin Bay).
The hennelytra are widened posteriorly and lack a
transverse fascia on the coriunn at level of clavus
apex in G. neoguineanus; the lateral nnargins of
hennelytra are ainnost straight and the transverse
fasciae obvious in G. iineatus.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, G. neoguineanus was
recorded only once, by fogging, on Terminaiia
sepikana (Connbretaceae) or Piteieocarpus indicum
(Fabaceae).
Guisardus Distant, 1904c
References: Guisardus Distant, 1904c: 436,
as new genus; Carvalho & Gross 1979: 444-451,
redescription, key, new species; Schuh 1995:
676, catalogue; Kerzhner & Josifov 1999: 203,
7 The cuneus length (0.08 nnnn) given by Carvalho &
Gross (1979: 442) is obviously wrong.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Guisardus pellucidus Distant,
1904c, by nnonotypy.
Guisardus strigicollis Poppius, 1912a (Plate 11
fig. 2, plate 12 figs 1-6)
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1(5': Baiteta, 16. ill. 1993, 0. Missa leg., on
Dracontomelum dao {Anacar6\aceae), light (FC n° 3980);
1(5': idem, 12.V.1993, 0. Missa leg., on Dracontomelum
dao (Anacardiaceae), fogging (FC n°1344); 2(5', 1$:
idem, 20.V.1993, 0. Missa leg., on Pomatia pinnata
Figures 62-68. Guisardinus neoguineanus Carvalho in Carvalho et Gross, 1979 (FC n° 3853). 62 - Flead, lateral
view; 63 - Metapleura; 64 - Pronotal surface; 65 - Flind leg; 66 - Pretarsus and claw; 67 - Clavus; 68 - Abdo¬
men, lateral view [scale bar 0.1 mm].
84
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
(Sapindaceae), fogging (FC n°s 3974-3976); 6$: idem,
22.vi.1993, 0. Missa leg., on Dracontomelum dao
(Anacardiaceae), fogging (FC n°s 1338-1343, 3835);
4(5', 2$: idem, 05.V.1995, 0. Missa leg., on Tristiropsis
acutanguia (Sapindaceae), fogging (FC n °s 3874-3879);
6(5', 6$: idem, ll.v.1995, 0. Missa leg., on ?, fogging (FC
n°s 3960-3971); 1(5': idem, 24.V.1995, 0. Missa leg., on
Buchanania heterophyiia (Anacardiaceae) or Hernandia
ovigera (Flernandiaceae)or Vitex cofass us ( Ve r ba n a cea e) ,
fogging (FC n° 3982); 10(5', 8$: idem, 06.vi.l995, 0.
Missa leg., on Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae),
light trap (FC n°s 3914-3931); 1$: idem, 06.vi.l995,
0. Missa leg., on Ceitis phiiippinensis (UInnaceae),
fogging (FC n° 3886); 1?: idem, 30.vi.l995, 0. Missa
leg., on Ficus sp.(Moraceae), fogging (FC n°3984); 1(5',
1$: idem, 08.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton
ceramicus (Meliaceae), light trap (FC n°s 3935-3936);
2(5', 2$: idem, 09.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Dysoxyium
arnoidianum or Homaiium foetidum (Meliaceae and
Flacourtiaceae), light trap (FC n°s 3880-3883); 2(5',
1$: idem, 12.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg., on ?, fogging (FC
n°s 3951, 3972-3973); 1(5': idem, 17.iv.l996, 0. Missa
leg., on ?, fogging (FC n°s 3979); 1(5': idem, 24.iv.1996,
0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae),
fogging (FC n°s 3934a); 1(5', 2$: idem, ?.iv.l996, 0.
Missa leg., on?, lighttrap(FCn°s 3937-3939); 1(5': /cfem,
1.V.1996, 0. Missa leg., on ?, fogging (FC n°s 3983);
6(5', 6$: idem, 27.V.1996, 0. Missa leg., on ?, fogging
(FC n°s 3948-3950, 3952-3959, 3977); 1(5' & 1$:
idem, 03.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Ceitis phiiippinensis
(UInnaceae), light trap (FC n°s 3932-3933); 1$: idem,
04.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Buchanania heterophyiia
(Anacardiaceae) or Hernandia ovigera (Flernandiaceae)
or Vitex cofassus (Verba naceae), light trap (FC n ° 3873);
1$: idem, 05.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Buchanania
heterophyiia (Anacardiaceae) or Hernandia ovigera
(Flernandiaceae) or Vitex cofassus (Verbanaceae), light
trap (FC n° 3872); 2$: idem, 05.vi.l996, 0. Missa
leg., on Ceitis phiiippinensis (UInnaceae), light trap (FC
n°s 3940-3941); 3S, 2$: idem, 10.vi.l996, 0. Missa
leg., on Buchanania heterophyiia (Anacardiaceae) or
Hernandia ovigera (Flernandiaceae) or Vitex cofassus
(Verbanaceae), light trap (FC n°s 3867-3871); 3(5',
4$: idem, 18.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on ?, light trap (FC
n°s 3942-3947); 1(5', 1$: idem, 26.vi.1996, 0. Missa
leg., on Terminaiia sepikana or Piteieocarpus indicum
(Combretaceae and Fabaceae respectively), fogging
(FC n°s 3884-3885); 1$: idem, 27.vi.1996, 0. Missa
leg., host unknown, fogging (FC n° 3978); 1$: idem,
03.vii.l996, 0. Missa leg., on ?, fogging (FC n° 3981).
References: Serropeltis strigicollis Poppius,
1912a: 426-427, as new species; Guisardus
strigicollis Carvalho & Gross 1979: 450-451,
redescription, MG; Schuh 1995: 676, catalogue;
Cherot 2002: 198, 205, 210, SEM, nnisidentified as
Guisardus sp. cf. bogorensis Carvalho in Carvalho et
Gross, 1979; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Carvalho & Gross (1979: 444)
separate the Guisardus species nnainly on
colouration character states. The nnajority of
our specinnens confornn to their description of
G. strigicollis (Plate 11 fig. 2 and plate 12 fig. 1).
However, in the Baiteta Forest specinnens, the
clavus is generally dark (Plate 12 figs 1-2) but not
always totally black (Plate 12 figs 4-5), the dark
pronotal spots are sonnetinnes ainnost erased (Plate
12 fig. 3) and the scutellunn is sonnetinnes darkly
puncturated (Plate 12 fig. 4, arrows). Such dark
puncturesonthescutellunn would be a characteristic
of G. cristovalensis Carvalho in Carvalho & Gross,
1979 according to Carvalho & Gross’ key even if
the specinnen of G. strigicollis pictured in their Fig.
45, p. 451 possesses four dark punctures and if
the punctures of sonne Baiteta Forest’s specinnens
are clear (Plate 12 fig. 5) or absent. Sonne other
specinnens look sinnilar to G. chinensis Carvalho
in Carvalho & Gross, 1979 by their pronotal and
scutellar colouration (Plate 12 fig. 2), but their
head is totally dark brown to black and their second
antennal segment largely dark. We interpret this as
intraspecific variability and we suggest the validity
of the species G. chinensis, G. bogorensis and G.
cristovalensis should be carefully reexamined.
G. strigicollis (Poppius, 1912a) was described only
on the holotype female from Indonesia, Mentawai
(= Mentawei) Archipelago, Sipura (= Sipora)
Island, Sereinu. Carvalho & Gross (1979: 451) cite
additional specimens from Papua Baratand Papua
New Guinea.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, hundred specimens were
recorded, in 27 independent collection events, by
light traps and by fogging, from Ceitis phiiippinensis
(Ulmaceae), Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae),
Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae), Ficus sp.
(Moraceae), Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae),
Tristiropsis acutanguia (Sapindaceae) and several
unidentified (other) plants.
Hyalopeplinus Carvalho in Carvalho et Gross,
1979
References: Hyalopeplinus Carvalho in Carvalho
et Gross, 1979: 451, as new genus; Schuh 1995:
676-677, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: Callicratides antennalis Distant,
1920, original designation.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Hyalopeplinus papuensis Carvalho in Carvalho et
Gross, 1979 (Plate 11 fig. 3)
Paratype $ BMNH: Papua New Guinea: Northern:
“Gulariu River, Biniguni, 14.vii to 14.viii.l953, Tate M. G.
leg.”(FCn° NE208).
Additional nnaterial 7(5' & 4$ ISNB: Papua New
Guinea: Madang: Baiteta, 03.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg.,
Neonauclea sp. (Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n°s 3831-
3832, 3839-3841, 3887-3892).
References: Hyalopeplinus papuensis Ca rva I h o i n
Carvalho et Gross, 1979: 458-459, as new species,
nnale genitalia; Schuh 1995: 677, catalogue; Schuh
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Hyalopeplinus papuensis Carvalho
in Carvalho et Gross, 1979 was described using
eight specinnens, onefronn Indonesia, Papua Barat
(the nnale paratype fronn Warris) and seven fronn
Papua New Guinea. The specinnens fronn Papua
New Guinea were recorded on different islands
(the nnale holotype and two paratypes of the
sanne sex on Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago,
Milne Bay Province, a fennale paratype on Sudest
Island, Louisiade Archipelago, Milne Bay Province
and another fennale fronn west of Willaunnes, West
New Britain Province, New Britain) but also on
the mainland (the female paratype from Biniguni,
Northern Province and a male paratype from Ruka,
Northern Province).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, eleven specimens were
recorded by fogging in a unique collection event on
Neonauclea sp.
Hyalopeploides Poppius, 1912a
References: Hyalopeploides Poppius, 1912a:
419-420, as new genus; Carvalho & Gross 1979:
463-476, 477; Schuh 1995: 677-678, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species by original designation and monotypy:
Hyalopeploides cyanescens Poppius, 1912.
Hyalopeploides cyanescens Poppius, 1912a
(Plate 11 fig. 4)
Paralectotype S ZMHF, designation by Carvalho
in Carvalho & Gross, 1979: 467: Papua New Guinea:
Morobe: “Hyalopeploides cyanescens Popp. Det. J.C.M.
Carvalho” / “Mus. Zool. Heisfors loan 2973”/ “Mus. Zool.
H:fors Spec. typ. N°9877 Hyalopeploides cyanescens
Popp.” / “Hyaiopepioides cyanescens gen. nov. et sp.” /
“Lemien, Berlinhafen” / “N. Guinea, Biro” (FC n° 4935).
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1(5': Sisimangun Village, 01.vii.l981, Leg. J. Van
Goethem (FC n° 349); 1(5': idem, Baiteta, 14.vii.l995,
O. Missa leg., on Neonauciea sp. (Rubiaceae), fogging
(FC n° 3893); 1$: Mandy Passage St. 1030, 04.V.1982,
P. Grootaert (FC n° 351); Morobe: 1$: Wau, vi.l981.
1220m., Leg. J. Van Goethem (FC n° 350).
References: Hyalopeploides cyanescens
Poppius, 1912a: 421, as new species; Carvalho
& Gross 1979: 467, 468 (redescription); Schuh
1995: 677-678, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Discussion: Hyalopeploides cyanescens Poppius,
1912 was described using three specimens
from Papua New Guinea: the female lectotype
from Erima, Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province and
two male® paralectotypes from Lemien Forest,
Berlinhafen (presently Aitape), East Sepik, Papua
New Guinea. Carvalho & Gross (1979: 467)
mention an additional specimens from Papua
Barat collected by light trap.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, H. cyanescens Poppius,
1912 was recorded only once, by fogging, on
Neonauclea sp. (Rubiaceae).
Hyalopeplus Stal, 1871
References: Hyalopeplus Stal, 1871, as new
genus; Carvalho & Gross 1979: 479-511, 512,
513, 514, 515, revision; Schuh 1995: 678-
680, catalogue; Kerzhner & Josifov 1999: 203,
catalogue; Schwartz & Cherot 2005: 8-9, discussion
of subgenera validity; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: Capsus vitripennis Stal, 1855, by
monotypy, a junior homonym of Capsus vitripennis
Say, 1832, now Hyalopeplus lineifer (Walker,
1873a), cf. Kerzhner & Schuh, 1995: 2.
Hyalopeplus (Adhyalopeplus) si mi Us Poppius,
1912c (Plate 11 fig. 5)
Lectotype $ ZMHF of Hyalopeplus similis Poppius,
1912c, the designation by Carvalho in Carvalho & Gross
1979: 509: Tanzania: “Deutsch 0. Africa, Nyassa-See,
Langenburg, iv.l898, FCilleborn”® (FC n° 3775).
8 The male sex was then known since Poppius’ original
description (contra Carvalho & Gross 1979).
9 In their catalogue of Australian Heteroptera, Cassis &
Gross (1995: 160) cite the type-locality of Hyalopeplus
similis Poppius, 1912 as “Langenburg, New Guinea”.
However, Poppius (1912c: 8) described his new species
from “Deutsch 0. Afrika” for Deutsch Ostafrika, in English
“German East Afrika”, a German colony (between 1885
and 1918, the end of World War I) including what is now
Burundi, Rwanda and the mainland part of Tanzania
(German’s Tanganyika). From 1896 to 1900, Friederich
Georg Hans Fulleborn (1866-1933) “served as physician
to troops in German East Africa with a special commission
to pursue scientific studies (...). Dependent largely upon
his own resources and ingenuity, he achieved marked
success as a physician and in addition made noteworthy
observations on the natural history of the region”
86
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Lectotype S ZMHF of Hyalopeplus horvathi Poppius,
1912c, the designation by Carvalho in Carvalho & Gross
1979: 509, the synonynny by Carvalho in Carvalho &
Gross 1979: 508: Sa5 Tonne: “Sa5 Tonne, Mocquerys”
(FCn° 3776).
Flolotype 6' ZMFIF of Hyalopeplus bakerl Poppius,
1915a, the synonynny by Carvalho in Carvalho & Gross
1979: 508: Philippines Islands: Lugon: “Los Banos,
Baker" (FCn°3777).
Additional material: Democratic Republic of Congo:
1(5' & 1$ MRAC: Lualaba, Ruwe, xii.1960. Dr. V. Allard
(FC n°s 365-366); 1(5' MRAC: idem, 1.1961, Dr. V.
Allard (Fc n° 367); French Polynesia: Tahiti: 15(5' & $
MNHN: Mahina, ix.l982, A. Villiers (FC n°s: 755-770);
Ivory Coast: 1$ MRAC: Bingerville, viii.1963, J. Decelle
(FC n° 364); Papua New Guinea: Madang: 4(5' & 1$
ISNB: Baiteta, 12.V.1993 0. Missa leg., Dracontomelum
dao (Anacardiaceae), fogging (FC n°s 3833-3834,
3912-3913, sans n°); Philippines Islands: Luzon: 1(5',
2$ BPBM: Ifugao Province, Liwo, 8 km E. Mayoyao,
01.vi.l967, 1000-1300m., FI. M. Torrevillas, light trap
(FC n°s 192-194); Sao Tome: 1$ MRAC: 25.V.1975, J.
Derron (FC n° 363); Seychelle Islands: Mahe: Mt. Fleuri:
1$ MRAC: Mt. Fleuri, 4.1.1972, P. J. L. Roche (FC n°
361) ; 1(5' MRAC: idem, 23.1.1972, P. J. L. Roche (FC n°
362) ; Praslin: 1$ CFC: Praslin LF, xi.l994, E. Fleiss leg.
(FCn° 1240).
References: Hyalopeplus similis Poppius, 1912c:
8, as new species; Carvalho & Gross 1979: 508-
511, 512, 513-515, redescription, nnale genitalia,
lectotype designation, synonynnies; Schuh 1995:
680, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Discussion: Hyalopeplus {Adhyalopeplus) similis
Poppius, 1912 is a widely distributed species,
known fronn Africa (Congo, Ivory Coast, Sao Tonne,
Tanzania) to Pacific Islands (Tahiti) by way of
India, Japan, SE Asia and Australia (Carvalho &
Gross 1979; Cassis & Gross 1995; Schuh 1995;
(Stunkard 1934: 204). Moreover, “during the period
1898-1900 he held a special commission from the
Konigl. Preuss. Akad. (= Prussian Akademie of Sciences)
to undertake faunal and ethnological investigations of
the Nyassa Province (...)”, those researches covering “a
wide range of subjects, extending from the spirochaetes
and spirochaetosis through the diseases caused by
protozoans, insects, arachnids, linguatulids,trematodes,
cestodes, and nematodes” (op. cit.: 204, 205-206) but
also geographical aspect of Nyassa Lake (now Lake
Malawi). So, the type-locality of H. similis is probably
situated in the former German’s Tanganika territories.
Pesenko & Pauly (2005: 154) confirm Langenburg is
in Tanzania and give relatively accurate coordinates,
quoting types of bees collected by Fulleborn at this place.
According to these coordinates, Langenburg was close
of the shores of Lake Malawi and of the limits between
the present Iringa and Ruvuma administrative regions.
2002-2013). It is also a relatively variable taxon,
as showed by Carvalho & Gross’ new synonynnies
(op. cit.: 511) and drawings of types (pp. 512-
515, Figs 236-247). The validity of closely related
Hyaiopepius iongirostris Odhiannbo, 1958, fronn
West Africa, a species onnitted in Carvalho & Gross
(1979) work, should be analysed in detail.
Mirini Hahn, 1833
Adelphocorisella Miyamoto, Yasunaga, 1993
References: Adeiphocoriseiia Miyannoto,
Yasunaga, 1993: 47, as new genus with two new
species; Schuh 1995: 695, catalogue; Kerzhner
& Josifov 1999: 59, catalogue; Malipatil & Cherot
2002: 103, discussion; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: Adeiphocoriseiia iespedezae
Miyannoto, Yasunaga, 1993, original designation.
Adeiphocoriseiia brunnescens (Poppius, 1915a)
(Plate 13 figs 1-4)
Flolotype by monotypy (5' ZMFIF: Papua New Guinea:
Morobe: “Mus. Zool. Flelsinki Loan n° FIE05-36” /
“A. brunnescens Miridae exot. Mirinae 1 Popp. Not
Adelphocoris” / “Adelphocoris brunnescens Pop. Det.
J.C.M. Carvalho” / “Mus. Zool. FI:fors Spec. typ. No
10082 Adelphocoris brunnescens Popp.” / “Mus. Zool.
Flelsinki Loan n° FIE2974”/ “Adelphocoris brunnescens
sp. nov.” (manuscript label) / “Flolotipo” / “Simbang,
Huon Golf” / “N. Guinea, Biro 1898”.
Additional material ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1$: Baiteta, 26.iii.1993, 0. Missa leg., on
Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae), light trap (FC n° 3988);
1(5': idem, 05.V.1995, 0. Missa leg., on Tristiropsis
acutangula (Sapindaceae), fogging (FC n°3985); 1?:
idem, 03.vi.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Dracontomelum
dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap (FC n°3840); 1(5',
1?: Idem, 14.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Neonauclea
sp. (Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n°s 3986, 3986a); 1?:
Idem, 17.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Chlsocheton
wenlandia (Meliaceae), fogging (FC n°3846); 1$: Idem,
29.vii.1995, 0. Missa leg., on ?, fogging (FC n°3987);
1(5': Idem, 02.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Dysoxylum
patigravlanum (Meliaceae), light trap (FC n°3847);
1(5': Idem, 03.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg., ?, fogging (FC
n°3849); 4(5', 1$, 2?: Idem, 1995, 0. Missa leg., on
PIteleocarpus Indicus (Fabaceae), fogging (FC n °s 3839,
3841-3845, 3848); 1$: idem, 26.iv.1996, 0. Missa
leg., on ?, fogging (FC n°3989) (ISNB); 1$: Wanuma,
viii.1968, N. L. FI. Krauss leg. (compared with the type by
J.C.M. Carvalho) (FC n° 4263) (MNRJ); Morobe: 1^, 1$:
Bulolo, 24.V.1982, P. Grootaert leg. (FC n°s 267-268);
1$: Mandy Passage, 04.V.1982, P. Grootaert leg (FC n°
269).
Other taxa examined for comparison:
Adeiphocoriseiia Iespedezae Miyamoto & Yasunaga,
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
1993: Japan: Honshu: paratypes: 16' & 1$ HUES:
Aonnori-Ken (Annoari Prefecture), Yokouchi-Yaegiku,
Aonnori-shi (Annoari city), Japan, 29.viii.1992., T. Ichita
leg. (FC n°s: 203-204). Adelphocorisella australis
Malipatil, Cherot, 2002 ANIC: Australia: Queensland:
holotype (S)- Big Mitchell Creeck, Mareeba-Molloy Road,
04.V.1967, D. H. Coless leg.
References: Adelphocoris brunnescens
Poppius, 1915a: 35, as new species. Waucoris
brunnescens: Carvalho 1987b: 156-157, new
connbination, redescription, MG; Schuh 1995: 672,
971, catalogue Carpintero & Cherot 2002: 46,
52, MG, FG, discussion; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue. Adelphocorisella brunnescens: Cherot &
Malipatil 2016: 159, new connbination.
Discussion: Carvalho(1987b:156-157)described
his newgenusl/l/aucor/stoacconnnnodateall species
described by Poppius (1915a) under the nanne
Adelphocoris Reuter, 1896 fronn the Indo-Australian
region and selected Adeiphocoris keyensis Poppius,
1915 as type species. Unfortunately, Carvalho’s
description (op. cit.: 156) of the new genus is very
short. He separates Waucoris fronn Adeiphocoris by
the absence of phallic connb, by the shape of larger
areola of mennbrane and by the colouration of tibial
spines (yellow or brown pale in Waucoris, black in
Adeiphocoris).
On the basis of these character states, A.
brunnescens Poppius, 1915a was classified in
Waucoris. A. brunnescens was described on the
nnale holotype fronn Sinnbang, Huon Golf (Morobe,
Papua New Guinea) alone. Carvalho (1987b)
and Carpintero & Cherot (2002) cite additional
specinnens fronn Papua New Guinea (Central
Province, Madang, Morobe, New Britain).
The study of sonne of those specinnens clearly
shows that A. brunnescens differs of the other
Waucoris species. Waucoris keyensis (Poppius,
1915), Waucoris papuanus (Poppius, 1915) and
Waucoris wauensis Carvalho, 1987 are larger, non
P/nytocor/s-like, frequently yellow, orange or black,
shiny bugs, with a simple, recumbent, white dorsal
pilosity and classical metafemora, devoid of a pair
of erect stiff black setae on anterior corners of
pronotum of the females (these setae are obvious
in Adeiphocoriseiia species females, they are
present only in the males of true Waucoris, and
10 As pointed out by Cherot & Malipatil (2016: 159)
“Schuh (op. cit.: 971) incorrectly cites “Poppius, 1914b:
383” as original reference and Lygus brunnescens
Poppius, 1914 as original combination for this
species, thus misinterpreting Carvalho’s (1987b) new
combination of Adelphocoris brunnescens Poppius,
1915a”.
more reduced, narrower).
A. brunnescens (Poppius, 1915a) agrees with
original description of Adeiphocoriseiia by
Miyamoto & Yasunaga (1993: 47-48) in virtually
all major characters. The measurements, the
relatively elongate, Phytocor/s-like habitus, the
light brown dorsal colouration tinged with red, the
dull aspect of dorsal surface, covered with silvery
recumbent silky pubescence and sparse brownish
suberect setae, the long antenna with the three last
segments subequal in thickness, the pair of erect,
stiff, black setae on anterior corners of pronotum
of both sexes, the hemelytra with a sparse, narrow
and shallow punctation, the long legs with red spots
and the metafemora broadest and flattened basally,
with a furrow on dorsal surface, are very similar
to those of A. iespedezae Miyamoto & Yasunaga,
1993 and A. austraiis Malipatil & Cherot, 2002. The
male genitalia of A. brunnescens were described
by Carvalho (1987b: 157, figs 2-4) and Carpintero
& Cherot (2002: 52, figs 28-29). They are close
to the structures described by Malipatil & Cherot
(2002: 101, figs 2-6) in A. austraiis, particularly the
stout right paramere, with small primary apophysis,
secondary and tertiary lobes, the very large
secondary gonopore and the elongate apically
curved true spiculum. However, the two species can
be easily separated by the shape and position of
other phallic sclerites (two small sclerites near the
secondary gonopore in A. austraiis, a convoluted
ACH in A. brunnescens). Female genitalia of A.
austraiis (cf. Malipatil & Cherot op. cit., 102, figs
9-10), A. brunnescens (cf. Carpintero & Cherot
op. cit., 52, figs 30-31) and, less obviously, A.
iespedezae (cf. Malipatil & Cherot op. cit., 102, figs
7-8) are also relatively similar (shape of parieto-
vaginal rings, rings laterally reinforced, B and E
structures of posterior wall reduced). Consequently,
Cherot & Malipatil (2016) suggested the following
new combination: Adeiphocoriseiia brunnescens
(Poppius, 1915a) we are able to confirm here.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, 18 specimens of
Adeiphocoriseiia brunnescens (Poppius, 1915a)
were recorded in 12 independent collection events,
by fogging and by light trap, on 7 different identified
host plants: Chisocheton weiandia (Meliaceae),
Dracontomeium dao (Anacardiaceae), Dysoxyium
patigravianum (Meliaceae), Neonauciea sp.
(Rubiaceae), Piteiocarpus indicus (Fabaceae),
Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae) and Tristiropsis
acutanguia (Sapindaceae). A partially zoophagous
behavior of this species is not impossible. It could
explain these observations.
Note: The holotype by monotypy is preserved in
88
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
ZMHF not in HNHM as stated by Poppius (1915a:
35).
Apolygus China, 1941
References: Lygocoris Apolygus China, 1941:
60, as new subgenus; Schuh 1995: 792-793,
793-806, catalogue; Lu & Zheng 1997: 162, rank
upgrade; Zheng et al. 2005: 137-182, 695-696,
redescription, in fauna; Schuh, 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: Lygaeus limbatus Fallen, 1807 by
original designation.
Apolygus sp.
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1$: Baiteta, 26.iii.1993, 0. Missa leg., on
Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae), light trap (FC n° 4060);
2$: Baiteta, 19.V.1993, 0. Missa leg., on Pometia
pinnata (Sapindaceae), light trap (FC n°s 4056,
4061); 1(5': Baiteta, 30.vi.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Ficus
sp. (Moraceae), fogging (FC n° 4058); 1$: Baiteta,
24.iv.1996, 0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton ceramicus
(Meliaceae), light trap (FC n° 4059); 1(5': Baiteta,
05.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Buchanania heterophyiia
(Anacardiaceae) or Hernandia ovigera (Flernandiaceae)
or Vitex cofassus (Verbanaceae), light trap (FC n ° 4057).
Discussion: We attribute with sonne doubt these
specinnens, collected by fogging and by light trap
on four different host plants, to the large genus
Apolygus China, 1941. Additional nnale specinnens
will be useful to identify the taxon to the species
level.
Argenis Distant, 1904a
References: Argenis Distant, 1904a: 107, as
new genus; Schuh 1995: 700, catalogue; Cherot
1997a: 397-398, redescription; Zheng et al. 2005:
204, 686, 698, redescription, in fauna; Schuh,
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Capsus lnclsuratus\Na\ket, 1873b,
by nnonotypy.
Argenis incisuratus (Walker, 1873b) (Plate 14 fig.
5, plate 15 figs 1-6, plate 16 figs 1-9)
Flolotype S BMNFI: Sri Lanka: “Ceylan {Thwaites &
Green), Peradenyia, vi. 1905”/ “Distant Coll. 1911-383”.
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
8$ ISNB: Baiteta, 16.iii.l993, 0. Missa leg., on
Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap (FC n°s
3995-4002); 1(5' & 2$ ISNB: Baiteta, 12.V.1993, 0. Missa
leg., on Dracontome/umcfao (Anacardiaceae), fogging(FC
n°s 3823-3825); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 12.V.1993, 0. Missa
leg., on Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap
(FC n ° 4008); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 17.V.1993, 0. Missa leg.,
on Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap (FC
n° 4003); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 17.V.1993, 0. Missa leg., on
?, fogging (FC n° 4004); 3$ ISNB: Baiteta, 19.V.1993,
0. Missa leg., on Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae), light
trap (FC n°s 3990-3992); 2(5' ISNB: Baiteta, 20.V.1993,
0. Missa leg., on Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae), light
trap (FC n°s 3993-3994); 1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, lO.v.1995,
0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton ceramicus (Melicaceae),
fogging (FC n° 4007); 1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, 06.vi.l995, 0.
Missa leg., on Ceitis phiiippinensis (UInnaceae), fogging
(FC n° 4006); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 22.vi.1995, 0. Missa
leg., on Neonauceia (Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n °s 3835);
12(5', 9$, 4? ISNB: Baiteta, 03.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg.,
on Dysoxyium patigravianum (Meliaceae), fogging (FC
n°s 3798-3822); 1$ & 1? ISNB: Baiteta, 03.viii.l995,
0. Missa leg., on Artocarpus incisus (Moraceae), fogging
(FC n°s 3826, 3836); 1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, 04.viii.l995,
0. Missa leg., on Neonauciea sp. (Rubiaceae) or Ficus
crassiramea (strangler fig, Moraceae), fogging (FC
n° 3837); 1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, 1995, 0. Missa leg., on
Chisocheton ceramicus (Melicaceae), fogging (FC n°
4005); 1$(?) ISNB: Baiteta, iv.l996, 0. Missa leg., on ?,
light trap (FC n°s 4011); 1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, Ol.v.1996,
0. Missa leg., on ?, fogging (FC n°s 4010); 1(5' ISNB:
Baiteta, 03.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Dracontomeium
dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap (FC n °s 3838); 1(5' ISNB:
Baiteta, 28.vi.1996, 0. Missa leg., on ?, fogging (FC n°s
4009); Milne Bay: 1(5' MNRJ: Alotau, 14-28.ii.l969,
Sedlacek J. et M. leg. (FC n°4413).
References: Capsus incisuratus Walker, 1873b:
121, as new species; Argenis incisuratus Distant
1904a: 107 (new connbination); Carvalho & Gross
1979: 443, redescription, MG; Schuh 1995: 700,
catalogue; Cherot 1997a: 399-400, redescription,
FG; Zheng et al. 2005: 204-205, 686, 698,
redescription, in fauna; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Discussion: Argenis incisuratus was described
by Walker (1873b: 121) on the basis of the nnale
holotype fronn Ceylan alone. The species is recorded
fronn Papua New Guinea for the first tinne.
Variability of external nnorphology and colouration
was ainnost unawarded by all authors describing
or redescribing this taxon (Walker 1873b; Distant
1904a & c; Carvalho & Gross 1979; Cherot 1997a).
However, Argenis incisuratus is a very variable
species, for a lot of character states, to such extent
that sonne specinnens could be easily nnissclassified
in the genus Tinginotopsis. On the specinnens fronn
Baiteta Forest, the following states of characters
are particularly variable:
(l)The colouration of dorsal surface of head. The
dorsal surface of head (vertex and frons) is yellow
to orange brown (Plate 15 fig. 1), frequently with a
dark brown nnedial stripe on the sulcus (Plate 15
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
fig. 2), obvious on the holotype, or with a grey patch
(Plate 15 fig. 3). Sonnetinnes the dorsal surface of
head is totally dark brown, as on the specinnen
studied by Carvalho & Gross (op. cit. p. 443, fig.
29);
(2) The colouration of dorsal surface of pronotunn.
The dorsal surface of pronotunn is yellow to orange
brown, frequently with brown or grey patches or
stripes:
(a) sonne specinnens have only a nnedial brown
patch on hunnp’s area;
(b) sonne specinnens have two or three subnnedian
dark brown to grey stripes arising fronn posterior
nnargins of pronotal disk:
i. on the holotype, they are “W-shaped” (or crown¬
like),
ii. on sonne specinnens fronn Baiteta Forest, they
are reduced to two subparallel or slightly curved
stripes (Plate 16 figs 3-4) or drop-like patches
(Plate 15 fig. 4),
iii. on sonne other specinnens they are conflating
before or after the hunnp and eventually conflating
with a stripe arising fronn the posterior nnargin of
the pronotal collar (Plate 15 figs 5-6, arrow 1);
(c) ainnost all specinnens fronn Baiteta Forest have a
stripe arising, it, nnedially fronn the posterior nnargin
of the pronotal collar (Plate 15 figs 4-5);
(d) ainnost all specinnens fronn Baiteta Forest also
have a pair of grey stripes lining the orange-yellow
lateral area of pronotal nnargins (Plate 15 fig. 5,
arrow 2), the nnargins being grey. Sonnetinnes, the
grey stripes directly identify the lateral nnargins
(Plate 15 fig. 6, arrow 2);
(e) sonne specinnens have a totally dark brown or
grey pronotunn, as on the specinnen studied by
Carvalho & Gross (op. cit. p. 443, Fig. 29);
(3) The globose areas of hunneral angles are absent
or very reduced on several specinnens (Plate 16 fig.
1), slightly tarnished with brown (Plate 16 fig. 2) or
nnarked (as the holotype but also several specinnens
fronn Baiteta Forest, Plate 16 fig. 3);
(4) The pronotal hunnp is ainnost absent or very
reduced, the corresponding area being tarnished
with brown (Plate 16 fig. 4) or developed, large
(Plate 16 fig. 5);
(5) The “Tinginotum-Wke” pruinose silvery patches
of clavus (and even sonne of parts of coriunn) can be
obvious (Plate 16 fig. 7, arrows) or reduced (Plate
16 fig. 8, arrow) to absent (Plate 16 fig. 9).
In their keys of genera, Zheng et al. (2005) separate
yArgen/s fronn the genera Tinginotum Kirkaldy, 1902a
and Tinginotopsis Poppius, 1915b by the unifornniy
clear yellow exocoriunn (except a snnall brown
patch, prolongation of endocorial large patch).
Unfortunately, a species such as Tinginotopsis
tubercuiatus Eyies, 2000 (cf. Eyies 2000: 117, Fig.
29) also has an exocoriunn that is unifornniy clear
yellow. To nnake the nnatter worse still, all recent
authors lookingfor differences between Tinginotum
Kirkaldy, 1902a and Tinginotopsis Poppius, 1915b
(as Carvalho 1987a; Yasunaga 1999; Eyies 2000)
stress the pronotal hunnp (gibbosity) of the latter.
Flowever, the variability of this state of character
connbined with variability of “Tinginotum-Wke”
hennelytral pruinose silvery patches in Argenis is
such that several specinnens of 4. incisuratus fronn
the sanne series (collected the sanne day, on the
sanne tree) could easily be classified in the three
genera Argenis, Tinginotum and Tinginotopsis. The
validity of these genera should be analysed on a
world scale, including Indo-Pacific, Australian and
African species of the group.
Flosts: In Baiteta Forest, 55 specinnens of Argenis
incisuratus (Walker, 1873) were recorded in 18
independent collection events, by light traps and by
fogging, fronn Artrocarpus incisus (Moraceae), Ceitis
phiiippinensis (UInnaceae), Chisocheton ceramicus
(Meliaceae), Dracontomeium dao (Anacardiaceae),
Dysoxyium patigravianum (Meliaceae),
Neonauciea sp. (Rubiaceae) and Pometia pinnata
(Sapindaceae). If the 25 specinnens collected (by
fogging) on Dysoxyium patigravianum were found
during one collection event, the 14 specinnens
collected on Dracontomeium dao, by fogging and
by light trap, were found during 5 independent
collection events.
Aristopeplus Poppius, 1912a
References: Aristopepius Poppius, 1912a: 421,
as new genus; Carvalho & Wallerstein 1977: 49-53,
revision; Schuh 1995: 700, catalogue; Kerzhner &
Schuh 2001: 286, correction to Schuh’s catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Aristopepius imperiaiis Poppius,
1912a, original designation.
Aristopepius imperiaiis Poppius, 1912a (Figs 69-
70, 78, plate 13 fig. 11)
Additional nnaterial 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 09.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg., on Dysoxyium
arnoldianum or Homalium foetidum (Meliaceae and
Flacourtiaceae respectively), light trap (FC n° 3852).
Other taxa exannined for connparison (Plate
13 figs 12-14): Aristopepius divisus (Walker, 1873b).
Indonesia: Ternate Island: Holotype 6' BMNH: “Saunders
65-13” (FC n° NE 14); 1(5': sanne label than the holotype
(FC n° NE187) The Moluccas: Morotai: 1$ AMNH:
11 Walker (1873b: 163) cites explicitely only one
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Figures 69-78. Genital organs and eggs of Papuan Heteroptera. 69-72: Fennale genitalia oi Aristopeplus species,
respectively /A. imperialis FC n° 3852 and A. divisus FC n° 1317. 69 & 71 - Parieto-vaginal rings, dorsal view; 70
& 72 - Posterior wall; 73-77: Diognetus intonsus Distant, 1904c, genitalia of both sexes. 73-75 - 6' genitalia of
FC n° 81; 73 - Left paranneres; 74 - Right paranneres; 75 - Endophallus; 76-77 - $ genitalia of FC n° 82; 76 -
Parieto-vaginal rings, dorsal view; 77 - Posterior wall; 78 - Aristopeplus imperialis FC n° 3852 egg [scale bar 0.1
mm, except fig. 74 scale bar 0.05 mm, figs 70 and 78 scale bar 0.5 mm].
specimen in his type series. In Walker’s catalogue, the
specimens are cited, for each species, after references
or descriptions and coded with a letter. When Walker
had several specimens from the same “place”- often a
relatively large area - and collector, he used as many
letters as necessary, separated by a dash, for example “a-
d. England. From M. Stephens’ collection.” (Walker, op.
cit.: 49, about Miris erraticus). About Monalonion divisum
(original combination). Walker (1873b: 163) wrote “a.
Ternate. From Mr. Wallace’s collection”. The description
91
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Dutch East India, Morotai, 1944, Ernest Reimchiissel
(FC n° 1317). Aristopeplus regalis Poppius, 1912.
Papua New Guinea: Central Province: Lectotype $ ZMHF
[the designation by Carvalho & Wallerstein, 1977: 51]:
“Moroka, vii-xi.l893, Lor/a” (FCn° 4934). EastSepik: 1$
MNRJ: Annok, 06.1.1960, Maa T. C. leg. (Connpared with
the type by J.C.M. Carvalho) (FC n° 4223). Aristopeplus
rubronotus Carvalho & Wallerstein, 1977. Papua New
Guinea: Woodlark Island (Murua): Holotype 6' MNRJ:
“Woodlaark I. (Murua), Kulunnadau, 03.11.1957, Brandt
W. W.”(FC sansn°).
References: Aristopeplus imperialis Poppius,
1912a: 421, as new genus; Carvalho & Wallerstein
1977: 50-51, redescription; Schuh 1995: 700,
catalogue; Kerzhner & Schuh 2001: 286, correction
to Schuh’s catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Addition to the original descriptions: The
fennale genitalia of Aristopeplus species were still
unknown. They are described hereafter for the first
tinne, for two species, A. imperialis and A. divisus.
Unfortunately, we did not have the opportunity to
study the fennale genitalia of the two other species,
even though we exannined several specinnens of
thenn.
Fennale genitalia of A. imperialis. Senninal
depository unknown. Parieto-vaginal rings difficult
to see, dorsal labiate plate apparently with three
sclerotisations (Fig. 69) or reinforcennents and
ventral labiate plate unsclerotised. Dorsal wall
nnennbranous, lateral oviducts stout and elongate.
Posterior wall (Fig. 70) elongate. B structure absent,
the inter-rannal sclerites or A structures (As) linked
only by a nnennbranous area (Ma), dorsal margin
straight to slightly concave and ventral margins
convex. Lateral lobes or FI structures absent. Egg
(Fig. 78) with long horn.
Female genitalia of A. divisus. Seminal depository
lacking ring. Parieto-vaginal ring (Fig. 71, Ap)
elongate, anterior and posterior margins straight,
latero-inner and latero-outer margins convex,
shorter distance between rings longer than length
of major axis; no prolongation on ring margins;
dorso-labiate plate large, complex in shape,
pointed apically and basally, margins unreinforced;
ventral labiate plate unsclerotised; dorsal wall
membranous, lateral oviduct stout. Posterior
wall (Fig. 72) elongate. B structure absent, inter-
ramal sclerites or A structures (As) linked only by a
membranous area (Ma); dorsal margin straight to
does not mention any variability. Consequently, the
membership of the second specimen to Walker’s type
series is doubtful. Carvalho & Wallerstein (1977: 50) did
not even cite it.
slightly concave and ventral margins convex. Inter-
ramal lobes or E structures (Es) elongate, fused
with a pair of lateral plates (Lp). Lateral lobes or FI
structures absent.
Discussion: Aristopeplus imperialis Poppius,
1912 was described on the basis of the male
holotype from Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen (= Madang,
Madang Province, Papua New Guinea) alone.
Carvalho & Wallerstein (1977: 51) mention one
additional female specimen from Milne Bay, Papua
New Guinea.
Flosts: Unknown still. In Baiteta Forest, the
specimen of Aristopeplus imperialis Poppius,
1912 was recorded, by light trap, from Dysoxylum
arnoldianum (Meliaceae) or Homalium foetidum
(Flacourtiaceae).
Bertsa Kirkaldy, 1904
References: Bertsa Kirkaldy, 1904: 702, as
nomen novum for Berta Kirkaldy, 1902b; Yasunaga
1992a: 31-32, redescription; Schuh 1995: 701-
702, catalogue; Cassis & Gross 1995: 163,
catalogue; Kerzhner &Josifov 1999: 70, catalogue;
Cherot 2000: 312-315, generical validity; Zheng et
al. 2005: 205-206, 687, 699; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Type species: Capsus lankanus Kirby, 1891, by
monotypy.
Bertsa lankana (Kirby, 1891) (Plate 14 fig. 6)
Additional material ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1$: Baiteta, 17.V.1993, 0. Missa leg., on
Dracontomeium dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap (FC
n° 3898); 1$: idem, 19.V.1993, 0. Missa leg., on
Pometia pinata (Sapindaceae), light (FC n° 3896);
1(5': idem, 31.V.1993, 0. Missa leg., on Pometia pinata
(Sapindaceae), light (FC n ° 3897); 1(5': idem, 06.vi.l995,
0. Missa leg., on Ceitis phiiippinensis (Ulmaceae),
fogging (FC n° 3895); 1$: idem, 15.iv.l996, 0. Missa
leg., on Terminaiia sepinkana or Piteieocarpus indicum
(Combretaceae), light trap (FC n° 3894).
References: Capsus lankanus Kirby, 1891: 107,
as new species; Bertsa lankana: Yasunaga 1992a:
20, record from Japan, male genitalia; Schuh
1995: 702, catalogue; Cassis & Gross 1995:
163, lectotype designation, catalogue; Kerzhner
& Josifov 1999: 70, catalogue; Cherot 2000: 312-
315, 317, discussion, female genitalia; Zheng et
al. 2005: 206-208, redescription, in fauna, MG;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Capsus lankanus Kirby, 1891 was
described on the basis of some type specimens
from “Ceylan”. Kirby’s (1891: 107) inaccurate
original description does not give information about
92
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
type-series size. However, the short text includes
several data about species variability. We can
consequently conclude that Kirby exannined nnore
than one specinnen. Additional specinnens fronn
Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia and
the Philippines were cited by subsequent authors
(Cassis & Gross 1995; Cherot 2000; Yasunaga
1992a; Zheng et al. 2005). The species is recorded
for the first tinne fronn Papua New Guinea.
According to Zheng et al. (2005: 687), Bertsa
lankana (Kirby, 1891) could easily be distinguished
fronn their new Chinese species, B. major, by the
colouration of dorsal pilosity, the extension of
the eyes in lateral view and the shape of the left
parannere prinnary apophysis’ apex. On the basis
of these characters states, our specinnens could
be classified as B. lankana, all of the three species
described fronn Micronesia (cf. Carvalho 1956;
Cherot 2000) differing by the overall colouration.
Hosts: The specinnens of Bertsa lankana (Kirby,
1891) of Baiteta Forest were recorded in five
independent collection events, by fogging and
light trap, on Celtls philippinensis (UInnaceae),
Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae) and Pometia
pinnata (Sapindaceae). Yasunaga (1992a) quotes
the species on Mallotus sp. (Euphorbiaceae) and
as sonnetinnes attracted at light in Japan.
Diognetus Distant, 1904c
References: Diognetus Distant, 1904c: 431-
432, as new genus; Carvalho 1959: 85, catalogue;
Schuh 1995: 760, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Type species: Diognetus Intonsus Distant,
1904c, by original designation.
= DIophantus Distant, 1909b: 510, as new
genus; Distant 1910b: 253, copy of original
description; Carvalho 1952: 94, new generical
synonymy; Carvalho 1959: 85, catalogue; Schuh
1995: 760, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: DIophantus literatus Distant,
1909b, by monotypy (cited as type species by
Distant, 1910b: 252).
= Gorna Poppius, 1914a: 130 syn. nov., as
new genus; Carvalho 1959: 96, catalogue; Schuh
1995: 760, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: Gorna pllosa Poppius, 1914a, by
original designation.
Redescription: Mid-sized mirine bug, with double
dorsal pilosity, including long, stiff, erect, brown to
black, bright setae and shorter, adpressed, slightly
silky, golden to ochraceous setae. Head: Dorsal
surface yellow to dark brown, sometimes with brown
strip in slight median incurvation, lacking sulcus.
Clypeus free, uncovered by the frons in dorsal
view; maxillary and mandibular plates without
Carina or tubercle; punctation and striation of frons
and vertex narrow and shallow; the setae stiff,
elongate (particularly on frons), erect. Eyes pilose,
dark brown, large, reaching pronotal apical ring in
dorsal view. Two last antennal segments narrower
than second, all sub-cylindrical; first and second
segments with long, stiff, erect, brown to black
setae. Vertex marginate. Labium reaching meso- or
metacoxae. Thorax. Pronotum: Dorsal surface
yellow to dark brown, with a narrow yellow posterior
margin and a larger sub-apical dark brown to black
transverse fascia (sometimes shaded medially).
Punctation wide and relatively deep, dense. Pilosity
long, stiff, sub-erect to erect, brown to black, shiny,
particularly dense and long on lateral margins.
Pron Ota I ca 1 1 ositi es I a rge, with da rk a nte ri o r patch es
in some males. Posterior pronotal margin straight
medially; humeral angles smoothly curved; lateral
margins lacking carinal knob. No globose area.
Scutellum: Relatively flat. Dorsal surface yellow to
dark brown, apex yellowish. Punctation and striation
narrow and shallow. Pilosity double, including long,
stiff, erect, brown to black, bright setae and shorter,
adpressed, slightly silky, golden to ochraceous
setae. Mesoscutum uncovered, with lateral fossae,
pilosity silky, adpressed. Legs: Pilose, setae very
elongate, stiff, erect. Tibias with brown spines
and black spinulae. Hemelytra: Surface opaque,
yellow brown to dark brown with darker patches, red
bright in some males. Striation of clavii and coria
narrow and shallow. Punctation of clavii and coria
relatively wide and deep, more reduced apically on
coria, sometimes even indistinct. No Hyalopepline-
like line of punctations along the claval vein.
Pilosity double, including long, stiff, erect, brown
to black, bright setae (common on lateral margins
of exocorium) and shorter, adpressed, slightly silky,
golden to ochraceous setae. Cuneus brown to red
shiny with a basal yellow line. Membrane fuscous,
mottled with grayish beyond the middle. Male more
elongate, female more rounded, stout.
Discussion: Based on the examination of the
lectotypes and holotype by monotypy, we consider
the nominal genera Diognetus and Gorna as
synonyms. The three nominal species perfectly
conform to both generic descriptions given by
Distant (1904c) and Poppius (1914a). The habitus
of the type species are very similar: the ovate shape
of female, the head structure (particularly the
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
marginate vertex and antenna shape), the double
dorsal pilosity, including long, stiff, erect, brown to
black setae and shorter, adpressed, slightly silky,
golden to ochraceous setae, the dorsal punctation
(wide and relatively deep on the pronotunn, nnore
reduced, shallow on the hennelytra) are nearly
identical. Accordingly, we propose that the three
nonninal species are congeneric and suggest the
new gen eh cal synonynny:
Diognetus Distant, 1904b
= Gorna Poppius, 1914a syn. nov. (new
subjective Junior synonynn)
Diognetus intonsus Distant, 1904c (Figs 73-77,
79-85, plate 14 figs 7-9)
= Diognetus literatus (Distant, 1909b): 510-
511 syn. nov.
Lectotype $ BMNH of Diognetus intonsus Distant,
1904c [present designation]: Sri Lanka: lectotype:
Ceylan: Maskelyia, Green.
Lectotype $ BMNH of Diognetus literatus (Distant,
1909b) [present designation]: Sri Lanka: Ceylan: Ohiya,
Green (very dannaged specinnen).
Additional nnaterial: India: 16' BMNH: south India,
T.V. Campbell, Coll. B.M. 1930-599 (FC n° 81); Sri
Lanka: 1(6: Maskelyia, Green.” (classified as intonsus);
1(6 BMNH: Ohiya, Green” (classified as literatus); 1$:
Uva, P. Madulsima, 12.xii.l908, T.B.F. (FC n° 82); 1(6
AMNH: N.E., Dist. Kanda-Ela, Reservoir, 5-6 min S.O.
Nuwara Elyia, 6200 feets, 10-21.ii.l970, Davis & Row
(FC n° 1316). Papua New Guinea: 1(6 ISNB: Madang:
Baiteta, 14.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Neonauclea sp.
(Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n ° 3989).
Other taxa examined for comparison: Diognetus
sp.: Philippines Islands: Negros Island: 1(6 & 1$ AMNH:
1300 feets. Camp Lookout, Dunagete, 15.ii - 15.iv.l961,
T. Schneirla & E. Reyes (FC n°s 1317-1318).
References: Diognetus intonsus Distant, 1904c:
432, as newspecies; Carvalho 1959: 85, catalogue;
Schuh 1995: 760, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue; Diognetus literatus (Distant,
1909b): 510-511, as a new species; Distant 1910b:
253; Carvalho 1952: 94, connb. nov., in catalogue;
Carvalho 1959: 85, catalogue; Schuh 1995: 760,
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Redescription: External anatonny - see generic
redescription: Measurennents in mm (male FC n°
82 - female FC n° 83): Total length: 5.96 - 5.28;
width: 1.8 - 2.8; medial length of pronotum: 1.02
- 1.06; posterior width of pronotum: 1.71 - 1.81;
vertex width: 2.24 - 1.35; eyes width: 0.42 - 0.37;
length of antennal segments: 1: 0.61 - 0.53; II: 1.90
- 1.82; III: 0.82 - 0.92; IV: broken; medial length of
scutellum: 0.90 - 0.73; basal width of scutellum:
0.86 - 0.86; length of cuneus: 0.86 - 0.86; width
of cuneus: 0.73 - 0.69.
Male genitalia: Left pa ram ere with large sensory
lobe (Fig. 73, Ls). Right paramere with blunt primary
apophysis (Fig. 74, Apl). Endophallus including
three tiny sclerites (Fig. 75, arrows).
Female genitalia: Seminal depository
membranous, devoid of sclerite. Parieto-vaginal
rings (Fig. 76, Ap) large, totally separated, anterior,
posterior and outer margins straight, inner margins
convex. Anterior margin of dorsal labiate plate
slightly sclerotised laterally. Ventral labiate plate
sclerotised. Posterior wall elongate (Fig. 77), the
B structure (Bs) restricted to quadrangular base
(or dorsal structure), without median process (or
foot) and posterior plate, inter-ramal sclerites or
A structures (As) with curved dorsal margin and
straight ventral and lateral margins. No true inter-
ramal lobes or E structure but a pair of lateral plates
(Lp). Lateral lobes or H structures (Hs) elongate.
Discussion: D. intonsus was described at least
on a female from Maskelyia, Ceylon and is recorded
from Papua New Guinea for the first time. D.
literatus was described at least on a female from
Ohyia, Ceylon. The Museum of Natural History’s
collections include also a male of each nominal
species, belonging apparently to the corresponding
type-series but lackingtype label. Because Distant’s
texts (1904c, 1909) do not include information
on type-series size, on the sex of the examined
specimen(s) or on the species variability, and
because these male specimens are lacking type
label, their nomenclatorial status remain unclear.
Consequently, we apply the Recommendation
73F of the fourth edition of International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999: 80-81) and
we designated the two females as lectotype of their
respective nominal species.
Both nominal species D. intonsus and D. literatus
are very close. The total length (5.5 mm); the
frons and vertex slightly curved medially with a
longitudinal dark brown stripe; the large eyes.
Joining the anterior margin of pronotum; the
antenna yellow brown, with the first segment
about as long as the head, the second about three
times as long as the first; the posterior part of
pronotum with a sub-apical transverse fascia dark
brown to black, larger in the male than the female
(the black spots of humeral angles mentioned
by Distant, 1909b, in D. literatus are in fact the
extremities of this fascia, this is obvious on the
female lectotype); the pronotal posterior margin
yellowish, as the apex of scutellum; the hemelytra
ochraceous; the cuneus shiny castaneous (female)
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(plates 7-18)
to red (nnale); the nnennbrane fuscous, nnottled with
grayish beyond the nniddle are virtually the sanne.
Accordingly, we propose the following synonynny:
Diognetus intonsus Distant, 1904b = D. literatus
(Distant, 1909b) (new subjective junior synonym).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, Diognetus intonsus was
recorded once, by fogging, on Neonauclea sp.
Diognetus pilosus (Poppius, 1914a) comb. nov.
(Plate 14 fig. 10)
Holotype bynnonotypy $ ZMHF: Indonesia: Java: “Mus.
Zool. Hels. Loan n ° HE 96-31” / “Mus. Zool. H:fors. Spec,
typ. n° 9977 Gorna pilosa Popp.” / “Gorna pilosa gen.
nov. et sp. B. Poppius Det.” / “Tijnj(i)ruan, W. Java., 1400
m., Malabar geb(irge) [1700nn]” (FC n° 935).
Figures 79-85. Diognetus intonsus Distant, 1904, (5' FC n° 3989. 79 - Head, dorsal view; 80 - Thorax, lateral
view; 81 - Pronotal surface; 82 - Left hind leg; 83 - Pretarsus and claw; 84 - Left clavus; 85 - Habitus, dorsal
view, [scale bar 0.5 nnnn, except figs 79, 81 and 85 scale bar 1 nnnn].
95
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Figures 86-95. Genital organs of Papuan Heteroptera. 86-91: Eurystylus costalis Stal, 1871, Genitalia of both
sexes; 86. Left parannere; 87 - Right parannere; 88 - Endophallus; 89 - Detail of ACH, latero-ventral view; 90 -
Parieto-vaginal rings, ventral view; 91 - Posterior wall; 92-95 - Macrolygus rubrus (Carvalho, 1987) and M. viridu-
lus Yasunaga, 1992: $ genitalia (FC n° 3851 and n° 230 respectively); 92-93 - Parieto-vaginal rings;
94-95 - Posterior wall [scale bar 0.1 nnnn, except fig. 92 scale bar 0.5 nnnn].
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
References: Gorna pilosa Poppius, 1914a: 131-
132, as newspecies; Carvalho 1959: 96, catalogue;
Schuh 1995: 760, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Redescription: External anatomy. See generic
redescription. Measurennents in nnnn (holotype
fennale): Total length: about 5.46; width: 2.60;
medial length of pronotum: 1.19; posterior width
of pronotum: 2.21; vertex width: 0.41; eyes width:
0.40; length of antennal segments: I: 0.67; II: 2.24;
III: broken; IV: broken; medial length of scutellum:
1.06; basal width of scutellum: 1.02; length of
cuneus: 1.10; width of cuneus: 0.82.
Sexual dimorphism: Male unknown.
Female genitalia: unknown.
Discussion: D. /ntonsus was described by Poppius
(1914a: 131-132) on the female holotype from
Malabar gebirge, Java, Indonesia alone. The species
was not recorded since its original description. D.
intonsus could be separated from D. pilosus by
the frons and vertex slightly curved medially with
several dark patches or with a longitudinal dark
brown stripe (absent in D. pilosus) and by the
lighter dorsal colouration. The scutellum and clavii
are yellow brown to red in D. Intonsus, dark brown
in D. pilosus (except the lighter, yellowish apex of
clavii in both species), the dark brown to black
patches on coria are more reduced in D. Intonsus
than in D. pilosus. In light of this discussion and
considering the infraspecific variability as almost
unknown (primarily due to absence of additional
specimens from Indonesia), we maintain two
nominal species in the genus DIognetus. The
Philippine specimens seem relatively similar to D.
Intonsus but could belong to a new species. They
show minor differences with Sri Lankan specimens
i.e. the larger anterior dark-brown to black sub-
basal transverse fascia of pronotum and the more
rounded shape of the male. However, we refrain to
describe it now. The genus should be reviewed on
the basis of additional material and the included
species accurately redefined before any description
of new taxa. Specimens are available in BMNH,
AMNH and USNM collections.
Eurystylus Stal, 1871
References: Eurystylus Stal, 1871: 671, as new
genus; Zheng & Chen 1991: 197-203, revision of
Chinese fauna; Schuh 1995: 766-769, catalogue;
Stonedahl 1995: 135-156, review of Afrotropical
species, new species, new synonymies, new
combinations; Kerzhner & Josifov 1999: 99-100,
catalogue; Zheng et al. 2005: 271-277, 702,
redescription, in fauna; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Type species: Eurystylus costalls Stal, 1871, by
monotypy.
Eurystylus costalis Stal, 1871 (Figs 86-88, 90-91,
plate 14 fig. 11)
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1$: Baiteta, 05.V.1995, on Tristiropsis
acutangula (Sapindaceae), fogging, leg. 0. Missa
(FC n° 4014a); iS, 3$, 1?: Baiteta, 14.vii.l995, on
Neonauclea sp. (Rubiaceae), leg. 0. Missa, fogging (FC
n° 4840-4842, 5067-5068); 16': Baiteta, 12.iv.l996,
host unknown, leg. 0. Missa, light trap (FC n° 4843),
2$: Baiteta, iv.l996, host unidentified, leg. 0. Missa,
light trap (FC n° 4015a-4016a).
References: Eurystylus costalls Stal, 1871:
671, as new species; Zheng & Chen 1991: 198,
redescription; Schuh 1995: 767, catalogue; Zheng
et al. 2005: 273, 275-276, redescription, in fauna;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Addition to the original description: Because
only the phallic structures of E costa//s were shortly
described in the literature, we give herafter a more
detailed description of genitalia of both sexes of
this species.
Description of male genitalia: Left paramere
(Fig. 86) sickle-like, sensory lobe (si) large, apex
of primary apophysis (ApAp) sharp and accessory
lobe (La) rounded. Right paramere (Fig. 87) very
typical: inner margin translucent, including sensory
and secondary lobes, primary apophysis with
sharp apex and pointed, curved, accessory lobe.
Endophallus (Fig. 88) with three main lobes (Ll-
3) and small anterior lobe (L4), ACH divided in
basal and apical processes, apical process curved
and laterally toothed. Ductus seminis (Ds) and
secondary gonopore (G2) wide. Theca (th) wide.
Description of female genitalia: Anterior
sac or seminal depository large, subdivided
into two main parts, margins of glands obvious.
Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 90) relatively small,
rounded, devoid of sclerite. Dorso-labiate plate
wide, margins sclerotised (reinforcement: Fig. 90,
arrow). Ventral labiates plate complex. Dorsal wall
membranous. Posterior wall (Fig. 91) classical.
Inter-ramal sclerites or A structures (As) wide, with
sclerotised dorso-lateral plates. Inter-ramal lobes
or E structures (Es) rounded, pilose. Lateral lobes
or H structures (Hs) present. Dorsal structure (Ds)
subdivided in two parts (Cha and pit). Median
process or foot (Ft) wide.
Discussion: Stal (1871: 671) described his new
genus to accommodate his new species E. costalls
from Philippines Islands. Subsequently, numerous
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
species were described fronn tropical Africa and
Asia, nnainly by Poppius (1911a; 1912c; 1915a &
b) and Distant (1879; 1904c). Stonedahl (1995)
reviewed the Afrotropical species, and synonynnized
a lot of old nonnina. Zheng & Chen (1991) and
Zheng et al. (2005) redescribed the species fronn
China, Yasunaga et al. (2001) the species fronn
Japan. However, the genus Eurystylus rennains
a difficult group, because the high intraspecific
variability and the lack of a world scale revision,
including connparative description of nnale and
fennale genitalia. The specinnens fronn Baiteta
Forest could belong to E. costalis according to
Poppius (1911a) and Zheng et al. (2005) partial
keys. These specinnens can be easily separated
fronn a nnajority of the 19 species known fronn
Oriental and Australian regions by their external
anatonny, particularly their dark brown to black
dorsal colour, their total length, the length of the
first antennal segnnent and the shape of the second
antennal segnnent. Only two species known fronn
Oriental regions were not excluded on the basis of
those character states: E. costalis and E. montanus
Poppius, 1915a. The differences between both
species are unclear to us. Phallic structures of
Baiteta Forest’s nnale specinnens (Figs 88-89) are
sinnilar to the structures drawn by Zheng & Ohen
(1991: 198, fig. 4) and Zheng et al. (2005: 273,
fig. 79g) for E. costalis; however the AOH sensu
Oherot (2002) is slightly longer, curved and laterally
toothed (all character states difficult to appreciate
except for sonne orientations).
Apparently, E. costalls was described by Stal (1871:
671) on the basis of only one fennale specinnen fronn
Jolo, Philippines Islands. Additional specinnens
were recorded subsequently fronn nunnerous
other countries including China (Zheng & Chen
1991; Zheng et al. 2005), Indonesia (Mantawai
Archipelago and Sunnatra, cf. Poppius 1911a;
Java, cf. Carvalho 1959) and the United States of
Annerica (Mariana Islands, Guann and Pagan Islands
cf. Carvalho 1956). The species was unknown fronn
Papua New Guinea.
Hosts: The specinnens of Eurystylus costalls
Stal, 1871 of Baiteta Forest were recorded in four
independent collection events, by fogging and
light trap, on two different identified host plants:
Neonauclea sp. (Rubiaceae) and Tristriropsis
actuangula (Sapindaceae).
Eurystylus sp. near minutus Poppius, 1911a
Additional nnaterial 16' ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, Ol.v.1996, host unknown, leg. 0.
Missa, fogging (FC n ° 5069).
Discussion: The sole available specinnen of this
snnall species, recorded by fogging, was teneral and
consequently difficult to connpare with the other
Baiteta Forest’s Eurystylus specinnens. However,
the paranneres are relatively different, particularly
the right parannere (nnore classical, devoid of a
pointed, curved, accessory lobe).
Hosts: unknown.
Macrolygus Yasunaga, 1992
References: Macrolygus Yasunaga, 1992b: 48-
49, as new genus; Schuh 1995: 830, catalogue;
Kerzhner & Josifov in Aukenna & Rieger 1999: 123,
catalogue; Yasunaga et al. 2001: 71, 248-249,
redescription in fauna; Zheng et al. 2005: 371-372,
689, 708, redescription, in fauna; Schuh 2002-
2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Macrolygus viridulus Yasunaga,
1992b, by original designation and monotypy.
Macrolygus rubrus (Carvalho, 1987) (Figs 92-94,
plate 13 figs 6-7)
Paratype (6 MNRJ, ex BPBM: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: “Sinnbai, Bisnnarck Range, 1900nn., 29.V.1966,
J. L Gress/tt” (FCn° 4259).
Additional nnaterial IS & 1$ ISNB: Papua New
Guinea: Eastern Highlands: Bisnnarck Range, Iwam
Pass, 12.V.1988, host unknown, leg. J. Van Stalle (FC
n°s 3850-3851).
Other taxa examined for comparison (Plate 13
figs 8-10): Gigantomiris Jupiter Miyamoto, Yasunaga,
1988. Japan: Honshu: 1(6 ex HUES, CFC: Okayama Pref.,
Mt. Kenashi, Shinjo vil., 30.V.1994. (FC n° 219); 1$ ex
HUES, CFC, leg. T. Yasunaga: Hiroshima (Prefecture),
Chojabaru, Geihoku (town), 10-ll.vii.1994, light trap
K. Yoshizawa leg. (FC n° 218). Macrolygus viridulus
Yasunaga, 1992. Japan: Shikoku: 1$ HUES: Kochi
Pref(ecture), Monobe village (Kagami city), 29.viii.1993.,
Ex. C. harringtonia, Ali & Takai leg. (FC n° 230); Honshu:
1(6 HUES: Wakayama Pref(ecture), Hatenashi (Mountain
Range), 13.vi.l996, S. Gotoh leg. (FC n° 1262)
[specimens identified by T. Yasunaga]; Miyamotoa
rubicunda Yasunaga, 1990: Japan: Ryukyus: Amami-
Oshima Island: Paratype $ HUES: Mt. Yuwan-Dake,
Uken-Son (village), B4, 03.iv.l989, Y. Takematsu leg. (FC
n° 223); Paratype (6 HUES: Mt. Yuwan-dake, Ol.v.1986,
Y. Notsu(FCn° 222).
References: Waucorls rubrus: Carvalho 1987b:
161-162, 164, as new species: description, MG;
Schuh 1995: 972, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue. Macrolygus rubrus: Cherot &
Malipatil (2016: 190, 194-195), new connbination.
Addition to the original description: The
fennale genitalia of Macrolygus spp. were still
unknown. We provide hereafter the first description
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(plates 7-18)
of those structures for M. rubrus and M. viridulus.
Fennale genitalia ofM.ruibrL/s.Senninaldepository
or anterior sac (As) elongate, nnennbranous, lacking
sclerite or ring. Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 92, Ap)
large, totally separated; anterior nnargin slightly
convex, outer nnargin convex, posterior nnargin
ainnost straight, inner nnargins short, convex. Dorso-
labiate and ventro-labiate plates unsclerotised.
Dorsal wall nnennbranous (arrow). Posterior wall
(Fig. 94) elongate. Inter-rannal sclerites or A
structures (As) with slightly concave dorsal nnargins
and convex ventral and lateral nnargins. B structure
(Bs) connplex. Inter-rannal lobes or E structures (Es)
rounded, relatively snnall, obviously separated fronn
the B structure. Lateral plates nnarked. Lateral
lobes or H structures elongate.
Fennale genitalia of M. viridulus. Senninal
depository unknown. Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 93,
Ap) large, totally separated; anterior nnargin slightly
convex, outer nnargin convex, posterior nnargin
ainnost straight, inner nnargins short, convex. Dorso-
labiate and ventro-labiate plates unsclerotised.
Posterior wall (Fig. 95) elongate. Inter-rannal
sclerites or A structures (As) with concave dorsal
nnargins and strongly convex ventral and lateral
nnargins. B structure (Bs) reduced, devoid of
posterior plate and nnedian process (or foot). Base
(or dorsal structure, Ds) subdivided in two parts.
Inter-rannal lobes or E structures (Es) elongate,
slightly separated fronn the nnedian process. Lateral
plates and lateral lobes or H structures absent.
Discussion: As already pointed out, Carvalho
(1987b: 156-157) very briefly described his new
genus Waucoris to acconnnnodate all species
described by Poppius (1915a) under the nanne
Adelphocoris Reuter, 1896 fronn the Indo-
Australian region. He connpares his new genus
exclusively to Reuter’s genus and separates it by
the absence of the phallic connb and two other
nninor characters (colouration of tibial spines and
shape of larger areola of nnennbrane). On the basis
of these characters alone, he classifies his new
species IV. rubrus Carvalho, 1987 - described on a
series of 28 type specinnens fronn several localities
of New Guinea - in the genus Waucoris. However,
“IV.” rubrus Carvalho, 1987 is obviously neither
congeneric with Waucoris keyensis (Poppius,
1915a), the type species of the genus, nor with
the related species Waucoris papuanus (Poppius,
1915a) and Waucoris wauensis Carvalho, 1987b.
“W.” rubrus Carvalho, 1987 is even lacking one
of the nnain characters of the Adelphocoris -
Creontiades Distant, 1883 - Megacoelum Fieber,
1858 connplex of genera (cf. Cherot et al. 1999;
Cherot& Malipatil 2016), ofwhich the true Waucoris
are nnennbers. The two last antennal segnnents of
“IV.” rubrus are narrower than the second (versus
ainnost of the sanne width in Adelphocoris -
Creontiades - Megacoelum connplex of genera).
On the other hand, “IV.” rubrus agrees with original
description of Macrolygus by Yasunaga (1992b:
48-49) in virtually all nnajor characters, i.e.:
1 The elongate (nnore in the nnales than in the
fennale), relatively wide (nnore in the fennale)
body, covered with snnall, recunnbent, fine, white
pubescence;
2 The eyes contiguous to the narrow pronotal collar;
3 The vertex weakly sulcate longitudinally (the
sulcus ainnost absent in fennale), its base slightly
nnargin ate laterally;
4 The first antennal segnnent slightly curved,
relatively stout and short in the fennale, about as
long as width of head, as on Yasunaga’s (op. cit.:
49) fig. 3 (a fennale), linear, longer and narrower in
the nnale (as in Carvalho’s fig. 20, 1987, p. 162, a
nnale);
5 The second antennal segnnent ainnost linear, the
following segnnents slender;
6 The hennelytra shallowly punctate (as the
pronotunn and scutellunn), unifornniy covered by the
white, recunnbent pubescence and
7 The fore tibia widened distally.
If the nnale genitalia of “W.” rubrus, and particularly
the endophallus, are nnore connplex than those
of Macrolygus viridulus Yasunaga, 1992, two
innportant characters are sinnilar: the secondary
gonopore is proportionally very wide and provide
with a gonoporal process (cf. Carvalho 1987b: 162,
fig. 21 and Yasunaga 1992b: 50, fig. 4D).
“IV.” rubrus cannot be easily classified in any of
the other Mirini genera of the world with a narrow
and shallow dorsal punctation. “IV.” rubrus is
neither nnennber of Adelphocoris - Creontiades
- Megacoelum connplex of genera, nor nnennber
of Phytocoris Fallen, 1814 connplex of genera (cf.
Stonedahl 1988a; Cherot 1997b) or of Calocoris
Fieber, 1858 connplex of genera (sensu Rosenzweig
1997). Fronn the first, “IV.” rubrus is separated by the
antennal structure, fronn the second, “IV.” rubrus is
separated by the classical nnetafennoral structure
12 Yasunaga’s connparison between Macrolygus
and Lygocoris (Yasunaga, 1992b: 49) is difficult to
understand when the specinnen analysed is a fennale,
because M. viridulus Yasunaga, 1992 fennale is a large
bug. However, the habitus of several nnales are more
Lygocor/s-like.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
(not P/^ytocor/s-like i.e. not flattened and not basally
sulcate) and fronn the third, by the pilosity and nnale
genitalia. According to Rosenzweig (op. cit.: 140),
the “Calocoris connplex”, nnaybe a polyphyletic
group, including five “sub-” connplexes (also ternned
“connplex” by hinn)
1 The Closterotomus Fieber, 1858 connplex
(characterised by a nnixed pubescence and an
abundant vesical arnnannent);
2 The Polymerias Yasunaga, 1997 connplex
(characterised by the silky, silvery recunnbent dorsal
pubescence and by the totally black colouration);
3 The Thiomiris Rosenzweig, 1997 connplex
(characterised by the golden, fine pubescence and
by the totally yellow colouration);
4 The Ca/ocor/sconnplexstr/cto-sensu (characterised
by the endophallus with 6 lobes lacking sclerites
but provided with denticles fields), and
5 The Rhabdomiris Wagner, 1968 connplex
(characterised nnainly by the colouration of the
veins - nnargined with black - and the large ACH).
“W.” rubrus does not fit any of these groups.
Due to its colouration and large size, “W.” rubrus
could be connpared to Gigantomiris Miyannoto,
Yasunaga, 1988 and Miyamotoa Yasunaga, 1990.
Fronn Miyamotoa, “W” rubrus can be separated
by the shape of second antennal segnnent (linear
in “1/1/.” rubrus, apically club-like in Miyamotoa)
and by the hennelytral pubescence (sinnple, fine,
white, recunnbent in “1/1/.” rubrus, double, the first
silky, recunnbent, fine, white and the second stiff,
suberect, black in Miyamotoa). Fronn Gigantomiris,
“1/1/.” rubrus can be separated by the venation
(the nnedian vein is reduced in Gigantomiris) and
by the hennelytral pubescence (black, sparse,
suberect in Gigantomiris). The species of African
genus Pieurochiiophorus Reuter, 1905 possess
a gonoporal sclerite. Flowever, the shape of this
sclerite is totally different fronn the connb of “1/1/.”
rubrus or fronn the tiny ribbon-like sclerites of
M. viriduius. Moreover, Pieurochiiophorus could
be classified in Adeiphocoris - Creontiades -
Megacoeium connplex by the width of the two last
antennal segnnents, by the large sulcus of vertex
etc.
Consequently, Cherot & Malipatil (2016) suggested
the new connbination Macroiygus rubrus (Carvalho,
1987b). Flowever, T. Yasunaga (pers. connnn. to
the first author) considers that the sinnilarities
13 Sinnilar subdivisions are suggested in Rosenzweig’s
(2001) nnore general classification of Palaeartic genera
of “Miraria” and challenged by Cherot (2002).
between M. viriduius and “1/1/.” rubrus could be
just honnoplasy and the genus Macroiygus as east
Palaearctic elennent, living exclusively on several
conifers, including Cephaiotaxus. We are reluctant
to describe a new genus for 1/1/. rubrus in the
present state of our knowledge and nnaintain it in
Macroiygus until additional clarifications of Mirini
classification and phylogeny.
Obviously, the three species presently classified
in the genus Macroiygus can be easily separated
by the hennelytral colouration and by the nnale
genitalia. We provide hereafter a key of these
species.
Key to species of Macroiygus Yasunaga, 1992
1 Hennelytral colouration red, head, antennae, legs,
nnennbrane and apex of cunei, dark brown to black.
Endophallus connplex, including one ACH, one comb-like
gonoporal process and one “lobe sclerite” sensu Kelton
(1959) . M. rubrus (Carvalho, 1987)
- Hemelytral colouration and endophallus different .. 2
2 Hemelytral colouration green or yellow on dried faded
specimens in the collections. Species dorsally green
except for the brown membrane, and the exocoria, some
parts of the legs and some parts of antennal segments,
which are yellow. Endophallus with one very small and
elongate gonoporal sclerite .
. M. viriduius Yasunaga, 1992
- Hemelytral colouration green to red-brown. Endophallus
with an ACH, devoid of gonoporal sclerite .
. M. torreyae Zheng in Zheng et Lu, 2002
Hosts: Unknown. M. viriduius was recorded fronn
Chamaecyparis harringtonia (Cupressaceae,
unpublished data) and was sometimes attracted
to the light (Yasunaga 1992b). M. torreyae was
recorded from Torreya grandis (Taxaceae) (Zheng
& Lu 2002).
Note: this species was not recorded from Baiteta
Forest.
Prolygus Carvalho, 1987
References: Proiygus Carvalho, 1987c: 137-
138, as new genus; Schuh 1995: 941, catalogue;
Kerzhner & Josifov 1999: 172-173, catalogue;
Zheng et al. 2005: 560-565, redescription, in
fauna; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Lygus papuanus Poppius, 1914b,
by original designation.
Prolygus ehannoi sp. nov. (Figs 96-109, plate 14
figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Proiygus ehannoi sp. nov. FC n°4021. Det. F. Cherot,
2011” / “Holotype Proiygus ehannoi Cherot, Gorczyca,
100
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Schwartz & Denfiol” / “Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Canopy Mission
Papua New Guinea, (Madang prov.): Baiteta 03.vi.l996,
light trap AR16 [the code AR16 corresponds to Celtis
philippinensis (UInnaceae)], leg. 0. Missa” (FC n° 4021).
Paratypes ISNB: 1$: Baiteta, 16.111. 1993, 0. Missa
leg., on Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap
(FC n° 4027); 16', 3$: Baiteta, 26.iii.1993, 0. Missa
leg., on Pometia pinnata, light trap (FC n°s 4015-
4017, 4019); 1(6: Baiteta, 20.V.1993, 0. Missa leg.,
on Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae), light trap (FC n°
4014); 2(6 & 1$: Baiteta, 24.iv.1996, 0. Missa leg., on
Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae), light trap (FC n°s
4018, 4022, 4025); 11(6: Baiteta, 10.vi.l996, 0. Missa
leg., on Buchaniana heterophyiia (Anacardiaceae), light
Figures 96-102. Proiygus ehannoi sp. nov., fennale paratype FC n°4027. 96 - Flead, lateral view; 97 - Flead, dor¬
sal view; 98 - Pronotal surface; 99 - Metafennur; 100 - Claw; 101 - Clavii and coria; 102 - Abdonnen, ventral view
[scale bar 0.1 nnnn, except fig. 100 scale bar 0.05 nnnn and fig. 102 scale bar 0.5 nnnn].
101
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
trap (FC n° 4020); 16': Baiteta, 01.vii.l996, 0. Missa
leg., on Buchaniana heterophylla (Anacardiaceae), light
trap(FCn° 4023).
Derivatio nonninis: The new species is dedicated
to our French colleague the late Bernard Ehanno
for his accurate and very detailed works about the
genus Dimorphocoris (Halticini) and about fennale
genitalia of Miridae.
Description: Body rounded, relatively wide,
stout, total length in fennale: 3.58-3.92 (n =5), total
length in nnales: 3.63-3.77 (n = 6); nnaxinnal width
of hennelytra (after apex of clavus) in nnales: 1.67-
1.86 (n = 6), nnaxinnal width of hennelytra (after
apex of clavus) in fennales: 1.76-1.91 (n = 5). Dorsal
colouration in collection yellow green to light brown
with nunnerous red brown patches on hennelytra
(Fig. 101, plate 14 figs 1-3). Head. Clypeus yellow,
not covered by frons in dorsal view, with short
suberect setae. Maxillary and nnandibular plates
uncarinate, lacking tubercle, yellow brown with red
to pinkish spots. Frons yellow, slightly rounded, with
very short, recunnbent or suberect, white setae,
without sericeous or woolly setae (Fig. 98). Eyes
glabrous, silvery, occupying about 75 percent of
height of head in lateral view. Total width of diatone
in nnales: 0.88-1.00 (n = 6), in fennales: 0.88-0.93
(n = 5), width of vertex in nnales: 0.29-0.34 (n =
6), in fennales: 0.29-0.39 (n = 5). Vertex obviously
carinate, slightly depressed nnedially. Antenna
elongate. First and second segnnents yellow, third
and fourth black, except for a very narrow yellow
ring. Lengths of joints in nnales: 0.37-0.49 (n = 6),
1.37-1.47 (n = 6), 0.64-0.74 (n = 6), 0.54-0.61 (n =
4) . Lengths of Joints in fennales: 0.37-0.42 (n = 5),
1.30-1.52 (n = 5), 0.71-0.78 (n = 5), 0.54-0.61 (n =
5) . Labiunn yellow, with red lines, extending slightly
beyond the nnetacoxa. Thorax. Pronotunn (Fig.
98). Total length in nnales (collar included): 0.75-
0.87 (n = 6). Total length in fennales (collar included):
0.77-0.83 (n = 5). Posterior width in nnales: 1.42-
1.52 (n = 6). Posterior width in fennales: 1.37-1.62
(n = 5). Collar narrow, yellow brownish. Callosities
reduced, hardly visible, separated nnedially and
fronn the lateral nnargins of disk. Pronotal disk
yellow brown, punctation relatively narrow but deep,
dense. Mesoscutunn sonnetinnes totally covered,
frequently at least partially uncovered. Scutellunn
Figures 103-109. Prolygus ehannoi sp. nov., genitalia of both sexes. 103 - Left parannere; 104 - Prinnary apophy¬
sis of the left paranneres, ventral view; 105 - Right paranneres; 106-107 - Endophallus, (6 paratype FC n° 4018;
108 - Parieto-vaginal rings, dorsal view; 109 - Posterior wall, $ paratype FC n° 4019 [scale bar 0.1 nnnn].
102
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
(Fig. 101). Length in nnales (nnesoscutunn excluded):
0.54-0.64 (n = 6), length in fennales (nnesoscutunn
excluded): 0.51-0.80 (n = 5). Basal width in nnales:
0.47-0.81 (n = 6), basal width in fennales: 0.49-
0.76. Surface yellow brown, sonnetinnes with red
brown patches, striate; pilosity white, adpressed to
suberect; punctation narrow and deep, the lateral
nnargins straight. Legs (Fig. 99). Fennora yellow-
brown, with several red to pinkish rings apically.
Metatibia with suberect, yellowish setae and
yellowish to brownish spines, arisingfronn wide dark
red to brown point. Tarsi yellow, with base and apex
orange-brown. Claws (Fig. 100). Henn elytra (Fig.
101). Clavus and coriunn opaque, yellow-brown,
with dense, shallow and narrow punctation and
nunnerous red brown to brown patches, particularly
on the endocorium. Pilosity adpressed, white,
without sericeous or woolly setae. Cuneus yellow-
brown, apex with black. Length of cuneus in nnales:
0.64-0.76 (n = 6), length of cuneus in fennales:
0.60-0.69 (n = 5). Width of cuneus in nnales: 0.39-
0.56 (n = 6), width of cuneus in fennales: 0.39-0.54
(n = 5). Membrane glassy, brownish with yellowish
areas, veins yellowish. Abdomen (Fig. 102):
yellowish with long white setae and red to pinkish
patches.
Male genitalia: Left paramere (Figs 103-104)
sickle-like with wide sensory lobe, pointed primary
apophysis (Apl) slightly curved apically and acute
accessory lobe (LA). Right paramere (Fig. 105) stout
with short, curved, primary apophysis. Endophallus
(Figs 106-107) with large secondary gonopore (Fig.
107, G2), elongate, convoluted ACH and elongate
apical spiculum (Sp).
Female genitalia: Anterior sac (SA) classical,
apparently lacking sclerite or glandular ring. Dorsal
wall (Fig. 108) complex, including large posterior
sac. Pair of subtriangular toothed medial processes
(MP) projecting into genitalic chamber, apparently
arising from reinforced part of lateral roof of
chamber, partially hidden in dorsal view by dorsal
wall. Lateral oviducts totally separated, short and
relatively narrow. Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 108)
large, anterior and latero-inner margins slightly
convex, posterior and latero-outer margins sigmoid.
Rings separated by distance slightly greater than
maximal length, linked by curved medial plate
(PmAp). Dorso-labiate plate slightly sclerotised.
Posterior wall (Fig. 109) large. Inter-ramal
sclerites or A structures (AS) with obviously convex
dorsal margins and lateral margins and slightly
concave ventral margins. Inter-ramal lobes from E
structures (ES) elongate, Apo/ygus-l ike, arising from
reinforcement - or lateral plate - of inter-ramal
sclerite ventral margin, obviously separated of B
structure. Membranous area separates interramal
and lateral lobes. Lateral lobes or H structures (HS)
wide, elongate and convoluted.
Discussion: The generic placement of these
typical bugs belonging to Lygus complex is
problematic. Numerous genera of the complex
remain poorly defined. Carvalho (1987c: 138)
briefly described the genus Prolygus, based mainly
on not diagnostic character states and compars it
only to few genera of the complex. As pointed out
by Schwartz & Kerzhner (1997: 255), character
states of the left paramere and sclerotised rings
“do not allow unequivocal generic placement”.
Prolygus should be carefully reviewed. However, we
were not able to classify our specimens in another
genus of the complex. The measurements, the
head structure, the dorsal colouration and pilosity,
the spines of metatibia, yellow to red, arising from
wide dark point (as it is the case in several Papuan
Prolygus, contra Yasunaga et al. 2002 key) and the
male genitalia seem to exclude their membership
to the numerous other genera of the complex. The
very typical female genitalia seem species-specific.
Although structurally similar to the structures of P
polhemusorum sp. nov., the female genitalia of P
ehannol sp. nov. differs by the shape of parieto-
vaginal rings, by the shape of the sclerites of the
dorsal wall, by the shape of the inter-ramal sclerites
and by the shape of the lateral lobes of the posterior
wall etc. The new species is easily separated
from the Papuan Prolygus species by its dorsal
colouration (yellow green with numerous red brown
patches) and by the male and female genitalia.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, 12 specimens of P
ehannol were recorded in 7 independent collection
events, only by light traps, from Buchanlana
heterophylla (Anacardiaceae), Celtls philippinensis
(Ulmaceae), Chlsocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae),
Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae) and Pometia
pinnata (Sapindaceae).
Prolygus erimensis (Poppius, 1914b) (Figs 110-
116, 138-139, plate 17 figs 1-2)
Lectotype $ HNHM, designation by Carvalho, 1987c:
142: Papua New Guinea: Madang: “Astrolabe Bai, Erinna,
1898, Biro” (FC n° 5064) (HNHM).
Additional nnaterial 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: Baiteta, 08.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg., on
Chlsocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae), light trap (FC n°
4068).
References: Lygus erimensis Poppius, 1914b:
370, as new species; Prolygus erimensis: Carvalho
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
1987c: 139, 142, redescription, habitus, new just provide sonne reduced information about the
combination; Schuh 1995: 941, catalogue; Schuh genitalia. Dorsal sac and posterior wall unknown.
2002-2013, online catalogue. Lateral oviducts wide and particularly elongate.
Addition to the original description: The Dorsal labiate plate slightly sclerotised on margins,
female genitalia of Prolygus erimensis were posterior margin curved. Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig.
unknown still. Unfortunately, the abdomen of the 138) reduced, their shape classical: anterior margin
Baiteta specimen is in poor condition and we can convex, posterior margin almost straight. Posterior
Figures 110-116. Prolygus erimensis (Poppius, 1914b), female FC n° 4068; 110 - Head, lateral view; 111 - ditto,
dorsal view; 112 - Pronotal surface; 113 - Metatibia; 114 - Pretarsus and claw; 115 - Clavii and anterior parts of
coria; 116 - Abdomen, ventral view [scale bar 0.1 mm, except fig. 116 scale bar 0.5 mm].
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
wall (Fig. 139) with relatively connplex B structure
and snnall E structures. H structure absent.
Discussion: Prolygus erimensis (Poppius,
1914) was described on the basis of two fennale
specinnens: the lectotype fronn Astrolabe Bai,
Madang Province, Papua New Guinea and a
paralectotype fronn Sattelberg, Huon Gulf, Morobe
Province, Papua New Guinea. Carvalho (1987c:
142) nnentions additional specinnens, all fennales,
fronn Papua Barat, Indonesia (Warris) and fronn
Papua New Guinea (Kassann, 48 knn E. of Kainantu,
Eastern Highlands; Maprik, East Sepik and Goroka,
Eastern Highlands).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, P. erimensis (Poppius,
1914) was recorded once, by light trap, on
Chisocheton ceramicus.
Prolygus cf. femoralis Poppius, 1914b (Figs 117-
123, 140-144, pi late 17 fig. 3)
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
2$ ISNB: Baiteta, 16.iii.l993, 0. Missa leg., on
Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap (FC n°s
4032, 5137); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 19.iii.l993, 0. Missa
leg., on Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae), light trap (FC
n° 4034); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 26.iii.1993, 0. Missa leg.,
on Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae), light trap (FC n°
4036); 1(5' & 4$ ISNB: Baiteta, 20.V.1993, 0. Missa
leg., on Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae), light trap
(FC n°s 4035, 4040, 4044, 4047, 4050); 2(5' & 1$
ISNB: Baiteta, 05.V.1995, 0. Missa leg., on Tristiropsis
acutangula (Sapindaceae), fogging (FC n °s 4030, 4041-
4042); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 1995, 0. Missa leg., on Celtis
latifolia (UInnaceae) + Planchonella sp. (Sapotaceae),
fogging (FC n° 4045); 1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, 09.iv.l996,
0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton ceramicus (Meliaceae),
light trap (FC n° 4024); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 09.iv.l996,
0. Missa leg., on Terminalia sepikana (Connbretaceae),
light trap (FC n° 4037); 1? ISNB: Baiteta, 09.iv.l996,
0. Missa leg., on Celtis philippinensis (UInnaceae), light
trap (FC n° 4033); 2$ ISNB: Baiteta, 13.iv.l996, 0.
Missa leg., on Dysoxylum arnoldianum (Meliaceae) +
Homalium foetidum (Flacourtiaceae), light trap (FC n°
4038-4039); 1? ISNB: Baiteta, 13.iv.l996, 0. Missa
leg., on Celtis philippinensis (UInnaceae), fogging (FC n°
4052); 1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, 15.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg., on
Terminalia sepikana (Connbretaceae) + Piteleocarpus
indicum (Fabaceae), light trap (FC n° 4051); 3$ ISNB:
Baiteta, 24.iv.1996, 0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton
ceramicus (Melicaceae), light trap (FC n°s 4028, 4043,
4046); 2$ & 1? ISNB: Baiteta, ?.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg.,
host unknown, light trap (FC n °s 4026, 4029, 4049).
References: Lygus femoralis Poppius, 1914b:
376-377, as new species; Prolygus femoralis:
Carvalho 1987c: 142-143, redescription, MG,
synonynny, new connbination; Schuh 1995: 941,
catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Prolygus femoralis was described
by Poppius (1914b: 376-377) on the fennale
holotype fronn Sattelberg, Huon Gulf alone. A few
additional specinnens fronn Morobe District and
New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, were cited by
Carvalho (1987c). Unfortunately, neither Poppius’
nor Carvalho’s descriptions are very detailed and
the variability is ainnost unknown. We attribute, with
sonne doubts, our specinnens to P femoralis on the
basis of these descriptions. The specinnens fronn
Baiteta Forest are totally yellow green to olive green
except the black or dark red apices of cunei and the
dark two last segnnents of antenna, as described
in the literature. Annong Papuan Prolygus, just one
species, P femoralis, has such habitus. P stall is
unicolourous yellow, the cuneus included, and
P concolor was synonynnized with P femoralis
by Carvalho (1987c: 143), a nonnenclatorial act
onnitted by Schuh (1995, 2002-2013). However,
the tibial spines of our specinnens are light yellow to
red, not dark brown {contra Carvalho and Poppius,
op. cit.), the two last antennal segnnents are ainnost
black (not respectively brown and dark brown) and
the nnale genitalia are not totally identical with
Carvalho’s drawings (op. cit.: p. 143, figs 15-17).
The significance of these differences is difficult to
evaluate as the literature is difficult to interpret.
For exannple, tibial spines are described by Poppius
(1914b: 376) and Carvalho (1987c: 1942) as dark
brown, but a specinnen fronn Mindick connpared
with the type by Carvalho has yellow spines, the
colour of the two first antennal segnnents are not
described by both authors etc.
The taxononnic status of the nonninal species
P concolor is definitely unsolvable. The fennale
holotype being lost (Carvalho 1987c), Carvalho’s
subjective synonynny will rennain unconfirnnable.The
selection of the holotype of P. femoralis as neotype
of P. concolor could allow to fix the nonnenclatorial
status of P. concolor.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, 29 specinnens of P.
femoralis were recorded in 15 independent
collection events, by light traps and by fogging,
fronn Celtis philippinensis (UInnaceae), Chisocheton
ceramicus (Meliaceae), Dracontomelum dao
(Anacardiaceae), Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae),
Terminalia sepikana (Connbretaceae) and
Tristiropsis acutangula (Sapindaceae).
Prolygus polhemusorum sp. nov. (Figs 124-130,
145-150, plate 17 figs 4-5)
Holotype (5' ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Prolygus polhemusorum sp. nov. FC n°4053. Det. F.
Cherot, 2011” / “Holotype Prolygus polhemusorum
Cherot, Gorczyca, Schwartz & Dennor'/ “Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B.,
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Canopy Mission Papua New Guinea, (Madang prov.): patigravianum (Meliaceae), fogging (FC n° 4052);
Baiteta lO.v.1995, fogging AR5 [the code AR5 1$: Baiteta, 24.iv.1996, 0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton
corresponds to Chisocheton ceramicus (Melicaceae)], ceram/cus (Melicaceae), light trap (FC n° 5136a).
leg. 0. Missa” (FCn°s4053).
Paratypes 5 specinnens ISNB: 2(5' & 1$: sanne data Derivatio nonn in is: The new species is dedicated
than the holotype (FC n“s 4031, 4048, 4054). 1?: colleagues the late John Polhemus and his
Baiteta, 02.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Dysoxylum
Figures 117-123. Prolygus cf. femoralis (Poppius, 1914b). 117 - Flead, lateral view, $ FC n° 4032); 118 - Mese-
pinneron and nnetepisternunn, $ FC n° 4044); 119 - Pronotal surface, $ FC n° 4032); 120 - Pretarsus and claw,
$ FC n° 4032); 121 - Metatibia, $ FC n° 4032); 122 - Left clavus, $ FC n° 4032); 123 - Abdonnen, ventral
view, $ FC n ° 4032) [scale bar 0.1 nnnn, except figs 121 and 123 scale bar 0.5 nnnn].
106
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(plates 7-18)
son Dan Polhennus (Bishop Museunn, Honolulu,
U.S.A.) for their fundannental contributions to the
knowledge of the Gerronnorpha of the World and
Hawaiian Orthotylinae but also for the kind help
they always provided to the authors.
Description: Body oblong, dull. Total length in
males: 3.98-4.22, total length in female: 3.30.
Maximal width of hemelytra (after apex of clavus)
in males: 1.84-2.14; maximal width of hemelytra
(after apex of clavus) in female: 1.53. Dorsal
colouration green-brown (Plate 17 figs 4-5). Head.
Clypeus yellow-brown, not covered byfrons in dorsal
view, almost glabrous. Tylus brown. Maxillary and
mandibular plates uncarinate, devoid of tubercle
(Fig. 124), yellow-brown. Fronsyellow-brown to green-
brown, slightly rounded, with very short, recumbent
or suberect, white setae, without sericeous or
woolly setae (Fig. 125). Eyes glabrous, silvery,
occupying about height of head in lateral view. Total
width of diatone in males: 0.97-1.07; total width of
diatone in female: 1.41. Width of vertex in males:
0.24-0.28; width of vertex in female: 0.28. Vertex
carinate, slightly depressed medially. Antenna
elongate. First and second segments yellow-brown,
second with basal Va lighter, yellow, third and fourth
segments black. Lengths of joints in males: I: 0.59,
II: 1.70-1.90, III: 0.95-1.15 (n = 2), IV: 0.51 (n = 1).
Lengths of the Joints in female: I: 0.40, II: 1.30, III:
0.65, IV: 0.59. Labium yellow, its apex dark brown,
extending slightly beyond metacoxa. Thorax.
Pronotum (Fig. 126) green-brown. Total length
in males (collar included): 0.87-0.89; total length
in female (collar included): 0.71. Posterior width
in males: 1.50-1.66; posterior width in females:
1.38. Collar narrow, yellow brownish. Callosities
reduced, hardly visible. Punctation of pronotal disk
(Fig. 126) relatively wide. Mesoscutum totally
covered. Scutellum (Fig. 127) green-brown.
Length in males: 0.67-0.75; length in female: 0.59.
Basal width in males: 0.67-0.87; basal width in
female: 0.63. Legs. Femora and tibia yellowish.
Metatibia yellowish, basally with wide red-brown
patches. Metatibia with suberect, yellowish setae
and yellowish to brownish spines. Tarsi yellow, with
base and apex orange-brown. Hemelytra (Fig.
129) green-brown, opaque. Clavus green-brown,
with dense, shallow but relatively wide punctation,
partially hidden by pilosity. Corium green-brown,
punctation less dense. Pilosity recumbent, white,
relatively long. Cuneus yellowish. Length of cuneus
in males: 0.63-0.75; length of cuneus in female:
0.59. Width of cuneus in males: 0.43 (n = 2); length
of cuneus in female: 0.59. Membrane glassy,
brownish, veins yellowish. Abdomen yellowish
with long, white, setae.
Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 145) sickle¬
like, sensory lobe (Ls) reduced, tertiary lobe (L3)
elongate, with line of elongate setae, narrow arm
with two setae tufts, primary apophysis sharp,
slightly curved, secondary apophysis pointed
(arrow). Right paramere (Fig. 146) stout, apophysis
with two lobes. Endophallus (Figs 147-148)
complex, including five different sclerites (Sl-
S5), wide ductus-seminis and classical secondary
gonopore.
Female genitalia: Anterior sac classical,
apparently devoid of sclerite or glandular ring.
Dorsal wall complex (Fig. 149). Pair of toothed
medial processes (MP) projecting into genitalic
chamber, apparently arising from a reinforced
part of lateral roof of chamber. Lateral oviducts
totally separated, short and stout. Parieto-vaginal
rings classical (Fig. 149), partially hidden in dorsal
view by dorsal wall, anterior, posterior and latero-
outer margins almost straight, latero-inner margins
convex. Rings separated by a distance slightly
greater than maximal length, linked by medial
plate. Dorsal labiate plate slightly sclerotised.
Posterior wall (Fig. 150) particularly complex. Dorsal
structure in dorsal view apparently divided into two
parts: hat (Cha) and plate (pit). Inter-ramal sclerites
or A structures (As) with slightly concave dorsal and
ventral margins and convex lateral margins. Inter-
ramal lobes or E structures (ES) elongate, Apolygus-
like, arising from reinforcement - or lateral plate
- of inter-ramal sclerite dorsal margin, obviously
separated from B structure. A membranous area
with line of denticles between the interramal and
the lateral lobes separates B structure in two parts.
Lateral lobes or H structures (HS) wide, elongate
and convoluted.
Discussion: Prolygus polhemusorum sp. nov.
is relatively close to P. ehannoi sp. nov. and P.
cf. femoralis by its habitus. It is easily separated
from all Prolygus species by the male genitalia,
particularly by its complex endophallus.
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, 4 specimens of
Prolygus polhemusorum sp. nov. were recorded
in 3 independent collection events, by fogging
and by light trap, on Chlsocheton ceramicus and
Dysoxylum patigravlanum (both Melicaceae).
“Lygus” Incertae sedls near to Prolygus (Plate 17
fig. 6)
Additional nnaterial ISNB: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1$: Baiteta, 12.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg., host
unknown,fogging(FCn° 4065); 1$: Baiteta, 25.vii. 1996,
0. Missa leg., host unknown, fogging (FC n° 4066).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Discussion: We were not able to attribute these Sabactiopus Zheng, Lin, 2002
two specinnens to a genus of the Lygus-connplex. References: Sabactiopus Zheng, Lin, 2002: 76-
Additional nnale specinnens would be necessary to 77, as new genus; Schwartz & Cherot 2005: 16-17,
correctly classify this taxon. new connbinations; Zheng et al. 2005: 569-571,
719, redescription, in fauna; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Type species: Sabactiopus sauteri (Poppius,
Figures 124-130. Prolygus polhemusorum sp. nov. 124-127 - Male holotype: 124 - Head, lateral view; 125 -
Head, dorsal view; 126 - Pronotal surface; 127 - Scutellunn, dorsal view; 128 - Median legof fennale paratype FC
n° 5136a; 129 - Clavii and anterior parts of coria; 130 - Habitus, dorsal view, paratype $ FC n° 5136a [scale bar
0.1 nnnn, except fig. 128 scale bar 0.5 nnnn and fig. 130 scale bar 1 nnnn].
108
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(plates 7-18)
1912d), by original designation.
The genus SabactL/s Distant, 1910a sensu Schwartz
& Kerzhner (1997) and Schwartz & Foottit (1998)
was not a honnogenous taxon and was subdivided in
two genera byZheng& Lin (2002). The latter authors
erected their genus Sabactiopus to acconnnnodate
Lygus sauteri Poppius, 1912d, transferred into the
genus Sabactus by Schwartz & Kerzhner (1997).
Adequate diagnosis of Sabactiopus was provided
by Zheng & Lin (2002) and is not repeated here.
Sabactiopus formosus (Distant, 1904c) comb,
nov.
Additional nnaterial 16' NHMW: Sabactiopus
formosus (DISTANT, 1904c): INDIA: north east,
MEGHALAYA STATE: Balpakram N(atural) P(ark), W(est)
Garo Hills, 22-27. v.1996, 250-550 m., GPS N. 25°, 11’,
E. 90° 51’, leg. E. Jenedek & 0. Sauss (FC n° 5433).
References: Liocoris formosus Distant, 1904c:
464, as new species; Schuh, 1995: 789 (catalog);
Sabactus formosus: Schwartz & Foottit, 1998: 366,
new connbination.
Discussion: Liocoris formosus was described
by Distant (1904c: 464) fronn Burnna, Tenass
Valley and subsequently reclassified in the genus
Sabactus Distant, 1910a by Schwartz & Foottit
(1998). By its habitus, L formosus is close related
to L. sauteri and consequently, we suggest the
new connbination: Sabactiopus formosus (Distant,
1904c) connb. nov.
Sabactiopus zhengi sp. nov. (Figs 131-137, 151-
154, plate 17 fig. 7)
Holotype (6 ISNB: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
“Sabactiopus zhengi s\^. nov. FC n°5067. Det. F Cherot,
2011” / “Holotype Sabactiopus zhengi Cherot, Gorczyca,
Schwartz & Dennol” / “Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Canopy Mission
Papua New Guinea, (Madang prov.): Baiteta 24.V.1995,
fogging AR7 [the code AR7 corresponds to Buchaniana
heterophylla (Anacardiaceae) or Vitex cofassus
(Verbenaceae) or Hernandia ovigera (Hernandiaceae)],
leg. 0. Missa” (FCn°s5067).
Other taxa exannined for connparison:
Sabactiopus laevipennis Poppius, 1914b. Philippines
Islands: Lugon Island: lectotype $ ZMHF, designation:
Schwartz & Cherot, 2005: “Mus. Zool. H:fors, Spec. typ.
10287, Lygus laevipennis Popp.” / “1277” / “Los Banos,
P. I. Baker”. Sabactiopus sublaevis Poppius, 1914b.
Indonesia: Sulawesi: Holotype $ HNHM: “Sabactus
sublaevis Det. M. D. Schwartz, 1997” / “Typus” /
“Sabactus sublaevis sp. nov.”/ “S(outh) Celebes, Bua
Kraeng, 5000', 11.1896, H. Fruhstorfer”.
Derivatio nonninis: The new species is dedicated
to Prof. Leyi Zheng fronn Nankai University, Tianjin,
Poeples Republic of China, for his innportant
contribution to the knowledge of Chinese
Heteroptera, particularly of the Miridae subfannily
Mirinae.
Description: Body rounded, stout, strongly
shining. Total length: 4.10; nnaxinnal width of
hennelytra (after apex of clavus): 2.08. Dorsal
colouration black and yellow to orange brown,
contrasting (Plate 17 fig. 7). Head. Clypeus yellow,
not covered by frons in dorsal view, with short,
suberect, white setae. Tylus orange. Maxillary and
nnandibular plates uncarinate, lackingtubercle (Fig.
131), nnandibular plates yellow to orange-brown,
slightly striate, nnaxillary plates darker, red. Frons
yellow, slightly rounded, ainnost glabrous, with
sonne very short, recunnbent or suberect, white
setae, without sericeous or woolly setae (Fig. 133).
Eyes ainnost glabrous, silvery, occupying about 75
percent of height of head in lateral view, covering
partially pronotal collar in dorsal view. Total width
of diatone: 1.10, width of vertex: 0.36. Vertex
obviously carinate, slightly depressed medially.
Carina narrow, curved laterally. Antenna elongate.
First and second segments yellow to orange-
brown, first with narrow brown ring subapically,
second with apical 1/4 red-brown, third and fourth
segments missing. Lengths of Joints: I: 0.55, II:
1.70. Labium yellow-brown to red-brown, extending
slightly beyond metacoxa. Thorax. Pro not urn
shining, bicolour (Fig. 133), lateral margins yellow
to orange, the middle part black. Total length (collar
included): 1.22. Posterior width: 1.96. Collar narrow,
orange brown. Callosities reduced, hardly visible.
Punctation of pronotal disk (Figs 133, 136) shallow
but relatively wide. External scent gland (Fig. 132).
Mesoscutum totally covered. Scutellum (Fig.
136) yellowish, base and medial line dark brown
to black with red brown margin, apex and lateral
corners red brown. Length: 0.75. Basal width: 0.83.
Surface slightly striate basally, with some relatively
wide punctures laterally. Legs (Fig. 135). Femora
and tibia yellow-brown. Spines of protibia orange.
Tarsi yellow, with apex of third orange-brown. Claws
(Fig. 134). Hemelytra (Fig. 136, plate 17 fig. 7)
dark brown to black, opaque. Clavus dark-brown
to black, with dense, relatively wide and narrow
punctuation. Corium dark-brown, punctation less
dense. Cuneus dark brown to black, apex yellowish,
intermediate area reddish. Length of cuneus: 0.75.
Width of cuneus: 0.40. Membrane glassy, brownish
with yellowish areas, veins brown. Abdomen (Fig.
137) : brown with long white setae.
Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 151) sickle-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
like, the sensory lobe (Ls) relatively reduced, Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale unknown,
toothed, body wide, primary apohysis (Apl) with Discussion: The relativelysmall, rounded, strongly
hooked apex (Fig. 152). Right paramere (Fig. 153) shining body, the head vertical, short and high in
with pointed tertiary lobe (L3) and primary apohysis lateral view, the vertex weakly depressed medially,
(Apl). Endophallus (Fig. 154) with elongate ACFI, fully carinate, the carina thick, slightly curved, the
small spiculum (Sp) and elongate toothed lateral pronotum declive, almost glabrous, the anterior
lobe. lateral corners of the pronotum and the collar
Figures 131-137. Sabactiopus zhengi s\^. nov., holotype 6' FC n° 5067; 131 - Head, lateral view; 132 - Mesepim-
eron and metepisternum; 133 - Head and pronotal surface, dorsal view; 134 - Pretarsus and claw; 135 - Anterior
leg; 136 - Hemelytra; 137 - Pygophore [scale bar 0.1 mm, except figs 133 and 135-136 scale bar 0.5 mm].
110
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Figures 138-152. Genital structures of Papuan Heteroptera. 138-139 - Prolygus erimensis (Poppius, 1914b),
parieto-vaginal rings, dorsal view and posterior wall, FC n° 4068; 140-144 - Prolygus cf. femoralis (Poppius,
1914b), genitalia of both sexes: 140 - Left paranneres, dorso-lateral view; 141 - Right parannere, dorsal view;
142 - Endophallus; 143 - Left parieto-vaginal ring and dorsal wall, dorsal view; 144 - Posterior wall; 145-150 - P.
polhemusorum sp. nov., genitalia of both sexes, paratypes FC n°S 4054 and 5136a; 145 - Left parannere, dorsal
view; 146 - Right parannere, dorsal view; 147-148 - Endophallus in different views; 149 - Left parieto-vaginal
ring and dorsal wall, dorsal view; 150 - Posterior wall; 151-154 - Sabactiopus zhengi sp. nov., genitalia of male
holotype; 151 - Left paramere, dorsal view; 152 - Apex of left paramere; 153 - Right paramere, dorsal view; 154
- Endophallus in dorso-lateral view [scale bar 0.1 mm].
Ill
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
partially hidden by the eyes in dorsal view, the collar
lower than the anterior part of the pronotal disk,
the pronotal punctures shallow and narrow, the
pronotal callosities flat, the hennelytra shining, the
clavus coarsely and shallowly punctate, the coriunn
narrowly punctate, the colouration black and yellow
to orange-brown of S. zhengi all perfectly confornn
with Zheng & Lin’s (2002: 76-77) original diagnosis
and description of the genus Sabactiopus.
At present, the genus Sabactiopus includes three
species: S. sauteri Poppius, 1912d, its type species,
S. laevipennis Poppius, 1914b and S. sublaevis
Poppius, 1914b (cf. Schwartz & Cherot, 2005).
From these three species, Sabactiopus zhengi
sp. nov. can be easily separated by the hemelytra
almost unicolourous black devoid of yellow or
yellow brownish areas. The scutellum not totally
black and the pronotal disk black with the margins
yellowish of S. zhengi sp. nov. differ obviously from
Apoiygus eous (Poppius, 1915b) and Proiygus niger
(Poppius, 1915b) patterns, two dark members of
the Lygus-complexfrom the Oriental Region.
H osts: Unknown. In the Baiteta Forest, Sabact/opus
zhengi sp. nov. was recorded only once, by fogging,
on an unknown host plant.
Tinginotopsis Poppius, 1915b
References: Tinginotopsis Poppius, 1915b: 23-
24, as new genus; Schuh 1995: 963, catalogue;
Kerzhner & Josifov 1999: 180-181, catalogue;
Eyies 2000: 116, redescription; Zheng et al. 2005:
583, 686, 698, redescription, in fauna; Schuh
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Tinginotopsis dromedarius
Poppius, 1915b, a junior synonym of Tinginotopsis
oryzae (Matsumura, 1910), the synonymy by
Yasunaga etal. 1996.
Redescription: Adequate diagnoses of
Tinginotopsis were provided by Carvalho (1987a),
Yasunaga (1999), and Eyies (2000) and are not
repeated here.
Tinginotopsis cameius Poppius, 1915a (Plate 18
fig. 1)
Lectotype 6' ZMHF, designation by Carvalho, 1987a:
14 This species is cited, as “sp. nov.”, in the key and the
list of Poppius’ Indo-Australische Lygus-Arten (1914b,
respectively p. 340 and p. 396) but is not described in
detail in this paper. It is described in detail in Poppius’
H Sauter’s Fornnosa Ausbeute (1915b: 35-36) and then
generally credited to Poppius (1915b) and not to Poppius
(1914b). It is also the case for the other new species
fronn Taiwan include in both works, for exannple Lygus
eous, as pointed out by Poppius hinnself (1914b: 337) in
his introduction of the Lygus-Arten paper.
166-167: Papua New Guinea: Morobe: “Mus. Zool.
Hels. Loan n° HE 96-42” / “Tinginotopsis cameius
Popp. Det. J.C.M. Carvalho” / “Mus. Zool. ZMHF. Loan
n° HE 2964” / “Mus. Zool. H:fors. Spec. typ. n° 10166
Tinginotopsis cameius Popp.” (partially nnanuscript label)
/ “Tinginotopsis cameius sp. nov.” (nnanuscript label) /
“lectotype” / “Sattelberg, Huon Golf” / “N. Guinea. Biro
1899” (FCn°946a).
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
1(5' & 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 07.vi.l996, 0. Missa leg., host
plant unknown, fogging (FC n° 3899-3900); Northern
Province: 1? BMNH: Kokoda. 200 feet. IX.1933, L. E.
Cheesman, B. M. 1934-321 (FC n° 1356).
References: Tinginotopsis cameius Poppius,
1915a: 59, as new species; Schuh 1995: 963,
catalogue; Eyies 2000: 115, 116-117, redescription,
FG, eggs; Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: Tinginotopsis cameius Poppius,
1915 was described on a series of specimens of
both sexes from Sattelberg, Huon Gulf, Morobe
Province and from Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province,
Papua New Guinea. Carvalho (1987a: 167) cites
numerous specimens from Indonesia, Papua
Barat (Baliem Valley; Kebar Valley; Star Mountains;
Warris) and from Papua New Guinea (Kassam, 48
km E. of Kainantu, Eastern Highlands; Kokoda,
Northern Province; Lae beach, Morobe Province;
Wau, Morobe Province).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, T. cameius was recorded
one time, by fogging, on an unknown host plant.
Tinginotum Kirkaldy, 1902a
References: Tinginotum Kirkaldy, 1902a: 263,
as new genus; Carvalho, 1959: 267, catalogue;
Odhiambo, 1960: 466-467, redescription;
Carvalho, 1987a: 169-170, redescription; Schuh,
1995: 963-965, catalogue; Yasunaga, 1999: 39,
redescription; Eyies, 2000: 112, diagnosis; Zheng
et al. 2005: 584-585, 687, 720, redescription, in
fauna; Schuh, 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Tinginotum javanum Kirkaldy,
1902a, by monotypy.
Redescription: Adequate diagnoses of
Tinginotum were provided by Odhiambo (1960),
Carvalho (1987a), Yasunaga (1999) and Eyies
(2000) and are not repeated here.
Tinginotum knowiesi (Kirkaldy, 1908a) (Plate 18
fig. 2)
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, 26.iii.1993, 0. Missa leg., on Pometia
pinata (Sapindaceae), light (FC n° 3902); 1(5' & 3$
ISNB: idem, 19.V.1993, 0. Missa leg., on Pometia pinata
112
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(plates 7-18)
(Sapindaceae), light (FC n° 3905, 3907-3909); 16'
ISNB: idem, 09. vi. 1993, 0. Missa leg., on Pometia pinata
(Sapindaceae), light (FC n° 3901); 1(6 ISNB: idem,
14.vi.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton ceramicus
(Meliaceae), fogging (FC n° 3911); 3(6 & 1$ ISNB:
idem, 03.viii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Artrocarpus incisus
(Moraceae), fogging (FC n° 3827-3830); 1(6 ISNB: idem,
24.iv.1996, 0. Missa leg., on Chisocheton ceramicus
(Meliaceae), light trap (FC n° 3906); 1(6 ISNB: idem,
24.iv.1996, 0. Missa leg., host unknown, light trap (FC
n° 3904); 1$ ISNB: idem, ?.iv.l996, 0. Missa leg.,
host unknown, fogging (FC n° 3910); 1(6 ISNB: idem,
01.vii.l996, 0. Missa leg., Buchanania heterophyiia
(Anacardiaceae) or Vitex cofassus (Verbenaceae) or
Hernandia ovigera (Flernandiaceae), light (FC n° 3903).
References: Neosodaphne knowlesi Kirkaldy,
1908a: 381, as newspecies; Carvalho &Wallerstein
1976: 688-689, redescription, MG; Tinginotunn
knowlesi: Carvalho 1987a: 174-175, redescription,
synonynny, MG; Schuh 1995: 964, catalogue; Eyies
2000: 115-116, citation; Schuh 2002-2013, online
catalogue.
Discussion: Tinginotum knowlesi (Kirkaldy,
1908) was described at least on the nnale holotype
fronn Lautoka, Viti Levu Island, Fiji Islands. This
type specinnen was subsequently redescribed
by Carvalho & Wallerstein (1976). Kirkaldy’s text
seenns indicate that the author has seen nnore than
one specinnen (it nnentions variability in nunnber
of tufts of setae on scutellunn and two different
host plants). However, Kirkaldy does not explicitly
include additional specinnens in his type-series.
Carvalho (1987a: 174) cites nunnerous specinnens
fronn Indonesia, Papua Barat (Wewak, Biak Island;
Genjan, 40 knn W. of Hollandia, presently Jayapura;
Ifar, Cyclops Mountains; Kebar Valley; Wisseinneren,
presently Paniai Lakes) and fronn Papua New Guinea
(Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province; Betege, 20 knn
E. of Koroba, Southern Highlands; Deradere, near
Javarere, Central Province; Finschafen, Morobe
Province; Fly River, Kiunga, Western Province;
Koitaki; Kokoda, Northern Province; Mt Kaindi,
Morobe Province; Nunnbu, Upper Chinnbu Valley,
Chinnbu or Sinnbu; Sattelberg, Huon Gulf, Morobe
Province; Mainnalwau, Vunakanau, East New
Britain; Schleitniz Mountains, New Ireland Island,
New Ireland Province; Woodlark Island, Milne Bay
Province), including types of Junior synonynns. The
species occurs also widely in Pacific Islands such
Guann (United States of Annerica), Caroline Islands
(Federal State of Micronesia), Cook Island, Niue
Island, Sannoa, Society Island (French Polynesia)
and Tahiti (French Polynesia) (Carvalho 1956; Eyies
2000; Schuh 1995).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, 15 specinnens of
Tinginotum knowlesi (Kirkaldy, 1908) were recorded
in 9 independent collection events, by fogging and
by light trap, from Artrocarpus incisus, Chisocheton
ceramicus, Pometia pinnata and several unknown
host plants. In the literature, T. knowlesi was also
cited as recorded from Artrocarpus altilis (Eyies
2000: 115), from A. incisus (both Moraceae)
(Kirkaldy 1908a: 381; Carvalho & Wallerstein
1976: 688) and from tobacco leaves (Solenaceae)
(Kirkaldy 1908a: 381; Carvalho & Wallerstein
1976: 688).
Warrisia Carvalho, 1986a
References: Warrisia Carvalho, 1986a: 493-
94, as new genus; Schuh, 1995: 975, catalogue;
Yasunaga et al. 2002: 18-19; Schuh, 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Type species: Lygus huonensis Poppius, 1914b,
original designation.
= Gotocapsus Yasunaga, Nakatani, 1998: 29-
30, as new genus.
Type species: Gotocapsus deraeocoroides
Yasunaga, Nakatani, 1998 (the generic synonymy
by Yasunaga etal. 2002: 18).
Warrisia huonensis (Poppius, 1914b) (Figs 162-
163, plate 18 fig. 3)
= Lygus tonkinensis Poppius, 1914b: 355, as
new species; Schuh 1995: 827, as incertae sedis]
Yasunaga et al. 2002: 19-20, synonymy.
Holotype (6 MZHF: Vietnam: “Tonkin, Montes Mauson
(= mIu So’n Mont), Avril Mai, 2-3000’, Fruhstorfer” /
“Lygus tonkinensis” sp. nov. (manuscript) / “Mus. Zool.
H:fors. Spec. typ. n° 10258 Lygus tonkinensis Popp.” /
“Holotype Lygus tonkinensis, labelled M. D. Schwartz,
1996”.
Additional material: Indonesia: Papua Barat: 1$
MNRJ: Warris, S. of Hollandia, 450-500 m., l-7.viii.1959,
T. C. Maa, Sweeping (FC n° 1461). Papua New Guinea:
Madang: 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 16.iii.l993, 0. Missa leg.,
on Dracontomeium dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap (FC
n° 3866); Morobe: 1(6 USNM: Mt Kaindi, 2200-2350
m., 25-26. iii. 1965, J. Sedlacek, Malaise Trap (compared
with the type of W. huonensis by Carvalho, 1987b) (FC
n° 1083); 1$ MNRJ: Kepilam, 2400 m., 20-22.vi.l963,
J. Sedlacek, Light trap (FC n° 1460); New Ireland:
1$ MNRJ: Kandan, l.i.l960, W. W. Brandt Collector
(compared with the type of W. huonensis by Carvalho)
(FCn° 1459).
References: Lygus huonensis Poppius, 1914b:
356, as new species; Warrisia huonensis: Carvalho
1986a: 493-495, new combination, redescription;
Schuh 1995: 971, catalogue; Yasunaga et al. 2002:
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
19-21, 22, MG, nneasurennents; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue.
Addition to the original description: The
fennale genitalia of this species, still unknown, are
described hereafter for the first tinne.
Fennale genitalia: Senninal depository unknown.
Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 162, Ap) large, totally
separated; anterior nnargin slightly convex, outer
nnargin convex, posterior nnargin ainnost straight,
inner nnargins very short, acute. Dorso-labiate
Figures 155-161. Waucoris keyensis (Poppius, 1915a). 155 - Head, lateral view (FC n° 4926); 156 - Mese-
pinneron and nnetepisternunn (FC n° 4926); 157 - Pronotal surface (FC n° 4926); 158 - Pretarsus and claw
(FC n°3865B); 159 - Hind leg (FC n°4919); 160 - Scutellunn, clavii and anterior parts of coria, dorsal view (FC
n°4921); 161 - Coriunn and nnennbrane, dorsal view (FC n° 4919) [scale bar 0.1 nnnn, except figs 159 and
161 scale bar 1 nnnn].
114
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
plate (DIP) wide, its nnargins unsclerotized. Ventral
labiate plate unsclerotised. Posterior wall (Fig. 163)
elongate. Inter-rannal sclerites or A structures (As)
with slightly concave dorsal nnargins and strongly
convex ventral nnargins; lateral nnargins ainnost
straight. B structure (Bs) devoid of posterior plate.
Base (or dorsal structure, Ds) subdivided in “plate”
and “hat”, nnedian process wide; inter-rannal lobes
or E structures (ES) snnall, totally separated fronn
nnedian process. Lateral lobes or H structures
absent.
Discussion: Warrisia huonensis (Poppius,
1914b) was described on the nnale holotype fronn
Sattelberg, Huon Gulf, Morobe Province, Papua
New Guinea alone. The species occurs widely in
south-east Asia and New Guinea. Carvalho (1986a)
and Yasunaga et al. (2002) nnention nunnerous
specinnens fronn Indonesia [Sunnatra and Papua
Barat (Swart Valley, Karubaka; Star Mountains;
Warris)], Malaysia, Papua New Guinea [between
Agannoia and Ailuluai, Fergusson Island, Milne
Bay Province; Finisterre Range, Morobe Province;
Kandan, New Ireland Island, New Ireland Province;
Kandep, Western Highlands Province; Laiagan,
Western Highlands; Mapik, East Sepik Province;
Missinn Mountains, Morobe Province; Mt Kaindi,
Morobe Province; Mt Michael, Eastern Higlands
Province; Schleitniz Mountains, New Ireland Island,
New Ireland Province] and Vietnam.
Hosts: In the Baiteta Forest, Warrisia huonensis
(Poppius, 1914b) was recorded only once, by light
trap, on Dracontomeium dao (Anacardiaceae).
The closely related species from Japan, W.
deraeocoroides (Yasunaga et Nakatani, 1998),
was recorded from Daphiphyiium teijsmanni
(Euphorbiaceae) (Yasunaga etal. 2002).
Waucoris Carvalho, 1987b
References: Waucoris Carvalho, 1987b: 156,
as new genus; Schuh 1995: 971-972, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue; Cherot &
Malipatil 2016: 190-191.
Type species: Waucoris keyensis (Poppius,
1915a), original designation.
Redescription: Waucoris Carvalho, 1987 as
redefined by Cherot & Malipatil (2016) includes
wide Ade/phocor/s-like mirine bugs (Plate 18 figs
5-13), frequently shiny, yellow, orange or black,
with simple, recumbent, white dorsal pilosity and
classical non-Phytocor/s-like metafemora, devoid
of erect stiff black setae on anterior corners of
pronotum of females. Endophallic structures
complex, including convoluted ACH. Parieto-vaginal
rings wide with acute prolongation on postero-outer
margin, latero-inner margins very close. Ventral
labiate plate always obvious, generally narrowed
medially and with acute lateral corners. Pair of
toothed medial processes projecting into genitalic
chamber, apparently arising from a reinforced
part of lateral roof of chamber, partially hidden by
dorsal wall (shape of processes apparently species-
specific). Posterior wall devoid of H-structure.
Discussion: Carvalho’s key (1987b: 156) of
Waucoris species is difficult to use and even
misleading, mainly because he did not sufficiently
take account of the intraspecific variability,
particularly for Poppius’ species Adeiphocoris
keyensis, but also because he included too different
bugs in Waucoris, which are presently classified in
three different genera. We provide hereafter a new
key of continental Papuan species of the genus.
Key to Waucoris Carvalho, 1987 from mainland
New Guinea
1 Hemelytra with two contrasting colours: the clavii,
apices excepted, the basal part of coria and a band (or
some small patches) along cunei dark brown to black, a
wide transversal fascie on coria and apical part of clavii
orange, reddish or lutescent (Plate 18 fig. 7). Cunei dark,
red-brown or black. Sometimes, the hemelytra of females
almost totally orange, reddish or lutescent except for a
band (or some small patches) along cunei dark brown to
black (Plate 18 figs 5-6). Scutellum generally uniform,
orange, reddish, lutescent or red-brown. Pronotum
orange, reddish or lutescent frequently with, in the
middle, a wide black patch posteriorly .
. Waucoris wauensis Carvalho, 1987
- Hemelytra widely dark, brown or black, sometimes
orange-brown . 2
2 Scutellum yellow sometimes with a basal triangular
patch or a medial stripe brown or black. The contrast
between hemelytra and scutellum colours striking.
Pronotum orange with a wide, subtriangular, black or
dark brown posterior patch frequently prolongated by a
narrow stripe towards the calli (Plate 18 figs 8-9) .
. Waucoris papuanus (Poppius, 1915)
- Scutellum dark, brown or black, or orange, not or
slightly contrasting with the hemelytra . 3
3 Dorsal surface dark, reddish-brown to black, almost
unicolourous (Plate 18 fig. 10). Endophallus with a
convoluted spiculum. Right paramere tiny, with two
subapical tips . Waucoris longipes (Poppius, 1915)
- Dorsal surface of body normally with different
colours: hemelytra dark, reddish-brown to black, almost
unicolourous, scutellum identical or orange, pronotum
orange, orange with a black spot or patch, orange with
a medial black stripe or totally black, except for an
orange strip on the lateral sides (Plate 18 figs 11-13).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Endophallus connplex but devoid of convoluted spiculunn.
Right parannere large, its apex having one lobe .
. Waucoris keyensis (Poppius, 1915)
Waucoris keyensis (Poppius, 1915a) (Figs 155-
161, 164-165, plate 18 figs 11-13)
Holotype by nnonotyopy $ ZMHF: Indonesia: The
Moluccas, Kei Kecil Island, Tual: “Mus. Zool. Helsinki
Loan n° HE 05-41” / “A. keyensis Mirinae 1 Popp. Not
Adelphocoris” / “Adelphocoris keyensis Pop. Det. J.C.M.
Carvalho” / “Mus. Zool. Helsinki Loan n° HE 2975” /
“Mus. Zool. H:fors Spec. typ. No 10083 Adeiphocoris
keyensis Popp.” / “Adeiphocoris keyensis sp. nov.”
(nnanuscript label) / “Holotipo” / “Wien” / “Key Tual,
Rohde, ex. Coll. H. Fruhstorfer” .
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Eastern
New Britain (Gazelle Peninsula): 16' ZMHF: Bisnnarck
Arch, Ralunn, Matupi, 02.xi.l896, Dahi S. leg., on
Desmodium umbeiiatum Madang: 4(6, 4$, 1? ISNB:
Baiteta, 14.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on Neonauciea sp.
(Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n °s 3865a, 4917-4920, 4923-
4924, 4926, sans n°); 2(6 ISNB: Baiteta, 02.viii.l995, 0.
Missa leg., on Dysoxyium patigravianum (Melicaceae),
fogging (FC n°s 4921-4922); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 1995,
0. Missa leg., on Ceitis iatifoiia (UInnaceae), fogging (FC
n° 3865b).
References: Adelphocoris keyensis Poppius,
1915a: 32, as new species; Waucoris keyensis:
Carvalho 1987b: 157-159, new connbination,
redescription, MG; Schuh 1995: 972, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue; Cherot &
Malipatil (2016).
Addition to the original description:
Variabilityasonthe plate 18 figs 11-13. Morphology
as on Figs 155-161. The fennale genitalia of this
species, still unknown, are described hereafter for
the first tinne.
Fennale genitalia: Anterior sac unknown.
Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 164) wide, anterior and
latero-inner margins convex, posterior margin
slightly concave, latero-outer margin almost
straight, postero-outer corners with acute lateral
prolongation.Ventro-labiate plate wideand elongate,
narrowed medially. Lateral oviducts short and stout.
Pair of subtriangular medial process projecting into
genital chamber, apparently arisingfrom reinforced
part of lateral roof of chamber, partially hidden in
dorsal view by dorsal wall. Posterior wall (Fig. 165)
with complex B structure (Bs), elongate A and E
structures (these later difficult to see) and lateral
plates. H structures absent.
15 Desmodium umbeiiatum is a Fabaceae known
from Tropical Africa (notably Zanzibar and Kenya),
Madagascar, tropical Asia, including Malaysia and the
Philippines, New Guinea and northern Australia.
Discussion: Waucoris keyensis (Poppius, 1915a)
was described on the male holotype from Tual
alone. Additional specimens were cited by Carvalho
(1987b: 159) from Papua New Guinea (Bisianumu,
Central Province; Kapagere, near Rigo, Central
Province; Kulumadau Hill, Woodlark Island, Milne
Bay Province).
Hosts: In the Baiteta Forest, 12 specimens of
Waucoris keyensis (Poppius, 1915a) were recorded
by fogging, in three independent collection
events, on three different plants: Ceitis Iatifoiia
(Ulmaceae), Dysoxyium patigravianum (Meliaceae)
and Neonauciea sp. (Rubiaceae).
Notes: The holotype by monotypy is preserved in
ZMHF and not in Vienna’s Museum (“Mus. Vindob.”)
as asserted by Poppius (1915a: 32).
Waucoris iongipes (Poppius, 1915a) (Figs 168-
169, plate 18 fig. 10)
Holotype by monotypy (6 ZMHF: Papua New Guinea:
Morobe: “Mus. Zool. Helsinki Loan n° HE 05-35” /
“A. Iongipes ? Mirinae 1 N A close to Orientomiris” /
“Adelphocoris Iongipes Pop. Det. J.C.M. Carvalho” /
“Mus. Zool. H:fors Spec. typ. No 10081 Adelphocoris
Iongipes Popp.” / “Adelphocoris Iongipes sp. nov.”
(manuscript label) / “Mus. Zool. Helsinki Loan n° HE
2976” / “Holotipo” / “Sattelberg, Huon Golf” / “N.
Guinea, Biro” (= Biro) “1896” (FC n° 4914).
Additional material: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 08.ii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on
Dysoxyium patigravianum (Meliaceae), fogging (FC n°
3857); Central Province: 1$ MNRJ: Bisianumu, (north-)
east of Port Moresby, 08.vi.l955, Gressitt J. L. leg.,
primary forest, 500m (FC n° 4264).
References: Adelphocoris Iongipes Poppius,
1915a: 34-35, as new species; Waucoris Iongipes:
Carvalho, 1987b: 159, 161, new combination,
redescription, MG; Schuh, 1995: 972, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue; Cherot &
Malipatil (2016).
Addition to the original description: The
female genitalia of this species, still unknown, are
described hereafter for the first time.
Female genitalia: Anterior sac unknown.
Parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 168) wide, anterior
margin slightly sigmoid, latero-inner margin convex,
posterior margin slightly concave, latero-outer
margin almost straight. Ventro-labiate plate wide
and elongate, slightly narrowed medially. Pair of
short subtriangular medial processes projecting
into genitalic chamber, apparently arising from
reinforced part of lateral roof of chamber, partially
hidden in dorsal view by dorsal wall. Posterior wall
(Fig. 169) with complex B structure, pair of elongate
116
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
A and E structures and pair of lateral plates. H specinnens were cited by Carvalho (1987b: 161)
structures absent.
fronn Indonesia (Papua Barat: Karubaka, Swart
Discussion: Waucor/s /ong/pes (Poppius, 1915a) Valley) and fronn Papua New Guinea (Bisianunnu,
was described on the nnaleholotype fronn Sattelberg, Central Province; Giluwe Mts, Southern Highlands
Huon Gulf, Morobe Province alone. Additional Province; Betege, 20 knn SW of Koroba, Southern
163
DLP
Ds
165
Figures 162-169. Warrisia huonensis (Poppius, 1914b) and Waucoris species, fennale genitalia. 162-163 - War-
risia huonensis (Poppius, 1914b), left parieto-vaginal rings, dorsal view and posterior wall; 164-165 - Waucoris
keyensis (Poppius, 1915a), parieto-vaginal rings and posterior wall; 166-167 - Waucoris papuanus (Poppius,
1915a), parieto-vaginal rings and posterior wall; 168-169 - Waucoris iongipes (Poppius, 1915a), parieto-vaginal
rings, dorsal view and posterior wall [scale bar 0.1 nnnn].
117
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Highlands Province; Wau, Morobe Province).
The placennentofthis species in the genus Waucoris
rennains problennatic. “W.” longipes is sinnilar to
several Orientomiris species by its elongate, dark
habitus, by its double dorsal punctation, one
dense, very narrow, shallow, the second wider,
erased, difficult to see, by the proenninent veins of
the hennelytra, but differs fronn the Orientomiris by
the structure of the endophallus and by the snnaller
size. We were not able to find a genus to correctly
acconnnnodate “W.” iongipes. Since we analyse
only few specinnens of W. iongipes, because
nunnerous genera of the Adeiphocoris-Creontiades-
Megacoeium connplex should be carefully redefined
and because a lot of new genera of the connplex
must still be described particularly from Australia,
we prefer to temporarily keep “W.” iongipes in the
genus Waucoris.
Hosts: In the Baiteta Forest, Waucoris iongipes
(Poppius, 1915a) was recorded only one time, by
fogging, on Dysoxyium patigravianum (Meliaceae).
Notes: The holotype by monotypy is preserved in
ZMHF (Carvalho 1987b: 161 and first author’s
personal observation) not in HNHM as asserted by
Poppius (1915a: 35). The spelling of the species
group name as “iongipedes” (Carvalho 1987b:
156) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.
Waucoris papuanus (Poppius, 1915a) (Figs 166-
167, plate 18 figs 8-9)
Holotype by nnonotypy $ ZMHF: Papua New Guinea:
Madang: “Mus. Zool. Helsinki Loan n° HE2977” /
“Adelphocoris papuanus Pop. Det. J.C.M. Carvalho” /
“Mus. Zool. H:fors Spec. typ. No 10080 Adelphocoris
papuanus Popp.” / ‘Adelphocoris papuanus sp. nov.”
(nnanuscript label) / “Holotipo” / “Erinna, Astrolabe
B(ay)” / N. Guinea, Biro (18)96”.
Additional nnaterial: Papua New Guinea: Madang:
1(5' ISNB: Baiteta, 16.iii.l993, 0. Missa leg., on
Dracontomelum dao (Anacardiaceae), light trap FC n°
4927); 1$ ISNB: Baiteta, 02.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg., on
Dysoxyium patigravianum (Meliaceae), fogging (FC n°
4926); 5(5', 2$, 1? ISNB: Baiteta, 14.vii.l995, 0. Missa
leg., on Neonauclea sp. (Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n°s
3858-3864, 4925).
References: Adeiphocoris papuanus Poppius,
1915a: 33, as new species; Waucoris papuanus:
Carvalho 1987b: 160, 161, new combination,
redescription, MG; Schuh 1995: 972, catalogue;
Schuh 2002-2013, online catalogue; Cherot &
Malipatil 2016.
Addition to the original description: The
female genitalia of this species, still unknown, are
described hereafter for the first time.
Female genitalia: Anterior sac unkown. Parieto-
vaginal rings (Fig. 166) wide, anterior margin slightly
sigmoid, latero-inner margin convex, posterior
margin and latero-outer margin almost straight,
postero-outer corners with acute and elongate
lateral prolongation. Ventro-labiate plate wide and
elongate, obviously narrowed medially. Pair of
elongate and pointed medial processes projecting
into genitalic chamber, apparently arising from
reinforced part of lateral roof of chamber, partially
hidden in dorsal view by dorsal wall. Posterior wall
(Fig. 167) with reduced B structure, pair of elongate
A and E structures and pair of lateral plates. H
structures absent.
Discussion: Waucoris papuanus (Poppius,
1915a) was described on the female holotype
from Erima, Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province alone.
Additional specimens were cited by Carvalho
(1987b: 161) from Papua New Guinea (Gabuni
village, Finisterre Range, Morobe Province; Goilala,
Central Province; Kapagere, near Rigo, Central
Province; Mamai, Central Province; Wakaiuna,
Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province).
Hosts: In the Baiteta Forest, 10 specimens
of Waucoris papuanus (Poppius, 1915a) were
recorded by fogging and light trap, in three
independent collection events, on three different
plants: Dracontomeium dao (Anacardiaceae),
Dysoxyium patigravianum (Meliaceae) and
Neonauciea sp. (Rubiaceae).
Note: The holotype by monotypy is preserved in
ZMHF, notin HNHM as asserted by Poppius (1915a:
34).
Waucoris wauensis Carvalho, 1987b (Plate 18 figs
5-7)
Paratypes MNRJ: Papua New Guinea: Northern
Province: 1$: Eliptannin valley, 19.vi.l959, Brandt
W. W. leg. (FC n°s 4265-4266); 1$: Eliptannin valley,
16.viii.l959, Brandt W. W. leg. (FC n° 4260).
Additional nnaterial 1(5' & 2$ ISNB: Papua New
Guinea: Madang: Baiteta, 14.vii.l995, 0. Missa leg.,
on Neonauclea sp. (Rubiaceae), fogging (FC n°s 3854-
3856).
References: Waucoris wauensis: Carvalho
1987b: 163-164, as new species: description, MG;
Schuh 1995: 972, catalogue; Schuh 2002-2013,
online catalogue; Cherot & Malipatil 2016.
Discussion: Waucoris wauensis Carvalho,
1987b was described on the male holotype from
Wau, Morobe Province and 14 paratypes of both
sexes from different places in Papua New Guinea
(Eliptamin Valley, Northern Province; Foramin
(an unidentified place); Matoko village, Finisterre
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Range, Morobe Province; Madang, Madang
Province; Wanunna, Adalbert Mts, Madang Province;
Tifainnin, Western Province; Kunard Creek, Wau,
Morobe Province).
Hosts: In Baiteta Forest, 3 specinnens of Waucoris
wauensis Carvalho, 1987 were recorded by
fogging, in one collection event, on Neonauclea
sp. (Rubiaceae). As our fennales were teneral, their
genitalia rennain unknown.
Stenodemini Douglas, Scott, 1865
Lasiomiris Reuter, 1891
References: Lasiomiris Reuter, 1891: 130, as
new genus; Carvalho & Afonso, 1977: 816-814,
redescription; Zheng, 1986: 88, redescription;
Schwartz, 1987: 228-233, redescription in PhD;
Schuh, 1995: 1009-1010, catalogue; Schwartz,
2008: 1186, 1188-1189, redescription; Schuh,
2002-2013, online catalogue.
Type species: Lasiomiris iineaticoiiis Reuter,
1891, by monotypy, a junior synonym of L
aibopiiosus (Lethierry, 1888).
Lasiomiris neoguineanus Carvalho, Afonso, 1977
(Plate 18 fig. 4)
Additional nnaterial 4(5' & 3$ ISNB: Papua New
Guinea: Eastern Highlands: Bisnnarck Range, Iwann
Pass, 12.V.1988, host unknown, leg. J. Van Stalle (FC
n°s 4065-4072).
References: Lasiomiris neoguineanus Carvalho,
Afonso, 1977: 816-817, as new species; Schwartz,
1987: 233, citation; Schuh, 1995: 1009, catalogue;
Schwartz, 2008: 1189, citation, as “Palaearctic
species”; Schuh, 2002-2013, online catalogue.
Discussion: The male genitalia perfectly agree
with Carvalho & Afonso’s descriptions and drawings
(1977: p. 817, figs 24-26).
Note: This species was not recorded from Baiteta
Forest.
Discussion
The analysed samples from Baiteta Forest
included a total of 50 species of Bryocorinae,
Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae. The species
richness of this one square kilometer coastal forest
represents then approximately 20% of the 247
species presently known from Papua New Guinea
(cf. list in table 3). Seven species, i.e. 14% of the
Forest’s species richness, are described as new
in the present work. Nine species, i.e. 18% of the
Forest’s species richness, were known before
ISNB’s expeditions Just by their name-bearing
type. Twelve species, 24% of the Forest’s species
richness, are new for Papua New Guinea.
Interestingly, all or almost all Papuan species
of several genera, such as Imogen or Waucoris,
were found in Baiteta even though some other
endemic genera of New Guinea (including Papua
Barat) seem totally absent. For example, we did
not find any Cheesmanieiia (4 described species),
laiibua (8 described species), Moroca (16 described
species), Peitidopepius (2 described species) or
Ragweieiius (11 described species) species in the
Baiteta samples.
The majority of the collected species (at least
38/50 i.e. 76%) could be considered endemic to
the Papuan zoogeographical subregion (Papua
New Guinea, Papua Barat, related islands), absent
of Australia or Oriental Region. Because our present
knowledge of the Miridae fauna remains limited,
these results must nevertheless be analysed with
caution.
We provide, mostly for the first time, data about
hypothetised host-plants of numerous species
(Table 2). The data obtained by light trap (Table 2
part 2) are difficult to interpret. The flight capacity
and inclination to flight toward light by individual
species is largely unknown, particularly in the
tropics, and totally unknown for the Baiteta Forest
species. In general, the efficiency of the light trap as
the inclination to flight could be species-, sex- and
height-dependent (cf. Wheeler 2001: 45). The data
obtained by fogging (Table 2 part 1) seem more
informative. On the one hand, the majority of species
(44/50 i.e. 88%) and the majority of specimens
(251/251+155+3 i.e. 61%) were collected, at least
partially, by fogging. On the other hand, the origin
of the species collected by fogging is very likely
the plant (or the plants) submitted to fogging and,
we can deduce it is a host for the bug, particularly
when numerous specimens of the same species
were collected on the same plant during different
collection events. Thus, Chisocheton ceramicus is
presumed to be a host-plant for Carpinterocoris
braiiovskyi gen. nov., sp. nov. Fifteen specimens
of the eccritotarsine were collected by fogging on
the Chisocheton during three different collection
events (and Just two specimens on Ce/t/s iatifoiia
and two on an unknown plant). Even when only
one collection event is available, if the number of
collected specimens is high, we could consider
having relevant indications about host. For example,
the presence of 25 Argenis incisuratus in a sample
from Dysoxyium patigravianum is probably not
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
accidental. Unfortunately, the other cases rennain
more difficult to interpret. In our “Taxonomy”
section and in our table 2 we mention all plants
as host-plants, even if the feeding and oviposition
habits of the studied mirid lack confirmation by
direct observation.
The mean number of identified host-plants
by Miridae species collected by fogging in Baiteta
Forest is slightly greater than 2. Some species of
Miridae have up to 7 hypothetised hosts {Guisardus
strigicollis). This figure could seem high, however
several of those species are probably generalist
predators and some other could be unspecialised
zoophytophagous plant bugs. Generalist predator
feeding habits could also explain similar results
with light traps, particularly in Fulvius species.
Some plant species are apparently particularly
attractive for mirids: Neonauclea sp. harbours 25%
of the species collected by fogging, Chisocheton
ceramicus harbours 18% and Dysoxylum
patigravianum harbours 16%.
Some mirid species were collected only by
fogging (such Carpi nterocoris brailovskyi gen.
nov., sp. nov. or Garainamiris antennatus), and
others only by light trap (such Fulvius constant!, F
subnitens or Prolygus ehannoi sp. nov.).
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to U. Dall’Asta
(MRAC), P. Grootaert and M.J. Constant (ISNB), T.
Henry (USNM), L. Hulden (MZHF), R. Linnavuori
(CLUSNM), G. Medjdalani and M.L Costa (MNRJ), D.
Pluot-Sigwalt and E. Guilbert (MNHN), D. Polhemus
(BPBM), D. Redei (HNHM), R.T. Schuh (AMNH), M.
Webb and L. Triana (BMNH), T. Yasunaga (HUES),
and H. Zettel (NHMW) for the loan of several
specimens, including types.
N. Van Mol - Cardon (ULB) nicely helped in the
realisation of several figures. M. J. Constant (ISNB)
has taken the picture fig. 3, plate 14. D. Pluot-
Sigwalt (MNHN), D. Polhemus, the late J. Polhemus
(Englewood, Colorado, U.S.A.) and D. Redei kindly
provided additional information.
Finally, constructive remarks of the referee
improve the manuscript and Dmitry Telnov (The
Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga) did do a
great editorial work.
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17 The volume 37 of Acta Socletatls Sclentlarum
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124
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Received: 23.04.2016.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Appendix:
Table 1. Sannpling localities of specinnens cited as exannined in the work, with their geographical coordinates.
128
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
References to the Table 1 of the Appendix:!: Gentili (1980: 391); 2: Google Earth; 3: Kohout(2007: 233);
4: Kraus & Allisson (2006: 204); 4bis: Lucky & Sarnat (2008: 38, table 1); 4ter: Melder (1999: 10, table 1); 5: So
(2000: 430); 6: Tan et al. (2005: 232); 7: Van Doesburg (2004: Appendix, pp. 108-110); 8: Zinnnnernnan (1967: 192)
[all papers available online]; 9: according to httD://www.keskeces.conn/villes/DaDouasie/new-ireland/kandan.htnn :
10: according to httD://ww2.bgbnn.org/herbariunn/Access.cfnn?Col=4&lsoCode=all& Fann=MARATTIACEAE&SubCol
l=Farnherbar&Genus= all&FullNanneCache=all: 11: according to Pesenko & Pauly (2005: 154) and Pauly in htto://
www.atlashvnnenoDtera.net/Dage.asD?id=94: 12: personal infornnation fronn T. Yasunaga. 13: personal infornnation
fronn D. Polhennus. 14. Setliff (2007: 289-296) provides several nnapsand lists including sonne nnountains, nnountains
ranges and localities fronn Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea, with several old nannes (unfortunately, lacking of
accurate coordinates).
Rennarks: 1: values for Big Mitchell Creeck Reserve; 2: Approxinnate values, corresponding to Kebar; 3: Doubtful
coordinates. The labels bear “Nete (probably an abbreviation for Netherlands), Vogelkop, Boden (or Bodenn), llknn
south-east of Oberfaren (or Oerberfaren or Orberfaeren)”. Identification of this place is uneasy. The coordinates
for Bodenn (01°58’S, 138°54’E) according to Gentili (1980: 391), confirmed by Van Doesburg (2004: 108), do
not correspond to the Vogelkop Peninsula (130°36’S - sic! -, 134°14’E according to Van Doesburg, op. cit.: 110;
indicated by Setliff, op. cit. on his third map, p. 294, number 14) but to the northern coast of mainland Papua Barat
(= Irian Jaya) and the coordinates given by Van Doesburg (2004: 109) for Oerberfaren (02°16’S, 138°50’) do
not put this last place to eleven kilometres of (his) Bodem. According to D. Polhemus (in litt.), Oberfaren could be
somewhere in the hills south of Lake Sentani (about 02°36’S, 140°33’E) that extend to the eastern flanks of the
Mamberamo Basin, near Jayapura; 4: Approximate values for Malabar volcano near Malabar town; 5: Approximate
values: Tual is a town of Tual Islands used as reference, because the label only give the following information, difficult
to interpret: “Key Tual”. Maybe “Key” corresponds to cities of “Kai Ketjil” or “Kai Dulah”, each in different parts of the
island; 6: Approximate values: the label provided only the island name; 7: Approximate values: Bingerville is relatively
large city; 8: Approximate value for Hatenashi-sammyakuhe. The Hatenashi mountains range consisting of Wada
forest (1049m), Mt. Ando (1183.7m), Mt. Kuroo (1235m), Mt. Hiyamizu (1269.9m) and Mt. Ishijiriki (1139.5m); 9:
Approximate values for Aomori city; 10: Specimens collected by Lamberto Loria (1855-1913), an Italian ethnologist
and explorer, at Moroka are very frequently cited, however the place is surprisingly difficult to identify. Zimmerman
(1967: 192), undecided, wrote “There is a note on a “cotype” [of Imathia brevis, a Curculionidae] examined that
states that Moroka is in SE New Guinea, and S. Dillon Ripley has told me that it is possible that this is a locality
on a trail that extends from Port Moresby to the north coast of Papua”. Both So (2000: 430) and Tan et al. (2005:
232) included Moroka in the “Moresby Province”, but they gave no reference or coordinates. Fortunately, Kraus &
Allisson (2006: 204) are more accurate, but their coordinates could differ from Loria’s collecting place, the altitude
given on the labels of insects collected by Loria is 1300m, but the altitude corresponding to Kraus & Allisson’s
coordinates is only 300 m. According to D. Polhemus (in litt.), “Moroka lies at 09°25’S, 147°41’E. Loria collected
here for the Genoa Museum from July to September 1893”. The altitude of this area ranges between 300 and
400m. Consequently, the altitude cited on the label could be wrong; 11: Approximate values: values of Tapini; llbis:
approximate values for Aitape (= Berlinhafen), not for Lemien Forest; 12: Approximate values corresponding to the
sea passage; 13: Approximate values, Alotau being a city; 14: The coordinates for Wau according to Van Doesburg
(2004: 110). Amazingly, by default, Google Earth gives another (smaller) Wau; 15: Approximate values, Los Banos
being a relatively large city. 16: unidentified place. 17: Tanzania, shore of Lake Malawi, for additional information cf.
text, footnote number 9. 18: approximate values, Bangkok being a large city. 19: Approximate value.
'V
129
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Table 2 part 1. Nunnber of specinnens of Miridae species collected by fogging on each plant in Baiteta Forest
with statistics.
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
CD
DO
cn
?
S
o
CD
CD
CD
CD
O
CD
CD
CD
:d
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cd'
O
CD
CD
CD
CD
C7
CD
O
CD
CD
CD
cn
CD
■g
d.
CD
o
CD
CD
CD
d
cd'
o
CD
CD
CD
cn
CD
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d.
CD
o
CD
CD
CD
o
o
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15.
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CD
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cn
■D
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cn
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CD
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S'
cn
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:3
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9
cn
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CD
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cn
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cn
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CD
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:3
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:3
Q.
CD'
D
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Q.
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CD
CD
C
S'
:3
c
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cn
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CD
:3
CD
CD
cn
%
CD
::5
CD'
:3
cn
S'
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■
C
cn
■D
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CD
CD =:
cn
CD
■o
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Sr
CD
:3
CD
■
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3“
CD
Q.
CD
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■O
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CD
:3
cn
S
cn
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■o
cn
S
CD
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CD
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C
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CD
C7
CD
CD
CD
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C7
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era
qa
oa
C7
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d 5
S a
cn o
■D
CD
g
CD
cn
CD
d
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CD
CD
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-g_
CD
cn
Adelphocohsella
brunnescens
Apolygus sp.
Araspus gressitti
Argenis incisuratus
Aristopeplus
imperialis
Baitetacoris turschi
Bakeriola sp.
Bertsa lankana
Bironiella
metallescens
Bironiella
ruberonotata
Bothriomiris sp
Bromaeliaemiris
morobensis
Bryocorellisca pilosa
Carpinterocoris
brailovsky
Cylapofulvius
punctatus
Diognetus intons us
Eurystylus costalis
Eurystylus sp. 2 near
minutus
Fingulus
novobritanicus
Fingulus sp.
Fulvius constant!
Fulvius nigricornis
Fulvius pallid us
Fulvius stysi
Fulvius subnitens
Fulvius variegatus
Garainamiris
antennatus
Guisardinus
papuensis
Guisardus strigicolHs
Harpedona gressitti
Hyalopeplinus
papuensis
Hyalopeploides
cyanescens
Hyalopeplus simiHs
Imogen bicolor
Imogen fasciatus
Imogen papuensis
0 0 0 0 0
0
0
2 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
0
7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 000000000
0 000000000000
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0000000000
0
3 25 0 0 0
0
0 0 00 0000
0 0 000 0 0000000000
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0000000000
0 000000000
0 00000000000
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0000000000
1 0 0 0 0 0
0
00 0 0000000000
0 15 0 0 000 0 0000000000
0 00000000000
0 00000000000
0
0
0 0 00 0000
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0000000000
0 000000000
0
0000000000
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 000 0 0000000000
0 0
0 000 0 0000000000
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0000000000
0
7
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 00000000000000
0
0
0
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000000000
0
0
00 0 000 0 000000000000
0 000000000000
0 0 0 00 0000 00
0
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000000000
0
0
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000000000
0 0 00 0000 00
0
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000000000
0
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000000000
1 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000000000
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000000000
0
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000100000
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000000000
8
0
10 0000 0 0
0 00000000000
0
0 0 00 0000 00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
000 0 000000000000
100 0 000000000000
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 000000000000
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0000000000
0
14 82
17
50
38 69
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00 00 00 6 34 53
0
0
7 100
1 100
1 20
2 100
1 100
1 100
0
3 100
19 100
0
1 100
0 6 67
1 100
0
2 100
0
1 100
0
3 100
11
0
12 100
1 100
54
1 100
0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0 11 0000000000 11 100
1 100
5 63
1 100
0
1 100
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
130
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Table 2 part 1 (continued)
C
3
C7
CD
O
era
oa
cn
■D
CD
o
CD'
cn
Miridae specimens
collected by fogging
found on each plant
191
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Table 2 part 2. Nunnber of specinnens of Miridae species collected by light trap on each plant in Baiteta Forest
with statistics.
Adelphocohsella brun-
nescens
Apolygus sp.
Araspus gressitti
Argent's incisuratus
Aristopeplus imperialis
Baitetacoris turschi
Bakeriola sp.
Bertsa fankana
Bironiella metaHescens
Bironiella ruberonotata
Bothriomiris sp.
Bromaeliaemiris moro-
bensis
Bryocorellisca pilosa
Carpi nterocoris brailovsky
Cylapofulvius punctatus
Diognetus intonsus
Eurystylus costalis
Eurystylus sp. 2 near
minutus
Fingulus novobritanicus
Fingulus sp.
Fulvius constanti
Fulvius nigricornis
Fulvius pa 1 1 id us
Fulvius stysi
Fulvius subnitens
Fulvius variegatus
Garainamiris antennatus
Guisardinus papuensis
Guisardus strigicollis
Harpedona gressitti
Hyalopeplinus papuensis
Hyalopeploides cyanescens
Hyalopeplus similis
Imogen bicolor
Imogen fasciatus
Imogen papuensis
'Tygus" incertae sedis
Missacoris sigwaltae
Nabireocoris minutus
Palaucoris novaguineae
Peritropis graziae
Peritropis sulawesica
Prodromus oculatus
Prolygus ehannoi.
Proiygus erimensis
Prolygus cf. femoralis
Proiygus polhemusorum
Sabactiopus zhengi
Tinginotopsis cameius
Tinginotum knoiwesi
Vanniusoides brevis
Warrisia huonensis
Waucoris keyensis
Waucoris longipes
Waucoris papuanus
Waucoris wauensis _
Total number of Miridae
specimens by plant _
Percent by catching meth-
odology _
Percent for all methodolo-
gies _
Total number of Miridae
species by plant _
Percent by catching meth-
odology _
132
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Table 2 part 3. Nunnber of specinnens of Miridae species collected by sweeping or by an unknown nnethodology
on each plant in Baiteta Forest with statistics.
CO
O
:3
<x>
Table 2 part 3 (continued). Nunnber of specinnens
of Miridae species collected by sweeping or by an
unknown nnethodology on each plant in Baiteta
Forest with statistics.
133
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Table 3. List of Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae fronn Papua New Guinea.
Legends: * - species cited fronn Papua New Guinea for the first tinne; bold - species present in Baiteta Forest
sannples; all taxa are arranged alphabetically.
Abbreviations of authors: C. - Carvalho; S. & Ca. - Stonedahl & Cassis; Sch. in Ch. - Schwartz, Cherot et
Malipatil in Cherot, Malipatil et Schwartz; ** - sensu Carvalho & Lorenzato 1978.
134
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Bryocorinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Eccritotarsini
Felisacini
Felisacini
Felisacini
Felisacini
Felisacini
Felisacini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Monaloniini
Bothrionnirini
Cylapini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Fulviini
Table 3 (continued)
Thaumastomiris discoidalis Poppius, 1912e
Felisacus dauloi Woodward, 1958
Felisacus magnificus Distant, 1904c
Felisacus minutus C., 1981a
Felisacus nigrescens C., 1981a
Felisacus nlgrlcornls Poppius, 1912e
Felisacus ochraceus Usinger, 1946
Helopeltis c/a v/fer (Walker, 1873)
Mansonlella mlnuta C., 1981a
Pachypeltis annuHpes Poppius, 1912e
Pachypeltls margi nails Poppius, 1912e
Ragwelellus bismarckensis C. et Wallerstein, 1979
Ragwelellus festivus (Miller, 1955)
Ragwelellus gressitti C. et Wallerstein, 1979
Ragwelellus horvathi (Poppius, 1912e)
Ragwelellus luteonotatus C. , 1981a
Ragwelellus magnificus C. , 1981a
Ragwelellus morobensis C. , 1981a
Ragwelellus nigrus C. , 1981a
Ragwelellus similis C. , 1981
Ragwelellus szentivanyi C. et Wallerstein, 1979
Ragwelellus wauensis C., 1981a
Pseudodoniella pacifica China et C., 1951
Pseudodoniella typica (China et C., 1951)
Bothriomiris lugubris (Poppius, 1915b) **
Cylapomorpha pacifica C., 1956
Bironiella binotata C. et Lorenzato, 1978
Bironiella metallescens Poppius, 1909
Bironiella rubernotata C. et Lorenzato, 1978
Bironiella trinotata C. et Lorenzato, 1978
Cyiapofuivius punctatus Poppius, 1909
Fulvius bimaculatus Poppius, 1909
Fulvius carvalhoi Gorczyca, 2000
Fulvius constant! Gorczyca, 2004
Fulvius nigricornis Poppius, 1909
Fulvius paUidus Poppius, 1909
Fulvius stysi Cherot et Gorczyca, 2008
Fulvius subnitens Poppius, 1909
Fulvius variegatus Poppius, 1909
Mycetocylapus pacificus C., 1956
Perltropis annullcornis Poppius, 1909
Peritropis graziae sp. nov. *
Perltropis punctatus C. et Lorenzato, 1978
Peritropis sulawesica Gorczyca, 2006 *
Perltropisca bituberculata C. et Lorenzato, 1978
Teratofulvioides punctatus C. et Lorenzato, 1978
I
135
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Cylapinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
Deraeocorinae
136
Fulviini
Vaniini
Vaniini
Vaniini
Vaniini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini
Saturnionnirini
Saturnionnirini
Saturnionnirini
Saturnionnirini
Saturnionnirini
Table 3 (continued)
Umboiella antennata C., 1981c
Palaucoris biroi C., 1984c
Palaucoris clypeatus C., 1984c
Palaucoris novaguineae (Ghauri, 1975)
Vanniusoides brevis (Poppius, 1909)
Araspus bifasciatus C., 1984a
Araspus fronsipallidus C., 1984a
Araspus gressitti C., 1984a
Araspus maai C., 1984 a
Araspus nigrus C. , 1984a
Araspus notomaculatus C., 1984a
Araspus parcepunctatus Poppius, 1912b
Araspus partilus (Walker, 1873b)
Araspus scutellaris Poppius, 1912b
Araspus trapezinotus C. , 1984a
Araspus wauensis C., 1984a
Baitatacoris turschi gen. nov., sp. nov. *
Deraeocoris biroi Poppius, 1915a
Deraeocoris cribratoides C., 1957
Deraeocoris finisterrensis C., 1985
Deraeocoris gagnei C., 1985
Deraeocoris gorokensis C., 1985
Deraeocoris gressitti C., 1985
Deraeocoris kaitakiensis C., 1985
Deraeocoris membranaiis C., 1985
Deraeocoris morobensis C., 1985
Deraeocoris wauensis C., 1985
Finguius angusticuneatus S. et Ca., 1991
Finguius gressitti S. et Ca., 1991
Finguius novobritanicus S. et Ca., 1991
Gressitticoris sediaceki (C., 1985)
Karimuicoris pronotaiis (C., 1985)
Karubacoris transiucidus C., 1985
Missacoris sigwaltae gen. nov., sp. nov .*
Morobemiris giiuwensis C. , 1985
Papuacoris coiocasiae (Poppius, 1915a)
Papuacoris ottoensis C., 1985
Papuacoris paiiidiceps (Poppius, 1915a)
Papuacoris papuanus (Poppius, 1915a)
Papuacoris vittatus (Reuter, 1908)
Rotundomiris punctatus C., 1981b
Cheesmanieiia ciavonigra C., 1984
Cheesmanieiia fasciata C., 1984
Cheesmanieiia nigra C., 1984
Cheesmanieiia notomacuiata C., 1984
Garainamiris antennatus C., 1981b
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
(plates 7-18)
Table 3 (continued)
137
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Mirinae
Table 3 (continued)
138
139
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
140
Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A.: Taxonomic and faunistic notes on scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) of Bali, Flores and ...
Taxonomic and faunistic notes on scaie insects
(Homoptera: Coccinea) of Baii, Flores
and New Guinea (Indonesia)
Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, 199034, St.
Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: coccids@gmail.com
Abstract: Two new species of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from the mountains of Bali Island, Pedrococcus
glandulitubulatus sp. nov. and Tectopulvinaria latidigitata sp. nov., are described and illustrated. In addition, 18
species new to the local faunas of Bali, Flores and New Guinea are recorded.
Key words: Margarodidae, Ortheziidae, Pseudococcidae, Coccidae, Kerriidae, taxonomy, morphology, Flores, Bali,
New Guinea.
Introduction
The vast territory of Indonesia with its more
than 17000 large and small islands has been
studied rather irregularly and incompletely in
respect of scale insects. Most of the material
available in the world museums was collected
from the Greater Sunda Islands of Sumatra and
Java by Dutch and English scientists; the fauna of
the two other largest islands, Sulawesi and New
Guinea, is only fragmentarily represented in the
major scale insect collections, whilst the scale
insects of most of the numerous small Indonesian
islands have never been studied. In particular, no
one scale insect species has been recorded until
now from Flores and only 7 species have been
recorded previously from Bali (Garcia Morales etal.
2016: ScaleNet database). Taxonomically, only the
family Pseudococcidae (the mealybugs) has been
comprehensively reviewed for the region in the large
monograph by Williams (2004) on the mealybugs
of southern Asia. The series of monographs by
Williams & Watson (1988a & b; 1990) on the scale
insects of the tropical South Pacific Region was
based mainly on material collected in Melanesia,
Polynesia and the eastern part of New Guinea, but
also recorded some new and widely distributed
species from the western (Indonesian) part of New
Guinea. Recently, I published a paper describing 6
new species and 27 previously unrecorded species
from the western, Indonesian part of New Guinea
(Gavrilov-Zimin 2013).
The present paper provides the results of my
short visits to Bali and Flores in 2011-2012 and
also includes notes on several species collected
by Professor N.Yu. Kluge in the vicinity of Jayapura
(northern New Guinea) in 2012.
Materials and methods
The method of preparation of Canada balsam
slide mounts can be found in Danzig & Gavrilov-
Zimin (2014), and the higher taxa names used are
according to the system in that publication.
The collection numbers with “K” refer to
unique collection and preservation numbers for
both ethanol material and Canada balsam slides.
Most of the material discussed below was collected
by the author, collectors of other material are
specifically noted under the appropriate species
names.
All the material is deposited in the Zoological
Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN RAS)
in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Taxonomic part
Margarodidae s. I.
Drosicha townsendi Cockerell, 1905
Material: K 981, Flores, Labuan Bajo, beach by the
sea, on stenn of dicotyledonous herb, 16.XII.2012, coll.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
DA Gapon.
Connnnents: The genus Drosicha Walker, 1858
contains 24 nonninal species and is in great need of
revision. Many of these “species” were described by
early authors without connplete figures, discussion
of innportant taxononnic characters or connparison
with other species; sonne of the other “species”
are known only as nnales and therefore cannot be
connpared with species described based on adult
fennales. One of the “oldest” species, described
fronn the Oriental region (Philippines), is Drosicha
townsenc//and I did notfind any differences between
the redescription of this species by Morrison (1920)
and characters of the female collected from Flores.
Icerya samaraia (Morrison, 1927)
Steatococcus samaraius Morrison, 1927
Material: K 966, Bali, peninsula Bukit near
Padang beach, on leaves of tree, 13.XII.2012.
Comments: The species is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical regions of the world,
including different islands of Indonesia; however,
this is the first record from Bali.
Ortheziidae
Insignorthezia insignis (Browne, 1887)
Material: K 951, Bali, mountain forest above Lake
Buyan, about 1700 m altitude, on stem and leaves of
bush, 15.XI.2011.
Comments: This widely distributed, pantropical
species has not been recorded previously from Bali
or Indonesia as a whole.
Pseudococcidae
Pedrococcus glandulitubulatus sp. nov. (Fig. 1)
Holotype K 938, Bali, mountain forest above
Lake Buyan, about 1,200 m altitude, on leaf of tree,
13.XI.2011, coll. Ilya Gavrilov-Zimin.
Derivatio nominis: The species name is
constructed from two Latin words “glandula” and
“tubula”.
Description: Adult female. Body elongate oval,
about 2 mm long. Antenna 8-segmented. Legs
normally developed; hind coxa with translucent
pores; claw without a denticle; tarsal digitules
knobbed. Anal apparatus complete, with inner row
of pores, outer row of spinulae and 6 setae, length
of each seta about twice diameter of anal ring.
Both pairs of ostioles well developed, each with
trilocular pores and short flagellate setae on lips.
Circulus absent. Multilocular pores few, present
around vulva and forming transverse row in medial
zone of abdominal sternite VI. Quinquelocular
pores absent. Trilocular pores evenly scattered over
body surface; additionally, minute trilocular pores
present in cerarii around collars of conical setae.
Tubular ducts of simple type, very few, occasionally
present on several posterior abdominal sternites;
each duct about same length as diameter of a
multilocular pore. Cerarii numbering 17 pairs, each
cerarius with 2 large conical setae, except with
4 setae and with 1 seta, plus several minute
trilocular pores and several normal trilocular pores,
all on a sclerotized tubercle. Large conical setae
similar to cerarian setae present (larger setae
on a sclerotized area of derm, smaller setae on
membranous cuticle), forming transverse rows
across all segments of dorsum (Fig. 1); other dorsal
setae rather variable. Flagellate setae of various
sizes numerous on both body surfaces.
Collected female, pre-oviposition, was without any
wax secretions.
Males and morphology of larvae are unknown.
Comments: The genus Pedrococcus Mamet,
1942 was erected for four Afrotropical species;
later four additional species were described from
Mauritius (P. simplex Mamet, 1943), Madagascar
(P. madagascariensis Mamet, 1954), Solomon
Islands (P. tinahulanus Williams, 1960) and
Malaysian Borneo (P. poruli Williams, 2004).
Williams (2004) provided a new generic concept
of Pedrococcus, distinguishing it from the nearest
genus, Pedronia Green, 1922, by the presence of
minute trilocular pores in the cerarii. According to
this (and some others) character, P. simplex and
P. tinahulanus should be excluded from the genus
(Williams 2004). All the four remaining species
(three Afrotropical and one Oriental) totally lack
tubular ducts. In contrast to them, Pedrococcus
glandulitubulatus sp. nov. has tubular ducts on the
posterior abdominal sternites; also, it differs from
the Oriental P. poruli in having 17 pairs cerarii (P.
poruli has one pair) and shorter flagellate setae on
dorsum.
Chaetococcus bambusae (Maskell, 1893)
Material: K 978, Flores, Labuan Bajo, under the leaf
sheaths of bannboo, 15.XII.2012.
Comments: The species is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical regions of the world,
including the larger islands of Indonesia; this is the
first record from Flores.
142
Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A.: Taxonomic and faunistic notes on scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) of Bali, Flores and ...
Figure 1. Pedrococcus glandulitubulatus sp. nov., holotype dorsal & ventral view.
143
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Crisicoccus cambodiensis (Takahashi, 1942)
Material: K 945, Bali, nnountain forest above Lake
Buyan, about 1700 nn altitude, on leaf of bush,
14.XI.2011.
Connnnents: This species was previously only
known fronn its type locality, Cannbodia: Angkor.
The present specinnens, collected in Bali, differ
fronn the syntypes (redescribed and illustrated by
Willianns 2004: 131) in having significantly fewer
tubular ducts on the thorax and all the tubular
ducts clearly have a double collar, in contrast to
the sinnple tubular ducts figured by Willianns (l.c.);
however, the latter character could sinnply been not
discernible during the study of old slides prepared
by R. Takahashi.
Crisicoccus kimanisicus Willianns, 2004
Material: K 1299, Indonesian part of New Guinea,
vicinity of Jayapura, Sentani, without infornnation on host
plant, coll. N.Yu. Kluge.
Connnnents: The species has been noted previously
only fronn Malaysian Borneo (Sabah) (Willianns
2004). This is the first record fronn western New
Guinea and fronn Indonesia as a whole.
Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley, 1959
Material: K 971, 974, Flores, Labuan Bajo, on
inflorescence of undeternnined tree and on stenn of
dicotyledonous herb, 14 and 15.XII.2012.
Connnnents: The species is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical regions of the world,
but this is the first record fronn Flores and fronn
Indonesia as a whole.
Maconeiiicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908)
Material: K 989, Flores, Labuan Bajo, on ornannental
Hibiscus s\}., 16.XII.2012.
Connnnents: The species is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical regions of the world,
including various islands of Indonesia (Willianns
2004); this is the first record fronn Flores.
Paimicuitor iumpurensis (Takahashi, 1951)
Material: K 940, 952, Bali, terrace of agricultural
slopes above Lake Buyan, about 1200 nn altitude, under
the leaf sheaths of bannboo, 14 and 15.XI.2011.
Connnnents: The species is widely distributed
in the Oriental region and recently was recorded
by Gavrilov-Zinnin (2013) for the first tinne fronn
Indonesia (western New Guinea, vicinity of
Manokwari). This is the first record fronn Bali.
Phenacoccus soienopsis Tinsley, 1898
Material: K 964, 965, Bali, Bukit peninsula near
Padang beach, on leaves of Fabaceae tree and on
dicotyledonous herb, 12.XII.2012; K 983, 986, 988,
Flores, Labuan Bajo, on leaves and stenns of various
ornannental bushes, especially nunnerous on Hibiscus
spp., 16.XII.2012.
Connnnents: The species is widely distributed in
tropical and subtropical regions of the world. For
Indonesia, it was recently recorded by Gavrilov-
Zinnin (2013) fronn western New Guinea, vicinity of
Manokwari. These are the first records fronn Bali
and Flores.
Pianococcus iiiacinus (Cockerell, 1905)
Material: K 972, 975, 977, Flores, Labuan Bajo, on
leaves and fruits of different trees, 14 and 15.XII.2012.
Connnnents: The species is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical regions of the world,
including different islands of Indonesia; this is the
first record fronn Flores.
Pseudococcus jackbeardsieyi Ginn pel et Miller,
1996
Material: K 982, Flores, Labuan Bajo, beach by the
sea, on leaf of dicotyledonous herb, 16.XII.2012.
Connnnents: The species is widely distributed in
tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In
Indonesia, it has been recorded fronn Java (Willianns
2004) and fronn western New Guinea, vicinity of
Manokwari (Gavrilov-Zinnin 2013); this is the first
record fronn Flores.
Pseudococcus cf. phiiippinicus Willianns, 2004
Material: K937, 949, Bali, nnountain forest above Lake
Buyan, about 1,200 nn altitude, on leaves of various
trees, 13 and 15.XI.2011; K 1299, Indonesian part
of New Guinea, vicinity of Jayapura, Sentani, without
infornnation on host plant, 22.VIII.2012, N.Yu. Kluge.
Connnnents: The species has been noted
previously in the Philippines and China (Beijing);
this is the first record from Bali, the western part
of New Guinea and from Indonesia as a whole.
The specimens collected in Bali and New Guinea
differ from the type specimens described and
illustrated by Williams (2004) in the number of
dorsal fungiform ducts (= “oral rim tubular” ducts):
these are more numerous in the females from Bali
than in the type specimens and are almost totally
144
Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A.: Taxonomic and faunistic notes on scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) of Bali, Flores and ...
lacking in the fennales fronn New Guinea. However,
both series dennonstrate a unique character of P.
philippinicus - a saccate vulva with four internal
sclerotized pouches, i.e., as in the type specinnens
of this species; so these sannples are here believed
to represent P philippinicus and the differences in
the nunnber of dorsal ducts are considered to be
due to geographical intraspecific variation.
Coccidae
Tectopulvinaria latidigitata sp. nov. (Fig. 2)
Holotype K 946, Bali, mountain forest above
Lake Buyan, about 1700 m altitude, on twig of tree,
14.XI.2011, Ilya Gavrilov-Zimin.
Derivatio nonninis: The species nanne was
constructed fronn two Latin words “latus” and
“digitalis”.
Description: Adult fennale. Body broadly oval,
about 2 nnnn long. Antenna 8- segnnented. Legs well
developed, each with a tibio-tarsal articulation; claw
withouta denticle; clawdigitulesenlarged, with large
basal and apical knobs (Fig. 2). Anal apparatus with
6 setae. Multilocular pores present on posterior 4
abdonninal segnnents only. Quinquelocular pores
fornning a band 2 or 3 pores wide in each spiracular
furrow. Preopercular pores fornning a sparse band
fronn anal plates to nnesothorax. Sinnple pores
scattered on both body surfaces. Dorsal duct
tubercles absent. Tubular ducts of three nnain types:
ducts with broad inner ductules scattered nnedially
on thoracic and anterior abdonninal segnnents;
ducts (snnall and large) with thin ductules fornning
a broad subnnarginal band on ventral surface of
body. Marginal setae long, flagellate, each about
sanne length as tarsus, fornning double row along
entire body nnargin. Stignnatic setae absent, but
shallow stignnatic clefts present. Dorsunn with
sparse, short conical setae. Ventral surface of body
with sparse flagellate setae of different sizes, the
largest scattered in nnedial zone of venter.
Collected fennale, pre-oviposition, was without any
wax covering.
Males and nnorphology of larvae are unknown.
Connnnents: The type species of the genus
Tectopulvinaria Hennpel, 1900, T. albata Hennpel,
1900 was redescribed in detail by Hodgson (1994).
Annongst the innportant diagnostic characters of
this species is the absence of stignnatic setae,
which are usually well developed in other genera of
soft scale insects (Coccidae) and differ significantly
in fornn and size fronn the other nnarginal setae.
Two other species fornnally placed by subsequent
authors in Tectopulvinaria {T farinosa (Green,
1922) fronn Sri Lanka and T loranthi Froggatt,
1915 fronn Australia), have well-developed and
distinct stignnatic setae and also differ fronn the
type species in sonne other innportant details;
both of these species are probably unrelated to T
albata, as was noted previously by other scientists
(see discussion in Hodgson 1994: 574). On the
other hand, the specinnens collected in Bali seenn
to be very sinnilar nnorphologically to the type
species of Tectopulvinaria although they differ fronn
it by lacking dorsal bilocular pores, and by having
ventral tubular ducts on the head and enlarged
claw digitules.
Coccus viridis (Green, 1889)
Material: K 939, Bali, mountain forest above Lake
Buyan, about 1200 m altitude, on leaves of tree,
13.XI.2011.
Connnnents: The species is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical regions of the world,
including the larger islands of Indonesia; this is the
first record fronn Bali.
Luzulaspis australis (Maskell, 1894)
Material: K 992, Flores, vicinity of Labuan Bajo, Wae
Cicu, on leaves of grass (Poaceae), 17.XII.2012.
Connnnents: This species was known only fronn
Australia until recently. However, it was collected in
2013 in the northern part of New Guinea in vicinity
of Jayapura by Gavrilov-Zinnin (2013); this is the
first record fronn Flores.
Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green, 1889)
Material: K 968, Bali, Bukit peninsula near Padang
beach, on leaf of tree, 13.XII.2012.
Connnnents: The species is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical regions of the world,
including the larger islands of Indonesia; this is the
first record fronn Bali.
Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893
Material: K 987, Flores, vicinity of Labuan Bajo, on
leaves of Morinda citrifolia, 16.XI 1.2012.
Connnnents: The species is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical regions of the world,
including the larger islands of Indonesia; this is the
first record fronn Flores.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Figure 2. Tectopulvinaria latidigitata sp. nov., holotype dorsal & ventral view.
Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A.: Taxonomic and faunistic notes on scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) of Bali, Flores and ...
Figure 3. Tachardina aurantiaca (Cockerell, 1903), $ from Flores Island: dorsal & ventral view.
147
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Kerriidae
Tachardina aurantiaca (Cockerell, 1903) (Fig. 3)
Material: K 980, Flores, vicinity of Labuan Bajo,
on leaves of Morinda citrifolia, 15.XII.2012; K 1300,
Indonesian part of New Guinea, vicinity of Jayapura,
without infornnation on host plant, VIII. 2012, N.Yu. Kluge.
Connnnents: The species has been previously
noted fronn the Maldives, Thailand, Malaysia,
Singapore, Indonesia (Java) and Christnnas Island
(according to Garcia Morales et al. 2016: the
ScaleNet database); these are the first records
fronn Flores and the Indonesian part of New Guinea.
In view of the absence of an adequate illustration
of this species in the coccidological literature, I
have included one (Fig. 3), based on the fennales
collected on Flores.
Acknowledgements
The author thanks N.Yu. Kluge and D.A. Gapon
for collecting sonne species, noted above. I ann
also grateful to C.J. Flodgson, J.W. Watson (both -
United Kingdonn) and D. Matile-Ferrero (France)
for useful rennarks and linguistic correction of the
text. The work was carried out in the franne of the
state research project no. 01201351189 at the
Zoological Institute, Russian Acadenny of Sciences.
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of Lecan/um from Ceylon. - Entomoiogist’s Monthiy
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(Coccidae), Part III. With a catalogue of all species
hitherto recorded from the Indian continent. -
Memoirs of the Department of Agricuiture in india,
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Green E.E. 1922. The Coccidae ofCeyion, Part V. Dulau
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Mamet J.R. 1942. New pseudococcids from Mauritius
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149
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
150
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae
(Caenogastropoda: Cyciophoroidea) from Wailacea
and the Papuan Region
Kristine Greke
f
Darza iela 10, LV-2130, Dzidrinas, Stopinu novads, Latvia; e-mail: k.greke@gmail.com
Abstract: Diplommatinidae L. Pfeiffer, 1856 from the Papuan Region and Wallacea excluding the island of Sulawesi
are revised taxonomically. A total of 121 species in 5 genera are recognized within the study area. Type material of
all previously described species from New Guinea, Wallacea and Solomon Islands was examined. Fifteen lectotypes
are designated and four species are synonymized. The genus Anostomella Martens, 1867 is synonymized with
Palaina 0. Semper, 1865 based on DNA sequence data and shell conchological characters. Six new combinations
are proposed based on both conchological characters and DNA sequence data. 54 new species are described, illus¬
trated and keyed. The distribution of each species is mapped allowing biogeographic analyses. Chirality of Papuan
and Wallacean Diplommatinidae is discussed. The conservation status of each species is preliminary assessed with
regard to lUCN guidelines.
Keywords: Gastropoda, Diplommatinidae, Papuan Region, Wallacea, Lesser Sunda Islands, Solomon Islands Mo¬
luccas, New Guinea, taxonomy, biogeography, nomenclatural changes, endemism, conservation, identification, chi¬
rality, phylogeny.
Introduction
The Diplommatinidae L. Pfeiffer, 1856 are
minute (1-10 mm) terrestrial caenogastropod
snails distributed in subtropical and tropical Asia
from eastern Russia and Japan in the north to Sri
Lanka and the Sunda Islands in the south, as well
as northeastern Australia, the Papuan Region, and
Pacific islands, with a single genus Ade/opoma Dor-
ing, 1884 in Central and South America (Egorov
2013). Earlier authors established numerous gen¬
era based only on conchological characters. The
variation within genera and subgenera established
by earlier authors is very high and characters used
for distinction of (sub)genera are often of low taxo¬
nomic value (e.g. variable characters of shell rib¬
bing pattern, shell shape etc.). Taking into account
the diversity of shell forms in diplommatinids, many
of these (sub)generic taxa are considered dubious
(e.g. Vermeulen 1993, 1996a). The Diplommatini¬
dae are widely known for high endemism and small
geographically narrow ranges, which are often re¬
stricted to small limestone areas (e.g. Clements et
al. 2006; Liew et al. 2014; Vermeulen 1996a).
The Papuan Region is a vast equatorial insular
system of complex geological history situated be¬
tween the Asian, Australian and Pacific plates. It is
a region with diverse and highly endemic fauna. De¬
spite recent significant progress in diplommatinid
research in SE Asia and the Pacific (e.g. Vermeu¬
len 1991, 1993, 1996a; Neubert & Bouchet 2015;
Yamazaki et al. 2015a, 2015b), almost no new
information has been published on species in the
Papuan Region since the last review of the West
Papuan terrestrial operculates by van Benthem Jut¬
ting (1963) which was based on limited material
available at that time. Even less attention was paid
to the diplommatinids of Lesser Sunda Islands (=
Nusa Tenggara), the Moluccan and the Solomon
Islands.
Recent collecting by various scientific institu¬
tions in New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, the Mo¬
luccas and Lesser Sunda Islands provides material
for the first comprehensive revision of the Diplom¬
matinidae from the Papuan Region (Sulawesi is ex¬
cluded from present study since no new material
was available from this island). 71 Diplommatini¬
dae species (some are synonymized in the present
work) from the genera Arinia H. et A. Adams, 1856,
Diancta s. str. Martens, 1864, Diplommatina s. I.
Benson, 1849, Moussonia s. str. 0. Semper, 1865,
Palaina s. I. 0. Semper, 1865, and Pseudopalaina
von Mollendorff, 1897 were previously reported
from the study area. Another 54 species are de-
151
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
scribed, illustrated and keyed in the present work.
This study proposes six new connbinations. Five
new synonynns are proposed. The genus Anosto-
mella Martens, 1867 is synonynnized with Palaina
O. Sennper, 1865. The species Palaina delli Clench,
1965 is synonynnized with P (s. I.) gardneri Dell,
1955; P. megamorpha Solenn, 1960 is synony-
mized with Palaina (s. I.) aerarl (Dell, 1955); P vex-
ator I. et B. Rensch, 1929 is synonynnized with P.
(s. I.) novopommerana I. et B. Rensch, 1929; the
subspecies P. commixta jacquinotl I. Rensch, 1937
is synonynnized with P. (s. I.) commixta I. Rensch,
1937. Lectotypes are designated for the following
15 species: Arinia (s. I.) blanda E.A. Snnith, 1897,
A. (s. I.) talautana Fulton, 1898, DIancta (s. str.)
constricta (Martens, 1864), D. (s. str.) torta 0.
Boettger, 1891, DIplommatIna (s. I.) floreslana E.A.
Snnith, 1897, D. (s. I.) smithi Kobelt et von Mollen-
dorff, 1898, D. (s. I.) symmetrica Fledley, 1891,
Moussonia ahena (Preston, 1913), Palaina (s. I.)
ascendens (Martens, 1864), P. (s. str.) diepenhelml
(Preston, 1913), P. (s. I.) dohertyi E.A. Snnith, 1897,
P. (s. I.) granulum I. et B. Rensch, 1929, P. (s. I.) no-
vogulneensls E.A. Snnith, 1897, and P. (s. I.) schnel-
derl I. et B. Rensch, 1929. The following 54 new
taxa are described and illustrated: DIancta (s. str.)
halmaherica sp. nov. (Flainnahera Is.), D. (s. str.)
oblensis sp. nov. (Obi Islands), DIplommatIna (s. I.)
jonabletti sp. nov. (Flores Is.), D. (s. I.) malbrat sp.
nov. (W New Guinea), D. (s. I.) moluccensis sp. nov.
(Ternate & Tidore islands), D. (s. I.) patani sp. nov.
(Flainnahera Is.), D. (s. I.) slapcinskyl sp. nov. (Obi
Islands), D. (s. I.) telnovi sp. nov. (W New Guinea &
Misool Is.), D. (s. I.) timorensis sp. nov. (Tinnor Is.),
D. (s. I.) walgeoensis sp. nov. (Waigeo Is.), Mousso¬
nia echinata sp. nov. (W New Guinea), M. manuse-
lae sp. nov. (Serann Is.), M. monstrlficabllls sp. nov.
(Misool Is.), M. pseudoseparanda sp. nov. (W New
Guinea), M. separanda sp. nov. (Misool Is.), M. torrl-
celll sp. nov. (N New Guinea), Palaina (s. I.) albrechti
sp. nov. (N New Guinea), P. (s. I.) attenboroughi
sp. nov. (Misool Is.), P. (s. I.) bougainvillel sp. nov.
(Bougainville Is. group), P. (s. I.) dianctoldes sp. nov.
(W New Guinea), P. (s. I.) doberai sp. nov. (W New
Guinea), P. (s. I.) extremita sp. nov. (E New Guinea),
P. (s. I.) flavocylindrica sp. nov. (W New Guinea), P.
(s. I.) hartmanni sp. nov. (Waigeo Is.), P. (s. I.) lha
sp. nov. (W New Guinea), P. (s. I.) Imperfecta sp.
nov. (Waigeo Is.), P. (s. I.) Insulana sp. nov. (Polee Is.
near Misool), P. (s. I.) laszlol sp. nov. (Wayag Is. near
Waigeo Is.), P. (s. I.) lengguru sp. nov. (W New Guin¬
ea), P. (s. I.) loulslade sp. nov. (Louisiade Islands),
P. (s. I.) malrasi sp. nov. (W New Guinea), P. (s. I.)
megalostoma sp. nov. (Waigeo Is.), P. (s. I.) mengen
sp. nov. (New Britain Is.), P. (s. I.) mlnuscularla sp.
nov. (Misool Is.), P. (s. I.) mlnutula sp. nov. (Flainna¬
hera Is.), P. (s. I.) mirlfica sp. nov. (Yanndena Is.), P.
(s. I.) misoolensis sp. nov. (Misool Is.), P. (s. I.) mutls
sp. nov. (Tinnor Is.), P. (s. I.) oblensis sp. nov. (Obi
Islands), P. (s. I.) onin sp. nov. (W New Guinea), P. (s.
I.) papuamontls sp. nov. (Central New Guinea), P. (s.
I.) paradlsaea sp. nov. (Waigeo Is.), P. (s. I.) perspec¬
tive sp. nov. (W New Guinea), P. (s. I.) psittricha sp.
nov. (Misool Is.), P. (s. I.) sllvicultrixsp. nov. (Waigeo
Is.), P. (s. I.) slapcinskyl sp. nov. (N New Guinea), P.
(s. I.) sparselamellata sp. nov. (Waigeo Is.), P. (s. I.)
tanimbarensis sp. nov. (Yanndena Is.), P. (s. I.) te/no-
v/ sp. nov. (Waigeo Is.), P. (s. I.) thomasrinteleni sp.
nov. (Yanndena Is.), P. (s. I.) vermeuleni sp. nov. (Aru
Islands), P. (s. I.) waigeo sp. nov. (Waigeo & Wayag
islands), P. (s. I.) waw/ya/ sp. nov. (Waigeo Is.), and
P. (s. I.) yamdena sp. nov. (Yanndena Is.). An identi¬
fication key to the Diplommatinidae of the Papuan
Region and Wallacea is compiled for the first time.
Taxonomic decisions based on morphological data
are corroborated by new DNA sequence data stud¬
ied for certain taxa. Biogeographically, all genera
are shared with neighbour regions of insular Asia
and Australia. Only 2 species are shared with ad¬
jacent regions. Therefore, >98% of diplommatinid
species from Wallacea and the Papuan Region con¬
sidered regional and local endemics with very re¬
stricted distribution.
Papuan and Wallacean Diplommatinidae are
usually associated with limestone areas and are es¬
pecially diverse in regions with limestone soils (for
example. Raja Ampat islands of Misool and Waigeo,
Cenderawasih Bay Island of Biak etc.). Most Papuan
diplommatinids are reported from primary or old
growth secondary rainforests but several species
are also recorded from secondary rainforest areas
and even from gardens and plantations suggesting
some species are ecologically plastic. Conservation
status was assessed using lUCN methodology (for
details see chapter “Materials and Methods”) for
all species. Most species are classified as Data De¬
ficient and Least Concern.
Considering the large study area, about 1%
of the Earths total land area, a complex geologi¬
cal history, numerous islands, rich fauna, dramatic
and inaccessible terrain and high cost of biologi¬
cal studies in this part of the world, this revision
to be considered preliminary investment into the
knowledge of the Papuan and Wallacean diplom¬
matinids. No malacological studies performed at
all or no diplommatinid material is available from
many islands (e.g. Kei Islands, Manus Island, New
Ireland, Sula Islands etc.) or parts of larger islands
152
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
(e.g. Central Cordillera of Indonesian New Guinea,
Adalbert Range, lowlands of Bonnberai Peninsula
etc.). Our knowledge of the fauna of other islands
(e.g. Bougainville, Serann, Timor, and New Guinea)
is still fragmentary. The 121 species now known
from the Papuan Region and Wallacea (Sulawesi
excluded) probably represent only a fraction of the
total diplommatinid diversity for the area, especial¬
ly when compared to the 42 species reported from
Fiji (Neubert & Bouchet 2015) and the nearly 170
diplommatinid taxa found on Borneo (Liew 2016).
Materials and methods
The present review is the first attempt to sum¬
marize existing knowledge of the Diplommatinidae
of Wallacea and Papuan Region, and presents new
information based on additional material available
from recent surveys and museum collections.
The material
Diplommatinids were collected from leaf lit¬
ter using standard techniques including Winkler
and other sieves or by hand from the underside
of stones and fallen leaves, or inside or under rot¬
ten wood. Rocky formations, especially those com¬
posed of limestone were inspected visually for ru-
picole species. Totally over 500 specimens were
studied. Among them about 30% are previously
identified museum material including type mate¬
rial and about 70% are recently collected speci¬
mens. This review reflects the current knowledge
of diplommatinid snails within the study area and
is limited, because available material is sparse and
much of the Papuan and Wallacean region remains
to be sampled. The diversity of Diplommatinidae
in Wallacea and Papuan Region is predicted to be
much higher than the results of this first study.
Most specimens described below (with the
exception of historical ones) are preserved in 99%
ethanol. Specimens were studied using a Leica
S6D stereomicroscope. The internal lamellar sys¬
tem was exposed using pins (size 1 or 3 depending
on the dimensions of the shell). Specimens were
photographed using a Canon EOS 450D DSLR cam¬
era attached to a stereomicroscope. Multiple pho¬
tographs were taken at different focal planes and
reassembled using CombineZP software. Scanning
electron microscope (SEM) photographs were taken
using SEM provided by the Latvian University’s Fac¬
ulty of Biology. Shells were ultrasonically cleaned
in distilled water for 5 min, washed through a grad¬
ed alcohol series up to 99%, air dried and placed
dorsally onto conductive tape on aluminium stubs.
Shells were imaged using a Flitachi TM-3000 (Flita-
chi Fligh Technologies ®) SEM following methods
described by Geiger et al. (2007).
Flolotypes of the newly described species are
deposited in the collections of Natural Flistory Mu¬
seum in London (United Kingdom), Natural Flistory
Museum in Erfurt (Germany), Naturalis Biodiversity
Center in Leiden (The Netherlands), Florida Mu¬
seum of Natural Flistory in Gainesville (U.S.A.), and
Lee Kong Chian Natural Flistory Museum in Singa¬
pore.
All genera and species are listed alphabetical¬
ly, because a phylogenetic arrangement is currently
impossible. All label text is reproduced without cor¬
rections or additions; labels (if more than one for
the same specimen) are separated by slashes ( /
). All labels are printed unless stated otherwise. Au¬
thor’s comments are placed in square brackets [
]. All type specimens of new species described in
the present publication are provided with an ad¬
ditional black-framed printed label ‘Flolotypus’
or ‘Paratypus’ on red paper. Consequently, lecto-
and paralectotype specimens designated below
are provided with additional labels ‘Lectotypus’ or
‘Paralectotypus’.
Acronyms for scientific coiiections used in the text:
BMNH - British Museum (Natural History), London, Unit¬
ed Kingdom;
FMNH -The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago,
U.S.A.;
KGC - Collection Kristine Greke, Dzidrinas, Latvia;
LKCNHM - Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Na¬
tional University of Singapore, Singapore;
MCZ - Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Univer¬
sity, Cambridge, U.S.A.;
MHUB - Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Univer-
sitat zu Berlin, Germany;
MMUE - The University of Manchester Museum, Man¬
chester, United Kingdom;
MONZ - Museum of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zea¬
land;
MSNG - Museo Civico di Storia naturale „Giacomo
Doha", Genova, Italy;
NHMB - Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland;
NME - Naturkundemuseum Erfurt, Germany;
NMNL - National Museum of Natural History “Natu¬
ralis”, Leiden, The Netherlands;
SMF - Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuse-
um, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
SNSD - Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammiungen,
Dresden, Germany;
UF - Florida Museum of Natural History, University of
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Florida, Gainesville, U.S.A.;
UMMZ - Museunn of Zoology, Universityof Michigan, Ann
Arbor, U.S.A.;
UWCP - Museunn of Zoology, University of Wroclaw, Po¬
land.
ZSM - Zoologische Staatssannnniung Munchen, Gernna-
ny.
Phylogenetic assessnnent
For phylogenetic reconstruction, the following
methodology was used: Gene fragment: mitochon¬
drial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), primer
combinations (forward / reverse) used for the ampli¬
fication = LC01490 / COR722b (Folmer etal. 1994;
Wilke & Davis 2000, respectively) and L1490-Alb /
H2198-Alb (Gittenberger et al. 2004). Number of
taxa = 94 (12 newly sequenced Diplommatinidae
taxa from Wallacea and New Guinea plus 78 taxa
downloaded from GenBank: 36 from Rundell 2008,
42 from Webster et al. 2012, and 4 outgroup taxa).
A
C
F
B
Figure 1. Ternninology for nneasurennents. A-B - shell
height (FI); Al-Bl - height of last whorl (FIW); C-D - shell
width (D); F-G - nnaxinnunn width of peristonne (PD); FI -
beginning of the ultinnate whorl.
Used outgroup based on the phylogeny of Webster
et al. (2012) = Aperostoma palmeri (DQ093523),
Conus miles Linnaeus, 1758 (AY588202), Conus
miliaris Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792 (FJ411486), and
Pomacea insularum (D’Orbigny, 1839) (FJ946828).
Fragment length = 658 base pairs (bp). Used mod¬
el of sequence evolution = GTR + I + F (selected by
the software jModelTest version 2.1.4 based on the
Akaike Information Criterion). Phylogenetic relation¬
ships were reconstructed using Bayesian inference
implemented in the software package MrBayes ver¬
sion 3.2.2: used parameter: nchains = 4, ngen =
5 000 000, samplefreq = 100, temp = 0.1, burnin
= 25% (N = 12 500). For DNA extraction and PCR
reaction, same conditions were followed as a previ¬
ous study (Webster et al. 2012).
Conservation status assessments and endemism
Conservation status is assessed for each spe¬
cies using lUCN Red list criteria and guidelines
(lUCN 2016). Conservation status is assessed us¬
ing data from fieldwork in the Papuan Region in
2007-2016 as well as published information and
museums specimens. When applicable, GeoCat
tool (Bachman et al. 2011) was used to calculate
extent of occurrence and area of occupancy. These
lUCN assessments to be considered preliminary
since they were not controlled and approved by
lUCN staff.
Categories of endemism used in the text (see
chapter “Annotated list of the Diplommatinidae
from the Papuan Region and Wallacea” below) are
based on Hamer & Slotow (2002).
Terminology used in this review
Consider Map 1 for study area boundary defi¬
nition. Lesser Sunda Islands, or Nusa Tenggara is
the geographic term for a group of mainly Indone¬
sian islands of the Sunda volcanic arc that are situ¬
ated to the east of Java Island. The main islands
and their groups (west to east) are: Bali, Lombok,
Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Alor Archipelago,
Tanimbar Islands. All of these islands except Bali
are considered part of Wallacea.
Wallacea - zoogeographic term used in the
broad sense for a group of mainly Indonesian is¬
lands located in between Wallace’s Line in the West
and Lydekker’s Line in the East, e.g. Lesser Sunda
Islands (Map 1), the Moluccas and Sulawesi. East¬
ern part of Wallacea (The Moluccas incl. Kei and
Tanimbar Islands) is a part of the Papuan Region.
Sulawesi is not included into my study area.
154
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Papuan Region - zoogeographic ternn in the
sense of Gressitt (1982), Beehler et al. (1986),
Riedel (2002), and Telnov (2011). This area is de¬
fined as the Sahul continental shelf islands, includ¬
ing those north and east of New Guinea and Torres
Strait islands south of it. In the west, chains of Mo-
luccan Islands (North, Central and South Moluccas)
with a high percentage of Papuan faunal elennents,
are also considered part of the Papuan Region with
Weber’s Line used as the western boundary of the
region. In parallel, these islands are also a part of
Wallacea (Map 1).
For all species, the following measurements
were taken: shell height (Fig. 1. A-B) in most species
supplemented with height of the last whorl (Fig. 1
Al-Bl), shell width (Fig. 1 C-D), maximum width of
the peristome inclusive of its maximum expansions
(Fig. 1 F-G). Species were split into four informative
groups by their shell size:
very small - average shell height does not exceed
2 mm;
small - average shell height is between 2-3 mm;
large - average shell height is between 3-5 mm;
very large - average shell height exceeds 5 mm.
Density of axial ribs was measured on penulti¬
mate whorl on the apertural side of the shell.
The internal lamellae of diplommatinid shells
are usually rich in characters and can be extremely
useful for taxonomic purposes (Fig. 2). With a few
modifications I follow the terminology introduced by
Liew et al. (2014) and supplemented by Neubert &
Bouchet (2015) as follows:
columellaris (c) - a lamella on the columella that
extends into the interior of the shell; it may be vis¬
ible in the aperture as a basal denticle, it can be
smooth or can undulate or bear secondary denti¬
cles;
columellar plate (cip) - a basal broadening of the
columella in the last whorl; it may be subdivided
into two sections, outer plate (pointing towards the
aperture), and the internal plate (pointing towards
the shell’s interior);
palatal structures (I use the term “internal lamel¬
lae” for them) - there can be one to several lamel¬
lae (or small denticles in non-Papuan taxa), which
may be spirally or axially oriented; in constricted
species these structures tend to be shifted to the
base of the penultimate whorl.
Additional external conchological characters used
are:
bulb - a lateral voluminous protrusion of the ulti¬
mate whorl;
constriction - a narrowing of the whorl, and the fur¬
thest point that the snail can retract the shell
and therefore the point where the operculum
rests. There are calcareous structures - lamel¬
lae or teeth around or inside the aperture that
constrict the shell opening. The constriction
is often defined by an impression on the shell
wall and at the suture, in addition to a change
in ribbing pattern and sculpture;
prtl
prt2
palatal
side
basal side
Figure 2. Terminology of the lamellae apparatus of the Diplommatinidae (after Neubert & Bouchet, 2015,
with modifications).
155
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
aperture and peristonne - the following ternns are
used for apertural characters: palatal side
(outer side at shell nnargin), colunnellarside (in¬
ner side along colunnella), parietal side (= up¬
per side against penultinnate whorl), basal side
(= lower). The diplonnnnatinid shell has either a
sinnple ora double, rarely triple peristonne, and
this pattern is often species specific;
spiral striae - spiral sculpture on the teleoconch
connposed of raised nnicroscopic spiral ridges.
The intensity of the spiral lines depends on the
size of these nnicro-structures (Figs 108-145);
microscopic pits - mostly randomly arranged pit¬
like sculpture of the protoconch composed of
more or less dense pits (punctures) on the em¬
bryonic whorls (Figs 3-4);
axial ribs - axial ridges caused by a change of shell
ontogeny in both shell accretion direction and
aperture dimensions. During rib formation.
2016.10.24 18:38 F S 500 urn
2017.03.02 16:45 F S 300 um
Figures 3-4. Embryonic whorls and the first teleoconch
whorl of Diplommatina radiiformis Preston, 1913 at
200x (Fig. 3) and 300x (Fig. 4) magnification, showing
microstructures of the shell.
the shell material accretion direction around
the aperture changes from longitudinal to or¬
thogonal, aperture size increases and aper¬
ture shape possibly changes also. Ribs can be
simple, sinuous or humped, coarse or delicate,
low or high (lamella-like);
tuba - the ultimate whorl beyond the constriction.
Abbreviations used in the Figs 1-2 and in the text (list of
museum acronyms is given above):
AGO - area of occupancy (see lUCN 2016 for the defini¬
tion);
EGO - extent of occurrence (see lUCN 2016 for the defi¬
nition);
env. - environs;
PNG - Papua New Guinea (country);
vill. - village or little settlement;
c - columellaris (consider Fig. 2);
cc - columellar corner;
cd - columellar denticle (consider Fig. 2);
cip - columellar plate;
H - shell height including the peristome (consider Fig.
1);
HW - height of ultimate whorl (consider Fig. 1);
juv. - juvenile (not adult or subadult) specimen;
mt. - mount;
PD - maximum width of peristome (consider Fig. 1);
prtl - inner parietalis (consider Fig. 2);
prt2 - outer parietalis (consider Fig. 2);
pt - pa lata I is;
ptl - parallel palatalis (consider Fig. 2);
pt2 - perpendicular palatalis (consider Fig. 2);
pm - micrometre;
W - number of whorls inclusive embryonic ones (if shell
is not decollate).
The area
The study area (Map 1) extends about 4 SGG
km from Lombok on the West to the easternmost
Solomon Islands on the East. The study area in¬
cludes the following insular systems and large is¬
lands: the classic Wallacea (the Moluccas, Lesser
Sunda Islands, Timor, Tanimbar Islands, Banda
Islands and Kei Islands), and the Papuan Region
(New Guinea with satellite islands (Aru Islands,
Cenderawasih Bay islands of Biak, Supiori, Num-
foor and Yapen), Raja Ampat Islands (e.g. Batanta,
Misool, Salawati and Waigeo), Bismarck and Ad¬
miralty archipelagos, as well as Louisiade Islands
and D’Entrecasteaux Islands), and the Solomon Is¬
lands). Sulawesi, which is considered a part of the
Wallacea, was intentionally excluded since no un¬
studied recent material from this island was avail-
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
able for the present study. Despite being a part of
the Lesser Sunda Island chain, zoogeographically
Bali is not a part of Wallacea and it is not included
in the present study.
Despite presence of well-described signifi¬
cant differences in clinnate, geology and ecology
between Lesser Sunda Islands and the Moluccas,
New Guinea and the Solonnon Islands, nny review
is not split into parts. Papuan taxa are assessed
together with those from Lesser Sunda Islands.
Taxonomy
Egorov (2013) listed all known genera and
subgenera of recent diplommatinid snails based on
data published by earlier authors. Despite several
recent studies from adjacent regions parts of the
Pacific, Indo-Australian islands and Australia (Ver-
meulen 1991, 1993, 1996a; Clements et al. 2008;
Vermeulen & Clements 2008; Stanisic et al. 2010;
Webster et al. 2012; Neubert & Bouchet 2015;
Yamazaki et al. 2013; Yamazaki K. et al. 2015a;
Yamazaki M. et al. 2015b), modern concepts of
most genera of Diplommatinidae are still lacking.
Diplommatinid (sub)genera are rather poorly
defined and most conchological characters used
for defining genera and subgenera by earlier au¬
thors are highly variable and may not be useful in
defining generic level groupings similar to Fijian
Diplommatinidae (Neubert & Bouchet 2015). A first
attempt at a phylogeny of diplommatinid species
was made recently (Webster et al. 2012), but no
representatives from Wallacea or the Papuan Re¬
gion was included.
Vermeulen (1993) and Stanisic et al. (2010)
used the genus name Diplommatina Benson, 1849
in a very broad sense for a large number of species
sharing various shell characters, but Yamazaki et
al. (2013) advised against such a broad definition
of Diplommatina (Neubert & Bouchet 2015).
As shown by Webster et al. (2012) and later by
Neubert & Bouchet (2015), Diplommatinid genera
tend to be constrained to discrete geographical ar¬
eas.
History of Diplommatinidae exploration in Wallacea
and Papuan Region
My review of historical aspects of diplomma¬
tinid snail studies is based on a comprehensive as¬
sessment of literature on non-marine molluscs of
the Papuan Region (Greke & Telnov 2014). There
is no similar assessment or checklist for the Lesser
Sunda Islands and historical review for this area
was performed in parallel with taxonomic work.
The fauna of the Papuan and Wallacean re-
115" 120* 125* 130* 135* 140" 145* 150* 155" 160*
Map 1. The study area - Wallacea and Papuan region, showing important zoogeographic lines. Study area is shaded
in dark grey (redrawn from The Times Atlas of the World (1994), with modifications by Riedel (2002)
and by the author).
157
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
gions is known fronn approxinnately 30 nnostly short
papers. The first description of a diplonnnnatinid fronn
the area contained two species (Martens 1864).
Until 1955, authors described new taxa based on
material collected mainly from the Moluccas, eas¬
ily accessible coastal areas and offshore islands of
12 n
New Guinea, and from the Solomon Islands (Fig. 5).
The most important contributions to the knowledge
of the area were made by Rensch (1931) and van
Benthem Jutting (1958a) for Lesser Sunda Islands,
and van Benthem Jutting (1958b, 1963) for the
Papuan Region.
12
8
Figure 5. Chronological overview of Diplonnnnatinidae descriptions fronn Wallacea and Papuan region
(Sulawesi is excluded), 1864-1998.
Legends: X axis -years of publications; y axis - nunnber of Diplonnnnatinidae species described by years (please note
the real nunnber of species is lower since some of previously described taxa are synonymised in the present work).
Figure 6. Cumulative number of Diplommatinidae descriptions from Wallacea and Papuan region by years
(Sulawesi is excluded).
Legends: x axis - years of publications; y axis - number of Diplommatinidae species (please note the real number
of species is lower since some of previously described taxa are synonymised in the present work).
158
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Before this study, 71 diplonnnnatinid species
were reported fronn the study area (5 Arinia spe¬
cies, 3 Diancta, 14 Diplommatina, 6 Moussonia,
39 Palaina according to the generic concept used
in this publication), annong these 68 species (Fig.
6) considered endennic to the study area. Several
of these species are synonymized in the present
paper. For such a large and heterogeneous area,
these numbers appear depauperate and probably
result from the poorer sampling of the areas, espe¬
cially when compared to the 42 species known from
the much smaller Fiji Islands (Neubert & Bouchet
2015) and approximately 90 Diplommatinid spe¬
cies estimated from the even smaller Palau Islands
(Rundell 2008)).
Prior to this study, Diplommatinidae mate¬
rial was available mainly from a limited number of
mostly coastal localities (Table 1). Relatively high
numbers of species were reported by earlier au¬
thors from Sumba (10 species), Misool (8), Flores
(7) and northern New Guinea (7 species). This pic¬
ture is changing significantly when taking into ac¬
count newly discovered species described in this
publication (Table 19).
Table 1. Geographical records of the Diplommatinidae from the study area prior to this study (Some of these
species are synonymized with other ones in this publication).
Systematic part and new faunal information
Ten diplommatinid genera and subgenera rep¬
resented by seventy one species ^ were reported
for the study area prior to my studies (Table 1). The
following Diplommatinidae genera and subgenera
(Egorov 2013) were reported from the study area
prior to this study (Table 2; next page).
1 Some of these genera and species are synonymized
with other taxa in the present revision.
159
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Table 2. Diplonnnnatinidae genera and species reported fronn the study area prior to this study
(Taxa are arranged alphabetically).
Arinia s. I. H. et A. Adams, 1856
Type species: Cyclostoma minor G.B. Sowerby,
1843 (original designation)
Diagnosis: The dextral shell is cylindrical, conical
or fusiform. Constriction before the tuba bears an
internal transverse thickening without teeth. The
aperture is not or only inconspicuously tilted up¬
wards and lacks teeth or bears a tooth in the an¬
gular edge; rarely with the columellaris visible. The
operculum with a corneous inner and a calcareous
outer layer, multispiral, without concentric ridges
(Vermeulen 1996a) but this character is variable
among the Papuan and Wallacean taxa. According
to Kobelt (1902) the tuba (the area beyond the con¬
striction) extends half a whorl in Arinia and three
quarters of a whorl in Palaina. However, this char¬
acter is variable in both Arinia and Palaina. Sub¬
genera of Arinia (Table 3) are poorly defined and
not considered in this review.
Remark: Generic limits between Arinia and Palai¬
na are not clear and additional data i.e. DNA se¬
quence data will be required to more clearly define
the two genera. I have not attributed any of my new
species to Arinia since there is no comprehensive
revision or good delimitation of generic characters
for diplommatinids. I am not using the older genus
{Arinia) versus later established Palaina primarily
because I follow earlier authors on the Papuan Re¬
gion who placed most of their species in Palaina.
Distribution: Vietnam, West Malaysia, Borneo,
the Philippines, Wallacea (Sulawesi; occurrence on
Nusa Tenggara and Talaud Islands needs genetic
confirmation), Aru Islands, Australia. The range of
this genus in the east is not clearly ascertained
because of insufficiently clear delimitation towards
the genus Palaina 0. Semper, 1865.
Diversity in the study area: Five species hith¬
erto confirmed (Table 4). Additional DNA studies
required to confirm these species belong to Arinia
or Palaina.
Table 3. Satellite taxa of Arinia H. et A. Adams, 1856 (according to Egorov 2013).
160
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Table 4. Characters matrix 1. Genus Arinia H. et A. Adams.
Legends: + present; - absent; 1/2 - character indistinct; ? - unknown; r = axial ribs on the penultimate whorl
absent (0), straight (1), sinuous (2) or humped; rp = ribbing pattern widely-spaced throughout the teleoconch (1),
dense (2) or ribbing pattern changing in different parts of the teleoconch (3); ss - spiral striae visible at 80x magnifi¬
cation (-I-) or not indicated (-); p = peristome is simple (1), double (2) or triple (3); d = dextral or s = sinistral.
Arinia (s. I.) blanda E.A. Smith, 1897 (Plate 30 figs
10-13)
Lectotype BMNH [herewith designated]: Arina [cor¬
rected by hand] Arinia blanda, Smith I. Flores, 4000
ft. SM 8.3.80-2 [handwritten] / blanda. Smith I. Flores
[handwritten].
Paralectotypes 2 adults BMNFI [herewith designat¬
ed]: same labels as lectotype.
Lectotype designation: Paralectotypes and lec¬
totype are selected fronn a lot of 3 syntypes, but this
lot does not have any label saying these specinnens
are (syn)types (J. Ablett, personal connnnunication).
References: Snnith E.A. (1897a: 627); Kobelt &
von Mollendorff (1898: 131), checklist, as Arinia
Subgen. Leucarinia Mlldff. bianda; Kobelt (1902:
392), as A.[rinia] (L[eucarinia]) bianda; Rensch B.
(1931: 392).
Measurennents: Lectotype H = 2.1, D = 1.1 nnnn,
HW = 1.2 nnnn, PD = 0.7 nnnn.
Description: Shell is snnall, white, dextral, cylin¬
drical with flattened apex. Shell with 5V2 convex
whorls, the IV3 ennbryonic whorl is nnicroscopically
pitted. The suture is nnoderately deeply innpressed.
The ultinnate whorl is slightly constricted in aper-
tural view, slightly narrower than the penultinnate
whorl. The unnbilicus is closed in adult. Whorls are
oblique with regard to the coiling axis. The constric¬
tion is not defined on shell wall. The constriction
is nnore or less centered in apertural view. The te¬
leoconch whorls are sculptured with delicate dense
straight to slightly sinuous axial ribs. The ribs be-
conning coarser and nnore widely spaced on the
last half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are oblique to the
coiling axis. There are about 15-17 ribs per 0.5 nnnn.
Spiral striae delicate and dense on early whorls,
not or ainnost not indicated on the penultinnate and
ultinnate whorls. The aperture is circular, apertural
rinn is entire. The aperture is tilted about 10 ° to the
coiling axis. In apertural view the aperture is nnore
or less central below the coiling axis. The peristonne
is double, thin in lateral view, the inner and outer
peristonnes ainnost fused. The parietal nnargin of
the peristonne is attached to the ultinnate whorl.
The palatal nnargins of both peristonnes are slightly
sinuous. No specinnens were available to study the
internal lannellae. Operculunn is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores Island.
Exact locality is unknown for this species, therefore
a distribution nnap is not given.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. There
is not enough data available to calculate current
ECO and AGO. The maximum ECO for this species
estimated about 9000 km^ taking into account
the area of Flores and the distribution of remain¬
ing rainforests on this island. This species is known
from the small type series collected from one local¬
ity over 120 years ago and has not been collected
again. The population size and trend are unknown.
The main threat is unknown for this speies. Between
2001 and 2014, Flores has lost over 17000 ha of
the rainforest (calculated for canopy density over
25% according to the Global Forest Watch (2016)),
primarily in lowland forests. Further research is re¬
quired to assess the distribution of this species, its
population size, trend and threats.
Arinia (s. I.) crassiventris B. Rensch, 1931 (Plate
30 figs 18-20, map 12)
Flolotype MFIUB: Sunda-Expedition Rensch Fundort:
[printed] Waingapoe, Sumba Kambera-Genist [handwrit¬
ten] Datum: [printed] 27.7.27 [handwritten] No: [printed]
/ Zoolog. Museum Berlin [printed] Arinia crassiventris
Rensch* Waingapoe, Sumba 27.7.27. Kambera Genist
75443 Rensch leg [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museum Ber¬
lin. Typus von: [printed] Arinia crassiventris Rensch Zool.
Jahrb. Syst., 61, p. 392, Fig. 18, 1931 [handwritten] [la¬
bel red].
References: Rensch B. (1931: 392); Rensch B.
(1933: 496); van Benthem Jutting (1958b: 94);
Monk etal. (1997: 395).
Measurements: Holotype H = 4.2 mm, D = 3.05
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
mm, HW = 2.7 mm, PD = 1.7 mm.
Description: Shell is large, white, dextral, obese
cylindrical with pointed apex. Shell with 6 convex
whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically
pitted. The suture is deeply impressed. The ulti¬
mate whorl is strongly constricted, it is as wide as
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbi¬
licus is closed in adult. The penultimate and the ul¬
timate whorls are oblique with regard to the coiling
axis. The constriction is not defined on shell wall.
The position of the constriction is unknown since
the shell is not translucent. Teleoconch smooth on
younger whorls, ribs extremely delicate and poorly
defined as dense axial striation. The ribs are more
distinct and more widely-spaced on the 2"^ and
3'^ whorls. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are oblique to the coiling
axis. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is tilted
about 15-20° to the coiling axis, semicircular, ap¬
ertural rim is entire. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is simple, its columellar margin
slightly sinuous. The parietal side of the peristome
is pressed against the parietal wall, attached to it.
No specimens were available to study the internal
lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Specimens reported from light, dry sec¬
ondary forest, collected under pieces of wood and
in leaf litter.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba Is¬
land.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO
for this species. The current AGO is 8 km^ but the
maximum AGO is likely much higher. This species is
known from a couple of specimens collected from
two localities over 50 years ago. The population
size and trend are unknown. The main threat is un¬
known for Arinia crassiventris. Further research is
required to clarify status of this species in the wild,
assess its distribution, population size and trend,
and highlight threats.
Arinia (s. I.) patagiata van Benthem Jutting, 1958
(Plate 30 figs 21-23, map 12)
Holotype NHMB: Arinia patagiata Stal. 575 Holotypus
[handwritten] / 6078a Sunnba,Waikarudi [printed] / HO¬
LOTYPUS [printed, label pink, glued on glass of the store
box].
Pa retype 1 subadult NHMB: Arinia patagiata nsp.
Paratype [handwritten] / Naturhist. Museum Basel Coll.
Dr. Buhler Dr. Sutter 1949 Waikarudi Sumba 575 [print¬
ed] / 6078 a Sumba,Waikarudi [printed] / PARATYPOID
[printed, label light green, glued on glass].
References: van Benthem Jutting (1958b: 94, pi.
1 fig. 1); Monk et al. (1997: 395).
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.9 mm, D = 1.65
mm, HW = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.4 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish, dextral, cylin¬
drical with conical apex. Shell with 5% very convex
whorls, the 2 embryonic whorls are microscopically
pitted. The suture is very deep. The ultimate whorl
is constricted, it is as wide as the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult.
The constriction is not defined on shell wall. The
constriction is more or less centered in apertural
view. The teleoconch is sculptured with coarse, very
widely-spaced, strongly sinuous and partly hump¬
ing ribs. Upper parts of the ribs are bent to a coiling
direction. The ribs becoming denser at the constric¬
tion, but are more widely spaced on the last half
whorl. These changes in ribbing pattern are rather
abrupt. The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls and are oblique to the coil¬
ing axis. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is
not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is double, thin in lateral view.
The parietal margin of the peristome is attached
to the ultimate whorl. The margins of the inner
peristome are not sinuous. The outer peristome is
broadly discontinued parietally, broadly expanding
beyond inner peristome and consists of few coarse
lamellae, its palatal margin is not or slightly sinu¬
ous. No specimens were available to study the in¬
ternal lamellae. Gperculum is unknown.
Ecology: Type specimens were sampled from
creek valley from under decaying wood.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba Is¬
land.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOG and
AOG. The maximum EOG estimated at least 11100
km^ taking into account the area of Sumba and ad¬
jacent islets. The population size and trend are un¬
known. The main threat for this species is unknown.
It is likely that loss of the habitat is a very significant
threat for this species, but this needs confirmation.
Further research is required to clarify status of A.
patagiata in the wild, assess its distribution, calcu¬
late population size, trend and highlight threats for
this species.
Arinia (s. I.) taiautana (Fulton, 1899) (Plate 30 figs
14-17)
Lectotype BMNH [herewith designated]: Dip. (Arinia)
taiautana Fulton Talaut [sic!] Isl TYPE 48-12-3-227-229
162
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
[handwritten] / Type, [printed] / talautana, Fulton. Ta-
laut. [handwritten].
Paralectotypes 4 adults [herewith designated]:
2 BMNH: same labels as lectotype; 2 FMNH: 25287
[printed] / 25287 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
MOLLUSCA: DIPLOMMATINIDAE 2 dry spec. Syntype(s):
Diplommatina (Arinia) talautana Fulton, 1899 Sta.
FMNH25287, Indonesia, Talaut Islands ex W.F. Webb ex
Sowerby & Fulton (Acc.# 7129) [printed].
Lectotype designation: Paralectotypes and
lectotype are selected fronn a lot of 5 syntypes in
BMNH and FMNH.
References: Fulton (1899: 214, 217, pi. 11 fig.
13), as Diplommatina (Arinia) Talautana; Kobelt
(1902: 393), as A.[rinia] (L[eucarinia]) talautana;
Monk etal. (1997: 395).
Measurennents: Lectotype H = 2.65 nnnn, D = 1.4
mm, HW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1 mm. Selected paralec-
totype from FMNH: H = 2.4 mm, D = 1.3 mm, HW =
1.4 mm, PD = 1 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish to creamy co¬
loured, dextral, cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell
with 5V4 convex whorls, the 1 embryonic whorl is
microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is slightly constricted,
as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is extremely narrowly open and per¬
spective in adult. The constriction is poorly defined
by a short impression. The constriction situated on
same axis with the columellar side of the aperture.
The teleoconch is sculptured with coarse, widely-
spaced, straight ribs. The ribs becoming somewhat
coarser and much more widely-spaced on the last
half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the rib¬
bing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls. The ribs are oblique
to the coiling axis. There are about 9-11 ribs per 1
mm. Spiral striae are distinct, delicate and dense.
The aperture is tilted about 10-15° to the coiling
axis and is circular and has entire apertural rim.
The aperture is slightly shifted right against the coil¬
ing axis in apertural view. The peristome is double,
thin in lateral view and consists of a few strong
lamellae. The parietal margin of the peristome is
pressed against the shell wall, attached to the ulti¬
mate whorl. The margins of the inner peristome are
not sinuous. The outer peristome broadly discon¬
tinued parietally. The palatal margin of the outer
peristome is slightly sinuous. No specimens were
available to study the internal lamellae. The opercu¬
lum is derivative, with rather long hollow cylindrical
median process on the outer surface.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Talaud Islands. Record from Ternate
(North Moluccas) by Monk et al. (1997: 395) is de¬
finitively an error. Distribution map is not given.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO and
AGO. The maximum ECO for this species estimated
4000 km^ taking into account the area of Talaud Is¬
lands. This species is known from small type series
sampled from one site over 120 years ago and has
not been reported again. The population size and
trend are unknown. Threats are unknown for this
species. Further research is required to clarify sta¬
tus of A. talautana in the wild, assess the distribu¬
tion, calculate population size, trend and highlight
threats for this species.
Arinia (s. I.) tjendanae B. Rensch, 1931 (Figs 37-
38, 105a-b, 140-141, plate 29 figs 13-17,
maps 12, 15)
Syntypes 14 adults MHUB: Sunda=Expedition
Rensch Fundort: [printed] Waingapoe, Sunnba Kannbera-
Genist [handwritten] Datunn: [printed] 27.7.27 [handwrit¬
ten] No. [printed] / Zoolog. Museunn Berlin [printed] Arin¬
ia (Leucarinia) thendanae Rensch* Waingapoe, Sunnba
Kannbera Genist 27.7.27 75446 Rensch [handwritten] /
Zoolog. Museunn Berlin. Typus von: [printed] Arinia (Leu¬
carinia) thendanae Rensch Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 61, P. 393,
Fig. 19, 1931 [handwritten, label red].
Additional material 5 adults NMNL: Coll. J.J.Vermeu-
len, nr. 4147 Arinia cf. Tjendanae Rensch 1931 Diplom¬
matinidae INDONESIA, Aru Islands, Pulau Kobroor, N. of
Kobroor. Primary rainforest, base of outcropping fossil
coral reef. Leg. H. Turner & M. v. BalgooiJ, 25/04/1993.
References: Rensch B. (1931: 393), as Arinia
(Leucarinia) tjendanae; Rensch B. (1933: 496), as
Arinia (Leucarinia) tjendanae; van Benthem Jutting
(1958b: 94); Vermeulen (1996c: 109, 112); Monk
etal. (1997: 395).
Measurements: Selected syntype H = 1.8, D =
0.9 mm, HW = 0.9 mm, PD = 0.6 mm. All speci¬
mens from Aru Islands are generally larger: H = 2.1,
D = 1 mm, HW = 1.15 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 1.95,
D = 0.9 mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is very small to small, white,
dextral, high cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell
with 5V4-5V2 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic
whorl is smooth (no microscopic sculpture visible
by 300x magnification). The suture is moderately
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is as wide as
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbili¬
cus is closed in adult. The constriction is poorly de¬
fined by an inconspicuous impression and suture
becoming somewhat deeper above the of constric¬
tion. The constriction is more or less centered in
apertural view. Teleoconch smooth with very deli-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
cate axial striations on both the penultinnate and
the ultinnate whorls, but with very delicate and very
widely-spaced straight axial ribs on earlier whorls.
There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern.
Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is not tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap-
ertural rinn. The aperture is nnore or less centered
below the penultinnate whorl in apertural view. The
peristonne is distinctly triple in larger specinnens
(the outer peristonne is double), double with less
conspicuous nnedian (third) lannella in snnaller
specinnens. The parietal nnargin of the peristonne is
attached to the ultinnate whorl. The outer peristonne
is broadly discontinued parietally. Peristonnal nnar-
gins are not sinuous. The colunnella is shiny and
nnoderately broad with a snnall nnedian knob (the
knob is less conspicuous in snnaller shells). Oper-
culunn is unknown.
Ecology: Specinnens occur in nnoist rainforest soil
and leaf litter, as well as under decaying wood. On
Aru Islands this species inhabits base of linnestone
outcrops in prinnary lowland rainforests.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Sunnba Is¬
land; Aru Islands: Kobroor Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. The
EOO inclusive nearly 60 years old records is about
45000 knn^, but not enough data available to calcu¬
late the current EOO. The maximum EOO estimated
at least 165000 km^ and includes whole of Sumba
and at least Kobroor of Aru Islands. The current
AOO is 4 km^, however the maximum AOO is likely
much higher. The population size and trend are un¬
known. According to van Benthem Jutting (1958b),
this species was locally common on Sumba. The
main threat to this species considered decline and
altering of the habitat, but this needs confirmation.
Further research is required to assess the distribu¬
tion and calculate population size, uncover ecology
of A. tjendanae and highlight threats for this spe¬
cies.
Diancta s. str. Martens, 1864
Type species: Diplommatina constricta Martens,
1864b (by monotypy)
= subgenus Eudiancta Kobelt et von M6I-
lendorff, 1898 (objective synonym)
Remark: The name Eudiancta was introduced by
Kobelt and von Mollendorff (1898) as an unneces¬
sary replacement for Diancta.
Diagnosis: The penultimate whorl is bulbous and
the ultimate whorl is constricted. Internal lamellae
apparatus conspicuous due to the presence of sev¬
eral longitudinal palatalis.
Distribution: From North Moluccas to Fiji. There
are currently no records from New Guinea and the
Solomon Islands. Subgenus Paradiancta von Mol¬
lendorff, 1895 occurs on the Philippines and Great¬
er Sunda Islands (Borneo in particular) (Egorov
2013).
Diversity in the study area: Five species hith¬
erto confirmed (Table 5).
Table 5. Characters matrix 2. Genus Diancta Martens.
Legends: + present; - absent; 1/2 - character indistinct; ? - unknown; r = axial ribs on the penultimate whorl
straight (1) or sinuous (2); rp = ribbing pattern widely-spaced throughout the teleoconch (1), dense (2) or ribbing
pattern changing in different parts of the teleoconch (3); ss - spiral striae visible at 80x magnification (+) or not
indicated (-); p = Peristome is simple (1) or double (2); pt = number of palatalis (I - longitudinal, t - transverse); d =
dextral or s = sinistral.
Diancta (s. str.) constricta (Martens, 1864) (Fig. 8,
plate 19 figs 1-10, map 5)
Lectotype MHUB [herewith designated]: Ternate
[handwritten] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin [printed, text
bold & underlined] Diplommatina constricta Marts. *
Ternate v. Martens 4826 a Martens leg [handwritten] /
Zoolog. Museum Berlin [printed, text bold & underlined]
Diancta constricta Marts. * Ternate Molukken 4826 b
Martens [handwritten].
Paralectotypes 9 adults MHUB [herewith designat¬
ed]: same labels as lectotype; 1 adult SMF [104 902]:
Ternate [not studied] [two shells are broken].
Additional material: 4adults, 2Juv. KGC: INDONESIA
E, North Moluccas, Tidore Is., [outer slope of] caldera of
Sabale volcano, 0°43’20”N, 127°26’16”E, 450-530 m,
29.VI.2013, secondary lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg.
K.Greke.
r
Lectotype designation: Syntype specimens of
D. constricta in MHUB are glued on a paper card
164
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
and arranged in three rows by three specinnens.
The central specinnen in the upper row (according
to the position of shells -apex up) is selected as the
lectotype.
References: Martens (1864a: 119), as Diplom-
matina Gruppe Diancta constricta; Pfeiffer (1865:
11); Martens (1867: 164, pi. 4 fig. 19), as Diplom-
matina Gruppe Diancta constricta; Nevill (1878:
290), as Diplommatina (Diancta) constricta; Ancey
(1887: 278); Smith E.A. (1896: 121), checklist;
Kobelt & von Mollendorff (1898: 135), checklist,
as Diancta subgen. Eudiancta constricta; Kobelt
(1902: 420); Wenz (1938: 483); Zilch (1953: 17,
pi. 6 fig. 85); van Benthem Jutting (1959: 29, 50);
Monk et al. (1997: 395); Egorov (2013: 25); Neu-
bert & Bouchet (2015: 8).
Measurements: Lectotype H = 4.6 mm, D = 2.7
mm. Selected paralectotypes: H = 4.7 mm, D = 2.8
mm; H = 4.7 mm, D = 2.6 mm. Selected specimens
from Tidore: H = 4.8 mm, D = 2.4 mm, HW = 2.2
mm, PD = 1.9 mm; H = 4.7 mm, D = 2.4 mm, HW =
2.7 mm, PD = 1.85 mm.
Description: Shell is large, creamy whitish to pale
yellow, sinistral, elongate, and rather broadly coni¬
cal. Shell with 6V2 strongly convex whorls, the IV2
embryonic whorl is microgranulate. Shell apex is
distinctly convex. The suture is rather deeply im¬
pressed. The penultimate whorl is large, strongly
bulbous. The ultimate whorl is constricted, de¬
scending, it is much narrower than the penulti¬
mate whorl in apertural view. The well-defined and
distinctly impressed constriction is situated in the
middle of the abapertural side of the shell. The um¬
bilicus is closed in adults. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with coarse, widely spaced and slightly sinu¬
ous axial ribs on the early and central whorls. The
ribs are delicate and abruptly denser prior to the
constriction becoming coarse and widely spaced
on the last half of the ultimate whorl. The ribs are
not or only partly synchronized with those on the
previous whorls. The ribs are oblique to the coiling
axis. There are 6-7 ribs per 1 mm, but 8-9 ribs on
the apertural side of the ultimate whorl above the
aperture. In fully grown specimens ribs becoming
much higher (somewhat paddle-like) near the su¬
ture. Extremely delicate and very dense spiral stri¬
ae on the teleoconch are visible at 48x magnifica¬
tion. The upper and lower sides of the penultimate
whorl are more or less parallel in apertural view.
Aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is cir¬
cular (but columellar side is nearly straight in cer¬
tain Tidore specimens), apertural rim is entire. The
aperture is shifted I eft against the coiling axis in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome
is double (this is barely visible in old specimens).
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The region beyond the outer peristome on
the ultimate whorl is marked with dense high sinu¬
ous axial ribs. The outer peristome is somewhat an-
gulate at palatal / parietal junction in fully grown
specimens. No palatalis and parietalis present. The
columella is shiny, obliquely twisted and forming a
flat columellaris coiling into the interior of the shell.
The operculum is circular, thick in lateral view, flat
with spiral lines on the inner surface and with a
broad hollow tubular projection on the outer side.
The projection is constricted toward the apex.
Phylogeny: Tidore specimens of this species fall
within clade E of Webster et al. (2012) and dem¬
onstrates some relationship with here described
Papuan Dipiommatina teinovi sp. nov. (consider
chapter “Phylogeny”).
Ecology: Tidore Island specimens were sampled
from the underside of wet fallen leaves in leaf lit¬
ter accumulated in a large depression in the rock.
Specimens observed in shady and wet secondary
lowland rainforest on the slope of an old, overgrown
caldera (clay soil).
Distribution: North Moluccas: Ternate, Tidore.
Conservation status: Endangered, EN Blab(i-
ii),B2ab(iii). The current EDO is ~40 km^, AGO - 12
km^. This species is known from two small islands
with active volcanoes with a dense and growing hu¬
man population. It is likely D. constricta also occurs
on neighbouring islands (for example, Hiri, Moti,and
the western arms of Halmahera). This species’ EDO
and AGO are likely at least twice what is currently
known, but definitively below 500 km^ for AGO. This
species was historically collected in primary forests,
but is now limited to secondary forests (primary
rainforest has not existed on either island for more
than 100 years). The main threat is habitat loss as
remaining secondary lowland rainforest is cleared
due to the expansion of human settlements (on Ter¬
nate island), wood consumption for various purpos¬
es (on both Ternate and Tidore islands) and conver¬
sion of rainforest into gardens and plantations (on
both Ternate and Tidore). Consideringthe size of the
EGO and its location on active volcanoes (patches
of rainforest only present on volcanic slopes above
400 m), a very large volcanic eruption on one of
the islands may in theory destroy half of the current
EGO (but considering the geological past of both
Ternate and Tidore, such a super-eruption is very
unlikely). This species is known from two locations.
The population is not severely fragmented as the
minimum distance between the islands is just 2.2
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
knn. Despite the distance being so short, gene flow
between subpopulations considered very low due
to absence of the habitat (forests) along the coast.
Snails can potentially travel on floating nnaterial be¬
tween two islands, but absence of suitable habitats
along the coastline nnakes re-colonization very dif¬
ficult. Transportation by birds or hunnan (with sub¬
strate or plants) fronn one island to another is the
most realistic scenario for gene exchange. Continu¬
ing decline is observed in extent and quality of habi¬
tat. Remaining lowland rainforests on Ternate and
Tidore to be protected and green corridors between
remaining forest patches to be maintained. Further
search for D. constricta localities is required on
neighbouring Hiri, Mare, and Moti islands and on
western Halmahera.
Diancta (s. str.) halmaherica sp. nov. (Fig. 9, plate
20 figs 1-10, map 5)
httD://zoobank.org/EAEA5341-4486-4E36-9C14-
058344ED1E02
Holotype NME: INDONESIA, prov. Maluku Utara (North
Moluccas), Halmahera tengah (Central), Weda Selatan
dist., Loleo vill. SW env., Tilope vill. env., 0°13’58,16”N
127°54’27,18”E, 12.IX.2007, limestone cave, soil sam¬
ple, leg. K.Greke.
Pa retypes 6 specimens: 1 adult, 1 juv. KGC INDONE¬
SIA, prov. Maluku Utara (North Moluccas), Halmahera
tengah (Central), Weda Selatan dist., Loleo vill. S env.,
Tilope vill. 10 km SW, way to Oham region, Gunung Ta-
laga mt., -100-150 m, 0°13’15,10”N 127°53’28,25”E,
13.IX.2007, primary & secondary lowland rainforest on
limestone, leg. K.Greke; 1 adult & 1 juv. NME, 2 adults
KGC: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas, central Halma¬
hera, valley of creek Moreala E of Weda, 0°19’47”N,
127°49’57”E, 200-210 m, 06.VII.2013, primary low¬
land rainforest on limestone, leaf litter, leg. K.Greke.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. The name de¬
rives from the locus typicus, north Moluccan Island
of Halmahera.
Measurements: Holotype H = 5.9 mm, D = 3 mm,
HW = 2.4 mm, PD = 2.2 mm. Selected paratypic
specimen from Tilope vill. env. H = 5.6 mm, D = 2.5
mm, HW = 2.4 mm, PD = 2 mm. Selected paratypic
specimen from Moreala creek valley: H = 6.2 mm,
D = 3 mm, HW = 2.8 mm, PD = 2.5 mm.
Description: Shell is large, pale brown to cream,
sinistral, elongate, and rather narrowly conical with
conical apex. Shell with 7-7V2 moderately convex
whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is smooth. The su¬
ture is rather deeply impressed. The penultimate
whorl is slightly bulbous. The ultimate whorl is con¬
stricted and descending, in apertural view narrower
than the penultimate whorl. The umbilicus is closed
in adults. The deep and well-defined constriction is
located on the abapertural side of the shell. The te-
leoconch is sculptured with widely spaced, sinuous
axial ribs on the early and central whorls (holotype
specimen with almost straight ribs on the apertural
side of the penultimate whorl). There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially
synchronized with those on previous whorls. The
ribs are oblique to the coiling axis. There are 10-
12 ribs per 1 mm (specimens from Moreala creek
valley have 11-12 ribs per 1 mm). Spaces between
ribs are smooth to finely granulate, without spiral
striae at 80x magnification. The upper and lower
sides of the penultimate whorl are not parallel in
apertural view. The aperture is not tilted against
the coiling axis, is oval and has entire apertural rim.
The aperture is shifted left against the coiling axis
in apertural view. The parietal margin of the peri¬
stome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peri¬
stome is double, the outer peristome has a wide
zone of dense irregularly sinuous growth lines in
left lateral view. The inner peristome forms a con¬
tinuous polished callus, its margins are not sinu¬
ous. The outer peristome is shifted backward on
basally. The palatal and basal margins of the outer
peristome are strongly sinuous. Four long longitudi¬
nal palatalis present beyond the constriction. The
columella is simple and broad. The operculum is
circular, with spiral lines on the inner surface form¬
ing a short and broad hollow median tube on the
outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: Compared to other Mo¬
luccan congeners, the shell of Diancta halmaheri¬
ca sp. nov. is slender. The shells of D. constricta
(Martens, 1864) and D. torta 0. Boettger, 1891 are
significantly broader. The upper and lower suture of
the penultimate whorl of D. halmaherica sp. nov.
are not parallel in apertural view. While the sutures
of D. constricta, D. multi pi icata von M Ollendorff,
1902, D. torta are parallel or nearly parallel. The
penultimate whorl of D. halmaherica sp. nov. is
not or weakly bulbous unlike the strongly bulbous
penultimate whorl of D. constricta and D. torta.
The penultimate whorl is almost as wide as previ¬
ous whorl in apertural view in D. halmaherica sp.
nov. The penultimate whorl distinctly wider than the
previous whorl in D. constricta, D. multiplicata, and
D. torta. The constriction of the penultimate whorl
is situated clearly abaperturally, not as in D. con¬
stricta, D. multiplicata, and D. torta where the con¬
striction is shifted aperturally. In D. torta, the upper
palatalis is shorter than the three lower palatalis
while teeth have the same length in D. halmaherica
sp. nov. The tubular projection of the operculum is
166
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
shorter and less broad in D. halmaherica sp. nov.
than in D. constricta.
Ecol ogy: Specinnens inhabit in leaf litter of prinnary
lowland rainforest on linnestone soil and in second¬
ary rainforest at the base of linnestone rocks.
Distribution: North Moluccas: southern arnn of
Hainnahera.
Conservation status: Vulnerable, VU Blab(iii),-
B2ab(iii). The current ECO is 14 knn^.The nnaxinnunn
ECO for this species is 4000 knn^ considering this
species’ possible distribution linnit on the southern
arnn and in central Hainnahera and the distribution
of linnestone soils in this region. The current AGO is
about 8 knn^. It is very unlikely that this species oc¬
curs throughout central and southern Hainnahera
(but definitively not on SE arnn of Hainnahera where
the research was carried out in 2013 by the Ento-
nnological Society of Latvia and this species was
not found). Considering the annount of available
habitat - prinnary and secondary lowland rainfor¬
est on linnestone soil the AGO likely is higher but
certainly below 500 knn^. Habitat loss and decline
in habitat quality caused by logging, conversion of
the forest into gardens and plantations, and expan¬
sion of settlennents in lowland areas considered
the nnain threats for this species. The forested part
of the nnaxinnunn ECO is decreasing. Between 2001
and 2014 about 16000 ha of the rainforest were
lost in this area (calculated for 25% canopy density
according to the Global Forest Watch (2016)) and
this forest continues to decline in extent and qual¬
ity. Considering the rapidly growing hunnan popula¬
tion on Hainnahera, this trend is likely to continue.
The population is not severely fragnnented. There
are 2 locations. Further research on Hainnahera is
necessary in order to clarify species’ distribution
and assess its population size and trend.
Diancta (s. str.) multi plicata von Mollendorff,
1902 (Plate 19 figs 11-13)
Holotype SMF: Diancta multiplicata Mdf Obi [handwrit¬
ten] / Senckenbg.Mus. [printed] 104901/1 [handwrit¬
ten] Frankfurt-M. [printed] Diancta (Diancta) multiplicata
Moellendorff [handwritten, underlined] Holotypus Obi-
Inseln. Waterstraat S., Rolle H. [handwritten] Sammiung
O.v.Moellendorff [printed].
Additional specimens: 3 specimens NMNL: Diancta
3504a multiplicata MIdff. Fruhst. 1004 [handwritten,
black frame] / RIJKSMUSEUM NAT. HIST LEIDEN [print¬
ed] Diancta multiplicata Mlldff. H.Fruhstorfer 1904 Obi
eilanden [handwritten] / NOB Naturalis - Leiden [un¬
derlined] Diplommatinidae 40420 Diancta multiplicata
Moellendorff RMNH.M0L156217 [printed] / 2a [hand¬
written]; 1 specimen NMNL: [upper side of the label] Di¬
ancta multiplicata Mlldff. Obi. [underside of the label]
Obi Fruhst [both sides handwritten].
References: von Mollendorff (1902: 194); Zilch
(1953: 18, pi. 6 fig. 87); van Benthenn Jutting
(1959: 29, 50); Monk et al. (1997: 395).
Measurennents: Holotype H = 6.2 nnnn, D = 2.5
nnnn, PD = 2.5 nnnn.
Description: Shell is large, pale yellow with or¬
ange coloured apical whorls, sinistral, elongate, and
rather narrowly conical with conical apex. Shell with
6V2 slightly convex whorls, the IV2 ennbryonic whorl
is snnooth. The suture is rather deeply innpressed.
The penultinnate whorl is large and bulbous. The
ultinnate whorl is constricted, descending, it is nar¬
rower than the penultinnate whorl in apertural view.
The unnbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is
situated on the abapertural side of the shell, it is
well defined by a short deep impression. The teleo-
conch is sculptured with delicate and dense axial
ribs. The ribs on the 4^^-5^^ whorls are strongly sinu¬
ous and more widely-spaced than on preceding or
younger whorls. The ribs are denser and almost
straight on both the penultimate and the ultimate
whorls. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling
axis. There are 13 ribs per 1 mm, with finely gran¬
ulate spaces between them and without any indi¬
cation of spiral striae. The upper and lower sides
of the penultimate whorl are more or less parallel
in apertural view. The aperture is not tilted to the
coiling axis and is circular and has entire apertural
rim. The parietal margin of the peristome is not
fully attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome
is double, consists of dense irregularly sinuous la¬
mellae. The inner peristome forms a continuous
broad polished callus, its margins are not sinuous.
The palatal margin of the outer peristome is slightly
sinuous. No specimens were available to study the
internal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: North Moluccas: Obi Islands. Exact
locality is unknown, therefore a distribution map is
not given.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from series of specimens collect¬
ed more than 100 years ago and without exact lo¬
cality data but island name known. This species has
not been collected again. Its habitat and threats re¬
main unknown. Further research is required to as¬
sess the distribution of this species, its population
size, trend and threats.
Remark: Additional specimens from Obi in NMNL
(van Benthem Jutting 1959) were not studied.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Diancta (s. str.) obiensis sp. nov. (Fig. 10, plate 20
figs 11-14, nnap 5)
httD://zoobank.org/B7998F97-2A58-47F3-8A0A-
D5F36BAD42BC
Holotype UF (No 426418): UF 426418 Mollusca,
Diplonnnnatinidae 1-spec. Palaina sp. 12 Indonesia, Ma¬
luku Utara province Obi island, border of garden and
rainforest 2.3 knn N Woi gardens and rainforest 150 nne-
ters -1.7045° 127.6067° John Slacpinsky 26 Oct 2008,
JDS-0942 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
[correct nanne for this locality is Wai].
Paratype 1 specinnen UF: UF: 1 specinnen UF 426396
Mollusca, Diplonnnnatinidae 1-spec. Palaina sp. 12 Indo¬
nesia, Maluku Utara province Obi island, W shore of Da¬
na u Sagu, 8 km NNE of Kawassi burned forest 250 me¬
ters -1.5172° 127.4514° John Slacpinsky 23 Oct 2008,
JDS-0941 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
[correct name for this locality is Kawasi].
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. Nanned after the
area of origin. Obi Islands in North Moluccas.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 4.6 nnnn, D = 2.9
mm, HW = 2.3 mm, PD = 2 mm. Paratype: H = 5.1
mm, D = 2.8 mm, HW = 2.3 mm, PD = 2.1 mm.
Description: Shell is large, creamy whitish, sinis-
tral, elongate, and rather broadly conical with coni¬
cal apex. Shell with 6V2 strongly convex whorls,
the IV2 embryonic whorl is smooth. The suture is
impressed. The penultimate whorl is large and bul¬
bous. The ultimate whorl is constricted, descend¬
ing, it is distinctly narrower than the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in
adult. The constriction is situated on the right side
of the shell in holotype, but almost on the abap-
ertural size of the shell - in paratype. On the early
and the central whorls the teleoconch is sculptured
with rather coarse and very widely-spaced, slightly
sinuous axial ribs. The ribs becoming denser on the
apertural side of the ultimate whorl, then appear¬
ing coarse and very widely-spaced again on the rest
of this whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique to
the coiling axis. There are 7-9 ribs per 1 mm, but 10-
11 ribs on the apertural side of the ultimate whorl.
Spaces between ribs are finely granulate, without
indication of spiral striae. The upper and lower side
of the penultimate whorl are more or less parallel
in apertural view. The aperture is tilted about 15°
to the coiling axis and is circular (columellar rim is
nearly straight) and has entire apertural rim. In ap¬
ertural view aperture is strongly shifted left against
the coiling axis. The parietal margin of the peri¬
stome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peri¬
stome is double, margins are not or slightly sinu¬
ous. There is one distinct short transverse palatalis
just before the constriction. The columella is broad
and shiny. Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Very similar to D/ancta
torta 0. Boettger, 1891 (North Moluccas), but spe¬
cifically differs in higher spire, less stronger bul¬
bous penultimate whorl and in presence of single
palatalis (four palatalis in D. torta).
Ecology: This species inhabits leaf litter of primary
and secondary lowland rainforests, as well as gar¬
dens.
Distribution: Southernmost North Moluccas: Obi
Islands, Obira Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from 2 localities. Not enough data
available to calculate current ECO. The maximum
ECO estimated below 5000 km^ taking into ac¬
count the area of Obi Islands. The current AGO is 8
km^. The maximum AGO is likely much higher, but
less than 500 km^. The population size and trend
are unknown. Currently there are two locations, but
more than 5 locations are estimated when consid¬
ering the maximum ECO. The main threat is habitat
loss and decline in habitat quality caused by log¬
ging, mining, conversion of rainforest into gardens,
plantations and settlements. The forested part of
the maximum ECO has decreased between 2001
and 2014 and more than 14000 ha of rainforest
were lost on Obira Island (calculated for canopy
density over 25%, according to the Global Forest
Watch (2016). Continuing decline in extent and
quality of habitat is observed. Considering growing
human population, this trend is likely to continue.
Further research is required to assess the distribu¬
tion of this species, its population size, trend and
threats.
Diancta (s. str.) torta 0. Boettger, 1891 (Plate 21
figs 1-5, map 5)
Lectoty pe SMF: (Diancta) torta n. sp. Insel Batjan. x D?
Ad. Strubell 90. [handwritten] / Senckenbg.Mus. [prin¬
ted] 104908/1 [handwritten] Frankfurt-M. [printed] Di¬
ancta (Diancta) torta Boettger [underlined] Lectotypus!
T.4 F.6 Insel Batjan A. Strubell 1890 [handwritten] Sam-
m lung 0. Boettger [printed].
Paralectotypes3 specimens SMF: Diancta torta Bttg
XX Batjian [sic!] [handwritten, label yellow] / Senckenbg.
Mus. [printed] 104909/3 [handwritten] Frankfurt-M.
[printed] Diancta (Diancta) torta Boettger [underlined]
Paratypen Insel Batjan A. Strubell d. [handwritten] Sam-
mlung O.v.Moellendorff [printed].
References: Boettger 0. (1891: 288); Smith E.A.
(1896: 121), checklist; Kobelt & von Mollendorff
(1898: 135), checklist, as Diancta subgen. Eu-
168
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
diancta torta); Kobelt (1902: 420); Zilch (1953: 18,
pi. 6 fig. 86); van Benthenn Jutting (1959: 29, 50);
Monk etal. (1997: 395).
Measurennents: Lectotype H = 4.1 nnnn, D = 2.5
mm, HW = 1.9 mm, PD = 1.7 mm. Selected para-
lectotypes: H = 3.6 mm, D = 2 mm, HW = 1.8 mm,
PD = 1.45 mm; H = 3.4 mm, D = 2.2 mm, HW = 1.7
mm, PD = 1.4 mm.
Description: Shell is large, creamy whitish to
pale yellow, sinistral, elongate, and rather broadly
conical. Shell with 5V4-6V4 strongly convex whorls,
the IV2 embryonic whorl is smooth. Shell apex is
distinctly convex. The suture is rather deeply im¬
pressed. The penultimate whorl is large, strongly
bulbous. The ultimate whorl is constricted, descend¬
ing, it is distinctly narrower than the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in
adult. The constriction is situated on the abaper-
tural side of the shell, it is well defined by a short
deep impression. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse widely-spaced, slightly sinuous axial ribs on
the earlier and the central whorls. The ribs becom¬
ing coarse and very widely-spaced on the last half
whorl. There are abrupt changes in the ribbing pat¬
tern around the area of constriction - axial ribs be¬
coming much denser here than on the rest of the
shell. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling
axis. There are 7 ribs per 1 mm, but 10-11 ribs on
the apertural side of the ultimate whorl. Spaces
between ribs are finely granulate, without indica¬
tion of spiral striae. The upper and lower side of the
penultimate whorl are more or less parallel in ap¬
ertural view. The aperture is not tilted to the coiling
axis and is circular (but the columellarside is nearly
straight) and has entire apertural rim. The aperture
is strongly shifted left against the coiling axis in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is not fully attached to the ultimate whorl. The peri¬
stome is double. The outer peristome consists of
dense irregularly sinuous lamellae in lateral view.
The margins of both peristomes are not or slightly
sinuous. It is unclear if there is a parietalis (not vis¬
ible through the shell wall in historical specimens).
Four distinct transverse palatalis situated just be¬
fore the constriction, of which upper one is consid¬
erably shorter than three another. The columella is
simple and broad. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Possibly this species inhabits leaf litter of
lowland rainforests.
Distribution: North Moluccas: Bacan Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from 4 specimens collected more
than 100 years ago from one locality and has never
been collected again. Further research is required
to clarify status of this species in the wild, assess
its distribution, population size, trend and highlight
threats.
Diplommatina s. I. Benson, 1849
Type species: Bulimus folliculus L.G.K. Pfeiffer,
1846 (original designation)
Diagnosis: Shell is more or less conical, either
dextral or sinistral. The constriction contains teeth,
the columellaris is present and usually visible in
the aperture. According to Vermeulen & Whitten
(1998), the constriction of Diplommatina contains
two or more longitudinal teeth. The operculum
lacks spiral ridges in studied Papuan taxa but of¬
ten with spiral lines. Based on the presence of the
columellaris, Vermeulen (1993) suggested Diplom¬
matina may be a monophyletic group. Genetic data
supports this assertion (Webster et al. 2012).
Remark: This genus is conchologically aberrant
and polymorphic. As a result, numerous attempts
have been made to split Diplommatina into smaller
genera and subgenera (Table 6; next page). The set
of conchological characters used to establishing
these groups appear polyphyletic with some spe¬
cies sharing many characters and others only a few
of them. I generally follow Vermeulen (1993) in my
revision and do not use many of the subgenera for
Diplommatina, except for Diancta Martens, 1864
and Moussonia 0. Semper, 1865 which I consider
good genera. Further data from anatomical or mo¬
lecular studies are needed to test shell characters
used to define these groups.
Distribution: This genus has the largest distribu¬
tion of all Diplommatinidae extending from India in
the west to Fiji in the East, from Japan and China in
the north to Australia in the South.
Diversity in the study area: Twenty-two spe¬
cies hitherto confirmed (Table 7; next page).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Table 6. Satellite taxa of Diplommatina Benson, 1849 other than Diancta Martens, 1864
and Moussonia 0. Sennper, 1865 (according to Egorov 2013).
Table 7. Characters nnatrixS. Genus Diplommatina Benson.
Legends: + present; - absent; +/- or 1/2 - character indistinct; ? - unknown; r = axial ribs on the penultinnate
whorl straight (1) or sinuous (2); rp = ribbing pattern widely-spaced throughout the teleoconch (1), dense (2) or rib¬
bing pattern changing in different parts of the teleoconch (3); ss - spiral striae visible at 80x nnagnification (-i-) or
not indicated (-); I = axial ribs developed in a fornn of lannellae (+) or not (-); u = unnbilicus open (-i-) or closed (-);p =
Peristonne is sinnple (1) or double (2); pt = nunnber of palatalis; prt = nunnber of parietalis; d = dextral or s = sinistral.
Diplommatina (s. I.) baliana Fulton, 1899 (Plate
21 figs 6-9)
Syntypes D. baliana, 3 adults BMNH: Diplonnnnatina
baliana Fulton Bali Isl. [handwritten] / Prob Syntypes la¬
bel in Pultons hand - JDA 2016 [handwritten].
Additional nnaterial: 2 adults KGC: INDONESIA, Bali
Is., Gunung Mesehe mt., 08° 17’29.9”S, 114°41’49.4”E,
460 nn, 17.111.2011, prinnary lowland rainforest, soil
sannple No 2, leg. A.Riedel; 5 adults KGC & 6 adults
NME: INDONESIA, Bali Is., Gunung Mesehe mt., 08° 17’
40.3”S, 114°41’42.4”E, 515 m, 17.111.2011, primary
lowland rainforest, soil sample No 3, leg. A.Riedel; 2
adults KGC & 2 adults NME: INDONESIA, Bali Is., Gu¬
nung Mesehe mt., 08°17’46.6”S, 114°41’33.1”E, 490
m, 17.111.2011, primary lowland rainforest, soil sample
No 4, leg. A.Riedel; 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA, Bali Is., Gu¬
nung Mesehe mt., 08°16’45.4”S, 114°41’72.5”E, 825
m, 18.111.2011, primary lowland rainforest, soil sample
No 8, leg. A.Riedel; 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA, Bali Is., Gu¬
nung Batukaru mt., 08°2r98”S, 115°05’94.5”E, 945
m, 31.111.2011, primary lowland rainforest, soil sample
No 2, leg. A.Riedel; 6 adults KGC & 6 adults NME: IN¬
DONESIA, Bali is., Primatani Nature park, Telaga, Bu-
sungbiu - Pupuan, 08°17’32.6”S, 114°56’67.1”E, 630
m, 02.IV.2011, primary lowland rainforest, soil sample
No 1, leg. A.Riedel; 3 adults KGC: INDONESIA, Bali Is.,
Primatani Nature park, Telaga, Busungbiu - Pupuan,
08°17’30.4”S, 114°56’63.5”E, 625 m, 02.IV.2011, pri¬
mary lowland rainforest, soil sample No 2, leg. A.Riedel.
170
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
References: Fulton (1899: 213, 216) as Diplom-
matina Baliana; van Benthenn Jutting (1928: 154);
Rensch B. (1931: 386), as Diplommatina (Dipl.)
baliana] van Benthenn Jutting (1958b: 95); Monk
et al. (1997: 395), as Diplommatina cyclostoma]
Vernneulen & Whitten (1998: 47, 138), proposed
synonymy with D. cyclostoma] Nurinsiyah & Haus-
dorf (2017: 222-225), revised status.
Measurements: Selected syntype H = 2.5 mm, D
= 1.2 mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish or pale or¬
ange, dextral, narrow and high conical with con¬
vex apex. Shell with 6-6 V2 convex whorls, the IV2
embryonic whorl is smooth. The suture is rather
deeply impressed. The penultimate whorl incon¬
spicuously bulbous, it is slightly wider than the
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is poorly defined
by a short and shallow impression and the suture
becoming deeply impressed above the constriction.
The constriction is more or less centered in aper¬
tural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with dense
and rather coarse straight axial ribs. There are no
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are
partially synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. There
are 12 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are delicate
and dense. The aperture is tilted about 20° to the
coiling axis and is circular and has entire apertural
rim. The aperture is more or less centered below
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The pari¬
etal margin of the peristome is not fully attached
to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms
a broad polished callus on the palatal, basal and
columellar sides. The peristome is double, consists
of numerous flat sinuous axial lamellae in lateral
view. The inner peristome somewhat sinuous at the
parietal / palatal junction. The palatal margin of the
outer peristome is slightly sinuous at the parietal
/ palatal Junction. There is one parietalis. There is
one long longitudinal palatalis positioned opposite
the columellar side of the aperture and one trans¬
verse palatalis. The columellar denticle distinct, not
directed downwards. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Specimens inhabit leaf litter and vegeta¬
tion in primary and secondary lowland to mid-mon¬
tane rainforests. Observed on both limestone and
volcanic soils from lowlands up to 2900 m.
Phylogeny: As a result of 001 analysis of speci¬
mens from East Java, this species represents same
clade with Diplommatina species from mainland
Asia (e.g. Malay D. demorgani La id law, 1949 & Si¬
amese D. hidagal Panha, 1997) and Sumatra (D.
canallculata von Mollendorff, 1886 & D. ventrlcu-
lus von Mollendorff, 1891).
Distribution: Java, Madura; Lesser Sunda Is¬
lands: Bali, Sumba. No exact locality is known from
Sumba, therefore a distribution map is not given.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 150000 km^. The current
AGO is about 160 km^, however the maximum AGO
likely be significantly higher. This species inhabits
lower to mid montane rainforests in Java and Bali
(primarily because of degraded or absent habitat
at lower altitudes). No information is available on
population size and trend, but on Bali this spe¬
cies is not rare in suitable habitat. The main threat
for this species was not identified. This species is
widespread compared to most other Diplommatini¬
dae. The population on Java is severely fragmented
(Nurinsiyah & Hausdorf 2017), but this is not the
case with Bali. Population fragmentation grade is
unknown for Sumba and Madura, since the single
record is currently known from each of these is¬
lands. There are at least five locations. Further re¬
search is required to highligh threats for D. ballana.
Diplommatina (s. I.) decollata van Benthem Jut¬
ting, 1958 (Plate 21 figs 10-13, map 13)
Holotype NHMB: Holotypus [handwritten] / Diplomma-
tina St.682 Holotypus decollata [handwritten] / Zoolog.
Museum. Amsterdam, [printed] no. 682 Diplommatina
decollata (n. sp.) Langgaliru. Zentral Sumba ± 430 m.
Hohe 27. ix- 14.x. 1949 Sumba Exp. 1949 [handwritten] /
HOLOTYPUS [printed, label pink, glued on glass] / 6079
a Sumba, Langgaliru [printed].
Pa retypes 40 specimens NHMB: 33 adults, 5 Juv.:
Diplommatina decollata n. sp. [handwritten] / Zoolog.
Museum. Amsterdam, [printed] no. 308 Diplommatina
decollata n. sp Mau Marru, Ost Sumba ± 520m. Hohe
18-23 Juli 1949 Sumba Expedition 1949 [handwritten]
/ 5 St. Zool.Mus. Amsterdam [handwritten] / Naturhist.
Museum Basel Coll. Dr. Buhler Dr. Sutter 1949 Mau Mar¬
ru Sumba 308a [printed] / 6079 b Sumba [printed] /
PARATYPOIDE [printed, label light green, glued on glass]
[correct name for this locality is Mau Maru]; 2 adults:
6079 a Sumba, Langgaliru [printed] / PARATYPOIDE
[printed, label light green, glued on glass] / Paratypen
[handwritten].
References: van Benthem Jutting, (1958b: 95, pi.
1 fig. 2); Monk et al. (1997: 395).
Measurements (adult shells are decollate): Ho¬
lotype H = 2 mm, D = 0.9 mm, HW = 0.8 mm, PD =
0.68 mm. Selected paratypic specimens from Mau
Maru: H = 2 mm, D = 0.9 mm, HW = 0.8 mm, PD =
0.6 mm; H = 1.8 mm, D = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.57 mm.
Description: Shell is small, corneous, dextral, nar-
rowand high conical. Shell apex is convex in Juvenile
(non decollate) specimens. Shell with 5-6 slightly
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
convex whorls (adult shell is decollate). The suture
is nnoderately deeply innpressed. The ultinnate whorl
is constricted, it is strongly narrower than the pen-
ultinnate whorl in apertural view. The unnbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is poorly defined by
a very shallow innpression. The constriction is nnore
or less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch
is sculptured with delicate dense, straight axial
ribs. The ribs beconning sonnewhat nnore widely-
spaced on the ultinnate whorl. There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially
synchronized with those of the previous whorls and
are oblique to the coiling axis. There are 12-13 ribs
per 0.5 nnnn. Spiral striae are very delicate. The ap¬
erture is tilted about 10° to the coiling axis and is
circular and has entire apertural rinn. The aperture
is slightly shifted right against the coiling axis in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal nnargin of the peristonne
is connpletely attached to the ultinnate whorl. The
peristonne is double, thin and consists of a few
close-standing lannellae in lateral view. The nnargins
of the inner peristonne are not sinuous. The palatal
nnargin of the outer peristonne is sinuous. There is
one distinct colunnellar denticle, not directed down¬
wards. No specinnens were available to study the
internal lannellae. Operculunn is unknown.
Ecology: This species inhabits both prinnary and
secondary lowland rainforests, found both in sea¬
sonally dry and year-round wet habitats in leaf litter,
on and under decaying wood.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Sunnba Is¬
land.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is currently known from three localities.
The current EDO is 43 km^. The maximum EDO
estimated about 10000 km^ taking into account
the area of Sumba Island and forested area. The
current AGO is 12 km^, but the maximum AGO is
likely higher, but definitively below the threshold of
500 km^. This species inhabits both primary and
secondary rainforests under various soil humid¬
ity conditions (year-round wet and seasonally dry).
Threats for this species are not fully understood.
Habitat loss considered the main threat, but since
D. decollata also reported from degraded forests,
the importance of this threat remains to be clari¬
fied. Population fragmentation grade is not clear.
There are at least two locations. Further research is
required to clarify status of this species in the wild,
assess its distribution, population size, trend and
highlight threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) floresiana E.A. Smith, 1897
(Fig. 112, plate 22 figs 1-7, map 12)
Lectotype BMNH [herewith designated]: Diplonn. Flore¬
siana Snn. S. Flores. 4000 ft. 97.8.3.75-4 [handwritten]
/ Floresiana, Smith I. Flores [handwritten].
Additional nn ate rial: 4 adults KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa
Tenggara, Flores Is., Ranannese Lake, 08°37.024’S,
120°33’40”E, 1270 nn, 08.111.2011, prinnary lower mon¬
tane rainforest, soil sample No 3, leg. A.Riedel; 3 adults
KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka
mt, 08°38.099’S, 120°31.745’E, 2205 m, 09.111.2011,
primary mid montane rainforest, soil sample No 3, leg.
A. Riedel.
Note: D. floresiana was described from 5 speci¬
mens (3 adults & 2 juv.). In the description. Smith
E.A. (1897a: 626) described axial ribbing pattern
as “oblique tenuiter costellata” but has not speci¬
fied how dense the axial ribs are. Later, in the same
description Smith pointed on “variability” of the
aforementioned character: “In one specimen the
riblets near the constriction of the body-whorl are
much closer together than those upon the rest of
the shell”. In fact, of three adult shells two have
denser ribs on the ultimate whorl above the aper¬
ture. The type series of D. floresiana consists of
two distinct but conchologically similar species.
The true D. floresiana is presented only by the lec¬
totype I herewith designate. Two other adult shells
with denser ribbed ultimate whorl are herewith
designated as paralectotypes and described below
as D. jonabletti sp. nov. Both species share same
habitat on Flores Island and are also represented
in recently collected material. It is impossible to
properly identify and assign to species the two juv.
paralectotypes [herewith designated] of D. floresl-
ana’s type series. The ultimate whorl and the con¬
striction are not developed in these specimens and
important diagnostic characters are therefore not
present. These two shells are supplemented with a
label “Diplommatina sp. det. K.Greke, 2016”.
References: Smith E.A. (1897a: 626); Kobelt &
von Mollendorff (1898: 139), checklist, as Diplom¬
matina subgen. Pseudopalaina floresiana; Rensch
B. (1931: 389), as Diplommatina (Pseudopalaina)
floresiana; Kobelt (1902: 452), as Diplommatina
(P[seudopalaina]) floresiana; Rensch B. (1931:
389), as Diplommatina (Pseudopalaina) floresiana.
Measurements: Holotype H = 3 mm, D = 1.75
mm, HW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.3 mm. Selected speci¬
mens from Lake Ranamese env.: H = 3 mm, D = 1.8
mm, HW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.25 mm; H = 2.9 mm,
D = 1.6 mm, HW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.25 mm. Se¬
lected specimens from Ranaka mt.: H = 2.85 mm,
D = 1.65 mm, HW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.2 mm; H = 2.9
172
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
nnm, D = 1.8 nnnn, HW = 1.6 nnnn, PD = 1.3 nnnn.
Description: Shell is snnall, corneous to pale red¬
dish, sinistral, obese with convex apex. Shell with 6
convex whorls, the IV2 ennbryonic whorl is micros-
triate. The suture is rather deeply impressed. The
ultimate whorl is nearly as wide as the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in
adult. The constriction is poorly defined by a very
shallow impression and minor changes in ribbing
pattern (few of the ribs are placed denser at the
constriction). The constriction is more or less cen¬
tered in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with coarse, widely-spaced, slightly sinuous
to almost straight axial ribs. There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and are
slightly oblique to the coiling axis. There are about
6-7 ribs per 1 mm, but they become somewhat
more widely-spaced on the apertural side of the ul¬
timate whorl. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture
is slightly tilted to the coiling axis, subquadrate and
has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or
less centered below the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is
double, with obtuse angulations on the palatal and
columellar sides. The palatal and basal margins
of both tperistomes are sinuous. Both the inner
and the outer peristomes reflexed on the palatal
(strongly), basal and columellar sides. There is one
acute parietalis. There is one short longitudinal pal-
atalis situated above the columellar side of the ap¬
erture. There is one distinct narrow columellar den¬
ticle directed downwards in fully grown specimens
(but also can be more or less strongly reduced). The
operculum is primitive - circular and without con¬
centric ridges.
Ecology: Specimens inhabit wet leaf litter and the
underside of decaying wood. This species occurs in
primary lower to mid montane rainforests and was
reported from altitudes of 1200-2205 m. Both re¬
cent and historical material comes from areas on
volcanic soils.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores Island.
Record from southern Sulawesi (Rensch B. 1931),
almost certainly based on misidentified specimen,
was not included into the checklist of Sulawesi ter¬
restrial molluscs (Maassen 1997) and needs fur¬
ther confirmation.
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. The
current EDO is around 1000 km^. The maximum
EDO estimated about 15000 km^ taking into ac¬
count the area of Flores Island (13540 km^) and
adjacent islands. The current AGO is about 12 km^.
however the maximum AGO likely be much higher
since this species is underresearched, but defini¬
tively below 500 km^. No information is available on
population size or population trends, but in certain
areas Diplommatina floresiana is not uncommon.
This species inhabits moist litter of lower to mid
montane rainforests and is not found in arid and
deforested lowlands. The population is not severely
fragmented, but fragmentation is likely to increase.
Main threats for this species are Habitat loss and
alteration due conversion of the rainforests into
gardens as well as timber collecting and small-
scale logging. Growing human population on Flores
combined with more frequent and longer dry peri¬
ods caused by global warming and El Nino weather
patterns will likely have continued negative effect
on the remaining natural rainforests of Flores. Be¬
tween 2001 and 2014, Flores, its adjacent islands
of Lembata, Adonara, Solor and Rinca lost almost
29000 ha of primarily lowland forest (calculated for
canopy density over 25% according to the Global
Forest Watch (2016). Human population is not
spreading significantly from the lowlands to the
montane areas, but wet mountains are primarily
threatened by expanding small-scale gardens and
logging for construction purposes. These trends are
likely to cause a continuing decline in the AGO and
extent of the habitat. Gurrently there are three lo¬
cations for D. floresiana. The human population is
not encroaching on the habitat yet, but a continu¬
ing decline in the near future is projected based on
the known trend of forest loss because of human
activities and climate change. Further research is
required to assess the distribution of this species,
its population size, trend and threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) fioris B. Rensch, 1931 (Fig.
13, plate 23 figs 1-6, map 12)
Holotype MHUB: Sunda-Expedition Rensch Fundort:
[printed] Wae Reno (1000 m) W. Flores [handwritten]
Datum: [printed] 25.6.27 [handwritten] No: [printed] /
Zoolog. Museum Berlin [printed] Diplommatina (Sinica)
fioris Rensch * Wae Reno, W. Flores 1000m 75429
Rensch [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin. Typus
von: [printed] Diplommatina (Sinica) fioris Rensch Zool.
Jahrb. Syst., 61, p. 387, Fig. 12, 1931 [handwritten] [la¬
bel red].
Pa retypes 3 adults MHUB: Sunda-Expedition Rensch
Fundort: [printed] Wae Reno (1000 m) W. Flores [hand¬
written] Datum: [printed] 25.6.27 [handwritten] No:
[printed] / Dipl. (Sinica) fioris Paratypen. Rensch [hand¬
written] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin [printed] Diplomma¬
tina (Sinica) fioris Rensch Wae Reno, W.FIores 1000m
75430 Rensch [handwritten].
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
References: Rensch B. (1931: 387), as Diplom-
matina (Sinica) floris.
Measurennents (adult shells are decollated): Ho-
lotype H = 2.1 mm, D = 1.05 mm, HW = 1 mm, PD =
0.7 mm. Selected paratype H = 2.1 mm, D = 1 mm,
PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is small, white, dextral, narrow
fusiform. Shell with 5V2 convex whorls (adult shell
is decollated), number of embryonic whorls is un¬
known. The suture is moderately deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is about as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is poorly defined by
a very shallow impression. The constriction is more
or less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch
is sculptured with coarse, dense, straight axial ribs.
There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern.
The ribs are partially synchronized with those of the
previous whorls and are straight to the coiling axis.
There are about 23-25 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral stri¬
ae not visible at 80x magnification, but is present
according to the original description. The aperture
is not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The parietal margin of the peristome is at¬
tached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is dou¬
ble, thin in lateral view. The inner peristome forms
a continuous polished callus. Peristomal margins
are not sinuous. One distinct broad columellar den¬
ticle, not directed downwards. No specimens were
available to study the internal lamellae of the shell,
but one transverse palatalis is visible through the
shell wall. The columella is obliquely twisted, form¬
ing an oblique median columellaris. Operculum is
unknown.
Ecology: According to the original description, this
species occurs in leaf litter of primary [montane]
rainforests.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Cur¬
rently not enough data available to calculate cur¬
rent EOO and AOO. The maximum EOO for this
species estimated 9000 km^ taking into account
the area of Flores and present distribution of mid
montane rainforests on this island. This species is
known from a series of specimens collected from
one locality over 80 years ago and has not been
collected again. The population size and trend are
unknown. The main threat to this species is likely to
be habitat alteration alteration. Between 2001 and
2014, Flores has lost over 17000 ha of the rainfor¬
est (calculated for canopy density over 25% accord¬
ing to the Global Forest Watch (2016)), primarily in
lowland forests. Further research is required to as¬
sess the distribution of this species, its population
size, trend and threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) fluminis B. Rensch, 1931 (Fig.
11, plate 23 figs 7-13, map 12)
Holotype MHUB: was not available for this study.
Paratypes 13 adults MHUB: Sunda-Expedition Rensch
Fundort: [printed] Waingapoe, Sumba Kambera-Genist
[handwritten] Datum: [printed] 27.7.27 [handwritten] No:
[printed] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin [printed, underlined]
Diplommatina (Sinica ?) fluminis Paratypen! Rensch
Waingapoe, Sumba KamberaGenist 75437 Rensch
[handwritten].
Additional material 2 adults MHUB: Zoolog. Muse¬
um Berlin [printed, underlined] 79579 Diplommatina
fluminis B. Rensch Genist bei Noilmina W. Timor Ig. Stein
1.11.32 [handwritten].
References: Rensch B. (1931: 388), as Diplom¬
matina (Sinica ?) fluminis; Rensch (1933: 496), as
Diplommatina (Sinica ?) fluminis; Rensch B. (1935:
312, 314); Forcart (1936: 138), as Diplommatina
(Sinica) fluminis; van Benthem Jutting (1958b:
95); Monk et al. (1997: 395); Vermeulen & Whitten
(1998: 49, 138).
Measurements: Five selected paratypes (all
adult shells are decollated): H = 1.7 mm, D = 0.9
mm, PD = 0.6 mm; H = 1.7 mm, D = 0.9 mm, PD =
0.6 mm; H = 1.9 mm, D = 0.9 mm, PD = 0.6 mm;
H = 1.7 mm, D = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.55 mm; H = 1.85
mm, D = 0.9 mm, PD = 0.6 mm;
Description: Shell is very small, white, slightly
translucent, dextral, narrow fusiform. Shell with
5V2 strongly convex whorls, number of embryonic
whorls is unknown. The suture is deeply impressed.
The penultimate whorl is bulbous. The ultimate
whorl is constricted and ascending, it is narrower
than the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is
poorly defined by a short and shallow impression.
The constriction is situated beyond the aperture in
apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse, very widely-spaced, straight or slightly sinu¬
ous axial ribs. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are straight to
the coiling axis. There are about 5 ribs per 0.5 mm.
The ribs becoming twice denser on the apertural
side of the ultimate whorl. Spiral striae are not vis¬
ible at 80x magnification, but is present according
to the original description. The aperture is slightly
tilted to the coiling axis and is circular and has en¬
tire apertural rim. The aperture is slightly shifted
right against the coiling axis in apertural view. The
174
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
parietal nnargin of the peristonne is attached to the
ultinnate whorl. The peristonne is double, thin in lat¬
eral view. The inner peristonne fornns a continuous
narrow polished callus. Margins of both peristonnes
are not sinuous. There is one parietalis. The colu-
nnella is thin, obliquely twisted, fornning an oblique
colunnellaris in its basal third. One distinct broad
colunnellar denticle, not directed downwards. Colu-
nnellar denticle is double in certain paratypes (see
Plate 23 fig. 13). Operculunn is unknown.
Ecology: This species inhabits both prinnary and
secondary lowland rainforests and was found in
leaf litter and under decaying wood in both season¬
ally dry and year-round wet habitats, as well as in
riverside debris. It is also reported from agricultural
land (Vermeulen & Whitten 1998). It occurs from
sea level up to 800 m and prefers limestone soils.
Distribution: Bali, Nusa Penida. Lesser Sunda Is¬
lands: Flores Island, Sumba Island, western part of
Timor Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. The
current EDO is about 100000 km^. The current AGO
is about 28 km^, but the maximum AGO is likely
much higher. The maximum EGO for this species
estimated about 150000 km^ considering its large
distribution area. This species seems not rare, but
the population size and trend are unknown. The
main threat cannot be identified (especially consid¬
ering the fact that D. fluminis is also found in sec¬
ondary rainforest and in agricultural land). Further
research is required to assess the distribution of
this species, its population size, trend and threats.
Note: It is likely specimens from Bali and Nusa
Penida belong to different, yet undescribed species
since columellar denticle is less prominent and
smaller in these specimens and their shells are
less slender than in specimens from Lesser Sunda
Islands.
Diplommatina (s. I.) javana von Mollendorff, 1897
(Fig. 12, plate 23 figs 14-18, map 13)
= Diplommatina javana orientalis B. Rensch,
1931 (Plate 23 figs 14-18)
Holotype Diplommatina Javana orientalis MHUB: Sun-
da-Expedition Rensch Fundort: [printed] Geli Moetoe
(1300 m) Flores [handwritten] Datum: [printed] 21.7.27
[handwritten] No: [printed] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin
[printed] Diplommatina (Sinica) Javana orientalis Rensch
* Geli Moetoe W. Flores 1300m. 75431 Rensch [hand¬
written] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin. Typus von: [printed]
Diplommatina (Sinica) Javana orientalis Rensch Zool.
Jahrb. Syst., 61, p. 387, 1931 [handwritten] [label red].
Paratypes Diplommatina Javana orientalis: 3 adults
MFIUB: Sunda-Expedition Rensch Fundort: [printed] Wae
Reno (1000 m) W. Flores [handwritten] Datum: [printed]
25.6.27 [handwritten] No: [printed] / Dipl. (Sinica) flo-
ris Paratypen. Rensch [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museum
Berlin [printed] Diplommatina (Sinica) floris Rensch Wae
Reno, W.FIores 1000m 75430 Rensch [handwritten]; 3
adults, ljuv. MFIUB: Sunda-Expedition Rensch Fundort:
[printed] Geli Moetoe (1300 m) Flores [handwritten] Da¬
tum: [printed] 21.7.27 [handwritten] No: [printed] / Zoo¬
log. Museum Berlin [printed] Paratypen! Diplommatina
(Sinica) Javana orientalis Rensch * Geli Moetoe 1300m
Flores 21.7.27 75432. Rensch [handwritten]; 3 adults
MFIUB: Sunda-Expedition Rensch Fundort: [printed]
Batoeriti (800m), Bali [handwritten] Datum: [printed]
3.-4.8.27 [handwritten] No: [printed] / Zoolog. Museum
Berlin [printed] Diplommatina (Sinica) Javana orientalis
Rensch Batoeriti Bali 800 m 75433 Rensch [handwrit¬
ten] [red circular label on the box].
Additional material 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA, Bali
Is., Tamblingan, 08°15’10.8”S, 115°05’57.3”E, 1350
m, 03.IV.2011, primary lower montane rainforest, soil
sample No 5, leg. A.Riedel.
References: Rensch B. (1931: 387), as Diplom¬
matina (Sinica) javana orientalis] van Benthenn Jut¬
ting (1948: 599-600), as Diplommatina (Sinica)
Javana orientalis] Vernneulen & Whitten (1998: 50,
138), new synonynny; Nurinsiyah & Hausdorf (2017:
211).
Measurennents: Holotype Diplommatina Javana
orientalis H = 3.05 nnnn, D = 1.7 nnnn, HW = 1.45
nnnn, PD = 1.15 nnnn. Selected paratypes fronn Geli
Moetoe: H = 2.9 nnm, D = 1.6 nnm, PD = 1.2 mm; H
= 2.25 mm, D = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.2 mm.
Description: Shell is small, white to orange, sinis-
tral, broadly conical with convex apex. Shell with
5V2-5% convex whorls (according to Vermeulen &
Whitten 1998 there are AVs-SVa whorls in this spe¬
cies), the IV2 embryonic whorl is smooth. The suture
is moderately deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl
is narrower than the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constric¬
tion is well defined by a short and shallow impres¬
sion and denser and stronger sinuous ribbing pat¬
tern. The constriction is more or less centered in
apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
fine, dense, slightly sinuous axial ribs. There are no
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are
not synchronized with those of the previous whorls
and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are about
19-20 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae very delicate,
present on all whorls (holotype Diplommatina Ja¬
vana orientalis), or only on early whorls (paratypes
D. Javana orientalis and specimens from Bali). The
aperture is not or barely tilted to the coiling axis, cir¬
cular and has entire or parietally discontinued ap¬
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
parietal nnargin of the peristonne is attached to the
ultinnate whorl. The peristonne is double, broad in
lateral view and consists of several distant lannel-
lae. The inner peristonne fornns a continuous broad
polished callus. The palatal nnargins of both peri-
stonnes are sinuous. In certain specinnens the pa¬
rietal side of the aperture expands up to the upper
suture. There is one short parietalis. The colunnella
is strongly obliquely twisted, fornning a strong hori¬
zontal colunnellaris in its basal third. One distinct
broad colunnellar denticle is directed downwards in
specinnens fronn Bali and Java, being snnaller and
not directed downwards in Flores specinnens. Oper-
culunn is unknown.
Ecology: Specinnens inhabit leaf litter, soil and
lower vegetation in prinnary and secondary lowland
to nnid nnontane rainforests. It is observed on volca¬
nic soils fronn lowlands up to 2700 nn.
Distribution: Java, Bali; Lesser Sunda Islands:
Flores Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 81000 knn^. The current AGO
is about 40 knn^, however the nnaxinnunn AGO is like¬
ly nnuch higher. This species inhabits lowland to nnid
nnontane rainforests (possible because of habitat
being degraded or unavailable at lower altitudes).
No infornnation is available on the population size
and trend, but on Bali and Java this species is not
unconnnnon. The nnain threat for this species is hab¬
itat alteration and decline in AGO. Since this spe¬
cies also known to occur in secondary and degrad¬
ed rainforests, the population considered stable.
The population on Java is severely fragmented (D.
javana occurs in montane areas of Java with large
gaps in-between (Nurinsiyah & Flausdorf 2017)),
but not on Bali. Population fragmentation grade
is unknown for Flores, since single historical local¬
ity is known from here. There are no less than five
locations. Further research is required to assess
the distribution of this species, its population size,
trend and threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) jonabletti sp. nov. (Figs 14 &
113, plate 22 figs 8-17, map 13)
httD://zoobank.org/94BE653B-0162-4FB6-B8F5-
5F531DF30E19
Holotype BMNH: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores
Is., Gn. Ranaka mt, 08°38.099’S, 120°31.745’E, 2205
m, 09.111.2011, prinnary nnid nnontane rainforest, soil
sample No 3, leg. A.Riedel.
Pa retypes 22 specimens: 4 adults & 1 subadult KGC:
same label as holotype; 2 adults BMNH [syntypes of
D. floresiana E.A. Smith, 1897]: Diplom. Floresiana
Sm. S. Flores. 4000 ft. 97.8.3.75-4 [handwritten] /
Floresiana.Smith I. Flores [handwritten] / PARALECTO-
TYPE [printed, label red, black frame] / Diplommatina
Jonabletti sp. nov. det. K.Greke, 2016 [printed]; 1 adult &
1 subadult NME: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is.,
Gn. Ranaka mt, 08°37’32.rS, 120°31’46.3”E, 1535
m, 08.111.2011, primary lower montane rainforest, soil
sample No 1, leg. A.Riedel; 1 subadult NME: INDONESIA,
Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt, 08°38.277’S,
120°31.616’E, 2010 m, 10.111.2011, primary mid mon¬
tane rainforest, soil sample No 5, leg. A.Riedel; 1 adult
KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka
mt, 08°37.714’S, 120°31.509’E, 1850 m, 10.111.2011,
primary mid montane rainforest, soil sample No 7, leg.
A.Riedel; 1 adult & 1 subadult KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa
Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt, 08°37’71.4”S,
120°31’50.9”E, 1850 m, 10.111.2011, primary mid mon¬
tane rainforest, soil sample No 7B, leg. A.Riedel; 3 adults
& 1 subadult NME, 2 adults KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa
Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt., 08°37’48.1”S,
120°31’4rE, 1610 m, 10.111.2011, primary lower
montane rainforest, soil sample No 10, leg. A.Riedel; 3
adults KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn.
Ranaka mt, 08°37’38.6”S, 120°31’15.6”E, 1575 m,
10.111.2011, primary lower montane rainforest, soil sam¬
ple No 11, leg. A.Riedel.
Consider note by D. floresiana E.A. Snnith, 1897.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2.7 nnnn, D = 1.65
nnnn, HW = 1.5 nnnn, PD = 1.2 nnnn. Selected para-
types fronn locus typicus: H = 2.85 nnm, D = 1.7
mm, HW = 1.65 mm, PD = 1.25 mm; H = 2.8 mm, D
= 1.65 mm, HW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.2 mm; H = 2.85
mm, D = 1.7 mm, HW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.2 mm.
Paralectotypes of “Diplommatina floresiana” from
southern Flores: H = 3.35 mm, D = 1.9 mm, HW =
1.9 mm, PD = 1.35 mm; H = 3.2 mm, D = 1.9 mm,
HW = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.3 mm.
Description: Shell small, pale brown, sinistral,
and broadly conical with a convex apex. Shell with
6 convex whorls, the IV4-IV2 embryonic whorl is mi-
crostriate. The suture is rather deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is about as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adults. The constriction is poorly defined
by a short and shallow impression and a short zone
of denser placed axial ribs. The constriction is more
or less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is
sculptured with coarse, widely spaced ribs on early
whorls but becomes dense on apertural side of the
ultimate whorl. The axial ribs are slightly sinuous
to nearly straight abruptly becoming denser around
the constriction. The ribs are not synchronized with
those on previous whorls and are straight or slight¬
ly oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 6-7
ribs per 1 mm on the penultimate whorl, becom¬
ing 2-3 times denser on the apertural surface of
the ultimate whorl. The circular aperture is not or
176
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
is barely tilted against the coiling axis, and the peri-
stonne edges are connected or discontinued on the
parietal side. The position of the aperture is nnore
or less central against the coiling axis. The parietal
margin of the peristome is attached to the ultimate
whorl. The peristome is double, provided with an
obtuse angulation at palatal / parietal junction.
The palatal and basal margins of both peristomes
are sinuous. The palatal and basal margins of the
outer peristome are reflexed. There is one short
acute parietalis and one short transverse palatalis
that is close to the upper margin of the last whorl
(position of this tooth is almost central with regard
to the parietal side of the peristome). One distinct
narrow columellar denticle is directed downwards
in fully grown specimens. The columella is shiny
and thin, obliquely twisted and forming an acute
oblique columellaris in its basal third. The opercu¬
lum is translucent, irregularly circular and thin. Its
corneous plate bears concentric lines.
Differential diagnosis: This species is similar to
Diplommatina floresiana E.A. Smith, 1897 (Flores
Island), but distinct in having a transverse palatalis
whereas D. floresiana has a longitudinal palatalis.
In addition D. jonabletti sp. nov. has denser axial
ribs on the apertural side of the ultimate whorl.
D. javana von Mollendorff, 1897 (islands of Bali,
Flores, Java) is also similar, but differs in having a
peristome with rounded margins that lacks angula¬
tions. D. javana also lacks a transverse palatalis in
the upper part of the ultimate whorl that is present
in D. jonabletti sp. nov.
Ecology: Specimens inhabit wet leaf litter and the
underside of decaying wood in primary lower to mid
montane rainforests, from altitudes of 1200-2205
m. Both recent and historical material comes from
areas on volcanic soils.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores Island.
Conservation status: Endangered, EN
B2ab(ii,iii). The current EDO is around 50 km^. The
maximum EDO estimated is about 15000 km^ tak¬
ing into account the area of Flores Island (13540
km^) and adjacent islands. The current AGO is
about 16 km^, however the AGO could be much
higher since the species is undersampled, but the
AGO is definitively below 500 km^. No information
is available on population size or population trends,
but Diplommatina jonabletti sp. nov. seems rath¬
er common on Mt. Ranaka. This species inhabits
moist litter of lower to mid montane rainforests,
and is not found in arid and deforested lowlands.
The population is not severely fragmented, but frag¬
mentation is likely to increase. Main threats for this
species are Habitat loss and alteration due con¬
version of the rainforests into gardens as well as
timber collecting and small-scale logging. Growing
human population on Flores combined with more
frequent and longer dry periods caused by global
warming and El Nino weather patterns will likely
have continued negative effect on the remaining
natural rainforests of Flores. Between 2001 and
2014, Flores, its adjacent islands of Lembata,
Adonara, Solor and Rinca lost almost 29000 ha
of rainforest cover in the lowlands (Global Forest
Watch 2016). Human population is not spreading
significantly from the lowlands to the montane ar¬
eas, but wet mountains are primarily threatened
by expanding small-scale gardens and logging for
construction purposes. These trends are likely to
cause a continuing decline in the AGO and extent
of the habitat. There are three known locations for
D. jonabletti sp. nov. The human population is not
encroaching on the habitat yet, but a continuing de¬
cline in the near future is projected based on the
known trend of forest loss because of human activi¬
ties and climate change. Additional research is re¬
quired to determine its distribution, population size
and population trends. The species is assessed
as EN since AGO is between 16-500 km^, and it is
known from three locations.
Diplommatina (s. I.) leucopsis van Benthem Jut¬
ting, 1958 (Plate 24 figs 1-7, map 14)
Holotype NHMB: HOLOTYPUS [printed, label pink,
glued on glass] / 6082 a Sunnba,Baing [printed].
Additional nnaterial: 2 adults, 1 Juv. NHMB: Sun-
da-Expedition Rensch Fundort: [printed] Waingapoe,
Sunnba Kannbera-Genist [handwritten] Datunn: [printed]
27.7.27 [handwritten] No: [printed] / Zoolog. Museunn
Berlin [printed] Diplonnnnatina (Sinica ?) flunninis Pa-
ratypen! Rensch Waingapoe, Sunnba KannberaGenist
75437 Rensch [handwritten] / Diplonnnnatina leucopsis
van Benthem Jutting, 1958 det. K.Greke, 2016 [print¬
ed] [these specimens were found among paratypes of
Diplommatina fiuminis].
References: van Benthem Jutting (1958b: 97-98,
pi. 1 fig. 5); Monk et al. (1997: 395).
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.6 mm (adult
shell is decollate), D = 1.6 mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD =
1 mm. Selected adult specimens from type locality:
H = 2.1 mm (adult shell is decollate), D = 1.3 mm,
PD = 0.7 mm, H = 1.8 mm (adult shell is decol¬
lated), D = 0.9 mm, PD = 0.6 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, white to corne¬
ous, dextral, fusiform. Shell apex is convex in Juve¬
nile specimens. Shell with 6 strongly convex whorls
(adult shell is decollate), there is 1 embryonic whorl.
The suture is deeply impressed. The penultimate
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
whorl is bulbous. The ultinnate whorl is constricted,
much narrower than the penultimate whorl in ap-
ertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction is well defined by a distinct short im¬
pression. The constriction is more or less centered
in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse, widely-spaced, straight axial ribs. There are
no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs
are partially synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are straight to the coiling axis. There are
about 10 ribs per 1 mm. The ribs are more widely-
spaced on early whorls. Spiral striae are not visible
at 80x magnification but is present according to
the original description. The aperture is tilted about
10° against to the coiling axis and is circular and
has entire apertural rim. The aperture is shifted
right against the coiling axis in apertural view. The
parietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. A continuous callus is developed on
the palatal, basal and columellar sides of the aper¬
ture. The peristome is double, consists of delicate
close-standing lamellae in lateral view. Peristomal
margins are not sinuous. One distinct columellar
denticle, not directed downwards. No specimens
were available to study the internal lamellae. The
operculum is primitive - circular and translucent.
Ecology: According to the original description, this
species occurs in wet rainforest leaf litter.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba Is¬
land.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOO and
AOO. The maximum EOO for this species is about
11000 km^ taking into account the area of Sumba.
This species is known from 3 specimens collected
from two localities about 60 years ago and has not
been collected again. The population size and trend
are unknown. Between 2001 and 2014 Sumba has
lost almost 10000 ha of the rainforest (calculated
for canopy density over 25% according to the Global
Forest Watch (2016)). Further research is required
to clarify status of this species in the wild, assess
its distribution, population size, trend and highlight
threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) lombockensis E.A. Smith,
1898 (Plate 23 figs 19-22)
Syntypes 5 adults BMNH: Diplommatina Lombock¬
ensis, Smith 1898, Type. Lombock [sic!] (W.Doherty)
98.7.20.1-5 [handwritten] / Lombockensis, Smith. Lom¬
bock I. [handwritten] / Type, [printed].
References: Smith E.A. (1898: 31, pi. 2 fig. 18),
as Diplommatina Lombockensis; Kobelt & von M6I-
lendorff (1898: 137), checklist, as Diplommatina
Subgen. Eudiplommatina Kob. et Mlldff. lomboken-
sis [sic!]; Rensch B. (1931: 389), as Diplommatina
(Pseudopalaina) lombockensis.
Measurements: Selected syntype H = 3.3 mm, D
= 1.9 mm, HW = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.4 mm.
Description: Shell is small, white with upper
half pale orange, sinistral, broadly conical with
convex apex. Shell with 6 convex whorls, the IV2
embryonic whorl is microgranulate. The suture is
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is as wide as
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The um¬
bilicus is very narrowly open. The constriction is
poorly defined by a short shallow impression and
suture becoming deeper above the constriction.
The constriction is more or less centered in aper¬
tural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with very
coarse widely-spaced straight axial ribs. There are
no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs
are synchronized with those of the previous whorls.
The ribs range from straight to slightly oblique with
regard to the coiling axis. In fully grown specimens
ribs becoming much higher (lamella-like) near the
suture. There are about 5 ribs per 1 mm, the ribs
becoming somewhat denser on the apertural side
of the ultimate whorl. Spiral striae are not visible
at 80x magnification. The aperture is tilted about
10-20° to the coiling axis and is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is double, thin in lateral view.
The parietal margin of the peristome is attached
to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms a
continuous polished callus. The margins of the in¬
ner peristome are not sinuous. The margin of the
outer peristome is expanding beyond the inner one.
The palatal margin of the outer peristome is slightly
sinuous, the basal margin is reflexed. One incon¬
spicuous columellar denticle, not directed down¬
wards. No specimens were available to study the
internal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok Is¬
land. Exact locality is unknown, therefore a distri¬
bution map is not given.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOO and
AOO. This species is known from the type series
sampled from single locality about 100 years ago
and has not been collected again. The population
size, trend and threats remain unknown for D. lom¬
bockensis. Further research is required to clarify
status of this species in the wild, assess its distri¬
bution, population size, trend and highlight threats.
178
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Diplommatina (s. I.) lucifuga van Benthem Jut¬
ting, 1958 (Plate 24 figs 8-13, nnap 14)
Holotype NHMB: Holotypus [handwritten] / Diplomma¬
tina Stal. 575 Holotypus lucifuga [handwritten] / 6080 a
Sumba,Waikarudi [printed] / HOLOTYPUS [printed, label
pink, glued on glass].
Paratypes 3 adults & 1 subadult NHMB: Paratypen
[handwritten] / 1 St. Zool. Mus. Amsterdam [handwrit¬
ten] / Diplommatina lucifuga n.sp. Paratypen [hand¬
written] / Naturhist. Museum Basel Coll. Dr. Buhler Dr.
Sutter 1949 Waikarudi Sumba 575 [printed] / 6080 a
Sumba,Waikarudi [printed] / PARATYPOIDE [printed, la¬
bel light green, glued on glass].
References: van Benthenn Jutting (1958b: 96, pi.
1 fig. 3); Monk et al. (1997: 395).
Measurennents (all adult shells are decollate):
Holotype H = 2.5 nnnn, D = 1.3 nnnn, HW = 1 mm, PD
= 0.83 mm. Two selected adult paratypes: H = 2.4
mm, D = 1.2 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 2.35 mm, D =
1.25 mm, PD = 0.8 mm
Description: Shell is very small, white, dex-
tral, narrow fusiform. Shell with 6 strongly convex
whorls (adult shell is decollate), number of embry¬
onic whorls is unknown. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The penultimate whorl is bulbous. The
ultimate whorl is strongly constricted, it is much
narrower than the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constric¬
tion is very poorly defined. The constriction is situ¬
ated beyond the aperture in apertural view. The
teleoconch is sculptured with very coarse, widely-
spaced, straight axial ribs. There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and are
straight to the coiling axis. There are about 5 ribs
per 0.5 mm, the ribs becoming twice denser on the
apertural side of the ultimate whorl. Spiral striae
are distinct and dense. The aperture is tilted about
10° to the coiling axis, it is circular and has entire
apertural rim. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The aperture is
shifted right against the coiling axis in apertural
view. The peristome is double, thin in lateral view.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The palatal margins of both peristomes are
hardly sinuous. One small columellar denticle, not
directed downwards. No specimens were available
to study the internal lamellae. Operculum is un¬
known.
Ecology: According to the original description, this
species occurs on the ground under decaying wood
of wet Areca and Coconut palms stands.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba Is¬
land.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOO
and AOO. This species is known from five speci¬
mens sampled from single locality about 70 years
ago and has not been collected again. The popula¬
tion size, trend and threats are unknown. Further
research is required to clarify status of this species
in the wild, assess its distribution, population size,
trend and highlight threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) maibrat sp. nov. (Plate 24 figs
14-17, map 22)
httD://zoobank.org/4E18F415-BF64-4018-A43E-
625514E930DC
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Ayamaru vill. 23 km SE, Aqafu springs,
1°23’15S, 132°22’04”E, -330-340 m, 04.IX.2015, pri¬
mary lowland rainforest on limestone, near the springs,
leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: Named after Maibrat, local
tribe and language of central part of Doberai Penin¬
sula lowlands, the area where this species was first
collected. Noun in apposition, invariable.
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.3 mm, D = 1.5
mm, HW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.1 mm.
Description: Shell is small, yellow, sinistral, coni¬
cal with pointed apex. Shell with 6 convex whorls,
the IV4 embryonic whorl is smooth. The suture
is rather deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is
constricted, somewhat wider than the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed
in adult. The constriction is not defined on shell
wall. The constriction is more or less centered in
apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse, dense, straight axial ribs. There are no
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are
not synchronized with those of the previous whorls
and are slightly oblique to the coiling axis. There are
6 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are very delicate,
dense. The aperture is tilted about 10-15° to the
coiling axis and is circular and has entire apertural
rim. The position of the aperture is more or less
central below the coiling axis. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl in
apertural view. The peristome is double, thin in lat¬
eral view. The inner peristome forms a continuous
polished callus. The outer peristome with margins
expanding and protruding on the palatal, basal and
columellar sides (last one is less distinct). Both the
palatal and basal margins of the outer peristome
are distinctly sinuous. There is one distinct short
longitudinal palatalis situated above the columellar
side of the peristome. One small columellar den-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
tide, not directed downwards and poorly visible in
the aperture by apertural view. Because only one
specinnen was available for study, I did not dannage
the shell to observe the internal lannellae which re¬
main unknown for this species. The operculum also
remains unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Most similar to D/p/om-
matina waigeoensis sp. nov. from Waigeo Island
(see description of this species below) but differs
specifically in having much shorter longitudinal pal-
atalis (it is about twice longer in D. waigeoensis sp.
nov.), stronger spiral striae and one whorl shorter
shell (W = 7 in D. waigeoensis sp. nov. compared
with 6 whorls in D. maibrat sp. nov.).
Ecology: Specimen was found on underside of a
fallen leaf in primary lowland rainforest on lime¬
stone soil (karst area) in a narrow and wet ravine.
Distribution: New Guinea: lowlands of Doberai
Peninsula.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is currently known from a single specimen.
Further research is required to assess the distribu¬
tion of this species, its population size, trend and
highlight threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) mertoni C.R. Boettger, 1922
(Figs 15, 129-131, plate 24 figs 18-23, map 15)
Holotype SMF: Senckenbg. Mus. [printed] 4686 [hand¬
written] Frankfurt a.M. [printed] Dipl. (Diplonnnnatina)
mertoni [underlined] C.BTTGR. TYPUS [printed, label red,
glued on the main label] Batu Bandera, Maikor, Aru-lns.
FI. Merton S. 9.IV.1908. [handwritten].
Pa retypes 54 adults & ljuv. SMF: Senckenbg. Mus.
[printed] 4687 [handwritten] Frankfurt a.M. [printed]
Dipl. (Diplommatina) mertoni [underlined] C.BTTGR. TY¬
PUS [printed, glued on the main label] Batu Bandera,
Maikor, Aru-lns. FI. Merton S. 9.IV.1908. [handwritten].
References: Boettger C.R. (1922: 359, 362, 401,
pi. 22 figs 33-34), as Dipiommatina (Dipiommati-
na) mertoni] Zilch (1953: 21); van Benthem Jutting
(1958a: 319), as Dipiommatina symmetrica; van
Benthem Jutting (1963: 711); Vermeulen (1996c:
112).
Measurements: Holotype H = 4.2 mm, D = 2
mm, HW = 2.4 mm, PD = 1.8 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 4 mm, D = 2.05 mm, HW = 2
mm, PD = 1.6 mm; H = 3.9 mm, D = 2.1 mm, HW
= 2.05 mm, PD = 1.6 mm; H = 3.65 mm, D = 1.95
mm, HW = 1.9 mm, PD = 1.7 mm.
Description: Shell is large, pale brown to yellow¬
ish with darker embryonic whorls, dextral, elongate,
and rather broadly conical with convex apex. Shell
with 8V2-9 convex whorls, the 1 embryonic whorl is
densely microscopically pitted. The suture is moder¬
ately deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is rather
bulbous, it is wider than the penultimate whorl in
apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult.
The constriction is poorly defined by a short zone of
stronger developed sinuous axial ribs. The position
of the constriction on same axis with the columellar
side of the aperture. The teleoconch is sculptured
with dense nearly straight axial ribs (ribs are sinu¬
ous on the apertural side of the ultimate whorl).
There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern.
The ribs are partially synchronized with those of the
previous whorls and are strongly oblique to the coil¬
ing axis. There are 10-11 ribs per 1 mm. In certain
specimens the ribs becoming weaker below the
suture of the penultimate whorl, disappear almost
completely and reappear again on the suture. Spi¬
ral striae are distinct and rather widely-spaced (3
rows of spiral striae per 50 pm measured on the
ultimate whorl above the aperture at 200x magnifi¬
cation). The aperture is tilted about 40-45° to the
coiling axis, it is subquadrate or circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is indistinctly double, thin in
lateral view. The parietal margin of the peristome is
attached to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome
forms a continuous polished callus. The margin of
the inner peristome is much stronger and more
prominent than less conspicuous outer peristome.
The palatal margins of both peristomes are slightly
sinuous. There is one long and acute parietalis.
There are three palatalis. One long longitudinally-
transverse palatalis is -| shaped and situated over
the columellar side of the aperture. Another oblique
transverse palatalis is situated at the upper margin
of the ultimate whorl in central position with regard
to the aperture. The third long transverse palatalis
is flat and inconspicuous, situated in parallel the
with 1 shaped palatalis. One distinct broad colu¬
mellar denticle, not directed downwards (cd may
be reduced in certain specimens). The columella is
shiny and thin, obliquely twisted, forming an acute
and oblique columellaris in its basal third. The oper¬
culum is primitive - semicircular, partly translucent,
with inconspicuous concentric lines.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Aru Islands: Maikoor Island. Re¬
cords from Misool Island (van Benthem Jutting
1958a: 295, 319; 1963: 711) refer to Dipiomma¬
tina teinovi sp. nov. (see description of this species
below).
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from the type series sampled
more than 100 years ago and has not been collect-
180
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
ed again. The habitat, population size and threats
are unknown for D. mertoni. Further research is re¬
quired to assess the distribution of this species, its
population size, trend and threats.
Rennarks: According to the original description,
the type series consist of 57 specinnens. Of thenn,
only 56 were located at SMF.
Diplommatina (s. I.) moluccensis sp. nov. (Plate
25 figs 1-5, nnap 6)
http://zoobank.org/6B46E6F4-DA0B-4898-B7E7-
9220EE7AADBC
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas,
Tidore Is., [outer slope of] caldera of Sabale volcano,
0°43’20”N, 127°26’16”E, 450-530 m, 29.VI.2013,
secondary lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg. K.Greke.
Pa retypes 31 adults, 7 subadults, 7 juv.: 13 adults
KGC, 16 adults, 7 subadults & 7 juv. NME: same label as
holotype; 2 adults UF: UF 426296 Molluscs, Diplomma¬
tinidae 2-spec. Diplommatina Indonesia, Maluku Utara
Province Ternate Island, 3 km SE of Togafo disturbed
rainforest 0.8093° 127.2948° John Slapcinsky 29 Oct
2008, JDS-0946 75% ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY.
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. This species is
panned after its area of origin, the Moluccas or Ma¬
luku.
Measurennents (all adult shells are decollate):
Holotype H = 2.1 nnnn, D = 1.05 nnnn, HW = 0.85
mm, PD = 0.8 mm. Selected paratypes from Tidore
Island: H = 2.2 mm, D = 1.15 mm, HW = 0.8 mm,
PD = 0.8 mm; H = 2.2 mm, D = 1.1 mm, HW = 0.8
mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 2.1 mm, D = 1.1 mm, HW
= 0.8 mm, PD = 0.75 mm; H = 2.1 mm, D = 1.15
mm, HW = 0.85 mm, PD = 0.85 mm; H = 2.2 mm,
D = 1.1 mm, HW = 0.9 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; selected
paratype from Ternate Island H = 2.2 mm, D = 1.15
mm, HW = 0.85 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell very small, whitish, dextral,
narrow fusiform. Shell apex is convex in Juvenile
specimens (when not decollate). Shell with 6-6V4
convex whorls (shell is decollate in adult speci¬
mens), the IV2 embryonic whorl is smooth. The su¬
ture is rather deeply impressed. The penultimate
whorl is bulbous. The ultimate whorl is strongly
constricted and distinctly narrower than the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is well defined by a
distinct short impression. The constriction is situat¬
ed V4 whorl beyond the aperture. The teleoconch is
sculptured with dense, straight axial ribs. The ribs
becoming tilted in a direction opposite to the coil¬
ing axis in the upper parts near the suture on the
last half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls. The ribs range from
straight to slightly oblique to the coiling axis. There
are 8-9 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are lacking
in adult specimens at 80x magnification Quv. and
subadult shells are clearly finely and densely spi¬
rally striate). The aperture is tilted about 10-20° to
the coiling axis, is semicircular and has entire aper¬
tural rim. The aperture is shifted right against the
coiling axis in apertural view. The parietal margin of
the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The
peristome is distinctly double, thin in lateral view.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The margins of the inner peristome are not
sinuous. The basal margin of the outer peristome
is slightly reflexed. Two palatalis are present. There
is one transverse palatalis situated entirely beyond
the parietal / palatal Junction of the peristome.
There is one longitudinal oblique parietalis. The
columella is shiny and thin, obliquely twisted, form¬
ing an acute and oblique columellaris in its basal
third. One very long columellar denticle is directed
downwards. The operculum is primitive - circular,
corneous, and translucent.
Differential diagnosis: Most similar to D/p/om-
matina leucopsis van Benthem Jutting, 1958 and
D. lucifuga van Benthem Jutting, 1958 (both from
Sumba Island), but differs specifically in slender
shell, very long columellar denticle (cd is rather
small in both D. leucopsis and D. lucifuga), absence
of spiral striae in adult specimens (spiral striae are
distinct in D. lucifuga), and in straight basal side of
the peristome (basal side of the peristome is round
in both D. leucopsis and D. lucifuga).
Ecology: Specimens were sampled from under
of wet leaves from litter accumulated in a large
ground cavity in secondary lowland rainforest (un¬
der shady and wet conditions) on slope of old over¬
grown caldera of the volcano (clay-like rainforest
soil). Specimen from Ternate Island was sampled in
a disturbed rainforest.
Distribution: North Moluccas: Ternate & Tidore.
Conservation status: Endangered, EN Blab(i-
ii),B2ab(iii). Not enough data available to calculate
current EDO; the current AGO is 8 km^. This species
is hitherto known from two small islands with ac¬
tive volcanoes as well as dense and growing human
population. It is likely Diplommatina moluccensis
sp. nov. also occurs on neighbouring islands (for
example, Hiri, Moti and the western arms of Halma-
hera). This species EDO and AGO estimated at least
twice what is currently known, but definitively below
500 km^ for AGO. I assume this species historically
inhabited primary rainforests, but is now limited to
181
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
secondary forests (primary rainforest has not ex¬
isted on either islands for more than 100 years).
The main threat is habitat loss as remaining sec¬
ondary rainforest is cleared due to the expansion
of human settlements (on Ternate island), wood
consumption for various purposes (on both Ternate
and Tidore islands) and conversion of rainforest
into gardens and plantations (on both Ternate and
Tidore). Considering the size of the ECO and its lo¬
cation on active volcanoes (patches of rainforest
only present on volcanic slopes above 400 m and
in old calderas on Ternate and Tidore), a very large
volcanic eruption on one of the islands may in the¬
ory destroy a half of the current ECO (but consider¬
ing the geological past of both Ternate and Tidore,
such a super-eruption is very unlikely). This species
is known from two locations considering the main
threat. The population is not severely fragmented
as the minimum distance between the islands is
just 2.2 km. Despite the distance being so short,
gene flow between subpopulations considered very
low due to absence of species’ habitat (forests)
along the coast. Snails can potentially travel on
floating material between two islands, but absence
of suitable habitats along the coastline makes re¬
colonization very difficult. Transportation by birds or
human (with substrate or plants) from one island
to another is the most realistic scenario for gene
exchange and re-colonization. Continuing decline is
observed in extent and quality of habitat. Remain¬
ing lowland rainforests on Ternate and Tidore to be
protected, green corridors between remaining for¬
est patches to be maintained. Further search for D.
moluccensis localities is required on neighbouring
Hiri, Mare, Moti islands and on western Halmahera.
Diplommatina (s. I.) patani sp. nov. (Fig. 16, plate
25 figs 10-14, map 5)
http://zoobank.org/499BCB39-7C0F-459D-8045-
84FF2F5DCDEE
Flolotype NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas,
Flalmahera SE, Patani W, between the Jetty & Patani,
0°18’10”N, 128°39’38”E, 15-50 m, 10.VII.2013, sec¬
ondary lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg. K.Greke.
Pa retypes 15 adults & 3 Juv. NME, 11 adults KGC:
same label as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Named after Patani, local
language and tribe in SE arm of Flalmahera. Noun
in apposition, invariable.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 2.35 mm, D = 1.1
mm, FIW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.9 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: FI = 2.2 mm, D = 1.1 mm, FIW = 1
mm, PD = 0.8 mm; FI = 2.2 mm, D = 1.1 mm, FIW =
0.85 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; FI = 2.2 mm, D = 1.05 mm,
FIW = 0.9 mm, PD = 0.85 mm; FI = 2.1 mm, D = 1
mm, FIW = 0.9 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, white to pale
brown, dextral, narrow and high conical with con¬
vex apex. Shell with 7 convex whorls, the IV2 em¬
bryonic whorl is smooth. The suture is moderately
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is almost as
wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is very poorly defined by an inconspicuous shallow
impression. The position of the constriction with
the parietal wall of the aperture. The teleoconch is
sculptured with coarse, dense, wavy sinuous axial
ribs. The ribs becoming high, lamella-like and are
slightly bending counter-clockwise on the periph¬
ery of each whorl. The ribs are also slightly bending
counter-clockwise near and in the suture. The ribs
are sinuous below the suture becoming weaker at
the point of inflection and reappear again on the
suture. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls and are straight to the coil¬
ing axis. There are 5-9 ribs per 0.5 mm. In certain
specimens ribs becoming denser on the apertural
side of the ultimate whorl. Spiral striae are distinct
and dense. The aperture is tilted about 20° to the
coiling axis and is circular to slightly ovoid and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is distinctly double, consists of
several delicate dense lamellae in lateral view. The
parietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms a con¬
tinuous polished callus. The palatal and the basal
margins of both peristomes are sinuous. Both the
inner and outer peristomes provided with an obtuse
angulation at the basal / columellar Junction. There
is one obtuse parietalis. There is one short palatalis
situated over the columellar side of the peristome.
The columella is shiny and thin, obliquely twisted,
forming an acute oblique median columellaris. One
small columellar denticle, not directed downwards.
The operculum is primitive - circular, translucent
and bears concentric lines.
Differential diagnosis: Most similar to D/p/om-
matina radiiformis Preston, 1913 (North Moluc¬
cas). In D. patani sp. nov. the palatalis is compara¬
tively shorter and situated lower down on the wall
of the ultimate whorl (pt is closer to the columel¬
lar side of the peristome), but in D. radiiformis this
pt is much longer and situated closer to the upper
margin of the ultimate whorl, distant from the colu¬
mellar side of the peristome. D. patani sp. nov. also
182
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
differs in higher and lannella-like ribs, especially on
the periphery of whorls which is not the case in D.
radiiformis.
Ecology: This species found in distirbed second¬
ary lowland rainforest on linnestone soil, but pre-
sunnably also inhabits prinnary lowland rainforests.
Specinnens observed on undersides of leaves accu¬
mulating at base of limestone rock formations and
at buttress roots of large trees.
Distribution: North Moluccas: south-eastern arm
of Halmahera Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD.
Diplommatina patani sp. nov. is currently known
from single locality, therefore current EDO cannot
be calculated. The maximum EDO estimated about
1500 km^ taking into account the distribution of
limestone soils in south-eastern Halmahera. The
current AGO is 4 km^. The maximum AGO is likely
higher but definitively below 500 km^. The popula¬
tion size and trend are unknown, but this species is
locally abundant. Habitat loss (lowland rainforests
on limestone) considered the main threat for this
species. Forested area of Halmahera’s south-east¬
ern arm is decreasing consequently; between 2001
and 2014 about 11000 ha of the rainforest were
lost (calculated for canopy density over 25% ac¬
cording to the Global Forest Watch (2016)). Taking
into account constantly growing human population
on the North Moluccas and presence of large func¬
tioning nickel mine in Gentral Halmahera (which is
attracting workers from other regions of Indonesia),
this trend is likely to continue. Further research is
required to assess the distribution of D. patani sp.
nov., its population size, trend and threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) radiiformis Preston, 1913
(Figs 17-18, 111, plate 25 figs 15-24, map 5)
Holotype NHMB: Diplommatina radiiformis Preston
Type Isd. of Beilan Beilan Dutch E. Indies, [original cor¬
rection] Moluccas. 1914.1.7.463 25-15 [handwritten] /
Type, [printed] / radiiformis Preston Moluccas [handwrit¬
ten].
Additional material: 1 subadult LKCNHM: Indonesia:
Maluku, Halmahera, N of Weda. leg. Tony Whitten, 11
January 2013; 3 adults KGC & 2 adults NME: INDONE¬
SIA E, North Moluccas, Tidore Is., [outer slope of] cal¬
dera of Sabale volcano, 0°43’20”N, 127°26’16”E, 450-
530 m, 29.VI.2013, secondary lowland rainforest, leaf
litter, leg. K.Greke; 2 adults KGC: INDONESIA E, North
Moluccas, Halmahera N, Galela area, Mt. Ngededo Ma
Girapang at Roko vilL, 1°50’07”N, 127°43’17”E, 230
m, 02.VII.2013, primary & secondary lowland rainforest,
leaf litter, leg. K.Greke.
References: Preston (1913: 437).
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.4 mm, D = 1.1
mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.85 mm. Specimens
from Tidore Island: H = 2.2 mm, D = 1 mm, HW = 1
mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 2.15 mm, D = 1.1 mm, HW
= 1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 2.35 mm, D = 1.2 mm,
HW = 1.05 mm, PD = 0.9 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, white with pale
brown protoconch, dextral, narrow and high coni¬
cal with convex apex. Shell with 7 convex whorls,
the IV2 embryonic whorl is densely microscopically
pitted. The last half of the protoconch is especially
densely pitted and the pits are arranged in axial
rows. The suture is moderately deeply impressed.
The penultimate whorl is slightly bulbous. The ul¬
timate whorl is somewhat constricted, it is slightly
narrower than the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The con¬
striction is poorly defined by a short and shallow
impression. The constriction is situated on same
axis with the palatal side of the aperture. The teleo-
conch is sculptured with coarse, dense, irregularly
sinuous axial ribs. In fully grown specimens the ribs
becoming high, lamella-like and are slightly bend¬
ing counter-clockwise on the upper part of each
whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are straight to the coiling
axis, but slightly oblique on last two whorls. There
are 5-6 ribs per 0.5 mm, the ribs becoming denser
on the apertural side of the ultimate whorl. Spiral
striae are delicate but distinct and dense. The ap¬
erture is tilted about 15-20° to the coiling axis and
is circular and has entire apertural rim. The aper¬
ture is more or less centered below the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The peristome is distinctly
double, consists of a few delicate lamellae in lat¬
eral view. The parietal margin of the peristome is
attached to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome
forms a continuous polished callus. The margins of
the inner peristome are not or slightly sinuous. The
palatal margin of the outer peristome is sinuous.
There is one long longitudinal palatalis in the upper
part of the ultimate whorl, close to the suture and
situated over the columellar side of the aperture.
The columella is shiny, obliquely twisted, forming
an acute and oblique columellaris in its basal third.
One small pointed columellar denticle, not directed
downwards. The operculum is primitive - translu¬
cent, circular and bears concentric lines.
Ecology: On Tidore specimens were sampled from
under of wet leaves in leaf litter accumulated in a
large depression in the ground, in secondary low¬
land rainforest (under shady and wet conditions) on
slope of old, overgrown caldera of the volcano (clay-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
like rainforest soil). On Hainnahera, specinnens were
found on undersides of wet leaves in litter of pri¬
mary lowland rainforest (already being disturbed)
on a limestone slope.
Distribution: North Moluccas: Belangbelang Is¬
land of Obi Islands group, Tidore Island, Halmahera
Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current EOO is 3970 km^. The maximum EOO es¬
timated 40000 km^ and also includes Ternate, Ba-
can, Obira and southern arm of Halmahera. There
are no recent records from Obi Islands for this
species. However, primary rainforest habitats are
still available in this part of North Moluccas. The
current AOO is 12 km^, the maximum AOO is likely
much higher and is predicted between 500 and
1000 km^ considering available habitat. This spe¬
cies limited to secondary forests on Tidore (primary
rainforest has not existed here for more than 100
years). On Halmahera it occurs in primary rainfor¬
ests on limestone soil. There are at least three lo¬
cations known for this species. The population size
and trend are unknown. The population is severely
fragmented as is presently known. This species is
known from several islands with active volcanoes.
Both Tidore and Halmahera have constantly grow¬
ing human population, similarly to other North Mo-
luccan islands. Habitat (lowland rainforests) loss
and altering considered the main threats, in par¬
ticular due to the expansion of human settlements,
wood consumption for various purposes and con¬
version of remaining rainforest into gardens and
plantations. Considering large distribution area of
D. radiiformis, habitat decline is unlikely to affect
all subpopulations at same time. Further research
is required to assess the distribution, population
size and trend for D. radiiformis.
Diplommatina (s. I.) slapcinskyi sp. nov. (Fig. 19,
plate 21 figs 14-17, map 6)
httD://zoobank.org/0613C0B5-37FA-4168-A35E-
5887688BB26C
Holotype UF (No 508076): UF 426407 Mollusca,
Diplommatinidae 5-spec. Diplommatina sp. 3 Indone¬
sia, Maluku Utara Province Obi Island, border of garden
and rainforest 2.3 km N of Woi gardens and rainforest
150 meters -1.7045° 127.6067° John Slapcinsky 26
Oct 2008, JDS-0942 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY.
Pa retypes 26 specimens: 4 UF: same label as holo¬
type; 14 adults, 1 subadult, 2 juv. UF & 6 adults KGC: UF
426265 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 15-spec. Diplom¬
matina Indonesia, Maluku Utara Province Obi Island,
border of garden and rainforest 2.3 km N of Woi gar¬
dens and rainforest 150 meters -1.7045° 127.6067°
John Slapcinsky 26 Oct 2008, JDS-0942 75% ethanol
FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. This species is
named after the first collector, famous malacolo-
gist and specialist on Papuan malacofauna, my col¬
league John Slapcinsky (UF).
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.7 mm, D = 1.15
mm, HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.95 mm. Selected para-
types: H = 2.8 mm, D = 1.35 mm, HW = 1.2 mm,
PD = 1.1 mm; H = 2.7 mm, D = 1.3 mm, HW = 1.15
mm, PD = 1.1 mm; H = 2.7 mm, D = 1.4 mm, HW
= 1.15 mm, PD = 1 mm; H = 2.7 mm, D = 1.3 mm,
HW = 1.2 mm, PD = 1 mm; H = 2.7 mm, D = 1.35
mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 1.1 mm.
Description:Shell is very small, white, dextral, nar¬
row and high conical with a convex apex. Shell with 8
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is smooth.
The suture is deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl
is only slightly narrower than the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adults.
The constriction is poorly defined by a short shal¬
low impression. The constriction is more or less
centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with coarse, widely-spaced, wavy curved axial
ribs like flat lamellae. The highest ribs are on the
6-7 whorls. There are no abrupt changes in ribbing
pattern. The ribs are synchronized with those of
previous whorls and are straight or slightly oblique
to the coiling axis. There are 3-4 ribs per 0.5 mm.
Spiral striae are distinct and dense. The aperture
is tilted about 20° from the coiling axis, is irregu¬
larly oval or rhomboid and has entire apertural rim.
The parietal margin of the peristome is attached to
the ultimate whorl. The aperture is slightly shifted
right against the coiling axis in apertural view. The
peristome is double. The inner peristome forms a
continuous polished callus. The margins of the in¬
ner peristome are not sinuous. The palatal margin
of the outer peristome is slightly sinuous. There is
one acute parietalis and one long longitudinal pala-
talis near the columellar side of the aperture. The
columella is shiny, obliquely twisted, forming a very
strong acute and oblique columellaris in its basal
third. One small but distinct columellar denticle,
not directed downwards. The operculum is primi¬
tive - circular and transparent, without concentric
ridges.
Differential diagnosis: This species is pecu¬
liar due to the presence of high and wavy curved,
lamella-like axial ribs.
Ecology: This species inhabits primary and sec¬
ondary lowland rainforests, as well as gardens and
occurs in leaf litter.
184
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Distribution: Southernnnost North Moluccas: Obi
Islands, Obira Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known fronn a single locality. Not enough
data available to calculate current EOO. The maxi-
mum EOO is below 5000 km^ taking into account
the area of Obi Islands. The current AOO is 4 km^.
The maximunn AOO is likely much higher, but de¬
finitively less than 500 km^. The population size
and population trends are unknown. The popula¬
tion is not severely fragmented. Currently there is
one location but more than 5 locations are consid¬
ered with regard to the maximum EOO. Habitat loss
and decline in habitat quality caused by logging,
mining (on Obira Island), conversion of the forest
into gardens and plantations, and expansion of
settlements in lowland areas considered the main
threats. Between 2001 and 2014 the forested part
of the maximum EOO has decreased by over 14000
ha (calculated for canopy density over 25% accord¬
ing the Global Forest Watch (2016)). Considering
human population growth in the area, this trend is
likely to continue. Additional research is required in
order to clarify species distribution, population size,
trends and highlight threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) smithi Kobelt et von Mollen-
dorff, 1898 (Plate 25 figs 6-9, map 22)
= Diplommatina papuana E.A. Smith, 1897
Lectotype BMNH [herewith designated]: Diplom. pap¬
uana Smith Kapaur New Guinea 97-7-30.57-8 [hand¬
written] / papuana, Smith Kapaur New Guinea [hand¬
written].
Para lectotype 1 adult BMNH [herewith designated]:
same labels as lectotype.
Lectotype designation: Lectotype is selected
from two syntyes with identical labels.
References: Smith E.A. (1897b: 418, pi. 9 figs
28-29), as Diplommatina papuana nec D. pap¬
uana Tapparone-Canefri, 1883; Kobelt & von M6I-
lendorff (1898: 142), as Diplommatina Subgen.
Sinica Mlldff. smithi Kob. et. Mlldff. nec D. pap¬
uana Sm.[ith] Tap.[parone] Can.[efri, 1883]; Kobelt
(1902: 473); van Benthem Jutting (1963: 712).
Measurements: Lectotype H = 3.1 mm, D = 1.9
mm, HW = 2 mm, PD = 1.5 mm.
Description: Shell is small, creamy with brown
embryonic whorls, sinistral, short, conical with
convex apex. Shell with 6 convex whorls, the IV4
embryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The su¬
ture is rather deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl
is rather bulbous and wider than the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in
adult. The constriction is poorly defined by axial
ribs becoming sinuous in this area. The constric¬
tion is situated on same axis with the columellar
side of the aperture. The teleoconch is sculptured
with coarse, dense, nearly straight axial ribs (ribs
are slightly sinuous on the apertural side of the ul¬
timate whorl). There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique
to the coiling axis. There are 9 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral
striae are distinct, rather strong and widely-spaced.
The aperture is tilted about 25-30° to the coiling
axis, is oval orsemicircular with apertural rim broad¬
ly discontinued parietally. The aperture is more or
less centered below the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome
is double, thin in lateral view. The parietal side of
the peristome is pressed against the parietal wall.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus on the palatal and the basal sides. Two ob¬
tuse protrudings developed on the columellar and
on the basal margins of the outer peristome. The
margin of the outer peristome expands beyond the
inner peristome near the palatal / parietal junction.
It is unclear if there is any parietalis or not (not vis¬
ible through the shell wall in historical specimens).
There is one transverse palatalis situated on the
parietal wall over the peristome. Another long lon¬
gitudinal palatalis situated over the columellar side
of the peristome. One small and inconspicuous col¬
umellar denticle, not directed downwards. Internal
lamellae were not studied. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: New Guinea: Onin Peninsula. Re¬
cord from northern New Guinea by Bavay (1908)
is misidentification of Palaina consobrina van Ben¬
them Jutting, 1963.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from the type series sampled
more than 100 years ago and has not been repord-
ed again. Additional research is required to clarify
status of this species in the wild, assess its distribu¬
tion, population size, trends and highlight threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) symmetrica Hedley, 1891
(Figs 20 & 136, plate 26 figs 1-5, map 25)
Lectotype BMNH [herewith designated]: Diplomma-
tina symmetrica Hedlev Cotype Basilaki, B.N. Guinea
9.2.2.4-100-104, C.Hedley Esq. [handwritten].
Paralectotypes 6 adults BMNH: same label as lecto¬
type.
Lectotype designation: Lectotype is selected
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
fronn series of 7 syntypes, all with the sanne label.
Note: Iredale (1941: 62) established a new genus
Euadnita with the type species Diplommatina sym¬
metrica. Here I follow Egorov (2013) and consider
Euadnita a junior synonynn of Dipiommatina.
References: Medley (1891: 107, pi. 12 fig. 39);
Kobelt & von Mollendorff (1898: 138), as Dipiom¬
matina Subgen. Eudipiommatina Kob. et Mlldff.
symmetrica; Kobelt (1902: 447), as D. (D.) sym¬
metrica; Soos (1911: 349); Leschke (1912a: 145);
Iredale (1941: 63), as Euadnita symmetrica.
Measurennents: Lectotype H = 3.4 nnnn, D = 1.6
mm, HW = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.3 mm. Selected para-
lectotypic specimens: H = 3.55 mm, D = 1.6 mm,
HW = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.4 mm; H = 3.5 mm, D = 1.55
mm, HW = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.3 mm.
Description: Shell large, white translucent, dex-
tral, narrowly conical with convex apex. Shell with
7V2 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is
densely microscopically pitted. The suture is rather
deeply impressed. The penultimate whorl is not
bulbous, as wide as the ultimate whorl in apertural
view. The constriction is poorly defined by axial
ribs becoming denser and stronger sinuous. The
constriction is more or less centered in apertural
view. The teleoconch is sculptured with coarse,
very widely-spaced straight axial ribs. The ribs are
incomplete, not reaching the upper suture on all
whorls (except the ultimate whorl where the ribs
are complete). There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern but the ribs are more widely-spaced
on early teleoconch whorls than on the pen- and
ultimate whorls. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are oblique to
the coiling axis. There are 5-6 ribs per 1 mm. Spi¬
ral striae are delicate and dense (3 rows of spiral
striae per 30 pm measured on the ultimate whorl
above the aperture by 300x magnification). The ap¬
erture is tilted about 30-35° to the coiling axis, is
oval or semicircular has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is more or less centered below the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The peristome is
double, very thin in lateral view. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
Peristomal margins are not sinuous. There is one
long and acute parietalis. There is one long longitu¬
dinal ly-transverse 1 shaped palatalis situated over
the columellar side of the peristome. The columella
is smooth, obliquely twisted, forming an oblique
columellaris in basal third. The columellar denticle
inconspicuous, not directed downwards. The oper¬
culum is primitive - circular, not transparent and
without concentric lines or ridges.
Ecology: Specimens were sampled from decaying
leaves of Pandanus sp. on a steep hill.
Distribution: Louisiade Islands. Record from
northern New Guinea (Soos 1911) is very doubtful
(this material was not available for my study since
Soos’s collection was lost in the fire at the Hungar¬
ian Natural History Museum). Records from Onin
Peninsula of New Guinea (Smith 1897b: 418, pi.
9 fig. 27) and Misool Island (van Benthem Jutting
1958a: 295, 319; 1963: 711) are based on mis-
identified specimens of D. teinovi sp. nov. (see de¬
scription of this species below).
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from historical specimens collect¬
ed more than 100 years ago from one locality. Fur¬
ther research is required in order to clarify species’
status in the wild, assess its distribution, popula¬
tion size, trends and highlight threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) teinovi sp. nov. (Figs 21, 132-
135, plate 26 figs 6-21, map 22)
httD://zoobank.org/AB75DD64-3232-416A-911B-
E37A6A6D2496
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Ayannaru vill. -15,5-14 knn N, 1°08’04”S,
132°10’59”E to 1°09’29S, 132°ir30”E, -275-250
m, 02.IX.2015, prinnary lowland rainforest on linnestone,
leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 25 specinnens: 2 adults NME, 2 KGC, ljuv.
KGC: sanne label as holotype; 2 adults NME, 3 KGC: IN¬
DONESIA E, W New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Ayannaru
vill. 27 km SE, Uter lakeside, 1°26’03S, 132°23’09”E,
-185 m, 04.IX.2015, primary lowland rainforest on lime¬
stone, base of limestone cliff, leg. D.Telnov; 2 adults
KGC: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Doberai Peninsu¬
la, Ayamaru vill. 23 km SE, Aqafu springs, 1°23’15S,
132°22’04”E, -330-340 m, 04.IX.2015, primary low¬
land rainforest on limestone, near the springs, leg.
D.Telnov; 6 adults NME, 5 adults & 1 subadult KGC: IN¬
DONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Misool Island (central). River
Gam upstream, Gamta vill. 12-14 km NW, 01°57’50”S,
130°11’09”E, 70-350 m, 04-06.11.2012, primary low¬
land rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov; 1 adult & 1
subadult KGC: INDONESIA E, West PAPUA, Onin Peninsu¬
la, Fak-Fak 10 km E, 2°56’32”S, 132°23’0rE, Sakar-
teman vill. 1-4 km W, River Sakarteman valley, 350-450
m, 26.IX.2010, primary lowland rainforest on limestone,
leg. K.Greke.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. This species is
named after its collector, famous entomologist Dr.
Dmitry Telnov (The Entomological Society of Latvia,
RTga).
References: Smith E.A. (1897b: 418, pi. 9 fig. 27),
as Dipiommatina symmetrica; van Benthem Jutting
(1958a: 295, 319), as Dipiommatina symmetrica;
van Benthem Jutting (1963: 711), as Dipiomma-
186
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
tina symmetrica.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 3.4 nnnn, D = 1.9
nnnn, HW = 1.9 nnnn, PD = 1.55 nnnn. Selected para-
typic specinnen fronn locus typicus: H = 3.3 nnnn, D =
1.75 nnnn, PD = 1.5 nnnn. Selected paratypic speci-
nnens fronn Liter lake env.: H = 3.7 nnnn, D = 2 nnnn,
HW = 2 nnnn, PD = 1.6 nnnn; H = 3.45 nnnn, D = 1.4
nnnn, PD = 1.5 nnnn; H = 3.35 nnnn, D = 1.9 nnnn,
PD = 1.3 nnnn. Selected paratypic specinnens fronn
Misool: H = 3.8 nnnn, D = 2 nnnn, PD = 1.6 nnnn; H =
3.55 nnnn, D = 2 nnnn, PD = 1.5 nnnn. Selected para¬
typic specinnens from Onin Peninsula: H = 3.6 mm,
D = 2 mm, HW = 1.8 mm, PD = 1.5 mm.
Description: Shell is large, reddish to pale brown
with bright orange embryonic whorls in adult (whit¬
ish to yellowish when juvenile), dextral, elongate,
and rather broadly conical with convex apex. Shell
with 7% convex whorls, the IV2-2 embryonic whorls
are densely microscopically pitted. The suture is
rather deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl rather
bulbous, it is wider than the penultimate whorl in
apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction is poorly defined by axial ribs becom¬
ing denser and stronger sinuous. The constriction
is more or less centered in apertural view. The te-
leoconch is sculptured with coarse, dense, sinu¬
ous axial ribs (the ribs are humped on the ultimate
whorl in apertural view). The ribs are C-like sinuous
below the suture, becoming weaker at the point of
inflection resulting in a spiral groove below the su¬
ture (perfectly visible in subadult specimens in top
view, Plate 26 fig. 21). There are no abrupt changes
in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique to
the coiling axis. There are 8-10 ribs per 1 mm. Spi¬
ral striae are very delicate, dense (5 rows of spiral
striae per 50 pm measured on the ultimate whorl
above the aperture by 200x magnification). The ap¬
erture is tilted about 25-35 ° to the coiling axis and
is circular and has entire apertural rim. The aper¬
ture is more or less centered below the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The parietal margin of the
peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The
peristome is distinctly double, thin in lateral view.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus on the palatal, basal and columellar margins.
Both the inner and outer peristomes are more or
less equally strong, with a few delicate lamellae in-
between. In certain specimens the palatal margin
of the outer peristome is slightly sinuous. There is
one high and acute parietalis. There are three pala-
talis. One long longitudinally-transverse -| shaped
palatalis situated above the columellar side of the
peristome. Another obliquely transverse palatalis
situated near the suture / upper side of the ulti¬
mate whorl in central position regarding to the ap¬
erture. The third long transverse palatalis is incon¬
spicuous and is running parallel with -| shaped one.
The columella is shiny, obliquely twisted, forming a
strong acute oblique median columellaris. One dis¬
tinct columellar denticle, not directed downwards.
The operculum is primitive - semicircular, transpar¬
ent, with few concentric lines.
Differential diagnosis: This species is extreme¬
ly similar to Diplommatina mertoni C.R. Boettger,
1922 (Aru Islands) and D. symmetrica Hedley,
1891 (Louisiade Islands). Consider table 8 for diag¬
nosis of these species. Thus, the characters slightly
vary (comparative specimens are mandatory for
proper identification). In general, genetic analysis
is required to highlight phylogenetic relationships
between these three species.
Table 8. Papuan species of Diplommatina s. I. similar to D. telnovi sp. nov. and their distinctive characters.
Phylogeny: According results of 001 analysis
(specimens sampled ~15 km N of Ayamaru vill.) this
species represents Webster’s et al. (2012) clade E
and demonstrates far relationship with Bornean D.
gomantongensis E.A. Smith, 1894 and North Mo-
luccan Diancta constricta (Martens, 1864) (con¬
sider chapter “Phylogeny”).
Ecology: This species occurs in primary lowland
rainforests on limestone soils or on dolomite. Spec¬
imens were sampled from underside of large fallen
187
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
leaves in wet leaf litter, also at base of linnestone
rocks and near large standing trees.
Distribution: New Guinea: lowlands of Doberai
Peninsula & Onin Peninsula; Raja Annpat Islands:
Misool Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is 28000 knn^, however the nnaxinnunn
ECO estinnated over 60000 knn^. The current AGO
is 28 knn^. The nnaxinnunn AGO is likely at least 500
knn^ considering available habitat. The population
size is unknown, but this species in not unconn-
nnon. There are at least 5 locations considering
the presently known distribution and with regard to
the nnain threat. Habitat loss and alteration qualify
as the nnain threats. Both Misool Island and Onin
Peninsula of New Guinea not suffered fronn defor¬
estation and prinnary rainforest loss (Global Forest
Watch 2016). Southern lowlands of Doberai Penin¬
sula are affected by deforestation caused prinnar-
ily by oil-drilling industry, strong developnnent due
to the Papuan Autononny (investnnents) and grow¬
ing hunnan population. Still, there are vast areas of
untouched forests available for D. telnovi sp. nov.
in this area. I cannot predict significant decline in
the ECO or AGO for this species within the next 10
years.
Diplommatina (s. I.) timorensis sp. nov. (Fig. 22,
plate 25 figs 25-29, map 12)
httD://zoobank.org/3DDDF152-329A-444A-95B8-
54CB79CE812B
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Timor W, Fatumnasi vill.
3 km NNE, 9°37’28”S, 124°14’19”E, 1620-1630 m,
05.IV.2016, base of limestone outcrop, leaf litter, leg.
L. Wagner.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species is
named after its area of origin, Timor Island.
Measurements: Holotype (adult shell is decol¬
late) H = 2 mm, D = 0.95 mm, HW = 0.9 mm, PD =
0.7 mm.
Description: Shell is small, yellowish, dextral,
narrow and high conical. Shell with 4V2 convex
whorls (adult shell is decollate), number of embry¬
onic whorls is unknown. The suture is rather deeply
impressed. The ultimate whorl is as wide as the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus
is narrowly open, perspective. The constriction is
poorly defined by a short and shallow impression.
The constriction is situated on same axis with the
columellar side of the aperture. The teleoconch
is sculptured with fine, dense, straight axial ribs.
There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pat¬
tern. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are slightly oblique to the
coiling axis. There are about 12-13 ribs per 0.5
mm. Spiral striae are delicate and dense. The aper¬
ture is not or slightly tilted to the coiling axis, is oval
or subquadrate and has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is more or less centered below the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The peristome is
simple and forms a continuous polished callus. The
parietal margin is attached to the ultimate whorl.
The palatal margin of the peristome is slightly sinu¬
ous. There is one very high and acute parietalis.
The columella is shiny, obliquely twisted, forming
an acute oblique median columellaris. One very in¬
conspicuous flat columellar denticle, not directed
downwards and not visible in the aperture in aper¬
tural view. Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This new species is sim¬
ilar to several Diplommatina with fusiform and de¬
collate shells from Lesser Sunda Islands (D. floris
B. Rensch, 1931, D. fluminis B. Rensch, 1931, D.
leucopsis van Benthem Jutting, 1958b, D. lucifuga
van Benthem Jutting, 1958b) and North Moluccas
(D. moluccensis sp. nov.; see description of this
species above). D. timorensis sp. nov. is conspicu¬
ous primarily in having open umbilicus, simple peri¬
stome (peristome is clearly double in D. floris, D.
leucopsis, D. lucifuga, D. moluccensis sp. nov.),
very flat columellar denticle which is not visible in
apertural view (cd is distinct in D. leucopsis and D.
moluccensis sp. nov.) and in both the ultimate and
penultimate whorls being of equal width (the ulti¬
mate whorl is distinctly narrower than the penulti¬
mate whorl in apertural view in D. fluminis and D.
leucopsis).
Ecology: This species was found in leaf litter of
lower montane rainforest at base of the limestone
outcrop at -1600 m altitude.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor Island.
Gonservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EGO and
AGO. The maximum EGO for this species estimated
less than 20000 km^ taking into account the area
of Timor and the distribution of rainforests on this
predominantly arid island. The population size and
trend as well as threats are unknown for this spe¬
cies. Further research is required to clarify distribu¬
tion, population size, trends and highlight threats
for D. timorensis sp. nov.
Diplommatina (s. I.) torquiiia van Benthem Jut¬
ting, 1958 (Plate 27 figs 1-3, map 12)
Holotype NHMB: Holotypus [handwritten] / Diplonnnna-
tina Stal. 373 Holotypus torquiiia [handwritten] / 6081 a
Sunnba,Kodi [printed] / HOLOTYPUS [printed, label pink,
188
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
glued on glass].
Paratypes 3 adults & 2 juv. NHMB: Paratypen [hand¬
written] / Diplommatina torquilla n. sp. Paratypen
[handwritten] / Naturhist. Museum Basel Coll. Dr. Buh-
ler Dr. Sutter 1949 Kodi Sumba 373 [printed] / 6081 b
Sumba,Kodi [printed] / PARATYPOIDE [printed, label light
green, glued on glass] [two adults are badly broken].
References: van Benthenn Jutting (1958b: 97, pi.
1 fig. 4); Monk et al. (1997: 395).
Measurennents: Holotype (adult shell is decol¬
late) H = 2.5 nnnn, D = 1.3 nnnn, HW = 1.1 nnnn, PD
= 0.83 nnnn. Selected paratypic specinnens (adult
shells are decollate) H = 2.4 mm, D = 1.2 mm, PD =
0.8 mm; H = 2.35 mm, D = 1.25 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, white, dextral,
narrow and high conical. Shell with 5V2-6 convex
whorls (adult shell is decollated), number of em¬
bryonic whorls is unknown. The suture is deeply
impressed. The penultimate whorl is bulbous. The
ultimate whorl is constricted, distinctly narrower
than the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is
poorly defined by a short and shallow impression.
The constriction situated slightly beyond the aper¬
ture in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured
with coarse, very widely-spaced, straight axial ribs.
There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pat¬
tern. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are straight to the coiling
axis. There are about 4 ribs per 0.5 mm, the ribs
becoming denser on the apertural side of the ul¬
timate whorl. Spiral striae are distinct and dense.
The aperture is tilted about 10-15° to the coiling
axis, is oval and has entire apertural rim. The pa¬
rietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The peristome is double, thin in lat¬
eral view. The palatal margins of both the inner and
outer peristomes are sinuous. The inner peristome
forms a continuous polished callus. One small but
distinct columellar denticle, not directed down¬
wards. No specimens were available to study the
internal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba Is¬
land.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD.
Diplommatina torquilla is known from type series
sampled about 70 years ago from single locality.
This species has not been collected again. Further
research is required to clarify status of this species
in the wild, assess its distribution, population size,
trends and highlight threats.
Diplommatina (s. I.) waigeoensis sp. nov. (Figs 23-
24, plate 27 figs 4-11, map 20)
httD://zoobank.org/E6561481-90Bl-4E7B-A066-
39FD16C092F3
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Is¬
land, Majalibit Bay, Waisai 19 km NE, River Werabiai val¬
ley, 00°18’02”S, 130°56’00”E, 40-60 m, 20.11.2012,
primary lowland rainforest on limestone, D.Telnov.
Paratypes 84 specimens: 25 adults, 1 subadult, 2
Juv. NME, 23 adults KGC, 3 LKCNHM & 4 SMF: same
label as holotype; 12 adults & 1 Juv. KGC: INDONESIA
E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Island, Waisai 10-13 km NE,
00°21’17”S, 130°54’37”E, ~70 m, 16.11.2012, primary
lowland rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov; 1 adult
NME & 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo
Island, Waisai 3 km W, 00°26’04”S, 130°47’4rE, 40-
50 m, 17.11.2012, secondary lowland rainforest on lime¬
stone, leg. D.Telnov; 2 adults, 2 subadult NME & 3 adults
KGC: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Island, Waisai
10 km NWW, 00°24’46”S, 130°44’11”E, 70-200 m,
19.11.2012, primary lowland rainforest on limestone,
leg. D.Telnov; 4 adults KGC: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat,
Waigeo Island, Waisai 4,5 km SW, Waiwo dive resort,
00°26’07”S, 130°46’45”E, 10-15 m, 21.11.2012, pri¬
mary lowland rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. Named after
Waigeo Island, the area of origin of this species.
Measurements: Holotype H = 3 mm, D = 1.6 mm,
HW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.2 mm. Selected paratypic
specimens from type locality: H = 3.2 mm, D = 1.7
mm, HW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.25 mm; H = 3.2, D = 1.7
mm, HW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.3 mm. Selected para¬
typic specimens from Waisai 3 km W: H = 2.9 mm,
D = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.2 mm; H = 2.9 mm, D = 1.65
mm, PD = 1.15 mm. Selected paratypic specimens
from River Werabiai valley: H = 3.1, D = 1.75 mm,
PD = 1.3 mm; H = 2.9 D = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.2 mm.
Description: Shell is small, corneous to pale or¬
ange, sinistral and rather broadly conical with con¬
vex apex. Shell with 7 convex whorls, the IV2 em¬
bryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture
is moderately deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl
is wider than the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constric¬
tion very poorly defined by very shallow inconspicu¬
ous impression. The constriction is more or less
centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with coarse, dense, straight to slightly sinu¬
ous axial ribs. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are straight
to the coiling axis. There are 7 ribs per 0.5 mm.
Spiral striae are very delicate, dense, becoming
more distinct on the last half whorl. The aperture
is not or barely tilted to the coiling axis, is subquad-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
rate and has entire apertural rinn. The peristonne is
double, thin in lateral view. The parietal nnargin of
the peristonne is attached to the ultinnate whorl. The
inner peristonne fornns a continuous polished cal¬
lus. The palatal and the basal nnargins of the outer
peristonne are distinctly sinuous. Three obtuse pro-
trudings present each on the palatal, basal and col-
unnellar sides (last one is less distinct) of the outer
peristonne. There is one high and acute parietalis.
There is one distinct long longitudinal palatalis
situated over the colunnellar and the parietal sides
of the aperture. The colunnella is shiny, obliquely
twisted, fornning very broad oblique basal colunnel-
laris which strongly widening backwards. One snnall
colunnellar denticle, not directed downwards. The
operculunn is prinnitive - sennicircular, translucent
and with concentric lines.
Differential diagnosis: This new species is
distinctive due to the structure of the colunnellaris
which is provided with very broad oblique prebasal
lannella. Most closely related Diplommatina maibrat
sp. nov. fronn southern lowlands of Doberai Penin¬
sula, West New Guinea (see description of this spe¬
cies above) but differs specifically in shorter palata¬
lis (palatalis is twice so long in D. waigeoensis sp.
nov.). Spiral striae are less distinct in D. waigeoen¬
sis sp. nov. than in D. maibrat sp. nov. and there is
one more whorl (W = 6 in D. maibrat sp. nov.).
Ecology: Specimens were sampled from under¬
side of wet fallen leaves in primary lowland rain¬
forests on limestone (karst area). This species is
connected with wet rainforest litter accumulating at
base of limestone rocks and near buttress roots of
large trees.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo Island.
Conservation status: Endangered, EN
BlB2ab(iii,iv). This species inhabits both western
and eastern peninsulas of Waigeo and is hitherto
reported from three localities, all in the southern
part of this island. The current ECO is about 100
km^, the maximum ECO estimated below 5000 km^
(taking into account the area of Waigeo and adja¬
cent islets as well as available habitat). The current
AGO is 20 km^, but the maximum AGO estimated
less than 500 km^ taking into account available
habitat and soil types as well as biogeographical
peculiarities of Waigeo. The population size is un¬
known, but this species is rather abundant in pri¬
mary lowland rainforests on limestone soils. The
population is not fragmented. Decline in extent and
quality of habitat caused by conversion of rainfor¬
est into gardens, timber collecting and small-scale
logging considered the main threat for this spe¬
cies. It results in habitat alteration, fragmentation
and decline in AGO. Growing human population of
southern Waigeo and increasing tourism in this
area (both national and international) are demand¬
ing more gardens, infrastructure (roads, airport,
sea ports) and resorts. Waigeo became the regen¬
cy capital of Raja Ampat administrative province of
Indonesia couple of years ago. This boosted local
development, increasing investments into Waisai,
the new regency capital. Provincial airport has
been established and Waigeo Ring road was build;
this happened in coastal area which was covered
by primary rainforest just 10 years ago. Waigeo is
initially rich in limestone rocks and the limestone
is widely used for road and buildings construction.
Human population is growing mostly as a result of
immigration from other islands of Indonesia. New
inhabitants require more firewood and charcoal.
An illegal logging is rare but is a reality to reckon
with. Aforementioned factors caused decline in
extent of primary lowland rainforests, especially
in SW of Waigeo. This trend is observed, projected
and likely to continue in the future. Specimens of
D. waigeoensis sp. nov. were not yet observed in
disturbed forests. However they possible may sur¬
vive also in a secondary rainforests with closed
canopy (wet litter is the key). I consider there are
at least two locations known for this species (W
and E peninsulas of Waigeo). Between 2001-2014
south-western Waigeo lost just about 1100 ha of
the rainforest (calculated for canopy density over
25% according to the Global Forest Watch (2016)),
but almost exactly in the area where D. waigeoen¬
sis sp. nov. occurs. Further research is required to
clarify the distribution of this species and highlight
the population size and trend. It is also important to
clarify does D. waigeoensis sp. nov. occurs all over
Waigeo or is limited to southern part of it.
Moussonia 0. Semper, 1865
Type species: Pupa probiematica Mousson,
1865 (original designation)
Diagnosis: Shell elongate conical, dextral, oval,
non-umbilicate. Protoconch whorls are smooth
to finely microgranulate. Teleoconch whorls are
keeled (on periphery) or rounded. Shell is smooth
to finely ribbed. The ultimate whorl narrowed or not
narrowed. The inner peristome forms polished cal¬
lus which is at least briefly discontinued bythecolu-
mellar denticle. The columellaris ends in a distinct
columellar denticle at a central to basal position in
the aperture. Internal lamellae include one colu¬
mellaris, two parietals and one or two palatals (with
some exceptions, see Table 9). The operculum is
190
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
oval or sennicirculah transparent, and very thin and
flexible with a calcareous plate which lacks ridges.
Rennark: This genus is quite polynnorphic and ab¬
errant in certain conchological characters (e.g. axi¬
al ribs and shell shape).
Distribution: Borneo, Moluccan Islands, New
Guinea with satellite islands, Fiji Islands, Sannoa
Islands.
Diversity in the study area: Twelve species
hitherto confirmed (Table 9).
Table 9. Characters matrix 4. Genus Moussonia 0. Semper.
Legends: + present; - absent; ? - unknown; r = axial ribs on the penultimate whorl straight (1) or humped (2); rp =
axial ribs in form of delicate striation (0), ribbing pattern widely-spaced throughout the teleoconch (1) or dense (2);
s = axial ribs provided with setae; pr = peristomal rim; u = umbilicus open (-r) or closed (-); pt = number of palatalis;
prt = number of parietalis; ck = columella provided with knob (+) on simple (-); d = dextral or ss = sinistroid.
Moussonia ahena (Preston, 1913) (Plate 27 figs
12-16, map 6)
Lectotype BMNH [herewith designated]: (Moussonia)
ahena [written like “akena”] Preston. Diplommatina Tvoe
Isd. of Beilan, Beilan Dutch. E. Indies, [handwritten] /
Type, [printed] / ahena Preston. Dutch. E. Indies. Dipl.
1914.1.7.460. [handwritten].
Para lectotype MHUB [herewith designated]: Zoolog.
Museum Berlin, [printed, underlined] Moussonia ahena
Prest. Isd. of Beilan-Beilan Moluccen [sic!] 63795. Pres¬
ton [handwritten] / 63795. [handwritten]. Another para-
lectotype in SMF (specimen No 105169).
Lectotype designation: Syntypic specimen
from BMNFI was selected as lectotype.
References: Preston (1913: 439); Zilch (1953:
39, pi. 13 fig. 198), as Diplommatina (Moussonia)
ahena.
Measurements: Lectotype FI = 2.7 mm, D = 1.2
mm, FIW = 1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm. Paralectotype from
MFIUB FI = 2.7 mm, D = 1.2 mm, FIW = 1 mm, PD
= 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, brown coloured,
dextral, narrowly conical. Shell with 8 rather flat
whorls with obtuse peripheral carina. The IV2 em¬
bryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture
is moderately deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl
is as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The constriction is not delimited on shell wall.
The teleoconch is sculptured with coarse, dense.
and humped axial ribs. The ribs are equally dense
on all whorls. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are strong¬
ly oblique to the coiling axis. Spiral striae are not
visible at 80x magnification. The aperture is tilted
about 20-25 ° to the coiling axis and is circular and
has entire apertural rim. The aperture is shifted
right against the coiling axis in apertural view. The
peristome is distinctly double, all its margins are
not sinuous. The parietal margin of the peristome is
attached to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome
forms a continuous polished callus. One large colu-
mellar denticle directed downwards. No specimens
were available to study the internal lamellae. Oper¬
culum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Belangbelang Island is cov¬
ered by primary lowland rainforest on limestone
soil.
Distribution: Southernmost North Moluccas:
Belangbelang Island of Obi Islands group. Almost
certainly should be present on other islands of Obi
group, particularly on limestone Obilatu Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Mous¬
sonia ahena is known by type specimens sampled
over 100 years ago from single locality. Therefore
not enough data available to calculate current EOO
and AOO. The area of Belangbelang Island is 7 km^.
The total area of all Obi Islands is about 5100 km^.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
It is very unlikely M. ahena occurs all over Obi Is¬
lands (especially not on distant Gonnunnu and To-
balai). Moreover, only snnall fractions of Obi rainfor¬
ests are located on linnestone soils. Consequently,
the nnaxinnunn ECO for this species estinnated below
5000 knn^. The nnain threat for this species is loss
of the habitat (lowland rainforest on linnestone), but
this to be confirnned. Belangbelang Island is unin¬
habited, but all neighbouring islands (snnall Bisa,
Obilatu, Tapat and large Obira) are inhabited. The
area covered by rainforest on Obi Islands is de¬
creasing. Between 2001 and 2014 about 11000
ha of the rainforest were lost (calculated for canopy
density over 25% according to the Global Forest
Watch (2016)). This trend is likely to continue tak¬
ing into account the growing hunnan population on
the Moluccas and presence of the large nickel nnine
in W Obira (attracting additional workers from other
regions of Indonesia). Additional research on Obira
Island carried out by the Florida Museum of Natural
History (2008), as well as extensive search on Bisa
and Obira islands (by the Entomological Society of
Latvia, 2011 & 2013) gave no results for this spe¬
cies. The population of M. ahena is likely not rich or
geographically restricted to limestone islands. Fur¬
ther research is required on Belangbelang to clarify
the population size and trend. Search for M. ahena
population to be performed also on Obilatu, Tapat,
as well as on Obira.
Moussonia echinata sp. nov. (Plate 27 figs 20-22,
map 22)
http://zoobank.org/5A08EB55-B69F-48F8-A699-
6F9B607C3E3F
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, West Papua, S Bird’s
Neck, Kaimana 40 km E, Triton bay, Lobo vill. & env.,
3°45’33”S, 134°06’H”E, 15-150 m, 11-12.IX.2010,
primary rainforest on limestone, leg. K.Greke.
Derivatio nominis: Named from the Latin ‘echi-
natus’ [bristly, spiny], because of the extraordinarily
setose shell.
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.2 mm, D = 1.1
mm, HW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is small, pale brown, dextral,
and narrowly conical. Shell with 7 rather flat whorls
with obtuse peripheral carina, the 2 embryonic
whorls are microscopically pitted. Suture deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The constriction is
not delimited on shell wall. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with membranous, dense, and humped axial
ribs. These ribs are equally dense on all whorls. The
peripheral carina of teleoconch whorls is covered
with long membranous setae derived from the axial
ribs. There are no abrupt changes in ribbing pattern.
The ribs are partly synchronized with those on the
previous whorls. The ribs are strongly oblique to the
coiling axis. Spiral striae are only vaguely indicated
on the last half of the ultimate whorl. The aperture
is tilted about 25 ° against the coiling axis. The cir¬
cular peristome is discontinued at the insertion
of the columellar denticle. The aperture is shifted
right against the coiling axis in apertural view. The
parietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The peristome is double and con¬
sists of several dense lamellae in lateral view. The
inner peristome forms a broad continuous polished
callus. Both the inner and outer peristomes are not
or only slightly sinuous. One large columellar den¬
ticle directed downwards. Because only one speci¬
men was available for study, I did not damage the
shell to observe the internal lamellae which remain
unknown for this species. Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Due to its setose shell
Moussonia echinata sp. nov. is similar to M. hirsuta
(Zilch, 1953) (Central Moluccas), M. manuseiae
sp. nov. (Central Moluccas; see description of this
species below) and M. strubeiii (0. Boettger, 1891)
(Central Moluccas). Shells of both M. manuseiae
sp. nov. and M. strubeiii bear rectangular micros¬
culpture. Both species have shells of 8 whorls. The
most similar species to M. echinata sp. nov. is M.
hirsuta which is significantly larger (3.6 mm shell
height in M. hirsuta compared to 2.2 mm in M.
echinata sp. nov.), M. hirsuta has 8 whorls (com¬
pared to 7 whorls in M. echinata sp. nov.) and the
second obtuse carina is present on the base of the
last whorl in M. hirsuta (in M echinata sp. nov. only
one carina present).
Ecology: Found in leaf litter of primary lowland
rainforest on limestone soil.
Distribution: New Guinea: Bird’s Neck isthmus.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Mous¬
sonia echinata sp. nov. is known from a single
specimen. Not enough data available to calculate
current ECC and ACC. Population size and trend
are unknown, as well as threats. Further research
is required to gather this basic information.
Moussonia hirsuta (Zilch, 1953) (Plate 27 figs 17-
19)
Holotype SMF: Dipl. (Moussonia) hirsuta Fult. xx Buru
[handwritten, label yellow] / Senckenbg.Mus. [printed]
105173/1 [handwritten] Frankfurt.-M. [printed] Diplonn-
nnatina (Moussonia) hirsuta (Fulton) [underlined] Z. Ho-
lotypus Molukken: Insel Buru Fulton d. [handwritten]
Sannnniung O.v.Moellendorff [printed].
192
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
References: Fulton (1899: 213), as Diplomma-
tina Strubelli, Bttg.; van Benthenn Jutting (1927: 4),
as Diplommatina strubelli Bottg.; Zilch (1953: 39,
pi. 13 fig. 197).
Measurennents: Holotype H = 3.6 nnnn, D = 1.6
nnnn, HW = 1.5 nnnn, PD = 1.3 nnnn.
Description: Shell is large, brown, dextral, nar¬
rowly conical. Shell with 8 rather flat whorls with
obtuse peripheral carina, the 2 ennbryonic whorls
are microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply
impressed. The ultimate whorl is as wide as the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The constric¬
tion is not delimited on shell wall. The teleoconch is
sculptured with membranous dense and humped
axial ribs. The ribs are almost equally dense on
all whorls. There are no abrupt changes in the rib¬
bing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are strongly
oblique to the coiling axis. Spiral striae are distinct
but poorly visible from between the ribs. The pe¬
ripheral carina of teleoconch whorls is covered with
long membranous setae derived from the axial ribs.
The second, rather inconspicuous obtuse carina is
situated on the base of the ultimate whorl. The ap¬
erture is tilted about 20-25 ° to the coiling axis and
is circular. The apertural rim is discontinued at the
insertion of the columellar denticle. The aperture is
more or less strongly shifted right against the coil¬
ing axis in apertural view. The peristome is double,
margins of the peristome are not sinuous. The pa¬
rietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms narrow
continuous polished callus. One large columellar
denticle directed downwards. No specimens were
available to study the internal lamellae. Operculum
is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Buru Island was initially cov¬
ered by lowland to mid montane rainforest.
Distribution: Central Moluccas: Buru Island. Ex¬
act locality is unknown, therefore a distribution
map is not given.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Mous-
sonla hirsuta is known from a single specimen col¬
lected over 100 years ago. This species has not
been collected again. Not enough data available to
calculate current EOO and AOO. Further research is
required to gather this basic information.
Moussonia hyponepia (van Benthem Jutting,
1958) comb. nov. (Plate 28 figs 1-3, map 16)
Holotype NMNL: Misool, Waima, 0-75 m Lieftinck, M.A.
1948.09.10 [printed] / ZMA.M0LL135954 [printed] /
Diplommatina Moussonia hyponepia Van Benthem Jut¬
ting, 1958 [printed].
Pa raty pes 5 specimens NMNL: not studied.
References: van Benthem Jutting (1958a: 296,
321), as Diplommatina (Moussonia) hyponepia.
Measurements: Holotype: H = 1 mm, D = 0.8
mm, HW = 0.45 mm, PD = 0.4 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens (according to the original descrip¬
tion): H = 1 mm, D = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.5 mm; H = 0.9
mm, D = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.5 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, brown to pale-
brown, dextral, short conical. Shell with 6 convex
whorls with inconspicuous peripheral carina, the 2
embryonic whorls are microscopically pitted. The
suture is moderately deeply impressed. The ulti¬
mate whorl is as wide or almost as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is not delimited on
shell wall. The teleoconch is sculptured with fine,
widely-spaced, indistinctly humped axial ribs. The
ribs are equally dense on all whorls, but becoming
more widely-spaced on the last half whorl. There
are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The
ribs are not synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. Spiral
striae are lacking. The aperture is tilted about 35-
40° to the coiling axis and is circular. The apertural
rim discontinued at the insertion of the columel¬
lar denticle. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
parietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The peristome is double, broad in
lateral view, all margins of the peristome are not
sinuous. The inner peristome forms a polished cal¬
lus which is discontinued near the columellar / pa¬
rietal junction. The outer peristome is discontinued
on the columellar side. A strong peristomal rim is
present. There is one large columellar denticle, it
is directed downwards. No specimens were avail¬
able to study the internal lamellae. Operculum is
unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Misool Island is covered by pri¬
mary lowland rainforest on limestone soils.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Mous¬
sonia hyponepia is known from type series col¬
lected over 60 years ago in NW Misool. Not enough
data available to calculate current EOO and AOO.
The maximum EOO estimated about 1100 km^ tak¬
ing into account the area of northern and central
Misool (M. hyponepia was not found in S and E
Misool despite intense research performed in 2009
and 2012 by the Entomological Society of Latvia ex¬
peditions). The maximum AOO estimated higher but
definitively under 500 km^. The population size and
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
trend are unknown. The nnain threat for this spe¬
cies is unknown. Misool Island is still very forested
and hunnan population is connparatively snnall even
despite continuous growth. Further research is re¬
quired in order to clarify status of this species in the
wild, assess its distribution, population size, trends
and highlight threats.
Moussonia manuselae sp. nov. (Fig. 25, plate 28
figs 4-6, nnap 7)
httD://zoobank.org/3C8DDE52-0E7F-46ED-95B4-
20DB22DACAFD
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Prov. Maluku tengah, Se¬
ram N, distr. Seram Utara, Trans-Seram road between
Masohi and Sawai, Morale (former Saka) vill. ~7 km SW,
river valley, 02°59’15”S, 129°02’37”E, 07.IV.2009, pri¬
mary lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg. K.Greke.
Pa retypes: 1 adult KGC: same label as holotype; 1
adult & 4 juv. LKCNHM: ZRC.1999.2415 [handwritten]
/ Coll. J.J. Vermeulen, nr. 5302 Diplommatina hirsute
Zilch 1953 - Diplomm. * [printed] ZRC.1999.2415 5
nos. (1 broken) [handwritten] INDONESIA. Ceram, cen¬
tral part, above Moso. Rock overhang in forest. Alt. 600
m asl. Leg. A.J. Whitten, 1996. [printed] / ZOOLOGICAL
REFERENCE COLLECTION DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE [printed] Diplom-
matinidae ZRC.M0L.10457 Ex [handwritten] ZRC. [print¬
ed] 199.2415 [handwritten] No. Spec, [printed] 5 nos. (1
broken) [handwritten] Species, [printed] Diplommatina
hirsute ZILCH, 1953 [handwritten] Locality [printed] In¬
donesia, Ceram, central part, above Moso. AH. 600 m
asl [handwritten] Collector [printed] A J Whitten [hand¬
written] Date [printed] 1996 [handwritten] Det. by [print¬
ed] JJ Vermeulen, nr. 5302 [handwritten] Date [printed].
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. The nanne de¬
rives fronn Manusela, Serann’s fannous central ridge
reaching over 3000 nn altitude.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2.8 nnnn, D = 1.5
mm, HW = 1.45 mm, PD = 1.1 mm. Paratypic speci¬
men from locus typicus H = 2.85 mm, D = 1.55
mm, HW = 1.45 mm, PD = 1.1 mm.
Description: Shell is small, dark brown, dextral,
and conical. Shell with 7-7V4 rather flat whorls with
obtuse peripheral carina, the 2 embryonic whorls
are microscopically pitted. The suture is broad and
very deeply, cavity-like impressed (best viewed with
shell pubescence removed). The ultimate whorl is
as wide as or slightly wider than the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The constriction is not de¬
limited on shell wall. The teleoconch is sculptured
with membranous, dense and humped axial ribs.
There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern.
The ribs are partially synchronized with those of the
previous whorls and are almost equally dense on all
whorls. The ribs are strongly oblique to the coiling
axis. The peripheral carina of the teleoconch is cov¬
ered with long membranous setae derived from the
axial ribs. Spiral striae strong and dense, strongly
wavy on lower part of the ribs. A network of conspic¬
uous impressed, irregularly rectangular cells is de¬
veloped between the spiral and axial sculpture. The
aperture is tilted about 40° to the coiling axis and
is circular. The apertural rim discontinued at the in¬
sertion of columellar denticle. The aperture is shift¬
ed right against the coiling axis in apertural view.
The parietal margin of the peristome is attached
to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is double. The
palatal margins of both peristomes are slightly sin¬
uous. The inner peristome forms a narrow continu¬
ous polished callus. There is one flat and obtuse
transverse parietalis. One large round columellar
denticle is directed downwards. The columella is
very broad, obliquely twisted, forms a broad obtuse
horizontal columellaris in its basal third. Operculum
is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Due to its setose shell
Moussonia manuselae sp. nov. is similar to M. echi-
nata sp. nov. (Bird’s Neck Isthmus of New Guinea;
see description of this species above), M. hirsuta
(Zilch, 1953) and M. strubelli (0. Boettger, 1891)
(last two from Central Moluccas). The new species
differs specifically in less slender shell and pres¬
ence of strong rectangular sculpture on the teleo¬
conch (in M. strubelli similar sculpture is present
but is less conspicuous). Supposedly non-setose M.
papuana (Tapparone Canefri, 1883) (Aru Islands)
differs due to the absence of the rectangular shell
sculpture and in different columellaris. The most
similar M. echinata sp. nov. is smaller (shell height
2.2 mm) and slender, has delicately spirally striate
teleoconch whorls (spiral striae are distinct and
dense in M. manuselae sp. nov.) and the peristome
consists of several dense lamellae in M. echinata
sp. nov. (the peristome consists of two lamellae in
M. manuselae sp. nov.). M. hirsuta (Zilch, 1953)
(Central Moluccas) is one whorl bigger and has dif¬
ferent spiral structure.
Ecology: Specimens were sampled from under¬
side of leaf litter in a ravine rainforest and at base
of rock formations.
Distribution: Central Moluccas: Seram Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Mous¬
sonia manuselae sp. nov. is known from two locali¬
ties. Not enough data available to calculate current
ECC. The maximum ECC for this species is 17000
km^ taking into account the area of Seram Island.
The current ACC is 8 km^. The maximum ACC for
this species estimated over 500 km^ taking into
account available habitat. The population size and
194
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
trend as well as the nnain threat rennain unknown.
Further research is required to gather this basic in¬
formation.
Moussonia monstrificabilis sp. nov. (Figs 108-
109, plate 29 figs 1-8, map 16)
httD://zoobank.org/91DD77C2-3FA4-46Bl-9CEE-
7FACA685A217
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Misool Is¬
land (central), River Gam upstream, Gamta vill. 12-14
km NW, 01°57’50”S, 130°11’09”E, 70-350 m, 04-06.
11.2012, primary lowland rainforest on limestone, leg.
D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 4 adults & 2 Juv. NME, 10 adults, 1 sub¬
adult & 2 Juv. KGC: same label as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Named from Latin “monstri¬
ficabilis” [outlandish, rarity, strange], because of
unique twist of the shell with apex and aperture
Juxtaposed in same spot.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 2.05 mm, D = 1.35
mm, FIW = 1.75 mm, PD = 1 mm. Selected para-
typic specimen: FI = 2.3 mm, D = 1.45 mm, FIW =
1.2 mm, PD = 1.2 mm.
Description: Shell is small, brown, cylindrical and
sinistroid. Shell with 7 whorls, the outer whorls are
strongly convex. The five earliest whorls are dextral,
only slightly convex, forming a broadly triangular
shell with a flattened apex. Duringthe 5^^ whorl, shell
coiling reverses direction, the final 2-3 whorls form
a sinistral tuba on an otherwise dextral shell. The
tuba completely overgrows the initial dextral shell
and the aperture is deposited on top of the dex¬
tral shell apex. The suture is moderately deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is strongly constricted
at the aperture. The pseudoumbilicus is open and
perspective in the adult. The constriction is not de¬
limited on shell wall. Teleoconch is sculptured with
delicate and dense axial striations. There are no
abrupt changes in the striation pattern. The ribs are
not synchronized with those of previous whorls and
are straight on the first 5 whorls becoming oblique
after coiling reversal. Spiral striae are quite promi¬
nent and dense on all teleoconch whorls, the inner
and the outer ones. There is a very dense sculp¬
ture of delicate axial striae between the ribs - about
7-9 axial striae per 20 pm. Spiral striae are very
peculiar, strong and dense with impressed spaces
between ribs (building cellular structure - see Figs
108-109). The aperture is tilted about 20° against
the coiling axis. The circular peristomal rim is dis¬
continued on the columellar side at the insertion
of the columellar denticle. The aperture is more or
less centered below the penultimate whorl in ap-
ertural view. The peristome is simple, moderately
broad, discontinued at the insertion of the columel¬
lar denticle. The peristomal rim is reinforced by a
strong and broad labial callus. The parietal margin
of the aperture is pressed against the shell wall.
The margins of the peristome are not sinuous. The
peristome forms a broad polished and continuous
callus. On the third whorl an acute peripheral Cari¬
na develops, becoming stronger (broader) towards
the first whorl and is finally visible in the aperture
in a form of a large upwards directed columellar
denticle (consider right shell position - see Plate 29
figs 5-7). The carina is not visible on the outer shell
wall, but on the inner one (outer wall removed to
see the carina). Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: No similar species are
known within the family. This species is peculiar pri¬
marily due to the specific shell microsculpture and
sinistroid shell. Therefore Moussonia is the second
sinistroid genus of molluscs.
Phylogeny: A result of 001 analysis for this spe¬
cies is unique for the available Bayesian tree of the
Diplommatinidae (Clark et al. 2016). This species
together with Moussonia separanda sp. nov. (see
description of this species below) are representing
a distinct and very separate clade far beyond the
Cochlostomatidae, Cyclophoridae and Megalos-
tomatidae as proposed by Webster et al. (2012).
The hypothesis of the Diplommatinidae being poly-
phyletic is being therefore highlighted again. Thus,
many Diplommatinidae taxa to be reassessed both
anatomically and genetically as well as more nu¬
merous DNA analysis required for another caeno-
gastropod groups prior any conclusions will be
made (consider chapter “Phylogeny”).
Ecology: Specimens were sampled in primary
lowland rainforests on limestone anticlines, at alti¬
tudes 70-350 m.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current EOO is about 6 km^. The maximum EOO
estimated less than 2000 km^ taking into account
the area of Misool Island and available habitat.
The current AOO is 4 km^ . Flowever, the real AOO is
likely much higher. No data available on the popula¬
tion size and trend. Moussonia monstrificabilis sp.
nov. is not a common species. This species is cur¬
rently known from one locality. No major threats to
this species have been identified. Misool Island is
still very pristine and covered by primary rainforests
for over 75%. Flowever, human population is grow¬
ing and local development is ongoing because of
the establishment of new administrative division
on Misool in order to attract government fundings.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Hitherto no large scale deforestation is recorded on
Misool, but sonne areas (for exannple in the SE near
Lilinta vill.) suffered fronn snnall-scale illegal logging
over a decade ago. Significant decline in EOO, AGO
or quality of habitat cannot be projected for this
species within next 10 years. Further research is
required on the distribution of this species as well
as on threats to it.
Moussonia omias (van Benthem Jutting, 1958)
comb. nov. (Plate 28 figs 7-9, nnap 16)
Holotype NMNL: Misool, Wainna, 0-75 nn Lieftinck, M.A.
1948.09.10 [printed] /ZMA.M0LL135959 [printed] /
Diplonnnnatina onnias Van Benthenn Jutting, 1958 [print¬
ed].
Pa raty pes 52 NMNL: sanne labels as holotype.
References: van Benthenn Jutting (1958a: 296,
319), as Diplommatina (Moussonia) omias.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2.8 nnnn, D = 1.4
nnnn, HW = 1.3 nnnn, PD = 1 nnnn. Selected paratypic
specinnens (according to the original description): H
= 2.4 nnnn, D = 1.3 nnnn, PD = 0.9 nnnn; H = 2.9 nnnn,
D = 1.4 nnnn, PD = 1 nnnn; H = 2.6 nnnn, D = 1.3 nnnn,
PD = 0.8 nnnn.
Description: Shell is snnall, brown to reddish-
brown, dextral and short conical. Shell with 7 sonne-
what convex whorls with inconspicuous peripheral
Carina, the 2 ennbryonic whorls are microscopically
pitted. The suture is deeply impressed. The ulti¬
mate whorl is as wide or almost as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The constriction is
not delimited on shell wall. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with fine, dense, and indistinctly humped
axial ribs. The ribs are equally dense on all whorls,
but becoming more widely-spaced on the last half
whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are strongly oblique to the
coiling axis. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture
is tilted about 35-40° to the coiling axis and is circu¬
lar. The apertural rim discontinued at the insertion
of the columellar denticle. The aperture is shifted
right against the coiling axis or slightly shifted right
in apertural view. The parietal margin of the aper¬
ture is not fully attached to the ultimate whorl. The
peristome is double, broad in lateral view. Peristo¬
mal margins are not sinuous and are discontinued
on the columellar side. The inner peristome forms a
continuous polished callus. A strong peristomal rim
is present. One large columellar denticle directed
downwards. No specimens were available to study
the internal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Misool Island is covered by pri¬
mary lowland rainforests on limestone soils.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Mous¬
sonia omias is known from type series sampled
over 65 years ago from three localities in NW
Misool Island. This species has not been collected
again. Not enough data available to calculate cur¬
rent EOO and AGO. The maximum EOO estimated
1100 km^ taking into account the area of northern
and central Misool (this species was not found in
the South and East of Misool despite intense re¬
search in 2009 and 2012 by the expeditions of the
Entomological Society of Latvia). The maximum
AGO is definitively below the threshold of 500 km^.
The population size and trend are unknown, but M.
omias was locally abundant. The main threat for
this species cannot be identified. Misool Island is
still forested for over 75% and human population is
small despite continuous growth. Further research
is required on the distribution, population size as
well as on threats for M. omias.
Moussonia papuana (Tapparone Canefri, 1883)
(Figs. 26-27, plate 28 figs 10-13)
Lectotype MSNG: Museo Civico di Stoha Natur. di
Genova Molluschi della Nova Guinea [printed] 273
[handwriten] . Coll. 0. Beccari [printed] Moussonia Pap¬
uana Tapparone Canefri [handwritten] Ann.Mus.Civ.
Genova [printed] XIX [handwritten] p. [printed] 269 Wo-
kan [sic!], is. Aru [handwritten] / Museo Civico di Storia
Naturale di Genova [printed] Moussonia papuana Tapp.
Ann.M.G. XIX, 1883, p. 269, t. X, f. 16-17. Typus! Is. Aru:
Vokan [sic!], 1873. O.Beccari! [handwritten] / HOLOTYPE
[printed] / ICONOTYPE [printed].
Paralectotypes 26 adults: 23 adults MSNG: Museo
Civico di Storia Natur. di Genova Molluschi della Nova
Guinea [printed] 273 [handwriten] Coll. 0. Beccari [print¬
ed] Moussonia Papuana Tapparone Canefri [handwrit¬
ten] Ann.Mus.Civ.Genova [printed] XIX [handwritten] p.
[printed] 269 Wokan [sic!], is. Aru [handwritten] / Museo
Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova [printed] Moussonia
papuana Tapp. Ann.M.G. XIX, 1883, p. 269, t. X, f. 16-
17. Typus! Is. Aru: Vokan [sic!], 1873. O.Beccari! [hand¬
written] / PARATYPEN [printed]; 3 adults FMNH: 118376
[printed] / 118376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIS¬
TORY MOLLUSCA: DIPLOMMATINIDAE 3 dry specs.
Paralectotype(s): Moussonia papuana Tapparone Cane¬
fri, 1883 Sta. OB-118376, Indonesia, Moluccas, Aru Is¬
lands, Wokan 0. Beccari! Ex Museo Civico di Storia Natu¬
rale di Genova ‘Giaconno Doria’ (Acc.# 14301) [printed].
References: Tapparone Canefri (1883: 269, pi.
10 figs 16-17); Kobelt (1886: 174); Kobelt & von
Mollendorff (1898: 142), checklist, as Diplomma¬
tina subgen. Moussonia papuana; Kobelt (1902:
420), as Diplommatina (Moussonia) papuana;
196
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Boettger C.R. (1922: 359, 362, 402, pi. 22 fig. 35);
van Benthenn Jutting (1953: 288, 312), as Diplom-
matina papuana; Zilch (1953: 39), as Diplomma-
tina (Moussonia) papuana; van Benthenn Jutting
(1962: 10), as Moussonia papuana (Diplommatina
papuana), lectotype designation; van Benthenn Jut¬
ting (1963: 711), as Diplommatina papuana; Ver-
nneulen (1996c: 112), as Diplommatina papuana;
Monk et al. (1997: 395), as Diplommatina papua¬
na; Egorov (2013: 21, fig. 34b), as Diplommatina
(Moussonia) papuana.
Measurennents: Lectotype H = 2.2 nnnn, D = 1.1
nnnn, HW = 0.95 nnnn, PD = 0.75 nnnn. Selected para-
lectotypes: H = 2.1 nnnn, D = 1.1 nnnn, PD = 0.7 nnnn;
H = 1.9 nnnn, D = 1 nnnn, PD = 0.7 nnnn.
Description: Shell is very snnall, brownish, dextral
and narrowly conical. Shell with 7 convex whorls
with obtuse peripheral carina, the IV2 ennbryonic
whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply
impressed. The ultimate whorl is slightly narrower
than the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
constriction is not delimited on shell wall. The te-
leoconch is sculptured with coarse, dense, humped
axial ribs. The ribs are equally dense on all whorls.
There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pat¬
tern. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling
axis. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is tilted
about 30-40 ° to the coiling axis and is circular. The
apertural rim discontinued at the insertion of the
columellar denticle. The aperture is shifted right
against the coiling axis in apertural view. The peri¬
stome is double. The margins of the peristome are
not sinuous. The parietal margin of the peristome
is not fully attached to the ultimate whorl. The inner
peristome forms polished callus which is discontin¬
ued at the insertion of columellar denticle. There
is one short high and acute parietalis. The colu¬
mella is broad, obliquely twisted, forming a broad
and umbrella-like columellaris in its basal third.
One large columellar denticle directed downwards.
Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Tanahbesar Island is covered
with primary lowland rainforests on limestone soils.
Distribution: Aru Islands: Tanahbesar (= Wokam)
Island, possible also another islands of Aru group.
Record from Ambon Island in Central Moluccas
(van Benthem Jutting 1953) is supposedly based
on misidentified specimen which has not been
available for this study. Exact locality is unknown,
therefore a distribution map is not given.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Mous¬
sonia papuana is known from type series sampled
over 100 years ago from single locality. Not enough
data available to calculate current EOO and AOO.
The area of Tanahbesar Island is -1600 km^ but
the total land area of Aru Islands is about 6270 km^.
It is very unlikely M. papuana occurs all over Aru Is¬
lands (particularly not on southern part of Tarangan
(= Trangan) Island which is known by its savannah¬
like vegetation). Consequently, the maximum ECC
for this species estimated 9800 km^ (including nu¬
merous small islands adjacent to Aru). The main
threat is unknown. The area of Aru Islands covered
by rainforests is slowly decreasing, between 2001
and 2014 about 7500 ha of the rainforest were lost
(calculated for canopy density over 25% according
to the Global Forest Watch (2016)). Present human
population is small but it is also increasing. Addi¬
tional research is needed to clarify status of this
species in the wild, assess its population size as
well as highlight threats.
Moussonia pseudoseparanda sp. nov. (Figs 28-30,
plate 29 figs 9-12, map 24)
httD://zoobank.org/0F56CE0F-AEA5-4EDl-AF0C-
B823585CF89F
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, West PAPUA, Onin Pen¬
insula, Fak-Fak 10 km E, 2°56’32”S, 132°23’0rE,
Sakarteman vill. 1-4 km W, River Sakarteman valley,
350-450 m, 26.IX.2010, primary lowland rainforest on
limestone, leg. K.Greke.
Derivatio nominis: Named from the combina¬
tion of Latin “pseudo” + “separandus” [separated],
because of strong similarity in shell shape and
structure with Moussonia separanda sp. nov. (see
description of this species below).
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 2.3 mm, D = 1.45
mm, FIW = 1.2 mm, PD = 1.2 mm.
Description: Shell is small, dextral, broadly coni¬
cal with flattened apex, coloured brown on early
whorls and pale brown on the last two whorls.
Shell with 6V3 whorls, early ones are rather flat but
younger ones - convex. The 2 embryonic whorls are
microscopically pitted. The suture is moderately
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is constrict¬
ed; it is as wide as the penultimate whorl in aper¬
tural view. The constriction is not delimited on shell
wall. The teleoconch is sculptured with very delicate
and very dense axial striation. There are no abrupt
changes of the striation pattern. The ribs are not
synchronized with those of the previous whorls and
are strongly oblique to the coiling axis. Spiral striae
are very delicate and dense, poorly visible at 200x
magnification. The aperture is tilted about 30° to
the coiling axis and is ovoid. The apertural rim is
broadly discontinued at the insertion of columel-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
lar denticle. The aperture is nnore or less centered
below the penultinnate whorl in apertural view. The
parietal nnargin of the aperture attached to the ul-
tinnate whorl. The peristonne is sinnple, nnoderately
broad in lateral view. A peristonnal rinn is situated
close to the peristonne and is reinforced by a strong
and broad labial callus. The palatal and the basal
margins are sinuous. The peristome forms rather
narrow polished callus which is discontinued at
the insertion of columellar denticle. There is one
very strong acute and high parietalis ending at the
columella. There is one flat palatalis situated over
the columellar denticle. There is One large columel¬
lar denticle directed downwards. The columella is
broad, strongly twisted, forming a broad umbrella¬
like oblique columellaris in its basal third. The colu-
mellaris increases in width towards the shell inte¬
rior and is provided with a large flat knob which is
directed upwards (Figs 28-29). The operculum is
primitive - semicircular, very thin and transparent
with a few concentric lines.
Differential diagnosis: Very conspicuous spe¬
cies primarily due to the specific shell shape. Con-
chologically very similar to Moussonia separanda
sp. nov. (Misool Island; see description of this spe¬
cies below) but differs specifically in having simple
parietalis (parietalis Y-like, merging from two teeth
in M. separanda sp. nov.), the palatalis being short¬
er and less conspicuous compared with the pt in
M. separanda sp. nov. and in presence of the con¬
spicuous upwards-directed knob in the interior of
the twisted columellaris (this knob is less conspicu¬
ous and more or less horizontal in M. separanda
sp. nov.).
Ecology: Specimen was sampled in primary low¬
land rainforest on limestone at altitude 350-450 m.
Distribution: West New Guinea: Onin Peninsula.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO.
The maximum EDO for this species also cannot be
projected. The current AGO is 4 km^, but the maxi¬
mum AGO is likely higher. The population size and
trend are unknown. The main threat for this species
cannot be identified. Since this species is known
from lowland areas it is likely endangered by ongo¬
ing decline in primary rainforests. Further research
is required in order to clarify species distribution,
population size, trends and highlight threats.
Moussonia separanda sp. nov. (Figs 31-34, 110,
plate 30 figs 1-9, map 17)
httD://zoobank.org/9C9B6A95-4FF4-42C4-8063-
2641203FC651
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Misool Is¬
land (central). River Gann upstreann, Gannta vill. 12-14
km NW, 01°57’50”S, 130°ir09”E, 350 m, 06.11.2012,
primary lowland rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa raty pes 7 specimens: 2 adults NME & 2 adults KGC:
same label as holotype; 3 adults KGC: INDONESIA E, Raja
Ampat, Misool Island (central). River Gam upstream,
Gamta vill. 12-14 km NW, 01°57’50”S, 130°ir09”E,
70-350 m, 04-06.11.2012, primary lowland rainforest on
limestone, leg. D.Telnov; 1 adult KGC [collected dead]:
INDONESIA E, Prov. Raja Ampat, distr. Misool Barat, Lil-
inta (Lelintah) vill. ~20 km SW, Yan Island, 02°07’53”S,
130°07’17”E, 02.IV.2009, primary coastal semidry veg¬
etation, under rotten log, leg. K.Greke [collected dead].
Derivatio nominis: Named from Latin “separan-
dus” [separated], because of distant phylogenetic
position of this species from another Diplommatini-
dae (see “Phylogeny” section below).
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 2.6 mm, D = 1.6
mm, FIW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1 mm. Selected paratypic
specimens: FI = 2.6 mm, D = 1.5 mm, FIW = 1.3
mm, PD = 1 mm; FI = 2.5 mm, D = 1.5 mm, FIW =
1.45 mm, PD = 0.95 mm.
Description: Shell is small, dextral, broadly coni¬
cal with flattened apex, reddish brown coloured
on early whorls, yellowish brown on younger ones.
Shell with 7 whorls, older ones are rather flat but
younger ones are convex. The IV2 embryonic whorl
is microscopically pitted. The suture is moderately
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is constrict¬
ed, as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The constriction is not delimited on shell wall.
The teleoconch is sculptured with very delicate
and very dense axial striation. There are no abrupt
changes of the striation pattern. The ribs are not
synchronized with those of the previous whorls and
are strongly oblique to the coiling axis. Spiral striae
are very delicate and dense as visible at 200x mag¬
nification. The aperture is tilted about 30-35° to
the coiling axis and is ovoid. The apertural rim is
discontinued at the insertion of the columellar den¬
ticle. The aperture is more or less centered below
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The pari¬
etal margin of the aperture is attached to the ul¬
timate whorl. The peristome is simple, moderately
broad in lateral view. A peristomal rim is situated
close to the peristome and is reinforced by a strong
and broad labial callus. The peristome forms a
broad continuous polished callus. The palatal and
the basal margins of the peristome are sinuous.
There are two rather flat parietalis which merge to¬
gether and form one strong acute parietalis which
is ending at the columella. There is one long palata¬
lis situated over the parietal side of the peristome.
One large columellar denticle directed downwards.
198
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
The colunnella is broad, strongly twisted, fornns a
broad and unnbrella-like oblique colunnellaris in its
basal third. The colunnellaris increases in width to¬
wards the shell interior and is provided with a large
flat knob. The operculunn is primitive - semicircular,
very thin and transparent and with few concentric
lines.
Differential diagnosis: See diagnose of M.
pseudoseparanda sp. nov.
Phylogeny: A result of COI analysis for this spe¬
cies is unique for the available Bayesian tree of the
Diplommatinidae (Clark et al. 2016). This species
together with Moussonia monstrificabilis sp. nov.
(see description of this species above) are repre¬
senting a distinct and very separate clade far be¬
yond the Cochlostomatidae, Cyclophoridae and
Megalostomatidae as proposed by Webster et al.
(2012).
Ecology: Specimens were sampled from under
large fallen leaves on limestone anticlines in prima¬
ry lowland rainforest at altitudes 70-350 m.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 10 km^ (since dead speci¬
men of this species was found on shore of tiny and
dry Yan islet, I consider this specimen was washed
out from Misool forests rather than it also inhabits
arid Yan islet where only bushy vegetation is pres¬
ent; therefore Yan is excluded from my ECO cal¬
culation). The maximum ECO estimated less than
2000 km^ taking into account the area of central
and southern Misool Island and available habitat
(this species was not found on N and NW Misool).
The current AGO is 8 km^. The maximum AGO is de¬
finitively higher. There are no data available on the
population size and trend. Moussonia separanda
sp. nov. is not abundant. This species is currently
known from two close-standing sites (again, Yan
Island finding is not considered here). No threats
to this species were identified. Misool Island is still
very pristine and covered by primary rainforests for
over 75%. However, human population is growing
and local development is ongoing, especially be¬
cause of establishing new administrative divisions
on this island in order to attract government fund¬
ings. Hitherto no large scale deforestation recorded
on Misool, but some areas (for example in the SE
near Lilinta vill.) suffered from small-scale illegal
logging over two decades ago. I cannot project any
significant decline in the ECO, AGO or quality of the
habitat within next 10 years. Further research is re¬
quired on distribution of this species and on threats
for its population.
Moussonia strubelli (0. Boettger, 1891) (Plate 28
figs 14-16, map 8) nec Diplommatina Strubelli
E.A. Smith, 1894
Holotype SMF: Dipl. (Moussonia) strubelli Bttg. Hitula-
ma auf Hitu, N. Amboina ’'Strub. 91. [handwritten] / Sen-
ckenbg.Mus. [printed] 105170/1 [handwritten] Frank-
furt.-M. [printed] Diplommatina (Moussonia) strubelli
Bttgr. [underlined] Holotypus! Orig. 1891 T. 4 F: 3 N-Am-
boina: Hitulama auf Hitu A.Strubell 1891 [handwritten]
Sam m lung O.Boettger [printed].
Note: E.A. Smith (1894: 463) described Diplom¬
matina Strubelli from Natuna Islands not being
aware this name was already used by 0. Boettger
in 1891 (see note by E.A. Smith 1903).
References: 0. Boettger (1891: 285, pi. 4 fig. 3),
as Diplommatina (Moussonia) Strubelli] Kobelt &
von Mollendorff (1898: 142), checklist, as Diplom¬
matina subgen. Moussonia Strubelli] Kobelt (1902:
478), as Diplommatina (Moussonia) Strubelli] van
Benthem Jutting (1953: 288, 312), as Diplomma¬
tina strubelli] Zilch (1953: 39); Monk et al. (1997:
395), as Diplommatina strubelli.
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.7 mm, D = 1.3
mm, HW = 1.2 mm, PD = 1.1 mm.
Description: Shell is large, dextral, narrowly coni¬
cal, pale brown coloured. Shell with 7V4 convex
whorls with rather acute peripheral carina, the IV2
embryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The su¬
ture is deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is as
wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
constriction is not delimited on shell wall. The tele-
oconch is sculptured with coarse, dense, humped
axial ribs. The ribs are almost equally dense on all
whorls but become more widely-spaced on the last
half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the rib¬
bing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are oblique to
the coiling axis. Spiral striae are dense but slightly
visible from under the axial ribs. It consists of ir¬
regular poorly defined rectangular cells. The pe¬
ripheral carina of teleoconch is provided with long
membranous setae derivingfrom the axial ribs. The
aperture is tilted about 30° to the coiling axis and
is circular. The apertural rim is discontinued at the
insertion of the columellar denticle. The aperture
is shifted right against the coiling axis in apertural
view. The peristome is double, the inner one is dis¬
continued at the insertion of columellar denticle.
The parietal margin of the peristome is attached
to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms a
polished callus on the palatal and the basal sides.
The palatal margin of the outer peristome is sinu¬
ous. One large columellar denticle, directed slightly
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
downwards. No specinnens were available to study
the internal lannellae. Operculunn is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Central Moluccas: Ambon Island.
Records from Buru Island (Fulton 1899; van Ben-
them Jutting 1927) refer to Moussonia hirsuta
(Zilch, 1953).
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Mous¬
sonia strubelli is known from a single specimen col¬
lected over 100 years ago. Not enough data avail¬
able to calculate current ECO and AGO. Further
research is required to clarify status of this species
in the wild, its distribution, population size, trend
and define threats.
Moussonia torricelU sp. nov. (Figs 35-36, plate 28
figs 17-21, map 23)
httD://zoobank.org/59429A4C-73C5-45F0-8C65-
A21B490DD015
Holotype UF (No 380574): UF 380574 Mollusca,
Diplommatinidae 1 specinnen(s) Palaina [printed] sp.4
[handwritten] Papua New Guinea, Sandaun Province
Sinberien, base of S slope of Mount Sapau, 4 km NW
of Parkop Village, 7 km NW of Sibilanga Mission wet
hill forest along alkaline stream 526 meters -3.3975°
142.5288° Slapcinsky, J. 22 May 2005 JS-0798 dry
FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY [printed] / JS-
798 „Palaina“ [handwritten].
Pa retypes 14 specimens: 1 adult & 3 Juv. UF: UF
380628 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 5-spec, [sic! only
one specimen available] Palaina Papua New Guinea,
Sandaun Province Sindik, 0.3 km NW of Parkop Village,
3 km NW of Sibilanga Mission broadleaf tropical hill for¬
est 426 meters -3.4232° 142.5213° Slapcinsky, J. 14
May 2005 JS-0793 75% ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY [printed] / 793 [handwritten]; 1 adult
& 2 Juv. UF: UF 380586 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 3
specimen(s) Palaina [printed] sp.4 [handwritten] Papua
New Guinea, Sandaun Province Wayayane, 1 km N of
Parkop Village, 4 km NW of Sibilanga Mission hill forest
565 meters -3.4194° 142.5269° Slapcinsky, J. 16 May
2005 JS-0794 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIS¬
TORY [printed]/ JS-794 „Palaina“ [handwritten]; 3 adults
UF & 1 KGC: UF 380602 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 4
specimen(s) Palaina [printed] sp. 4 [handwritten] Papua
New Guinea, Sandaun Province Maibu, base of S slope
of Mount Sapau, 4 km NW of Parkop Village, mature hill
forest along river 550 meters -3.3945° 142.528° Slap¬
cinsky, J. 23 May 2005 JS-0799 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM
OF NATURAL HISTORY [printed] / Dipplomattinidae [sic!]
JS-799 [handwritten]; 1 adult & 2 Juv. UF: UF 380640
Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 3 specimen(s) Palaina
[printed] sp.4 [handwritten] Papua New Guinea, Sand¬
aun Province Smanmoke, base of S slope of Mount Sa¬
pau, 4 km NW of Parkop Village, mature hill forest along
river 561 meters -3.3926° 142.5298° Slapcinsky, J.
24 May 2005 JS-0800 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATU¬
RAL HISTORY [printed] / JS-800 Palaina [handwritten];
2 adult & 1 subadult UF: UF 380680 Mollusca, Diplom¬
matinidae 3-spec. Palaina Papua New Guinea, Sandaun
Province Smanmoke, base of S slope of Mount Sapau,
4 km NW of Parkop Village, mature hill forest along river
561 meters -3.3926° 142.5298° Slapcinsky, J. 24 May
2005 JS-0800 75& ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATU¬
RAL HISTORY [printed] / brown dipplom. JS-800 [hand¬
written] [shells are dissolved in these specimens].
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. This species is
manned after Torricelli Mountains in northern New
Guinea where it was first found. Noun in apposition,
invariable.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 1.3 nnnn, D = 0.75
mm, HW = 0.6 mm, PD = 0.5 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 1.3 mm, D = 0.75 mm, HW =
0.6 mm, PD = 0.5 mm; H = 1.3 mm, D = 0.7 mm,
HW = 0.65 mm, PD = 0.5 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, reddish- to or¬
ange-brown, dextral, short conical with flattened
apex. Shell with 6 convex whorls, the 2 embryonic
whorls are microscopically pitted. The suture is
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is as wide as
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The con¬
striction is not delimited on shell wall. The teleo-
conch is sculptured with extremely delicate dense
axial striation, poorly visible at 80x magnification.
No abrupt changes of the striation pattern. Spiral
striae are lacking. The aperture is tilted about 30°
to the coiling axis, is narrowly oval. The apertural
rim is entire. The aperture is slightly shifted right
against the coiling axis in apertural view. The colu-
mellar side of the aperture is almost straight, the
basal / columellar and the columellar / parietal
Junctions are angulate. The peristome is simple,
broad in lateral view. The margins of the peristome
are not sinuous. Peristomal rim situated distant
from the peristome, reinforced by a strong and
broad labial callus. The parietal margin of the aper¬
ture attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome
forms a narrow polished callus which is parietally
discontinued. There are two strong acute and high
parietalis. There is one-| -like palatalis situated over
the columellar side of the aperture. There is One
large columellar denticle directed downwards. The
columella is broad and smooth, strongly twisted,
forming a broad and umbrella-like oblique columel-
laris in its basal third. The columellaris increases in
width toward the shell interior; a part of it is visible
in the aperture above the columellar denticle. Oper¬
culum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This is one of the small¬
est among Papuan Moussonia. This species is pe¬
culiar among all congeners due to the structure of
200
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
the internal lannellae (see above), extrennely deli¬
cate axial striation, presence of a broad labial cal¬
lus on the peristonnal rim and in the angulate aper¬
ture (see above).
Ecology: Specimens were sampled at altitudes
426-565 m in primary lowland rainforests along
streams and river.
Distribution: Northern New Guinea: Torricelli
Mountains.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. The
current ECO is about 20 km^, but the maximum
ECO is definitely much larger. The current AGO is 12
km^, the maximum AGO is likely higher. The popula¬
tion size and trend are unknown, but Moussonia
torricelli sp. nov. seems not an abundant species.
The main threat for this species cannot be identi¬
fied. Since this species is known from low altitudes
at the foot of the Torricelli ridge it is potentially en¬
dangered by deforestation and expansion of gar¬
dens. Further research is required in order to clarify
species distribution, population size, trends and
highlight threats.
Palaina s. 1.0. Semper, 1865
Type species: Diplommatina macgillivrayi L.G.K.
Pfeiffer, 1854 (subsequent designation by Iredale
1944: 303)
= Anostomella Martens, 1867 syn. nov.
Type species: Pupa ascendens Martens, 1864b
(original designation)
New synonymy: There are no sufficient concho-
logical characters to distinguish Anostomella from
Palaina. Phylogenetic assessment made in 2016
(see Phylogeny chapter below) supports this deci¬
sion since there is no significant distance between
Palaina angulata and Anostomella ascendens
(both species from Lease Islands).
Diagnosis: Shell is cylindrical or oval, dextral or
sinistral, the constriction without teeth. The colu-
mellaris is present but not visible in the aperture.
The operculum in many species with concentric
periostracal ridges (lamellae) or spiral lines, as well
as median appendages (e.g. tuba-like) on the outer
surface. According to Kobelt (1902) the “tuba” (the
area beyond the constriction) of Palaina is about %
ultimate whorl and of Arinia - about V2 a whorl, but
this character is variable. In many Papuan Palaina
making it an unreliable character in determining
species relationships.
Remark: This genus is polymorphic and aberrant
in conchological characters. As a result, there have
been numerous attempts made to split Palaina into
multiple subgenera (Table 10). The set of concho¬
logical characters used for defining these genera
are polyphyletic and certain species have traits of
the different groups. On the basis of my preliminary
DNA-based phylogenetic studies I confirm Papuan
Palaina s. I. as a monophyletic group (see also re¬
sults by Webster et al. 2012). Further DNA stud¬
ies are required to elucidate species relationships
within each genera.
Distribution: Far East of Russia (Primorsky Krai),
Japan, Korean Peninsula, Sundaland, the Philip¬
pines, Papuan Region, Vanuatu, eastern Austra¬
lia, New Caledonia, Fiji and western Oceania. The
range of this genus in the west is not clearly ascer¬
tained because generic limits between Palaina and
ArInIa are not clear.
Diversity in the study area: Seventy seven
species hitherto confirmed (Table 11; next page).
Table 10. Satellite taxa of Palaina 0. Semper, 1865 (according to Egorov 2013).
201
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Table 11. Characters nnatrix 5. Genus Palaina 0. Sennper.
Legends: + present; - absent; +/- or 1/2 - character indistinct; ? - unknown; b = shell with a strong bulb beyond
the constriction; r = axial ribs on the penultinnate whorl straight (1), sinuous (2) or specifically shaped (3); rp = axial
ribs absent on two last whorls (0), ribbing pattern widely-spaced throughout the teleoconch (1), dense (2) or ribbing
pattern changes abruptly (3); ss = spiral striae present on the penultinnate and ultinnate whorls at 80x nnagnification
(+) or absent (-); I = axial ribs developed in a fornn of high lannellae (+) or not (-); u = unnbilicus open (-i-) or closed (-);
ap = position of the aperture central (c), shifted left (I) or right (r); p = peristonne is sinnple (1), double (2) or triple (3);
ck = colunnella sinnple or with flat callus (-) or provided with knob (+); o = operculum is primitive (-) or derivative (+);
d = dextral or s = sinistra I .
202
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Table 11 (continued).
Palaina (s. I.) adelpha Soos, 1911 (Plate 31 figs
1-6, map 26)
Material 3 adults UWCP: Palaina adelpha Soos, 1911
Det.A.Wiktor 1996 [printed] / Museum of Nat. Hist. Wro¬
claw Papua-New Guinea, prov. Madang N of Nuru river
ca 40 km SW of Madang in primeval rain forest, ca 100
m a.s.l. Leg. A.Wiktor 18.10.1990 No.2551 [printed].
Note: Soos’ type collection was lost in the fire at
the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Redescrip¬
tion is based on specimens collected from the type
locality by Wiktor (1998).
References: Soos (1911: 348); Leschke (1912a:
143); Leschke (1912b: 73); van Benthem Jutting
(1963: 702); Wiktor (1998: 16).
Measurements: Specimens from Madang env. H
= 2 mm, D = 1 mm, HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.75 mm; H
= 1.9 mm, D = 0.9 mm, HW = 0.9 mm, PD = 0.75
mm; H = 1.9 mm, D = 1 mm, HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.7
mm.
Description: Shell is very small, whitish, yellow¬
ish or pale rose, sinistral, cylindrical, with broadly
conical apex. Shell with 6V4 convex whorls, the IV2
embryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The su¬
ture is rather deeply impressed, especially for the
ultimate whorl. The ultimate whorl is as wide as
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbi¬
licus is closed in adult. The constriction is not de¬
limited on shell wall. The teleoconch is sculptured
with very coarse, dense, straight ribs. The ribs
becoming denser and more delicate in apertural
view of the ultimate whorl. On the last half whorl
the ribs becoming very coarse (thick) and 2x more
widely-spaced. These changes in the ribbing pat¬
tern are not abrupt. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are slightly
oblique to the coiling axis. There are 10-12 ribs
per 1 mm. Spiral striae are very inconspicuous.
The aperture is not tilted to the coiling axis and is
circular. The apertural rim is entire. The aperture
is slightly shifted left against the coiling axis in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is
double. Peristomal margins are not sinuous. The in¬
ner peristome forms a narrow continuous polished
callus. No specimens were available to study the
internal lamellae. The operculum is derivative - cir¬
cular, rather thick in lateral view, consists of several
layers of concentric ridges and with medial impres¬
sion on the inner surface.
Ecology: This species is known from primary low¬
land to mid montane rainforests and occurs in wet
leaf litter on both limestone and granite soils. Re¬
ported from 100-2300 m altitude.
Distribution: Eastern New Guinea: Madang Prov¬
ince. Lake Sentani (northern New Guinea) record
by van Benthem Jutting (1963) is likely based on
misidentified specimen of Palaina sp. (this speci¬
men was not available for my study).
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 940 km^ (Wiktor 1998 and
earlier authors), but the maximum ECO is likely
higher. The current AGO is 28 km^, but the maxi¬
mum AGO is definitively much higher. The popula¬
tion size and trend are unknown for P. adelpha, but
this species is not uncommon. The population is
not severely fragmented. This species is currently
known from several localities and inhabits low¬
lands up to mid montane rainforests. Loss of the
habitat considered the main threat. Between 2001
and 2014 about 78000 ha of the rainforest were
lost in Madang Province (calculated for canopy
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
density over 25% according to the Global Forest
Watch (2016)). Main reasons of deforestation are
connnnercial logging (for international trade), for¬
est conversion to oil painn plantations, expansion
of gardens, as well as nnining. Hunnan population
growth is not rannpant but continuous slash and
burn agriculture has negative innpact on the AGO.
Continuing decline in extent and quality of habitat
for this species is estimated. But P. adelpha is un¬
der-researched and is not uncommon. There are at
least three locations. Further research is required
in order to clarify species distribution, population
size, trend and better understand threats.
Palaina (s. I.) aerari (Dell, 1955) comb. nov. (Plates
31 figs 13-15 & 40 figs 14-16, maps 11 & 19)
= Palaina megamorpha Solem, 1960 syn. nov.
(Plate 40 figs 14-16)
Holotype P. aerari MONZ: M.202514, S0LI4403, Gard¬
ner, Nornnan 1944, Solonnon Islands Treasury Islands
Mono Island, ridge above Seveke River Leaf nnould.
Holotype P. megamorpha UMMZ: FLW18 [printed]
200493 Palaina nnegannorpha Solenn [handwritten] V2
Mi. fronn sea, behind Halavo, Florida Id., [printed] HOLO¬
TYPE [handwritten] Solonnons. Kuntz. 1944 MUSEUM OF
ZOOLOGY UNIV. OF MICHIGAN [printed] / 200493 Ho¬
lotype Diplonnnnatinidae Palaina nnegannorpha Solenn,
1960 Solonnon Islands; Central; Florida Islands: Halavo
Kuntz, R. E.; 1944: Dry; 1 University of Michigan Muse¬
um of Zoology Mollusk Division [printed, red border].
New combination: New combination is based
on the conchological characters. There is a little
denticle on the columellar side of the aperture in
this species. This character is not supplemented by
palatalis and parietalis and therefore this species
not qualify as Diplommatina.
References P. aerari: Dell (1955: 423, 424), as
Diplommatina aerari] Solem (1960: 49), as Diplom¬
matina aerari] Clench (1965: 6), as Diplommatina
aerari.
References P. megamorpha: Solem (1960: 50,
52, plate 6 fig. 1).
Measurements: Holotype P. aerari H = 3.9 mm,
D = 2.2 mm, HW = 2.2 mm, PD = 1.6 mm. Holotype
P. megamorpha H = 4.1 mm, D = 2.3 mm, HW =
2.3 mm, PD = 1.7 mm. Shell height of 4.51 mm
given by Solem (1960) for holotype P. megamorpha
is erroneous.
Description: Shell mid-sized to large, pink,
creamy-coloured to brown, sinistral, high conical
with conical apex. Shell with 5V2-6V4 strongly con¬
vex whorls, the 1%-1V2 embryonic whorl is pitted.
The suture is deeply impressed. The penultimate
whorl is slightly bulbous. The ultimate whorl slightly
constricted, ascending, slightly narrower than or as
wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is
well delimited by a deep broad impression supple¬
mented with a short zone of denser placed axial
ribs. The suture is cavity-like impressed above the
constriction. The constriction situated on same axis
with the columellar side of the aperture. There is
a very distinct bulb just beyond the constriction
above the columellar side of the aperture. The
teleoconch is sculptured with very coarse widely-
spaced straight or almost straight ribs. The ribs be¬
coming more widely-spaced on the last half whorl,
but they are dense at the constriction. There are
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern - the axial ribs
rapidly becoming widely-spaced on the early whorls
than on the ultimate and the penultimate ones. The
ribs are not synchronized with those of the previous
whorls. The ribs are straight or slightly oblique to
the coiling axis. There are about 12-15 ribs per 1
mm but 9-10 ribs per 1 mm on the last half whorl.
Spiral striae are lacking in studied specimen. The
aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is cir¬
cular or oval. The apertural rim is entire. An angula¬
tion is developed on the palatal / parietal Junction
of the peristome in holotype P. megamorpha. The
parietal margin of the aperture is nearly straight.
The aperture is more or less centered below the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The peristome
is double, narrow in lateral view. A very broad zone
of numerous high axial sinuous lamellae prior to
the peristome in lateral view. The parietal margin of
the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The
columellar margin of the inner peristome is slightly
sinuous. The inner peristome forms a continuous
polished callus. The margins of the outer peristome
are not or Just slightly sinuous. A little columellar
denticle is present, not directed downwards. No
specimens were available to study the internal la¬
mellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Specimens reported from leaf litter of
lowland rainforest.
Distribution: Solomon Islands: Nggela (= Flori¬
da), Guadalcanal, Mono islands.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOO and
AOO. The maximum EOO estimated over 3000 km^.
The maximum AOO for this species is estimated be¬
tween 500 and 2000 km^. No information is avail¬
able on the population size and trend. Threats are
unknown for this species. Further basic research
is required in order to clarify species status in the
wild, its distribution, measure the population size
and highlight threats.
204
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Palaina (s. I.) albrechti sp. nov. (Figs 39, 102, 107
& 137, plate 31 figs 7-12, nnap 27)
httD://zoobank.org/520A9B72-7454-4464-84C2-
9BA4326455BF
Holotype UF (No 508078): UF 380599 Mollusca,
Diplommatinidae 17 specimen(s) Palaina [printed] sp.
6 [handwritten] Papua New Guinea, Sandaun Province
Maibu, base of S slope of Mount Sapau, 4 km NW of
Parkop Village, mature hill forest along river 550 me¬
ters -3.3945° 142.528° Slapcinsky, J. 23 May 2005
JS-0799 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
[printed] / Palaina (micro!) JS-799 [handwritten].
Pa retypes 8 adults, 2 subadults, 4Juv. UF & 1 adult
KGC: same labels as holotype [one shell is broken].
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. This species is
devoted to nny good friend. Dr. Christian Albrecht
(Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany), an
authority in phylogeny of freshwater gastropods.
Measurements: Holotype H = 1.3 mm, D = 0.75
mm, HW = 0.7 mm, PD = 0.6 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 1.25 mm, D = 0.7 mm, HW =
0.7 mm, PD = 0.55 mm; H = 1.2 mm, D = 0.75 mm,
HW = 0.7 mm, PD = 0.6 mm; H = 1.1 mm, D = 0.7
mm, HW = 0.6 mm, PD = 0.5 mm.
Description: Shell very small, white to yellowish,
sinistral, cylindrical with broadly conical apex. Shell
with 5V4 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl
is microscopically pitted. The protoconch is placed
oblique on the rest of the shell. The suture is mod¬
erately deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is as
wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is
poorly defined by a short shallow impression and a
zone of slightly stronger sinuous axial ribs. The con¬
striction is more or less centered in apertural view.
The teleoconch is sculptured with delicate dense
straight to hardly sinuous axial ribs. There are no
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are
not synchronized with those of previous whorls and
are slightly oblique to the coiling axis. There are
17-19 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are delicate
and dense, good visible on almost all teleoconch
whorls (there are 9 rows of spiral striae per 30 pm
measured above the aperture). The aperture is not
tilted from the coiling axis, is circular and has entire
apertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
parietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The peristome is triple, the palatal
margin on the inner peristome is slightly sinuous.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The columella is smooth and shiny, broad
internally and narrow medially, with an inconspicu¬
ous median angulation. The operculum is primitive
- circular, transparent, with slightly elevated con¬
centric lines.
Differential diagnosis: This species is simi¬
lar to several minute Papuan Palaina species. It
is primarily distinct due to very dense and rather
delicate axial ribs supplemented with distinct and
rather widely-spaced spiral striae. Specific charac¬
ters are discussed in table 12.
Ecology: This species inhabits leaf litter of primary
lowland rainforests and was collected at an altitude
of 550 m.
Distribution: Northern New Guinea: Torricelli
Mountains.
Table 12. Papuan species of Palaina s. I. similar to P albrechti sp. nov. and their distinctive characters.
205
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO
since this species is known fronn single locality. The
maximunn EDO likely includes large area in Torricel¬
li Mountains. The current AGO is 4 km^, maximunn
AGO is likely higher. Population size and trend are
unknown, but Palaina albrechti sp. nov. seems not
abundant. The main threat for this species cannot
be identified. Further research is required on distri¬
bution, population size, trend and threats for this
species.
Palaina (s. I.) angulata 0. Boettger, 1891 (Figs 40-
42, 99a-b, 114, plate 32 figs 1-13, map 8)
Lectotype SMF: Palaina angulata Bttgr. Batu merah,
Leitimor, S. Amboina. ^ Ad. Strubell 90. [handwritten] /
Senckenberg.Mus. [printed] 105070/01 [handwritten]
Frankfurt-M. [printed] Palaina angulata O.Boettger Lec-
totypus! 1891 T.4 F.4 Molukken: Batu merah, Leitimor
(S.Amboina) A.Strubell 1890 [handwritten] Sammiung
O.Boettger [printed].
Para lectotype 1 adult SMF: Palaina angulata Bttg.
Kusu-Kusu (Sereh) auf Leitimor, N. Amboina. x A.Strubell
91. [handwritten] /Senckenbg.Mus. [printed] 105071/1
[handwritten] Frankfurt-M. [printed] Palaina angulata 0.
Boettger Paratypus Molukken: Kusu-Kusu (Sereh), Leiti¬
mor (N-Amboina) A. Strubell 1891 [handwritten] Samm¬
iung O.Boettger [printed].
Additional material: 5 adults NME & 5 adults KGC:
INDONESIA E, Prov. Maluku tengah. Lease Islands,
Saparua, kota Saparua ~1,5 km NE, 03°33’3r'S,
128°39’50”E, 11.IV.2009, secondary lowland forest &
shrubs, leg. D.Telnov; 3 adults & 2 Juv. KGC: INDONE¬
SIA E, Central Moluccas, Lease Islands, southern arm
of Ambon Is., Ambon (kota) 5 km E, Soya vill. ~1 km E,
03°42’36”S, 128°13’16”E, 17.VIII.2016, secondary
lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg. L. Wagner; 1 adult KGC:
INDONESIA E, Central Moluccas, Lease Islands, north¬
ern arm of Ambon Is., Waai 4 km NW, 03°32’56”S,
128°17’17”E, 300 m, 19.VIII.2016, secondary lowland
rainforest, leaf litter, leg. L. Wagner.
References: Boettger 0. (1891: 286, pi. 4 fig. 4);
Kobelt & von Mollendorff (1898: 152), checklist,
as Palaina Subgen. Palaina s. str. angulata; Kobelt
(1902: 394); Boettger G.R. (1908: 184), as Palaina
(Eupalalna) angulata; van Benthem Jutting (1953:
287); Zilch (1953: 9, pi. 5 fig. 60), as Palaina (Palal-
na) angulata; Monk et al. (1997: 395).
Measurements: Paralectotype H = 2.5 mm, D =
1.55 mm, HW = 1.3 mm, PD = 1.1 mm. Selected
specimens from Soya vill. env., Ambon Is.: H = 2.8
mm, D = 1.6 mm, HW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.3 mm; H
= 2.7 mm, D = 1.75 mm, HW = 1.45 mm, PD = 1.3
mm. Selected specimens from Saparua Is.: H = 2.4
mm, D = 1.3 mm, PD = 1 mm; H = 2.3 mm, D = 1.4
mm, PD = 1 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish to yellowish,
prevalently dextral but also sinistral specimens
are known (from Saparua Island), cylindrical with
conical apex. Shell with 6V4-6V2 convex whorls,
the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically pitted.
The suture is deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl
is slightly constricted, almost as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is delimited by a
flat impression, and the suture is deeper impressed
above the constriction. Additionally, a short zone of
denser placed axial ribs (in certain specimens, see
below) is present at the constriction. The constric¬
tion situated on same axis with the columellar side
of the aperture. The teleoconch is sculptured with
rather coarse, dense or widely-spaced, straight
or slightly sinuous axial ribs. There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern in specimens from
Ambon Island. In specimens from Saparua Island
the axial ribs becoming much denser at the con¬
striction. The ribs are partially synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are oblique to the
coiling axis. There are 4-6 ribs per 0.5 mm. The ribs
are widely-spaced on the last half whorl. Spiral stri¬
ae are distinct and dense. There are 2-3 (in speci¬
mens from Ambon) to 4-5 (in specimens from Sa¬
parua) rows of spiral striae per 30 pm (measured
above the aperture). The aperture is not tilted to
the coiling axis and is circular or oval and has en¬
tire apertural rim. The position of the aperture is
more or less central below the coiling axis or the
aperture is slightly shifted to the right in apertural
view. The peristome is double. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
The margins of the inner peristome are not sinu¬
ous. The palatal margin of the outer peristome is
slightly sinuous. The basal margin of the outer peri¬
stome is somewhat reflexed. The columellar margin
of the outer peristome is sinuous, widening into an
obtuse angular protruding (which is less conspicu¬
ous in certain Saparua specimens). The columella
is shiny and broad with glass-like semitransparent
inner edge. The operculum is derivative - circular,
with concentric ridges on the outer surface.
Phylogeny: According to results of Ambon speci¬
mens’ GOI analysis this species represents a sepa¬
rate clade of Palaina species from the Lesser Sun-
da Islands (P. manggaraica (B. Rensch, 1931) and
Lease Islands (P. ascendens (Martens, 1864) (see
section “Phylogeny”).
Ecology: P. angulata inhabits both primary and
secondary lowland rainforests on limestone soils,
as well as closed canopy gadens. This species is
206
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
recorded fronn up to 1000 nn altitude. Specinnens
occur in wet leaf litter on the undersides of fallen
leaves and under pieces of decaying wood.
Distribution: Lease Islands (Central Moluccas):
Annbon Island, Haruku Island, Saparua Island.
Conservation status: Endangered, EN BlaB2a-
b(ii,iii). The current ECO is about 220 knn^, but the
maxinnunn ECO is estinnated 1700 knn^ taking into
account the area of Annbon, Haruku and Saparua.
The current AGO is about 28 knn^, but the nnaxinnunn
AGO estinnated higher but probably not extends 500
knn^. The population size and trend are unknown
however P. angulata is not unconnnnon. The popu¬
lation is not severely fragnnented. This species is
currently known fronn several localities and inhab¬
its lowland rainforests with preference to those on
linnestone soils. Habitat loss considered the nnain
threat. Deforestation drivers are forest conversion
to gardens, tinnber use for building construction and
collecting of firewood. Hunnan population growth is
rannpant on Lease Islands and the population den¬
sity is high. Continuing decline in extent and quality
of habitat is documented and projected for P. an¬
gulata. Decline in AGO is documented for Ambon.
P. angulata is also found in disturbed forests with
partially closed canopy, and this species survived
in gardens on Saparua Island. There are at least 4
locations. There are no nature conservation areas
on Lease Islands and P. angulata population is not
protected. Further research is required on distri¬
bution of this species and on the population size.
Establishing nature conservation area to protect re¬
maining old-growth forests on Haruku and Ambon
is highly recommended.
Palaina (s. I.) ascendens (Martens, 1864) (Fig. 43,
plate 31 figs 16-20, map 9)
Lectotype MHUB [herewith designated]: Amboine
[handwritten] / Diplomatina [sic!] 6270. Pupa * ascen¬
dens Martens Amboina vMartens [handwritten] / Ano-
stomella [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin [print¬
ed] Anostomella Pupa [original correction] ascendens
(Marts.)* Amboina 6270 Martens [handwritten].
Para lectotype 1 adult MHUB [herewith designated]:
same labels as lectotype [shell is broken].
Additional material 19 adults 1 Juv KGC, 1 adult
NME & 1 adult SNSD: INDONESIA E, Prov. Maluku ten-
gah, Lease Islands, Saparua, kota Saparua ~1,5 km
NE, 03°33’31”S, 128°39’50”E, 11.IV.2009, secondary
lowland forest & shrubs, leg. D.Telnov; 1 Juv. KGC: IN¬
DONESIA E, Central Moluccas, Lease Islands, southern
arm of Ambon Is., Ambon (kota) 5 km E, Soya vill ~1 km
E, 03°42’36”S, 128°13’16”E, 17.VIII.2016, secondary
lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg. L. Wagner; 1 adult, 1
subadult & 3 Juv. KGC: INDONESIA E, Central Moluc¬
cas, Lease Islands, Haruku Is., Pelauw vill. 3.3 km S,
03°32’30”S, 128°27’15”E, 150-170 m, 18.VIII.2016,
secondary lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg. L. Wagner.
Note: Consider synonymy of Anostomella with
Palaina above.
References: Martens (1864b: 528), as Pupa
ascendens; Martens (1867: 386, pi. 22 fig 23);
Ancey (1887: 279), as DIancta (Anostomella) as¬
cendens; Tenison-Woods (1888: 1054), as Pupa
ascendens; Kobelt & von Mollendorff (1898: 135),
checklist; Boettger 0. (1891: 287); Kobelt (1902:
422); Thiele (1929: 110); Wenz (1938: 483); van
Benthem Jutting (1953: 287, 312-313); Monk et al.
(1997: 395); Egorov (2013: 22).
Measurements: Lectotype H = 3.9 mm, D = 3.1
mm, HW = 1.9 mm, PD = 1.7 mm. Selected speci¬
mens from Saparua Island: H = 3.8 mm, D = 2.8
mm, HW = 1.95 mm, PD = 1.55 mm; H = 3.5 mm,
D = 2.8 mm, HW = 1.9 mm, PD = 1.6 mm; H = 3.65
mm, D = 2.8 mm, HW = 1.95 mm, PD = 1.6 mm.
Description: Shell is large, whitish to pale orange
or pale brown, dextral, very obese and broadly oval
with a shortly conical apex. Shell with 6V4 slightly
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is rather deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted and
ascending, by apertural view, narrower than the
penultimate whorl. The umbilicus is closed in adults
by the ascending tuba. The constriction is well de¬
limited by the suture cavity-like strongly impressed
above the constriction and by the ribs abruptly
becoming dense and delicate. The constriction is
more or less centered in apertural view. The teleo-
conch is sculptured with coarse, dense, and incon¬
spicuously sinuous ribs. The ribs are partly synchro¬
nized with those of the previous whorls. The ribs
are oblique to the coiling axis and there are 8-9 ribs
per 1 mm. The ribs becoming dense in front of the
ultimate whorl prior to the constriction and become
more widely-spaced beyond the constriction. Spi¬
ral striae are lacking. The aperture ascends as the
ultimate whorl is. The aperture is slightly oval, its
maximum diameter is when measured from pari¬
etal to basal side and has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is shifted right against the coiling axis in
apertural view. The peristome is indistinctly double.
The palatal and columellar margins of both the in¬
ner and outer peristomes are somewhat sinuous.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The parietal margin of the peristome is at¬
tached to the ultimate whorl. The columella is very
broad and smooth with a large triangular median
knob which is directed backwards. The columella is
visible in the aperture in a form of a flat broad cal-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
lus. The operculunn is prinnitive - circular and con¬
cave on the outer surface.
Phylogeny: According to results of Annbon and
Haruku specinnens’ COI analysis this species rep¬
resents a separate clade of Palaina fronn the Less¬
er Sunda (P. manggaraica (B. Rensch, 1931) and
Lease Islands (P angulata 0. Boettger, 1891) (see
chapter “Phylogeny”).
Ecology: This species known fronn prinnary and
secondary lowland rainforests on linnestone soil as
well as fronn closed-canopy gardens. Specinnens
found under leaf litter.
Distribution: Lease Islands (Central Moluccas):
Annbon, Haruku, Saparua.
Conservation status: Endangered, EN
B2ab(ii,iii). Palaina ascendens is endennic to Cen¬
tral Moluccas and hitherto known fronn three of four
nnain Lease Islands. Its presence on Serann Island
is projected on areas with linnestone soils. The cur¬
rent ECO is about 600 knn^, but nnaxinnunn ECO es-
tinnated up to 200000 knn^. The current AGO is 28
knn^, but nnaxinnunn AGO estinnated nnuch higher, but
certainly less than 500 knn^. P. ascendens inhabits
lowland rainforests, as well as wet closed canopy
gardens. Population size and trends are unknown,
but at least on Saparua this species is not unconn-
nnon in suitable habitat. Habitat loss is the nnain
threat for P. ascendens. The area of occupancy is
under constant pressure due to growing hunnan
population, expansion of hunnan settlennents and
factories, wood consunnption for various purpos¬
es and conversion of rainforest into gardens and
plantations. Population is threatened by linnestone
nnining for road and building construction. These
threats are likely to continue on a larger scale as
a result of population growth. Further decline in
potential AGO is projected. Rainforests only rennain
in difficult to access nnountains in this region, P.
ascendens survive on Lease Islands in forest renn-
nants and gardens. Further research is needed to
clarify population size and trend for this species.
Establishing nature conservation areas to protect
remaining old-growth forests on Haruku and Ambon
is highly recommended.
Palaina (s. I.) attenboroughi sp. nov. (Figs 44-45,
117, plate 32 figs 14-23, map 18)
httD://zoobank.org/A9E64F72-C826-4226-8E64-
8BE0D34B43DD
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Misool
Island (central). River Gann upstreann, Gannta vill. 12-
14 km NW, 01°57’50”S, 130°11’09”E, 100-350 m,
06.11.2012, primary lowland rainforest, limestone rocks,
leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 74 specimens: 23 adults & 4 Juv. KGC, 3
subadults & 3 Juv. NME: same label as holotype; 10
adults KGC, 5 adults NME: INDONESIA E, Prov. Raja
Ampat, distr. Misool Barat, Lilinta (Lelintah) vill. -13,5
km NW, Gamta vill. -11 km NWW, River Gam valley
in the middle of course, 01°57’49”S, 130°iri0”E,
03.IV.2009, primary lowland rainforest, leg. K.Greke; 12
adults KGC, 10 adults & 1 Juv. NME, 2 LKCNHM & i SMF:
INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Misool Island (central). River
Gam upstream, Gamta vill. 12-14 km NW, 01°57’50”S,
130°11’09”E, 70-350 m, 04-06.11.2012, primary low¬
land rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. With pleasure I
name this species in honour of Sir David Frederick
Attenborough (London, United Kingdom), the
famous British naturalist and broadcaster, who
devoted most of his life nature conservation
through education.
Measurements: Holotype: H = 3.3 mm, D = 1.9
mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.4 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 3.3 mm, D = 2 mm, HW = 1.4
mm, PD = 1.4 mm; H = 3.2 mm, D = 1.9 mm, HW
= 1.3 mm, PD = 1.3 mm; H = 3.2 mm, D = 1.7 mm,
HW = 1.2 mm, PD = 1.3 mm; H = 3.1 mm, D = 1.6
mm, HW = 1.3 mm, PD = 1.3 mm; H = 3.1 mm, D
= 1.7 mm, HW = 1.3 mm, PD = 1.35 mm; H = 2.8
mm, D = 1.4 mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.9 mm.
Description: Shell is small, white with yellow 2-4
first whorls, sinistral, narrow and high conical. Shell
with 8 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is
microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is strongly narrower
than the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is well
defined by presence of a shallow broad impres¬
sion and a short zone of somewhat sparser axial
ribs. The constriction situated on same axis with
the palatal side of the aperture or is centered (in
apertural view). The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse widely-spaced strong and slightly sinuous
axial lamellae-like ribs. The ribs are bending coun¬
ter-clockwise near and in the suture. The ribs be¬
coming very distant on the last half whorl. There
are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The
ribs are partially synchronized with those of the pre¬
vious whorls and are slightly oblique to the coiling
axis. There are 4 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae very
delicate and dense. The aperture is not tilted to the
coiling axis and is circular or oval and has entire ap¬
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl or aperture is slightly
shifted left in apertural view. The peristome is dou¬
ble, very broad and expanded (but can be not fully
developed in certain adult specimens). The parietal
208
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
margin of the peristome is attached to the ultimate
whorl. Laterally the peristome consists of numer¬
ous dense lamellae. The inner peristome forms a
continuous polished callus. The palatal margins
of both peristomes are slightly sinuous. The colu¬
mella is broad and shiny, slightly twisted medially.
The operculum is derivative - thick in lateral view,
consists of several layers of concentric ridges and
with a broad, spatula-like median “handler” on the
inner surface.
Differential diagnosis: Most closely related
with Palaina dohertyi E.A. Smith, 1897 (West New
Guinea: Onin Peninsula) but differs from it in higher
shell, less high and not humped axial ribs, the pen¬
ultimate whorl being higher (less high in P. dohertyi)
and the columella is lacking median knob (knob is
present in P. dohertyi).
Phylogeny: According to results of COI analysis
this species represents a separate clade most re¬
lated with Misool species P. bicornis van Benthem
Jutting, 1958 which again represents a different
but related clade.
Ecology: Primary lowland rainforests on limestone
soils. Specimens occur in leaf litter on the under¬
sides of fallen leaves and under pieces of decaying
wood. Specimens sampled at altitudes 70-350 m,
found both at base of limestone rocks in very moist
conditions and at the very top of limestone ridges
where the substrate is dry because of good drain¬
age.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. Not
enough data available to calculate the current ECO.
The maximum ECO is estimated about 2000 km^
taking into account the area of Misool Island and
available habitat. The current AGO is 4 km^. The
maximum AGO is likely much higher. No information
is available on the population size and trend, how¬
ever P. attenboroughi sp. nov. is locally common
in central Misool. This species is currently known
from one locality and inhabits primary lowland rain¬
forests on limestone soils. No threats to this spe¬
cies have been identified. Misool Island is still very
pristine and covered by primary rainforests for over
75%. However, human population is growing and
local development is ongoing, especially because
of establishing new administrative divisions on this
island (in order to raise extra funding). Hitherto no
large scale deforestation recorded on Misool, but
some areas (for example near Lilinta vill. in the SE)
suffered from small-scale illegal logging over a de¬
cade ago. Significant decline in ECO, AGO or qual¬
ity of habitat cannot be projected for this species
within next 10 years. Further research is required
on distribution and ecological preferences of this
species.
Palaina (s. I.) beilanensis Preston, 1913 (Plate 32
figs 24-27, map 6)
Syntypes: 1 adult BMNH: Palaina beilanensis
Pre[ston] Beilan - Beilan Isl. Moluccas. 1914.1.7.461
[handwritten] / Type, [printed] / beilanensis Preston.
Dutch. E. Indies, [handwritten] [shell is badly broken]; 2
adults FMNH: 72965 [printed] / 72965 FIELD MUSEUM
OF NATURAL HISTORY MOLLUSCA: DIPLOMMATINIDAE
2 dry specs. Syntype(s): Palaina beilanensis Preston,
1913 Sta. FMNH72965, Indonesia, Moluccas, N of
Obi, Beilan Beilan ex F.F. La id law ex H.B. Preston (Acc.#
11666) [printed].
Additional material 1 adult MHUB: Zoolog. Museum
Berlin, [printed] Palaina beilanensis Prest. Ind. of Beilan-
Beilan Moluccen [sic!] 63785 Preston [handwritten] /
63785 [handwritten].
References: Preston (1913: 438).
Measurements: Specimen from MHUB H = 1.8
mm, D = 0.85 mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.7 mm. Se¬
lected syntype from FMNH: H = 1.9 mm, D = 0.85
mm, HW = 0.9 mm, PD = 0.65 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, whitish, sinistral,
narrow cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell with
5V2 rather flat whorls, the IV3 embryonic whorl is
microgranulate. The suture is moderately deeply
impressed. The ultimate whorl is slightly narrower
than or as wide as the penultimate whorl in ap-
ertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction is poorly defined by a very shallow
impression and a short zone of stronger sinuous
axial ribs. The constriction situated on same axis
with the columellar side of the aperture. The tele-
oconch is sculptured with fine, dense, straight to
slightly sinuous ribs. There are no abrupt changes
in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are slightly
oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 15 ribs
per 0.5 mm. The ribs becoming somewhat coarser
and more widely-spaced on the ultimate whorl. Spi¬
ral striae are very delicate and dense. The aperture
is tilted about 10° to the coiling axis and is circular
and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more
or less centered below the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is
triple. Peristomal margins are not sinuous. The in¬
ner peristome forms a continuous polished callus.
No specimens were available to study the internal
lamellae. The operculum is primitive - circular, with¬
out concentric ridges.
Ecology: Unknown. Belangbelang Island is cov-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
ered by prinnary lowland rainforest on linnestone
soils.
Distribution: Southernnnost North Moluccas:
Belangbelang Island of Obi Islands group. AInnost
certainly should be found on other islands of Obi
group, particularly on linnestone Obilatu Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Palai-
na beilanensis is known by series of specinnens
collected over 100 years ago fronn single locality.
Not enough data available to calculate current EOO
and AOO. The area of Belangbelang Island is 7 knn^.
The total area of all Obi Islands is about 5100 knn^.
It is very unlikely P. beilanensis occurs all over Obi
Islands (especially not on distant Gonnunnu and To-
balai) and only snnall fractions of Obi rainforests
known to be located on linnestone soil. The current
EOO is unknown. Consequently, the nnaxinnunn EOO
for this species is certainly below 5000 knn^. Habi¬
tat loss considered the nnain threat. Belangbelang
Island is uninhabited, but all neighbouring islands
(snnall Bisa, Obilatu, Tapat and large Obira) are in¬
habited. The area of Obi Islands covered by rainfor¬
est is decreasing consequently; between 2001 and
2014 about 11000 ha of the rainforest were lost
(calculated for canopy density over 25% accord¬
ing to the Global Forest Watch (2016)). Consider¬
ing human population growth on Obi Islands and
presence of large nickel mine in the W of Obira Is¬
land (which attract workers from other regions of
Indonesia), this trend is likely to continue. Malaco-
logical research on Obira Island carried out by the
University of Florida (2008), as well as on Bisa and
Obira islands by the Entomological Society of Latvia
(2011, 2013) gave no result for this species. The
population of P. beilanensis is likely small or re¬
stricted to Belangbelang and, possibly, Obilatu and
Tapat islands. Additional research is required on
Belangbelang to clarify status of this species in the
wild and estimate size and trend of the population.
Further search for P. beilanensis distribution to be
performed on Obilatu and Tapat islands.
Palaina (s. I.) bicornis van Benthem Jutting, 1958
(Figs 46-47, plate 33 figs 1-12, map 18)
Holotype NMNL: Indonesia, Papua, Misool, Wainna,
0-75 nn, Lieftinck, M.A. 1948.09.13 [printed].
Additional nnaterial: 10 adults & 6 juv. NME, 10
adults, 3 subadults & 10 juv. KGC: INDONESIA E, Prov.
Raja Annpat, distr. Misool Barat, Lilinta (Lelintah) vill.
-13,5 knn NW, Gannta vill. -11 knn NWW, River Gann val¬
ley in the nniddle of course, 01°57’49”S, 130°11’10”E,
03.IV.2009, prinnary lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg.
K.Greke; 3 adults & 2 subadults KGC, 1 adult, 2 sub¬
adults & 6 Juv. NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Annpat, Misool
Island S, Lilinta (Lelintah) vill. env., 02°02’57”S,
130°15’58”E, 6 m, 02-03.11.2012, prinnary lowland
rainforest on linnestone, leg. D.Telnov; 15 adults KGC, 7
adults, 4 subadults & 7 Juv. NME: INDONESIA E, Raja
Ampat, Misool Island (central). River Gam upstream,
Gamta vill. 12-14 km NW, 01°57’50”S, 130°ir09”E,
70-350 m, 04-06.11.2012, primary lowland rainforest on
limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
References: van Benthem Jutting (1958a: 295,
316); van Benthem Jutting (1963: 702).
Measurements: Paratype H = 2.4 mm, D = 1.8
mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.1 mm. Selected speci¬
mens from River Gam valley, central Misool: H = 2.1
mm, D = 1.5 mm, HW = 1.2 mm, PD = 0.7 mm; H
= 2.5 mm, D = 1.65 mm, HW = 1.3 mm, PD = 1.2
mm.
Description: Shell is small with very thick wall,
whitish, yellowish or greenish, sinistral, broadly fusi¬
form with conical apex. Shell with 6 strongly convex
whorls, the IV2-2 embryonic whorls are microscopi¬
cally pitted. The suture is deeply impressed. The
penultimate whorl is slightly bulbous. The ultimate
whorl is constricted, narrower than the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in
adult. The constriction is well defined by a short
and shallow impression, a short zone of denser and
stronger sinuous axial ribs and presence of a deep
cavity-like impression on the suture above the con¬
striction. The constriction is more or less centered
in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
very delicate, dense, straight to slightly sinuous
ribs. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are synchronized with those of the
previous whorls and are slightly oblique to the coil¬
ing axis. There are 6-8 ribs per 0.5 mm. The ribs
becoming more widely-spaced and coarse on the
last half whorl. Spiral striae are poorly indicated,
very delicate and dense, only visible on the ultimate
whorl. The aperture is not tilted to the coiling axis
and is circular and has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is more or less centered below the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The peristome is
double. The parietal margin of the peristome is at¬
tached to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome
forms a continuous polished callus. The margins
of the inner peristome are not sinuous. The outer
peristome is thick in lateral view, provided with an
obtuse protrudings at the parietal / palatal and
columellar / parietal Junctions. The palatal margin
of the outer peristome is sinuous. The columella
is smooth and thin. The operculum is derivative -
thin in lateral view, transparent, in a form of a flying
disc with raised margin, large handle-like median
protruding on the inner surface, without concentric
210
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
ridges or lines.
Phylogeny: According to results of COI analysis
this species represents a separate clade nnost re¬
lated with Misool species P. attenboroughi sp. nov.
which represents a near-standing clade.
Ecology: This species is known fronn prinnary low¬
land rainforests on linnestone soils and occurs in
wet leaf litter, under decaying wood and in cavi¬
ties on linnestone rocks. Specinnens aggregate in
nunnber on the underside of large fallen leaves and
were not observed under snnall leaves. Reported
fronn near sea level up to 450 nn altitude.
Distribution: Raja Annpat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 160 knn^. The nnaxinnunn ECO
estinnated nnore than 10000 knn^ taking into ac¬
count the area of Misool Island and available habi¬
tat. The current AGO is 12 knn^. The nnaxinnunn AGO
is likely nnuch higher. No infornnation is available on
the population size and trend, however P. bicornis
is one of the nnost connnnon Diplonnnnatinidae spe¬
cies in central part of Misool. This species is cur¬
rently known fronn several localities and inhabits
old-growth lowland rainforests on linnestone soils.
The population is not severely fragnnented. No nna-
Jor threat has been identified. Misool Island is still
very pristine and covered by prinnary rainforests for
over 75%. However, hunnan population is growing
and local developnnent is ongoing especially be¬
cause of establishing new adnninistrative divisions
on this island (in order to attract funding). Hitherto
no large scale deforestation recorded on Misool,
but sonne areas (for exannple near Lilinta vill. in the
SE) suffered fronn illegal logging over a decade ago.
Significant decline in ECO, AGO or quality of habi¬
tat cannot be projected for this species within next
10 years. Further research is required to highlight
threats for P. bicornis.
Palaina (s. I.) biroi Soos, 1911 (Figs 48 & 118,
plate 33 figs 13-27, nnap 27)
Lectotype NMNL: Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen, Biro 1901.
Additional material: 42 adults & 3 Juv. UWCP: Mu¬
seum of Nat. Hist.. Wroclaw Papua-New Guinea, Prov.
Madang Balek ca 15 km SW of Madang by the road to
Lae. In primeval rain forest on the cliff, limestone, ca.
100 m a.s.l. Leg. A.Wiktor 6.10.1990 No. 2531 [printed]
/ Palaina biroi Soos, 1911 Det. A.Wiktor 1996 [printed
] / 2531 Balek 6 X [handwritten]; 3 adults: Museum of
Nat. Hist.. Wroclaw Papua-New Guinea, Prov. Madang
Nabanab Mission ca 15 km NW of Madang, near vil¬
lage in destroyed forest ca 380 m a.s.l. Leg. A.Wiktor
10.10.1990 No. 2535 [printed] / Palaina biroi Soos,
1911 Det.A.Wiktor 1996 [printed]; 8 adults & 2 Juv.: Mu¬
seum of Nat. Hist.. Wroclaw Papua-New Guinea, Prov.
Madang in mangrove near Riwo vill. /N of Madang/. Leg.
A.Wiktor 15.10.1990 No. 2546 [printed] / Palaina biroi
Soos, 1911 Det.A.Wiktor 1996 [printed]; 18 adults & 1
Juv.: Museum of Nat. Hist.. Wroclaw Papua-New Guinea,
Prov. Madang Balek ca 15 km SW of Madang by the road
Madang-Lae in primeval rain forest, on the cliff and be¬
tween the caves, limestone ca. 100 m a.s.l. Leg. A.Wiktor
12.11.1990 No. 2584 [printed] / Palaina biroi Soos,
1911 Det.A.Wiktor 1996 [printed] / 2584 [handwritten];
2 adults: Museum of Nat. Hist.. Wroclaw Papua-New
Guinea, Prov. Madang near Korog vill.,ca 200 m a.s.l.
Leg. A.Wiktor 26.11.1990 No. 2600 [printed] / Palaina
biroi Soos, 1911 Det.A.Wiktor 1996 [printed] / 2600
26X1 Korog [handwritten]; 46 adults & 4 Juv. UF, 4 adults
KGC: UF 476278 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 1-spec,
[sic! over 50 specimens available] Palaina Papua New
Guinea, Madang Province, Rempi Mission, Sempi River
36 meters -5.0104° 145.7839° 9 Nov 2012, PNG12-
0320, PM14 John Slapcinsky 75% ethanol 476278
DNA SUBSAMPLE ONLY FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATU¬
RAL HISTORY / PNG12-0320; 15 adults & 2 Juv. UF: UF
476300 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 19-spec, [sic! only
17 specimens available] Palaina Papua New Guinea,
Madang Province Mototua -5.0755° 145.7734° 15
Nov 2012, PNG12-0646, PM23 John Slapcinsky 75%
ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY /
PNG12-0646; 1 adult UF: UF 475831 Mollusca, Diplom¬
matinidae 1-spec. Palaina Papua New Guinea, Madang
Province, Rempi Area, S Ululan -5.0093° 145.7708° 19
Nov 2012, PM31 John Slapcinsky dry FLORIDA MUSEUM
OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Note: Soos’ type collection was lost in the fire at
the Hungarian Natural History Museunn. Redescrip¬
tion is based on the lectotype fronn NMNL and on
connparative specinnens collected fronn the type lo¬
cality by Wiktor (1998).
References: Soos (1911: 348); Leschke (1912a:
145); van Benthenn Jutting (1963: 702); Wiktor
(1998: 17).
Measurennents: Selected specinnens fronn
Madang Province (UWGP): H = 1.6 nnnn, D = 0.85
nnnn, PD = 0.7 nnnn; H = 1.6 nnnn, D = 0.9 nnnn, PD =
0.6 nnnn; H = 1.6 nnnn, D = 0.9 nnnn, PD = 0.7 nnnn;
H = 1.5 nnnn, D = 0.85 nnnn, PD = 0.6 nnnn; H = 1.5
nnnn, D = 0.8 nnnn, PD = 0.65 nnnn; H = 1.4 nnnn, D =
0.8 nnnn, PD = 0.6 nnnn; H = 1.4 nnnn, D = 0.8 nnnn,
PD = 0.65 nnnn; H = 1.3 nnnn, D = 0.75 nnnn, PD =
0.5 nnnn. Selected specinnen fronn Rennpi Area (UF)
H = 1.3 nnnn, D = 0.8 nnnn, HW = 0.75 nnnn, PD = 0.6
nnnn.
Description: Shell is very snnall, whitish, creanny,
yellowish or strong yellow, sinistral, cylindrical with
broadly conical apex. Shell with 5-5V2 convex whorls,
the IV2 ennbryonic whorl is microscopically pitted.
Pits are arranged in axial rows. The protoconch is
placed oblique on the rest of the shell. The suture
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
is nnoderately deeply innpressed. The ultinnate whorl
as wide as the penultinnate whorl in apertural view.
The unnbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is poorly defined by a shallow innpression and (in
certain specinnens) nnuch sparser axial ribs. The
constriction is nnore or less centered in apertural
view. The teleoconch is sculptured with relatively
fine dense sinuous ribs. In certain specinnens the
ribs beconning very widely-spaced (up to 4x) above
the aperture, which is not the case in the lectotype.
There are abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern at
the constriction area. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are slightly
oblique to the coiling axis. There are 12-16 ribs per
0.5 nnnn. Spiral striae are extrennely delicate, partly
not indicated but dense when indicated. At 300x
nn a gnifi cation there are 5 rows of spiral striae per
30 pnn nneasured above the aperture. The aperture
is not or tilted about 10° to the coiling axis and is
circular and has entire apertural rim. The aperture
is more or less centered below the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The parietal margin of the
peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The
peristome is double or triple, all margins are not
sinuous or all palatal margins are slightly sinuous.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The columella is smooth and shiny, broad
in upper part and narrowed towards base, provided
with an obtuse median angulation. The operculum
is derivative - circular, transparent, with slightly el¬
evated concentric lines and very shallowly medially
impressed on the outer surface.
Ecology: This species inhabits primary and sec¬
ondary lowland to upper montane rainforests and
occurs in wet leaf litter on limestone and granite
soil. Reported from altitudes 60-3300 m.
Distribution: Eastern New Guinea: provinces
Chimbu and Madang. Record from Doberai Penin¬
sula (near Manokwari) in western New Guinea by
van Benthem Jutting (1963) is very dubious and is
likely based on misidentified specimen (which was
not available for my study).
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 2700 km^, but the maximum
ECO estimated higher. The current AGO is 40 km^,
but the maximum AGO is likely much higher. No in¬
formation is available on the population size and
trend. However, P. biroi is rather common species
widespread in Madang Province and adjacent part
of Chimbu. This species is known from several lo¬
calities and inhabits lowland and mid montane rain¬
forests. The population is not severely fragmented.
Habitat loss is the main threat. Between 2001 and
2014 about 78000 ha of the rainforest were lost
in Madang Province (calculated for canopy densi¬
ty over 25% according to the Global Forest Watch
(2016)). Deforestation reasons are commercial log¬
ging for international trade, expansion of oil palm
plantations and gardens as well as mining. Human
population growth is not rampant but continuous
slash and burn agriculture has negative impact on
the AGO. Continuing decline in extent and quality of
habitat for this species is estimated. But since P. bi¬
roi is widespread, common from mangrove swamps
to the mid montane rainforests, no continuous de¬
cline in ECO or AGO is projected. There are at least
4 locations. Further research is required on ecology
of this species as well as on the population size and
trend.
Palaina (s. I.) bougainvillei sp. nov. (Fig. 49, plate
34 figs 1-8, map 19)
httD://zoobank.org/45ClB9AD-08E9-4767-B798-
BA4EE4BA6862
Holotype UF (No 508077): UF 475819 Mollusca,
Diplommatinidae 22-spec. Palaina Papua New Guin¬
ea, Bougainville Province Bougainville Island, Kokopo
overgrown coconut plantation -5.4303° 154.6853° 5
Dec 2012, JDS-1287 John Slapcinsky, Cindy Bick dry
FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTOR [sic!] / Mollusca
475819.
Paratypes 101 specinnens: 12 adults 1 subadult & 5
Juv. UF, 3 adults KGC: sanne labels as holotype [1 adult
shell is badly broken]; 50 adults & 12 Juv. UF, 6 adults
KGC: UF 475781 Mollusca, Diplonnnnatinidae 50-spec.
Palaina Papua New Guinea, Bougainville Province Bou¬
gainville Island, Kokopo overgrown coconut plantation
-5.4303° 154.6853° 5 Dec 2012, JDS-1287 John Slap¬
cinsky, Cindy Bick 75% ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY [printed] / JDS 1287 [handwritten]; 9
adults & ljuv. UF, 2 adults KGC: UF 476386 Mollusca,
Diplonnnnatinidae 10-spec. Palaina Papua New Guinea,
Bougainville Province Buka Island, 5 km SW of Suhin Vil¬
lage -5.2265° 154.6781° 6 Dec 2012, PNG12-3249,
JDS-1289 John Slapcinsky, Cindy Bick 75% ethanol
476386 DNA subsample FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATU¬
RAL HISTORY [printed] / PNG12-3249 [printed] / 1289
[handwritten].
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species is
named after Bougainville, a group of Papua New
Guinean islands in the north of the Solomon Archi¬
pelago.
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.8 mm, D = 1.5
mm, HW = 1.45 mm, PD = 1.15 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens from Bougainville Island: H = 2.9
mm, D = 1.5 mm, HW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.15 mm;
H = 2.9 mm, D = 1.6 mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.2
mm; H = 2.75 mm, D = 1.4 mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD
= 1.15 mm; H = 2.6 mm, D = 1.5 mm, HW = 1.5
212
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
nnm, PD = 1.2 nnnn. Selected paratypic specinnens
fronn Buka Island: H = 3 nnnn, D = 1.6 nnnn, HW = 1.7
nnnn, PD = 1.3 nnnn; H = 2.7 nnnn, D = 1.4 nnnn, HW
= 1.4 nnnn, PD = 1.2 nnnn; H = 2.7 nnnn, D = 1.4 nnnn,
HW = 1.5 nnnn, PD = 1.1 nnnn.
Description: Shell is snnall, pale brown, sinis-
tral, conical with conical apex. Shell with 6 convex
whorls, the IV2 ennbryonic whorl is microscopically
pitted. The suture is deeply impressed. The ultimate
whorl is slightly ascending, it is about as wide as the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus
is closed in adult. The constriction is well delimited
by a short deep impression supplemented with an
angulate bulb just beyond the constriction. The con¬
striction situated on same axis with the columellar
side of the aperture. The teleoconch is sculptured
with delicate, dense, straight ribs. The ribs becom¬
ing coarser and 2-2. 5x more widely-spaced on the
last half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are slightly oblique
to the coiling axis. There are about 11-12 ribs per
0.5 mm. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is
not tilted against the coiling axis, is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is double, very thick in lateral
view and consists of numerous dense lamellae. The
parietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms a very
broad continuous polished callus. Peristomal mar¬
gins are not sinuous or the palatal margin of the
outer peristome is slightly sinuous. The columella
is smooth and shiny, twisted in basal third and then
turned down, forming -| -like columellaris which is
visible in the aperture (in certain specimens) in a
form of an inconspicuous denticle. The operculum
is derivative, in a form of a flying disc, with raised
margin and with few concentric lines, provided with
short and broad C-like median “handler” on the in¬
ner surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is pecu¬
liar in shape of the columella and its -| -like twist¬
ed columellaris (which is visible in the aperture),
in very dense axial ribs on the ultimate whorl and
due presence of distinctly angulate bulb. The ap¬
erture of Palaina aerari (Dell, 1955) (Solomon Is¬
lands: Nggela, Guadalcanal, Mono) also provided
with an inconspicuous columellar callus and an
angulate bulb is present on the ultimate whorl in
both species. P. aerari is larger (3.9 mm compared
with 2.6-3 mm in P. bougainvillei sp. nov.), axial ribs
are much more distant on early teleoconch whorls
than on the penultimate and the ultimate ones (in
contrast, there are no abrupt changes in axial rib¬
bing pattern in P. bougainvillei sp. nov., see plate 31
figs 13-15 & plate 34 figs 1-3) and the penultimate
whorl (in apertural view) is somewhat bulbous in P.
aerari but not in P. bougainvillei sp. nov.
Ecology: Specimens found in coconut plantation
overgrown by secondary rainforest vegetation as
well as in much degraded lowland rainforest, in leaf
litter.
Distribution: Solomon Islands archipelago: Bou¬
gainville Island, Buka Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from two localities. Currently not
enough data available to calculate current ECO.
The current AGO is 8 km^ but the maximum AGO is
likely much higher. The population size and trend
are unknown, but Palaina bougainvillei sp. nov. is
rather abundant in lowland coastal areas of Buka
and NW Bougainville. Since this species also inhab¬
its very disturbed vegetation, its population is likely
not dramatically affected by deforestation and pri¬
mary rainforest conversion into gardens. Further
research is required in order to clarify distribution,
measure population size and highlight threats for
this species.
Palaina (s. I.) brazier! (Cox, 1870) (Plate 34 figs
9-12, map 11)
Material 1 adult MCZ: Palaina brazieri Cox 251224
Kira Kira San Cristoval Solomon Islands Whitney Exp.
[handwritten] / Am. MUS. NAT. HIST, [printed] acc. 503
251224 [handwritten] / Mus.Comp.Zo6l., Cambridge,
Mass. No. [printed] 251224 Palaina brazieri Cox Kira
Kira San Cristoval, Solomon Ids. Whitney exped. [hand¬
written] Ex. A.M.N.H. Acc. 502 [printed].
Note: Type specimens of this species in the Lin-
nean Society NSW were lost by the great fire of the
Garden Palace in September of 1882 (Jude Philp,
personal communication). Redescription is based
on the specimen from Kira Kira vill., Makira (= San
Cristobal) Island.
References: Cox (1870: 84), as Diplommatina
brazieri] Pfeiffer (1876: 84), as D.[iplommatina]
Brazieri] Kobelt & von Mollendorff (1898: 152),
checklist, as Palaina Subgen. Palaina s. str. braz¬
ieri] Kobelt (1902: 395), as P[alaina] (P[alaina])
brazieri] Solem (1960: 49); Clench (1965: 5, pi. 2
fig. 4); Gardner (1990: 7).
Measurements: H = 3.5 mm, D = 1.8 mm, HW =
1.8 mm, PD = 1.6 mm.
Description: Shell is large, whitish, dextral, apex
is conical. Shell with 6V4 convex whorls, the IV2 em¬
bryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
is rather deeply innpressed. The ultinnate whorl is
as wide as the penultinnate whorl in apertural view.
The unnbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is poorly defined by a flat broad innpression. The
constriction is nnore or less centered in apertural
view. The teleoconch is sculptured with very widely-
spaced coarse sinuous ribs. There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially
synchronized with those of the previous whorls and
are oblique to the coiling axis. There are 5-6 ribs
per 1 nnnn. The ribs beconning nnore distant on the
ultinnate whorl. Spiral striae are lacking. The aper¬
ture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is circular
and has entire apertural rinn. The aperture is nnore
or less centered below the penultinnate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The peristonne is double. All nnargins
of the peristonne are not sinuous. The inner peri¬
stonne fornns a continuous polished callus which
is expanding and covering over a half of the ulti¬
nnate whorl in apertural view. The parietal nnargin
of the peristonne is attached to the ultinnate whorl.
No specinnens were available to study the internal
lannellae. Operculunn is unknown.
Ecology: According to the original description
this species was originally found on wet places in
nnontane areas. Gardner (1990) signals specinnens
were sannpled fronn leaf litter. San Cristobal Island
was initially covered by prinnary lowland rainforest.
Distribution: Solonnon Islands: Makira (= San
Cristobal) Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO and
AGO. The nnaxinnunn ECO estinnated at least 4000
knn^ taking into account the area of Makira and
adjacent islets. The population size and trend are
unknown. The main threat for this species is un¬
known. Further research is required to clarify status
of this species in the wild, assess its distribution,
population size, trend and highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) bundiana Wiktor, 1998 (Plate 34 figs
13-15, map 26)
Holotype UWCP: Museum of Nat. Hist., Wroclaw Pap¬
ua- New Guinea, Prov. Madang. Bundi, near mission (SW
of Madang) ca 1400 m a.s.l. Leg.A.Wiktor 23.10.1990
No. 2556 [printed] / Palaina bundiana n.sp. Wiktor Ho-
lotypus! Det. et leg. A. Wiktor No. MP 662 [printed ] / Ho-
lotvpus! [printed] / Palaina bundiana A.Wiktor [printed].
Pa retype 1 adult UWCP: Museum of Nat. Hist.. Wro¬
claw Papua- New Guinea, Prov. Madang. Bundi, near
mission (SW of Madang) ca 1400 m a.s.l. Leg.A.Wiktor
23.10.1990 No. 2556 [printed] / Palaina bundiana n.sp.
Wiktor Paratypi Det. et leg. A. Wiktor No MP 662 [print¬
ed] / Paratvpus! [printed] / Palaina bundiana A.Wiktor
[printed].
References: Wiktor (1998: 19).
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.1 mm, D = 1.5
mm, HW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.05 mm. Paratypic speci¬
men H = 2.8 mm, D = 1.5 mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD
= 0.9 mm.
Description: Shell midsized, whitish to pale rose,
sinistral, high conical. Shell with 6V2 convex whorls,
the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically pitted.
The suture is deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl
is constricted, it is slightly wider than the penul¬
timate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is not delimited on
shell wall. The teleoconch is sculptured with coarse
dense slightly sinuous ribs. There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not
synchronized with those of the previous whorls and
are slightly oblique to the coiling axis. There are 6-8
ribs per 0.5 mm. Spaces between ribs are smooth.
The aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis,
is circular and has entire apertural rim. The aper¬
ture is more or less centered below the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The parietal margin of the
peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The
peristome is double, all margins are not sinuous.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The basal margin of the outer peristome is
somewhat reflexed. No specimens were available
to study the internal lamellae. The operculum is
primitive - circular, transparent, with few concentric
lines.
Ecology: This species is reported from abandoned
gardens (= degraded lower montane rainforest) on
a steep cliff at 1300-1400 m. Specimens observed
in very wet conditions under pieces of decaying
wood.
Distribution: Eastern New Guinea: Madang Prov¬
ince.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO.
The current AGO is 8 km^, but the maximum AGO
is likely much higher. The population size and trend
are unknown. P. bundiana is generally not abundant
species which is known from one locality. Threats
are unknown but since P. bundiana occurs also in
degraded rainforest habitats where wet leaf litter is
available. Further research is required on distribu¬
tion of this species, its population size and threats.
Palaina (s. I.) carbavica 0. Boettger, 1891 (Figs
52, 119-120, plate 34 figs 16-20, maps 7 & 10)
Lectotype SMF: Palaina carbavica Bttgr. Gunung Car-
bau, Hitu, N.Amboina. ^ D? Ad. Strubell 90. [handwritten]
/ Senckenberg.Mus. [printed] 105155/01 [handwrit¬
ten] Frankfurt-M. [printed] Palaina carbavica O.Boettger
214
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Lectotypus! Orig. 1891 T.4 F.5 N-Amboina: Gunung
Carbau, Hitu A.Strubell 1890 [handwritten] Sammiung
O.Boettger [printed].
Paralectotypes SMF: 5 adults: Palaina carbavica Btt-
gr. GunungCarbau, Flitu, N.Amboina.^D?Ad.Strubell 90.
[handwritten] / Senckenberg.Mus. [printed] 105156/5
[handwritten] Frankfurt-M. [printed] Palaina carbavica
O.Boettger Paratypoide! Orig. 1891 T.4 F.5 N-Amboina:
Gunung Carbau, Flitu A.Strubell 1890 [handwritten]
Sammiung O.Boettger [printed]. 3 adults: Pal. carbavica
Bttg. xxFIitu, Amboina [handwritten, label yellow] / Senck-
enbg.Mus. [printed] 105156/5 [handwritten] Frankfurt-
M. [printed] Palaina (Cylindrop.) carbavica O.Bttgr. Para-
typen N-Amboina: Gunung Carbau, Flitu A.Strubell 1890
[handwritten] Sammiung O.v.Moellendorff [printed].
1 adult: Pal. carbavica Bttg. Ema auf Leitimor, S. Am¬
boina. xA. Strubell 90. [handwritten] / Senckenbg.Mus.
[printed] 105157/1 [handwritten] Frankfurt-M. [printed]
Palaina (Cylindrop.) carbavica O.Bttgr. Paratypus S-Am-
boina: Ema auf Leitimor A.Strubell 1890 [handwritten]
Sammiung O.Boettger [printed]
Additional material: 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA E,
Prov. Maluku tengah, Seram N, distr. Seram Utara,
Trans-Seram road between Masohi and Sawai, Florale
(former Saka) vill. ~7 km SW, river valley, 02°59’15”S,
129°02’37”E, 07.IV.2009, primary lowland rainforest,
leg. K.Greke; 3 adults & 1 subadult KGC, 2 adults & 1
subadult NME: INDONESIA E, Central Moluccas, Lease
Islands, Flaruku Is., Pelauw vill. 3.3 km S, 03°32’30”S,
128°27’15”E, 150-170 m, 18.VIII.2016, secondary
lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg. L. Wagner; 3 adults, 3
subadults KGC, 3 adults & 1 Juv. NME: INDONESIA E,
Central Moluccas, Lease Islands, northern arm of Am¬
bon Is., Waai 4 km NW, 03°32’56”S, 128°17’17”E, 300
m, 19.VI 1 1.2016, secondary lowland rainforest, leaf litter,
leg. L.Wagner.
References: Boettger 0. (1891: 286, pi. 4 fig. 5);
Kobelt & von Mollendorff (1898: 133), checklist, as
Palaina Subgen. Cylindropalaina Mlldff. carbavica;
Kobelt (1902: 394); van Benthenn Jutting (1953:
287); Zilch (1953: 14, pi. 5 fig. 78), as Palaina {Cyl-
indropalaina Moellendorff 1897) carbavica; Monk
etal. (1997: 395).
Measurennents: Selected paralectotypic speci¬
mens from Ambon Island: H = 2 mm, D = 1.05 mm,
HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.7 mm; H = 1.85 mm, D = 1.2
mm, HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 1.8 mm, D =
1.05 mm, HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, whitish to pale
brown, dextral, cylindrical with conical apex. Shell
with 6 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is
microscopically axially striate and with little pits in-
between. The suture is rather deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is slightly narrower than or as
wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is poorly defined by changes in ribbing pattern
(axial ribs becoming denser at the constriction)
and presence of a shallow short impression. The
constriction is more or less centered in apertural
view. The teleoconch is sculptured with fine, dense,
straight ribs. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are straight to the
coiling axis. There are 11-12 ribs per 0.5 mm. The
ribs becoming more widely-spaced on the last half
whorl. Spiral striae are very delicate and dense. The
aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is cir¬
cular and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is
more or less centered below the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The peristome is double. The pa¬
rietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms a con¬
tinuous polished callus. The margins of the inner
peristome are not sinuous. The columellar margin
of the outer peristome is slightly sinuous. The colu¬
mella is smooth and rather broad, provided with a
very large triangular median knob which is directed
backwards. The operculum is derivative, circular
with concentric ridges on the outer surface.
Ecology: This species inhabits primary and sec¬
ondary lowland rainforests on limestone soils.
Specimens occur in leaf litter on the undersides of
fallen leaves and pieces of decaying wood, as well
as on limestone rocks.
Distribution: Lease Islands (Central Moluccas):
Ambon Island, Haruku Island, Seram Island.
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. The
current ECO is about 2170 km^, but the maximum
ECO is at least 4000 km^ considering the total area
of Ambon, Haruku and adjacent part of Seram.
The current AGO is about 28 km^, but the maxi¬
mum AGO estimated higher but definitively below
the threshold of 500 km^. The population size and
trend are unknown. However, P carbavica is not
uncommon species on Ambon and Haruku. This
species is currently known from several localities
and inhabits lowland rainforests preferring those
on limestone soils. The population is not severely
fragmented. Habitat loss is the main threat. Defor¬
estation reasons are forest conversion to gardens,
timber use for building construction and for fire¬
wood. Expanding settlements require more space
and forest is cleared also for new villages. Human
population growth is rampant on Lease Islands. On
the other hand, interior of Seram is still pristine and
mountains of Ambon are not much affected by hu¬
man activities. There are at least 5 locations. Con¬
tinuing decline in extent and quality of habitat for
this species is documented and projected for two
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
locations, resulting in the Annbon AGO decline. Here
P. carbavica can also be found in disturbed forests
with partly closed canopy. No decline in AGO is hith¬
erto docunnented for Haruku and Serann locations.
There are no nature conservation areas on Lease
islands to protect populations of P. carbavica. Fur¬
ther research is required on distribution of this spe¬
cies and population size to be nneasured. Establish¬
ing nature conservation area to protect remaining
old-growth forests on Haruku and Ambon is highly
recommended.
Palaina (s. I.) chrysostoma E.A. Smith, 1897 (Figs
50-51, plate 35 figs 1-13, map 14)
Syntype 1 adult BMNH: Diplom chrysostoma Smith I.
Flores 4000ft. AM.S. 8.67-44. [handwritten] / chrysos¬
toma, Smith I. Flores [handwritten].
Additional material: 2 adults KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa
Tenggara, Flores Is., Ranamese Lake, 08°37.235’S,
120°33.554’E, 1295 m, 08.111.2011, primary lower
montane rainforest, soil sample No 2, leg. A.Riedel; 1
adult KGC & 1 adult NME: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara,
Flores Is., Ranamese Lake, 08°37.024’S, 120°33’40”E,
1270 m, 08.111.2011, primary lower montane rainforest,
soil sample No 3, leg. A.Riedel. 2 adult KGC & 1 adult
NME: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka
mt, 08°37.386’S, 120°31.156’E, 1575 m, 10.111.2011,
primary lower montane rainforest, soil sample No 11,
leg. A.Riedel; 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara,
Flores Is., Tebedo, 08°29.848’S, 119°59.633’E, 525
m, 14.111.2011, primary lowland rainforest, soil sample
No 1, leg. A.Riedel.
References: Smith E.A. (1897a: 626); Kobelt &
von Mollendorff (1898: 133), checklist, as Palaina
Subgen. Eu palaina Kob. et. Mlldff. chrysostoma]
Kobelt (1902: 397), as Palaina (Palaina) chrysos¬
toma; Rensch B. (1931: 390).
Measurements: Selected syntype H = 6 mm, D
= 3.5 mm, HW = 3.1 mm, PD = 2.7 mm. Selected
specimens from Lake Ranamese env.: H = 5.3 mm,
D = 3.1 mm, HW = 2.9 mm, PD = 2.4 mm; H = 5.2
mm, D = 3.5 mm, HW = 2.9 mm, PD = 2.6 mm; H
= 5.1 mm, D = 3 mm, HW = 3 mm, PD = 2.3 mm.
Description: Shell is very large, yellowish brown,
dextral, cylindrical, with conical apex. Shell with 7^/^
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is constricted, about as wide as
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The um¬
bilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is well
defined by a short shallow impression and suture
is deeply impressed over the constriction. The con¬
striction is centered in apertural view or is shifted
and situated on same axis with the columellar side
of the aperture. A strong bulb developed just be¬
yond the constriction, above the columellar side of
the aperture. The teleoconch is sculptured with fine
dense slightly sinuous ribs. There are rather abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern from very dense on
early whorls to widely-spaced on the (pen)ultimate
whorl(s). The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling
axis. There are 21-24 ribs per 1 mm. The ribs be¬
coming 3-4x more distant on the last half whorl. In
specimens from Mt. Ranaka the axial ribs are much
more widely-spaced on two last whorls than in type
specimens or Lake Ranamese material. In other
specimens the axial ribs are strongly reduced and
very flat on two last whorls. Spiral striae are lacking.
The aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is
circular or oval and has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is more or less centered below the penul¬
timate whorl in apertural view. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
The peristome is double, very broad in lateral view,
consists of numerous thin lamellae in lateral view.
The palatal margins of both peristomes are incon¬
spicuously sinuous. The inner peristome forms a
very broad continuous polished callus. The parietal
margin of the peristome has a flat callus. The colu¬
mella is shiny and broad provided with a more or
less distinct knob-like columellaris at the base. The
columellaris is visible (in most specimens) in the
aperture in a form of a very flat callus. The opercu¬
lum is derivative, circular, on the outer surface with
several low internal concentric ridges and one high
outer concentric ridge.
Ecology: This species occurs in leaf litter of pri¬
mary lowland to mid montane rainforests, it is ob¬
served at altitudes 525-1575 m.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores Island.
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. The
current EOG about 310 km^ (inclusive ~60 years
old records). The maximum EOG estimated about
5000 km^ taking into account total area of Flores
and adjacent Lembata, Alor and smaller islets. The
current AOO is 12 km^. The maximum AOO for this
species is definitively below 500 km^. No informa¬
tion is available on the population size and trend,
but this species seems widespread on Flores. This
species avoids arid and deforested lowlands. The
population is not severely fragmented, but the frag¬
mentation grade is likely to increase. Habitat loss
is the main threat. Drivers for it are conversion of
the rainforests to gardens, timber collecting and
small-scale logging. These activities result in habi¬
tat alteration, fragmentation and decline in AOG.
Growing human population of Flores combined
216
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
with nnore frequent and longer dry periods caused
by global warming and El Nino weather patterns will
likely have continued negative effect on the remain¬
ing natural rainforests of Flores. Between 2001
and 2014, Flores, its adjacent islands of Lembata,
Adonara, Solor and Rinca lost almost 29000 ha of
lowland forest (calculated for canopy density over
25% according to the Global Forest Watch (2016)).
Human population is not moving from lowlands to
montane areas, but wet mountains are threatened
by expanding gardens and logging for construction
purposes. Considering aforementioned facts, this
trend is likely to cause continuing decline in the
AGO. There are 4 locations. Continuing decline is
projected based on the present trend of forest loss.
Further research is required on distribution of this
species and its population size. Monitoring is to be
performed for the known subpopulations.
Palaina (s. I.) citrinella van Benthem Jutting,
1963 (Plate 35 figs 14-16, map 26)
Holotype NMNL: Indonesia, Papua, bij AJapo aan het
Sentanimeer, bos, 1954.11.06 Exp. L.D. Brongersma
c.s. 1954-1955 [printed].
References: van Benthem Jutting (1963: 707).
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.5 mm, D = 1.8
mm, HW = 1.9 mm, PD = 1.2 mm.
Description: Shell is large, white or yellowish
with brownish apex, sinistral, cylindrical, with blunt
apex. Shell with 6 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic
whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply
impressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted, it is
slightly narrower than eras wide as the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in
adult. The constriction is poorly defined by a very
shallow impression and a zone of denser placed
axial ribs. The constriction is more or less centered
in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
delicate irregularly dense sinuous ribs. The ribs be¬
coming more widely-spaced on the last half whorl.
In fully grown specimens the ribs becoming higher
(somewhat lamella-like) near the suture. There are
no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs
are not synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are
10-11 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae are very delicate.
The aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis,
is circular and has entire apertural rim. The aper¬
ture is more or less centered below the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The peristome is double.
The parietal margin of the peristome is attached
to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms
a narrow continuous polished callus. The margins
of the inner peristome are not sinuous. The palatal
margin of the outer peristome is slightly sinuous.
No specimens were available to study the internal
lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Species occurs in lowland rainforests on
limestone soil.
Distribution: Northern NewGuinea: LakeSentani.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO and
AGO. This species is known from material sampled
over 60 years ago from single locality and has not
been found again. The type locality is situated near
Jayapura, the administrative capital of Indonesian
New Guinea. This region is a subject of deforesta¬
tion and only small patches of natural rainforest
vegetation are remaining here. The population size
and trend are unknown. Further research is re¬
quired to clarify the status of P. citrinella in the wild,
evaluate its population size and highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) clappi Solem, 1960 (Plate 35 figs 20-
22, map 11)
Holotype UMMZ: Palaina clappi Solem HOLOTYPE
FLW18, behind Halavo, Florida Id., R.E. Kuntz! 1944
Solomon Is. UMMZ 181755 20495 [original correction]
[handwritten] / 181755 Holotype [text red] Diplomma¬
tinidae Palaina clappi Solem, 1960 Solomon Islands;
Central; Florida Islands: Halavo Kuntz, R. E., 1944: Dry;
1 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Mollusk Di¬
vision [printed, red border].
Pa retype FMNH: 55207 [printed] / 55207 FIELD MU¬
SEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY MOLLUSCA: DIPLOMMA¬
TINIDAE 1 dry spec. Paratype(s): Palaina clappi Solem,
1960 Sta. RK-55207, Solomon Islands, Florida Island,
Halavo, FLW 18 22 Oct 1944, R. Kuntz! Ex University of
Michigan Museum of Zoology [printed].
References: Solem (1960: 50, 51, pi. 6 fig. 3).
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.3 mm, D = 1.7
mm, PD = 1.2 mm (HW is not measured since the
ultimate whorl is completely hidden under expand¬
ing margin of the persitome in apertural view).
Paratype H = 2.35 mm, D = 1.9 mm, PD = 1.1 mm.
Description: Shell is small, white or pale brown,
sinistral, conical, with broadly conical apex. Shell
with 4%-5 convex whorls, the 2 embryonic whorls
are microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed, especially the suture of the ultimate whorl.
The ultimate whorl is strongly constricted and wid¬
ened again at the aperture. The ultimate whorl is
narrower than the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The ultimate whorl is strongly shifted upwards.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is
not visible from under the expanded parietal mar¬
gin of the peristome. The teleoconch is sculptured
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
with delicate dense slightly sinuous ribs. There are
no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs
are not synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are
8-9 ribs per 0.5 nnnn. Spiral striae are lacking. The
aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is oval
or subquadrangular and has entire apertural rinn.
The aperture is shifted left against the coiling axis
in apertural view. The peristonne is sinnple (the pa¬
rietal nnargin is ainnost straight) with a very broad
zone of nunnerous dense lannellae on the ultinnate
whorl prior to the peristonne. The parietal nnargin of
the peristonne is not fully attached to the ultinnate
whorl. The parietal nnargin of the inner peristonne
is strongly expanding and connpletely overrunning
(covering) the ultinnate whorl in apertural view. The
parietal / colunnellar junction of the peristonne de¬
veloped in an obtuse angulation. The nnargins of
the peristonne are not sinuous. Snnall flat colunnel-
laris is visible deep in the aperture. No specinnens
were available to study the internal lannellae. The
operculunn is derivative - in a fornn of a flying disc,
with raised nnargin, without concentric ridges.
Ecology: Type specinnens sannpled fronn leaf litter.
Distribution: Solonnon Islands: Nggela (= Florida)
Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO
and AGO. This species is known fronn specinnens
sannpled over 70 years ago fronn single locality. The
population size and trend are unknown. Threats for
P. clappi are unknown. Further research activities
are required on this species.
Palaina (s. I.) commixta I. Rensch, 1937 (Fig. 54,
plate 36 figs 1-17, nnap 28)
= Palaina commixta jacquinoti I. Rensch, 1937
syn. nov. (Plate 36 figs 8-11)
Holotype P. commixta MHUB: Malkong [handwritten]/
Zoolog. Museum Berlin, [printed] 90949 Palaina conn-
mixta I. Rensch. Neu-Ponnnnern Weite Bucht Malkong Ig.
Schneider, [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museunn Berlin. Tvpus
von: [printed] Palaina connnnixta I. Rensch Arch. Naturg.
N.F. Bd.6. H. 4. 1937, S. 604-605 Abb. 42. [handwritten]
[label red].
Holotype P commixta jacquinoti MHUB: Zoolog. Mu¬
seunn Berlin, [printed] Palaina connnnixta Jacquinoti I.
Rensch * Neu-Pommern Jacquinotbucht Pormea Ig. P.
Schneider 90953. [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museum Ber-
lin. Typus von: [printed] Palaina connnnixta Jacquinoti I.
Rensch Arch. Naturg. N.F. Bd.6 S.605, 1937 [handwrit¬
ten] [label red].
Additional material: 2 adults, 1 subadult & 2 Juv. UF:
UF 366585 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 5 specimen(s)
Paiaina sp.lO Papua New Guinea, East New Britain
Province New Britain 12 km N Marmar Village along
trail to Pakia Village secondary hill forest 900 meters
5.43187° S 151.45971° E Slapdnsky, J. 25-Febru-
ary-2005 JS-0772 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY / Mollusca 366581; 6 adults, 1 subadult &
6 Juv. UF: UF 366580 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 12
specimen(s) Paiaina sp. 10 Papua New Guinea, East
New Britain Province New Britain Saukale, 13 km NW
Marmar Village along trail to Pakia Village primary hill
forest 850 meters 5.42551° S 151.45337° E Slap-
cinsky, J. 28-February-2005 JS-0775 dry FLORIDA MU¬
SEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY / 775/ Mollusca 366580;
1 adult UF: UF 366578 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 5
specimen(s) Paiaina sp.lO Papua New Guinea, East
New Britain Province New Britain 12 km N Marmar Vil¬
lage along trail to Pakia Village secondary hill forest
450 meters 5.49651° S 151.49027° E Slapcinsky,
J. 04-March-2005 JS-0777 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY / JS 777 / Palaina; 5 adults UF: UF
366585 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 5 specimen(s)
Paiaina Papua New Guinea, East New Britain Province
New Britain, Renis Peninsula, E of Galowe Village prima¬
ry coastal forest 1 meters 5.52071° S 151.48331° E
Slapcinsky, J. 06-March-2005 JS-0778 drowned in water
> 75% ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
/ 778; 5 adults & 4 Juv. UF, 1 adult KGC: UF 366579
Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 12 specimen(s) Paiaina
Papua New Guinea, East New Britain Province New Brit¬
ain, Renis Peninsula, E of Galowe Village primary coastal
forest 1 meters 5.52071° S 151.48331° E Slapcinsky,
J. 06-March-2005 JS-0778 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY/ Mollusca 366579.
References P commixta: Rensch 1. (1937: 604).
References P commixta Jacquinoti: Rensch I.
(1937: 605).
Measurennents: Holotype P. commixta H = 2.7
nnnn, D = 1.5 nnnn, HW = 1.5 nnnn, PD = 1.2 nnnn.
Holotype P. commixta jacquinoti H = 2.9 nnnn, D =
1.55 nnnn, HW = 1.6 nnnn, PD = 1.2 nnnn. Specinnens
from Galowe vill. env. H = 3.5 mm, D = 2 mm, HW =
1.3 mm, PD = 1.5 mm; H = 3.1 mm, D = 2 mm, HW
= 1.8 mm, PD = 1.4 mm; H = 3.2 mm, D = 2 mm,
HW = 1.65 mm, PD = 1.5 mm.
Description: Shell is small, white or pale brown,
sinistral, conical, with conical apex. Shell with 5%
convex whorls, the l%-2 embryonic whorls are
microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted, as wide
as the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The um¬
bilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is defined
by a short shallow impression. The constriction is
more or less centered in apertural view. The te-
leoconch is sculptured with coarse dense straight
or sinuous ribs. On the teleoconch, the ribs are
bending counter-clockwise on the peripheries of
whorls. The ribs becoming much coarser and more
218
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
widely-spaced on the last half whorl. There are no
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are
not synchronized with those of the previous whorls
and are straight to the coiling axis. There are 10-
11 ribs per 1 nnnn. Spiral striae are very delicate,
dense. The aperture is not tilted against the coiling
axis, is circular and has entire apertural rinn. The
aperture is nnore or less centered below the pen-
ultinnate whorl in apertural view. The parietal side
of the peristonne is attached to the ultinnate whorl.
The peristonne is double, thin in lateral view. The in¬
ner peristonne fornns a continuous polished callus.
Peristonnal nnargins are not sinuous or the palatal
and colunnellar nnargins are distinctly sinuous. The
colunnella issnnooth and broad, obliquely twisted in
its lower fourth, fornning a horizontal colunnellaris.
The colunnellaris is directed outwards but is not vis¬
ible in the aperture. The operculunn is derivative,
circular and transparent, strongly innpressed on the
outer surface, with irregular low ridge along about
the half of the periphery of the inner surface, with¬
out concentric lines.
Ecology: Prinnary and secondary lowland rainfor¬
ests, leaf litter.
Distribution: Bisnnarck Archipelago: New Britain
Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 40 km^, but the maximum
ECO estimated significantly higher. The current
AGO is 12 km^. This species is abundant in histori¬
cal material from Jacquinot Bay env. and is not un¬
common in recently collected material. P. commixta
inhabits both primary and disturbed lowland rain¬
forests and is reported from sea level up to 950 m.
New Britain is still forested and pristine, especially
in its central part. H oweve r fo rests being converted
to gardens, especially along coastline and at lower
altitudes. The area of New Britain covered by rain¬
forest is decreasing constantly, between 2001 and
2014 about 166000 ha of the rainforest were lost
(calculated for canopy density over 25% according
to the Global Forest Watch (2016)). But the popula¬
tion of P. commixta seems stable during over 90
years and threats cannot be identified.
Palaina (s. I.) consobrina van Benthem Jutting,
1963 (Plate 35 figs 17-19, maps 23)
Holotype NMBL: Humboldtbay.
Paratype NMBL: Kali Berap, near Berap, NW of Gen-
jiem, Numbou, 4.XI.1954, Exp. Bongersma [not studied].
References: Bavay (1908: 290), as Diplomma-
tina papuana] van Benthem Jutting (1963: 705, pi.
29 fig. 26).
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.9 mm, D = 2.7
mm, HW = 2.1 mm, PD = 2 mm. Paratype (accord-
ingto the original description) H = 4.8 mm, D = 2.7
mm, PD = 2.5 mm.
Description: Shell is large to very large, white
or yellowish brown, sinistral, obese, with broadly
conical apex. Shell with 6 convex whorls, the 1.5-
2 embryonic whorls are microscopically pitted. The
suture is deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is
constricted, ascending, about as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is well defined by
presence of a broad flat impression. The constric¬
tion is more or less centered in apertural view.
The teleoconch is sculptured with delicate dense
strongly sinuous ribs. The ribs are less dense on the
ultimate whorl than on preceding ones. The ribs be¬
coming higher, lamella-like near the suture and rise
over it. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls and are strongly oblique
to the coiling axis. There are about 10 ribs per 1
mm. Spiral striae are strong but visible on the ulti¬
mate whorl only. The aperture is not tilted against
the coiling axis, is circular and has entire apertural
rim. The aperture is more or less centered below
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The peri¬
stome is double, thin in lateral view. A broad zone of
numerous dense lamellae present on the ultimate
whorl prior to the peristome. The parietal margin of
the peristome is not fully attached to the ultimate
whorl. The inner peristome forms a continuous pol¬
ished callus which expands upwards and covering
most of the ultimate whorl in apertural view. Peri¬
stomal margins are not sinuous, just the palatal
margin is somewhat sinuous. No specimens were
available to study the internal lamellae. Operculum
is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Northern New Guinea: near Jaya-
pura and Lake Sentani.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO and
AGO. This species is known from two specimens
sampled over 70 years ago from two localities. No
information is available on the population size and
trend. Further basic research is required on this
species.
Palaina (s. I.) cupulifera van Benthem Jutting,
1963 (Plate 35 figs 23-25, map 26)
Holotype NMNL: Schouten Islands, E of Biak, Bos-
nik, on coral rockNear sago swannp, Toxopeus, L.J.,
1938.06.16.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
References: van Benthenn Jutting (1963: 704, pi.
29 fig. 25).
Measurennents: Holotype H = 4.5 nnnn, D = 3.1
mm, HW = 2.5 mm, PD = 2.3 mm.
Description: Shell is very large, white, sinistral,
very obese, with flattened apex. Shell with 6 rather
flat whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopi¬
cally pitted. The suture is deeply impressed. The
ultimate whorl is ascending, about as wide as the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbili¬
cus is closed in adult. The constriction is not de¬
limited on shell wall. Teleoconch sculpture on first
two whorls consists of very conspicuous axial ribs.
Those ribs are very widely-spaced and curved back¬
wards in a form of large, cup-shaped pits. The rest
of teleoconch is covered with widely-spaced sinu¬
ous ribs. There are abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern from strongly curved on the early whorls to
dense on the younger ones. The ribs are not syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and are
strongly oblique to the coiling axis. There are about
7 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae are delicate. The ap¬
erture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is cir¬
cular and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is
shifted left against the coiling axis in apertural view.
The peristome is double, with several flat circular
lamellae between the inner and outer peristome.
The ultimate whorl provided with numerous dense
lamellae prior to the peristome. The peristome ex¬
pands and overruns (covering) the ultimate whorl
in apertural view. The parietal margin of the peri¬
stome is not fully attached to the ultimate whorl.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus, which expands upwards and covers most
of the ultimate whorl in apertural view. Peristomal
margins are not sinuous. No specimens were avail¬
able to study the internal lamellae. Operculum is
unknown.
Ecology: Specimens were sampled in a swampy
area on limestone soil.
Distribution: Cenderawasih Bay: Biak Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO and
AGO. The maximum EGO for this species estimated
7800 km^ taking into account the area of Biak, Su-
piori, Numfoor and adjacent islets. This species is
known from two specimens sampled over 80 years
ago from one locality. Biak is widely known by high
proportion of endemic molluscs (e.g. van Benthem
Jutting 1963). No information is available on the
population size and trend for P. cupulifera. Threats
are not known. Further basic research is required
on this species.
Palaina (s. I.) dianctoides sp. nov. (Plate 36 figs
18-24, map 22)
httD://zoobank.org/31EECAA7-BBBl-4FE5-8FAA-
162D7D25F6D0
Flolotype NME: INDONESIA E, West Papua, Onin Pen¬
insula, Fak-Fak 40-42 km NE, between Kokas & Goras
vilL, 2°43’19”S, 132°37’57”E, 0-10 m, 27.IX.2010, pri¬
mary lowland rainforest on limestone, limestone cliff,
leg. K.Greke.
Derivatio nominis: This name should point on
conchological similarity with representatives of the
diplommatinid genus Diancta Martens, 1864.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 3.95 mm, D = 2.4
mm, FIW = 1.9 mm, PD = 1.85 mm.
Description: Shell is large, orange brown, dextral,
high cylindrical with conical apex. Shell with 6 con¬
vex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopi¬
cally pitted. The suture is deeply impressed. The
penultimate whorl is bulbous. The ultimate whorl
is constricted, slightly ascending and distinctly nar¬
rower than the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is
well defined by presence of a deep broad impres¬
sion supplemented with a zone of denser placed
axial ribs. There is a strong bulb Just beyond the con¬
striction above the columellar side of the aperture.
The constriction is situated close to the columellar
axis of the aperture. The teleoconch is sculptured
with moderately coarse, dense, straight or slightly
sinuous ribs. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique to
the coiling axis. There are 15-16 ribs per 1 mm. The
ribs becoming twice more widely spaced on the last
half whorl. Spiral striae are very delicate, dense.
The aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis,
is circular and has entire apertural rim. The aper¬
ture is shifted right against the coiling axis in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome
is double, very thick in lateral view and consists of
numerous dense lamellae. Peristomal margins are
not sinuous. The inner peristome forms a continu¬
ous polished callus, expands strongly and covers
over a half of the ultimate whorl in apertural view.
The outer peristome is broadly discontinued pari-
etally. Because only one specimen was available
for study, I did not damage the shell to study the
internal lamellae. The operculum is derivative - cir¬
cular, flat, with several low concentric ridges on the
outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is unique
within Palaina due to the combination of the follow-
220
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
ing characters: shell is large, the penultinnate whorl
is bulbous, wider than the ultinnate whorl, very
strong postconstriction bulb is presents, the inner
peristonne expands into a very broad continuous
callus, the parietal nnargin of the inner peristonne
covers nnost of the ultinnate whorl in apertural
view, the operculunn is without concentric ridges or
raised nnargin.
Ecology: The single specinnen was found on
coastal linnestone cliff in prinnary lowland rainforest
about 20 nn fronn the sea shore.
Distribution: New Guinea: Onin Peninsula.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current and
nnaxinnunn EDO. The current AGO is 4 knn^, the
nnaxinnunn AGO is likely nnuch higher. No infornna-
tion is available on the population size and trend.
Threats are unknown for this species. Further basic
research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) diepenheimi (Preston, 1913) comb.
nov. (Plate 37 figs 1-7, map 6)
Lectotype BMNH [herewith designated]: Diancta
diepenheimi Pre[ston] Beilan - Beilan Isl. Moluccas
(Type in tube). 1914.1.4.435-1944.5.8.1-3 [handwrit¬
ten] / Type, [printed] / diepenheimi Preston. Dutch. E.
Indies, [handwritten].
Paralectotypes 3 adults BMNH [herewith designat¬
ed]: same labels as lectotype.
Additional material: 1 adult MHUB: 63794 [hand¬
written] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin [printed, text under¬
lined] Diancta diepenheimi Prest. 1913 Isd. of. Beilan-
Beilan Moluccen [sic!] Preston 63794 [handwritten]; 1
adult ZSM: Zoolg. Staatssammig. Munchen, Abt. Wirbel-
lose Tiere [underlined] Diancta tiessenhauseni Prest.
Ins.Beilan-Beilan Typ. [printed] / 6.4. [handwritten].
Lectotype designation: Lectotype is selected
from four syntypes, all with same labels.
Notes: This species is lacking typical characters of
Diancta Martens, 1864 (e.g. bulbous penultimate
whorl, presence of longitudinal parietalis). Conse¬
quently I decided to move it to Palaina (s. str). The
lectotype is selected from a series of 4 syntypes all
with the same labels.
References: Preston (1913: 438), as Diancta
diepenheimi.
Measurements: Lectotype H = 3.2 mm, D = 1.7
mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1 mm. Selected paralec-
totype specimens: H = 3.1 mm, D = 1.6 mm, HW =
1.5 mm, PD = 1.1 mm; H = 2.8 mm, D = 1.7 mm,
HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1 mm.
Description: Shell is small to moderately large,
whitish to pale brown with darker protoconch, dex-
tral, high cylindrical with convex apex. Shell with
5V2-6V2 moderately convex whorls, the IV2 embry¬
onic whorl is smooth. The suture is rather deeply
impressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted, nar¬
rower than the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is well defined by a short distinct impression. The
constriction situated on same axis with the pala¬
tal side of the aperture (exception is one paralec-
totype in which the constriction is centered on the
apertural side). The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse widely-spaced, slightly sinuous axial ribs on
the early and the central whorls. The ribs becoming
more widely-spaced on the last half whorl. There
are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The
ribs are not synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are
8 ribs per 1 mm, but 9-10 ribs over the aperture. Ex¬
tremely delicate and dense spiral striae are present
on teleoconch whorls (one paralectotype has very
distinct striation). The penultimate whorl has the
upper and lower margins parallel or almost parallel
in apertural view. The aperture is tilted about 5-10°
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap¬
ertural rim. The aperture is shifted right against the
coiling axis in apertural view. The parietal margin
of the peristome is completely or not completely at¬
tached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is dou¬
ble, thin in lateral view. The inner peristome forms a
continuous polished callus. The palatal margins of
both peristomes are sinuous. No specimens were
available to study the internal lamellae. Operculum
is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Belangbelang Island is cov¬
ered by primary lowland rainforest on limestone
soil.
Distribution: Southernmost North Moluccas: Be¬
langbelang Island of Obi Islands group. Almost cer¬
tainly this species should be found on other islands
of Obi group, particularly on limestone Obilatu Is¬
land.
Gonservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Palai¬
na diepenheimi is known from type series collected
over 100 years ago from single locality. No enough
data available to calculate current EOO and AOO.
The area of Belangbelang Island is 7 km^. The total
area of all Obi Islands is about 5100 km^. It is very
unlikely P diepenheimi occurs all over Obi Islands
(especially not on distant Gomumu and Tobalai)
and only small fractions of Obi rainforests are locat¬
ed on limestone soils. Gonsequently, the maximum
EOO for this species is certainly below 5000 km^.
The main threat for this species is unknown. Be¬
langbelang Island is uninhabited, but all neighbour¬
ing islands (small Bisa, Obilatu, Tapat and large
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Obira) are. The area of Obi Islands covered by rain¬
forest is decreasing constantly, between 2001 and
2014 about 11000 ha of the rainforest were lost
(calculated for canopy density over 25% according
to the Global Forest Watch (2016)). Additional re¬
search on Obira Island carried out by the University
of Florida (2008), as well as on Bisa and Obira is¬
lands by the Entonnological Society of Latvia (2011,
2013) gave no result for this species. The popula¬
tion of P. diepenheimi is likely snnall or restricted
to Belangbelang and, possibly, Obilatu and Tapat
islands. Additional research is required on Belang¬
belang to clarify population size. Further efforts are
required to discover populations of P. diepenheimi
on Obilatu and Tapat, as well as on Obira.
Remark: A specimen labelled as “Diancta tiessen-
hauseni” in ZSM is conspecific with Paiaina diepen¬
heimi, is coming from the locus typicus of it and
was certainly collected together with the syntypes.
Paiaina (s. I.) doberaisjp. nov. (Fig. 53, plate 36 figs
25-27, map 24)
http://zoobank.org/5B05B3A9-7546-4A43-9C4D-
51765 AB399D9
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Ayannaru vill. -15,5-14 knn N, 1°08’04”S,
132°10’59”E to 1°09’29S, 132°11’30”E, -275-250
m, 02.IX.2015, prinnary lowland rainforest on linnestone,
leaf litter, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa raty pes 4 adults KGC: sanne label as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. Named after Do-
berai or the Bird’s Flead Peninsula of New Guinea
where this species occurs. Noun in apposition, in¬
variable.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 2.9 mm, D = 1.5
mm, FIW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.3 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: FI = 2.8 mm, D = 1.55 mm, FIW =
1.6 mm, PD = 1.25 mm; FI = 2.75 mm, D = 1.5 mm,
FIW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.2 mm; FI = 2.7 mm, D = 1.5
mm, FIW = 1.65 mm, PD = 1.3 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish (body yellow),
sinistral and rather broadly conical with convex
apex. Shell with 6 convex whorls, the IV4 embry¬
onic whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is strongly
constricted, about as wide as the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in
adult. The constriction is poorly defined by pres¬
ence of a shallow impression and a zone of denser
placed axial ribs. The constriction is more or less
centered in apertural view or is situated on same
axis with the columellar side of the aperture. The
teleoconch is sculptured with delicate rather dense
straight axial ribs. There are no abrupt changes in
the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique to
the coiling axis. There are 6-7 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spi¬
ral striae are lacking. The aperture is tilted about
10-15° to the coiling axis and is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is double. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
The outer peristome is broadly discontinued pari-
etally. The peristome is broad and consists of nu¬
merous dense lamellae in lateral view. The inner
peristome forms a continuous polished callus. The
palatal margins of the inner (stronger) and the out¬
er (less strong) peristomes are sinuous. The colu¬
mellar margins of both peristomes are sinuous. The
columella is smooth and bulbous, provided with a
large median knob which is directed backwards.
The operculum is primitive - without ridges and im¬
pressed on the outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is peculiar
among all congeners due to the combination of the
following characters: yellow body, large aperture,
two last whorls almost equally broad in apertural
view, the columella is provided with a large back¬
wards-directed median knob, axial ribs are straight.
Ecology: Specimens were collected from leaf litter
in primary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Distribution: New Guinea: lowlands of Doberai
Peninsula.
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO. The
maximum EDO for this species estimated 8-10000
km^ taking into account its estimated distribution
(based on limestone soils map for this region). The
current AGO is 4 km^, but the maximum AGO is sig¬
nificantly larger. The population size and trend are
unknown, but this species was found on only one
site in the large area. Flabitat loss and alteration
caused by logging, mining, and conversion of for¬
ests into gardens and plantations, as well as the
expansion of human settlements in lowland areas
considered the main threats. The forested part of
the maximum EGO is decreasing constantly, be¬
tween 2001 and 2014 over 10000 ha of the rain¬
forest were lost (calculated for canopy density over
25% according to the Global Forest Watch (2016)).
Continuing decline in extent and quality of habitat
is observed and projected for P. doberai sp. nov.
Taking into account constantly growing human pop¬
ulation of Doberai Peninsula, this trend is likely to
continue. Further research is required in order to
clarify population size and trend for this species.
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Palaina (s. I.) dohertyi E.A. Smith, 1897 (Fig. 55,
plate 37 figs 8-21, nnap 24)
Lectotype BMNH [herewith designated]: Paltaaina
[original correction] Dohertvi. Smith ? Types [correction
on the label] Kapaur N. Guinea novoguineensis Smith
TYPES 1897.4.30.53-6 [handwritten] / Dohertyi, [correc¬
tion on the label] Smith Kapaur New Guinea [handwrit¬
ten] / Type, [printed].
Paralectotypes 3 adults BMNH [herewith designat¬
ed]: same labels as lectotype.
Additional material: 1 adult FMNH: 72772 [printed]
/ 72772 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY MOLLUS-
CA: DIPLOMMATINIDAE 1 dry spec. Possible Syntype(s):
Palaina dohertyi E.A. Smith, 1897 Sta. FMNH72772,
Indonesia, West Papua, New Guinea, Kapaur ex F.F.
La id law ex H. Fulton (Acc.# 11666) [printed]; 8 adults
KGC, 5 adults & 1 subadult NME: INDONESIA E, West
PAPUA, Onin Peninsula, Fak-Fak 10 km E, 2°56’32”S,
132°23’01”E, Sakarteman vill. 1-4 km W, River Sakar-
teman valley, 350-450 m, 26.IX.2010, primary lowland
rainforest on limestone, leg. K.Greke.
Lectotype designation: Lectotype is selected
fronn a series of 4 syntypes, all with the sanne la¬
bels.
Note: Originally labelled 'Palaina dohertyi’.
29.1.1962 note fronn Dr. Whitehead reads These
shells are not dohertyi but probably novoguieneen-
sis described at the sanne tinne’. 24.9.1962 note
fronn van Benthenn Jutting reads These shells are
certainly Palaina dohertyi and not novoguineensis.
The latter is dextral and nnore obese. However the
notations of the figures in the paper were reversed,
dohertyi being pi. 9, fig. 32-33 and novoguieneen-
sis on pi. 9, fig. 30-31’. I herewith re-confirnn that
according to the original description, four shells of
T897. 7.30. 53-56’ belong to Palaina dohertyi but
the figures in the original descriptions of both P.
dohertyi and P. novoguieneensis were reversed
References: Snnith E.A. (1897b: 418, pi. 9 figs
32-33 not 30-31); Kobelt & von Mollendorff (1898:
132), checklist, as Palaina Subgen. Eupalaina Kob.
et. Mlldff. dohertyi; Kobelt (1902: 398), as Palaina
(Palaina) dohertyi; van Benthenn Jutting (1963:
703).
Measurennents: Lectotype H = 2.9 nnnn, D = 1.7
nnnn, HW = 1.4 nnnn, PD = 1.4 mm. Selected speci¬
mens from River Sakarteman valley: H = 2.95 mm,
D = 1.9 mm, PD = 1.1 mm; H = 2.95 mm, D = 1.8
mm, PD = 1 mm; H = 2.8 mm, D = 1.6 mm, PD =
1.3 mm; H = 2.9 mm, D = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.3 mm.
Description: Shell is small, white with yellow
2-4 first whorls, sinistral, narrow and high coni¬
cal. Shell with 8 convex whorls, the 1% embryonic
whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply
impressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted, nar¬
rower than the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is well defined by presence of a short shallow im¬
pression and changes in ribbing pattern (The ribs
becoming less conspicuous and lower in the con¬
striction). The constriction is more or less centered
in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse widely-spaced strong and high humped and
sinuous lamella-like axial ribs. The ribs becoming
very widely-spaced on the last half whorl. There are
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern at the con¬
striction area (see above). The ribs are partially syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and are
oblique to the coiling axis. There are 4 ribs per 0.5
mm. Spiral striae are very delicate and dense. The
aperture is tilted about 15° to the coiling axis and
is circular and has entire apertural rim. In apertural
view the position of the aperture is more or less
central below the coiling axis or slightly shifted left.
The peristome is double, very broad and expanding
in lateral view but less strong in certain specimens.
Laterally the peristome consists of numerous dense
lamellae. The parietal margin of the peristome is at¬
tached to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome
forms a continuous polished callus. Both the inner
and outer peristomes are not sinuous or slightly
sinuous on the palatal margins. The columella is
shiny, provided with a flat and long median knob
which is directed backwards. The operculum is de¬
rivative, moderately high, consists of several layers
of concentric ridges and with a broad, spatula-like
median “handler” on the inner surface.
Ecology: This species found in primary lowland
rainforests on limestone in leaf litter on the under¬
sides of fallen leaves. Reported from altitudes up
to 450 m.
Distribution: New Guinea: Onin Peninsula. Re¬
cord from Aru Islands (Vermeulen 1996c) is based
on misidentified specimen of Palaina vermeuleni
sp. nov. (see description of this species below).
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from type series sampled over
100 years ago from single locality and from a small
recently sampled material. Not enough data avail¬
able to calculate current EOO. The current AOO is
4 km^ but the maximum AOO is likely much higher.
The population size and trend are unknown. Onin
Peninsula is still very pristine and only coastal ar¬
eas are affected by development. Additional re¬
search is required on distribution, population size
and trend and threats to be highlighted.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Palaina (s. I.) erythropeplos van Benthem Jutting,
1958 (Plate 36 figs 28-30, nnap 16)
Holotype NMNL: Indonesia, Papua, Misool, Fakal, 0-75
m Lieftinck, M.A. 1948.10.07 [printed].
References: van Benthenn Jutting (1958a: 295,
314); van Benthenn Jutting (1963: 703).
Measurennents: Holotype H = 3.7 nnnn, D = 2.5
nnnn, HW = 2.4 nnnn, PD = 1.3 nnnn. Selected para-
typic specinnens (according to the original descrip¬
tion): H = 4 mm, D = 2.5 mm, PD = 1.3 mm; H = 3.8
mm, D = 2.6 mm, PD = 1.4 mm; H = 3.6 mm, D =
2.4 mm, PD = 1.1 mm.
Description: Shell is large, thin, pink or yellow¬
ish, sinistral, cylindrical, with flattened apex. Shell
with 5V4-5V2 strongly convex whorls, the 2 embry¬
onic whorls are microscopically pitted. The suture is
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is wider than
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The proto¬
conch is placed oblique on the rest of the shell. The
umbilicus is narrowly open in adult. The constric¬
tion is not delimited on shell wall. The teleoconch
is sculptured with coarse dense straight ribs. There
are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The
ribs are not synchronized with those of the previ¬
ous whorls. The ribs range from straight to slightly
oblique to the coiling axis, except the ultimate whorl
which has oblique ribs. There are 9 ribs per 1 mm.
Spiral striae are very delicate. The aperture is not
or slightly tilted against the coiling axis, is circular
and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more
or less centered below the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome
is double, thick and consists of several strong la¬
mellae in lateral view. Peristomal margins are not
sinuous. No specimens were available to study the
internal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Misool Island is covered by
lowland rainforests on limestone soils at locus typi-
cus of this species.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO and
AGO. The maximum EGO estimated below 2000
km^ taking into account the area of Misool Island
and available habitat. The maximum AGO estimated
below 500 km^. The population size and trend are
unknown, this species was not found since 1948.
Palaina erythropeplos was not uncommon species
in northern part of Misool according to its original
description. This species was reported from three
localities in rainforests on limestone soils. Threats
for this species are unknown. Misool Island is still
very pristine and covered by primary rainforests for
over 75%. However, human population is growing
and local development is ongoing especially be¬
cause of establishing new administrative division
on Misool (in order to attract funding). Hitherto no
large scale deforestation recorded on Misool, but
some areas (for example near Lilinta vill. in the SE)
suffered from illegal logging over a decade ago.
Further basic research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) extremita sp. nov. (Fig. 56, plate 37
figs 22-28, map 26)
http://zoobank.org/6508CE47-6803-4DE0-89A9-
33D64D7CCB61
Holotype UF (No 508073): UF 306120 Diplommatini-
dae 35 specinnen(s) Palaina sp. 1 Papua New Guinea,
Milne Bay Province waterfall on Upalai Creek, 3 km
WNW of Watunoa rainforest 60 meters 10° 19.645’ S
150°34.608’ E Slapcinsky, J. D. 27-February-2003
JS-0615 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
[printed] / Palaina sp 1 [handwritten] / 615 [handwrit¬
ten ] / 306120 [printed].
Pa retypes 36 specimens: 23 adults, 1 subadult & 1
Juv. UF, 4 adults KGC: same labels as holotype; 4 adults
UF: UF 299815 Diplommatinidae 4 specimen(s) Palaina
sp. 1 Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province waterfall
on Upalai Creek, 3 km WNW of Watunoa rainforest,
in leaf litter and under logs 60 meters 10° 19.645’ S
150°34.608’ E Slapcinsky, J. D. 04-April-2002 JS-0497a
dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY [printed] /
497 [handwritten ] / 299815 [printed]; 3 adults UF: UF
299817 Diplommatinidae 3 specimen(s) Paiaina sp. 1
Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province Watiho Moun¬
tain, W of Naura rainforest, in leaf litter and on ground
345 meters 10° 17.121’ S 150° 10.933’ E Slapcinsky, J.
D. 06-May-2002 JS-0517 drowned in water >75% etha¬
nol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY [printed] /
517 [handwritten].
Derivatio nominis: This species is named from
Latin “extremum” [last, end, final], because it in¬
habits easternmost part of the Papuan Peninsula
of New Guinea.
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.2 mm, D = 1.65
mm, HW = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.4 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 3.6 mm, D = 1.8 mm, HW =
1.75 mm, PD = 1.5 mm; H = 3.5 mm, D = 1.7 mm,
HW = 1.75 mm, PD = 1.5 mm; H = 3.35 mm, D =
1.8 mm, HW = 1.65 mm, PD = 1.4 mm; H = 3.3
mm, D = 1.6 mm, HW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.4 mm.
Description: Shell is large, white to pale yellow,
sinistral, narrow and high conical with convex apex.
Shell with 6 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl
is smooth or finely pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is as wide as or slightly
wider than the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
224
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
The constriction is poorly defined by a short and
shallow impression and a short zone of denser
placed axial ribs. The constriction situated on same
axis with the columellar side of the aperture. The
teleoconch is sculptured with rather coarse widely-
spaced (or very widely-spaced on early whorls and
on last half whorl) straight axial ribs. The ribs be¬
coming denser on the penultimate whorl but not
abruptly. The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls. The ribs range from straight
to slightly oblique to the coiling axis. There are
about 12-13 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae are very
delicate and dense. The aperture is not tilted to the
coiling axis and is circular, apertural rim is entire or
discontinued parietally (Plate 37 fig. 28). The aper¬
ture is more or less centered below the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The parietal margin of the
peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The
peristome is double (this character is not conspicu¬
ous) with a very broad zone of numerous dense la¬
mellae on the ultimate whorl prior to the peristome.
The inner peristome forms a broad continuous or
discontinuous (Plate 37 fig. 28) polished callus.
Peristomal margins are not sinuous. The columella
is smooth, glass-like and semitransparent, provid¬
ed with a very large median knob which is directed
backwards. The operculum is primitive - circular,
medially transparent, with somewhat thickened pe¬
riphery and thin median part.
Ecology: Specimens were sampled from leaf litter
and under decaying wood in lowland rainforest on
limestone. Reported from 60 to 345 m altitudes.
Distribution: East of the Papuan Peninsula: Milne
Province.
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO.
The maximum ECO estimated below 10000 km^
taking into account geographical peculiarities of
eastern New Guinea and available habitat. The cur¬
rent AGO is 8 km^. The maximum AGO is estimated
below the threshold of 500 km^. The population
size and trend are unknown, but this species is not
uncommon. Habitat loss and alteration considered
the main threats as a result of settlements’ expan¬
sion and gardening, but the real affect on the popu¬
lation is unknown. It is very unlikely there will be
strong decline on the EGO or AGO of this species
within next 10 years. Further basic research is re¬
quired.
Palaina (s. I.) flavocylindrica sp. nov. (Figs 57 &
121, plate 37 figs 29-37, map 22)
httD://zoobank.org/578CE064-lE36-4790-9B07-
0C89CD41A212
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, West Papua, S Bird’s
Neck, Kaimana 2-4 km NE, 3°39’26”S, 133°46’21”E,
150-200 m, 19-20.IX.2010, primary lowland rainforest
on limestone, leg. K.Greke.
Pa retypes 12 adults KGC & 10 adults NME: same
label as holotype; 26 adults KGC, 10 adults NME & 1
LKCNHM: INDONESIA E, West Papua, S Bird’s Neck, Kai¬
mana 47 km E, Triton bay, Kamaka (former Warika) vill.
env.. Lake Kamakawalar and surroundings, 3°46’22”S,
134°12’02”E, 60-310 m, 08.IX.2010, primary lowland
rainforest, leg. K.Greke [one adult is badly broken].
Derivatio nominis: This species is named from
the combination of the Latin “flavus” [yellow] and
“cylindrus” [cylinder], because of cylindrical yellow¬
ish coloured shell.
Measurements: Holotype H = 1.55 mm, D = 0.8
mm, HW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.6 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens from Kaimana: H = 1.5 mm, D =
0.8 mm, HW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.6 mm; H = 1.4 mm,
D = 0.75 mm, HW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.6 mm. Se¬
lected paratypic specimens from Warika vill. env.: H
= 1.7 mm, D = 0.8 mm, HW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.65
mm; H = 1.6 mm, D = 0.8 mm, HW = 0.85 mm, PD
= 0.65 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, yellowish with
yellow body, sinistral, cylindrical with flattened
apex. Shell with 5 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic
whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply
impressed. The protoconch is placed somewhat
obliquely to the rest of the shell. The ultimate whorl
is strongly constricted, as wide as the penultimate
whorl in apertural view but distinctly narrower than
it in basal view. The umbilicus is closed in adult.
The constriction is poorly defined on shell wall, the
suture is somewhat impressed above the constric¬
tion and axial ribs becoming stronger sinuous here.
The constriction situated on same axis with the
columellar side of the aperture. The teleoconch is
sculptured with delicate dense straight ribs. There
are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The
ribs are not synchronized with those of the previ¬
ous whorls and are oblique with regard to the coil¬
ing axis. There are about 16-18 ribs per 0.5 mm.
The ribs becoming coarse and 2-3x more distant
on the last half whorl. Spiral striae not visible at
80x magnification but are very delicate and dense
at 300x (there are 9-10 rows of spiral striae per 30
pm measured above the aperture). The aperture is
not tilted against the coiling axis, is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The parietal margin of the peristome is at¬
tached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is dis¬
tinctly double, thick and consists of several dense
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
lannellae in lateral view. The inner peristonne fornns
a continuous polished callus. The outer peristonne
is broadly discontinued parietally. The colunnellar
nnargin of the outer peristonne is slightly sinuous. In
specinnens fronn Warika vill. the palatal nnargins of
both peristonnes are slightly sinuous. The colunnella
is shiny. The operculunn is derivative - in a fornn of
a flying disc, with slightly raised nnargin and without
concentric ridges.
Differential diagnosis: This regularly cylindri¬
cal species with flattened apex is peculiar due to
the lacking of spiral striae which is only visible (very
delicate and dense) at 300x nnagnification and the
peristonne provided with several lannellae between
the inner and outer peristonnes (in lateral view).
Ecology: This species occurs in prinnary lowland
rainforests on linnestone soils at altitude 150-200
nn. Specinnens observed in wet leaf litter, under de¬
caying wood and on linnestone outcrops.
Distribution: New Guinea: southern part of Bird’s
Neck Isthnnus.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO. The
nnaxinnunn ECO for this species estinnated 19000
knn^ taking into account the area of Bird’s Neck
Isthnnus of New Guinea and available habitat. The
current AGO is 8 knn^, the nnaxinnunn AGO estinnat¬
ed between 500-2000 knn^ considering available
habitat, soil types and biogeographical peculiari¬
ties of Bird’s Neck. The population size and trend
are unknown, but this species is very abundant in
suitable habitat. Habitat loss and alteration are the
nnain threats. There are two locations. Coastal ar¬
eas of southern Bird’s Neck are being converted
into gardens, settlennents and gardens are expand¬
ing but steep anticlines are still covered by prinnary
forest. One locality is near Kainnana city and can
be affected by snnall-scale logging activities and
linnestone extraction. The forested part of the maxi-
nnunn ECO is quite stable. I can’t project significant
decline in ECO or AGO for this species in next 10
years. Additional research is required on distribu¬
tion, population size and trend for this species. A
nature conservation area should be established in
order to protect Bird’s Neck’s fauna.
Palaina (s. I.) floridensis Solem, 1960 (Plate 38
figs 10-12, map 11)
Holotype UMMZ: Palaina floridensis Solenn FLW 18,
behind Halvao, Florida Id., R.E. Kuntz! 1944 Solonnon
Is. HOLOTYPE UMMZ 181756 [handwritten] / 181756
Holotype [text red] Diplonnnnatinidae Palaina floridensis
Solenn, 1960 Solonnon Islands; Central; Florida Islands:
Halavo Kuntz, R. E., 1944: Dry; 1 University of Michigan
Museum of Zoology Mollusk Division [printed, red bor¬
der].
Pa retypes 4 adults FMNH: 55208 [printed] / 55208
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY MOLLUSCA:
DIPLOMMATINIDAE 4 dry spec. Paratype(s): Palaina
floridensis Solem, 1960 Sta. RK-55208, Solomon Is¬
lands, Florida Island, Halavo, FLW 18 22 Oct 1944,
R. Kutz! Ex University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
[printed].
References: Solem (1960: 50, pi. 6 fig. 2).
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.2 mm, D = 1.3
mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 1 mm.
Description: Shell is small, yellowish to pale
brown, sinistral, broadly conical with flattened
apex. Shell with 5V4-5% convex whorls, the IV2 em¬
bryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture
is rather deeply impressed. The penultimate whorl
is somewhat bulbous. The ultimate whorl slightly
constricted, ascending, about as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is not or slightly
defined by a shallow impression. The constriction is
more or less centered in apertural view. The teleo-
conch is sculptured with coarse dense straight ribs.
The ribs becoming coarser and higher but not more
distant on the last half whorl. There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and
are oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 15
ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae are delicate and widely-
spaced. The aperture is not tilted against the coil-
ingaxis, is circular and has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is more or less centered below the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The peristome is
simple. The ultimate whorl with a broad zone of nu¬
merous dense lamellae prior to the peristome. The
peristome forms a very broad continuous polished
callus which expands and covers more than half of
the ultimate whorl. The parietal margin of the peri¬
stome is not fully attached to the ultimate whorl.
The margins of the peristome are not sinuous. No
specimens were available to study the internal la¬
mellae. According to the original description, an
inconspicuous columellar callus should be present
but was not indicated in studied specimens. The
operculum is derivative - in a form of a flying disc,
with raised margin, without concentric ridges.
Ecology: Specimens found in rainforest leaf litter.
Distribution: Solomon Islands: Nggela (= Florida)
Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from the type series sampled over
70 years ago from single locality. This species has
not been collected again. Not enough data available
226
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
to calculate current EOO and AGO. The population
size and trend are unknown. Additional research is
required in order to uncover species’ status in the
wild, clarify its distribution, population size, trend,
as well as highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) gardneri Dell, 1955 (Plate 38 figs
1-9, maps 11 & 19)
= Palaina delli Clench, 1965 syn. nov. (Plate
38 figs 4-7)
Holotype MONZ: Mono Island, ridge above Seveke
River.
Holotype P. delli MCZ: Holotype Palaina delli Clench
V2 mile above the 7^^ Day Adventist Mission Station - W.
Side of Lunga River, Guadalcanal, Solomon Ids 258017
[handwritten] / Hole [handwritten] Type, [printed, la¬
bel red, glued on the right upper corner of the next la¬
bel] / Mus.Comp.Zool., Cambridge, Mass. No. [printed]
258017 Palaina delli Clench V2 mi. above the 7^^ Day
Adventist Mission Station, W. Side of Lunga River, Gua¬
dalcanal, Solomon Ids. Rec: James R. Hood, 1949! “ W.
Clench 1/65 Acc 579 [handwritten].
Pa retypes P delli 5 adults MCZ: same label as holo¬
type.
New synonymy: It is obviously Clench (1965)
overlooked description of Palaina gardneri pub¬
lished ten years earlier by Dell (1955), because
Clench compared his P. delli with non-similar P bra-
zieri (Cox, 1870) instead of conchologically identi¬
cal P gardneri.
References: Dell (1955: 423, 424); Clench
(1965: 6, pi. 2 fig. 5), description of P delli.
Measurements: Holotype Palaina delli: H = 4.3
mm, D = 2.5 mm, HW = 2 mm, PD = 1.7 mm. Para-
type Palaina delli: H = 5.2 mm, D = 2.8 mm, HW =
2.4 mm, PD = 2.1 mm. Holotype Palaina gardneri:
H = 4.6 mm.
Description: Shell is large, brown to pale brown,
dextral, narrowly conical with flattened apex. Shell
with 6V2 rather flattened whorls, the IV2 embryonic
whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is deep¬
ly impressed. The ultimate whorl ascending, it is
about as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constric¬
tion is poorly defined by a short zone of denser and
stronger sinuous axial ribs. The constriction is more
or less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch
is sculptured with delicate irregularly dense, slightly
sinuous ribs. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are oblique to the
coiling axis. There are about 9-11 ribs per 1 mm.
The ribs becoming very widely-spaced on the last
half whorl. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is
not tilted against the coiling axis, is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is shifted right
against the coiling axis in apertural view. The peri¬
stome is double, thick and consists of numerous
dense lamellae in lateral view. The parietal margin
of the peristome is not fully attached to the ultimate
whorl. The palatal margins of both peristomes are
sinuous in certain specimens. The inner peristome
forms a broad continuous polished callus. No spec¬
imens were available to study the internal lamellae.
The operculum is derivative, with concentric ridges
on the outer surface.
Ecology: This species inhabits rainforest leaf litter.
Distribution: Solomon Islands: Mono Island, Gua¬
dalcanal Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOC and
AOC. The maximum EOC for this species estimated
about 35000 km^ taking into account its potential
distribution area on the Solomon Islands and avail¬
able habitat. This species is known from the type
series sampled about 50-70 years ago from two
distant localities and has not been collected again.
The population size and trend are unknown for P.
gardneri. Threats for this species are unknown. Fur¬
ther research is required to uncover species’ status
in the wild, calculate its population size, trend and
highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) glabella van Benthem Jutting, 1963
(Plate 37 figs 38-40, map 26)
Holotype NMNL: Papua, Biak, humus, Hollander A.
dec.1952.
References: van Benthem Jutting (1963: 709, pi.
30 fig. 31).
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.8 mm, D = 1.7
mm, HW = 2.4 mm, PD = 1.6 mm.
Description: Shell is small, creamy, sinistral,
obese with flattened apex. Shell with 6 convex
whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically
pitted. The suture is deeply impressed. The ulti¬
mate whorl is constricted, slightly wider than the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus
is closed of very narrowly open in adult. The con¬
striction is defined by a short zone of denser placed
axial ribs and suture impressed above the constric¬
tion. The constriction is more or less centered in
apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse widely-spaced straight ribs. There are no
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are
partially synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are slightly oblique to the coiling axis.
There are 6 ribs per 1 mm. The ribs becoming more
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
widely-spaced on the last half whorl. Spiral striae
are very delicate and dense on all the teleoconch
whorls. The aperture is not tilted to the coiling axis
and is circular and has entire apertural rinn. The
aperture is nnore or less centered below the pen-
ultinnate whorl in apertural view. The peristonne is
double, the outer peristonne is discontinued pari-
etally. The parietal nnargin of the peristonne is at¬
tached to the ultinnate whorl. The palatal nnargin of
the outer peristonne is sinuous. No specinnens were
available to study the internal lannellae. Operculunn
is unknown.
Ecology: Specinnens found in soil.
Distribution: Cenderawasih Bay: Biak Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO and
AGO. The nnaxinnunn EDO for this species estinnated
7800 knn^ taking into account the area of Biak, Su-
piori, Nunnfoor and adjacent islets. The nnaxinnunn
AGO estinnated below the threshold of 500 knn^.
This species is known fronn a series of specinnens
sannpled about 70 years ago fronn three close-
situated localities. This species has not been col¬
lected again. Biak is widely known by high propor¬
tion of endennic nnolluscs (e.g. van Benthenn Jutting
1963). The population size and trend are unknown.
Threats for this species are unknown. Habitat loss
and alteration are significant threats but cannot be
validated due to lack of recent nnaterial. Further ba¬
sic research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) granulum I. et B. Rensch, 1929
(Plate 38 figs 13-16, nnap 28)
Lectotype MHUB [herewith designated]: Zoolog. Mu-
seunn Berlin [printed] 90945 Palaina granulunn l.+B.
Rensch * Neu-Ponnnnern Weite Bucht Karlei Ig. P. Schnei¬
der [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museunn Berlin. Typus von:
[printed] Palaina granulunn I. + B. Rensch Zool. Anz. 80,
1929, p. 86, Abb. 7 [handwritten] [label red].
Paralectotypes 3 adults MHUB [herewith designat¬
ed]: sanne labels as lectotype [all para lectotype shells
are broken].
Lectotype designation: One of syntypic speci¬
mens from „Weite Bucht" selected as lectotype.
References: Rensch I. & B. (1929: 86); Rensch I.
(1937: 604).
Measurements: Lectotype H = 2.1 mm, D = 1.15
mm, HW = 1.25 mm, PD = 1.1 mm. Selected para¬
lectotypes (measurements are identical) H = 2.1
mm, D = 1.2 mm. According to Rensch I. (1937),
some specimens of P. granulum grow up to H = 2.6
mm, D = 1.4 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish to brown¬
ish, sinistral, cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell
with 6V4 convex whorls, the 1% embryonic whorl
is microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is poorly defined
by a short and shallow impression. The constric¬
tion is more or less centered in apertural view. The
teleoconch is sculptured with coarse straight ribs;
the ribs are denser on early whorls, widely-spaced
on younger whorls. There are no abrupt changes in
the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls. The ribs range
from straight to slightly oblique to the coiling axis.
There are about 17-18 ribs per 1 mm. The ribs be¬
coming more widely-spaced on the last half whorl.
Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is not tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap¬
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
peristome is double, thick in lateral view and con¬
sists of several dense lamellae. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
Peristomal margins are not sinuous. The inner peri¬
stome forms a continuous polished callus. The out¬
er peristome expands beyond the inner one except
on the parietal side. The basal margin of the outer
peristome is slightly reflexed. No specimens were
available to study the internal lamellae. Operculum
is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. New Britain Island was initially
covered by primary lowland to mid montane rain¬
forests.
Distribution: Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain
Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EGO and
AGO. The maximum EGO for this species estimated
145000 km^ taking into account the area of New
Britain, New Ireland and adjacent islets. This spe¬
cies is known from specimens sampled about 100
years ago from two localities and has not been col¬
lected again. The population size and trend for P.
granulum are unknown, however Rensch I. (1937)
stated that this species was found in large number.
Threats for this species are unknown. Further basic
research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) hartmanni sp. nov. (Figs 58, 122-
123, plate 38 figs 17-22, map 21)
httD://zoobank.org/F245E03C-3188-4997-AD92-
85E553DB4B7A
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Is¬
land, Waisai 3 km W, 00°26’04”S, 130°47’41”E, 40-
50 m, 17.11.2012, secondary lowland rainforest on lime-
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
stone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 49 adults: 9 NME & 13 KGC: same label
as holotype; 11 adults NME & 16 adults KGC: INDONE¬
SIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Island, Waisai 4,5 km SW,
Waiwo dive resort, 00°26’07”S, 130°46’45”E, 10-15
m, 21.11.2012, primary lowland rainforest on limestone,
leg. D.Telnov [one adult is badly broken].
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. This species is
manned after well-known Hinnalaya biodiversity re¬
searcher, coleopterist, director of the Naturkunde-
museunn Erfurt and nny good friend Matthias Hart-
nnann.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 1.75 nnnn, D = 1
mm, HW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.8 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 1.8 mm, D = 1 mm, HW = 0.8
mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 1.7 mm, D = 1 mm, HW =
0.85 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 1.7 mm, D = 1.05 mm,
HW= 0.95 mm, PD = 0.75 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, whitish, yellowish
or creamy coloured, sinistral, cylindrical with flat¬
tened apex. Shell with 5V2 convex whorls, the IV4
embryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The su¬
ture is deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is con¬
stricted, about as wide as the penultimate whorl in
apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction defined by reduction of axial ribs (the
ribs are absent or very low at this area) and by pres¬
ence of a flat cavity-like impression on the suture
above the constriction. The constriction is more
or less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch
is sculptured with coarse rather dense straight or
slightly sinuous ribs. There are abrupt changes in
the ribbing pattern - the ribs becoming 3-4x more
distant and stronger on tuba. The ribs are not syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and are
oblique to the coiling axis. There are 9 ribs per 0.5
mm. Spiral striae are very delicate and dense. The
aperture is not tilted to the coiling axis and is cir¬
cular and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is
more or less centered below the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The peristome is double, consists
of several strong lamellae in lateral view. The pari¬
etal margin of the peristome is attached to the ul¬
timate whorl. The inner peristome forms a continu¬
ous polished callus. The outer peristome is broadly
discontinued parietally. The palatal margins of both
peristomes are sinuous. In fully grown specimens
the median part of the palatal margin of the outer
peristome is reflexed. The columella is smooth and
thin. The operculum is derivative - in a form of a fly¬
ing disc with slightly raised margin.
Differential diagnosis: This species is distinc¬
tive due to very distant axial ribs of the last half
whorl. Similar Palaina sparselamellata sp. nov.
(Waigeo Island; see description of this species be¬
low) differs in all the teleoconch whorls covered
with very widely-spaced ribs and in operculum pro¬
vided with a ridge and generally slightly larger shell
size than in P. hartmanni sp. nov.
Phylogeny: According to results of COI analysis
this species represents a separate clade together
with another Waigeo species P. megalostoma sp.
nov.
Ecology: Specimens found in secondary lowland
rainforest at altitudes 40-50 m about 150 m from
the seashore, in thick stratum of leaf litter accu¬
mulated at buttress roots of large trees and near
limestone outcrops in very wet places.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo Island.
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. This
species inhabits western peninsula of Waigeo, it is
hitherto recorded from single locality in southern
part of it. Not enough data available to calculate
current ECO. The maximum ECO estimated under
5000 km^ (the area of Waigeo and adjacent islets
considering available habitat). The current AGO is
8 km^, but the maximum AGO estimated up to 500
km^ considering available habitat. The population
size is unknown, but P. hartmanni sp. nov. is rather
abundant. This species is connected with wet rain¬
forest litter. The main threats for this species is
Habitat loss and alteration due to conversion of the
rainforests into gardens, road construction, timber
collecting and small-scale logging resulting in habi¬
tat alteration, causing fragmentation and decline
in AGO. Growing human population of southern
Waigeo and increasing tourism in this area (both
national and international) demand more gardens,
infrastructure and tourism resorts. Waigeo got a
regency capital of Raja Ampat administrative prov¬
ince some years ago. This resulted in boosting de¬
velopment, investments into provincial airport and
Waisai, the regency capital. Waigeo is initially rich
in limestone rocks and limestone is widely used for
roads and buildings construction. Growing popula¬
tion (partly a resultof immigration from other islands
of Indonesia) requires more firewood and charcoal.
Illegal logging is rare but is a reality to count with.
Aforementioned factors resulted in decline of pri¬
mary lowland rainforests, especially in SW Waigeo.
This trend is observed, estimated and likely to con¬
tinue. Between 2001-2014 south-western Waigeo
lost Just about 1100 ha of rainforest (calculated for
canopy density over 25% according to the Global
Forest Watch (2016)), but almost exactly in the
area where P. hartmanni sp. nov. occurs. This spe¬
cies was observed in a disturbed forest with closed
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
canopy (wet litter is the key). Additional research is
required to clarify distribution and highlight popula¬
tion trend for P. hartmanni sp. nov. It is innportant
to clarify is this species distributed all over Waigeo
Island or is linnited to southern part of it.
Palaina (s. I.) iha sp. nov. (Figs 60, 100, 106 &
124, plate 38 figs 23-25, nnap 24)
http://zoobank.org/AA450A84-B6A4-43F0-9709-
4BE3695A6672
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, West Papua, Onin Pen¬
insula, Fak-Fak 5-7 km N, 2°53’26”S, 132°18’22”E,
300-400 m, 23.IX.2010, primary lowland rainforest on
limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retype 1 adult KGC: same label as holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: Nanned after Iha, local tribe
and language of western Onin Peninsula, the area
where this species was found. Noun in apposition,
invariable.
Measurennents: Flolotype FI = 1.4 nnnn, D = 0.7
mm, FIW = 0.7 mm, PD = 0.55 mm. Paratype FI =
1.35 mm, D = 0.7 mm, FIW = 0.7 mm, PD = 0.5
mm.
Description: Shell is very small, white, sinistral,
cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell with 5V2 convex
whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically
pitted. The suture is rather deeply impressed. The
ultimate whorl is constricted, nearly as wide as the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus
is closed in adult. The constriction is delimited by a
short zone free of axial ribs and suture impressed
above the constriction. The constriction is more or
less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is
sculptured with rather widely-spaced straight (in
paratype) or sinuous (in holotype) ribs. The ribs
becoming about twice more distant on tuba. There
are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern ex¬
cept the short discontinuation at the constriction
place (see above). The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique
to the coiling axis. There are about 14-16 ribs per
0.5 mm. Spiral striae are distinct, very delicate and
dense (there are 8-9 rows of spiral striae per 30
pm measured above the aperture). The aperture is
not tilted against the coiling axis, is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is distinctly double. Few incon¬
spicuous flat lamellae present between the inner
and the outer peristomes. The outer peristome is
stronger developed than the inner one. The pa¬
rietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The margins of the peristome are
not sinuous. The inner peristome forms a continu¬
ous polished callus. The outer peristome is broadly
discontinued parietally. The columella is glass-like
semitransparent. The operculum is primitive, circu¬
lar without concentric lines of ridges.
Differential diagnosis: This species is similar
to several minute Papuan Palaina. Its specific char¬
acters are discussed in table 13.
Ecology: This species occurs in primary lowland
rainforests.
Distribution: New Guinea: Onin Peninsula.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOO.
The current AOO is 4 km^ but likely is much higher.
Palaina Iha sp. nov. is known from two specimens
collected at one locality in primary lowland rainfor¬
est. Threats for this species cannot be identified.
Onin Peninsula is still very pristine and covered by
primary rainforests for over 75%. Further research
is required on distribution of this species as well as
on population size and threats.
Table 13. Papuan species of Palaina s. I. sinnilar to P. iha sp. nov. and their distinctive characters.
230
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Palaina (s. I.) imperfecta sp. nov. (Fig. 61, plate 47
figs 14-16, nnap 20)
httD://zoobank.org/A9ClB5Al-F821-40C5-A3CB-
ED56DDF479D8
Holotype LKCNHM: Indonesia: West Papua [sic!],
Waigeo, Lopintol, Gua Kalepale, Leg. T. Whitten, Jan
2013.
Derivatio nonninis: Nanned fronn Latin “innperfec-
tus” [not perfect, not finished] since this species is
snnall and was only represented with a single speci-
nnen for this study.
Measurennents: Flolotype FI = 1.75 nnnn, D = 1.2
mm, FIW = 1 mm, PD = 0.7 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, yellowish, sinis-
tral, cylindrical with conical apex. Shell with 5V4
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is rather deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is strongly constricted,
ascending; it is as wide as the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult.
The protoconch is placed oblique on the rest of the
shell. The constriction is well defined by deeply im¬
pressed suture above the constriction and by a zone
of twice denser axial ribs. The constriction is more
or less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch
is sculptured with coarse widely-spaced straight
axial ribs. The ribs becoming twice sparser on the
two last whorls. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are oblique to the
coiling axis. There are 9-10 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral
striae are lacking at 80x magnification. The aper¬
ture is not of slightly tilted to the coiling axis and is
ovoid and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is
more or less centered below the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The peristome is triple, thick in
lateral view. The parietal margin of the peristome is
attached to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome
forms a broad continuous polished callus, with two
obtuse ear-like protrudings near the palatal / pari¬
etal and the parietal / columellar junctions. Both
the palatal and columellar margins of the inner
peristome are sinuous. The columella is smooth.
Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is most
closely related with P. laszloi sp. nov. (Wayag Island
NW of Waigeo) and P. wawiyai sp. nov. (Waigeo Is¬
land), but differs primarily in much smaller shell
and in simple columella which is not widened and
not provided with a knob.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo Is¬
land. Co-ordinates of Gua [cave] Kalepale are
00°17’18”S, 130°49’15”E, but no information is
available where exactly this specimen was sam¬
pled.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from single specimen collected
under unknown circumstances and the habitat is
unknown. Not enough data available to calculate
current ECC. The maximum ECC estimated over 65
km^ taking into account the Lopintol vill. and adja¬
cent area of West Waigeo. The current ADD is 4 km^,
the maximum ADD is certainly under 500 km^. The
population size and trend are unknown. Threats for
this species are unknown. Further research is re¬
quired primarily on distribution and habitat require¬
ments of P. imperfecta sp. nov.
Palaina (s. I.) inconspicua van Benthem Jutting,
1963 (Plate 38 figs 29-31, map 27)
Holotype NMNL: Papua, Biak, Zuid-Biak, Owi, Brong-
ersma & Roosdorp, 1952.04.06.
References: van Benthem Jutting (1963: 708, pi.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
29 fig. 30).
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2.7 nnnn, D = 1.7
nnnn, HW = 1.5 nnnn, PD = 1.3 nnnn. Selected para-
typic specinnens (according to the original descrip¬
tion): H = 2.5 nnm, D = 1.5 nnm, PD = 0.9 nnm; H =
2.7 mm, D = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.2 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish to brownish,
sinistral, obese with flattened apex. Shell with 5
strongly convex whorls, the 1 embryonic whorl is
microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted and
slightly ascending; it is about as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is poorly defined
by a broad shallow impression. The constriction is
more or less centered in apertural view. The teleo-
conch is sculptured with coarse dense straight ribs.
There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern.
The ribs are partially synchronized with those of the
previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis.
There are about 13-14 ribs per 1 mm. The ribs be¬
coming more widely-spaced on the last half whorl.
Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is not tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap¬
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
peristome is double, very thick and consists of nu¬
merous dense lamellae in lateral view. The parietal
margin of the peristome is completely attached
to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms
a very broad continuous polished callus which ex¬
pands and covers about a half of the ultimate whorl
in apertural view. Peristomal margins are not sinu¬
ous. No specimens were available to study the in¬
ternal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Cenderawasih Bay: Owi Island. Pos¬
sibly extant also on Biak Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO
and AGO. The maximum EGO estimated 7800
km^ taking into account the area of Owi, Biak, Su-
piori, Numfoor and adjacent islets. The maximum
AGO estimated less than 500 km^. This species is
known from a series of specimens sampled about
70 years ago from single locality. Cenderawasih Bay
islands are widely known by high proportion of en¬
demic molluscs (e.g. van Benthem Jutting 1963).
No information is available on the population size
and trend. Threats for this species are unknown.
Habitat loss and alteration considered important
threats but cannot be validated, because of lack of
data. Further basic research activities are required.
Palaina (s. I.) insulana sp. nov. (Figs 62, 125-126,
plate 38 figs 26-28, map 17)
httD://zoobank.org/lF2BD7C6-E21B-47D9-BB31-
8E6B2F32D4A6
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Prov. Raja Am pat, distr.
Misool Barat, Lilinta (Lelintah) vill. ~16 km S, Polee (Yf-
polee) Island, 02°ir56”S, 130°16’19”E, 02.IV.2009,
primary lowland rainforest, leg. K.Greke.
Pa retypes 2 adults & ljuv. KGC: same label as holo¬
type [one adult is badly broken].
Derivatio nominis: This species was found on a
small Polee islet and therefore is named from Latin
‘insula’ [island].
Measurements: Holotype H = 1.95 mm, D = 1
mm, HW = 1.05 mm, PD = 0.8 mm. Selected para-
typic specimen: H = 1.8 mm, D = 0.95 mm, HW = 1
mm, PD = 0.7 mm.
Description: Shell is very small to small, white,
sinistral, high cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell
with 6 convex whorls, the 2 embryonic whorls are
microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted, about
as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is
poorly defined by a sutural impression above the
constriction. The constriction situated on same
axis with the columellar side of the aperture. Te-
leoconch sculpture on the first 3-4 whorls consists
of delicate dense straight ribs. The ribs becoming
much coarser and twice more distant on two last
whorls. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling
axis. There are about 8-9 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral
striae are lacking at 80x magnification. The aper¬
ture is not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular
and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more
or less centered below the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The peristome is distinctly triple, thick
in lateral view and consists of two large and sev¬
eral delicate lamellae. The parietal margin of the
peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The
outer peristome is broadly discontinued parietally.
The palatal margin of the outer peristome is slightly
sinuous. The columella is shiny and straight. Gper-
culum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Most closely related
with Palaina minuscularia sp. nov. (Misool Island;
see description and differential diagnose of this
species below). Also conchologically similar with P.
beilanensis Preston, 1913 (North Moluccas) from
P. insulana sp. nov. differs primarily in laterally
thicker peristome (in P. beilanensis the peristome
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
is less thick in lateral view), sparser axial ribs on the
penultinnate and the ultinnate whorls and shell less
than twice higher than wide (shell is twice higher
than wide in P. beilanensis).
Ecology: This species occurs in prinnary lowland
rainforests on linnestone rocks. Specinnens ob¬
served in wet leaf litter accunnulated in cavities of
linnestone fornnations, about 20 nn fronn the sea
shore.
Distribution: Raja Annpat Islands: Polee (= Pelee,
Yfpolee) Island south of Misool.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO. The
nnaxinnunn EDO estinnated below 2000 knn^ taking
into account the area of Misool Island and adjacent
islets. The current AGO is 4 knn^. The nnaxinnunn AGO
is likely higher. The population size and trend are
unknown. Palaina insulana sp. nov. is not an abun¬
dant species even at its type locality. This species
is currently known fronn single locality and inhabits
old-growth lowland rainforests on linnestone rock
fornnations. No nnajor threats have been identified
for this species. Polee Island is very snnall (about
1500 ha) and partly consists of pure linnestone
rocks with no forest on thenn; it is uninhabited and
only rarely visited by fishernnen and turtle eggs col¬
lectors fronn S Misool. The islet is very pristine and
covered by prinnary rainforests. Further research is
required on distribution of P insulana sp. nov. as
well as on population size, trend and threats.
Palaina (s. I.) laszloi sp. nov. (Fig. 63, plate 39 figs
1-4, nnap 20)
httD://zoobank.org/884177Fl-754E-43C3-BDB2-
7C728D2021EE
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat Prov., Wayag
Island, along the southern coast, 31.X.2011, leaf debris
in forest at the foot of limestone cliff, leg. L. Wagner.
Pa retype 1 KGC: same label as holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. This species de¬
voted to Laszio Wagner (Budapest, Hungary; http://
www.east-indonesia.info). nny friend and fannous In¬
donesia explorer who first collected this species.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2.3 nnnn, D = 1.4
nnnn, HW = 1.15 nnnn, PD = 1 nnnn. Paratypic speci-
nnen: H = 2.1 nnnn, D = 1.3 nnnn, HW = 1.1 nnnn, PD
= 1 nnnn.
Description: Shell is snnall, yellow, sinistral,
broadly fusifornn with conical apex. Shell with 5%-
5V4 convex whorls, the IV2-IV4 ennbryonic whorl
is nnicroscopically pitted. The suture is deeply inn-
pressed. The ultinnate whorl is strongly constricted,
ascending, nearly as wide as the penultinnate whorl
in apertural view. The unnbilicus is closed in adult.
The protoconch is placed oblique on the rest of the
shell. The constriction is well defined by a short
zone of less coarse (low) axial ribs and sutural inn-
pression above the constriction. The constriction
is nnore or less centered in apertural view. The te-
leoconch is sculptured with coarse, widely-spaced,
straight axial ribs. The ribs beconningstronger (nnore
high) and lannella-like on the suture. There are no
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs
are partly synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are
9-10 ribs per 1 nnnn. Spiral striae are lacking at 80x
nnagnification. The aperture is not of slightly tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap¬
ertural rinn. The aperture is nnore or less centered
below the penultinnate whorl in apertural view. The
peristonne is double, very thick in lateral view. There
is a zone of very dense flat lannellae between the
inner and the outer peristonne. The parietal nnargin
of the peristonne is attached to the ultinnate whorl.
The inner peristonne fornns a very broad continu¬
ous polished callus. Two distinct obtuse ear-like
protrudings developed at the palatal / parietal and
the parietal / colunnellar Junctions. Both the palatal
and colunnellar nnargins of the inner peristonne are
strongly sinuous, of the outer peristonne - slightly
sinuous. The outer peristonne is broadly discontin¬
ued parietally. The colunnella is snnooth, provided
with a very large knob in basal half (this knob is
beconning stronger at base of the colunnella). The
operculunn is derivative - circular with a long and
nnedially hollow tube on the outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is distinc¬
tive annong all congeners due to the connbination
of the following characters: the inner peristonne
with two distinct ear-like protrudings (sinnilar like
in Palaina scaveola van Benthenn Jutting, 1958
(Misool Island) and P spa rselamel lata sp. nov.
(Waigeo Island; see description of this species be¬
low), the colunnella is provided with a large nnedi-
an knob. Also very sinnilar with P. wawlyal sp. nov.
(Waigeo Island) - see description and differential
diagnosis of this species below.
Ecology: This species occurs in prinnary lowland
rainforests at base of the karst hills Wayag is so
fannous with.
Distribution: Raja Annpat Islands: Wayag Island.
Gonservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known fronn two specinnens recently col¬
lected on a snnall and rugged linnestone islet cov¬
ered with prinnary sennidry vegetation. Not enough
data available to calculate current EGO. The nnaxi¬
nnunn EGO estinnated about 1850 knn^ taking into
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
account the area of Wayag, adjacent islets and NW
Waigeo. The current AGO is 4 knn^, the nnaxinnunn
AGO is certainly under 500 knn^. Threats are un¬
known as the population size and trend are. Fur¬
ther basic research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) lengguru sp. nov. (Figs 65-66, 101 &
104, plate 39 figs 5-11, nnap 24)
httD://zoobank.org/724DAB2A-23BC-4A2C-A394-
630747635C99
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, West Papua, S Bird’s
Neck, Kainnana 40 knn E, Triton Bay, Lobo vill. & env.,
3°45’33”S, 134°06’H”E, 15-150 m, 11-12.IX.2010,
prinnary rainforest on linnestone, leg. K.Greke.
Pa retypes 59 adults KGC, 20 adults NME, 2 LKCNHM
& 3 SMF: sanne label as holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. This species was
discovered in vast rainforests of Lengguru river val¬
ley and is nanned after this scenic river. Noun in ap¬
position, invariable.
Measurennents: Flolotype FI = 1.35 nnnn, D = 0.75
mm, FIW = 0.75 mm, PD = 0.6 mm. Selected para-
types: FI = 1.4 mm, D = 0.8 mm, FIW = 0.75 mm,
PD = 0.6 mm; FI = 1.35 mm, D = 0.8 mm, FIW = 0.7
mm, PD = 0.6 mm; FI = 1.35 mm, D = 0.75 mm,
FIW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.6 mm; FI = 1.3 mm, D = 0.75
mm, FIW = 0.75 mm, PD = 0.6 mm; FI = 1.3 mm, D
= 0.75 mm, FIW = 0.7 mm, PD = 0.6 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, white with yellow
body, sinistral, cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell
with 4%-5 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl
is microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The penultimate whorl is constricted, as
wide as the ultimate whorl in apertural view. The
umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is well
defined by a short discontinuation in axial ribbing
pattern and presence of sutural impression above
the constriction. The constriction situated on same
axis with the columellar side of the aperture. In
most specimens the protoconch is placed oblique
on the rest of the shell. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with delicate dense slightly sinuous axial ribs.
There are abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern -
the ribs becoming coarser and twice more distant
starting from the constriction. The ribs are not syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and are
oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 13-15
ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are very delicate and
dense. The aperture is not tilted to the coiling axis
and is circular and has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is more or less centered below the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The peristome is
double, thin in lateral view. The outer peristome is
expanding beyond the inner one. The parietal mar¬
gin of the peristome is attached to the ultimate
whorl. Peristomal margins are not sinuous. The in¬
ner peristome forms a continuous polished callus.
The outer peristome is broadly discontinued pari-
etally. The columella is thin and straight, widening
basally towards columellar plate. In certain speci¬
mens the columella is visible at the columellar mar¬
gin of the peristome in a form of an inconspicuous
callus. The operculum is derivative - in a form of a
flying disc, with slightly raised margin and without
concentric ridges.
Differential diagnosis: This species is similar
to several minute Papuan Palaina. Specific charac¬
ters are presented in the table 14.
Ecology: This species occurs in primary lowland
rainforests at altitudes from sea level up to 150 m.
Specimens were observed in wet leaf litter and un¬
der decaying wood at base of limestone outcrops.
Table 14. Papuan species of Palaina s. I. sinnilar to P. lengguru sp. nov. and their distinctive characters.
234
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
P. waigeo sp. nov.
shell generally higher, W = 5V2, axial ribs
denser and slightly oblique to the coiling
axis, the outer peristome is comparatively
stronger expanded, the columella is not
widening basally
shell generally lower, W = 4%-5, axial ribs
more widely-spaced and stronger oblique
to the coiling axis, the outer peristome is
comparatively less strongly expanded, the
columella widening basally
Distribution: New Guinea: southern part of Bird’s
Neck Isthmus.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO.
The maximum ECO for this species is estimated
about 19000 km^ taking into account the area of
Bird’s Neck Isthmus of New Guinea and available
habitat. The current AGO is 8 km^, the maximum
AGO estimated between 500-2000 km^ taking into
account available habitat, soil types and biogeo-
graphical peculiarities of Bird’s Neck. The popula¬
tion size and trend are unknown, but this species
is locally very abundant. Habitat loss and altera¬
tion are the main threats. On southern Bird’s Neck
coastal areas are being converted into gardens
and settlements are slowly expanding, but steep
anticlines are still all covered with primary forest.
The forested part of the maximum ECO is stable.
Continuing decline in extent and quality of habitat
is observed and projected in synclines of Bird’s
Neck but this trend likely will not affect anticlines.
Significant decline in AGO or ECO cannot be pro¬
jected for this species for next 10 years. Additional
research is required on distribution, population size
and trend for P. lengguru sp. nov. Threats for this
species to be clarified. Terrestrial nature conserva¬
tion area should be created in order to protect local
fauna of southern Bird’s Neck.
Palaina (s. I.) leptotoreutos van Benthem Jutting,
1958 (Plate 39 figs 12-14, map 16)
Holotype NMNL: Papua, Misool, Fakal, 0-75 m, M.A.
Lieftinck, 10.07.1948.
References: van Benthem Jutting (1958a: 314);
van Benthem Jutting (1963: 703).
Measurements: Holotype H = 3 mm, D = 1.8
mm, HW = 1.8 mm, PD = 1.4 mm. Selected para-
types (according to the original description) H = 2.5
mm, D = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.2 mm; H = 2.8 mm, D =
1.6 mm, PD = 1.3 mm; H = 3.2 mm, D = 1.6 mm,
PD = 1.5 mm.
Description: Shell is large, yellowish, sinistral, cy¬
lindrical with flattened apex. Shell with 5V2 strongly
convex whorls, the 1% embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is constricted, ascending, as
wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is poorly defined by a short zone of more distant
axial ribs. The constriction situated on same axis
with the columellar side of the aperture. The teleo-
conch is sculptured with coarse dense straight ribs.
The ribs becoming distinctly more widely-spaced on
the ultimate whorl. There are abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern (see above). The ribs are not syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and are
oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 17-18
ribs per 1 mm, but about 10-11 per 1 mm on the
apertural side above the aperture. Spiral striae are
very delicate and dense. The aperture is not tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap¬
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
peristome is double, very thick and consists of nu¬
merous dense lamellae in lateral view. The parietal
margin of the peristome is attached to the ultimate
whorl. The columellar margin of the inner peristome
is sinuous. The inner peristome forms a very broad
continuous polished callus which expands and cov¬
ers about a half of the ultimate whorl in apertural
view. The outer peristome is discontinued pari-
etally. The palatal margin of the outer peristome is
sinuous. No specimens were available to study the
internal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Misool Island is covered by
primary lowland rainforests, mostly on limestone
soils.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO
and AGO. The maximum ECO estimated below
2000 km^ taking into account the area of Misool
and available habitat. The maximum AGO estimat¬
ed much higher but below 500 km^. The population
size and trend are unknown. No recent material is
available on this species. Further research is re¬
quired to clarify status of this species in the wild,
measure the population and highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) liliputana van Benthem Jutting,
1963 (Plate 39 figs 15-17, map 27)
Holotype NMNL: Papua, Biak, A. Hollander, Dec. 1952.
References: van Benthem Jutting (1963: 710,
plate 30 fig. 32).
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.1 mm, D = 1.2
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 1 mm. Selected paratypic
specimens (according to the original description): H
= 2.3 mm, D = 1.2 mm, PD = 1 mm; H = 2.1 mm, D
= 1.2 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, creamy-coloured,
sinistral, obese with conical apex. Shell with 5V4
strongly convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl
is microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted and
slightly ascending, it is about as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is poorly defined
by presence of a broad shallow impression and
a sutural impression above the constriction. The
constriction is more or less centered in apertural
view. The teleoconch is sculptured with fine dense
straight ribs. The ribs becoming slightly more dis¬
tant on the last half whorl, but are inconspicuously
denser at the constriction. There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially
synchronized with those of the previous whorls and
are oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 10
ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are very delicate. The
aperture is not tilted to the coiling axis and is cir¬
cular and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is
more or less centered below the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The peristome is double, very
thick and consists of numerous dense lamellae in
lateral view. The parietal margin of the peristome is
not fully attached to the ultimate whorl. The palatal
margin of the inner peristome is slightly sinuous.
The inner peristome forms a very broad continuous
polished callus which expands and covers up to a
half of the ultimate whorl. The outer peristome is
as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The margins of the outer peristome are not sinu¬
ous. No specimens were available to study the in¬
ternal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Specimens found in soil.
Distribution: Cenderawasih Bay: Biak Island.
Paratypic specimen from Onin Peninsula (Kokas
env.) belongs to hitherto undescribed species
which is different primarily in the parietal margin of
the peristome pressed against the ultimate whorl
(not pressed in P. liliputana), the palatal margin
of the peristome being straight (it is sinuous in P.
liliputana), less thick peristome in left lateral view
and the ultimate whorl being ascending and cover¬
ing less than a half of the ultimate whorl in aper¬
tural view (the ultimate whorl is slightly ascending
in P. liliputana). Single specimen from env. Kokas
is broken and no additional material is available,
therefore this species is not described in this work.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO and
AGO. The maximum EDO for this species estimated
7800 km^ taking into account the area of Biak, Su-
piori, Numfoor and adjacent islets. The maximum
AGO is definitively below the threshold of 500 km^.
This species is known from specimens sampled
about 70 years ago and has not been collected
again. Biak is widely known by high proportion of
endemic molluscs (e.g. van Benthem Jutting 1963).
The population size and trend for P. liliputana is un¬
known. Threats for this species are unknown. Fur¬
ther research is required to uncover present status
of this species in the wild, measure its population
size and highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) louisiade sp. nov. (Fig. 59, plate 39
figs 18-23, map 25)
httD://zoobank.org/13849282-8A0D-4015-AA93-
7BD47D28A95E
Holotype UF (No 342882): UF 342882 Diplommatini-
dae 1 specinnen(s) Palaina [printed] sp3 [handwritten]
Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province Misinna island,
Kaubwaga Prinnary School at Genisia Creek streann, on
linnestone blocks 40 nneters 10.64615° S 152.83793°
E Slapcinsky, J. D. 08-April-04 JS-0703 dry FLORIDA MU¬
SEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY [printed] / 342882 [print¬
ed] / UF 342882 [handwritten].
Pa retypes 2 specinnens UF: 1 subadult: sanne labels
as holotype; 1 adult UF: 340953 Diplonnnnatinidae 2
specinnen(s) [sic! only one specinnen available] Palaina
Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province Misinna island,
Kaubwaga Prinnary School at Genisia Creek streann, on
linnestone blocks 40 nneters 10.64615° S 152.83793°
E Slapcinsky, J. D. 08-April-2004 JS-0703 drowned in
water > 75% ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY [printed] / Palaina 703 [handwritten].
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species
named after Louisiade Islands southeast of New
Guinea where it occurs. Noun in apposition, invari¬
able.
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.4 mm, D = 1.3
mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1 mm. Paratypic speci¬
mens: H = 2.45 mm, D = 1.2 mm, HW = 1.3 mm,
PD = 1 mm; H = 2.2 mm, D = 1.1 mm, HW = 1.2
mm, PD = 0.8 mm [subadult specimen].
Description: Shell is small, white or creamy, sinis¬
tral, cylindrical with conical apex. Shell with 5V2
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is deeply impressed.
The protoconch is placed oblique on the rest of the
shell. The ultimate whorl is constricted, narrower
than the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is very
poorly defined by a shallow impression and a zone
236
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
of denser placed axial ribs. The constriction is more
or less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch
is sculptured with delicate dense straight or slightly
sinuous ribs. There are abrupt changes in the rib¬
bing pattern - the ribs becoming much coarser and
2-2. 5x more distant on tuba. The ribs are partially
synchronized with those of the previous whorls and
are slightly oblique to the coiling axis. There are
about 12-14 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae are lack¬
ing. The aperture is not tilted to the coiling axis and
is circular and has entire apertural rim. The aper¬
ture is slightly shifted left against the coiling axis
in apertural view. The peristome is double, thin in
lateral view. The parietal margin of the peristome is
attached to the ultimate whorl. The palatal margins
of both peristomes are slightly sinuous. The inner
peristome forms a continuous polished callus which
is discontinued parietally. The outer peristome is
broadly discontinued parietally. The columella is
shiny and thin, slightly curved. The operculum is
derivative, circular and transparent, with low con¬
centric ridges and vague median impression on the
outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: Most closely related
with Palaina adelpha Soos, 1911 (Eastern New
Guinea), P. flavocylindrica sp. nov. (Bird’s Neck Isth¬
mus of New Guinea; see description of this species
above) and P. psittricha sp. nov. (Misool Island; see
description of this species below). The operculum
is simple (without concentric ridges) in P. louisiade
sp. nov. (it is high, consists of concentric ridges in
both P. adelpha and P. psittricha sp. nov.). The colu¬
mella is significantly broader in P. flavocylindrica sp.
nov. and P. psittricha sp. nov. than in P. louisiade
sp. nov. The peristome is significantly narrower in
lateral view in P. louisiade sp. nov. than in P. psittri¬
cha sp. nov. The axial ribs are generally less promi¬
nent in P. louisiade sp. nov. than in P. adelpha.
Ecology: Specimens collected from limestone for¬
mations near streams at low altitudes.
Distribution: Louisiade Islands: Misima Island.
One badly broken specimen from Rossel Island in
UF collection possibly also belongs to this species.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO.
The maximum ECO estimated below 5000 km^ tak¬
ing into account the area of Louisiade Islands and
available habitat. The current AGO is 4(8) km^ (see
note on Rossel Island record above). The maximum
AGO is likely higher but estimated below the thresh¬
old of 500 km^. The population size and trend are
unknown. Threats for this species are unknown.
Further research is required on distribution of this
species, its population size and threats.
Palaina (s. I.) mairasisp. nov. (Fig. 67, plate 39 figs
24-32, map 25)
httD://zoobank.org/811642AE-5DEA-4AE7-9BB8-
DA5657A19610
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, West Papua, S Bird’s
Neck, Kaimana 47 km E, Triton bay, Kamaka (former
Warika) vill. env.. Lake Kamakawalar and surroundings,
3°46’22”S, 134°12’02”E, 60-310 m, 08.IX.2010, pri¬
mary lowland rainforest, leg. K.Greke.
Pa retypes 224 specimens: 56 adults, 17 subadults &
55 juv. KGC, 33 adults & 20 juv. NME, 2 LKCNHM, 2
SMF: same label as holotype; 30 adults KGC, 7 adults
& 2 subadults NME: INDONESIA E, West Papua, S Bird’s
Neck, Kaimana 40 km E, Triton bay, Lobo vill. & env.,
3°45’33”S, 134°06’11”E, 15-150 m, 11-12.IX.2010,
secondary & primary rainforest on limestone, leg.
K.Greke.
r
Derivatio nominis: Named after Mairasi, a local
tribe and language of southern Bird’s Neck of New
Guinea. Noun in apposition, invariable.
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.7 mm, D = 2.3
mm, HW = 1.9 mm, PD = 1.8 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens from type locality: H = 4.1 mm, D
= 2.3 mm, HW = 2.1 mm, PD = 1.9 mm; H = 3.95
mm, D = 2.3 mm, HW = 2 mm, PD = 1.8 mm; H =
3.7 mm, D = 2.1 mm, PD = 1.9 mm; H = 3.7 mm,
D = 2 mm, PD = 1.7 mm. Selected paratypic speci¬
mens from Lobo env.: H = 3.4 mm, D = 2 mm, HW
= 1.75 mm, PD = 1.5 mm; H = 3 mm, D = 1.8 mm,
HW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.4 mm; H = 2.8 mm, D = 1.6
mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is large, white, yellow to pale
brown, dextral, obese cylindrical with conical apex.
W = 6-6V4, very convex, of them 1.5 microscopi¬
cally pitted embryonic whorl. The suture is rather
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is constrict¬
ed and slightly ascending, in apertural view not or
slightly narrower than the penultimate whorl. The
umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is well
defined by presence of a shallow and broad im¬
pression, deeply impressed suture above the con¬
striction and a zone of denser placed axial ribs. The
constriction is more or less centered in apertural
view. With an inconspicuous bulb just beyond the
constriction above the columellar side of the ap¬
erture. The teleoconch is sculptured with delicate,
dense, slightly sinuous ribs. The ribs becoming
coarser and somewhat more widely-spaced on the
last half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are oblique to the
coiling axis. There are 11-13 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral
striae delicate, very dense. The aperture deeply im¬
pressed suture over the constriction area, circular.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
rarely oval, apertural rinn is entire. The aperture is
more or less centered below the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The peristome is double, thin in
lateral view. The parietal margins of the peristome
are attached to the ultimate whorl. Palatal and col-
umellar margins of both peristomes are sinuous.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The outer peristome is broadly discontinued
parietally. The columella is smooth, straight and
moderately broad. The operculum is derivative - in
a form of a flying disc, with raised margin and con¬
centric ridges on the outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: Most closely related
Palaina novoguineensis E.A. Smith, 1897 (Onin
Peninsula and Bird’s Neck Isthmus of New Guinea),
differs specifically in less conspicuous bulb (con¬
spicuous, angulate projecting in P. novoguineen¬
sis), straight columella (the columella is slightly
curved in P. novoguineensis), and in operculum
with raised margin and without concentric ridges
(operculum with several concentric ridges in P. no¬
voguineensis).
Ecology: This species occurs in primary and sec¬
ondary lowland rainforests at altitudes from sea
level up to 310 m. Specimens observed in wet leaf
litter and under decaying wood at base of limestone
outcrops.
Distribution: New Guinea: southern part of Bird’s
Neck Isthmus.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 40 km^, but maximum ECO
for this species is estimated about 19000 km^ tak¬
ing into account the area of Bird’s Neck Isthmus of
New Guinea and available habitat. The current AGO
is 20 km^, the maximum AGO estimated between
500-2000 km^ considering available habitat and
biogeographical peculiarities. Population size and
trend are unknown, but this species is very abun¬
dant at certain localities. Loss and altering of habi¬
tat are the main threats. There are two locations
for this species. On southern Bird’s Neck, coastal
areas being converted into gardens or expanding
settlements but steep anticlines are still all cov¬
ered by primary forest. The forested part of the
maximum ECO is quite stable. Continuing decline
in extent and quality of habitat is observed and
estimated in lowland areas and synclines of Bird’s
Neck and this trend likely will not affect anticlines.
I can’t project significant decline of habitat for the
next 10 years. Additional research is required on
distribution, population size and trend, as well as
on threats for this species. Terrestrial nature con¬
servation area should be established in order to
protect local fauna of southern Bird’s Neck.
Palaina (s. I.) manggaraica (B. Rensch, 1931)
comb. nov. (Figs 68-69, plate 40 figs 1-9, map
13)
Holotype MHUB: Sunda-Expedition Rensch Fundort:
[printed] Ranan Mere [sic!] (12-1300nn) W. Flores [hand¬
written] Datum: [printed] 19.-29.6.27 [handwritten] No:
[printed] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin [printed] Arinia mang¬
garaica * Rensch Rana Mere, W. Flores 12-1300m
19.-29 6.27 75448 Rensch leg [handwritten] / Zoolog.
Museum Berlin. Typus von: [printed] Arinia manggarai¬
ca Rensch Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 61, p. 391, Fig. 16, 1931
[handwritten] [label red].
Additional material: 1 adult KGC & 1 adult NME:
INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt.,
08°37.386’S, 120°31.156’E, 1575 m, 10.111.2011,
primary lower montane rainforest, soil sample No 11,
leg. A.Riedel; 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara,
Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt., 08°37.714’S, 120°31.509’E,
1850 m, 10.111.2011, primary mid montane rainfor¬
est, soil sample No 7, leg. A.Riedel; 1 adult KGC: IN¬
DONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt.,
08°37.641’S, 120°31.204’E, 1685 m, 10.111.2011,
primary lower montane rainforest, soil sample No 9,
leg. A.Riedel; 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara,
Flores Is., Golo Lusang, 08°39.875’S, 120°27.596’E,
1565 m, 11.111.2011, primary lower montane rainforest,
soil sample No 2, leg. A.Riedel.
New combination: This new combination is
based on the results of COI analysis since this spe¬
cies represents same clade with another Paiaina
(see below).
References: Rensch B. (1931: 391), as Arinia
manggaraica.
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.3 mm, D = 1.25
mm, HW = 1.9 mm, PD = 0.9 mm. Specimens from
Mt. Ranaka: H = 3 mm, D = 1.55 mm, PD = 1.3 mm;
H = 2.15 mm, D = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 2.05
mm, D = 1.2 mm, PD = 0.9 mm. Specimen from
Golo Lusang H = 2.05 x 1.1 mm, aperture 0.85 mm.
Description: Shell is small, yellowish, whitish or
pale brown, dextral, cylindrical with flattened apex.
Shell with 5V4-5V2 convex whorls, the IV4 embry¬
onic whorl is smooth (no microscopic sculpture vis¬
ible at 300x magnification). The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is slightly constricted,
it is about as wide as the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction is not delimited on shell wall. The teleo-
conch is sculptured with delicate dense straight ax¬
ial ribs. The ribs are most dense on the penultimate
whorl and becoming coarse and very widely-spaced
on the last half whorl. There are no abrupt changes
in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique
to the coiling axis. Spiral striae are lacking at 80x
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
magnification. The aperture is not or barely tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap-
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
peristome is double, thick and consists of a few
strong lamellae in lateral view. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
The margins of the inner peristome are not sinuous.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The outer peristome is broadly discontinued
parietally, its palatal margin is slightly sinuous. The
columella is glass-like semitransparent, provided
with a lateral callus all along its length; this callus
is directed backwards. The operculum is derivative -
circular, in a form of a flying disc with slightly raised
margin and bears concentric lines.
Phylogeny: According to results of COI analysis
this species represents a separate clade of Palaina
species from Lesser Sunda Islands (P. mangga-
raica) and Lease Islands (P. angulata 0. Boettger,
1891 & P. ascendens (Martens, 1867). Proposed
new combination is based on the phylogenetic re¬
construction.
Ecology: This species inhabits primary lower mon¬
tane rainforests, where it can be found in leaf litter.
Known from altitudes of 1575-1850 m.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores Island.
Conservation status: Endangered, EN
B2ab(ii,iii). The current ECO is about 55 km^. The
maximum ECO estimated about 15000 km^ taking
into account the area of Flores Island (13540 km^)
and adjacent islands. The current AGO is 12 km^
but the real AGO estimated 500 km^. This species
is underresearched. The population size and trend
are unknown, P. manggaraica is not abundant. This
species avoids arid and deforested lowlands. Three
localities are currently known for this species. The
population is not severely fragmented, but the
grade of fragmentation is likely to increase. The
main threats for this species are habitat alteration
and destruction due conversion of the rainforest
into gardens, timber collecting and small-scale log¬
ging. It results in habitat alteration, fragmentation
and decline in the AGO. Growing human population
of Flores combined with more frequent and longer
dry periods caused by global warming and El Nino
weather patterns will likely have negative effect
on the remaining natural rainforests of Flores. Be¬
tween 2001 and 2014, Flores, its adjacent islands
of Lembata, Adonara, Solor and Rinca lost almost
29000 ha of lowland forest (calculated for canopy
density over 25% according to the Global Forest
Watch (2016)). Human population is not spreading
from lowlands to the montane areas, but wet moun¬
tains are threatened by expanding small-scale gar¬
dens and logging for construction purposes. This
trend is likely to cause a continuing decline in the
AGO and extent of the habitat. There are two loca¬
tions for Palaina manggaraica. The human popu¬
lation is not encroaching on the habitat too dra¬
matically yet, but a continuing decline in the near
future is projected. Additional research is required
on the distribution, population size and threats for
P. manggaraica.
Palaina (s. I.) megalostoma sp. nov. (Fig. 70, plate
40 figs 10-13, map 21)
http://zoobank.org/B30GA578-4FD5-4594-86B8-
54E2EF7DG507
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Is¬
land, Waisai 10 km NWW, 00°24’46”S, 130°44’irE,
70-200 m, 19.11.2012, primary lowland rainforest on
limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa raty pes 3 specimens: 1 subadult NME, 2 adults & 1
subadult KGC: same label as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Named from Greek “psydAoq”
[big] and “oiopcx” [mouth], because of very large
aperture in this species.
Measurements: Holotype H = 4.1 mm, D = 2.7
mm, HW = 2.35 mm, PD = 2.3 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 4.25 mm, D = 3 mm, HW =
2 mm, PD = 2 mm; H = 4.1 mm, D = 3 mm, HW =
2.25 mm, PD = 2.1 mm.
Description: Shell is large whitish to pale brown,
sinistral, obese with flattened apex. Shell with 6V4
convex whorls, the 1V2-1% embryonic whorl is mi¬
croscopically pitted. The suture is rather deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted, ascend¬
ing and narrower than the penultimate whorl in
apertural view. The umbilicus is narrowly open and
perspective. The constriction not delimited on shell
wall in fully grown specimens, because most of the
ultimate whorl is covered by expanded peristome
in apertural view. In subadult specimens the con¬
striction is well defined by denser placed and less
coarse axial ribs, presence of a flat impression and
suture with a cavity-like impression above the con¬
striction. The constriction is more or less centered
in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse dense sinuous axial ribs. The ribs of 3-4
whorls becoming higher (somewhat lamella-like)
in their lower parts. The ribs becoming inconspicu¬
ously sparser on the last half whorl. There are no
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are
partially synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are
11-12 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae are lacking. The
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is oval
and has entire apertural. The aperture is nnore or
less centered below the penultinnate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The peristonne is sinnple. Nunnerous
very dense lannellae present at the very end of the
ultinnate whorl prior to the peristonne. The parietal
margin of the peristome is attached to the ultimate
whorl. The inner peristome forms a very broad con¬
tinuous polished callus, strongly expands in fully
grown specimens and covers most of the ultimate
whorl in apertural view. The palatal margin of the
peristome is slightly sinuous. The columella is very
broad and smooth with a large triangular median
knob which is directed backwards. The operculum
is derivative - circular, with concentric ridges on the
outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: A very distinctive spe¬
cies among all congeners due to the combination
of the following characters: shell obese, umbilicus
open and perspective, the inner peristome very
strongly expands and covers most of the ultimate
whorl in apertural view.
Phylogeny: According to results of COI analysis
this species represents a separate clade together
with another Waigeo species P. hartmanni sp. nov.
Ecology: Specimens were sampled from under¬
side of large fallen leaves in primary lowland rain¬
forest on limestone soil in a flat low area which
overflows during heavy rains.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo Island
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. This
species inhabits western peninsula of Waigeo Is¬
land and is hitherto recorded from single locality.
Not enough data available to calculate current EDO.
The maximum EDO estimated under 5000 km^ tak¬
ing into account the area of Waigeo and adjacent
islets. The current AGO is 4 km^, but the maximum
AGO estimated below 500 km^ taking into account
available habitat. The population size is unknown,
but the species is uncommon compared to an¬
other Waigeo diplommatinids. Habitat loss is the
main threat. Growing human population of western
Waigeo and increasing tourism in this area (both
national and international) demand more gardens,
infrastructure and tourism resorts. Waigeo got a
regency capital of Raja Ampat administrative prov¬
ince of Indonesia some years ago which resulted
in boosting development, investments into Waisai,
the new regency capital and in provincial airport.
Waigeo is initially rich in limestone rocks and lime¬
stone is widely used for roads and buildings con¬
struction. Growing population (partly a result of im¬
migration from other islands of Indonesia) requires
more firewood and charcoal. An illegal logging is
rare but is a reality. Aforementioned factors result
in decline of primary lowland rainforests especially
in south-western part of Waigeo and this trend is
observed, projected and likely to continue. No di¬
rect effect of aforementioned threats was observed
on the population of P. megalostoma sp. nov. On
the other hand, P. megalostoma sp. nov. was not
found in disturbed forests. Between 2001-2014
south-western Waigeo lost just about 1100 ha of
the rainforest (calculated for canopy density over
25% according to the Global Forest Watch (2016)),
but not exactly in the area where P. megalostoma
sp. nov. occurs. Additional research is required on
Waigeo to clarify distribution of this species, calcu¬
late population size and highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) mengen sp. nov. (Fig. 71, plate 40
figs 17-23, map 29)
httD://zoobank.org/A17B5493-F4G9-4B22-A804-
FBE1B6G3A959
Holotype UF (No 508074): UF 366601 Mollusca,
Diplommatinidae 15 specinnen(s) Palaina [printed] sp. 9
[handwritten] Papua New Guinea, East New Britain Prov¬
ince New Britain, 12 knn N Marnnar Village along trail to
Pakia Village secondary hill forest 900 nneters 5.43187°
S 151.45971° E Slapcinsky, J. 25-February-2005 JS-
0772 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
[printed] / 772 [handwritten] / Mollusca 366601 [print¬
ed].
Pa retypes 18 specinnens: 9 adults, 2 subadults & 2
Juv. UF, 1 adult KGC: sanne labels as holotype [two adults
are badly broken]; 4 adults UF: UF 366603 Mollusca
Diplonnnnatinidae 4 specinnen(s) Palaina Papua New
Guinea, East New Britain Province New Britain, Saukale,
13 knn NW Marnnar Village along trail to Pakia Village
primary hill forest 850 meters 5.42551° S 151.45337°
E Slapcinsky, J. 2/28/2005 JS-0775 drowned in water >
75% ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
[printed] / 775 [handwritten] [one adult is badly broken].
Derivatio nominis: This species is named after
Mengen, local tribe and language of New Britain,
where this species was first found. Noun in apposi¬
tion, invariable.
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.4 mm, D = 1.5
mm, HW = 1.45 mm, PD = 1.2 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 2.5 mm, D = 1.5 mm, HW =
1.3 mm, PD = 1.1 mm; H = 2.45 mm, D = 1.4 mm,
HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.2 mm; H = 2.4 mm, D = 1.5
mm, HW = 1.35 mm, PD = 1.2 mm; H = 2.4 mm, D
= 0.95 mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.05 mm.
Description: Shell is small, yellowish, sinistral,
broadly conical with conical apex. Shell with 5V4
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted (pits are partly arranged in axial
rows). The suture is moderately deeply impressed.
240
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
The ultinnate whorl is constricted, as wide as the
penultinnate whorl in apertural view. The unnbilicus
is closed in adult. The constriction is well defined
by a short shallow impression, a short zone of
denser and stronger sinuous axial ribs and deeply
impressed suture above the constriction. The con¬
striction is more or less centered in apertural view.
The teleoconch is sculptured with coarse dense,
partly straight partly sinuous ribs. The ribs becom¬
ing coarser (higher) and more widely-spaced on
the last half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in
the ribbing pattern except at the area of constric¬
tion (see above). The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are slightly
oblique to the coiling axis. There are 10-12 ribs per
1 mm. Spiral striae are very delicate and dense.
The aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis,
is circular or oval and has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is more or less centered below the penul¬
timate whorl in apertural view. The parietal side of
the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The
peristome is double, thin in lateral view. The inner
peristome forms a continuous polished callus. The
palatal margins of both peristomes are sinuous.
The inner peristome with two obtuse protrudings -
near the parietal / palatal and the columellar / pa¬
rietal junctions. The columella is broad and smooth
with glass-like semitransparent callus all along its
inner margin. The operculum is derivative - circular
or ovoid, transparent, with slightly indicated con¬
centric lines and broad, short and flat spatula-like
median “handler” on the inner surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is concho-
logically similar to Palaina commixta I. Rensch,
1937 (New Britain Island), but differs in lower and
broader shell, presence of a median knob along in¬
ner margin of the columella (the columella is twist¬
ed in basal fourth in P. commixta), the axial ribs not
being bent counter-clockwise (see description of P.
commixta above for further details), and the inner
peristome provided with two protrudings (protrud¬
ings are absent in P. commixta).
Ecology: Primary and secondary lower montane
rainforests, sampled at altitudes 850-900 m.
Distribution: Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain
Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO.
The current AGO is 8 km^, but the maximum AGO
is likely much higher. The population size and trend
are unknown. Since this species also reported from
secondary rainforests, threats for this species can¬
not be identified without additional basic studies.
Palaina (s. I.) minuscularia sp. nov. (Figs 72, 127-
128, plate 41 figs 1-9, map 16)
httD://zoobank.org/640EC68D-FAlF-433F-A70B-
F4BDCF0DCE6B
Flolotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Am pat, Misool Is¬
land (central), River Gam upstream, Gamta vill. 12-14
km NW, 01°57’50”S, 130°ir09”E, 350 m, 06.11.2012,
primary lowland rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa raty pes 8 specimens: 3 adults KGC & 1 adult NME:
same label as holotype; 1 adult KGC & 1 adult NME: IN¬
DONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Misool Island (central). River
Gam upstream, Gamta vill. 12-14 km NW, 01°57’50”S,
130°11’09”E, 70-350 m, 04-06.11.2012, primary low¬
land rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov; 33 adults
KGC & 10 adults NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Misool
Island S, Lilinta (Lelintah) vill. env., 02°02’57,43”S,
130°15’58,11”E, 16 m, 02.11.2012, secondary lowland
rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: This species is named from
Latin ‘minuscularius’ [small, smallest], because of
the extraordinary small shell.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 1.3 mm, D = 0.7
mm, FIW = 0.7 mm, PD = 0.55 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens from locus typicus: FI = 1.4 mm, D
= 0.8 mm, FIW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.55 mm; FI = 1.35
mm, D = 0.75 mm, FIW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.5 mm.
Selected paratypic specimens from Lilinta vill. env.:
FI = 1.8 mm, D = 0.9 mm, FIW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.6
mm; FI = 1.7 mm, D = 1 mm, FIW = 0.8 mm, PD =
0.7 mm; FI = 1.6 mm, D = 0.9 mm, FIW = 0.9 mm,
PD = 0.7 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, white, sinistral,
cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell with 5V4 con¬
vex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopi¬
cally pitted. The suture is rather deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is slightly constricted, nearly as
wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is poorly defined by weak sutural impression above
it. The constriction situated on same axis with the
columellar side of the aperture. The teleoconch
is sculptured with delicate and dense straight or
slightly sinuous axial ribs. The ribs becoming coars¬
er and more distant on the last half whorl. There
are no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The
ribs are not synchronized with those of the previ¬
ous whorls and are slightly oblique to the coiling
axis. There are about 25-28 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral
striae are distinct, very delicate and rather widely-
spaced (4 rows of spiral striae per 30 pm measured
on the ultimate whorl above the aperture). The ap¬
erture is not or slightly tilted against the coiling
axis, is circular and has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is more or less centered below the penul-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
tinnate whorl in apertural view. The peristonne is dis¬
tinctly double. There are 2 strong lannellae between
the inner and the outer peristonnes in fully grown
specinnens. The parietal nnargin of the peristonne
is attached to the ultinnate whorl. Peristonnal nnar-
gins are not sinuous. The inner peristonne fornns a
continuous polished callus. The outer peristonne is
broadly discontinued parietally. The colunnella is
thin and glass-like sennitransparent, provided with
a snnall basal knob. The operculunn is derivative -
circular, in a fornn of a flying disc with slightly raised
nnargin and without ridges.
Differential diagnosis: This species is sinnilar
to several nninute Papuan Palaina. Specific charac¬
ters are discussed in table 15.
Ecology: This species occurs in prinnary and old-
growth secondary lowland rainforests. Specinnens
observed in wet leaf litter accunnulated in cavities
at linnestone fornnations as well as on the under¬
sides of fallen leaves.
Distribution: Raja Annpat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 12 knn^. The nnaxinnunn ECO
estinnated less than 2000 knn^ taking into account
the area of Misool Island and available habitat. The
current AGO is 8 knn^. The nnaxinnunn AGO estinnated
nnuch higher but definitively below 500 knn^. The
population size and trend are unknown. Generally,
Palaina minuscularia sp. nov. is not unconnnnon.
This species is currently known fronn two locali¬
ties and inhabits both prinnary and old-growth sec¬
ondary lowland rainforests on linnestone soils. No
nnajor threats to this species have been identified.
Misool Island is still very pristine and covered by
prinnary rainforests for over 75%. Further research
is required on distribution of this species as well as
on population size and threats.
Table 15. Papuan species of Palaina s. I. sinnilar to P. minuscularia sp. nov.
and their distinctive characters.
Palaina (s. I.) minutula sp. nov. (Plate 40 figs 24-
26, nnap 6)
httD://zoobank.org/699275D3-lF89-4DlD-8091-
EB5D8D61EB96
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas, Halnna-
hera N, Galela area, Mt. Ngededo Ma Girapang at Roko
vilL, 1°50’07”N, 127°43’17”E, 230 m, 02.VII.2013,
prinnary & secondary lowland rainforest, leaf litter, leg.
K.Greke.
r
Derivatio nonninis: Nanned fronn Latin “nninutu-
lus” [tiny, very snnall], because of nninute size of the
shell.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 1.35 nnnn, D = 0.85
nnnn, HW = 0.8 nnnn, PD = 0.6 nnnn.
Description: Shell is very snnall, creanny to pale
brown, dextral, cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell
with 5 convex whorls, the IV2 ennbryonic whorl is
nnicroscopically pitted. The suture is deeply inn-
242
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
pressed. The ultinnate whorl is slightly constricted,
slightly wider than the penultinnate whorl in aper-
tural view. The unnbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction is not delinnited on shell wall. The te-
leoconch is sculptured with coarse widely-spaced
straight axial ribs. The ribs beconning 4x more dis¬
tant on the last half whorl. The ribs are straight to
the coiling axis. There are 9-10 ribs per 0.5 mm.
Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is not tilted
against the coiling axis, is circular and has entire
apertural rim. The aperture is shifted right against
the coiling axis in apertural view. The peristome is
distinctly double, without lamellae between the in¬
ner and the outer peristome. The parietal margin of
the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl. The
outer peristome is broadly discontinued parietally.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. Peristomal margins are not sinuous. Be¬
cause only one specimen was available for study,
I did not damage the shell to observe the internal
lamellae which remains unknown for this species.
Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Very distinctive species
among all congeners due to the combination of the
following characters: shell very small, axial ribbing
pattern very widely-spaced, the peristome strong
and distinctly double.
Ecology: The only known specimen was sampled
from leaf litter in primary lowland rainforest on a
limestone hill where small-scale selective logging
was ongoing. This locality is now selectively logged.
Distribution: North Moluccas: Northern arm of
Halmahera Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO. The
maximum EDO estimated under 20000 km^ taking
into account its possible distribution on Halmahera
as well as on Bacan. The maximum EDO is esti¬
mated about 5000 km^. The current AGO is 4 km^,
the maximum AGO is possibly significantly larger
but estimated less than 500 km^. The population
size and trend are unknown. Habitat loss and al¬
teration caused by logging, mining, and conversion
of forests into gardens and plantations, as well as
expansion of human settlements in lowland areas
are main threats. However, the impact on P. minu-
tula sp. nov. population is not yet documented. The
forested part of the maximum EGO is decreasing
constantly, between 2001 and 2014 over 87000
ha of the rainforest were lost (calculated for canopy
density over 25% according to the Global Forest
Watch (2016)). Continuing decline in extent and
quality of habitat is observed and projected, espe¬
cially considering constantly growing human popu¬
lation of North Moluccas. Further basic research on
population size, trend, ecological preferences and
threats for P. minutula sp. nov. is essential.
Palaina (s. I.) mirifica sp. nov. (Figs 73-74, plate 41
figs 10-22, map 15)
httD://zoobank.org/9601DA83-E9FB-483E-8CA0-
0B46ECF394D9
Holotype NMNL: Coll. J.J. Vermeulen, nr. 4728 Palaina
indet. - Diplommatinidae 1995.06. INDONESIA. Tanim-
bar Islands; W part Yamdena Isl., near Kpg. Makatian.
Undisturbed primary forest on limestone, near riverbed,
4-6 km from the sea (3-5 km from a brackish river). Leg.
A.J. Whitten, 00/10/1995.
Pa retypes: 16 adults NMNL: 9 same label as holotype;
7 adults NMNL: Coll. J.J. Vermeulen, nr. 4727 Palaina
indet. - Diplommatinidae 1995.06. INDONESIA. Tanim-
bar Islands; W part Yamdena Isl., near Kpg. Makatian.
Undisturbed primary forest on limestone, near riverbed,
4-6 km from the sea (3-5 km from a brackish river). Leg.
A.J. Whitten, 00/10/1995 [one adult is broken]; 2 adults
LKCNHM: ZRC.1999.2451 [handwritten] / Coll. J.J. Ver¬
meulen, nr. 4728 Arinia - [printed] ZRC.199.2451 [hand¬
written] Diplommatinidae [printed] 2nos [handwritten]
INDONESIA, Tanimbar Group, W part Yamdena Isl., nr
Kpg Makatian. Undisturbed primary fst on limestone,
nr riverbed, 100-150 m asl, 4-6 km from the sea (3-5
km from a brackish river. Leg. A.J. Whitten, 10/1995.
[printed] / ZOOLOGICAL REFERENCE COLLECTION DE¬
PARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SIN¬
GAPORE [printed] Diplommatinidae ZRC.M0L.10459 Ex
[handwritten] ZRC. [printed] 199.2451 [handwritten]
No. Spec, [printed] 2 nos. [handwritten] Species, [print¬
ed] Arinia [handwritten] Locality [printed] Indonesia,
Tanimbar Group, W. part Yamdena Island, nr. Kampong
Makatian. [handwritten] Collector [printed] A.J. Whitten
Date [printed] Oct. 1995 [handwritten] Det. by [printed]
JJ Vermeulen, nr. 4728 [handwritten] Date [printed]; 2
adults LKCNHM: LKCNHM: ZRC.1999.2450 [handwrit¬
ten] / Coll. J.J. Vermeulen, nr. 4727 Arinia - [printed]
ZRC.199.2449 [handwritten] Diplommatinidae [printed]
2nos [handwritten] INDONESIA, Tanimbar Group, W part
Yamdena Isl., nr Kpg Makatian. Undisturbed primary fst
on limestone, nr riverbed, 100-150 m asl, 4-6 km from
the sea (3-5 km from a brackish river. Leg. A.J. Whitten,
10/1995. [printed] / ZOOLOGICAL REFERENCE COLLEC¬
TION DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY NATIONAL UNIVER¬
SITY OF SINGAPORE [printed] Diplommatinidae ZRC.
M0L.10458 Ex [handwritten] ZRC. [printed] 199.2450
[handwritten] No. Spec, [printed] 2 nos. [handwritten]
Species, [printed] Arinia [handwritten] Locality [printed]
Indonesia, Tanimbar Group, W. part Yamdena Island, nr.
Kampong Makatian. [handwritten] Collector [printed]
A.J. Whitten Date [printed] Oct. 1995 [handwritten] Det.
by [printed] JJ Vermeulen, nr. 4727 [handwritten] Date
[printed].
Derivatio nonninis: This species is manned fronn
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Latin ‘nnirificus’ [extraordinary, wonder, nnarvel-
lous], because of extraordinary expanded nnargins
of the outer peristonne.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2.8 nnnn, D = 2
mm, HW = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.85 mm (1 mm without
expanding margin of the outer peristome). Selected
paratypic specimens: H = 3.3 mm, D = 2.5 mm, HW
= 1.9 mm, PD = 2.15 mm (1.2 mm without expand¬
ing margin of the outer peristome); H = 3.05 mm,
D = 2.3 mm, HW = 1.8 mm, PD = 1.9 mm (1.2 mm
without expanding margin of the outer peristome);
H = 3 mm, D = 2.3 mm, HW = 1.7 mm, PD = 1.8
mm (1.1 mm without expanding margin of the outer
peristome).
Description: Shell is large, whitish to creamy co¬
loured, sinistral, obese, with conical apex. Shell
with 5V2 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl
is microscopically pitted. The suture is moderately
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is slightly
constricted, ascending, it is slightly narrower than
or as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constric¬
tion is poorly delimited by presence of a broad and
very shallow impression and a zone of dense deli¬
cate axial ribs. A cavity-like impression present on
the suture just above the constriction. The constric¬
tion situated on same axis with the columellar side
of the aperture. The teleoconch is sculptured with
delicate very widely-spaced and quite high straight
ribs. There are abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern
- early whorls and the constriction area are covered
by much denser axial ribs. The ribs are partially syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and are
oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 4-6 ribs
per 1 mm. The ribs becoming more widely-spaced
on the last half whorl. Spiral striae are lacking.
The aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis,
is circular or oval and has entire apertural rim. In
apertural view the position of the aperture is more
or less central below the coiling axis or aperture
shifted left. The peristome is double. The parietal
margin of the peristome completely attached to the
ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms a narrow
continuous polished callus. The outer peristome is
more or less broadly discontinued parietally. The
outer peristome expands very strongly, wing-like on
the palatal, basal and columellar margins beyond
the inner peristome. In several specimens this ex¬
pansion overrunning over the entire penultimate
whorl in apertural view (Plate 141 figs 10-14, 15 &
19) and is straight or reflexed. The palatal and the
columellar margins of the outer peristome are sinu¬
ous. The columella is simple, obliquely twisted and
provided with an obtuse horizontal columellaris in
its basal third. The operculum is derivative - circu¬
lar, with several layers of concentric ridges on the
outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is peculiar
among all congeners primarily due to the extremely
widely-spaced axial ribs and very strong expansion
of the outer peristome. It differs from its sympat-
ric congener Palaina tanimbarensis sp. nov. (see
description of this species below) in axial ribs be¬
ing straight low and not folded (ribs are folded and
lamella-like high in P. tanimbarensis sp. nov.), more
obese shell (shell is cylindrical in P. tanimbarensis
sp. nov.) and much stronger expanding outer peri¬
stome.
Ecology: Specimens found in primary riverine low¬
land rainforest on limestone soil.
Distribution: Tanimbar Islands: Yamdena Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO.
The maximum EDO estimated about 9900 km^ tak¬
ing into account the area of Tanimbar Islands. It is
very unlikely Paiaina mirifica sp. nov. is distributed
all over Tanimbar Islands. The current AGO is 4
km^, the maximum AGO estimated much less than
500 km^ taking into account available habitat. This
species is known from single locality. The popula¬
tion size, trend and threats are unknown. Few un¬
touched rainforest patches remains on Yamdena
Island nowadays.
Palaina (s. I.) misoolensis sp. nov. (Figs 75-76,
plate 41 figs 23-30, map 17)
httD://zoobank.org/DA95F581-452C-4300-91E9-
40C0C26E4898
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Am pat, Misool Island
S, Biga vill. ~7,5 km W, River Biga valley, 02°01’23”S,
130°12’38”E, 45-78 m, 03.11.2012, primary lowland
rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 17 specimens: 5 adults & 2 Juv. NME, 10
adults KGC: same label as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species is
named after Misool Island, its area of origin.
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.2 mm, D = 2.05
mm, HW = 1.75 mm, PD = 1.6 mm. Selected para¬
typic specimens: H = 3.2 mm, D = 2.1 mm, HW =
1.7 mm, PD = 1.5 mm; H = 3.2 mm, D = 1.95 mm,
HW = 1.8 mm, PD = 1.55 mm.
Description: Shell is large, pale yellow, yellow or
pink, sinistral, broadly fusiform with conical apex.
Shell with 6 rather convex whorls, the IV2 embryon¬
ic whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is mod¬
erately deeply impressed. The penultimate whorl is
somewhat bulbous. The ultimate whorl strongly con-
244
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
stricted, is narrower than the penultinnate whorl in
apertural view. The unnbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction is poorly defined by presence of a short
and shallow impression and a cavity-like impressed
suture just above the constriction. The constriction
situated on same axis with the columellar side of
the aperture. The teleoconch is sculptured with
moderately coarse, dense, straight ribs. The ribs
becoming coarser and more widely-spaced on the
last half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique
to the coiling axis. There are 11-12 ribs per 1 mm.
Spiral striae are very delicate and dense. The ap¬
erture is not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular
to semicircular and has entire apertural rim. The
aperture is more or less centered below the penul¬
timate whorl in apertural view. The parietal side of
the peristome is pressed against the parietal wall
and is completely attached to the ultimate whorl.
The peristome is double. The inner peristome forms
a continuous polished callus. The margins of the in¬
ner peristome are not sinuous. The outer peristome
is broadly discontinued parietally, expands strongly
beyond the inner one. All margins of the outer peri¬
stome are sinuous. Four small obtuse protrudings
- two basal, one palatal and one columellar - pre¬
sented on the outer peristome (Plate 41 figs 23,
25-26). The columella is smooth, provided with a
median knob which is directed forwards. Therefore
an inconspicuous flat columellaris is visible in the
aperture in lateral view. The operculum is derivative
- circular, with f-like median protruding (“handler”)
on the inner surface, without concentric lines.
Differential diagnosis: This species is concho-
logically very similar to P. bicornis van Benthem
Jutting, 1958a and P. quadricornis van Benthem
Jutting, 1958a (both from Misool Island) but has
columellar denticle visible in the aperture (in lateral
view). Another very similar species, P. onin sp. nov.
(Onin Peninsula; see description of this species be¬
low) has simple columella.
Ecology: Specimens were sampled from the un¬
dersides of fallen leaves in primary lowland rainfor¬
est at base of limestone rocks in a wet and shady
place.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO.
The maximum ECO estimated below 2000 km^
taking into account the area of Misool and avail¬
able habitat. The current AGO is 4 km^. The maxi¬
mum AGO estimated much higher but below 500
km^. The population size and trend are unknown.
Palaina misoolensis sp. nov. is locally common in
riverine forests in upper course of Biga river. This
species is currently known from single locality and
inhabits old-growth lowland rainforests on lime¬
stone and clayish soils. No major threats to this
species have been identified. Misool Island is still
very pristine and covered by primary rainforests for
over 75%. Further research is required on distribu¬
tion of this species as well as on population size,
trend and threats.
Palaina (s. I.) mutis sp. nov. (Fig. 77, plate 41 figs
31-34, map 14)
http://zoobank.org/B5DDAC20-4DBD-48CF-B700-
B3F40E1AA8EA
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Timor W, Fatumnasi vill.
3 km NNE, 9°37’28”S, 124°14’19”E, 1620-1630 m,
05.IV.2016, base of limestone outcrop, leaf litter, leg.
L. Wagner.
Pa raty pes 91 specimens: 15 adults & 6 juv. NME, 48
adults, 5 subadults & 17 juv. KGC: same label as holo¬
type; 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA, Timor Island, Fatumnasi
env., semidry forest, 30.111.2012, leg. L. Wagner.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species is
named after Mount Mutis, the highest peak of East
Nusa Tenggara (about 2427 m) where this species
occurs. Noun in apposition, invariable.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 4.1 mm, D = 2.25
mm, FIW = 2.3 mm, PD = 1.6 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: FI = 4 mm, D = 2.2 mm, FIW = 2.2
mm, PD = 1.5 mm; FI = 4 mm, D = 2 mm, FIW = 2.1
mm, PD = 1.3 m; FI = 3.9 mm, D = 2.15 mm, FIW =
2.1 mm, PD = 1.4 mm; FI = 3.9 mm, D = 2.2 mm,
FIW = 2 mm, PD = 1.4 mm; FI = 3.7 mm, D = 2.1
mm, FIW = 2 mm, PD = 1.3 mm.
Description: Shell is large, yellow to pale brown
but white in juvenile and subadult specimens,
sinistral, high cylindrical with conical apex. Shell
with 6V4 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl
is microscopically striate and pitted. The suture is
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is slightly
constricted and slightly descending, it is about as
wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is open, narrow and perspective. The
constriction is poorly defined by a short shallow im¬
pression supplemented with a zone of somewhat
denser axial ribs. A weak bulb present just beyond
the constriction above the columellar side of the
aperture. There is a flat cavity-like impression on
the suture just above the constriction. The constric¬
tion is more or less centered in apertural view. The
teleoconch is sculptured with coarse dense slightly
sinuous axial ribs. The ribs becoming coarser but
not much sparser on the last half whorl. There are
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
no abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs
are not synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are
12-15 ribs per 1 nnnn. Spiral striae are lacking. The
aperture is not tilted to the coiling axis, is oval and
has entire apertural rinn. The aperture is shifted left
against the coiling axis in apertural view. The peri-
stonne is double. The parietal nnargin of the peri-
stonne is attached to the ultinnate whorl. The inner
peristonne fornns a broad continuous polished cal¬
lus. The outer peristonne is narrowly discontinued
parietally. The palatal nnargins of both peristonnes
are slightly sinuous. The colunnella is snnooth,
broad. The operculunn is derivative, circular with
concentric ridges on outer side.
Differential diagnosis: This species is very
distinctive annong all congeners due to the connbi-
nation of the following characters: shell high cylin¬
drical, the ultinnate whorl descending and building
open and perspective unnbilicus.
Ecology: Specinnens were sannpled fronn thick
layer of leaf litter and decaying wood accunnulated
at base of linnestone rock outcrops in nnoist lower
nnontane eucalypt forest.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: western part
of Tinnor Island.
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO.
The nnaxinnunn EDO for this species is definitively
less than 5500 knn^ taking into account available
habitat in western part of Timor. The maximum EDO
estimated below 5500 km^. The current AGO is 12
km^, the maximum AGO is significantly larger but
estimated below 500 km^. The population size and
trend are unknown. This species is common on Mt.
Mutis on certain places with limestone outcrops.
Mt. Mutis is protected area with rangers and log¬
ging is not a real threat for this area. However, graz¬
ing (cows and horses) is ongoing at lower altitudes
in eucalypt forest where P. mutis sp. nov. occurs.
Livestock is not climbing the limestone outcrops.
Relic patches of rainforest in this generally arid
region can also get affected by more frequent and
longer dry periods caused by global warming and El
Nino weather patterns. Gontinuing decline in extent
and quality of habitat is therefore projected for the
future but with a little effect within next 10 years.
Presently, one location is known for this species.
Further basic research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) novoguineensis E.A. Smith, 1897
(Fig. 64, plate 42 figs 1-13, map 26)
Lectotype BMNH [herewith designated]: sulphurea
[original correction] Snnith (MS) Kapaur New Guinea
= dohertyi Snnith [handwritten] / Palaina sulphurea
[original correction] dohertyi Snnith Kapaur New Guinea
Types. (D....) 1897.7.30.59-60 [handwritten, partly un¬
readable].
Para lectotype 1 adult BMNH [herewith designated]:
same labels as lectotype.
Additional material: 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA E,
West Papua, S Bird’s Neck, Kaimana 7-9 km NW,
3°35’02”S, 133°42’58”E, 25-200 m, 05.IX.2010,
primary lowland rainforest on limestone, leg. K.Greke;
1 adult KGC: INDONESIA E, West Papua, Onin Penin¬
sula, Fak-Fak 5-7 km N, 2°53’26”S, 132°18’22”E,
300-400 m, 23.IX.2010, primary lowland rainforest on
limestone, leg. D.Telnov; 1 adult KGC & 1 adult NME:
INDONESIA E, West PAPUA, Onin Peninsula, Fak-Fak 10
km E, 2°56’32”S, 132°23’01”E, Sakarteman vill. 1-4
km W, River Sakarteman valley, 350-450 m, 26.IX.2010,
primary lowland rainforest on limestone, leg. K.Greke;
9 adults KGC, 3 adults, 2 subadults & 4 Juv. NME: IN¬
DONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Misool Island S, Lilinta (Lelin-
tah) vill. env., 02°02’57,43”S, 130°15’58,H”E, 16 m,
02.11.2012, secondary lowland rainforest on limestone,
leg. D.Telnov.
Note: There are confusions with labelling of the
types of this species. Originally, these were labelled
as Talaina sulphurea Smith (MS)’, later this was
corrected to 'dohertyi', but 24.9.1962 note from
van Benthem Jutting reads These two shells are
Palaina novoguineensis Smith 1897’. I herewith re¬
confirm that according to the original description,
two shells of T897. 7.30.59-60’ belong to Palaina
novoguineensis but the figures in the original de¬
scriptions of both P dohertyi and P. novoguieneen-
sis were reversed.
Lectotype designation: Lectotype is selected
from two syntyes with identical labels.
References: Smith E.A. (1897: 419, pi. 9 figs 30-
31 not 32-33); Kobelt & von Mollendorff (1898:
132), checklist, as Palaina Subgen. Eupalaina Kob.
et. Mlldff. novo-guineensis; Kobelt (1902: 402), as
Palaina (Palaina) novoguineensis; van Benthem
Jutting (1963: 703).
Measurements: Lectotype H = 3.7 mm, D = 2.3
mm, HW = 2 mm, PD = 1.8 mm. Specimen from
Kaimana env.: H = 4.2 mm, D = 2.7 mm, HW = 2.2
mm, PD = 2 mm. Specimens from River Sakarte¬
man valley: H = 4.1 mm, D = 2.5 mm, HW = 2 mm,
PD = 1.9 mm; H = 4.05 mm, D = 2.6 mm, HW = 2.1
mm, PD = 2 mm.
Description: Shell is small, yellowish to pale
brown, dextral, obese with conical apex. Shell with
6V4 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is mi¬
croscopically pitted. The suture is rather deeply
impressed. The penultimate whorl is slightly bul¬
bous in certain specimens. The ultimate whorl is
246
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
constricted, narrower than the penultinnate whorl in
apertural view. The unnbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction is well defined by presence of a deep
and broad impression and a zone of dense axial
ribs. The constriction is more or less centered in
apertural view. A strong bulb is present just beyond
the constriction above the columellar side of the
aperture (Plate 42 fig. 13). The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with coarse dense sinuous ribs. There are no
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are
partially synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are
10-13 ribs per 1 mm. The ribs becoming slightly
more distant on the last half whorl. Spiral striae are
delicate dense and wavy. The aperture is not tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular in type specimens
but oval in recent material, apertural rim is entire.
The aperture is more or less centered below the
penultimate whorl or is slightly shifted right in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal side of the peristome is
pressed against the parietal wall and is completely
attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is
double, consists of numerous dense lamellae in
lateral view. The inner peristome forms a continu¬
ous polished callus. In specimens from Sakarte-
man river valley and Kaimana env. the peristome is
somewhat expanding parietally and covering over a
half of the ultimate whorl in apertural view. The pal¬
atal and the basal margins of both peristomes are
sinuous. The columella is smooth, glass-like semi¬
transparent, slightly angulate medially (in Kaimana
specimen columella is straight and not angulate).
In certain specimens columellaris is visible in the
aperture as a a flat callus. The operculum is deriva¬
tive - circular with several concentric ridges on the
outer surface.
Ecology: This species occurs in primary lowland
rainforests at altitudes up to 450 m.
Distribution: New Guinea: Onin Peninsula and
Bird’s Neck Isthmus. Raja Ampat Islands: Misool
Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 615 km^. The maximum ECO
for this species estimated about 65000 km^. The
current AGO is 12 km^, the maximum AGO esti¬
mated over 2000 km^ taking into account avail¬
able habitat. The population size and trend are
unknown. Habitat loss and alteration are the main
threats. There are three locations. On Onin Pen¬
insula, mostly coastal areas of rainforest are in
decline due to the expansion of settlements and
building construction activities, while on Bomberai
Peninsula lowland areas are intensively logged and
converted to gardens. The forested part of the max¬
imum ECO is decreasing constantly. On Bomberai
Peninsula between 2001 and 2014 over 28000 ha
of the rainforest were lost (calculated for canopy
density over 25% according to the Global Forest
Watch (2016)). Continuing decline in extent and
quality of habitat is observed and projected taking
into account constantly growing human population
in the area. However, most of Onin Peninsula, Bird’s
Neck Isthmus and Misool Island remain intact with
vast amount of undisturbed habitat available. I
can’t project any significant habitat decline for the
next 10 years. Additional research is required on
distribution, population size, as well as on threats
for this species.
Palaina (s. I.) novopommerana I. et B. Rensch,
1929 (Fig. 78, plate 42 figs 14-25, map 29)
= Palaina vexator I. et B. Rensch, 1929 syn.
nov. (Plate 42 figs 10-20, 25)
Syn types P. novopommerana: 5 adults MHUB: Zoolog.
Museunn Berlin [printed] 90932 Palaina novopommera-
na l.-i-B.Rensch * Neu-Pommern Weite Bucht Karlei Ig.
P. Schneider [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museunn Berlin. Ty-
pttsen von: [printed, original correction by hand] Palaina
novopommerana I. + B. Rensch Zool. Anz. 80, 1929, p.
84, Abb. 4 [handwritten] [label red]; 4 adults FMNH:
123700 [printed] / 123700 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATU¬
RAL HISTORY MOLLUSCA: DIPLOMMATINIDAE 4 dry spec.
Possible Syntype(s): Palaina novopommerana I. Rensch
& B. Rensch, 1929 Sta. JS-123700, Papua New Guinea,
Bismarck Archipelago, New-Pommern (= New Britain),
Karlei, Malkong Pater J. Schneider! ex W. J. Eyerdam ex
Zoologisches Museum Berlin (Acc.# 12584) [printed].
Syntypes P vexator 4 adults MHUB: Zoolog. Museum
Berlin [printed] 90938 Palaina vexator l.-i-B. Rensch *
Neu-Pommern Weite Bucht Ig. P. Schneider [handwrit¬
ten] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin. Typus von: [printed] Palai¬
na vexator I. -i- B. Rensch Zool. Anz. 80, 1929, p. 85, Abb.
5 [handwritten] [label red].
Additional material 1 adult UF: UF 366584 Mollus-
ca, Diplommatinidae 1 specimen(s) Palaina Papua New
Guinea, East New Britain Province New Britain, 4 km NW
Marmar Village along trail to Pakia Village secondary hill
forest 450 meters 5.49651° S 151.49027° E Slapcin-
sky, J. 04-March-2005 JS-0777 drowned in water >75%
ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY/ 777.
Note: In original description of P. novopommerana
it is stated “Material. 26 Exemplare...” (p. 84), but
later “Typus. 5 Exemplare im Zoologischen Muse¬
um, Berlin...” (p. 85). Since the total number of syn¬
types is not clear, lectotype designation is not made
(figured specimen cannot be allocated among syn¬
types).
References P. novopommerana: Rensch I. & B.
(1929: 84); Rensch I. (1937: 602).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
References P. vexator: Rensch I. & B. (1929: 85);
Rensch I. (1937: 603).
Measurennents: Selected syntypes P. novopom-
merana H = 5.1 nnnn, D = 2.8 nnnn, HW = 2.7 nnnn,
PD = 2 nnnn; H = 5.3 nnnn, D = 2.9 nnnn; H = 5 nnnn, D
= 2.9 nnnn; H = 4.9 nnnn, D = 3 nnnn; H = 4.7 nnnn, D =
2.8 nnnn. Selected syntypes P. vexator H = 4.1 nnnn,
D = 2.4 nnnn, HW = 2.2 nnnn, PD = 1.7 nnnn; H = 4.1
nnnn, D = 2.4 nnnn; HW = 4.1 nnnn, PD = 2.2 nnnn; H =
3.7 nnnn, D = 2.05 nnnn. Specinnen fronn Marnnar vill.
env. H = 4.4 nnnn.
Description: Shell is very large, white, yellowish
or pale brown, sinistral, high conical with conical
apex. Shell with 6V4-6V2 convex whorls, the IV2-
1% ennbryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The
suture is moderately deeply impressed. The ul¬
timate whorl is constricted, about as wide as the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus
is closed in adult (umbilical crack mentioned by I.
Rensch 1937 is a variable character). The constric¬
tion is poorly defined by presence of a shallow im¬
pression and a zone of stronger sinuous axial ribs.
The constriction situated on same axis with the
columellar side of the aperture. The teleoconch is
sculptured with comparatively fine dense sinuous
axial ribs. The ribs are variable: more or less equally
spaced throughout the teleoconch and more wide¬
ly-spaced on the early whorls. The ribs becoming
stronger and more widely-spaced on the last half
whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls. The ribs range from straight
to oblique to the coiling axis. There are 8-12 ribs
per 1 mm. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is
not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular and has
entire apertural rim. In apertural view the position
of the aperture is more or less central below the
coiling axis or is slightly shifted left. The peristome
is double, consists of several dense lamellae in lat¬
eral view. The parietal margin of the peristome is
completely attached to the ultimate whorl. The in¬
ner peristome forms a broad continuous polished
callus. The palatal margins of both peristomes are
slightly sinuous. In certain specimens the outer
peristome expands strongly beyond the inner one.
The columella is broad and smooth, provided with
obliquely twisted horizontal columellaris in its basal
fourth. The columellaris is directed outwards but is
not visible in the aperture. The operculum is deriva¬
tive - circular and transparent, in a form of a flying
disc (impressed on the outer surface), without con¬
centric lines.
Ecology: This species occurs in secondary lowland
rainforests. New Britain Island was initially covered
by primary lowland to mid montane rainforests.
Distribution: Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO. The
maximum EDO for this species estimated 145000
km^ taking into account the area of New Britain,
New Ireland and adjacent islets. The current AGO
is 4 km^. The maximum AGO is likely significantly
higher, but definitively below the threshold of 500
km^. The population size and trend are unknown,
but Rensch I. (1937) stated this species was found
in large quantities. Threats for this species are
unknown. Further research is required to uncover
present distribution, evaluate population size and
highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) obiensis sp. nov. (Figs 79, 138-139,
plate 43 figs 1-5, map 6)
httD://zoobank.org/AADA0676-CFDD-4F61-9DCl-
1B83463F2DEB
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas, Obi
Islands, Obira Is., S part, Wayaloar vill. NE ~4 km,
l°4rorS, 127°36’13”E, 16.XII.2013, primary and
disturbed rainforest, leg. L. Wagner.
Pa retypes 42 specimens: 1 subadult KGC: same la¬
bel as holotype; 15 adults, 1 subadult & 7 Juv. UF: UF
426419 Molluscs, Diplommatinidae 22-spec. Palaina
sp. 13 Indonesia, Maluku Utara Province Obi Island, bor¬
der of garden and rainforest 2.3 km N of Woi gardens
and rainforest 150 meters -1.7045° 127.6067° John
Slapcinsky 26 Oct 2008, JDS-0942 dry FLORIDA MUSE¬
UM OF NATURAL HISTORY [some of paratypes are badly
broken]; 14 adults & 1 Juv. UF, 3 adult KGC: UF 426284
Molluscs, Diplommatinidae 17-spec. Palaina Indonesia,
Maluku Utara Province Obi Island, border of garden and
rainforest 2.3 km N of Woi gardens and rainforest 150
meters -1.7045° 127.6067° John Slapcinsky 26 Oct
2008, JDS-0942 75% ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species is
named after Obi Islands, its area of origin.
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.1 mm, D = 1.3
mm, HW = 1.3 mm, PD = 0.9 mm. Paratype from
locus typicus: H = 2.1 mm, D = 1.3 mm, HW = 1.15
mm, PD = 0.75 mm. Selected paratypic specimens
from Woi vill. env.: H = 2.3 mm, D = 1.4 mm, HW =
1.3 mm, PD = 0.95 mm; H = 2.3 mm, D = 1.4 mm,
HW = 1.3 mm, PD = 0.9 mm; H = 2.2 mm, D = 1.3
mm, HW = 1.25 mm, PD = 0.9 mm.
Description: Shell is small, pale brown or white,
sinistral, cylindrical with conical apex. Shell with 6
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is constricted, about as wide as
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The um-
248
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
bilious is closed in adult. The constriction is well
defined by presence of a short shallow innpression,
denser pattern and height reduction in axial ribs
and suture deeply innpressed above the constric¬
tion. The constriction situated on sanne axis with
the colunnellar side of the aperture. The teleoconch
is sculptured with lannella-like and widely-spaced
straight ribs. The ribs beconning nnuch stronger,
higher and sonnewhat nnore widely-spaced on the
last half whorl. There are abrupt changes in the rib¬
bing pattern at the constriction area (see above).
The ribs are partially synchronized with those of the
previous whorls and are slightly oblique to the coil¬
ing axis. There are 4-5 ribs per 0.5 mm but about
10-12 ribs per 0.5 mm at the constriction. Spiral
striae are lacking at 300x magnification on younger
whorls. On older teleoconch whorls a very delicate
spiral striae are present at 300x magnification (4-5
rows of spiral striae per 30 pm). The aperture is
not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is double, thin in lateral view.
The parietal margin of the peristome is attached
to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms
a narrow continuous polished callus. The outer
peristome is broadly discontinued parietally. The
palatal margin of the outer peristome is somewhat
sinuous. In fully grown specimens the area of the
parietal / palatal junction of the outer peristome ex¬
pands into an obtuse protruding. The columella is
smooth, slightly twisted medially and provided with
a flat glass-like semitransparent basal knob. The
operculum is derivative - circular and transparent,
concave on the outer surface and with a rudiment
of a concentric line.
Differential diagnosis: This species is distinc¬
tive among all other congeners due to the combi¬
nation of the following characters: axial ribs wide¬
ly-spaced, rather high and lamella-like becoming
much denser at the constriction. Spiral striae are
lacking at 300x magnification on early whorls but is
present on early whorls, the columella is provided
with outwards directed basal knob.
Ecology: This species inhabits both primary and
disturbed lowland rainforest and gardens.
Distribution: Southernmost North Moluccas: Obi-
ra Island of Obi Islands group.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species known from southern part of Obira, the
main island of Obi group. Not enough data avail¬
able to calculate current EOO. The total area of Obi
Islands is about 5100 km^. It is very unlikely Palai-
na obiensis sp. nov. occurs all over Obi Islands and
only small fractions of Obi rainforests known to be
located on limestone soils. Consequently, the maxi¬
mum EOO for this species is certainly below 5000
km^. The current AOO is 8 km^, but the maximum
AOO estimated up to 2000 km^. The area of Obi
Islands covered by rainforests is decreasing con¬
tinuously, between 2001 and 2014 about 11000
ha of the rainforest were lost (calculated for canopy
density over 25% according to the Global Forest
Watch (2016)). Considering rapidly growing human
population of the Moluccas together with presence
of large nickel mine in W Obira (which attract ad¬
ditional workers from other regions of Indonesia),
this trend is likely to continue. On the other hand, P.
obiensis sp. nov. found also in gardens and second¬
ary rainforests. There is no confirmation the popu¬
lation is suffering from habitat degradation. Two
location are known. Additional basic research is
required. Threats to be highlighted for this species.
Palaina (s. I.) onin sp. nov. (Fig. 80, plate 43 figs
6-12, map 27)
httD://zoobank.org/AD43FC3E-721E-4046-B97D-
050AAF383939
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, West PAPUA, Onin Pen¬
insula, Fak-Fak 10 km E, 2°56’32”S, 132°23’0rE,
Sakarteman vill. 1-4 km W, River Sakarteman valley,
350-450 m, 26.IX.2010, primary lowland rainforest on
limestone, leg. K.Greke.
Pa retypes 12 specimens: 2 adults, 2 subadult & 2 Juv.
KGC, 1 adult, 2 subadults & 4 Juv. NME: same label as
holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species is
named after Onin Peninsula and a local language
in the area where this species occurs. Noun in ap¬
position, invariable.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 2.4 mm, D = 1.6
mm, FIW = 1.8 mm, PD = 1.2 mm. Selected para-
typic specimen FI = 2.35 mm, D = 1.6 mm, FIW =
1.5 mm, PD = 1 mm.
Description: Shell is small, yellowish to pale
brown, sinistral, obese with conical apex. Shell
with 5V2 strongly convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic
whorl is smooth. The suture is deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is strongly constricted, narrower
than the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction is well
defined by a short zone of stronger oblique and
denser axial ribs and the suture with a cavity-like
impression above the constriction. The constric¬
tion is more or less centered in apertural view. The
protoconch is placed oblique on the rest of the
shell. The teleoconch is sculptured with very deli¬
cate dense slightly sinuous axial ribs. There are no
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are
not synchronized with those of the previous whorls
and are slightly oblique to the coilingaxis. There are
6-7 ribs per 0.5 nnnn. The ribs beconning nnore dis¬
tant and coarser on the last half whorl. Spiral striae
are distinct, delicate and dense. The aperture is
not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular and has
entire apertural rinn. The aperture is nnore or less
centered below the penultinnate whorl in apertural
view. The peristonne is double, thick in lateral view.
The parietal nnargin of the peristonne is attached
to the ultinnate whorl. The inner peristonne fornns a
continuous polished callus. The colunnellar nnargin
of the inner peristonne is sinuous or slightly sinu¬
ous. The outer peristonne is thick (in lateral view),
provided with two obtuse protrudings - one on each
the palatal and the colunnellar nnargins (Plate 43
figs 6, 8-9). The palatal and the colunnellar nnargins
of the outer peristonne are sinuous. The basal nnar¬
gin of the outer peristonne is reflexed. The colunnel-
la is snnooth, narrow and provided with a nnedian
colunnellaris. The operculunn is derivative - thin and
transparent, in a fornn of a flying disc with raised
nnargin, snnall and narrow f-like nnedian protruding
(“handler”) on the inner surface, bears concentric
lines.
Differential diagnosis: This species is concho-
logically very sinnilar to Palaina bicornis van Ben-
thenn Jutting, 1958 and P. misoolensis sp. nov.
(both fronn Misool Island), but is specifically differ¬
ent (consider characters discussed in table 16).
Table 16. Papuan species of Palaina s. I. sinnilar to P. onin sp. nov. and their distinctive characters.
Ecology: This species was found in prinnary low¬
land rainforest on linnestone in leaf litter on the un¬
dersides of fallen leaves. Reported fronn altitudes
of 350-450 nn.
Distribution: New Guinea: Onin Peninsula.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOO.
The nnaxinnunn EOO estinnated over 4000 knn^ tak¬
ing into account the area of Onin Peninsula and
available habitat. The current AOO is 4 knn^. The
nnaxinnunn AOO is likely nnuch higher. The popula¬
tion size and trend are unknown. Onin Peninsula is
still very pristine and covered by prinnary rainforests
for over 75%. However, hunnan population is grow¬
ing and local developnnent is ongoing, especially in
coastal areas. Hitherto no large scale deforestation
docunnented for Onin Peninsula. Significant decline
in EOO, AOO or quality of habitat cannot be pro¬
jected for this species within next 10 years. Further
research is required on distribution of this species,
its population trend and on threats.
Palaina (s. I.) papuamontis sp. nov. (Fig. 81, plate
43 figs 13-20, nnap 27)
httD://zoobank.org/lA31D4CB-CE9D-4103-B655-
8A596ED7BA7C
Holotype UF (No 508075): UF 475413 Mollusca,
Diplommatinidae, 6-spec. Palaina Papua New Guinea,
Hela province Kielokana, 3.9 knn SW of Tangi 2172 nne-
ters nnossy pandanas [sic!] forest -5.6683° 142.624°
3 Apr 2009, JDS-0974 John Slapcinsky, Robert Lesley
75% ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
[printed] / JS 974 [handwritten].
Pa retypes 31 specinnens: 5 adults & 1 subadult UF:
sanne labels as holotype; 16 adults, 4 subadults & 1
Juv. UF, 4 adults KGC: UF 475459 Mollusca, Diplonnnna-
tinidae, 2-spec. Palaina Papua New Guinea, Hela prov¬
ince large sinkhole, 6.1 knn SW of Tangi 2400 nneters
forested sinkhole -5.6781°, 142.6161° 4 Apr 2009,
JDS-0975 John Slapcinsky, Robert Lesley 75% ethanol
FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY [printed] / JS-
975 [handwritten].
Derivatio nonninis: This species is nanned fronn
a connbination of Papua + Latin “nnontis” [nnount],
what should point on a connection with New Guin¬
ean nnountains where this new species occurs.
Noun in apposition, invariable.
250
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2.2 nnnn, D = 1.3
mm, HW = 1.2 mm, PD = 0.8 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 2.25 mm, D = 1.4 mm, HW =
1.25 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 2.2 mm, D = 1.2 mm,
HW = 1.2 mm, PD = 0.75 mm; H = 2.1 mm, D = 1.2
mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.7 mm; H = 1.95 mm, D
= 1.2 mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.75 mm; H = 1.95
mm, D = 1.15 mm, HW = 1.2 mm, PD = 0.7 mm;
H = 1.9 mm, D = 1.1 mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.7
mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish, yellowish or
pale brown, sinistral, cylindrical, with conical apex.
Shell with 5V2 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic
whorl is microgranulate. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted, nearly
as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
Umbilicus is very narrowly open in adult, perspec¬
tive. The constriction is very poorly defined by a
short zone of slightly denser axial ribs. The con¬
striction is more or less centered in apertural view.
The teleoconch is sculptured with delicate dense
straight axial ribs. The ribs becoming very flat and
slightly curved on the upper part of the teleoconch
whorls (Plate 43 fig. 17). Therefore a narrow smooth
spiral line developed on the top of all teleoconch
whorls. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls and are straight or almost
straight to the coiling axis. There are 9-11 ribs per
0.5 mm. The ribs becoming stronger but not more
distant on the last half whorl. Spiral striae are
very delicate and dense. The aperture is not tilted
against the coiling axis, ascending, circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is simple, forms a narrow con¬
tinuous polished callus which is discontinued pari-
etally. There are 2-3 strong lamellae on tuba near
the peristome in lateral view. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
The margins of the peristome are not sinuous. The
columella is smooth and broad, with a flat median
callus which is directed backwards. The operculum
is derivative - circular, rather high, consist of several
layers of concentric ridges, with a medial hollow on
the inner surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is concho-
logically very similar to Palaina citrinella van Ben-
them Jutting, 1963 (northern New Guinea: Lake
Sentani surroundings) but differs specifically in
smaller shell (2.25 mm compared to 3.5 mm in P.
citrinella) with narrowly open umbilicus (the umbi¬
licus is closed in P. citrinella) and axial ribs disap¬
pearing on the top of the teleoconch whorls (axial
ribs are complete in P. citrinella). Palaina erythrope-
plos van Benthem Jutting, 1958 (Misool Island) is
similar in shell shape and narrowly open umbilicus
but is significantly larger (H = 3.4-4 mm), has the
ultimate whorl significantly broader than the pen¬
ultimate whorl (in apertural view) and the aperture
is broader in this species than in P. papuamontls
sp. nov.
Ecology: This species occurs in primary mid mon¬
tane rainforests at altitudes about 2050-2200 m.
Distribution: Central Cordillera: Hela Province of
PNG.
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO.
The maximum ECO for this species estimated about
1000 km^ taking into account the area of mid mon¬
tane rainforests around the locus typicus. The cur¬
rent AGO is 8 km^, maximum AGO estimated much
less than 500 km^. According to the Global Forest
Watch (2016), montane area covered by rainforest
around the locus typicus of Palaina papuamontls
sp. nov. is currently stable and almost unaffected
by deforestation, but deforestation is rapidly ongo¬
ing in lower areas -adjacent valleys. Hitherto, major
threats are unknown for P. papuamontls sp. nov.
and further research activities are required to eval¬
uate population size, trend and highlight threats.
Palaina (s. str.) papuanorum Soos, 1911 (Plate 43
figs 21-24, map 26)
Lectotype NMNL: Sattelberg.
References: Soos (1911: 349); Leschke (1912a:
145); van Benthem Jutting (1963: 703); Wiktor
(1998: 19), lectotype designation.
Measurements: Lectotype H = 2.4 mm, D = 1.3
mm, HW = 1.2 mm, PD = 1 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish with corneous
coloured apical whorls, sinistral, rather broadly con¬
ical with conical apex. Shell with 5V2 slightly convex
whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically
pitted. The suture is deeply impressed. The penulti¬
mate whorl is large and bulbous. The ultimate whorl
is constricted, descending, it is much narrower than
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbi¬
licus is closed in adult. The constriction is well de¬
fined by a shallow impression and a zone of denser
placed axial ribs. The constriction is more or less
centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with coarse distant straight or slightly sinu¬
ous axial ribs. The ribs are 2-3x denser on earlier
whorls. The ribs becoming dense on the apertural
side of the ultimate whorl and getting very widely-
spaced again on the rest of tuba. There are abrupt
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
changes in the ribbing pattern - early whorls with
denser axial ribs which beconne abruptly replaced
by distant ribs on last two whorls. The ribs are par¬
tially synchronized with those of the previous whorls
and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are 9 ribs
per 1 nnnn, but twice nnore at the constriction. Spiral
striae are very delicate. The aperture is not tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire
apertural rinn. The aperture is shifted left against
the coiling axis in apertural view. The peristonne is
double, with a zone of dense irregularly sinuous la-
nnellae on the ultinnate whorl prior the aperture in
lateral view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is not fully attached to the ultimate whorl. The in¬
ner peristome forms a broad continuous polished
callus. No specimens were available to study the
internal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: According to its original description, type
series collected “in woods, under fallen leaves”
Soos (1911).
Distribution: New Guinea: northern (West Sepik
Province, PNG) and eastern (Morobe Province,
PNG) coast.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species known from over 100 years old record and
has not been collected again. Its distribution, habi¬
tat and threats remain unknown.
Remark: 25 specimens mentioned by Soos (1911)
for the type series and Seleo Island (small islet off¬
shore northern New Guinea) is given as the locus
typicus. Wiktor (1998) designated one specimen
from Sattelberg (Huon Gulf, eastern New Guinea)
as the lectotype saying “there exist [sci!] only a
single specimen, designated as a syntype, that has
been transferred from L. Soos’s collection to that
of Amsterdam”. Another 24 syntypes got lost in the
fire in the Hungarian Natural History Museum. It
remains unknown why the present lectotype has a
different label from what is mentioned in the origi¬
nal description of this species.
Palaina (s. I.) paradisaea sp. nov. (Fig. 82, plate 44
figs 1-7, map 21)
httD://zoobank.org/C6A7FEDl-AE26-463A-B812-
3BF23F66B9D6
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Is¬
land, Majalibit Bay, Waisai 19 knn NE, River Werabiai val¬
ley, 00°18’02”S, 130°56’00”E, 40-60 m, 20.11.2012,
prinnary lowland rainforest on linnestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 9 specinnens: 4 adults KGC & 3 adults
NME: sanne label as holotype; 2 adults KGC: INDONE¬
SIA E, Raja Annpat, Waigeo Island, Waisai 10 knn NWW,
00°24’46”S, 130°44’irE, 70-200 m, 19.11.2012, pri¬
mary lowland rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: This species was found near
the lekking ground of Wilson’s bird-of-paradise
therefore the name for this new species should
point to the habitat connection of this tiny soil snail
and the Bird-of-paradise. The name may also refer
to Raja Ampat enigmatic landscape and untouched
nature.
Measurements: Holotype H = 1.9 mm, D = 1.1
mm, HW = 0.95 mm, PD = 0.8 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens from type locality: H = 1.95 mm, D
= 1.15 mm, HW = 0.95 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 1.8
mm, D = 1.15 mm, HW = 0.95 mm, PD = 0.8 mm;
H = 1.8 mm, D = 1.1 mm, HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.75
mm. Selected paratype from 10 km NWW Waisai: H
= 2 mm, D = 1.15 mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.9 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, pink, yellowish or
pale brown, sinistral, cylindrical with flattened apex.
Shell with 5V4 convex whorls, the IV4 embryonic
whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is rather
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl strongly con¬
stricted, nearly as wide as the penultimate whorl in
apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction is poorly defined by shallow impression
on the suture above it. The constriction situated on
same axis with the columellar side of the aperture.
The teleoconch is sculptured with delicate dense
straight axial ribs. There are abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern - the ribs becoming coarser and
twice more distant beyond the constriction. The
ribs are not synchronized with those of the previous
whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are
12-13 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are delicate,
very dense. The aperture is not tilted to the coil¬
ing axis and is circular and has entire apertural rim.
The aperture is more or less centered below the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The peristome
is double, thick in lateral view. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The palatal and columellar margins of the
inner peristome are strongly sinuous, of the outer
peristome - less strongly sinuous. The inner peri¬
stome provided with obtuse ear-like protrudings on
the parietal / palatal and the columellar / parietal
Junctions (Plate 44 figs 1, 3-4). The outer peristome
is broadly discontinued parietally. The columella is
smooth and glass-like semitransparent, provided
with a large backwards directed knob all along its
length. The operculum is derivative - in a form of a
flying disc, with raised margin and concentric lines.
Differential diagnosis: This species is distinc¬
tive among all congeners due to the combination
of the following characters: shell cylindrical, the in¬
ner peristome with two protrudings on the palatal
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
and the colunnellar nnargins, Colunnella with a large
knob which is directed backwards.
Ecology: This species occurs in prinnary lowland
rainforests on linnestone soils at altitudes 40-200
nn. Specinnens observed in wet leaf litter and under
decaying wood at base of linnestone outcrops and
in deep leaf litter accunnulated at buttress roots of
large trees.
Distribution: Raja Annpat Islands: Waigeo Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. This
species inhabits both western and eastern penin¬
sulas of Waigeo, hitherto recorded fronn localities
in the southern part of the island. Not enough data
available to calculate current ECO. The nnaxinnunn
ECO estinnated below 5000 knn^ (the area of Waigeo
Island and adjacent islets considering available
habitat). The current AGO is 8 km^, but nnaxinnunn
AGO estinnated below 500 km^. The population size
is unknown, but P. paradisaea sp. nov. is locally
abundant. The population is not yet fragmented.
The main threats are habitat lost and altering due
to conversion of rainforests into gardens, timber
collecting and small-scale logging. Growing human
population of southern Waigeo and increasing tour¬
ism in the area (both national and international)
demand more gardens, roads and resorts. Waigeo
got a regency capital of Raja Ampat administrative
province of Indonesia resulting in boosting develop¬
ment. Waigeo is rich in limestone rocks which are
widely used for roads and buildings construction.
Growing population (partly a result of immigration
from other islands of Indonesia) requires more
firewood and charcoal. P. paradisaea sp. nov. was
not observed in disturbed forests but probably will
survive also in a secondary lowland rainforests with
closed canopy (wet litter is the key). Between 2001-
2014 south-western Waigeo lost Just about 1100
ha of the rainforest (calculated for canopy density
over 25% according to the Global Forest Watch
(2016)) but not in the area where P. paradisaea sp.
nov. occurs. Therefore I can’t project significant de¬
cline in AGO or ECO for this species within next 10
years. Additional basic research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) perspectiva sp. nov. (Figs 83-84,
plate 44 figs 8-11, map 24)
httD://zoobank.org/BlFE2EC8-6207-4FF8-BCC0-
AF0C98EA46B5
Flolotype NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Doberai
Peninsula, Ayamaru vill. -15,5-14 km N, 1°08’04”S,
132°10’59”E to 1°09’29S, 132°11’30”E, -275-250
m, 02.IX.2015, primary lowland rainforest on limestone,
leaf litter, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retype 1 adult KGC: same label as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Named from Latin “perspec-
to” to point out wide shell umbilicus of this species.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 2.6 mm, D = 1.85
mm, FIW = 1.6 mm, PD = 1.4 mm. Paratype FI = 2.8
mm, D = 1.9 mm, FIW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.35 mm.
Description: Shell is small, white (body yellow),
sinistral, conical with a conical apex. Shell com¬
posed of 5% convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic
whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply
impressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted and
is about as wide as the penultimate whorl in ap-
ertural view. The umbilicus in adult shells is very
broadly open and perspective for about one whorl.
The constriction is well defined by a short shallow
impression and much denser pattern of axial ribs.
The constriction situated on same axis with the
columellar side of the aperture. The protoconch
is placed oblique on the rest of the shell. The te-
leoconch is sculptured with coarse widely-spaced
and distinctly sinuous axial ribs (like high lamellae).
The ribs becoming coarser and more widely-spaced
on the last half whorl. At the constriction the ribs
are 3x denser. The ribs are not synchronized with
those on the previous whorls and are oblique to the
coiling axis. There are 5-6 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral
striae are very delicate and dense. The aperture
is not tilted against the coiling axis is circular and
has entire peristomal rim. The aperture is shifted
left against the coiling axis in apertural view. The
peristome is double and thin in lateral view. The
ultimate whorl with a broad zone of dense lamel¬
lae prior to the aperture. The parietal margin of the
inner peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The outer peristome is broadly discontinued
parietally. The palatal, basal and columellar mar¬
gins of both peristomes are sinuous or slightly sinu¬
ous. The columella is broad, strongly widening at
base. Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This is very distinctive
species due to the strongly left shifted aperture,
lamella-like axial ribs and broadly open umbilicus.
Ecology: Specimens sampled from leaf litter in pri¬
mary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Distribution: New Guinea: lowlands of Doberai
Peninsula.
Conservation status: Near Threatened, NT. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO.
The maximum ECO for this species estimated
8-10000 km^ taking into account its possible dis¬
tribution on southern Doberai Peninsula. The cur¬
rent AGO is 4 km^, but maximum AGO estimated
significantly larger. The population size is unknown,
but this species was only found at one site in the
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
region, where over 25 sites were sannpled. Habitat
loss and the decline in habitat quality caused by
logging, mining, and conversion of forests into gar¬
dens and plantations, as well as due expansion of
settlements in lowland areas are the main threats.
Between 2001 and 2014 more than 10000 ha of
rainforest were lost in S Doberai (calculated for
25% canopy density, according to the Global For¬
est Watch (2016)). Continuing decline in extent and
quality of habitat is observed and projected taking
into account constantly growing human population
of Doberai Peninsula. Further basic research is es¬
sential in order to clarify population size and trend
and highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) polystoma B. Rensch, 1931 (Figs 85
& 98, plate 44 figs 12-20, map 14)
Holotype MHUB: Sunda-Expedition Rensch Fundort:
[printed] Rana Mere (12-1300 m) W. Flores [handwrit¬
ten] Datum: [printed] 19.-29.6.27 [handwritten] No:
[printed] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin [printed] Palaina
polystoma Rensch * Rana Mere, W. Flores 19.-29.6.27.
Rensch leg 75441 [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museum Ber¬
lin. Typus von: [printed] Palaina polystoma Rensch Zool.
Jahrb. Syst., 61, p. 395, Fig. 15,1931 [handwritten] [la¬
bel red].
Additional material: 3 KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa
Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt., 08°37.321’S,
120°31.463’E, 1535 m, 08.111.2011, primary lower
montane rainforest, soil sample No 1, leg. A.Riedel; 4
KGC & 2 NME: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is.,
Gn. Ranaka mt, 08°38.099’S, 120°31.745’E, 2205
m, 09.111.2011, primary mid montane rainforest, soil
sample No 3, leg. A.Riedel; 1 KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa
Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt., 08°37.781’S,
120°31.184’E, 1730 m, 10.111.2011, primary mid mon¬
tane rainforest, soil sample No 8, leg. A.Riedel; 4 KGC:
INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt,
08°37.64rS, 120°31.204’E, 1685 m, 10.111.2011, pri¬
mary lower montane rainforest, soil sample No 9, leg.
A.Riedel; 4 KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is.,
Gn. Ranaka mt, 08°37’48.rS, 120°31.4rE, 1610 m,
10.111.2011, primary lower montane rainforest, soil sam¬
ple No 10, leg. A.Riedel; 8 KGC & 8 NME: INDONESIA,
Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Gn. Ranaka mt, 08°37.386’S,
120°31.156’E, 1575 m, 10.111.2011, primary lower
montane rainforest, soil sample No 11, leg. A.Riedel;
1 KGC: INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara, Flores Is., Tebedo,
08°29.848’S, 119°59.633’E, 525 m, 14.111.2011, pri¬
mary lowland rainforest, soil sample No 1, leg. A.Riedel.
References: Rensch B. (1931: 390).
Measurennents: Holotype H = 3.5 nnnn, D = 1.95
mnn, HW = 1.8 nnnn, PD = 1.5 nnnn. Selected speci-
nnens fronn Mt Ranaka, Flores Island: H = 3.5 nnm,
D = 1.9 nnm, PD = 1.55 mm; H = 3.3 mm, D = 1.85
mm, PD = 1.55 mm; H = 3.3 mm, D = 1.9 mm, PD
= 1.6 mm; H = 3.1 mm, D = 1.8 mm, PD = 1.5 mm.
Specimen from Tebedo, Flores Island: H = 3.9 mm,
D = 2.2 mm, PD = 1.65 mm.
Description: Shell is large, pale brown, dextral,
cylindrical with conical apex. Shell with 7 convex
whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically
pitted. The suture is moderately deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is constricted, as wide as the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus
is closed in adult The constriction is delimited by
a flat impression. The constriction is more or less
centered in apertural view. There is a strong bulb
Just beyond the constriction above the columellar
side of the aperture. The teleoconch is sculptured
with fine very dense straight or slightly sinuous ax¬
ial ribs. The ribs becoming very widely-spaced and
strong on the last half whorl. There are no abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not syn¬
chronized with those of the previous whorls and are
oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 35 ribs
per 1 mm, but about 22 ribs on the apertural side
of the ultimate whorl. Spiral striae are lacking. The
aperture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is oval
and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more
or less centered below the penultimate whorl in
apertural view. The peristome is double, very thick
in lateral view and consists of numerous delicate
lamellae. The parietal margin of the peristome is
attached to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome
forms a very broad continuous polished callus. The
margins of the inner peristome are not or slightly
sinuous. The outer peristome is broadly discontin¬
ued parietally, its palatal margin is slightly sinuous.
The columella is shny, slightly twisted and widened
basally, provided with a small glass-like semitrans¬
parent basal callus. The columella is visible in the
aperture in a form of a flat callus. The operculum
is derivative - circular with concentric ridges on the
outer surface.
Ecology: This species inhabits primary lowland,
lower and mid montane rainforests up to 2200 m
altitude. Specimens occur in wet leaf litter, usually
on undersides of fallen leaves.
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores Island.
Conservation status: Endangered, EN
B2ab(ii,iii). The current EDO is -400 km^. The maxi¬
mum EDO estimated -15000 km^ taking into ac¬
count the area of Flores and adjacent islands. The
current AGO is about 21 km^, however the maxi¬
mum AGO is likely higher, but definitively below 500
km^. The population size and trend are unknown,
but Palaina polystoma is not uncommon in primary
rainforests on Flores. The population is not severely
fragmented, but the grade of fragmentation is likely
254
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
to increase. The nnain threats for this species are
loss and altering of the habitat due to tinnber collect¬
ing, snnall-scale logging and expansion of gardens.
This results in habitat alteration, fragnnentation
and decline in the AGO. Growing hunnan population
of Flores connbined with more frequent and longer
dry periods caused by global warming and El Nino
weather patterns will likely have continued nega¬
tive effect on the remaining natural rainforests of
Flores. Between 2001 and 2014, Flores, its adja¬
cent islands of Lembata, Adonara, Solor and Rinca
lost almost 29000 ha of rainforest (calculated for
canopy density over 25% according to the Global
Forest Watch (2016)). This trend is likely to cause a
continuing decline in the AGO. There are two known
locations for P. polystoma.
Palaina (s. I.) ponsonbyi Sykes, 1903 (Plate 44 figs
21-25, map 20)
Holotype BMNH: Diplom. sp. [original correction] Palai¬
na ponsonbyi Svkes Waigiou I. 1903.7.11.30-2 [hand¬
written] / ponsonbyi, Svkes. Waigiou I. [handwritten].
Pa raty pes 5 adults: 2 BMNH: same labels as holotype;
1 MMUE: [one circular label with written on both sides]
D. (Palaina) ponsonbyi Sykes Waigiou. Cotype [handwrit¬
ten, upper side] EE3846. Diplommatina Palaina ponson¬
byi Sykes Waigiou Co-type [handwritten, under side] /
1028 [printed]; 2 FMNH: 72960 [printed] / 72960 FIELD
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY MOLLUSCA: DIPLOM¬
MATINIDAE 2 dry spec. Paratype(s): Palaina ponsonbyi
Sykes, 1903 Sta. FMNH72960, Indonesia, West Papua,
New Guinea, Waigiou ex F.F. La id law ex E.R. Sykes (Acc.#
11666) [printed].
Additional material 10 adults, 2 subadult & ljuv.
LKCNHM: Indonesia: West Papua [sic!], Waigeo, Lopin-
tol, Gua Kalepale. Leg. T. Whitten, Jan. 2013.
References: Sykes (1903a: 66); Sykes (1903b:
78, pi. 6 fig. 13); van Benthem Jutting (1963: 703).
Measurements: Holotype H = 4.8 mm, D = 2.4
mm, HW = 2.3 mm, PD = 2 mm; Selected speci¬
mens from Lopintol vilL: H = 4.75 mm, D = 2.5 mm,
HW = 2.3 mm, PD = 1.6 mm; H = 4.6 mm, D = 2.4
mm, HW = 2.1 mm, PD = 1.6 mm; H = 4.5 mm, D =
2.2 mm, HW = 2.35 mm, PD = 1.7 mm.
Description: Shell is very large, pale brown,
sinistral, high conical with conical apex. Shell
with 7 convex whorls, the 1% embryonic whorl is
microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted, about
as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is well delimited by a short, moderately deep im¬
pression and abruptly changing ribbing pattern (the
axial ribs becoming denser at the constriction). The
constriction is more or less centered in apertural
view. The teleoconch is sculptured with coarse
dense irregular sinuous axial ribs. The ribs widen
lamella-like on the uper parts and bent in a direc¬
tion opposite to the coiling axis. In holotype, the ribs
becoming very distant and strong on the last half
whorl (however, this specimen has a kind of aber¬
rant shell). The ribs are conspicuously less strong in
paratypic specimen from MMUE. There are abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern in the (aberrant) ho¬
lotype only (see above), but not in recent material or
paratypes. The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls and are oblique to strongly
oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 9-12
ribs per 1 mm, but -14-16 ribs per 1 mm at the
constriction. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture
is not tilted against the coiling axis, is circular and
has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or
less centered below the penultimate whorl in aper¬
tural view or is slightly shifted left. The peristome is
double and broad, consists of several thin lamellae.
The parietal margin of the peristome is attached
to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome forms
a continuous polished callus, expands and covers
over a half of the ultimate whorl in apertural view.
The margins of the inner peristome are not sinuous
or the palatal margin is slightly sinuous. The outer
peristome is broadly discontinued parietally (not in
MMUE paratype), its palatal margin is slightly sinu¬
ous. The columella is simple and flat. Gperculum is
unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Waigeo Island is covered by
primary lowland rainforests on limestone soils.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo Island,
Majalibit Bay. Co-ordinates of Gua [cave] Kalepale
are 00°17’18”S, 130°49’15”E, but no information
is available where exactly these specimens were
sampled.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from four specimens collected
over 115 years ago as well as from a small series of
recently collected material. Exact locality on Waigeo
is unknown for historical specimens. Not enough
data available to calculate current EGG. The cur¬
rent AOG is 4 km^. The maximum EOG is definitively
below the threshold of 500 km^ (the total area of
Waigeo and adjacent islets considering available
habitat). Further research is required on population
size of this species and its threats.
Palaina (s. I.) propinqua van Benthem Jutting,
1963 (Plate 44 figs 26-29, map 27)
Holotype NMNL: Papua, Biak, Jobdi, Afd. Mariniers
Nieuw Guinea, 1953.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Pa raty pes 4 adults NMNL: Yapen Island, sago swannp
near Sarnni, along road to the airport.
References: van Benthenn Jutting (1963: 708, pi.
29 fig. 29).
Measurennents: Holotype H = 3.3 nnnn, D = 2.1
mm, HW = 1.65 mm, PD = 1.6 mm.
Description: Shell is large, whitish, sinistral,
obese with flattened apex. Shell with 6 strongly
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is moderately deeply
impressed. The penultimate whorl is slightly bul¬
bous. The ultimate whorl slightly constricted and
ascending, narrower than the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult.
The constriction is well defined by a broad impres¬
sion. The constriction is more or less centered in
apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse dense sinuous axial ribs. The ribs becom¬
ing more widely-spaced and strong on the last half
whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling
axis. There are about 10-11 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral
striae are lacking. The aperture is not tilted to the
coiling axis and is circular and has entire apertural
rim. The aperture is more or less centered below
the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The peri¬
stome is double, thick in lateral view and consists
of several thin lamellae. The parietal margin of
the peristome is not fully attached to the ultimate
whorl. The inner peristome forms a very broad con¬
tinuous polished callus, expands and covers most
of the ultimate whorl. The columellar margins of
both peristomes are slightly sinuous. No specimens
were available to study the internal lamellae. Oper¬
culum is unknown.
Ecology: On Yapen this species was sampled in
sago swamp.
Distribution: Cenderawasih Bay Islands: Biak Is¬
land, Yapen Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOO and
AOO. The maximum EOO for this species is not clear
since P. propinqua is not limited to Biak Island and
also inhabits Yapen. The fauna of Yapen is shared
with Waropen region of New Guinea. Since this spe¬
cies was found in coastal sago swamp on Yapen
and taking into account that most of Waropen re¬
gion is also swampy, occurrence of P. propinqua on
this part of New Guinea could not be excluded. The
maximum AOO estimated over the threshold of 500
km^. This species is known from a series sampled
about 70 years ago and has not been collected
again. Threats for this species are unknown. Sago
swamps are generally not threatened in the Pap¬
uan Region. Further research is required to high¬
light status of P. propinqua in the wild, calculate
population size, clarify its trend and clarify threats
for the population.
Palaina (s. I.) psittricha sp. nov. (Figs 86 & 142,
plate 45 figs 1-9, map 16)
http://zoobank.org/5A4090D4-4D57-44B0-91CD-
E5FE5F1A9B54
Flolotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Am pat, Misool Is¬
land (central). River Gam upstream, Gamta vill. 12-14
km NW, 01°57’50”S, 130°ir09”E, 350 m, 06.11.2012,
primary lowland rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 43 specimens: 28 adults KGC & 10 adults
NME: same label as holotype; 4 adults & ljuv. KGC: IN¬
DONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Misool Island (central). River
Gam upstream, Gamta vill. 12-14 km NW, 01°57’50”S,
130°11’09”E, 350 m, 06.11.2012, primary lowland rain¬
forest, limestone rocks, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: This species is named after
the Papuan endemic Pesquet’s parrot Psittrichas
fuigidus (Lesson, 1830). The first observation of
Pesquet’s parrot from Misool Island (not yet pub¬
lished) was made by Dmitry Telnov at the same day
when Paiaina psittricha sp. nov. specimens were
sampled. This epithet is an adjective.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 1.7 mm, D = 1
mm, FIW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.7 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens from locus typicus: FI = 1.8 mm, D
= 0.95 mm, FIW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.7 mm; FI = 1.65
mm, D = 0.95 mm, FIW = 0.7 mm, PD = 0.6 mm; FI
= 1.65 mm, D = 0.9 mm, FIW = 0.8 mm, PD = 0.7
mm.
Description: Shell is very small, white or yellow
with yellow body, sinistral, cylindrical with conical
apex. Shell with 6 convex whorls, the IV2 embry¬
onic whorl is microscopically pitted. The suture is
deeply impressed. The protoconch is placed some¬
what oblique on the rest of the shell. The ultimate
whorl is slightly constricted, narrower than the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. There is a vague sutural impression
above the constriction. The constriction is more or
less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is
sculptured with delicate dense straight or slightly
sinuous ribs. There are abrupt changes in the rib¬
bing pattern - the ribs becoming coarse and twice
more distant beyond the constriction. The ribs are
not synchronized with those of the previous whorls
and are slightly oblique to the coiling axis. There
are about 9-10 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are
very delicate and dense. The aperture is not tilted
256
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap-
ertural rinn. The position of the aperture is slightly
shifted left the coiling axis in apertural view. The
peristonne is double, thick and consists of several
dense lannellae in lateral view. The parietal nnargin
of the peristonne is attached to the ultinnate whorl.
In certain specinnens the palatal and the colunnel-
lar nnargins of both peristonnes are slightly sinuous.
The inner peristonne fornns a continuous polished
callus. The outer peristonne is broadly discontin¬
ued parietally. The colunnella is sinnple and shiny,
slightly widening basally. The operculunn is deriva¬
tive - circular and high, consist of several layers of
concentric ridges.
Differential diagnosis: Most sinnilar to Pa/a/na
adelpha Soos, 1911 (Eastern New Guinea) and P.
flavocylindrica sp. nov. (Bird’s Neck Isthnnus of New
Guinea; see description of this species above). The
operculunn is sinnple (without concentric ridges) in
P. flavocylindrica sp. nov. and the ultinnate whorl
is not constricted, the aperture is centered below
the penultinnate whorl (the aperture is shifted left
in apertural view in P. psittricha sp. nov.). The axial
ribs are nnuch coarser and distant in P. adelpha,
no dense delicate lannellae present between the
peristonnes in this species, and the ribs beconn-
ing denser and delicate at the constriction (not the
case in P. psittricha sp. nov.).
Ecology: This species occurs in prinnary lowland
rainforests at altitudes about 300-350 nn. Speci¬
nnens were observed in wet leaf litter accunnulated
in cavities of linnestone anticlines fornnations.
Distribution: Raja Annpat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO. The
maximum ECO is estimated less than 2000 km^
taking into account the area of Misool and available
habitat. Current AGO is 4 km^. The maximum AGO
estimated much higher but definitively below 500
km^. The population size and trend are unknown.
However, Palaina psittricha sp. nov. is locally com¬
mon. There is one location. No major threats to this
species have been identified. Misool Island is still
very pristine and covered by primary rainforests for
over 75%. Further research is required on distribu¬
tion of this species as well as on its population size
and trend.
Palaina (s. I.) quadricornis van Benthem Jutting,
1958 (Plate 45 figs 10-14, map 17)
Holotype NMNL: Papua, Misool, Fakal, 0-75 m M. Lief-
tinck, 1948.10.07.
References: van Benthem Jutting (1958a: 295,
317); van Benthem Jutting (1963: 703).
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.8 mm, D = 2.3
mm, HW = 2.4 mm, PD = 1.5 mm. Selected para-
types (according to the original description): H =
4.9 mm, D = 2.4 mm, PD = 1.9 mm; H = 3.9 mm, D
= 2.4 mm, PD = 1.4 mm; H = 3.5 mm, D = 2.4 mm,
PD = 1.4 mm.
Description: Shell is large with very thick wall,
yellowish, greenish, reddish or brownish, yellowish
or greenish, sinistral, very obese with conical apex.
Shell with 6 rather flat whorls (except the penulti¬
mate one), the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopi¬
cally pitted. The suture is rather shallow but dis¬
tinct. The penultimate whorl is slightly bulbous. The
ultimate whorl is strongly constricted and slightly
descending, narrower than the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult.
The constriction is poorly delimited by a broad shal¬
low impression. The constriction is more or less
centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with delicate dense straight ribs. The ribs be¬
coming coarser and more distant on the last half
whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are slightly oblique to the
coiling axis. There are 11-12 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral
striae are very delicate and dense. The aperture is
not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is double. The parietal margin
of the peristome is not fully attached to the ultimate
whorl. The margins of the inner peristome are not
or slightly sinuous. The outer peristome is broadly
discontinued parietally, developed as a broad collar
beyond the inner peristome. There are four obtuse
protrudings on the outer peristome - two basal, one
palatal and one columellar (Plate 45 figs 10-14). All
margins of the outer peristome are strongly sinu¬
ous. No specimens were available to study the in¬
ternal lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Misool Island is covered by pri¬
mary lowland rainforests on mostly limestone soils.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO
and AGO. The maximum ECO is estimated less than
2000 km^ taking into account the area of Misool
and available habitat. The maximum AGO is es¬
timated below 500 km^. The population size and
trend are unknown. P. quadricornis was sampled
from single locality about 70 years ago. It was not
found again by the 2009 and 2012 Misool expedi¬
tions by the Entomological Society of Latvia. Threats
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
for this species are unknown. Misool Island is still
very pristine and covered by prinnary rainforests
for over 75%. Further basic research is required to
clarify status of this species in the wild, understand
its distribution, estinnate population size and high¬
light threats.
Palaina (s. I.) repandostoma van Benthem Jutting,
1963 (Plate 45 figs 15-17, map 26)
Holotype NMNL: Papua, Biak, woonkannp Marine,
L.D.Brongersnna.
References: van Benthem Jutting (1963: 706, pi.
29 fig. 27).
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.35 mm, D = 2.4
mm, HW = 2 mm, PD = 1.7 mm. Selected paratypic
specimens (according to the original description):
H = 3.2 mm, D = 2.4 mm, PD = 1.7 mm; H = 3 mm,
D = 2 mm, PD = 1.5 mm.
Description: Shell is large, creamy coloured,
sinistral, obese with flattened apex. Shell with 5V2
strongly convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl
is microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted and
ascending, it is nearly as wide as the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in
adult. The constriction is well defined by a short dis¬
tinct impression and a cavity-like sutural impression
above the constriction. The constriction is more or
less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is
sculptured with delicate dense straight ribs. The
ribs becoming stronger but not much distant on
the last half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in
the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique to
the coiling axis. There are about 12 ribs per 1 mm.
Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is not tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire
apertural rim. The aperture is shifted left against
the coiling axis in apertural view. The peristome is
indistinctly double, very thick and consists of nu¬
merous thin lamellae in lateral view. The parietal
margin of the peristome is not fully attached to the
ultimate whorl. The palatal and the columellar mar¬
gins of both peristomes are slightly sinuous. The in¬
ner peristome forms a continuous polished callus,
expands and covers most of the ultimate whorl. The
outer peristome is broadly discontinued parietally.
No specimens were available to study the internal
lamellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Type specimens were sampled from leaf
litter.
Distribution: Cenderawasih Bay Islands: Biak Is¬
land.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECO and
AGO. The maximum EGO for this species is estimat¬
ed 7800 km^ taking into account the area of Biak,
Supiori, Numfoor and adjacent islets. The maximum
AGO estimated below the threshold of 500 km^.
This species is known from a small series of speci¬
mens sampled about 70 years ago from two close
localities. Biak is widely known by high proportion
of endemic malacofauna (e.g. van Benthem Jutting
1963). The population size and trend are unknown.
Threats for this species are unknown. Further basic
research is required to highlight status of the spe¬
cies in the wild, estimate the population size and
highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) scaveola van Benthem Jutting, 1958
(Plate 45 figs 18-20, map 16)
Holotype NMNL: Papua, Misool, Waima, 0-75 m,
1948.09.13 M.A. Lieftinck.
References: van Benthem Jutting (1958a: 295,
315); van Benthem Jutting (1963: 704).
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.3 mm, D = 1.3
mm, HW = 1.2 mm, PD = 1 mm. Paratypic speci¬
men (according to the original description): H = 1.9
mm, D = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish, sinistral, cy¬
lindrical with flattened apex. Shell with 5V4 convex
whorls, the 1 embryonic whorl is microscopically
pitted. The suture is moderately deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is constricted and slightly as¬
cending, it is about as wide as the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in
adult. The constriction is well defined by a short
distinct impression, is more or less centered in
apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
delicate very widely-spaced sinuous axial ribs. The
ribs becoming stronger but not more distant on the
last half whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique
to the coiling axis. There are 7 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral
striae are very delicate. The aperture is not tilted
to the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap¬
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
peristome is double, consists of several strong la¬
mellae in lateral view. The parietal margin of the
peristome is not fully attached to the ultimate
whorl. The palatal and the columellar margins of
both peristomes are strongly sinuous. The inner
peristome forms a continuous polished callus, ex¬
pands and covers most of the ultimate whorl. The
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
outer peristonne is broadly discontinued parietally,
with two obtuse protrudings near the palatal / pa¬
rietal and the parietal / colunnellar junctions (Plate
45 figs 18-19). No specinnens were available to
study the internal lannellae. Operculunn is unknown.
Ecology: Unknown. Misool Island is covered by pri¬
mary lowland rainforests on mostly limestone soils.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Misool Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO
and AGO. The maximum EDO estimated below
2000 km^ taking into account the area of Misool
and available habitat. The maximum AGO estimat¬
ed below 500 km^. The population size and trend
are unknown. P. scaveola seems uncommon and
was not found by the 2009 and 2012 expeditions
of the Entomological Society of Latvia to Misool.
This species is known from two localities in lowland
rainforests on limestone soils. Threats for this spe¬
cies are unknown. Misool Island is still very pristine
and covered by primary rainforests for over 75%.
Further basic research is required on distribution
of P. scaveola, its population size, trend as well as
on threats.
Palaina (s. I.) schneideri I. et B. Rensch, 1929
(Plate 45 figs 21-24, map 28)
Lectotype MHUB [herewith designated]: Zoolog. Mu¬
seum Berlin [printed] 90936 Palaina schneideri l.-i-B.
Rensch * Neu-Pommern Weite Bucht Karlei Ig. P. Schnei¬
der [handwritten] / Zoolog. Museum Berlin. Typus von:
[printed] Palaina schneideri I. -i- B. Rensch Zool. Anz. 80,
1929, p. 85, Abb. 5 [sic! Fig. 6] [handwritten] [label red].
Para lectotype 1 adult MHUB [herewith designated]:
same labels as lectotype.
Lectotype designation: Lectotype was selected
from two syntypes, all with same labels.
References: Rensch I. & B. (1929: 85); Rensch I.
(1937: 604).
Measurements: Lectotype H = 3.1 mm, D = 1.6
mm, HW = 1.5 mm, PD = 1.3 mm. Paralectotype H
= 3.1 mm, D = 1.6 mm, HW = 1.45 mm, PD = 1.2
mm. According to Rensch I. (1937), smallest speci¬
men has shell H about 2 mm.
Description: Shell is large, whitish, sinistral, high
cylindrical with conical apex. Shell with 6 strongly
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is moderately deeply
impressed. The ultimate whorl is strongly constrict¬
ed, narrower than the penultimate whorl in aper-
tural view. The tuba is prolonged (protruding from
shell outline) and funnel-like widened (Plate 45 fig.
24). The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constric¬
tion is poorly defined by a short zone of stronger
distant axial ribs. The constriction is more or less
centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with delicate straight or slightly sinuous axial
ribs. The ribs are widely-spaced on early whorls and
the ultimate whorl, but very dense on the penulti¬
mate whorl. The ribs becoming much stronger but
not much distant on the last half whorl. There are
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern - see above.
The ribs are not synchronized with those of the
previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling axis.
There are about 22-24 ribs per 1 mm, but -10-12
ribs on the apertural side of the ultimate whorl. Spi¬
ral striae are lacking. The aperture is not tilted to
the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap¬
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
peristome is indistinctly double, very thick and con¬
sists of numerous delicate lamellae in lateral view.
The parietal margin of the peristome is not fully at¬
tached to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome
forms a continuous polished callus. The outer peri¬
stome is discontinued parietally. The palatal mar¬
gins of both peristomes are slightly sinuous. No
specimens were available to study the internal la¬
mellae. Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Type specimens found in riverine lowland
rainforest.
Distribution: Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain
Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EGO and
AGO. The maximum EGO for this species estimated
145000 km^ taking into account the area of New
Britain, New Ireland and adjacent islets. The maxi¬
mum AGO estimated below the threshold of 500
km^. This species is known from a series of nearly
100 years old specimens. The population size and
trend are unknown (however, Rensch I. (1937) stat¬
ed this species was found in large series). Threats
for this species are unknown. Further research is
required to clarify status of this species in the wild,
calculate population size and highlight threats.
Palaina (s. I.) silvicultrix sp. nov. (Figs 87 & 115,
plate 46 figs 1-3, map 20)
httD://zoobank.org/57EF6421-9257-4982-93B8-
8A1DD1FC87EA
Holotype LKCNHM: Indonesia: West Papua [sic!],
Waigeo, Lopintol, Gua Kalepale, Leg. T. Whitten, Jan.
2013.
Paratypes 79 adults LKCNHM & 6 adults KGC: sanne
label as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Named from Latin “silvicul-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
trix” [living in woods, forest dweller].
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2.6 nnnn, D = 1.4
nnnn, HW = 1.5 nnnn, PD = 1.15 nnnn; Selected para-
typic specinnens: H = 2.6 nnnn, D = 1.3 nnnn, HW =
1.4nnnn, PD = 1.1 nnnn; H = 2.6 nnnn, D = 1.4 nnnn,
HW = 1.5 nnnn, PD = 1.3 nnnn; H = 2.6 nnnn, D = 1.4
nnnn, HW = 1.45 nnnn, PD = 1.3 nnnn.
Description: Shell is snnall, whitish, sinistral, cy¬
lindrical, with broadly conical apex. Shell with 6
convex whorls, the 1% ennbryonic whorl is micro-
granulate. The suture is rather deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is constricted and somewhat
descending, it is as wide as the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult.
The protoconch is placed oblique on the rest of the
shell. The constriction is poorly delimited by a broad
and shallow impression and a zone of delicate axial
ribs. The constriction is more or less centered in
apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse widely-spaced straight ribs. The ribs becom¬
ing coarser (significantly higher) and more distant
on the ultimate whorl. The ribbing pattern is flat and
delicate around and in the constriction. The ribs are
not synchronized with those of the previous whorls
and are oblique to the coiling axis. There are 7 ribs
per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are lacking at x500 mag¬
nification. The aperture is not or slightly tilted to
the coiling axis and is circular and has entire ap¬
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
parietal margin of the peristome is attached to the
ultimate whorl. The peristome is double, very thin
in lateral view. The columellar margin of the out¬
er peristome is somewhat angulate (Plate 46 fig.
1). The inner peristome forms a broad continuous
polished callus. The columella is rather broad and
shiny. Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: No congeners with simi¬
larly shaped and ribbed shells are known from the
study region. P. granulum I. et B. Rensch, 1929
(New Britain Island) is somewhat similar but this
species differs specifically in more slender shell
shape, strongly denser and less high axial ribs.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo Is¬
land. Co-ordinates of Gua [cave] Kalepale are
00°17’18”S, 130°49’15”E, but no information
is available where exactly these specimens were
sampled.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from large series of specimens
collected under unknown circumstances and the
habitat of species is unknown. No information is
available to calculate current ECC. The maximum
ECC is estimated no less than 65 km^ taking into
account Lopintol and adjacent area of West Waigeo.
The current ADD is 4 km^, the maximum ADD is cer¬
tainly under 500 km^. Threats are unknown. The
population size and trend are unknown. Further re¬
search is required primarily to highlight distribution
and habitat requirements of P. silvicultrix sp. nov.
and calculate its population size.
Palaina (s. I.) slapcinskyi sp. nov. (Fig. 88, plate 46
figs 4-11, map 26)
httD://zoobank.org/7C67D357-17El-4991-8854-
8B53FD83FB66
Holotype UF (No 507372): UF 380639 Mollusca,
Diplommatinidae 24 specinnen(s) Palaina [printed] sp.
8 [handwritten] Papua New Guinea, Sandaun Province
Smanmoke, base of S slope of Mount Sapau, 4 km NW
of Parkop Village mature hill forest along river 561 me¬
ters -3.3926° 142.5298° Slapcinsky, J. 24 Mar 2005
JS-0800 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
[printed] / JS 800 Palaina? [handwritten].
Pa retypes 58 specimens: 10 adults, 1 subadult, 16
Juv. UF & 3 adults KGC: same labels as holotype [2 adults
are badly broken]; 2 adults & 11 Juv. UF: UF 380587
Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 12 specimen(s) Palaina
[printed] sp. 8 [handwritten] Papua New Guinea, Sand¬
aun Province Wayayane, 1 km N of Parkop Village, 4 km
NWof Sibilanga Mission hill forest 564 meters -3.4194°
142.5269° Slapcinsky, J. 16 May 2005 JS-0794 dry
FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY [printed] /
Palaina JS-794 [handwritten]; 10 adults & 1 Juv. UF, 1
adult KGC: UF 380655 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 13-
spec. Palaina Papua New Guinea, Sandaun Province
Wayayane, 1 km N of Parkop Village, 4 km NW of Sibilan¬
ga Mission hill forest 564 meters -3.4194° 142.5269°
Slapcinsky, J. 16 May 2005, JS-0794 75% ethanol FLOR¬
IDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY [printed] / JDS-794
[handwritten]; 2 adults & 1 subadult UF: UF 380673
Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 3-spec. Palaina Papua New
Guinea, Sandaun Province Sinberien, base of S slope of
Mount Sapau, 4 km NW of Parkop Village, 7 km NW of
Sibilanga Mission wet hill forest along alkaline stream
526 meters -3.3975° 142.5288° Slapcinsky, J. 22 May
2005, JDS-0798 75% ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY [printed] / 798 [handwritten] [shells
strongly dissolved]; 5 adults, 1 subadult & 7 Juv. UF: UF
380572 Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 14 specimen(s)
Palaina [printed] sp. 8 [handwritten] Papua New Guinea,
Sandaun Province Sinberien, base of S slope of Mount
Sapau, 4 km NW of Parkop Village, 7 km NW of Sibilanga
Mission wet hill forest along alkaline stream 526 me¬
ters -3.3975° 142.5288° Slapcinsky, J. 22 May 2005
JS-0798 dry FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
[printed] / JS-798 [handwritten]; 1 adult UF: UF 380732
Mollusca, Diplommatinidae 1-spec. Palaina Papua New
Guinea, Sandaun Province Ataukbumbu, base of S slope
of Mount Sapau, 4 km NW of Parkop Village, 7 km NW
of Sibilanga Mission hill forest 550 meters -3.3934°
260
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
142.5318° Slapcinsky, J. 27 May 2005, JS-0806 75%
ethanol FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY [print¬
ed] / JS 806 [handwritten].
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. This species is
manned after its first collector, fannous nnalacologist
and specialist on Papuan nnalacofauna, nny dear
colleague John Slapcinsky (UF).
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2 nnnn, D = 1.1
mm, HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm. Selected paratypic
specimens: H = 2.05 mm, D = 1.2 mm, HW = 1.1
mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 2 mm, D = 1.2 mm, HW =
1.05 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 2 mm, D = 1.1 mm,
HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 1.95 mm, D = 1.1
mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm; H = 1.9 mm, D =
1.1 mm, HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.75 mm; H = 1.8 mm,
D = 1 mm, HW = 1 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish or yellowish,
sinistral, narrow cylindrical with rounded apex.
Shell with 5V3 convex whorls, the IV3 embryonic
of them are microgranulate. The suture is rather
deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is strongly
constricted and descending, it is as wide as the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus
is extremely narrowly open in adult, not perspec¬
tive. The constriction is poorly defined by a short
shallow impression and a short zone of dense axial
ribs. The constriction is more or less centered in
apertural view. The teleoconch whorls sculptured
with coarse distant straight ribs. The ribs becom¬
ing even more widely spaced on the last half whorl.
There are abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern at
the constriction (see above). The ribs are not syn¬
chronized with those on previous whorls and are
straight to the coiling axis. There are 5 ribs per 0.5
mm. Spiral striae are delicate and very dense. The
aperture is not tilted from the coiling axis, is circular
and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more
or less centered below the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is
double. Peristomal margins are not sinuous. The
inner peristome forms a polished callus which is
discontinued parietally. The outer peristome is
somewhat expanding beyond the inner one. The
columella is smooth, very broad in upper half, nar¬
rowed towards base and provided with a flat median
glass-like semitransparent callus which is directed
backwards. The operculum is derivative - circular,
shortly tubular with concentric peripheral growth
ridges and medially hollow on the outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is peculiar
due to the combination of the following characters:
the operculum is tubular with peripheral growth
ridges, shell small with distant and coarse axial
ribs, the aperture is centered below the ultimate
whorls and the umbilicus is very narrowly open.
Ecology: Specimens were sampled at altitudes
526-564 m in primary lowland rainforest on lime¬
stone, along streams and river.
Distribution: Northern New Guinea: Torricelli
Mountains.
Conservation status: Least Concern, LC. The
current ECO is about 20 km^, but the maximum ECO
is definitely much larger and may include large part
of Torricelli Mountains. The current AGO is 8 km^,
the maximum AGO estimated below the threshold
of 500 km^. The population size and trend are un¬
known, but P. slapcinskyi sp. nov. seems not un¬
common. Main threat for this species is unknown.
Torricelli Mountains are still very pristine and cov¬
ered with primary rainforests for over 80%. Accord¬
ing to the data from Global Forest Watch (2016),
no large or mid-scale deforestation reported from
the area of occurrence of P. slapcinskyi sp. nov. I
cannot project any significant changes in extent or
quality of habitat for this species for the next 10
years. Further basic research is required on distri¬
bution, population size and threats for this species.
Palaina (s. I.) solomonensis (Dell, 1955) comb,
nov. (Plate 46 figs 12-14, map 19)
Holotype MONZ: M.202515, S0LI4403, Gardner, Nor-
nnan 1944, Solonnon Islands Treasury Islands Mono Is¬
land, ridge above Seveke River Leaf nnould.
New combination: New combination is based
on conchological characters. A little denticle on the
columellar side of the aperture cannot be classified
as generic character of Diplommatina since it is not
supplemented by palatalis and parietalis.
References: Dell (1955: 423, 424), as Diplom¬
matina solomonensis.
Measurements: Holotype H = 2.9 mm, D = 1.4
mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.15 mm.
Description: Shell is small, pale rose with darker
embryonic whorls, sinistral, narrow and high coni¬
cal with convex apex. Shell with 6V2 convex whorls,
the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically pitted.
The suture is rather deeply impressed. The ulti¬
mate whorl is slightly constricted, as wide as the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The constric¬
tion is poorly defined by a short and shallow im¬
pression and a short zone of stronger sinuous axial
ribs. The constriction is more or less centered in
apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured with
coarse widely-spaced (particularly distant on ear¬
ly whorls and on the last half whorl), straight (on
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
central whorls) to slightly sinuous (on the apertural
side of the ultinnate whorl) axial ribs. The ribs be-
coming denser on the apertural side of the penul-
timate whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are partially synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are slightly
oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 15 ribs
per 1 mm. Spiral striae are very delicate. The ap¬
erture is not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular
and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more
or less centered below the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The peristome is
double, very broad, consists of numerous dense la¬
mellae in lateral view. The inner peristome forms a
broad continuous polished callus. The palatal mar¬
gins of both peristomes are sinuous. The columellar
denticle is inconspicuous, not directed downwards.
No specimens were available to study the internal
lamellae (but there no palatalis or parietalis are vis¬
ible through shell wall). Operculum is unknown.
Ecology: Specimens were sampled from leaf litter
in lowland rainforest.
Distribution: Solomon Islands: Mono Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from a few historical specimens
collected more than 50 years ago from one local¬
ity. The population size and trend are unknown.
Threats are unknown. Further research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) sparselamellata sp. nov. (Fig. 89,
plate 46 figs 12-19, map 21)
httD://zoobank.org/B36F0D4E-F5C8-41DC-9C6E-
D23CCCB23A84
Flolotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Is¬
land, Waisai 10-13 km NE, 00°2ri7”S, 130°54’37”E,
~70 m, 16.11.2012, primary lowland rainforest on lime¬
stone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 3 adults KGC: same label as holotype [one
adult is badly broken].
Derivatio nominis: Named from Latin “sparsus”
[sparse, rare] + “lamella” to stress widely-spaced
axial ribs of the shell.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 2.05 mm, D = 1.2
mm, FIW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.9 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: FI = 1.9 mm, D = 1.2 mm, FIW =
1.1 mm, PD = 0.9 mm; FI = 1.9 mm, D = 1.2 mm,
FIW = 1.05 mm, PD = 0.8 mm.
Description: Shell is very small to small, brown
to pale brown, sinistral, broadly cylindrical with flat¬
tened apex. Shell with 5 strongly convex whorls, the
IV4-IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically pitted.
The suture is deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl
is slightly constricted, about as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is well defined by
presence ofa short but deep impression, dense pat¬
tern and height reduction in axial ribs and by pres¬
ence of a deep cavity-like impression on the suture
above the constriction. The constriction is more or
less centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is
sculptured with high lamella-like and rather widely-
spaced straight or slightly sinuous ribs. The ribs be¬
coming stronger and more distant on the last half
whorl. There are abrupt changes in the ribbing pat¬
tern - the ribs are much denser on early whorls and
at the constriction. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are slightly
oblique to the coiling axis. There are 4-5 ribs per
0.5 mm. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is
not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is double, consists of several
strong lamellae in lateral view. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
The inner peristome forms a continuous polished
callus. The outer peristome is broadly discontinued
parietally. The palatal margins of both peristomes
are strongly sinuous. In fully grown specimens the
parietal / palatal and the columellar / parietal Junc¬
tions of the inner peristome expand in obtuse pro-
trudings (Plate 46 figs 15 & 17). The columella is
smooth, angulate medially. The operculum is deriv¬
ative - with tuba-like concentric ridge on the outer
surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is distinc¬
tive due very distant ribbing pattern on the last half
whorl. Similar Palaina hartmanni sp. nov. (Waigeo
Island; see description of this species above) differs
in having denser ribs on all the teleoconch whorls
except for the last half whorl. The operculum in this
species is with low ridge and its shell is generally
smaller than in P. sparselamellata sp. nov.
Ecology: Specimens sampled from undersides of
wet fallen leaves in primary lowland rainforest on
limestone (karst area).
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species inhabits eastern peninsula of Waigeo, hith¬
erto recorded from one locality in the southern part
of the island. Not enough data available to calcu¬
late current EDO. The maximum EDO estimated
below 5000 km^ (the area of Waigeo and adjacent
islets plus available habitat). Current AGO is 4 km^,
but the maximum AGO estimated up to 500 km^.
The population size is unknown, but only few speci-
262
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
mens were found during the field study. Main threat
for this species is unknown. Growing human popu¬
lation of southern Waigeo and increasingtourism in
the area (both national and international) demand
more gardens, infrastructure and tourism resorts.
Waigeo got a regency capital of Raja Ampat admin¬
istrative province some years ago what resulted
in boosting development. Waigeo is initially rich in
limestone rocks and limestone is widely used for
roads and buildings construction. Growing popu¬
lation (partly a result of immigration from other
islands of Indonesia) requires more firewood and
charcoal. Aforementioned facts are not yet report¬
ed from the eastern peninsula and currently there
are no villages nearby the type locality of P. sparse-
lamellata sp. nov. However, decline in primary low¬
land rainforests is projected also for this area, but
definitively not for the next 10 years. Specimens of
P. spa rselamel lata sp. nov. were not observed in
disturbed forests. Additional research is required
on distribution and ecological preferences of this
species, its population size and trend.
Palaina (s. I.) tanimbarensis sp. nov. (Fig. 90, plate
46 figs 20-22, map 15)
httD://zoobank.org/9C92C798-164A-409C-AD50-
EF2A6CF1F7E3
Holotype NMNL: Coll. J.J. Vermeulen, nr. 4728 Palaina
indet. - Diplommatinidae 1995.06. INDONESIA. Tanim-
bar Islands; W part Yamdena Isl., near Kpg. Makatian.
Undisturbed primary forest on limestone, near riverbed,
4-6 km from the sea (3-5 km from a brackish river). Leg.
A.J. Whitten, 00/10/1995.
Pa retypes 2 adults NMNL: same label as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species
named after the Tanimbar Islands, its area of oc¬
currence.
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.2 mm, D = 2.3
mm, HW = 2 mm, PD = 1.8 mm (1.2 mm without
expansion of the outer peristome). Paratypic speci¬
mens: H = 3.25 mm, D = 2.1 mm, HW = 2.1 mm, PD
= 1.5 mm (1.15 mm without expansion of the outer
peristome); H = 3.2 mm, D = 2.25 mm, HW = 2.05
mm, PD = 1.8 mm (1.1 mm without expansion of
the outer peristome).
Description: Shell is large, creamy coloured,
sinistral, cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell with
6 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is slightly constricted, it is as
wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. The constriction
is well defined by a zone of low dense axial ribs.
The constriction is more or less centered in aper¬
tural view. The early IV2-3V4 teleoconch whorls cov¬
ered with rather dense straight axial ribs. The ribs
becoming very widely-spaced on the teleoconch
whorls 3V4-6. The ribs are elevated and somewhat
c-like bent on the periphery of each whorl, forming
low lamella-like protrudings (Plate 90 figs 20-22).
The ribs becoming even more distant on the last
half whorl. There are abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern (see above). The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls. The ribs are
oblique to the coiling axis. There are 2-3 c-like bent
ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae are very delicate and
dense. The aperture is not tilted to the coiling axis,
is oval and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is
more or less centered below the penultimate whorl
in apertural view. The peristome is double, thin in
lateral view. The parietal margin of the peristome
is attached to the ultimate whorl. The outer peri¬
stome is broadly discontinued parietally. The outer
peristome expands very strongly, wing-like beyond
the inner peristome on the palatal, basal and colu-
mellar sides. Both the palatal and columellar mar¬
gins of the outer peristome are slightly sinuous. The
columella is thin and slightly curved, provided with
a small prebasal fold. Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is different
from its sympatric congener Palaina thomasrlntele-
nl sp. nov. (Yamdena Island; see description of this
species below) by its sinistral and cylindrical shell
(shell is conical, slender and dextral in P. thomas-
rlntelenl sp. nov.), presence of complete high c-like
bent axial ribs (axial ribs are incomplete and not
lamella-like, either D-like bent in P. thomasrinteleni
sp. nov.). Palaina tanimbarensis sp. nov. differs
from another close sympatric congener P. mirlfica
sp. nov. (Yamdena Island; see description of this
species above) by higher and less obese shell, bent
axial ribs (ribs are straight in P. mirlfica sp. nov.)
and less stronger expanded outer peristome.
Ecology: Specimens found in primary riverine low¬
land rainforest on limestone soil.
Distribution: Tanimbar Islands: Yamdena Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is currently known from a few individuals.
Its habitat, population size and threats are un¬
known. Further basic research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) telnovi sp. nov. (Fig. 91, plate 46 figs
23-26, map 21)
httD://zoobank.org/AF115575-6E0F-4DB5-A0D8-
0208B97288A9
Holotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Is¬
land, Waisai 3 km W, 00°26’04”S, 130°47’41”E, 40-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
50 nn, 17.11.2012, secondary lowland rainforest on linne-
stone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 22 specinnens: 1 adult KGC: sanne label as
holotype; 7 adults NME, 10 adults & 4 juv. KGC: INDO¬
NESIA E, Raja Annpat, Waigeo Island, Waisai 4,5 knn SW,
Waiwo dive resort, 00°26’07”S, 130°46’45”E, 10-15
m, 21.11.2012, prinnary lowland rainforest on linnestone,
leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. This species is
devoted to its first collector, fannous entonnologist,
biogeographist and New Guinea explorer Dr. Dnnitry
Telnov (The Entonnological Society of Latvia, Riga).
Measurennents: Holotype H = 2.7 nnnn, D = 1.75
mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.3 mm. Selected para-
typic specimens: H = 3 mm, D = 1.9 mm, HW = 1.5
mm, PD = 1.35 mm; H = 2.95 mm, D = 1.8 mm,
HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.4 mm; H = 2.9 mm, D = 1.75
mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.3 mm; H = 2.9 mm, D
= 1.75 mm, HW = 1.4 mm, PD = 1.35 mm; H = 2.6
mm, D = 1.7 mm, HW = 1.25 mm, PD = 1.3 mm.
Description: Shell is small, pale brown, dextral,
obese with flattened apex. Shell with 5% convex
whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is microscopically
pitted. The protoconch is placed oblique on the rest
of the shell. The suture is deeply impressed. The
ultimate whorl is constricted, slightly wider than the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus
is closed in adult. The constriction is well defined
by presence of a broad shallow impression, much
denser and delicate axial ribs and a cavity-like im¬
pression of the suture above the constriction. The
constriction is more or less centered in apertural
view. There is a strong bulb Just beyond the con¬
striction above the columellar side of the aperture.
The teleoconch is sculptured with coarse widely-
spaced inconspicuously sinuous ribs. There are
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern - the ribs
becoming 3x more distant beyond the constriction.
The ribs are partially synchronized with those of
the previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling
axis. There are 8-10 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae
are not visible at 80x magnification. The aperture
is circular and has entire apertural rim. The aper¬
ture is more or less centered below the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The peristome is distinctly
double. The parietal margin of the peristome is at¬
tached to the ultimate whorl. The palatal margins
of both peristomes are slightly sinuous. The inner
peristome forms a continuous polished callus. The
columella is smooth, provided with a very large tri¬
angular knob in its upper half. This knob is directed
backwards. The operculum is derivative - circular
and concave, with a single peripheral ridge on the
outer surface.
Differential diagnosis: This species is distinc¬
tive primarily due to its coarse and distant axial ribs
and presence of a large backward directed knob on
the columella.
Ecology: This species found in secondary lowland
rainforests on limestone soil about 10-50 m alti¬
tude. Specimens were collected from under of large
fallen leaves.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo Island.
Conservation status: Endangered, EN
BlB2ab(iii,iv). This species inhabits western pen¬
insula of Waigeo, hitherto recorded from two locali¬
ties in the southern part of it. Not enough data avail¬
able to calculate current ECO. The maximum ECO
estimated below 5000 km^ (the area of Waigeo and
adjacent islets plus available habitat). The current
AGO is 8 km^, but the maximum AGO estimated be¬
low 500 km^ (taking into account available habitat).
The population size is unknown, but this species is
not uncommon locally. Habitat loss and alteration
are the main threats. Rainforests are converted to
gardens, timber collecting and small-scale logging
take place. Growing human population of southern
Waigeo and increasing tourism in the area (both
national and international) demand more gardens,
infrastructure and tourism resorts. Waigeo got a
regency capital of Raja Ampat administrative prov¬
ince of Indonesia some years ago, which resulted
in boosting development. Waigeo is initially rich
in limestone rocks and this raw material is widely
used for roads and buildings construction. Grow¬
ing population (partly a result of immigration from
other islands of Indonesia) requires more firewood
and charcoal. Aforementioned factors result in
slow decline in primary lowland rainforests cover,
especially in SW part of Waigeo. This trend is ob¬
served, projected and likely to continue resulting in
decline of the AGO. Specimens of P. telnovi sp. nov.
were observed also in disturbed forests with closed
canopy (wet litter is the key). Between 2001-2014
south-western Waigeo lost Just about 1100 ha of
the rainforest (calculated for canopy density over
25% according to the Global Forest Watch (2016)),
but almost exactly in the area where P. telnovi sp.
nov. occurs. Additional research is required on dis¬
tribution of this species and its population size. It
seems important to clarify if P. telnovi sp. nov. is
distributed all over Waigeo or is limited to southern
part of it.
Palaina (s. I.) thomasrinteleni sp. nov. (Fig. 92,
plate 47 figs 1-4, map 15)
httD://zoobank.org/D9484389-414E-42E0-B15D-
668G37D09980
264
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Holotype NMNL: Coll. J.J. Vermeulen, nr. 4725 Palaina
indet. - Diplommatinidae 1995.06. INDONESIA. Tanim-
bar Islands; W part Yamdena Isl., near Kpg. Makatian.
Undisturbed primary forest on limestone, near riverbed,
4-6 km from the sea (3-5 km from a brackish river). Leg.
A.J. Whitten, 00/10/1995.
Pa raty pes 2 adults & 1 juv. NMNL: same label as holo¬
type [one adult is broken].
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. This species is
devoted to Dr. Thonnas von Rintelen (MHUB), nny
good friend and fannous specialist on evolution and
taxononny of the Indo-Australian freshwater gastro¬
pods.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 3.3 nnnn, D = 1.8
nnnn, HW = 1.6 nnnn, PD = 1.3 nnnn. Paratypic speci-
nnens: H = 3.2 nnnn, D = 1.9 nnnn, HW = 1.6 nnnn, PD
= 1.4 nnnn; H = 3 nnnn, D = 1.8 nnnn, HW = 1.5 nnnn,
PD = 1.05 nnnn.
Description: Shell is large, creanny coloured, dex-
tral, conical with conical apex. Shell with 6 convex
whorls, the IV2 ennbryonic whorl is microscopi¬
cally pitted. The suture is deeply impressed. The
ultimate whorl is constricted, as wide as the pen¬
ultimate whorl in apertural view. The umbilicus is
closed in adult. The constriction is poorly defined by
presence of a very shallow impression and denser
and lower pattern of axial ribs. The constriction is
more or less centered in apertural view. The te-
leoconch is sculptured with delicate low and very
widely-spaced ribs. The ribs are slightly elevated
and strongly D-like bent at the periphery of each
whorl and therefore form low, lamella-like protrud-
ings (in juvenile shells the ribs are developed into
long spine-like folded protrudings (Plate 47 fig. 4)).
They fall off when the shell is growing and only low
basements remain visible on adult shells (Plate 47,
figs 1-3)). The ribs are incomplete on most of the
teleoconch (Plate 47, figs 1-3). The ribs are only
complete (upper parts of the ribs is present) on the
last half whorl where they becoming lower and less
strongly bend. There are no abrupt changes in the
ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with
those of the previous whorls and are oblique to the
coiling axis. There are 3 bent ribs per 1 mm. Rather
dense axial striation is present between the ribs.
At the constriction the ribs are straight (not bend)
and dense. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture
is not tilted to the coiling axis and is circular and
has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or
less centered below the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view. The peristome is double, very thin in
lateral view. The parietal margin of the peristome is
attached to the ultimate whorl. The inner peristome
forms a narrow continuous polished callus. The pa¬
rietal and the columellar margins of the outer peri¬
stome are sinuous. The columella is very broad.
Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is distinc¬
tive among all other congeners due to the combina¬
tion of the following characters: shell dextral with
peculiar very widely-spaced D-like bent axial ribs. Its
sympatric congener P. tanimbarensis sp. nov. (Yam¬
dena Island; see description of this species above)
is different in sinistral broadly cylindrical shell and
the higher, c-like bent axial ribs.
Ecology: Specimens found in primary riverine low¬
land rainforest on limestone soil.
Distribution: Tanimbar Islands: Yamdena Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from small series of individuals.
Its habitat, population size and threats are un¬
known. Further basic research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) vermeuleni sp. nov. (Fig. 93, plate 47
figs 5-7, map 15)
httD://zoobank.org/0800C397-F08F-4316-966A-
5CFB3920DAA1
Holotype NMNL: Coll. J.J. Vermeulen, nr. 4170 Arinia
dohertyi (E.A. Smith 1897) Diplommatinidae INDONE¬
SIA. Aru Islands, Pulau Kobroor, near Jerlai. Dry river bed
over limestone soil. Leg. M. v. BalgooiJ, 29/04/1993.
Pa retypes 2 adults NMNL: same label as holotype
[one adult is badly broken].
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. This species is
devoted to Dr. Jaap Jan Vermeulen (NMNL), an au¬
thority in Oriental terrestrial molluscs who provided
me with this new material.
Measurements: Holotype H = 3.9 mm, D = 2.3
mm, HW = 2.3 mm, PD = 1.9 mm. Selected para¬
typic specimen H = 3.7 mm, D = 2.4 mm, HW = 2.1
mm, PD = 1.7 mm.
Description: Shell is large, whitish to creamy co¬
loured, dextral, cylindrical with conical apex. Shell
with 6 convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is
microscopically pitted. The suture is deeply im¬
pressed. There is a rather strong bulb Just beyond
the constriction above the columellar side of the
aperture. The ultimate whorl is slightly constricted,
hardly narrower than the penultimate whorl in aper¬
tural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The con¬
striction is well defined by presence of a broad flat
impression, a zone of more distant axial ribs and a
cavity-like impression on the suture above the con¬
striction. The constriction is more or less centered
in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculptured
with delicate dense straight ribs. There are abrupt
changes in the ribbing pattern - the ribs becoming
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
very inconspicuous, ainnost disappear at the con¬
striction area, but beyond the constriction reappear
again and beconning coarser and 3-4x sparser than
on the previous whorl. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique to
the coiling axis. There are about 17-20 ribs per 1
mm. Spiral striae are lacking. The aperture is not
tilted to the coiling axis, is oval and has entire ap-
ertural rim. The aperture is more or less centered
below the penultimate whorl in apertural view. The
peristome is simple, developed in a very broad con¬
tinuous callus. Numerous very dense lamellae on
the ultimate whorl prior to the peristome. The pa¬
rietal side of the peristome is pressed against the
parietal wall. The margins of the peristome are not
or slightly sinuous. The columella is simple, with an
obtuse median angulation. Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species belongs to
a group of Palaina with a distinct bulb on the ulti¬
mate whorl just beyond the constriction. Compared
with similar congeners, P. vermeuleni sp. nov. has
an ordinary peristome (the peristome is very thick
in lateral view in P. polystoma B. Rensch, 1931
and in P. chrysostoma E.A. Smith, 1897, both from
Flores Island). The aperture is without columellar
callus and there is no knob on columella in P. ver¬
meuleni sp. nov. (flat but distinct basal knob pres¬
ent in P. chrysostoma). There are about 17-20 ribs
per 1 mm on the penultimate whorl in P. vermeuleni
sp. nov., its shell is stronger conical (in P. novogu-
Ineensls E.A. Smith, 1897 from W New Guinea and
Misool, shell is more obese and there are about 10-
13 ribs per 1 mm on the penultimate whorl). Gener¬
ally, more material is necessary to highlight another
differences between P. vermeuleni sp. nov. and P.
novogulneensis.
Ecology: Specimens found in riverine lowland
rainforest on limestone soil.
Distribution: Aru Islands: Kobroor Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from the small series of individu¬
als. Its habitat, population size and threats are un¬
known. Further basic research is required.
Palaina (s. I.) waigeo sp. nov. (Figs 94-95, 103 &
143, plate 47 figs 8-13, map 21)
http://zoobank.org/6E047643-16FF-4F8D-
9137-5F01C5DA3137
Flolotype NME: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Is¬
land, Waisai 3 km W, 00°26’04”S, 130°47’41”E, 40-
50 m, 17.11.2012, secondary lowland rainforest on lime¬
stone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 3 specimens: 1 adult KGC: same label as
holotype; 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat Prov.,
Wayag Island, along the southern coast, 31.X.2011,
leaf debris in forest at the foot of limestone cliff, leg.
LWagner; 1 adult KGC: INDONESIA E, Raja Ampat,
Waigeo Island, Waisai 4,5 km SW, Waiwo dive resort,
00°26’07”S, 130°46’45”E, 10-15 m, 21.11.2012, pri¬
mary lowland rainforest on limestone, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: This species is named after
Waigeo Island, its main area of occurrence. Noun in
apposition, invariable.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 1.3 mm, D = 0.7
mm, FIW = 0.7 mm, PD = 0.55 mm. Paratypic speci¬
mens from Waigeo: FI = 1.35 mm, D = 0.7 mm, FIW
= 0.7 mm, PD = 0.5 mm; FI = 1.3 mm, D = 0.7 mm,
FIW = 0.7 mm, PD = 0.5 mm.
Description: Shell is very small, yellowish, sinis-
tral, cylindrical with flattened apex. Shell with 5V2
convex whorls, the IV2 embryonic whorl is micro¬
scopically pitted. The suture is rather deeply im¬
pressed. The ultimate whorl is constricted, nearly
as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural view.
The umbilicus is closed in adult. Suture is slightly
impressed above the constriction (additionally, in
one paratype the constriction area is free of axial
ribs). The constriction situated on same axis with
the columellar side of the aperture. The teleoconch
is sculptured with dense delicate straight (in para-
types) or sinuous (in holotype) axial ribs. There are
abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern - startingfrom
the constriction the ribs becoming coarser and
twice more distant. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are slightly
oblique to the coiling axis. There are about 17-19
ribs per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are extremely delicate
and dense, poorly indicated at 80x magnification
(5-6 rows of spiral striae per 30 pm measured on
the ultimate whorl above the aperture). The aper¬
ture is not tilted against the coiling axis, is circular
and has entire apertural rim. The aperture is more
or less centered below the penultimate whorl in
apertural view. The peristome is distinctly double.
Few inconspicuous flat lamellae present between
the peristomes in lateral view. The outer peristome
is stronger than the inner one. The parietal margin
of the peristome is attached to the ultimate whorl.
Peristomal margins are not sinuous or the outer
peristome is slightly sinuous palatally. The inner
peristome forms a continuous polished callus. The
outer peristome is broadly discontinued parietally,
somewhat reflexed. The columella is rather broad
and smooth. The operculum is primitive - circular
and without concentric lines of ridges.
Differential diagnosis: This species is similar
to several minute Papuan Palaina species (consid¬
er characters discussed in table 17, see next page).
266
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Ecology: This species occurs in secondary and,
supposedly, also in prinnary lowland rainforests on
linnestone soils.
Distribution: Raja Annpat Islands: Waigeo Island,
Wayag Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EDO.
The current AGO is 12 knn^ but the nnaxinnunn AGO
is likely nnuch higher. Palaina waigeo sp. nov. is
known fronn three localities; all localities are not
far fronn the seashore. Threats for this species are
unknown. Waigeo Island as well as Wayag are still
very pristine and covered by prinnary rainforests for
over 75%, but local developnnent is ongoing exactly
in coastal areas where this species was found (e.g.
road construction; Waisai new airport located ~3-
4.5 knn fronn two of P. waigeo sp. nov. localities).
Further research is required on distribution of
this species as well as on its population size and
threats.
Table 17. Papuan species of Palaina s. I. similar to P. waigeo sp. nov. and their distinctive characters.
Palaina (s. I.) wawiyai sp. nov. (Figs 96 & 116,
plate 47 figs 17-19, nnap 20)
httD://zoobank.org/D124B936-196E-4831-B439-
A6F45104EA05
Holotype LKCNHM: Indonesia: West Papua [sic!],
Waigeo, Lopintol, Gua Kalepale, Leg. T. Whitten, Jan
2013.
Paratypes 23 LKCNHM & 3 KGC: same label as holo¬
type [2 paratypic shells are broken].
Derivatio nonninis: Nanned after Wawiyai, local
tribe in Lopintol, the area where this species was
first collected. Noun in apposition, invariable.
Measurennents: Holotype H = 3.6 nnnn, D = 2.15
nnnn, HW = 1.8 nnnn, PD = 1.8 nnnn. Selected para¬
typic specinnens: H = 3.3 nnnn, D = 2.1 nnnn, HW = 2
nnnn, PD = 1.8 nnnn; H = 3.2 nnnn, D = 2.2 nnnn, HW =
2 nnnn, PD = 1.9 nnnn; H = 3.1 nnnn, D = 2.2 nnnn, HW
= 1.9 nnnn, PD = 1.7 nnnn.
Description: Shell is large, yellowish, sinistral,
cylindrical with conical apex. Shell with 6 convex
whorls, the IV2 ennbryonic whorl is microscopically
pitted. The suture is rather deeply impressed. The
ultimate whorl is strongly constricted, ascending, it
is nearly as wide as the penultimate whorl in ap-
ertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The
protoconch is placed oblique on the rest of the
267
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
shell. There is a deep sutural innpression above the
constriction. The constriction situated on sanne axis
with the colunnellar side of the aperture. There is
an inconspicuous bulb just beyond the constriction
(the bulb can be connpletely hidden under strongly
expanded peristonne). The teleoconch is sculptured
with coarse widely-spaced straight axial ribs. There
are abrupt changes in the ribbing pattern - the ribs
beconning less coarse and twice denser on the last
two whorls. The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls and are oblique to the coiling
axis. There are 9-11 ribs per 1 mm. Spiral striae
are lacking at x500 magnification, but very incon¬
spicuous axial striation (growth lines?) present be¬
tween the axial ribs. The aperture is not or slightly
tilted to the coiling axis, is strongly ovoid and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
centered below the penultimate whorl in apertural
view. The peristome is double, thick in lateral view.
Very dense flat lamellae developed between the in¬
ner and the outer peristome. The parietal margin of
the peristome is detached from the ultimate whorl
(in specimens with particularly strongly developed
peristome - from the penultimate whorl). The inner
peristome forms a very broad continuous polished
callus completely covering the penultimate whorl
and (in certain specimens) also covering a part of
the penultimate whorl. Two very distinct obtuse ear¬
like protrudings near the palatal / parietal and the
parietal / columellar Junctions (Plate 47 figs 17 &
19). The palatal and the columellar margins of both
peristomes are strongly sinuous. The outer peri¬
stome is broadly discontinued parietally. The colu¬
mella is smooth and very broad, strongly narrows in
basal third. Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is similar to
P. laszloi sp. nov. (Wayag Island NW of Waigeo), but
differs primarily in stronger expanded peristome,
ovoid aperture (aperture is circular in P. laszloi sp.
nov.), dense and quite delicate axial ribbing pat¬
tern of the ultimate whorl (the ribs are distant and
coarse on the ultimate whorl in P. laszloi sp.nov.)
and different columella (the median knob is pres¬
ent on the columella in P. laszloi sp.nov.). P. laszloi
sp. nov. is also generally smaller than P. wawiyai
sp. nov.
Ecology: Unknown.
Distribution: Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo Is¬
land. Co-ordinates of Gua [cave] Kalepale are
00°17’18”S, 130°49’15”E, but no information
is available where exactly these specimens were
sampled.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. This
species is known from specimens collected under
unknown circumstances and habitat of this species
is unknown. Not enough data available to calculate
current ECO. The maximum ECO estimated no less
than 65 km^ taking into account Lopintol area of
West Waigeo. The current AGO is 4 km^, the maxi¬
mum AGO is certainly under 500 km^. The popu¬
lation size and trend are unknown. Threats to this
species are unknown. Further basic research is re¬
quired.
Palaina (s. I.) wisemani (Cox, 1870) (Plate 47 figs
20-24, map 11)
Additional material: 1 adult MCZ: Mus.Comp.Zo6l.,
Cambridge, Mass. No. [printed] 188093 Palaina wise¬
mani Cox Kira Kira, San Cristoval Solomon Ido. [sic!]
Dec. 1929 Whitney Exp. [handwritten] Ex. A.M.N.H. Acc.
503 [printed]; 1 adult MCZ: Mus.Comp.Zo6l., Cambridge,
Mass. No. [printed] 188094 Palaina wisemani Cox San¬
ta Ana Id., Solomon Ido. [sic!] Dec. 1929 Whitney Exp.
[handwritten] Ex. A.M.N.H. Acc. 503 [printed].
Note: Type specimens of this species (at the Lin-
nean Society of New South Wales) were lost in the
great fire at the Garden Palace in September of
1882 (Jude Philp, personal communication). Re¬
description is based on MCZ specimens from Kira
Kira, Makira (= San Cristobal) Island.
References: Cox (1870: 84), as DIplommatIna
wisemanr, Pfeiffer (1876: 84), as D.[lplommatlna]
WIsemanr, Kobelt & von M6llendorff (1898: 152),
checklist, as Palaina Subgen. Palaina s. str. wise¬
mani; Kobelt (1902: 406), as P. (P[alalna]) wise¬
mani; Solem (1960: 49); Gardner (1990: 7).
Measurements: Selected specimen from MCZ: H
= 2.4 mm, D = 1.1 mm, HW = 1.1 mm, PD = 0.9 mm
(Gardner (1990) gave the following measurements
for Kira Kira specimen: H = 1 mm, D = 0.5 mm what
is definitively wrong for P. wisemani).
Description: Shell is very small, yellowish or pale
brown, sinistral, conical with conical apex. Shell
with 5% convex whorl, there is IV2 embryonic
whorl. The suture is moderately deeply impressed.
The ultimate whorl is constricted and slightly as¬
cending, it is slightly narrower than the penultimate
whorl in apertural view. The constriction is poorly
defined by a shallow impression, is more or less
centered in apertural view. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with coarse widely-spaced straight or slightly
sinuous axial ribs. There are no abrupt changes in
the ribbing pattern. The ribs are not synchronized
with those of the previous whorls and are oblique
to the coiling axis. There are 6 ribs per 0.5 mm. Spi¬
ral striae are lacking. The aperture is not tilted with
regard to the coiling axis and is circular and has
entire apertural rim. The aperture is more or less
268
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
centered below the penultinnate whorl in apertural
view. The peristonne is sinnple, with a broad zone of
nunnerous delicate lannellae prior to the peristonne
in lateral view. The peristonne forms a very broad
continuous polished callus, expands and covers
over a half of the ultimate whorl in apertural view.
Peristomal margins are not sinuous. The parietal
margin of the peristome is not completely attached
to the ultimate whorl. No specimens were avail¬
able to study the internal lamellae. Operculum is
unknown.
Ecology: According to the original description, this
species was found on wet places in montane areas.
Gardner (1990) signals specimens from leaf litter
at rainforest edge. Makira Island was initially cov¬
ered by primary lowland rainforest.
Distribution: Solomon Islands: Makira (= San
Cristobal) Island, Owaraha (= Santa Ana) Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current ECC and
ADD. The maximum EDD estimated at least 4000
km^ taking into account the area of Makira and ad¬
jacent islets. The maximum ADC cannot be calcu¬
lated. The population size and trend are unknown.
Further basic research is required to highlight sta¬
tus of this species in the wild, clarify its distribution,
measure the population size and uncover threats.
Palaina (s. I.) yamdena sp. nov. (Figs 97, 144-145,
plate 43 figs 25-27, map 15)
httD://zoobank.org/61FEFlD5-FA43-4FF7-A97B-
352AA457E2C2
Flolotype NMNL: Coll. J.J. Vermeulen, nr. 4726 Palaina
indet. - Diplommatinidae 1995.06. INDONESIA. Tanim-
bar Islands; W part Yamdena Isl., near Kpg. Makatian.
Undisturbed primary forest on limestone, near riverbed,
4-6 km from the sea (3-5 km from a brackish river). Leg.
A.J. Whitten, 00/10/1995.
Pa retypes: 7 adults NMNL: same label as holotype; 2
adults LKCNHM: ZRC.1999.2449 [handwritten] / Coll.
J.J. Vermeulen, nr. 4726 Arinia - [printed] ZRC.199.2449
[handwritten] Diplommatinidae [printed] 2nos [handwrit¬
ten] INDONESIA, Tanimbar Group, W part Yamdena Isl.,
nr Kpg Makatian. Undisturbed primary fst on limestone,
nr riverbed, 100-150 m asl, 4-6 km from the sea (3-5
km from a brackish river. Leg. A.J. Whitten, 10/1995.
[printed] / ZOOLOGICAL REFERENCE COLLECTION DE¬
PARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SIN¬
GAPORE [printed] Diplommatinidae ZRC.M0L.10459 Ex
[handwritten] ZRC. [printed] 199.2449 [handwritten] No.
Spec, [printed] 2 nos. [handwritten] Species, [printed]
Arinia [handwritten] Locality [printed] Indonesia, Tanim¬
bar Group, W. part Yamdena Island, nr. Kampong Maka¬
tian. [handwritten] Collector [printed] A.J. Whitten Date
[printed] Oct. 1995 [handwritten] Det. by [printed] JJ Ver¬
meulen, nr. 4726 [handwritten] Date [printed].
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species is
named after Yamdena Island where it occurs and
with regard to the main local language of this is¬
land. Noun in apposition, invariable.
Measurements: Flolotype FI = 1.8 mm, D = 1 mm,
FIW = 0.95 mm, PD = 0.7 mm. Selected paratypic
specimens: FI = 2 mm, D = 1.0.5 mm, FIW = 0.8
mm, PD = 0.8 mm; FI = 1.85 mm, D = 1 mm, FIW
= 1.05 mm, PD = 0.7 mm; FI = 1.85 mm, D = 0.95
mm, FIW = 0.95 mm, PD = 0.7 mm.
Description: Shell is small, whitish on upper and
yellowish on lower whorls, sinistral, cylindrical with
conical apex. Shell with 5V4 convex whorls, the IV4
embryonic whorl is microscopically pitted. The su¬
ture is deeply impressed. The ultimate whorl is con¬
stricted, nearly as wide as the penultimate whorl in
apertural view. The umbilicus is closed in adult. The
constriction is poorly defined since the suture is
slightly impressed above it and a very shallow shell
wall impression is present at the constriction. The
constriction situated on same axis with the columel-
lar side of the aperture. The teleoconch is sculp¬
tured with delicate rather dense straight ribs. The
ribs becoming slightly more distant on the last half
whorl. There are no abrupt changes in the ribbing
pattern. The ribs are not synchronized with those
of the previous whorls and are slightly oblique with
regard to the coiling axis. There are about 8-10 ribs
per 0.5 mm. Spiral striae are extremely delicate
and dense. The aperture is not tilted to the coiling
axis and is circular and has entire apertural rim.
The aperture is more or less centered below the
penultimate whorl in apertural view. The peristome
is double, consists of a few strong lamellae in lat¬
eral view. The parietal margin of the peristome is
attached to the ultimate whorl. The outer peristome
is broadly discontinued parietally. Peristomal mar¬
gins are not sinuous. The columella is straight and
shiny. Operculum is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Palaina yamdena sp.
nov. is conchologically similar with several Papuan
species, but is specifically different (see Table 18;
next page).
Ecology: Specimens found in primary riverine low¬
land rainforest on limestone soil.
Distribution: Tanimbar Islands: Yamdena Island.
Conservation status: Data Deficient, DD. Not
enough data available to calculate current EOO
and AOO. This species is known from single locality.
Its population size, trend and threats are unknown.
Further basic research is required.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Table 18. Papuan species of Palaina s. I. si nn liar to P. yamdena sp. nov. and their distinctive characters.
Identification keys to the Papuan and Waiiacean
Dipiommatinidae (Sulawesi excluded)
The original identification keys below are
based only on conchological characters. In most
cases comparative material is essential for proper
identification of species. There are many species
still awaiting description. The present keys are only
valid for species described and depicted in this
publication.
Key to Diancta
1 The aperture is more or less distinctly shifted left
against the coiling axis in apertural view. Less than 12
axial ribs per 1 mm on the penultimate whorl in aper¬
tural view . 2
- In apertural view the position of the aperture is either
central (Plate 19 fig. 11). About 13 axial ribs per 1 mm
on the penultimate whorl in apertural view .
. D. multi pi icata
2 Penultimate whorl with upper and lower margins paral¬
lel or almost parallel in apertural view, only one whorl is
strongly bulbous . 3
- Penultimate whorl with upper and lower margin not
parallel (divergent) in apertural view, the 5^^ & the 6^^
whorls are slightly bulbous in apertural view .
. D. halmaherica sp. nov.
270
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
3 Internal lamellae apparatus consists of four distinct
pa lata I is . D. torta
- Internal lamellae apparatus consists of a single dis¬
tinct pa lata I is . D. obiensis sp. nov.
- Internal lamellae apparatus without distinct palatalis
. D. constricta
Key to Diplommatina
1 Shell sinistral . 2
- Shell dextral . 8
2 Shell high conical, first 4-5 whorls widen evenly . 3
- Shell obese conical, first 4-5 whorls widen rapidly ... 4
3 W = 6, longitudinal palatalis is rather short .
. D. maibrat sp. nov.
- W = 7, longitudinal palatalis is long .
. D. waigeoensis sp. nov.
4 Palatal margin of the inner peristome is sinuous .... 5
- Palatal margin of the inner peristome is not sinuous
(Plate 25 fig. 8) . D. smithi
5 The outer peristome is angulate, expands beyond the
inner one (Plate 23, figs 20 &22) . 6
- The outer peristome is circular, not or slightly expand¬
ing beyond the inner one, internal lamellae without pala¬
talis . D.javana
6 Columellar denticle conspicuous, directed downwards
. 7
- Columellar denticle inconspicuous, not directed down¬
wards (Plate 23 fig. 20) . D. lombockensis
7 Internal lamellae apparatus with one short transverse
palatalis, no longitudinal palatalis present .
. D. jonabletti sp. nov.
- Internal lamellae apparatus with one longitudinal pala¬
talis, no transverse palatalis present . D. floresiana
8 Axial ribs lamella-like widened at the periphery of the
teleoconch whorls . 9
-Axial ribs lower, not lamella-like . 10
9 Axial ribs high and strongly waved, complete (not short¬
ened) and not becoming very flat on the upper part of
the teleoconch whorls, the palatalis is long .
. D. slapcinskyi sp. nov.
- Axial ribs less conspicuous, not waved but humped at
peripheries of the teleoconch whorls, becoming flat and
(almost) disappear on the upper part of the teleoconch
whorls, the palatalis is shorter . D. patani sp. nov.
10 Shell is conical . 11
- Shell either fusiform or cylindrical (for all decollate spe¬
cies use this alternative) . 14
11 Shell is smaller and slender, shell H ~2.5 mm, ap¬
erture is less large, peristome is comparatively thick in
lateral view, spiral striae are distinct and dense at 80x
magnification . 12
- Shell H ~3.4-4.2 mm, aperture is large, peristome is
comparatively thin in lateral view, spiral striae generally
more delicate . 13
12 Internal lamellae apparatus with one transverse and
one longitudinal palatalis, axial ribs are straight and reg¬
ular, shell generally less high, about 12 ribs per 0.5 mm
on the apertural side of the penultimate whorl .
. D. baliana
- Internal lamellae apparatus without transverse pala¬
talis, axial ribs are irregular and sinuous, shell generally
higher and slender, about 5-6 ribs per 0.5 mm on the
apertural side of the penultimate whorl .. D. radiiformis
13 About 5-6 axial ribs per 1 mm on the apertural side of
the penultimate whorl, 5 rows of spiral striae per 50 pm
(measured on the ultimate whorl above the aperture)
(Fig. 136), peristome is very thin in lateral view, indis¬
tinctly double (Plate 26 fig. 3) . D. symmetrica
- About 8-10 axial ribs per 1 mm on the apertural side of
the penultimate whorl, 5 rows of spiral striae per 50 pm
(measured on the ultimate whorl above the aperture)
(Figs 132-135), peristome is very thin in lateral view but
clearly double with both the inner and outer peristome
almost equally developed (Plate 26 figs 8, 11 & 14) .
. D. telnovi sp. nov.
- About 10-11 axial ribs per 1 mm on the penultimate
whorl in apertural view, 3 rows of spiral striae per 50 pm
(measured on the ultimate whorl above the aperture)
(Figs 129-131), peristome looks simple in lateral view
since the inner peristome is stronger developed and
partly covers the outer peristome (Plate 24 fig. 20) .
. D. mertoni
14 Umbilicus is closed in adult . 15
- Umbilicus is narrowly open in adult .
. D. timorensis sp. nov.
15 Columellar denticle is moderately long or small and
short . 16
- Columellar denticle is very long and prominent, direct¬
ed downwards . D. moluccensis sp. nov.
16 Whorls are strongly globose with very deep suture
therefore shell outline is wavy . 19
- Whorls are rather flat or slightly convex, suture is mod¬
erately deep, shell outline not wavy . 17
17 Shell narrow and slender . 18
- Shell more obese . D. leucopsis
18 The palatal margin of the outer peristome is sinuous
. D. decollata
- The palatal margin of the outer peristome not or slight¬
ly sinuous . D. floris
19 About 5 ribs per 0.5 mm on the apertural side of the
penultimate whorl, parietal margins of the peristome not
or hardly sinuous . 20
- About 4 ribs per 0.5 mm on the apertural side of the
penultimate whorl, parietal margins of both the inner
and outer peristomes sinuous . D. torquilla
20 Aperture is circular, axial ribs are rather strong and
high, aperture is tilted about 10-15° to the coiling axis
. D. lucifuga
- Aperture with straight columellar side and angulate
basal / columellar junction of the outer peristome, axial
ribs moderately strong, aperture is not tilted to the coil¬
ing axis . D. fluminis
271
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Key to Moussonia
1 Shell with strong peristonnal rinn reinforced by labial
callus . 2
- Peristonnal rinn not present . 8
2 Shell dextral, conical . 3
- Shell sinistroid, cylindrical (up to five early whorls are
dextral, shell coiling direction reverses to sinistra I from
the 5^^ whorl, 5 early whorls are completely overgrown by
the tuba) . M. monstrificabilis sp. nov.
3 Shell broadly conical . 4
- Shell slender, either high conical . 5
4 Parietal is Y-like, merged from two parietal lamellae
columella with more or less horizontal knob .
. M. separanda sp. nov.
- Parietalis simple, knob of the columella is directed up¬
wards . M. pseudoseparanda sp. nov.
5 Axial ribs very delicate and poorly indicated, shell sur¬
face looks smooth or finely axially striate at 80x magnifi¬
cation . M. torricelli sp. nov.
- Axial ribs more conspicuous . 6
6 Shell H ~1 mm, axial ribs very widely-spaced .
. M. hyponepia
- Shell H over 1.8 mm, axial ribs are dense . 7
7 Shell H 2. 5-2. 9 mm, shell more obese, the peripheral
Carina poorly defined . M. omias
- Shell H up to 2.2 mm, shell slender, the peripheral
Carina stronger developed . M. papuana
8 The inner peristome discontinued at the insertion of
the columellar denticle, shell less high . 9
- The inner peristome continuous, shell high and slen¬
der . M. ahena
9 Rectangular sculpture not present on the teleoconch
or is not prominent . 10
- Shell sculpture with rather prominent irregularly rect¬
angular cells between spiral and axial sculpture .
. M. manuselae sp. nov.
10 W = 8, shell H over 2.5 mm, rectangular sculpture
less prominent on shell . 11
- W = 7, shell H under 2.5 mm, shell with prominent
rectangular sculpture (Plate 28 figs 4 & 6) .
. M. manuselae sp. nov.
11 Shell H about 3.5 mm, shell comparatively wider with
smaller aperture (Plate 27 fig. 17) . M. hirsute
- Shell H about 2.7 mm, shell comparatively slender
with larger aperture (Plate 28 fig. 14) . M. strubelli
Key to Arinia and Palaina
Since delinnitation between Arinia and Paiaina
rennains unclear (see diagnoses of both genera
above), the present key is valid for both groups fronn
the study area.
1 Shell dextral {Palaina angulata is assessed in both
branches) . 2
- Shell sinistral {Palaina angulata is assessed in both
branches) . 23
2 The umbilicus is narrowly open in adult, the operculum
with median tubular process on the outer surface .
. A. talautana
- Umbilicus is closed in adult . 3
3 No axial ribs on last two whorls at 80x magnification,
shell is smooth or with inconspicuous axial striation (ear¬
ly whorls with very widely-spaced axial ribs) . 4
- Axial ribs more or less prominent even when very wide¬
ly-spaced, well indicated at 80x or smaller magnifica¬
tion . 5
4 Shell obese and large, H ~4 mm . A. crassiventrls
- Shell slender cylindrical and small, H ~1.8-2.1 mm ...
. A. tjendanae
5 Axial ribs are dense or moderately distant, not D-like
bent at the peripheries of the teleoconch whorls and not
developed into lamella-like protrudings . 6
- Axial ribs are very widely-spaced and strongly D-like
bent at the peripheries of the teleoconch whorls in a
form of low protrudings (Plate 47 figs 1-3), in juvenile
shells ribs develop into spine-like folded protrudings
(Plate 47 fig. 4) . P. thomasrinteleni sp. nov.
6 Shell is very small, H ~1.3-1.4 mm, axial ribs widely-
spaced, peristome is strongly double without lamellae
between the equally strong inner and outer peristomes
. P. minutula sp. nov.
- Shell H 1.8 mm or larger, margins of the peristome
are less strong, several lamellae present in lateral view
between the inner and the outer peristomes . 7
7 Shell with a strong (large and distinctly angulate) bulb
beyond the constriction (visible in apertural view) . 8
- When present, bulb is inconspicuous (flat) . 13
8 The penultimate whorl not bulbous, not or slightly wid¬
er than the penultimate whorl in apertural view . 9
- The penultimate whorl bulbous, wider than the penul¬
timate whorl in apertural view .... P. dianctoldes sp. nov.
9 Columella without backwards directed knob . 10
- Columella with a large backwards directed knob .
. P. telnovi
10 Peristome is ordinary, not very broad in lateral view
. 12
- Peristome is conspicuosly broad in lateral view .... 11
11 H~5-6 mm, columella with flat but distinct basal
knob, parietal callus present in the aperture .
. P. chrysostoma
H ~3-4 mm, columella with inconspicuous semitranspar¬
ent basal knob, columellar callus present in the aperture
in certain specimens . P. polystoma
12 Axial ribs generally denser, about 17-20 ribs per 1
mm on the penultimate whorl in apertural view, shell
more conical, less obese, axial ribs almost disappear at
the constriction, bulb is weak .... P. vermeuleni sp. nov.
- Axial ribs generally less dense, about 10-13 ribs per
1 mm on the penultimate whorl in apertural view, shell
comparatively more obese, axial ribs becoming denser
and more delicate but not disappear at the constriction,
bulb is stronger . P. novogulneensis
13 Shell distinctly conical, teleoconch whorls widen
evenly . 14
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
- Shell either obese conical or cylindrical with conical or
flattened apex (only few early whorls are conical), teleo-
conch whorls widen rapidly . 16
14 Peristome is thick in lateral view, consists of nu¬
merous lamellae between the inner and the outer peri¬
stomes . 15
- Peristome is thin in lateral view, no or few flat lamellae
between the stronger developed inner and outer peri¬
stomes . P. brazieri
15 Shell is large to very large, H ~4.3-5.2 mm, the pala¬
tal margin of the peristome is straight, peristome is mod¬
erately thick in lateral view . P. gardneri
- Shell is small, H ~3 mm, the palatal margin of the peri¬
stome is strongly sinuous, peristome is very thick in lat¬
eral view . P solomonensis
16 Shell obese or cylindrical, aperture more or less cen¬
tered below the penultimate whorl in apertural view, the
constriction poorly defined on shell wall . 17
- Shell shape high cylindrical, aperture shifted right
against the coiling axis in apertural view, the constric¬
tion is defined by a distinct impression .. P. diepenheimi
17 The outer peristome is not or partly expanding be¬
yond the inner one, not encircling the aperture and not
extraordinary broad . 18
- The outer peristome expands strongly beyond the in¬
ner one, encircles the aperture and is broadly discontin¬
ued parietally . A. patagiata
18 Columella with a large backwards directed knob .. 19
- Columella without knob . 20
19 Shell is large and very obese, H ~3. 6-3.8 mm, tuba
and aperture are strongly ascending . P ascendens
- Shell is small and slender cylindrical, H ~1.8-2 mm,
tuba and aperture are not ascending . P carbavica
20 Shell is small, cylindrical or fusiform, H -2.05-3 mm,
no bulb present . 21
- Shell is large, H -3-4 mm, obese, an inconspicuous
bulb beyond the constriction . P. mairasi sp. nov.
21 Shell cylindrical with short apex (e.g. plate 30 figs 11-
13, plate 40 figs 1-9) . 22
- Shell with conical apex (Plate 32 figs 1-2, 4-9), the
operculum with concentric ridges, W = 5^4- 5 V2 .
. P. angulata
22 The outer peristome stronger than the inner one, the
inner peristome situated distant from the outer one in
lateral view . P. manggaraica
- The outer peristome not stronger than the inner one,
the inner peristome situated close to the outer one in
lateral view . A. blanda
23 The umbilicus is open in adult . 24
- The umbilicus is very narrowly open in adult .
. P. slapcinskyi sp. nov.
- The umbilicus is closed in adult . 27
24 Shell obese . 25
- Shell distinctly conical, the umbilicus is broadly open
. P. perspectiva sp. nov.
- Shell high cylindrical, the umbilicus less broadly open
. P. mutis sp. nov.
25 The umbilicus distinct but rather narrow, the tuba is
not or slightly ascending, shell is small or large . 26
- The umbilicus is broadly open, shell is large, H -4-4.25
mm, the tuba is strongly ascending .
. P. megalostoma sp. nov.
26 Shell is small, H -1.9-2. 2 mm, the ultimate whorl
is about as wide as the penultimate whorl in apertural
view, aperture is rather small, about a half of the ulti¬
mate whorl’s width . P. papuamontis sp. nov.
- Shell is large, H -3.6-4 mm, the ultimate whorl is
significantly broader than the penultimate whorl in ap¬
ertural view, aperture is more than half of the ultimate
whorl’s width . P. erythropeplos
27 Axial ribs simple and not c-like bent on the periphery
of the last two whorls . 28
- Axial ribs very widely-spaced and c-like bent on
the last two whorls, the outer peristome expands very
strongly wing-like beyond the inner one .
. P. tanimbarensis sp. nov.
28 Axial ribs not very distant (there are more than 8 ribs
per 1 mm on the penultimate whorl in apertural view),
the outer peristome is not wing-like even if it expands
beyond inner one . 29
- Axial ribs very distant (about 4-6 ribs per 1 mm on
the penultimate whorl in apertural view) except at the
constriction, they are lamella-like (fragile), the outer peri¬
stome strongly wing-like expands beyond the inner one
(Plate 41 figs 10-19) . P. mirifica sp. nov.
29 Shell distinctly conical, axial ribs in a form of high la¬
mellae (these lamellae are fragile and easily get broken,
especially in older specimens) . 30
- Shell conical or of different shape, axial ribs are not
lamella-like . 32
30 The ultimate whorl is narrower than the penultimate
whorl in apertural view, axial ribs are not tilted in a direc¬
tion opposite to the coiling axis . 31
- The ultimate whorl is about as wide as the penultimate
whorl in apertural view, axial ribs are tilted in a direction
opposite to the coiling axis at least on the penultimate
whorl (Plate 44 fig. 21) . P. ponsonbyi
31 Axial ribs are humped and high (Plate 37 figs 13-17),
columella with backwards directed median knob (Fig.
55) . P. dohertyi
- Axial ribs are not humped and comparatively lower
(Plate 32 figs 14-19), columella without median knob
but is inconspicuously twisted medially (Figs 44-45) .
. P. attenboroughi sp. nov.
32 Shell with a strong (large and distinctly angulate) bulb
beyond the constriction (visible in apertural view) .... 33
- When present the post-constriction bulb is inconspicu¬
ous (flat) . 34
33 Axial ribs are significantly more distant on early
whorls than on the last two whorls (Plate 40 figs 14-16),
the penultimate whorl is somewhat bulbous in apertural
view, shell FI -4 mm . P. aerari
- Axial ribs almost equally dense on all teleoconch
whorls (Plate 34 figs 1-3), the penultimate whorl is not
bulbous in apertural view, shell FI -3 mm or less .
. P. bougainvillei sp. nov.
34 Tuba is not protruding from shell outline . 35
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
- Tuba is protrudingfronn shell outline (Plate 45, figs 23-
24) . P. schneideri
35 The inner peristonne is discontinued parietally or en¬
tire and expanding, but then it covers less than a half of
the ultinnate whorl in apertural view . 50
- The inner peristonne is entire and expands strongly,
covers a half or nnore of the ultinnate whorl . 36
36 The penultimate whorl is not or slightly bulbous, not
or slightly wider than the ultimate whorl in apertural
view . 37
- The penultimate whorl bulbous, significantly widerthan
the ultimate whorl in apertural view . P. papuanorum
37 Shell broadly conical with evenly widening teleoconch
whorls (Plate 35 figs 21-23, plate 38 figs 10-12, plate 47
figs 20, 22-24) . 38
- Shell either obese conical, cylindrical, subcylindrical or
subovate with conical or flattened apex, the teleoconch
whorls widen rapidly . 40
38 Peristome is circular (the parietal margin is not
straight), not covering all of the penultimate whorl .. 39
- Peristome is subquadrate (the parietal margin
straight), expands very strongly and completely covers
the ultimate whorl . P. clappi
39 Axial ribs more widely-spaced, there are about 6 ribs
per 0.5 mm on the penultimate whorl (in apertural view),
axial lamellae are very dense and delicate at the end of
tuba near the peristome, shell is somewhat slender .
. P wisemani
- Axial ribs denser, there are ~7-8 ribs per 0.5 mm, axial
lamellae are stronger (higher) and more distant at the
end of tuba, shell generally broader . P. floridensis
40 All teleoconch whorls with almost uniform dense
straight or sinuous ribs . 41
- Two first teleoconch whorls with very peculiar axial rib¬
bing pattern - ribs are curved backwards and form cup¬
shaped pits . P. cupuHfera
41 Axial ribs straight or oblique against the coiling axis
on the penultimate whorl in apertural view, ribs are not
strongly sinuous, shell H not exceeding 3.6 mm . 42
- Axial ribs strongly oblique against the coiling axis on
the penultimate whorl in apertural view and are distinct¬
ly sinuous, shell H ~3.9 mm . P. consobrina
42 Peristome has two protrudings- near the palatal / pa¬
rietal and the parietal / columellar junctions (best visible
in lateral view) (Plate 39 figs 1 & 3, plate 45 figs 18-19,
plate 46 figs 15 & 17) . 43
- Peristome without protrudings . 45
43 Axial ribs are high, somewhat like low lamellae (Plate
39 figs 104, plate 46 figs 15-17) . 44
- Axial ribs are moderately high (Plate 45 figs 18-20),
there are 7 ribs per 1mm . P. scaevola
44 Columella with a strong basal knob, there are 9-10
axial ribs per 1mm . P. laszloi sp. nov.
- Columella is simple with an obtuse median angulation,
up to 5 axial ribs per 1 mm ... P. sparselamellata sp. nov.
45 The outer peristome is not visible beyond the expand¬
ed margin of the inner peristome in apertural view or
only parts of it are visible . 46
- The outer peristome is slightly expanded, is visible be¬
yond the inner one in apertural view .... P. leptotoreutos
46 Shell not strongly obese (Plate 38 figs 29-31, plate
39 figs 12-14, plate 44 figs 26-29), the maximum height
of the peristome is less than 50% of shell height .... 47
- Shell strongly obese, the maximum height of the peri¬
stome is about 50% of shell height . 49
47 Columellar margin of the peristome is straight or al¬
most straight . 48
- Columellar margin of the peristome is sinuous .
. P. propinqua
48 The palatal margin of the inner peristome slightly sin¬
uous, the penultimate whorl is as wide as the previous in
lateral view (Plate 39 figs 12-14) . P. liliputana
- The palatal margin of the inner peristome is straight,
the penultimate whorl is slightly narrower than the previ¬
ous one in lateral view (Plate 38 figs 29-31) .
. P. inconspicua
49 Aperture is circular, the position of the aperture is
shifted left against the coiling axis in apertural view,
shell is stronger obese (Plate 45 figs 15-17) .
. P. repandostoma
- Aperture is ovoid, the aperture is more or less cen¬
tered below the penultimate whorl in apertural view,
shell is generally slender with conical protoconch (Plate
47 figs 17-19) . P. wawiyai sp. nov.
50 Suture is moderately or deeply impressed and whorls
are convex, the outer peristome without or with less than
four protrudings . 51
- Suture and whorls are rather flat, the outer peristome
with four obtuse protrudings (Plate 45 figs 10-14) .
. P. quadricornis
51 Shell about twice higher than broad, shell slender
and distinctly conical (Plate 34 figs 13-15, plate 37 figs
22-24) . 52
- Shell less than twice higher than broad or shell shape
is cylindrical, obese or fusiform and not conical . 53
52 Maximum diameter of the peristome in fully grown
specimens is significantly narrower than the ultimate
whorl in apertural view (Plate 34 fig. 13) ... P. bundiana
- Maximum diameter of the peristome in fully grown
specimens is almost as wide as the ultimate whorl in
apertural view (Plate 37 figs 22 & 28) .
. P. extremita sp. nov.
53 The peristome with two or more obtuse angulate
sometimes inconspicuous protrudings . 54
- The margins of the outer peristome are straight or sin¬
uous, not developed into angulate protrudings . 58
54 Peristomal protrudings are derived from the outer
peristome, columella without an internal callus . 55
- Protrudings are derived from both the inner and the
outer peristomes, columella is broad and smooth with
glass-like semitransparent callus around its inner mar¬
gin (Plate 40 figs 17, 19-20) . P. mengen sp. nov.
55 Shell subovate, rather obese in median part, colu¬
mella without knob . 56
- Shell cylindrical, columella with a very large backwards
directed knob (Fig. 82) . P. paradisaea sp. nov.
56 Operculum with a small F-like median “handler” on
the inner surface (Plate 41 figs 28-30, plate 43 figs 10-
274
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
12) . 57
- Operculum with a large and broad handle-like medi¬
an protruding on the inner surface, columella is simple
(Plate 33 figs 10-12) . P. bicornis
57 Columella with a median knob which is visible in the
aperture as a small columellar denticle (Figs 75-76) .
. P misoolensis sp. nov.
- Columella is simple and thin, without knob (Fig. 80) ..
. P onin sp. nov.
58 Shell generally conical, the teleoconch whorls widen
evenly . 59
- Shell of different shape, the teleoconch whorls widen
rapidly . 60
59 Shell generally slender and higher, FI ~3.7-6 mm ....
. P. novopommerana
- Shell generally smaller, FI ~2. 7-3.5 mm .... P. commix-
ta [additional material is required to uncover additional
specific characters of these two similar species]
60 The outer peristome expands strongly beyond the in¬
ner one, broadly encircles the aperture and is broadly
discontinued parietally . 61
- The outer peristome is not or partly expanding beyond
the inner one, not encircling the aperture (if encircling,
than is not extraordinary broad) . 62
61 Shell is comparatively slender, axial ribs are denser
(17-18 ribs per 1 mm on the penultimate whorl), axial
ribs not becoming higher on the ultimate whorl .
. P. granulum
- Shell is comparatively broader, axial ribs are widely-
spaced (about 7 ribs per 1 mm on the penultimate
whorl), axial ribs becoming high on the ultimate whorl ..
. P. silvicultrix sp. nov.
62 Shell obese, short subovate with the last two whorls
much wider than the previous ones . 63
- Shell slender, the last two whorls less strongly wider
than the previous ones . 65
63 Shell FI -1.75 mm (less than 2 mm) .
. P. imperfecta sp. nov.
- Shell FI over 2 mm . 64
64 The constriction situated on same axis with the pari¬
etal side of the aperture, it is defined by denser axial ribs
and a sutural impression, shell FI -3.8 mm .. P. glabella
- The constriction situated on same axis with the colu¬
mellar side of the aperture, it is defined by denser axial
ribs and a sutural impression, shell FI -2. 1-2.3 mm .
. P. obiensis sp. nov.
65 Axial ribs becoming max. 2.5x more distant on tuba
. 66
- Axial ribs becoming 3x more distant on tuba, shell is
cylindrical, the palatal margin of the inner peristome is
strongly sinuous . P. hartmanni sp. nov.
66 Shell FI less than 3 mm, other characters not meet
together like in antithesis . 67
- Shell FI -3.5 mm, axial ribs very delicate and rather
high, spiral striae very delicate (Plate 35 figs 15-17) .
. P. citrinella
67 The operculum is derivative - high (tuba-like), with
several layers of concentric lines on the outer surface
(Plate 31 fig. 6 & plate 45 fig. 9) . 68
- The operculum with or without concentric ridges but is
not tuba-like on the outer surface . 69
68 Shell rather slender but not conical, the penultimate
and the ultimate whorls almost equally wide in apertural
view (Plate 31 figs 1-3) . P. adelpha
- Shell less slender with maximum width on the penul¬
timate whorl (in apertural view) and with broadly conical
apex (Plate 45 figs 1-6) . P. psittricha sp. nov.
69 Columella is straight, slightly curved or twisted, with¬
out median knob . 70
- Columella with a large median backwards directed
knob (Fig. 53) . P. doberai sp. nov.
70 Axial ribs becoming max 2x more distant on tuba .. 71
- Axial ribs becoming 2.5x more distant on tuba, shell
1.8-2x higher than broad (Plate 39 figs 18-20) .
. P. louisiade sp. nov.
71 Shell apex conical, shell is not regularly cylindrical ..
. 72
- Shell apex is flattened, shell is regularly conical ... 73
72 Columella is rather broad with glass-like semitrans¬
parent inner edge (Figs 40-42), shell is predominantly
dextral with known sinistra I specimens . P. angulata
- Columella is thin and straight (Fig, 97) .
. P. yamdena sp. nov.
73 Spiral striae are rather distinct at 80x magnification
(but very delicate and dense at 300x magnification) .. 74
- Spiral striae are lacking at 80x magnification (but very
delicate and dense at 300x magnification, there are
9-10 rows of spiral striae per 30 pm measured above
the aperture), several lamellae present between the in¬
ner and the outer peristome ... P. flavocylindrica sp. nov.
74 Columella without basal knob, there are significantly
less than 25 ribs per 0.5 mm . 75
- Columella with basal knob, there are two rather strong
lamellae between the inner and the outer peristome,
there are 4 rows of spiral striae per 30 pm (measured
above the aperture), 25-28 ribs per 0.5 mm .
. P. minuscularia sp. nov.
75 Shell less than 2x higher than broad, peristome is
double or triple . 76
- Shell rather high cylindrical, about 2x higher than
broad, peristome is triple (Plate 32 figs 24-26), shell FI
-1.8-2 mm . P. beilanensis
76 Shell FI -1.1-1.6 mm, peristome is thin in lateral view
and consists of a few lamellae . 77
- Shell FI -1.8-1.95 mm, peristome is triple, rather broad
in lateral view and consists of several dense lamellae,
the outer peristome is not or slightly stronger than the
inner one (Plate 38 figs 26-28) . P. insulana sp. nov.
77 The operculum is without concentric ridges . 78
- The operculum with low concentric ridges and a shal¬
low median impression on the outer surface .... P. biroi
78 Axial ribbing pattern changes evenly starting from the
constriction . 79
- There are abrupt changes in the axial ribbing pattern -
starting from the constriction the ribs becoming coarser
and twice more distant . 80
79 With a short zone free of axial ribs at the constric¬
tion . P. iha sp. nov.
275
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
- Axial ribbing pattern not discontinued at the constric¬
tion . P. albrechti sp. nov.
80 Shell generally lower (Plate 39 figs 5-7), W = 4%-
5, axial ribs nnore widely-spaced and stronger oblique
to the coiling axis, the outer peristonne expanding less
strongly, colunnella widening basally (Figs 65-66) .
. P. lengguru sp. nov.
- Shell generally higher (Plate 47 figs 8-13), W = 5V2,
axial ribs are denser and slightly oblique to the coiling
axis, the outer peristonne is connparatively nnore expand¬
ing, colunnella not widening basally (Figs 94-95) .
. P. waigeo sp. nov. [the specimen from Wayag has
denser ribs on the tuba than Waigeo specimens]
Biogeographic assessment of the Papuan and
Waiiacean Dipiommatinidae (Sulawesi excluded)
Data accunnulated during this study allows a
prelinninary biogeographic assessnnent. The paucity
of phylogenetic information and unequal data avail¬
able for different parts of the study area prevent
this assessment from being comprehensive. Data
on species richness and endemism for certain is¬
lands and insular groups are discussed in table 19.
Generally, Palaina is the most diverse genus in this
part of the world while Diplommatina represents
another species-rich group with highest diversity on
the Sunda and Banda arcs islands. Species diver¬
sity of Diplommatina decreases significantly east of
Timor and the North Moluccas. Vice versa, Palaina
becomes less diverse on the Sunda Arc and the
Moluccas than it is in Raja Ampat, New Guinea and
the Solomon Islands.
Table 19. Geographical records of the Dipiommatinidae in Wallacea (Sulawesi excluded) and the Papuan Region.
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara) species
The Lesser Sunda Islands extend fronn Lonnbok
in the West to Wetar in the East, fornning a chain
of snnall to nnid-sized islands of nnostly tertiary and
quaternary volcanic origin. The largest islands are
(west to east) Lonnbok, Sunnbawa, Sunnba, Flores,
Timor, Alor, and Wetar. While Lombok and Sum-
bawa situated on the Sunda Arc, other islands of
this region are part of the Banda Arc with a geologi¬
cal discontinuity between these two island groups.
Being a part of Wallacea, these islands differ con¬
siderably from the rest of the study area in their
climate and types of habitats. Forests are less
common because seasonally dry periods limit for¬
est development and this naturally patchy forest is
further reduced by human activity. Lowland forests
of the Lesser Sunda Islands are mostly seasonal,
and separated by vast grasslands.
Distribution of diplommatinidsonthese islands
is limited to wet montane forests (Sumba, Flores,
montane areas of western part of Timor) as well
as high altitude limestone outcrops in open areas
(eastern part of Timor). Compared to other insular
systems within the study area, the diplommatinid
fauna of the Lesser Sunda Islands is peculiar due
to its high relative diversity of Diplommatina spe¬
cies. Of totally 20 diplommatinid species current¬
ly reported from Lesser Sunda Islands, there are
12 Diplommatina and 8 Arinia / Palaina species
(although there are few characters differentiating
the two genera, as a result there is taxonomic un¬
certainty between the two genera, consider notes
above). Diplommatina may be an element of Ori¬
ental origin spreading from Greater Sunda Islands
eastwards across Sunda Arc and later - Banda Arc
islands. While Palaina, the most diverse diplomma¬
tinid group in the Papuan Region, reach Java from
the opposite direction. No diplommatinid records
are hitherto known from Alor, Sumbawa and Wetar.
Recent material for this study was available from
Flores, Timor and Bali (the latter island is outside
the study area but lies in proximity of Lombok). Ma¬
terial from Timor-Leste was not available.
Only one diplommatinid species is probably
endemic to Lombok.
The Malacofauna of Sumba comprises 6
Diplommatina species (one is shared with Greater
Sunda Islands, another one with West Timor) and
3 Arinia species of which Arinia (s. I.) tjendanae B.
Rensch, 1931 is also known from the Aru Islands.
Flores has one Arinia, 4 Diplommatina (one
species shared with Greater Sunda Islands) and 3
Palaina species.
The dry western part of Timor is poorly sam¬
pled with 2 Diplommatina species (one is shared
with Sumba), as well as one Palaina species
Generally, the Lesser Sunda Islands are insuf¬
ficiently researched for Diplommatinidae and the
real number of species here is certainly much high¬
er than presently known.
Tanimbar Islands species
The Tanimbar Islands, which were formerly
also known as Timorlaut have never been a part of
Sahul and never been connected to the Australian
plate. The nearest distance between the Tanimbars
and the Sahul shelf is about 30 km. Instead, the
Tanimbar Islands are the easternmost extension of
the Banda Arc. The malacofauna of the Tanimbar
Islands is of various origin both Asian and Austra¬
lian (Vermeulen 1996b). Colonization of the is¬
lands from Asia was possible across the Sunda and
Banda arcs islands and colonization from Australia
was possible across relatively short distances from
nearby Papuan islands.
Four Palaina species are known from Yamde-
na, the largest of the Tanimbar Islands, all of them
2 Over ten Diplommatinidae species were collected
in Timor-Leste by the Australian Museum expeditions
(according to httDs://australianmuseum.net.au/image/
land-snails-of-timor-leste-2). As stated above, this
material was not available for my study.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
were collected recently and are described in the
present work.
Moluccan species
The Moluccas (or Maluku), sonne thousands of
snnall and a few mid-sized islands, are of various
geological origins. For example, the islands that
became the arms of Halmahera were in proximity
to the north-western coast of New Guinea in their
geological past (Polhemus 2007) while the west¬
ern part of this island is part of a young volcanic
belt (Hall et al. 1988). Three main geographical
groups can be recognized within the Moluccas: the
North Moluccas, which include the Talaud Islands,
of which Halmahera, Bacan, Morotai and Obira are
the largest; the Central Moluccas of which Seram
and Buru are the largest; the South-Eastern Mo¬
luccas (from where no Diplommatinidae material
was available), which include Key Islands, Banda
Islands. The Sula Islands, including Taliabu and
Mangole, are administratively part of the North
Moluccas but are rather isolated geographically.
The Moluccas are covered by lowland rainforests,
with few high mountains available (for example, the
Manusela Range on Seram).
In total, 21 diplommatinid species are re¬
ported from the Moluccas. No records are hitherto
available from the South-Eastern Moluccas or the
Sula Islands.
The “classic” North Moluccas (Sula Islands ex¬
cluded) harbour 15 currently known diplommatinid
species, none of which shared with other island
groups. This is the only island group in the study
area from where Diancta species are known (5 spe¬
cies in total). Diplommatina and Palaina are repre¬
sented by 4 species each, while Arinia and Mousso-
nia - by one each. Three geographically separated
island groups can be recognized within the North
Moluccas: a northern group including Halmahera,
Bacan, Morotai and their adjacent islands; a south¬
ern group, the Obi Islands; and an eastern group
encompassing Gebe, Ju and adjacent islets (see
Greke 2012 for further data on the malacofauna
of Gebe Island). No diplommatinid records are hith¬
erto available from Gebe. Diplommatinids are rep¬
resented by 8 species on the southern islands of
which only Diplommatina (s. I.) radiiformis Preston,
1913 is shared with the northern group, as well as
with Belangbeland Island and on the northern arm
of Halmahera and on Tidore.
The Central Moluccan diplommatinid fauna
is comprised of only 6 species, 3 each of Mousso-
nia and Palaina. Prior to this study, an “endemic”
monotypic genus Anostomella was described from
this region, which is synonymized with Palaina in
the present publication. Large islands of Buru and
Seram have only one and two diplommatinid spe¬
cies respectively, while small and limestone rich
Lease Islands Just south of Seram are inhabited by
5 species. The Lease Island species have success¬
fully survived centuries of human activities in this
area. No recent material was available from Buru
Island for this study.
The total number of diplommatinid species is
hard to predict for the Moluccas, but it should be at
least 4x higher than the 21 species that are pres¬
ently known.
Raja Ampat species
Of five main islands forming this group: Batan-
ta, Kofiau, Misool, Salawati, Waigeo, diplommatinid
material is hitherto only available from Misool,
Waigeo, as well as from tiny Polee (Yfpolee) and
Wayag. Misool and Waigeo have different geologi¬
cal histories. The Raja Ampat Islands are covered
by dense lowland rainforests.
Misool Island is most distant from New Guin¬
ea’s Doberai Peninsula, about 70 km at closest
distance, and about 60 km from Salawati. But this
island is fully docked to the western margin of the
Australian craton (Beehler 2007). Waigeo lies on
the Papuan platform and is situated closer to Do¬
berai and Salawati, but separated from them by the
submarine trace of the Sorong Fault. Islands that
later became parts of Waigeo were in proximity to
the north-western coast of New Guinea in their geo¬
logical past (Polhemus 2007).
The Misool diplommatinid fauna demonstrates
similarity with the lowland fauna of western New
Guinea. Eight species were known, mostly from the
NW part of the island, an additional 8 species were
discovered from our recent surveys in the central
and southern parts of the island. One Diplomma¬
tina, 4 Moussonia and 11 Palaina species hitherto
known from Misool. Diplommatina (s. I.) telnovi sp.
nov. and Palaina (s. I.) novoguineensis E.A. Smith
are shared with Doberai and Onin peninsulas
of New Guinea. I project the total number of the
Diplommatinidae is at least twice higher on Misool
since most of this island remains unexplored by
malacologists.
One Palaina species also found on a nearby
Polee (Yfpolle) Island but is not yet discovered on
Misool itself.
The Diplommatinid fauna of Waigeo is com¬
prised of eleven species, of which only one was
278
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
known prior to this study. One Diplommatina and
10 Palaina species occur on Waigeo. None of these
species are shared with other geographical areas.
Two of the 11 species are already reported fronn
both the western and eastern peninsulas of the is¬
land, while 9 species considered restricted to the
western peninsula. Additional studies need to be
carried out, especially in the eastern and northern
parts of the island. I consider the real nunnber of
Misool diplonnnnatinid species could be at least 3x
higher than presently known. Palaina waigeo sp.
nov. was also discovered on nearby Wayag islet.
Wayag itself harbors at least two Palaina spe¬
cies, one of which is presumably endemic.
A total of 28 diplommatinid species are cur¬
rently recorded from the Raja Ampat Islands.
Aru Islands species
The Aru Islands are low-lying limestone land-
bridge islands on the Papuan platform with the
fauna generally similar to the southern lowlands
of New Guinea (Beehler 2007; Polhemus & Allen
2007). The Aru Islands are covered by dense low¬
land rainforests. One new and three previously
known diplommatinid species: 1 of each Arinia,
Diplommatina, Moussonia, and Palaina have been
reported from Aru. Currently, three species consid¬
ered endemic to Aru but their occurrence in south¬
ern New Guinea is not fully excluded. The record of
Arinia (s. I.) tjendanae B. Rensch, 1931 from Aru
Islands is interesting since this species was initially
described from Sumba Island of Nusa Tenggara
over 1600 km west from Aru. Record of this species
in Aru is from primary rainforest habitat, therefore
a chance of import from Lesser Sunda Islands is
considered low. Without doubt, the diplommatinid
fauna of the Aru Islands is not completely known.
Cenderawasih Bay Islands species
Biak, Owi and Supiori islands were not con¬
nected to the Papuan platform during the Pleis¬
tocene (Polhemus & Allen 2007). While Biak is of
Quaternary limestone origin, Supiori demonstrates
exposures of island arc volcanics (Polhemus & Al¬
len 2007). Yapen is a land-bridge island and a part
of the Mobile Belt affiliated with the Sorong fault
(Beehler 2007). The vertebrate fauna and aquatic
invertebrate fauna of Yapen is almost lacking en¬
demism (Beehler 2007; Polhemus & Allen 2007)
and is similar to the fauna of the north-western low¬
lands and northern coastal ranges of New Guinea.
The rugged Cenderawasih Bay Islands are covered
by dense lowland rainforests but flat Biak Island is
badly deforested.
Six diplommatinid species, all of the genus
Palaina, are currently known from Biak and nearby
Cwi. Cne of these species is also found on Yapen
(see below).
The malacofauna of Yapen is very poorly
known and Palaina (s. I.) propinqua van Benthem
Jutting, 1963, is the only diplommatinid species
known from there, and is shared with Biak.
No Diplommatinidae records are hitherto
known from Numfoor and Supiori.
No recent material was available from Cender¬
awasih Bay islands for the present study. I estimate
the diplommatinid fauna of Biak, Numfoor, Supiori
and Yapen will probably include at least 30 species.
New Guinea species
New Guinea is not only World’s largest tropi¬
cal island, but also the most diverse one in terms
of available habitats and altitude gradients. Be¬
sides Seram, New Guinea is the only island in the
study area with alpine vegetation and mountains
reaching over 3000 m. The Geological history of
New Guinea is very complex and remains incom¬
pletely resolved (Polhemus 2007). However, many
of New Guinea’s habitats, for example alpine habi¬
tats, are not likely to be suitable for diplommatinids
(see subchapter “Areas where no Diplommatinidae
found or expected” below).
Very limited historical material and recent col¬
lections of Diplommatinidae are available from
New Guinea. Eight species (all Palaina) were known
from New Guinea priorto this study. Now 25 species
are recorded from New Guinea (land area 785753
km^, compare with 16 species known from Misool
of 2034 km2). Cf these 25 species two are shared
with Misool Island and 23 considered endemic to
particular mountain ranges and geological terranes
on New Guinea.
With regard to the geological history of New
Guinea and in terms of endemism, I declare Dobe-
rai Peninsula (also known as Bird’s Head or Kepala
Burung) inclusive Bird’s Neck Isthmus as an area of
endemism for terrestrial snails besides other areas
(like northern New Guinea, Central Cordillera).
Except one record based on misidentifica-
tion species from Manokwari surroundings (van
Benthem Jutting 1963), no diplommatinid records
from Doberai Peninsula were published until now.
Despite intensive searches, Diplommatinidae are
unknown from the mountainous northern half of
the peninsula (Arfak & Tamarau mountains) while
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
4 species {Diplommatina and Palaina 2 each) are
known fronn southern lowlands of Doberai. Bonnb-
erai Peninsula is an area without diplonnnnatinid
records while the attached Onin Peninsula har¬
bors 8 species (2 Diplommatina, 1 Moussonia, 5
Palaina). Of these Diplommatina (s. I.) telnovi sp.
nov. is shared with lowlands of Doberai Peninsula
and Misool Island and Palaina (s. I.) novoguineen-
sis E.A. Snnith, 1897 also occurs on linnestone anti¬
clines of the Bird’s Neck Isthnnus. Phylogenetically
very conspicuous Moussonia pseudoseparanda
sp. nov. has its closest relatives M. monstrificabilis
sp. nov. and M. separanda sp. nov. on Misool Is¬
land. The Bird’s Neck anticline houses a fauna of 5
species (1 Moussonia and 4 Palaina).
Northern New Guinea has a different geologi¬
cal past and is inhabited by 6 species (1 Moussonia
and 5 Palaina) of which Palaina (s. I.) papuanorum
Soos, 1911 also known from eastern New Guinea.
Two Palaina species known from Lake Sentani
surroundings while one Moussonia and one other
Palaina considered endemic to the Torricelli Moun¬
tains.
The Eastern part of New Guinea is inhabited
by 5 Palaina species of which one is shared with
northern New Guinea (see above).
Only one peculiar species Palaina (s. I.) papua-
montis sp. nov. is known from New Guinea’s Cen¬
tral Cordillera.
It is slightly possible to estimate the potential
richness of New Guinea’s diplommatinid fauna, but
it is likely to be at least 100 species.
Louisiade Islands species
The Louisiade Islands are a string of ten rather
small volcanic islands frequently fringed by coral
reefs, and numerous coral islets located just south¬
east to nearly 200 km southeast of New Guinea,
stretching over more than 160 kilometres, these
islands are covered by lowland and lower montane
rainforests.
One Diplommatina and one Palaina are known
from these islands while 10 more species are pre¬
dicted.
Bismarck Archipelago species
The Bismarck Archipelago, including the Admi¬
ralty Islands, are islands of volcanic origin situated
between New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
There are also vast areas of raised limestone and
deep limestone caves. Main islands are New Brit¬
ain, New Ireland, Manus, and New Hanover. These
islands covered by dense lowland to mid-montane
rainforests. Diplommatinidae records are only
available from New Britain Island. This includes
both historical as well as a limited recent material.
Only 5 Palaina species are currently known
from New Britain, none of them is shared with other
archipelago’s islands or New Guinea. The estimat¬
ed total diplommatinid fauna of this archipelago
will probably be at least 5x higher.
Solomon Islands species
Geologically the Solomon Islands consist of a
double chain of volcanic islands and coral atolls
including the Papua New Guinea’s autonomous
territory of Bougainville which includes Buka and
neighbour islands. Except the two aforementioned,
other islands of the archipelago lie in two parallel
chains running northwest to southeast. Volcanoes
are abundant and the terrain is mountainous, with
peaks up to 2330 m.
The diplommatinid fauna consists of eight
Palaina species, all endemic to the archipelago.
Palaina (s. I.) aerari (Dell, 1955) and Palaina (s.
I.) gardneri Dell, 1955 are two species with larg¬
est distribution area of about 600 km shared be¬
tween Bougainville, its adjacent islands and the
Guadalcanal Islands. The remaining 6 species are
more limited in their distribution. No diplommatinid
material is hitherto available from large islands of
ChoiseuI, Malaita, New Georgia and Santa Isabel.
No recent material from the Solomon Islands was
available for this study. Additional studies are re¬
quired throughout the Solomon Islands and the
projected number of diplommatinid species is prob¬
ably at least 5x higher than present.
Areas where no Diplommatinidae were found or
are expected
Diplommatinids are silvicolus snails closely
connected with forest habitats especially rainfor¬
ests. Like many other terrestrial molluscs Diplom¬
matinidae are most abundant and diverse on
calcareous soils. Granite, igneous, clay, and slate
substrates are widely known as unfavourable for
them (Beddard 1895). The geological history of
Wallacea and the Papuan Region is very complex
(Polhemus 2007). Distribution of soils in the study
area is influenced by the combined effect of ma¬
jor soil-forming factors, namely climate, vegeta¬
tion, relief, parent material, and time (Hope & Har-
temink 2007). Since distribution of favourable and
less favourable habitats (e.g. forests versus open
280
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
habitats, linnestone soils versus granite, basalt or
clay, dry and sennidry areas versus wet areas) have
sonne peculiarities, there are certain parts within
the study area where diplonnmatinid snails were
not found and are not expected (Maps 2-4). It is
speculative to declare absence of a species or a
group in a certain area, because confirming the ab¬
sence of a species is much more time-consuming
than confirming its presence, especially for minute
species like diplommatinids that require sieving
and other specialized sampling techniques. This
statement is based on my personal experience in
2007-2017 and on the calculations, taking into ac¬
count the area and present diversity.
1. Southern semidry eucalypt forests on ulti-
sol (clay), Trans-Fly savannah: Our extensive stud¬
ies gave no results and it is unlikely this large area
is inhabited by diplommatinids. Gallery rainforests
along numerous watercourses however can hold
diplommatinid populations and are potential distri¬
bution corridors for them.
2. The Central Cordillera above the tree line:
Generally, the upper montane (2500 m and over)
rainforest areas, and areas over tree line. No
diplommatinid material is available from high alti¬
tudes in the study area, no species are known from
coniferous and myrtle forests, as well as from the
alpine vegetation.
3. Lowland swamp areas in southern New
Guinea: Our extensive studies failed to find diplom¬
matinids in these habitats and it is unlikely this
large area is inhabited by diplommatinids.
4. Basalt, granite, and heavy metals rich rock
formations are unlikely to contain diplommatinids,
although the presence of diplommatinid snails is
not completely excluded. My intensive surveys in
granite rock and soil areas in southern Misool near
Aduway village failed to uncover any Diplommatini¬
dae, although nearby areas just 15 km N or 26 km
NE of Aduway support over 15 diplommatinid spe¬
cies. Similarly, the predominantly igneous Tamarau
Mountains did not harbour any species despite
presence of isolated limestone areas. Also Arfak
mountains along a transect from Ransiki toward
Mokwam village through Anggi Lakes area gave no
diplommatinid snails. Areas like northern Waigeo
and adjacent Manuran islet, western tip of Cbira,
E tip of SE arm of Halmahera (area N and NE of
Patani) do not harbour any diplommatinids primar¬
ily because of presence of heavy metals in the soil.
5. Mangrove forests with high salt content
generally considered unsuitable for terrestrial soil
dwelling snails.
Annotated list of the Papuan and Wallacean
Diplommatinidae (Sulawesi excluded)
See Hamer & Slotow (2002) for categories of
endemism.
Arinia s. I. H. et A. Adams, 1856 (5 species)
Arinia (s. I.) blanda E.A. Smith, 1897
Distribution: Flores Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Arinia (s. I.) crassiventris B. Rensch, 1931
Distribution: Sumba Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional, local endemic.
Number of localities: 3 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: seasonal secondary & primary forests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Arinia (s. I.) patagiata van Benthem Jutting, 1958
Distribution: Sumba Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional, site endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: Areca & coconut stand.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Arinia (s. I.) taiautana (Fulton, 1899)
Distribution: Talaud Islands.
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Arinia (s. I.) tjendanae B. Rensch, 1931
Distribution: Sumba Island (Lesser Sunda Islands),
Kobroor Island (Aru Islands).
Endemism: widely distributed.
Number of localities: 3 (pre-1990), 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: riverine forests, primary lowland rainforests
on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diancta s. str. Martens, 1864 (5 species)
Diancta (s. str.) constricta (Martens, 1864)
Distribution: Ternate & Tidore islands (North Moluc¬
cas).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
lUCN assessnnent: Endangered.
Diancta (s. str.) halmaherica sp. nov.
Distribution: Hainnahera Island (North Moluccas).
Endennisnn: geographical, regional & local endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 2 (posM990).
Habitat: prinnary & secondary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Vulnerable.
Diancta (s. str.) multiplicata von Mollendorff, 1902
Distribution: Obi Islands (North Moluccas).
Endennisnn: geographical & regional endennic, ? site
endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient.
Diancta (s. str.) obiensis sp. nov.
Distribution: Obira Island, Obi Islands (North Moluc¬
cas).
Endennisnn: geographical, regional & local endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 2 (posM990).
Habitat: secondary lowland rainforests, gardens.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient.
Diancta (s. str.) torta 0. Boettger, 1891
Distribution: Bacan Island (North Moluccas).
Endennisnn: geographical & regional endennic, ? site
endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina s. I. Benson, 1849 (22 species)
Dipionnnnatina (s. I.) baiiana (Fulton, 1899)
Distribution: Sumba Island (Lesser Sunda Islands),
Bali, Java, Madura islands (Greater Sunda Islands).
Endennisnn: widely distributed.
Nunnber of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: prinnary lowland to mid montane rainforests
on limestone & volcanic soils.
Altitude zone: lowlands up to 2900 m.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Dipionnnnatina (s. I.) decoiiata van Benthem Jutting,
1958
Distribution: Sumba Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: seasonal secondary & primary forests, low¬
land rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Dipiommatina (s. I.) fioresiana E.A. Smith, 1897
Distribution: Flores Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 2 (post-1990).
Habitat: lower and mid montane rainforests on volca¬
nic soils.
Altitude zone: 1200-2205 m.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
Dipionnnnatina (s. I.) fioris B. Rensch, 1931
Distribution: Flores Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional endemic, ? site en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: montane rainforests.
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Dipionnnnatina (s. I.) fiuminis B. Rensch, 1931
Distribution: Sumba, Timor islands (Lesser Sunda Is¬
lands).
Endemism: regional endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: riverine forests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Dipionnnnatina (s. I.) javana von Mollendorff, 1897
= Dipionnnnatina javana orientaiis B. Rensch, 1931
Distribution: Flores Island (Lesser Sunda Islands),
Bali & Java islands (Greater Sunda Islands).
Endemism: widely distributed.
Number of localities: 2 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lower to mid montane
rainforests on volcanic soils.
Altitude zone: up to 2700 m.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Dipionnnnatina (s. I.) Jonabietti sp. nov.
Distribution: Flores Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 3 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lower to mid montane rainforests on
volcanic soils.
Altitude zone: 1200-2205 m.
lUCN assessment: Endangered.
Dipionnnnatina (s. I.) ieucopsis van Benthem Jutting,
1958
Distribution: Sumba Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: seasonal lowland forests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Dipionnnnatina (s. I.) iombockensis E.A. Smith, 1898
Distribution: Lombok Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) lucifuga van Benthem Jutting, 1958
Distribution: Sumba Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: Areca & coconut stand.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) maibrat sp. nov.
Distribution: southern lowlands of Doberai Peninsula
(W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) mertoni C.R. Boettger, 1922
Distribution: Maikoor Island (Aru Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) moluccensis sp. nov.
Distribution: Ternate & Tidore islands (North Moluc¬
cas).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (post-1990).
Habitat: secondary lowland rainforests on volcanic soil.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Endangered.
Diplommatina (s. I.) pata n i sp. nov.
Distribution: Halmahera Island (North Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: old-growth secondary lowland rainforests on
limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) radiiformis Preston, 1913
Distribution: Belangbelang, Halmahera, Tidore is¬
lands (North Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical endemic of North Moluccas.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 3 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lowland rainforests on
limestone & volcanic soils.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Diplommatina (s. I.) slapcinskyi sp. nov.
Distribution: Obira Island, Obi Islands (North Moluc¬
cas).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lowland rainforests, gar¬
dens.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) smith! Kobelt et von Mollendorff,
1898
Distribution: Onin Peninsula (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) symmetrica Hedley, 1891
Distribution: Basilaki Island (Louisiade Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: Pandanus stand.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) telnovi sp. nov.
Distribution: southern lowlands of Doberai Peninsula,
Onin Peninsula (W New Guinea), Misool Island (Raja Am-
pat Islands).
Endemism: geographical endemic of W New Guinea.
Number of localities: 6 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Diplommatina (s. I.) timorensis sp. nov.
Distribution: Timor Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: mid montane limestone rocks.
Altitude zone: 1620-1630 m.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) torquilla van Benthem Jutting, 1958
Distribution: Sumba Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient.
Diplommatina (s. I.) waigeoensis sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Annpat Islands).
Endennisnn: geographical, regional & local endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 5 (posM990).
Habitat: prinnary lowland rainforests on linnestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Endangered.
Moussonia 0. Semper, 1865 (12 species)
Moussonia ahena (Preston, 1913)
Distribution: Belangbelang Island, Obi Islands (North
Moluccas).
Endennisnn: geographical & regional endennic, ? site
endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient
Moussonia echinata sp. nov.
Distribution: Bird’s Neck Isthmus (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (posM990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Moussonia hirsuta (Zilch, 1953)
Distribution: Buru Island (Central Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Moussonia hyponepia (van Benthem Jutting, 1958)
comb. nov.
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Moussonia manuseiae sp. nov.
Distribution: Seram Island (Central Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical, regional, ? local endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Moussonia monstrificabiiis sp. nov.
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Moussonia omias (van Benthem Jutting, 1958) comb,
nov.
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Moussonia papuana (Tapparone Canefri, 1883)
Distribution: Tanahbesar Island (Aru Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 1 [identification
uncertain] (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Moussonia pseudoseparanda sp. nov.
Distribution: Onin Peninsula (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Moussonia separanda sp. nov.
Distribution: Misool Island & Van islet offshore Misool
(Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic (see comments on distribution of this species
in its description).
Number of localities: 3 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Moussonia strubeiii (0. Boettger, 1891)
Distribution: Ambon Island, Lease Islands (Central
Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
284
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Moussonia torricelli sp. nov.
Distribution: Torricelli Mountains (N New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 3 (posM990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina s. I. 0. Semper, 1865 (77 species)
= Anostomella Martens, 1867 syn. nov.
Palaina (s. I.) adelpha Soos, 1911
Distribution: Madang Province (NE New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 6 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland to mid montane rainforests
on limestone and granite soils.
Altitude zone: up to 2300 m.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) aerarl (Dell, 1955) comb. nov.
= Palaina megamorpha Solem, 1960 syn. nov.
Distribution: Mono Island, Bougainville Group, Florida
and Guadalcanal islands (Solomon Islands).
Endemism: geographical endemic of Solomon Islands.
Number of localities: 4 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) albrechti sp. nov.
Distribution: Torricelli Mountains (N New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) angulata 0. Boettger, 1891
Distribution: Ambon, Haruku & Saparua islands.
Lease Islands (Central Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, local en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 4 (pre- 1990), 7 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary and secondary rainforests on lime¬
stone.
Altitude zone: lowlands up to 1000 m.
lUCN assessment: Endangered.
Palaina (s. I.) ascendens (Martens, 1864)
Distribution: Ambon, Haruku & Saparua islands.
Lease Islands (Central Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, local en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 6 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary and secondary rainforests, gardens.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Endangered.
Palaina (s. I.) attenboroughi sp. nov.
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) bellanensis Preston, 1913
Distribution: Belangbelang Island, Obi islands (North
Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) bicornis van Benthem Jutting, 1958
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, local en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre-1990), 2 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) biroi Soos, 1911
Distribution: Chimbu & Madang provinces (NE New
Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, local en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 10 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lowland to upper mon¬
tane rainforests, gardens.
Altitude zone: lowlands up to 3300 m.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) bougainvillel sp. nov.
Distribution: Bougainville, Buka islands, Bougainville
Group (PNG part of Solomon Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, local en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 2 (post- 1990).
Habitat: abandoned coconut plantations, degraded
lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) brazier! (Cox, 1870)
Distribution: Makira (= San Cristobal) Island (Solo¬
mon islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: lowland and lower montane rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands and lower mountains.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Palaina (s. I.) bundiana Wiktor, 1998
Distribution: Madang province (NE New Guinea).
Endennisnn: geographical & regional endennic, ? local
endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 3 (posM990).
Habitat: gardens & degraded rainforests.
Altitude zone: 1300-1400 nn.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) carbavica 0. Boettger, 1891
Distribution: Annbon, Haruku islands. Lease Islands
and Serann Island (Central Moluccas).
Endennisnn: geographical, regional & local endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 2 (pre- 1990), 5 (posM990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lowland rainforests on
limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
Palaina (s. I.) chrysostoma E.A. Smith, 1897
Distribution: Flores Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 2 (posM990).
Habitat: primary lowland to mid montane rainforests.
Altitude zone: 525-1575 m.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
Palaina (s. I.) citrinella van Benthem Jutting, 1963
Distribution: Lake Sentani area (N New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) clappi Solem, 1960
Distribution: Nggela (= Florida) Island (Solomon Is¬
lands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) commixta I. Rensch, 1937
= Palaina commixta jacquinoti I. Rensch, 1937 syn.
nov.
Distribution: New Britain Island (Bismarck Archipela¬
go).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 3 (pre- 1990), 4 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) consobrina van Benthem Jutting, 1963
Distribution: Lake Sentani area (N New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) cupulifera van Benthem Jutting, 1963
Distribution: Biak Island (Cenderawasih Bay Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: swampy lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) dianctoides sp. nov.
Distribution: Onin Peninsula (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: limestone rocks, primary lowland rainforest.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) diepenheimi (Preston, 1913) comb. nov.
Distribution: Belangbelang Island, Obi Islands (North
Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) doberai sp. nov.
Distribution: southern lowlands of Doberai Peninsula
(W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
Palaina (s. I.) dohertyi E.A. Smith, 1897
Distribution: Onin Peninsula (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) erythropeplos van Benthem Jutting, 1958
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
286
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) extremita sp. nov.
Distribution: Milne Bay Province (E New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (posM990).
Habitat: lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
Palaina (s. I.) flavocylindrica sp. nov.
Distribution: Bird’s Neck Isthmus (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (posM990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) florldensis Solem, 1960
Distribution: Nggela (= Florida) Island (Solomon Is¬
lands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: rainforest.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) gardneri Dell, 1955
= Palaina delli Clench, 1965 syn. nov.
Distribution: Mono Island, Bougainville Group & Gua¬
dalcanal Island (Solomon Islands).
Endemism: geographical endemic of Solomon Islands.
Number of localities: 2 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: rainforest.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) glabella van Benthem Jutting, 1963
Distribution: Biak Island (Cenderawasih Bay Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) granulum I. et B. Rensch, 1929
Distribution: New Britain (Bismarck Archipelago).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) hartmanni sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Ampat islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (post- 1990).
Habitat: secondary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
Palaina (s. I.) iha sp. nov.
Distribution: Onin Peninsula (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) imperfecta sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional endemic, ? site en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) Inconspicua van Benthem Jutting, 1963
Distribution: Biak Island (Cenderawasih Bay Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) Insulana sp. nov.
Distribution: Polee Island S of Misool Is. (Raja Ampat
Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) laszloi sp. nov.
Distribution: Wayag Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) lengguru sp. nov.
Distribution: Bird’s Neck Isthmus (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Nunnber of localities: 2 (posM990).
Habitat: prinnary lowland rainforests on linnestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) leptotoreutos van Benthenn Jutting, 1958
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Annpat Islands).
Endennisnn: geographical & regional endennic, ? local
endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 2 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) liliputana van Benthenn Jutting, 1963
Distribution: Biak Island (Cenderawasih Bay Islands).
Endennisnn: geographical & regional endennic, ? local
endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 3 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) loulslade sp. nov.
Distribution: Misima & Rossel [identification uncer¬
tain] islands (Loulslade Islands).
Endennisnn: geographical & regional endennic, ? local
endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 1 (possible 2 since identifi¬
cation of Rossel Island specimen is not certain) (post-
1990).
Habitat: limestone rocks.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) mairasi sp. nov.
Distribution: Bird’s Neck Isthmus (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lowland rainforests on
limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) manggaraica (E.A. Smith, 1897) comb. nov.
Distribution: Flores Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, local en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 2 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lower montane rainforests.
Altitude zone: 1575-1850 m.
lUCN assessment: Endangered.
Palaina (s. I.) megalostoma sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
Palaina (s. I.) mengen sp. nov.
Distribution: New Britain Island (Bismarck Archipela¬
go).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 3 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lower montane rainfor¬
ests.
Altitude zone: 850-900 m.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) minuscularia sp. nov.
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) minutula sp. nov.
Distribution: Halmahera Island (North Moluccas).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) mirifica sp. nov.
Distribution: Yamdena Island (Tanimbar Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) misoolensis sp. nov.
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) mutls sp. nov.
Distribution: Timor Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: lower montane moist eucalypt forest.
Altitude zone: 1620-1630 m.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
288
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Palaina (s. I.) novoguineensis E.A. Smith, 1897
Distribution: Onin Peninsula & Bird’s Neck Isthmus
(W New Guinea), Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: endemic of the Papuan Region.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 3 (posM990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) novopommerana I. et B. Rensch, 1929
= Palaina vexator I. et B. Rensch, 1929 syn. nov.
Distribution: New Britain Island (Bismarck Archipela¬
go).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic.
Number of localities: 5 (pre- 1990), 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: secondary lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) oblensis sp. nov.
Distribution: Obira Island, Obi Islands (North Moluc¬
cas).
Endemism: geographical, regional & local endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary & secondary lowland rainforests, gar¬
dens.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) onin sp. nov.
Distribution: Onin Peninsula (W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) papuamontls sp. nov.
Distribution: Central Cordillera (Central New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (post-1990).
Habitat: mid montane rainforests.
Altitude zone: 2050-2200 m.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
Palaina (s. I.) papuanorum Soos, 1911
Distribution: West Sepik & Morobe provinces (N & NE
New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: unknown.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) paradisaea sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? local
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) perspectiva sp. nov.
Distribution: southern lowlands of Doberai Peninsula
(W New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Near Threatened.
Palaina (s. I.) polystoma B. Rensch, 1931
Distribution: Flores Island (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 3 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland to mid montane rainforests.
Altitude zone: up to 2200 m.
lUCN assessment: Endangered.
Palaina (s. I.) ponsonbyi Sykes, 1903
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) propinqua van Benthem Jutting, 1963
Distribution: Biak & Yapen islands (Cenderawasih Bay
Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: sago swamp.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) psittricha sp. nov.
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) quadricornis van Benthem Jutting, 1958
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre-1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Palaina (s. I.) repandostoma van Benthenn Jutting, 1963
Distribution: Biak Island (Cenderawasih Bay Islands).
Endennisnn: geographical & regional endennic, ? site
endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) scaevola van Benthenn Jutting, 1958
Distribution: Misool Island (Raja Annpat Islands).
Endennisnn: geographical & regional endennic, ? site
endennic.
Nunnber of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessnnent: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) sllvicultrix sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Annpat Islands).
Endennisnn: geographical, regional endennic, ? site en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 1 (post-1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) schneideri I. et B. Rensch, 1929
Distribution: New Britain Island (Bismarck Archipela¬
go).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: riverine lowland rainforests.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) slapcinskyl sp. nov.
Distribution: Torricelli Mountains (N New Guinea).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (post-1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Least Concern.
Palaina (s. I.) solomonensis (Dell, 1955) comb. nov.
Distribution: Mono Island (Solomon Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (pre- 1990), 0 (post-1990).
Habitat: lowland rainforest.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) sparselamellata sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) tanimbarensis sp. nov.
Distribution: Yamdena Island (Tanimbar Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) telnovi sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (post- 1990).
Habitat: secondary lowland rainforest on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Endangered.
Palaina (s. I.) thomasrinteleni sp. nov.
Distribution: Yamdena Island (Tanimbar Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) vermeuleni sp. nov.
Distribution: Kobroor Island (Aru Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) waigeo sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island, Wayag Island (Raja Am¬
pat Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) wawiyai sp. nov.
Distribution: Waigeo Island (Raja Ampat Islands).
Endemism: geographical, regional endemic, ? site en¬
demic.
Number of localities: 1 (post- 1990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
290
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(Plates 19-47)
Palaina (s. I.) wisemani (Cox, 1870)
Distribution: Makira (= San Cristobal) & Owaraha (=
Santa Anna) islands (Solomon Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic.
Number of localities: 2 (posM990).
Habitat: unknown.
Altitude zone: montane areas.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Palaina (s. I.) yamdena sp. nov.
Distribution: Yamdena Island (Tanimbar Islands).
Endemism: geographical & regional endemic, ? site
endemic.
Number of localities: 1 (posM990).
Habitat: primary lowland rainforests on limestone.
Altitude zone: lowlands.
lUCN assessment: Data Deficient.
Chirality
As stated by Clennents et al. (2008) and other
authors, gastropod shells generally exhibit logarith¬
mic spiral growth, coiling, usually dextrally around
a single axis. The shell is secreted by the mantle
edge, a soft elastic sheet of connective tissue cov¬
ered by an epithelium (Wilbur 1964). Thus, a shell is
essentially a petrified ontogeny of the aperture (the
mantle edge) (Liew et al. 2014). Most of molluscs
groups possess dextrally coiled shells. Several snail
groups including the Diplommatinidae have both
dextral and sinistral shells. Many diplommatinids
are sinistral (especially those of Palaina 0. Semper,
1865 where the majority of species are). Moreover,
the Diplommatinidae have a third, unique chiral
form, termed sinistroid, previously found only in the
Oriental genus Opisthosoma Blanford et Blanford,
1860 (Clements et al. 2008; Webster et al. 2012).
Sinistroid species start out dextrally coiling and re¬
verse coiling direction during ontogeny forming a
sinistral tuba on a dextral shell.
A particularly unusual species from the Raja
Ampat Islands offshore of W New Guinea has one
of the most uniquely coiled shells among all known
molluscs. This species is placed in the genus Mous-
sonia 0. Semper, 1865 In this species (see de¬
scription of M. monstrificabilis sp. nov. above) the
first five whorls are dextral forming a broadly trian¬
gular shell. On the 5^^ whorl the shell’s coiling direc¬
tion is reversed resulting in what looks like a sinis-
3 Phylogenetic information is not available for other
Moussonia species, as a result, my placement of afore¬
mentioned species into this genus is based exclusively
on conchological characters. Phylogenetically M. mon¬
strificabilis sp. nov. is closely related to Papuan M. sepa-
randa sp. nov.
tral shell (sinistroid shell). The sinistral tuba (the
whorls after the reversal in coiling direction) com¬
pletely overgrows and obscures the initially dextral
shell (Plate 29 figs 1-8). Since it was not possible
to study the anatomy (e.g. radula) of this species
because of a lack of technical equipment, it is not
impossible M. monstrificabilis sp. nov. and its rela¬
tives represent a new (undescribed) genus as fol¬
lows from their isolated position on a phylogenetic
tree of caenogastropods (see the chapter “Phylog-
eny” below).
Among all known Diplommatinidae of the Pap¬
uan Region and Wallacea Paiaina (s. I.) anguiata 0.
Boettger, 1891 is the only species known to have
both dextral (prevalently) and sinistral (two speci¬
mens from Saparua Island, Lease Islands) shells.
A comparison of chiral diversity of the diplom¬
matinids in this study summarized on Fig. 7 (also
consider tables 4-5, 7, 9 & 11). Generally, all Arinia
in the study area are dextral (see note above about
unclear status of this genus), all Diancta are sinis¬
tral, Dipiommatina is 68% dextral and 32% sinis¬
tral, Moussonia are all dextral with one sinistroid
species (8%), finally Pa /a/na is predominantly sinis¬
tral (78%) with 22% dextral species and one dex¬
tral species with sinistral specimens. The case of
Paiaina is rather unique within molluscs since few
other prevalently sinistral large groups are known.
The reason why exactly this genus is so rich in sinis¬
tral species remains unknown.
Phylogeny
Originally, my work has no goal to provide DNA-
based phylogenetic reconstruction. However, since
alcohol-preserved material allowed DNA sequenc¬
ing, some additional information was available to
include to the present revision and is presented
below.
The first molecular phylogenetic reconstruc¬
tion of the Diplommatinidae was undertaken by
Webster et al. (2012) and based on five genes and
2700 bp. It was integrated with ancestral state re¬
construction and phylogenetic PCA of discrete and
quantitative traits. Webster et al. (2012) found sup¬
port for the SE Asian Diplommatinidae as a mono-
phyletic group and raised the rank of the Cochlos-
tomatidae as a family. According to his study, five
main clades appear within the Diplommatinidae,
corresponding with both coiling direction and bio¬
geographic patterns.
Relations between Lesser Sunda and Central
Moluccan species is rather obvious {Paiaina an-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
gulata, R ascendens, P. manggaraica) since these
species represent sanne clade.
Clade E of Webster (2012) in the study area
represented at least by Diplommatina baliana, a
species fronn Java and W Lesser Sunda Islands.
Raja Annpat Islands species Palaina attenbor-
oughi, P bicornis, P hartmanni, P megalostoma are
representing at least three clusters, one for species
fronn Waigeo and two - for species fronn Misool.
Diancta constricta dennonstrates phylogenetic
distance of North Moluccan clade.
The nnost peculiar is the relationship of two
species fronn Misool I currently arranged to Mous-
sonia - M. monstrificabilis and M. separanda. Re¬
sults show position of these two species either
closely related to Alycaeinae of the Cochlostonna-
tidae rather than to any known Diplonnnnatinidae.
At this point, I ann not able to explain their posi¬
tion within the tree of Caenogastropoda. COI is a
relatively rapidly evolving gene and while it is often
good for elucidating species level relationships it is
not that good at older divergences and it is likely
the deeper level relationships nnay not be accurate
(J. Slapcinsky, personal comment). In the future
adding some more slowly evolving genes might re¬
solve some of the deeper level nodes in the Diplom-
matinidae tree.
Arinia, Diancta, Diplommatina, Moussonia,
and Palaina require revision to allow taxonomy to
reflect phylogeny. Additional sequencing is highly
welcome to clarify biogeographic patterns of newly
appearing clades.
Sexual dimorphism
Diplommatinidae, like other caenogastropods
have separate sexes that can be sexually dimor¬
phic. Ribbing pattern and colour variation vary
among specimens of both sexes and not specifical¬
ly in males or females. Female shells are generally
more obese than those of males (Figs 98 & 105a-
b), but these size differences are slight and not
measurable in mm scale but in pm. For example,
in Palaina iha, female is 300 pm wider than male
and in P. lengguru, females are 250-350 pm wider
than males.
Acknowledgements
The author is highly grateful to Jonathan Ablett
(BMNH), Adam Baldinger and Jennifer W. Lenihan
(both at MCZ), Jochen Gerber (FMNH), Jeroen Goud
and Auke-Florian Hiemstra (NMNL), Ambros Hanggi
and Eduard Stockli (both at NHMB), Ronald Janssen
and Sigrid Hof (SMF), Jolanta Jurkowska (UWCP),
Taehwan Lee (UMMZ), Henry McGhie (MMUE), Tan
Siong Kiat (LKCNHM), Bruce Marshall and Ricardo
Palma (both at MONZ), Jude Philp (Sydney Univer¬
sity Museum, Australia), Thomas von Rintelen and
Christine Zorn (both at MHUB), John Slapcinsky
(UF), Maria Tavano (MSNG), and Jan J. Vermeulen
(Leiden, The Netherlands) for access to type ma¬
terial and other collection material, as well as for
providing photographs of certain type specimens.
Arinia Diane tn Dipiamrrratina Maussania Paiaina
■ sintstroid
■ ^inistral
■ dextral
Figure 7. Chiral diversity among the Wallacea n and Papuan Diplommatinidae.
Legends: x axis - Diplommatinidae genera, y axis - number of species.
292
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Christian Albrecht (Justus-Liebig-University
Giessen, Departnnent of Animal Ecology & Sys-
tematics, Germany) is thanked for arranging DNA
sequencing and consulting on phylogenetic recon¬
struction of the Diplommatinidae.
The author is thankful to Valters Gobins (Uni¬
versity of Latvia Faculty of Biology, Department of
Molecular Biology, Riga) for generous help on prep¬
aration of specimen shells before SEM procedures
at the Laboratory of microscopy. I am also grateful
to Ugis Kagainis (University of Latvia Faculty of Bi¬
ology, Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology,
Riga) for producing the scanning electron micro¬
graphs.
Dmitry Telnov (The Entomological Society of
Latvia, Riga) is herewith thanked for preparing
photographs of specimens as well as for valuable
information on habitat of many species from the
study area, as well for providing preliminary lUCN
assessments. I am also grateful to Laszio Wagner
(Budapest, Hungary) for providing valuable speci¬
mens from study area.
The author is indebted to Roman V. Egorov
(Moscow, Russia) for valuable consultations. Final¬
ly, I sincerely thank John Slapcinsky (UF) for proof¬
reading the manuscript, friendly critics and valu¬
able suggestions.
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thropology, Ethnography, Geology and Palaeontolo¬
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of the island of Borneo 2. The genus Opisthostoma
(Gastropoda Prosobranchia: Diplommatinidae). -
Basteria 55: 139-163.
Vermeulen J.J. 1993. Notes on the non-marine molluscs
of the island of Borneo 5. The genus Diplommatina
(Gastropoda, Prosobranchia: Diplommatinidae). -
Basteria 57: 3-69.
Vermeulen J.J. 1996a. Notes on the non-marine mol¬
luscs of the island of Borneo 8. The genus Arinia;
additions to the genera Diplommatina and Opist¬
hostoma (Gastropoda Prosobranchia: Diplomma¬
tinidae). - Basteria 60: 87-138.
Vermeulen J.J. 1996b. A checklist of the non-marine mol¬
luscs of the Tanimbar Islands (Indonesia). - The Pa-
pustyla 10, No 1: 5-10.
Vermeulen J.J. 1996c. A checklist of the non-marine mol¬
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Vermeulen J.J., Clements R. 2008. Another twist in the
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Guide to the land snails of Bali. Backhuys Publish¬
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Webster N., Van Dooren T., Schiltuizen M. 2012. Phylo¬
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Diplommatinidae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropo-
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ympev.2012.02.004
Wenz W. 1938. Gastropoda. Tell I: Allgemelner Tell und
Prosobranchia (Amphigastropoda u. Streptoneura):
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Band 6. Gebdruder Borntraeger, Berlin: viii + 240
pp.
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Wilbur K.M., Yonge C.M. (eds) Physiology of mollus¬
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Received: 20.03.2017.
296
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
28
29
30
Figures 8-30. Internal lamellae of the Papuan and Wallacean Diplommatinidae. 8 - Diancta constricta (Martens,
1864); 9 - D. halmaherica sp. nov.; 10 - D. obiensis sp. nov.; 11 - Diplommatina fluminis B. Rensch, 1931; 12 -
D.javana von Mollendorff, 1897; 13 - D. floris B. Rensch, 1931; 14 - D.jonabletti sp. nov.; 15 - D. mertoni C.R.
Boettger, 1922; 16 - D. patanisp. nov.; 17-18 - D. radUformis Preston, 1913; 19 - D. slapcinskyi sp. nov.; 20 - D.
symmetrica Medley, 1891; 21 - D. telnovi sp. nov.; 22 - D. timorensis sp. nov.; 23-24 - D. waigeoensis sp. nov.; 25
- Moussonia manuselae sp. nov.; 26-27 - M. papuana (Tapparone Canefri, 1883); 28-30 - M. pseudoseparanda
sp. nov.
297
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Figures 31-54. Internal lamellae of the Papuan and Wallacean Diplommatinidae. 31-34 - Moussonia separanda sp.
nov.; 35-36 - M. torricelHsp. nov.; 37-38 - Arinia tjendanae B. Rensch, 1931; 39 - Palaina albrechti sp. nov.; 40-42
- P. angulata 0. Boettger, 1891; 43 - P ascendens (Martens, 1864); 44-45 - P attenboroughi sp. nov.; 46-47 - P.
bicornis van Benthem Jutting, 1958; 48 - P. biroi Soos, 1911; 49 - P. bougainvillei sp nov.; 50-51 - P. chrysostoma
E.A. Smith, 1897; 52 - P. carbavica 0. Boettger, 1891; 53 - P. doberai sp. nov.; 54 - P. commixta I. Rensch, 1937.
298
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Figures 55-84. Internal lamellae and opercula of the Papuan and Wallacean Diplommatinidae. 55 - Palaina dohertyi
E.A. Smith, 1897; 56 - P. extremita sp. nov.; 57 - P. flavocylindrica sp. nov.; 58 - P. hartmanni sp. nov.; 59 - P.
louisiade sp. nov.; 60 - P. iha sp. nov.; 61 - P. imperfecta sp. nov.; 62 - P. insulana sp. nov.; 63 - P. laszloi sp. nov.;
64 - P. novoguineensis E.A. Smith, 1897; 65-66 - P. lengguru sp. nov.; 67 - P. mairasi sp. nov.; 68-69 - P. mang-
garaica (E.A. Smith, 1897); 70 - P. megalostoma sp. nov.; 71 - P. mengen sp. nov.; 72 - P. minuscularia sp. nov.;
73-74 - P. mirifica sp nov.; 75-76 - P. misoolensis sp nov.; 77 - P. mut/s sp nov.; 78 - P. novopommerana I. et B.
Rensch, 1929; 79 - P. obiensis sp nov.; 80 - P. onin sp nov.; 81 - P. papuamontis sp nov.; 82 - P. paradisaea sp
nov.; 83-84 - P. perspectiva sp nov..
299
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Figures 85-107. Internal lamellae and shell outline of the Papuan and Wallacean Diplommatinidae. 85 & 98 - Palai-
na polystoma B. Rensch, 1931; 86 - P. psittricha sp. nov.; 87 - P. silvicultrix sp. nov.; 88 - P. slapcinskyi sp. nov.;
89 - P. sparselamellata sp. nov.; 90 - P. tanimbarensis sp. nov.; 91 - P. telnovi sp. nov.; 92 - P. thomasrinteleni sp.
nov.; 93 - P. vermeuleni sp. nov.; 94-95 - P. waigeo sp nov.; 96 - P. wawiyai sp. nov.; 97 - P. yamdena sp. nov; 99a
& b - P. angulata 0. Boettger, 1891 (a - female, b - male); 100 - P. iha sp. nov.; 101 - P. lengguru sp. nov.; 102 - P.
albrechti sp. nov.; 103 - P. waigeo sp. nov.; 104 - P. lengguru sp. nov.; 105a & b - Arinia tjendanae B. Rensch, 1931
(a - male, b - female); 106 - Peristome width in P. iha sp. nov.; 107 - ditto, P. albrechti sp. nov.
300
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Figures 108-116. Micrographs of the Papuan and Wallacean Diplommatinidae. 108-109 - Moussonia monstrifica bi¬
ll's sp. nov. (200x & 400x magnification); 110 - M. separanda sp. nov. (200x); 111 - Diplommatina radiiformis Pres¬
ton, 1913 (300x); 112 - D. floresiana E.A. Smith, 1897 (200x); 113 - D. jonabletti sp. nov. (200x); 114 - Palaina
angulata 0. Boettger, 1891 (300x); 115 - P. silvicultrix sp. nov. (300x); 116 - P. wawiyai sp. nov. (300x).
301
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
200 urn
Figures 117-128. Micrographs of the Papuan and Wallacean Diplonnnnatinidae. 117 - Palaina attenboroughi sp.
nov. (300x nnagnification); 118 - P. biroi Soos, 1911 (300x); 119-120 - P carbavica 0. Boettger, 1891 (300x &
lOOOx); 121 - P flavocylindrica sp. nov. (500x); 122-123 - P. hartmanni sp. nov. (300x); 124 - Palaina iha sp. nov.
(500x); 125-126 - P. insulana sp. nov. (300x); 127-128 - P. minuscularia sp. nov. (300x).
302
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
130
300 um
134
500 um
135
500 um
300 um
Figures 129-137. Micrographs of the Papuan and Wallacean Diplommatinidae. 129-131 - Diplommatina mertoni
C.R. Boettger, 1922 (300x magnification); 132-135 - D. telnovisp. nov. (200x); 136 - D. symmetrica Medley, 1891
(300x); 137 - Palaina albrechti sp. nov. (500x).
303
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea,
Figures 138-145. Micrographs of the Papuan and Wallacean Diplonnnnatinidae. 138-139 - Palaina
(300x nnagnification); 140-141 - Arinia tjendanae B. Rensch, 1931 (300x); 142 - P. psittricha sp.
- P waigeo sp. nov. (300x); 144-145 - P. yamdena sp. nov. (300x).
obiensis sp. nov.
nov. (300x); 143
304
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Map 5. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on North Mo¬
luccas. Circles - Diancta (s. str.) constricta (Martens,
1864); filled circles - D. (s. str.) halmaherica sp. nov.;
squares - D. (s. str.) obiensis sp. nov.; filled square - D.
(s. str.) torta 0. Boettger, 1891; four-point star - Diplom-
matina (s. I.) patanisp. nov.; filled four-point stars - D. (s.
I.) radiiformis Preston, 1913.
Map 6. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on North Moluc¬
cas. Circles - Diplommatina (s. I.) moluccensis sp. nov.;
filled circle - D. (s. I.) slapcinskyi sp. nov. & Palaina (s.
I.) obiensis sp. nov.; square - P. (s. I.) minutuia sp. nov.;
filled square - Moussonia ahena (Preston, 1913), Paiai-
na (s. I.) beiianensis Preston, 1913 & P. (s. str.) diepen-
heimi (Preston, 1913).
Map 7. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on Seram, Central Moluccas. Circles - Moussonia manuseiae sp. nov.; filled
circle - Paiaina (s. I.) carbavica 0. Boettger, 1891 (see also map 10).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Map 8. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Lease Islands, Central Moluccas. Circle - Moussonia strubelli (0. Boett-
ger, 1891); filled circles - Palaina (s. I.) angulata 0. Boettger, 1891.
Map 9. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Lease Islands, Central Moluccas. Circles - Palaina (s. I.) ascendens
(Martens, 1864).
306
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Map 10. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on Lease Islands, Central Moluccas. Circles - Palaina (s. I.) carbavica 0.
Boettger, 1891.
Map 11. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on Solomon Islands. Circle - Palaina (s. I.) aerari (Dell, 1955) (see also
map 19), P. (s. I.) clappi Solem, 1960 & P. (s. I.) floridensis Solem, 1960; filled circle - P. (s. I.) brazier! (Cox, 1870);
square - P. (s. I.) gardneri Dell, 1955; filled circle & filled square - P. (s. I.) wisemani (Cox, 1870).
307
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Map 12. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Lesser Sunda Islands. Circles - Arinia (s. I.) crassiventris B. Rensch,
1931; filled circle - A. (s. I.) patagiata van Benthenn Jutting, 1958; circles & square - A. (s. I.) tjendanae B. Rensch,
1931 (see also nnap 15); filled squares - Diplommatina (s. I.) floresiana E.A. Snnith, 1897; stars - D. (s. I.) floris B.
Rensch, 1931; filled star - D. (s. I.) torquilla van Benthenn Jutting, 1958; four-point star - D. (s. I.) timorensis sp. nov.
Map 13. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Lesser Sunda Islands. Circles - Diplommatina (s. I.) decollata van
Benthenn Jutting, 1958; circles & filled circles - D. (s. I.) fluminis B. Rensch, 1931; squares - D. (s. I.) javana von
Mollendorff, 1897; filled squares - D. (s. I.) jonabletti sp. nov. & Palaina (s. I.) manggaraica (B. Rensch, 1931).
308
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Map 14. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on Lesser Sunda Islands. Circles - Diplommatina (s. I.) leucopsis van Ben-
them Jutting, 1958; filled circle - D. (s. I.) lucifuga van Benthem Jutting, 1958; squares - Palaina (s. I.) chrysostoma
E.A. Smith, 1897 & P. (s. I.) polystoma B. Rensch, 1931; filled square - P. (s. I.) mutis sp. nov.
Map 15. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on Aru and Tanimbar islands. Circle - Arinia (s. I.) tjendanae B. Rensch,
1931 (see also map 12); filled circle - Diplommatina (s. I.) mertoni C.R. Boettger, 1922; square - Palaina (s. I.)
mirifica sp. nov., P. (s. I.) tanimbarensis sp. nov., P. (s. I.) thomasrinteleni sp. nov. & P. (s. I.)yamcfena sp. nov.; filled
square - P. (s. I.) vermea/en/ sp. nov.
309
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Map 16. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Misool Island. Circles - Moussonia hyponepia (van Benthenn Jutting,
1958), M. omias (van Benthenn Jutting, 1958), Palaina (s. I.) erythropeplos van Benthenn Jutting, 1958, P. (s. I.)
leptotoreutos van Benthenn Jutting, 1958 & P. (s. I.) scaveola van Benthenn Jutting, 1958; filled circle - M. monstrifi-
cabilis sp. nov. & P. (s. I.) psittricha sp. nov.; filled circle & square - P. (s. I.) minuscularia sp. nov.
Map 17. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Misool Island. Circles - Moussonia separanda sp. nov.; filled circle
- Palaina (s. I.) insulana sp. nov.; square - P. (s. I.) misoolensis sp. nov.; filled square - P. (s. I.) quadricornis van
Benthenn Jutting, 1958.
310
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Map 18. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on Misool Island. Circle - Diplommatina (s. I.) telnovi sp. nov. (see also
map 22) & Palaina (s. I.) attenboroughi sp. nov.; circle & filled circles - P. (s. I.) bicornis van Benthem Jutting, 1958.
Map 19. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on Bougainville islands. Circle - Palaina (s. I.) aerari (Dell, 1955) (see also
map 11), P. (s. I.) gardneri Dell, 1955 & P. (s. I.) solomonensis (Dell, 1955); filled circles - P. (s. I.) bougainvillei sp.
nov.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Map 20. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Waigeo and Wayag islands. Circles - Diplommatina (s. I.) waigeoensis
sp. nov.; filled circle - Palaina (s. I.) laszloi sp. nov.; square - P. (s. I.) imperfecta sp. nov., P. (s. I.) ponsonbyi Sykes,
1903, P. (s. I.) silvicultrix sp. nov., and P. (s. I.) wawiyai sp. nov.
Map 21. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Waigeo and Wayag islands. Circles - Palaina (s. I.) hartmanni sp. nov.
& P. (s. I.) telnovi sp. nov.; filled circle - P. (s. I.) megalostoma sp. nov.; filled circle & square - P. (s. I.) paradisaea sp.
nov.; filled square - P. (s. I.) sparselamellata sp. nov.; circles & star - P. (s. I.) waigeo sp. nov.
312
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
'SM
wm
' ^
Map 22. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on Bird’s Head of New Guinea. Circle - Diplommatina (s. I.) maibratsp.
nov.; filled circle - D. (s. I.) smithi Kobelt, von Mollendorff, 1898; circle & squares - D. (s. I.) telnovisp. nov. (see also
map 18); filled square - Moussonia echinata sp. nov.; star - Palaina (s. I.) dianctoides sp. nov.; filled stars - P. (s.
I.) flavocylindrica sp. nov.
Map 23. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on North New Guinea. Circles - Moussonia torricelli sp. nov.; filled circles
- Palaina (s. I.) consobrina van Benthem Jutting, 1963.
313
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Map 24. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Bird’s Head of New Guinea. Circle - Moussonia pseudoseparanda sp.
nov.; filled circle - Palaina (s. I.) doberai sp. nov. & P. (s. I.) perspectiva sp. nov.; circle & square - P. (s. I.) dohertyi
E.A. Snnith, 1897; filled square - P. (s. I.) iha sp. nov.; star - P. (s. I.) lengguru sp. nov.; star & filled star - P. (s. I.)
mairasi sp. nov.
Map 25. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on Louisiade Islands. Circle - Diplommatina (s. I.) symmetrica Medley,
1891; filled circles - Palaina (s. I.) louisiade sp. nov. (see comments in the text).
314
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
(Plates 19-47)
Map 26. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on New Guinea. Circles - Palaina (s. I.) adelpha Sods, 1911; filled circle
- P. (s. I.) bundiana Wiktor, 1998; square - P. (s. I.) citrinella van Benthem Jutting, 1963; filled square - P. (s. I.)
cupulifera van Benthem Jutting, 1963; stars - P. (s. I.) extremita sp. nov.; filled star - P. (s. I.) glabella van Benthem
Jutting, 1963 & P. (s. I.) repandostoma van Benthem Jutting, 1963; four-point stars - P. (s. I.) novogulneensis E.A.
Smith, 1897; filled four-point stars - P. (s. str.) papuanorum Soos, 1911; triangles - P. (s. I.) slapcinskyl sp. nov.
Map 27. Distribution of Diplommatinidae on New Guinea. Circles - Palaina (s. I.) b/ro/ Soos, 1911; filled circle - P. (s.
I.) Inconspicua van Benthem Jutting, 1963; square - P. (s. I.) Illlputana van Benthem Jutting, 1963; filled square - P.
(s. I.) onin sp. nov.; star - P. (s. I.) albrechti sp. nov.; filled star - P. (s. I.) papuamontls sp. nov.; four-point stars - P.
(s. I.) propinqua van Benthem Jutting, 1963.
315
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Map 28. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on New Britain Island. Circles & filled circles - Palaina (s. I.) commixta I.
Rensch, 1937; filled circles - P. (s. I.) granulum I. et B. Rensch, 1929 & P. (s. I.) schneideri I. et B. Rensch, 1929.
Map 29. Distribution of Diplonnnnatinidae on New Britain Island. Circle - Palaina (s. I.) mengen sp. nov.; filled circles
- P. (s. I.) novopommerana I. et B. Rensch, 1929.
316
Hava, J.: Contribution to the knowledge of Dernnestidae (Coleoptera) fronn the Maluku Islands (Indonesia), part 2 ...
Contribution to the knowledge of Dermestidae
(Coleoptera) from the Maluku Islands (Indonesia),
part 2. Description of four new species
of Orphinus Motschulsky, 1858
JiRi Hava
Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech
University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 1176, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic;
e-mail: jh.dermestidae@volny.cz
Abstract: Four species of Dernnestidae are described, illustrated and conn pa red as follows: Orphinus (s. str.) so/eae
sp. nov., Orphinus (s. str.) jakii sp. nov., Orphinus (s. str.) prescuteiiaris sp. nov. and 0. (s. str.) buruanus sp. nov., all
from the Maluku Islands, belonging to the nominotypical subgenus. The species Orphinus (s. str.) wau Hava, 2014
is newly recorded from West Papua.
Keywords: Coleoptera, Dermestidae, Megatomini, Orphinus, Maluku Islands, taxonomy, new species.
Introduction
The family Dermestidae (Coleoptera:
Bostrichoidea) contains about 1500 species and
subspecies worldwide (Hava 2015). Its members
are “mainly scavengers on dried proteinaceous
material and are of economic importance because
the family includes species that are pests of stored
products or natural history enemies” (Lawrence &
Slipihski 2005).
The Dermestidae from Maluku Islands were
recently dealt with by Hava (2014b). Works dealing
with Dermestidae from Indonesian Papua were
published by Hava (2011; 2014a) and KadeJ &
Hava (2013; 2014). So, the Dermestidae from
Maluku Islands have been only sparingly studied,
four species being reported, which belong to
the subfamilies Dermestinae, Attageninae and
Megatominae. In the present article, four new
species are described from Buru and Seram
Islands, belonging to the genus Orphinus.
Materials and methods
The size of the beetle and of its body parts
can be useful in species recognition, so following
measurements were made:
total length (TL) - linear distance from anterior
margin of pronotum to apex of elytra,
elytral width (EW) - maximum linear transverse
distance.
Specimens of the presently described species
are provided with red, printed label with the text
as follows: “HOLOTYPE [or PARATYPE, respectively]
name of taxon sp. nov. Jin Hava det. 2016”.
Abbreviations used in the text:
BMNH - The Natural History Museum, London, United
Kingdom;
JHAC - Jin Hava, Private Entomological Laboratory &
Collection, Unetice u Prahy, Prague-west, Czech
Republic (will be deposited in the Czech University
of Life Sciences, Prague).
Taxonomic part
Orphinus Motschulsky 1858
Orphinus wau Hava, 2014
Material examined 2$ JHAC: Indonesia, West Papua,
Manokwari distr., Maibri vill., Arfak Mts., 1570 m, 5-19.
xii.2012, J. Horak Igt.
Distribution: A species known from Papua New
Guinea: Wau, new to West Papua: Manokwari
district.
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Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Orphinus (s. str.) so/eae sp. nov. (Figs 1-3)
Holotype S JHAC: Maluku, Serann, 12 knn SE Wahai,
Solea, 1.1999, ex larva, J. Horak Igt.
Paratypes 2$ JHAC: the sanne data as holotype; 1$
BMHN: Indonesia: Serann, Solea, Malaise Trap on River
bank, viii.1987, M.C. Day, BMNH{E}2004-198.
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic, manned after the
type locality Solea.
Description: Male. Body oval, TL 2.8 nnnn, EW
1.8 mm. Head, pronotum and elytra black, shiny,
with white fasciae (Fig. 1), black on venter. Head
finely punctate with long, erect, black setation.
Palpi brown; setation on mentum denser. Eyes
small, with brown microsetae. Ocellus on front
present. Antennae brown with yellow setae,
with 11 antennomeres, antennal club with 2
antennomeres, terminal antennal segment circular
(Fig. 2). Pronotum black, disc finely punctate,
densely foveo I ate posteriorly, with long, erect, black
and white setation. Scutellum black, triangular,
without setation. Elytra finely punctate; humerus
with a small bump; elytral surface with long, erect
black and white setation; cuticle black, white
setation forming two spots (one near scutellum and
one apically) and two transverse fasciae (Fig. 1).
Epipleuron black, anteriorly broad, finely punctate,
with short, black setation. Legs dark brown with
yellow setation. Mesosternum coarsely punctate
laterally, otherwise finely punctate, covered by
long, recumbent, white setation. Abdominal visible
ventrites dark brown to black, with long, recumbent,
white setation. Male genitalia as in Fig. 3.
Sexual dimorphism: Female externally similar
to male, but differs by its small antennal terminal
antennomere.
Differential diagnosis: The new species is
similar to 0. wau Hava, 2014 (Papua New Guinea:
Wau, West Papua: Manokwari district) but differs
from it by the elytral fasciae (0. so/eae has white
transverse fasciae, divided into spots; 0. wau has
whitish-grey transverse fasciae, not divided into
spots) and the antennal club structure.
Orphinus (s. str.) yak// sp. nov. (Figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' JHAC: Indonesia, Maluku, E Buru, Nath
env., Remaja Mt., 200 m, 7-14.1.2013, J. Horak Igt.
Paratypes 3 specimens JHAC: IND: C Moluccas, Buru
Is., Nath env., Remaja ML, 200-350m, 5-18.1.2013, S.
JakI Igt.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. The new species
is dedicated to Stanislav JakI (Prague, Czech
Republic), a world known expert in the beetle family
Scarabaeidae subfamily Cetoniinae.
Description: Male. Body oval, TL 2.6 mm, EW 1.6
mm. Head black, pronotum and elytra black and
reddish, shiny, with white fasciae (Fig. 4), black
on venter. Head finely punctate with long, erect,
black setation. Palpi brown; setation on mentum
denser. Eyes small, with brown microsetae.
Ocellus on front present. Antennae brown with
yellow setae, with 11 antennomeres, antennal
club with 2 antennomeres, terminal antennal
segment circular (Fig. 5). Pronotum black with
small indistinct reddish spots, disc finely punctate,
densely foveolate posteriorly, with long, erect, black
and white setation. Scutellum black, triangular,
without setation. Elytra finely punctate; humerus
with a small bump; elytral surface with long, erect
Figures 1-3. Orphinus soleae sp. nov., holotype 6'. 1 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2 - Antennae; 3 - Male genitalia.
318
Hava, J.: Contribution to the knowledge of Dernnestidae (Coleoptera) fronn the Maluku Islands (Indonesia), part 2 ...
black and white setation; cuticle black and reddish;
cuticular reddish spots and fasciae covered by
white setation (a spot near scutellunn and another
one apically) and two transverse fasciae (Fig. 1).
Epipleuron black, anteriorly broad, finely punctate,
with short, black setation. Legs dark brown with
yellow setation. Mesosternunn coarsely punctate
laterally, otherwise finely punctate, covered by
long, recunnbent, white setation. Abdonninal
visible ventrites black, with long, recunnbent, white
setation. Male genitalia as in Fig. 6.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale externally sinnilar
to nnale, but differs by its snnall antennal ternninal
antennonnere.
Differential diagnosis: The new species is
externally very sinnilar to 0. soleae sp. nov. but
differs fronn it bytheelytral cuticular reddish fasciae
covered by white setation (in 0. soleae, the elytra
are unicolorously black with white spots, without
reddish fasciae), structure of antennae and nnale
genitalia.
Orphinus (s. str.) prescutellaris sp. nov. (Figs 7-10)
Holotype 6' JHAC: Indonesia, Maluku, E Buru, Nath
env., Rennaja ML, 200 nn, 7-14.1.2013, J. Horak Igt.
Paratypes 28 specinnens JHAC: 11 specinnens sanne
label as in holotype; 17 specinnens: IND: C Moluccas,
Buru Is., Nath env., Rennaja ML, 200-350nn, 5-18.1.2013,
S. JakI Igt.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne is based on the
presence of the elytral prescutellar spot.
Description: Male holotype. Body oval, TL 1.6
nnnn, EW 1.1 nnnn. Head and pronotunn black, elytra
black and orange-reddish, shiny, with fasciae (Fig.
7), black on venter. Head finely punctate with long,
erect, yellow setation. Palpi brown; setation on
nnentunn denser. Eyes snna 11, with brown nnicrosetae.
Ocellus on front present. Antennae brown with
yellow setae, with 11 antennonneres, antennal
club with 2 antennonneres, ternninal antennal
segment circular (Fig. 9). Pronotum black, disc
finely punctate, densely foveolate posteriorly, with
long, suberect, yellow setation. Scutellum black,
triangular, without setation. Elytra finely punctate;
humerus with a small bump; elytral surface with
long, suberect black and yellow setation; cuticle
black and orange-reddish; cuticular orange-reddish
spots and fasciae covered by yellow setation (a
spot near scutellum and a transverse medial
fascia in apical third) (Figs 7-8). Epipleuron black,
anteriorly broad, finely punctate, with short, black
setation. Legs dark brown with yellow setation.
Mesosternum coarsely punctate laterally, otherwise
finely punctate, covered by long, recumbent, yellow
setation. Abdominal visible ventrites black, with
long, recumbent, yellow setation. Male genitalia as
in Fig. 10.
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Variability: The type series includes specimens
with black or brown elytra (Figs 7-8). Measurements:
TL 1.6-2.4mm, EW 1.1-1.6 mm.
Differential diagnosis: The new species is very
similar to two Papuan species 0. biroi Pic, 1956
(Papua New Guinea) and 0. fasciatus (Matsumura
etYokoyama, 1928) (Papua NewGuinea, Cambodia,
Japan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan) but differs
from them by the presence of a prescutellar spot on
elytra (in 0. biroi and 0. fasciatus the prescutellar
spot is missing); from other species it differs by the
Figures 4-6. Orphinus jakli sp. nov., holotype 6'. 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 5 - Antennae; 6 - Male genitalia.
319
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
structure of antennae and nnale genitalia.
setae, with 11 antennonneres, antennal club with
2 antennonneres, ternninal antennal segnnent
circular (Fig. 12). Pronotunn brown, disc finely
Holotype 6 JHAC: Indonesia, Maluku, E Buru, Nath punctate, densely foveolate posteriorly, with long.
Orphinus (s. str.) buruanus sp. nov. (Figs 11-13)
env., Rennaja Mt., 200 nn, 7-14.1.2013, J. Horak Igt.
Paratypes 2(5' JHAC: sanne label as in holotype.
erect, brown setae. Scutellunn brown, triangular,
without setation. Elytra brown, finely punctate;
hunnerus with a snnall bunnp; elytral surface with
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic, nanned after the |Qp,g^ suberect brown setation. Epipleuron brown.
type locality Buru Island.
anteriorly broad, finely punctate, with short, brown
Description: Male. Body parallel and oval, TL setation. Legs dark brown with brown setation.
1.8-2. 2 mm, EW 1.1-1.4 mm. Head, pronotum and Mesosternum coarsely punctate laterally, otherwise
elytra dark brown, shiny (Fig. 11), dark brown on finely punctate, covered by long, recumbent, brown
venter. Head coarsely punctate with long, erect, setation. Abdominal visible ventrites brown, with
brown setation. Palpi brown; setation on mentum |Qp,g^ recumbent, brown setation. Male genitalia as
denser. Eyes small, with yellow microsetae. Ocellus jp pig. 13.
on front present. Antennae brown with yellow
7
9
8
10
Figures 7-10. Orphinus soleae sp. nov. 7 - Habitus, dorsal view, holotype 6 ; 8 - Habitus, dorsal view, paratype
9 - Antennae; 10 - Male genitalia.
Figures 11-13. Orphinus buruanus sp. nov., holotype (5'. 11 - Habitus, dorsal aspect; 12 - Antennae;
13 - Male genitalia.
320
Hava, J.: Contribution to the knowledge of Dernnestidae (Coleoptera) fronn the Maluku Islands (Indonesia), part 2 ...
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: The new species is
sinnilar to 0. harvey Kadej et Hava, 2014 (Papua
New Guinea) and 0. fulvipes (Guerin-Meneville,
1838) (cosnnopolitan species) but differs fronn
thenn by the following characters:
1 Ternninal antennal segnnent oval, anterior pronotal
angles in nnale not visible fronn above, dorsal integunnent
dark brown . 0. harvey Kadej, Hava, 2014
- Ternninal antennal segnnent circular . 2
2 Ternninal antennal segnnent flat and large, anterior
pronotal angles in male visible from above, dorsal
integument from light brown to brown .
. 0. fulvipes (Guerin-Meneville, 1838)
- Terminal antennal segment small, anterior pronotal
angles in male not visible from above, dorsal integument
dark brown . 0. buruanus sp. nov.
List of Dermestidae species recorded from the Centrai Maiuku Isiands
Acknowiedgements
I would like to express nny thanks to Jan Horak
and Stanislav JakI (both - Prague, Czech Republic)
for providing nne with the interesting nnaterial and
to Dnnitry Telnov (The Entonnological Society of
Latvia, Riga) and Miloslav Rakovic (Prague, Czech
Republic) for reading the nnanuscript. The research
was supported by the Internal Grant Agency
(B0118/004) fronn the Faculty of Forestry and
Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences
Prague.
References
Hava J. 2011. Keyto species of Dermestidae (Coleoptera)
recorded from the island of New Guinea: 79-82.
In: Telnov D. (ed.) Biodiversity Biogeography and
Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea.
Volume 1. Riga, The Entomological Society of
Latvia: 434 pp, 92 pis.
Hava J. 2014a. Contribution to the genus Orphinus
Motschulsky, 1858 from New Guinea (Coleoptera:
Dermestidae: Megatominae): 209-212. In: Telnov
D. (ed.) Biodiversity Biogeography and Nature
Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea. Volume
2. The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga: 458
pp, 126 pis.
Hava J. 2014b. Contribution to the knowledge of
Dermestidae (Coleoptera) from the Maluku Islands
(Indonesia). Part 1. Description of a new species
of Katkaenus Hava, 2006 from Buru Island. -
Arquivos Entomoloxicos 12: 119-122.
Hava J. 2015. World Catalogue of Insects. Volume 13.
Dermestidae (Coleoptera). Brill, Leiden & Boston:
xxvi + 419 pp.
Kadej M., Hava J. 2013. Description of a new species
of Orphinus Motschulsky 1858 (Coleoptera:
Dermestidae: Megatominae), with a key and
checklist of known species from Papua New Guinea.
- Australian Journal of Entomology 52: 315-319.
Kadej M., Hava J. 2014. Description of a new species
of Orphinus Motschulsky 1858 from Papua New
Guinea. - New Zealand Journal of Zoology ^1, No
4: 263-267.
Lawrence J.F., Slipihski A. 2005. Three new genera of
Indo-Australian Dermestidae (Coleoptera) and
their phylogenetic significance. - Invertebrate
Systematics 19: 231-261.
Received: 18.06.2016.
321
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
Revision of the genus Aprosictus Pascoe, 1866
(Coieoptera: Cerambycidae: Strongyiurini), with
description of a new genus and fourteen new species
Philippe Jacquot
85 impasse Charlotte Berrang, F-26740, Montboucher-sur-Jabron, France; e-mail: cerambyphil®
gmail.com
Abstract: The genusApros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 is revised. Twelve new species of this genus are described: Aprosictus
acutipennis sp. nov., A. armellae sp. nov., A. dilatoscapus sp. nov., A. exiguus sp. nov., A. fuscus sp. nov., A.
glabrofasciatus sp. nov., A. lombokensis sp. nov., A. paloloensis sp. nov., A. pedicellus sp. nov., A. sangirensis sp.
nov., A. sexpunctatus sp. nov. and A. ternatensis sp. nov. Aprosictus truncatus Aurivillius, 1916 and A. biiineatus
Ritsenna, 1881 are transferred into the new genus Dupiipectus gen. nov.: Dupiipectus truncatus (Aurivillius, 1916)
connb. nov. and Dupiipectus biiineatus (Ritsenna, 1881) connb. nov. Two new species of this new genus are described,
nannely D. buruensis sp. nov. and D. degroofi sp. nov. For the first tinne, fennales of those two genera are described.
Keys to the nnales and distribution nnaps are given.
Keywords: Coleoptera, Cerannbycidae, Cerambycinae, Strongylurini, Apros/ctus, revision, new species, Dupiipectus,
new genus.
Introduction
In 1866, Kaup described the genus
Westwoodia for the species Westwoodia
duivenbodei. Westwoodia was preoccupied by an
Australian genus of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)
described by Brulle (1846), so Pascoe proposed
the replacement name Aprosictus in 1866. In
1869, Lacordaire redescribed Aprosictus, clarifying
certain details. Among these, is one that requires a
small correction. On page 382 he states, regarding
the 11^^ segment of the antennae: “11 cylindrique,
aussi grand que 8-10 reunis” S a statement that
is in disagreement with the description of Kaup
(1866) for whom, “das 11 freie ist so lang als
alle 8 vorhergehenden” 2. In fact, I conclude that
for all species of Aprosictus, the 11^^ segment of
antennae is much longer than segments 8 to 10
combined.
Four species have hitherto been described
within the genus Apros/ctus: A. duivenbodei (Kaup,
1866) from Sulawesi, A. biiineatus Ritsema, 1881
discovered on Waigeo (also written “Waigeoe” in
Ritsema, 1881 or “Waigiu” in Aurivillius, 1916 or
“Waigiou” in Gressitt. 1959 or “Waigeu” in Gressitt
1 The 11^^ is cylindrical, as long as 8-10 connbined.
2 The 11^^ antennonnere alone is as long as the previous
8 segnnents.
& Szent-lvany, 1968), A. intricatus Blackburn,
1889 caught in the south of the Northern Territory
in Australia, and A. truncatus Aurivillius, 1916
which comes from the valley of the Sepik river in
New Guinea.
Of these four species, A. biiineatus and A.
truncatus do not really correspond to the description
of the genus because the antennae have lobes on
both sides rather than one side only, and have
major lamelliform lobes instead of filiform as was
described for Aprosictus. This difference had
already been mentioned by Aurivillius (1916) who
commented on A. truncatus: “Durch die Bildung
der Fuhler steht diese interessante Art in der Mitte
zwischen Aprosictus und Piezarthrius, indem die
Anhange der vorderen Seite der Fuhler wie bei
dieser Gattung flachgedruckt, die der Hinterseite
aber drehrund und fadenformig sind; beide sind
dicht feinhaarig” Curiously, this difference did not
encourage the author to separate these species
into two distinct genera.
In 1959, Gressitt indicated in his key to
3 This interesting species lies between the genus Apros¬
ictus and Piesarthrius due to the shape of its antennae.
It has connpressed lannella-shaped lobes in front of its
antennae, as in the latter genus, and cylindrical filifornn
lobes behind its antennae. Those two kinds of ornannen-
tation are covered with short setae.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Aprosictus fronn New Guinea that A. bilineatus
has flabellate antennae on one side only, but in A.
truncatus they are flabellate on both sides. In reality,
A. bilineatus does have flabellate antennae on two
sides, as briefly described by Ritsenna in 1881.
Aurivillius (1916), in his description of A. truncatus,
makes an error in stating that A. bilineatus differs
from the previous species in having combs only on
one side of the antennae: “A. bilineatus PITS, aus
Waigiu scheint etwas ahniich zu sein, weicht aber
durch die an der Spitze bedornten Flugeldecken
und die nur einseitig gekammten Fuhler ab” ^ The
error was then taken up by Gressitt (1959).
Recently, Slipihski & Escalona (2016) put
Aprosictus in synonymy with the genus Piesarthrius
without specifying in their work why this was
done. In fact, this decision was made following
preliminary work on Australian cerambycids during
a large genomic study project initiated by Duane
McKenna (Memphis University, Tennessee, in
progress) on the world’s phytophagous beetles.
Preliminary data suggest that the genus Apros/ctus
is derived from the genus Piesarthrius, which itself
forms a sterile branch in evolution (Adam Slipihski,
pers. comm.). Although these two genera form a
well-supported monophyletic group with Opsidota
and Strongylurus (Calder 2000), I will not retain
this affiliation (which might seem possible if only
Australian species are taken into account, and
the shape of the antennae is considered as a
highly variable character in this group). Aprosictus
differs from Piesarthrius in the filiform and non
lamelliform antennal lobes (Lacordaire 1869) and
by the presence of fine bristly setae on all surfaces
(Gressitt 1959). Moreover, Adam Slipihski himself
acknowledges that the genus Aprosictus seems to
form a distinct group, but requires clarification of its
position in relation to Piesarthrius and related taxa
for confirmation of this. While only one species of
Aprosictus is present in Australia, there are three
others present in Indonesia, two of which clearly do
not fall within the definition of the genus.
Therefore, I propose to integrate A. bilineatus
and A. truncatus, as well as two new species
discovered in 2013 and 2015, in a new genus:
Du pi i pectus gen. nov.
4 A. bilineatus from Waigeo looks identical, however
is differentiated by the toothed apex of the elytra and
combs located on only one side of the antennae.
Discussion about the choice of the tribe
The tribe Strongylurini was defined for the
first time by Lacordaire (1869) under the name
“Strongylurides” with two genotypes: Strongylurus
Flope, 1835 and Piesarthrius Flope, 1834. The
name of the tribe was changed without explanation
to Piesarthrini by McKeown (1947). In fact, he had
first changed the genus Strongylurus Flope, 1835 to
Coptopterus Flope, 1834, claimingthatStrongy/L/rus
was preoccupied by Strongylura Flasselt, 1923, a
genus of fishes and that is why McKeown decided
to replace Strongylurini by Piesarthrini (Elliot &
McDonald 1972). Bouchard & al. (2011), in their
“Family-group names of Coleoptera (Insecta)”,
maintain the name Piesarthriini arguing that it was
used as valid before 2000 as in Gressitt (1959: 84,
as Piesarthini) and was not rejected by an author
who, between 1961 and 1999, applied Article 13
of the then current edition of the International Code
of Zoological Nomenclature (see Art. 13.2.1). Elliot
& McDonald (1972) have however contested the
use of Piesarthriini by Justifying that the worker
who first names a family-group has priority over
any subsequent names according to the Art. 64 of
the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
(1961), furthermore they contest the replacement
of Strongylurus by Coptopterus, because a single
letter is sufficient to distinguish two genera
{Strongylurus and Strongylura) according to the Art.
56(a) of the same code.
At present, the composition of the tribe
Strongylurini is not definitively established.
Lacordaire (1869) during the creation of the
tribe, incorporated the genus Anatisis Pascoe,
1867 (= Piesarthrius Flope, 1834), Aprosictus
Pascoe, 1866, Bebius Pascoe, 1865, Exaereta
Pascoe, 1865 (= Exaeretiformis McKeown, 1945),
Heterolepis Lacordaire, 1869 (= Lacordairina
Vives, Sudre, Miles et Cazares, 2011), Lygesis
Pascoe, 1864, Opsidota Pascoe, 1864, Oxymagis
Pascoe, 1866 (incertae sedis), Piesarthrius Flope,
1834 and Strongylurus Flope, 1835. McKeown
(1947) includes in this tribe the genus Aprosictus
Pascoe, 1866, Bebius Pascoe, 1865, Coptopterus
Flope, 1834 (= Strongylurus Flope, 1835),
Exaeretiformis McKeown, 1945, Lygesis Pascoe,
1864, Piesarthrius Flope, 1834, Opsidota Pascoe,
1864, Oxymagis Pascoe, 1866, Phantissus
McKeown, 1940 and 7ya McKeown, 1940. In the
Titan database (Tavakilian & Chevillotte 2013), the
two tribes are present: Piesarthriini includes the
genera Exaeretiformis McKeown, 1945, Apros/ctus
Pascoe, 1866, Opsidota Pascoe, 1864, Piesarthrius
324
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
Hope, 1834; Strongylurini includes Bebius Pascoe,
1865, Lacordairina Vives, Sudre, Miles & Cazares,
2011, Lygesis Pascoe, 1864, Phantissus McKeown,
1940, Strongylurus Hope, 1835 and Tya McKeown,
1940. The cladistic analysis on the relationships
of the genera of Australian Strongylurini carried
out by Calder (2000) allows us to clarify a little
about the accuracy of the placennent of each genus
in this tribe. His conclusion is that a first clade
connprising Phantissus, Exaeretiformis, Lygesis and
a second clade connprising Opsidota, Strongyiurus,
Piesarthrius and Aprosictus nnay together constitute
a single higher clade that represents the tribe
Strongylurini excluding the genus Bebius.
The results of the phylogeny of the genera and
the historical analysis of the tribe enabled nne to
objectively choose the tribe Strongylurini for the
placennent of the genus Aprosictus.
Materials and methods
For about four years I have gathered specinnens
of this group fronn institutions, entonnologist
colleagues and with the use of the Internet. I
was able to obtain good photographs of all types
except for Aprosictus duivenbodei whose type
was deposited at the Hessen Regional Museunn
(Darnnstadt, Gernnany) but has not been located so
far. According to the curator of the Museunn, it is
possible that the type was placed with “non-type”
specinnens. Nevertheless, all the species known
hitherto could be studied and nnany new species
have been found. Overall, very few cerannbycids
in this group appear to have been captured until
now. I therefore did not want to dissect specinnens
to exannine the genitalia, in order to preserve as
nnuch as possible insects that are often unique.
Moreover, exannination of the external characters
alone is sufficient to separate the different species.
Work was carried out using a binocular nnicroscope
equipped with a 40/1 nnagnification zoonn.
First, I describe the new genus Dupiipectus
gen. nov. followed by the description of the four
species that connpose it. Then I provide a key to the
nnales of species of this genus. In a second step,
I redescribe the genus Aprosictus, followed by the
description of the fourteen species that connpose
it. I propose then a key to the nnales of species of
this genus.
Distribution nnaps of the species are provided
for each genus.
Abbreviations used in the text:
ANIC - Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra,
Australia;
AWC - Collection Andreas Weigel, Wernburg, Gernnany;
DTC - Collection Dnnitry Telnov, Riga, Latvia;
GCC - Collection Gerard Chennin, Channpigny-sur-Marne,
France;
LBC - Collection Larry Bezark, Sacrannento, U.S.A.;
MNHN - Museunn national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
France;
NBCN - Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands;
PJC - Collection Philippe Jacquot, Montboucher-sur-
Jabron, France;
SAM - South Australian Museunn, Adelaide, Australia;
SMNH - Swedish Museunn of Natural History, Stockholm,
Sweden.
Dupiipectus gen. nov.
Type species: Aprosictus biiineatus Ritsenna,
1881
Derivatio nonninis: Fronn the Latin “dupli”
(double) and “pecten” (connb). Refers to the lobes
of the antennae.
Description: Male. Length: 18.5-30.1 nnnn. Body
elongate, head and pronotunn black, elytra and
legs with brown to black tones. Head as wide as
the pronotunn. Eyes very large, coarsely faceted and
greatly enveloping the head in such a way that the
upper ocular lobe is divided in two half-lobes which
surround the antennal tubercles on both sides.
The two posterior half-lobes are contiguous, only
separated by the two pilose stripes which surround
the eyes. The frons is thus reduced to a snnall area
between the antennal tubercles, the clypeus and
the two anterior half-lobes. The gula is also very
reduced between the two lower ocular lobes. Apical
half of nnandibles strongly curved. Maxillary palps
thin and elongate. Antennal tubercles protruding
and contiguous. Antennae slightly exceeding the
apex of the elytra. Scape short, feebly curved and
strongly dilated, club-shaped, not exceeding the
base of the head. Pedicel very reduced (about 1/7^^
of the length of the scape). Antennomeres 3 to 10
cylindrical and progressively longer (8 and 9 of
substantially the same length). Eleventh segment
of antennae strongly inwardly curved, laterally
compressed, lamellate and very long (4 to 6 times
the length of the tenth segment of antennae).
Antennomeres 3 to 10 are each provided at their
apex with two elongate lobes bristling with very fine
bristles. Antennae with externals lobes lamelliform.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
identical to eleventh segnnent of antennae. Internal
lobes are filifornn. Lannellifornn lobes are of the sanne
length or slightly shorter than the apical segnnent
of antennae. The filifornn lobes are directed
downwards and are shorter than the lannellifornn
one. The pronotunn is feebly transverse, weakly
convex centrally of the sides and strongly punctate
on the entire surface, sonnetinnes except for poorly
delinnited snnooth areas on the disc. Pronotunn
bordered on each side by a thin longitudinal white
pilose stripe. Elytra shiny, regularly narrowed
towards the apex which nnay be arnned with spines.
The basal half of the elytra is coarsely punctate,
the apical half is practically snnooth. Legs short.
Fennora dilated, nnetafennora do not reach apex of
the elytra. Procoxae pronninent, prosternal process
narrow and strongly tilted backwards. Mesocoxae
flattened, nnesosternal process ennarginateapically.
Mese piste rnunn and nnesepinneron generally totally
and densely covered with white pilosity.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale, body length 27.3
nnnn. Sanne colour as the nnale. Head narrower
than the pronotunn. Antennae of eleven segnnents
reaching the centre of the elytra. Scape short and
clavifornn. Pedicel reduced. Antennonneres 3 to
11 flattened, 3 is longer than the scape and than
each of the seven following segnnents of antennae.
Segnnent 11 slightly longer than segnnent 3.
Antennonneres 3 to 10 serrate externally at the
apex. Antennonneres 4 to 10 substantially of the
sanne length. Pronotunn distinctly transverse. Elytra
parallel with the apex identically arnned as nnale.
The other characters are sinnilar to those described
above for the nnale.
Differential diagnosis: This genus is
internnediary between the genera Aprosictus
and Piesarthrius. Males differ fronn Aprosictus
by biflabellate antennae, lannellifornn lobes,
antennonnere 3 always shorter than 4, white
thick pilosity on all or part of nnesepisternunn
and nnesepinneron; they are differentiated fronn
Piesarthrius by biflabellate antennae and antennal
lobes bristling with fine setae. Fennales differ fronn
Aprosictus by serrate antennae with short and
stubby antennonneres, white thick pilosity on all
or part of nnesepisternunn and nnesepinneron and
by two thin lines of white pilosity on the pronotunn;
they are differentiated fronn Piesarthrius by a scape
nnuch shorter than antennonnere 3.
Duplipectus bilineatus (Ritsema, 1881) comb,
nov. (Plate 48 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' NBCN: 4 labels: white “Aprosictus
bilineatus Pits, type”, white “Bernstein Waigeoe.”, red
“Aprosictus biliniatus [sic!] Ritsenna, 1881 ZMAN type
COLE.1393.1”, red “TYPE” framed.
Additional material 16' PJC: Indonesia, Halmahera
island, V.1991, Len Hart leg., local coll.
Description: Male. Length 30.1 nnnn. Hunneral
width 8 nnnn. Body elongate, shiny. Head, pronotunn
and thorax black. Elytra yellow-brown on the apical
half, brown on the disc. A black central oblique
stripe separates the elytra in two equal parts.
Another black stripe borders laterally the elytra on
their anterior half fronn the hunneri to the central
stripe. Abdonnen dark-brown. Legs nnostly black at
the top and nnostly dark brown thereafter. Head
short, roundish. Eyes very large, coarsely faceted.
Antennal tubercles protruding, contiguous, ending
in a blunt tip at the rear. Neck shallowly punctate.
Frons snnooth, glabrous. Gula deeply and densely
punctate. Pilosity dense, thick, short, yellow around
the eyes. This pilosity is narrow around the lower
ocular lobes and the antero-upper half-lobes,
larger around the postero-upper half-lobes and
connpletely disappears behind the eyes. Sinnilar
pilosity sparsely overlays the antennal tubercles
and the nnouthparts. Antennae of eleven rounded
segnnents except the last which is flattened in the
fornn of a very elongated lannella. Antennae slightly
exceed the apex of the elytra. Scape strongly
dilated, club-shaped. Relative dinnensions of
antennal segnnents are: 2.34-0.34-1.00-1.17-1.37-
1.67-1.97-2.31-2.26-2.90-16.50. 11'^ segment of
antennae longer than 2 to 10 combined. Segments
3 to 10 are provided with two long lobes at their apex
as described above in the genus. Antennomeres 1
and 2 finely punctured, covered with sparse yellow
short bent pilosity. Antennomeres 3 to 11 densely
covered on the upper side with yellow bent setae,
thinner than those of segments 1 and 2. Other
surfaces of the antennae, lamelliform and filiform
lobes, are covered with very fine bristly setae.
Pronotum longer than broad. Anterior margin
straight, posterior margin sinuate. Sides broader
in the middle, regularly narrowed forwards, slightly
concave backwards. Punctation abundant on the
entire surface, except for a little glossy area on the
disc and two small elevations on either side of the
middle of the base. Pilosity sparse, decumbent,
short, yellow, except for the lower sutures fringed
with yellow dense setae. A fine longitudinal line (0,6
mm broad) of short bent white pilosity is on each
side of the disc. Scutellum triangular with round
summit, covered at the centre with an abundant
short bentthickyellow pilosity. The pilosity is very fine
and sparse on the edges. Elytra uniformly narrowed
326
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
fronn the base to the apex, which is extended with
two apical spines: one short along the suture and
a second one twice as long, placed nnore laterally.
Anterior half of the elytra abundantly and deeply
punctate up to the oblique black stripe. Apical half
very finely punctured or snnooth. A fine scattered
white pilosity nnainly covers the sides, the suture,
the apex and the hunneri of the elytra. Legs short,
nnetafennora distant fronn the apex of the elytra.
Fennora clavate. Tibiae flattened. Legs covered with
fine white or yellow tonnentunn, recunnbent on the
fennora, longer and bristly on the tibiae. Prosternunn
deeply and densely punctate. Mesosternunn with a
triangular elevation in its centre; the nnedian line
of the triangle is deeply grooved. Metasternunn
densely and finely punctured. Abdonnen snnooth,
covered with fine decunnbent yellow tonnentunn.
Mesepinneron and nnetepisternunn totally covered
with abundant white pilosity, thereby fornning two
clearly visible bands on the sides of the thorax. Last
sternite feebly ennarginate. Mesepisternunn and
nnetasternunn covered with a dense fine yellowish
pilosity. Prosternunn sparsely covered with a
decunnbent yellow short pilosity.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is closely
related to D. degroofi sp. nov. and D. buruensis
sp. nov., but it is nnainly distinguished fronn these
species by its scutellunn with thick setae on a
central stripe and thin setae on the sides, an elytral
black oblique stripe going up to the hunneral edge
but not going down to the apex of the elytra, and
the segnnent longer than 2 to 10 connbined.
Duplipectus buruensis sp. nov. (Plate 48 figs 4-5)
Holotype 6' PJC: Indonesia, Buru, llatvill. env., Rennajat
Mt, 200-300 nn, 5-18.1.2013, Arnost Kudrna leg.,
Stanislav JakI coll.
Pa raty pe 1 $ PJC: sanne data as the holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. This species is
panned in relation to the place of its capture: the
island of Buru in the province of Maluku.
Description: Male. Length 22.9 nnm. Flunneral
width 6.2 mm. Body elongate, shiny. Body dark
brown and black coloured except for the elytra
which are brown on the anterior half and yellowish-
brown on the posterior half. Flead rounded, short,
as wide as the pronotum. Mandibles protruding,
strongly curved on the apical half. Eyes large,
coarsely faceted, totally covering the cheeks. Frons
punctured near the tubercles, smooth at his cen¬
tre and vertically elevated over the densely punc¬
tured clypeus. Vertex narrow and punctate. A deep
furrow is present forwards the vertex between the
postero-upper ocular half-lobes. Gula narrow (ratio
width gula to width of the adjacent ocular lobe =
0.3) and punctate. Antennal tubercles protruding,
very emarginate, slightly punctate and terminated
in a blunt point towards the rear. Pilosity short, re¬
cumbent, yellow, dense between tubercles, eyes,
on the sides of the vertex, at the base of the tu¬
bercles and around the lower ocular lobes. Pilosity
scattered on the clypeus, the top of the tubercles,
the gula and absent behind the eyes. Antennae cy¬
lindrical, of eleven antennomeres. Segment 11 wid¬
ens in flattened lamella on its apical %. Extremity of
antennomeres 3 to 10 nodulous and provided with
two long lobes as described above in the genus.
Scape short, dilated, club-shaped apically. Pedi¬
cel very reduced. Relative dimensions of antennal
segments are: 1,87-0,28-1.00-1.44-1.58-1.72-
1.94-2.02-2.22-2.51-12.80. Segment 11 as long
as segments 5 to 10 combined. Antennomeres 1,
2 and extremity of antennomeres 3 to 10 shiny.
Upper side of antennae covered with short recum¬
bent pilosity; other antennal sides and the whole
surface of the lobes covered with thin erect setae.
Pronotum shiny, slightly transverse (length/width
= 0.9), with front margin nearly straight and basal
margin clearly sinuated. Sides convex forwards and
concave backwards. Disc wrinkled-punctured, sep¬
arated from the sides by two longitudinal lines of
white pilosity wider at the base than at the apex of
the pronotum. Punctation dense and deep outside
the two white lines. Edges of the pronotum borders
with a fine stripe of white and yellow pilosity. The
rest of the surface is covered with very sparse short
recumbent setae and long erect bristles. Scutellum
triangular with rounded apex and a central longi¬
tudinal stripe of short recumbent gold pilosity. It
appears dull, black and glabrous on each side of
the stripe. Elytra shiny, convex, regularly narrowed
from the base to the apex. Elytra terminated with a
central spike. Sutural edges of the elytra divergent
at the apex and terminated with an acute angle
rejoining the spike by following a concave curva¬
ture. A black oblique stripe separates the elytra
into two equal parts. The anterior part is brown and
densely punctured with a white recumbent seta
into each punctation. The posterior part is yellow¬
ish and mainly smooth and glabrous with only a few
punctations provided with a seta. The central black
oblique stripe does not reach the edges of the ely¬
tra. A brown and black elongated macula covers the
humeral angle and the lateral edge of the first third
of the elytra. A thin black line borders the external
margin of the posterior third of the elytra, widens
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
at the apex before reaching the extrennity of the
suture. Legs short, dark-brown with black joints.
Fennora clavate and flattened. Tibiae straight. Pilos-
ity very sparse, short, recunnbent on the fennora,
erect on the tibiae. Underside shiny dark-brown to
black. Prosternunn punctured with narrow process
between protruding fore coxae. Mesosternunn very
declivitous and punctured, ennarginated rearwards.
Metasternunn rough, covered in front with a thin
scattered tonnentunn, beconning denser towards the
apex. Mesepisternunn and mesepinneron densely
and totally covered with a white pilosity. Last vis¬
ible sternite regularly rounded at the apex without
ennargination.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale, body length 27.3
mm. Flumeral width 7.6 mm. Flead narrower than
pronotum. Antennal tubercles slightly raised without
blunt point towards the rear. No deep groove in front
of the vertex. Gula wide (ratio width gula to width
of adjacent ocular lobe = 0.47). Antennae short,
reaching the middle of the elytra. Scape short,
claviform. Pedicel densely pilose. Antennomere 3
longer than each of the seven following segments.
Antennomere 11 slightly longer than segment 3.
Antennomeres 4 to 10 short and practically of the
same length. Antennomeres 3 to 11 flattened; 3
to 10 are serrate externally at the apex. Pronotum
transverse (length/width = 0.8) with two longitudinal
stripes of white pilosity interrupted in the middle on
each side of a glabrous discal smooth longitudinal
line which do not reach the front and the posterior
margin. Elytra very convex, parallel and rounded
at the apex. The apical spike is in the axis of the
sutural quarter of the elytra. Elytra regularly and
shallowly punctured with a seta in the centre of
each puncture on its apical light coloured half.
Metasternum irregularly punctured, covered with
short setae. Mesepisternum and mesepimeron
densely and totally covered with white and yellow
pilosity. Last sternite with straight apical margin.
Other characters are similar to those described
above for the male.
Differential diagnosis: This species, close to D.
degroofi sp. nov. and D. bilineatus (Ritsema, 1881)
can be distinguished, besides its geographical
location, by the raised frons, the scutellum having a
central pilose stripe, the black oblique elytral stripe
not connected to the lateral stripe, the fifth visible
sternite without emargination and by the eleventh
antennomere equal to 5 to 10 combined in male.
Duplipectus degroofi sp. nov. (Plate 48 fig. 6)
Holotype 6' PJC: Indonesia, north of Seram, Saleman
village, XII. 2015, Benny De Groof leg., local coll.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. Named in thanks
to Mr De Groof (Belgium) who warmly offered me
this magnificent specimen.
Description: Male. Length 28.7 mm. Flumeral
width 7.3 mm. Body elongate, shiny. Flead,
pronotum, thorax and upper side of the legs black.
Elytra brown bordered with a wide black stripe from
the shoulders to the elytral apex. A second oblique
stripe begins in the middle of the elytra close to the
suture and reaches the first black stripe a bit further
back. A small brown elongated area is visible in the
middle of the first black stripe, against the external
edge of the elytra. Abdomen and outer side of the
legs are dark brown. Flead short, roundish. Eyes
enormous, coarsely faceted. Antennal tubercles
protruding, contiguous, terminated in a blunt point
towards the rear. Neck abundantly punctate. Frons
smooth and glabrous in the middle, punctured on
the outline. Gula deeply and densely punctured.
Clypeus irregularly punctured near the frons,
smooth near the labrum.Afine fringe of short yellow
setae borders the eyes both above and below but
not on the sides and back of the head. This fringe is
thicker between the postero-upper half-lobes. The
same pilosity also sparsely covers the base of the
antennal tubercles and the punctate frons surface.
Antennae of eleven cylindrical antennomeres except
the last which is flattened, elongated and lamella¬
shaped. The antennae slightly exceed the apex of
the elytra. Scape strongly club-shaped and dilated.
Relative dimensions of antennal segments are:
2.26-0.35-1.00-1.45-1.63-1.93-2.14-2.21-2.21-
2.79-13.93. 11^^ segment of antennae shorter than
4 to 10 combined. Segments 3 to 10 are provided
with two long lobes at their apex as described
above in the genus. The two first antennomeres are
smooth with few scattered setae. The upper side
of the nine following antennomeres is matt, except
the glossy nodular apex of the antennomeres 3 to
10. The other surfaces of the antennae, as well as
the surfaces of the lamelliform and filiform lobes,
are covered with very thin bristly setae. Pronotum
feebly transverse (length/width = 0.9). Front
margin straight, basal margin sinuate. Sides larger
in the middle, anterior half convex, posterior half
slightly concave. Punctation deep and abundant on
the sides but sparse and fine on the disc, which has
small smooth areas. Presence of a thin longitudinal
stripe (0.4 mm wide) of short decumbent white
pilosity on each side of the disc. Those stripes are
interrupted in the middle. The rest of the pronotum
have a sparse yellow decumbent pilosity, except
the prosternal sutures which are bordered with a
fringe of yellowish-white dense setae. Scutellum
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
triangular with a round top and densely covered
with a thick decunnbent short yellow pilosity. Elytra
gradually narrowed to the back and terminated by
two apical spines: a short one along the suture,
another three times longer and a little more to
the outside. Anterior half of the elytra strongly
punctured to the black oblique stripe. Apical half
very finely punctured or smooth. A very sparse white
thin pilosity covers the elytra into single piliferous
punctures. Legs short. Metafemora distant from the
apex of the elytra. Femora clavate. Tibiae flattened.
Femora covered with fine and decumbent yellow or
white bristles, similar type bristles are longer and
upright on the tibiae. Underside densely and deeply
punctured at the level of the prosternum and
mesosternum; densely and finely punctured at the
level of the metasternum. Abdomen smooth and
covered with a fine decumbent yellow tomentum.
Mesepimeron and metepisternum totally covered
with an abundant white pilosity forming two very
visible white stripes on the sides of the thorax. Last
stern ite feebly emarginate.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This new species is
closely related to D. bilineatus (Ritsema) and D.
buruensis sp. nov., but it is mainly distinguished
from these two species by a glabrous upper side of
the antennae, an antennomere shorter than
4 to 10 combined, an elytral black stripe along
the whole length of the side of the elytra and a
mesosternum with a triangular elevation.
Dupli pectus truncatus (Aurivillius, 1916) comb,
nov. (Plate 48 figs 7-9)
Holotype S SMNH: 20 mm, 7 labels: white “Sepik
Fluss”, white “Birger Morner”, white “Nya Guin.”,
white “Type.”, white “NHRS-JLKB000020613”, blue
“9140E92-I-”, red “Aprosictus truncatus AURIVILLIUS
1916 det. J. Ferrer”.
Additional material: 4(5' PJC: Indonesia, West
Papua, Mamberamo district, 28 km from Marikai,
Van Rees Mountains, 19-26.VI.2014, alt. 135 m,
S-02.17.708VE-137.05.401°, Gil Bretschneider leg.;
1(5' PJC: Indonesia, West Papua, Dabra env., Buare river
valley, 05-16.1.2009, alt. 100 m, Alexey N. Zamesov &
Viktor Sinjaev leg.
Description: Male. Length 18.5-23 mm. Humeral
width 4-5.4 mm. Body mainly black, shiny, elongated
with four longitudinal narrow stripes on the elytra:
one brownish stripe along the suture, behind the
scutellum; one yellowish brown stripe in the middle
and in the anterior half of the elytra; one yellowish
white stripe against the suture in the apical half of
the elytra (this stripe can be very reduced and then
only visible in its apical part); one beige stripe in
the middle of the elytra, beginning at the 3/5 and
reaching the 4/5 of the length of the elytra. Head
short, spherical. Eyes enormous, coarsely faceted.
Jowls non-existent. Upper ocular lobes contiguous
at the rear of the antennal tubercles. Lower
interocular space reduced to a coarsely punctured
gula less than V2 mm wide. Neck densely punctured
on the top and smooth on the underside. Frons only
punctured near the antennal tubercles, smooth
against the clypeus which is abundantly and
deeply punctured. Antennal tubercles contiguous,
feebly punctured. Mandibles externally punctured,
covered with few thin bristles. Antennal tubercles
with dense pilosity of short decumbent thick and
whitish setae forwards, sparsely identical setae
at the rear. Lower and upper interocular spaces
as well as the half-moon shaped space between
antennal tubercles and eyes, are bordered with
fine yellowish fringe of setae. Antennae smooth
of eleven cylindrical segments except for the 11^^
which is flattened elongated and lamella shaped.
Antennae slightly surpassingthe elytral apex. Scape
short, club-shaped, dilated. Relative dimensions of
antennal segments are: 1.73-0.27-1.00-1.52-1.73-
1.99-1.86-1.79-1.66-2.33-10.07. Antennomere 11
longer than 6 to 10 combined. Segments 3 to 10
with two long lobes at their apex as described above
in the genus. Antennomeres 1 and 2 present a very
reduce pilosity of some very fine and short setae.
The rest of the antennae (with the lobes) is entirely
covered with fine bristly setae uniformly arranged.
Pronotum slightly transverse with a straight front
margin and a sinuate posterior margin. Sides
broader in the middle, progressively and linearly
narrowed forward and backward. Punctation dense
and deep on the whole surface. Pilosity limited to
few brownish decumbent bristles. Two longitudinal
discontinuous (short interruption slightly in front of
the middle of the pronotum) stripes of dense short
bent white pilosity on each side of the disc. A short
third longitudinal stripe, measuring one third of the
pronotum length, is in the centre of the base of
the pronotum. The lower sutures of the pronotum
are fringed with short decumbent yellowish setae.
Scutellum rounded and very densely covered with
short decumbent thick beige pilosity. Elytra sub¬
parallel, apex truncate without spine, punctation
deep on the basal half and suddenly erased on the
apical half. Pilosity short, sparse, thick, decumbent
mainly along the suture and in the sides of the
elytra. Legs short. Femora flattened and claviform.
Tibiae shorter than the femora. Pilosity sparse and
white on the external sides of the legs, dense fine
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
and long on the undersides and internal sides of
the legs. Ventral surface spotted with snnall areas
of white pilosity: one such area longitudinal and
median in the centre of the strongly punctured
prosternum; one other small area on the base
of the mesepimeron; one longitudinal short and
median on the anterior tip of the mesosternum,
one bigger covering the whole apical half of the
metepimeron, three to six spots on the second,
third and fourth visible sternites. Mesosternum
densely punctured. Metasternum finely punctured.
Fifth sternite emarginate with rounded sides.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Key to males of genus Duplipectus
1 Apex of the elytra truncate (New Guinea) .
. D. truncatus
- Apex of the elytra with tooth . 2
2 Black oblique stripe on elytra extended to the hunneri
. 3
- Black oblique stripe on elytra not extended to the hu¬
meri (Buru) . D. buruensis sp. nov.
3 Black lateral stripe reaches middle of elytra, an¬
tennal segment longer than 4 to 10 combined (Halma-
hera, Waigeo) . D. bilineatus
- Black lateral stripe reaches apex of elytra, 11^^ anten¬
nal segment shorter than 4 to 10 combined (Seram) ....
. D. degroofi sp. nov.
Genus Aprosictus Pascoe, 1866
Type species: Aprosictus duivenbodei (Kaup,
1866)
Description: Male. Length: 17-30 mm. Body
brown to dark brown, elongated. Flead as wide
as, or slightly less wide, than the pronotum.
Mouthparts prominent, snout shaped. Mandibles
fine and curved. Maxillary palps fine and long.
Eyes large, coarsely faceted with an upper lobe
divided into two half-lobes circling the antennal
tubercles which are protruding, deeply emarginate
and terminated backwards by a blunt tip. Eyes
bordered with a thin fringe of short, dense and
decumbent setae, which can be severed behind
the eyes, and which totally or partially covers the
antennal tubercles. Pilosity is also present on the
other parts of the head but sometimes excludes
some glabrous areas on the frons, the vertex or the
gula. Antennae fine and long of eleven segments,
slightly shorter to slightly longer than the apex of
the elytra. Scape short, strongly dilated and slightly
arched. Pedicel very reduced, measuring less than
one millimetre. Antennomeres 4 to 11 generally
gradually extending, the third segment may be
sometimes longer than the following. Antennomere
11 very large, often much longer or equal to the
antennomeres 2 to 6 combined. Antennomeres
3 to 10 are provided with a long external apical
protrusion. Those filiform lobes, covered with short
bristly setae, sometimes exceed the apex of the
antennae. Pronotum slightly transverse, cylindrical
or cylindro-conical with thinning towards the apex.
It possesses three glabrous and smooth areas: a
median longitudinal stripe and two protuberances
Map 1. Duplipectus gen. nov. distribution.
Legends: circles - D. bilineatus (Ritsenna, 1881), triangle - D. buruensis sp. nov., rhonnboid - D. cfegroof/ sp. nov.,
squares - D. truncatus (Aurivillius, 1916).
330
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
situated on either side of the base of the pronotunn.
Sides of the pronotunn showing strong punctations
often concealed under dense pilosity. Elytra are
either sub-parallel or regularly narrowed backwards.
The base is deeply and abundantly punctured. This
punctation progressively decreases towards the
apex, whose surface is slightly granulous. Elytra
always have at least one spine, sonnetinnes tiny. A
black nnacula is often present in the centre of the
elytra. Legs short. Fennora clavate, flattened and
shorter than the straight tibiae. Apex of nnetafennora
distant fronn the apex of the elytra. Lower surface
entirely covered with a fine tonnentunn, except
for a well-nnarked axial line at the base of the
metastern unn and for two fine stripes which
underline this base from either side of the axial
line. Prosternum densely punctured and elevated
with a strongly declivitous process backwards.
Fore coxae protruding with very narrow process.
Mesosternum very declivitous except for the sub¬
horizontal process.
Sexual dimorphism: Female body elongate,
same colour as the male. Length 21.5-37 mm.
Similar to the male except for the antennae and the
elytra. Antennae of eleven segments. Scape strongly
dilated. Pedicel very reduced. Antennomeres 3
to 10 serrate. Segment 3 longer than each of the
seven following segments. Antennomeres 4 to 11
are laterally widened over their entire length, which
gives them a dorso-ventral flattened appearance.
Antennae of variable length according to species:
generally exceeding the middle of the elytra but
reaching apex in some species. Elytra parallel and
generally without apical spine.
Aprosictus acutipennis sp. nov. (Plate 48 fig. 10)
Holotype 6' PJC: Indonesia, Sunnatra, 2014, Silvia
Jakusch leg.
Derivatio nominis: from Latin “acutus” (sharp)
and “penna” (wing) relative to the narrowness of
the extremity of the elytra.
Description: Male. Length 31.5 mm. Humeral
width 7.8 mm. Width before the curvature of the
apex of the two elytra 4.5 mm. Body elongate red
brown with the head, the pronotum and the scapes
black. Head of the same width as the base of the
pronotum. Eyes very expanded, covering the greater
part of the head except for a small area between
the upper and the lower ocular lobes. Eyes totally
bordered with a fringe of short decumbent dense
yellow setae. This pilosity rises on the antennal
tubercles and descends on the clypeus and the
external sides of the mandibles except forthe centre
of the frons, which is almost without punctation as
opposed to the very densely punctured gula. Neck
densely punctured on the top. Vertex with a fine
smooth longitudinal stripe. Neck smooth on the
underside. Antennal tubercles strongly emarginate,
and blunt jagged toward the rear. Antennae fine
and slightly exceed the apex of the elytra. Scape
short, stocky, not exceeding the head. Pedicel
very reduced. Relative dimensions of antennal
segments are: 1.98-0.38-1.00-1.00-1.03-1.19-
1.35-1.33-1.57-1.95-8.68. Segment 11 is as long
as antennomeres 3 to 9 combined. Antennomeres
3 to 10 bear a long feathery lobe in apical and
external position. These lobes, apart from those
of antennomeres 3 and 4, exceed the extremity
of the antennae. The latter are covered on their
entire circumference with small short decumbent
setae. Fine short bristles cover the undersurface
of the antennae and the whole surfaces of the
lobes. Pronotum conical, narrower at the apex, as
long as the width of the base, totally covered with
a dense short decumbent yellow pilosity apart from
three smooth and glabrous areas as follows: a fine
longitudinal stripe on the disc and two triangular
protuberances on either side of the middle of the
base. Surface ridged and punctured, hardly visible
under the pilosity. Scutellum triangular with round
tip, densely covered with a yellow decumbent
pilosity. Elytra highly convex, regularly narrowed
from the shoulders to the curvature before the
apex. Ratio of bi-humeral width to widest over the
width before the apical curvature = 1.7. Apical spine
offset from the suture. Surface of elytra deeply and
densely punctured on the basal half, very light and
very fine on the second half. Elytra brown on the
basal quarter and rapidly turn yellowish-brown on
the extremity. Elytra bordered with a thin black
line from the curvature before the apex to the
suture. A little chevron-shaped black spot with
the tip pointing forward is located in the centre of
the elytron. This chevron is farther from the outer
edge of the elytra than from the suture. Pilosity
yellowish-beige, sparse and very regular. All setae
easily visible and individually distinguishable. Legs
short with flattened and clavate femora longer than
the tibiae. These are almost straight and somewhat
flattened. Legs brown with the top of the femora
blackfora ninth of their length. Pilosity fine, whitish,
uniformly arranged except for the inner surfaces of
the meta- and mesofemora, which are smooth and
glabrous. Pilosity dense on the femora and sparse
on the tibiae. Underside abundantly covered with a
fine yellowish tomentum on the prosternum and the
mesosternum, whitish on the metasternum and the
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
abdonnen. The pilosity is however sparser on the
metasternunn and the nnesosternunn. Prosternunn
and nnesosternunn strongly punctured. Prosternunn
strongly raised between protruding and reconciled
coxae (space between the coxae = 0.35 nnnn).
Mesosternunn very declivitous with a U-shaped
ennarginate process. Metasternunn with three
glabrous and snnooth lines: one line on the nnedian
suture, one line along the rear edge on either side
of the centre without ever reaching the nnedian
suture. Fifth visible sternite lengthily and shallowly
ennarginate.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is very
close to A. duivenbodei (Kaup, 1866) but it is
distinguishable by its narrower gula with a ratio
of width of gula to width of adjacent lobe equal
to 0.36 versus 0.67 for A. duivenbodei (Kaup); by
a beige abdonninal pilosity, which is yellow for A.
duivenbodei (Kaup); by a different antennal fornnula
with segnnent 3 = 4 and 11 = 3 to 9 connbined,
while A. duivenbodei (Kaup) has the segnnent 3 < 4
and 11 > 3 to 9 connbined. A. acutipennis sp. nov.
is also very close to A. diiatoscapus sp. nov. but can
be distinguished fronn it by a thinner scape having
a ratio of length to width (only the globular part
taken at the widest) equal to 2.45 versus 2.16 for
A. diiatoscapus sp. nov.; by its narrower gula with a
ratio of gula width to adjacent ocular lobe width of
0.36 versus 0.49 for A. diiatoscapus sp. nov. and
by the denser pilosity of the pronotunn.
Aprosictus armellae sp. nov. (Plate 49 fig. 1)
Holotype 6' PJC: Indonesia, West Papua, Sorong,
11.1999, Hasan Agusyanto leg, local coll.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. I dedicate this
new species to nny wife Arnnelle in recognition of her
support and all the sacrifices she nnakes in order
for nne to pursue nny passion for entonnology.
Description: Male. Length 29 nnnn. Hunneral
width 8 nnnn. Body elongate, dark brown. Head
and pronotunn blackish brown. Apical teeth of the
elytra and Joints between tibiae and fennora black.
Head short with very large coarsely faceted eyes.
The postero-upper ocular half-lobes conne closer to
the top, leaving a narrow and glabrous interocular
space, slightly wider than the interantennal groove.
Lower ocular lobes connpletely cover and hide the
cheeks and the nnajor part of the gula. This, as well
as the vertex, are roughly wrinkled-punctured. Frons
and clypeus densely punctured and pilose. Clypeus
very short with the sides snnooth and glabrous. Eyes
bordered with a fringe of short decunnbent yellow
golden pubescence which ascends densely on the
whole surface of the antennal tubercles. Antennae
fine with eleven cylindrical segnnents, exceedingthe
apex of the elytra. Scape globose. Second segnnent
of antennae very reduced. Segnnents 3 to 10
with long lobes in postero-external position. Each
protrusion is cylindrical and exceeds the extrennity
of the eleventh segnnent of antennae, except those
of the segnnents 3 and 4. Segnnent 11 stretched
in the fornn of an elongated “S” which is as long
as antennonneres 2 to 10 connbined. Relative
dinnensions of antennal segnnents are: 2.10-0.39-
1.00-1.00-1.13-1.23-1.39-1.43-1.63-2.11-11.33.
Antennae totally covered with a short dense pilosity,
initially golden-yellow on antennonneres 1 and 2,
then yellowish-white on the other antennonneres.
The entire periphery of the lobes is covered by
fine upright setae. Pronotunn slightly transverse
(length/width = 0.94). Front nnargin straight and
posterior nnargin slightly sinuated, preceded by a
thin transverse groove. On each side of the nniddle
of the base are two oblique flat protuberances
which attenuate and disappear on the sides of
the pronotunn. Coarsely wrinkled-punctured shiny
disc with a nnedian snnooth line of poorly defined
contour. Each punctation of the disc has a yellow
golden decunnbent seta at its centre, whereas the
sides of the pronotunn are nnore finely punctured
on a nnatt ground and show very irregular white
pilosity, sonnetinnes dense, sonnetinnes non¬
existent. Scutellunn as long as wide, characterized
by a central yellow golden decunnbent pilosity
bordered by a whitish pilosity except for the anterior
edge. Elytra sub-parallel on 9/10^^ of their length
then abruptly narrowed to the apex. Elytral suture
divergent at the apex and ternninated with a spine.
Elytra coarsely punctured on the basal half and
beconning progressively snnoothertowards the apex.
Elytra fairly regularly covered with a long decunnbent
sparse yellow golden pubescence. Elytra with two
snnooth oblique glabrous pseudo-carina running
fronn the shoulders to the elytral suture near the
apex. The internal pseudo-carina exceed % of the
length of the elytra, the external pseudo-carina
exceeds 9/10^^ of the length of the elytra. Legs
short. Fennora clavate, covered with thin decunnbent
dense yellow pilosity. This pilosity appears whitish-
yellow on the posterior fennora. Metafennora
reaching the apical quarter of the elytra. Tibiae
shorter than the fennora and less densely covered
with bristly whitish-yellow setae. Lower surface
entirely covered with a dense pubescence except
for a fine glabrous snnooth nnedian nnetasternal
stripe widening to the posterior edge and for two
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
lines running fronn the postero-external edge of the
metastern unn, lying upon the posterior edge for half
of its length then obliquely ascending frontwards to
the centre of the metasternum, without reaching
the smooth median stripe. Prosternum and
mesosternum strongly punctured. Procoxae very
protruding and contiguous (0.3 mm between the
coxae). Prosternum very declivitous behind the
coxae. Mesosternum with a longitudinal elevation
in the centre of its process. Mesosternum less
pilose at the centre than the other ventral areas.
Sternite VII very feebly emarginate in the middle.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is easily
distinguished from the others with its immaculate
elytra covered with long curled hairs and its
pronotum without dense white pubescence.
Aprosictus dilatoscapus sp. nov. (Plate 49 fig. 2)
Holotype 6' PJC: Indonesia, West Sulawesi, Mannasa,
VI.2014.
Paratype 16' GCC: Indonesia, Sulawesi, Puncak,
01.X.1999, local coll.
Derivatio nominis: from Latin “dilato” (broaden,
spread out) and scape (first article of the antenna
of an insect). Referring to the highly globose scape
of this insect.
Description: Male. Length 29-30 mm, bi-humeral
width 7.6 mm. Body elongate, reddish-brown to
blackish. Elytra brown on their first third, yellowish
brown otherwise. Head a little less wide than
the pronotum. Eyes very large, coarsely faceted,
bordered by an edging of fine golden yellow setae.
Frons coarsely punctured, covered with identical
pilosity except for a small central glabrous area.
Antennal tubercles contiguous, maskingthe bottom
of the central groove, covered with fine golden
yellow setae except for the posterior blunt tip.
Postero-upper interocular space entirely covered
with the fringes of golden setae. Lower interocular
space totally punctured and approximately half as
wide than the adjacent ocular lobe. Vertex smooth,
glabrous, bordered on each side behind the eyes
with a distinctly punctured and pilose surface.
A small smooth and glabrous elevation is visible
between the base of postero-upper ocular half¬
lobes. Antennae long and thin, slightly exceeding
the apex of the elytra. Scape short, strongly dilated
for its entire length (ratio length/width = 2.16).
Pedicel very short. Relative dimensions of antennal
segments are: 1.96-0.31-1.00-1.11-1.20-1.34-
1.45-1.42-1.62-1.93-9.87. Segment 11 longer
than 3 to 9 combined. Segments 3 to 10 with long
lobes in postero-external position. Lobe of segment
3 does not extend to the tip of the antennae, that
of segment 4 arrives at the level of the apex of the
11^^ segment. Subsequent lobes protrude beyond
the antennae ends and all arrive at substantially
the same level. The lower surface of the antennae
and the entire surface of the lobes are covered with
stiff bristles. The other surfaces are covered with
thin decumbent short setae. Pronotum conical,
very slightly transverse, base 1.4 times wider than
apex. Surface with short transverse anastomose
wrinkles on the top, rugose-punctate on the sides.
Pilosity golden, scattered, extremely fine, very
short, with three glabrous and smooth areas: a
longitudinal irregular wrinkled axial stripe on the
disc and two triangular smooth protuberances on
either side of the centre of the base. Scutellum
with curvilinear edges densely covered with a
golden yellow short fine pilosity. Elytra shiny, sub¬
parallel, abruptly narrowed at the apex. Elytra 2.7-
2.8 times longer that wide. Apex terminated with a
spine slightly offset from the suture. Elytra with a
black oblique spot behind the middle. This spot is
closer to the sutural edge than to the lateral edge
without ever reaching both. The apical quarter of
the elytra is externally bordered by a thin black
stripe up to suture. Elytral pilosity yellow, thin, very
short, decumbent and regularly spread over the
entire surface including the central black spot. All
setae originate in the hollow of a punctation that
is deeper forwards than backwards of the elytra.
Legs short, reddish-brown with apex of femora
black. Underside of profemora heavily obscured.
Femora clavate and laterally flattened. Metafemora
reach of the elytra length. Lower surface
entirely covered with a thin yellow duvet except
for two glabrous and smooth lines at the postero¬
external edges of the metasternum. Procoxae
protruding with very narrow process (0,3 mm wide).
Prosternum strongly elevated and punctured.
Mesosternum very punctured and declivitous apart
the sub-horizontal process which finishes with a
strong indentation between the mesocoxae. Last
visible sternite without indentation.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is very
close to A. duivenbodei (Kaup, 1866) and has
often been confused with it in collections due to its
identical geographical distribution. Without having
seen the type for A. duivenbodei (Kaup), I faced
the problem of deciding which of these two species
had served as the type species for the genus, and
which was new. The morphological differences
are rather small and the original description of
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
A. duivenbodei by Kaup (1866) does not nnake it
possible to decide. Fortunately as A. duivenbodei
(Kaup) is the original species of the genus, the
genus description gives a valuable clue. I quote
fronn the description of Westwoodia relating to
the pronotunn: “Er zeigt uberall kleine Querwulste,
die ausser einenn nnittleren Laengstreifen und 2
nackten runden Flecken ann Flinterrand nnitgroben
Flaerchen dicht bedecktsind” In fact, the presence
of a dense pronotal pilosity designates only one
of these two sinnilar species. Despite the nnain
characteristic being a nnore visible elytral pilosity,
which differentiates A. duivenbodei (Kaup) fronn
A. diiatoscapus sp. nov. Other notable differences
are: a globose scape (length/width = 2.16) for
A. diiatoscapus sp. nov., while it is club-shaped
(length/width = 2.5) for A. duivenbodei (Kaup); the
presence of a snnall elevation in front of the vertex,
between the base of the postero-upper ocular half¬
lobes for A. diiatoscapus sp. nov.; the lobe of the
fourth antennonnere which does not reach the
extrennity of the antennae \ nA. duivenbodei (Kaup).
Aprosictus duivenbodei (Kaup, 1866) (Plate 49
figs 3-4)
Material exannined: 16' PJC: Indonesia, West
Sulawesi, Mannasa, 11.2015, local coll.; 1(6 MNHN:
Indonesia, North Sulawesi, with 2 labels: “Celebes.
Menado.” and “Ex-Musaeo VAN LANSBERGE” in coll.
Jannes Thonnson; 1(6 MNHN: Indonesia, Sulawesi, with
3 labels: “Aprosictus duivenbodei Kaup”, “Celebes” and
“Ex-Musaeo Mniszech” in coll. Jannes Thonnson; 1(6 & 1$
[depository unknown]: Indonesia, South Sulawesi, Pulu
Pulu, XII. 1998, Alain Audureau leg.; 1(6 PJC: Indonesia,
Central Sulawesi, Palolo village, 01°17.8’S/120°14.9’E,
alt. 1250nn, 111.2017, local coll., Christopher Nock leg.
Description: Male. Length 22-32 nnnn, Hunneral
width 6-8 nnnn. Body elongate, reddish-brown to
blackish. Elytra sub-parallel, suddenly narrowed
at the apex. Apical half of the elytra brown. Head,
pronotunn, scape and sternunn darker. Head as wide
as the pronotunn, ainnost fully covered by coarsely
faceted eyes. Eyes bordered by a fringe of thin yellow
golden setae which extend along the antennal
tubercles and go down to the frons excluding a
snnall central glabrous area and to the clypeus.
Pilosity is present on the nnouthparts including the
external face of the nnandibles. Neck with yellow-
creann pilosity. Antennal tubercles jointed and
nnasking the bottonn of the central groove. Lower
5 It presents all over snnall transverse wrinkles which are
densely covered with coarse brisites, except for a longi¬
tudinal nnedian strip and 2 round glabrous patches on
the posterior border.
interocular space entirely punctured and 1,5 tinnes
narrower than the width of the adjacent ocular
lobe. Vertex snnooth and glabrous, bordered on
each side behind the eyes by a clearly punctured
and pilose area. Antennae long and thin, exceeding
the apex of the elytra. Scape strongly globular
club-shaped, reaching the anterior nnargin of the
pronotunn. Pedicel reduced. Relative dinnensions of
antennal segnnents are: 1.99-0.38-1.00-1.08-1.17-
1.24-1.38-1.44-1.54-1.84-9.39. Antennonnere
11 longer than 3 to 9 connbined. Segnnents 3 to
10 flabellate in postero-external position. The
lobes of antennonneres 3 and 4 do not extend
as far as the extrennity of the antennae, those of
antennonneres 5 and 6 Just reach the extrennity of
the eleventh segnnent. The following flabellae all
extend equally beyond the apex of the antennae.
Lower surface of the antennae and surfaces of
the flabellae covered with upright bristles. Other
antennal sides covered with thin decunnbent short
setae. Pronotunn conical, as long as wide. Base
1.4 tinnes wider than the anterior edge. Pronotunn
strongly punctured, covered with a dense pilosity of
thin short decunnbent yellow-creann setae identical
to those of the neck. Three glabrous areas without
punctations are visible: an axial irregular stripe
on the disc and two triangular protuberances on
each side of the nniddle of the base. Scutellunn
triangular, densely covered with short yellow golden
pilosity. Elytra shiny, dark brown to yellowish brown
sonnetinnes black on the hunneri. Elytra 2.7 to 2.8
tinnes as long as wide. Apex ternninates with a
slightly off-axis spine of the suture. Elytron with a
black oblique spot behind the nniddle. This spot is
closer to the sutural edge than to the lateral edge,
without ever reaching either. The apical quarter of
the elytra is externally bordered with a thin black
edging stopping at the suture. Pilosity of the elytra
yellow, short, decunnbent and regularly distributed
over the whole surface, including the central black
spot. Each setae originates in the hollow of a
punctation which is deeper towards the front than
towards the rear of the elytra. Legs short, reddish-
brown with apex of fennora black. Fennora clavate,
laterally flattened. Metafennora exceed % of the
length of the elytra. Fore and nnetatibia ainnost
straight, nnesotibia slightly arched. Lower surface
entirely covered with a thin yellow tonnentunn except
for two snnooth and glabrous lines at the posterior
edge of the nnetasternunn. Fore coxae protruding
with very narrow process. Prosternunn punctate
and strongly elevated. Mesosternunn declivitous
and punctate excluding the sub-horizontal process,
which ends with a deep indentation between the
334
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
nnesocoxae. The lateral edges of this process fornn
a raised bead. The front tip of the nnetasternunn
straightens prior to nesting in the indentation of
the mesosternunn. Last visible sternite markedly
emarginate.
Sexual dimorphism: Female of identical colour
to the male but of different shape. Length 37 mm,
humeral width 10 mm. Elytra parallel, abruptly
narrowed in arc at the apex, which terminates with
an acute angle slightly off-axis from the suture.
The apical third of the elytra is black bordered
up to the apex. Antennae without ramifications,
exceeding the middle of the elytra, reaching the
base of the black elytral spot. Scape club-shaped
dilated. Pedicel very reduced. Antennomeres 3
longer than 1 and 2 combined and longer than all
the other antennomeres. Antennomeres 4 to 10
are progressively shorter. Antennomere 11 slightly
shorter than 3. Antennomeres 3 to 9 are toothed
in postero-external position. The whole surface of
the antennae is covered with a short decumbent
pilosity.
Aprosictus exiguus sp. nov. (Plate 49 fig. 5)
Holotype 6' PJC: Australia, West Australia, south of
Kimberley, Broome env., XII. 2010, local coll.
Paratypes 2(5' ANIC: Australia, West Australia,
Wyndham, 15°28’S/128°6’E, 15.XII.1930, H. J. Willings
coll.
Derivatio nominis: From Latin “exiguus” (small),
referring to the small size of this species.
Description: Male. Length 17-18 mm, Flumeral
width 4-4.2 mm. Body elongate, brown with darker
head and pronotum. Elytra marbled with brown,
yellow and blackish colours. Internal sides of
meta and mesofemora as well as external sides of
profemora are sometimes blackened. Flead with
an elongated muzzle and encompassed by huge
coarsely faceted eyes. Jowls non-existent. Antennal
tubercles and gula deeply punctured. Ratio of width
of gula to width of lower ocular lobe equal to 0.3.
Frons and vertex lightly punctured on the outskirts
and smooth in the centre. Neck shallowly punctured
on the top, smooth and shiny on the outside
and furrowed on the sides. The fringe of golden
pilosity bordering the eyes is faintly demarcated,
then non-existent rearward of the eyes. A sparse
pilosity covers the rest of the head except for the
smooth areas. Antennal tubercles not contiguous,
separated by a fine shallow furrow. Tubercles
protrude little and are strongly emarginated with
a smooth and glabrous tip. Antennae cylindrical of
eleven antennomeres not reaching the apex of the
elytra. Scape short, club-shaped, slightly curved
underside. Pedicel reduced. Relative dimensions of
antennal segments are: 0.85-0.12-1.00-0.78-0.74-
0.74-0.74-0.72-0.81-0.96-2.20. Antennomere 11
as long as 2 to 6 combined, widens and flattens
out for the last third in the shape of a downwardly
curved spatula. Antennomeres 3 to 10 show apical
external lobes. The flabellum of the segment 3
reaches the extremity of the segment 10, that of
segment 4 exceeds segment 10, that of segment
5 exceeds the first third of segment 11, that of
segment 6 reaches the middle of segment 11,
those of segment 7 and 8 reach two-thirds of the
eleventh antennomere and those of segments
9 and 10 reach 9/10^^ of segment 11. Scape
slightly punctured with short decumbent sparse
pilosity. The underside of antennae and lobes are
covered with thin, short, decumbent bristles of
equal length. Bristles are absent from the upper
side of the antennae, which are covered with very
thin decumbent setae. Pronotum as long as wide,
shiny. Sides regularly rounded. Anterior margin
straight, basal margin sinuate. Disc red-brown,
irregularly punctured covered with sparse pilosity. A
small smooth elongated area with a poorly defined
contour along the median line is on the basal half
but does not reach the base of the pronotum. Two
short and smooth protuberances are located on
either side of the middle of the base. Six macula of
decumbent yellow-gold setae are seen around the
disc. A discontinuous band of lighter coloured dense
setae follows the base of the pronotum. Sides are
dark red-brown to black, very coarsely and deeply
punctured, covered with scattered pilosity denser
than that of the disc. Scutellum strongly declivitous
forward, with a rounded tip, covered with short
yellow pubescence. Elytra shiny, convex, regularly
and slightly narrowed to the apex. A low depression
straddles the elytra behind the scutellum. The
elytral suture ends apically with an acute angle
externally connected to a small tooth by following
a concave curvature. Surface of the basal half of
the elytra deeply punctured. Punctures of apical
half gradually attenuated towards the apex where
they completely disappear, giving way to a bumpy
surface. Pilosity of the elytra short, decumbent,
very sparse near the base, then denser towards
the apex. Colour of the humeral quarter red-brown
and black, lighter on the disc. The black colour
suggests a forward pointing chevron. Apical quarter
yellow-brown to brown finishing towards the front in
a black tip (sometimes reduced to a black point).
Central part of the elytra is yellow with a brown
spot in the form of a forward pointing chevron to
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
the rear of the nniddle of each elytron. The chevron
shaped spots do not extend as far as the suture
but reach the lateral edge of the elytra. Legs with
fennora clavate, laterally flattened, longer than the
tibiae. Metafennora reach 6/7^^ of the length of the
elytra. Tibiae very straight. Pilosity of the fennora
connposed of sparse decunnbent setae, while that
of the tibiae is connposed of bristly setae. Underside
with a strongly elevated cone-shaped prosternunn.
This is deeply and densely punctured with a
decunnbent seta in the nniddle of each punctation.
Prosternunn shiny, red-brown, sometimes black on
the periphery. Anterior coxae serried (0.2 mm) and
protruding. Mesosternum rugose-punctate, covered
with very slender, decumbent sparse pilosity.
Mesosternal process emarginated between flat
coxae. Metepimeron densely covered with easily
visible yellow pilosity. Same pilosity covers the
mesepimeron more or less completely. Sternite VII
slightly emarginate in the middle.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is
noteworthy due to its small size, the antennae not
exceeding the apex of the elytra and upper side of
the lobes without bristles.
Aprosictus fuscus sp. nov. (Plate 49 fig. 6)
Holotype 6' AWC: Indonesia, West Papua, 50
km South of Nabire, Flaga road, Pusppenssat,
3°29’53”S/135°43’83”E, 18.11.1998, leg. A. Weigel.
Pa retypes: 16' LBC: Papua-New-Guinea, Ivimka
Research Station, Lakekamu Basin, alt. 120 m,
7°44’S/146°30’E, 03-15.VI.1999, Heydon S. L, Schiff
N. & Sears T. A. leg.; IS DTC: Indonesia E, W New
Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Ayamaru vill., near the jetty,
1°16’19S, 132°11’58”E, -250-260 m, 03-04.IX.2015,
lakeside, white light, leg. D.Telnov; 1(6 ANIC: Papua New
Guinea, Western Province, South Fly District, Morehead,
08°43’S/141°38’E, 28.IV.1971, at light, Balderson &
Baker coll.
Derivatio nominis: Named from Latin “fuscus”
(brown) for the uniform colour of this species.
Description: Male. Length 23-27 mm. Flumeral
width 5. 5-6. 9 mm. Body elongate, brown or dark
brown, often black at the head, the pronotum, the
scapes and the femoro-tibial Joints. Flead short.
Eyes big, coarsely faceted, covering the major part
of the head, partially bordered with a fringe of yellow
golden setae. This fringe is interrupted at the rear
of the postero-upper half-lobes which are linked
without glabrous separation. Antennal tubercles
contiguous, intermediate furrow apparent, pilosity
yellow on base. Jowls non-existent. Gula and
vertex coarsely wrinkled-punctured. Antennae thin.
exceeding the apex of the elytra. Scape globose.
Antennomeres 3 to 10 have long cylindrical lobes
in postero-external position. The lobes do not
extend beyond the antennae. 11^^ antennomere
slightly inwards curved, as long as antennomeres
3 to 8 combined. Relative dimensions of antennal
segments are: 1.24-0.26-1.00-0.81-0.85-0.85-
0.91-0.98-1.11-1.14-5.13. Antennae covered
with short sparse regular and decumbent pilosity.
Lobes covered with thin bristly setae. Pronotum
subcylindrical, somewhat narrower at apex, slightly
longer than broad in the smallest specimens,
slightly transverse in the largest. Pronotum densely
covered with very short decumbent yellow pilosity,
which is less abundant on a wide top stripe thus
revealing a relief in the form of transverse wrinkles
along its entire length. Two tenuous protuberances
can be occasionally distinguished, arranged
either side of the middle of the base. Scutellum
triangular with rounded top, densely covered with
yellow golden pilosity. Elytra three times longer
than wide, narrowed from the humeri to the apex.
Abundant punctation at the base progressively
attenuated towards the apex, which has a slightly
irregular surface. Pilosity scattered and regularly
distributed over the whole surface of the elytra. All
decumbent setae, initially yellow on the humeral
quarter, become white for the rest of the elytra.
All setae appear in the centre of a punctation. The
apex of the elytra has a tiny tooth at the suture.
A darker trace is sometimes perceptible at the
centre of the elytra. Legs short. Femora brown,
laterally compressed, clavate, black at the apical
extremity and frequently on top of the external and
internal faces. Femora densely covered with white
decumbent pilosity. Tibiae shorter than femora
with sparse white decumbent pilosity on the upper
face, short yellow and bristly on the lower face.
Ventral surface irregularly covered with variable
pilosity. Prosternum and mesosternum coarsely
punctured and covered with thin decumbent short
yellow setae. Metasternum densely and shallowly
punctured, covered with thin long bristly yellowish
setae. Abdomen covered with thin short decumbent
white tomentum. Fifth visible sternite straight or
slightly concave apically.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is the only
one without black spot on the elytra and without
visible spines at their apex.
Aprosictus glabrofasciatus sp. nov. (Plate 49 fig. 7)
Holotype (6 PJC: Indonesia, Central Sulawesi, Palolo
village, 01°17.8’S/120°14.9’E, alt. 1250m, XI.2014,
336
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
Christopher Nock leg.
Pa retype: 16' PJC: sanne data as the holotype but
111.2017.
Derivatio nonninis: Nanned fronn Latin “glaber”
(glabrous) and “fascia” (stripe), referring to the
black glabrous fascia of the elytra.
Description: Male. Length 25 nnnn, hunneral wide
7 nnnn. Body elongate, dark brown to black, apical
half of the elytra brown. A blackspot is clearly visible
at the nniddle of the elytra. Head rounded. Eyes very
large, coarsely faceted, bordered with a fringe of
thin short yellow golden setae. Jowls non-existent,
entirely covered by the eyes. Gula wrinkled, narrow
(width gula / width lower lobe = 0.6). Frons slightly
granulous, nnatt, lightly covered with yellow golden
pilosity. Mandibles short, bristling with fine golden
yellow setae on their external surfaces. Vertex
matt, smooth, glabrous. Neck slightly wrinkled,
finely punctured on upper surface, smooth on the
underside. The fringe of setae surrounding the
eyes extends a long way down the neck behind
the upper ocular lobes, leaving the area behind
the vertex glabrous. Antennal tubercles protruding,
contiguous, terminated in blunt tips, densely
covered with golden yellow setae excluding tips, very
emarginate with the insertion patella of the scapes
clearly visible. Antennae thin, cylindrical, reaching
the apex of the elytra. Scape short, globose,
slightly downward curving. Second segment of
antennae very reduced. Relative dimensions of
antennal segments are: 1.22-0.30-1.00-0.85-
0.82-0.82-0.82-0.82-0.88-1.07-4.82. Eleventh
segment of antennae almost straight and as long
as antennomeres 2 to 7 combined. Segments 3 to
10 show long apical filiform feathery lobes. Lobe of
the third segment reaches the middle of the 11^^
antennomere; lobes of the antennomeres 4 to 8 do
not reach the extremity of the 11^^ antennomere.
Subsequent lobes exceed the 11^^ segment. The
upper side of the antennae is covered with dense
short decumbent thin yellow pilosity. The lower face
is densely covered with thin, short and bristly setae
identical to those covering the lobes. Pronotum
slightly transverse (length/wide = 0.9) with straight
anterior margin and very slightly sinuated posterior
margin. Sides strongly punctured and covered with
dense decumbent yellow golden pilosity. Surface
rough on a large median longitudinal stripe which
has distinguishable glabrous protuberances either
side of the base and median glabrous longitudinal
line with poorly defined contour. This line begins at
the apex and extends towards the base up for ya
of the length of the pronotum. Within this median
stripe and outside of the glabrous areas, the yellow
golden pilosity is sparse and irregular. Scutellum
with rounded top, very densely covered with thin
decumbent yellow golden pilosity. Elytra 2.6 times
longer than wide, progressively narrowed from the
shoulders to the apex. Apex rounded, armed with
a very small (almost invisible) tooth at the sutural
angle. Basal half of the elytra densely punctured,
apical half very lightly punctured. The central
smooth and glabrous fascia is in the form of a
thick quasi-triangular chevron. Two pseudo-carinae
starting in the humeral position are just visible on
the elytra with the inner one ending immediately
after the fascia, the external one endingjust before
the apex. Elytral pilosity identical to that of the
pronotum but much less abundant and irregularly
scattered. Legs short. Femora clavate, covered
with dense pilosity of thin decumbent short beige
setae. Metafemora reach % of the length of the
elytra. Tibiae thin, straight, sparsely covered with
short thin setae. Profemora black. Meso- and
metafemora dark brown. Underside densely
covered with thin yellow tomentum on the sternum,
whitish on the abdomen. The posterior margin of the
metasternum is smooth and glabrous. Prosternum
rugose-punctate with the region behind the coxae
heavily declivitous. Mesosternum punctured with a
slightly rearward emarginated process bulging on
the sides. Fifth visible sternite with a long shallow
emargination.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis: this species is very
close to Aprosictus dilatoscapus sp. nov. but
can be distinguished from it by the smooth and
glabrous elytral spot (punctured and pilose in A.
dilatoscapus sp. nov.), by its antennomeres 4 to 9
being approximately of the same length (gradually
increasing in A. dilatoscapus sp. nov.), by the 11^^
segment of antennae as long as 2 to 7 combined
(longer than 3 to 9 combined in A. dilatoscapus sp.
nov.) and by its metafemora which reach % of the
length of the elytra versus iR dilatoscapus sp.
nov.
Aprosictus intricatus Blackburn, 1889 (Plate 49
figs 8-10)
Holotype (6 SAM: 4 labels: white “Aprosictus intricatus
Blackb.”, white “J.6500 Aprosictus intricatus Bl n.
territory” with the red nnention “type” on the side, white
“N. territory J. P. Tepper”, white “SAM Database No. 25-
034469”.
Additional nnaterial: 1(6 ANIC: Australia, Queensland,
Burra range Teleconn tower, 20°43’48”S/145°10’48”E,
11.11.1994, at light, K. L. Dunn & M. F. Braby coll.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Description: Male. Length 19-25.4 nnnn. Hunneral
width 5-6.1 nnnn. Body elongate, shiny, dark red-
brown. Head, pronotunn and internal sides of the
fennora blackish. Anterior half of the elytra marbled
with blackish, dark red-brown and brown colours;
apical half mostly yellow brown with a thin brown
stripe. Head as wide as the pronotum. Eyes coarsely
faceted, extended over the cheeks, bordered with
a fringe of white setae except for their posterior
edge. This pilosity partially covers the antennal
tubercles and the mouthparts. Neck densely and
finely punctured on top and sides, wrinkled on the
underside. Frons punctured with a white seta in
the centre of each punctation. Gula punctured on
the periphery, smooth in the centre, very slightly
narrower than the adjacent ocular lobe. Antennal
tubercles protruding, strongly emarginate, without
acute elevation backwards. Antennae do not extend
completely to the apex of the elytra. Scape gradually
widening into club shape. Pedicel very short.
Relative dimensions of antennal segments are:
1.89-0.32-1.00-0.74-0.74-0.77-0.81-0.81-1.13-
1.52-5.17. Eleventh segment of antennae longer
than antennomeres 3 to 8 combined. Segments
3 to 10 have long filiform postero-external lobes
which exceed the apex of the antennae except
for the lobe of the third antennomere. Antennae,
including the lobes, are lightly covered with a short
white pilosity. Lower surfaces of antennae and
lobes are covered with erect bristles. Antennomeres
1 to 10 are black at their apex. Antennomere 11
is slightly thickened and offset at its extremity.
Pronotum subcylindrical, longer than wide. Sides
gently and uniformly rounded, being widest in the
middle. Anterior margin with a strong constriction,
posterior margin very slightly emarginate. Surface
shiny, irregularly wrinkled-pleated with three slight
protuberances: one in the middle of the disc is
wide and rounded, the other two are on each side
of the middle of the base. Pilosity white, short,
decumbent, sparse on the top and denser on the
sides. Scutellum triangular, covered with feebly
yellowish-white pilosity. Elytra shiny, covered by very
deep punctures on almost the entire surface; this
punctation is slightly attenuated at the extremity.
Apex with concave arc shaped notch, with a strong
spine on each side of this notch. The centre of each
punctation has a short white decumbent seta. Two
pseudo-carina appear to emanate from alignment
of the spaces between punctations along the
elytra. The humeral third of elytra is mostly dark
red-brown and black, becoming a less intense dark
brown for the next third and yellow-brown for the
final one third with denser pilosity. A red-brown
and black forwards pointing chevron-like macula
covers the width of the middle of each elytron. A
second red-brown macula of faintly defined contour
starts Just rear of the centre of the chevron and
Joins rectilinearly the elytral suture a little before
the apex. A second forwards pointing black chevron
delimits the end of the dark humeral area. Legs
short, red-brown. Femora flattened, clavate, black
on the summit, more or less darkened on the
internal face, lightly covered with thin decumbent
white pilosity. This pilosity is more scattered and
more bristly on the tibiae. Metatibiae extend less
than 9/10^^ of the elytra. Lower surface covered
with a whitish variable pubescence: thick short
decumbent setae on the prosternum and the
abdomen, thin short setae on the mesosternum
and metasternum. Fifth visible sternite somewhat
emarginated.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is easily
recognisable due to the very deeply punctured
elytra and pronotum covered with white pilosity. A.
intricatus Blackburn, 1889 is somewhat analogous
to A. ex/guL/ssp. nov., particularlythe wide extremity
of the eleventh antennomeres and the absence of
firm bristles over the antennae.
Aprosictus lombokensis sp. nov. (Plate 49 fig. 11)
Holotype 6' PJC: Indonesia, North of Lombok Island,
Senarm village, 5-8.XI.2010, A. Sokolov leg.
Pa retype 16' PJC: Indonesia, North of Lombok Island,
near Sernam village, 4-8.XI.2010, A. Sokolov leg.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. To be referring to
the place of its capture: the island of Lombok in the
province of West Nusa Tenggara.
Description: Male. Length 27 mm, humeral width
7 mm. Body elongate, totally brown with the head
and the pronotum darker. Head short, rounded.
Eyes large, globular, coarsely faceted. Gula narrow
and punctured. Vertex very narrow between postero-
upper half-lobes. Frons smooth and glabrous in
the centre. Clypeus punctured. Eyes completely
bordered with a fringe of short dense thick yellow
setae less densely so along the antennal tubercles,
the neck, the clypeus and the external edge of the
mandibles. Sparse yellow bristles are present on
the mouthparts, the gula and the neck. Antennae
cylindrical of eleven antennomeres substantially
exceeding the apex of the elytra. Scape short,
globose, slightly dorso-ventrally arched. Second
segment of antennae very reduced. Relative
dimensions of antennal segments are: 2.26-0.35-
1.00-0.93-0.93-1.25-1.39-1.51-1.62-1.92-11.84.
338
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
Eleventh segnnent of antennae longer than 2 to 10
connbined. Antennonneres 3 to 10 have very long,
thin cylindrical feather-duster shaped apical lobes.
Lobes of the antennonneres 3 and 4 do not attain
the apex of the antennae, those of antennonneres
5 to 10 exceed it. Segnnents 1 and 2 totally covered
with a thin short decunnbent yellow pubescence;
subsequent antennonneres are identically covered
with a whitish pubescence. Lobes covered with
thin short yellowish white pilosity on the basal
fifth of their length. Underside of antennae and
whole surface of lobes present thin bristly setae.
Underside of the antennae densely punctured.
Pronotunn slightly transverse, sides narrowed
forwards. Front nnargin straight, posterior nnargin
sinuated. Pronotunn covered by very dense short
decunnbent white pubescence totally nnasking the
ground colour, exceptfor a wide longitudinal central
band on the disc with sparse yellow pubescence
on lightly punctured surface. A snnall longitudinal
glabrous stripe with an irregular outline follows the
nnedian line of the pronotunn. Pubescence bordering
the central part of the base of the pronotunn is
predonninantly white. Scutellunn triangular with
rounded tip, covered with a yellow and white
backward leaning pubescence sinnilar to that of the
sides of the pronotunn. Pubescence nnostly white on
the sides and nnostly yellow on the base and in the
centre of the scutellunn. Elytra elongated, gradually
narrowed towards the rear. Elytral suture divergent
at the apex, black, provided with a spine. Basal
half of elytra densely punctured. This punctation
decreases gradually towards the rear. Surface
of elytra regularly and lightly covered with short,
yellow, backward directed pubescence, except for
three glabrous longitudinal pseudo-carina on the
elytra. A snnall black oblique line in the centre of
the elytra can be discerned under the pilosity. Legs
short, dark brown with fennoro-tibial articulation
black. Legs covered with a thin sparse decunnbent
yellow pilosity. Fennora clavate. Metafennora very
distant fronn the apex of the elytra. Lower surface
covered with a thin short yellow pilosity on the
nnesosternunn and the back of the prosternunn,
beige on the abdonnen, white on the front of the
prosternunn. Fore coxae protruding and contiguous
(0.1 nnnn between coxae). Mesosternunn strongly
declivitous. The triangular tip at the nnetasternal
apex lodged in the nnesosternunn indentation has
a snnall central elevation. Sternite VII distinctly
ennarginate.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Aprosictus lombokensis
sp. nov. appears sinnilar to A. armellae sp. nov.
as both have very visible elytral pilosity. What
distinguish A. lombokensis sp. nov. is elytra
progressively narrowed backwards (sub-parallel in
A. armellae sp. nov.), sides of pronotunn with dense
pilosity (scattered pilosity in armellae), eleventh
segnnent of antennae longer than 2 to 10 connbined
(equal to 2-10 connbined in A. armellae sp. nov.),
very narrow prosternal process and sternite VII
very clearly ennarginated (slightly ennarginate in A.
armellae sp. nov.).
Aprosictus paloloensis sp. nov. (Plate 50 fig. 1)
Holotype 6' PJC: Indonesia, Central Sulawesi, Palolo
village, 01°17.8’S/120°14.9’E, alt. 1250 m, XI.2014,
Christopher Nock leg.
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. New nanne is to
refer to the place of its capture, Palolo village.
Description: Male. Length 25 nnnn, hunneral width
6.7 nnnn. Body elongate. Head, scape, pronotunn
and a part of the legs are black. Basal half of the
elytra, antennae (apart the lobes), ventral face
and the rest of the legs are blackish-brown. Apical
half of the elytra and lobes of the antennae are
dark brown. Head rounded. Eyes very big, coarsely
faceted, bordered with a fringe of thin short yellow
gold setae. Jowls non visible, totally covered with
the eyes. Gula wrinkled, narrow (gula width / width
of the lower adjacent ocular lobe = 0.4). Frons:
superior half punctured and pilose. Mandibles
short, bristly with thin yellow gold setae on the
external edge. Vertex matt, smooth, glabrous. Neck
finely punctured on the top, smooth on the bottom
and lightly wrinkled on the sides. The fringe of
setae surrounding the eyes extends slightly down
the neck behind the upper ocular lobes, leaving the
area behind the vertex glabrous. Antennal tubercles
protruding, contiguous, ending with a blunt tip,
densely covered with yellow gold setae except for the
glabrous tips, strongly emarginate, clearly showing
the insertion patella of the scapes. Antennae fine,
cylindrical, reaching apex of elytra. Scape short,
globose, slightly dorso-ventrally bent. Antennomere
2 very short. Antennomere 3 longerthan each of the
six following antennomeres. Relative dimensions of
antennal segments are: 1.32-0.32-1.00-0.93-0.85-
0.85-0.93-0.93-0.96-1.12-5.44. Antennomere 11
almost straight and longer than antennomeres 2 to
7 combined. Segments 3 to 10 carry long filiform
feathery lobes on the apex in external position.
Lobe of antennomere 3 reaches the middle of the
11^^ antennomere. Lobes of antennomeres 4 to 8
end prior to extremity of the 11^^ segment. The two
subsequent lobes extend beyond the 11^^ segment
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
of antennae. Upper side of antennae covered with
dense short decunnbent beige pilosity. Underneath
densely covered with thin short bristly setae,
identical to those covering the lobes. Pronotunn
slightly transverse (length/width = 0.87) with a
straight anterior nnargin and a very lightly sinuated
posterior nnargin. Sides strongly punctured, covered
with dense decunnbent beige pilosity. Surface rough
on a large longitudinal nnedian stripe, glabrous on
two protuberances on either side of the nniddle of
the base and on a nnedian line with poorly defined
outline. This line starts at the apex and extends
backwards ya of the length of the pronotunn.
Pilosity into the large nnedian stripe and besides
the glabrous areas is beige and relatively dense.
Scutellunn with a rounded tip very densely covered
with thin decunnbent yellow pilosity. Elytra 2.6tinnes
as long as wide, progressively narrowed fronn the
shoulders to the apical extrennity. Apex rounded,
black bordered, ternninated by a very snnall black
sutural tooth with a light coloured tip. Basal half
of the elytra blackish brown, densely punctured.
Apical half dark brown, very lightly punctured. Each
elytron with a chevron shaped (with the tip directed
forward) snnooth and glabrous central spot. Two
pseudo-carina starting in hunneral position are
faintly visible on the elytra: the innernnost one
ends just after the fascia, the outer one ends Just
short of the apex. Pilosity irregularly distributed
on the elytra with identical setae to those of the
pronotunn but nnore sparse. Legs short. Fennora
clavate, covered with dense pilosity of short thin
decunnbent beige setae. Profennora black. Meso
and nnetafennora dark brown. Metafennora reaches
Vio^^ of the length of the elytra. Tibiae thin, straight,
shorter than the fennora, lightly covered with short
thin setae. Ventral surface densely covered with a
thin tonnentunn beige on the prosternunn, yellowish
on the nnesosternunn and whitish on the abdonnen.
Prosternunn very rough with the part behind the
coxae strongly declivitous. Mesosternunn punctured
with a significantly rearward ennarginated process
with bulging sides. Fifth visible sternite straight
without notch.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This species is very
close to Aprosictus glabrofasciatus sp. nov. but
nnainly distinguished fronn it by the beige pilosity of
the pronotunn, the snnooth and shiny front of the
frons, the narrow gula, the black nnaculae of the
elytra in the shape of a thin chevron, the strongly
notched nnesothoracic process and the last sternite
without ennargination.
Aprosictus pedicellus sp. nov. (Plate 50 fig. 2)
Holotype 6' PJC: Indonesia, West Sunnatra, Padang,
V.1999, Shunchang Luo leg.
Derivatio nonninis: Nanned fronn Latin
“pedicellus” (pedicel) in reference to the particularly
shaped pedicel of this species.
Description: Male. Length 21.5 nnnn, hunneral
width 5.6 nnnn. Body elongate, reddish-brown.
Pronotunn blackish. Head, elytral nnacula, scapes,
internal side of nneta and nnesofennora and external
side of profennora black. Head as wide as pronotunn.
Eyes huge, coarsely faceted, enconnpassing the
nnajority of the head including Jowls. Frons and gula
with sonne coarse punctations with central single
yellow-gold seta. Gula half as wide as the adjacent
ocular lobe. Vertex snnooth and glabrous near the
eyes. Neck densely covered with shallow punctures.
Antennal tubercles contiguous, very ennarginate
and slightly protruding. Eyes, excluding behind the
lower ocular lobes, surrounded by a thin strip of
yellow-gold recunnbent setae. Antennal tubercles
sparsely covered with thinner gold setae. Antennae
of eleven cylindrical segnnents, not reaching apex of
elytra. Scape short, globular, strongly club-shaped,
dilated at the apex, covered with a few thin yellow-
gold recunnbent setae. Pedicel non-rectilinear,
extrennely short, with a peduncle (ennbedded part
into the scape) fornninga nnarked angle (135° at the
external side) with the outer part of the segnnent.
Relative dinnensions of the antennonneres are:
1.67-0.37-1.00-0.93-0.93-0.90-1.00-0.97-1.10-
1.23-7.55. Antennonnere 11 is substantially of the
sanne length than antennonneres 3 to 10 combined.
Antennomeres 3 to 10 have elongated feathery
lobes in postero-external position. Flabellum
3 reaches of the length of 11^^ segment,
flabellum 4 reaches the of the length of the
11^^ segment, flabellum 5 reaches the apex of the
11^^ segment. The subsequent flabellae arrive more
or less at the same level and exceed the apex of the
elytra. Antennae with whitish recumbent pilosity
on the internal and upper sides, of progressively
decreasing length from antennomere 2 to
antennomere 11. This pilosity is denser than that
of the scape. The entire surface of the flabellae and
the lower antennal surface are densely and regularly
covered with fine erect bristles. Pronotum shiny, as
wide as long. Anterior margin straight, posterior
margin slightly sinuated. Pronotum covered with
a dense recumbent yellow-gold pilosity concealing
the surface, exceptfor a wide median slightly pilose
stripe. This stripe has a lightly wrinkled-punctured
relief with three small smooth glabrous areas: two
340
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
protuberances on either side and against the base
of the pronotunn and a triangular axial area against
the front margin. Scutellum with straight edges and
round top, covered with dense short yellow-gold
rearward facing recumbent pilosity. Elytra distinctly
convex with a ratio of length to humeral width (at the
widest) equal to 2.4. Elytra progressively narrowed
from front towards the rear. Apex terminated with a
tiny (hidden by pilosity) sutural spine. A black comma
shaped macula is in the centre of each elytron. The
maculae are distant from the suture but reach the
external edge, which is black from the macula to
the apex. Punctation firstly dense and deep on
the anterior half, considerably decreasing behind
the central macula. The centre of each puncture
has a thin gold, rearward facing, recumbent seta.
Pilosity of elytra sparse, regularly distributed over
the entire surface. Legs flattened. Femora clavate,
covered with thin whitish recumbent pilosity. Tibiae
straight, covered with scattered and bristly setae.
Ventral surface covered with a thin yellowish-white
tomentum. Prosternum strongly elevated and
punctured. Fore coxae prominent with very narrow
process (0.23 mm between coxae). Mesothoracic
process forked back. Fifth visible sternite simply
sinuated.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Only this species
possesses a non rectilinear pedicel which easily
differentiates it from the other species.
Aprosictus sangirensis sp. nov. (Plate 50 figs 3-4)
Holotype 6' PJC: Indonesia, North Sulawesi province,
Sangihe archipelago, Sangir island, XII. 2015, Masahiko
Yoshikawa leg., local coll.
Paratype 1$ MNHN: Indonesia, 2 labels: “lies Sangir”
and “Ex-Musaeo VAN LANSBERGE” in coll. James
Thomson.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. New name to
refer to the place of capture, Sangir island in North
Sulawesi province.
Description: Male. Length 28.5 mm, humeral
width 6.5 mm. Body reddish-brown with the
pronotum dark brown. Scape, apex of the femora,
extremity of the elytra and elytral spot black. Head
short, round, aswide as the pronotum. Eyesverybig,
globose, coarsely faceted, totally hiding the jowls.
Eyes e n c i rc I e d wi t h a f i n e f r i n ge of s h 0 rt ye 1 1 0 w seta e
which also cover the antennal tubercles and the
entirety of the surface between the tubercles and
the eyes. Vertex wrinkled-punctured, covered with
few sparse decumbent short yellow setae. Antennal
tubercles contiguous, strongly notched, raised.
terminated in a rounded tip. Frons punctured. Gula
coarsely punctured, covered here and there with a
few scattered bristles. Gula one-third of the width
of the adjacent ocular lobe. Antennae cylindrical,
extending well beyond the elytra. Scape globose for
its entire length. Relative dimensions of antennal
segments are: 2.37-0.37-1.00-1.05-1.16-1.21-
1.47-1.53-1.90-2.21-12.41. 11'^ segment of
antennae extremely long, exceeding the length of
the antennomeres 2 to 10 combined. Segments
3 to 10 have elongated lobes in postero-external
position. Lobes of antennomeres 3 and 4 do not
reach the extremity of the elytra, those of the
following antennomeres do. Antennae uniformly
covered with thin short decumbent whitish setae.
Underside of the antennae and flabellae are covered
with thin bristly setae regularly arranged. Pronotum
as long as wide. Anterior margin slightly sinuated,
posterior margin long-emarginated in the middle.
Sides nearly straight from the base to the % of its
length, then quickly narrowed forward. Ratio basal
width to apical width = 1.4. Disc shiny, wrinkled-
punctured, with a fine central glabrous longitudinal
line ending before the base of the pronotum; next
to this line, the yellow pilosity is reduced, short,
thin and regular, allowing the basal colour to show
through. Two small glabrous protuberances extend
from the base on each side of the centre. Sides
matt, wrinkled-punctured, with the same pilosity as
the disc. Scutellum triangular, declivitous, covered
with short decumbent gold pubescence. Elytra
elongated, progressively narrowed backwards.
Ratio humeral width to width before the apical
curvature = 1.5. The apical sutural margins of the
elytra are divergent and rejoin the external margin
in a wide spine. Apex of elytra black, raised up,
slightly concave. A small black macula, comma
shaped, is present in the middle of each elytron.
Basal third is dark brown, apical two-thirds are
brown. Punctation dense and deep at the base
and gradually attenuated towards the apex. Two
pseudo-carina are visible along the elytra. Pilosity
on the whole surface of the elytra is regular, sparse
and white. All setae are located in the centre of a
punctation. Legs short. Femora clavate, flattened,
longer than the straight tibiae. Metatibiae do not
reach the apex of the elytra. Profemora are deep
black. Ventral surface dark brown at the level of
the thorax, abdomen brown. Prosternum coarsely
punctured and elevated between contiguous and
protruding coxae. Mesosternum densely and deeply
punctured, with a deep V-shaped indentation at
the rear. Metasternum with a distinct groove on the
median suture. Last sternite narrow without visible
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
ennargination.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale sanne colour as
the nnale, but of different size and shape. Length
35 mnn, hunneral width 9.4 nnnn. Body elongate with
parallel elytra presenting a well-defined hunneral
wideningfor one fifth of their length. Head narrower
than the pronotunn. Vertex and frons possess a
snnall glabrous area. Gula 1.4 tinnes narrower
than the adjacent ocular lobe. Antennae exceed
the middle of the elytra, antennomeres 4 to 11
dorso-ventrally flattened. Relative dimensions of
antennal segments are: 1.25-0.19-1.55-1.07-0.97-
1.00-1.00-0.99-1.09-1.04-1.75. Antennomeres
brown, slightly darker at the apex. Segments 3 to
10 are externally toothed at the apex. Pronotum
slightly transverse with the sides rounded and the
widest section behind the middle. Pronotum with a
small anterior constriction, base wider than apex.
Scutellum U-shaped. Elytra convex with a black
external apical edge and rounded apex without
spine. A black macula wider than that of the male
is visible behind the middle of the elytra. Front legs
not darkened like those of the male. Mesosternum
shows a vaguely rectangular apical emargination.
Last stern ite practically straight.
Differential diagnosis: Very close to Apros/ctus
dilatoscapus sp. nov. but can be distinguished in
male by a narrow gula, 11^^ segment of antennae
longer than 2 to 10 combined, a raised elytral
apex and an anterior tip of the metasternum
passing under the posterior indentation of the
mesosternum, whereas the tip is imbricated into
the indentation in A. dilatoscapus sp. nov.
Aprosictus sexpunctatus sp. nov. (Plate 50 figs
5-6)
Holotype 6' ANIC: Australia, Queensland, Toowoomba,
27°33’36”S/151°57’0”E, 30.XII.1972, D.A. Lane coll.
Pa retypes 6 specimens: 1$ (allotype) ANIC: Australia,
New South Wales, 1,5 miles east of Freshwater River,
lluka district, 29°21’36”S/153°19’48”E, 17.1.1971,
mercury vapor light, D. K. McAlpine & A. Hughes
coll.; 1 6' ANIC: Australia, Queensland, Mt. Spec,
18°57’S/146°11’E, 13.1.1964, J. G. Brooks coll.; 1 6'
ANIC: Australia, Queensland, Toowoomba, Prince Henry
Heights, 27°33’S/151°59’E, alt. 620 m, 10.1.1983,
I. F. B. Common coll.; 1 6' ANIC: Australia, New South
Wales, north of Grafton, Fortis Creek State Forest,
29°29’S/152°55’E, 09.XII.1996, S. G. Watkins coll.; 1
(5' ANIC: same data as holotype; 1 6' ANIC: same data as
allotype.
Derivatio nominis: from Latin “sex” (six) and
“puncta” (point), in relation to the pattern of the
pronotal pilosity.
Description: Male. Length 19-22 mm, humeral
width 5-5.8 mm. Head, pronotum and thorax red-
brown to blackish. Legs, antennae and abdomen
brown to dark brown. Elytra marbled yellow to black
with brown, dark brown and red-brown colours.
Head short, narrower than the pronotum. Eyes
globular, coarsely faceted, completely covering
the head except for the frons, the vertex and the
gula. Gula deeply and densely punctured, relatively
narrow (1.5 times narrower than the width of the
adjacent ocular lobe). Frons coarsely punctured
in its narrower part and smooth in its larger part.
Vertex punctured. Antennal tubercles protruding,
finely punctured, strongly emarginate, smooth
on the summit ridge, close slopped separated by
a thin groove. Eyes surrounded by short dense
gold pilosity, excluding the posterior margin, this
pilosity extends along the antennal tubercles
but stops short of the summit ridge. Antennae of
eleven cylindrical segments. Relative dimensions
of antennomeres are: 1.64-0.21-1.00-0.86-0.93-
0.93-0.93-0.96-1.14-1.79-5.43. Eleventh segment
of antennae as long as antennomeres 3 to 8
combined. It possesses a small notch visible near
its extremity. Scape strongly clavate, extended to
the anterior margin of the pronotum. Segments
3 to 10 show a long flabellum in postero-external
position. The flabellum of segment 3 extends as far
as the top of the segment 10, the other lobes reach
a point between the extremity of the antennomeres
10 and 11. Scape sparsely and lightly punctured
with tiny setae in the middle of each punctation,
some long erect bristles are visible on the scape.
Antennae covered with thin antenna coloured
setae and erect dense bristles uniformly distributed
only on the lower face (including the lobes).
Antennae extend to or exceed the apex of the
elytra. Pronotum slightly longer than wide. Sides
curved, widest beyond the middle. Anterior margin
straight with a slight constriction. Posterior margin
lightly sinuated. Disc wrinkled-punctured. Sides
very coarsely punctured and darker than the disc.
Pronotum sparsely covered with very thin short
gold setae and long white scattered bristles found
mainly on the sides. Six tuft of gold setae vaguely
arranged in circle around the disc characterize
this species. Scutellum with rounded top, covered
with short decumbent gold setae. Elytra shiny,
convex, elongated (length/humeral width = 2.5
to 2.6), gradually narrowing from humeri to apex.
A slight depression straddling the elytral suture is
visible behind the scutellum. The deep and dense
punctation gradually decreases from front to back.
Each puncture houses a short thin seta. Pilosity
342
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
denser on the apical quarter of the elytra but nnay
be very attenuated in sonne specinnens. Pattern
visible on elytra is a black forward facing chevron
rear of the middle of each elytron, a red-brown to
black humeral quarter lighter in tone on the disc
and depression, an oblique brownish mark in the
apical quarter starting from the centre of each
elytron and extending rearwards onto the suture.
The colouration is darker in the region of denser
pilosity. Apex of elytra rectilinear or slightly concave
with a strong spine on each side. The internal one
being a continuation of the elytral suture. Legs
with femora longer than tibiae. Femora flattened,
clavate, with the inner face darkened. Tibiae
straight. Metafemora do not extend as far as
the apex of the elytra. Pilosity long, fine, sparse,
decumbent, white on the femora; white and erect
on the top of the tibiae; dense and yellow below.
Ventral face shiny, dark brown. Prosternum slightly
raised between the coxae, punctured and sparsely
covered with thin short setae. Procoxae prominent
with very narrow process. Mesosternum declivitous,
punctured, strongly emarginate at the apex process.
Metasternum finely punctured and sparsely covered
with a thin white tomentum. Abdomen covered with
thin white setae, more numerous on the sides than
in the centre. Last visible stern ite almost straight
with a short slight emargination in the middle.
Sexual dimorphism: Female body length 21.5
mm, humeral width 5.4 mm. Same colour as
the male. Antennae reach the apex of the elytra
without lateral lobes. Relative dimensions of
antennomeres are: 0.93-0.13-1.00-0.82-0.92-
0.89-0.85-0.86-0.97-1.06-1.39. Segments 3 to 10
toothed externally at the apex. Pronotum as long
as wide with sides regularly rounded and widest in
the middle. Elytra parallel, elongated, with the ratio
of length to humeral width 2.7. Last visible sternite
regularly rounded without emargination.
Differential diagnosis: A. sexpunctatus sp. nov.
is close to A. intricatus Blackburn, 1889. They both
have a similar elytral pattern and two clearly visible
spines at their apex. Flowever, A. sexpunctatus
sp. nov. has a pronotum with a very reduced gold
pilosity except for six typical setae tufts, whereas
A. intricatus Blackburn has a well-defined white
pilosity. The flabellae of A. sexpunctatus sp. nov.
extend to different points on the antennae, whereas
those of A. intricatus extend to the same point
except for the flabellum of antennomere 3.
Note: Slipihski & Escalona (2016) confuse this
new species (page 351, fig. 42A) and A. intricatus
(page 534, fig. 224FI), clearly because the obvious
shared characteristics, such as the shape of the
antennae, can overshadow other more discreet
anatomical details. The description of A. intricatus
by Blackburn (1889), which discusses the pilosity
of the pronotum, leaves no room for doubt as to
which species was intended, but the fact that to
date only a single species had been described from
Australia left considerable scope for error.
Aprosictus ternatensis sp. nov. (Plate 50 fig. 7)
Holotype 6' MNHN: Indonesia, North Maluku, with
2 labels: “Molucc. Ternate” and “Ex-Musaeo VAN
LANSBERGE” in coll. James Thomson.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. Named in
relation to the place of its capture, Ternate Island in
North Maluku Province.
Description: Male. Length = 28.7 mm, humeral
width = 7.4 mm. Body elongate. Flead, scapes,
pronotum and legs dark brown. Elytra and antennae
brown. Flead short, round, a little narrower than the
pronotum. Eyes coarsely faceted, encompassing
the majority of the head. The eyes are surrounded
above by a wide stripe of yellow gold setae abruptly
changing to fine setae below. This pilosity also
covers the majority of the antennal tubercles
except for the summit ridge. Vertex only punctured
near the neck, otherwise being a practically
smooth surface with only two or three setae.
Antennal tubercles protruding, contiguous and
very emarginate. The bottom of the interantennal
groove is not visible beneath the dense pilosity.
Frons punctured, totally covered with thin sparse
regular yellow pilosity. Gula punctured with a seta
in the hollow of each punctation; pilosity here is
very sparse. Gula moderately wide (ratio width
of the gula to width of the adjacent ocular lobe =
0.56). Antennae fine, extending beyond the apex
of the elytra. Scape short, globular over its entire
length, often blackened at the apex, very finely
punctured and regularly covered with a fine sparse
pilosity. Relative dimensions of the antennomeres
are: 2.38-0.36-1.00-0.97-1.08-1.11-1.19-1.33-
1.55-1.72-15.71. Pedicel small, particular in that
it is directly nested in the scape without visible
peduncle. Antennae regularly covered with a fine
short decumbent pilosity. Antennomeres 3 to 10
have a fine long feathery lobe in postero-external
position. Flabellum 3 extends beyond the middle
of the segment 11, flabellum 4 extends of the
length of the eleventh segment, the other flabellae
extend just beyond the extremity of the antennae.
Lower surface of the antennae and flabellae are
covered with fine erect regularly arranged bristles.
Pronotum slightly transverse. Front margin straight.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
posterior nnargin with a long shallow ennargination.
Sides of pronotunn widest at the nniddle, slightly
concave before the nniddle, straight and beconning
thinner thereafter. Ratio width of base to width
of apex before constriction = 1.3. Pronotunn
shiny, wrinkled on the top; the wrinkles begin in
the nnedian axis, go forward slantwise fronn each
side of this axis, giving the appearance of nested
chevrons directed towards the rear. Pronotunn
with three glabrous snnooth areas: a thin nnedian
line which stops short of the two nnargins and
two snnall protuberances fronn each side of the
nniddle of the base. The rest of the pronotunn is
covered by regular dense decunnbent yellow-gold
pilosity. Scutellunn declivitous with rounded tip,
covered with short dense yellow gold pilosity. Elytra
progressively narrowed to the apex which ends in
a spike or snnall spine (the only specinnen studied
has a spike differentiated into a spine on the left
elytron whereas the right elytron did not). The
lateral nnargin at the level of the apical curvature is
black and slightly raised, fornning a concavity at the
apex. Ratio width of the base to width before the
apical curvature of the elytra is 1.7. A snnall oblique
black line is situated in the nniddle of each elytron
but stops short of the edges. The front of the elytra
is densely and regularly punctured, frequency
decreases gradually towards the apex. The pilosity
is regular, short, recunnbent and sparse. Legs with
fennora blackened at the apex, clavate, laterally
flattened. Tibiae straight. Ventral surface densely
covered with a yellowish white tonnentunn which
is strongly nnarked on the nnetacoxae. Prosternunn
punctured, raised between the coxae with a
strong anterior bulge. Mesosternunn punctured
and strongly ennarginated U-shaped at the rear.
Metasternunn has an abrupt recess at the level
of its ennargination. Abdonnen with a narrow fifth
visible sternite obviously ennarginate.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Aprosictus ternatensis
sp. nov. is closely related to A. sangirensis sp. nov.
and can be distinguished fronn it by the ratio of the
length of the 11^^ segnnent of the antennae to the
length of antennonneres 7 to 10 connbined equal
to 2.71 (this ratio is 1.75 for A. sangirensis sp.
nov.); by the less raised and non-divergent elytral
extrennity so that the apical spike is in the axis of
the suture; by the ennarginated fifth visible sternite.
Key to males of Aprosictus Pascoe, 1866
1 Size longer than 18 nnnn . 2
- Size less than or equal to 18 nnnn (Australia) .
. A. exiguus sp. nov.
2 Each elytron with only one sutural spine, sometimes
tiny . 3
- Each elytron with two apical spines (Australia) . 11
3 Spine clearly visible despite pilosity . 4
- Spine not clearly visible under the pilosity . 5
4 Scutellum covered with yellow and whitish setae .... 6
- Scutellum only covered with yellow gold setae . 7
5 Middle of each elytron with a black spot . 8
- Middle of each elytron without black spot (New-
Guinea) . A. fuscus sp. nov.
6 Ratio: humeral width to apical width before the elytral
curvature upper than 1,5 (Lombok) .
. A. lombokensis sp. nov.
- Ratio: humeral width to apical width before the elytral
curvature lower than 1,5 (West Papua) .
. A. armellae sp. nov.
7 11^^ anten nomere as long as segments 3 to 9 com bined
(Sumatra) . A. acutipennis sp. nov.
- 11^^ antennomere longer than segments 3 to 9
combined . 10
8 Pedicel straight (Sulawesi) . 9
- Pedicel strongly a ngulated (Sumatra) .
. A. pedicel I us sp. nov.
9 Pilosity of the pronotum yellow gold; extremity of the
mesothoracic process feebly emarginate .
. A. glabrofasciatus sp. nov.
- Pilosity of the pronotum beige; extremity of the
mesothoracic process strongly emarginate .
. A. paloloensis sp. nov.
10 Antennomere 11 shorter than 2 to 10 combined
(Sulawesi) . 12
- Antennomere 11 longer than 2 to 10 combined ... 13
11 Pronotum with 6 spots of yellow gold pilosity .
. A. sexpunctatus sp. nov.
-Pronotum with sparse white regular pilosity .
. A. intricatus
12 Pronotum with very short, very sparse, gold pilosity .
. A. dilatoscapus sp. nov.
- Pronotum with a short, dense, yellow pilosity .
. A. duivenbodei
13 Segment 11 longer than twice 7 to 10 combined
(Ternate) . A. ternatensis sp. nov.
- Segment 11 shorter than twice 7 to 10 combined
(Sangir) . A. sangirensis sp. nov.
Conclusions
Very few Aprosictus have been collected
up until now, and nnany species are described fronn
just one or two specinnens discovered in recent
years: A. acutipennis sp. nov., A. armellae sp. nov.,
A. glabrofasciatus sp. nov., A. lombokensis sp.
344
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae), with description ...
(Plates 48-50)
nov., yA. paloloensis sp. nov., /A. pedicel I us sp. nov.,
A. sangirensis sp. nov. and 4. ternatensis sp. nov.
This situation suggests that the genus Aprosictus
is a recent group, the real distribution of which is
still unknown. It is probable that strong endennisnn
exists, as shown by the presence of distinct species
like A. lombokensis sp. nov., A. sangirensis sp.
nov. and A. ternatensis sp. nov. on snnall isolated
territories. This also applies to the lesser known
genus Duplipectus gen. nov. This innplies that
further discoveries on other Indonesian islands nnay
lead to possible rearrangennents within this group
of insects. For exannple, species like A. armellae
sp. nov. and A. lombokensis sp. nov., although very
distant geographically, are strongly sinnilar, in this
case showing strong pilosity and a slinrimer form; A.
sexpunctatus sp. nov., A. intricatus Blackburn and
A. exiguus sp. nov. seemingly evolved in Australia,
since all three possess very deeply punctured and
bidentate elytra with fairly comparable blotches
and flabellae without erect setae on the top; A.
dilatoscapus, A. duivenbodei, A. sangirensis, A.
acutipennis and A. ternatensis are all very close
in colouration and shape, with black apex and
Map 2. Distribution of Oriental and Papuan Aprosictus.
Legends: horizontal line - A. acutipennis sp. nov., right-directed triangle - A. armellae sp. nov., rhonnboids - A.
dilatoscapus sp. nov., squares - A. duivenbodei (Kaup, 1866), circles - A. fuscus sp. nov., vertical line - A. glabro-
fasciatus sp. nov., reversed triangle - A. lombokensis sp. nov., two vertical lines - A. paloloensis sp. nov., triangle
- A. pedicellus sp. nov., horizontal arrow - A. sangirensis sp. nov., oblique arrow - A. ternatensis sp. nov.
Map 3. Distribution of Australian Aprosictus.
Legends: circles - A. exiguus sp. nov., triangles - A. intricatus Blackburn, 1889, squares - A. sexpunctatus sp. nov.
345
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
toothed elytra; and finally /A. pedicellus sp. nov., A.
paloloensis sp. nov., A. glabrofasciatus sp. nov. and
A. fuscus sp. nov. fornn a last subgroup with elytra
lacking visible teeth.
The description of the fennales, once
greater nunnbers are discovered and available for
study would nnake it possible to recognise affinities
between species. Noteworthy differences between
fennales of A. sangirensis sp. nov., A. duivenbodei
(Kaup, 1866) and Aprosictus sp. ® on the one
hand and the fennale of A. sexpunctatus sp. nov.
on the other hand can be seen. A. sexpunctatus
sp. nov. differs fronn other fennales of the genus by
nnuch longer antennae that reach the extrennity of
the elytra and by an elytral apex provided with two
spines as in the nnale.
Isolation and independent evolution of
Australian species will certainly be clarified in the
conning years, possibly including their separation
into a distinct subgenus to take account of their
particular anatonnical features.
Acknowledgements
I would first like to thank Francesco Vitali
(Nationainnusee fir Naturgeschicht, Luxennbourg),
Eric Jiroux (Paris, France) and Alain Drunnont
(Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique,
Brussels) for their advice and encouragennent in
the developnnent of nny first article describing new
species.
I thank all the entonno legists who sent
nne study nnaterial, insects or photographs: Alain
Audureau (Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie, France), Larry
Bezark (Sacramento, California, U.S.A.), Gerard
Chemin (Champigny-sur-Marne, France), Dmitry
Telnov (The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga),
Andreas Weigel (Wernburg, Germany), Adam
Slipihski and Cate Lemann (both - ANIC) and very
warmly those who have given me magnificent
specimens: Len Flart (South Shields, United
Kingdom) for A. bilineatus and Benny De Groof
(Londerzeel, Belgium) for D. degroofi.
I thank the staff of the various institutions I
have contacted to obtain information on the genus
Aprosictus, especially Eric Matthews and Peter
Flutson (SAM), Johannes Bergsten (SMNFI), Flans
Fluijbregts (NBCN), Thierry Deuve and Azadeh
Taghavian (MNHN).
6 Unlabelled fennale seen in the Thonnson’s collection
(MNHN) nneasuring 35 nnnn long and 9 nnnn wide and
which could not be related to any described species. It is
probably new but its origin is unknown (Plate 50 fig. 8).
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of longicorn Coleoptera. - Notes from the Leyden
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Longhorns or Tinnber-Beetles (Cerannbycidae),
http://titan.gbif.fr/accueil_uk.htnnl [accessed: May
20, 2017].
Slipihski A., Escalona H.E. 2016. Australian Longhorn
Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Volume
2 Subfamily Cerambycinae. ABRS and CSIRO
Publishing, Canberra and Melbourne: 613 pp.
Vives E., Sudre J., Mille C., Cazeres S. 2011. Contribution
to the study of longhorns from New Caledonia,
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Wallace A.R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land
of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A
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Received: 15.04.2017.
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Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
348
Kalashian, M.: A new subgenus and three new species of Endelus Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) ...
(plate 51)
A new subgenus and three new species of Endelus
Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from
Indonesia and the Philippines, with a review of the
Endelus bakerl Kerremans, 1914 species group
Mark Yu. Kalashian
Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, P.
Sevak Street 7, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia; e-mail: mkalashianl@gmail.com
Abstract: Endelus {Papuadelus subgen. nov.) telnovi sp. nov. fronn West Papua (Indonesia), E. (s. str.) bellamyi sp.
nov. fronn Palawan (The Philippines), and E. (s. str.) pseudobelial sp. nov. fronn Luzon (The Philippines) are described
and illustrated; two latter species belong to E. (s. str.) baker! Kerremans, 1914 species-group established in this
paper. Lectotype of Endelus bakerl Kerremans, 1914 as well as lectotypes of E. chalybaeotinctus Obenberger, 1932
and E. Inaequallpennls Obenberger, 1937 also belonging to E. bakerl group are designated. A key to species of E.
bakerl group including also E. palawanensis Fisher, 1921 and E. bellal Obenberger, 1924 is provided.
Key words: Coleoptera: Buprestidae, Indonesia, West Papua, The Philippines, Endelus bakerl Kerremans, 1914
group nov., new subgenus & species.
Introduction
The present work is a part of comprehensive
study of the genus Endelus Deyrolle, 1864
(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) carried out by the author
during recent decades (Kalashian 1995, 1997,
1999a & b, 2007, 2011, 2013). It comprises the
descriptions of three new species from Indonesia
and the Philippines. Species from Indonesia (West
Papua) belong to a new subgenus. Another two
species belong to E. (s. str.) bakerl Kerremans,
1914 species-group, established and reviewed
below.
Abbreviations used in the text:
BMNH - The Natural History Museum, London, United
Kingdom;
CSCA - California State Collection of Arthropods,
Sacramento, U.S.A.;
MKCY - Collection M. Kalashian, Yerevan, Armenia;
NME - Naturkundemuseum Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany;
NMPC - Narodnf Muzeum v Praze, Prague, Czech
Republic;
USNM - National Museum of Natural History,
Washington, U.S.A.;
ZIN - Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,
St. Petersburg, Russia.
The labels are cited using the following
abbreviations: (h) - handwritten text, (p) - printed
text, ### - illegible portions of text. Some additional
comments or interpretations are included in square
brackets [ ] and the data of individual labels are
separated by slash mark ( / ).
Taxonomic part
Endelus subgenus Papuadelus subgen. nov.
Type species: Endelus {Papuadelus) telnovi sp.
nov., by present designation
Derivatio nominis: The subgeneric name is
derived from Papua - name of the island of origin,
and “delus” - terminal part of generic name
“Endelus".
Description: Body moderately elongate, bronzy
with reddish-coppery luster, elytral depressions
somewhere with bluish-green reflection, surface
microreticulated, with silky luster, this sculpture
slightly smoothed in elevated portions of pronotum
and elytra and ventrally. Head large, slightly
widened anteriorly, slightly narrower than anterior
margin of pronotum, surface with rough and rather
dense punctures. Frontovertex deeply arcuately
349
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
concave, oculofrontal nnargins obtusely rounded,
eyes convex, in dorsal aspect rather snnall, pointed
nearly directly forwards. Tennples nnuch longer than
eyes, angularly projecting behind thenn. Pron otu nn
widely irregularly flattened along sides and nnedially
of posterior angles, with single transverse elevation
near anterior 1/3, nnedially gibbous and divided by
shallow longitudinal depression into pair of snnall
tubercles. Scutellunn divided by distinct transverse
arch-shaped ledge into slightly convex anterior and
flattened posterior portions. Elytra slightly wider
than pronotunn, with distinct hunneral tubercles,
behind thenn surface of elytra abruptly falls to
lateral nnargins fornning narrow flattened slopes
reaching posteriorly nearly to apical 1/6 of elytra,
elytral disc uneven, with rather deep depressions
and distinct elevations.
Differential diagnosis: Most characteristic
feature of new subgenus is structure of head; in all
other Endelus species eyes in dorsal aspect pointed
nnainly to sides, nnore or less continuing tennples
which are nearly straight, weekly convex or sinuate;
punctuation of head in other Endelus is nnuch finer
than in newsubgenus. Scutellunn in other Enc/e/us is
without ledge, flattened or weekly convex. By deeply
concave frontovertex and uneven elytral surface
the new subgenus shows sonne resennblance
with subgenus Kubaniellus Kalashian, 1997 and
species-group E. (s. str.) baker! Kerrennans, 1914,
gr. nov., established and reviewed below but differs
by structure of pronotunn - in Kubaniellus species
pronotunn nnedially with pair of large and deep
transversely oval, rounded or irregular foveae, in
representatives of E. (s. str.) baker! group pronotal
disc with two distinct transversal elevations.
Endelus {Papuadelus) telnovi sp. nov. (Plate 51 fig.
1)
Holotype S NME: INDONESIA E, West Papua, Tannarau
mts., ~12 km NW Fet vilL, 00°46’05”S 132°19’06’E,
1050 m, 12-13.11.2012, primeval lower montane forest,
MV light, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nonninis: With nny gratitude and
respect I ann glad to dedicate the new species to
Dr. Dnnitry Telnov (The Entonnological Society of
Latvia, Riga), well known researcher of Coleoptera,
in particular of entonnofauna of Wallacea and New
Guinea, and collector of the new species.
Description: Body nnoderately elongate, 2.53
tinnes as long as wide, bronzy with reddish-copper
lustre, depressions of elytra sonnewhere with
irregular greenish-blue spots; ventral surface
dark bronzy with reddish reflection better visible
laterally. Surface nnicroreticulated, with silky
luster, this sculpture slightly snnoothed in elevated
portions of pronotunn and elytra and ventrally. Body
length 4.3 nnnn, width 1.7 nnnn. Head large, slightly
wider than anterior nnargin of pronotunn. Clypeus
deflected back, situated nearly horizontally,
nearly equilaterally triangular, deeply arcuately
ennarginated distally. Frons slightly widened
posteriorly, frontovertexdeeply arcuately depressed,
depression posteriorly not reaching anterior nnargin
of pronotunn. Frons posteriorly of clypeus keel¬
shaped, this keel does not reach inner nnargin of
eyes, behind it frons with deep transversal groove
and with deep rounded fovea nnedially. Oculofrontal
nnargins obtuse, rounded, eyes convex, in lateral
aspect narrowly renifornn, in dorsal aspect rather
snnall, pointed nearly directly to front. Tennples
nnush longer than eyes, angularly projecting behind
thenn, slightly converging posteriorly. Surface of
head with distinct punctures, slightly shallower and
sparser anteriorly, coarser and denser posteriorly.
Antennonneres 1 and 2 big, swollen, 3 snnall,
slightly elongate, very finely enlarged distally,
4 nearly equilateral, slightly enlarged distally,
antennonneres 5-11 strongly transversally serrate.
Pronotunn slightly wider than elytra, 1.95 tinnes as
wide as long, widest approxinnately near posterior
1/3, with sides converging nearly straight forward
and sinuately backwards to approxinnately straight
basal angles. Lateral nnargins very finely irregularly
serrate, bordered with thin edgingshortly continued
along anterior and posterior nnargins of pronotunn.
Anterior nnargin of pronotunn nnoderately bisinuate,
posterior nnargin strongly bisinuate, with wide
trapezoid nnedial lobe. Pronotunn widely irregularly
depressed along sides and nnedially of posterior
angles, near anterior 1/3 with transversal, nnedially
gibbous elevation, divided by shallow longitudinal
depression into pair of snnall tubercles, behind of
elevation pronotunn with pair of large, rather deep
irregular depressions. Surface with irregular, rather
distinct, sparse punctures snnoothed on transversal
elevation and in depressions behind it. Scutellunn
divided by distinct transversal arch-shaped ledge
into slightly convex anterior and flattened posterior
portions. Elytra approxinnately 1.8 tinnes as long
as wide, their sides subparallel along hunneral
tubercles, then sinuately, very slightly diverging to
posterior 2/5 where elytra are widest, then firstly
finely arcuately, then slightly sinuately narrowing to
separately rounded apices; sides of elytra very finely
irregularly serrate, apices with several fine teeth.
Elytra with very uneven sculpture, with distinct
hunneral tubercles, behind thenn surface of elytra
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Kalashian, M.: A new subgenus and three new species of Endelus Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) ...
(plate 51)
abruptly falls to lateral nnargins fornning narrow
flattened slopes reaching posteriorly nearly to apical
1/6 of elytra, elytral disc with strong longitudinal
gibbosities near scutellunn and with rather deep
irregular depressions medially of humeral tubercles
and near suture at anterior 1/3 and posterior 1/6,
and irregular poorly defined depressions medially of
lateral slopes approximately at the level of 1/2 and
posterior 1/3 of elytra. Elytral surface anteriorly with
few irregular transversal wrinkles and rather big
and rough irregular punctures smoothed medially
and posteriorly. Ventral surface laterally with
fine irregular arcuate wrinkles, prosternum and
central portions of metasternum and abdominal
ventrites with small superficial punctures, sculpture
smoothed backwards, on last abdominal ventrites
nearly invisible. Anal ventrite in male slightly
angularly arcuate distally. Male genitalia as in Fig.
1.
Sexual dimorphism: Not determined yet.
Differential diagnose: As in diagnose of the
subgenus.
Distribution: Indonesia: West Papua (Doberai
Peninsula).
Species group Endelus (s. str.) baker! Kerremans,
1914, gr. nov.
Body moderately elongated, bronzy-black or
dark bronzy with more or less pronounced reddish
or greenish-bluish cupreous reflection, sometimes
with pattern of irregular greenish or reddish
spots. Head large, widened anteriorly, wider or
subequal in width to anterior margin of pronotum,
frontovertex deeply concave, eyes large, rather
convex, oculofrontal margins obtuse. Temples
nearly straight or finely sinuate, shorter than or,
rarely, subequal in length to eyes. Pronotum widely
cordiform, disc with two transversal elevations.
Elytra with distinct humeral tubercles, behind
them surface of elytra abruptly falls to lateral
margins forming narrow flattened slopes reaching
posteriorly to level of widest part of elytra, elytral
disc uneven with rather deep depressions and
distinct elevations.
The representatives of this group can be
distinguished by deeply concave frontovertex
and especially by strongly uneven elytral surface.
From subgenera Papuadelus subgen. nov. and
Kubaniellus Kalashian, 1997 having similar
elytral structure, the species of this group differ
by the structure of pronotum which in Kubaniellus
medially bears pair of large and deep transversely
oval, rounded or irregular foveae, in Papuadelus
with single transversal elevation near anterior 1/3;
besides, the latter subgenus differs by particular
structure of eyes and temples (see above).
Endelus (s. str.) bellamyl sp. nov. (Plate 51 fig. 7)
Holotype 6' CSCA: [PHILIPPINES] Puerto Princess,
PALAWAN Is., sea level, 2nd growth forest, 111.15.47 /
CNHM Philippine Zool. Exped. (1946-47), F.G. Werner
leg.
Allotype $ USNM: same data as in holotype.
Pa retypes 5 specimens: 16' MKCY: same data as
in holotype; 3S CSCA & 1$ MKCY: same data as in
holotype but 111.20.47.
Derivatio nominis:The new species is dedicated
to the blessed memory of Dr. Charles (Chuck)
Bellamy, who has made great contribution to our
knowledge of Buprestidae.
Description: Body moderately elongate, 2.34-
2.45 times as long as wide, bronzy-black with
very fine copper lustre, frons in male with golden-
greenish, in female with very fine reddish reflection,
ventral surface and legs with indistinct violet
reflection. Surface without microreticulation, shiny.
Body length 3.5-4.05 mm, width 1.45-1.7 mm.
Head large, subequal in width to anterior margin
of pronotum. Clypeus deflected back, situated
nearly horizontally, transversely triangular, slightly
arcuately concave distally. Frons slightly widened
posteriorly, frontovertex triangularly concave,
concavity posteriorly not reaching anterior
margin of pronotum. Postclypeal fovea slightly
transversal, large and deep, continued backwards
by shallow longitudinal medial groove reaching
anterior margin of pronotum, medially with deep
rounded fovea. Oculofrontal margins obtuse,
rounded, eyes moderately convex, not projecting
beyond head outline, in lateral aspect reniform.
Temples distinctly shorter than eyes, slightly
sinuately diverging from base to posterior margin
of eyes. Surface of head with rather large, shallow
punctures which are smaller and sparser anteriorly.
Antennomeres 1 and 2 big, swollen, 3 and 4 small,
slightly elongate, very finely enlarged distally, 5
nearly equilateral, antennomeres 6-11 strongly
transversally serrate. Pronotum moderately
narrower than elytra, 2.04-2.14 times as wide as
long, widely cordiform, widest between mid-length
and anterior 1/3, sides inconspicuously irregularly
serrate, in anterior 2/3 nearly regularly arcuate,
abruptly and sinuately narrowed from anterior 1/3
to nearly rectangular basal angles, anterior margin
slightly bisinuate, posterior margin bisinuate with
wide trapezoidal medial lobe, posterior angles
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
sharp. Lateral nnargins very finely irregularly
serrate, bordered with thin edging continued
along anterior and posterior nnargins of pronotunn.
Pronotunn irregularly depressed laterally and along
posterior nnargin, disc convex, with two strong
transversal elevations, anterior one shorter, with
obtuse edge, posterior elevation longer, with sharp
edge, sonnetinnes with snnall nnedial depression.
Surface covered with large, very flat and indistinct
punctures, nearly nnissing on convex portions
of pronotunn. Scutellunn rather big, triangular,
slightly convex. Elytra 1.70-1.80 tinnes as long
as wide, with sides slightly diverging near hunneri,
then sinuately slightly diverging to posterior 2/5
where elytra are widest, then first finely convexly,
then slightly sinuately narrowing to separately
angularly rounded apices; sides of elytra very finely
irregularly serrate, apices with several fine teeth.
Elytra with uneven structure, with distinct hunneral
tubercles, behind thenn surface of elytra abruptly
falls to lateral nnargins fornning narrow flattened
slopes reaching posteriorly nearly to apical 1/4-
1/5 of elytra, elytral disc with distinct longitudinal
gibbosities near scutellunn and with rather deep
irregular depressions nnedially of hunneral tubercles
and near suture at anterior 2/5 and posterior
1/6, and irregular less pronounced depressions
nnedially of lateral slopes approxinnately at the level
of 1/2 and posterior 1/3 of elytral length. Surface
of elytra with rather coarse punctures and irregular
transversal wrinkles, sonnewhat snnoothed on
convex portions of elytra and posteriorly. Ventral
surface with indistinct sculpture, sternunn and
lateral portions of abdominal ventrites with very
fine irregular wrinkles, central part of abdomen
with traces of small punctures, posteriorly nearly
missing. Anal ventrite slightly irregularly arcuate
distally. Male genitalia as in Fig. 5.
Sexual dimorphism: Besides coloration of frons
sexual dimorphism is very slightly pronounced in
the structure of anal ventrite which distally slightly
wider in male than in female.
Differential diagnosis: see key below.
Distribution: The Philippines: Palawan.
Endelus (s. str.) pseudobelial sp. nov. (Plate 51 fig.
6)
Holotype S NMPC: Ost (h) Philippinen, Luzon (p)
Kasiguran [Casiguran]. S. Boetcher, 9. 1915 (h).
Allotype $ ZIN: sanne data as in holotype, but with
additional labels: Typus (p, red paper) / Endelus belial
m. Type (h) Det. Dr Obenberger.
Pa retypes 5 specinnens: 2S & 1$ NMPC, IS MKCY:
sanne data as in holotype; 16' NMPC: Philippinen, Luzon
(p) Los Banos (h). S. Boetcher, 18 ## 14 (h).
Derivatio nominis: The species name is formed
from specific epithet of E belial Obenberger, 1924
and “pseudo-” (false) to stress similarity of both
species.
Description: Body moderately elongate, 2.4-2.55
times as long as wide, bronzy-black, sometimes
with reddish reflection more visible in head and
pronotum, or with irregular reddish or greenish
cupreous spots, frons in male with fine greenish
luster, in female with indistinct reddish reflection.
Surface without microreticulation, shiny. Body
length 3. 8-4.1 mm, width 1.55 -1.7 mm.
Head large, slightly wider than anterior margin
of pronotum. Clypeus deflected back, situated
nearly horizontally, nearly equilaterally triangular,
moderately arcuately emarginate distally. Frons
slightly widened posteriorly, frontovertex deeply
triangularly concave, concavity posteriorly not
reaching anterior margin of pronotum. Postclypeal
fovea slightly transversal, large and deep, continued
backwards by shallow longitudinal medial groove
reachinganterior margin of pronotum, medially with
deep rounded fovea. Oculofrontal margins nearly
rectangular, eyes rather convex, not projecting
beyond head outline, in lateral aspect reniform.
Temples subequal in length to eyes, slightly
sinuately diverging from base to posterior margin
of eyes. Surface of head covered with large shallow
punctures smoothed anteriorly. Antennomeres 1
and 2 big, swollen, 3 and 4 small, slightly elongate,
very finely enlarged distally, 5 nearly equilateral,
slightly enlarged distally, antennomeres 6-11
strongly transversal ly serrate. Pronotum distinctly
narrower than elytra, 1.95-2.0 times as wide as
long, widely cordiform, widest near anterior 1/3,
sides inconspicuously irregularly serrate, in anterior
2/3 nearly regularly arcuate, sinuate before
posterior angles, anterior margin slightly bisinuate,
posterior margin bisinuate with wide trapezoidal
medial lobe, posterior angles nearly rectangular.
Lateral margins very finely irregularly serrate,
bordered with thin edging continued along anterior
and posterior margins of pronotum. Pronotum
irregularly depressed laterally and along posterior
margin, disc convex, with two strong transversal
elevations, anterior one shorter, with obtuse
edge, posterior elevation longer, with sharp edge,
sometimes with small medial depression. Surface
covered with large very flat and indistinct punctures,
somewhere fused into irregular wrinkles, sculpture
nearly missing on convex portions of pronotum.
Scutellum rather big, triangular, nearly flat or slightly
Kalashian, M.: A new subgenus and three new species of Endelus Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) ...
(plate 51)
Figures 1-6. Endelus spp., nnale genitalia. 1 - E {Papuadelus subgen. nov.) telnovi sp. nov. (holotype NME); 2 - E
(s. str.) belial Obenberger, 1924 (topotype MKCY); 3 - E (s. str.) pseudobelial sp. nov. (paratype MKCY); 4 - E (s.
str.) palawanensis Fisher, 1921 (holotype USNM); 5 - E (s. str.) bellamyi sp. nov. (paratype MKCY); 6 - E (s. str.)
chalybaeotinctus Obenberger, 1932 (lectotype NMPC) [scale bar 0.5 nnnn].
353
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
depressed anteriorly. Elytra 1.75-1.85 tinnes as
long as wide, with sides slightly diverging near
hunneri, then sinuately slightly divergingto posterior
2/5 where elytra are widest, then nearly straight
or very slightly sinuately narrowing to separately
narrowly angularly rounded apices; sides of elytra
very finely irregularly serrate, apices with several
fine teeth. Elytra with uneven sculpture, with
distinct hunneral tubercles, behind thenn surface
of elytra abruptly falls to lateral margins forming
narrow flattened slopes reaching posteriorly nearly
to apical 2/5 of elytra, elytral disc with strong
slightly longitudinal gibbosities near scutellum
and with rather deep irregular depressions
medially of humeral tubercles and near suture at
anterior 2/5 and posterior 1/6, and irregular less
pronounced depressions medially of lateral slopes
approximately at the level of 1/2 and posterior 1/3
of elytra. Surface of elytra with moderately deep
small punctures and irregular indistinct transversal
wrinkles, somewhat smoothed on convex portions
of elytra and posteriorly. Ventral surface with
indistinct structure, sternum and lateral portions
of abdominal ventrites with very fine irregular
wrinkles, central part of abdomen with traces of
small punctures, posteriorly nearly invisible. Anal
ventrite slightly irregularly arcuate distally. Male
genitalia as in Fig. 3.
Sexual dimorphism: Besides coloration of frons
sexual dimorphism is very slightly pronounced
in the structure of anal ventrite which is distally
slightly wider in male than in female.
Differential diagnosis: see key below.
Distribution: The Philippines: Luzon.
Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature of Endelus
Endelus (s. str.) belial Obenberger, 1924 (Plate 51
fig. 5)
Lectotype $ USNM: [Philippines: Luzon] Los Banos,
P.l. Baker (p)/ Typus (p, red paper) / 13790 (h) / Endelus
belial m. Type (h) Det. Dr Obenberger (p) / Type No.
(p) 57725 (h) U.S.N.M. (p, red paper) / Endelus belial
Obenb. (h, red paper) / LECTOTYPE (p) Endelus belial
Obenb. f* (h) C.L. BELLAMY (p) (red paper).
Para lectotype BMNH, [PHILIPPINES] Los Banos P.l.
Baker (p) / Belial Obenb. Baker (h) /1029.31 (h) / belial
Obb. (h) PARATYPE (p, red) / NHMUK010584128 [bar
code sign] (p).
Additional material: 16' MKCY: [PHILIPPINES] Los
Banos P.l. Baker (p); 1$ CSCA: [PHILIPPINES] Tigbao,
Leyte, P. L, 17.5.58 ### (h).
References: Obenberger, 1924: 629; Thery,
1926: 37, E. bakeri Kerremans, syn.; Thery, 1932:
19, resurrected; Bellamy & Nelson, 1990: 294,
lectotype designation.
Distribution: The Philippines: Luzon; new record
for Leyte Island.
Notes: Described after unknown number of
specimens from “PHILIPPINES: Los Banos
{Baker)”. Due to kindness of Dr. A. Konstantinov
and L. Tishechkin I have had the possibility
to study photograph of lectotype deposited in
USNM and designated by Bellamy and Nelson
(1990). Besides, paralectotype from BMNH was
studied; this specimen, most probably, provided
by Obenberger himself to Thery who labelled it
as “paratype”. On the other hand, Bellamy and
Nelson (/. c.) mentioned one specimen from NMPC
as paralectotype (without its study). Study of this
specimen showed that it is labelled “[PHILIPPINES]
Surigao Mindanao Baker (p)/ 1997 (h) / Typus
(p, red paper) / Endelus belial m. Type (h) Det. Dr
Obenberger”; though it is designated by Obenberger
as type, this specimen originated from another
locality and it is not belonging to a type series
indicated in original description. Moreover, it is not
conspecific with types of E. belial and belongs to
another undescribed species; its description needs
additional material.
Endelus (s. str.) chalybaeotinctus Obenberger,
1932 (Plate 51 fig. 3)
Lectotype S NMPC, herewith designated: [INDONESIA]
Java (h) / Endelus chalybaeotinctus m. Type (h) Det.
Dr Obenberger; Paralectotype, NMPC, [Indonesia] F.C.
Drescher, Licider Geb, t. Z. v. Babakan, Java. 8.1915 (h)
/ Typus (p, red paper) / Endelus chalybaeotinctus m.
Type (h) Det. Dr Obenberger.
References: Obenberger, 1932: 198.
Distribution: Indonesia: Java Island.
Note. Described after unknown number of
specimens; I designated as a lectotype a male
specimen from two specimens deposited in NMPC.
Endelus (s. str.) Inaequallpennls Obenberger,
1937 (Plate 51 fig. 2)
Lectotype $ NMPC, herewith designated:
[INDONESIA] Java or. (h)/ Typus (p, red paper) / Endelus
inaequalipennis m. Type (h) Det. Dr Obenberger.
References: Obenberger, 1937: 22.
Distribution: Indonesia: Java Island.
Note: Described after unknown number of
specimens, thus I designated as a lectotype a
single specimen from NMPC.
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Kalashian, M.: A new subgenus and three new species of Endelus Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) ...
(plate 51)
Endelus (s. str.) palawanensis Fisher, 1921 (Plate
51 fig. 8)
Holotype 6' USNM: [PHILIPPINES] p. Princess, Palawan,
Baker (p) / 8331 (h) / Type No. (p) 51528 (h) U.S.N.M.
(p, red paper) / Endelus palawanae [sic!] Fisher (h, red
paper).
Additional material: 1$ MKCY: [PHILIPPINES]
Sorsogon, Luzon (h)/ C.F. Baker collection, 1927 (p);
1$ NMPC: [PHILIPPINES] Tacloban, Leyte I., p.s., March,
1945 (h)/ on fern, J. Heifer col.
References: Fisher, 1921: 444.
Distribution: Philippines: Palawan Island; new
record for Luzon and Leyte islands.
Endelus (s. str.) baker! Kerremans, 1914 (Plate 51
fig. 4)
Lectotype $ NMPC, herewith designated:
[PHILIPPINES] Los Banos P.l. Baker (p) / Typus (p, red
paper) / Bakeri Kerr. Type (h) / Endelus bakeri Kerr, (h)
det. Sv. Bily (p).
References: Kerrennans, 1914: 88.
Distribution: Philippines: Luzon.
Note: Bellanny (2008) mentioned BMNH as type
depositary basing on single specimen deposited
there. The same specimen was used byThery(1932)
for brief description of the species in his review of
Endelus. But study of this specimen showed that
it is labelled “[PHILIPPINES], Mt. Makiling, Luzon,
Baker (p) / Endelus bakeri Kerr, co-type (h)” which
does not correspond to type locality mentioned
by Kerremans (1914) as “Los Banos”; though Mt.
Makiling is situated quite near Los Banos city but
Kerremans in his work evidently distinguished
both localities. Thus we designated as lectotype
the specimen from NMPC which completely fit
to description, originated from type locality and
bearing standard Kerremans’ type label. Specimen
from BMNH belongs to another undescribed
species; its description needs additional material.
Key to the species of Endelus (s. str.) bakeri
Kerremans species group
1 Pronotum wider, more than 1.9 times as wide as long.
Elytra I sides nearly straight or weakly sinuate before
rather narrowly irregularly rounded apices . 2
- Pronotum narrower, about 1.8 times as wide as long.
Elytral sides distinctly sinuate before rather widely
rounded apices. Body 4.35-4.55 mm. Male genitalia as
in Fig. 2. The Philippines (Luzon) .
. E. belial Obenberger, 1924 (Plate 51 fig. 5)
2 Body wider, no more than 2.45 as long as wide . 3
- Body slender, 2.55 times as long as wide. Body 4 mm.
The Philippines (Luzon) .
. E. bakeri Kerremans, 1914 (Plate 51 fig. 4)
3 Dorsal surface more distinctly microreticulated, with
silky lustre, bronzy with more or less distinct copper-
greenish or copper-red pattern. Species from the Greater
Sunda Islands (Java) . 4
Dorsal surface shiny, with microreticulation
nearly indistinct, bronzy black, sometimes with very
indistinct traces of cupreous pattern. Species from the
Philippines . 5
4 Pronotum wider, 2.2 times as wide as long. Eyes more
convex, pointed somewhat forwards. Elytral copper
pattern more distinct. Body 3.7-4 mm. Male genitalia as
in Fig. 6 .
. E. chalybaeotinctus Obenberger, 1932 (Plate 51 fig. 3)
- Pronotum narrower, 1.95 times as wide as long. Eyes
less convex, pointed more sideward. Elytral copper
pattern less pronounced. Body 4.1 mm .
. E. inaequalipennis Obenberger, 1937(Plate 51 fig. 2)
5 Head bigger, slightly wider than anterior margin of
pronotum, frontal depression deeper, eyes less convex,
subequal in length with temples. Body 3. 8-4.1 mm.
Male genitalia as in Fig. 3. The Philippines (Luzon) .
. E. pseudobelial sp. nov. (Plate 51 fig. 6)
- Head smaller, subequal in width to anterior margin of
pronotu m , f ronta I depression less pronou need , eyes more
convex, distinctly longer than temples . 6
6 Pronotum narrower, 1.9 times as wide as long, with
sides weaker and less sinuately narrowed from anterior
1/3 to somewhat obtuse basal angles. Eyes more convex.
Body 3.7 mm. Male genitalia as in Fig. 4. The Philippines
(Palawan, Luzon, Leyte) .
. E. palawanensis Fisher, 1921 (Plate 51 fig. 8)
- Pronotum wider, 2.05-2.15 times as wide as long,
with sides more abruptly and sinuately narrowed
from anterior 1/3 to nearly rectangular basal angles.
Eyes less convex. Body 3.5-4.05 mm. Male genitalia
as in Fig. 5. The Philippines (Palawan) .
. E. bellamyi sp. nov. (Plate 51 fig. 7)
Acknowledgements
The author would like to express his deepest
gratitude to Maxwell V.L. Barclay (BMNH), Svatopluk
Bfly, Vftezsiav Kuban and Jifi Hayek (NMPC), Mark
G. Volkovitsh (ZIN) for their hospitality during nny
visits to their beautiful countries and for giving
me the opportunity to study the specimens
from collections of their institutions and private
collections, and to Steven Lingafelter (USNM) for
the loan of materials for study. The author is grateful
also to persons who provided photographs for this
study, either included here or used for comparison
- Lubos Dembicky (Moravske Zemske Muzeum,
Brno, Czech Republic), Eduard Jendek (Bratislava,
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Slovakia), Alexander Konstantinov (USNM), Keita
Matsunnoto (BMNH), Alexey Tishechkin (Louisiana
State Arthropod Museunn, Baton Rouge, U.S.A.),
and to Artyonn Saribekyan (Yerevan, Armenia).
Special thanks to Dmitry Telnov (The Entomological
Society of Latvia, Riga), for his continuous help in
publication of materials on the entomofauna of
Wallacea and New Guinea, for his patience in the
work with authors, and, in particular, for providing
me with type of the new species. With my gratitude
and respect I am remembering late Charles (Chuck)
Bellamy who provided me with his materials on
Endelus, partly used in this study.
References
Bellamy C.L. 2008. A World Catalogue and Bibliography
of the Jewel Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestoldea).
Volume 4: Agrillnae: Agrillna through Trachyinl.
Pensoft Series Faunistica No 79. Pensoft
Publishers, Sofia-Moscow: 1932-2684.
Bellamy C.L, Nelson G.H. 1990. Lectotype designations
in the Buprestidae collections of the National
Museum of Natural History (Coleoptera). - Insecta
mundl 3, No 4 (1989): 289-297.
Fisher W. S. 1921. New Coleoptera from the Philippine
Islands. Family Buprestidae, tribe Agrilini. -
Philippine Journal of Science, 18, No. 4: 349-447.
Kalashian M.Yu. 1995. Material on thefauna of buprestid
beetles (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) of Vietnam.
III. New species of the genus Endelus Deyrolle
from Vietnam and China. - Entomologicheskoe
obozrenie 74, No 2: 376-382 [in Russian, English
abstract].
Kalashian M.Yu. 1997. New subgenus of Endelus
(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with description of three
new species from Vietnam and China. - Folia
Heyrovskyana 5, No 2: 73-81.
Kalashian M.Yu. 1999a. New species of buprestid genus
Endelus Deyrolle (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from
Southeast Asia. - Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie
78, No 3: 629-635 [in Russian, English abstract].
Kalashian M.Yu. 1999b. New species of Aphanisticus
and Endelus (Coleoptera : Buprestidae) from South-
East Asia. - Folia heyrovskyana 7, No 5, 293-300.
Kalashian M.Yu. 2007. New species of buprestid genus
Endelus Deyrolle (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from
China, India and Laos. - Entomologicheskoe
Obozrenie 86, No 3: 655-664 [in Russian, English
abstract].
Kalashian M.Yu. 2011. New species of Endelus
Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from
Sulawesi, Indonesia: 83-87, pi. 16. In: Telnov
D. (ed.). Biodiversity Biogeography and Nature
Conservation In Wallacea and New Guinea. Volume
1. The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga: 434
pp + 92 pis.
Kalashian M.Yu. 2013. Two new species of the genus
Endelus Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
from Malaysia and the Philippines with notes on
the synonymy of some species of the subgenus
Endelus s. str. - Caucasian Entomological Bulletin
9, No 1: 83-88 [in Russian, English abstract].
Kerremans C. 1914. Buprestides recueillis aux Ties
Philippines parC.F. Baker, I. - Philippine Journal of
Science 9: 83-91.
Obenberger J. 1924. A study of the Buprestidae,
collected by Charles Fuller Baker in Singapore,
Borneo and the Philippine Islands. - Philippine
Journal of Science 25, No 5: 539-660.
Obenberger J. 1932. Sechs neue Encfe/us-Arten (Col.,
Bupr.). - Folia zoologica et hydroblologica 4, No 2:
196-200.
Obenberger J. 1937. De novis generis Endelus H. Deyr,
speciebus tribus (Col. Bupr.). Th nove druhy rodu
Endelus H. Deyr. (Col. Bupr.). - Acta entomologica
musael natlonalls pragae 15: 21-22.
Thery A. 1926. Recherches synonymiques sur les
Buprestides et descriptions d'especes nouvelles. -
Bulletin etAnnales de la Soclete Entomologique de
Belgique 66: 33-74.
Thery A. 1932. Contribution a I’etude des especes du
genre Endelus H. Deyr. (Coleopt. Buprestidae). -
Novltates entomologicae 2: 1-23.
Received: 14.02.2017.
356
Kalnins, M.: Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (Odonata: Argiolestidae) from New Guinea
(plates 52-55)
Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (Odonata: Argiolestidae)
from New Guinea
Martins Kalnins
f f
The Entomological Society of Latvia, Dzervenu iela 9-12, LV-2150, Sigulda, Latvia; e-mail: martins.
kalnins@biology.lv
Abstract: A new species of Arg/o/estes is described: Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (type locality: Indonesia, West New
Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Ayamaru village 23 km SE, Aqafu springs, deposited LING). Ecological notes on habitat
(forest brooks) of type locality are given.
Keywords: Odonata, damselfly, Zygoptera, Megapodagrionidae, Argiolestidae, Arg/o/estes, taxonomy. New Guinea.
Introduction
Quite recently the former subfamily Argioles-
tinae of family Megapodagrionidae was raised to
family level (Kalkman & Theischinger 2013). The
genus Argiolestes Selys, 1862 currently includes
12 species, found on New Guinea and adjacent is¬
lands, the North Moluccas and on Sulawesi. Most
species seem to have small ranges and none is
known from more than five records (Kalkman &
Theischinger 2013; Kalnins 2014). The type spe¬
cies of Argiolestes is A. australis (Guerin-Meneville,
1830).
In this article a new species of Argiolestes is
described, also concise ecological notes are given.
Materials and methods
Specimens described below were collected
using an insect net during hiking in a narrow (ca
10 m broad at the bottom) shady and wet ravine in
primary lowland rainforest at Aqafu springs (West
New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Ayamaru village
23 km SE). The ravine was about 25 m deep at the
place where small spring came out from vertical
limestone rock forming the wall of the ravine. The
stream was almost dry with water dropping from
the cliff to the cavities (pools) in the rock. These
cavities were about 10 cm diameter and ca 5 cm
deep, with no vegetation and no damselfly larvae
in them. The water continued overflowing from cavi¬
ties to the bed of ravine mixing with very moist soil
and not forming a course of stream. 10-20 m lower
from the spring water accumulated again in small
cavities on large pieces of limestone rocks partially
forming the bed of the ravine. All visually observed
or disturbed specimens were collected. Inspections
were made during daytime (from 14:00 to 15:30
o’clock) in sunny weather, with temperature in for¬
est shadow +25-30°C. Humidity was not specially
measured, but in the ravine it was pronounced wet¬
ter than outside of ravine.
For detailed comparison of characters, a speci¬
men of A. australis was studied as well. The stud¬
ied specimen of A. australis was collected in INDO¬
NESIA E, 16.02.2012. Raja Ampat, Waigeo Island,
Waisai 10-13 km NE, 00°2ri7”S, 130°54’37”E,
~70 m; primary lowland rainforest on limestone,
creek, leg. Dmitry Telnov. The small creek came out
from almost vertical limestone rock and was form¬
ing a relatively wide, open streambed. The stream
stretch was ca 20-30 meters long (between the
rock and forest edge / mangroves). The damselflies
were flying over and along the stream on the sunny
place.
All specimens were preserved in 70 % ethanol.
They were studied using a Leica S6D stereomicro¬
scope. Specimen photographs in the laboratory -
using a Canon EOS 450D SLR camera attached
to the microscope, and CombineZP software was
used for image stacking. Holotype and paratypes
of the new species are currently deposited in the
Latvian Invertebrate collection (LINO) in Sigulda,
Latvia. All label data are reproduced exactly, with
no corrections or additions. All labels are printed
on orange paper.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Abbreviations used in the text:
LINC - Latvian Invertebrate collection (author’s collec¬
tion), Sigulda, Latvia;
Fw - forewings;
Hw - hindwings;
S - abdonninal segnnent(s).
Taxonomic part
Unique characteristics within Argiolestidae
The nnales of the genus Arg/o/estes, previously
considered as Argiolestes s. str. (Kalknnan et al.
2010), have several well nnarked characters differ¬
ent fronn other species of Argiolestidae (Kalknnan &
Theischinger 2013; Kalnins 2014):
1. the two apical lobes of the genital ligula are at
least four tinnes as long as broad;
2. part of SIO and cerci are pale (whitish or blue in
life) contrasting with darker S9 (clearly visible in the
field). This is only visible in fully nnature specinnens
and is nnore easily seen in alive individuals;
3. base of cercus possesses a basal flange in all
species except A. celebensis Kalknnan, 2007 and
A. tuberculiferus Michalski et Oppel, 2010 (Kalk¬
nnan 2007; Michalski & Oppel 2010).
Description of new species
Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (Figs 1-8, 11, plates
52-54)
httD://zoobank.org/82FC7F2D-8B68-4548-8C90-
1EC6EB3B6788
Holotype 6' LINC: INDONESIA E, 04.09.2015. West
New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Ayannaru village 23 knn
SE, Aqafu springs, 01°23’15”S, 132°22’04”E, ~330-
340 nn; prinnary lowland rainforest on linnestone, spring
Leg. Dnnitry Telnov.
Pa retypes 36' LINC: sanne label as in holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. This species is
panned after nny teacher in invertebrate zoology and
charisnnatic person assoc, prof. Dr. biol. Voldennars
Spungis (Latvian University, Riga), who supported
nne in science since 1992.
The description below is based on the nnale ho¬
lotype (Plate 52 figs 1 & 5), except measurennents,
where paratypes (Plate 52 figs 2-4) were used as
well. The specinnen is relatively well preserved,
however the tip of the abdonnen (S7-S10 and ap¬
pendages) are broken off, but all parts are in one
tube. Tip of abdonnen (S7-S10 and appendages) is
broken by paratypic specinnen No 1; two legs are
missing in this specimen. Tip of abdomen (S8-S10
and appendages) are broken in paratypic specimen
No 2; one leg is missing in this specimen. Tip of
abdomen (S8-S10 and appendages) and three legs
are broken in paratypic specimen No 3; two legs
are missing in this specimen. The genital ligula was
broken and missing during the photography pro¬
cess. In tube of Paratype No 3. four separate legs
were put but I was unable to identify from which
paratype they originate. Information on colour pat¬
tern is based partly from preserved specimens,
who lost the light blue colour on thorax, abdomen
and on the face. The paratype specimens corre¬
spond very closely to the holotype and confirm the
information given on colouration.
Measurements (mm): Total body length 41-42,
abdomen (Sl-SlO, without appendages) 32, Fw
26-27; Pt in Fw 1.9 (costal length), 2.4 (greatest
length); Pt in Hw 2.0 (costal length), 2.5 (greatest
length).
Head: Labium pale brown with the anterior third
shiny dark brown to black. Front of face, including
labrum, mandibles, side margins of postclypeus
brown (preserved specimen!); anteclypeus dark,
and lower posterior corner of genae dull black. The
brown colour extends along the margin of the eye;
remainder of head including antennae dull black
(Plate 53 fig. 1).
Thorax: Prothorax dark brown laterally, but pale
with dark brown rings dorsally (Figs 1-4). Shape of
anterior and posterior lobe as shown in Figs 5-8,
slightly variable between individuals. Ground co¬
lour of synthorax is black with a clear pattern as
shown in Plate 53 figs 2-3; pattern grayish-brown in
the studied specimen. Coxae and trochanters pale
brown, femora pale brown, but black at the knees
and with a black stripe laterally. Inner side of femo¬
ra not flattened. Tibiae getting darker from femora
to tarsi; tarsi dark brown to black; spines black. The
femora of the first, the second and the third pair of
legs with respectively 6-8, 7-8, and 10-11 spines
on outer side. Tibiae of first pair of legs with 12-
13 spines on outer side. Tibiae of second and third
pair of legs with 10-13 and 10-12 spines on outer
side respectively.
Wings: Fwand Hw hyaline. Venation black. Fwand
Hw of equal length and all with 2 Ax. Fw with 22-
25 Px; Hw with 22-23 Px. Arculus slightly distal to
level of Ax2; discoidal cell in Fw very long, costal
side ca 1.5 times as long as distal side, most acute
angle ca 40°. Ac closer to Axl than to Ax2. Three
cells between discoidal cell and subnodus. Pt - dark
358
Kalnins, M.: Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (Odonata: Argiolestidae) from New Guinea
(plates 52-55)
brown. 1-3 cells beyond Pt divided. Up to three rows
of cells between anal vein and hind margin of Hw.
Fields between IR2 and R3, between R3 and IR3,
and between IR3 and R4 containing each three or
more rows of cells distally (Plate 52 figs 1-4).
Abdomen: SI and S2 dark brown with ventral half
and spots on sides and dorsal part pale brown,
S3-S8 dark brown with white marks on sides and
ventral part on the anterior fifth. S9 (and some
specimens also S8) is dark brown. As can be seen
on Plate 54 figs 1-4, almost all of SIO was white
(except thin black line in anterior part) when the
specimen was alive and this would probably be vis¬
ible in better-preserved specimens. Hind margin
of SIO without spines and slightly depressed in
the middle. Epiproct is upturned and prominent in
dorsal view. Shape of superior appendages shown
on the Plate 54 figs 1-8 with basal flange slightly
variable between individuals. Both superior and in¬
ferior appendages are white; inferiors ca 1/3 the
length of superiors. As can be seen in Plate 54 figs
5-8, the inferior appendages have conical tips and
show slight variability between individuals. Basal
flange of superior appendages almost 1/2 their
length. Lower apical flange of superior appendages
are moderately expanded and simple. Upper flange
are far less prominent and visible mainly due to a
row of black blunt denticles. The apical part of the
lower apical flange is divided from the apex of the
appendages by a moderate incision. Outer border
of superior appendages bears two to three mod¬
erately large and one or two small spines. Genital
ligula as shown in Fig. 11, with two very long and
slender lateral horns.
The following photos showing characters of the
A. australis (Guerin-Meneville, 1830) are given for
comparison: head (Plate 53 fig. 4), thorax (Plate
53 fig. 5), prothorax (Figs 9-10), male accessory
genitalia (Fig. 12) and tip of abdomen (Plate 54 figs
9-10) as well.
Differential diagnosis: Males of Argiolestes
spungisi sp. nov. have short inferior appendages
which are less than half (ca 1/3) the length of supe¬
rior appendages. This character is only shared with
A. australis, A. celebensis, A. tuberculiferus and
A. pallidistylus Selys, 1878. Argiolestes spungisi
sp. nov. can be distinguished from other congeners
by the inferior appendages {A. spungisi sp. nov. has
conical tips while A. australis has rounded tips);
superior appendages with an inner basal flange
which runs along the axis of the appendages for a
third or half of the length (inner basal flange ab¬
sent in superior appendages of A. celebensis and
A. tuberculiferusy, and lack of large pale spots with
well-defined marks on front and sides of thorax (in
A. pallidistylus large blue marks present on front of
thorax and markings on side of thorax are blurred).
Ecological notes: Individuals of A. spungisi sp.
nov. were observed slowly flying one by one (not
in groups) around the spring and the cavities (ap¬
proximately 4-5 m^), 0.3 m above the water sur¬
face. They were barely visible at dusk of the ravine,
as their bodies are brownish like the old limestone
rock and their wings are transparent. All A. spungisi
sp. nov., arriving one by one in a period of ca 30
mins, were collected. At the observation date, rain
had not fallen for nearly 4 months in the region ac¬
cording to the data collected from locals. It is pos¬
sible at rainy times the water level in the springs
and ravine is significantly higher than at the time of
observation.
Discussion
According to Kalkman et Theischinger (2013)
the species of Argiolestes occur on New Guinea
and adjacent islands, the northern Moluccas and
on Sulawesi. The new records of A. spungisi sp. nov.
partly fill the gap in distribution of Argiolestes on
New Guinea between records of A. roon on Roon
and Mioswaar islands, A. pallidistylus on Vogelkop
(= Doberai) Peninsula and A. australis on Waigeo
Island and near Sorong on Vogelkop Peninsula
(Kalkman et al. 2010; Kalkman & Orr 2013). The
known range of Argiolestes is now larger to mean¬
while available unidentified specimens from sev¬
eral places on Onin Peninsula collected by the au¬
thor and by Dmitry Telnov (Map 1). Together with
here described A. spungisi sp. nov., the genus
Argiolestes includes 13 species. The current find¬
ing of A. spungisi sp. nov. complements and con¬
firms current limited information on habitats of the
genus Argiolestes, namely that the larvae probably
live in seepages and small brooks in forest. Ac¬
cording to the observations of Argiolestes by vari¬
ous authors (c.f. Kalkman & Theischinger 2013;
Kalnins 2014), most individuals were flying or rest¬
ing in almost totally shaded streams or in shaded
stream stretches. However the recent observation
of A. australis on Waigeo Island (see Introduction)
shows that not all species or specimens avoid sun
exposed places (Plate 55 figs 1-2).
Acknowledgements
I am greatly indebted to Dmitry Telnov (The
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Figures 1-8. Argiolestes spungisi sp.
nov., prothorax by dorsal (1-4) and
lateral (5-8) view. 1 & 5 - Holotype;
2-4 & 6-8 - Pa retypes 1, 2, and 3
respectively.
Kalnins, M.: Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (Odonata: Argiolestidae) from New Guinea
(plates 52-55)
Figures 9-10. Argiolestes australis (Guerin-Meneville, 1830), prothorax, dorsal (9) and lateral (10) view.
Figures 11-12. Male accessory genitalia of Papuan Argiolestes, ventral view. 11 - A. spungisi sp. nov., paratype 3;
12 - A. australis (Guerin-Meneville, 1830), specimen from Waisai 10-13 km NE, Waigeo Island.
361
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Entonnological Society of Latvia, Riga) for providing
dragonfly material from New Guinea and for valu¬
able suggestions useful in the preparation of the
final version of the article, to Laszio Wagner (www.
east-indonesia.info) for guiding and help in expe¬
ditions, to Vincent J. Kalkman (Naturalis Biodiver¬
sity Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands) for providing
literature on the Australasian region, to Gunther
Theischinger (Office of Environment and Heritage,
Sydney, Australia) for reviewing the manuscript,
and to Maris Lielkalns (Riga Zoo, Riga, Latvia) for
processing figures.
References
Kalkman V.J. 2007. Argiolestes celebensis spec. nov.
from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Zygoptera: Megapodag-
rionidae). Notes on Old World Megapodagrionidae
1. - Odonatologica 36: 295-299.
Kalkman V.J., Richards S.J., Polhemus D.A. 2010. Three
new species of Arg/o/estes, with a key to the males
of Arg/o/estes). - InternationalJournal of Odonatol-
ogy 13, No 1: 75-88.
Kalkman V.J., Theischinger G. 2013. Generic revision of
Agriolestidae (Odonata), with four new genera. - In-
ternationalJournal of Odonatology 16, No 1: 1-52.
Kalkman V.J., Orr A.G. 2013. Field Guide to the damsel-
flies of New Guinea. - Brachytron 16 Supplement:
120 pp.
Kalnins M. 2014. Argiolestes zane sp. nov. from New
Guinea (Odonata: Argiolestidae): 221-224, pis
31-34. In: Telnov D. (ed.) Biodiversity biogeogra¬
phy and nature conservation in Wallacea and New
Guinea. Volume II. The Entomological Society of
Latvia, Riga: 458 pp, 126 pis.
Michalski J., Oppel S. 2010. Two new species of Ar¬
giolestes from Papua New Guinea (Odonata: Mega¬
podagrionidae). - International Journal of Odona¬
tology 13, No 1: 63-74.
Received: 03.01.2017.
Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov.
Melanesian Odonata Database, other data
Unidentified specimens, coll. LINC
Map 1. Distribution of Argiolestes s. str. based on records in the Melanesian Odonata Database with locality of
Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. and localities of unidentified specimens (map updated from Kalkman & Theischinger
2013 and Kalnins 2014).
362
x
Kazantsev, S.V. & Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
(plates 56-61)
A mimetic assembiage of net-winged beeties
(Coieoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Sergey V. Kazantsev Dmitry Telnov ^
1 - Insect Centre, Donetskaya Str. 13-326, 109651, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: kazantss@mail.ru
2 - Darza iela 10, Stopinu novads, LV-2130, Dzidrinas, Latvia; e-mail: anthicus@gmail.com
Abstract: A new genus, Metrioguinus Kazantsev gen. nov., and eight new species of Net-winged beetles, namely
Cautires albonigrus, Cladophorus dmitryi, Metrioguinus kristinae, M. vikhrevi, Piateros candidus, Porrostoma ar-
fakense, Xyiobanus aibipennis and X. mauroieucus Kazantsev spp. nov. - are described from western New Guinea.
All described taxa belong in one mimetic assemblage, characterized by black distally and whitish yellow proximally
elytra. These lycids are mimicked by other coleopterans (Cantharidae, Chrysomelidae) from the same habitat.
Keywords: Coleoptera, Lycidae, Metriorrhynchini, new species, mimicry, Papuan region.
Introduction
An assemblage of net-winged beetles collect¬
ed at ca. 1900-2450 m above sea level in the Ar-
fak Mountains in West Papua (Eastern Indonesia)
that at a first glance appeared to include two or
three species in fact turned out to represent seven
species belonging in six different genera from two
tribes, Metriorrhynchini and Platerotini. All seven
were found to be new to science and one of them
turned out to belong to an undescribed genus. An¬
other new species of a similar coloration pattern
was found in a distant New Guinean locality, but at
approximately the same altitude.
In the present paper a new genus and eight
new species from the genera Cautires Waterhouse,
1879, Cladophorus Guerin-Meneville, 1830, Me¬
trioguinus gen. nov., Piateros Bourgeois, 1879,
Porrostoma Laporte, 1838, and Xyiobanus Water-
house, 1879 are described and the mimicry of the
complex that includes also representatives of Can¬
tharidae and Chrysomelidae is discussed.
Materials and methods
The studied specimens were glued on card¬
board or transparent plastic mounting plates. For
detailed examination they were relaxed in water;
then the detached ultimate abdominal segments
were treated for several hours in 10% KOH at room
temperature, then, with the extracted genitalia,
placed in microvials with glycerin; or glued back on
mounting plates, along with the extracted genitalia,
without the KOH treatment.
MSP-1 zoom stereoscopic dissecting micro¬
scope with x8-x80 magnification range was used.
Photographs were taken with Canon EOS 6D cam¬
era and Canon MP-E 65 mm lens.
Abbreviations used in the text:
DTC - private collection of Dnnitry Telnov, Riga, Latvia;
ICM - Insect Center, Moscow, Russia;
NME - Naturkundennuseunn Erfurt, Gernnany.
Taxonomic part
Metriorrhynchini Kleine, 1926
Type genus: Metriorrhynchus Gemminger, Har¬
old, 1869
Cautires Waterhouse, 1879
Cautires Waterhouse, 1879: 36.
Type species: Cautires excel lens Waterhouse,
1878, subsequent designation by Bourgeois, 1891
Note: Several dozen Cautires Waterhouse, 1879
species have been reported from New Guinea and
adjacent islands (e.g. Kleine 1926, 1933; Kazant¬
sev 2010).
Distribution: Distributed in East Palaearctic,
Oriental, Afrotropical and Papuan regions (Kleine
1933). Most species from New Guinea seem to be
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
different fronn the type species of the genus (Bocak
2002), so nnore alpha taxononnic work is essential
to determine their taxonomic position.
Cautires albonigrus Kazantsev sp. nov. (Plate 56
figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new species
is derived from the Latin for “white” and “black”, al¬
luding to its coloration.
Measurements: Length 7.4 mm, width across
humeri 1.4 mm.
Description: Black. Elytral proximal half whitish
yellow. Head without rostrum. Vertex with fine me¬
dian groove behind antennal prominence ending in
inconspicuous broad W-shaped impression. Eyes
small, interocular distance ca. 1.7 times greater
than eye diameter. Labrum small, transverse. Palps
slender; ultimate palpomeres elongate, almost
pointed distally and glabrous at apex. Antennal
sockets separated by minute lamina. Antennae at¬
taining to elytral five sixths, from antennomere 3
flabellate; antennomere 3 ca. 4 times longer than
antennomere 2 and 1.3 times shorter than anten¬
nomere 4; flabellae of antennomeres 3-5 ca. 3.4
times longer than relevant antennal stem; anten¬
nomeres 3-11 with short erect pubescence (Plate
56 fig. 1). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.5 times as
wide as long, trapezoidal, bisinuate basally and
semi-circularly produced anteriorly, with slightly
concave sides, conspicuous acute posterior and
evident blunt anterior angles; median cell rhomboi-
dal, relatively broad, reaching anterior margin; lat¬
eral carinae narrow, curved; anterior cells diverging
anteriorly, formed by straight ante ro-l ate ra I carinae,
not quite attaining to anterior margin. Mesothoracic
spiracle small, hooded; hood narrow, erect. Scutel-
lum transverse, slightly narrowing distally, broadly
emarginate at apex (Plate 56 fig. 1). Elytra long, ca.
4 times longer than wide at humeri, parallel-sided,
with four relatively weak, equally developed prima¬
ry costae; interstices with double rows of irregular
subquadrate cells; bottom of cells hairless; pubes¬
cence dense, short and sub-erect (Plate 56 fig. 1).
Tibiae and femoris relatively long, straight and nar¬
row; tarsomeres 3-4 feebly widened, with plantar
pad (tarsomeres 1 and 2 with minute apical plantar
pad). Male aedeagus with gradually widened dis¬
tally and broad at distal two thirds in lateral view
median lobe; inner sac with scissors-like structure;
phallobasal membrane attaining to ca. 0.3 length
of median lobe (Plate 56 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cautires albonigrus Ka¬
zantsev sp. nov. is readily separable from all conge¬
ners by the coloration, relatively long male antennal
flabellae and the shape of the median lobe of the
aedeagus (Plate 56 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Doberai (Bird’s Head) Peninsula of West
New Guinea.
Cladophorus Guerin-Meneville, 1830
Cladophorus Guerin-Meneville, 1830: plate II, fig.
9.
Type species: Cladophorus formosus Guerin-
Meneville, 1830, subsequent designation by Wa¬
terhouse, 1878
= Odontocerus Guerin-Meneville, 1830: 72.
Type species: Cladophorus formosus Guerin-
Meneville, 1830, subsequent designation by Bour¬
geois, 1892
Note: Several dozen Cladophorus Guerin-Men¬
eville, 1830 species are known from New Guinea
(Kleine 1926; 1933).
Distribution: Papuan and Australian regions.
Cladophorus dmitryi Kazantsev sp. nov. (Plate 56
figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe¬
rai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 2 (5' ICM & DTC: same label as in holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. The new species
is named after Dr. Dmitry Telnov (The Entomologi¬
cal Society of Latvia, Riga) who collected the type
series.
Measurements: Length 15.5-17.8 mm, width
across humeri 3. 4-3. 7 mm.
Description: Black; underside with faint bluish
metallic tint. Pronotum orange testaceous; broad
band at elytral proximal two thirds, except at bas¬
al sixth, light gray. Head without rostrum. Vertex
with two deep round impressions behind antennal
prominence. Eyes large, interocular distance ca.
1.7 times greater than eye diameter. Labrum small,
transverse, truncate anteriorly; epistoma concave.
Palps short; ultimate palpomeres massive, con¬
spicuously widened distally and oblique at apex.
364
Kazantsev, S.V. & Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
(plates 56-61)
Antennal sockets separated by narrow triangular
lannina. Antennae attaining to elytral three fourths,
fronn antennonnere 3 flabellate; antennonnere 3 ca.
9 tinnes longer than antennonnere 2 and 1.1 tinnes
longer than antennonnere 4; flabellunn of antenno¬
nnere 3 ca. 2.4 tinnes, flabellae of antennonneres
4 and 5 ca. 3 tinnes longer than relevant antennal
stenn; antennonneres 3-11 with short erect pubes¬
cence (Plate 56 fig. 4). Pronotunn transverse, ca.
1.5 tinnes as wide as long, densely pubescent, trap¬
ezoidal, bisinuate basally and triangularly produced
anteriorly, with explanate sides, truncate posterior
and evident blunt anterior angles; nnedian cell nar¬
row, extending to pronotal 0.75; lateral carinae
obliterate; anterior cells noticeable only basally,
antero-lateral carinae ainnost connplete obsolete.
Mesothoracic spiracle nnassive, hooded; hood long,
bent backwards. Scutellunn subquadrate, triangu¬
larly ennarginate at apex (Plate 56 fig. 4). Elytra
long, ca. 3.8 tinnes longer than wide at hunneri,
noticeably widened distally, with four equally devel¬
oped prinnary costae; interstices with double rows
of regular subquadrate cells; pubescence unifornn,
dense, short and decunnbent (Plate 56 fig. 4). Tib¬
iae and fennoris straight, narrow; tarsonneres 2-4
widened, tarsonneres 1-4 with pronninent plantar
pad. Male aedeagus with straight, relatively narrow,
gradually widened distally and constricted near
apex nnedian lobe; inner sac with bipod elongate
structure; phallobasal nnennbrane attaining to ca.
0.3 length of nnedian lobe (Plate 56 figs 5-6).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus dmitryi
Kazantsev sp. nov. is readily separated fronn con¬
geners by the coloration, snnall eyes, broad prono¬
tunn with actually absent lateral and antero-lateral
carinae and narrow straight nnedian lobe of the ae¬
deagus (Plate 56 figs 4-6).
Distribution: Known only fronn the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Doberai (Bird’s Head) Peninsula of West
New Guinea.
Metrioguinus Kazantsev gen. nov.
Type species: Metrioguinus kristinae sp. nov.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the genus nanne Metriorrhyn-
chus Gennnninger et Harold, 1869, the type genus
of Metriorrhynchini, where the new genus belongs,
and the geographic nanne New Guinea, alluding to
its distribution.
Description: Alate, slender, elongate. Head
transverse, ainnost flat between eyes behind an¬
tennal pronninence, noticeably narrowed behind
eyes. Fastigiunn blunt. Eyes relatively snnall, senni-
spherical. Labrunn snnall, transverse; frons and
labrunn densely pubescent; epistonna concave.
Mandibles slender, evenly rounded. Maxillary palps
4-segnnented, with ultinnate palponnere nnassive,
widened and flattened distally. Labial palps 3-seg-
nnented, considerably shorter than nnaxillary palps,
with large ultinnate palponnere. Antennal pronni¬
nence nnoderately bulging; antennal sockets sepa¬
rated by narrow lannina. Antenna 11-segnnented,
long, narrow, filifornn, round in cross-section; pedi¬
cel (antennonnere 2) considerably shorter than an¬
tennonnere 3, antennonneres 3 and 4 subequal in
length; antennonneres 3-11 with short sub-erect
pubescence (Plate 57 fig. 1). Pronotunn about
as wide as long, slightly nnore narrow than elytra,
with well noticeable posterior and rounded anterior
angles; nnedian cell wedge-shaped, connected with
anterior nnargin by carina; antero-lateral and lateral
carinae well developed. Elytra narrow, parallel¬
sided, with four relatively weak, equally developed
prinnary costae; interstices with double row of snnall
regular cells (Plate 57 fig. 1). Legs long; trochan¬
ters longer than wide, narrow, considerably shorter
than fennurs, connected to fennora distally; fennurs
and tibiae only slightly flattened; tibial spurs nnin-
ute; tarsonneres narrow; tarsonneres 1 and 2 with
apical plantar pad; all claws sinnple. Male proctiger
attached to paraproct; paraproct divided by nnedian
suture, triangularly incised at proxinnal nnargin; ul¬
tinnate ventrite elliptical, with synnnnetric, relatively
short and broad, proxinnally widened and rounded
spiculunn gastrale, externally with spine fornned by
longer bristles (Plate 57 figs 2-3). Aedeagus nnore or
less synnnnetric, with narrow elongate nnedian lobe;
inner sac structures nnostly sclerotized, evaginated;
phallobase anulifornn, relatively broad; phallobasal
nnennbrane not sclerotized (Plate 57 figs 4-5).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Metrioguinus Kazant¬
sev gen. nov. is readily separable fronn other gen¬
era of Metriorrhynchini by the the connbination of
filifornn, round in cross-section antennae, seven-
areola pronotunn and connpletely evaginated inner
sac structures of the aedeagus (Plate 57 figs 1-5).
The pronotal structure of the new genus is very
sinnilar to that of Cautires Waterhouse or Xylobanus
Waterhouse, but its antennae and nnale copulatory
organs are very unlike those of the two genera. As
a nnatter of fact, the filifornn, round in cross-section
antennae and connpletely evaginated inner sac
structures of the aedeagus have not been reported
annong the Metriorrhynchinae, where nnore than a
thousand species have already been described. On
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
the other hand, the aforesaid nnorphologies often
conne across in other lycid lineages. For instance, a
sinnilartype of the aedeagus is typical of Mesolycus
Gorhann, 1883 of the tribe Macrolycini, while the
sanne antennal structure is widespread in Calochro-
nnini, Dictyopterini, Platerotini, etc. Nevertheless,
the characteristic seven-areola pronotunn and cir¬
cular phallobase with developed phallobasal nnenn-
brane place the taxon in Metriorrhynchini.
Distribution: Known only fronn western New
Guinea.
Metrioguinus kristinae Kazantsev sp. nov. (Plate
57 fig. 1-5)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak nnts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Pa retype 16' ICM: same label as in holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: The new species is nanned
after Kristine Greke (Riga, Latvia), who participated
in 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2013 to Entonnological
Society’s of Latvia Papuan region expeditions and
personally collected several interesting Lycidae.
Measurennents: Length 5. 8-6.1 nnnn, width
across hunneri l.O-l.l nnnn.
Description: Dark brown to black. Elytral proxinnal
two fifths whitish yellow. Head without rostrunn.
Vertex with narrow nnedian groove behind anten¬
nal pronninence. Eyes snnall, interocular distance
ca. 1.7 tinnes greater than eye dianneter. Labrunn
densely punctate, inconspicuously ennarginate
nnedially. Ultinnate palponneres elongate, oval and
flattened at apex. Antennae attaining to elytral two
thirds, filifornn; antennonnere 3 ca. 5 tinnes longer
than antennonnere 2 and 1.1 tinnes shorter than
antennonnere 4; antennonneres 3-11 with short
erect pubescence (Plate 57 fig. 1). Pronotunn
slightly wider than long, anteriorly roughly rugulose,
slightly bisinuate basally and senni-circular anteri¬
orly, with snnall acute laterally produced posterior
and rounded anterior angles; nnedian cell nnoder-
ately broad, extending to pronotal 0.65; lateral ca-
rinae sonnewhat concave; anterior cells diverging
anteriorly, fornned by straight ante ro-l ate ra I carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle snnall, not protruding, with
nninute erect anterior hood. Scutellunn subquad¬
rate, slightly narrowing distally, triangularly ennar¬
ginate at apex (Plate 57 fig. 1). Elytra long and
narrow, ca. 4.3 tinnes longer than wide at hunneri,
parallel-sided, with four equally developed prinna-
ry costae; interstices with double rows of regular
subquadrate cells; pubescence dense, short and
decunnbent, concealing reticulation (Plate 57 fig.
1). Fennurs and tibiae straight, narrow, subequal in
length; tarsonnere 4 slightly widened, tarsonneres
1- 4 with plantar pad, tarsonneres 1-2 with apical
plantar pad. Male ultinnate ventrite ca. 2.5 tinnes
longer than wide, bristles fornning spine ca. 5 tinnes
longer than surrounding pubescence (Plate 57 figs
2- 3). Aedeagus with slightly widened nnedially and
bent in lateral view nnedian lobe; inner sac with
ring-like and paired toothed cover distal structure;
phallobasal nnennbrane attaining to ca. 0.4 length
of nnedian lobe (Plate 57 figs 4-5).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Metrioguinus kristinae
Kazantsev sp. nov. is readily distinguishable fronn
M. vikhrevi Kazantsev sp. nov., the only other nnenn-
ber of the genus, by the coloration and widened nne¬
dially nnedian lobe of the aedeagus with differently
shaped inner sac structures (Plate 57 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only fronn the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Doberai (Bird’s Head) Peninsula of West
New Guinea.
Metrioguinus vikhrevi Kazantsev sp. nov. (Plate
57 fig. 6-8)
Holotype (6 ICM: E Indonesia, Papua, env. Wamena
Baliem Reserve, 04°06’S, 139°03’E, 2000 m, 16-25.
XII.2014, N. Vikhrev leg.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The new species
is nanned after Dr. Nikita Vikhrev (Moscow, Russia),
who collected the unique type specinnen.
Measurennents: Length 5.4 nnnn, width across
hunneri 1.1 nnnn.
Description: Dark brown to black. Elytral proxinnal
fourth, except shoulders and scutellar area, whitish
yellow. Head without rostrunn. Vertex with nnedian
groove behind antennal pronninence. Eyes snnall,
interocular distance ca. 1.5 tinnes greater than eye
dianneter. Palps slender; ultinnate palponneres rela¬
tively large, elongate, oval and flattened at apex.
Antennal sockets separated by narrow lannina. An¬
tennae attaining to elytral three fourths, filifornn;
antennonnere 3 ca. 5 tinnes longer than antenno¬
nnere 2 and 1.1 tinnes shorter than antennonnere
4; antennonneres 3-11 with short erect pubescence
(Plate 57 fig. 6). Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.3
tinnes as wide as long, slightly bisinuate basally and
senni-circularly produced anteriorly, with conspicu¬
ous acute posterior and rounded blunt anterior
angles; nnedian cell nnoderately broad, extending
to pronotal 0.6; lateral carinae sonnewhat concave;
anterior cells diverging anteriorly, fornned by obliter-
366
Kazantsev, S.V. & Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
(plates 56-61)
ate near anterior margin antero-lateral carinae. Me-
sothoracic spiracle minute, not protruding. Scutel-
lum subquadrate, slightly narrowing distally, feebly
emarginate at apex (Plate 57 fig. 6). Elytra long,
ca. 4.1 times longer than wide at humeri, parallel¬
sided, with four equally developed primary costae;
interstices with double rows of irregular roundish
cells; pubescence dense, short and semi-erect
(Plate 57 fig. 6). Femurs and tibiae straight, narrow,
subequal in length; tarsomere 4 slightly widened,
tarsomeres 1-4 with plantar pad, tarsomeres 1-2
with apical plantar pad. Male aedeagus with wid¬
ened apically and bent in lateral view median lobe;
inner sac with gripping distal structure; phallobasal
membrane attaining to ca. 0.4 length of median
lobe (Plate 57 figs 7-8).
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Metrioguinus vikhrevi
Kazantsev sp. nov. is readily separable from M.
kristinae Kazantsev sp. nov. by the coloration and
not widened medially median lobe of the aedeagus
with differently shaped inner sac structures (Plate
57 figs 6-8).
Distribution: Known only from Central Cordillera
of New Guinea (East Indonesia).
Xylobanus Waterhouse, 1879
Xylobanus Waterhouse, 1879: 38.
Type species: Lycus cost/fer Walker, 1858: 282,
original designation
Note: The genus Xy/oibanus Waterhouse, 1879, a
widespread and species-rich Old World genus, has
so far listed eighteen New Guinean species (Kleine
1933, 1935; Kazantsev 2015b).
Distribution: Distributed in East Palaearctic, Ori¬
ental, Afrotropical, Australian and Papuan regions
(Kleine 1933).
Xylobanus albipennis Kazantsev sp. nov. (Plate 58
figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Pa raty pes 2 (5' IMG & DTC: same label as in holotype.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for "with white wings”,
alluding to its coloration.
Measurements: Length 5. 6-6. 9 mm, width
across humeri 1.0-1.2 mm.
Description: Dark brown to black. Proximal pro-
notal half whitish yellow. Head without rostrum.
Vertex with transverse impression behind antennal
prominence. Eyes small, interocular distance ca.
1.7 times greater than eye diameter. Labrum small,
transverse, rounded anteriorly. Palps slender; ul¬
timate palpomeres elongate, pointed distally and
glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets separated by
narrow lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral three
fifths, from antennomere 3 flattened and slightly
serrate; antennomere 3 ca. 7 times longer than
antennomere 2 and subequal in length to anten¬
nomere 4; antennomeres 3-11 with short decum¬
bent pubescence (Plate 58 fig. 1). Pronotum
transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide as long, trapezoi¬
dal, bisinuate basally and convex anteriorly, with
straight sides, inconspicuous acute posterior and
evident blunt anterior angles; median cell broad,
extending to pronotal 0.7; lateral carinae conspicu¬
ously weakened; anterior cells diverging anteriorly,
formed by straight antero-lateral carinae. Mesotho-
racic spiracle small, slightly protruding, not hooded.
Scutellum subquadrate, slightly narrowing distally,
semi-circularly emarginate at apex (Plate 58 fig.
1). Elytra long, ca. 4.6 times longer than wide at
humeri, parallel-sided, with four equally developed
in proximal half primary costae, with costae 2 and
4 noticeably stronger in distal half; interstices with
single row of large regular subquadrate cells; bot¬
tom of cells hairless; pubescence scarce, short
and semi-erect (Plate 58 fig. 1). Tibiae and femoris
straight, narrow; tarsomeres not widened, tarso¬
meres 1 and 2 without plantar pad. Male aedeagus
with short, robust, conspicuously widened distally
and rounded at apex median lobe, slightly curved in
lateral view; phallobasal membrane short, ca. 0.3
length of median lobe (Plate 58 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Xylobanus albipennis
Kazantsev sp. nov. is readily separated from the
congeners by the coloration, slender elongate body
and short, robust, conspicuously widened distally
median lobe of the aedeagus (Plate 58 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Doberai (Bird’s Head) Peninsula of West
New Guinea.
Xylobanus mauroleucus Kazantsev sp. nov. (Plate
58 figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Doberai
Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new species
is derived fronn the Greek for “black and white”, al¬
luding to its coloration.
Measurennents: Length 6.8 nnnn, width across
hunneri 1.6 nnnn.
Description: Dark brown to black. Proxinnal pro-
notal two fifths whitish yellow. Head without ros-
trunn. Vertex ainnost flat behind non-bulging anten¬
nal pronninence. Eyes snnall, interocular distance
ca. 1.5 tinnes greater than eye dianneter. Labrunn
transverse, short, slightly ennarginate nnedially;
epistonna nearly truncate. Palps slender; ultinnate
nnaxillary palponnere relatively short, slightly wid¬
ened distally and nearly truncate at apex. Antennal
sockets separated by nninute triangular lannina. An¬
tennae attaining to elytral two thirds, from antenno-
mere 3 flattened and serrate; antennomere 3 ca. 8
times longer than antennomere 2 and ca. 1.2 times
longer than antennomere 4; antennomeres 3-11
with short dense erect pubescence (Plate 58 fig.
1). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.4 times as wide as
long, slightly bisinuate basally and semi-circular an¬
teriorly, with almost parallel, concave before poste¬
rior angles sides, conspicuous acute posterior and
rounded anterior angles; median cell broad, extend¬
ing to pronotal 0.7; lateral carinae conspicuous,
almost straight; anterior cells almost not diverging
anteriorly, formed by straight ante ro-l ate ra I carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle small, hooded; hood narrow,
erect. Scutellum transverse, slightly narrowing dis¬
tally, triangularly emarginate at apex (Plate 58 fig.
1). Elytra long, ca. 3.8 times longer than wide at
humeri, parallel-sided, noticeably broader than pro¬
notum, with four equally developed primary costae;
interstices with single row of large regular subquad¬
rate cells; bottom of cells hairy; pubescence dense,
short and decumbent (Plate 58 fig. 1). Tibiae and
femoris straight, narrow; tarsomeres 3-4 widened,
all tarsomeres with plantar pad (tarsomeres 1 and
2 with minute apical plantar pad). Male aedeagus
with bullet-shaped median lobe, proximally convex
in lateral view; inner sac with scissors-like struc¬
ture; phallobasal membrane short, ca. 0.3 length
of median lobe (Plate 58 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Xylobanus mauroleu-
cus Kazantsev sp. nov. is easily distinguishable
from the similarly coloured X. albipennis Kazant¬
sev sp. nov. by the more serrate antennae, more
transverse, but noticeably more narrow than elytra
pronotum and relatively shorter elytra, structure of
mesothoracic spiracles, tarsomeres, etc., as well as
by the bullet-shaped median lobe of the aedeagus
with scissors-like inner sac structure (Plate 58 figs
4-6).
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Doberai (Bird’s Head) Peninsula of West
New Guinea.
Porrostoma Laporte, 1838
Porrostoma Laporte, 1838: 26.
Type species: Lycus rufipennis Fabricius, 1801,
by m 0 n oty py
Note: The genus Porrostoma Laporte, 1838 is
widespread in New Guinea, but is more species-
rich in Australia (Kleine 1933). Seven species from
New Guinea were added to this genus recently (Ka¬
zantsev 2015b).
Distribution: Papuan and Australian regions
(Kleine 1933).
Porrostoma arfakense Kazantsev sp. nov. (Plate
59 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe¬
rai Peninsula, Arfak nnts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Arfak Mountains where the
unique type specimen was collected.
Measurements: Length 5.3 mm, width across
humeri 1.1 mm.
Description: Dark brown to black. Proximal prono¬
tal fifth whitish yellow. Head without rostrum. Ver¬
tex with inconspicuous transverse impression be¬
hind antennal prominence. Eyes small, interocular
distance ca. 1.6 times greater than eye diameter.
Labrum small, transverse, truncate anteriorly; epis-
toma concave. Palps slender; ultimate palpomeres
narrow, elongate, almost pointed distally and gla¬
brous at apex. Antennal sockets separated by min¬
ute lamina. Antennae from antennomere 3 broad,
serrate; antennomere 3 ca. 4.5 times longer than
antennomere 2 and subequal in length to anten¬
nomere 4; antennomeres 3-11 with short dense
sub-erect pubescence (Plate 59 fig. 1). Pronotum
transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide as long, feebly
bisinuate basally and convex anteriorly, with slightly
concave sides, inconspicuous acute posterior and
evident blunt anterior angles; median cell moder¬
ately broad, extending to pronotal 0.6; lateral ca¬
rinae inconspicuous medially, concave; anterior
cells slightly diverging anteriorly, formed by obliter¬
ate near anterior margins antero-lateral carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle small, non-protruding, not
368
Kazantsev, S.V. & Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
(plates 56-61)
hooded. Scutellunn transverse, slightly narrowing
distally, triangularly emarginate at apex (Plate 59
fig. 1). Elytra long, ca. 4 times longer than wide
at humeri, parallel-sided, with four equally devel¬
oped primary costae, except weakened in distal
fourth primary costa 3; all interstices with double
rows of small roundish cells, except single row of
cells in interstices 1-3 medially below the middle;
bottom of cells glabrous; pubescence scarce, short
and decumbent (Plate 59 fig. 1). Tibiae and femora
straight, narrow; tarsomere 4 slightly widened, tar-
somere 1 without plantar pad. Male aedeagus with
relatively narrow, curved median lobe; inner sac
with trilobate distal structure covered with minute
thorns; phallobasal membrane elongate, sclero-
tized, attaining to ca. 0.7 length of median lobe
(Plate 59 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: In the elytral structure
Porrostoma arfakense Kazantsev sp. nov. is quite
unlike other members of the genus (Plate 59 fig. 1).
At the same time it resembles Procautires multi pi-
losus Kazantsev, 2016, both in the elytral structure
and male genitalia (Plate 60 figs 1-3). It is possible
that these species form a monophyletic lineage.
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Doberai (Bird’s Head) Peninsula of West
New Guinea.
Platerotini Kleine, 1929
Plateros Bourgeois, 1879
Plateros Bourgeois, 1879: xix.
Type species: Eros brasiliensis Lucas, 1857,
subsequent designation by Zaragoza, 1999
Note: The genus Plateros Waterhouse, 1879 is
one of the most species-rich lycid genera, with al¬
most world-wide distribution. The number of spe¬
cies described in this genus is over 800, with 73
species known in New Guinea (Kazantsev 2015a).
Distribution: All biogeographical regions, except
western Palaearctic, Greater Antilles, Madagascar,
New Zealand and Melanesia/Polynesia (Kleine
1933).
Plateros candidus Kazantsev sp. nov. (Plate 59 fig.
4)
Holotype $ NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe¬
rai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “shining white”,
alluding to its coloration.
Measurements: Length 8 mm, width across hu¬
meri 1.9 mm.
Description: Black. Elytra, except narrow distal
margin, whitish yellow; elytral narrow distal margin
gray. Vertex with transverse impression behind an¬
tennal prominence. Eyes relatively small, interocu¬
lar distance ca. 1.2 times greater than eye diameter.
Labrum small, transverse, slightly convex anteri¬
orly; epistoma feebly concave. Palps slender; ulti¬
mate palpomeres small, elongate, slightly widening
distally. Antennal sockets separated by minute lam¬
ina. Antennae attaining to elytral two thirds, from
antennomere 3 flattened, serrate; antennomere 3
ca. 3.2 times longer than antennomere 2 and 1.2
times shorter than antennomere 4; antennomeres
3-11 with short sub-erect pubescence (Plate 59 fig.
4). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.6 times as wide as
long, trapezoidal, pubescent, bisinuate basally and
semi-circularly produced anteriorly, with conspicu¬
ous acute posterior and rounded anterior angles.
Mesothoracic spiracle small, slightly protruding,
not hooded. Scutellum transverse, truncate at apex
(Plate 59 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 3.5 times longer
than wide at humeri, somewhat widening distally,
with four equally developed primary costae; inter¬
stices with double rows of small subquadrate cells;
pubescence dense, short and decumbent (Plate
59 fig. 4). Tibiae and femoris straight, narrow; tar-
someres 3-4 widened, plantar pad on tarsomere 1
occupying ca. its distal half.
Sexual dimorphism: Male is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Plateros candidus Ka¬
zantsev sp. nov. may be easily separated from the
congeners by the combination of coloration, anten¬
nal structure and shape of pronotum (Plate 59 fig.
4).
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Doberai (Bird’s Head) Peninsula of West
New Guinea.
Mimicry
The net-winged beetles are a well-known group
of models for many mimicry complexes in the ani¬
mal kingdom and are mimicked by representatives
of many other coleopterous families, as well as
other insect orders (e.g. Carpenter & Ford 1933;
Linsley et al. 1961; Kazantsev 2005).
While in most other biogeographical regions
there exist only a limited (usually small) number of
lycid colour patterns. New Guinea is marked for a
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
seenningly unlinnited variety of such patterns and
sonne of the colour forms that occur here are not
reported among net-winged beetles elsewhere,
e.g., species with green dorsum (Kazantsev 2015c)
or blue or silvery portions of elytra (Kleine 1926;
1935) to name but a few.
A complex with a rather unusual colour pattern
was discovered between ca. 1900-2500 meters
above sea level in the primary mid-montane rain¬
forest of the Arfak Mountains in Doberai Peninsula,
West New Guinea, around Lake Gigi (Plate 61). This
complex is well characterized by bicolorous elytra,
with black posterior and whitish pale yellow ante¬
rior portions; only in Plateros candidus Kazantsev
sp. nov. just the elytral apices are infuscated (Plate
60 fig. 8). The pronotum is mostly black, with one
exception, the orange-testaceous pronotum in
Cladophorus dmitryi Kazantsev sp. nov. (Plate 60
fig. 2). In addition to the Lycidae represented by sev¬
en species from six different genera and two tribes
(Plate 60 figs 1-3, 5-8), cantharids and chrysome-
lids of very similar appearance (Plate 60 figs 9-12)
were collected in the very same locality - a transect
alongthe montane ridge. Specimens were sampled
from upperside of low-strata foliage (1-1.5 m above
the ground). The specimens were sitting motion¬
less or moving slowly and not flying away when dis¬
turbed (beaten from leaves and branches). A few
specimens were observed saunteringly moving
around the same leaf not leaving it when reaching
the edge, but rather returning to the central posi¬
tion. The mimicking Cantharidae and Chrysomeli-
dae specimens were found in similar circumstanc¬
es, some of them sitting on the same young trees
together with the lycids. Average day temperatures
at collecting spot were +22-24 °C, but much cooler
and very wet (misty) at night (about +10 °C).
In this case the Mullerian mimicry complex
of the Net-winged beetles is complemented by
the Batesian complex formed by the Net-winged
beetles and their mimics, the Soldier beetles and
the Leaf beetles. Additionally, a similarly coloured
Net-winged beetle (Plate 60 fig. 4) was found some
700 km east atapproximately the same altitude, at
2000 m above sea level, in the Central Cordillera of
New Guinea, East Indonesia.
Acknowledgements
Our sincere thanks are due to Dr. Nikita
Vikhrev (Moscow, Russia) for providing interesting
additional material collected during his entomologi¬
cal expedition to New Guinea.
References
Carpenter G.D.H., Ford E.B. 1933. Mimicry. Methuen,
London: viii + 133 pp.
Bocak L. 2002. Generic revision and phylogenetic analy¬
sis of the Metriorrhynchinae (Coleoptera: Lycidae).
- European Journai of Entomoiogy 99: 315-351.
Bourgeois J.M. 1891. Etudes sur la distribution geo¬
graphic des Malacodermes. I. Lycides. - Annaies de
ia Societe entomoiogique de France 60: 337-364.
Bourgeois J.M. 1892. Lycides nouveaux ou peu connus
du Musee civique de Genes. - Anna// dei Museo
civico di storia naturaie di Genova, Serie 2, 12:
495-516.
Kazantsev S.V. 2005. Morphology of Lycidae with some
considerations on evolution of the Coleoptera. -
Eiytron 17/18 [2004] et Coieopteroiogicai Mono¬
graphs 3: 73-248.
Kazantsev S.V. 2010. New taxa of Papuan net-winged
beetles (Lycidae, Coleoptera). - Latvijas Entomo-
iogs 48: 92-100.
Kazantsev S.V. 2015a. Six new species of Piateros Bour¬
geois from New Guinea (Coleoptera, Lycidae). -
Eurasian Entomoiogicai Journai 14 No 1: 27-31.
Kazantsev S.V. 2015b. NewXy/obanns and related taxa
of net-winged beetles from New Guinea (Coleop¬
tera: Lycidae). - Russian Entomoiogicai Journai 24
No 2: 107-118.
Kazantsev S.V. 2015c. New species of Metriorrhynchus
Gemminger et Harold, 1869 and Porrostoma La-
porte, 1838 from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lyci¬
dae). - Russian Entomoiogicai Journai 24 No 3:
211-233.
Kazantsev S.V. 2016. New Procautires species from New
Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae). - Russian Entomo¬
iogicai Journai 25 No 1: 35-47.
Kleine R. 1926. Coleoptera. Lycidae. - Nova Guinea. Re-
suitats des Expeditions scientifiques a ia Nouveiie
Guinea 15: 91-195.
Kleine R. 1933. Lycidae; Pars 123: In: SchenklingS. (ed.)
Coleopterorum Catalogus. W. Junk, Berlin: 145 pp.
Kleine R. 1935. Bericht uber die von Miss Cheesman in
British Neu-Guinea gesammelten. Brenthiden und
Lyciden. - Nova Guinea. Resuitats des Expeditions
scientifiques a ia Nouveiie Guinea 17: 309-321.
Linsley E.G., Eisner T, Klots A.B. 1961. Mimetic assem¬
blages of sibling species of lycid beetles. - Evoiu-
tion 15 No 1: 15-29.
Waterhouse C.O. 1879. iiiustrations of typicai speci¬
mens of Coieoptera in the coiiection of the British
Museum. Part 1 - Lycidae. Printed by order of the
trustees. Taylor and Francis, London: i-x + 1-83,
18 pis.
Zaragoza C.S. 1999. Cantharoidea (Coleoptera) de
Mexico. III. El genero Piateros Bourgeois (Lycidae:
Erotinae: Platerodini). - Acta Zooiogica Mexicana
(nueva serie) 78: 1-71.
Received: 05.09.2016.
370
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea
(Coieoptera: Lycidae)
Sergey V. Kazantsev
Insect Centre, Donetskaya Str. 13-326, 109651, Moscow, Russia; e-nnail: kazantss@nnail.ru
Abstract: Forty six new species of metriorrhynchine net-winged beetles - Cautires brunneus, C. dituaoides, C. eni-
clasoides, C. extraneus, C. ignotus, C. miklukhomaklaii, C. picipennis, C. tricoloripennis, Cladophorus anggiensis,
C. avicollaris, C. bupuensis, C. carbonipennis, C. flavoscutellatus, C. grekeae, C. halmaheraensis, C. holynskii, C.
humeraUssimus, C. lacrimosus, C. maurokitrinus, C. maurus, C. nabirensis, C. nimbus, C. obiensis, C. pusspenssa-
tensis, C. telnovi, C. tertius, C. weigeii, Malacolycus gigiensis, Metriorrhynchus cochleiformis, M. uperensis, M. vitio-
sus, Porrostoma cautiromimum, P. exile, P fuscum, P. gigivagum, P. mutum, P. mystax, P semiflavum, Procautires
cirratus, P fuscicolor, Pseudodontocerus gigilacus, P hilaris, P incultus, P. maculihumeralis, P variicornis and P
villosus spp. nov. - are described from New Guinea and adjacent islands. Cladophorus fuscatus Waterhouse, 1879 is
transferred to Pseudodontocerus as Pseudodontocerus fuscatus (Waterhouse, 1879) comb. nov. and Cladophorus
loriae Kleine, 1926 is transferred to Porrostoma as Porrostoma loriae (Kleine, 1926) comb. nov. Cautires maturnus
Kleine, 1926, Cladophorus formosus Guerin-Meneville, 1830, the type species of the genus, and Pseudodontocerus
fuscatus (Waterhouse, 1879) are illustrated.
Keywords: Coleoptera, Lycidae, Metriorrhynchini, new species, Papuan region.
Introduction
The Metriorrhynchini are by far the nnost di¬
verse and species-rich group of net-winged beetles
in New Guinea (Kleine 1926, 1933) and account
for nnore than half of the described taxa of the re¬
gion’s lycid fauna.
An opportunity to study the vast Lycidae col¬
lections of the Institut Royal des Sciences naturel-
les de Belgique, Bruxelles, the Erfurt Naturkunde-
museunn and the Entonnological Society of Latvia
has already led to publication of several papers on
Metriorrhynchini of New Guinea (Kazantsev 2007,
2010, 2015a, 2015b, 2016a, 2016b). In a further
contribution to the knowledge of this group another
forty six new to science nnetriorrhynchine species
fronn seven genera, Cautires Waterhouse, 1879,
Cladophorus Guerin-Meneville, 1830, Malacolycus
Kleine, 1943, Metriorrhynchus Gennnninger, Harold,
1869, Porrostoma Laporte, 1838, Procautires Kle¬
ine, 1925 and Pseudodontocerus Pic, 1921, are
described.
Materials and methods
Collecting nnethods yielding all several thou¬
sand net-winged beetles fronn the Institut Royal de
Sciences naturelles de Belgique collection were
light traps and canopy fogging. Collecting nnethods
used by Dr. D. Telnov and other members of the
Entomological Society of Latvia expedition to New
Guinea included beating from lower vegetation and
branches, as well as collecting at white light.
The studied specimens were pinned or glued
on cardboard or transparent plastic mounting
plates. For detailed examination they were relaxed
in water; then the detached ultimate abdominal
segments were treated for several hours in 10%
KOH at room temperature, then the extracted geni¬
talia were placed in a microvial with glycerin and
photographed; finally, glued back on mounting
plates. Some aedeagi with evaginated and fully
membranous inner sac were put in water for pho¬
tographing, as in glycerin these delicate structures
tended to get squeezed.
MSP-1 zoom stereoscopic dissecting micro¬
scope with x8 - x80 magnification range was used.
Photographs were taken with Canon EOS 6D cam¬
era and Canon MP-E 65 mm lens.
Abbreviations used in the text:
DTC - Collection of Dr. D. Telnov, Riga;
ICM - Insect Center, Moscow, Russia;
371
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
ISNB - Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Bel¬
gique, Bruxelles;
NME - Naturkundennuseunn Erfurt, Gernnany.
Taxonomic part
Cladophorus Guerin-Meneville, 1830
Cladophorus Guerin-Meneville, 1830: plate II, fig.
9.
Type species: Cladophorus formosus Guerin-
Meneville, 1830, designated by Waterhouse, 1878
= Odontocerus Guerin-Meneville, 1830: 72.
Type species: Cladophorus formosus Guerin-
Meneville, 1830, designated by Bourgeois, 1892.
Notes: Several dozen Cladophorus species are
known fronn New Guinea (Kleine 1926; 1933;
Bocak 2002). The genus nnay be distinguished by
the flabellae stennnning not fronn the bases, but
fronn the apices of relevant antennonneres, mostly
cylindrical and narrowed distally median lobe of
their aedeagi with stout leathery phallobasal mem¬
brane (Plate 62 figs 1-3).
The genus Cladophorus appears to have two princi¬
pal morphological types, the formosus type, i.e. of
the type species of the genus, characterized by the
elongate bipod inner sac structure of the median
lobe of the aedeagus (e.g., Plate 62 figs 2-3, 5-6)
and the carbonipennis type, with a scissors-like
inner sac structure (e.g., Plate 69 figs 8-9). At the
same time the scissors-like inner sac structure is
not infrequent in New Guinean species attributed
to Cautires Waterhouse, 1879 (e.g., Plate 76 figs
5-7) and Pseudodontocerus Pic, 1921 (e.g., Plate
72 figs 5-6). Apparently, the relationships between
Cladophorus and related genera, including Caut/res
and Pseudodontocerus, need to be reinvestigated
on the basis of a comprehensive phylogenetic anal¬
ysis, preceded by more alpha-taxonomic studies.
Distribution: Papuan and Australian regions.
Cladophorus avicollaris sp. nov. (Plate 62 figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, West Papua, S Bird’s
Neck, 7-9 km NW Kaimana, 03°35’02”S, 133°42’58”E,
25-200 m, primeval rainforest on limestone, 05.IX.2010,
leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “bird’s neck”, with
reference to the locality where the unique speci¬
men was collected.
Description: Length 12.2 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 2.7 mm.
Dark brown. Scapus proximally, pronotum, except
at anterior and posterior margin, trochanters and
partly femoris and tibiae testaceous. Head without
rostrum. Vertex with deep transverse impression
behind antennal prominence. Eyes small, interoc¬
ular distance ca. 2 times larger than eye diam¬
eter. Labrum transverse, truncate anteriorly. Palps
slender; ultimate palpomeres elongate, oblique
at apex. Antennal sockets separated by narrow
lamina. Antennae nearly attaining to elytral apices,
from antennomere 3 flabellate; antennomere 3 ca.
16 times longer than antennomere 2 and ca. 1.1
times shorter than antennomere 4; flabellum of
antennomere 3 ca. 2.4 times, flabellum of anten¬
nomere 4 ca. 2.8 times and flabellum of antenno¬
mere 5 ca. 3.3 times longer than relevant antennal
stem; antennomeres 3-11 with short decumbent
pubescence (Plate 62 fig. 4). Pronotum transverse,
ca. 1.4 times as wide as long, trapezoidal, slightly
bisinuate basally and feebly convex anteriorly, with
conspicuous acute posterior and blunt rounded an¬
terior angles; median cell relatively broad, extend-
ingto pronotal 0.8; lateral carinae straight, conspic¬
uous; anterior cells diverging anteriorly, formed by
straight antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spir¬
acle hooded; hood long, narrow, bent backwards.
Scutellum subquadrate, slightly narrowing distally,
triangularly emarginate at apex (Plate 62 fig. 4). Ely¬
tra long, ca. 4.2 times longer than wide at humeri,
slightly widening posteriorly, with four equally devel¬
oped primary costae, except weakened in posterior
half primary costa 1; all interstices with double rows
of transverse subrectangular cells; bottom of cells
hairless; pubescence short and decumbent (Plate
62 fig. 4). Tibiae and femoris straight, narrow; tar-
someres 2-4 widened, with developed plantar pad.
Male aedeagus with bottle-shaped median lobe, its
constricted distal portion relatively long; inner sac
with bipod structure; phallobasal membrane ca.
0.4 length of median lobe (Plate 62 figs 5-6).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus avlcol-
larls sp. nov. may be differentiated from C. rufltho-
rax Bourgeois, 1892, similar in coloration, by the
broader pronotum and conspicuously longer anten¬
nal flabellae, as well as by the bottle-shaped me¬
dian lobe of the aedeagus (Plate 62 figs 4-6).
Distribution: Known only from Indonesian New
Guinea.
Cladophorus bupuensis sp. nov. (Plate 63 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' ICM: Papua New Guinea, Upper Bupu, ca.
15 km N Lae, 1-5 km NE Kwapsanek, 600-1300 m,
30.X.1988, R. Holyhski leg.
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
Pa retype S ICM: same label as in holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the locality where the type se¬
ries was collected.
Description: Length 11.7-12.6 nnnn. Width across
hunneri 2. 9-3.1 nnnn.
Dark brown. Scapus proxinnally light brown; elytral
proxinnal fourth testaceous. Head without rostrunn.
Vertex with deep transverse innpression behind
antennal pronninence. Eyes snnall, interocular dis¬
tance ca. 1.5 tinnes greater than eye dianneter. La-
brunn transverse, rounded anteriorly. Palps slender;
ultinnate palponneres elongate, oblique at apex.
Antennal sockets separated by nninute lannina. An¬
tennae attaining to elytral three fourths, fronn an-
tennonnere 3 flabellate; antennonnere 3 ca. 8 tinnes
longer than antennonnere 2 and subequal in length
to antennonnere 4; flabellunn of antennonnere 3
ca. 3.5 tinnes, flabellunn of antennonnere 4 ca. 4.7
tinnes and flabellunn of antennonnere 5 ca. 4.1tinnes
longer than relevant antennal stenn; antennonneres
3-11 with relatively short erect pubescence (Plate
63 fig. 1). Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.7 tinnes as
wide as long, trapezoidal, slightly bisinuate basally
and inconspicuously senni-circularly projected an¬
teriorly, with conspicuous acute laterally projected
posterior and rounded anterior angles; nnedian cell
nnoderately broad, reaching anterior nnargin; lateral
carinae straight, conspicuous; anterior cells rela¬
tively narrow, slightly diverging anteriorly, fornned by
straight antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spir¬
acle hooded; hood long, broad, bent backwards.
Scutellunn subquadrate, slightly narrowing distally,
triangularly ennarginate at apex (Plate 63 fig. 1). Ely¬
tra long, ca. 3.6 tinnes longer than wide at hunneri,
slightly widening posteriorly, with four equally de¬
veloped prinnary costae; all interstices with double
rows of transverse subrectangular cells; bottonn of
cells hairy; pubescence dense, short and decunn-
bent (Plate 63 fig. 1). Tibiae and fennoris straight,
narrow; tarsonneres 2-4 widened, with developed
plantar pad. Male aedeagus with noticeably convex
nnedian lobe, its distal constriction relatively short;
inner sac with bipod structure; phallobasal nnenn-
brane ca. 0.5 length of nnedian lobe (Plate 63 figs
2-3).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus bupuen-
sis sp. nov. seenns to be close to C. flabellifer Bour¬
geois, 1892, separable by the shorter proxinnal tes¬
taceous elytral band (extending to elytral half in C.
flabellifer) and shorter constricted distal tip of the
nnedian lobe of the aedeagus (Plate 63 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only fronn Upper Bupu, Pap¬
ua New Guinea.
Cladophorus flavoscutellatus sp. nov. (Plate 63
figs 4-5)
Holotype $ ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 1.VII.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Latin for “with yellow scutel¬
lunn”, alluding to its coloration.
Description: Length 10.8 nnnn. Width across hu¬
nneri 2.4 nnnn.
Dark brown. Pronotal nnargins, scutellunn, elytra
below shoulders and around scutellunn in elon¬
gate triangle, trochanters and bases of fennoris
light brown. Head without rostrunn. Vertex with
pronninent transverse innpression behind antennal
pronninence. Eyes snnall, interocular distance ca.
1.7 tinnes greater than eye dianneter. Labrunn trans¬
verse, rounded at sides, truncate anteriorly. Palps
slender; ultinnate palponneres elongate, parallel¬
sided, oblique at apex. Antennal sockets separated
by narrow lannina. Antennae attaining to elytral six
sevenths, antennonnere 3 dentate; fronn anten¬
nonnere 4 flabellate; antennonnere 3 ca. 12 tinnes
longer than antennonnere 2 and 1.1 tinnes longer
than antennonnere 4; flabellunn of antennonnere 4
ca. 2 tinnes and flabellunn of antennonnere 5 ca. 1.5
tinnes shorter than relevant antennal stenn; anten¬
nonneres 3-11 with short decunnbent pubescence
(Plate 63 fig. 4). Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.3 tinnes
as wide as long, slightly bisinuate basally and nnod¬
erately convex anteriorly, with concave sides, snnall
conspicuous acute posterior and pronounced blunt
anterior angles; nnedian cell broad, reaching anteri¬
or nnargin; lateral carinae developed, but not sharp,
concave; anterior cells diverging anteriorly, fornned
by straight antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic
spiracle hooded; hood pronninent, bent backwards.
Scutellunn transverse, slightly narrowing distally, tri¬
angularly ennarginate at apex (Plate 63 fig. 4). Ely¬
tra long, ca. 3.6 tinnes longer than wide at hunneri,
parallel-sided, with four equally developed prinnary
costae; all interstices with double rows of snnall
transverse in anterior third and subquadrate pos¬
teriorly cells; bottonn of cells hairless; pubescence
dense, short and decunnbent (Plate 63 fig. 4). Tibi¬
ae and fennoris straight, tibiae narrow, fennoris rela¬
tively broad; tarsonneres 2-4 widened, with plantar
pad. Fennale external genitalia with free, elongate,
relatively narrow coxites subequal in length to valvi-
fers; valvifers free, conspicuously convex; styli elon¬
gate, robust (Plate 63 fig. 5).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Male is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus flavoscu-
tellatus sp. nov. is readily distinguishable fronn all
congeners by the coloration (Plate 63 fig. 4).
Distribution: Known only fronn Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Cladophorus grekeae sp. nov. (Plate 64 figs 1-3)
Holotype S NME: E Indonesia, Raja Annpat Prov.,
SW Misool, Misool Utara distr., ca. 2-5 knn NNW Adu-
wey (Adua) vill., Hakau River valley, 01°58’56”S,
129°54’37”E, prinneval rainforest near valley, beaten
fronn branches, 25.111.2009, leg. D.Telnov & K.Greke.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The new species
is panned after one of the collectors of the unique
type specinnen, Ms. Kristina Greke (Riga, Latvia).
Description: Length 14.5 nnm. Width across hu-
nneri 2.9 nnm.
Dark brown. Scapus proximally and pedicel light
brown; elytral proximal third testaceous. Head with¬
out rostrum. Vertex with transverse groove and two
deep round impressions behind antennal promi¬
nence. Eyes small, interocular distance ca. 2 times
greater than eye diameter. Labrum transverse, fee¬
bly emarginate anteriorly. Palps slender; ultimate
palpomeres stout, elongate, oblique at apex. Anten¬
nal sockets separated by narrow lamina. Antennae
attaining to elytral two thirds, from antennomere 3
flabellate; antennomere 3 ca. 8 times longer than
antennomere 2 and 1.25 times shorter than an¬
tennomere 4; flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 3.3
times, flabellum of antennomere 4 ca. 3.6 times
and flabellum of antennomere 5 ca. 3.7 times lon¬
ger than relevant antennal stem; antennomeres
3-11 with short erect pubescence (Plate 64 fig. 1).
Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.4 times as wide as long,
trapezoidal, slightly bisinuate basally and feebly ar¬
cuate anteriorly, with convex sides, inconspicuous
acute posterior and rounded anterior angles; me¬
dian cell broad in the middle, extending to pronotal
0.7; lateral carinae straight, conspicuous; anterior
cells not diverging anteriorly, formed by straight an-
tero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle hooded;
hood long, bent backwards. Scutellum elongate,
narrowing distally, triangularly emarginate at apex
(Plate 64 fig. 1). Elytra long, ca. 3.9 times longer
than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with four equal¬
ly developed primary costae; all interstices with
double rows of transverse subrectangular cells;
bottom of cells hairless; pubescence dense, short
and decumbent (Plate 64 fig. 1). Tibiae and femo-
ris straight, narrow; tarsomeres 2-4 widened, with
plantar pad. Male aedeagus with straight cylindri¬
cal median lobe, its distal constriction short; inner
sac with bipod structure; phallobasal membrane
ca. 0.5 length of median lobe (Plate 64 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus grekeae
sp. nov. seems to be quite close to C. bupuensis
sp. nov. (see description of this species above), but
is separable by the smaller eyes, somewhat longer
proximal testaceous elytral part, as well as by the
straight median lobe of the aedeagus with shorter
distal constriction (Plate 64 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only from Misool.
Cladophorus holynskll sp. nov. (Plate 64 figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' ICM: Papua New Guinea, Upper Bupu, ca.
15 km N Lae, 1-5 km NE Kwapsanek, 600-1300 m,
30.X.1988, R. Holyhski leg.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. The new species
is named after the collector of the unique type spec¬
imen, Dr. Roman Holyhski (Milanowek, Poland).
Description: Length 12.3 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 2.8 mm.
Dark brown. Scapus proximally and pedicel light
brown; pronotum, scutellum, elytra, except at distal
fifth, trochanters and bases of femoris testaceous.
Head without rostrum. Vertex with transverse
groove and two small deep round impressions be¬
hind antennal prominence. Eyes small, interocular
distance ca. 1.6 times greater than eye diameter.
Labrum transverse, semi-rectangular, truncate
anteriorly. Palps slender; ultimate palpomeres
elongate, widened and oblique interiorly. Antennal
sockets separated by narrow lamina. Antennae at¬
taining to elytral three fourths, from antennomere 3
flabellate; antennomere 3 ca. 9 times longer than
antennomere 2 and 1.1 times longer than antenno¬
mere 4; flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 5.7 times,
flabellum of antennomere 4 ca. 6.8 times and fla¬
bellum of antennomere 5 ca. 6.5 times longer than
relevant antennal stem; antennomeres 3-11 with
short erect pubescence (Plate 64 fig. 4). Pronotum
transverse, ca. 1.5 times as wide as long, trapezoi¬
dal, slightly bisinuate basally and noticeably semi-
circularly projected anteriorly, with slightly convex
sides, conspicuous acute posterior and conspicu¬
ous acute anterior angles; median cell moderately
broad, extending to pronotal 0.75; lateral carinae
conspicuous, slightly concave; anterior cells diverg¬
ing anteriorly, formed by straight antero-lateral ca¬
rinae. Mesothoracic spiracle hooded; hood long,
narrow, bent backwards. Scutellum subquadrate,
narrowing distally, triangularly emarginate at apex
(Plate 64 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 3.5 times longer
374
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
than wide at hunneri, slightly widening posteriorly,
with four equally developed prinnary costae; inter¬
stices 1 and 5 with double rows of irregular sub¬
quadrate cells; all interstices with double rows of
transverse subrectagular cells; bottonn of cells
hairless; pubescence dense, short and decunnbent
(Plate 64 fig. 4). Tibiae and fennoris straight, nar¬
row; tarsonneres 2-4 widened, with plantar pad.
Male aedeagus with sonnewhat widened distally
and noticeably convex nnedian lobe, its distal con¬
striction relatively short; inner sac with bipod struc¬
ture; phallobasal nnennbrane long, over 0.5 length
of nnedian lobe (Plate 64 figs 5-6).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus holynskii
sp. nov., resennbling C. ceramensis Kleine, 1926
fronn Central Moluccas, Serann Island (which is ap¬
parently not a Cladophorus, but a Metriorrhynchus
Gennnninger, Harold, 1869 species) in coloration, is
easily separable by the very long antennal flabel-
lae and a connpletely different type of the aedeagus
(Plate 64 figs 4-6). It nnay also be distinguished fronn
other Cladophorus species by the strongly trapezoi¬
dal pronotunn with acute anterior angles.
Distribution: Known only fronn Upper Bupu,
Papua New Guinea.
Cladophorus humeralissimus sp. nov. (Plate 65
figs 1-5)
Holotype S ICM: Papua New Guinea, 17 km SSW
Madang, 4 km W Maranga Hook, 7.III.1989, M. & R.
Holyhski leg.
Pa retypes: 8S & 6$ ICM & ISNB: Papua New Guin¬
ea, Madang prov., Baiteta, light, 0. Missa leg., dates:
9.IV.1996; 10.IV.1993; 9.IV.1996; 13.IV.1996 (2 speci¬
mens); 1.V.1996; 15.V.1996 (2 specimens); 16.V.1996;
20.V.1996; 23.V.1996; 20.VI.1996; 25.VI.1996;
15.VII.1996; 16' & 1$ ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang
prov., Baiteta, fogging, 0. Missa leg., dates: 10.V.1995
($); 4.VII.1995 (S).
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Latin for “shoulder”, allud¬
ing to its elytral coloration.
Description: Length 6.3-9. 6 nnnn. Width across
hunneri 1.5-2. 5 nnnn.
Dark brown. Pronotal nnargins narrowly light brown;
trochanters, elytral hunneri and tibiae distally testa¬
ceous. Head without rostrunn. Vertex with deep tri¬
angular innpression behind antennal pronninence.
Eyes relatively large, interocular distance ca. 1.2
tinnes greater than eye dianneter. Labrunn trans¬
verse, slightly ennarginate anteriorly. Palps slender;
ultinnate palponneres narrow, elongate, pointed and
glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets separated by
nninute lannina. Antennae attaining to elytral five
sixths, fronn antennonnere 3 flabellate; antenno-
nnere 3 ca. 8 tinnes longer than antennonnere 2 and
1.4 tinnes longer than antennonnere 4; flabellunn of
antennonnere 3 ca. 2 tinnes, flabellunn of antenno¬
nnere 4 ca. 5 tinnes and flabellunn of antennonnere
5 ca. 5.3 tinnes longer than relevant antennal stenn;
antennonneres 3-11 with short decunnbent pubes¬
cence (Plate 65 fig. 1). Pronotunn transverse, ca.
1.7 tinnes as wide as long, senni-circular anteriorly,
with parallel sides, conspicuous snnall acute pos¬
terior and rounded anterior angles; nnedian cell
broad, extending to pronotal 0.75; lateral carinae
conspicuous, straight; anterior cells short, slightly
diverging anteriorly, fornned by straight antero-lat-
eral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle snnall, hooded;
hood very snnall and narrow, bent backwards. Scu-
tellunn subquadrate, slightly narrowing distally, tri¬
angularly ennarginate at apex (Plate 65 fig. 1). Ely¬
tra long, ca. 3.4 tinnes longer than wide at hunneri,
parallel-sided, with four equally developed prinnary
costae, except prinnary costa 1 weakening in distal
fourth; interstices 1 and 5 with double rows of irreg¬
ular subquadrate cells; all interstices with double
rows of transverse subrectangular cells; bottonn of
cells hairless; pubescence scarce, short and senni-
erect (Plate 65 fig. 1). Tibiae and fennoris straight,
narrow; tarsonneres 2-4 widened, with plantar pad
(tarsonneres 1 and 2 with nninute apical plantar
pad). Male aedeagus with relatively broad, notice¬
ably convex, constricted both proxinnallyand distally
nnedian lobe; inner sac with scissors-like structure;
phallobasal nnennbrane large, leathery, constituting
over 0.6 length of nnedian lobe (Plate 65 figs 2-3).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale sinnilar to nnale,
but eyes snnaller, antennal flabellae shorter, fenno¬
ris broader (Plate 65 fig. 4). External genitalia with
free, elongate, robust coxites; valvifers free, narrow,
sinuous, 2.25 tinnes longer than coxites; styli elon¬
gate, robust (Plate 65 fig. 5).
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus humer-
allsslmus sp. nov., sonnewhat resennbling C. brun-
nescens Kleine, 1926 in coloration, is easily sepa¬
rable by the less conspicuous testaceous pronotal
nnargin and connpletely different structure of the
aedeagus (Plate 65 figs 1-3); the new species is
also distinguishable fronn nnost of the congeners
by the pointed ultinnate palponneres and very snnall
hood of the nnesothoracic spiracle, its long sinuous
valvifers (Plate 65 fig. 5) unlike those of any other
nnennber of the genus where these structures have
been studied.
Distribution: Known only fronn Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Cladophorus lacrimosus sp. nov. (Plate 65 figs 6-9)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, West New Guinea, Do-
berai Peninsula, 15.5-14 knn N Ayannaru, 01°08’04”S,
132°11’30”E, 275-250 nn, prinnary lowland rainforest
on linnestone, 2.IX.2015, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Latin for “pnournful”, allud¬
ing to its coloration.
Description: Length 12.2 nnnn. Width across hu¬
meri 2.6 mm.
Dark brown to black. Antennomere 2 and prono-
tum, except at disk, reddish brown. Head without
rostrum. Vertex with prominent transverse impres¬
sion behind antennal prominence. Eyes small,
interocular distance ca. 2 times greater than eye
diameter. Labrum small, transverse, concave an¬
teriorly. Palps short; ultimate palpomeres robust,
widened and flattened at apex. Antennal sockets
separated by minute lamina. Antennae nearly at¬
taining to elytral apices, from antennomere 3 fla-
bellate; antennomere 3 ca. 10 times longer than
antennomere 2 and subequal in length to antenno¬
mere 4; flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 1.4 times,
flabellae of antennomeres 4 and 5 ca. 1.75 times
longer than relevant antennal stem; antennomeres
3-11 with short erect pubescence (Plate 65 fig. 6).
Pronotum moderately transverse, ca. 1.3 times as
wide as long, convex anteriorly, with nearly paral¬
lel sides, conspicuous acute posterior and evident
blunt anterior angles; median cell relatively narrow,
almost attaining anterior margin; lateral carinae
inconspicuous, curved; anterior cells somewhat
rounded anteriorly, formed by curved antero-lateral
carinae, inconspicuous near anterior margin. Me-
sothoracic spiracle small, hooded; hood long and
narrow, bent backwards. Scutellum transverse,
slightly narrowing distally, triangularly emargin-
ate at apex (Plate 65 fig. 6). Elytra long, ca. 3.75
times longer than wide at humeri, slightly widen¬
ing posteriorly, with four equally developed primary
costae, except primary costa 1 weakening in distal
third; interstices with double rows of small regular
subquadrate cells; bottom of cells hairless; pubes¬
cence scarce, short and semi-erect (Plate 65 fig. 6).
Tibiae and femoris straight and narrow; tarsomeres
2-4 widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with developed plan¬
tar pad. Male penultimate tergite bipartite, deeply
incised, divided by median suture; ultimate sternite
proximally broad, dilated and convex at base (Plate
65 fig. 7). Aedeagus with relatively narrow, straight,
convex in lateral view, constricted both proximally
and distally median lobe; inner sac with convex in
lateral view sclerotized elongate structure, its bipod
base short; phallobasal membrane small, leathery,
constituting ca. 0.25 length of median lobe (Plate
65 figs 8-9).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus lacrimo¬
sus sp. nov. may be placed near C. avicollarls sp.
nov., separable by the noticeably shorter male an¬
tennal flabellae, shorter apical constriction of the
median lobe of the aedeagus, shorter bipod base
of the inner sac sclerotized structure and conspicu¬
ously shorter phallobasal membrane (Plate 65 figs
6-9). It may be distinguished from the also similarly
coloured C. rufithorax by the different type of the
aedeagal structure.
Distribution: Known only from Doberai Peninsu¬
la, Indonesian New Guinea.
Cladophorus maurokitrinus sp. nov. (Plate 66 figs
1-3)
Holotype 6' ICM: E Papua New Guinea, Morose Pr.,
Wau: Ecol. Inst., at light, 1-2.XII.1988, R. Holyhski leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Greek for “black” and “yel¬
low”, alluding to its coloration.
Description: Length 11.8 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 2.3 mm.
Dark brown to black. Metaventrite, elytral suture at
penultimate fourth, abdominal ventrites 1-4, meta¬
coxae, metatrochanters and bases of hind femoris
bright orange testaceous. Head without rostrum.
Vertex with two small deep oblique impressions
behind antennal prominence. Eyes relatively large,
interocular distance ca. 1.4 times greater than eye
diameter. Labrum transverse, rounded. Palps slen¬
der; ultimate palpomeres small, narrow, pointed
and glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets separated
by narrow lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral four
fifths, from antennomere 3 flabellate; antenno¬
mere 3 ca. 8 times longer than antennomere 2 and
1.5 times longer than antennomere 4; flabellum of
antennomere 3 ca. 2.2 times, flabellum of antenno¬
mere 4 ca. 5.5 times and flabellum of antennomere
5 ca. 5.9 times longer than relevant antennal stem;
antennomeres 3-11 with very short decumbent pu¬
bescence (Plate 66 fig. 1). Pronotum transverse,
ca. 1.4 times as wide as long, triangular, bisinuate
basally and rounded anteriorly, with conspicuous
acute posterior angles; median cell relatively broad
anteriorly, extending to pronotal 0.8; lateral carinae
conspicuous, long, convex; anterior cells subquad¬
rate, formed by convex antero-lateral carinae. Me-
sothoracic spiracle small, not hooded. Scutellum
subquadrate, slightly narrowing distally, semi-cir-
376
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
cularly ennarginate at apex (Plate 66 fig. 1). Elytra
long, narrow, ca. 5.2 tinnes longer than wide at hu-
nneri, widening posteriorly and dehiscent in poste¬
rior two thirds, with four equally developed prinnary
costae; all interstices with double rows of snnall
regular transverse cells; bottonn of cells hairless;
pubescence scarce, short and senni-erect (Plate
66 fig. 1). Tibiae and fennoris straight, narrow; tar-
sonneres 2-4 widened, with plantar pad. Male ae-
deagus with nnoderately broad, straight, constricted
both proxinnally and distally nnedian lobe; inner sac
with scissors-like structure; phallobasal nnennbrane
over 0.5 length of nnedian lobe (Plate 66 figs 2-3).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus maurokit-
rinus sp. nov. is readily differentiated fronn all con¬
geners by the unifornniy black upperside with bright
yellow underside, relatively snnall pronotunn, dehis¬
cent elytra, unhooded nnesothoracic spiracle and
details of the aedeagus (Plate 66 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only fronn Wau, Papua New
Guinea.
Cladophorus maurus sp. nov. (Plate 66 figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, Irian Jaya, 170 km S
Nabire, Epomani, 1150 m, 6.1.1998, A. Weigel leg.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Greek for “black”, alluding
to its coloration.
Description: Length 12.5 nnnn. Width across hu-
nneri 3 nnnn.
Unifornniy dark brown to black. Head without ros-
trunn. Vertex with deep transverse innpression be¬
hind antennal pronninence. Eyes snnall, interocular
distance ca. 2.1 tinnes greater than eye dianneter.
Labrunn transverse, truncate anteriorly. Palps slen¬
der; ultinnate palponneres snnall, elongate, paral¬
lel-sided and oblique at apex. Antennal sockets
separated by narrow lannina. Antennae attaining to
elytral four fifths, fronn antennonnere 3 flabellate;
antennonnere 3 ca. 6 tinnes longer than antenno¬
nnere 2 and 1.1 tinnes shorter than antennonnere 4;
flabellunn of antennonnere 3 ca. 2.25 tinnes, flabel-
lunn of antennonnere 4 and 5 ca. 2.5 tinnes longer
than relevant antennal stenn; antennonneres 3-11
with short sub-erect pubescence (Plate 66 fig. 4).
Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.4 tinnes as wide as
long, slightly trapezoidal, ainnost straight basally
and senni-circular anteriorly, with conspicuous right
posterior and rounded anterior angles; nnedian cell
relatively narrow, reaching anterior nnargin; lateral
carinae inconspicuous, near nnedian cell obliter¬
ate; anterior cells diverging anteriorly, fornned by
straight antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spir¬
acle hooded; hood pronninent, bent backwards.
Scutellunn subquadrate, slightly narrowing distally,
triangularly ennarginate at apex (Plate 66 fig. 4).
Elytra long, ca. 3.5 tinnes longer than wide at hu-
nneri, widening posteriorly, with four equally devel¬
oped prinnary costae; all interstices with double
rows of transverse subrectangular cells; bottonn of
cells hairless; pubescence scarce, very short and
decunnbent (Plate 66 fig. 4). Tibiae and fennoris
straight, tibiae narrow, fennoris relatively broad; tar-
sonneres 2-4 widened, with plantar pad. Male ae¬
deagus with sonnewhat convex nnedian lobe, its dis¬
tal constriction long; inner sac with bipod structure;
phallobasal nnennbrane over 0.5 length of nnedian
lobe (Plate 66 figs 5-6).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus maurus
sp. nov., resennbling C. belzebuth Bourgeois, 1892
in coloration and pronotal structure, is readily sep¬
arable by the right posterior pronotal angles, and
long antennal flabellae, as well as by the slightly
convex nnedian lobe of the aedeagus with long dis¬
tal constriction (Plate 66 figs 4-6).
Distribution: Known only fronn Nabire area, Indo¬
nesian New Guinea.
Cladophorus nabirensis sp. nov. (Plate 67 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' ICM: E Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Nabire area,
750 m, 28.V.1995, V. Tuzov leg.
Pa retypes 56' ICM & NME: E Indonesia, Irian Jaya,
50 km S Nabire, llaga road, Pusppenssat Station,
03°29.5’S, 135°43.8.’E, 300 m, VIII-IX.1991, 0. Heyes
leg. (2 specimens); E Indonesia, Irian Jaya, 50 km S
Nabire, Pusppenssat, 29.XII.1996, A. Weigel leg.; E
Indonesia, Irian Jaya, 50 km S Nabire, Pusppenssat,
03°29’53”S, 135°43’83”E, 730 m, 20.11.1998, A. Wei¬
gel leg.; E Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Nabire area, road Nabi-
re-llaga, km 54, 03°29’51”S, 135°43’913”E, 750 m,
IV.1998, M. Balke leg.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the locality where the type se¬
ries was collected.
Description: Length 14.5-16.2 nnnn. Width across
hunneri 3. 5-4.0 nnnn.
Black. Pronotunn and elytra, except on elongate
triangular patch around scutellunn and at apices,
bright testaceous. Head without rostrunn. Vertex
with deep transverse innpression behind antennal
pronninence. Eyes snnall, interocular distance ca.
2 tinnes greater than eye dianneter. Labrunn trans¬
verse, slightly ennarginate anteriorly. Palps slen¬
der; ultinnate palponneres elongate, robust, oblique
interiorly. Antennal sockets separated by narrow
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
lannina. Antennae attaining to elytral five sixths,
fronn antennonnere 3 flabellate; antennonnere 3 ca.
8 tinnes longer than antennonnere 2 and subequal
in length to antennonnere 4; flabellunn of antenno¬
nnere 3 ca. 3.1 tinnes, flabellunn of antennonnere
4 ca. 3.5 tinnes and flabellunn of antennonnere 5
ca. 3.7 tinnes longer than relevant antennal stenn;
antennonneres 3-11 with short decunnbent pubes¬
cence, with separate short erect bristles (Plate 67
fig. 1). Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.5 tinnes as wide
as long, trapezoidal, bisinuate basally and slightly
projected anteriorly in the nniddle, with acute poste¬
rior and rounded anterior angles; nnedian cell nar¬
row, extendingto pronotal 0.8; lateral carinae devel¬
oped, slightly concave; anterior cells not diverging
anteriorly, fornned by straight ante ro-l ate ra I carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle hooded; hood pronninent,
bent backwards. Scutellunn subquadrate, slightly
narrowing distally, triangularly ennarginate at apex
(Plate 67 fig. 1). Elytra long, ca. 3.3 tinnes longer
than wide at hunneri, widening posteriorly, with four
equally developed prinnary costae; all interstices
with double rows of transverse rectangular cells;
bottonn of cells hairless; pubescence dense, short
and decunnbent (Plate 67 fig. 1). Tibiae relatively
broad, fennoris sonnewhat curved, widening distally;
tarsonneres 2-4 widened, with plantar pad. Male
aedeagus with straight bullet-shaped nnedian lobe,
its distal constriction short; inner sac with bipod
structure; phallobasal nnennbrane ca. 0.45 length
of nnedian lobe (Plate 67 figs 2-3).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus nabirensis
sp. nov. is readily differentiated fronn all congeners
by the coloration with infuscated around scutellunn,
along suture and at the apices elytra, as well as by
the straight bullet-shaped nnedian lobe of the ae¬
deagus with short distal constriction (Plate 67 figs
1-3).
Distribution: Known only fronn Nabire area, Indo¬
nesian New Guinea.
Cladophorus nimbus sp. nov. (Plate 67 figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' ICM: Papua New Guinea, Kiriwina Is.,
VIII.1980, R. Zlotinleg.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Latin for “black cloud”, al¬
luding to its coloration.
Description: Length 12.0 nnnn. Width across hu¬
nneri 2.9 nnnn.
Black. Pronotunn and elytra, except distally around
scutellunn, bright yellow. Head without rostrunn.
Vertex with pair of snnall round innpressions behind
antennal pronninence. Eyes snnall, interocular dis¬
tance ca. 1.6 tinnes greater than eye dianneter. La-
brunn transverse, ainnost truncate anteriorly; epis-
tonna concave. Palps slender; ultinnate palponneres
widening and obliquely truncate distally. Antennal
sockets separated by narrow lannina. Antennae at¬
taining to elytral five sixths, fronn antennonnere 3
flabellate; antennonnere 3 ca. 8 tinnes longer than
antennonnere 2 and ca. 1.2 tinnes longer than an¬
tennonnere 4; flabellunn of antennonnere 3 ca. 2.7
tinnes, flabellunn of antennonnere 4 ca. 3.7 tinnes
and flabellunn of antennonnere 5 ca. 4 tinnes longer
than relevant antennal stenn; antennonneres 3-11
with relatively long erect pubescence (Plate 67 fig.
4). Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.6 tinnes as wide as
long, trapezoidal, conspicuously narrowed anterior¬
ly, ainnost straight basally and projected anteriorly
in the nniddle, with acute posterior and rounded an¬
terior angles; nnedian cell narrow, attaining anterior
nnargin; lateral carinae developed, concave; ante¬
rior cells diverging anteriorly, fornned by straight an-
tero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle hooded;
hood pronninent, narrow, long, bent down. Scutel¬
lunn elongate, narrowing distally, deeply ennarginate
at apex (Plate 67 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 3.4 tinnes
longer than wide at hunneri, widening posteriorly,
with four equally developed prinnary costae; all in¬
terstices with double rows of transverse rectangu¬
lar cells; bottonn of cells hairy; pubescence dense,
short and decunnbent (Plate 67 fig. 4). Tibiae and
fennoris straight, relatively broad; tarsonneres 2-4
widened, plantar pad on tarsonneres 1-4, in tarso-
nnere 1 occupying nnore than half its length. Male
aedeagus with straight bullet-shaped nnedian lobe,
its distal constriction long and slightly bent out¬
wards; inner sac with bipod structure; phallobasal
nnennbrane ca. 0.4 length of nnedian lobe (Plate 67
figs 5-6).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus nimbus
sp. nov. is readily differentiated fronn C. nabiren¬
sis sp. nov. of sonnewhat sinnilar coloration by the
broader and nnore narrowed anteriorly pronotunn,
as well as by the longer and bent outwards distal
constriction of the nnedian lobe of the aedeagus
(Plate 67 figs 4-6).
Distribution: Known only fronn Kiriwina Island.
Cladophorus telnovi sp. nov. (Plate 68 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, West Papua, Fak-
Fak peninsula, 12-13 km N Fak-Fak, 02°50’06”S,
132°18’22”E, 880-920 m, primeval mossy mountain
rainforest on limestone, 24.IX.2010, leg. D.Telnov
Pa retypes 2(5' ICM & DTC: same label as in holotype.
378
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
Derivatio nonninis: The new species is nanned
after the collector of its type series, Dr. Dnnitry Tel-
nov (The Entonnological Society of Latvia, Riga).
Description: Length 11.5-15.8 nnnn. Width across
hunneri 2. 5-3. 5 nnnn.
Dark brown. Pedicel and elytral hunneri broadly
testaceous. Head without rostrunn. Vertex with
deep transverse innpression behind antennal
pronninence. Eyes very snnall, interocular distance
ca. 2.3 tinnes greater than eye dianneter. Labrunn
transverse, nnedially ennarginate anteriorly. Palps
slender; ultinnate palponneres elongate, flattened
and oblique at apex. Antennal sockets separated
by nninute lannina. Antennae attaining to elytral five
sixths, fronn antennonnere 3 flabellate; antenno-
nnere 3 ca. 9 tinnes longer than antennonnere 2 and
1.1 tinnes shorter than antennonnere 4; flabellunn of
antennonnere 3 ca. 6.5 tinnes, flabellunn of antenno¬
nnere 4 and 5 ca. 7.3 tinnes longer than relevant an¬
tennal stenn; antennonneres 3-11 with short erect
pubescence (Plate 68 fig. 1). Pronotunn transverse,
ca. 1.4 tinnes as wide as long, trapezoidal, concave
posteriorly and conspicuously senni-circularly pro¬
jected anteriorly, with inconspicuous acute poste¬
rior and broadly rounded anterior angles; nnedian
cell nnoderately broad, reaching anterior nnargin;
lateral carinae conspicuous, ainnost straight; an¬
terior cells slightly diverging anteriorly, fornned by
straight ante ro-l ate ra I carinae. Mesothoracic spira¬
cle hooded; hood long, bent backwards. Scutellunn
elongate, narrowing distally, slightly ennarginate at
apex (Plate 68 fig. 1). Elytra long, ca. 3.9 tinnes lon¬
ger than wide at hunneri, parallel-sided, with four
equally developed prinnary costae; all interstices
with double rows of transverse rectangular cells;
bottonn of cells hairless; pubescence dense, short
and decunnbent (Plate 68 fig. 1). Tibiae and fenno-
ris straight, nnoderately broad; tarsonneres 2-4 wid¬
ened, with developed plantar pad. Male aedeagus
with relatively narrow, slightly widening distally
nnedian lobe, its distal constriction relatively long;
inner sac with bipod structure; phallobasal nnenn-
brane ca. 0.5 length of nnedian lobe (Plate 68 figs
2-3).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus telnovi
sp. nov., sonnewhat resennbling C. scapularis Kle-
ine, 1926 in coloration, is separable by the broader
testaceous patches on elytral hunneri and distinctly
nnore narrow nnedian lobe of the aedeagus (Plate
68 figs 1-3). The species is also separable fronn the
congeners by the relatively very snnall eyes.
Distribution: Known only fronn Onin Peninsula in
Indonesian New Guinea.
Cladophorus weigeli sp. nov. (Plate 68 figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' NME: [E Indonesia], Irian Jaya, Biak, 10 km
N Bosnik, 01°05’S, 136°20’E, UWP, 13.11.1998, A. Wei¬
gel leg.
Derivatio nonninis: The new species is nanned
after the collector of its type specinnen.
Description: Length 6.0 nnnn. Width across hu¬
nneri 1.3 nnnn.
Dark brown to black. Pronotunn, except at bottonn
cells anteriorly and posteriorly, reddish testaceous.
Head without rostrunn. Vertex with deep transverse
innpression behind antennal pronninence. Eyes
snnall, interocular distance ca. 2 tinnes greater than
eye dianneter. Labrunn snnall, transverse, convex an¬
teriorly. Palps slender; ultinnate palponneres snnall,
elongate, pointed and glabrous at apex. Antennal
sockets separated by nninute lannina. Antennae at¬
taining to elytral five sixths, fronn antennonnere 3
flabellate; antennonnere 3 ca. 6 tinnes longer than
antennonnere 2 and 1.2 tinnes shorter than anten¬
nonnere 4; flabellunn of antennonnere 3 ca. 2.3
tinnes, flabellunn of antennonnere 4 ca. 3 tinnes and
flabellunn of antennonnere 5 ca. 3.4 tinnes longer
than relevant antennal stenn; antennonneres 3-11
with short sub-erect pubescence (Plate 68 fig. 4).
Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.3 tinnes as wide as long,
trapezoidal, ainnost straight basally and slightly pro¬
jected anteriorly, with conspicuous acute posterior
and evident blunt anterior angles; nnedian cell nnod¬
erately broad, extending to pronotal 0.7; lateral ca¬
rinae conspicuous, straight; anterior cells diverging
anteriorly, fornned by straight ante ro-l ate ra I carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle hooded; hood snnall, narrow,
bent backwards. Scutellunn transverse, slightly nar¬
rowing distally, noticeably triangularly ennarginate
at apex (Plate 68 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 4.1 tinnes
longer than wide at hunneri, narrowing posteriorly,
with four equally developed prinnary costae; all
interstices with double rows of subrectangular,
nnostly elongate cells; bottonn of cells hairless; pu¬
bescence dense, short and senni-erect (Plate 68
fig. 4). Tibiae and fennoris straight, relatively broad;
tarsonneres 3-4 widened, with developed plantar
pad (tarsonneres 1 and 2 with nninute apical plan¬
tar pad). Male aedeagus with conspicuously convex
and gradually narrowed distally nnedian lobe; inner
sac with scissors-like structure; phallobasal nnenn-
brane short (Plate 68 figs 5-6).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus weigeli sp.
nov. nnay be easily differentiated fronn the sonne¬
what sinnilarly coloured C. avicollarls sp. nov. by the
conspicuously shorter antennal flabellae, roundish
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
cells of elytral reticulation, broader legs and con¬
spicuously convex and gradually narrowed distally
median lobe of the aedeagus with short phallobas-
al membrane (Plate 68 figs 4-6).
Distribution: Known only from Biak Island,
Cenederawasih Bay, Indonesian New Guinea.
Cladophorus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (Plate 69
figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' ICM: [E Indonesia], N Moluccas, Halma-
hera, Talagaranu Mt., 15, SE Baru, 600 m, primeval for¬
est, 22-23.1.1996, Siniaev & Tarasov leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the island where the unique
specimen was collected.
Description: Length 8.0 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 2.0 mm.
Black. Pronotal carinae and margins, elytra at proxi¬
mal third, except around scutellum, and proximal
fourth of hind femoris testaceous. Head without
rostrum. Vertex with fine transverse semi-circular
impression behind antennal prominence. Eyes
relatively large, interocular distance ca. 1.2 times
greater than eye diameter. Labrum transverse,
truncate anteriorly. Palps slender; ultimate pal-
pomeres small, narrow, flattened and glabrous at
apex. Antennal sockets separated by minute lam¬
ina. Antennae attaining to elytral two thirds, from
antennomere 3 flabellate; antennomere 3 ca. 9
times longer than antennomere 2 and ca. 1.3 times
longer than antennomere 4; flabellum of antenno¬
mere 3 ca. 1.5 times shorter than stem, flabellum
of antennomere 4 ca. 4.3 times and flabellum of
antennomere 5 ca. 4.8 times longer than relevant
antennal stem; antennomeres 3-11 with short sub¬
erect pubescence (Plate 69 fig. 1). Pronotum trans¬
verse, ca. 1.4 times as wide as long, trapezoidal,
slightly bisinuate basally and semi-circular anteri¬
orly, with inconspicuous acute posterior and round¬
ed anterior angles; median cell moderately broad,
extending to pronotal 0.8; lateral carinae conspicu¬
ous, slightly concave; anterior cells broad, diverging
anteriorly, formed by straight ante ro-l ate ra I carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle small, hooded; hood minute,
erect. Scutellum transverse, slightly narrowing dis¬
tally, semi-circularly emarginate at apex (Plate 69
fig. 1). Elytra long, ca. 3.5 times longer than wide at
humeri, parallel-sided, with four equally developed
primary costae; all interstices with double rows of
regular subquadrate cells; bottom of cells hairless;
pubescence dense, short and decumbent (Plate 69
fig. 1). Tibiae and femoris straight, relatively broad;
tarsomeres 3-4 widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with plan¬
tar pad. Male aedeagus with straight gradually nar¬
rowed distally and concave in the middle median
lobe; inner sac with scissors-like structure; phallo-
basal membrane very short (Plate 69 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus halmaher¬
aensis sp. nov. may be distinguished from the simi¬
larly coloured C. mancus Kleine, 1926 by the lon¬
ger flabellae of antennomeres 4-5 (Plate 69 fig. 1).
The new species may also be easily differentiated
from all congeners, except C. oblensis sp. nov., by
the conspicuously narrowed distally and concave in
the middle median lobe of the aedeagus, with very
short phallobasal membrane (Plate 69 figs 2-3).
Distribution: Known only from Halmahera, North
Moluccas.
Cladophorus oblensis sp. nov. (Plate 69 figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, North Moluccas, Obi
Islands, S Obira Is., Wayaloar vill., ridge W of Wayaloar
River, 1°42’42”S, 127°37’01”E, primary lowland forest,
17.XII.2013, leg. LWagner.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the island where the unique
specimen was collected.
Description: Length 8.1 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 1.8 mm.
Orange testaceous. Head, antennae, distal elytral
third, tarsi and distal fourths of tibiae and femo¬
ris black. Head without rostrum. Vertex with fine
transverse semi-circular impression behind anten¬
nal prominence. Eyes relatively large, interocular
distance ca. 1.2 times greater than eye diameter.
Labrum transverse, truncate anteriorly. Palps slen¬
der; ultimate palpomeres small, narrow, flattened
and glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets separated
by minute lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral
three fifths, from antennomere 3 flabellate; anten¬
nomere 3 ca. 9 times longer than antennomere
2 and ca. 1.1 times longer than antennomere 4;
flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 1.1 times shorter
than stem, flabellum of antennomere 4 ca. 3.3
times and flabellum of antennomere 5 ca. 4.4
times longer than relevant antennal stem; antenno¬
meres 3-11 with short sub-erect pubescence (Plate
69 fig. 4). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.45 times as
wide as long, trapezoidal, almost straight basally
and semi-circular anteriorly, with laterally projected
acute posterior and rounded anterior angles; me¬
dian cell moderately broad, extending to pronotal
0.7; lateral carinae conspicuous, concave; anterior
cells broad, diverging anteriorly, formed by straight
antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle small.
380
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
hooded; hood nninute, erect. Scutellunn subquad¬
rate, ainnost parallel-sided, triangularly emarginate
at apex (Plate 69 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 3.9 times
longer than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, slightly
narrowing distally, with four equally developed pri¬
mary costae; all interstices with double rows of
regular subquadrate cells; bottom of cells hairless;
pubescence dense, short and decumbent (Plate 69
fig. 4). Tibiae and femoris straight, narrow; tarso-
meres 3-4 widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with plantar
pad. Male aedeagus with straight gradually nar¬
rowed distally and concave in the middle median
lobe; inner sac with scissors-like structure; phallo-
basal membrane very short (Plate 69 figs 5-6).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus obiensis
sp. nov. may be differentiated from the very simi¬
lar C. halmaheraensis sp. nov. by the more narrow
body, orange testaceous pronotum and shorter
black distal elytral portion, shorter flabellum of an-
tennomere 3 and slightly more narrow femurs and
tibiae (Plate 69 fig. 4).
Distribution: Known only from Obi Islands, North
Moluccas.
Cladophorus carbonipennis sp. nov. (Plate 69 figs
7-9)
Holotype 6' ICM: E Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Nabire area,
750 m, 28.V.1995, V. Tuzov leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “charcoal”, allud¬
ing to its coloration.
Description: Length 9.0 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 2.0 mm.
Dark brown to black. Trochanters and bases of fem¬
oris testaceous. Head without rostrum. Vertex with
fine transverse semi-circular impression behind an¬
tennal prominence. Eyes relatively large, interocular
distance ca. 1.1 times greater than eye diameter.
Labrum transverse, triangular and rounded ante¬
riorly. Palps slender; ultimate palpomeres small,
elongate, narrowed, flattened and glabrous at apex.
Antennal sockets separated by minute lamina. An¬
tennae attaining to elytral three fifths, from anten-
nomere 3 flabellate; antennomere 3 ca. 8 times
longer than antennomere 2 and ca. 1.3 times lon¬
ger than antennomere 4; flabellum of antennomere
3 ca. 1.5 times shorter than stem, flabellum of an¬
tennomere 4 ca. 2.7 times and flabellum of anten¬
nomere 5 ca. 7 times longer than relevant antennal
stem; antennomeres 3-11 with short decumbent
pubescence (Plate 69 fig. 7). Pronotum transverse,
ca. 1.4 times as wide as long, bisinuate basally and
semi-circular anteriorly, with concave sides, promi¬
nent acute posterior and conspicuous anterior
angles; carinae prominent; median cell moderately
broad, extending to pronotal 0.7; lateral carinae
feebly concave; anterior cells diverging anteriorly,
formed by straight antero-lateral carinae. Mesotho-
racic spiracle small, hooded; hood small, narrow,
bent backwards. Scutellum transverse, trapezoidal,
truncate at apex (Plate 69 fig. 7). Elytra long, ca.
3.6 times longer than wide at humeri, parallel-sid¬
ed, with four equally developed primary costae; all
interstices with double rows of regular transverse
cells; bottom of cells hairless; pubescence dense,
short and decumbent (Plate 69 fig. 7). Tibiae and
femoris straight, relatively narrow; tarsomeres 3-4
widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with plantar pad. Male
aedeagus with straight gradually widened distally
and constricted before apex median lobe; inner sac
with scissors-like structure; phallobasal membrane
0.3 length of median lobe (Plate 69 figs 8-9).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus carbo¬
nipennis sp. nov. seems to be related to C. halma¬
heraensis sp. nov. and Cladophorus obiensis sp.
nov., but may be differentiated by the uniformly
dark brown to black upperside, shorter flabellum
of antennomere 4 and noticeably different shape
of the median lobe of the aedeagus (Plate 69 figs
7-9).
Distribution: Known only from Nabire area, Indo¬
nesian New Guinea.
Cladophorus tertius sp. nov. (Plate 70 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak Mts., S of Anggi Gigi Lake, env. vill.
Uper, 01°19’09”S, 133°54’07”E, 1890-2100 m, pri¬
mary mid-montane rainforest, 8.IX.2015, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retype 1$ ICM: same label as in holotype.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “third”, alluding to
its yellow testaceous front third.
Description: Length 12.8-12.9 mm. Width across
humeri 2. 6-2. 7 mm.
Dark brown to black. Pedicel, pronotum and elytral
proximal fourth orange testaceous. Head without
rostrum. Vertex with shallow triangular impression
behind antennal prominence. Eyes large, interocu¬
lar distance ca. 1.1 times shorter than eye diam¬
eter. Labrum transverse, rounded anteriorly; epis-
toma triangularly projected forward. Palps slender;
ultimate palpomeres elongate, slightly narrowing
distally, oblique and glabrous at apex. Antennal
sockets separated by narrow lamina. Antennae
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
reaching over elytral two thirds, fronn antennonnere
3 flabellate; antennonnere 3 ca. 6 tinnes longer than
antennonnere 2 and ca. 1.15 tinnes longer than
antennonnere 4; flabellunn of antennonnere 3 sub¬
equal in length to relevant antennal stenn, flabel-
lae of antennonneres 4 and 5 ca. 1.3 tinnes longer
than relevant antennal stenns; antennonneres 3-11
with short senni-erect pubescence (Plate 70 fig.
1). Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.3 tinnes as wide as
long, trapezoidal, bisinuate basally and strongly tri¬
angularly projected anteriorly, with concave sides,
conspicuous acute posterior and pronounced blunt
anterior angles; median cell narrow, extending to
pronotal 0.6; lateral carinae curved, inconspicuous;
anterior cells slightly diverging anteriorly, formed
by straight antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic
spiracle hooded; hood long, narrow, erect, distally
bent backwards. Scutellum transverse, narrow¬
ing distally, profoundly triangularly emarginate at
apex (Plate 70 fig. 1). Elytra long, ca. 4 times longer
than wide at humeri, widening posteriorly, with four
equally developed primary costae; all interstices
with double rows of mostly transverse subrectan-
gular cells; bottom of cells hairless; pubescence
short and decumbent (Plate 70 fig. 1). Tibiae and
femoris straight, narrow; tarsomeres 3-4 widened,
tarsomeres 1-4 with developed plantar pad. Male
aedeagus with straight and narrow median lobe,
its constricted distal portion short and hooked in
lateral view; inner sac with scissors-like structure;
phallobasal membrane very short, ca. 0.1 length of
median lobe (Plate 70 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Similar to male, but eyes
much smaller, antennae simply serrate.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus tertius
nov. resembles C. longicornis M’Leay, 1886 in col¬
oration, but is easily differentiated by the shorter
yellow testaceous part of the elytra; it is also quite
different from all congeners in the shape of the me¬
dian lobe of the aedeagus (Plate 70 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Indonesian New Guinea.
Cladophorus an^iensis sp. nov. (Plate 62 figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak Mts., S of Anggi Gigi Lake, env. vill.
Uper, 01°19’09”S, 133°54’07”E, 1890-2100 m, pri¬
mary mid-montane rainforest, 8.IX.2015, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retype 6' ICM: same label as in holotype
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the name of the locality (Anggi
Gigi Lake), where the type series was collected.
Description: Length 10.4-11.1 mm. Width across
humeri 2. 2-2.3 mm.
Orange testaceous. Antennae, except, antenno-
meres 1-2, abdomen, tibiae distally and tarsi dark
brown to black. Head without rostrum. Vertex with
shallow roundish impression and deeper triangular
excavation behind antennal prominence. Eyes rela¬
tively large, interocular distance subequal in length
to eye diameter. Labrum transverse, rounded ante¬
riorly and feebly emarginate medially; epistoma tri¬
angularly projected forward. Palps slender; ultimate
maxillary palpomere elongate, oblique and glabrous
at apex; ultimate labial palpomere elongate, widen¬
ing distally, dentate and glabrous at apex. Anten¬
nal sockets separated by narrow lamina. Antennae
reaching over elytral two thirds, from antennomere
3 flabellate; antennomere 3 ca. 6 times longer than
antennomere 2 and ca. 1.2 times longer than an¬
tennomere 4; flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 1.8
times shorter than relevant antennal stem, flabel-
lae of antennomeres 4 and 5 subequal in length
to relevant antennal stems; antennomeres 3-11
with short semi-erect pubescence (Plate 70 fig.
4). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide as
long, trapezoidal, bisinuate basally and triangularly
projected anteriorly, with conspicuous acute poste¬
rior and prominent blunt anterior angles; median
cell narrow, extending to pronotal 0.75; lateral ca¬
rinae almost straight, conspicuous; anterior cells
not diverging anteriorly, formed by straight antero¬
lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle hooded;
hood narrow, erect. Scutellum transverse, parallel¬
sided, profoundly semi-circularly emarginate at
apex (Plate 70 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 4 times lon¬
ger than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with four
equally developed primary costae; all interstices
with double rows of small regular subquadrate
cells; bottom of cells hairless; pubescence dense,
short and decumbent (Plate 70 fig. 4). Tibiae and
femoris straight, narrow; tarsomeres 2-4 widened,
tarsomeres 1-4 with developed plantar pad. Male
aedeagus with straight, proximally and distally nar¬
rowed median lobe, its constricted distal portion
short and rounded in lateral view; inner sac with
scissors-like structure; phallobasal membrane ca.
0.25 length of median lobe (Plate 70 figs 5-6).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus anggien-
sis sp. nov. is easily separable from the similarly
coloured congeners by the relatively short male an¬
tennal flabellae, pronotal shape and scissors-like
inner sac structure of the median lobe of the ae¬
deagus (Plate 70 figs 4-6).
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Indonesian New Guinea.
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
Cladophorus pusspenssatensis sp. nov. (Plate 70
figs 7-9)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, Irian Jaya, 50 km S
Nabire, Pusspenssat, 13.1.1997, A. Weigel leg.
Pa retype 1$ ICM: E Indonesia, Irian Jaya, 50 km S
Nabire, Pusspenssat, 750 m, 31.XII.1997, A. Weigel leg.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the locality where the type se¬
ries was collected.
Description: Length 14.8-15.3 nnnn. Width across
hunneri 3. 2-3. 4 nnnn.
Orange testaceous. Antennae, except antennonnere
1 at base and antennonnere 2, elytra distally, tibiae
distally, tarsi and abdonnen dark brown to black.
Head without rostrunn. Vertex with pronninent trans¬
verse innpression behind antennal pronninence.
Eyes nnoderately large, interocular distance sub¬
equal in length to eye dianneter. Labrunn transverse,
convex anteriorly; epistonna convex. Palps slender;
ultinnate palponneres elongate, narrow, relatively
snnall, obliquely narrowed and glabrous at apex.
Antennal sockets separated by narrow lannina. An¬
tennae attaining to elytral two thirds, from antenno-
mere 3 flabellate; antennomere 3 ca. 9 times longer
than antennomere 2 and ca. 1.2 times longer than
antennomere 4; flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 2
times shorter, flabellum of antennomere 4 ca. 1.1
times shorter and flabellum of antennomere 5 ca.
1.1 times longer than relevant antennal stem; an-
tennomeres 3-11 with short sub-erect pubescence
(Plate 70 fig. 7). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.2 times
as wide as long, feebly bisinuate basally and con¬
vex anteriorly, with almost parallel sides, small lat¬
erally projected acute posterior and rounded blunt
anterior angles; median cell narrow, extending to
pronotal 0.65; lateral carinae inconspicuous near
sides and medially; anterior cells narrow, diverging
anteriorly, formed by obliterate near anterior margin
antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle small,
hooded; hood small, bent backwards. Scutellum
transverse, short, trapezoidal, broadly emarginate
at apex (Plate 70 fig. 7). Elytra long, ca. 3.8 times
longer than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with
four equally developed primary costae; all inter¬
stices with double rows of small regular transverse
cells; bottom of cells hairless; pubescence dense,
short and decumbent (Plate 70 fig. 7). Tibiae and
femoris straight, narrow; tarsomeres 2-4 widened,
plantar pad on tarsomeres 1-4, in tarsomere 1 oc¬
cupying more than half its length. Male aedeagus
with straight gradually narrowed distally median
lobe, flattened and curved at apex; inner sac with
scissors-like structure; phallobasal membrane ca.
0.5 length of median lobe (Plate 70 figs 8-9).
Sexual dimorphism: Female similar to male, but
somewhat broader, eyes somewhat smaller and an¬
tennae serrate.
Differential diagnosis: Cladophorus pusspens¬
satensis sp. nov. is easily separated from most
Cladophorus species by the short male antennal
flabellae; it is distinguishable from the above de¬
scribed C. angglensis sp. nov. and C. tertius sp. nov.
by, also with short flabellae, by the coloration and
the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus; on
the other hand, it may be differentiated from the
similarly coloured C. holynskll sp. nov. by the uni¬
formly testaceous femoris, more elongate prono¬
tum with much more narrow median cell and scarc¬
er elytral pubescence, as well as by the straight and
more narrow median lobe of the aedeagus (Plate
70 figs 7-9).
Distribution: Known only from Indonesian New
Guinea.
Pseudodontocerus Pic, 1921
Pseudodontocerus Pic, 1921: 12.
Type species: Pseudodontocerus pulcher Pic,
1921, by monotypy.
= Carathrix Kleine, 1926: 149.
Type species: Carathrix pllosus Kleine, 1926:
149, original designation.
Notes: Only two species of Pseudodontocerus Pic,
1921 have so far been described (Pic 1921; Kle¬
ine 1926; Bocak 2002). The genus may be distin¬
guished from other metriorrhynchines by the long
narrow flabellae stemming from the bases of rel¬
evant antennomeres and flabellate female anten¬
nae.
Distribution: Confined to New Guinea.
Pseudodontocerus fuscatus (Waterhouse, 1879)
comb. nov. (Plate 71 figs 1-3)
Cladophorus fuscatus Waterhouse, 1879: 64.
Material ca. 600 6' 6' & $$ ICM and ISNB: Papua New
Guinea, Madang prov., Baiteta, light, 0. Missa leg., dates:
18.111.1993 to 19.V.1993; 16.IV.1994; from 23.IV.1995
to 2.VII.1995; from 9.IV.1996 to 27.VII.1996.
Notes: Pseudodontocerus fuscatus seems to be a
very common lycid species, at least in some areas
in New Guinea, with several hundred specimens
collected Just at one site in Madang Province (the
overwhelming majority being males). Although the
antennal flabellae of this species are not as long as
those of typical Pseudodontocerus (e.g., Plate 11,
figs 1, 4) and the aedeagal structure is more remi-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
niscent of typical Cladophorus (e.g., Plate 1, figs
2-3, 5-6), the way its relatively longflabellae are at¬
tached to antennal stenns (i.e., at their bases, Plate
10, fig. 1) suggests it is in the internnediate position
between the two genera. Therefore, as the easier
observable character (the way flabellae are at¬
tached to antennal stenns) is also supported by the
long erect antennal pubescence, which nnay prove
to be another autaponnorphy of the genus, the spe¬
cies is tentatively transferred to Pseudodontocerus,
pending a connprehensive analysis of this lineage
of net-winged beetles based on nnore representa¬
tive selection of taxa.
Distribution: New Guinea.
Pseudodontocerus gigilacus sp. nov. (Plate 71 figs
4-6)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak Mts., S of Anggi Gigi Lake, 2-2.5 knn
NNE vill. Uper, 01°17’10”S, 133°54’18”E, 1900-2480
m, prinnary nnid-nnontane rainforest, beaten, 9.IX.2015,
leg. D.Telnov.
Pa raty pe 16' ICM: E Indonesia, W New Guinea, Doberai
Peninsula, Arfak Mts., S of Anggi Gigi Lake, env vill. Uper,
01°18’05”S, 133°54’24”E, 2200 m, edge of primary
mid-montane rainforest, white light, 9-10.IX.2015 and
10-11.IX.2015, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the locality where the type
specinnen was collected and the Latin for “lake”.
Description: Length 8.8-10.8 nnnn. Width across
hunneri 2. 0-2.1 nnnn.
Testaceous. Antennae, except antennonnere 2, la-
brunn, palps, nnetaventrite, abdonnen, fennurs and
tibiae, except at base, and tarsi, except ternninal
tarsonnere, dark brown. Head without rostrunn. Ver¬
tex with pronninent shallow roundish behind anten¬
nal pronninence and conspicuous nnedian carina.
Eyes relatively large, interocular distance ca. 1.2
tinnes shorter than eye dianneter. Labrunn relatively
large, transverse, slightly convex anteriorly. Maxil¬
lary palps relatively long; ultinnate palponnere elon¬
gate, ainnost parallel-sided and oblique distally,
glabrous at apex. Labial palps very short; ultinnate
palponnere broad, pointed and glabrous at apex. An¬
tennal sockets separated by narrow lannina. Anten¬
nae attaining to elytral three fourths, fronn anten¬
nonnere 3 flabellate; antennonnere 3 ca. 10 tinnes
longer than antennonnere 2 and 1.1 tinnes longer
than antennonnere 4; flabellae gradually transfornn-
ing fronn arising fronn base of stenn in antennonnere
3 to arising fronn apex of stenn in antennonnere
10; flabellunn of antennonnere 3 ca. 1.9 tinnes and
flabellae of antennonneres 4 and 5 ca. 2.2 tinnes
longer than relevant antennal stenn; antennonneres
3-11 with relatively long erect pubescence (Plate 71
fig. 4). Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.15 tinnes as wide
as long, bisinuate basally and triangularly projected
anteriorly, with slightly concave sides, snnall acute
posterior and conspicuous blunt anterior angles;
nnedian cell relatively broad, reaching pronotal 0.6;
lateral carinae curved; anterior cells not diverging
anteriorly, straight antero-lateral carinae inconspic¬
uous in anterior third. Mesothoracic spiracle short,
hooded; hood narrow, erect. Scutellunn transverse,
short, conspicuously senni-circularly ennarginate at
apex (Plate 71 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 4.1 tinnes lon¬
ger than wide at hunneri, parallel-sided, with four
equally developed prinnary costae; all interstices
with double rows of regular subquadrate cells; bot-
tonn of cells nnostly hairless; pubescence scarce,
short and decunnbent (Plate 71 fig. 4). Tibiae and
fennoris straight, fennoris nnoderately broad, tibiae
narrow; tarsonneres 3-4 widened, tarsonneres 1-4
with plantar pad. Male aedeagus with noticeably
widening distally and concave in lateral view nnedi¬
an lobe; inner sac with scissors-like structure, rings
of “scissors” ainnost at one level; phallobasal nnenn-
brane relatively short, ca. 0.4 length of nnedian lobe
(Plate 71 figs 5-6).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Pseudodontocerus gigi¬
lacus sp. nov. is readily separated fronn all conge¬
ners by the unifornniy testaceous upperside and
antennal structure, with flabellae gradually trans-
fornning fronn arising fronn the base of stenn in an¬
tennonnere 3 to arising fronn the apex of stenn in
antennonnere 10, as well as by the noticeably wid¬
ening distally and concave in lateral view nnedian
lobe of the aedeagus (Plate 71 figs 4-6).
Distribution: Known only fronn the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Indonesian New Guinea.
Pseudodontocerus hilaris sp. nov. (Plate 72 figs
1-3)
Holotype (6 ICM: Papua New Guinea, 10 km N Madang,
2 km NNW Riwo, 9-10.11.1989, M. & R. Holyhski leg.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Latin for “cheerful”, allud¬
ing to its coloration.
Description: Length 10.2 nnnn. Width across hu¬
nneri 2.2 nnnn.
Yellow testaceous. Antennae, anterior third prono¬
tunn nnedially and elytra, except band in the nnid-
dle fifth, dark brown. Head without rostrunn. Ver¬
tex with transverse innpression behind antennal
pronninence and deep nnedian groove between an-
384
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
tennal tubercles. Eyes snnall, interocular distance
ca. 1.4 times greater than eye diameter. Labrum
transverse, truncate anteriorly. Maxillary palps
relatively long; ultimate palpomere elongate, con¬
spicuously widened and oblique distally, glabrous
at inner edge. Labial palps slender; ultimate pal¬
pomere elongate, oblique, glabrous and dentate at
inner edge. Antennal sockets separated by minute
lamina. Antennae nearly attaining to elytral apices,
from antennomere 3 flabellate; antennomere 3 ca.
7 times longer than antennomere 2 and 1.4 times
shorter than antennomere 4; flabellum of antenno¬
mere 3 ca. 5.75 times, flabellum of antennomere 4
ca. 7.5 times and flabellum of antennomere 5 ca. 8
times longer than relevant antennal stem; antenno-
meres 3-11 with relatively long erect pubescence
(Plate 72 fig. 1). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.2 times
as wide as long, bisinuate basally and triangularly
projected anteriorly, with straight sides, inconspicu¬
ous acute posterior and conspicuous acute anterior
angles; median cell relatively broad, reaching an¬
terior margin; lateral carinae smoothed, concave;
anterior cells diverging anteriorly, antero-lateral ca¬
rinae obliterate in anterior half. Mesothoracic spir¬
acle short, hooded; hood minute, directed down¬
wards. Scutellum transverse, narrowing distally,
semi-circularly emarginate at apex (Plate 72 fig.
1). Elytra long, ca. 3.75 times longer than wide at
humeri, parallel-sided, with four equally developed
primary costae; all interstices with double rows of
regular subquadrate cells; bottom of cells hairless;
pubescence scarce, relatively long and semi-erect
(Plate 72 fig. 1). Tibiae and femoris straight, femo-
ris moderately broad, tibiae narrow; tarsomeres
3-4 widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with plantar pad.
Male aedeagus with straight, triangularly narrowed
distally and slightly outwardly bent at apex median
lobe; inner sac with scissors-like structure, rings of
“scissors” at different level; phallobasal membrane
robust, leathery, ca. 0.5 length of median lobe
(Plate 72 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Pseudodontocerus hi-
laris sp. nov. is readily separated from P. pulcher
Pic, 1921 and other congeners by the coloration
with broad yellow band on the dark brown elytra, as
well as by the relatively broad, straight and triangu¬
larly narrowed distally median lobe of the aedeagus
(Plate 72 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Pseudodontocerus incultus sp. nov. (Plate 72 figs
4-6)
Holotype 6' ICM: E Papua New Guinea, Morose Pr.,
Wau: Ecol. Inst., 1200 m, at light, 1-2.XII.1988, R.
Holyhski leg.
Pa retype $ ICM: same label as in holotype.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “untidy”, alluding
to its long antennal flabellae.
Description: Length 11.2-12.8 mm. Width across
humeri 2. 2-2. 8 mm.
Black. Metaventrite, abdominal ventrites 1-3, meta¬
coxae, metatrochanters and proximal half of hind
femoris bright orange testaceous. Head without
rostrum. Vertex with transverse impression behind
antennal prominence, without groove between an¬
tennal tubercles. Eyes small, interocular distance
ca. 1.7 times greater than eye diameter. Labrum
transverse, convex, emarginate anteriorly. Maxil¬
lary palps relatively long; ultimate palpomere elon¬
gate, conspicuously widened and oblique distally,
glabrous at inner edge. Labial palps slender; ulti¬
mate palpomere elongate, oblique, glabrous and
dentate at inner edge. Antennal sockets separated
by narrow lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral sev¬
en eighths, from antennomere 3 flabellate; anten¬
nomere 3 ca. 7 times longer than antennomere 2
and subequal in length to antennomere 4; flabellae
of antennomeres 3-5 ca. 7 times longer than rele¬
vant antennal stems; antennomeres 3-11 with long
erect pubescence (Plate 72 fig. 4). Pronotum trans¬
verse, ca. 1.4 times as wide as long, almost straight
basally and semi-triangularly projected anteriorly,
with almost parallel sides, projected laterally acute
posterior and rounded anterior angles; median cell
narrow, reaching anterior margin; lateral carinae
obsolete near median cell, concave; antero-later¬
al carinae obsolete. Mesothoracic spiracle large,
short, not hooded. Scutellum transverse, narrowing
distally, slightly semi-circularly emarginate at apex
(Plate 72 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 4.1 times longer
than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, dehiscent dis-
tad of proximal two fifths, with four equally devel¬
oped primary costae; all interstices with double
rows of regular subquadrate cells; bottom of cells
hairless; pubescence moderately dense, relatively
long and erect (Plate 72 fig. 4). Tibiae and femoris
straight, narrow; tarsomeres 3-4 widened, tarso¬
meres 1-4 with plantar pad. Male aedeagus with
narrow (in lateral view), noticeably curved and con¬
stricted distally median lobe; inner sac with scis-
sors-like structure, rings of “scissors” at one level;
phallobasal membrane ca. 0.4 length of median
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
lobe (Plate 72 figs 5-6).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennalesinnilarto nnale, but
sonnewhat broader, with shorter antennal flabellae,
e.g., flabellunn of antennonnere 3 only ca. 2.7 tinnes
longer than antennal stenn.
Differential diagnosis: Pseudodontocerus in-
cultus sp. nov. nnay be distinguished fronn P. pilosus
(Kleine, 1926) by the unifornniy black elytra, as well
as by the narrow, curiously curved and constricted
distally nnedian lobe of the aedeagus (Plate 72 figs
4-6).
Distribution: Known only fronn Wau, Papua New
Guinea.
Pseudodontocerus maculihumeralis sp. nov.
(Plate 73 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 18.11.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 2(5' & 1$ ICM & ISNB: sanne label as in ho¬
lotype, but: 16.V.1996; 20.V.1996; 5.VI.1996.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Latin for “with a spot on the
shoulder”, alluding to its coloration.
Description: Length 6. 4-7.1 nnnn. Width across
hunneri 1.6-1.7 nnnn.
Dark brown. Pronotal nnargin narrowly, elytral hu¬
nneri, trochanters and bases of fennoris testaceous.
Head without rostrunn. Vertex with two deep round
innpressions behind antennal pronninence, without
nnedian groove between antennal tubercles. Eyes
relatively large, interocular distance ca. 1.1 tinnes
greater than eye dianneter. Labrunn transverse,
slightly ennarginate anteriorly. Maxillary palps slen¬
der; ultinnate palponnere elongate, narrow, slightly
narrowed and oblique distally. Labial palps snnall;
ultinnate palponnere globular, glabrous and point¬
ed distally. Antennal sockets separated by narrow
lannina. Antennae attaining to elytral three fourths,
fronn antennonnere 3 flabellate; antennonnere 3 ca.
8 tinnes longer than antennonnere 2 and subequal
in length to antennonnere 4; flabellunn of antenno¬
nnere 3 ca. 1.4 tinnes, flabellunn of antennonnere 4
ca. 1.7 tinnes and flabellunn of antennonnere 5 ca.
1.8 tinnes longer than relevant antennal stenn; an-
tennonneres 3-11 with short sub-erect pubescence
(Plate 73 fig. 1). Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.3 tinnes
as wide as long, bisinuate basally and senni-trian-
gularly projected anteriorly, with strongly concave
sides, conspicuous acute posterior and evident
blunt anterior angles; nnedian cell relatively broad,
extending to pronotal 0.8; lateral carinae conspicu¬
ous, concave; anterior cells diverging anteriorly,
fornned by straight a ntero- lateral carinae. Meso-
thoracic spiracle snnall, hooded; hood long, narrow,
bent backwards. Scutellunn snnall, elongate, paral¬
lel-sided, triangularly ennarginate at apex (Plate 73
fig. 1). Elytra nnoderately long, ca. 3 tinnes longer
than wide at hunneri, parallel-sided, with four equal¬
ly developed prinnary costae; all interstices with
double rows of nnostly elongate cells; bottonn of cells
hairless; pubescence scarce, short and decunnbent
(Plate 73 fig. 1). Tibiae and fennoris straight, nnod¬
erately broad; tarsonneres 3-4 widened, tarsonneres
1- 4 with plantar pad. Male aedeagus with straight,
relatively broad and slightly outwardly bent at apex
nnedian lobe; inner sac with scissors-like structure,
rings of “scissors” at one level; phallobasal nnenn-
brane ca. 0.35 length of nnedian lobe (Plate 73 figs
2- 3).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale sinnilar to nnale, but
eyes snnaller and antennae sinnply dentate.
Differential diagnosis: Pseudodontocerus
maculihumeralis sp. nov. is readily separated fronn
congeners by the shorter antennal flabellae, rufous
hunneri and straight, relatively broad nnedian lobe
of the aedeagus (Plate 73 figs 2-3).
Notes: The dentate fennale antennae in P macu-
llhumeralls sp. nov. are quite different fronn other
species of the genus where fennales are known. Af¬
ter a re-analysis of this group of net-winged beetles
this species nnay prove to be not congeneric with
the other nnenn be rs of Pseudodontocerus.
Distribution: Known only fronn Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Pseudodontocerus variicornis sp. nov. (Plate 73
figs 4-6)
Holotype S' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 15.V.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 75 SS- sanne label, dates: 21.IV.1993;
23.IV.1993; 16.IV.1994; 7.VI.1995; 15.VII.1995;
18.111.1996; IV.1996; 8.IV.1996; 9.IV.1996; 11.IV.1996;
13.IV.1996; 22.IV.1996; 1.V.1996; 4.V.1996; 14.V.1996;
15.V.1996; 16.V.1996; 23.V.1996; 29.V.1996;
30.V.1996; 3.VI.1996; 4.VI.1996; 5.VI.1996; 12.VI.1996;
15.VI.1996; 18.VI.1996; 24.VI.1996; 25.VI.1996;
10.VII.1996; 15.VII.1996; 17.VII.1996; 18.VII.1996;
23.VII.1996; 27.VII.1996 (ICM and ISNB); iS NME: In¬
donesia, Irian Jaya, Nabire, 50 knn S Flaga, road Pusp-
penssat, 3°29’53”S, 135°43’83”E, 18.11.1998, Weigel
leg.; 1(5' DTC: E Indonesia, West Papua, Fak-Fak penin¬
sula, 5-7 km N Fak-Fak, 02°53’26”S, 132°18’22”E,
300-400 m, primeval lowland rainforest on limestone,
25.IX.2010, leg. M.Kalnins.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Latin for “with various an¬
tennae”, alluding to the variability of its antennal
386
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
flabellae.
Description: Length 4. 8-7.2 nnnn. Width across
humeri 1.0-1.6 mm.
Dark brown to black. Antennomere 2 and poste¬
rior half of pronotum light brown; trochanters and
proximal half of femoris testaceous. Head without
rostrum. Vertex with two small deep round impres¬
sions behind antennal prominence. Eyes large, in¬
terocular distance subequal in length to eye diame¬
ter. Labrum transverse, convex anteriorly. Maxillary
palps slender; ultimate palpomere elongate, nar¬
row, slightly narrowed and oblique distally. Labial
palps small; ultimate palpomere globular, glabrous
and pointed distally. Antennal sockets separated by
narrow lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral three
fourths, from antennomere 3 flabellate; antenno¬
mere 3 ca. 6 times longer than antennomere 2 and
subequal in length to antennomere 4; flabellum of
antennomere 3 ca. 1.5 times, flabellum of anten¬
nomere 4 ca. 2.2 times and flabellum of antenno¬
mere 5 ca. 2.3 times longer than relevant anten¬
nal stem; antennomeres 3-11 with short sub-erect
pubescence (Plate 73 fig. 4). Pronotum transverse,
ca. 1.2 times as wide as long, slightly bisinuate
basally and semi-triangularly projected anteriorly,
with parallel sides, inconspicuous acute posterior
and blunt anterior angles; median cell narrow, ex¬
tending to pronotal 0.7; lateral carinae straight;
anterior cells slightly diverging anteriorly, formed
by straight antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic
spiracle small, hooded; hood relatively long, nar¬
row, bent backwards. Scutellum transverse, slightly
narrowing distally, deeply semi-circularly emargin-
ate at apex (Plate 73 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 3.4
times longer than wide at humeri, parallel-sided,
with four equally developed primary costae; all in¬
terstices with double rows of irregular subquadrate
cells; bottom of cells hairless; pubescence scarce,
short and decumbent (Plate 73 fig. 4). Tibiae and
femoris straight, moderately broad; tarsomeres 3-4
widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with plantar pad. Male
aedeagus with straight, moderately broad and tri¬
angularly narrowed distally median lobe; inner sac
with scissors-like structure, rings of “scissors” at
one level; phallobasal membrane ca. 0.4 length of
median lobe (Plate 73 figs 5-6).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Pseudodontocerus vari-
icornis sp. nov. is readily distinguished from the
somewhat similar P. maculihumeralis sp. nov. by
the uniformly dark brown elytra, conspicuously con¬
cave pronotal sides, as well as by the more acute
and not outwardly bent at apex median lobe of the
aedeagus (Plate 73 figs 4-6).
Variation. In some of the paratypes the flabellum
of antennomere 3 is noticeably shorter than in the
holotype, only from 1.1 to 1.2 times longer than
stem; besides, in some paratypes the body is en¬
tirely dark brown to black.
Distribution: Indonesian New Guinea and
Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Pseudodontocerus villosus sp. nov. (Plate 73 figs
7-10)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 18.VII.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “hairy”, alluding to
its elytral pubescence.
Description: Length 6.0 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 1.4 mm.
Orange testaceous. Head, antennae, except bases
of antennomeres 1 and 2, elytra, except at shoul¬
ders and at proximal scutellar triangle, abdomen,
femoris distally, tibiae and tarsi dark brown to
black. Head without rostrum. Vertex with round¬
ish impression behind antennal prominence. Eyes
moderately large, interocular distance subequal in
length to eye diameter. Labrum small, transverse,
slightly emarginate anteriorly. Palps slender; ulti¬
mate palpomeres elongate, narrow, almost parallel¬
sided, oblique distally. Antennal sockets separated
by narrow lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral
two thirds, from antennomere 3 flabellate; anten¬
nomere 3 ca. 6 times longer than antennomere
2 and ca. 1.2 times longer than antennomere 4;
flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 1.2 times shorter
than relevant antennal stem, flabellae of antenno¬
meres 4 and 5 ca. 1.3 times longer than relevant
antennal stem; antennomeres 3-11 with short sub¬
erect pubescence (Plate 73 fig. 4). Pronotum trans¬
verse, ca. 1.3 times as wide as long, bisinuate ba¬
sally and slightly convex anteriorly, with noticeably
concave sides, conspicuous acute posterior and
blunt rounded anterior angles; median cell broad,
extending to pronotal 0.65; lateral carinae incon¬
spicuous, slightly curved; antero-lateral carinae ob¬
solete. Mesothoracic spiracle small, hooded; hood
dorsal, erect, minute. Scutellum transverse, slightly
narrowing distally, triangularly emarginate at apex
(Plate 73 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 3.3 times longer
than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with four equal¬
ly developed primary costae; all interstices with
double rows of small roundish cells; bottom of cells
hairless; pubescence dense, short and semi-erect
(Plate 73 fig. 4). Tibiae and femoris straight, rela¬
tively broad; tarsomeres 3-4 widened, tarsomeres
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
1-4 with developed plantar pad. Male aedeagus
with curved, robust, rounded distally median lobe;
inner sac with scissors-like structure, rings of “scis¬
sors” at one level, inner sac elongate sclerotized
structure straight in lateral view; phallobasal mem¬
brane ca. 0.3 length of median lobe (Plate 73 figs
9-10).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Pseudodontocerus vil-
losus sp. nov. is readily distinguished from the
congeners by the mostly orange testaceous body,
broad and short pronotal median cell, absent an-
tero-lateral pronotal carinae, relatively long and
dense elytral pubescence, as well as by the curved
robust median lobe of the aedeagus with straight in
lateral view inner sac elongate sclerotized structure
(Plate 73 figs 7-10).
Distribution: Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Cautires Waterhouse, 1879
Cautires Waterhouse, 1879: 36.
Type species: Cautires excel lens Waterhouse,
1878, designated by Bourgeois, 1891.
Notes: Several hundred species are listed in the
genus Cautires Waterhouse, 1879, with many more
still undescribed. Several dozen Cautires species
have been reported from New Guinea and adjacent
islands (e.g., Kleine 1926, 1933).
It seems quite probable that Cautires actually
represents a polyphyletic taxon, with inclusion of
species from current (also possibly polyphyletic)
Cladophorus Guerin-Meneville, 1830, Xylobanus
Waterhouse, 1879 and related genera. The actual
phylogeny of this lineage of net-winged beetles is
in apparent need of examination on the basis of a
comprehensive phylogenetic analysis.
Distribution: Along with Xylobanus Waterhouse,
1879, Cautires is one of the two most widespread
metriorrhynchine genera. Distributed in East Pa-
laearctic. Oriental, Afrotropical and Papuan regions
(Kleine 1933).
Cautires brunneus sp. nov. (Plate 74 fig. 1-3)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 16.V.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 116' ICM & ISNB: same label as in holo¬
type, but 16.IV.1994; 9.IV.1996; 11.IV.1996; 13.V.1996;
20.V.1996; 23.V.1996; 25.VI.1996; 3.VII.1996;
11.VII.1996; 18.VII.1996; 27.VII.1996.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “brown”, alluding
to its coloration.
Description: Length 7.6-8. 6 mm. Width across
humeri 1.7-1.9 mm.
Dark brown to black. Breast, narrow spots on elytra
near scutellum, coxae, trochanters and proximal
half of femoris testaceous. Head without rostrum.
Vertex with transverse impression and narrow
median keel behind antennal prominence. Eyes
relatively large, interocular distance ca. 1.1 times
shorter than eye diameter. Labrum small, trans¬
verse, rounded anteriorly; epistoma convex. Palps
slender; ultimate palpomeres elongate, narrowed
distally. Antennal sockets separated by relatively
narrow trapezoidal lamina. Antennae attaining to
elytral two thirds, from antennomere 3 flabellate;
antennomere 3 ca. 5 times longer than antenno¬
mere 2 and subequal in length to antennomere 4;
flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 1.6 times, flabel-
lum of antennomere 4 ca. 2.3 times and flabel¬
lum of antennomere 5 ca. 2.8 times longer than
relevant antennal stem; antennomeres 3-11 with
long scarce erect pubescence (Plate 74 fig. 1). Pro-
notum slightly transverse, ca. 1.1 times as wide as
long, slightly bisinuate basally and convex anteri¬
orly and triangularly projected forward anteriorly,
with conspicuously concave sides, acute posterior
and rounded anterior angles; median cell narrow,
attaining to 0.7 pronotal length; lateral carinae
conspicuous, curved; anterior cells diverging ante¬
riorly, formed by slightly concave antero-lateral ca¬
rinae. Mesothoracic spiracle small, hooded; hood
minute, erect. Scutellum transverse, parallel-sided,
triangularly emarginate at apex (Plate 74 fig. 1). Ely¬
tra long, ca. 3.3 times longer than wide at humeri,
parallel-sided, with four equally developed primary
costae, not surpassing much secondary costae in
stoutness; interstices with double rows of regular,
mostly elongate cells; dense, short and decumbent
(Plate 74 fig. 1). Tibiae and femoris straight, rela¬
tively broad; tarsomeres 3-4 widened, tarsomeres
1-4 with plantar pad. Male aedeagus with straight,
sharpened distally and widened medially in lateral
view median lobe; distal opening occupying ca. 0.4
length of median lobe; inner sac with scissors-like
structure, paired median thorns and protruding
oval distal part; phallobasal membrane attaining to
ca. 0.3 of median lobe (Plate 74 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cautires brunneus sp.
nov. is apparently close to C. mimicus Kleine, 1926,
known by one specimen from Haveri (Kleine 1926),
separable by the light brown streak on elytral base
and male genital structure: the median lobe is
somewhat less widened medially and not outwardly
bent distally in lateral view (Plate 74 figs 1-3).
388
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
Distribution: Known only fronn Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Cautires dituaoides sp. nov. (Plate 74 fig. 4-6)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 9.IV.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 36' ICM & ISNB: same label as in holotype,
but 9.IV.1996; 13.V.1996; 12.VI.1996.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new species
is derived fronn the genus nanne Ditua Waterhouse,
1879, alluding to thesinnilarity of its coloration and,
to sonne extent, pronotal structure to those of the
nnentioned genus.
Description: Length 6. 6-8. 8 nnm. Width across
hunneri 1.7-2. 2 mm.
Orange testaceous. Head, antennae, except sca-
pus basally and pedicel, pronotum, except at mar¬
gins, elytral distal third, abdomen, except ultimate
sternite, black; femoris distally and tibiae brown.
Head without rostrum. Vertex with two deep oblique
impressions behind antennal prominence. Eyes
small, interocular distance ca. 1.7 times greater
than eye diameter. Labrum large, transverse, wid¬
ening and rounded anteriorly, slightly emargin-
ate medially. Palps slender; ultimate palpomeres
elongate, pointed and glabrous at apex. Antennal
sockets separated by narrow lamina. Antennae at¬
taining to elytral three fourths, from antennomere 3
strongly serrate; antennomere 3 ca. 5 times longer
than antennomere 2 and subequal in length to an¬
tennomere 4; antennomeres 3-11 with short dense
decumbent pubescence (Plate 74 fig. 4). Pronotum
transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide as long, almost
parallel-sided, slightly bisinuate basally and con¬
vex anteriorly, with slightly concave sides, acute
posterior and rounded anterior angles; median cell
broad, almost attaining anterior margin; lateral ca-
rinae conspicuous, almost straight; anterior cells
not diverging anteriorly, formed by straight antero¬
lateral carinae, weakened near anterior margin.
Mesothoracic spiracle small, hooded; hood narrow,
erect. Scutellum transverse, slightly narrowing dis¬
tally, triangularly emarginate at apex (Plate 74 fig.
4). Elytra long, ca. 3.4 times longer than wide at
humeri, slightly narrowing distally, with four equally
developed primary costae; interstices with double
rows of small transverse cells; bottom of cells hair¬
less; pubescence dense, short and decumbent
(Plate 74 fig. 4). Tibiae and femoris straight, rela¬
tively broad; tarsomeres 2-4 widened, tarsomeres
1-4 with plantar pad. Male aedeagus with relatively
stout, gradually widened distally and conspicuously
curved in lateral view median lobe; inner sac with
paired elongate distal structure and outwardly pro¬
jected spine distally; phallobasal membrane stout,
semi-sclerotized, attaining to half of median lobe
(Plate 74 figs 5-6).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cautires dituaoides
sp. nov. can be separated from congeners by the
combination of coloration, pointed ultimate pal¬
pomeres, serrate male antennae and broad and
almost reaching anterior margin median pronotal
cell, as well as by the long and semi-sclerotized
phallobasal membrane of the aedeagus (Plate 74
figs 4-6). It resembles in coloration Ditua dichroma
(Boisduval, 1835), from which it differs by the ab¬
sent spine on the ultimate sternite, as well as by
the different type of the aedeagus.
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Cautires eniclasoides sp. nov. (Plate 74 fig. 7-9)
Holotype $ NME: Indonesia, Irian Jaya, 50 km S
Nabire, llaga road, Pusppensaat Station, 3°29.5’S,
135°43.8’E, 300 m, VIII-IX.1991, P. Hoyes leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the genus name Eniciases
Waterhouse, 1879, alluding to the similarity of its
pronotal structure to that of Eniciases.
Description: Length 8.0 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 1.7 mm.
Uniformly black. Head without rostrum. Vertex with
shallow transverse impression behind antennal
prominence. Eyes small, interocular distance ca.
1.6 times greater than eye diameter. Labrum small,
transverse. Maxillary palps short and stout; ulti¬
mate palpomeres slightly longer than wide, almost
parallel-sided, oblique distally. Antennal sockets
separated by narrow lamina. Antennae attaining to
elytral three fifths, flattened, serrate; antennomere
3 ca. 9 times longer than antennomere 2 and sub¬
equal in length to antennomere 4; antennomeres
3-11 with short sub-erect pubescence (Plate 74
figs 7). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide
as long, trapezoidal, slightly bisinuate basally and
almost truncate anteriorly, with slightly concave
sides, conspicuous acute posterior and evident
blunt anterior angles; median cell narrow, diamond¬
shaped, extending to pronotal 0.7; lateral carinae
inconspicuous; anterior cells strongly diverging an¬
teriorly, formed by straight a ntero- lateral carinae,
triangular proximally (Plate 74 figs 8). Mesothoracic
spiracle slightly protruding, not hooded. Scutellum
transverse, rounded. Elytra long, ca. 3.8 times lon¬
ger than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with four
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
equally developed prinnary costae; interstices with
double rows of irregular roundish cells; bottonn of
cells hairless; pubescence scarce, short and de-
cumbent (Plate 74 figs 7-8). Tibiae and fennoris
straight, moderately broad; tarsomeres 3-4 wid¬
ened, plantar pad developed. Female external geni¬
talia with free, elongate, relatively slender coxites;
valvifers semi-attached to coxites, narrow, almost
straight, ca. 2 times longer than coxites; styli elon¬
gate, robust; vagina sclerotized (Plate 74 fig. 9).
Sexual dimorphism: Male is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cautires eniclasoides
sp. nov. is readily distinguished from all congeners
by the pronotal structure (Plate 74 fig. 8), more rem¬
iniscent of that of the genus Eniclases, from which
it is separable by the structure of its elytra.
Distribution: Known only from Indonesian New
Guinea.
Cautires extraneus sp. nov. (Plate 75 figs 1-4)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak Mts., S of Anggi Gigi Lake, 2-2.5 km
NNE vill. Uper, 01°17’10”S, 133°54’18”E, 1900-2480
m, primary mid-montane rainforest, 9.IX.2015, leg.
D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “extraneous”, al¬
luding to its narrow body.
Description: Length 8.6 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 1.4 mm.
Orange testaceous. Antennae, except antenno-
mere 2, and legs dark brown to black. Rostrum ab¬
sent. Vertex with roundish impression behind an¬
tennal prominence. Eyes large, interocular distance
ca. 1.2 times greater than eye diameter. Labrum
small, subquadrate, truncate anteriorly; epistoma
emarginate medially. Palps slender; ultimate pal-
pomeres slightly elongate, semi-globular, oblique at
apex. Antennal sockets separated by minute lami¬
na. Antennae attaining to elytral three fifths, from
antennomere 3 flattened, serrate; antennomere 3
ca. 5 times longer than antennomere 2 and ca. 1.1
times shorter than antennomere 4; antennomeres
3-11 with short sub-erect pubescence (Plate 75 fig.
1). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.25 times as wide as
long, trapezoidal, bisinuate basally and triangularly
projected anteriorly, with laterally projected acute
posterior and apparent blunt anterior angles; me¬
dian cell narrow, extending to pronotal 0.65; lateral
carinae concave; anterior cells slightly diverging
anteriorly, formed by straight ante ro-l ate ra I carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle small, hooded; hood elon¬
gate, narrow, erect. Scutellum transverse, parallel¬
sided, triangularly emarginate at apex (Plate 75
fig. 1). Elytra very long, ca. 4.6 times longer than
wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with four equally
developed primary costae; interstices with double
rows of irregular elongate cells; pubescence dense,
short and decumbent (Plate 75 fig. 1). Tibiae and
femoris narrow, straight; tarsomeres 2-4 widened,
tarsomeres 1-4 with plantar pad. Male ultimate
sternite with brush of longer bristles ventrally (Plate
75 fig. 2). Aedeagus with abruptly widened distally
median lobe, distal opening occupying ca. 0.4 its
length; inner sac with circular distal bulge bear¬
ing dense minute thorns and paired elongate lat¬
eral thorns; phallobasal membrane membranous,
relatively large, ca. 0.45 median lobe (Plate 75 figs
3-4).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cautires extraneus
nov. may be easily distinguished from the conge¬
ners by the very narrow body, serrate antennae
and abruptly widened distally median lobe of the
aedeagus, with circular distal bulge bearing dense
minute thorns and paired elongate lateral thorns
(Plate 75 figs 1-4).
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Indonesian New Guinea.
Cautires ignotus sp. nov. (Plate 75 figs 5-7)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 16.IV.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 4(5' ICM & ISNB: same label as in holotype,
but 28.V.1996; 24.VI.1996.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “unknown”.
Description: Length 5. 5-7.3 mm. Width across
humeri 1.3-1.6 mm.
Testaceous. Antennae distally, head, elytra, except
at humeri and along suture in proximal half, dark
brown. Head without rostrum. Vertex with deep tri¬
angular impression behind antennal prominence.
Eyes small, interocular distance ca. 1.6 times
greater than eye diameter. Labrum small, trans¬
verse, truncate anteriorly. Maxillary palps slender;
ultimate palpomere elongate, slightly narrowed,
oblique and glabrous at apex. Labial palps minute;
ultimate palpomere small, elongate, pointed and
glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets separated by
minute lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral three
fourths, from antennomere 3 flabellate; antenno¬
mere 3 ca. 5 times longer than antennomere 2
and 1.2 times longer than antennomere 4; flabel-
lum of antennomere 3 ca. 1.3 times shorter than
stem, flabellum of antennomere 4 ca. 2.1 times
390
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
and flabellunn of antennonnere 5 ca. 2.3 tinnes lon¬
ger than relevant antennal stenn; antennonneres
3-11 with short sub-erect pubescence (Plate 75 fig.
5). Pronotunn transverse, ca. 1.2 tinnes as wide as
long, parallel-sided, bisinuate basally and slightly
convex anteriorly, with inconspicuous acute poste¬
rior and evident blunt anterior angles; nnedian cell
relatively broad, extending to pronotal 0.85; lateral
carinae curved; anterior cells broad, not diverging
anteriorly, fornned by straight ante ro-l ate ra I carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle snnall, hooded; hood nar¬
row, bent backwards. Scutellunn transverse, slightly
narrowing distally, triangularly emarginate at apex
(Plate 75 fig. 5). Elytra long, ca. 3.8 tinnes longer
than wide at hunneri, widest at hunneri, parallel¬
sided in distal four fifths, with four equally devel¬
oped prinnary costae; interstices with double rows
of cells of snnall, mostly transverse rectangular
cells; bottom of cells hairless; pubescence dense,
short and decumbent (Plate 75 fig. 5). Tibiae and
femoris straight, femoris moderately broad, tibiae
narrow; tarsomeres 3-4 widened, with plantar pad,
tarsomeres 1 and 2 with apical plantar pad. Male
aedeagus with gradually, but prominently widened
distally median lobe; inner sac with paired distal
structure and outwardly protruding thorn; phallo-
basal membrane semi-sclerotized, attaining to ca.
0.6 of median lobe (Plate 75 figs 6-7).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cautires ignotus sp.
nov. is readily separated from congeners by the col¬
oration, antennal structure, parallel-sided prono-
tum with feebly convex anterior margin and paired
distal structure and outwardly protruding thorn of
the inner sac of the aedeagal median lobe, as well
as by the semi-sclerotized phallobasal membrane,
attaining to ca. 0.6 of median lobe (Plate 75 figs
6-7).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Cautires maturnus Kleine, 1926 (Plate 75 figs
8-10)
Cautires maturnus Kleine, 1926: 150
Material 496' & 14$ ICM & ISNB: Papua New Guin¬
ea, Madang prov., Baiteta, light, 0. Missa leg, dates:
10.IV.1993; 16.IV.1994; 1995; 16.IV.1995; 13.IV.1996;
15.IV.1996; 22.IV.1996; 16.V.1996; 20.V.1996;
27.V.1996; 28.V.1996; 30.V.1996; 3.VI.1996; 4.VI.1996;
5.VI.1996; 10.VI.1996; 11.VI.1996; 14.VI.1996;
18.VI.1996; 24.VI.1996; 25.VI.1996; 26.VI.1996;
27.VI.1996; 3.VII.1996; 4.VII.1996; 15.VII.1996;
17.VII.1996; 18.VII.1996; 23.VII.1996; 24.VII.1996;
25.VII.1996; 27.VII.1996.
Distribution: New Guinea: Paomomu River, Mo-
roka, Dilo, Fiume Pirari, Ighiberei, Bujakori (Kleine
1926); Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Cautires mikiukhomakiaii sp. nov. (Plate 75 figs
11-13)
Holotype S ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 23.VII.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 45(6 ICM & ISNB: same label as in holotype,
dates: 24.111.1993; 18.V.1993; 8.IX.1993; 16.IV.1994;
2.VII.1995; IV.1996; 8.IV.1996; 9.IV.1996; 11.IV.1996;
13.IV.1996; 17.IV.1996; 22.IV.1996; 30.IV.1996;
15.V.1996; 16.V.1996; 23.V.1996; 29.V.1996;
30.V.1996; 3.VI.1996; 5.VI.1996; 19.VI.1996;
24.VI.1996; 26.VI.1996; 3.VII.1996; 4.VII.1996;
23.VII.1996; 27.VII.1996; paratype $: Papua New Guin¬
ea, Madang prov., Baiteta, fogging, 19.111.1993, 0. Missa
leg.
Derivatio nominis: The new species is named
after the famous XIX century explorer of New Guin¬
ea, N.N. Miklukho-Maklai.
Description: Length 5. 2-5. 9 mm. Width across
humeri 1.2-1.4 mm.
Dark brown. Antennomere 2, proximal half of pro-
notum, trochanters and very bases of femoris light
brown. Head without rostrum. Vertex with deep
transverse impression just behind antennal promi¬
nence. Eyes large, interocular distance ca. 1.4
times shorter than eye diameter. Labrum small,
transverse, truncate anteriorly. Palps slender; ulti¬
mate palpomeres small, elongate, almost pointed
distally and glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets
separated by minute lamina. Antennae attaining to
elytral middle, from antennomere 3 flabellate; an¬
tennomere 3 ca. 9 times longer than antennomere
2 and 1.4 times longer than antennomere 4; fla-
bellum of antennomere 3 ca. 1.6 times, flabellum
of antennomere 4 ca. 2.4 times and flabellum of
antennomere 5 ca. 2.8 times longer than relevant
antennal stem; antennomeres 3-11 with short
sub-erect pubescence (Plate 75 fig. 11). Pronotum
transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide as long, trapezoi¬
dal, slightly bisinuate basally and strongly triangu¬
larly projected anteriorly, with inconspicuous acute
posterior and evident blunt anterior angles; me¬
dian cell narrow, extending to pronotal 0.7; lateral
carinae inconspicuous, concave; anterior cells not
diverging anteriorly, formed by straight antero-lat-
eral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle small, hooded;
hood narrow, erect. Scutellum subquadrate, slight¬
ly narrowing distally, semi-circularly emarginate at
apex (Plate 75 fig. 11). Elytra long, ca. 3.6 times
longer than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with
four equally developed primary costae; interstices
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
1 and 5 with double rows of irregular subquadrate
cells; interstices 2-3 with double rows of cells at
proxinnal thirds; interstice 4 with double row of cells
at proxinnal two thirds; bottonn of cells hairless; pu¬
bescence dense, short and decunnbent (Plate 75
fig. 11). Tibiae and fennoris straight, nnoderately
broad; tarsonneres 2-4 widened, with plantar pad
(tarsonneres 1 and 2 with nninute apical plantar
pad). Male aedeagus with relatively broad, gradu¬
ally widened distally and rounded at apex; inner sac
with paired basal structure and a pair of bracket¬
like structures distally (Plate 75 figs 12-13).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennalesinnilarto nnale, but
larger, eyes snnaller and antennae serrate.
Differential diagnosis: Cautires miklukhomak-
laii sp. nov. is distinguished fronn congeners by the
broad pronotunn with relatively short nnedian areo¬
la, weak elytral reticulation, with secondary costae
disappearing in the central part of interstices 2-4,
and gradually widened distally nnedian lobe of the
aedeagus (Plate 75 figs 11-13).
Variation. In sonne of the paratypes the pronotunn
is entirely testaceous, while in others it is uniformly
dark brown.
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Cautires picipennis sp. nov. (Plate 76 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 24.IV.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Pa raty pes 136' ICM & ISNB: sanne label as in holotype,
but 16.IV.1994; 9.IV.1996; 16.IV.1996; 22.IV.1996;
23.IV.1996; 29.IV.1996; 15.V.1996; 16.V.1996;
20.V.1996; 30.V.1996; 20.VI.1996.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new species
is derived from the Latin for “with grayish wings”, al¬
luding to its coloration.
Description: Length 4. 9-6.0 mm. Width across
humeri 1.1-1.4 mm.
Dark brown to grayish black. Metaventrite and tro¬
chanters light brown. Pronotal sides narrowly light
brown. Head without rostrum. Vertex with deep fine
transverse groove behind antennal prominence.
Eyes relatively large, interocular distance ca. 1.4
times greater than eye diameter. Labrum small,
transverse, convex anteriorly. Palps slender; ulti¬
mate palpomeres small, elongate, almost pointed
distally and glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets
separated by minute lamina. Antennae attaining to
elytral two thirds, from antennomere 3 flabellate;
antennomere 3 ca. 8 times longer than antenno¬
mere 2 and 1.1 times longer than antennomere 4;
flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 1.3 times, flabel-
lum of antennomere 4 ca. 1.5 times and flabellum
of antennomere 5 ca. 2 times longer than relevant
antennal stem; antennomeres 3-11 with short
sub-erect pubescence (Plate 76 fig. 1). Pronotum
transverse, ca. 1.2 times as wide as long, bisinuate
basally, somewhat widened and semi-circularly pro¬
jected anteriorly, with slightly concave sides, incon¬
spicuous acute posterior and evident blunt anterior
angles; median cell narrow, extending to pronotal
0.65; lateral carinae short, straight; anterior cells
rectangular, formed by very fine antero-lateral ca¬
rinae. Mesothoracic spiracle small, hooded; hood
narrow, bent backwards. Scutellum subquadrate,
parallel-sided, triangularly emarginate at apex
(Plate 76 fig. 1). Elytra long, ca. 4.2 times longer
than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with four equal¬
ly developed fine primary costae; all interstices
with double rows of rectangular, mostly elongate
cells; bottom of cells hairless; pubescence dense,
relatively long and erect (Plate 76 fig. 1). Tibiae and
femoris straight, moderately broad; tarsomeres 2-4
widened, with plantar pad. Male aedeagus with
straight, slightly widened above middle median
lobe; inner sac with V-shaped setose pad, without
sclerotized structures; phallobasal membrane non-
sclerotized, short, less than 0.3 length of median
lobe (Plate 76 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Cautires picipennis
nov. is only tentatively placed in Cautires, as it is
quite unlike most other members of the genus in
not having any sclerotized inner sac structures. It
may additionally be differentiated from most con¬
geners by the broad and somewhat widened anteri¬
orly pronotum with short narrow median cell (Plate
76 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Cautires tricoioripennis sp. nov. (Plate 76 figs 4-7)
Holotype S ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 5.VI.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Paratypes 173(6 (6 & ICM & ISNB: sanne label as
in holotype, but fronn 18.111.1993 to 20.V.1993; 1995;
from 9.IV.1996 to 27.VII.1996; 1(6: Papua New Guinea,
Madang prov., Baiteta, fogging, 16.V.1995, 0. Missa leg;
1$: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov., Baiteta, fogging,
26.V.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new species
is derived from the Latin for “with tricolor wings”, al¬
luding to the coloration of its elytra.
Description: Length 7.6-10.8 mm. Width across
humeri 2. 0-2. 7 mm.
Orange testaceous. Head, scapus and distal anten-
392
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
nonneres, pronotunn anteriorly, elytral band at me¬
dial third triangularly projected towards scutellum,
hind femoris and tibiae partially and abdomen dark
brown to black; distal elytral third light brown. Ros¬
trum absent. Vertex with prominent transverse and
two deeper roundish impressions behind antennal
prominence. Eyes relatively large, interocular dis¬
tance subequal in length to eye diameter. Labrum
transverse, almost truncate anteriorly, rounded
at anterior angles; epistoma medially triangularly
projected forward. Maxillary palps relatively long
ultimate palpomere elongate, slightly widened dis-
tally, oblique at apex; labial palps slender, short,
ultimate palpomere pointed and glabrous at apex.
Antennal sockets separated by minute lamina. An¬
tennae attaining to elytral two thirds, from anten-
nomere flabellate; antennomere 3 ca. 9 times lon¬
ger than antennomere 2 and ca. 1.2 times longer
than antennomere 4; flabellum of antennomere 3
ca. 1.4 times shorter, flabellum of antennomere 4
ca. 1.1 times longer and flabellum of antennomere
5 subequal in length to relevant antennal stem;
antennomeres 3-11 with short dense decumbent
pubescence (Plate 76 fig. 4). Pronotum transverse,
ca. 1.2 times as wide as long, bisinuate basally and
semi-circularly projected anteriorly, with concave
sides, convex before hind angles, acute posterior
and rounded anterior angles; median cell narrow,
extending to pronotal 0.7; lateral carinae feebly
concave; anterior cells almost not diverging ante¬
riorly, formed by concave a ntero- lateral carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle small, hooded; hood narrow
bent backwards. Scutellum transverse, concave at
sides, prominently emarginate at apex (Plate 76
fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 3.2 times longer than wide
at humeri, parallel-sided, with four strong, equally
developed primary costae; interstices with double
rows of regular subquadrate cells; bottom of cells
glabrous; pubescence short and decumbent (Plate
76 fig. 4). Tibiae and femoris broad and straight;
tarsomeres 3-4 widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with
plantar pad. Male aedeagus with straight, widened
distally and constricted at apex median lobe; inner
sac with scissors-like structure and paired curved
horns; phallobasal membrane massive, attaining to
ca. 0.5 of median lobe (Plate 76 figs 5-7).
Sexual dimorphism: Female similar to male, but
larger, eyes smaller, antennae serrate.
Differential diagnosis: Cautires tricoloripennis
sp. nov. may be distinguished from congeners by
the coloration and the shape of the median lobe of
the aedeagus (Plate 76 figs 4-7).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Malacolycus Kleine, 1943
Malacolycus Kleine, 1943: 151.
Type species: Malacolycus paululus Kleine,
1943: 151, by monotypy.
Notes: Only two species of this genus have so far
been described (Kazantsev 2015b).
Distribution: New Guinea.
Malacolycus gigiensis sp. nov. (Plate 76 figs 8-10)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak Mts., S of Anggi Gigi Lake, 2-2.5 km
NNE vill. Uper, 01°17’10”S, 133°54’18”E, 1900-2480
m, primary mid-montane rain forest, beaten, 9.IX.2015,
leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from lake Anggi Gigi in the vicinity of
which the type specimen was collected.
Description: Length 4.5 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 0.8 mm.
Dark brown to black. Head ventrally, pronotal
margins, elytra, except at distal half and front tro¬
chanters brownish testaceous. Head subquadrate,
without rostrum. Vertex with fine median keel just
behind antennal prominence. Eyes small, interocu¬
lar distance ca. 1.5 times greater than eye diam¬
eter, slightly incised opposite antennal sockets.
Labrum small, transverse. Palps slender; ultimate
palpomeres small, elongate, almost pointed distal¬
ly and glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets separat¬
ed by minute lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral
middle, narrow; antennomeres 3-11 parallel-sided,
slightly compressed; antennomere 3 ca. 4 times
longer than antennomere 2 and 1.1 times longer
than antennomere 4; antennomeres 3-11 with
relatively long sub-erect pubescence (Plate 76 fig.
8). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.5 times as wide as
long, trapezoidal, slightly bisinuate basally and tri¬
angularly projected anteriorly, with prominent acute
posterior and conspicuous blunt anterior angles;
median cell weak, oval, extending to pronotal 0.7;
lateral and antero-lateral carinae almost obsolete.
Scutellum subquadrate, strongly narrowing distally,
semi-circularly emarginate at apex (Plate 76 fig. 8).
Elytra long, narrow, ca. 4.6 times longer than wide
at humeri, parallel-sided, with four weak, equally
developed primary costae; interstices with single
rows of large irregular elongate cells; bottom of
cells hairless; pubescence scarce, relative long and
erect (Plate 76 fig. 8). Tibiae and femoris straight
and narrow; tarsomeres narrow, with minute apical
plantar pad noticeable on tarsomere 4. Male ae¬
deagus with small, short, relatively broad, round¬
ed at apex median lobe; inner sac with W-shaped
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
structure; phallobase large, nearly as long as 0.7
length of nnedian lobe; phallobasal nnennbrane al-
nnost obsolete (Plate 76 figs 9-10).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Malacolycus gigiensis
sp. nov. is easily separable fronn the congeners (M.
pa ul ulus Kleine, 1943 and M. lad us Kazantsev,
2015) by the coloration and connpletely different
shape of the aedeagus, with short and conspicu¬
ously widened distally nnedian lobe (Plate 76 figs
8-10).
Distribution: Known only fronn the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Indonesian New Guinea.
Metriorrhynchus Gemminger, Harold, 1869
Metrlorrhynchus Gennminger, Harold, 1869: 1629.
Type species: LycL/spara/Ze/us Guerin-Meneville,
1838, designated by Waterhouse, 1878.
Notes: The genus Metrlorrhynchus Gennnninger,
Harold, 1869 is one of the nnost connmon and spe-
ciose in New Guinea. As its concept had long been
nnisinterpreted, even the approximate number of its
species is hard to estimate (Bocak 2002). Fourteen
New Guinean species were added to this genus re¬
cently (Kazantsev 2015b).
Distribution: Oriental and Australian regions
(Kleine 1933; Bocak 2002).
Metriorrhynchus cochleiformis sp. nov. (Plate 76
figs 11-13)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 25.VII.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 2(5' & 3$ ICM & ISNB: same label as in
holotype, dates: 26.111.1993; 19.V.1993; 20.V.1993;
7. VI. 1993.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “similar to a snail”,
alluding to the shape of its aedeagus.
Description: Length 7.4-10.5 mm. Width across
humeri 2. 0-2. 5 mm.
Dark brown to black. Rostrum short. Vertex with
transverse impression behind antennal promi¬
nence. Eyes moderately large, interocular distance
ca. 1.1 times greater than eye diameter. Labrum
slightly wider than long, rounded anteriorly; epi-
stoma broadly concave. Palps slender; ultimate
palpomeres narrow, elongate, obliquely narrowed
distally and glabrous apically. Antennal sockets
separated by narrow lamina. Antennae attaining to
elytral three fifths, from antennomere 3 serrate; an-
tennomere 3 ca. 8 times longer than antennomere
2 and subequal in length to antennomere 4; anten-
nomeres 3-11 with short decumbent pubescence
and separate long bristling hairs (Plate 76 fig. 11).
Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide as long,
trapezoidal, with almost straight sides, slightly bi-
sinuate basallyand semi-circularly projected anteri¬
orly, with acute posterior and blunt anterior angles;
median cell narrow, attaining to pronotal 0.7; later¬
al carinae concave; anterior cells slightly diverging
anteriorly, formed bystraightantero-lateral carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle large, protruding, with small
short vertical posterior hood. Scutellum transverse,
slightly narrowing distally, semi-circularly emar-
ginate at apex (Plate 76 fig. 11). Elytra long, ca. 3
times longer than wide at humeri, slightly narrowing
distally, with four equally developed primary costae;
interstices with double rows of small roundish cells;
last interstice well visible from above, except under
humerus; bottom of cells glabrous; pubescence
short and decumbent (Plate 76 fig. 11). Tibiae and
femoris straight; femoris broad, with long erect
vestiture on inner side; tarsomeres 2-4 widened,
tarsomeres 1-4 with prominent plantar pad. Male
aedeagus with robust, conspicuously widened me¬
dially median lobe; inner sac with massive coiled
structure deposited inside distal half of median
lobe, without thorns; phallobasal membrane ro¬
bust, semi-sclerotized, ca. 0.5 length of median
lobe (Plate 76 figs 12-13).
Sexual dimorphism: Female similar to male,
but larger, eyes somewhat smaller, femoris without
long erect pubescence.
Differential diagnosis: Metrlorrhynchus co-
chlelformls sp. nov. may be distinguished from the
congeners by the short median pronotal cell, as
well as by the robust, conspicuously widened me¬
dially median lobe of the aedeagus, with massive
coiled inner sac structure (Plate 76 figs 11-13).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Metriorrhynchus uperensis sp. nov. (Plate 77 figs
1-3)
Holotype (5' NME: E Indonesia, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak Mts., S of Anggi Gigi Lake, env. vill.
Uper, 01°18’09”S, 133°54’07”E, 1890-2100 m, pri¬
mary mid-montane rainforest, 8.IX.2015, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the locality where the type
specimen was collected.
Description: Length 15.8 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 3.1 mm.
Orange testaceous. Antennae, except antenno-
meres 1-2 and internally antennomeres 3-4, disk
394
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
of abdonninal segnnents and tarsi dark brown to
black. Rostrunn short. Vertex with roundish innpres-
sion and pair of nninute oblique strikes behind
antennal pronninence. Eyes nnoderately large, in¬
terocular distance subequal in length to eye diann-
eter. Labrunn elongate, rounded; epistonna broadly
concave. Palps slender; ultinnate palponneres elon¬
gate, slightly widened distally and oblique apically.
Antennal sockets separated by narrow lannina. An¬
tennae attaining to elytral two thirds, from anten-
nomere 3 strongly serrate; antennomere 3 ca. 10
times longer than antennomere 2 and subequal
in length to antennomere 4; antennomeres 3-11
with short decumbent pubescence (Plate 77 fig.
1). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.2 times as wide as
long, trapezoidal, with almost straight sides, bisinu-
ate basally and semi-circularly projected anteriorly,
with prominent acute posterior and rounded ante¬
rior angles; median cell narrow, almost attaining
anterior margin; lateral carinae straight, obliterate
near lateral margins; anterior cells not diverging
anteriorly, formed by straight antero-lateral cari¬
nae. Mesothoracic spiracle large, vertical, hooded;
hood short, bent backwards. Scutellum transverse,
slightly narrowing distally, rectangularly emarginate
at apex (Plate 77 fig. 1). Elytra long, ca. 4.2 times
longer than wide at humeri, slightly widening dis¬
tally, with four equally developed primary costae; in¬
terstices with double rows of small regular, mostly
transverse cells; pubescence dense, short and de¬
cumbent (Plate 77 fig. 1). Tibiae and femoris nar¬
row, straight; tarsomeres 2-4 widened, tarsomeres
1-4 with prominent plantar pad, tarsomere 1 with
plantar pad covering its entire ventral surface.
Male aedeagus with narrow, slightly curved medi¬
ally, slightly widening distally median lobe, with
narrow, coiled, tapering apically trunk, provided
with minute thorns; inner sac without thorns; phal-
lobasal membrane semi-sclerotized, ca. 0.3 length
of median lobe (Plate 77 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Metriorrhynchus uper-
ensis sp. nov. may be easily distinguished from the
congeners by the combination of coloration, anten¬
nal and pronotal structure, as well as by the narrow,
curved medially, slightly widening distally median
lobe, with narrow coiled and provided with minute
thorns trunk, with the inner sac bearing no thorns
(Plate 77 figs 1-3).
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Indonesian New Guinea.
Metriorrhynchus vitiosus sp. nov. (Plate 77 figs
4-6)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 8.VI.1993, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 2(5' ICM & ISNB: sanne label as in holotype,
dates: 9.IV.1996; 30.IV.1996.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “bad, vicious”, al¬
luding to its appearance and coloration.
Description: Length 6. 8- 7.2 mm. Width across
humeri 1.5-1.6 mm.
Dark brown. Pronotal sides narrowly and poste¬
rior pronotal angeles, trochanters, femoris and
tibiae basally testaceous. Rostrum short. Vertex
with deep semi-circular impression behind anten¬
nal prominence. Eyes moderately large, bulging,
interocular distance ca. 1.1 times longer than eye
diameter. Labrum ca. 1.4 times wider than long,
truncate anterior with rounded anterior angles; epi-
stoma deeply concave. Palps slender; ultimate pal-
pomeres elongate, narrow, pointed and glabrous
apically. Antennal sockets separated by relatively
narrow lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral mid¬
dle, from antennomere 3 flabellate; antennomere
3 ca. 5 times longer than antennomere 2 and ca.
1.2 times longer than antennomere 4; flabellum of
antennomere 3 ca. 2.4 times, flabellum of antenno¬
mere 4 ca. 3.6 times and flabellum of antennomere
5 ca. 3.8 times longer than relevant antennal stem;
antennomeres 3-11 with short decumbent pubes¬
cence (Plate 77 fig. 4). Pronotum transverse, ca.
1.3 times as wide as long, with almost parallel and
straight sides, slightly bisinuate basally and feebly
triangularly projected anteriorly, with acute poste¬
rior and blunt anterior angles; median cell narrow,
attaining anterior margin, very narrow in anterior
fourth; lateral carinae almost straight, inconspicu¬
ous internally; anterior cells not diverging anteriorly,
formed by inconspicuous straight antero-lateral ca¬
rinae. Mesothoracic spiracle relatively large, oval,
not hooded. Scutellum transverse, parallel-sided,
semi-circularly emarginate at apex (Plate 77 fig. 4).
Elytra long, ca. 3.6 times longer than wide at humeri,
parallel-sided, with four equally developed primary
costae; interstices with double rows of small regu¬
lar, mostly elongate cells; bottom of cells hairless;
pubescence short and decumbent (Plate 77 fig. 4).
Tibiae and femoris narrow, straight; tarsomeres 2-4
widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with prominent plantar
pad. Male aedeagus with narrow, slightly curved in
distal half, slightly widening distally median lobe;
inner sac with circularly arranged seven prominent
thorns, without evident trunk; phallobasal mem-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
brane elongate, senni-sclerotized, ca. 0.5 length of
median lobe (Plate 77 figs 5-6).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Metriorrhynchus vitio-
sus sp. nov. may be easily distinguished from the
congeners by the combination of coloration and
long antennal flabellae, as well as by the lack of
evident trunk and circularly arranged prominent
thorns of the inner sac of the aedeagus, with elon¬
gate and semi-sclerotized phallobasal membrane
(Plate 77 figs 4-6).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Porrostoma Laporte, 1838
Porrostoma Laporte, 1838: 26.
Type species: Lycus ruf/penn/s Fabric! us, 1801,
by monotypy.
Notes: The genus Porrostoma Laporte, 1838 is
widespread in New Guinea, but is most species-rich
in Australia. As it had long been considered synony¬
mous to Metriorrhynchus, even the approximate
number of its species is hard to estimate (Bocak
2002). Seven species from New Guinea were add¬
ed to this genus recently (Kazantsev 2015b).
Distribution: Papuan and Australian regions
(Kleine 1933; Bocak 2002).
Porrostoma cautiromimum sp. nov. (Plate 77 figs
7-9)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 17.V.1993, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 36' ICM & ISNB: sanne label as in holotype,
dates: 4.VI.1996; 24.VII.1996; 27.VII.1996; 1$ ISNB:
Papua New Guinea, Madang prov., Baiteta, fogging,
16.V.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the genus name Cautires Wa¬
terhouse, 1879 and the Latin for “mime”, alluding
to its resemblance to the said genus.
Description: Length 9.1-11.0 mm. Width across
humeri 2. 1-3.0 mm.
Dark brown to black. Pronotum, scutellum and ely¬
tra ochre; abdomen with blue metallic tint. Rostrum
moderately long. Vertex with prominent semi-circu¬
lar impression behind antennal prominence. Eyes
relatively small, interocular distance subequal in
length to eye diameter. Labrum about as long as
wide, rounded. Maxillary palps slender; ultimate
palpomere elongate, slightly narrowed distally,
oblique and glabrous at apex. Labial palps small;
ultimate palpomere elongate, almost pointed and
glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets separated by
minute lamina. Antennae relatively short, hardly at¬
taining to elytral third, from antennomere serrate;
antennomere 3 ca. 5 times longer than antenno¬
mere 2 and 1.4 times longer than antennomere
4; antennomeres 3-11 with short dense sub-erect
pubescence (Plate 77 fig. 7). Pronotum trans¬
verse, ca. 1.2 times as wide as long, trapezoidal,
conspicuously bisinuate basally and moderately
triangularly projected anteriorly, with conspicu¬
ous acute posterior and noticeable blunt anterior
angles; median cell relatively narrow, extending to
pronotal 0.8; lateral carinae inconspicuous near
median cell, concave; anterior cells diverging an¬
teriorly, formed by straight a ntero- lateral carinae.
Mesothoracic spiracle prominent, slightly protrud¬
ing, not hooded. Scutellum transverse, slightly
narrowing distally, triangularly emarginate at apex
(Plate 77 fig. 7). Elytra long, ca. 3.3 times longer
than wide at humeri, slightly widening distally, with
four equally developed primary costae; interstices
with double rows of small regular transverse cells;
bottom of cells hairless; pubescence dense, short
and decumbent (Plate 77 fig. 7). Tibiae and femoris
relatively broad, femoris straight, tibiae curved; tar-
someres 2-4 widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with promi¬
nent plantar pad. Male aedeagus with straight,
relatively robust proximally, slightly constricted dis¬
tally (in lateral view) and medially (in dorsal view)
median lobe; inner sac with paired distal bulges;
phallobasal membrane relatively short, attaining to
0.3 of median lobe (Plate 77 figs 8-9).
Sexual dimorphism: Female similar to male, but
eyes somewhat smaller and antennae slightly less
serrate.
Differential diagnosis: Porrostoma cautiromi¬
mum sp. nov. may be distinguished from the some¬
what similar P. echidna Kazantsev, 2015 by the
more Caut/res-like pronotum, non-flabellate male
antennae and more robust proximally median lobe
of the aedeagus (Plate 77 figs 7-9).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Porrostoma exile sp. nov. (Plate 77 figs 10-12)
Holotype S ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 26.111.1993, 0. Missa leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “slender”, alluding
to its appearance.
Description: Length 4.4 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 1.1 mm.
Dark brown. Pronotal sides narrowly light brown.
396
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
Rostrunn short. Vertex with conspicuous innpres-
sion behind antennal pronninence. Eyes snnall, in¬
terocular distance ca. 1.6 tinnes greater than eye
dianneter. Labrunn transverse, trapezoidal, slightly
concave anteriorly; epistonna truncate. Palps slen¬
der; ultinnate palponneres elongate, ainnost pointed
and glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets separated
by broad, densely pubescent lannina. Antennae at¬
taining to elytral two thirds, from antennomere 3
broad, feebly serrate; antennomere 3 ca. 8 times
longer than antennomere 2 and subequal in length
to antennomere 4; antennomeres 3-11 with short
sub-erect pubescence (Plate 77 fig. 10). Pronotum
transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide as long, medi¬
ally convex basally and semi-circular anteriorly,
with acute pubescent posterior and blunt anterior
angles; median cell narrow, its sides contiguous in
posterior third and anterior fourth, almost reach¬
ing anterior margin; lateral carinae prominent, at¬
taining to posterior angles; anterior cells diverging
anteriorly, formed by straight, inconspicuous near
anterior margin antero-lateral carinae. Mesotho-
racic spiracle minute, not hooded. Scutellum sub¬
quadrate, parallel-sided, prominently emarginate
at apex (Plate 77 fig. 10). Elytra long, ca. 3.4 times
longer than wide at humeri, slightly narrowing dis-
tally, with primary costa 3 conspicuously weaker
in distal half; interstices 1 and 5 with double rows
of small irregular roundish cells, interstice 2 with
single row of cells in medial third, interstices 3 and
4 with single rows of cells in distal two thirds; bot¬
tom of cells hairless; pubescence scarce, short and
decumbent (Plate 77 fig. 10). Tibiae and femoris
straight, femoris moderately broad, tibiae narrow;
tarsomere 4 widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with plantar
pad. Male aedeagus with straight narrow median
lobe, slightly curved apically in lateral view; inner
sac with paired lateral coiled bulges provided with
minute thorns and apical elongate bulge with min¬
ute thorns and separate long erect hairs; phallo-
basal membrane sclerotized, narrow, attaining to
ca. 0.6 of median lobe (Plate 77 figs 11-12).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Porrostoma exile sp.
nov. may be distinguished from the congeners by
the combination of coloration, elytral reticulation,
broad and feebly serrate antennomeres, as well as
by the straight narrow median lobe of the aedeagus
and paired lateral coiled bulges with minute thorns
and apical elongate bulge with minute thorns and
separate long erect hairs of the inner sac and elon¬
gate sclerotised phallobasal structure (Plate 77 figs
10-12). In the elytral reticulation P. exile sp. nov.
is quite unlike most other members of the genus.
resembling only P. mystax sp. nov. and Procau-
tires multipilosus Kazantsev, 2016, also from Bait-
eta, Madang, Papua New Guinea, especially in the
structure of male genitalia. It is possible that these
three species form a monophyletic lineage within
Porrostoma.
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Porrostoma fuscum sp. nov. (Plate 78 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 25.VI.1993, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 1536' ICM & ISNB: sanne label as in holo¬
type, but 31.111.1993; 22.IV.1993; 17.V.1993; 16.IV.1994;
16.IV.1995; from 9.IV.1996 to 27.VII.1996; 4(6 ISNB:
Papua New Guinea, Madang prov., Baiteta, fogging, 0.
Missa leg; dates: 14.V.1996; 16.V.1996.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “brown”, alluding
to its coloration.
Description: Length 8. 6-9. 5 mm. Width across
humeri 1.6-2. 1 mm.
Dark brown to black. Metaventrite and trochanters
testaceous. Rostrum short. Vertex with prominent
roundish impression and median keel behind an¬
tennal prominence. Eyes relatively large, interocu¬
lar distance ca. 1.2 times shorter than eye diam¬
eter. Labrum wider than long, narrowing anteriorly,
slightly emarginate medially; epistoma concave.
Palps slender; ultimate palpomeres elongate, nar¬
row, slightly narrowed distally, glabrous at apex.
Antennal sockets separated by minute lamina. An¬
tennae attaining to elytral two thirds, from antenno¬
mere flabellate; antennomere 3 ca. 5 times longer
than antennomere 2 and subequal in length to an¬
tennomere 4; flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 2.1
times, flabellum of antennomere 4 ca. 2.4 times
and flabellum of antennomere 5 ca. 2.3 times lon¬
ger than relevant antennal stem; antennomeres
3-11 with short scarce sub-erect pubescence (Plate
78 fig. 1). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.25 times as
wide as long, trapezoidal, bisinuate basally and
moderately triangularly projected anteriorly, with
slightly concave sides, conspicuous acute laterally
projected posterior and noticeable blunt anterior
angles; median cell narrow, extending to pronotal
0.7; lateral carinae nearly straight; anterior cells
diverging anteriorly, formed by concave antero¬
lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle prominent,
slightly protruding, not hooded. Scutellum trans¬
verse, slightly narrowing distally, feebly emarginate
at apex (Plate 78 fig. 1). Elytra long, ca. 3.5 times
longer than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
four strong, equally developed prinnary costae; in¬
terstices with double rows of regular subquadrate
cells; bottonn of cells glabrous; pubescence minute
and decumbent (Plate 78 fig. 1). Tibiae and femo-
ris narrow and straight; tarsomeres 2-4 widened,
tarsomeres 1-4 with prominent plantar pad. Male
aedeagus with straight, narrow, widened distally
median lobe; inner sac with relatively small paired
distal bulges; phallobasal membrane elongate, rel¬
atively long, attaining to ca. 0.45 of median lobe
(Plate 78 figs 2-3).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Porrostoma fuscum
nov. may be distinguished from the morphologi¬
cally similar P. loriae (Kleine, 1926), comb. nov. by
the uniformly dark brown to black coloration and
considerably more narrow median lobe of the ae¬
deagus (Plate 78 figs 1-3).
Variation. In some paratypes the pronotal margins
and carinae are testaceous.
Notes: In spite of the rather big series of males
of this species (about 160 specimens), no females
were found in the material.
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Porrostoma gigivagum sp. nov. (Plate 78 figs 4-8)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, W New Guinea, Do-
berai Peninsula, Arfak Mts., S of Anggi Gigi Lake, env.
vill. Uper, 01°18’05”S, 133°54’24”E, 2200 m, primary
mid-montane rainforest, white light, 10-11.IX.2015, leg.
D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the locality name (Anggi Gigi
Lake) and the Latin for “dweller”.
Description: Length 10.6 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 2.2 mm.
Dark brown to black. Pronotum and scutellum or¬
ange testaceous; elytra, except narrow apical edge,
ochre. Rostrum absent. Vertex with transverse im¬
pression and fine median keel behind antennal
prominence. Eyes relatively large, interocular dis¬
tance subequal in length to eye diameter. Labrum
transverse, rounded at anterior margins, truncate
anteriorly. Palps slender; ultimate palpomeres
elongate, almost parallel-sided. Antennal sockets
separated by minute lamina. Antennae attaining to
elytral two thirds, from antennomere 3 flabellate;
antennomere 3 ca. 7 times longer than antenno¬
mere 2 and subequal in length to antennomere 4;
flabellum of antennomere 3 ca. 1.1 times, flabel-
lum of antennomere 4 ca. 1.5 times and flabellum
of antennomere 5 ca. 1.4 times longer than rele¬
vant antennal stem; antennomeres 3-11 with short
erect pubescence (Plate 78 fig. 4). Pronotum trans¬
verse, ca. 1.2 times as wide as long, trapezoidal,
with somewhat concave sides, slightly bisinuate ba-
sally and semi-circularly projected anteriorly, with
laterally projected acute posterior and noticeable
blunt anterior angles; median cell narrow, extend-
ingto pronotal 0.7; lateral carinae concave; anterior
cells slightly diverging anteriorly, formed by slightly
curved outwardly near anterior margin antero-lat-
eral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle hooded; hood
small, narrow, erect. Scutellum subquadrate, paral¬
lel-sided, triangularly emarginate at apex (Plate 78
fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 3.7 times longer than wide at
humeri, slightly widening distally, with four equally
developed primary costae; interstices with double
rows of small regular, mostly elongate cells; pubes¬
cence dense, short and decumbent (Plate 78 fig.
4). Tibiae and femoris narrow, straight; tarsomeres
2-4 widened, tarsomeres 1-4 with prominent plan¬
tar pad. Male ultimate sternite with brush of longer
setae ventrally, proximally short and conspicuously
widened and rounded (Plate 78 figs 5-6). Penulti¬
mate tergite single, not divided by median suture
(Plate 78 fig. 6). Aedeagus with straight, gradually
widening distally median lobe, distal opening occu¬
pying ca. 0.2 its length; inner sac with circular distal
bulge provided with dense minute thorns; phallo¬
basal membrane small, ca. 8 times shorter than
median lobe (Plate 78 figs 7-8).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Porrostoma gigivagum
sp. nov. may be easily distinguished from the con¬
geners by the absent rostrum, relatively long anten¬
nae and narrow proximally and gradually widening
distally median lobe of the aedeagus, as well as by
the inner sac with circular distal bulge provided with
dense minute thorns (Plate 78 figs 4-8). It addition¬
ally differs from the somewhat similarly coloured P
cautiromimum sp. nov. by the absent rostrum, fla¬
bellate antennae, shape of pronotum and straight
narrow tibiae.
Distribution: Known only from the Arfak Moun¬
tains in Indonesian New Guinea.
Porrostoma loriae (Kleine, 1926) comb. nov.
Ciadophorus ioriae Kleine, 1926: 127.
Material ca. 2506' & 2$ ICM & ISNB: Papua New
Guinea, Madang prov., Baiteta, light, 0. Missa leg, dates:
18.111.1993 to 19.V.1993; from 23.IV.1995to2.VII.1995;
from 9.IV.1996 to 27.VII.1996; 2(6: Papua New Guinea,
Madang prov., Baiteta, fogging, 0. Missa leg; dates:
14.V.1996; 16.V.1996.
398
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
Notes: The description of Cladophorus loriae Kle-
ine, 1926, supplennented with an illustration (Kle-
ine, 1926), demonstrates that the species does not
belong in Cladophorus, but rather in Porrostoma,
according to the rectified concept of the two gen¬
era (Bocak 2002). Hence, the taxon is transferred
to Porrostoma as Porrostoma loriae (Kleine, 1926)
comb. nov.
Distribution: Paumomu River, New Guinea (Kle¬
ine 1926); Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Porrostoma mutum sp. nov. (Plate 78 figs 9-11)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, V.1993, 0. Missa leg.
Pa retypes 2(5' ICM & ISNB: Papua New Guinea,
Madang prov., Baiteta, fogging, 8. VI. 1994, 0. Missa
leg.; Papua New Guinea, Madang prov., Baiteta, light,
30.V.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “dumb”, alluding
to its appearance.
Description: Length 6. 0-6.3 mm. Width across
humeri 1.35-1.40 mm.
Dark brown. Head dorsally black; antennomeres
1-2, frons and pronotal sides light brown. Rostrum
short. Vertex with deep semi-circular impression
behind antennal prominence. Eyes small, interocu¬
lar distance ca. 1.7 times greater than eye diam¬
eter. Labrum about as long as wide, rounded. Max¬
illary palps slender; ultimate palpomere elongate,
oblique and glabrous at apex. Labial palps small;
ultimate palpomere elongate, pointed and glabrous
at apex. Antennal sockets separated by relatively
broad lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral three
fifths, from antennomere 3 flabellate; antenno-
mere 3 ca. 5 times longer than antennomere 2 and
1.2 times longer than antennomere 4; flabellum of
antennomere 3 ca. 2.7 times, flabellum of anten¬
nomere 4 ca. 4.2 times and flabellum of antenno¬
mere 5 ca. 3.7 times longer than relevant antennal
stem; antennomeres 3-11 with short decumbent
pubescence (Plate 78 fig. 9). Pronotum transverse,
ca. 1.2 times as wide as long, parallel-sided, al¬
most straight basally and semi-circular anteriorly,
with straight posterior and rounded anterior angles;
median cell obscure, extending to pronotal 0.6; lat¬
eral carinae broad, oblique, obscure near median
cell; anterior cells not diverging anteriorly, formed
by broad, straight, obliterate in anterior half an-
tero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle promi¬
nent, slightly protruding, not hooded. Scutellum
transverse, rounded, semi-circularly emarginate at
apex (Plate 78 fig. 9). Elytra long, ca. 3.4 times lon¬
ger than wide at humeri, parallel-sided, with four
equally developed primary costae; interstices with
double rows of small irregular subquadrate cells;
bottom of cells hairless; pubescence scarce, short
and decumbent (Plate 78 fig. 9). Tibiae and femoris
straight, femoris moderately broad, tibiae narrow;
tarsomeres 2-4 widened, with plantar pad (tarso-
mere 1 with apical plantar pad). Male aedeagus
with narrow proximally, gradually widened distally
median lobe; in lateral view median lobe bent in
distal half semi-circularly widened apically; inner
sac with paired distal and single proximal bulges
provided with series of thorns; phallobasal mem¬
brane semi-sclerotized, narrow, attaining to ca. 0.6
of median lobe (Plate 64 figs 10-11).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Porrostoma mutum
sp. nov. may be distinguished from the congeners
by the combination of coloration, long flabellae of
male median antennomeres, long curved median
lobe of the aedeagus and paired distal inner sac
bulges with series of thorns (Plate 78 figs 9-11).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Porrostoma mystaxsjp. nov. (Plate 79 figs 1-3)
Holotype S ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 18.VII.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Paratypes 2(5' ICM & ISNB: Papua New Guinea,
Madang prov., Baiteta, fogging, 1.V.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Old Greek for “moustache”,
alluding to its relatively long inner sac whiskers.
Description: Length 5. 2-6. 2 mm. Width across
humeri 1.2-1.5 mm.
Dark brown to black; frons, pronotal sides and tro¬
chanters light brown. Vertex with deep transverse
excavation behind antennal prominence. Eyes
relatively small, interocular distance ca. 1.5 times
greater than eye diameter. Labrum elongate, semi¬
oval. Palps slender; ultimate palpomeres elongate,
pointed and glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets
separated by narrow lamina. Antennae attaining to
elytral two thirds, from antennomere 3 feebly den¬
tate; antennomere 3 ca. 6 times longer than anten¬
nomere 2 and 1.15 times longer than antennomere
4; antennomeres 3-11 with short decumbent pu¬
bescence and longer pre-apical and apical bristles
(Plate 79 fig. 1). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.2 times
as wide as long, with almost straight sides, almost
straight basally and triangularly projected anterior¬
ly, with acute posterior and conspicuous blunt ante¬
rior angles; median cell narrow, extending to ante-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
rior nnargin; lateral carinae slightly convex; anterior
cells slightly diverging anteriorly, fornned by straight
antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle snnall,
short, not hooded. Scutellunn subquadrate, paral¬
lel-sided, deeply ennarginate at apex (Plate 79 fig.
1). Elytra long, ca. 3.8 tinnes longer than wide at
hunneri, parallel-sided, with four equally developed
prinnary costae; interstices 1-2 with one row of cells
in third fourth; interstices 3-4 with double rows of
cells only at proxinnal fifths; dense pubescence
short and decunnbent (Plate 79 fig. 1). Tibiae and
fennoris straight, narrow; tarsonneres 3-4 widened,
with connplete plantar pad (tarsonneres 1-2 with
nninute apical plantar pad). Male aedeagus with
narrow, slightly bent in lateral view nnedian lobe;
inner sac with conspicuous lateral teeth and long
whiskers; phallobase with elongate, fully sclero-
tised paranneres-like process, senni-enveloping nne¬
dian lobe and constituting ca. 0.6 length of nnedian
lobe (Plate 79 figs 2-3).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Porrostoma mystax
nov. can be separated fronn the habitually sinnilar
P. exile sp. nov. by the long, narrow, slightly bent in
lateral view nnedian lobe of the aedeagus, with long
inner sac whiskers (Plate 79 figs 2-3). By the shape
of the aedeagus the new species also resennbles
Procautires multipilosus Kazantsev, 2016, differing
by the slenderer body, nnore transverse pronotunn,
as well as by the conspicuously less pilose and no¬
ticeably bent nnedian lobe of the aedeagus.
Distribution: Known only fronn Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Porrostoma semiflavum sp. nov. (Plate 79 figs 4-6)
Holotype 6' NME: E Indonesia, Irian Jaya, 35 knn S
Nabire, Topo Bunni R., 150 nn, 13.1.1996, A. Weigel leg.
Pa retypes 2(5' ICM & NME: E Indonesia, Irian Jaya, 50
knn S Nabire, llaga Road, Station Pusppenssat, 300 nn,
03°29.5’S, 135°43.8’E, VIII-IX.1991, P. Hoyes leg.; E In¬
donesia, Irian Jaya, 50 km S Nabire, Pusppenssat, 750
m, 31.XII.1997, A. Weigel leg.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Latin for “half yellow”, allud¬
ing to its coloration.
Description: Length 11.0-12.8 nnnn. Width across
hunneri 2. 8-2. 9 nnnn.
Dark brown to black. Antennonnere 1 proxinnally,
antennonnere 2, pronotal disk, elytral proxinnal
fifth, scutellunn distally, ventrunn, trochanters,
tibiae proxinnally and internally testaceous. Ros-
trunn short. Vertex with pronninent transverse oval
innpression behind antennal pronninence. Eyes
nnoderately large, interocular distance subequal in
length to eye dianneter. Labrunn transverse, round¬
ed anteriorly; epistonna concave. Palps slender; ul-
tinnate palponneres elongate, narrow, narrowed dis¬
tally, glabrous at apex. Antennal sockets separated
by nninute lannina. Antennae attaining to elytral two
thirds, fronn antennonnere flabellate; antennonnere
3 ca. 12 tinnes longer than antennonnere 2 and ca.
1.4 tinnes longer than antennonnere 4; flabellunn of
antennonnere 3 ca. 1.1 tinnes, flabellunn of antenno¬
nnere 4 ca. 1.7 tinnes and flabellunn of antennonnere
5 ca. 1.6 tinnes longer than relevant antennal stenn;
antennonneres 3-11 with short dense decunnbent
pubescence (Plate 79 fig. 4). Pronotunn transverse,
ca. 1.3 tinnes as wide as long, noticeably narrowing
anteriorly, bisinuate basally and nnoderately senni-
circularly projected anteriorly, with convex sides,
nninute pointed posterior and noticeable blunt an¬
terior angles; nnedian cell narrow, extending ca. to
pronotal 0.75; lateral carinae curved; anterior cells
diverging anteriorly, fornned by outwardly curved
antero-lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle pronn¬
inent, slightly protruding, not hooded. Scutellunn
transverse, narrowing distally, triangularly ennargin¬
ate at apex (Plate 79 fig. 4). Elytra long, ca. 3 tinnes
longer than wide at hunneri, slightly widening distal¬
ly, with four strong, equally developed prinnary cos¬
tae; interstices with double rows of regular nnostly
transverse rectangular cells; bottonn of cells gla¬
brous; pubescence nninute and decunnbent (Plate
79 fig. 4). Tibiae and fennoris straight, fennoris
relatively broad, tibiae narrow; tarsonneres 2-4 wid¬
ened, plantar pad on tarsonneres 1-4, in tarsonnere
1 occupying ca. half its length. Male aedeagus with
straight, narrow, slightly widened distally nnedian
lobe; inner sac with paired lateral and vertical distal
bulges; phallobasal nnennbrane elongate, oval, at¬
taining to ca. 0.4 of nnedian lobe (Plate 79 figs 5-6).
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Porrostoma semiflavum
sp. nov. nnay be distinguished fronn the nnorpho-
logically sinnilar P. loriae (Kleine, 1926), connb. nov.
and P fuscum sp. nov. by the coloration, convex
pronotal sides, pointed posterior pronotal angles
and shorter antennal flabellae, as well as by the
only slightly widened distally nnedian lobe of the
aedeagus with nnore pronninent inner sac bulges
(Plate 79 figs 4-6).
Variation. In one of the paratypes the pronotunn is
entirely testaceous and only half of elytra is black.
Distribution: Known only fronn Irian Jaya, Indone¬
sian New Guinea.
400
Kazantsev, S.V.: New Metriorrhynchine taxa from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(plates 62-79)
Procautires Kleine, 1925
Procautires Kleine, 1925: 32.
Type species: P toxopei Kleine, 1925: 32, by
nn 0 n oty py.
Notes: The genus Procautires Kleine, 1925 is one
of the endennics of the Australian and Papuan re¬
gions. Twenty seven species of this genus have so
far been known, with twenty six recorded in New
Guinea and on the adjacent islands (Kleine 1926;
1933; 1935; Bocak 2002; Kazantsev 2016a).
Procautires cirratus sp. nov. (Plate 79 figs 7-9)
Holotype 6' ICM: Papua New Guinea, 10 km N Madang,
2 km NNW Riwo, 9-11.11.1989, M. & R. Holyhski leg.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne of the new spe¬
cies is derived fronn the Latin for “curly-haired”, al¬
luding to its inner sac cirri.
Description: Length 4.5 nnnn. Width across hu¬
meri 1.0 mm.
Uniformly dark brown to black. Vertex with two
small deep oblique impressions behind antennal
prominence. Eyes small, interocular distance ca.
1.7 times greater than eye diameter. Labrum small,
transverse, rounded anteriorly. Palps slender; ulti¬
mate palpomeres elongate, pointed and glabrous
at apex. Antennal sockets separated by narrow
lamina. Antennae attaining to elytral three fourths,
from antennomere 3 dentate; antennomere 3 ca.
6 times longer than antennomere 2 and 1.1 times
shorter than antennomere 4; antennomeres 3-11
with relatively long sub-erect pubescence (Plate 79
fig. 7). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.2 times as wide
as long, with almost straight sides, slightly concave
before posterior angles, bisinuate basally and con¬
vex anteriorly, with acute posterior and inconspicu¬
ous blunt anterior angles; median cell relatively
narrow, extending to 0.75 pronotal length; lateral
carinae slightly convex; anterior cells slightly diverg¬
ing anteriorly, formed by straight and narrow antero¬
lateral carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle small, short,
not hooded. Scutellum transverse, parallel-sided,
deeply and broadly emarginate at apex (Plate 79
fig. 7). Elytra long and narrow, ca. 3.75 times lon¬
ger than wide at humeri, almost parallel-sided, only
slightly concave in the middle, with four equally de¬
veloped primary costae; interstices 1 and 5 with
double rows of irregular subquadrate cells; inter¬
stice 2 with double rows of cells only at proximal
and distal fifths; interstices 3-4 with double rows of
cells only at proximal fifths; bottom of cells hairless,
glabrous; pubescence short and semi-erect (Plate
79 fig. 7). Tibiae and femoris straight, narrow; tar-
someres 3-4 widened, with complete plantar pad.
Male aedeagus with narrow, only slightly widened
before apex median lobe, with apparent inner sac
cirri (Plate 79 figs 8-9).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Procautires cirratus sp.
nov. resembles P. afiabeiiatus Kazantsev, 2016, but
is easily separable by the slenderer body, smaller
eyes, as well as by the narrow, only slightly widened
before apex median lobe of the aedeagus, with ap¬
parent inner sac cirri (whiskers) (Plate 79 figs 7-9).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Procautires fuscicoior sp. nov. (Plate 79 figs 10-
12)
Holotype 6' ISNB: Papua New Guinea, Madang prov.,
Baiteta, light, 26.VI.1996, 0. Missa leg.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the new spe¬
cies is derived from the Latin for “dark” and “co¬
lour”, alluding to its coloration.
Description: Length 5.3 mm. Width across hu¬
meri 1.2 mm.
Uniformly dark brown to black. Vertex with transverse
groove and two small deep round impressions be¬
hind antennal prominence. Eyes moderately large,
interocular distance ca. 1.2 times greater than eye
diameter. Labrum short, transverse, rounded ante¬
riorly. Palps slender; ultimate palpomeres elongate,
greatly narrowed, flattened and glabrous at apex.
Antennal sockets separated by minute lamina.
Antennae almost attaining to elytral five sixths,
from antennomere 3 dentate; antennomere 3 ca.
7 times longer than antennomere 2 and ca. 1.15
times shorter than antennomere 4; antennomeres
3-11 with short decumbent pubescence (Plate 79
fig. 10). Pronotum transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide
as long, slightly narrowing distally, concave before
posterior angles, slightly bisinuate basally and no¬
ticeably projected anteriorly, with acute posterior
and conspicuous blunt anterior angles; median cell
relatively broad, extending to 0.65 pronotal length;
lateral carinae slightly convex; anterior cells broad,
diverging anteriorly, formed by straight antero-later-
al carinae. Mesothoracic spiracle small, short, not
hooded. Scutellum about as long as wide, trapezoi¬
dal, semicircularly emarginate at apex (Plate 79 fig.
10). Elytra long, ca. 3.5 times longer than wide at
humeri, parallel-sided, with four equally developed
primary costae; interstices 1 and 5 with double
rows of irregular subquadrate cells at proximal; in¬
terstices 2-3 with single row of cells in the middle
fourth; pubescence short and decumbent (Plate
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
79 fig. 10). Tibiae and fennoris straight, narrow,
subequal in length; tarsonneres 3-4 widened, with
connplete plantar pad (tarsonneres 1-2 with apical
plantar pad). Male aedeagus with straight, ainnost
parallel-sided, but noticeably widened before apex
median lobe (Plate 79 figs 11-12).
Sexual dimorphism: Female is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: As the previous species,
Procautires fusc/co/orsp. nov. also resembles P. af-
labellatus Kazantsev, 2016, separable by the more
dentate antennae, smaller eyes, wider and shorter
median pronotal cell, as well as by the noticeably
widened before apex median lobe of the aedeagus
(Plate 79 figs 10-12).
Distribution: Known only from Madang, Papua
New Guinea.
Acknowledgements
It is my pleasant duty to express gratitude to
Dr. P. Grootaert (ISNB), M. Hartmann (NME) and
Dr. D. Telnov (The Entomological Society of Latvia,
Riga), through whose courtesy I was able to study
the Lycidae collections under their care. My sincere
thanks are also due to Dr. R. Holyhski (Milanowek,
Poland), Dr. A. Kopetz (Kerspleben, Germany), Mr.
V. Siniaev and Dr. V. Tuzov (both - Moscow, Russia)
for providing interesting additional material collect¬
ed during their entomological expeditions to New
Guinea and adjacent islands.
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Lyciden. - Nova Guinea. Resultats des Expeditions
sclentlfiques a la Nouvelle Gulnee 17: 309-321.
Kleine R. 1943. Neue Lyciden aus dem Ungarischen Na¬
tional-Museum (Coleopt.). - Acta Muse/ nafionalls
hungaricl, Zoologica 36: 145-156.
Laporte F.L.N.C., de 1838. Etudes entomologiques,
ou descriptions d’insectes nouvea ux et observa¬
tions sur la synonymie [continued]. - Revue ento-
mologlque 4 [1836]: 5-60, 1 pi.
Pic M. 1921-1922. Contributions a I’etude des Lycides.
- UEchange, hors texte 37/38 Nos 404-410: 1-28.
Waterhouse C.O. 1879. Illustrations of typical speci¬
mens of Coleoptera In the collection of the British
Museum. Part 1 - Lycidae. Printed by order of the
trustees. Taylor and Francis, London: i-x + 1-83,
18 pis.
Received: 05.09.2016.
402
Kirejtshuk, A.G.: New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Indonesian ...
(plates 80-81)
New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae
(Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Indonesian New Guinea
and taxonomic notes
Alexander G. Kirejtshuk
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, 199034, St.
Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: agk@mail.ru, kirejtshuk@gmail.com and UMR 7205 - Museum na¬
tional d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universites, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, Entomologie, F-75005,
Paris, France
Abstract: In the paper West Papuan Epuraea {Haptoncus) telnovi sp. nov., Amystrops {Amystrops) solitaria sp. nov.
and Carpocryraea gratiosa sp. nov. from Arfak Mountains (Doberai Peninsula), and also Trimenus {Schawalleria gen.
nov.) plicatus sp. nov. from Jayawijaya Mountains are described. An annotated list of species of the genus Amystrops
Grouvelle, 1906, notes on synonymy of the genera Carpocryraea Kirejtshuk, 1998 and Csiromenus Kirejtshuk et
Kvamme, 2001, position of “Amystrops bakeri Grouvelle, 1914” [junior synonym of Epuraea (Epuraea) latissima
Reitter, 1880)], “Amystrops camptoides Grouvelle, 1916” [Epuraea (Haptoncus) camptoides comb, nov.], “Apheno-
lia bakeri Grouvelle, 1914” [Trimenus (Trimenus) bakeri comb, nov.] are given. The lectotypes of Amystrops (Amys¬
trops) diiuta (Grouvelle, 1906a: 201) comb, nov., A. (A.) dubia (Grouvelle, 1903: 173) comb, nov., A. (A.) punctata
Grouvelle, 1906 and Epuraea (Epuraea) bakeri Grouvelle, 1914 are designated.
Keywords: New subgenus, new species, Epuraeini, Taenioncini, West Papua Province, type designation
Introduction
The nitidulid fauna of the West Papuan Prov¬
ince of Indonesia (formerly also known as West Irian
Jaya or Irian Jaya Barat) is very rich and includes
many endemic groups and species most of which
still remain undescribed. The author studied many
specimens from some collections where materials
from this area are deposited and found much more
than hundreds of new species presumably mostly
endemic. Among them there are many species of
the groups representing also some undescribed
genera mainly from the subfamily Cillaeinae Kirejt¬
shuk et Audisio, 1986 and many new species from
the subfamilies Epuraeinae Kirejtshuk, 1986 and
Cillaeinae. This paper aims to introduce four new
species from different epuraeine genera important
for understanding of structure and range of each
genus, and also make some important taxonomic
notes on epuraeines of the Indo-Malayan and Aus¬
tralian fauna.
Materials and methods
The specimens of three new species under
description originated from Doberai (= Bird’s Head)
Peninsula collected by D. Telnov and deposited in
the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of
Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZIN) and one new species
originated from Jayawijaya Mountains (between
Theila and Habema) collected by A. Riedel and de¬
posited in the Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde
in Stuttgart (SMNS) and partly in ZIN. Besides,
some type series and other materials for this paper
were obtained from the collection of Natural History
Museum, London (BMNH), Deutsches Entomolo-
gisches Institut (DEI), Field Museum of Natural His¬
tory, Chicago (FMNH), Institut royal des Sciences
naturelles in Bruxelles (IRSN), Museo Civico di Sto-
ria Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genova (MSNG), Mu¬
seum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris (MNHN),
and Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Univer-
sitat zu Berlin (ZMB). The studies were carried out
with usage of usual optical devices and the photo¬
graphs were taken with a Canon EOS 11 40D digital
camera with a Canon MP-E 65 mm objective and
combined using Zerene Stacker 1.04 software.
403
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Taxonomic part
Coleoptera
Nitidulidae Latreille, 1802
Epuraeinae Kirejtshuk, 1986
Epuraeini Kirejtshuk, 1986
Genus Epuraea Erichson, 1843
Type species: Nitidula decemguttata Fabricius
1792, non Olivier, 1790
Subgenus Haptoncus Murray, 1864
Type species: Haptoncus tetragonus Murray,
1864
Epuraea (Haptoncus) telnovi sp. nov. (Plate 80 figs
1-6)
Holotype 6' ZIN: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Do-
berai Peninsula, Arfak nnts, Syoubri vill., 1°06’40S,
133°54’36”E, 1510 nn, edge of secondary lower nnon-
tane rainforest, 12-13.IX.2015, white light, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 2$ ZIN: sanne label as in holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The epithet of
this new species is devoted to the collector of the
type specinnens, Dnnitry Telnov.
Description of nnale (holotype): Length 3.7, width
2.1, height 0.8 nnnn. Oval, slightly convex dorsally
and ventrally; dorsunn straw reddish with sonnewhat
darker head, prosternunn, nneso-and nnetaventrites
and blackish infuscations on upper surface of
head, nnedian part of pronotunn and unclear para-
nnedian stripes of snnall infuscations on elytra; dor¬
sunn and underside with slight shine; dorsunn with
nnoderately conspicuous, short and sparse, subre-
cunnbent yellowish hairs, about as long as distance
between their insertions; pygidiunn with shorter
and sparser hairs; underside with sonnewhat finer,
longer and sparser hairs. Head and pronotunn with
distinct punctures, about as large as eye facets,
interspaces between thenn about as great as one
puncture dianneter or sonnewhat greater (particu¬
larly on pronotunn), slightly and finely alutaceous.
Elytra with punctures shallower and snnaller than
those on head and pronotunn, interspaces between
thenn nnuch greater than those on head and pro¬
notunn, slightly and finely alutaceous. Pygidiunn
with finer and denser punctures, slightly and finely
alutaceous to nnicroreticulate. Prosternunn, prohy-
ponnera, nneso- and nnetaventrites very sparsely,
shallowly and finely punctured and with finely alu¬
taceous interspaces. Other sclerites of underside
with shallow and fine punctures (on abdonnen be-
conning denser and slightly coarser distally), inter¬
vals between thenn alutaceous to finely and densely
nnicroreticulated. Head nnarkedly shorter than dis¬
tance between eyes, subflattened, with tennples
not projecting externally behind eyes. Antennae
nearly as long as head wide; scape of usual shape,
sonnewhat longer than wide; antennonneres 2 and
3 subequal in length, following flagellonneres gradu¬
ally beconning shorter; club nearly twice as long as
wide, connposing nnore than third of total antennal
length. Labrunn with rather short obliquely truncate
lobes, nearly third as long as wide and with short
nnedian excision. Pronotunn slightly and evenly con¬
vex on disc, gently and evenly sloping to extrennely
widely explanate sides (as widely explanate as
antennal club wide), broadly arcuate at sides and
widest at basal third, with broadly rounded poste¬
rior and anterior angles, anterior edge trapeziunn-
shapedly ennarginate and posterior one shallowly
bi-ennarginate. Scutellunn strongly transverse, sub-
triangular, with angular apex. Elytra strongly wid¬
ened, widest at midlength, somewhat shorter than
combined width and leaving pygidium completely
uncovered, with rather gently sloping to sides (as
widely explanate as pronotal ones) and with trans¬
versely broadly rounded to subtruncate apices.
Pygidium subtruncate at apex, from under it sub-
angular apex of anal sclerite moderately exposed.
Mentum twice as wide as long, subhexagonal, with
rounded sides and excavate anterior edge. Ultimate
labial palpomere cup-shaped, about one and third
as wide as long. Ultimate maxillary palpomere al¬
most four times as long as wide, subconical. Anten¬
nal grooves with distinct both inner and outer edg¬
es and rectilinearly convergent and transversely
Joined posteriorly; postocular fossae not expressed.
Prosternal process strongly curved along coxae and
subparallel-sided before sharply widened apex with
broadly arcuate posterior edge, apex somewhat
wider than antennal club. Distance between me-
socoxae subequal to and that between metacoxae
more than twice as wide as that between procoxae.
Mesoventrite without carina. Metaventrite subflat¬
tened before emarginate posterior edge between
coxae. Abdominal ventrite 1 about as long as hypo-
pygidium, Hypopygidium with widely subtruncate to
bi-emarginate apex. Epipleura about 2.5 times as
wide as antennal club, subhorizontal. Tibiae sub¬
equal in width, somewhat narrower than antennal
club. Femora of usual shape, about three times
as wide as corresponding tibiae, metafemora with
convex anterior and posterior edges. Protarsus
about half as wide as antennal club and slightly
wider than 2/3 of tibiae, meso- and metatarsi
markedly narrower, claws rather long and simple.
Tegmen and penis trunk very weakly sclerotized.
404
Kirejtshuk, A.G.: New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Indonesian ...
(plates 80-81)
Penis trunk fused with its basal apodenne.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale differs fronn nnale
in snnaller and narrower body (with length 2. 7-2. 9,
width 1.6 nnnn), nnore broadly arcuate and nnore
narrowly explanate pronotal and elytral sides, nar¬
rower tarsi, widely rounded apex of pygidiunn and
hypopygidiunn.
Variability: Length 2. 7-3. 7 nnnn. The paratypes
are subunicolorous yellowish reddish with dark
head. Sonne variability is observed in puncturation.
Differential diagnosis: This new species is
very distinct fronn all subcongeners in its very wide
body, arcuate and very widely explanate sides
of pronotunn and elytra, particularly in the nnale,
and also connparatively long legs. The body in-
fuscations are sonnewhat sinnilar to those in the
Papuan-Australian Epuraea {Haptoncus) literata
(Reitter, 1880), although it differs fronn the latter
in its oval body with very widely explanate pronotal
and elytral sides, and also in the pattern of dorsal
infuscations, tennples not projecting externally be¬
hind eyes. Fronn other subcongeners with dark and
blackish infuscations on dorsunn (having, however,
another pattern of infuscations) and ainnost all oth¬
er nnennbers of Haptoncus the new species differs
also in the nnore oval, subflattened and larger body
with widely explanate pronotal and elytral sides,
connparatively snnaller eyes, although the ultinnate
labial palponneres and structure of the nnain aedea-
gal sclerites (penis trunk and tegnnen) of Epuraea
{Haptoncus) telnovi sp. nov. are sinnilar to those in
the group of species fornnerly considered in the tax¬
on Haptoncurina Jelinek, 1977 rather than those
in the representatives of Haptoncus sensu Jelmek,
1977, while the body shape of the new species
can be connpared with sonne nnennbers of Hapton¬
cus sensu Jelmek, 1977 (not Murray, 1864), but
not Haptoncurina. The only species which can be
connpared with the new species is the Polynesian
Epuraea {Haptoncus) takhtajani G. Medvedev et
Ter-Minasyan, 1973, which is highly variable and
sonnewhat larger its representatives looking sonne¬
what sinnilar to those of Epuraea {Haptoncus) tel¬
novi sp. nov. Nevertheless the latter differs fronn
the first in the nnore oval, subflattened and rather
shining body with very widely explanate pronotal
and elytral sides, snnaller eyes and nnore transverse
ultinnate labial palponnere.
Genus Amystrops Grouvelle, 1906
Type species: Amystrops modiglianii Grouvelle,
1906
Subgenus Amystrops Grouvelle, 1906
Notes on variability of the species of genus Amys¬
trops; This genus dennonstrates a wide range of
variability of nnany structures between different
congeners as well as within the sanne species
(particularly in Amystrops {Amystrops) nigripennis
(Redtenbacher, 1867), comb, nov.) which was a
reason for the proposal of nnany specific and ge¬
neric synonynns, while the genital structures of both
sex are nnuch less variable. A special variability is
observed in body size and outlines of body scler¬
ites, nnandibles, antennae and prosternal process
(Gillogly 1962; Kirejtshuk 1997 etc.) and this cir-
cunnstance was a reason for proposals of different
generic and species nannes for the sanne species
(Kirejtshuk 1998). At the sanne tinne these variable
structural peculiarities gave the nnain diagnostic
characters of the genus (Kirejtshuk, 1998). Sonne-
how such a pattern of variability shows nnany par-
allelisnns in other anthophagous nitidulids, nannely
in the Central and South Annerican genus Mystrops
(Mystropini Murray, 1864 within Nitidulinae s. str.)
and Afro-Asian genera Pria Stephens, 1829, Cryp-
tarchopria Jelmek, 1975 etc. (Meligethinae Thonn-
son, 1859) (Endrody-Younga 1978; Kirejtshuk
& Couturier 2010 etc.). In all these groups these
parallel structural transfornnations seenn to be to
a considerable degree an expression of allonne-
tric growth. Most nnennbers of this genus available
in different collections rennain undescrided and,
therefore, it is rather probable that sonne synonynns
of these subgeneric nannes (see also the rennarks
in the below taxononnic notes) will be used for fur¬
ther designation of its distinct groups.
Amystrops (Amystrops) solitaria sp. nov. (Plate 80
figs 7-11)
Holotype 6' ZIN: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Do-
berai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Syoubri vill., 1°06’40S,
133°54’36”E, 1510 m, edge of secondary lower mon¬
tane rainforest, 12-13. IX.2015, white light, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nonninis: The epithet of this new spe¬
cies refers to the presentation of this species avail¬
able for the current study.
Description: Length 2.8, width 1.3, height 0.5
nnnn. Elongate oval, nnoderately convex dorsally and
slightly ventrally; dorsunn reddish with darker anten¬
nal clubs and sonne infuscations on dorsunn (head,
scutellunn, three longitudinal stripes on pronotunn
and unclear spots on elytral distal two thirds); dor¬
sunn and underside with slight shine; dorsunn with
rather conspicuous, short and sparse, subrecunn-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
bent yellowish grey hairs, about as long as distance
between their insertions; pygidiunn with shorter
hairs; underside with hairs as long as on head, pro-
notunn and elytra, but very fine and less conspicu¬
ous. Head and pronotunn with distinct punctures,
about as large as eye facets, interspaces between
thenn about as great as one puncture dianneter or
sonnewhat greater, slightly alutaceous. Elytra with
sinnilar punctures, very narrow interspaces be¬
tween thenn sonnewhat greater. Pygidiunn with fin¬
er punctures than those on pronotunn and elytra.
Prosternunn, prohyponnera and nnesoventrite very
sparsely, shallowly and finely punctured and with
finely alutaceous interspaces. Other sclerites of un¬
derside with shallow and fine punctures (beconning
slightly coarser distally), interspaces between thenn
alutaceous to finely and densely nnicroreticulated.
Head nnarkedly shorter than distance between
eyes, subflattened, with raised tennples sonnewhat
angularly projecting externally behind eyes. Anten¬
nae slightly longer than head width; scape of usual
shape, sonnewhat longer than wide; antennonneres
2 and 3 subequal in length, following flagellonneres
gradually beconning shorter; club about twice as
long as wide, connprising nearly third of total an¬
tennal length. Labrunn nearly two thirds as long as
longitudinal dianneter of eye, connparatively wide
lobes of labrunn nnoderately far projecting anteri¬
orly and with oblique apices. Mandibles nnoder¬
ately large with strongly elevated outer edge and
bidentate apex, although inner apical tooth rather
snnaller than outer one. Pronotunn slightly and
evenly convex on disc and evenly sloping to nnoder¬
ately widely explanate sides (as widely explanate as
antennal flagella wide), arcuate at sides, with nar¬
rowly rounded posterior and broadly rounded ante¬
rior angles, anterior edge very shallowly ennargin-
ate and posterior one ainnost straight and slightly
sinuate at each posterior angle. Scutellunn slightly
transverse, subtriangular, with angular apex. Elytra
slightly shorter than connbined width and leaving
pygidiunn and apex of previous segnnent uncovered,
with nnoderately steeply sloping to sides (as widely
explanate as pronotal ones) and with transversely
broadly rounded to subtruncate apices. Pygidiunn
subtruncate at apex, fronn under it apex of anal
sclerite nnoderately exposed. Mentunn about 2.5
tinnes as wide as long, subhexagonal, with rounded
sides and ennarginate anterior edge. Ultinnate la¬
bial palponnere slightly longer than wide and nearly
cup-shaped. Ultinnate nnaxillary palponnere ainnost
four tinnes as long as wide, subconical. Antennal
grooves with distinct both inner and outer edges
and rectilinearly convergent and with nnininnal dis¬
tance slightly less than width of antennal club;
postocular fossae unexpressed. Prosternal process
strongly curved along coxae before subtransverse
apex, apex about 1.5 tinnes as wide as anten¬
nal club. Distance between nnesocoxae subequal
to and that between nnetacoxae twice as wide as
that between procoxae. Mesoventrite without Ca¬
rina. Metaventrite subflattened before subangular
posterior edge between coxae. Abdonninal ventrite
1 about as long as hypopygidiunn, Hypopygidiunn
with widely subtruncate apex. Epipleura about 1.5
tinnes as wide as antennal club, weakly elevated
laterally. Tibiae subequal in width, sonnewhat wider
than antennal club. Fennora of usual shape, pro-
and nnesofennora about 2.5 tinnes as wide as cor¬
responding tibiae; nnetafennur nearly three tinnes as
wide as corresponding tibia, with convex anterior
and posterior edges. Protarsus about half as wide
as antennal club and slightly wider than two thirds
of tibiae, nneso- and nnetatarsi nnarkedly narrower,
claws rather long and sinnple.
Tegnnen nnoderately and penis trunk well sclero-
tized. Penis trunk fused with its basal apodenne.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale unknown.
Differential diagnosis: This new species is
characterized by its widely explanate pronotal and
elytral sides, connparatively long and narrow tibiae,
tennples sonnewhat angularly projecting externally
behind eyes, nnandibles with strongly elevated
outer edge and bidentate apices. These bidentate
apices of Amystrops {Amystrops) solitaria sp. nov.
have the inner apical tooth oriented obliquely dis¬
tally, while in nnost other cases if the inner apical
tooth is raised it is oriented nearly perpendicularly
to inner edge of nnandibles. The inner apical tooth
sinnilar to that in the new species is also known in
A. {A.) brittoni (Kirejtshuk, 1986) comb. nov. fronn
North and East Australia, Amystrops {Amystrops)
minuta (Gillogly, 1962) comb. nov. and A. {A.) retic¬
ulata (Gillogly, 1962) comb. nov. fronn Micronesia,
A. {A.) modiglianii (Grouvelle, 1906) fronn Mentawai
Islands near Sunnatra and A. {A.) novaguineensis
(Kirejtshuk, 1990) comb. nov. fronn New Guinea.
Amystrops {Amystrops) solitaria sp. nov. differs
fronn another Papuan species, A. {A.) novaguineen¬
sis connb. nov., in the wider and less convex body
with very short and recunnbent pubescence in
nnale, sonnewhat shorter antennae, tennples sonne¬
what angularly projecting externally behind eyes, in¬
distinct top of posterior angles of pronotunn, shape
of nnentunn and widely rounded to subtruncate apex
of anal sclerite. Besides, Amystrops {Amystrops)
solitaria differs fronn:
A. {A.) brittoni in the oval and sonnewhat darker
406
Kirejtshuk, A.G.: New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Indonesian ...
(plates 80-81)
body, gently and evenly convex dorsunn, connpara-
tively narrower head, explanate sides of pronotunn
and elytra, shorter pubescence, tennples sonnewhat
angularly projecting externally behind eyes, less
elongate club, and another structure aedeagus;
A. {A.) minuta and A. {A.) reticulata (based on its
original description: Gillogly, 1962: 161) in the oval
and sonnewhat unicolored body, gently and evenly
convex dorsunn, connparatively narrower head, ex¬
planate sides of pronotunn and elytra, shorter pu¬
bescence, tennples sonnewhat angularly projecting
externally behind eyes, longer and narrower tibiae;
and fronn A. {A.) minuta also in the not widely round¬
ed posterior pronotal angles;
A. {A.) modiglianii in the oval and darker body, gently
and evenly convex dorsunn, connparatively narrower
head, wider nnale nnandibles with nnuch shorter in¬
ner apical tooth, explanate sides of pronotunn and
elytra, not evenly ennarginate posterior edge of
pronotunn, nnuch nnore conspicuous pubescence,
tennples sonnewhat angularly projecting externally
behind eyes, longer and narrower tibiae.
A. {A.) aquila (Kirejtshuk, 1997) comb. nov. fronn
Mindanao (Philippines) in the snnaller, lighter and
less convex body with narrower pronotunn, denser
and finer dorsal puncturation, narrow and longer
labral lobes, shorter nnale nnandibles, tennples
sonnewhat angularly projecting behind eyes, nnuch
shorter nnale antennae with less elongate club, ter-
gite VI not exposed fronn under elytra and structure
of tegnnen;
A. {A.) diluta (Grouvelle, 1906) comb. nov. fronn
North and East Australia A. {A.) dubia (Grouvelle,
1903) comb. nov. fronn New Caledonia in the oval
and sonnewhat darker body, gently and evenly
convex dorsunn, explanate sides of pronotunn and
elytra, nnuch shorter pubescence, tennples sonne¬
what angularly projecting behind eyes, nnore or less
shorter nnale antennae with less elongate club,
longer and narrower tibiae, subtransverse apex of
nnale anal sclerite and structure aedeagus;
A. {A.) monticola Grouvelle, 1917 fronn Luzon (Phil¬
ippines) in the oval and darker body, gently and
evenly convex dorsunn, connparatively narrower
head, wider nnale nnandibles, explanate sides of
pronotunn and elytra, only slightly projecting poste¬
rior pronotal angles, nnuch shorter conspicuous pu¬
bescence, tennples sonnewhat angularly projecting
externally behind eyes, longer and narrower tibiae.
A. {A.) nigripennis (Redtenbacher, 1867) comb,
nov. spread in nnany areas of the Indo-Malayan
Region in the nnuch shorter pubescence, tennples
sonnewhat angularly projecting externally behind
eyes, clearly explanate pronotal and elytral sides.
subtransverse apex of nnale anal sclerite and struc¬
ture of nnain sclerites of aedeagus;
A. {A.) nitida (Gillogly, 1962) comb. nov. and A. {A.)
pacifica (Gillogly, 1962) comb. nov. fronn Microne¬
sia, and also A. {A.) puberula (Kirejtshuk, 1986)
comb. nov. fronn Australia in the nnore oval body,
gently and evenly convex dorsunn, finer and denser
puncturation, nnuch narrower head, tennples sonne¬
what angularly projecting externally behind eyes,
nnore or less expressed posterior angles (not widely
rounded) of pronotunn and nnarkedly thinner tibiae,
and also in the nnuch shorter nnale nnandibles and
antennae;
A. {A.) seychellensis (Kirejtshuk, 1997) comb. nov.
fronn Seychelles and A. {A.) subcalvus (Kirejtshuk,
1986) comb. nov. fronn Australia in the oval and
conspicuously pubescent body, slightly and gently
convex dorsunn, feebly shining integunnent, nnuch
narrower head and pronotunn, shorter nnale nnan¬
dibles, shorter nnale antennae, longer lobes of la-
brunn, tennples sonnewhat angularly projecting ex¬
ternally behind eyes, tergite VI not exposed fronn
under elytra and another structure of aedeagus;
A. {A.) titana Poussereau, Jelinek et Audisio, 2011
fronn Reunion Island (known to the author only fronn
its original description: Poussereau et al., 2011:
421) in the snnaller and oval body with different
coloration, nnuch narrower head with angularly
projecting tennples externally behind eyes, snnaller
nnale nnandibles, other proportions in nnost anten-
nonneres and particularly narrower antennal club,
narrower and longer labral lobes, narrower prono¬
tunn of another shape and with explanate sides,
shorter elytra with explanate sides, nnuch narrower
legs and another structure of nnale genitalia.
Amystrops {Amystrops) solitaria differs also fronn A.
{A.) punctata (known only fronn its original descrip¬
tion by Grouvelle 1906: 313) at least in the sonne¬
what larger body, shorter dorsal pubescence and
longer pronotunn with explanate sides.
Genus Trimenus Murray, 1864
Type species: Trimenus adpressus Murray, 1864
Subgenus Schawalleria subgen. nov.
Type species: Trimenus {Schawalleria) plicatus
sp. nov.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The nanne of
this new genus is devoted to Wolfgang Schawaller
(SMNS) who was friendly supporting the author’s
studies during nnany years.
Note: This nnonotypic subgenus can be easily dis¬
tinguished after the below diagnosis which could
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
be used also as a connparison of it. The species
description of Trimenus {Schawalleria) plicatus is
enough detailed for characteristics of the subgenus
as "descriptio generico-specifica”.
Differential diagnosis: This subgenus is very
distinct fronn the nonninative subgenus in the very
slightly convex (subflattened) body with extrennely
widely explanate pronotal and elytral sides (not
narrowly explanate or only bordered sides as in the
other Trimenus species), rather excised posterior
edge of the mesoventrite between mesocoxae (not
subrectilinear) and very wide epipleura. Trimenus
{Schawaiieria) piicatus differs fronn other conge¬
ners in the triangular labral lobes with acute apex,
tennples clearly angularly projecting behind eyes,
truncate apex of narrow prosternal process and
markedly sparser dorsal puncturation. These char¬
acters can be also treated as diagnostic for the new
subgenus.
Trimenus (Schawalleria) plicatus sp. nov. (Figs
1-4, plate 81 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' SMNS: Irian-Jaya: Jayawijaya zw. Theila u.
Habbema-See, 22.10.1993, A. Riedel, 2 800-2 950 m.
Pa retypes 7 specimens SMNS & ZIN: same label as
in holotype.
Derivatio nominis: The epithet of this new spe¬
cies means “plicate”, “folded” referring to charac¬
ter of the dorsal integument of its specimens.
Description of male (holotype): Length 5.7, width
2.5, height 0.8 mm. Elongate oval, slightly convex
dorsally and ventrally; blackish with lightened an¬
tennal flagella, mouthparts, protrochanters and
tarsi (reddish); dorsum with faint shine; dorsum
without conspicuous hairs; underside with fine,
moderately long and sparse hairs. Head and most
part of pronotum with distinct punctures, about
as large as eye facets, interspaces between them
somewhat smaller than one puncture diameter or
on pronotal disc punctures shallower and inter¬
spaces between them about as great as one punc¬
ture diameter, finely alutaceous. Elytra with more or
less distinct punctures about as those on head and
pronotum, interspaces between them as great as
one puncture diameter, finely alutaceous. Pygidium
almost microtuberculate, finely alutaceous to mi-
croreticulate. Prosternum, prohypomera, mesoven¬
trite and most part of metaventrite very sparsely,
shallowly and finely punctured and with finely alu¬
taceous interspaces. Median part of metaventrite
and distal parts of abdominal ventrites with small
sparse tubercles and alutaceous. Head markedly
shorter than distance between eyes, subflattened.
with temples clearly angularly projecting externally
behind eyes. Antennae markedly longer than head
wide; scape of usual shape, somewhat longer than
wide; antennomere 2 longer than antennomere 3
and subequal with each antennomeres 4 and 5, fol¬
lowing flagellomeres gradually becoming shorter;
club nearly 1.5 times as long as wide, composing
two sevenths of total antennal length. Labrum mod¬
erately short and with subtriangular lobes, nearly
third as long as wide and with angular median exci¬
sion. Pronotum slightly and evenly convex on disc,
gently and evenly sloping to extremely widely ex¬
planate sides (about 1.5 times as widely explanate
as antennal club wide), broadly arcuate at sides and
widest almost at basal third, with broadly rounded
anterior and acute posterior angles, anterior edge
shallowly and trapezium-shapedly emarginated,
and posterior one shallowly bi-emarginate. Scutel-
lum about twice as wide as long, subtriangular, with
narrowly rounded apex. Elytra strongly widened,
widest at midlength, almost one and seventh as
longas wide combined and leaving almost entire py¬
gidium uncovered, with rather gently sloping sides
(about as widely explanate as scape width) and
with transversely broadly rounded to subtruncate
apices. Pygidium subtruncate at apex, from under it
subangular apex of anal sclerite exposed. Mentum
almost four times as wide as long, subpentagonal,
with rounded sides and nearly angularly projecting
anterior edge. Ultimate labial palpomere nearly cup¬
shaped, slightly wider than long. Ultimate maxillary
palpomere almost three times as long as wide, sub-
conical. Antennal grooves with weakly outlined both
inner and outer edges and rectilinearly convergent;
postocular fossae unexpressed. Prosternal process
slightly curved along coxae and subparallel-sided
before somewhat widened apex, with broadly emar-
ginate posterior edge, apex about as wide as anten¬
nal club. Distance between mesocoxae subequal
to and that between metacoxae more than twice
as wide as that between procoxae. Mesoventrite
without Carina. Metaventrite subflattened before
angularly excised its posterior edge between coxae.
Abdominal ventrite 1 about as long as hypopygid-
ium. Hypopygidium with widely subtruncate apex.
Epipleura about 2.5 times as wide as antennal
club, subhorizontal. Pro- and mesotibiae subequal
in width and somewhat wider than antennal club,
metatibia somewhat narrower than antennal club;
protibia subtriangular and somewhat curved; me-
sotibia enlarged along inner side at apex. Femora
of usual shape, about 1.5 times as wide as corre¬
sponding tibiae, metafemora with convex anterior
and posterior edges. Protarsus about two thirds
Kirejtshuk, A.G.: New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Indonesian ...
(plates 80-81)
as wide as antennal club and protibia, nneso- and
metatarsi markedly narrower, claws rather long
and simple. legmen and penis trunk very moder¬
ately sclerotized. Penis trunk fused with its basal
apodeme.
Sexual dimorphism: Female differs from male
in somewhat narrower body, more arcuate prono-
tal and elytral sides, narrower tarsi, widely rounded
apices of pygidium and hypopygidium.
Variability: Length 5. 0-8. 8 mm. The paratypes
manifest some variability in coloration: from subu-
nicolorous yellowish reddish to more contrasting
one (as in the holotype). Some variability is ob¬
served in puncturation and sculpture of integu¬
ment.
Differential diagnosis: See the above diagno¬
sis of the subgenus.
Taenioncini Kirejtshuk, 1998
Genus Carpocryraea Kirejtshuk, 1998
Type species: Carpophilus familiaris Grouvelle,
1897
= Csiromenus Kirejtshuk et Kvamme, 2001,
syn. nov. (see the below Taxonomic notes)
Type species: Csiromenus calderi Kirejtshuk et
Kvamme, 2001
Carpocryraea gratiosa sp. nov. (Figs 5-7, plate 81
figs 4-7)
Holotype 6' ZIN: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak mts, montane ridge between lake
Gita & Gigi (Anggi Lakes), 1°23’33S, 133°55’02”E
10.IX.2015, 2200 m, primary mid montane rainforest &
suba I pine vegetation, inside Rhododendron blooms, leg.
D.Telnov.
Paratypes 36' ZIN: same label as in holotype.
Derivatio nominis: The epithet of this new spe¬
cies is formed from the Latin “gratia” (grace or
graceful) and “-osus” (having the quality of).
Description of male (holotype): Length 3.2,
breadth 1.1, height 0.7 mm. Elongate, rather convex
dorsally and moderately ventrally; subunicolorous
straw reddish with darkened discs of elytra (prob¬
ably because of showthrough of folded hindwings);
dorsum moderately shining and underside with
slight fat lustre; dorsum with extremely short and
scarcely conspicuous, rather sparse and recum¬
bent yellowish hairs, much shorter than intervals
between punctures, thorax with somewhat longer
and slightly conspicuous hairs, but uncovered ter-
gites and abdominal ventrites with moderately long
and moderately conspicuous hairs nearly as long
as distance between punctures. Some brushes of
the hairs oriented anteriorly located between poste¬
rior angles of mentum and forming a subsemicircle.
Head with distinct oval punctures, smaller or nearly
as coarse as eye facets, interspaces between them
about half of puncture diameter in the anterior part
and in middle, but much smaller at eyes and along
vertex, with almost smoothed or slightly finely micro-
reticulate. Pronotum and elytra with rather coarse
Figures l-4.Trimenus {Schawalleria subgen. nov.) plicatus sp. nov., paratypes S (ZIN): 1 - Tegnnen, ventral view;
2 - Penis (penis trunk with basal apodenne and arnnature of inner sac), dorsal view; 3 - Genital capsule (anal
sclerite, ventral plate and spiculunn gastrale), ventral view; 4 - Ovipositor, ventral view [scale bar 1.0 nnnn].
409
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
punctures nnuch larger than eye facets, separated
about by one puncture dianneter or less, with rath¬
er snnooth interspaces between thenn. Pygidiunn,
apex of tergite VI and anal sclerite with quite dis¬
tinct and dense punctures, markedly smaller than
on other dorsal sclerites, extremely narrow inter¬
spaces between them finely and densely microre-
ticulated. Underside with extremely fine and very
sparse punctures becoming denser in posterior
part of abdomen, interspaces between them aluta-
ceous to finely and very densely microreticulate at
abdominal apex. Head slightly depressed between
antennal insertions, distance between eyes near¬
ly 1.5 times as great as its length, without raised
temples. Antennae slightly shorter than head width,
scape of usual shape and twice as long as wide,
antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in length and
each about half as long as scape; their club subo-
void, about third of total antennal length, about
1.5 times as long as wide and with segments sub-
equally in length and apical antennomere widest.
Pronotum subtrapezoid and somewhat narrower at
apex than at base, moderately steeply sloping at
not explanate sides, anterior and posterior edges
almost rectilinear, lateral edges broadly arcuate,
anterior and posterior angles rounded. Scutellum
subtriangular, about 1.5 times as wide as long
and with angular apex. Elytra about 1.2 times as
long as wide combined, subrectilinear at sides and
widely rounded to subtruncate at apices forming
very open sutural angle; leaving uncovered apex of
tergite VI, pygidium and far projecting anal sclerite.
Pygidium transverse, almost twice as wide as long
and with truncate apex. Anal sclerite large and far
projecting behind pygidial apex, subtriangular and
rounded apex. Ultimate labial palpomere slightly
longer than wide, widest at base. Ultimate maxil¬
lary palpomere about 3.5 times as long as wide.
Mentum subhexagonal, about 2.5 times as wide as
long. Antennal grooves behind mentum smoothed
(without distinct edges). Prosternal process medi¬
ally curved along coxae and somewhat widened be¬
fore somewhat apex with widely rounded posterior
edge, its apex much narrower than antennal club.
Distance between coxae in each pair subequal.
Metavent rite subflattened and much longer than
prosternum with process, with distinct discrimen
and angularly excised posterior edge. Abdominal
ventrite 1 about as long as hypopygidium. Posterior
edge of hypopygidium subangular and with widely
rounded posterior apex. Protibia strongly curved
and dilated behind the middle, with prominent and
rather acuminate outer subapical process, at apex
almost as wide as antennal club; mesotibia curved
and angularly dilated at apex, with rather stout
spines along outer edge; metatibia simple and gen¬
tly curved along inner edge, with rows of moderate¬
ly stout spines along outer edge; meso- and metati¬
biae about half as wide as antennal club. Profemur
about 1.5 times, meso- and metafemora about 2.5
times as wide corresponding tibiae; posterior edge
of meso- and metafemora subrectilinear to very
slightly curved at apex; mesofemur widest at dis¬
tal third and metafemur widest at middle. Protarsi
three fourths as wide as protibia; meso- and meta¬
tarsi somewhat narrower and about two thirds as
wide as corresponding tibiae; claws slightly bulged
at base. legmen and penis trunk weakly sclero-
tized. Penis trunk not fused with its basal apodeme.
Sexual dimorphism: Female unknown.
Variability: Length 2. 8-3. 6 mm. A particular vari¬
ability can be observed among four specimens of
the type series available for this study in the expres¬
sion of sexual dimorphism of tibiae which seem
to not demonstrate any clear trace of allometric
growth depending on body size and do not correlate
with transformation of other structures. Some vari¬
ability is expressed mostly in the sculpture of body
integument of the paratypes.
Differential diagnosis: This new species is dis¬
tinct among its congeners by its shape of the prono¬
tum and body coloration. Besides, it differs from the
Indo-Malayan Carpocryraea familiaris (Grouvelle,
1897) and C. modiglianii (Grouvelle, 1897) in the
narrow and subunicolorous lighter body with much
longer elytra, tarsal claws weakly bulged at base,
peculiarities of sexual dimorphism in structure of
pro- and mesotibiae, and apparently its armature
of inner sac of penis; also from C. familiaris in the
posterior angles of pronotum not projecting posteri¬
orly. Carpocryraea gratiosa sp. nov. differs from the
Australian C. calderi (Kirejtshuk et Kvamme, 2001)
comb, nov., C. glabra (Kirejtshuk et Kvamme,
2001) comb. nov. and C. histeroides (Kirejtshuk et
Kvamme, 2001) comb. nov. in its light and subu¬
nicolorous body coloration, weakly bulged tarsal
claws, peculiarities of its sexual dimorphism in
tibiae and structure of the aedeagus; also from C.
calderi in the tergite VI not completely exposed from
under elytra, not clearly outlined antennal grooves;
also from C. glabra in the less elongate antennal
club and lack of fossa with long sensilla or setae
behind mentum; also from C. histeroides in the not
clearly outlined antennal grooves, and lack of fossa
with long sensilla or setae behind mentum. How¬
ever, the lightest representatives of C. glabra look
somewhat like the specimens of C. gratiosa.
Kirejtshuk, A.G.: New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Indonesian ...
(plates 80-81)
Figures 5-7. Carpocryraea gratiosa sp. nov., holotype 6' (ZIN): 5 - legmen, ventral view; 6 - Penis (penis trunk with
basal apodeme and armature of inner sac), dorsal view; 7 - Genital capsule (anal sclerite, ventral plate and spicu-
lum gastrale), ventral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Taxonomic notes
I. On synonynny of Carpocryraea Kirejtshuk,
1998 and Csiromenus Kirejtshuk et Kvannnne,
2001 syn. nov.
Kirejtshuk and Kvannnne (2001: 429) pointed
out that Cs/romenus has the “Histeroid-like habitus,
not large eyes, well outlined antennal grooves and
toothed tarsal claws (although tarsal claws of sonne
Taeniolinus are slightly bulbous or toothed at base
and antennal grooves... It is nnost sinnilar to Car¬
pocryraea Kirejtshuk, 1998b clearly differing fronn
the latter in elongate body with subflattened discs
of pronotunn and elytra, elongate elytra (longer than
their connbined width) and with transversely trun¬
cate apices, toothed tarsal claws...” Carpocryraea
gratiosa shows body and long elytra sinnilar to
Csiromenus, while it has the ainnost sinnple tarsal
claws and snnoothed antennal grooves as in Car¬
pocryraea. (although the antennal grooves in C. gia-
bra are not quite distinct). Besides, aedeagus of the
new species is nnore or less sinnilar to those in the
Indo-Malayan congeners and rather different fronn
those in the Australian ones. Taking into consider¬
ation also the characters of species of this group
rennaining undescribed (nnostly fronn New Guinea)
the synonynny of these taxa rises quite evident, al¬
though further studies will be able to elaborate a
subgeneric division of this group with use of Csi¬
romenus as a subgeneric nanne. Thus, three spe¬
cies described in the genus Csironnenus should be
considered as Carpocryraea caideri (Kirejtshuk et
Kvannnne, 2001) comb, nov., C. giabra (Kirejtshuk
et Kvannnne, 2001) comb. nov. and Carpocryraea
histeroides (Kirejtshuk et Kvannnne, 2001) comb,
nov.
II. The list of species of the genus Amystrops
The synonynny of this generic taxon was
discussed in sonne papers by Kirejtshuk (1986,
1997, 1998, 2008), which include Propetes
Reitter, 1975 non Walker, 1851 et nec Menge,
1854; Amystrops Grouvelle, 1906; Piatychorinus
Grouvelle, 1906; Piatychoropsis Grouvelle, 1912;
Haptoncognathus Gillogly, 1962. The nnost type
series of the species were described by the authors
and published in the above-nnentioned papers and
cited in the below list. In cases when the infornnation
on the studied type series was not published before,
it is added after the nnention of a certain species
nanne in the below list. Most species included in
this genus were recently treated as nnennbers
of the genus Propetes (oldest synonynn). As the
latter nanne proposed for three different aninnal
groups (Walker 1851: Auchenorrhyncha; Menge
1854: Aranaea and Reitter 1875: Coleoptera), the
currently valid nanne was defined by Kirejtshuk
(2005, 2008). However new connbination for all
species of this genus was not yet indicated in the
previous papers and nnany species nannes here
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
are first published with the correct connbination of
generic and species nannes in accordance with the
current taxononnic interpretation.
1. Amystrops {Mandi petes) intrita (Kirejtshuk,
1997: 123) comb. nov. [Propetes, Manof/petes].
Vietnann.
2. Amystrops {Mandi petes) longipes (Kirejtshuk,
1997: 125) comb. nov. [Propetes, Mandipetes].
Philippines (Mindanao).
3. Amystrops {Amystrops) aquila (Kirejtshuk, 1997:
118) comb. nov. [Pro petes, Pro petes]. Philippines
(Mindanao).
4. Amystrops {Amystrops) brittoni (Kirejtshuk,
1986: 562) comb. nov. [Platychoropsis]. North and
East Australia.
5. Amystrops {Amystrops) dilute (Grouvelle, 1906a:
201) comb. nov. [Platychorinus]. Barat Daya Is¬
lands (Dannar Island). Type designation: lectotype
(BMNH) here designated by A.G. Kirejtshuk and 3
paralectotypes (BMNH, MNHN) designated by A.G.
Kirejtshuk - “Dannma I. 92-20”, “Platychorinus di-
lutus ty. Grouv.” (handwritten by A. Grouvelle).
6. Amystrops {Amystrops) dubia (Grouvelle, 1903:
173) comb. nov. [Mystropsj. New Caledonia. Type
designation: lectotype, male (IRSN) here designat¬
ed by A.G. Kirejtshuk - “Mystrops dubius Grouv.”
(handwritten by A. Grouvelle), male, designated by
A.G. Kirejtshuk and 3 paralectotypes (IRSN, ZIN) -
“Nouvelle Caledonie, He de Pins, Rec. Francoise,
ex coll. Fauvel”; 1 paralectotype (IRSN) - “Nou¬
velle Caledonie, ex coll. Fauvel”; 7 paralectotypes
(MNHN) designated by A.G. Kirejtshuk - “N-lle Cale¬
donia”, “Mystrops dubius ty. Grouv.” (handwritten
by A. Grouvelle); 2 paralectotypes (ZMB) designated
by A.G. Kirejtshuk - “77000”, “He des Tins”, “Mys¬
trops dubius Grouv.” (handwritten by A. Grouvelle).
7. Amystrops {Amystrops) minuta (Gillogly, 1962:
161) comb. nov. [Haptoncognathus]. Mariana Is¬
land. Paratypes were seen byA.KireJtshukin FMNH.
8. Amystrops {Amystrops) modiglianii Grouvelle,
1906b: 312. Mentawai Islands near Sumatra. Type
material: 2 syntypes (BMNH, MNHN (coll. A. Grou-
velle)) - “Mentawei,Si Oban, IV-VIII.94, Modigliani”,
“Amystrops modiglianii ty. Grouv.” (handwritten by
A. Grouvelle). The lectotype should be designat¬
ed among the syntypes of this species housed in
MSNG. Syntypes with body length 3.0 and width
1.6 mm.
9. Amystrops {Amystrops) monticola Grouvelle,
1917: 337. Philippines (Luzon). Type material: ho-
lotype, male (MNHN) - “Mt. Makiling, Luzon, Bak¬
er”, “3673”, “Type”, “Amystrops monticola Grouv.”
(handwritten by A. Grouvelle) with body length 2.2
and width 1.4 mm.
10. Amystrops {Amystrops) nigripennis (Redten-
bacher, 1867: 34) comb. nov. [Epuraea]. Type des¬
ignation: Kirejtshuk 1997: 117 (Sri Lanka). India
(Karnataka, Kerala, Asam), Sri Lanka, Myanmar
(Burma), Vietnam, China (Taiwan), Malaysia (Pah¬
ang), Japan (Ryukyu), Indonesia (Java, Lombok);
= bicolor Grouvelle, 1910: 244. Java. Type desig¬
nation: holotype, female (MNHN) -“Java, Soak-
abiumi”, “Type” completely corresponding to the
original description including the locality label, but
with missing determination label (the label “Amys¬
trops bicolor Grouv.” (handwritten by A. Grouvelle)
is pinned under a specimen with other labels “Java,
Rounes” and “Type”, probably erroneously);
= epuraeoides Grouvelle, 1914: 39. Taiwan. Type
designation: Kirejtshuk 1998: 303;
= formosiana Grouvelle, 1914: 39. Taiwan. Type
designation: Kirejtshuk 1998: 302;
= montana Grouvelle, 1913:102. India (Assam).
Type designation: Kirejtshuk 1998: 302. Also 1
syntype (MNHN) - “Dibrugarh, Abor, Kemp”, “Type”,
“Amystrops montana Grouv.” (handwritten by A.
Grouvelle);
= remote Reitter, 1973: 178. [Haptoncus]. Myan¬
mar (Burma). Type designation: Kirejtshuk, 1998:
302.
11. Amystrops {Amystrops) nitida (Gillogly, 1962:
163) comb. nov. [Haptoncognathus]. Mariana Is¬
land; Federated States of Micronesia: Western Car¬
oline Island. Paratypes were seen by A.KireJtshuk
in FMNH.
12. Amystrops {Amystrops) novaguineensis (Kire¬
jtshuk, 1990: 862) comb. nov. [P/atychorops/sj.
Papua New Guinea (Hagen Range and Kandep).
13. Amystrops {Amystrops) pacifies (Gillogly, 1962:
165) comb. nov. [/-/aptoncognathus]. Mariana Is¬
land, Federated States of Micronesia: Western Car¬
oline Island. Paratypes were seen byA.KireJtshukin
FMNH and ZIN.
14. Amystrops {Amystrops) puberula (Kirejt¬
shuk, 1986: 565) [Platychoropsis]. Australia
(Queensland)
15. Amystrops {Amystrops) punctata Grouvelle,
1906: 313 (original misspelling: “punctatus”). Men¬
tawai Islands. This species was described probably
after study of one specimen, but A. Grouvelle did
not mention it in his original description (Grouvelle
1906). He usually took a duplicate for his own col¬
lection when any type series was over than one
specimen. However, in the collection of MNHN
where the Grouvelle’s specimens are now depos¬
ited, no trace of such a duplicate of this type series
was found. In the text of the original description of
412
Kirejtshuk, A.G.: New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Indonesian ...
(plates 80-81)
this species is written: “Pygidiunn subtriangulaire,
environs aussi long que large, tronque au sonnmet
Chez le nnale et laissant voir le segnnent supple-
mentaire...” (Grouvelle 1906: 214-215). It means
that the specimen described was a male. Roberto
Poggi found one specimen in MSNG with the labels:
“Mentawei, Si-Oban, IV-VIII.[18]94, [E.] Modigliani”,
“Amystrops punctatus Grouv. ty.” (handwritten by A.
Grouvelle) and this specimen should be designated
as a lectotype.
16. Amystrops {Amystrops) reticulata (Gillogly,
1962: 165), comb. nov. [Haptoncognathus]. Mari¬
ana Island; Federated States of Micronesia: West¬
ern Caroline Island. Paratypes were seen by A.G.
Kirejtshuk in FMNH.
17. Amystrops {Amystrops) seychellensis (Kirejt¬
shuk, 1997: 121) comb. nov. [Propetes]. Seychelles
(Mahe).
18. Amystrops {Amystrops) subcalva (Kirejt¬
shuk, 1986: 564) [P/atychorops/sj. Australia
(Queensland).
19. Amystrops {Amystrops) titana Pousse reau,
Jelinek et Audisio, 2011: 421 (original misspelling:
“titanus”). Reunion Island.
III. Position of “Amystrops baker!” Grouvelle,
1914: 536
The type series of this species includes two
males (MNFIN; lectotype here designated with
body length 3.2 and width 2.3 mm) - “Los Ba¬
nos, P.I.Baker”,”1637”, “Type”, “Amystrops Baker!
Grouv.” (handwritten), “coll. A. Grouvelle” which
correspond completely with the specimens of Ep-
uraea {Epuraea) iatissima Reitter, 1880 defined
in the monograph by Kirejtshuk (1998: 158) and
thereafter “Amystrops baker!” should be regarded
as a Junior synonym: Epuraea (Epuraea) Iatissima
Reitter, 1880 (= bakeri Grouvelle, 1914 comb,
nov., syn. nov.)
Thus, the range of this species after the pub¬
lication by Kirejtshuk (1988) and new data on the
synonymyof it includes India (Uttaranchal Pradesh),
Sri Lanka, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia (Malakka), In¬
donesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan), Taiwan and
Philippines (Luzon).
IV. Position of “Amystrops camptoides” Grou¬
velle, 1916: 314
The type series of this species includes only
the holotype, male (MNFIN) with body length 2.4
and width 1.6 mm - “Mt. Makling, Luzon, Baker”,
”367”, “Type”, “Amystrops camptoides Grouv.”
(handwritten by A. Grouvelle), “coll. A. Grouvelle”
(MNFIN). This specimen has no diagnostic charac¬
ter making it possible to consider it among mem¬
bers of Amystrops, because its head appendages
(labrum, mandibles and antennae) as those in spe¬
cies of Epuraea sensu lato but not those in spe¬
cies of Amystrops, and its elytra with transversely
truncate apices leaving uncovered only apex of the
pygidium (rather as in representatives of the sub¬
genus Epuraea sensu str.). At the same time, the
ultimate labial palpomere of “Amystrops camptoi¬
des” is transverse and has almost cup-like shape
as that in the wide and comparatively convex repre¬
sentatives of Epuraea {Haptoncus) and the appear¬
ance of it looks like some wide Haptoncus species
(E. (H.) fanuii Gillogly, 1982, E. (H.) ovaiis Murray,
1864 and unicoloured E. (H.) takhtajani), although
the pygidium of all these Haptoncus species, in
contrast to “Amystrops camptoides”, completely or
mostly remains uncovered by elytra. Besides, the
holotype of “Amystrops camptoides” has the male
metatibiae similar to those in E. (H.) luteola Erich-
son, 1843. Thus, the species under consideration
should be assigned to the subgenus Haptoncus
and its taxonomic interpretation should be Epuraea
{Haptoncus) camptoides (Grouvelle, 1916) comb,
nov.
V. Position of “Aphenolia bakeri” Grouvelle,
1914: 539
The type series of this species includes only the
holotype, female (MNFIN) with body length 3.1 and
width 1.5 mm - “Los Banoa, P.L. Baker”, “Apheno¬
lia Bakeri Grouv.” (handwritten by A. Grouvelle). The
specimen examined demonstrates the structure of
head (labrum, palpi, mentum and eyes), shape of
pronotum and elytra of this specimen are similar
those in most species of Trimenus rather than oth¬
er epuraeine genera. Besides, its meso- and meta¬
tarsi are with simple tarsomeres 1-3. Thus, this
species should be considered in composition of the
subgenus Trimenus sensu str. and its taxonomic in¬
terpretation should be Trimenus {Trimenus) bakeri
(Grouvelle, 1914) comb. nov.
Acknowledgements
The author express his great gratitude to D.
Tel nov (The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga)
and W. Schawaller (SMNS) for providing unnamed
specimens for study, and also M.V.L. Barclay
(BMNH), N. Berti (MNHN), M. Brendel (BMNH), K.
Decender (IRSN), A. Descarpentries (MNFIN), L. Di-
eckmann (DEI), P.M. Flammond (BMNFI), F. Flieke
(ZMB), B. Jaeger (ZMB), M. Kerley (BMNH), A. Nel
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
(MNHN), A.F. Newton (FMNH), R. Poggi (MSNG),
W. Schawaller (SMSN), M. Uhlig (ZMB) for other
nnaterials for this and other author’s studies. A.G.
Kovalev (All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection of
the Russian Acadenny of Agricultural Sciences, St.
Petersburg-Pushkin) assisted the author in prepa¬
ration of the pictures of Carpocryraea gratiosa sp.
nov. for this paper.
The studies were partly carried out under the
frannework of the Russian state research project
no. AAAA-A17-117030310210-3, progrannnne ‘Re¬
search in Paris’ of the City of Paris (Mairie de Paris),
progrannnne of the Presidiunn of the Russian Acad¬
enny of Sciences “Evolution of organic world and
planetary processes”, Sorbonne Universites (Pro¬
grannnne d’Accueil de chercheurs de haut niveau)
and the Russian Foundation of Basic Research
(grant 15-04-02971-a).
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Grouvelle A. 1913. Zoological Results of the Abor Ex¬
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Nitidididae, Colydiidae, Cucujidae, Passandridae
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99-117.
Grouvelle A. 1914. Nitidulidae des lies Philippines re-
coltes par C.F. Baker. - Philippine Journal of Sci¬
ence, Sec. D 9: 535-542.
Grouvelle A. 1916. Nitidulidae (Coleopteres) des lies Phil¬
ippines recoltes par C.F. Baker, II. - Philippine Jour¬
nal of Science, Section D 11: 313-316.
Grouvelle A. 1917. Nitidulidae (Coleopteres) des lies
Philippines recoltes par C.F. Baker, II. - Philippine
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Kirejtshuk A.G. 1986. [New species of sap beetles (Co¬
leoptera, Nitidulidae) fronn the Australian region. I].
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Russian].
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nitidulid beetles (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) fronn Aus¬
tralian Region]. - Entomologicheskoye obozrenie
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Kirejtshuk A.G. 1997. On the evolution of anthophilous
Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) in tropical and subtropi¬
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1/2: 111-134.
Kirejtshuk A.G. 1998. Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) of the Hi¬
malayas and Northern Indochina. Part 1: subfamily
Epuraeinae. - Theses Zoologicae 28. Koeltz Scien¬
tific Books, Koeningstein: 1-489.
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Kirejtshuk A.G., Couturier G. 2010. Sap beetles of the
tribe Mystropini (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) associ¬
ated with inflorescences of the palms cultivated
in South America. - Annales de la Societe ento¬
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Kirejtshuk A.G., Kvamme T. 2001. Notes on taxonomy
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409-436.
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124 pp.
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of Amystrops Reitter, 1875, and an updated check¬
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Received: 14.06.2017.
414
Lobl, I. & Ogawa, R.: A new species oi Scaphisoma Leach, 1815 fronn New Guinea and ...
(plate 82)
A new species of Scaphisoma Leach, 1815
from New Guinea and a new repiacement name
(Coieoptera: Staphyiinidae: Scaphidiinae)
Ivan Lobl Ryo Ogawa ^
1 - Museum d’histoire naturelle, Case postale 6434, CH-1211, Geneve 6, Switzerland; e-mail:
ivan.lobl@bluewin.ch
2 - Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Sci¬
ence, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nadaku, 657-8501, Kobe, Japan; e-mail: ailmasbl0854@
yahoo.co.jp
Abstract: Scaphisoma telnovi sp. nov. fronn the Doberai Peninsula, western New Guinea is described. This species
may be readily distinguished from New Guinean congeners by its colour pattern in combination with the body-size,
the shape of the sutural striae of the elytra, and the pattern of thoracic and abdominal microsculpture. Scaphisoma
distinctoides is a new replacement name for Scaphisoma distinctum Lobl, Ogawa, 2016.
Keywords: Coieoptera, Staphyiinidae, Scaphisoma, Western New Guinea, the Philippines.
Introduction
The genus Scaphisoma Leach is almost world¬
wide in distribution and is species-rich in the trop¬
ics. It was reported for the first time from New Guin¬
ea by Pic (1956) who described three new species.
Lobl (1975) redescribed these species, described
an additional 17 new species, and provided a key
for their identification. Subsequently, he described
six more new New Guinean species (Lobl 2003;
2014), and transferred the morphologically unusu¬
al Metalloscapha papua Lobl, 1975 to Scaphisoma
(Lobl 2003). Most of the 27 New Guinean species
of Scaphisoma are actually known from Papua New
Guinea, with only four (S. beccarii Lobl, 1975, S.
inornatum Lobl, 1975, S. loriaei Lobl, 1975 and S.
riedeli Lobl, 2014) being from western New Guinea.
Four additional New Guinean species were
identified within the collections made recently by D.
Telnov. Though all are represented by females, one
of them has a unique phenotype and is described
below as it is considered unambiguously distin¬
guishable.
Materials and methods
The body length is measured from the ante¬
rior pronotal margin to the inner apical angle of the
elytra. The maximal length and width ratios of the
antennomeres are given, measured from anten¬
nae mounted on slides, at identical magnification.
Characters of the metanepisterna refer to their ex¬
posed parts. The abdominal sternites are counted
from the first visible one (i.e., the third morphologi¬
cal sternite). The statements about abdominal mi¬
crosculpture does not refer to the intersegmental
membranes.
The habitus images were taken by a single¬
lens reflex camera (CANON® EOS Kiss X7) with a
macro photo lens (CANON® MP-E 65 mm Macro
lens) attached to a stand (LPL® CSC- 10). Focus-
stack images were then created with Combine ZM.
The labels are reproduced verbatim. The holo-
type bears a printed red “FIOLOTYPE” label. The ex¬
amined material will be deposited in the Naturkun-
demuseum Erfurt, Germany (NME).
Taxonomic part
Scaphisoma telnovi sp. nov. (Fig. 1, plate 82 figs
1-2)
Holotype $ NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe¬
rai Peninsula, Arfak nnts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, beaten,
leg. D.Telnov.
415
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The species is
manned in honour of its collector, Dnnitry Telnov (The
Entonnological Society of Latvia, Riga).
Description: Length 1.35 nnnn, width 0.9 nnnn.
Pronotunn and elytra not nnicrosculptured and not
iridescent. Head, pronotunn, and nnost of elytra
dark brown. Elytra each with snnall yellowish spot
near middle centered in basal third, larger yellow¬
ish lateral spot, yellowish along lateral and apical
margins, and with yellowish transverse subapical
band narrowed in inner part and extended anteriad
along sutural stria (plate 82 figs 1-2). Antennae
(Fig. 1) with length/width ratio of antennomeres
as: III 12/8: IV 22/7: V 29/8: VI 27/9: VII 35/14:
VIII 26/11: 1X33/15: X 34/16: XI 48/18 (holotype).
Pronotum with evenly rounded lateral margins,
lateral marginal striae barely visible in dorsal view.
Pronotal disc and lateral marginal striae with punc-
tation dense and very fine, barely visible at 30X
magnification. Ventral side of thorax and sternite 1
uniformly dark brown, apical abdominal segments
and appendages light brown or yellowish. Exposed
tip of scutellum minute. Elytra not flattened, with
lateral marginal carinae entirely exposed in dorsal
view, apical margins rounded, inner apical angles
not prominent, situated about at level with outer
angles (dorsal view); sutural margin somewhat
raised, sutural striae fairly deep, angled at base,
not extending along basal margin, parallel in mid¬
dle section, slightly converging in apical section,
finely punctate; adsutural areas narrow, flat, each
with single puncture row, lateral striae impunctate.
Elytral disc with punctation fairly coarse, much
coarser than on pronotum, with punctures well-
delimited, puncture intervals mostly two to three
times as large as puncture diameters, punctures
on apical section denser than on middle part of ely¬
tra. Hind wings fully developed. Hypomera and me-
sanepisterna smooth. Mesepimera slightly longer
than intervals to mesocoxae and about four times
as long as wide. Metaventrite not microsculptured,
very finely punctate. Median part of metaventrite
convex, with two shallow apicomedian impres¬
sions; lateral parts of metaventrite without ante-
coxal punctures. Submesocoxal areas about 0.03
mm long, as long as fifth of intervals to metacoxae,
submesocoxal lines slightly convex, finely punctate.
Metanepisternum flat, narrowed anteriad, inner
margin somewhat sinuate, nearly straight, suture
shallow. Protibiae straight, mesotibiae and metati¬
biae slightly curved. Abdomen with distinct strigu-
late microsculpture except on basolateral areas of
sternite 1, punctation barely visible; submetacoxal
areas 0.05 mm long, almost as long as third of in¬
tervals to apical margin, submetacoxal lines con¬
vex, with distinct marginal punctures.
Differential diagnosis: This new species would
fit into couplet 16 with S. baloghi LobI, 1975 and S.
tridentatum LobI, 1975 in the key of LobI (1975).
Scaphisoma baloghi may be readily distinguished
by its smaller size with the body 1.15 mm long, the
elytra each having a large, translucent spot, anten-
nomere IX almost as long as XI, and the metaven¬
trite microsculptured and with antecoxal puncture
rows. Scaphisoma tridentatum is almost as large
as S. telnovi but differs drastically by the light elytra
with each having a large dark spot, the metaven¬
trite with punctation denser on apicomedian sur¬
face than in its middle, and the microsculpture and
antecoxal puncture rows of the metaventrite as in
S. baloghi.
Figure 1. Scaphisoma telnovi sp. nov.: Antennomeres 3
to 11 [scale bar 0.1 mm].
416
Lobl, I. & Ogawa, R.: A new species oi Scaphisoma Leach, 1815 fronn New Guinea and ...
(plate 82)
Scaphisoma distinctoides nom. nov.
Scaphisoma distinctum Lobl, Ogawa, 2016 is a
junior honnonynn of Scaphisoma distinctum Blatch-
ley, 1910, an invalid subjective synonynn of Baeoc-
era apicaiis LeConte, 1860. The Junior honnonynn
is here replaced by Scaphisoma distinctoides nonn.
nov.
Acknowledgements
Our cordial thanks are due to Dmitry Telnov
(The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga) who
made the studied material available for examina¬
tion and to A.F. Newton (Chicago, U.S.A.) who point¬
ed to the homonymy of Scaphisoma distinctum.
References
Lobl I. 1975. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scaphidiidae (Co-
leoptera) von Neuguinea. - Revue suisse dezooio-
gie 82: 369-420.
Lobl I. 2003. New species of Scaphisoma Leach (Co-
leoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae) from Mt.
Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea. - Acta Zooiogica
Academiae scienttiarum hungaricae 48 [2002]:
181-189.
Lobl I. 2014. A new apterous species of Scaphisoma
Leach (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae)
from Western New Guinea. - Kiapaiekiana 50:
61-64.
Lobl I., Ogawa R. 2016. On the Scaphisomatini (Cole¬
optera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae) of the Philip¬
pines, IV: the genera Sapitia Achard and Scaphi¬
soma Leach. - Linzer bioiogische Beitrage 48:
1339-1492.
PicM. 1956. NouveauxColeopteresdediverses families.
- Annaies historico-naturaies Musei nationaiis
Hungarici (New Series) 7: 71-92.
Received: 27.09.2016.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
418
Medvedev, L.N.: New leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from New Guinea
(plate 83)
New leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
from New Guinea
Lev N. Medvedev
Severtsov Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin-
sky Prospekt 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: lev.n.medvedev@mail.ru
Abstract: Fifteen new Papuan species of Chrysomelidae are described, namely Coenobius telnovi sp. nov., Bucharis
rufus sp. nov., Stethotes telnovi sp. nov., Phainodina strigicoHis sp. nov., P. thoracica sp. nov., Pyrrhalta telnovi sp.
nov., Ano/cfes fulvoniger s^p. nov., A. nlgrlcoHls sp. nov., A. ornata sp. nov., Xen/cfea hartmanni sp. nov., Manobia Insu-
lana sp. nov., M. viridiaenea sp. nov., Sutrea fasciata sp. nov., S. trimaculata sp. nov., Trachyaphthona cyanipennis
sp. nov.
Keywords: Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Eumolpinae, Galerucinae, Alticinae, New Guinea, new species.
Introduction
Chrysomelidae of New Guinea are very poorly
studied. A large revisions of most all subfamilies,
including keys, were published by J.L Gressitt
(1965, 1966, 1967, 1969). Much later I also stud¬
ied on this region (Medvedev 2009, 2010, 2014),
discovered and described a large number of new
species again.
For example, a genus Stethotes Baly, 1867 in
Gressitt’s revision (Gressit 1966) was represented
by 41 species, among them 20 species were new.
But when I studied large material almost 50 years
later, another 29 new species were described.
The present paper is based mostly on mate¬
rials collected by Dmitry Telnov (The Entomologi¬
cal Society of Latvia, Riga) and received from the
Naturkundemuseum Erfurt, Germany. As a result of
this investigation, 15 species are described and il¬
lustrated as new for science (luckily only one new
Stethotes among them).
Standard methods for processing entomologi¬
cal material were used for this study. Specimens
were dry and glued on cards. Dissected male geni¬
talia mounted on same cards near each specimen.
Acronyms used in the text:
NME - Naturkundemuseum Erfurt, Germany;
CLM - Collection Lev N. Medvedev, Moscow, Russia.
Taxonomic part
Cryptocephalinae
Coenobius telnovi sp. nov. (Plate 83 fig. 1)
Holotype $ NME: INDONESIA E, S New Guinea, Me-
rauke 84 km NE, Sawaeoe vill. 4 km S, Marov riverbank
(upper Merauke River), 8°02’36”S, 141°00‘14“E,
18.IX.2015, 13-14 m, riverside vegetation, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. This species is
named after its collector.
Description: Black, labrum, fore basal antennal
segments and legs fulvous. Clypeus trapeziform,
as long as wide, distinctly punctate: inter-ocular
space almost as wide as length of basal antennal
segment, punctate, occiput impunctate. Antennae
reach base of elytra, proportions of segments are
as 12-4-3-3-3-6-6-6-5-5-8, preapical segments
about as long as wide. Prothorax 1.55 times as wide
as long, broadest at base, anterior margin with nar¬
row collar, side margins arcuate, surface without
any impressions, distinctly and sparsely punctate
throughout, but without basal row of punctures,
with acute basal lobe. Scutellum narrow, elongate
and impunctate. Elytra 1.2 times as long as wide,
moderately narrowed to behind, with regular rows,
well developed throughout, interspaces flat, shining
and impunctate except 3 outermost, which are dis¬
tinctly convex. Body length 1.9 mm.
Differential diagnosis: 7 Coenobius species
in New Guinea. C. telnovi sp. nov. is similar with C.
iaratana Gressitt, 1965, differs with entirely black
419
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
underside and distinctly punctate head.
Bucharis rufus sp. nov. (Plate 83 fig. 2)
Holotype $ NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak nnts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10”S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Derivatio nonninis: This nanne should point to
the colour of dorsunn of this species.
Description: Red, antennae fulvous with 5 api¬
cal segnnents black, bases of prothorax and ely¬
tra, elytral suture, margins of prosternum and mid
of meso- and metasternum narrowly black. Body
ovate. Head densely punctate, with longitudinal im¬
pression on vertex, inter-antennal space very broad,
clypeus short, trapeziform. Antennae reach base
of elytra, proportions of segments are as 9-3-3-4-
4-4-5-6-6-6-7, segments 7-10 distinctly widened,
1.5 times as long as wide. Prothorax 1.9 times as
wide as long, broadest at base, with almost straight
lateral margins, basal margin with short process in
middle, surface evenly convex, shining, with very
fine and sparse punctures. Scutellum small and
narrow, almost parallel-sided, twice as long as
wide, impunctate. Elytra 1.1 times as long as wide,
broadly rounded on apices, elytral rows thin and
feeble, interspaces of rows broad, flat and impunc¬
tate. Prosternum emarginated on apex. Body length
3.7 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Differs from a single
Papuan species, B. suffriani Baly, 1865, in red col¬
or of the dorsum and in different elytral sculpture.
Eumolpinae
Stethotes telnovi sp. nov. (Fig. 1, plate 83 fig. 3)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10”S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. This species is
named after its collector.
Description: Body entirely black, only basal an¬
tennal segment fulvous. Body elongate, slightly wid¬
ened to behind. Head with dense punctures, small¬
er on clypeus, vertex flat, without central groove,
ocular grooves indistinct. Proportions of segments
are as 7-5-7-7, next segments absent. Prothorax
1.15 times as wide as long, strongly narrowed to an¬
terior margin, side margins almost straight, surface
convex, densely punctate, interspaces narrower
than punctures. Scutellum triangular with rounded
apex, impunctate. Elytra 1.5 times as long as wide,
with cuneiform apices, with irregular punctures in
anterior quarter and along suture and more or less
regular rows in other part, with interspaces rather
broad and impunctate. All femora with small acute
subapical tooth. Segment 1 of anterior and mid tar¬
si moderately widened. Aedeagus (Fig. 1) without
any sculpture on underside. Body length 2.8 mm.
Differential diagnosis: About 70 Stethotes spe¬
cies reported from New Guinea. S. telnovi sp. nov. is
rather similar with Stethotes obscura L. Medvedev,
2009, but differs specifically in colour of antennae,
cuneiform apices of antennae and rather different
shape of aedeagus.
Phainodina strigicollis sp. nov. (Figs 2, 11-14,
plate 83 fig. 4)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak mts, montane ridge between lake
Gita & Gigi (Anggi Lakes), 1°23’33”S, 133°55’02”E
(2360 m) via 1°22’40”S, 133°55’56”E (2280 m)
to Pamaha vill. 1°23’14S, 133°55’irE (1960 m),
10.IX.2015, 2200 m, primary mid montane rainforest &
suba I pine vegetation, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 11 specimens: 5 NME & 1 CLM: same lo¬
cality as in holotype; 2 NME & 1 CLM: INDONESIA E,
W New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi
Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill. 2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10”S,
133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015, 1900-2480 m, primary mid
montane rainforest, leg. D.Telnov; 1 NME: INDONESIA
E, W New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi
Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill., 1°18’05”S, 133°54’24”E,
09-10. IX.2015, 2200 m, primary mid montane rainfor¬
est, white light, leg. D.Telnov; 1 NME: INDONESIA E, W
New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi
LakeSenv., Uper vill., 1°18’05”S, 133°54’24”E, 10-11.
IX.2015, 2200 m, primary mid montane rainforest, white
light, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: This name should point to
the conspicuous densely strigose sculpture of pro¬
thorax of this species.
Description: Head fulvous with metallic tint and
more or less bronze vertex, antennae black with 3-4
basal segments fulvous, prothorax bronze, scutel¬
lum and elytra fulvous, sometimes with darkened
small areas or entirely dark (Figs 11-14), underside
dark fulvous, legs fulvous; sometimes all upper-
side including head entirely fulvous. Body ovate.
Frontoclypeus strongly punctate, vertex convex,
impunctate, grooved medially, ocular grooves deep
and sharp. Antennae almost reach middle of elytra,
proportions of segments are as 7-5-5-7-6-6-7-7-7-
8-9, five apical segments slightly thickened, about
2.5 times as long as wide. Prothorax 1.6 times as
Medvedev, L.N.: New leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from New Guinea
(plate 83)
wide as long, broadest in nniddle, side nnargins ar¬
cuate, surface shining, densely longitudinally (at
sides obliquely) strigose. Elytra 1.4 tinnes as long as
wide, apices rounded, surface with feeble postbas-
al depression, distinct rows of punctures, feebler
on apical slope, interspaces flat, shining, narrower
than dianneter of punctures. All fennora toothed,
with large triangular tooth on fore legs and snnall
on nnid and hind ones. Tarsal segment 1 of male
moderately enlarged, triangular. Aedeagus (Fig.
2) strongly narrowed to base and deeply concave
on underside, apex subtruncate with small central
tooth. Body length in males 2. 6-2. 8 mm, in females
2. 9-3. 2 mm.
Differential diagnosis: 13 Phainodina spe¬
cies hitherto known from New Guinea. Phainodina
strigicoiiis sp. nov. differs well from its congeners
(Gressitt, 1969) in prothorax being longitudinally
strigose.
Phainodina thoracica sp. nov. (Fig. 3, plate 83 fig. 5)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.
2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10”S, 133°54’18”E, 09.IX.2015,
1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rainforest, leg.
D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: This name should point to
the conspicuous sculpture of prothorax of this spe¬
cies.
Description: Head dark metallic bronze with ful¬
vous labrum, clypeus and palpi; antennae piceous
with 5 basal segments fulvous, prothorax dark me¬
tallic bronze with middle of basal margin fulvous,
scutellum dark, elytra fulvous with blackish spots
(fig. 15), underside black, legs blackish with fulvous
bases of femora. Body elongate- ovate. Frontoclyp-
eus punctate, vertex densely micro-sculptured,
ocular grooves deep and sharp. Proportions of
antennal segments are as 7-5-6-7-8-8-9, next seg¬
ments absent. Prothorax 1.8 times as wide as long,
broadest in middle, lateral margin arcuate, surface
uneven, dull, densely micro-sculptured and longitu¬
dinally strigose. Elytra 1.4 times as long as wide,
with rounded apices, surface with feeble post-basal
impression, rows of punctures well-developed, but
feebler on apices, interspaces flat, finely punctate
and broader than diameter of punctures in rows.
All femora toothed. Tarsal segment 1 of fore legs
moderately widened. Aedeagus (Fig. 3) strongly
narrowed to base, with tridentate apex. Body length
3.2 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Very near to preceding
species, differs in larger body, different elytral pat¬
tern, but especially in densely microsculptured pro¬
thorax.
Galerucinae
Galerucini
Pyrrhaita teinovi sp. nov. (Figs 4, 16-18, plate 83
fig. 6)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi Lake S env., Uper vill.,
1°18’05”S, 133°54’24”E, 10-11.IX.2015, 2200 m, pri¬
mary mid montane rainforest, white light, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 1 NME & 1 CLM: same locality as in holo¬
type.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. The species is
dedicated to its collector.
Description: Fulvous, 5-6 apical antennal seg¬
ments, large spot on vertex, scutellum, poorly de¬
limited basal and lateral margin of elytra (almost
reduced in one paratype, see Figs 16-18), sides
of metasternum and abdomen black. Body elon¬
gate, 2.25 times as long as wide. Head and all
upper-side covered with white dense pubescence.
Clypeus triangular, large, well-delimited, sparsely
punctate, vertex dull, very densely punctate and
micro-sculptured. Antennae reach anterior third
of elytra, proportions of segments are as 8-3-10-
7-6-6-6-6-5-5-7, pre-apical segments about 2-2.3
times as long as wide. Prothorax 1.7 times as wide
as long, broadest in anterior third, lateral margins
very feebly arcuate, anterior and posterior angles
obtuse, posterior margin slightly emarginated be¬
fore scutellum, surface very densely punctate and
granulate. Scutellum triangular with rounded apex,
punctate and densely micro-sculptured. Elytra 1.2
times as long as wide, practically parallel-sided
with rounded apex, surface without any ridges or
convexities, finely and very densely punctate, with
micro-sculptured interspaces. Segment 1 of fore
and mid tarsi not widened. Aedeagus as in Fig. 4.
Body length 4. 8-5. 5 mm.
Differential diagnosis: A single species de¬
scribed from New Guinea, Pyrrhaita waiiacei (Baly,
1886), is larger and has prothorax with 3 black
spots. The species somewhat resembles P. hageni
(Jacoby, 1887) from Sumatra and Malaysia, but
has black apical antennomeres.
Anoides fuivoniger sp. nov. (Fig 20, plate 83 fig. 7)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, S New Guinea, Me-
rauke 32-23 km E, Wasur NP, 8°31‘22“S, 140°40‘48“E
(dry riverbed & pools) to 8°29’23”S, 140°36‘38“E
(semidry eucalypt forest), 16.IX.2015, 14-15 m, leg.
D.Telnov.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne should point to
the dorsal colouration of this species.
Description: Fulvous, elytra with very large black
spot, occupaying posterior two thirds except narrow
lateral and apical nnargin (Fig. 20). Body elongate
ovate, twice as long as wide. Flead finely nnicro-
sculptured, inter-antennal space broad and convex,
frontal tubercles narrow and a I nnost transverse, de-
linnited posteriorly, vertex with longitudinal innpres-
sion, deeper anteriorly. Antennae reach nniddle of
elytra, proportions of segnnents are as 12-6-14-14-
13-13-13-11-10-9 (apical segnnent absent), pre-
apical segnnents about 3 tinnes as long as wide.
Prothorax 2.6 tinnes as wide as long, broadest in
basal third, lateral margins feebly arcuate, sur¬
face micro-sculptured, rather finely and densely
punctate. Scutellum triangular with rounded apex,
densely micro-sculptured. Elytra 1.5 times as long
as wide, elongate ovate, broadest in apical third,
with explanate lateral margin, surface shining,
finely and densely punctate. Segment 1 of anterior
and mid tarsi not widened. Aedeagus (lost during
dissection) parallel-sided with rounded apex. Body
length 9 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Generally resembles
Anoides lorentzi \Ne\se, 1912 but head, underside
of the body and legs are fulvous and black pattern
of elytra don’t reach lateral and apical margins.
Anoides nigricollis sp. nov. (Fig. 21, plate 83 fig. 9)
Holotype $ NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Do-
berai Peninsula, Ayannaru vill. 23 knn SE, Aqafu springs,
1°23’15”S, 132°22’04”E, -330-340 m, 04.IX.2015,
prinnary lowland rainforest on linnestone, near the
springs, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: This name should point to
the dark colour of prothorax.
Description: Flead black with fulvous labrum and
dark fulvous frontal tubercles, antennae black with
fulvous basal segment, prothorax black, scutellum
fulvous, elytra fulvous with bluish black pre-apical
broad band, not reaching extreme apex (Fig. 21),
underside fulvous with sides of pro-sternum and
abdominal segments 1-3 black, legs fulvous with
apices of femora and tibiae (at least on upper-side)
black. Body elongate ovate, 1.7 times as long as
wide. Flead shining, finely and densely punctate.
Figures 1-10. Aedeagi of Papuan Chrysonnelidae, ventral view. 1 - Stethotes telnovi sp. nov.; 2 - Phainodina strigi-
coHis sp. nov.; 3 - P. thoracica sp. nov.; 4 - Pyrrhalta telnovi sp. nov.; 5 - Anoides ornata sp. nov.; 6 - Xenidea
hartmanni sp. nov.; 7 - Manobia viridiaenea sp. nov.; 8 - M. insulana sp. nov.; 9 - Sutrea trimaculata sp. nov.; 10
- Trachyaphthona cyanipennis sp. nov.
Medvedev, L.N.: New leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from New Guinea
(plate 83)
inter-antennal space narrow and ridged, frontal tu¬
bercles flat and poorly delimited. Antennae almost
reach middle of elytra, proportions of segments are
as 7-5-20-9-8-7-6-6-7-7-11, pre-apical segments
2.5 times as long as wide. Prothorax 1.6 times as
wide as long, lateral margins almost straight with
broadly rounded anterior angles and obtuse poste¬
rior angles, surface with microscopical dense punc¬
tures throughout and rather large sparse punc¬
tures, mostly behind middle. Scutellum triangular
with rounded apex, finely punctate. Elytra 1.35
times as long as wide, elongate-ovate, widest in
apical third, lateral margin explanate, surface shin¬
ing, confusedly punctate, with two pairs of regular
rows in sutural area and short scutellar row. Body
length 9 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Seven Ano/c/es species
reported from New Guinea. A. nigricollis sp. nov. is
similar with A. binotata Bowdich, 1914 (which also
has black thorax), but is different in head being
black, partly black underside and legs and in gen¬
erally different elytral pattern. Elytral coloration is
unique in this new species and differs well from all
congeners.
Anoides ornata sp. nov. (Figs 5, 19, plate 83 fig. 8)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, S New Guinea, Me-
rauke 24,5 km N, Salore vill env., Kumbe left riverbank,
8°16’26”S, 140°22‘50“E, 17.IX.2015, 10 m, sago
swamp & muddy riverbank, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: The name should point to
the conspicuous elytral pattern of this species.
Description: Fulvous, elytra with 2 spots in middle
and large pre-apical spot black (Fig. 19). Body elon¬
gate ovate, 1.6 times as long as wide. Head shin¬
ing, impunctate, inter-antennal space rather broad,
convex, but not ridged, frontal tubercles narrow and
transverse, delimited posteriorly, vertex with longi¬
tudinal impressed line. Proportions of segments
are as 12-6-10-12-11, next segments absent. Pro¬
thorax 2.2 times as wide as long, broadest before
base, lateral margins straight with obtuse ante¬
rior and broadly rounded posterior angles, surface
shining, finely and sparsely punctate, with a few
shallow impressions on sides. Scutellum triangular
with rounded apex, micro-sculptured and sparsely
punctate. Elytra 1.5 times as long as wide, elongate
ovate, widest in apical third, with explanate lateral
margins, surface shining, finely and densely punc¬
tate. Segment 1 of anterior and mid tarsi not wid¬
ened. Aedeagus as in Fig. 5. Body length 9.5 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Anoides ornata sp. nov.
resembles A. notabilis Weise, 1912 but is different
in more complicated elytral pattern represented by
3 spots (2+1).
Alticini
Xenidea hartmanni sp. nov. (Fig. 6, plate 83 fig.
10)
Holotype 6' NME: West Papua, Prov. Manokwari, 18
km. NW Ransiki, Anggi Giga Kampungitkai, 01°24’23”N,
133° 56’53”E, 1990 m, 4.III.2007, cutting area/prim
forest, leg. A. Skale.
Paratypes 3$: 1 NME & 1 CLM: same locality as in
holotype; 1$ NME: West Papua, Prov. Manokwari, vie.
Mokwam, Styoubrig, 01° 06’26” S, 133 ° 54’41” E,
1400-1800 m, 24-28.11.2007.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. I dedicate this
species to Mathias Hartmann (NME), who provided
me with rich Oriental Chrysomelidae material.
Description: Head and upperside metallic
bronze, labrum blackish with fulvous margins, an¬
tennae fulvous with darkened apical segments.
Figures 11-23. Elytral pattern of Papuan Chrysomelidae.
11-14 - Phainodina strigicollis sp. nov.; 15 - P. thoraci-
ca sp. nov.; 16-18 - Pyrrhalta telnovi sp. nov.; 19 - Anoi¬
des ornata sp. nov.; 20 - A. fulvoniger sp. nov.; 21 - A.
nigricollis sp. nov.; 22 - Sutrea trimaculata sp. nov.; 23
- Sutrea fasciata sp. nov.
423
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
underside and legs black with fulvous tarsi. Body
elongate ovate. Frontovertex microsculptured and
distinctly punctate, interantennal space narrow
and convex. Antennae reach middle of elytra, pro¬
portions of segments are as 11-8-5-6-6-6-7-7-7-7-
11, preapical segments about 1.7 times as long as
wide. Prothorax 1.5 times as wide as long, lateral
margins almost straight from base to angulation
in anterior quarter, surface microsculptured and
densely punctate, with interspaces smaller than di¬
ameter of punctures, antebasal depression feeble,
deeper in middle opposite scutellum, but sharply
delimited on sides with short longitudinal impres¬
sions. Scutellum triangular with rounded apex. Ely¬
tra 2.1 times as long as wide, without post-basal
impression, regularly punctate with strongly costate
interspaces of rows. Hind tibiae with feeble preapi¬
cal excavation, mid tibiae simple. Aedeagus par¬
allel-sided with long apical process (Fig. 6). Body
length in males 2.2 mm, in females 2. 5-2. 7 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Nine Xenidea species
hitherto known from New Guinea. X. hartmanni sp.
nov. is similar with X. pusilla Jacoby, 1894 which is
however smaller (body length 2.2 mm), has metal¬
lic blue dorsum, impunctate head and laterally not
delimited antebasal impression of prothorax.
Manobia insulana sp. nov. (Fig. 8, plate 83 fig. 11)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Do-
berai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gita Lake, Tombrok
vill. & surroundings, 1°22’09”S, 133°57’3rE, 06-07.
IX.2015, 1880-2200 m, primary mid montane rainfor¬
est, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 3 NME & 1 CLM: same locality as in holo¬
type.
Derivatio nominis: This species is named af¬
ter its locality, world’s second largest island - New
Guinea.
Description: Metallic blue, antennae fulvous
with darkened apical segments, sometimes basal
segment also blackish, underside bluish black,
legs black or piceous in females, with fulvous fore
and mid tibiae in males. Head sparsely punctate
on frons and vertex, frons 1.65 times as wide as
eye, frontal tubercles obliquely placed, sharply de¬
limited posteriorly. Antennae reach middle of elytra,
proportions of segments are as 7-4-3-3-5-5-5-6-6-
5-5, pre-apical segments about 2.5 times as wide
as long. Prothorax 1.5 times as wide as long, lat¬
eral margins almost straight, anterior angles not
angulate, hind margin without distinct basal lobe,
basal transverse impression moderately deep and
straight, with a row of punctures, rest surface shin¬
ing, with sparse and very small punctures. Elytra
l. 5 times as long as wide, with very feeble and
not delimited basal convexity, elytra I rows distinct
throughout, but feebler on apical slope. Segment
1 of fore and mid tarsi slightly thickened in male.
Aedeagus as in Fig. 8. Body length in males 2.3-2. 4
mm, in females 2. 5-2. 7 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Resembles Manobia
rectisulcata L. Medvedev, 2008 from Sulawesi, dif¬
fers with entirely black head, finely punctured pro¬
thorax, feebler basal convexity of elytra and differ¬
ent shape of aedeagus.
Manobia viridiaenea sp. nov. (Fig. 7, plate 83 fig.
12)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Dobe-
rai Peninsula, Ayamaru vill. env., creek Fan mu is between
the road and lake, 1°17’37”S, 132°14’48”E, -260-270
m, 01.IX.2015, limestone creek, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 32 specimens: 22 NME & 2 CLM: same lo¬
cality as in holotype; 7 NME & 1 CLM: INDONESIA E, W
New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Ayamaru vill. -8,3 km
SE, 1°18’54”S, 132°15’28”E, -360 m, 02-03.IX.2015,
primary lowland rainforest on limestone, white light, leg.
D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis: This name should point to
the colour of dorsum of this species.
Description: Upperside greenish aeneous, anten¬
nae fulvous with darkened 5-6 apical segments, un¬
derside and legs black or piceous, anterior and mid
tibiae sometimes fulvous. Head impunctate, frons
1.7 times as wide as eye, frontal tubercles obliquely
placed, sharply delimited. Antennae almost reach
middle of elytra, proportions of segments are as
7-4-4-4-5-5-5-5-5-5-7, pre-apical segments about
twice as long as wide. Prothorax 1.3 times as wide
as long, broadest near middle, lateral margins al¬
most straight, only slightly narrowed anteriorly, an¬
terior angles not angulate, hind margin with small
basal lobe, basal transverse impression feebly ar¬
cuate, densely punctate, rest surface shining, with
sparse and very small punctures. Elytra 1.45 times
as long as wide with strong, sharply delimited and
impunctate basal convexity, mid third of disc with
fine rows of punctures, more distinct in female, api¬
cal third practically impunctate. Segment 1 of fore
and mid tarsi not thickened in male. Aedeagus as
in Fig. 7. Body length 2-2.3 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Only one Manob/a spe¬
cies previously reported from New Guinea. M. viridi¬
aenea sp. nov. somewhat resembles M. dohertii
Jacoby, 1893 from Malaysia, but differs specifically
in strongly punctate basal impression of prothorax
and in shape of aedeagus.
424
Medvedev, L.N.: New leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from New Guinea
(plate 83)
Sutrea fasciata sp. nov. (Fig. 23, plate 83 fig. 13)
Holotype $ NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Do-
berai Peninsula, Ayamaru vill. 23 km SE, Aqafu springs,
1°23’15”S, 132°22’04”E, -330-340 m, 04.IX.2015,
primary lowland rainforest on limestone, near the
springs, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nonninis: The nanne should point to
the darkfasciate elytral pattern of this species.
Description: Black, 3 apical antennal segnnents
and anterior angles of prothorax fulvous, elytra ful¬
vous with transverse band in nniddle and apex black
(Fig. 23). Body elongate ovate, 1.8 tinnes as long as
wide. Flead nnostly innpunctate, clypeus triangular,
inter-antennal space narrow, but not ridged, fron¬
tal tubercles cuneifornn and convex, vertex with
sparse nnicroscopic punctures. Antennae reach api¬
cal third of elytra, proportions of segnnents are as
10-4-9-12-12-10-10-9-9-8-11, preapical segnnents
2.5-3 tinnes as long as wide. Prothorax 1.8 tinnes
as wide as long, broadest in nniddle, side margins
arcuate, anterior angles rounded, surface shining
and impunctate. Scutellum elongate triangular with
rounded apex, densely micro-sculptured. Elytra 1.5
times as long as wide, with fine and rather dense
confused punctures. Body length 7.5 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Fifteen Sutrea species
were known from New Guinea till now. S. fasciata
sp. nov. is similar with S. triplagiata Jacoby, 1904
(New Guinea) which is smaller, has different elytral
pattern and only terminal antennomere is fulvous
in this species.
Sutrea trimaculata sp. nov. (Figs 9, 22, plate 83
fig. 14)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, S New Guinea, Me-
rauke 24,5 km N, Salore vill env., Kumbe left riverbank,
8°16’26”S, 140°22‘50“E, 17.IX.2015, 10 m, sago
swamp & muddy riverbank, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 6 NME & 2 CLM: same locality as in holo¬
type.
Derivatio nominis: This name should point to
the conspicuous, trimaculate elytral pattern.
Description: Fulvous, elytra dark piceousto black
with 3 fulvous spots, anterior spots partly connect¬
ed with each other (Fig. 22), breast partly darkened.
Body elongate, twice as long as wide. Head impunc¬
tate, clypeus triangular, inter-antennal space mod¬
erately narrow, flat, frontal tubercles long and nar¬
row, touching each other. Antennae almost reach
middle of elytra, proportions of segments are as 13-
6-10-12-11-10-10-10-10-8-10, preapical segments
about 4-5 times as long as wide. Prothorax 1.8
times as wide as long, with lateral margins feebly
arcuate and anterior angles broadly rounded, sur¬
face shining, with very fine and sparse punctures.
Scutellum triangular, impunctate. Elytra 1.5 times
as long as wide, almost parallel-sided with rounded
apices, surface shining and very finely punctate.
Fore and mid tarsi of male with segment 1 feebly
widened. Aedeagus as in Fig. 9. Body length 4.7-
4.9 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Fifteen Sutrea species
were known from New Guinea till now. S. trimacula¬
ta sp. nov. is similar with S. wallacei Baly, 1874 but
differs specifically in elytral pattern, represented
with 3 partly connected fulvous spots.
Trachyaphthona {Longitarsella) cyanipennis sp.
nov. (Fig. 10, plate 83 fig. 15)
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Do-
berai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gita Lake, Tombrok
vill. & surroundings, 1°22’09”S, 133°57’3rE, 06-07.
IX.2015, 1880-2200 m, primary mid montane rainfor¬
est, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 6 specimens: 2 NME & 1 CLM: same local¬
ity as in holotype; 3 NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea,
Doberai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Syoubri vill., 1°07’16”S,
133°54’34”E, 1570-2100 m, primary lower montane
rainforest, 11-12. IX.2015, leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nominis:The name should point to the
blue colouration of elytra of this species.
Description: Fulvous, antennal segments 5-11
black, scutellum and under-side black, elytra me¬
tallic blue, hind legs black with fulvous tarsi. Body
elongate. Clypeus triangular, impunctate, vertex
finely punctate, frontal tubercles cuneiform, but
poorly delimited behind. Antennae reach middle
of elytra, proportions of segments are as 12-6-11-
11-11-10-9-8-8-8-10, pre-apical segments about
3 times as long as wide. Prothorax 1.8 times as
wide as long, lateral margins almost parallel-sided,
surface shining, finely and sparsely punctate, bas¬
al impression rather broad, especially in middle.
Scutellum triangular with rounded apex, finely and
densely punctate. Elytra 1.5 times as long as wide,
slightly widened to behind, with feeble basal con¬
vexity, densely and confusedly punctate. Segment
1 of anterior and mid tarsi not widened in male,
of posterior tarsi thin, as long as a half of tibia. Ae¬
deagus as in Fig. 10. Body length 3.3-4 mm.
Differential diagnosis: 1 species of Trachyaph-
thona s. str. in New Guinea. The species in question
differs from both Longitarsella species (L. binotata
(Baly, 1876) of South China, Vietnam and Thailand
and Siamese L notatipennis L. Medvedev, 2009)
in metallic color of elytra. It is rather alike in color
at T. (Zipangia) coeruleipennis L. Medvedev, 2009
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
fronn Laos, but differs in structure of hind legs.
Note: Trachyaphthona Heikertinger, 1924 was syn-
onynnized with Trachytetra Sharp, 1886 fronn New
Zealand (Konstantinov & Prathapan 2008). But
Longitarsella L. Medvedev, 2009 differs sharply
fronn Trachytetra in structure of prothorax and es¬
pecially hind tarsi, having very long basal segnnent,
so I prefer for the nnonnent to not include Longitar¬
sella in Trachytetra. In nny opinion several recently
proposed and published Chrysonnelidae synonynns
are doubtful or incorrect.
Acknowledgements
I ann grateful to Dnnitry Telnov (The Entonnologi-
cal Society of Latvia, Riga) and Matthias Hartnnann
(NME) for the possibility to study this highly inter¬
esting nnaterial under their care.
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Received: 18.01.2017.
426
Park, K.-T.: Checklist of the family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in New Guinea, with ...
(plate 84)
Checklist of the family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera:
Gelechioidea) in New Guinea, with description
of two new species
Kyu-Tek Park
The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Seungnam, Gyeonggi Prov., 13630, Republic
of Korea; e-mail: ktpark02@gmail.com
Abstract: A checklist of all 146 known species of the family Lecithoceridae in New Guinea is provided. Two species
of this family from Papua of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea are described, namely Lecithocera breiensis sp. nov.
and Aprosoesta iamineiia sp. nov.
Keywords: Checklist, taxonomy, Aprosoesta, Lecithocera, new species. New Guinea.
Introduction
The family Lecithoceridae is one of highly di¬
verse microlepidoptera, with more than 1230 spe¬
cies worldwide (Park 2015). However, it has been
poorly studied due to the economic unimportance
of its larvae, which mostly feed on dead plant ma¬
terial; few specialists on this group are available
worldwide. The family is highly diverse in the Ori¬
ental, Australian, Oceanian and Neotropical re¬
gions. In a faunal study of New Guinea (Papua New
Guinea and Papua of Indonesia), Diakonoff (1954)
reviewed the population diversity of the family in
the western part of the island (Papua of Indonesia),
reporting 78 species in the Gelechiidae group (31
species of Lecithocera Herrich-Schaffer, 40 spe¬
cies of Crocanthes Meyrick, and seven species of
little known genera including Asmenistis Meyrick,
Gonaepa Walker, Periphorectis Meyrick). He placed
all species related to the subfamily Lecithocerinae
in Lecithocera, and placed the others, whose gna-
thos were absent in the male genitalia, in Crocan¬
thes. Diakonoff also described Asmenistis semi-
fracta from Papua, based on a single female, but
did not illustrate its genitalia. The generic status
of semifracta Diakonoff is still uncertain and listed
tentatively in the subfamily Lecithocerinae.
Since this study by Diakonoff (1954), no com¬
prehensive work had been conducted on Lecitho¬
ceridae in New Guinea. However, since 2010, Park
and his co-authors have published several dozens
of papers on Lecithoceridae from New Guinea
(Park 2010, 2011a-h, 2012a-e, 2013, 2014, 2015;
Park & Byun 2010; Park & Lee 2013a-c; Park et
al. 2016), describing more than 80 new species
belonging to 12 new genera of the family Lecitho¬
ceridae from New Guinea. These genera include
Neopectinimura Park, 2010; Hamatina Park, 2011;
Neotimyra Park, 2011; Onnuria Park, 2011; Scoli-
zona Park, 2011; Strombiola Park, 2011; Crinellus
Park, 2012; Lacuniola Park, 2012; Sulciolus Park,
2012; Hannara Park, 2013; Lamprista Park, 2013;
and Pacificulla Park, 2013.
In New Guinea, a total of 146 species of the
family have been found, comparing to the 48 spe¬
cies known from the Australian Region. The sub¬
family Lecithocerinae is the most diverse group,
with 76 known species; the subfamily Crocanthinae
holds 68 known species, while Torodorinae con¬
tains only two species.
The genus Lecithocera from New Guinea cur¬
rently contains 28 known species. Lecithocera
nomaditis has been found in the nearby Solomon
Islands, and two more species, L perigypsa and L
lamprodesma, have been reported from Celebes,
Indonesia, an area located near the border of the
Oriental and Oceanian Regions. Meyrick (1925)
listed Brachmia thraneuta (Meyrick) and Lecitho¬
cera Caligula Meyrick as synonyms of L. Invarlella
Walker, and thus Diakonoff (1954) listed L Invarlel¬
la in the key of Lecithocera of New Guinea. The spe¬
cies Torodora thraneuta was described in India and
Sri Lanka (Meyrick, 1911), L Invarlella in Sarawak,
Malaysian Borneo (Walker 1864), and L callgula
was from New Guinea (Meyrick 1918). However,
the species Invarlella Walker is excluded from the
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
check list, because the taxononnic status of caligu- Walker and caligula Meyrick is still uncertain.
la Meyrick and the relationship between invariella
Table 1. Genera of Lecithoceridae and species richness recognized in New Guinea.
The genus Aprosoesta had been treated as a
junior category of Crocanthes by previous authors,
but was reclassified as a distinct genus by Park
(2015). A total of 12 species have been described
in New Guinea, with only one species, A. pancala,
occurring in both New Guinea and Australia (Park
et al. 2016). An additional new species is described
later in this article.
Materials and methods
The nnaterials exannined were based on nnateri-
al collected fronn Papua New Guinea by V.O. Becker
in 1992 and preserved in the USNM, as well as nna-
terial collected by R. de Vos and his colleagues fronn
Papua (fornner Irian Jaya) of Indonesia in 1993 and
preserved in the RMNH. Various types of nnaterials
are deposited in both nnuseunns.
Abbreviations used in the text:
ANIC - The Australian National Collection of Insects,
Canbera, Australia;
BMNH - The Natural History Museunn, London, United
Kingdonn;
MHUB - The Museunn fur Naturkunde Hunnboldt-Univer-
sitat zu Berlin, Gernnany;
USNM The National Museunn of Natural History, Wash¬
ington D.C., U.S.A.;
RMNH - Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalia (=
the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), Leiden,
The Netherlands.
Taxonomic part
Lecithocera breiensis sp. nov. (Plate 84 figs 1, la-
b, 3, 3a-b)
Holotype 6' RMNH: Bird’s Head Peninsula, Warkapi (nr
Breie), Primary lowland forest 500 m, at light, 12 xi
1993; INDONESIA, Irian Jaya, coll. A.J. de Boer, A.L.M.
Rutten & R. de Vos, gen. slide no. CIS-5992/Park.
428
Park, K.-T.: Checklist of the family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in New Guinea, with ...
(plate 84)
Pa retype 16' RMNH: Wardammen Peninsula, Tanida
17 km S Wasior, at light, 6 xi 1993; Indonesia, Irian Jaya,
coll. A.J. de Boer, A.L.M. Rutten & R de Vos.
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. The species
nanne is derived fronn the type locality.
Diagnosis: This species is sinnilar to L submer-
sa Diakonoff in the forewing pattern, with fuscous
scales densely scattered throughout, a pair of
black discal spots in the cell. However, it is nnuch
snnaller (snnaller wingspan than that of L submersa
at 16 nnnn), and the forewing is broadened toward
the apex. Differences between nnale genitalia of the
species are also notable.
Description: Male (Plate 84 fig. 1, la, lb). Wing¬
span, 12 nnnn. Head orange white on dorsal sur¬
face, with brownish scales nnedially. Pedicel of
antenna elongate, brownish dorsally; basal 4-5 seg-
nnents of flagellunn blackish, then light yellow with
brown annulations; apical and preapical segnnent
black. Labial palpus (Fig. lb) with second segnnent
thickened, dorsal nnargin nearly straight, brownish
on outer nnargin and light yellow on inner nnargin;
3'^ segnnent slightly shorter than 2"^ segnnent, with
acute apex. Tegula brownish dorsally, with black
scales anteriorly. Hind tibia slender, without hairs
above, apical part brownish. Forewing gradually
broader toward distal part; ground color light or¬
ange, fuscous scales densely scattered through¬
out, nnore dense in distal 1/4; blackish broad basal
streak extended to 1/5 length along costa; two
discal blackish spots, one before nniddle and the
other at end of cell; apex obtuse; ternnen slightly
concave; fringe dark brown with light orange basal
line. Hindwing light orange; fringe concolorous. Fe¬
male unknown.
Male genitalia: (Plate 84 fig. 3, 3a-b). Gnathos
strongly bent beyond middle, with sharply pointed
apex. Tegumen with band-like flaps laterocaudally
arising from both corners and forming triangular.
Costal bar with median expansion. Valva broad at
base; cucullus shorter than basal part of valva,
costa slightly concave, densely setose in lower half,
with more than 15 conic short spines along ventral
margin, with a bundle of bristle-like scales in basal
ventral corner; basal corner extended anteriorly,
forming a finger; outer margin gently rounded; apex
rounded; sacculus expended near middle, then
narrowed and acute apically. Juxta deeply concave
in U-shape on caudal margin (as arrow 1). Phallus
stout, shorter than valva, strongly bent at 1/3 on
ventral margin, dorsal surface sclerotized, bifurcat¬
ed apically; with a small, sclerotized, horn-shaped
cornutus beyond middle. Abdominal segment VIII is
shown in Fig. 3b.
Distribution: Papua, Indonesia (Doberai = Bird’s
Head Peninsula).
Aprosoesta laminella sp. nov. (Plate 84 figs 2, 2a-
b, 4, 4a)
Holotype (6 USNM: Papua N. Guinea, Madang, Brah¬
man Mission, 200 m, 11-15 x 1992, VO Becker Col.; Col.
BECKER, PNG 2986, gen. slide no. CIS-5923/Park.
Derivatio nominis: The species name is derived
from Latin “lamina” [plate of leaf], referring to the
plate of juxta.
Diagnosis: This new species is superficially sim¬
ilar to A. eremitatos Park, 2015, with less macu¬
lated wings and color pattern, and a very short 3'^
segment of the labial palpus. However, it can be
distinguished by its forewing, which lacks distinct
white subterminal line and has distinct fuscous
spots along the termen from apex to tornus, and by
the characteristics of the male genitalia as shown
in Figs 4 and 4a.
Description: Male (Plate 84 figs 2, 2a-b). Wing¬
span 10.5 mm. Head yellowish white, shiny, speck¬
led with brownish scales dorsally; frons yellowish
white. Pedicel of antenna slender, light orange
dorsally, dark brown ventrally; flagellum yellowish
white throughout, (beyond middle broken). Labial
palpus (Fig. 2b) with second segment thickened,
long, gently arched and recurved, basal 2/5 brown¬
ish, then light orange beyond; 3'^ segment (Fig. 2a)
short, less than 1/4 length of 2"^ segment, slightly
curved downward. Tegula covered with brownsish
scales, fuscous anteriorly. Thorax yellowish white.
Forewing ground color creamy white, broad black¬
ish streak extended to 1/4 along costa; quadrate
brownish patch before middle on costa, followed
by smaller one beyond 2/3; ante- and median fas¬
cia not developed; postmedian fascia indistinctly
presented, broadly diffused; discal spots obscure;
blackish spots presented along termen from apex
to tornus; apex obtuse; termen oblique, slightly con¬
cave medially, fringe light orange in basal half, dark
brown beyond; venation similar to that of A. eremi¬
tatos Park. Hindwing ground color same as the fore¬
wing; blackish discal spot at end of cell; subtermi¬
nal fascia brownish, arising from 3/4 on costa and
extended to tornus; apex acute. Female unknown.
Male genitalia: (Plate 84 fig. 4, 4a). Uncus elon¬
gated, with acute apex, about 2/5 the length of teg¬
umen. Gnathos absent. Tegumen with long lateral
plate extended anteriorly, anterior margin deeply
concave. Valva elongate, exceeding apex of uncus,
with heavily sclerotized apical spine; dorsal margin
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
with heavily sclerotized, digitate process before
middle; ventral margin slightly concave near basal
2/5; cucullus with long bristles on surface, dense
in lower half on upper ventral margin and sparsely
scattered below ventral margin, longer ones in api¬
cal part, a row of setae in lower corner of cucullus.
Juxta with a pair of long, symmetrical lobes which
are slightly shorter than tegumen with caudal mar¬
gin serrated (as arrow 2); sacculus broadly devel¬
oped, extended to lower corner of cucullus. Saccus
with flat on anterior margin. Phallus simple without
lateral process, slightly longer than tegumen.
Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Madang Prov¬
ince).
Check list of Lecithoceridae in New Guinea
Legends: TL - type locality; depositories of type speci¬
mens given in square brackets [ ]; ? - means that it is
not known where the type specimens are deposited.
Lecithocerinae
Asmenistis Meyrick, 1925
Type species: Lecithocera cucullata Meyrick, 1914
semifracta Diakonoff, 1954: 41. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
Crinellus Park, 2012
Type species: Lacuniola eremicus Park, 2012
eremicus Park, 2012: 220. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
Hamatina Park, 2011
Type species: Hamatina hemitoma (Diakonoff, 1954)
diakonoffi Park, 2011: 57. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
hemitoma (Diakonoff), 1954: 51. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
iriana Park, 2011: 210. TL: Papua, Indonesia [RMNH]
jembatana Park, 2011: 209. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
nabangae Park, 2011: 206. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
robdevosi Park, 2011: 209. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
Lacuniola Park, 2012
Type species: Lacunioia hadrorhacha Park, 2012
hadrorhacha Park, 2012: 220. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
Lecithocera Herrich-Schaffer, 1853
Type species: Carcina iuticorneiia Zeller, 1839
autodyas Meyrick, 1929: 525. TL: New Ireland, PNG [?]
biaroensis Park, 2102: 321. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
brachyptiia Diakonoff, 1954: 50. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
breiensis sp. nov. TL: Papua, Indonesia [RMNH]
brunneibeiia Park, 2012: 322. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
ceratoides Park, 2012: 325. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
coieasta Meyrick, 1918: 103. TL: Sariba Is., PNG [?]
deioma Durrant, 1915: 165. TL: Papua, Indonesia [?]
disperma (Diakonoff, 1954: 39). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
fascitiaia Park, 2012: 71. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
gyrosieiia Park, 2012: 323. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
hispidieiia Park, 2012: 323. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
inkyuieei Park, 2012: 322. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
iasioides Park, 2012: 325. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
megaiosperma Diakonoff, 1954: 58. TL: Papua, Indone¬
sia [RMNH]
niptanensis Park, 2012:71. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
porrectieiia Park, 2012: 325. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
prudens Meyrick, 1918: 106. TL: Papaua, Indonesia [?]
pseudoiunata Park, 2012: 70. TL: Morobe, PNG [RMNH]
purpurea Diakonoff, 1954: 50. TL: Papua [RMNH]
spinuiata Park, 2012: 324. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
squamifera Meyrick, 1929: 525. TL: New Hanover, PNG
[?]
staurophora Meyrick, 1931: 81. TL: Mambare, PNG [?]
= strepsicrena Meyrick, 1931: 81.
= spinigera Diakonoff, 1954: 59.
steiophanes Meyrick, 1938: 514. TL: Mafulu, PNG [?]
stichoides Park, 2011: 324. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
strigosa Durrant, 1915: 165. TL: Papua, Indonesia [?]
subiunata Diakonoff, 1954: 60. L: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
submersa Diakonoff, 1954: 59. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
Neotimyra Park, 2011
Type species: Neotimyra senara Park, 2011
gyrioia Park, 2011: 419. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
miiieri Park, 2011: 419. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
nemoraiis Park, 2011: 420. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
senara Park, 2011: 418. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
warkapiensis Park, 2011: 420. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
Onnuria Park, 2011
Type species: Onnuria .xanthochroa Park, 2011
arfakana Park, 2011: 58. TL: Papua, Indonesia [RMNH]
depaprensis Park, 2011: 58. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
meianotoma Park, 2011: 158. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
tenuieiia Park, 2011: 160. TL: W. Highlands, PNG [USNM]
xanthochroa Park, 2011: 156. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
Pectimimura Park, 2008
Type species: Pectinimura montiatiiis Park, 2008
430
Park, K.-T.: Checklist of the family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in New Guinea, with ...
(plate 84)
areola Park, 2011: 46. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
baryoma (Diakonoff, 1954: 53). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
brahmanica Park, 2011: 47. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
gilvicostata Park, 2011: 48. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
singularis Park, 2011: 45. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
Sarisophora Meyrick, 1904
Type species: Sarisophora leptoglypta Meyrick, 1904
beckerina Park, 2012: 10. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
cyanostigmatis Park, 2012: 14. TL: Morobe, PNG
[USNM]
designata Park, 2012: 11. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
hadroides Park, 2012: 10. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
melanotata Park, 2012: 11. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
notornis Park, 2012: 11. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
praecentrix Meyrick, 1931: 78. TL: Hydrographer Mts.,
PNG [?]
pyrrhotata Park, 2012: 10. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
tamiodes Meyrick, 1910: 445. TL: Sudest Is. & St. Aig-
nan Is. PNG [?]
Scolizona Park, 2011
Type species: Lecithocera rhinoceros Diakonoff, 1954
palinoides Park, 2011: 309. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
rhinoceros Diakonoff, 1954: 47. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
ulniformis Park, 2011: 309. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
Strombiola Park, 2011
Type species: Strombiola papuana Park, 2011
papuana Park, 2011: 421. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
Sulciolus Park, 2012
Type species: Lecithocera pachystoma Diakonoff,
1954
abrasa (Diakonoff), 1954: 46. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
capra (Diakonoff), 1954: 48. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
circulivalvae Park, 2012: 300. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
induta (Diakonoff), 1954: 49. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
kaindiana Park, 2012: 300. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
pachystoma Diakonoff, 1954: 57. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
perpicua Diakonoff, 1954: 56. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
Telephata Meyrick, 1916: 592.
Type species: Telephata cheramopis Meyrick, 1916
cheramopis Meyrick, 1916: 593. TL: Yule Isl., PNG [?]
nitens (Diakonoff), 1954: 45. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
ferruginula Park, 2011: 85. TL: Western Highlands, PNG
[USNM]
melanista Park, 2011: 84. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
Torodorinae
Thubana Walker, 1864
Type species: Thubana bisignatella Walker, 1864:
814.
brunalis Park, 2016: 148. TL: Papua, Indonesia [RMNH]
Torodora Meyrick, 1894
Type species: Torodora characteris Meyrick, 1894: 16.
wauensis Park, 2010: 405. TL: Morobe & Madang, PNG
[USNM]
Crocanthinae
Aprosoesta Turner, 1919
Type species: Aprosoesta pancala Turner, 1919
cordispina Park, 2015 TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
cyclopsana (Park, 2011: 784). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
eremitatos Park, 2015: 286. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
gatoralis (Park, 2011: 784). TL: Papua, Bird’s Head Pen¬
insula [RMNH]
heliograpta Meyrick, 1929: 520. TL: Papua, Dampier Is
[BMNH]
laminella sp. nov. TL:Madang, PNG [USNM]
pancala Turner, 1919: 151. TL: Queensland, Australia
[AN 1C]
poliozona (Park, 2011: 782). TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
strombiana Park, 2015: 257. TL: Morobe, PNG [USNM]
subpancala Park, 2015: 254. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
vinnula Park, 2015: 257. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
warmarensis (Park, 2011: 784). TL: Papua, Bird’s Head
Peninsula [RMNH]
Crocanthes Meyrick, 1886
Type species: Crocanthes prasinopis Meyrick, 1886
= Sphenocrates Meyick, 1925
Type species: Crocanthes aulodocha Meyrick, 1918
anactostoia Diakonoff, 1954: 27. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
aulodocha Meyrick, 1918: 98. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH?]
crypsicoia Durrant, 1915: 165. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
fallax Durrant, 1915: 164. TL: Papua, Indonesia [BMNH]
= monodesma Meyrick, 1931: 73.
gracilosa Park, 2015: 261. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
hagenensis Park, 2015: 266. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
leucodonta Diakonoff, 1954: 27. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
prasinopis Meyrick, 1886: 277. TL: E. Australia [BMNH]
sidonia Meyrick, 1910: 442. TL: St. Aignan Is., Sariba Is.,
Queensland [BMNH]
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
susuensis Park, 2015: 265. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
temeraria Meyrick, 1910: 443. TL: Morseby, PNG [?]
[not grouped] Park (2015) grouped Crocanthes into 4
species-groups, but following 9 species were not includ¬
ed in the groups and left in “not-grouped”
celema Durrant, 1915: 152. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
hecuba Meyrick, 1931: 74. TL: PNG [BMNH]
phoenoteles Meyrick, 1929: 519. TL: Kunnusi R., PNG
[BMNH]
platycitra Meyrick, 1931: 73. TL: Biagi, PNG [BMNH]
rhodantha Meyrick, 1918: 97. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH?]
scioxantha Meyrick, 1910: 443 TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
symmochlopa Meyrick, 1929: 519. TL: New Mecklen¬
burg. PNG [BMNH]
= triglenopa Meyrick, 1929: 520.
thalamectis Meyrick, 1929: 521. TL: Kunnusi Riv., PNG
[BMNH]
xanthistia Meyrick, 1931: 73. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
Gonaepa Walker, 1866
Type species: Gonaepa josianella Walker, 1886
actins Walsinghann, 1915: 149. TL: Papua, Indonesia,
Snow Mts [RMNH?]
cordata Park, 2016: 677. TL: Leyte, Philippines [MHUB]
dysthyma Diakonoff, 1954: 38. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH?]
josianella Walker, 1866: 1840. TL: New Guinea [?]
heliarcha Meyrick, 1886: 278. TL: Port Moresby, PNG [?]
nagaensis Park, 2016: 677. TL: Luzon, Naga, Philippines
[MHUB]
ochrorhytisma Park, 2016: 677. TL: Sannar, Philippines
[MHUB]
pyrochorda Meyrick, 1910: 442. TL: New Guinea [BMNH]
phaeograpta (Meyrick, 1931: 75). TL: Kunnusi R., PNG
[?]
Hannara Park, 2013
Type species: Hannara buloloensis Park, 2013
buloloensis Park, 2013: 220. TL: Papua New Guinea,
Bulolo [USNM]
gentis Park, 2013: 220. TL: Papua, Indonesia, Lorentz
[RMNH]
Lamprista Park, 2013
Type species: Lamprista emmell Park, 2013
emmeli Park, 2013: 595. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
hemipyra Meyrick, 1938: 513. TL: Kokoda, PNG [BMNH]
ortholepida Park, 2013: 597. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
Pacificulla Park, 2013
Type species: Pacificulla flaviagera Park, 2013
callisomata Park, 2013: 73. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
carcharias (Meyrick, 1910: 440). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
cervicalis Park, 2013: 74. TL: Papua, Indonesia [RMNH]
cleomorpha (Meyrick, 1931: 74). TL: Hydrographer Mts.,
PNG [BMNH]
esdiparki Park, 2013: 69. TL: PNG [USNM]
eurypyra (Meyrick, 1918: 9). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
flaviagera Park, 2013: 68. TL: Madang, PNG [USNM]
gelastls (Meyrick, 1918: 97). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
geniola (Meyrick, 1931: 74). TL: PNG [BMNH]
hellocharls (Diakonoff, 1954: 32). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
Ignea (Meyrick, 1925: 429). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
ignigera Meyrick, 1938: 513. TL: Mafulu, PNG [BMNH]
kekamatana Park, 2013: 76. TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
megalophthalma (Diakonoff, 1954: 30). TL: Papua, In¬
donesia [RMNH]
miltina (Durrant, 1915: 151). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
philotima (Diakonoff, 1954: 33). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
= xanthorrhoea Diakonoff, 1954: 27.
protoma (Diakonoff, 1954: 27). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
pyrostola (Diakonoff, 1954: 31). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[RMNH]
sceptrophora (Diakonoff, 1954: 28). TL: Papua, Indone¬
sia [RMNH]
sears/ Park, 2013: 71. TL: Gulf Prov., PNG [USNM]
thermocharis (Meyrick, 1931: 75). TL: Kunnusi Riv. PNG
[?]
thrasydora (Meyrick, 1910: 444). TL: Papua, Indonesia
[BMNH]
Acknowledgements
I ann indebted to John Brown (USNM), Erik J.
van Nieukerken, and Rob de Vos (NBC, fornnerly
RMNH) for their help with the loaning of nnaterial.
Special thanks to V.O. Becker, who collected valu¬
able nnaterial in Papua New Guinea which is now
deposited in USNM.
Iliana S. Moore (New College of Florida, Sara¬
sota, U.S.A.) is thanked for English proof-reading.
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PNG, with a description of a new species (Lepidop¬
tera, Lecithoceridae). - Proceedings of the Entomo¬
logical Society of Washington 112: 404-409.
Park K.-T. 2011a. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part I: Onnuria Park with
description of two new species. - Proceedings
of the Entomological Society of Washington 113:
154-162.
Park K.-T. 2011b. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part II: Hamatina Park with
description of two new species. - Journal of Asia-
Pacific Entomology 14: 205-211.
Park K.-T. 2011c. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part III: Scolizona with de¬
scription of two new species. - Florida Entomolo¬
gist 94, No 2: 303-310.
Park K.-T. 2011d. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part IV: Genus Pectinimura
Park, with descriptions of four new species and four
new combinations. - Zootaxa 3040: 43-54.
Park K.-T. 2011e. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part V: Descriptions of two
new genera, Neotimyra gen. nov. and Strom biola
gen. nov. - Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 14:
417-421.
Park K.-T. 2011f. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part VII: Crocanthes pancala
species complex in New Guinea and Australia. -
Florida Entomologist 94:779-786.
Park K.-T. 2011g. Three new species of Lecithoceridae
from New Guinea (Lepidoptera). -Lepidoptera no¬
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Park K.-T. 2011h. Two new species of the genus Telepha-
ta Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Lecith oceridae) from PNG
with notes on T. nitens (Daikonoff), comb. nov. -
Entomological Science 14: 82-86.
Park K.-T. 2012a. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part IX: Lacuniola n. gen.
and Crinellus n. gen. - Proceedings of the Entomo¬
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Park K.-T. 2012b. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part VI: Lecithocera sublu-
nata species complex. - Entomological Science
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Park K.-T. 2012c. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part VIII: A new genus Sulcio-
lus, with descriptions of two new species. - Ento¬
mological Science 15: 294-302.
Park K.-T. 2012d. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part X: Review of the genus
Lecithocera with descriptions of ten new species.
- Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 15: 313-327.
Park K.-T. 2012e. Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechi¬
oidea) of New Guinea, Part X: Review of Sarisopho-
ra Meyrick, with description of seven new species.
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Park K.-T. 2013. A new genus Heppneralis Park of Leci¬
thoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) from Is.
Sulawesi, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new
species. - Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 16:
119-122.
Park K.-T. 2014. Three new species of Neopectinimura
Park (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) from Papua, In¬
donesia. - Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 17:
53-58.
Park K.-T. 2015. A new subfamily Crocanthinae based
on the genus Crocanthes Meyrick and its related
genera, with a world catalog of the subfamily (Lepi¬
doptera, Lecithoceridae). - Journal of Asia-Pacific
Biodiversity 8: 251-296.
Park K.-T., Byun B.K. 2010. A new genus Neopectinimura
(Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) with descriptions of
five new species. - Florida Entomologist 93, No 2:
298-307.
Park K.-T., Cho S.W., Bae Y.S. 2016: Review of Lecitho¬
ceridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in the Oceani¬
an Region, with description of a new species and a
checklist of the family. - Zootaxa 4147: 143-161.
Park KT, Lee S. 2013a. A new genus, Hannara gen. nov.
of Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea), with
descriptions of two new species from New Guinea.
- Florida Entomologist 96: 219-224.
Park KT, Lee S. 2013b. Lamprista gen. n. of Lecithoceri¬
dae from New Guinea (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea).
- Zootaxa 3646: 593-599.
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Received: 22.12.2016.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
434
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
Peculiarities of the butterfiy fauna
of South-East Suiawesi
Peter H. Roos
GoethestraBe la, D-45549, Sprockhovel, Germany; e-mail: peter.h.roos@t-online.de
Abstract: The connplex structure and geological history of Sulawesi renders this island an ideal object for
zoogeograph leal studies on butterflies and their evolution. Based on the faunal conn position and species endennicity,
Sulawesi can be subdivided into several regions (Vane-Wright&de Jong 2003). Unfortunately, the state of knowledge
concerning the butterfly fauna differs substantially between these regions, East and SE Sulawesi being particularly
under-represented. Therefore, I will focus here on the less explored southeastern peninsula, Sulawesi Tenggara,
and try to carve out sonne peculiarities of this region with respect to butterflies. SE Sulawesi harbours several
unique species and subspecies such as Lohora umbrosa and Zethera incerta tenggara and also species which are
extrennely rare on Sulawesi such as Semanga helena, Deudorix loxias and Euthalia aconthea. On the other hand,
a nunnber of species occurring in other parts of Sulawesi are nnissing in the southeast: Atrophaneura dixoni Grose-
Smith, 1901, Charaxes mars Staudinger, 1885 and Cyrestis heracles Staudinger, 1896 are exannples. A notable
feature in SE Sulawesi of nnany butterfly species fronn different fannilies is the trend for darker wing coloration
connpared to populations fronn other parts of the island. It is attennpted here to quantify this phenonnenon and to
provide respective, reproducible nnethods for its analysis. This has been done for exannple for several species of the
Pierid genus Eurema Swainson, 1821 and for the Nynnphalid species Cyrestis strigata Felder et Felder, 1867, Neptis
ida Moore, 1858 and Lex/as aeetes Hewitson, 1861. The above nnentioned peculiarities will be finally discussed in
a zoogeographic context.
Keywords: Sulawesi, Sulawesi Tenggara, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nynnphalidae.
Introduction
The butterfly fauna of Sulawesi was intensely
studied in the 19^^ and early 20^^ centuries,
connected with names such as the famous Alfred
Russel Wallace and Ludwig Martin. After a gap
of many decades, more comprehensive recent
investigations were performed in 1978 and 1985
by “Operation Drake” as part of a world-wide
program organized by the Scientific Exploration
Society (Blashford-Snell 1981) and by “Project
Wallace” organized by the Royal Entomological
Society of London (Knight 1988; Knight & Holloway
1990). However, these explorations were restricted
to relatively small parts of the large island, i.e.
Morowali district in Central Sulawesi and Bogani
Nani Wartabone (former Dumoga-Bone) in North
Sulawesi, respectively. Hence, large areas of
Sulawesi remained, and remain, largely unexplored,
such as the southeastern and eastern peninsula
as already mentioned by Vane-Wright & de Jong
(2003). The author’s own investigations over the
last 20 years, of the less known butterfly fauna of
the southeastern part of Sulawesi, were undertaken
to fill the gaps of knowlewdge. Successively, these
investigations have brought forward the entomo-
faunistic peculiarities of this part of the island
and lead to the notion that it forms a specific
biogeographic entity within Sulawesi, together
with the large south-eastern offshore islands
such as Buton and Muna (Roos 1993, 1995,
2000, 2005). The following aspects concerning
the butterfly fauna of Southeast Sulawesi (SE
Sulawesi) will be treated here: the occurrence of
rare or unique species or subspecies, first records
for SE Sulawesi, the obvious absence of species
which are present in other parts of the island and
the parallel evolution of certain character traits in
different species. Finally, zoogeographic aspects
such as the relationship between SE Sulawesi and
the large adjacent islands Buton and Muna will be
discussed.
Materials and methods
For the analysis of wing patterns and for
morphometric determinations the FIJI software
435
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
was used (Abrannoff et al. 2004). The functions
‘straight line’ and ‘polygon selection’ were applied
to deternnine lengths and areas, respectively. The
‘rectangular selection’ was used to define areas
for intensity nneasurennents. Absolute length and
area values in nnnn and nnnn^ were nornnalized to
account for differences in the size of butterflies. For
nornnalization, forewing length or total forewing area
are used, for exannple. Other suitable paranneters
will be indicated. Calculations were done with
Microsoft Excel. For the graphical presentation of
bar diagrams, box plots and functions GraphPad
Prism was used. Student’s T-test was applied to
calculate statistical significance.
Particular butterfly species and subspecies from
Sulawesi Tenggara
This section discusses the occurrence of
species and subspecies which are either generally
rare and very locally distributed on Sulawesi, or are
specific / endemic for the southeast peninsula.
Rare and new encounters for Sulawesi Tenggara
Deudorix loxias Hewitson, 1863 (Lycaenidae)
(Plate 85 figs 1,4)
D. loxias - often misspelled as loxius - is an endemic
Lycaenid of Sulawesi. It appears to be very rare on
the entire island as mentioned by Rober (1939).
This notion also reflects the current picture as there
are only few specimens in museum collections and
there is little known on the distribution, biology and
ecology of the species (Muller & Tennent 2011).
Recently, D. loxias has been recorded from Buton
island to the south of Sulawesi Tenggara. Now, I can
add ‘Kolaka’ as a new locality in the latter province
where I found this species in 2015. Altogether 3
female specimens were sighted (Plate 85 figs 1,4)
in March 2015 within dense and deep forest about
8 km east of Kolaka at an altitude of roughly 400
m. The specimens were observed within a small
area on a transect of about 50 m and were not seen
elsewhere in the surrounding area. They were flying
1 to 2 m above the ground and settled on leaves.
In summary, the occurrence of D. loxias in SE
Sulawesi has been proven for the first time. The
species belongs to the rarest butterflies of Sulawesi
Tenggara and also of entire Sulawesi. D. loxias
appears to form very local populations restricted to
small patches within the forest. More observations
are needed to find out the pecularities of these
patches considering aspects such as micro-climate
and floral composition. It is noted that the Lycaenid
Arhopala argentea Staudinger, 1888 shows similar
distribution behaviour. The species does not occur
in the D. loxias habitat but inhabits close-by forest
areas at altitudes about 50 to 100 m higher. Also
for A. argentea, more observations are required to
define the ecological needs of the species.
Semanga helena Rober, 1887 (Lycaenidae)
S. helena was originally described by Rober (1887)
from the Banggai Archipelago, located in the Tomini
Bay of East Sulawesi, based on an unstated number
of specimens. Flowever, the species appears to
be rare on Banggai as well as Peleng, the largest
island of the Banggai Archipelago, as neither
Nieuwenhuis (1946) nor Detani (1983) could find
the species there. The presence of S. helena on
Sulawesi mainland was shown first time by Tennent
(2005) based on 2 specimens which originate from
North and Central Sulawesi. A third specimen, a
female, was thereafter detected on 01.IV.2009 in
SE Sulawesi in the forests about 20 km east of
Kolaka (Roos 2016). Thus, the three specimens
of S. helena known from Sulawesi mainland so far
originate from three different locations which are
far away from each other. In conclusion, it can be
stated that S. helena is one of the rarest butterfly
species of Sulawesi.
Unfortunately, comprehensive treatments of the
entire family Lycaenidae from Sulawesi do not
exist. Distribution data for most species are lacking
and, generally, little is published on this butterfly
group from Sulawesi, an exception being revisions
published by Alan Cassidy on the genera Nacaduba
Moore, 1881 and of the Lycaenops/s-group and
the tribe Miletini (Cassidy 1990; 1995a; 1995b).
Therefore, some further interesting Lycaenidae
species will be listed and discussed shortly in the
following section. None of these species has been
reported before from SE Sulawesi.
Hypothecia honos de Niceville, 1898 (Plate 85
figs 2, 5)
The genus Hypothecia Semper, 1890 includes only
two species (Fruhstorfer 1912) which are obviously
rare (Vane-Wright & de Jong 2003). One of the
species, H. honos, is endemic for the Sulawesi
region and has been described by de Niceville
(1898) from specimens collected by Fruhstorfer in
Toli-Toli in North Sulawesi. Rober (1939) mentions
the species from North and Central-Sulawesi
without giving exact locations. There are no records
for SE Sulawesi (Jurriaanse & Lindemans 1920) nor
for Southwest Sulawesi (Piepers & Snellen 1878).
436
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
In March 2013, I found the species very localized
in Porabua (19/20.111) and in Konawendepiha
(16/17.111), both places located in the district
Uluiwoi. Altogether 5 specinnens were recorded. As
Sulawesi Selatan is well explored, I suspect that H.
honos is restricted in the South of Sulawesi to the
southeastern peninsula.
Jamides latimargus Snellen, 1878
During altogether nine field trips to SE Sulawesi
I recorded this species only once. It was found in
the vicinity of Konawendepiha (district Uluiwoi) in
March of 2013. The species status of latimargus
is not clear. Originally the taxon was described by
Snellen as Cupido latimargus (Piepers & Snellen,
1878) fronn material which originated from
Southwest Sulawesi, namely Amparang, Bonthain,
Maros and Takalar. Later, latimargus was treated as
subspecies either of J. elpis Godart, 1824 (Rober
1939) or of 1. alecto Felder, 1860 (Vane-Wright & de
Jong 2003) while Hirowatari (1992) gives it species
status as Jamides latimargus. D’Abrera (1986)
does not at all mention latimargus. I will leave
the question on the taxonomic status open but
follow Hirowatari (1992) as there are substantial
differences in wing size and wing colour pattern
between J. latimargus and J. alecto. Interestingly,
Lampides kondulana espada Fruhstorfer, 1915
was recently recognized as a subspecies of J.
alecto (Cassidy, 2013). The type material comes
from North Sulawesi, Minahassa (Lectotype) and
more interestingly also from Southwest-Sulawesi,
Bua-Kraeng (para lectotype), from where also
latimargus was described. The male lectotype
figured by Cassidy (2013) is clearly different from
the specimen of J. latimargus shown here (Plate
85 figs 3, 6). There are no published records for
latimargus, alecto or elpis in South-east Sulawesi
so that the specimen from Konawendepiha in SE
Sulawesi appears to be the only one known so far
of T. latimargus from that region.
Jamides snelleni Rober, 1886
The occurrence of J. snelleni in SE Sulawesi has
been discussed recently (Roos 2016). The species
is endemic for Sulawesi and it is generally rare.
Vane-Wright & de Jong (2003) give only South
Sulawesi as distribution range for J. snelleni
although Rober (1939) also mentions Tombuku
in East Sulawesi as location. However, there were
no previous reports of T. snelleni from SE Sulawesi
until a single population was discovered there in
2002 in the vicinity of Sambeani, district Abuki
(Roos 2016).
Jamides fractiiinea Tite, 1960 (Plate 85 figs 7, 10)
J. fractiiinea is endemic for the Sulawesi region
which harbours two subspecies, nominate ssp.
fractiiinea from Sulawesi and ssp. saraharum
Rawlins, Cassidy, Muller, Schroder et Tennent,
2014 from Mangole Island (Sula Islands) (Rawlins
et al. 2014). As there are no definite reports for J.
fractiiinea from Sulawesi Tenggara, the species
will be shortly discussed here. The holotype of J.
fractiiinea orgi nates from Makassar in Southwest
Sulawesi (Tite 1960). Most of the material further
examined by Tite (1960) also comes from this
province namelyfrom the following locations: Picde
Bonthain, Maros, Tjamba, Samanga, Lompa Battau
and Bua-Kraeng (names spelled as in the original
work). In addition one male each from Toli-Toli, North
Sulawesi and from Mangole Island were examined.
Hirowatari (1992) and Vane-Wright & de Jong
(2003) restrict the distribution range of the species
to Southwest Sulawesi. I could detect the species at
various places and in several years in SE Sulawesi
as follows: 20 km East of Kolaka, 12.X.2005, 30
and 31.111.2009, 17. and 20.111.2011, 24.111.2013;
Sambeani, 11.X.2002; Porabua, 11.111.2011, 18
and 20.111.2013. At each date, one or sometimes
two specimens were recorded making up a total
number of twelve only.
Ambiypodia narada Horsfield, 1829
The species is widespread in Southeast Asia
includingislandssuchasSumatra,Java, Borneoand
the Philippines (Bethune-Baker 1903; Fruhstorfer
1907; D’Abrera 1986). Riley (1922) recognized that
A. narada also occurs on Sulawesi as he identified
a specimen from Makassar among Ambiypodia
annetta Staudinger, 1888 in the collection of
BMNH. Based on differences in wing markings
he separated it from populations of other islands
as ssp. confusa Riley, 1922. There is only little
further faunistic information regarding A. narada
from Sulawesi. Fruhstorfer (1907) mentions it from
Sula Mangole-lsland located in the most eastern
part of the Sulawesi region. However, the source
of this information remains obscure. Alan Cassidy
(2011) figured an image of A. narada confusa from
Dumoga Bone in North Sulawesi on the internet.
In conclusion, only South-west Sulawesi and North
Sulawesi can be regarded as assured distribution
areas of A. narada on Sulawesi based on literature
data. There is a new record now from Porabua in
SE Sulawesi (12.111.2011, P. Roos). The respective
specimen shows the reduced dark blue area on
the wing uppersides which is characteristic for ssp.
confusa (Plate 85 figs 8, 11).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
The genus Dacalana Moore, 1884
The genus connprises nnore than 20 different
species of which three occur in the Sulawesi
region and two on Sulawesi itself, Dacalana anysis
Hewitson, 1865 and Dacalana anysides Rober,
1887. Obviously little is known on the distribution of
both species in the different provinces of Sulawesi.
The genus Dacalana is not nnentioned by Jurriaanse
& Lindennans (1920) fronn Sulawesi Tenggara.
Dacalana anysis Hewitson, 1865
While Vane-Wright & de Jong (2003) give Sulawesi
generally as the distribution range for D. anysis,
Rober (1939) restricts this sonnewhat nnentioning
only South and North Sulawesi. Originally the
species was described from Makassar (Hewitson
1865) and later Holland (1891) lists the species as
taken also in Southwest-Sulawesi. The occurrence
of D. anysis in SESulawesi is proven bythespecimen
shown on plate 85 figs 9 & 12. It was taken in
Konawendepiha, district Uluiwoi, on 10.111.2011.
Dacalana anysides Rober, 1887
The species description is founded on a single
male taken in Gorontalo which is located in North
Sulawesi - not East Celebes as stated by the
author (Rober 1887). Its occurrence there was
confirmed during Project Wallace by Cassidy (pers.
comm.). Ribbe (1926) describes the ssp. birul from
Kalawara, West-Sulawesi under the name Camena
anysides birul. The subspecies is distinguished from
the nominotypical form by extended blue coloration
in particular of the hindwing. Strange to say that the
taxon is not considered by subsequent authors, for
example Rober (1939), D’Abrera (1986) and Vane-
Wright & de Jong (2003). Instead, D’Abrera (1986)
figures specimens from the northern part of West-
Sulawesi (Palu) under D. anysides anysides. There
are obviously no published records for D. anysides
from SE Sulawesi. A single male shown in plate 86
figs 1, 4 was found at the small Silui River close to
Porabua on 20.111.2013 and is the only proof of the
occurrence of the species in Sulawesi Tenggara.
Arhopala argentea Staudinger, 1888 (Plate 86
figs 2-3, 5-6)
Typical A. argentea come from Minahassa in North
Sulawesi (Staudinger 1888), and Rober (1939)
states that it is rare in that region. In 1897 Grose-
Smith described the same species as Arhopala
Clarissa based on material from South Sulawesi
(Grose-Smith 1897) so that the distribution area
can be summarized as North and South Sulawesi
(Bethune-Baker 1903). Again, there are no
published records from SESulawesi. In March 2011,
a population of A. argentea was discovered within
montane forest about 20 km east of Kolaka at an
elevation of about 500 m. The continuance of the
population has been confirmed in 2013 and again
in 2015. As already mentioned above (see under
Deudorix loxias) the species appears to inhabit
localized patches within the forest. The ecological
reasons for the restriction are not known.
Euthalla aconthea Cramer, 1777 (Nymphalidae)
The discovery of E. aconthea in Sulawesi Tenggara
in 2002 has been described earlier (Roos 2005).
To the best of my knowledge, the specimen of E.
aconthea found near Kolaka (Plate 86 figs 7-8) is the
only one known from SE Sulawesi so far. Only three
further specimens have been found in Sulawesi in
the Southwest Province (Sulawesi Selatan) (Muller
1994). Outside Sulawesi, E. aconthea inhabits a
large area in south and south-east Asia (Corbet
1945; Tsukada 1991). Thus, the location at Kolaka
forms the most eastern one where the species
obviously meets its ecological limits. This concerns
also the entire genus Euthalla which is represented
on Sulawesi by only two species, E. aconthea and
E. amanda Hewitson, 1862. The latter obviously
occurs throughout all parts of Sulawesi and also
on the Banggai Islands in the east of the Sulawesi
region (Tsukada 1991; Vane-Wright & de Jong
2003). The only Euthalla species expanding further
into the East is E. amabllls Staudinger, 1896
which occurs on Sula (Mangole Island), the most
eastern outpost of the genus when the Papuan
Euthallopsis aetlon Hewitson, 1862 is considered
phylogenetically distinct from Euthalla (see Parsons
1999).
Species or subspecies unique for SE Suiawesi
Zethera incerta tenggara Roos, 1992
(Nymphaiidae: Satyrinae)
The genus Zethera Felder, 1861 is represented in
South-East Sulawesi by a very distinct form which
was discovered in 1990 some 20 kilometers east
of Kolaka and later tentatively described as a
subspecies of Zethera Incerta Hewitson, 1861
(Roos 1992). The species was formerly believed to
be restricted to the northern parts of Sulawesi and,
thus, geographically closely connected to its con¬
generic species inhabiting the Philippine islands.
While the latter harbor five different species, only
the endemic Z. Incerta is known from Sulawesi. At
the first sighting, the specimens observed in their
438
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
habitats in Sulawesi Tenggara were believed to be
Danaidae based on the typical gliding flight and on
the sinnilar wing pattern. So it was a surprise when
the collected specinnens turned out to be a Zethera
species of the Nynnphalid subfannily Satyrinae
which significantly differs fronn the nonninotypical
northern populations as detailed in the original
description of Z incerta tenggara by Roos (1992)
and dennonstrated by figures (Plate 87 figs 1, 3).
The unique subspecies was subsequently also
found at Moranno about 75 south of Kendari by
K. Wilinnott in Septennber 2000 during “Operation
Wallacea” (http://www.flnnnh.ufl.edu/butterflies/
neotropica/sulawesi/checklist.htnni). In addition
to the type locality about 20 knn east of Kolaka,
ssp. tenggara could also be observed in the vicinity
of Sannbeani in the nnountainous regions to the
north of the line Kolaka - Kendari. Field studies at
further locations northwards of Sannbeani such as
Asenua, Tawangga and in particular Porabua could
not prove the occurrence of ssp. tenggara there.
However, a population was was discovered recently
in Konawendepiha (15.111.2013, P. Roos) which thus
constitutes the nnost northern location fronn where
ssp. tenggara is known so far. The exact northern
distribution linnits and possible contact zones with
the nonninate subspecies are not known up to
now. A specinnen fronn the Luwuk district in East
Sulawesi has been assigned to the ssp. tenggara
and figured, but appears to be internnediate
between the nonninate fornn and ssp. tenggara with
respect to the intensity of yellow coloration and
the row of hindwing ocelli (http://www. neutron.
phys.ethz.ch/Lepidoptera/ Satyrinae-nnisc.htnn).
More infornnation is needed on the populations in
Sulawesi Tengah.
Vane-Wright & Snniles (1975) have discussed
nninnicry relationships between species of the
genus Zethera and of the subfannily Danainae. They
doubt that there is a definite nninnic counterpart for
Z. incerta as has been suggested by Fruhstorfer
(1909) who considers Ideopsis vitrea Blanchard,
1853 as a suitable nnodel. While /. vitrea only
nnarginally resennbles Z incerta tenggara it shows
significantly larger congruence in the wing patterns
with the northern nonninate subspecies Z incerta
incerta, as depicted by plate 87 figs 3, 4. On the
forewings of both species cells M3, CuAl and
CuA2 are white while light areas closer to the wing
nnargin are yellow coloured. A sinnilar distribution
between white and yellow areas is found also on
the hindwings. The clear indentations of the brown
nnarginal wing nnarkings on both forewings and
hindwings of Z incerta are also nninnicked by /.
vitrea.
For ssp. tenggara, I propose Ideopsis Juventa
Cranner, 1777 (Plate 87 fig. 2) as a possible nninnicry
partner. It appears to be an efficient nnodel not only
based on the wing pattern but also because it is
rather abundant in the Z incerta tenggara habitats
near Kolaka and Sannbeani. In contrast, Ideopsis
vitrea is less connnnon here. In conclusion, Z incerta
obviously exploits two different Ideopsis species for
its self-protection dependent on the subspecies
under consideration.
There are a nunnber of open questions concerning
Z incerta and its subspecies tenggara:
(1) Where are the distribution linnits for both taxa
and where are the contact zones?
(2) Might ssp. tenggara constitute a good species
distinct fronn Z incerta?
(3) What are the phylogenetic relationships
between the two taxa fronn Sulawesi in relation to
the Philippine species?
Martin (1929) states that the occurrence
of Z incerta is restricted to the northern parts
of Sulawesi and that it is nnissing fronn the two
southern peninsulas. He assunnes that the southern
distribution linnit nnay run north of the Gulf of Bone.
The nnap of Aoki et al. (1982) additionally excludes
the eastern peninsula but includes the northern
parts of Sulawesi Selatan although there are no
concrete data fronn the latter area. Only Palopo
located at the north-western part of the Bone Gulf
is nnentioned. Thus, there is a large geographical
and knowledge gap between the nnost northern
ssp. tenggara populations and the southernnnost
ssp. incerta. Investigation of this ‘terra incognita’
would reveal
(1) whether the genus Zethera is represented here,
(2) whether there is a clear-cut division between
incerta and tenggara or
(3) whether there is a transitional zone with
interbreeding populations eventually resulting in
clinal variation.
Specinnens of Z incerta fronn South-East
Sulawesi generally show darker wing patterns than
their counterparts fronn other areas in Sulawesi, a
feature which is shared by nunnerous other butterfly
species as will be shown below. It appears to be
characteristic and to be a general trend at least for
butterflies of this region.
Lohora umbrosa Roos, 1997 (Nymphalidae)
L umbrosa has been described fronn SE Sulawesi
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
(Roos 1997) and so far as I know it is unique for that
part of the island. According to nny observations,
L umbrosa is a very local insect and only rarely
encountered within its habitats. Usually, only single
specinnens can be observed during a day in the
field in contrast to Lohora transiens Fruhstorfer,
1908 which is very connnnon in the sanne forest
habitats with Selaginella spec, as undergrowth.
Presunnably Selaginellas represent the foodplants
of the Lohora caterpillars as has been shown to be
the case for other Satyrinae of the genera Ragadia,
Acrophthalmia and Euptychia (Singer et al. 1971;
Fukuda 1983; DeVries 1986; Miller & Miller 1988).
Apart from the type-locality Sambeani, L umbrosa
is also known from Porabua, located northwest of
Sambeani (Roos, March 2011), and has also been
found recently at the eastern side of Sulawesi
Tenggara in the vicinity of Kendari (Roos, March
2015).
L. umbrosa constitutes the SE Sulawesi
representative of the subgenus Physcon which
mostly includes species with dark brown wing
colours. Lohora decipiens Martin, 1929 is probably
closely allied to L umbrosa as substantiated by
wing colour pattern and the structure of the male
genitalia (not shown) but clearly, the upperside and
underside wing colours of L umbrosa are much
darker than those of L. decipiens (Plate 87 figs
5-8) (Roos 1997). The hindwings of L umbrosa
are nearly uniformly dark brown. Obviously, L
umbrosa constitutes the species with the darkest
wing pattern within the genus. It is assumed that L
decipiens and L. umbrosa represent sister-species
(under investigation) inhabiting clearly separated
areas within Sulawesi, i.e. North / Cental Sulawesi
and SE Sulawesi, respectively.
Polyura attalus Felder et Felder, 1867 / Polyura
athamas Staudinger, 1886 (Nymphalldae)
Green-coloured species of the athamas-group of
the genus Poiyura Billberg, 1820 are obviously rare
in Sulawesi. Until recently, only a few specimens of
Poiyura aiphius Staudinger, 1886 were known from
Sulawesi Selatan. Vane-Wright & de Jong (2003)
assume that on Sulawesi the species is restricted
exclusivelyto the South. Surprisingly, a population of
a green-coloured Poiyura was discovered recently in
SE Sulawesi. It was found in the vicinity of Porabua
in March 2009 and its occurrence in the area was
subsequently confirmed as follows: Porabua (March
2011), Konawendepiha (March 2011 and 2015),
Andamao (March 2015). Interestingly, however,
the specimens do not belong to P aiphius but to a
different species. From neighbouring islands such
as Borneo, Java and Sumatra, Poiyura athamas is
known (D’Abrera 1984; Otsuka 1988). According
to the recent revision of the athamas-group by
Toussaint et al. (2016), however, who also used
DNA sequence data for phylogenetic analyses, the
species P. athamas occurs in mainland South-east
Asia only while it is replaced on the Indonesian
islands by P. attaius which was given species
status by the authors. So, the Poiyura populations
from SE Sulawesi will be tentatively assigned here
to P. attaius as their belonging to P. athamas is
less probable. A detailed analysis will clarify its
taxonomic assignment (Roos, in preparation). A
representative specimen is shown on plate 86 figs
9-10. Albeit, the presence of a ‘non-aiphius' Polyura
in Sulawesi Tenggara in addition to P. aiphius is
zoogeographically highly interesting because it
creates an unusual distribution pattern for this
Poiyura, i.e. a discontinuous area interrupted from
west to east by P. aiphius in Southwest-Sulawesi.
Parthenos sylvia ornatrix Tsukada, 1991
(Nymphalidae)
This is a further peculiarity of SE Sulawesi as
subspecies ornatrix is exclusively found in that
province and as the other parts of Sulawesi are
inhabited by an additional unique subspecies
of Parthenos syivia Cramer, 1776, namely ssp.
saientia Flopffer, 1874 (Roos 2012). The differences
between the two subspecies in wing coloration
but in particular in wing shape raise the question
that they may represent two different species. The
contact zones or eventually overlapping areas of
the two subspecies are not known so far but can
be assumed in the northern parts of Sulawesi
Tenggara. Their discovery may help to answer these
open questions. As P. syivia ornatrix also occurs on
Buton Island, this taxon is a good example for the
zoogeographically specific connection between
mainland SE Sulawesi and its southern offshore
islands. Further examples for this distribution type
will be discussed below.
Cirrochroa recondita Roos, 1996 (Nymphalidae)
SE Sulawesi bears an endemic species of the
genus Cirrochroa, C. receondita, which is similar
to Cirrochroa eremita Tsukada, 1985, as already
described by Roos (1996). Since its description in
1996 more material has been examined confirming
its specificity. This concerns in particular the
male wing span which is the smallest within the
Sulawesian Cirrochroa species. Besides that,
C. recondita exhibits the darkest coloured wing
pattern among the allied Cirrochroa from Sulawesi,
440
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
such as C. thule Felder et Felder, 1860 and C.
eremita. This property of C. recondite has not been
analysed in detail but leads over to the next section
in which the general trend in wing pattern darkening
in butterflies fronn SE Sulawesi will be highlighted.
The northern distribution linnits of C. recondite
have yet to be defined. My own investigations in
the eastern parts of Sulawesi Tengah did not reveal
the presence of C. recondita; instead C. thuie was
found locally conrimon there.
The dark coloration trend in wing patterns
Within the large and intricately structured
island of Sulawesi many butterfly species exhibit
geographical variation which gave reason to
description of subspecies. Definitely, the study of
this regional variation will allow conclusions on
zoogeographical and evolutionary aspects. Little,
however, is known on distinctive colour pattern
characters of the butterfly populations from SE
Sulawesi compared to those of the other parts
of the island. Inspection of material of numerous
species revealed that there appears to be a trend
for darker wing coloration in butterfly specimens/
populations from SE Sulawesi. In some cases,
this part of the island harbours even the most
‘melanotic forms’ within the Sulawesi region as
it is defined by Vane-Wright & de Jong (2003).
Three species showing this coloration trend have
been already discussed above, Zethere incerte,
Lohore umbrose and Cirrochroe recondite. In the
following, the respective species will be analysed
in more detail by using quantitative methods for
describing wing pattern parameters. The creation
of new subspecific names is avoided here, but it is
attempted to eventually assign the populations of
SE Sulawesi to known subspecies. Clear definition
of new subspecies would require more material to
be analyzed in particular from regions from which
material is insufficient or completely lacking such
as East Sulawesi.
The genus Eurema Hiibner, 1819 (Pieridae)
Sulawesi harbours 7 species of the genus
Eurema of which two, Eurema irena Corbet et
Pendlebury, 1932 and Eurema ceiebensis Wallace,
1867, are endemic for the Sulawesi Region
(Vane-Wright & de Jong 2003) and altogether
five of the species occur in SE Sulawesi. Besides
predominantly yellow coloured Eurema species
such as E. hecabe Linnaeus, 1758 and E. bianda
Boisduval, 1836 there are Sulawesian Eurema
species with extended dark wing coloration which is
expressed in males as broadened marginal bands
and in females by general reduction of yellow wing
areas includingsuffusion of the yellow patches with
brown coloured scales. The species of the latter
group include E. aiitha Felder et Felder, 1862, E.
tominia Vollenhoven, 1865 and the endemic E.
ceiebensis Wallace, 1867. Based on material
of these already dark coloured species from SE
Sulawesi it appears that this region harbours their
most melanotic subspecific forms from the island.
As will be outlined below, these Eurema species
provide impressive examples from the family
Pieridae of the overall south-east melanotic trend.
Eurema aiitha Felder et Felder, 1862
According to the recent literature, Eurema aiitha
appears to occur on Sulawesi only in the south-west
as ssp. iorquini Felder et Felder, 1865 and as ssp.
Zita Felder et Felder, 1865 in the northern parts of
the island,thusexcludingeastern and south-eastern
Sulawesi, i.e. the provinces Sulawesi Tengah and
Sulawesi Tenggara (Yata & Morishita 1985; Vane-
Wright & de Jong 2003). Correspondingly, large
areas of the island are left blank on the distribution
map of Yata & Morishita (1985). Outside Sulawesi,
the species is widely distributed in the Indo-
Malayan realm from Sumatra in the West to
Papua in the East and has also been recorded
from the islands surrounding Sulawesi including
those assigned to the Sulawesi region based on
zoogeographical considerations (Vane-Wright &
de Jong 2003). For example, E. aiitha is known to
occur on Peleng Island in the Banggai Archipelago
(Nieuwenhuis 1946; Detani 1983; Yata 1995;
Vane-Wright & de Jong 2003) which is separated by
the sea from Sulawesi Tengah by less than 20 km.
So the species should be expected to occur also
on the eastern peninsula. Also, its presence in SE
Sulawesi is probable as it was found on the islands
Buton, Muna and Kabaena for example (Jurriaanse
& Lindemans 1920). Furthermore, Martin (1920)
mentions at least 1 female from Kendari at the east
coast of Sulawesi Tenggara. Thus, the distributional
gap within Sulawesi does not appear plausible. My
own investigations revealed records of E. aiitha
from both Sulawesi Tenggara (Plate 88 figs 1-2 &
4-5) and eastern Sulawesi Tengah. Flere, I will focus
on characterizing the populations of SE Sulawesi.
There is a high variability among specimens of E.
aiitha from SE Sulawesi with respect to wing size
and colour pattern. It is attempted here to define
several types of variation and to find explanations
for their occurrence. Furthermore it will be shown
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
that in spite of the variability, populations fronn SE
Sulawesi can be clearly distinguished fronn those of
Southwest Sulawesi.
In fact, nnorphonnetric analyses of the wing colour
pattern of the populations fronn Sulawesi Tenggara
reveal striking differences connpared to specinnens
of the subspecies lorquini Felder et Felder, 1865
fronn Sulawesi Selatan. Quantification of the yellow
coloured area on the forewings of nnale E alitha
shows that this area is significantly snnaller (P <
0.0001, Student t-test) in specinnens fronn Sulawesi
Tenggara connpared to those fronn Sulawesi Selatan
annountingto 30.9 % and 41.6 % of the total forewing
area, respectively (Fig. 1, plate 88 figs 1 & 4). As
there are enornnous differences in wing span and
forewing wing area ranging fronn 95 nnnn^ to 238
nnnn^ annong individuals (analysed in detail below),
the yellow coloured area is given as percentage of
the total forewing area. Figure 2 dennonstrates that
the nornnalized patch size is independent of wing
size.
On the hindwings, the broad dark brown nnargin
was also analyzed quantitatively and connpared
between E alitha fronn Sulawesi Tenggara and
Sulawesi Selatan. The band width was nneasured
at various positions, i.e. along the wing veins and
along the intervenosa starting fronn vein rr to vein
axl on the left hindwing resulting in 15 values. To
allow connparison between individuals of different
wing span, the values were nornnalized on the
distance between hindwing base and the end of
vein nnl at the nnargin. The result in Figure 3 shows
that the brown nnargin is broader over its entire
length in specinnens fronn Sulawesi Tenggara (n =
7) connpared to those fronn Sulawesi Selatan (n =
5). All differences are very significant with P-values
between < 0.001 and 0.008 according to Student
t-test. In the nnean, the nnargin is 1.4 tinnes broader
in specinnens fronn Sulawesi Tenggara (Fig. 4). In
sunnnnary, the quantitative analyses show that the
yellow coloured areas on the forewings and the
hindwings of nnale E alitha are nnuch snnaller in
specinnens fronn Southeast connpared to Southwest-
Sulawesi. These differences are independent of
butterfly size.
Besides the extended dark coloration, there is
another phenonnenon particularly observed in
Eurema alitha which will be analyzed here in nnore
detail. This concerns the broad variation in wing
span which has been nnentioned before already
by Martin (1920). Altogether, 31 specinnens fronn
Sulawesi Tenggara (Tra) were analyzed showing
a range in wing span fronn 28.8 nnnn to 46.5 nnnn.
A closer look on the frequency distribution of the
data shows that it is trinnodal with nnaxinna around
30, 38 and 44 nnnn (Fig. 5), so that specinnens can
be assigned to three different size groups which
differ significantly fronn one another as shown
by Student’s T-test (Fig. 6). For connparison, five
specinnens each fronn Sulawesi Selatan (Sel) and
fronn Sulawesi Tengah (Ten) were included in the
analysis. The results indicate that discontinuous
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
- 1 - 1 - 1 -
Tenggara Selatan Tengah
Sulawesi Province
Figure 1. Relative area of the yellow patch on the fore¬
wing upperside of Eurema alitha. Male specinnens fronn
Sulawesi Tenggara (n = 16), S.-Selatan (n = 5) and Su¬
lawesi Tengah (n = 5) were analyzed by FIJI. The patch
area was nornnalized on the total wing area and is given
as percentage. Significant differences as indicated (Stu¬
dent’s T-test).
Figure 2. Forewing area and nornnalized area of the yel¬
low forewing patch of Eurema alitha as functions of wing
span. For the analysis 18 males were used of which 16
came from Sulawesi-Tenggara. Two further small speci¬
mens originate from Koyoan, Luwuk vicinities in Sulawesi
Tengah. While there is a linear correlation between wing
span and wing area the % yellow area is independent of
wing span and thus also of wing area.
442
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
size distribution also occurs in E alitha populations
of other areas in Sulawesi, at least in Sulawesi
Tengah.
The question arises which processes underlie
this characteristic frequency pattern in size.
Availability or quality of larval food, which may
vary seasonally, does not well explain the findings
as a more continuous data distribution should be
expected. Instead, however, distinct size groups
are observed each with its own internal variability.
Assuming different numbers of larval stages
necessary until final pupation appears to be a
plausible hypothesis. The usual number of instars
for Eurema species is five, as has been shown for E
laeta Boisduval, 1836, E hecabe Linnaeus, 1758
and E desjardinsii Boisduval, 1833 (Bogtapa et al.
2015; Clark & Dickson 1965; Sharma 2006). There
is only little information on the variability of instar
numbers in Eurema species. Ooi (1992) observed
that dependent on the food plant an additional
rr m1 m2 m3 cu1 cu2 an ax1
Wing Vein
1.6-
Mean-
1.2-
“I - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - T"
ml m2 m3 cul cu2 an axl
Wing Vein
Figure 3. Width of the brown margin of the hindwing up-
perside in Eurema alitha specimens from Sulawesi Teng-
gara (n = 7) and Sulawesi Selatan (n = 5). Data pairs for
the width at the indicated wing vein are followed each by
the data of the subsequent intervenosa. To account for
butterfly size differences, the values were normalized on
the distance between wing basis and end of vein ml. For
the significance of differences see text.
Figure 4. Width of the brown hindwing margin at the dif¬
ferent wing veins and the intervenosa of Eurema alitha
given as the ratio between specimens from Sulawesi
Tenggara (Tra, n = 7) and Sulawesi Selatan (Sel, n = 5).
Left hind wings were used for the analysis. The mean
value of all ratios is 1.40 as indicated by the line).
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
Bin Center
50-1
45-
I 40-
Q. 35-1
</)
U)
:= 30H
25-
20
P = 0.0001
— I - 1 - 1 —
Tra A Tra B Tra C
Sel
— I - 1 —
Ten A Ten B
Group
Figure 5. Trimodal size distribution of wing span in Eure¬
ma alitha from Sulawesi Tenggara. Altogether 31 speci¬
mens were used for the analysis. GraphPad Prism was
used for calculating the frequency distribution and its
presentation vertical scatter plot.
Figure 6. Box plot of wing sizes calculated from speci¬
mens of the 3 different size classes of Eurema alitha
from Sulawesi Tenggara (Tra A, n = 7; Tra B, n = 8; Tra
C, n = 10). For comparison, plots are also shown for
specimens from Sulawesi Selatan (Sel, n = 5) and from
Sulawesi Tengah (Ten A, n = 2; Ten B, n = 3). The differ¬
ences between the size classes are statistically signifi¬
cant as indicated.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
sixth instar can occur in Eurema hecabe. However,
the length of the larvae and also the head capsule
width of the final 5^^ or 6^^ instar were identical so
that size of the imagines can also be expected
to be the same, irrespective of the development
via 5 or 6 instars. This latter phenomenon was
also recorded for some Satyrinae species (Roos,
in preparation). Under the assumption that the
middle sized specimens of E. alitha develop via 5
instars and the smaller and larger ones by 4 and
6, respectively, the function shown in Figure 7 is
obtained by linear regression. It is noted that the
line crosses the y-axis close to zero thereby giving
a further support for the ‘larval instar’ hypothesis.
For this, quite different underlying regulatory
mechanisms must be responsible in contrast to the
food plant dependent development of E. hecabe
described byOoi (1992).
Differences in wing size and in the extent of
dark coloured wing areas of butterflies are often
associated with seasonal variation, i.e. dry and
wet season forms. This phenomenon has also
been shown for Eurema-species (Jones 1992;
Daniels 1995). The results presented above are
obtained exclusively from wet season specimens
from both Southwest and SE Sulawesi. Based on
only six males from Sulawesi Tenggara taken in
the dry season in October, it is shown that there
are also season-dependent differences in the wing
pattern areas (Fig. 8) while the wing span does not
appear to be affected (Fig. 9). Similar to the wet
season form, the relative area of the yellow patch is
independent of the wing size. The calculated slope
for the function % yellow forewing area vs. absolute
forewing area statistically does not differ from zero
Proposed number of larval instars
Figure 7. Presentation of the wing span of male Eurema
alitha butterflies as a hypothetical function of the pro¬
posed number of larval in stars (see text).
(Fig. 10).
Daniels (1995) compared forewing lengths of
dry and wet season forms of 3 different Eurema
species from Florida, U.S.A. Significant differences
were recorded but they were less pronounced than
between the season-independent size classes of E.
alitha described here. Jones (1992) showed that
forewing length as well as the colour pattern, i.e.
the portion of dark versus yellow areas, seasonally
varies among six Australian Eurema species.
In summary, there appear several mechanisms
causing variability in wing size, in colour pattern
and in the development of Eurema species:
1. Eurema alitha from different populations: Region
dependent variation in the extent of dark pattern
elements. The yellow patch is significantly reduced
in specimens from Sulawesi Tenggara compared to
those from Sulawesi Selatan (Fig. 1).
2. Eurema aiitha from Sulawesi Tenggara:
Seasonally dependent alteration of the yellow wing
area with smaller areas in the wet season form (Fig.
8).
3. Eurema aiitha from Sulawesi Tenggara:
Seasonally independent substantial variability in
wing size with a trimodal frequency distribution
(Fig. 9) not influencing the extent of colour pattern.
4. Eurema sp. from Australia: Seasonally
concomitant variation in size and colour pattern
(Jones 1992).
5. Eurema hecabe Linnaeus, 1758 from Malaysia:
Region/Season
Figure 8. Differences in the size of the yellow forewing
area in wet (_W) and dry season (_D) specimens of Eure¬
ma alitha from Sulawesi Tenggara. The relative size of
the yellow patch normalized on the total forewing area is
plotted. Number of specimens analyzed: Tenggara_W, n
= 16, Tenggara_D, n =6. In spite of the overlap between
values of the two samples the difference is statistically
significant.
444
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
vTS v7c D^A D^B
Size classes (Wet and Dry Season)
Figure 9. Wing span (nnnn) of Eurema alitha fronn the wet
(W) and dry season (D) in Sulawesi Tenggara. Box-plots
for the three identified size classes A - C are shown.
Nunnber of analyzed individuals: W-A, n = 8; W-B, n = 12:
W-C, n = 11; D-A, n = 5; D-B, n = 2: D-C, n = 2.
Food plant dependent developnnent via five or six
instar larvae (Ooi 1992).
In fennales of E. alitha, the trend to nnore
melanotic phenotypes in SE Sulawesi is even more
pronounced (Plate 88 fig. 2) than in males. However,
a quantitative analysis has not yet been performed.
Judged from the wing coloration, E. alitha from
Sulawesi Tenggara resembles much more the
northern ssp. zIta Felder et Felder, 1865 than ssp.
lorquini Felder et Felder, 1865. Vane-Wright & de
Jong (2003) also include populations of Banggai in
ssp. zIta but leave open the subspecific assignment
of populations of the islands south of Sulawesi
Tenggara. Both, Jurriaanse & Lindemans (1920)
and Martin (1920) list the latter under the name
zIta, Martin (1920) even in the rank of a species. In
a preliminary study with limited material of E. alitha
from Muna Island it can be shown here that the
colour pattern resembles that of the populations
from SE Sulawesi (Fig. 11). In addition, this is also
true for populations of Sulawesi Tengah (Fig. 11).
A detailed morphometric comparison with ssp. zIta
from North Sulawesi has not yet been performed.
Based on figures in Yata (1995), the yellow area on
the forewing of a male from Menado [= Manado] in
North Sulawesi is of similar size as in specimens
from Sulawesi Tenggara, i.e. 32.2% of the forewing
area vs. a mean of 30.9%, respectively.
Eurema tominia Vollenhoven, 1865
In addition to the Sulawesi region, E. tominia
Figure 10. Extent of the yellow coloured forewing area of
the dry season fornn of nnale Eurema alitha fronn SESu-
lawesi as a function of the total forewing area. For the
yellow area absolute values (Raute) and relative values
(circles) were used. The latter were calculated by nornnal-
ization of the absolute values on the total forewing area.
While a nearly linear correlation is obtained between the
absolute values the nornnalized patch area is indepen¬
dent of wing size (statistically, the slightly negative slope
does not derive fronn zero).
occurs in Borneo. From Sulawesi Island only one
subspecies is known, the nominate ssp. tominia
(Corbet & Pendlebury 1932; Yata & Morishita
1985; Otsuka 1988) while a number of subspecies
from adjacent islands are recognized (Vane-
Wright & de Jong 2003). The various E. tominia-
subspecies described from Sulawesi, particularly
by Fruhstorfer, such as toradja Fruhstorfer, 1910,
zamida Fruhstorfer, 1908 and tondana Felder,
1875 were not mentioned by Martin (1920) except
for battana Fruhstorfer, 1908, which he considers
to be the subspecies from South Sulawesi. Later, all
of these subspecies were synonymized by Corbet
& Pendlebury (1932) and also not accepted by
most subsequent authors (Yata & Morishita 1985;
Vane-Wright & de Jong 2003). As an exception,
only D’Abrera (1982) lists 3 subspecies from
Sulawesi, the nominate subspecies tominia for
North Sulawesi, ssp. battana for South Sulawesi
and ssp. toradja for East Sulawesi. There are no
literature data on the occurrence of E. tominia in SE
Sulawesi. Also Jurriaanse & Lindemans (1920) do
not list E. tominia in their publication on butterflies
from SE Sulawesi. My own investigations, however,
prove its presence from several localities in SE
Sulawesi and show that these populations differ by
their wing markings from those occuring in other
parts of the island. The following locations and data
445
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
n = 16 n = 4 n = 5 n = 5
- 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 —
Tenggara Muna Selatan Tengah
Region
Figure 11. Relative extent of the yellow forewing area be¬
tween Eurema alitha fronn various regions of Sulawesi
(Tenggara, Selatan, Tengah) and Muna Island. Nunnber
of analyzed individuals (n) and statistical significance (P)
as indicated.
can be listed for E. tominia:
Andannao 15.111.2013
Kolaka 22.X.2005, 29/30.111.2009,
01.IV.2009, 17/19/21.111.2011
Porabua 18.111.2013, 16.111.2015
Sambeani 28.11.1999, 02.111.1999
As in E. alitha, the south-eastern E. tominia-
subspecies is characterized by reduced yellow-
coloured areas on the wings’ upperside connpared
to nonni notypical E. tominia fronn Sulawesi Selatan
(Fig. 12, plate 88 figs 7-10). In the nnean (M),
the portion of the yellow area on the forewing
uppersides announts to 36.8% connpared to
20.7% in specinnens fronn Sulawesi Selatan and
Sulawesi Tenggara, respectively. Figure 12 shows
the data for individual specinnens (nunnbers) and
the corresponding nnean values including standard
deviations (M). There is only little variation in the
nornnalized values for the size of the yellow patch
although there are substantial differences in the
total forewing area in E. tominia individuals fronn SE
Sulawesi. Due to insufficient nnaterial it cannot be
concluded whether there are discrete size classes
in E. tominia sinnilar to E. alitha.
Fennale specinnens fronn SE Sulawesi have nearly
connpletely dark brown forewings, i.e. the yellow
pattern elennents are connpletely or largely nnissing
(Plate 88 figs 3 & 6). In this respect they resennble
E. celebensis ssp. exophthalma Fruhstorfer
(see below) fronn Sula Island and represent the
darkest fornn of nnainlaind Sulawesi. Further
nnaterial of fennale E. tominia is needed for a nnore
connprehensive analysis.
446
Eurema celebensis Wallace, 1867
Typical E. celebensis was described fronn Makassar
in Southwest Sulawesi (Wallace 1867). A further
subspecies, ssp. exophthalma Fruhstorfer,
1910, which is characterized in nnales by broad
dark forewing nnargins and in fennales by nearly
connpletely dark brown coloured wings, occurs on
the Sula Islands and in the Banggai Archipelago,
located in the East of the Sulawesi region. Corbet &
Pendlebury (1932) state that “As a rule specinnens
fronn South Celebes are slightly larger and nnore
yellow than those fronn North Celebes”. This is not
true, however, for the populations fronn SE Sulawesi
which nnay be assigned to ssp. exophthalma.
Fennales fronn Sannbeani and Porabua (Sulawesi
Tenggara) are connpletely or nearly devoid of yellow
nnarkings on their forewings and nnales fronn that
region show broader brown forewing nnargins
connpared to specinnens fronn the southwest (Plate
89 figs 1-11). So, we can extend the distribution
area of ssp. exophthalma fronn the Sula- and
Banggai-lslands (Detani 1983; Yata 1991) to SE
Sulawesi. Accordingly, the distribution nnap in Yata
& Morishita (1985) has to be revised. There is little
infornnation on E. celebensis and the occurring
subspecies fronn Central and East Sulawesi. It is
noted that a fennale E. ce/eibens/s taken near Koyoan
in Sulawesi Tengah shows nearly connplete dark
brown forewings (Air Terjun Dendengan, Koyoan,
west of Luwuk, Sulawesi Tengah, March 2015, P.
Roos) (Plate 89 fig. 12). It is assunned that the area
of ssp. exophthalma also includes East Sulawesi.
350n
300-
250-
200-
150-
100-
50-
S. Tenggara
n — n — n — n — n — n
1 2 3 4 5
S. Selatan
r70
n — n
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
M 1 2 3
Figure 12. Total forewing area and relative extent of the
yellow coloured forewing area of E. tominia fronn Sulawe¬
si Tenggara and Sulawesi Selatan. Left and right bar
of each pair represent the total forewing area and the
yellow coloured area in % (right ordinate), respectively.
Mean values (M) and data for individual specinnens (n =
5 and n = 3) are shown. The means of the yellow patch
sizes of the two different populations are each indicated
by a line.
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
As stated by several authors (Martin 1920; Yata
& Morishita 1985; Yata 1991) and based on own
observations E. celebensis is rather rare and does
not form dense populations as is known for other
Eurema species (Roos 2000).
Three males of E. ce/edens/s from each of Sulawesi
Tenggara and Sulawesi Selatan, which are shown
in figs 1-3, 7-9 on plate 89, were used for a
quantitative analysis of the yellow forewing area.
For this the total area and the yellow coloured area
of both forewings were quantified by means of the
FIJI software and the mean values calculated. Then
the percentage of the yellow area related to the
total wing area was determined. Finally, means and
standard deviations were calculated including the
three specimens of each subspecies. Furthermore,
the wing span of each specimen was determined.
The data are summarized in the Table 1:
Table 1. Forewing area, wing span and relative extent of the yellow coloured forewing patch
of male E. tominia Vollenhoven, 1865 from Sulawesi Tenggara and Sulawesi Selatan.
Legends: Wing span is also given for females; s - significant; ns - not significant; number of specimens analyzed
in each group as indicated.
The quantitative analyses reveal a clear and
significant (P = 0.011) difference in wing coloration
between the two subspecies. The differences in
wing span and wing area are not significant. More
material is needed for the analyses to prove the
obvious differences in wing size which are absolute
values in contrast to the quantified yellow patch
which is normalized on the wing area. As has been
shown above for E. alitha different size classes also
do exist in E. celebensis affecting the statistical
analysis in particular of small samples, n = 3 in this
case.
Ceporia eperia Boisduval, 1836 (Pieridae)
Martin (1920) states that C. eperia is abundant on
Sulawesi at higher elevations and rare in coastal
areas. Also, Yata & Morishita (1985) give entire
Sulawesi as the distribution area for the species,
although there are no literature records which
document its occurrence in East and SE Sulawesi.
Accordingly, Iwasaki & Yata (2005) give North and
South Sulawesi as area for C. eperia and selectively
exclude Central, East and SE Sulawesi. Additionally,
the authors list C. eperia for the island Buton which
is located to the south of SE Sulawesi and describe
the ssp. flava Iwasaki et Yata, 2005 from there.
This subspecies is characterized by the extension
of the black forewing markings compared to the
nominotypical form.
I have found C. eperia also on mainland SE
Sulawesi. These specimens show broader black
wing markings and are therefore tentatively
assigned here to ssp. flava. A specimen from SE
Sulawesi is shown on plate 88 figs 11-12. 1 can give
the following locations and dates for C. eperia in
Southest Sulawesi: Kolaka (March 1994), Porabua
(March 2009) and Konawendepiha (March 2011).
Based on my observations, the species is much
rarer in this region than Ceporia timnatha Flewitson,
1862.
Thegenus Cyrestis Boisduval, 1832 (Nymphalidae:
Biblidinae)
According to the current state of knowledge, the
genus Cyrestis comprises altogether 4 species on
Sulawesi Island and a fifth one C. eximia Oberthur,
1879 occurs on Sangihe within the Sulawesi
Region. Up to now, 3 Cyrestis species are known
from Sulawesi Tenggara: C. strigata Felder et
Felder, 1867, C. paulinus Felder et Felder, 1860
and C. thyonneus Cramer, 1779 while C. heracles
Staudinger, 1896 is missing. According to Vane-
Wright & de Jong (2003), the latter species is
restricted to North and Central Sulawesi butTsukada
et al. (1985) marks only the northern peninsula
on the distribution map. My own observations,
however, have proven the presence of C. heracles in
the eastern parts of Sulawesi Tengah (Koyoan, vie.
Luwuk, Sulawesi Tengah, 07.iii.2015). Jurriaanse
& Lindemans (1920) also do not mention C.
heracles from the Islands Buton and Kabaena. The
absence of C. heracles from SE Sulawesi and its
447
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
presence in East Sulawesi is of zoogeographical
interest as there are otherwise many similarities
and congruencies between the two areas with
respect to the distribution of butterfly species and
subspecies. In this case, the non-existence of the
species C. heracles in the Southeast is a peculiarity
(see section below). Corbet and Pendlebury (1992)
and Holloway (1973) claim the presence of Cyrestis
codes Fabricius, 1787 on Sulawesi; this cannot
currently be substantiated.
Cyrestis strigata Felder et Felder, 1867
According to my own observations, C. strigata is
the most common among the four Cyrestis species
occurring on Sulawesi and appears to occur all
over the island (Martin 1924). However, Jurriaanse
& Lindemans (1920) do not mention the species
from Sulawesi Tenggara but from the off-shore
islands Wowoni and Buton located on the east and
south coast of that province. Also, Martin (1903),
Martin (1924) and Tsukada et al. (1985) do not list
any locality for C. strigata in SE as well as in East
Sulawesi. My own surveys have shown its presence
in Sulawesi Tenggara from the following places:
Kolaka, Sambeani, Lasada, Asolu, Porabua and
Andamao - all located north of the line between
Kolaka and Kendari from the west and east
coast. The upperside wing pattern of C. strigata is
variable, particularly concerning the extension of
the white median band. This pattern element has
been analyzed quantitatively in two different ways:
1. The width of the band in the forewing cells has
been quantified individually and related to the
forewing length to account for size differences as
mentioned before;
2. The area of the band on the forewings has been
determined and then related to the total wing area
as percentage. The populations from SE Sulawesi
statistically differ in the extension of the median
band from those occurring in the northern parts
of South Sulawesi, i.e. from Sumarorong and
Rantepao. The white band is clearly broader in the
latter (Figs 13-14; plate 89 figs 13-18).
By both methods mentioned above, concerning
total band area as well as the band width in all
forewing cells, the differences between specimens
from Sulawesi Tenggara and Sulawesi Selatan are
statistically significant.
A comparison between specimens from further
parts of Sulawesi, revealed that the band extension
for the populations from SE Sulawesi is nearly
identical to those from East Sulawesi and is similar,
but significantly broader (P = 0.026) in specimens
from southern South Sulawesi (Bantimurung) (Fig.
Forewing Cell
Figure 13. Relative width of the white median band in
the different wing cells on the forewing upperside of
Cyrestis strigata from Sulawesi Tenggara and Sulawesi
Selatan. The relative band width is given as percentage
of the forewing lengths. Measurements were each ex¬
ecuted for both forewings and then means of the two
values were calculated. These were used for calculating
means and standard deviations obtained from 4 speci¬
mens of Sulawesi Tenggara (Kolaka) and 3 specimens
from Sulawesi Selatan (Rantepao, Sumarorong).
25-
20-
15-
10-
5-
0
P = 0.003
P = 0.026
4
T
3
3
1
Tra
T - 1 - 1 - r
Tgh S-Sel N-Sel acilia
Figure 14. Area of the white median band on the fore¬
wings of Cyrestis strigata. The band area was determined
on both forewings by means of the FIJI software and nor¬
malized of the total wing area. The means were used
for further calculations concerning the different samples
from Sulawesi Tenggara (Tra), Sulawesi Tengah (Tgh),
southern (S-Sel) and northern Sulawesi Selatan (N-Sel).
For comparison a representative specimen of Cyrestis
adlia from Timika (Papua, Indonesia) was analyzed. The
number of analyzed specimens is shown on the bars.
Statistically sign if i cant differences as indicated.
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
14). Thus, the darkest fornns of C. strigata occur in
SE Sulawesi, sinnilar to those fronn East Sulawesi.
Cyrestis paulinus Felder et Felder, 1860
The species of the Cyrestis subgenus Apsithra
Moore, 1899 (= codes group) of the Sulawesi
region are under current revision (Roos, in
preparation). There are no published records of C.
paulinus fronn SE Sulawesi although the distribution
map of Tsukada et al. (1985) depicts the entire
eastern parts of Sulawesi from the south to the
north as distribution area for C. paulinus mantilis
Staudinger, 1886. My own investigations have
shown, however, that SE Sulawesi is not inhabited
by ssp. mantilis but by ssp. kransi Jurriaanse et
Lindemans, 1920, which has been described from
the island Wowoni and is also known from Buton.
The following locations and data can be given for C.
paulinus kransi in SE Sulawesi: Porabua in March
2009, 2011 and 2013; Konawendepiha in March
2013; Uete in March 2011. The occurrence of
ssp. kransi both in SE Sulawesi and its southern
offshore islands underlines once more the
faunistic relationship between theses regions. To
the contrary, the islands Peleng and Mangole (Sula
Islands) off East Sulawesi bear the ssp. kuehni
Rober, 1886 and ssp. seneca Wallace, 1869,
respectively, while ssp. mantilis occurs on mainland
East Sulawesi. It is not known whether there are
contact zones or overlapping areas for mantilis and
kransi in the northern parts of Sulawesi Tenggara.
Furthermore, it is questionable whether the four
different subspecies, i.e. mantilis, kuehni, kransi
and seneca belong to one and the same species,
C. paulinus. The different subspecies occurring in
the Sulawesi region and further two, ssp. gilolensis
Lathy, 1904 from Seram and ssp. waigeuensis
Fruhstorfer, 1900 from Waigeo of the Papuan region
are shown on plate 90 figs 1-16) for comparison.
Clearly, the south-eastern ssp. kransi constitutes
the paulinus-subspecies in which the dark wing
pattern elements are most strongly broadened,
although the intensity of the brown colour may
be stronger in other subspecies. As the whole
group is under revision detailed analyses are
not presented here but the Figures on Plate 90
undoubtedly demonstrate the large differences in
wing colour intensity and also patterns between
the relevant subspecies. Considerable variation in
wing colouration is observed in C. paulinus kransi
reminiscent somewhat of the dry and wet season
form of Cyrestis codes Fabricius, 1787. Flowever,
both brighter or darker specimens of ssp. kransi
have been taken at the same time at the same
location.
Lexias aeetes Hewitson, 1861
L aeetes is an endemic species of the Sulawesi
region. As well as on the main island, the species
also occurs on adjacent islands such as Peleng,
Buton and Wowoni from which subspecies have
been described. The most obvious variation in
the wing colour pattern concerns the hindwing
upperside which largely lacks any light markings
in the subspecies of the offshore islands and
shows clear markings of varying extension in
the subspecies described from Sulawesi proper.
According to the current literature, the nominate
subspecies occurs in North Sulawesi, ssp. satellita
Jurriaanse et Lindemans, 1920 in Central Sulawesi
and ssp. phasiana in South Sulawesi (Tsukada
1991; Vane-Wright & de Jong 2003). Although data
are obviously missing, Tsukada (1991) includes
SE Sulawesi in the range of ssp. satellita, while
Vane-Wright & de Jong (2003) do not mention any
subspecies from that part of the island. This is the
state of prior knowledge. Analysis of specimens
from SE Sulawesi and evaluation of literature
data reveals that this current picture needs to be
corrected.
Wing pattern analyses of specimens from different
localities in SE Sulawesi, i.e. Moramo, Sambeani,
Asinua and Porabua, show that these populations
coincide with ssp. butongensis Tsukada, 1991,
which has been described from Buton Island which
is located to the South of Sulawesi Tenggara.
This subspecies is characterized by the hindwing
upperside which is nearly devoid of any colour
pattern as in ssp. rubellio Fruhstorfer, 1898 from
Peleng Island located in the Banggai Archipelago of
East Sulawesi.
Thus, Lexias aeetes is an example of a species
from the family Nymphalidae which tends to have
darker wings in the southeast compared to other
regions in Sulawesi. Reduction of light markings on
the hindwing, which is obvious from figs 1-4 (Plate
91), is also true for the forewings as substantiated
by a detailed quantitative analysis of the colour
pattern. This is exemplified by quantifying the area
of four selected white patches on the forewing
upperside. The white areas marked with a and b
were determined in cells R5, Ml, M2 and M3 of the
left forewing of four specimens each from SE and
Southwest Sulawesi (Fig. 15). For comparability,
the areas of the patches were normalized on the
total forewing area and given as percentage. It is
noted that wing size and wing geometry do not
differ between the populations (Table 2, next page).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Table 2. Wing size and wing geonnetry of Lex/as aeetes fronn Sulawesi Tenggara and Sulawesi Selatan.
Legends: The left forewings of four specinnens each were analyzed. The paranneters were quantified by nneans of
photographs and the progrannnn FIJI.
All five quantified patches appear generally snnaller
in specinnens fronn SE Sulawesi connpared to those
fronn South west-Sulawesi although the differences
are only significant for the pattern elennents M2a,
M3a and M3b (Fig. 16; Plate 91 figs 1-2). The
P-values obtained by Student’s t-test are 0.029,
0.024 and 0.046, respectively. The total area of
all nneasured patches is also significantly different
between specinnens fronn the two regions with P =
0.025. Means and standard deviations are (% sunn
of all patches area of total forewing area): 4.32 ±
0.80 and 5.62 ± 0.37 for specinnens fronn SE- and
Southwest Sulawesi, respectively.
The L aeetes populations fronn SE Sulawesi can
be assigned to the subspecies currently known
as ssp. butongensis Tsukada, 1991 fronn Buton
Island. However, this taxon is synonynnous with
satellita Jurriaanse et Lindennans, 1920, as will
be outlined here. The latter subspecies has been
described fronn Wowoni, a snnall island off the east
coast of SE Sulawesi. Based on the original sate///ta
description, the wing pattern clearly nneets that of
ssp. butongensis of Tsukada. A nnale of satellita
fronn Palu figured by Tsukada (1991) does not
nnatch the characteristics of that subspecies but
nearly coincides with ssp. phaslana Butler, 1870
fronn Southwest Sulawesi. This is also true for a
nnale fronn Puncak Palopo figured by Casteleyn
(2004) under the nanne satellita. According to the
distribution nnap given by Tsukada (1991), ssp.
satellita is said to occur in SE, East, Central and
the northern parts of Southwest Sulawesi, up to the
Palu Valley in the north, onnitting, however, the type-
locality Wowoni Island. The latter island is located
just north of Buton. The current nonnenclatorial and
distribution status can be sunnnnarized as follows:
Lexias aeetes Hewitson, 1861sate///ta Jurriaanse
et Lindemans, 1920
= ssp. butongensis Tsukada, 1991 syn. nov.
The distribution area of subspecies satellita covers
the islands Buton, Kabaena and Wowoni and SE
Sulawesi (Tsukada 1991; Jurriaanse & Lindennans
1920; Roos, this paper). The northern distribution
linnits of satellita are not known and it isalso not clear
whether or how far it penetrates into the eastern
peninsula of Sulawesi, there eventually nneeting
ssp. rubellio Fruhstorfer, 1898 which also has
largely reduced hindwing nnarkings. The following
locations and data for L aeetes in SE Sulawesi can
be given: Sannbeani, 27.11.1999, Asinua, 14.X.2002,
Porabua,19.X.2005/ 18.111.2013, Silui, 14.111.2013
/ 16.111.2015; Moramo, 03.IV.2009; Kendari,
26.111.2015.
Neptis ida Moore, 1858
There is substantial wing pattern variability in
Neptis ida within the Sulawesi region. As already
stated by Vane-Wright & de Jong (2003), there is
confusion about the subspecific taxonomy of the
species and in the assignment of populations from
different areas to described subspecies. According
to Tsukada et al. (1985) Neptis Ida is represented
on both southern peninsulae of Sulawesi by
the ssp. sphaerica Fruhstorfer, 1907. However,
my own material shows that the populations of
Southwest and SE Sulawesi clearly differ in their
wing markings (Plate 91 figs 5-10). Additionally,
sphaerica is introduced by Fruhstorfer (1907) as an
infra-subspecific taxon and is thus not available as
valid name (Eliot 1969).
The populations of N. ida from SE Sulawesi are
characterized by darkened wing markings and thus
follow the proposed darkening trend. To objectify
this observation, wing pattern elements of the
forewing upperside were analyzed in a verifiable
way which can be applied for future comparative
studies of further populations. The mean colour
intensity was determined in equally sized rectangles
placed within the white/grey pattern elements of
450
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
Figure 15. Quantification of wing pattern elennents of
Lexias aeetes Hewitson, 1861. Left: Forewing showing
the areas used for quantitative analysis.
the forewing (FI, F2) and hindwing (Fll to FI5) (Fig.
17). The patch in hindwing cell M2 is divided into
two areas displaying different intensities marked
with FI3a and FI3b. For comparison a specimen of
N. ida from Sulawesi Selatan is shown in Figure
18. The intensity was also determined for a dark
coloured area in forewing cell Cul as control.
A comparison of the patch intensities between
N. ida specimens from Sulawesi Selatan and S.
Tenggara shows that on the forewing all the patches
are generally darker in the former. On the hindwing
the darkening concerns the patches in wing cells
R and Ml but not in cells Cul and Cu2. As already
mentioned above, the cell in M2 is heterogenous.
The results of the intensity measurements for
specimens from the two Sulawesi provinces are
shown in Figure 19. For this exploratory analysis
only one specimen each was used and parameters
were determined for both forewings. Finally,
means were calculated and presented in a bar
diagram. There are clear-cut intensity differences
for the parameters FI, F2, Fll, FI2 and FI3a while
intensities are similar for FI3b, FI4 and FI5 which
may serve as a good control for the measurements.
Out of the complete set of parameters three were
selected for further studies with extended sample
sizes. Intensities for F2, FI2 and FI4 (constant)
were determined on both left and right wings for
9 specimens each from Sulawesi Tenggara and
Sulawesi Selatan (Fig. 20). Characters F2 and
FI2 differ significantly between specimens from
the two provinces with P < 0.001 in contrast to
FI4 (P = 0.156, not significant). By the described
quantitative method, the darkening trend in N. ida
from SE Sulawesi can be clearly demonstrated.
R5a M1a M2a M3a M3b
White Patch on Forewing
Figure 16. Bar-diagram showing the relative areas of the
white patches (see Fig. 15) as a percentage of the total
wing area for Lexias aeetes specimens from Sulawesi
Selatan (n = 4) and Sulawesi Tenggara (n = 4). The ar¬
eas were quantified on the left forewing of each speci¬
men, using the FIJI software. The analyzed specimens
originate from the following locations: Bantimurung (Su¬
lawesi Selatan), Moramo, Porabua, Sambeani, Asenua
(Sulawesi Tenggara). Significantly different values are
marked with an asterisk (see text).
Besides the decrease in intensity, the white/grey
patches in southeastern N. ida are also smaller
than in specimens from Sulawesi Selatan (results
not shown) thus additionally aggravating the
darkening effect.
The current investigations shed some light on the
confusingtreatmentofthe infraspecific taxonomy of
N. ida. Flowever, populations from more subregions
in Sulawesi have to be analyzed quantitatively to
come to a final sound conclusion. Based on the
above data the populations of SE Sulawesi are
tentatively assigned to ssp. carbonespersa Martin,
1924.
There are more butterfly species or subspecies in
SE Sulawesi showing the wing pattern darkening
trend but they have not all been analyzed in detail.
For a final proof relevant pattern elements have
to be identified for each species and methods for
their quantitative analyses have to be defined.
For example, Cepora timnatha Flewitson, 1862
(Pieridae) and Poiyura cognata Vollenhoven, 1861
(Nymphalidae) are prospective candidates.
Sulawesian butterfly species missing from
Sulawesi Tenggara
In this last section, selected butterfly species
will be listed which have not yet been reported from
451
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Figure 17. Areas on the wings of Neptis ida Moore, 1858
which were used for intensity nneasurennents using FIJI-
software. Specinnen fronn Sulawesi Tenggara showing the
transition in intensity of the hindwing nnedian band fronn
FI3a to FI3b in wing cell M2.
Selatan CU Tenggara
Character
Figure 19. Connparative quantitative analysis of the wing
pattern of Neptis ida fronn Sulawesi Tenggara and Su¬
lawesi Selatan. The intensities of the nnedian band in the
different wing cells were quantified in equally sized rect¬
angles by FIJI. Only one representative specinnen from
each region was analyzed. Values are means of the mea¬
surements on the left and the right wings.
SE Sulawesi, but which occur in other parts of the
island as indicated. This concerns species which I
assunne are absent fronn this region - of course,
a final proof cannot be given. It is noted that only
exannples are given in the following table (Parts
of Sulawesi: C - Central; E - East; N - North; S -
South).
Figure 18. Specimen of Neptis ida from Sulawesi-Selatan
for comparison showing the uniformity in the intensity of
the white median band on the hindwing which is differ¬
ent in specimens from Sulawesi Tenggara (Fig. 17).
Character
Figure 20. Intensities of the median band for characters
F2, FI2 and FI4 (see fig 17) of Neptis ida from Sulawesi
Tenggara and Sulawesi Selatan. From each region, 9
specimens were analyzed. Statistically significant differ¬
ences are marked with an asterisk (P < 0.001).
Papilionidae
Atrophaneura dixoni Grose-Snnith, 1901 C N
Atrophaneura kuehni Hon rath, 1886 C E N
Losaria palu Martin, 1912 C
Papilio jordani Fruhstorfer, 1906 N
Graphium euphrates Felder et Felder, 1862 S
452
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
(plates 85-91)
Pieridae
Delias Hiibner, 1819
There are ten species of the genus in the
Sulawesi region (Vane-Wright & de Jong 2003).
However, there are no definitive reports of any
of thenn for nnainland Sulawesi Tenggara. Not a
single Delias is listed by Jurriaanse and Lindennans
(1920). Although the distribution nnaps for D.
kuehni Honrath, 1886, D. rosenderg/ Vollenhoven,
1865 and D. zebuda Hewitson, 1862 in Yata
and Morishita (1985) at least partially cover SE
Sulawesi, there is not any proof for their occurrence
in that region; not a single definite locality is given.
Also Martin (1920) does not report thenn for SE
Sulawesi. However, D. rosenbergi is likely to occur
in SE Sulawesi as there exists a subspecies, ssp.
munaensis Nakano, 1988, on the islands Muna
and Buton. As is often the case, taxa fronn these
islands are also present on nnainland SE Sulawesi.
Furthernnore, Yagishita et al. (1993) and also Vane-
Wright and de Jong (2003) refer D. rosenbergi fronn
SE Sulawesi.
Eurema irena Corbet, Pendlebury, 1932 C
Ixias piepersi Snellen, 1878 S
ixias paluensis Martin, 1914 C
Cepora fora Fruhstorfer, 1897 C N S
Nymphalidae, Satyrinae
Lohora dinon Hewitson, 1864 S
Lohora anna Vane-Wright et Fernnon, 2003 C
Lohora deianirina Fruhstorfer, 1897 C N
Lohora deianira Hewitson, 1862 N
Lohora imitatrix Martin, 1929 C
Lohora erna Fruhstorfer, 1898 S
Lohora tanuki Jsukada et Nishiyanna, 1979 C E
Nirvanopsis hypnus Tsukada et Nishiyanna, 1979
CE
Acrophthalmia windorum Miller et Miller, 1978 C N
Nymphalidae, Danainae
Parantica sulewattan Fruhstorfer, 1896 S
Parantica kuekenthali Pagenstecher, 1896 N
Nymphalidae, Charaxinae
Cha raxes mars Staudinger, 1885 C N S
Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae
Cyrestis heracles Staudinger, 1896 C N
Discussion and conciuding remarks
The butterfly fauna of Sulawesi has been
studied by nnany entonnologists with great interest.
However, large areas such as SE and East Sulawesi
have been largely excluded fronn the investigations,
although the off-shore islands in these regions
such as Buton, Muna and the Banggai archipelago
attracted sonne interest. For understanding the
zoogeography and evolution of the Sulawesi
butterfly fauna, data fronn the neglected areas are
needed. Fronn their geological history, these two
parts of Sulawesi are distinct as they are of different
tectonic origin connpared to West and North
Sulawesi. The western and eastern block originate
fronn different parts of Gondwanaland and were
separated fronn each other for a longtinne period of
about 200 Ma. The collision of both blocks is dated
in the nniddle nniocene, about 15 nnillion years ago
(Audley-Charles 1987). A third geological province
of the Sulawesi region, recognized by Sukannto &
Sinnandjuntak (1983), is the archipelago east of
Sulawesi, i.e. the Banggai and Sula Islands. The
islands south of SE Sulawesi, such as Buton and
Muna, drifted separately fronn the eastern Sulawesi
block as nnicro-continental blocks (Moss & Wilson
1998). The geological provinces, however, do not
coincide with biogeographical entities. Based on
the above presented results, the butterfly fauna
of SE Sulawesi appears to be nnore closely related
to that of the islands Buton and Muna than to
neighbouring fauna of East Sulawesi. This is
underlined by the connnnon occurrence of specific
taxa such as Parthenos sylvia ornatrix, Cyrestis
paulinus kransi and Lohora umbrosa which are
not found in other parts of Sulawesi. In addition,
the trend for wing pattern darkening in certain
butterflies is paralleled for these islands and SE
Sulawesi. In terms of butterfly distribution it is
therefore suggested to define parts of SE Sulawesi
together with its southern off-shore islands a
discrete zoogeographic entity within the Sulawesi
region and to distinguish it from East Sulawesi.
The question arises now where there are the
northern limits of this zoogeographic entity (Fig.
21). For answering this question, studies on the
distribution of the following pairs of taxa or species
will be helpful (most northern localities known so
far for the first mentioned southeastern taxon are
given in parenthesis):
Parthenos sylvia ornatrix (Uete) vs. Parthenos
Sylvia salentia.
Cyrestis paulinus kransi (Konawendepiha) vs.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Cyrestis paulinus mantilis.
Zethera incerta tenggara (Andannao) vs. Zethera
incerta incerta.
It cannot be excluded that the three
aforennentioned subspecies fronn SE Sulawesi
constitute species distinct fronn P. sylvia, C. paulinus
and Z incerta, respectively.
Lohora umbrosa vs. Lohora decipiens
(Porabua). These are probably sister species
(prelinninary nnorphological and nnolecular data).
Cirrohroa recondita (Sannbeani). A vica riant
partner is not defined. The nnost related species
is presunnably Cirrochroa eremita Tsukada, 1985
which is known so far, however, only fronn North
Sulawesi.
Unfortunately, there are no faunistic data
on butterflies fronn the relevant regions which
nnay include the borders or contact zones of the
nnentioned species or subspecies. Large areas of
northern SE Sulawesi are obviously not explored
entonno logically, such as the Meluhu, Abuki,
Mataronnbeo and Tangkelennboke Mountains. As a
first working hypothesis, the Lawanopo fault which
runs fronn the Gulf of Bone in the north across SE
Sulawesi to close of Kendari on the east coast is
selected as boundary so that the south-eastern
zoogeographic entity can be defined as shown in Fig.
22. The northern dennarcation in SE Sulawesi of the
area is sinnilar to that used by van Baalgooy (1987)
for a plant geographical analysis. The area largely
coincides with the central Sulawesi nnetannorphic
belt(Hannilton 1979) but includes Buton, in addition.
The Lawanopo fault systenn has been described in
detail by Natawidjaja and Daryono (2015) so that
the location of the prospective zoogeographical
boundary can be easily retraced.
Another question concerns the evolutionary
origin of the species of the southeast sub-region.
For this, either the western or eastern block has to
be considered as origin as the micro-continental
blocks which later formed the off-shore islands
could not have served as rafts carrying terrestrial
species or biota from the Australian Plate because
they were submerged for longer periods (Moss &
Wilson 1998). On this background, the case of
the Satyrine genus Lohora should be discussed
here shortly. According to Kodandaramaiah et al.
(2010) the genera Lohora and Mycalesis diverged
about 24 Ma ago, which is before the collision of
the western and eastern Sulawesi block. Species
splitting processes within the Lohora radiation can
be dated back to 3 Ma concerning for example the
divergence between L. transiens Fruhstorfer, 1908
and L ophtha/m/cus Westwood, 1888. Independent
development of Lohora on the eastern and western
block is not probable. However, a decision from
which block the dispersal and following radiation
started cannot be answered based on available
data. Stelbrink et al. (2012) discussed possible
dispersal and vicariance scenarios for Sulawesi and
came to the conclusion that most Sulawesi taxa
originate from Asian ancestors and thus invaded
via the western block. A phylogenetic analysis of
the genus Lohora will probably help to answer the
questions concerningthe evolutionary history of the
species and to explain current distribution patterns.
Similar analyses have to be performed for all
Sulawesi butterfly species. The evolutionary history
of the different taxa of the Cyrestis codes group
within the Sulawesi region appears particularly
interesting. An Australian origin of C. paulinus
kransi cannot be excluded as invasion via dynamic
land connections as discussed by Stelbrink et al.
(2012) is conceivable.
Acknowledgements
I wish to thank Blanca Huertas (The Natural
History Museum, London, United Kingdom) and
Eulalia Gasso Miracle (Naturalis Biodiversity Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands) for their kind help in the
museums collections, in particular for checking
Jamides and Polyura species from Sulawesi. I am
grateful to Alan Cassidy (Maidenhead, Berkshire,
United Kingdom) for critical reading the manuscript
and improving the English language. I also thank
him for valuable and helpful correspondence on
Sulawesi Lycaenidae. Finally, I am very thankful to
Andreas Muller (Oberhofen am Irrsee, Austria) for
providing specimens of Eurema alitha from Muna
Island for my investigations.
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Appendix
Table 3. List of localities including coordinates and altitudes.
458
Telnov, D.: Ne\N Australobolbus H. Howden et J. Cooper, 1977 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae) ...
(plates 92-93)
New Australobolbus H. Howden et J. Cooper, 1977
(Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae),
with a key to Papuan species
Dmitry Telnov
Darza iela 10, Stopinu novads, LV-2130, Dzidrinas, Latvia; e-mail: anthicus@gmail.com
Abstract: A new species of genus Australobolbus H. Howden et J. Cooper, 1977 fronn Arfak Mountains, western New
Guinea, is described. An annotated species list of Australobolbus is presented. An updated identification key to Aus-
tralobolbus species fronn the Papuan region is provided.
Keywords: Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae, AE/stra/obo/bE/s, key to species. New Guinea, Australia.
Introduction
Australobolbus H. Howden et J. Cooper, 1977
is a Bolbocerine genus of 47 recent species and
subspecies (including a new species described
herein). Australobolbus is distributed all over the
Australian mainland with nine species (including a
new one) on New Guinea and satellite islands as
well as on Tanimbar Islands (H Howden & J. Cooper
1977; H. Howden 1992; H. Howden et al. 2007).
Two species, Australobolbus cruciatus H. Howden,
1990 and A. lower! laratinus (Arrow, 1916), are
shared between the Australian (Queensland) and
Papuan fauna. All other taxa show more restricted
distribution (H. Howden et al. 2007). All the present
distribution area of Australobolbus but Tanimbar Is¬
lands meets with the area of Sahul shelf. Tanimbar
Islands have never been a part of Sahul and there¬
fore were not connected with Australia and New
Guinea in the past. The nearest distance between
the Tanimbars and Sahul shelf nowadays is about
30 km - a distance relatively easy reachable for fly¬
ing insects. According to a present classification of
Scarabaeoid beetles (Smith 2006), the genus be¬
longs to the tribe Australobolbini Nikolajev, 1996 of
the Bolboceratinae Geotrupidae.
The main characters distinguishing Austra/o-
bolbus from related Australian and Papuan genera
are (H. Howden 1992; H. Howden et al. 2007) the
wide scutellum, presence of seven elytral striae
between the suture and humeral umbone and to¬
tal body length below 13 mm. External sexual dif¬
ferences are not apparent in this genus. The New
Guinea Australobolbus are usually dark brown or
black or with the pronotum light brown and the
head and elytra dark brown with few exceptions (A.
parvus H. Howden, 1990 and A. rotundatus (Hope,
1841) have reddish brown to pale reddish body). In
contrary, Australian representatives are mostly red¬
dish or pale brown.
Australobolbus species are reported from arid
grasslands to moist rainforest areas. In Australia,
their habitat types range from wet coastal rainfor¬
ests to moderately dry, open Eucalyptus forest and
desert areas. These beetles were reported from
sandy-loam or clay soils. On New Guinea, Australo¬
bolbus inhabit lowland and lower montane rainfor¬
ests and were reported from up to 1510 m altitude
(a new observation). Most if not all species in Aus¬
tralia are nocturnal (H. Howden et al. 2007). Pap¬
uan species were sampled in light traps, flight in¬
terception traps or at dung bait (H. Howden 1990).
During our studies, the single specimen of A. ar-
fakianus sp. nov. was collected at light set at the
edge of primary lower montane rainforest in Arfak
Mountains on Doberai Peninsula of New Guinea.
Papuan region used in the text means zoogeo¬
graphic term in sense of Gressitt (1982), Beehler et
al. (1986), and Telnov (2011). This area is defined
as the Sahul continental shelf islands with the Pa¬
cific Ocean north and east of New Guinea and Tor¬
res Strait south of it. In the west, chains of Moluc-
can Islands (North, Central and South Moluccas)
with high percentage of Papuan fauna elements
are also considered part of the Papuan region with
Weber’s Line used as western boundary of the re¬
gion as a line of fauna balance.
459
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Taxonomic part
Australobolbus arfakianus sp. nov. (Fig. 1, plate
92 figs 1-2)
http://zoobank.org/6E8A223C-767A-46FD-
949C-A065AB75C835
Holotypus $ Naturkundennuseunn Erfurt: INDONESIA
E, W New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Arfak nnts, Syoubri
vilL, 1°06’40S, 133°54’36”E, 1510 m, edge of second¬
ary lower nnontane rainforest, 12-13. IX.2015, MV light,
leg. D.Telnov.
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. This species is
manned after Arfak Mountains, its area of occur¬
rence.
Measurennents, holotype
o
Total body length
10.5 nnnn. Flead 2.7 nnnn long, nnaxinnunn width
across genae 2.65 nnnn, pronotunn at nnidline 3.5
nnnn long, nnaxinnunn width at basal third 5.2 nnnn,
elytra 3.9 nnnn long, nnaxinnunn connbined width at
basal third 5.3 nnnn.
Colouration: Flead dorsally reddish brown on la-
brunn, clypeus and frons, black posterior to eyes.
Antennae orange with dark brown club. Mouth
parts dark red. Pronotunn black. Scutellunn black
brown. Elytra very dark brown. Legs dark reddish-
brown with paler fennora. Underside of head or¬
ange, thorax reddish to reddish-brown, abdonnen
dark brown.
Description, fennale: Flead opaque, shallowly
innpressed on frons. Labrunn 1.4 tinnes wider than
long. Anterior margin truncate, provided with long
yellowish setae. Labrum acute angulate at trans¬
verse midline, angulation less acute near lateral
margins. Surface of labrum microscopically reticu¬
late and with several short irregular longitudinal ca-
rinae derived from transversal angulation. Clypeus
with anterior edge provided with dense compara¬
tively short yellowish setae. Anterior and posterior
carinae equally developed, well-defined. Anterior
and posterior carinae merging at obtuse median
tubercle (horn). Anterior carina on each side of
tubercle arcuate. Posterior carina hardly arcuate,
ending laterally in obtuse, well-defined tubercle.
Lateral tubercles hardly less prominent than me¬
dian one. With short obsolete longitudinal median
carina arising from median horn and disappearing
approximately at position line of lateral tubercles.
Surface of clypeus coarse irregularly punctate,
intervening spaces distinctly microscopically re¬
ticulate. Frons and anterior part of vertex concave,
less coarse and more sparsely punctate and dense
microscopically reticulate. Vertex with moderately
elevated sinuate transverse carina across median
half or more between eyes. Surface before and
behind transverse carina feebly concave. Trans¬
verse carina not extending to lateral longitudinal
carinae. Gena slightly longer than wide, outer an¬
terior angle angulate, provided with little denticle.
Surface of gena coarsely punctate and microscopi¬
cally reticulate. Eyes large, finely facetted, deeply
emarginated. Pronotum dorsally moderately con¬
vex, opaque. With indented longitudinal midline in
anterior half, obsolete in basal half and only de¬
fined by narrow line of punctures reaching base of
pronotum. Parallel indentation by irregular coarse
punctures present on each side of midline in an¬
terior half of pronotum in line with inner edge of
eye. Lateral thirds of pronotum provided with dense
very coarse and large punctures. Lateral and sides
of basal margin provided with very long dense yel¬
low setae. Scutellum broad, shiny, rounded apically,
provided with dense moderate-sized punctures and
very fine intermediary microreticulation. Elytra
dorsally moderately convex, slightly shiny. Elytral
striae deep, each stria with a row of small, longi¬
tudinal punctures separated by 1-4 diameters. In-
terstrial intervals moderately convex. 11^^ and 12^^
striae closely approximate anteriorly and merging.
Epipleura provided with sparse delicate short yel¬
lowish pubescence. Legs: Protibia with 6 teeth on
outer margin. Tarsi long. Femora and tibiae pro¬
vided with extraordinary long yellow setae. Meta¬
sternum anteriorly between middle coxae wide,
0. 7-0.8 mm. Its midline impressed. In lateral view
metasternal surface highest anteriorly and medi¬
ally before middle of coxae, surface then sloping
downward to posterior face.
Dimorphism: The male is currently unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Australobolbus arfakia¬
nus sp. nov. is different from its congeners by the
Figure 1. Australobolbus arfakianus sp. nov.,
holotype $: head, dorsal view.
460
Telnov, D.: Ne\N Australobolbus H. Howden et J. Cooper, 1977 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae) ...
(plates 92-93)
combination of the following characters: anterior
and posterior carinae of clypeus equally developed,
clypeus with median tubercle (horn) at merge place
of anterior and posterior carinae, transverse carina
of vertex moderately and evenly elevated (without
higher lateral tubercles, e.g. not bituberculate),
sinuate, extending over a half or more of intraocu¬
lar distance, gena slightly longer than wide, dorsal
body colouration very dark brown to black.
Ecology: The only known specimen was attracted
at midnight to mercury vapour light set at clearing
near the edge of primary lower montane rainfor¬
ests at altitude of 1510 m (Plate 93). The specimen
came to the light during a moderate rain.
Distribution: Only known from the locus typicus,
Arfak Mountains of Doberai Peninsula, western
New Guinea.
Annotated species list of Papuan Australobolbus
H. Howden et J. Cooper, 1977
Notes: Species in the list arranged alphabetical¬
ly, since no phylogenetic arrangement has been
made. Page of description is given for each taxon
after the author and year of description.
Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802: 142
Bolboceratinae Mulsant, 1842: 347
Australobolbini Nikolajev, 1996: 96
Australobolbus H. Howden, J. Cooper, 1977: 19
Type species: Bolboceras obscurlus Blackburn, 1904,
original designation.
Australobolbus arfaklanus sp. nov.
Distribution: Indonesian New Guinea (Arfak Moun¬
tains, Doberai Peninsula of New Guinea).
Note: Known onlyfronn the holotype.
Australobolbus bacchusi H. Howden, 1990: 275
Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Central Cordillera,
Adalbert Mountains & Huon Peninsula).
Australobolbus cruclatus H. Howden, 1990: 280
Distribution: Australia (Torres Strait Islands), Papua
New Guinea (Papuan Peninsula).
Australobolbus latipennis H. Howden, 1990: 277
Distribution: Indonesian New Guinea (northern New
Guinea W of Jayapura).
Australobolbus lowerl laratinus (Arrow, 1916: 493)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland), Taninnbar Is¬
lands (Larat Island), Papua New Guinea (Transfly low¬
lands, Central Cordillera & Finisterre Mountains).
Australobolbus papuanus H. Howden, 1990: 274
Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Central Cordillera &
Huon Peninsula).
Australobolbus parvus H. Howden, 1990: 281
Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Papuan Peninsula).
Note: Known onlyfronn the holotype.
Australobolbus rotundatus (Hope, 1841: 43)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory,
Queensland), southern New Guinea (Transfly lowlands).
Australobolbus tricornis H. Howden, 1990: 278
Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Huon Peninsula).
Note: Known onlyfronn the holotype.
Identification key to Australobolbus H. Howden et
J. Cooper, 1977 species from the Papuan region
This key is adapted from H. Howden (1990),
with the addition of the new species and editorial
corrections.
1 Vertex between or behind eyes with transverse carina,
extending 1/3 or more of width of vertex and often with
tubercle at each end. Vertex shallowly concave anterior
to and sometimes posterior to carina . 2
- Vertex with a pair of small horns or large tubercles
near inner margin of eye. These horns not connected
by transverse carina. Vertex usually concave between
horns . A. papuanus
2 Clypeus with anterior and posterior carinae equally de¬
veloped or anterior carina stronger than posterior. Spe¬
cies with or without median clypeal tubercle . 3
- Clypeus with posterior carina well developed. Anterior
carina feeble or obsolete. Median tubercle (horn) ab¬
sent. Lateral tubercles absent or very poorly developed
. A. lowerl laratinus
3 Clypeus with distinct median tubercle or horn. Vertex
with transverse carina on each side ending abruptly,
usually delimited by small tubercle on each side. Labrum
without V-shaped median carina (except in A. tricornis
where V-shaped median carina present on labrum) .. 4
- Clypeus without distinct median tubercle. Vertex with
transverse carina extending most of distance between
longitudinal carina on each side above eye. Transverse
carina feebly sinuate, gradually sloping downward at
each end. Labrum with V-shaped median carina .
. A. latipennis
4 Clypeus with tubercles moderately developed. Median
tubercle (horn) connected to lateral tubercle on each
side by well-developed carina. Labrum with median ca¬
rina if present than not V-shaped . 5
- Clypeus with tubercles strongly developed. Median tu¬
bercle (horn) connected to lateral tubercle on each side
by feebly developed carina. Labrum with V-shaped me¬
dian carina . A. tricornis
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
5 Vertex with transverse carina extending % or nnore of
intraocular distance . 6
- Vertex with transverse carina short, extending less
than % of intraocular distance . A. rotundatus
6 Colour usually very dark brown. Vertex with transverse
carina nnoderately to strongly elevated, extending ap-
proxinnately of intraocular distance. Protibia with 6
denticles on outer nnargin . 7
- Colour reddish brown. Vertex with transverse carina
feebly elevated, extending approxinnately or nnore of
intraocular distance. Protibia with 7 denticles on outer
margin . A. parvus
7 Vertex with transverse carina distinctly bituberculate
- feeble medially and delimited by stronger lateral tu¬
bercle on each side . 8
- Vertex with transverse carina moderately elevated, not
delimited laterally by stronger tubercles. Clypeus with
anterior and posterior carinae merging at small median
horn. Anterior carina on each side of tubercle arcuate.
Posterior carina hardly arcuate. With short low longitudi¬
nal median carina arising from median horn and disap¬
pearing approximately at position line of lateral tuber¬
cles. Labrum with distinct long transverse carina .
. A. arfakianus sp. nov.
8 Pronotum with midline impressed but lacking parallel
line of punctures on each side in line with inner margin
of each eye . A. cruciatus
- Pronotum with midline impressed and with longitudi¬
nal line or cluster of punctures on each side of the mid¬
line, approximately in line with inner margin of each eye
. A. bacchusi
Acknowledgements
I ann grateful to Dr. Kirill V. Makarov (Moscow
Pedagogical university, Russia) for preparing habi¬
tus photographs of the new species.
References
Beehler B.M., Pratt T.K., Zimmerman D.A. 1986. Birds of
New Guinea. Handbook No. 9 of the Wau Ecoiogy
institute. Princeton University Press, New Jersey: xiii
+ 293 pp.
Gressitt J.L. 1982. General introduction: 3-13. In: Gres-
sitt J.L. (ed.) Monographiae bioiogicae 42, Bioge¬
ography and Ecoiogy of New Guinea. Dr. W. Junk /
Springer Publishers, the Hague: 983 pp.
Howden H.F. 1990. The Geotrupinae of New Guinea (Co-
leoptera: Scarabaeidae). - invertebrate Taxonomy
3: 261-289.
Howden H.F. 1992. A revision of the Australian beetle
genera Eucanthus Westwood, Boibobaineus How¬
den & Cooper, Austraioboibus Howden & Cooper
and Giiietinus Boucomont (Scarabaeidae: Geotru¬
pinae). - invertebrate Taxonomy 6: 605-717.
Howden H.F., Cooper J.B. 1977. The generic classifica¬
tion of the Bolboceratini of the Australian region,
with descriptions of four new genera (Scarabaei¬
dae: Geotrupinae). - Austraiian Journai of Zooiogy
Suppiementary Series 50: 1-50.
Howden H.F., Howden A., Holloway G. 2007. Digging
down under: Australian Bolboceratini, their habits
and a list of species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea:
Geotrupidae). - Zootaxa 1499: 47-59.
Smith A.B.T. 2006. A review of the family-group names
for the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera)
with corrections to nomenclature and a currents
classification. - Coieopterists Society Monograph
5: 144-204.
Telnov D. 2011. Taxonomische Revision der Gattung
Macratria Newman, 1838 (Coleoptera: Anthicidae:
Macratriinae) aus Wallacea, Neuguinea und den
Salomonen: 97-285, pis 17-37. In: Telnov D. (ed.)
Biodiversity Biogeography and Nature Conserva¬
tion in Waiiacea and New Guinea. Volume I. The
Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga: 434 pp -i- 92
pis.
Received: 30.12.2016.
462
Telnov, D.: Papuan Chariochilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), with description ...
(plates 94-96)
Papuan Chariochilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae:
Melolonthinae), with description of C. tamarau sp. nov.
Dmitry Telnov
Darza iela 10, Stopinu novads, LV-2130, Dzidrinas, Latvia; e-nnail: anthicus@gnnail.conn
Abstract: Papuan nnelolonthine Chariochilus tamarau sp. nov. is described and aditional description provided for C.
metallescens Brenske, 1898. The checklist and key to Chariochilus species are presented for the first tinne.
Keywords: Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Chariochilus, key to species. New Guinea, Australia.
Introduction
Chariochilus Brenske, 1898 is a snnall Melolon¬
thinae genus that includes two Papuan (including a
new species described herein) and one north Aus¬
tralian species. This genus was placed in the tribe
Melolonthini by Dalla Torre (1912). Later, Britton
(1979) established new synonynny: Chariochilus
Brenske = Lepidostethaspis Arrow and Chariochilus
costipennis Moser, 1908 = Lepidostethaspis squa-
mosus (Lea, 1919), and nnoved this genus to the
Xylonychini. Snnith (2006) synonynnised Xylonichini
Britton, 1957 with Stethaspini Burnneister, 1855,
where Chariochiius rennained just for a few years
until priority of Colynnbonnorphini over Xylonichini
was claimed (e.g. Lawrence & Slipihski 2013; Gunt¬
er et al. 2016).
Chariochiius metaiiescens has been originally
described from a pair of specimens from Roon Is¬
land located offshore Wandammen Peninsula in
western New Guinea. This species has not been re¬
ported since its original description and its distribu¬
tion range and population trend remains unclear.
Another Papuan species of Chariochiius discovered
in Tamarau Mountains of Doberai Peninsula (west¬
ern New Guinea) in 2012.
Chariochiius species inhabit rainforests. Re¬
cent New Guinea record is from lower montane
rainforest at an altitude of about 1050 m.
The following combination of traits distinguish¬
es Chariochiius from similar genera: mesosternal
process elongate, rounded anteriorly, protruding
forwards up to or over the anterior faces of the
procoxae, antennal clubs 3- (in females) or 4- (in
males) lamellate, terminal tarsomeres notspinose,
labrum with distinct median excavation on anterior
margin, protibiae bidentate on outer margin.
Taxonomic part
Chariochilus metallescens Brenske, 1898 (Fig. 1,
plate 94 figs 1-4)
Syntypes 16' & 1$ Naturkundemuseum Berlin: Roon
[printed] / Coll. Brenske [printed] / Chariochilus nnet-
allescens type ... [handwritten, text partly unreadable].
Redescription: Generally agrees with the original
description. Male aedeagus as in Fig. 1, parameres
widened in lateral view. Photographs of this species
presented here for the first time.
Sexual dimorphism: Female antennal club
is 3-lamellate according the original description
(Brenske 1898).
Distribution: Roon Island offshore Wandammen
Peninsula, Bird’s Neck Isthmus, western New Guin¬
ea.
Chariochiius tamarau sp. nov. (Figs 2-6, plate 95
fig 1, plate 96 figs 1-2)
htt d: //zoo ba nk.org/C69 C 17 A7-B9FE-4401-
8851-1D1B3C48997E
Holotype (6 Naturkundennuseunn Erfurt: INDONE¬
SIA E, West Papua, Tannarau nnts, ~12 knn NW Fef vill.
00°46’05”S, 132°19’06”E, 1050 m, 12-13.11.2012,
prinnary lower nnontane rainforest, MV light, leg. D. Tel¬
nov.
Pa raty pe 1(6 collection Dnnitry Telnov, Riga: sanne label
as in holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species
named after Tamarau Mountains, its area of occur¬
rence.
Coloration: The forebody inclusive scutellum is
pale coppery with metallic reflection, the elytra are
reddish brown. Palps and antennomeres 1-4 (in fe¬
males) or 5 (in males) are orange-brown, scape of
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
antennae brown. Legs are reddish-brown to brown,
protibiae coppery with nnetallic reflection. The un¬
derside is reddish brown in the anterior half, the
abdonnen is brown.
Measurennents, holotype: Total body length 19.8
mnn. Head 3.5 nnnn long, nnaxinnunn width across
eyes 4.2 nnnn, pronotunn at nnidline 3.8 nnnn long,
nnaxinnunn width postnnediunn 7.1 nnnn, elytra 12.5
nnnn long, nnaxinnunn connbined nnedian width 0.93
nnnn.
Description: The head is snnooth and glossy
dorsally, slightly convex on clypeus. The labrunn is
5 tinnes wider than its length, with deep and broad
nnedian excavation on anterior nnargin, covered by
coarse flat irregular punctures. The labrunn is not
pubescent. The anterior nnargin of the clypeus is
truncate. The frontoclypeal suture is V-shaped. The
intraocular distance is nnore than 2 tinnes wider
than eye length. The head dorsunn is densely and
large punctate, intervening spaces are nnostly
snnaller than punctures, with very delicate nnicro-
scopically striate. The anterior nnargin of the clyp¬
eus rugulose is punctate. A white to pale yellowish
narrowly elongate suberect scale-like seta arises
fronn each puncture. Very sparse longer erect yel¬
low setae are scattered over surface of head. Club
of nnale antenna is 4-segnnented (Fig. 2). The scape
is the longest annong all antennonneres, widened
distally. 5^^ antennonnere provided with long den¬
ticle, about 3-4 tinnes wider (inclusive denticle)
than its length. The pronotunn is hardly convex
dorsally, snnooth and glossy, ainnost twice wider
than its length. Anterior angles are distinctly an-
gulate. Basal angles are broadly rounded. Lateral
nnargin is rounded, ennarginate. Basal nnargin has
broad obtuse nnedian protruding against scutel-
lunn. Dorsunn of the pronotunn is densely and large
punctate. Punctures are denser and coarser along
the nnidline and beconne sparser laterally. Interven¬
ing spaces are very delicate nnicroscopically stri¬
ate, either equal to puncture dianneters or several
tinnes larger than the punctures. A white narrowly
elongate sub-erect scale-like seta arises fronn each
puncture. Lateral nnargin presented with seven long
erect yellow setae. Very sparse long erect yellow se¬
tae are scattered over surface of the pronotunn. The
scutellunn is broadly triangular, snnooth and glossy,
with sparse punctures and scale-like setation sinni-
lar to the pronotunn. Dorsally, the elytra are nnod-
erately convex, snnooth and glossy. Onnoplates are
nnoderately convex. Each elytron hardly innpressed
in apical fourth, the suture is slightly elevated over
the elytral surface in this area. Each elytron has
14 very flat longitudinal striae exhibiting dense ir¬
regular punctures; of thenn 10 striae between the
suture and shoulder. Interstrial intervals are weakly
convex, presented with sparse punctures. The ely¬
tra are covered with dense white narrowly elongate
(pointed) suberect scale-like setae. Therefore, the
elytral pattern is longitudinally striate because ely¬
tral disc scales are sparser at interstrial intervals.
There are several very sparse and scattered large
and flat punctures all over the elytral disc, each
having long erect yellow seta (Fig. 3). There are 9
such punctures and setae in the 1®^ striae. Legs:
Protibia are comparatively short, bidentate on the
outer margin. Metatarsi are long. Basal metatarso-
mere in males is 1.1-1.2 times longer than the lon¬
gest spur of the metatibia. All femora and tibiae are
covered with white scale-like setae of variable den¬
sity, these setae are somewhat narrower and longer
than those found on the dorsum. Meso- and meta¬
tarsi are also (although very sparsely) setose. The
femora and tibiae are additionally presented with
long yellow setae. The mesosternal process is
elongate, rounded and somewhat widened anteri¬
orly, protruding forwards up to or over the anterior
faces of the procoxae, smooth and not pubescent
(Fig. 6). Scale-like setation is especially dense on
lateral parts of the sternites. The pygidium is rugu¬
lose punctured, broadly rounded on apical margin
and exhibiting several extraordinary long yellow se-
Figure 1. Chariochilus metallescens Brenske, 1898 syn-
type 6', aedeagus, lateral view (photo: C.-L. Li, 2017).
464
Telnov, D.: Papuan Chariochilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), with description ...
(plates 94-96)
tae, provided with obtuse nnedian carina not reach¬
ing apical third. Male aedeagus as on figs 4-5.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale is unknown.
Differential diagnosis: Chariochilus metalles-
cens is very close nnorphologically to the new spe¬
cies but nnale aedeagus is different, paranneres
strongly widened distally (consider Fig. 1).
Ecology: Specinnens were attracted to nnercury va¬
pour light set at the edge of a prinnary lower nnon-
tane rainforest (about 1050 nn). The beetles flew
to the light at nnidnight in drizzle conditions and at
tennperature about 15-18°C.
Distribution: Tannarau (= Tannrau) Mountains of
Doberai Peninsula, western New Guinea.
Annotated list of Chariochilus Brenske, 1898
Species are arranged alphabetically in the list,
since phylogenetic relationships remain unknown.
A page number with where original description in¬
dicated for each taxon after the year of description.
Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802: 144
Melolonthinae Leach in Sannouelle, 1819: 189
Colynnbonnorphini Blanchard, 1850: 97
Chariochilus Brenske, 1898: 237
Type species: Chariochilus metallescens Brenske, 1898,
by nnonotypy.
= Lepidostethaspis Arrow, 1924: 547
Type species: Stethaspis squamosus Lea, 1919, by
nnonotypy.
Figures 2-5. Chariochilus tamarau sp. nov.,
holotype 6'. 2 - Elytral setation; 3 - Right
antenna, dorsal view; 4 - Aedeagus, lateral
view; 5 - ditto, ventral view.
465
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Cariochilus costipennis Moser, 1908: 358
= Stethaspis squamosus Lea, 1919: 192
Distribution: Australia (Queensland).
Chariochilus metallescens Brenske, 1898: 237
Distribution: Indonesian New Guinea (Roon Island at
Wandannnnen Peninsula, Bird’s Neck Isthnnus).
Chariochilus tamarau sp. nov.
Distribution: Indonesian New Guinea (Doberai Penin¬
sula).
Identification key to Chariochilus Brenske, 1898
1 The pronotunn evenly covered with unifornn white
scales, without snnooth nnedian line, elytral striae flat
(shallow), their punctures sparse, interstrial intervals of
elytra weakly convex, the underside pale brown with in¬
conspicuous nnetallic reflection . 2
- Lateral nnargins of the pronotunn are covered with yel¬
lowish scales, nnedian longitudinal line is free of scales,
snnooth, elytral striae are rather deep, their punctures
dense, interstrial intervals of the elytra are strongly con¬
vex, the underside with dark nnetallic reflection .
. C. costipennis
2 Aedeagus as in Fig. 1, parameres widened in lateral
view . C. metallescens
- Aedeagus as in Fig. 4, parameres not widened in lat¬
eral view . C. tamarau sp. nov.
Acknowledgements
I ann grateful to Dr. Kirill V. Makarov (Moscow
Pedagogical University, Russia) for preparing habi¬
tus photograph of the new species. For valuable
connnnents and assistance in preparing the final
version of this manuscript, I sincerely thank my
dear friends Dr. Sergejs Berdnikovs (Northwestern
University, Chicago, U.S.A.) and Darren J. Mann (Ox¬
ford University Museum of Natural History, U.K.).
Dr. Chun-Lin Li (The Experimental Forest, Na¬
tional Taiwan University, Chu Shan) is thanked for
providing valuable information and photographs of
type specimens of Chariochilus metallescens.
References
Arrow G.J. 1924. On the Stethaspis group of Melolonthid
Coleoptera. - Annals and Magazine of Natural His¬
tory 9, No 13: 546-553.
Brenske E. 1898. Einige neue Melolonthiden. - Stettiner
Entomologische Zeitung 59: 236-248.
Britton E.B. 1979. New Australian Melolonthinae (Cole¬
optera: Scarabaeidae). - Journal of the Australian
Entomological Society 18: 193-197.
Dalla Torre K.W., von 1912. Pars 49: Scarabaeidae:
Melolonthinae III. In: Junk W., Schenkling S. (eds)
Coleopterorum Catalogue. W. Junk, Berlin: 135-
290.
Gunter N.L., Weir T.A., Slipinksi A., Bocak L. Cameron
S.L. 2016. If dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scara-
baeinae) arose in association with dinosaurs, did
they also suffer a mass co-extinction at the K-Pg
boundary? - PLoS ONE 11, No 5: e0153570.
doi:10.1371/Journal.pone.0153570.
Lawrence J.F., Slipihski A. 2013. Australian Beetles.
Morphology Classification and Keys. Volume 1.
CSIRC Publishing, Collingwood: 561 pp.
Smith A.B.T. 2006. A review of the family-group names
for the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera)
with corrections to nomenclature and a currents
classification. - Coleopterists Society Monograph
5: 144-204.
Received: 30.12.2016.
Figure 6. Chariochilus tamarau sp. nov., holotype 6',
head and thorax in ventral view.
466
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
New records and new species of Macratriinae from
the Papuan Region (Coieoptera: Anthicidae), 2
Dmitry Telnov
Darza iela 10, Stopinu novads, LV-2130, Dzidrinas, Latvia; e-mail: anthicus@gmail.com
Abstract: Descriptions of eight species of Macratria Newnnan, 1838 new to science are given, nannely M. ayamaru
sp. nov., M. berdnikovi sp. nov., M. citak sp. nov., M. eparaksts sp. nov., M. marind sp. nov., M. patani sp. nov., M.
obiensis sp. nov., and M. sahu sp. nov. One new synonynn is proposed: Macratria subguttata Pascoe, 1860 = M.
giloloana Channpion, 1916 syn. nov. Additional infornnation on distribution, ecology and behaviour of several known
species is given. Updated biogeograph leal data on Macratriinae of the Papuan Region and Wallacea zone are pre¬
sented. Provisional areas of Anthicidae endennisnn are defined for Wallacea and the Papuan Region.
Keywords: Macratria, Papuan Region, Wallacea, taxononny, biogeography, areas of endennisnn, behaviour, ecology.
Introduction
The Indo-Australian transitional zone region
(Wallacea and the Papuan Region) is extraordinary
rich for Macratriinae. Previously 120 species have
been recorded from this region (Telnov 2011a,
2012), of which 118 are believed endemic spe¬
cies and only two are shared with neighbouring is¬
lands of the Oriental Region. Of them, 108 species
of Macratria Newman, 1838 were described from
this region very recently (Telnov 2011a, 2012). This
work is based largely on recent Macratria material
from North Moluccas and New Guinea received in
2015-2016.
The following eight new species from North
Moluccas and Indonesian New Guinea are de¬
scribed and illustrated: Macratria ayamaru sp. nov.
(Doberai Peninsula), M. berdnikovi sp. nov., M. pa¬
tani sp. nov. (both from SE Halmahera), M. citak sp.
nov., M. eparaksts sp. nov., M. marind sp. nov. (all
from South New Guinea), M. obiensis sp. nov. (Obi
Islands), and M. sahu sp. nov. (NW Halmahera).
One new synonym is proposed. New records from
the region of the Indo-Australian transition zone are
given for eight species. An attempt is made to de¬
fine provisional areas of endemism for the Papuan
and Wallacean Anthicidae on base of earlier works
by the author.
Materials and methods
All species are listed alphabetically as a phy¬
logenetic arrangement is not yet possible. For type
specimens all label text is reproduced exactly, with
no corrections or additions. All labels are printed.
Each specimen is supplemented with additional
label “MACRATRIA [species name, author, year or
“sp. nov.” respectively] det. D.Telnov, [year]. Type
specimens of new species are also provided with
an additional label on red paper “HOLOTYPUS”
or “PARATYPUS”, respectively. Holotypes of newly
described species are placed in the collection of
Naturkundemuseum Erfurt.
The specimens under study are all mounted on
paper cards. When available, at least 3 males and
3 females from each locality were dissected and
their genital organs were investigated. Within large
series of specimens, merely random dissection has
been performed. Genital organs were mounted on
microscopic slides and fixed in Apathy’s gum-syrup
to make the objects permanent. For morphological
studies, a Leica S6D binocular stereomicroscope
with attached external Canon EOS 450D SLR cam¬
era was used. Genital organs were studied and
photographed using a Meji optical microscope with
attached external digital camera for imaging. Com-
bineZP software was used for image stacking. Last
visible ventrites (largest terminal sternite and ter-
gite) discussed by each species’ description are the
morphological sternite & tergite VII.
The “Papuan Region” is a zoogeographic term
used in the sense of Gressitt (1982), Beehler et al.
(1986), Riedel (2002), and Telnov (2011a). This
area is defined as the Sahul continental shelf is¬
lands with the Pacific Ocean north and east of New
467
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Guinea and Torres Strait south of it. In the west,
chains of Moluccan Islands (North, Central and
South Moluccas) with high percentage of Papuan
fauna elennents also considered part of the Papuan
Region with Weber’s Line used as western bound¬
ary of the region as a line of fauna balance. In par¬
allel, these islands are also a part of Wallacea.
The nnaps are prepared using ArcGIS 9.0 soft¬
ware.
Abbreviations used in the text:
NME - Naturkundennuseunn Erfurt, Gernnany;
DTC - Collection Dnnitry Telnov, Riga, Latvia;
vill. - village.
Taxonomic part
Macratria capreolus Telnov, 2011
New records: 446'$ DTC & NME: INDONESIA E,
North Moluccas, Hainnahera N, Galela area, river Ko-
kopola at the bridge, 1°54’20”N, 127°49’4rE, 15 m,
01.VII.2013, lowland river, leg. D.Telnov; 22(6$ DTC &
NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas, central Hainnahera,
river between lake Sagea and Gennaf vill., 0°28’37”N,
128°03’11”E, 15 m, lowland river, 07.VII.2013, leg.
D.Telnov; 1$ & 1(6 DTC: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas,
Obi Islands, Obira Is., W part, Kawasi vill. 5-6 knn SE, North
of Akelamo river mouth, l°35’5rs, 127°25’04”E,
15. XII.2013, gardens, secondary lowland rainforest &
swamp, leg. LWagner; 24 (6$ DTC & NME: INDONESIA E,
North Moluccas, Obi Islands, Obira Is., S part, Wayaloar
vill. NE ~4 km, l°41’0rS, 127°36’13”E, 16.XII.2013,
rainforest stream bank, on low strata vegetation, leg.
LWagner; 6(6$ DTC & NME: INDONESIA E, North Mo¬
luccas, Obi Islands, Obira Is., S part, Wayaloar vill. W,
Wayaloar River, 1°42’42”S, 127°37’0rE, 17.XII.2013,
riverine lowland rainforest, leg. L.Wagner; 20(6$ DTC
& NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas, central Halma-
hera, creek NE Kobe vill., 0°28’4rN, 127°53’53”E, 10
m, creek, 07.VII.2013, leg. D.Telnov; 5(6 & 1$ DTC: IN¬
DONESIA E, North Moluccas, Halmahera SE, Patani W,
Sibenpopovill. E, 0°20’3rN, 128°32’02”E, 15 m,sago
swamp & stream, 10.VII.2013, leg. D.Telnov; 6(6 DTC: IN¬
DONESIA E, North Moluccas, Halmahera NW, River Alee
Diri near Jailolo, 01°06’28”N, 127°28’49”E, 15-17 m,
16. VII.2013, lowland river, leg. L.Wagner.
Note: Specinnens fronn the Obi Islands are all nniss-
ing the transverse band of white setae. In the Obi
Islands specinnen’s elytra are covered with pale yel¬
low, dense pubescence; the pubescence not get¬
ting denser postbasally and not building a setal
band.
Ecology: Specinnens were observed on low and
nnediunn strata vegetation (up to 2 nn height) on
the upperside and underside of leaves of Piper sp.,
Saccharum sp. (Fig. 48) and various young trees
and bushes. Specinnens were recorded fronn near
water (riverbank in Galela and in central Hainna¬
hera near Gennaf, creek near Kobe vill. and at Si-
benpopo vill., roadside near Sagea saline lake) or
on a distance fronn it. Specinnens were observed at
nnidday in open sun in open or closed habitats. This
species is reported at low altitudes fronn sea level
up to 50 nn.
Behaviour: It appears to be a very agile species,
running quickly and flying actively fronn leaf to leaf
when disturbed. When not disturbed, specinnens
were observed nnotionless or walking slowly and
quickly nnove their palpi - “sniffing” the surface.
Distribution: These records are the first records
since the original species description. This species
was previously not recorded fronn Obi Islands, but
is now distributed all over North Moluccas (Map 2:
ennpty circles).
Macratria grekei Telnov, 2011
New records: 4(6$ DTC: INDONESIA, Papua, North As-
mat area, 5°20’39”S, 139°21‘18“E, left bank of River
Eilanden S of Siret and Brazza river junction (left river-
bank), XII. 2015, leg. L.Wagner.
Ecology: Specinnens were sannpled fronn Saccha¬
rum sp. riverside vegetation in open conditions (riv¬
erside) in open sun at hot nnidday tinne.
Distribution: This species inhabits vast areas in
the South and West of New Guinea (Map 3: filled
circles).
Macratria hatamensis Telnov, 2011
New records:28(6$ DTC & NME: INDONESIA E,W New
Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Arfak mts, Anggi Gigi Lake S
env., Uper vill. 2-2,5 km NNE, 1°17’10”S, 133°54’18”E,
09.IX.2015, 1900-2480 m, primary mid montane rain¬
forest, leg. D.Telnov; 60(6$ DTC & NME: INDONESIA E,
W New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Arfak mts, montane
ridge between lake Gita & Gigi (Anggi Lakes), 1°23’33”S,
133°55’02”E (2360 m) via 1°22’40”S, 133°55’56”E
(2280 m) to Pamaha vill. 1°23’14S, 133°55’irE
(1960 m), 10.IX.2015, 2200 m, primary mid montane
rainforest & subalpine vegetation, leg. D.Telnov.
Note: Fennales of this species are either entirely
brown as the paratype (see Telnov 2011a) or with
black-brown fore-body.
Ecology: This species occurs in nnid-nnontane rain¬
forests and is presently known fronn altitudes dia¬
pason 1900-2480 nn. Specinnens were observed in
very dannp cloud conditions on low strata vegeta¬
tion (up to 1.5 nn height) in shady or dark condi-
468
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
tions. Specinnens were observed both in very dark
closed-canopy prinnary rainforest as well as in the
partially open zone of low trees on nnontane ridges
(Figs 46-47).
Behaviour: Specinnens are slow and not agile even
at nnidday (nnidday tennperatures at places of ob¬
servation about 22-25 °C, nnidnight tennperatures
5-10 °C). Beetles sat nnotionless on the upper sides
of leaves when not disturbed. When disturbed they
did not fly away like other previously observed con¬
geners, but fell down to the ground instead. When
falling, the beetle bends its head and pronotunn for¬
ward ainnost perpendicular to the body) and folds
its legs. While on the ground, they rennain nnotion¬
less for sonne tinne. This kind of behaviour is very
peculiar and has not been reported for any other
Macratria. I consider it adaptive to the specific
(cool) clinnate of nnid-nnontane rainforests.
Distribution: These are the first records since the
original species description. This species appears
to be linnited to the Arfak Mountains of New Guin¬
ea’s Doberai Peninsula (Map 1: ennpty circles).
Macratria pygmaea halmaherica Telnov, 2011
New records: 146'$ DTC & NME: INDONESIA E,
North Moluccas, Hainnahera N, Galela area, river Ko-
kopola at the bridge, 1°54’20”N, 127°49’4rE, 15 m,
01.VII.2013, lowland river, leg. D.Telnov; 5(6 DTC: INDO¬
NESIA E, North Moluccas, central Hainnahera, lake Sa-
gea near Sagea vilL, 0°28’43”N, 128°04’3rE, 5 m,
07.VII.2013, roadside vegetation, leg. D.Telnov.
Ecology: Specinnens were observed on low and
nnediunn strata vegetation (up to 2 nn height) on the
upperside and underside of Saccharum sp. (Fig.
48) leaves. Specinnens were recorded fronn near
water (riverbank in Galela). Specinnens were ob¬
served during the hot nnidday in the open sun (Fig.
51). This species is reported fronn low altitudes up
to 150 nn.
Behaviour: Agile species, walking quickly and fly¬
ing actively fronn leaf to leaf when disturbed. When
not disturbed, specinnens rennained nnotionless.
Distribution: These are the first records since the
original species description (Map 3: ennpty circles).
Macratria riparia Telnov, 2012
Ecology: Telnov (2012: 438) provided ecological
infornnation on this species but its connection with
any particular plant species rennained unknown un¬
til now. Cryptocoryne ciliata (Roxb.) Schott is identi¬
fied as a plant on which leaves adults of M. riparia
are so abundant.
Macratria ronaidi Telnov, 2011
New records: 1(6 DTC: INDONESIA, Papua, Ko-
rowai area, Yanirunna env., 5°24‘53“S, 139°49’01”E,
25.VI.2016, nnuddy riverside, on Metroxylon sagu, leg.
L. Wagner.
Ecology: A specinnen was sannpled fronn a Sago
Pa Inn leaf.
Distribution: This represents the first record
since the original species description. This spe¬
cies seenns to inhabit vast areas in the South of
New Guinea fronn Bird’s Neck isthnnus in the West
toward at least Korowai area in the East (Map 5:
ennpty circle).
Macratria rotundiceps Telnov, 2011
New records: 1(6 & 1$ DTC: INDONESIA E, W New
Guinea, Doberai Peninsula, Arfak nnts, Syoubri vill.,
1°07’16S, 133°54’34”E, 1570-2100 m, primary lower
montane rainforest, 11-12. IX.2015, leg. D.Telnov.
Ecology: Specinnens were observed on low strata
vegetation (about 1.5 nn height) in a closed cano¬
py prinnary nnid-nnontane rainforest. Both sannpled
specinnens were observed on the sanne leaf of a
young tree (Fig. 49).
Distribution: This is the first record since the orig¬
inal species description. This species appears to be
linnited to the Arfak Mountains of New Guinea’s Do¬
berai Peninsula (Map 1: filled circles).
Macratria subguttata Pascoe, 1860
= Macratria giioioana Channpion, 1916 syn.
nov.
New records: 1(6 & 1$ DTC: INDONESIA E, North Mo¬
luccas, Tidore Is., caldera of Sabale volcano, 0°43’18”N,
127°26’04”E, -400-410 m, 29.VI.2013, secondary low¬
land rainforest, low strata vegetation [Taro plant], leg.
D.Telnov; 10(6$ DTC & NME: INDONESIA E, North Mo¬
luccas, Halmahera N, Galela area, river Kokopola at the
bridge, 1°54’20”N, 127°49’4rE, 15 m, 01.VII.2013,
lowland river, leg. D.Telnov; 36 (6$ DTC & NME: INDONE¬
SIA E, North Moluccas, Halmahera N, Galela area. Lake
Makete at Makete vill., 1°50’17”N, 127°48’32”E, 20
m, 01.VII.2013, lakeside, on Alocasia macrorrhizos, leg.
D.Telnov; 4(6$ DTS & NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluc¬
cas, central Halmahera, river between lake Sagea and
Gemaf vill., 0°28’37”N, 128°03’H”E, 15 m, lowland
river, 07.VII.2013, leg. D.Telnov; 8(6$ DTC: INDONESIA E,
North Moluccas, central Halmahera, creek NE Kobe vill.,
0°28’4rN, 127°53’53”E, 10 m, creek, 07.VII.2013,
leg. D.Telnov; 11(6$ DTC: INDONESIA E, North Moluc¬
cas, Halmahera SE, Patani W, between the jetty & Pa-
tani, 0°18’10”N, 128°39’38”E, 15-50 m, secondary
lowland rainforest, 10.VII.2013, leg. D.Telnov; 19(6$
DTC & NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas, Halmahera
NW, distr. Gamlamo, subdistr. Sahu Timur, 1°07’54”N,
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
127°28’26”E, 15-20 m, 16.VII.2013, lowland swamp,
leg. L. Wagner; 66' DTC: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas,
Halmahera NW, River Alee Diri near Jailolo, 01°06’28”N,
127°28’49”E, 15-17 m, 16.VII.2013, lowland river, leg.
L. Wagner.
New synonynn: Macratria giloloana Channpion,
1916 (Hainnahera Island) was placed as junior
synonynn of M. coniceps Pic, 1901 (Aru Islands)
by Telnov (2011a: 128) prinnarily because of the
head being slightly constricted in the holotype {3)
of M. giloloana nnaking the head outline sinnilar to
that of M. coniceps. Later one was described fronn
5 fennale specinnens. After exannining large series
of specinnens fronn W and N Hainnahera and Tidore
and connparing thenn with M. subguttata Pascoe
(Bacan, Hainnahera, Ternate) I canne to the conclu¬
sion that the nnale characters of these specinnens
are identical with those of the holotype of M. gilo¬
loana, and the head posterior to eyes is inconspicu¬
ously constricted in sonne specinnens and rounded
in nnost specinnens. Therefore, I conclude all these
specinnens are conspecific.
Morphology: The apices of the antlers-like ap¬
pendages therefore look obtusely bilobate (Fig. 1)
[not visible on figures 74 & 447 in Telnov (2011a)].
The antlers-like appendages bear a group of 2-3
delicate, extraordinary long setae arising fronn near
the place of the protruding insertion.
Ecology: Specinnens were observed on low and
nnediunn strata vegetation (up to 2 nn height) on the
upperside (rarely also on the underside) of leaves
of various young trees, Saccharum sp. and on Gi¬
ant Taro {Alocasia macrorrhizos) and other Taro
Figure 1. Macratria subguttata Pascoe, 1860, (6 from
Sabale caldera, Tidore Island: distal part of last visible
stern ite in ventral view. Note the bilobate apices of the
appendages (Important! Pubescence of the appendages
is removed on this photograph to ensure better view).
(Figs 48, 50, 52). Specinnens were recorded fronn
near water (lakeside and riverbank in Galela and in
central Hainnahera near Gennaf, a lowland swannp
in Sahu Tinnur, Hainnahera; streann in caldera on
Tidore). Specinnens were observed at hot nnidday,
both in disturbed and senni-open habitats (lakeside,
riverbank, swannp) and in closed canopy habitats
(old secondary lowland rainforest). This species is
reported at altitudes fronn sea level up to 410 nn.
Behaviour: A very agile species, running quickly
and flying actively fronn leaf to leaf when disturbed.
When not disturbed, specinnens were observed nno-
tionless or walking slowly and quickly nnoving their
palpi - “sniffing” the surface.
Distribution: This is a widespread species across
North Moluccas, not recorded on Obi Islands (Map
3: filled circles).
Distribution & note M. coniceps: This species
rennains known only fronn the Aru Islands (Tanahbe-
sar Island, exact locality unknown) and nnale char¬
acters of this species are unknown.
Descriptions of new taxa
Macratria ayamaru sp. nov. (Figs 2-5, plate 97 figs
1-2, nnap 6: rhonnboid)
httD://zoobank.org/0E384018-D116-4642-
8D43-5C08B018862A
Holotype (6 NME: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea, Do-
berai Peninsula, Ayamaru vill. 2, 5-2,1 km NW, forest &
Framu creek, 1°15’30S, 132°11’13”E, -310-265 m,
02.IX.2015, primary semidry lowland rainforest on lime¬
stone, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retype 1(6 DTC: same label as in holotype.
This species belongs to the M. beccarll species-
group (see Telnov 2011a for group definition).
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. This species is
panned after the Ayannaru area of the Doberai Pen¬
insula, New Guinea. Noun in apposition, invariable.
Measurennents: Holotype nnale, total body length
5.24 nnnn, nnaxinnunn connbined width across base
of elytra 1.2 nnnn; head (neck excluded) 0.9 nnnn
long, across eyes 0.8 nnnn broad, pronotunn 1.35
nnnn long, nnaxinnunn width 0.8 5 nnnn, elytra 2.9 nnnn
long, across base 1.2 nnnn wide. Paratype nnale: to¬
tal body length 5.1 nnnn, across base 1.25 nnnn wide;
head 0.9 nnnn long, across eyes 0.75 nnnn broad,
pronotunn 1.3 nnnn long, nnaxinnunn width 0.9 nnnn,
elytra 2.9 nnnn long, across base 1.25 nnnn wide.
Description: Fore-body dorsally black or black-
brown, elytra brown. Head reddish prior to eyes with
yellow mouthparts. Antennonneres 1-8 yellow, 9-11
black. Pronotunn and elytra with inconspicuous
470
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
blue nnetallic lustre. Pro- and nnedian legs yellow to
yellowish brown, hind legs brown with nnetafennora
paler. Underside brown to dark brown. Head rhonn-
boid, snnooth and shiny dorsally, with very large and
pronninent eyes covering 2/3 of head sides. Tennpo-
ra converging toward narrow and broadly nnedially
notched base. Frons broad, in both sexes distinctly
broader than connbined length of two basal anten-
nonneres. Punctures nninute and dense, interven¬
ing spaces mostly smaller than punctures. Under¬
side of head smooth and shiny, with very delicate
punctures. Pubescence yellowish, very delicate and
sparse, subdecumbent. Antennae with three termi¬
nal antennomeres strongly enlarged, reaching base
of elytra. Basal antennomere cylindrical. Third an-
tennomere 1/3 longer than second antennomere.
Antennomeres 3-7 elongate and not thickened
distally. Antennomere 8 short and widened distally
but longer than broad. Antennomeres 9-11 in male
strongly enlarged and elongate (antennomeres
9-11 are longer than items 1-8 combined). Termi¬
nal antennomere 1/5 longer than penultimate one.
Terminal maxillary palpomere cultriform. Prono-
tum broadly cylindrical, glossy and shiny, expand¬
ed laterally across the middle. Punctures stronger
and larger than on head but very flat, intervening
spaces as wide as or smaller than punctures. Pu¬
bescence golden, long but sparse, appressed.
Basal groove without dense whitish pubescence.
Scutellum small, truncate apically. Elytra rather
broad, slightly narrowed toward apices. Punctures
large but flat, arranged into 6 poorly delimited rows
on each elytron (by dorsal view). Punctures getting
much more flat and more delicate in apical third.
Pubescence yellowish, fine and long, rather dense,
appressed, directed in part slightly obliquely. Hind
wings fully developed. Legs stout, densely setose.
Pro- and mesotarsi distinctly thickened in both
sexes. Basal metatarsomere in males longer than
combined length of metatarsomeres 2-4. Last vis¬
ible ventrites are not extending beyond elytral api¬
ces. Male morphological tergite VII very broadly
rounded apically (Fig. 2). Male morphological ster-
nite VII with broad median excavation provided with
two enlarged, scale-like setae on each side of the
excavation (Fig. 3). Aedeagus with distally widened
somewhat spatulate parameres (Figs 4-5).
Sexual dimorphism: The female is unknown.
Ecologv: Specimens were sampled from low strata
Figures 2-5. Macratria aya-
maru sp. nov., holotype 6': 2
- Morphological tergite VII;
3 - Morphological sternite
VII; 4-5 - Aedeagus.
471
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
vegetation on the edge of a sennidry lowland rainfor¬
est on linnestone, during the very hot nnidday tinne.
Differential diagnosis: Annong its congeners
this species is prinnarily distinctive due to the conn-
bination of the following characters: antennonneres
7-8 longer than broad and not flattened, elytral pu¬
bescence in part directed obliquely laterally, nnale
morphological sternite VII with broad apical excava¬
tion provided with two scale-like setae on each side
of median excavation.
Distribution: Southern lowlands of Doberai Pen¬
insula, Indonesian New Guinea.
Macratria berdnikovi sp. nov. (Figs 6-9, plate 97
figs 3-4, map 4: filled circle)
httD://zoobank.org/2DlEC0E4-6 7 0F-4736-
BB4A-8D0B2B454B5B
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas,
Hainnahera SE, Patani W, between the jetty & Patani,
0°18’10”N, 128°39’38”E, 15-50 m, 10.VII.2013, sec¬
ondary lowland rainforest, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retype 16' DTC: sanne label as in holotype.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. This species is
named in honor of Dr. Sergejs Berdnikovs, North¬
western University (Chicago, U.S.A.), professor and
my good friend.
Measurements: Flolotype male, total body length
3.5 mm, maximum combined width across base
of elytra 0.8 mm; head 0.75 mm long, across eyes
0.6 mm broad, pronotum 0.85 mm long, maximum
width 0.55 mm, elytra 1.9 mm long, across base
0.8 mm wide.
Description: Flead yellow on mouthparts, orange
from clypeusto eye midflight, black in posterior half.
Antennae yellow with three terminal antennomeres
yellowish brown. Pronotum and elytra uniformly
black. Front legs yellow, profemora with small tri¬
angular brown predistal spot and base of protibi¬
ae shortly brown, procoxae reddish. Median legs
with reddish coxae, mesofemora yellow with distal
third dark brown (leaving extreme apices narrowly
yellow), mesotibiae black to black-brown but dis-
tally narrowly reddish, mesotarsi yellow. Flind legs
inclusive coxae black, metafemora with extreme
apices narrowly yellow, basal metatarsomere dark
reddish brown, remaining metatarsomeres yellow.
Underside of head and thorax reddish, abdomen
dark brown to black. Flead ovoid, smooth dorsally,
with very large and strongly prominent eyes cover¬
ing whole sides of head. Flead base rounded, not
notched. Frons narrow, in male narrower than com¬
bined length of two basal antennomeres. Punc¬
tures minute, rather dense, intervening spaces
generally larger than punctures. Underside of head
smooth and shiny, minutely punctured. Pubes¬
cence yellowish, dense, oppressed. Antennae slen¬
der, in male reaching basal third of elytra. Basal
antennomere cylindrical. Third antennomere hardly
longer than second antennomere. Antennomeres
3-8 elongate and slender, hardly thickened distally.
Antennomeres 9-10 stouter but not longer than
antennomeres 3-8. Terminal antennomere in male
elongate, twice longer than the penultimate anten¬
nomere. Terminal maxillary palpomere cultriform.
Pronotum cylindrical, flattened and shiny dorsal¬
ly. Punctures large and dense but flat, intervening
spaces microreticulate, smaller than punctures.
Pubescence greyish to whitish, long and dense,
appressed. Area adjacent to the basal groove with
dense whitish pubescence. Scutellum small, trun¬
cate a pi cal ly. Elytra shiny dorsally, laterally almost
parallel. Dorsal surface densely and coarsely punc¬
tate in basal half but getting more delicate and
flat in apical half. Pubescence greyish to yellowish,
rather long and dense, appressed. Broad trans¬
verse band of white hairs in basal third, narrowly
interrupted on suture. Flind wings fully developed.
Legs stout, tibiae densely setose. Protibiae rather
short and stout. Pro- and mesotarsi distinctly thick¬
ened in male. Spurs of metatibiae long and stout.
Male basal metatarsomere longer than combined
length of metatarsomeres 2-4. Apices of last vis¬
ible ventrites not extending beyond elytral apices.
Male morphological tergite VII broadly rounded
apically and obtuse pointed medially (Fig. 6). Male
morphological sternite VII short and broad, with
very inconspicuous medioapical excavation (Fig. 7).
Aedeagus with short and thin, apically slightly wid¬
ened parameres (Figs 8-9).
Sexual dimorphism: The female is unknown.
Ecology: Sampled from low strata vegetation in a
secondary lowland rainforest.
Differential diagnosis: This species is very con¬
spicuous primarily due its colouration (thus Mac¬
ratria are known as rather variable in body coloura¬
tion) and structure of male genital organs and last
ventrites.
Distribution: Known from the SE arm of Flalma-
hera Island, North Moluccas.
Macratria citak sp. nov. (Figs 10-15, plate 97 figs
5-6, map 6: empty circle)
http: //zooba nk.org/68512989-F857-461B-
BE04-98EBE793A4A7
Holotype (6 NME: INDONESIA, Papua, North Asnnat
area, 5°20’39”S, 139°21‘18“E, left bank of River Ei-
landen S of Siret and Brazza river Junction (left river-
472
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
Figures 6-9. Macratria berdnikovi
sp. nov., holotype 6': 6- Morpho¬
logical tergite VII; 7 - Morphologi¬
cal stern ite VII; 8-9 - Aedeagus.
Figures 10-11. Macratria c/ta/csp. nov., paratype 6': 10- Morphological tergite VII; 11 - Morphological sternite VII.
473
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
bank), XII. 2015, leg. L. Wagner.
Pa retypes: 1$ & 1$ DTC: sanne label as in holotype.
This species belongs to the M. gestroi species-
group (see Telnov 2011a for group definition).
Derivatio nonninis: Nanned after Citak, local
tribe and language at the area where this species
was first collected. Noun in apposition, invariable.
Measurennents: Holotype nnale, total body length
4.8 nnnn, nnaxinnunn connbined width across base
of elytra 1.05 nnnn; head 0.9 nnnn long, across eyes
0.75 nnnn broad, pronotunn 1.1 nnnn long, nnaxinnunn
width 0.7 nnnn, elytra 2.6 nnnn long, across base
1.05 nnnn wide. Paratype fennale, total body length
4.4 nnnn, nnaxinnunn connbined width across base of
elytra 1.1 nnnn; head 0.8 nnnn long, across eyes 0.7
nnnn broad, pronotunn 1.1 nnnn long, nnaxinnunn width
0.7 nnnn, elytra 2.3 nnnn long, across base 1.1 nnnn
wide.
Description and differential diagnosis:
Dorsal body black with orange legs (all fennora
orange-brown in fennale paratype) with orange-
brown coxae, yellow nnouth parts and antenno-
nneres 1-7; antennonneres 8-11 brown. Underside
dark brown, abdonnen reddish brown. This species
is very sinnilar with Macratria gestroi Pic, 1900
(Papuan Peninsula, E Papua New Guinea) and M.
pseudodensata Telnov, 2012 (southern lowlands of
New Guinea), but differs specifically in structure of
nnale nnorphological tergite VII (pointed in M. pseu¬
dodensata, truncate in M. gestroi, broadly rounded
and excavated nnedially in M. citak sp. nov (Fig. 10)
and nnale nnorphological sternite VII (flattened /
truncate between processes in M. pseudodensata,
with a snnall nnedian pubescent process in M. ge¬
stroi, with a broad pubescent process in M. citak
sp. nov. (Fig 11). Male aedeagus as in Figs 12-13.
Fennale nnorphological sternite VII pointed apically
(Fig. 15), tergite VII - as in Fig. 14. Male ternninal an-
tennonnere elongate, longer than connbined length
of 9-10 antennonneres.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennale with ternninal an-
tennonnere connparatively shorter, as long as conn¬
bined length of two preceding antennonneres.
Ecology: Specinnens were observed on Saccha-
rum sp. vegetation on riverside (plants growing in
Figures 12-15. Macratria
citak sp. nov. 12-13 - Ae¬
deagus, paratype 6'; 14 -
Morphological tergite VII,
paratype $; 15 - Morpho¬
logical sternite VII, paratype
9-
474
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
water) in the open sun at hot nnidday.
Distribution: Southern (Indonesian) New Guinea
lowlands - hitherto known fronn North Asnnat area.
Macratria eparaksts sp. nov. (Figs 16-22, plate 98
figs 1-6, nnap 6: filled circles)
http://zoobank.org/7 712 554F-3157-4D2A-
B770-F639656BEB15
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, S New Guinea, Me-
rauke 84 knn NE, Sawaeoe vill. 4 knn S, Marov riverbank
(upper Merauke River), 8°02’36”S, 141°00‘14“E,
18.IX.2015, 13-14 nn, riverside vegetation, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa raty pes 15 specinnens: 2(5' DTC: sanne label as in ho¬
lotype; 5 DTC & 2 NME: INDONESIA, Papua, Korowai area,
Yaniruma env., 5°24‘53“S, 139°49’0rE, 25.VI.2016,
muddy riverside, on Metroxylon sagu, leg. L. Wagner; 4
DTC & 2 NME: INDONESIA, Papua, Korowai area, Sen-
ggo vill. env., 5°45’36”S, 139°32’52”E, 25.VI.2016,
riverside vegetation, leg. L.Wagner.
This species belongs to the M. gestroi species-
group (see Telnov 2011a for group definition).
Derivatio nonninis: For the first tinne in biologi¬
cal science, the discovery of Macratria eparaksts
sp. nov. was fixed on the photograph which was inn-
nnediately (in the field) signed by the qualified elec¬
tronic signature with tinnestannp provided by LVRTC,
Latvia’s only Trusted certification services provider.
Satellite phone was used in the field in order to ac¬
cess LVRTC’s on-line signing services. This species
is therefore nanned after the Latvian electronic sig¬
nature brand “eParaksts” (eSignature in English
translation). Noun in apposition, invariable.
Measurennents: Flolotype male, total body length
4.3 mm, maximum combined width across base
of elytra 0.9 mm; head 0.8 mm long, across eyes
0.7 mm broad, pronotum 0.95 mm long, maximum
width 0.6 mm, elytra 2.35 mm long, across base
0.9 mm wide. Selected $$ paratypic specimens
from Yaniruma env.: Total body length 4.6 mm,
maximum combined width across base of elytra
1 mm; head 0.9 mm long, across eyes 0.75 mm
broad, pronotum 1.1 mm long, maximum width 0.7
mm, elytra 2.5 mm long, across base 1 mm wide;
total body length 3.7 mm, maximum combined
width across base of elytra 0.8 mm; head 0.7 mm
long, across eyes 0.6 mm broad, pronotum 0.9 mm
long, maximum width 0.55 mm, elytra 2 mm long,
across base 0.8 mm wide.
Description: Dorsal body uniformly black, mouth-
parts yellowish brown. Antennae yellow basally with
5 terminal antennomeres black. Front legs yellow
with coxae, profemora pale brown distallyand pro¬
tibiae - basally. Median legs inclusive coxae brown
with mesofemora mainly yellow with exception of
darker distal part. Flind legs black brown, metatarsi
somewhat paler. Underside brown to black-brown.
Flead round, smooth and shiny dorsally, with very
large and strongly prominent eyes covering whole
sides of head. Flead slightly converging posterior to
eyes to narrower not notched base. Frons narrow, in
male about as wide as combined length of two bas¬
al antennomeres. Punctures minute, rather dense,
intervening spaces generally larger than punctures.
Underside of head smooth and shiny, minutely
punctured. Pubescence whitish, dense, appressed.
Antennae in male reaching base of elytra. Basal
antennomere cylindrical. Third antennomere hardly
longer than second antennomere. Antennomeres
3-5 slender, hardly thickened distally. Antenno¬
meres 6-10 stouter, broader and flattened dorso-
ventrally. Terminal antennomere in male elongate,
twice longer than the penultimate antennomere
and as long as 9-10 antennomeres combined, in
female slightly shorter than 9-10 antennomeres
combined. Terminal maxillary palpomere shortly
cultriform. Pronotum cylindrical, dorsally slightly
convex and shiny. Punctures large and dense but
flat, intervening spaces smooth, smaller than punc¬
tures. Anterior third of pronotum more delicate
punctured than posterior 2/3. Pubescence yellow¬
ish to whitish, long and dense, appressed. Basal
groove with dense white pubescence. Scutellum
small, truncate apically. Elytra shiny dorsally, lat¬
erally slightly constricted toward apices. Dorsal sur¬
face finely and flat punctate. Pubescence yellowish,
rather long and dense, appressed. Transverse band
of white hairs in basal third, broadly interrupted on
suture. Flind wings fully developed. Legs stout, tib¬
iae densely setose. Protibiae stout. Metatibiae with
a group ofvery long curved setae on premedian part
of inner margin. Spurs of metatibiae long and stout.
Male basal metatarsomere longer than combined
length of metatarsomeres 2-4. Apices of last vis¬
ible ventrites extending beyond elytral apices. Male
morphological tergite VII narrowly pointed apically
(Fig. 16), female morphological tergite VII broadly
rounded apically (Fig. 21). Male morphological ster-
nite VII with two long and robust antlers-like lateral
processes with densely setose triangular median
protrusion on inner margin of each process. Apex of
the median protruding is tripartite (this character is
visible under strong magnification). Apical margin is
strongly protruding and pointed between processes
(Figs 17-18), provided with 2-3 large, scale-like se¬
tae. Female morphological sternite VII with an ob¬
tuse flat medio-apical projection (Fig.22). Aedeagus
as in Figs 19-20.
Sexual dimorphism: Females have a shorterter-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
minal antennonnere.
Ecology: This species was sannpled fronn leaves
of a lone standing tree on riverbank. Beetles sat
on the upper side of leaves in the open sun (about
32° Cat tinne of observation) and were very agile.
Differential diagnosis: This species is very pe¬
culiar annong all congeners in the structure of the
nnale nnorphological sternite VII. This species is
sonnewhat sinnilar with M. coniceps Pic, 1901 of
Aru Islands since several paratypes, especially fronn
Senggo vill. env., have head constricted posterior
to eyes. Fennale genitalia of M. eparaksts sp. nov.
are identical to those in lectotype and paralecto-
type of M. coniceps. Since nnale is unknown for M.
Figures 16-22. Macratria eparaksts sp. nov. 16-20 - Paratype 6': 16 - Morphological tergite VII; 17 - Morphological
sternite VII; 18 - Appendages and apical nnargin of nnale sternite VII; 19-20 - Aedeagus; 21-22 Paratype 21 -
Morphological tergite VII; 22 - Morphological sternite VII.
476
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
coniceps nnale genitalia cannot yet be connpared.
Fennale pronotunn is considerably less slender in
fennale M. eparaksts sp. nov. than in M. coniceps.
Further studies are needed to highlight this pos¬
sible relationship.
Distribution: Southern (Indonesian) New Guinea
lowlands.
Macratria marind sp. nov. (Figs 23-28 & 44-45,
plate 99 figs 1-3, nnap 5: rhonnboid)
http://zoobank.org/687FE9E9-EAAD-45A9-
80E2-FC9046965CCF
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, S New Guinea, Me-
rauke 24,5 knn N, Salore vill env., Kunnbe left riverbank,
8°16’26”S, 140°22‘50“E, 17.IX.2015, 10 m, sago
swannp & nnuddy riverbank, riverside vegetation, leg.
D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 21(5'$ DTC & 6 NME: sanne label as in holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: Nanned in honour of the
Marind tribe and language of southern New Guinea
in the area this species was collected. Noun in ap¬
position, invariable.
Measurennents: Flolotype nnale, total body length
3.55 nnnn, nnaxinnunn connbined width at base of
elytra 0.85 nnnn; head (neck excluded) 0.65 nnnn
long, across eyes 0.6 nnnn broad, pronotunn 0.8 nnnn
long, nnaxinnunn width 0.6 nnnn, elytra 2.1 nnnn long,
across base 0.85 wide. Paratype fennale: total body
length 3.65 nnnn, nnaxinnunn connbined width across
nniddle of elytra 0.9 nnnn; head (neck excluded) 0.7
nnnn long, across eyes 0.65 nnnn broad, pronotunn
0.85 nnnn long, nnaxinnunn width 0.6 nnnn, elytra 2.1
nnnn long, across base 0.9 nnnn wide.
Description: Dorsunn reddish brown, brown or
black-brown, head usually sonnewhat paler. Mouth-
parts, palpi, legs and antennae yellow (last with at
three-four ternninal antennonneres slightly darker).
Flind legs connpletely dark in certain paratypes.
Venter unifornniy reddish to blackish brown, last vis¬
ible tergite and sternite slightly paler. Flead circular
with round, extrennely large and strongly pronninent
rather coarsely faceted eyes occupying ainnost the
whole sides of head. Tennpora broadly rounded with
a head base, base without nnedian notch. Frons nar¬
row, in nnale narrower than connbined length of two
Figures 23-26. Macratria
marind sp. nov., paratype (5':
23 - Morphological tergite VII;
24 - Morphological sternite
VII; 25-26 - Aedeagus.
477
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
basal antennonneres. Punctures nninute and flat,
spaceous, intervening spaces larger than punc¬
tures. At least one paratypic specinnen with head
densely and rather coarsely punctured with snnall
intervening spaces. Underside of head much more
spaceous punctured, smooth. Pubescence yellow¬
ish, fine and dense. Antennae long, reaching over
base of elytra. Basal antennomere cylindrical. Third
antennomere slightly longer than second antenno¬
mere. Antennomeres 3-7 long and slender, hardly
thickened distally. 9-10 wider and thickened dis-
tally (in females stronger than in males) but hardly
shortened. Terminal antennomere elongate, 2x lon¬
ger than (in males) to equal in length (in females)
with 9-10 antennomeres together. Terminal maxil¬
lary palpomere cultriform. Pronotum cylindrical,
dorsally slightly flattened, without lustre. Punctures
coarse and dense, intervening spaces smaller
than punctures. Pubescence yellowish, long and
dense, appressed. Basal groove without whitish
pubescence. Scutellum short and broad, truncate
apically. Elytra elongate, without lustre, laterally
hardly narrowed toward apices (almost parallel).
Punctures on each elytron arranged into 5-6 regu¬
lar rows (in dorsal view); each of these punctures
provided with a long appressed seta. Intervening
spaces microreticulate. Pubescence yellowish, long
and very dense, appressed and almost completely
hiding the dorsal surface of elytra. Hind wings fully
developed. Legs long and slender. Protarsi dis¬
tinctly thickened in both sexes. Basal metatarso-
mere in both sexes longer than combined length
of metatarsomeres 2-4. Last visible ventrites hardly
extending beyond elytral apices. Male morphologi¬
cal tergite VII truncate apically (Fig. 23), female -
truncate with short angular median projection (Fig.
27). Male morphological sternite VII with two spike¬
like projections on apical margin, truncate between
28
Figures 27-28. Macratria marind sp. nov., paratype 27
- Morphological tergite VII; 28 - Morphological sternite VII.
them (Fig. 24), of female broadly rounded apically
(Fig. 28). Aedeagus with midsized, apically rounded
and medially pubescent parameres (Figs 25-26).
Sexual dimorphism: Females have shorter ter¬
minal antennomere, shorter basal metatarsomere,
broader frons (as broad as or broader than com¬
bined length of two basal antennomeres) and ely¬
tra.
Variability: Total body length up to 4.5 mm in
certain paratypes. Some paratypes much darker
blackish-brown coloured.
Differential diagnosis: This species appears
to most closely resemble Macratria riparia Telnov,
2012 (Raja Ampat Islands: Misool) but the last vis¬
ible male sternite lacks the excavation between the
projections (excavated in M. riparia), the paramer¬
es are curved with apices pointed (parameres not
curved, apices rounded in M. riparia), the last vis¬
ible female tergite bears an angulate median pro¬
jection (rounded in M. riparia), the male terminal
antennomere is comparatively shorter than that of
M. riparia, and the colouration is darker in certain
specimens.
Ecology: Based on material so far seen, this spe¬
cies exhibits a strong riparian preference. Speci¬
mens were collected from green leaves of Cryptoco-
ryne sp. growing in profusion on muddy riverbanks
of lowland rivers (Figs 44-45). Beetles were sta¬
tionary or ant-like in movement in sunny weather
on leaves of Cryprocoryne sp. Just near the water¬
line. When disturbed, they flew actively around the
plants, resembling a cloud of mosquitoes, and also
moved to the underside of near growing Sago palm
(Metroxyion sagu) leaves where they remained mo¬
tionless until the disturbance ceased. This species
inhabits the very same habitat and demonstrates
very similar behaviour as Macratria riparia Telnov,
2012 on Misool Island.
478
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
Distribution: Hitherto known fronn the extrenne
South of Indonesian New Guinea, Southern low¬
lands in surroundings of Merauke.
Macratria obiensis sp. nov. (Figs 29-34, plate 99
figs 4-7, map 4: rhomboids)
http://zoobank.org/88A3DA89-F597-46E9-
AF32-5976FBA78A3B
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas, Obi
Islands, Obira Is., S part, Wayaloar vill. W, Wayaloar Riv¬
er, 1°42’42”S, 127°37’01”E, 17.XII.2013, riverine low¬
land rainforest, leg. L. Wagner.
Pa raty pes 11 specimens: 5 DTC: same label as in holo¬
type; 3 NME & 3 DTC: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas, Obi
Islands, Obira Is., W part, Kawasi vill. 5-6 km SE, North
of Akelamo river mouth, l°35’5rs, 127°25’04”E,
15.XII.2013, gardens, secondary lowland rainforest &
swamp, leg. L. Wagner.
This species belongs to the M. gestroi species-
group (see Telnov 2011a for group definition).
Derivatio nominis: Toponymic. This species is
named after its area of origin, the Obi Islands of
North Moluccas.
Measurements: Holotype male, total body
length 4 mm, maximum combined width at base
of elytra 0.9 mm; head 0.7 mm long, across eyes
0.6 mm broad, pronotum 0.9 mm long, maximum
width 0.55 mm, elytra 2.3 mm long, across base
0.9 wide. Paratype female: total body length 4.6
mm, maximum combined width at base of elytra
1.0 mm; head 0.8 mm long, across eyes 0.75 mm
broad, pronotum 1 mm long, maximum width 0.7
mm, elytra 2.6 mm long, across base 1.05 wide.
Description and differential diagnosis: Ex¬
ternally similar to Macratria capreo/us Telnov, 2011
(North Moluccas), Macratria coniceps Champion,
1916 (Aru Islands), M. laszlowagneri Telnov, 2011
(Central Moluccas), Macratria misoolensis Telnov,
2011 (Raja Ampat Islands), Macratria pamelas-
chm/c/t/ Telnov, 2011 (Solomon Islands), Macratria
pseudodensata Telnov, 2012 (S New Guinea: As-
mat area), and Macratria subguttata Pascoe, 1860
(North Moluccas), but differs by the combination
of the following characters: apical third of elytra on
disc with a poorly defined zone of whitish pubes¬
cence surrounded by pale yellow main pubescence,
male morphological sternite VII with two robust,
densely and long pubescent antlers-like lateral pro-
Eigures 29-32. Macratria
obiensis sp. nov., paratype
S'. 29 - Morphological ter-
gite VII; 30 - Morphological
stern ites VI-VII; 31-32 - Ae-
deagus.
479
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
33
cesses. Apical nnargin between processes is slightly
concave (Fig. 30), nnale nnorphological tergite VII tri¬
angular and broadly pointed apically, ternninal an-
tennonnere hardly 2x longer than the penultinnate
one in both sexes, nnetatibiae without nnodifications
in both sexes, eyes very large and occupying ainnost
whole tennpora in both sexes, head base broadly
rounded, aedeagus as in Figs 31-32. Fennale nnor¬
phological tergite VII and sternite VII as in Figs 33-
34 respectively; sternite with rounded and densely
punctured nnedian protruding. Legs generally black
brown. Male nnorphological tergite VII as in Fig. 29.
Sexual dinnorphisnn: Fennales are generally
nnore robust with a connparatively broader prono-
tunn and elytra.
Ecology: Specinnens of this species were sannpled
during the hot daytinne fronn leaves of low strata
vegetation (up to 2 nn high) in disturbed lowland
rainforests and gardens.
Distribution: Obira Island of Obi group, southern-
nnost North Moluccas.
Macratria patani sp. nov. (Figs 35-39, plate 100
figs 1-2, nnap 4: filled circle)
httD://zoobank.org/939C45B0-32F8-45B7-
98FD-23BE9DFC72E3
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas,
Hainnahera SE, Patani W, between the jetty & Patani,
0°18’10”N, 128°39’38”E, 15-50 m, secondary lowland
rainforest, lO.VI 1.2013, leg. D.Telnov.
Pa retypes 56' DTC: sanne label as in holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: Nanned after Patani, the lo¬
cal language of the SE arnn of Flainnahera where
this species was sannpled. Noun in apposition, in¬
variable.
Measurennents: Flolotype nnale, total body length
4.55 nnnn, nnaxinnunn connbined width across base
of elytra 1 nnnn; head 0.85 nnnn long, across eyes
34
Figures 33-34. Macratria obiensis sp. nov., pa retype 33
- Morphological tergite VII; 34 - Morphological sternite VII.
0.7 nnnn broad, pronotunn 1.15 nnnn long, nnaxinnunn
width 0.7 nnnn, elytra 2.45 nnnn long, across base 1
nnnn wide.
Description: Flead reddish-orange, yellow on
nnouthparts. Antennae yellow with three ternninal
antennonneres slightly darker. Pronotunn and elytra
unifornniy dark brown, the first one generally darker.
Front legs yellow, profennora with snnall triangular
brown predistal spot and base of protibiae shortly
brown, procoxae red. Median legs with dark red cox¬
ae, nnesofennora broadly yellow nnedially with basal
and distal parts reddish-brown (leaving extrenne api¬
ces narrowly yellow), nnesotibiae pale brown, nneso-
tarsi yellow. Flind legs black brown, base of nnetafo-
nneora reddish brown and extrenne apices narrowly
yellowish, basal nnetatarsonnere brown, rennaining
nnetatarsonneres yellow. Underside reddish-brown.
Flead ovoid, opaque or hardly shiny dorsally, with
extrennely large and strongly pronninent eyes cover¬
ing whole sides of head. Flead slightly converging
posterior to eyes to narrower and broadly notched
base. Frons very narrow, in nnale strongly narrower
than connbined length of two basal antennonneres.
Punctures rather large and dense, intervening
spaces snnaller than punctures. Underside of head
snnooth and shiny, nninutely punctured. Pubes¬
cence yellowish, sparse, appressed. Antennae
slender but rather short, in nnale hardly reaching
base of pronotunn. Basal antennonnere cylindrical.
Third antennonnere longer than second antenno¬
nnere. Antennonneres 3-8 very elongate and slen¬
der, hardly thickened distally. Antennonneres 9-10
stouter but hardly longer than antennonneres 3-8.
Ternninal antennonnere in nnale elongate, twice lon¬
ger than the penultinnate antennonnere. Ternninal
nnaxillary palponnere axefornn. Pronotunn cylindri¬
cal, flattened and opaque dorsally. Punctures large,
dense and coarse, intervening spaces nnicroreticu-
480
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
late, nnuch snnaller than punctures. Pubescence
greyish, long and dense, appressed. Basal groove
without dense whitish pubescence. Scutellunn
snnall, truncate apically. Elytra opaque to hardly
shiny dorsally, laterally ainnost parallel. Dorsal sur¬
face delicate punctate, punctures are larger and
deeper in basal half but getting very delicate and
flat in apical half. Pubescence greyish to yellowish,
rather long and dense, appressed. Sonnewhat lon¬
ger and appressed setae are arranged in 6-7 rows
on each elytron. Hind wings fully developed. Legs
stout, tibiae densely setose. Protibiae rather short
and stout. Pro- and mesotarsi distinctly thickened
in male. Spurs of metatibiae long and stout. Male
basal metatarsomere longer than combined length
of metatarsomeres 2-4. Apices of last visible ven-
trites hardly extending beyond elytral apices. Male
morphological tergite VII broadly excavated medio-
apically (Fig. 35). Male morphological sternite VII
short and broad, broadly rounded apically (Fig. 36).
Aedeagus with long and thin parameres (Figs 37-
39).
Sexual dimorphism: The female is unknown.
Ecology: Sampled from low strata vegetation in
secondary lowland rainforest.
Differential diagnosis: This species is peculiar
among all Moluccan congeners due to its coloura¬
tion (thus Macratria are known as rather variable in
body colouration) and structure of male genital or¬
gans and last ventrites. Several allopatric conge¬
ners have an apically excavated male morphologi¬
cal tergite VII and some of these species also have
a red-coloured head and pale appendages. These
species differ from M. patani in the following char¬
acters: Macratria fruhstorferi Pic, 1942 (Sulawesi)
has the parameres provided with a preapical den¬
ticle (parameres not denticulate in M. patani), M.
fulvipes fulvipes Pascoe, 1860 (Sulawesi) has
curved parameres (parameres straight in M. pa¬
tani) and male morphological tergite VII is vaguely
excavated apically (tergite VII is strongly excavated
in M. patani), M. grisescens Telnov, 2011 (Sula Is¬
lands, North Moluccas) has distally broad param¬
eres (parameres not or hardly widened distally in
M. patani) and the male morphological tergite VII
is vaguely excavated apically, M. maxbarclayi Tel¬
nov, 2011 (Sulawesi) has the male terminal anten-
nomere more than twice as long as the penulti¬
mate one (about twice so long in M. patani) and
the pronotum is less coarsely punctured (pronotum
coarsely punctured in M. patani), M. obscuripes
Pic, 1912 (Sulawesi) has the pronotal punctures
large but flat, less coarse and the male morphologi¬
cal tergite VII is vaguely excavated apically, M. san-
guiceps Telnov, 2011 (Sulawesi) has the head base
truncate (head base rounded and notched apically
in M. patani) and the male terminal antennomere
is longer than antennomeres 9-10 combined (male
37
Figures 35-39. Macratria patani sp.
nov., paratype 6': 35 - Morphological
tergite VII; 36 - Morphological ster-
nites VI-VII; 37-39 - Aedeagus.
481
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
ternninal antennonnere nnaxinnunn as long as anten-
nonneres 9 & 10 in M. patani), M. sulaensis Telnov,
2011 (Sula Islands, North Moluccas) is generally
paler brown, has the nnale nnorphological sternite
VII obtuse and with a short, nnedian protrusion
(nnale nnorphological sternite VII different in M.
patani) and the nnale nnorphological tergite VII is
vaguely excavated apical ly, M. testaceicornis Pic,
1901 (Sulawesi) has generally dark coloured legs
(front and nnedian legs distinctly bicoloured in M.
patani), has fore-body finely punctured and shiny
(punctures coarser on fore-body in M. patani) and
has a transverse band of white setae in the basal
third of elytra (no such band in M. patani sp. nov.).
Distribution: SE arnn of Hainnahera Island, North
Moluccas.
Macratria sahu sp. nov. (Figs 40-43, plate 100 figs
3-4, nnap 4: ennpty circle)
httD://zoobank.org/749D7770-C08A-
4028-8BCF-F4D8051B847D
Holotype 6' NME: INDONESIA E, North Moluccas,
Flainnahera NW, River Alee Diri near Jailolo, 01°06’28”N,
127°28’49”E, 15-17 m, 16.VII.2013, lowland river, leg.
L. Wagner.
40
Pa retype 56' DTC & 2(6 NME: sanne label as in holo¬
type.
This species belongs to the M. gestroi species-
group (see Telnov 2011a for group definition).
Derivatio nonninis: This species is nanned after
Sahu, a local tribe and language in surroundings of
Jailolo, NW Hainnahera. Noun in apposition, invari¬
able.
Measurennents: Holotype nnale, total body length
4.8 nnnn, nnaxinnunn connbined width across base
of elytra 1.05 nnnn; head 0.9 nnnn long, across eyes
0.75 nnnn broad, pronotunn 1.1 nnnn long, nnaxinnunn
width 0.7 nnnn, elytra 2.6 nnnn long, across base
1.05 nnnn wide.
Description and differential diagnosis: Dor¬
sal body black with black-brown legs (tibiae paler
yellow-brown), yellow nnouthparts (ternninal nnaxil-
lary palponnere brown and antennonneres 1-8 yel¬
low, 9-11 brown. Underside black-brown. Elytra
in basal third with transverse band of white hairs
(broadly interrupted on suture, not reaching lateral
nnargins of elytra) and with elongate poorly defined
preapical spot of white hairs on each elytron.
Figures 40-43. Macratria
sahu sp. nov., paratype (6:
40 - Morphological tergite
VII; 41 - Morphological ster¬
nite VII; 42-43 - Aedeagus.
482
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
This species is very sinnilar to other species of
gestroi group but is specifically different in nnale
nnetatibiae being sinnple (without nnodifications and
/ or longsetation) and nnale morphological sternite
VII being rather flat medio-apically between the pro¬
cesses (Fig. 41). Male morphological tergite VII as
in Fig. 40. Male aedeagus as in Figs 42-43. Male
terminal antennomere elongate, as long as com¬
bined length of 9-10 antennomeres.
Sexual dimorphism: The female is unknown.
Ecology: Specimens were collected from riverside
vegetation.
Distribution: North-Western Flalmahera, North
Moluccas.
Macratria sp.
Material 2$ DTC: INDONESIA, Papua, Korowai area,
Yaniruma env., 5°24‘53“S, 139°49’0rE, 25.VI.2016,
muddy riverside, on Metroxylon sagu, leg. L. Wagner.
Note: This is obviously another yet undescribed
species that appears to be morphologically close¬
ly related to Macratria brazzaensis Telnov, 2012
(Southern New Guinea lowlands). Since only fe¬
male specimens are currently available, this spe¬
cies is not yet being described.
Distribution: Southern New Guinea lowlands.
Notes on biogeography of Macratria Newman,
1838 in the Papuan Region and Waiiacea
Macratria is worldwide in distribution with over
300 described species (Telnov 2011a, 2012). New
Guinea and adjacent insular systems is perhaps
the most complex region in the world with regard
to an extremely complex and not well understood
geological history (Gressitt 1984; Polhemus 2007).
Also the biogeography of the Papuan Region is very
complex and its biota is partly derived from differ¬
ent large adjacent Australian and Oriental biogeo¬
graphic realms. The complex geological history of
the area resulted in a wide spectrum of available
geological structures (e.g. montane ranges, penin¬
sulas, islands and insular groups) and habitats with
different grades of isolation, inhabited by high num¬
bers of endemics of various taxonomic ranks (e.g.
species / genus / tribe). The combination of these
aforementioned factors makes the Papuan Region
extremely attractive for evolutionary and biogeogra¬
phy-related kind of research.
Several authors analyzed the distribution of
vertebrates, particularly birds (Beehler 2007) and
freshwater fishes (Polhemus & Allen 2007) of New
Guinea, defining areas of endemism for terrestrial
and freshwater vertebrates. But for most insect
groups this vast area remains insufficiently studied
and their distribution patterns are poorly under¬
stood with some exceptions (for example, Tmesist-
ernini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) - Gressitt 1984,
freshwater invertebrates - Polhemus & Allen 2007,
cicadas - Duffels & de Boer 2007). Generally, iden¬
tified areas of invertebrate endemism correlate well
with such areas defined for vertebrates. Since all of
the Papuan Anthicidae were systematically revised
by Telnov (2007a & b, 2009, 2011a & b, 2012,
2014) this group considered one of best studied
among Papuan insects.
Peculiarities in distribution and endemism
patterns of Macratria are of particular interest pri¬
marily because of vast recent material available
for the study. The present list of the Papuan and
Wallacean Macratria (120 species and subspe¬
cies; Telnov 2012) is herewith supplemented with
8 more species. Among the vpresently known 128
Macratria species, 126 are considered endemic to
the Indo-Australian transition zone. Data on spe¬
cies richness and regional endemism of Macratria
in the Indo-Australian transition zone (inclusive
Papuan Region and Waiiacea) were recently sum¬
marized and assessed by Telnov (2011a) and soon
supplemented by Telnov (2012). The recent discov¬
eries presented in this paper slightly change this
pattern (Table 1).
Throughout most lowland areas Macratria are
known as good and active flyers and inhabit riparian
ecosystems with good distribution potential among
water courses. For example, 10 Macratria species
now recorded from North Moluccas of which M. ca-
preolus Telnov, 2011 known to inhabit the whole
archipelago with minor exceptions (Map 2) and M.
subguttata Pascoe, 1860 known from most of the
area except for Obi Islands (Map 3). On the other
hand, some other species seem limited in distribu¬
tion and localized in certain geographical parts of
the archipelago, like M. obiensis sp. nov. in Obi Is¬
lands and M. berdnikovi sp.nov. and M. patani sp.
nov. in the SE arm of Flalmahera.
The vast Southern lowlands of New Guinea are
inhabited by several species with large distribution
areas. For example, M. grekei Telnov, 2011 and M.
ronaldi Telnov, 2011 are hypothetically distributed
all over southern lowlands with some gaps reflecting
present level of knowledge and available material
(consider maps 1-5). Bird’s Neck with its dramatic
anticlines and therefore very different habitats is
a (hypothetical) western distribution boundary for
these lowlands species.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
But even in very sinnilar lowland nnicrohabitats
in different parts of the region different species
may occur. Telnov (2012) reported M. riparia Tel¬
nov, 2012 from lowlands of Misool and Waigeo is¬
lands, Raja Ampat. On Misool this species is found
in mass on leaves of Cryptocoryne ciliata growing
in mud directly on waterline and in low water of low¬
land rivers. In southern New Guinea, surroundings
of Merauke, another species M. marine! sp. nov.
has been found in the very same habitat on leaves
of Cryptocoryne sp. (see description of this species
and ecological notes above).
On the other hand, montane areas are inhab¬
ited by low mobility species (based on field observa¬
tions, see behaviour notes for M. hatamensis Tel¬
nov, 2011) and M. rotundiceps Telnov, 2011 with
rather limited distributions (Map 1) and (theoreti¬
cally) low dispersal ability.
The following provisional Anthicidae areas of
endemism are herewith proposed in the Papuan
Region and Wallacea based on available informa¬
tion:
1. Sulawesi;
2. North Moluccas;
3. Doberai, Bomberai and Onin peninsulas except
montane areas of the Arfak and Tamarau;
4. Arfak Mountains and Tamarau Mountains of Do¬
berai Peninsula;
5. South New Guinea from Bird’s Neck Isthmus in
the West towards the Papuan Peninsula in the East;
6. Central Cordillera of New Guinea;
7. Solomon Islands.
Therefore New Guinea is subdivided into at
least four main areas of endemism with other ar¬
eas represented by large islands (Sulawesi) or in¬
sular groups (North Moluccas, Solomon Islands).
Insufficient data are available in order to define
Central Moluccas, North New Guinea and Bismarck
Archipelago as an Anthicidae endemism area.
Table 1. Species richness and endemism of Macratria Newman in the Papuan Region and Wallacea.
484
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
Acknowledgements
Dr. Barbara Gravendeel (Biodiversiteit Ho-
geschool Leiden, the Netherlands) is thanked for
exannination and identification of Moluccan plant
species for the nnanuscript. My friendly and very
connpetent acconnpanier Laszio Wagner (Budapest,
Hungary) is herewith thanked for joining nne during
the 2013 and 2015 expeditions to North Moluccas
and New Guinea, as also for friendly assistance with
sannplingspecinnens in hardly accessible Citak, Ko-
rowai and North Asnnat areas of New Guinea and
on Obi Islands.
I am grateful to Dr. Daniel K. Young (University
of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A.) for English proof
reading and general comments on the manuscript.
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Institute. New Jersey, Princeton University Press:
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Duffels H., de Boer A.J. 2007. Cicada Endennisnn in Pap¬
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Gressitt J.L. 1982. General introduction: 3-13. In: Gres-
sitt J.L. (ed.) Monographiae biologicae 42, Bioge¬
ography and ecology of New Guinea. Dr. W. Junk
& Springer Publishers, the Hague: 983 pp.
Gressitt J.L. 1984. Systennatics and biogeography of the
longicorn beetle tribe Tnnesisternini. - Pacific In¬
sects Monograph 41: 263 pp, 12 pis.
Polhennus D.A. 2007. Tectonic Geology of Papua: 137-
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gy of Papua. Part One. The Ecology of Indonesia Se¬
ries. Volunne VI. Periplus, Singapore: i-xxxi + 1-749.
Polhennus D.A., Allen G.R. 2007. Freshwater Biogeogra¬
phy of Papua: 207-245. In: Marshall A.J., Beehler
B.M. (eds) The Ecology of Papua. Part One. The
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Singapore: i-xxxi + 1-749.
Riedel A. 2002. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and zoogeography
of the weevil genus Euops (Insecta: Coleoptera:
Curculionoidea) In the Papuan region. Disserta¬
tion zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultat
fur Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat
Munchen: 216 pp.
Telnov D. 2007a. Redefinition of Pseudoleptaleus Pic,
1900 (Coleoptera: Anthicidae, Anthicinae). - En-
tomologische Zeitschrift 117, No 2: 71-82.
Telnov D. 2007b. A review of the genus Lemodes Bohe-
nnan, 1858 (Coleoptera: Anthicidae: Lemodinae).
- VeroffentTichungen des Naturkundemuseums
Erfurt 26: 241-258.
Telnov D. 2009. Species of Anthicomorphus Lewis,
1895 (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) from the Indo-Aus-
tralian transition zone (Wallacea), with comments
on selected taxa from adjacent areas. - Vernate
28: 377-408.
Telnov D. 2011a. Taxonomische Revision der Gattung
Macratrla Newman, 1838 (Coleoptera: Anthici¬
dae, Macratriinae) aus Wallacea, Neuguinea und
den Salomonen: 97-285, pis 17-37. In: Telnov D.
(ed.) Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Con¬
servation In Wallacea and New Guinea. Volume
I. The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga: 434
pp + 92 pis.
Telnov D. 2011b. Tomoderinae (Coleoptera: Anthicidae)
from the Indo-Australian transition zone (Walla¬
cea) and adjacent areas. - Vernate 30: 223-248.
Telnov D. 2012. New records and new species of Mac¬
ratriinae from the Papuan region (Coleoptera: An¬
thicidae). - Vernate 31: 429-468.
Telnov D. 2014. Taxonomic revision of the genus Sap-
intus Casey, 1895 (Coleoptera: Anthicidae: Anth¬
icinae) from the Indo-Australian transition zone,
with remarks on some Oriental and Australian
taxa: 255-344, pis 44-63. In: Telnov D. (ed.) Bio¬
diversity, biogeography and nature conservation
In Wallacea and New Guinea. Volume II. The En¬
tomological Society of Latvia, Riga: 458 pp, 126
pis.
Received: 10.01.2017.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Map 1. Distribution of Macratria hatamensis Telnov, 2011 (ennpty circles) and M. rotundiceps Telnov, 2011 (filled
circles) in Arfak Mountains, Doberai Peninsula of New Guinea (Anggi Lakes are white on the nnap).
486
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
Map 2. North Moluccas: distribution of Macratria capreolus 7elnov, 2011.
487
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Map 3. North Moluccas: distribution of Macratria pygmaea halmaherica Telnov, 2011 (ennpty circles) and M. sub-
guttata Pascoe, 1860 (filled circles).
488
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
Map 4. North Moluccas: distribution of Macratria sahu sp. nov. (ennpty circle), M. berdnikovi sp. nov. and M. patani
sp. nov. (filled circle), and M. obiensis sp. nov. (rhonnboids).
489
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Map 5. New Guinea: distribution of Macratria ronaldi Telnov, 2011 (ennpty circles), M. grekei Telnov, 2011 (filled
circles), and M. marind sp. nov. (rhonnboid).
Map 6. New Guinea: distribution of Macratria citak sp. nov. (ennpty circle), M. eparaksts sp. nov. (filled circles), and
M. ayamaru sp. nov. (rhonnboid).
490
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
Figures 44-45. Habitat of Macratria marind sp. nov. 44 - River Kunnbe at locus typicus, southern New Guinea,
Merauke surroundings (consider nnuddy banks and Sago Painn stands); 45 - Cryptocoryne sp. plants on which M.
marind sp. nov. specinnens were observed in large nunnber (photos: D. Telnov).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
-
Figures 46-47. Habitat of Macratria hatamensis Telnov, 2011 in Arfak Mountains. 56 - Moist nnossy nnid-nnontane
rainforest around Uper village, -2000 nn (consider low strata vegetation fronn which specinnens were sannpled); 47
- Open and senni dry forest rennnants on watershed between Gigi and Gita lakes (Anggi Lakes), -2250 nn (photos:
D. Telnov).
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
(plates 97-100)
49
Figures 48-49. Habitat of Macratria species. 48 - Saccharum sp. stands along River Kokopola in NE Hainnahera -
habitat of M. capreolus Telnov, 2011, M. pygmaea halmaherica Telnov, 2011, and M. subguttata Pascoe, 1860; 49
- Microhabitat (young tree) of M. rotundiceps Telnov, 2011 in Arfak Mountains, nnoist nnossy nnid-nnontane rainforest
(photos: D. Telnov).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Figures 50-52. Habitat of Macratria species. 50 - Taro plant fronn which M. subguttata Pascoe, 1860 specinnens
were sannpled in NE Hainnahera, near Lake Makete; 51 - Roadside sennidry vegetation fronn which M. pygmaea
halmaherica Telnov, 2011 and M. subguttata were sannpled in Central Hainnahera; 52 - Taro plant in Sabale caldera
(Tidore Island) from which M. subguttata specimens were sampled (photos: D. Telnov).
Theischinger, G. & Richards, S.J.: Insular odonates in Melanesia: a new species of dannselfly fronn Manus Island ...
(plates 101-103)
Insular odonates In Melanesia: a new species
of damselfly from Manus Island, Papua New Guinea
(Zygoptera: Platystictidae) and comments
on Nososticta manuscola Theischinger et Richards
Gunther Theischinger Stephen J. Richards ^
1 - Office of Environment and Heritage New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and Australian
Museum, Entomology, 6 College Street, NSW 2010, Sydney, Australia; e-mail: gunther.
theischinger@environment.nsw.gov.au
2 - Corresponding author: Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace,
S. A. 5000, Adelaide, Australia; e-mail: steve.richards@samuseum.sa.gov.au and Wildlife
Conservation Society, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
Abstract: A new species of dannselfly, Drepanosticta gazelle sp. nov., is described fronn Manus Island, Papua New
Guinea. The new species is most similar to D. antllope Theischinger et Richards, 2005, another insular species
known only from New Britain Island to the south-east of Manus. The female of Nososticta manuscola Theischinger
et Richards, 2015, a species previously known from a single male, is described for the first time and data on varia¬
tion in male morphology are provided.
Keywords: Damselfly, Zygoptera, Admiralty Archipelago, Drepanosticta, Nososticta, variation, new species.
Introduction
The odonate fauna of Manus Island in Papua
New Guinea’s remote Admiralty Archipelago re¬
mains poorly known. Richards etal. (2015) reported
20 species from Manus, most of which also occur
on mainland New Guinea or on other Pacific islands
(Michalski 2012; Kalkman & Orr 2013; Orr & Kalk-
man 2015). Exceptions are an endemic damselfly,
Nososticta manuscola Theischinger et Richards,
2015 described from Manus Island on the basis of
a single male specimen and a photograph of a fe¬
male, and an undescribed platystictid damselfly of
the genus Drepanosticta La id law, 1917 that is cur¬
rently known onlyfrom the vicinity of MtSabomu on
Manus Island’s south coast (Richards et al. 2015).
Here we provide additional data on the poorly-
known endemic damselfly N. manuscola, includ¬
ing the first comprehensive description of the fe¬
male and information on morphological variation in
males. We also formally describe the previously un¬
named Drepanosticta species. It is likely that ad¬
ditional field work in this remote island archipelago
will reveal more odonate novelties.
Materials and methods
Descriptive terminology largely follows Watson
& 0’ Farrell (1991). Colouration is given as detect¬
able from the preserved material, supplemented
with photographs of specimens taken in life. Mea¬
surements are given in millimeters (mm). All illus¬
trations were done with the aid of a camera lucida
and are not to scale. Coordinates are presented us¬
ing the GPS datum WGS 84. Material is lodged in
the collection of the South Australian Museum in
Adelaide, Australia (SAMA).
Taxonomic part
Drepanosticta gazelle sp. nov. (Figs 1-6, plates
101 fig. 1, 102 fig. 1)
Holotype S SAMA 07-001460: Papua New Guinea,
Manus Island, Mt Sabonnu, within 250 nn of: 2.193°S,
146.967 °E; 456 nn a.s.l., 04 October 2014, S.J. Rich¬
ards.
Paratypes 4 specinnens (all fronn Papua New Guinea,
Manus Island): 16' & 1$ SAMA 07-001461-62: same
data as holotype; 1(6 SAMA 07-001463: Piri Village,
495
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
2.211°S, 146.965° E; 40 m a.s.L, 03 October 2014; 16'
SAMA 07-001463: sanne locality but 06 October 2014;
all leg. S.J. Richards.
Derivatio nonninis: The specific nanne ‘gazelle’
refers to the antler-shaped processes on the pos¬
terior lobe of the nnale and fennale pronotunn; it is
used as a noun in apposition to the generic nanne
and also alludes to the probable close relationship
of the new species to Drepanosticta antilope Theis-
chinger et Richards, 2005.
Diagnosis: A snnall slender species, distinguished
fronn all congeners by a connbination of the follow¬
ing characters: largely black with limited pale grey¬
ish yellow markings (Plate 101 fig 1, plate 102 fig.
1); poststernum very pale, the posterior lobe of pro-
notum in both sexes elaborate; transverse occipital
Carina developed into a point on each side; male
superior anal appendages shorter than inferiors
and having both a dorsal and an inner medial tooth.
Description of holotype (male): Head - Largely
blackish brown to black with most of labrum, all of
mandible base and adjacent portion of genae and
anteclypeus, more than anterior half of postclype-
us, part of antennal scape and all of pedicel whitish
yellow; labium pale brown and approximately ante¬
rior third of labrum dark brown. Prothorax (Figs
1-2) - Notum largely yellowish to brownish grey,
narrowly black along the black pleura; posterior
lobe markedly raised posteriorly, with pair of plump
antler-like processes. Legs pale greyish to brown¬
ish yellow with knees, apex of tibiae and terminal
tarsal segments slightly darkened. Synthorax -
Mesopleura largely bronze-black without distinct
antehumeral markings; metapleura greyish to
brownish yellow merging into broad greyish brown
patch along both sides of metapleural suture;
metapostepimeron pale greyish yellow with dorsal
edge black. Postcoxae and poststernum very pale
greyish yellow. Legs much as in prothorax. Wings
- Membrane hyaline, very slightly suffused with
pale yellowish to greyish brown. Venation blackish
brown to black. Pterostigma brownish grey, almost
twice as long as wide, generally overlying slightly
more than one cell, proximally very slightly convex,
distally rather strongly so; postnodals 18/18. Ab¬
domen - Largely bronze-brown to bronze-black;
only posterior dorsal edge of SI, posterior portion
of S7, bases of S3-8 and ventral edges of S8 and
S9 greyish yellow to brownish grey but the dark and
pale areas merging into each other and thus not
well defined. SIO and long narrow hooked inferior
anal appendages greyish yellow to brownish grey,
superior anal appendages slim, pale greyish yellow.
undulate in lateral view, with well-defined medial
tooth close before mid-length and dorsal tooth not
much beyond (Figs 3-4). Measurements (mm) - Hw
21.0, abdomen (including anal appendages) 33.2.
Description of female: Head much as in male.
Prothorax coloured much as in male; processes
of posterior lobe with stem markedly more slen¬
der, but apex almost as large as in male (Figs 5-6).
Synthorax much as in male. Legs similar to male
but femora slightly darker and tibiae and tarsi more
uniformly greyish brown. Wings similar to male;
postnodals 16-17/17. Abdomen much as in male
but pale and dark areas even less distinct and less
strongly defined. Ovipositor black and brownish yel¬
low; anal appendages pale brownish yellow. Mea¬
surements - Hw 19.5, abdomen 26.5.
Variability: The male paratypes agree well with
the holotype in structure and coloration but are
somewhat smaller. Their postnodals numbers are
16-20/15-17, their measurements 18.3-19.1 mm
(Hw) and 27.8-29.5 mm (abdomen plus anal ap¬
pendages). Both males from Piri Village are smaller
than the three males from the type locality, and
they have fewer postnodals.
Differential diagnosis: The description of Drep¬
anosticta gazelle sp. nov. brings to three the num¬
ber of Papuan species of Drepanosticta Laidlaw
that share a transverse occipital carina developed
into a point on each side, lack of pale antehumeral
markings and male superior anal appendages that
are shorter than the slender hooked inferiors and
have both a dorsal and a medial tooth. The oth¬
ers are D. antilope Theischinger et Richards, 2005
from New Britain and D. exoleta Lieftinck, 1932
from northern Papua New Guinea (Michalski 2012;
Kalkman & Orr 2013), and these three species are
presumably closely related. The male of Drepanost¬
icta gazelle can be distinguished from D. exoleta by
having the two teeth on the male superior anal ap¬
pendages close together (vs widely separated in D.
exoleta] Fig. 7). The pronotal processes of male D.
gazelle (Figs 1-2) are apically more strongly devel¬
oped than in D. antilope (Figs 8-9), and the anal ap¬
pendages (Figs 5, 6) are more slender. The female
of D. gazelle has the pronotal processes (Figs 5-6)
similarly elaborate as the male, whereas they are
simple elongate lobes in D. antilope (Figs 10-11).
Both sexes of D. gazelle differ from D. antilope by
the very pale vs very dark poststernum.
Habitat: Drepanosticta gazelle sp. nov. was found
along several streams draining Mt Sabomu on the
south coast of Manus Island, between about 40 m
a.s.l. near the coast at Piri Village and 456 m a.s.l.
Just below the mountain’s summit (Plate 103 fig.
496
Theischinger, G. & Richards, S.J.: Insular odonates in Melanesia: a new species of dannselfly fronn Manus Island ...
(plates 101-103)
1). Despite intensive searches, it was not found
at any lowland sites with lower-gradient streanns
(Richards et al. 2015) and this species nnay be re¬
stricted to high-gradient forest streanns on Manus
Island. Like other nnennbers of the genus on nnain-
land New Guinea it is a secretive species, perch¬
ing nnotionless for long periods in densely vegetat¬
ed shady areas adjacent to clear forest streanns.
It was also found at low densities in shady areas
along streanns traversing the disturbed forest and
gardens around Piri Village.
Variation in Nososticta manuscola Theischinger
et Richards, 2015 (Figs 12 15)
Material studied: Papua New Guinea, Manus Is¬
land: 1(5' SAMA 07-001465: Mt Sabomu, 2.193°S,
146.967 °E; 456 nn a.s.l.; 03 October 2014; 6(5' & 1$
SAMA 07-001466-70, 07-001486-87: same locality but
04 October 2014; 1(5' SAMA 07-001488: Piri Village,
Figures 1-11. Damseflies of Manus Island. 1-4: Drepanosticta gazelle sp. nov., (5': 1 - Prothorax, lateral view; 2 - Pos¬
terior lobe of pronotum, dorsal view; 3-4: Anal appendages: 3 - dorsal view; 4 - lateral view; 5-6: 5 - Prothorax,
lateral view; 6 - Posterior lobe of pronotum, dorsal view; 7 - Drepanosticta exo/eta Lieftinck, 1932, (5' anal append¬
ages, dorsal view (modified from Lieftinck (1932)); 8-11: Drepanosticta antllope Theischinger et Richards, 2005
(modified from Theischinger & Richards (2005)): 8-9 - (5': 8 - Prothorax, lateral view; 9 - Posterior lobe of pronotum,
dorsal view; 10-11 - 10 - Prothorax, lateral view; 11 - Posterior lobe of pronotum, frontal and dorsal view.
497
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
2.211°S, 146.965° E; 40 m a.s.L; 03 October 2014; 16'
SAMA 07-001489: sanne locality but 06 October 2014;
all leg. S.J. Richards.
This new nnaterial allows us to connplennent the
description provided by Theischinger & Richards
(2015) of the nnale based only on the holotype (and
then only known) specinnen and to present the first
detailed description of the fennale.
Male variation: The original description of nnale
colouration in life was based on a photograph of a
rather young individual (photo 10 in Theischinger &
Richards (2015)). Collection of additional, nnature
nnale specinnens has revealed sonne differences
in colouration (Plate 102 fig. 2) and these are de¬
scribed here along with variation in wing venation
and body nneasurennents. In nnore nnature nnales
the pale nnarkings on head, thorax and abdonnen in¬
cluding the anal appendages do not appear bluish,
as originally described, but rather unifornniy whitish
to very pale greenish or brownish yellow. The lateral
spot on tergunn 1 is hardly noticeable, and only the
extrenne edge of tergunn 9 shows sonne pale colour.
The wing nnennbrane of nnost specinnens is slightly
suffused with pale greenish brown, and there are
15-16/11-15 postnodals. The transverse crossvein
descending fronn the distal nnargin of the discoidal
cell is nnissing in only one of 36 wings; CuP reaches
wing nnargin between 1/3 and 4/5 length of first
cell following discoidal cell. The hindwing length
ranges fronn 17.6-19.6 nnnn, the abdonnen (+ anal
appendages) length fronn 29.4-34 nnnn.
Description of the fennale: (Figs 12-15, plate
102 fig. 3) Head - Largely black; only approxinnate-
ly basal half of labiunn whitish grey, and a rather
wide bar fronn eye to eye across anterior frons and
genae adjacent to postclypeus pale brownish yel¬
low. Thorax - Pronotunn (Fig. 12) black, nnedian
lobe slightly raised into a well-rounded bunnp each
side, posterior lobe (Figs 13-14) with two sets of
slender lateral lobes, the inner longer than the
outer, and with slightly bilobed nnedian plate; pro¬
pleura largely pale brownish yellow. Synthoracic
pleura largely black with the following areas pale
brownish yellow (Fig. 15): tiny, suboval nnesepister-
nal patch, hardly longer than 1/6 of anepisternunn;
nnesepinneral/nnetepisternal patch, roughly parallel
sided, covering only tiny parts of posterior edge of
nnesepinneron but full length and width of nnetepi-
sternunn; nnetepinneral patch as long as nnetepinn-
eron; posteroventral corner of katepisterna, nnore
extensive in nnetakatepisternunn; narrow ventral
section of nnetapostepinneron. Postcoxae dull grey¬
ish yellow, poststernunn very pale yellow. Coxae
and trochanters pale brownish yellow, nneso- and
nnetacoxa anteriorly with snnall dark basal patch;
fennora with upper face and apical section black,
otherwise brownish to greyish yellow; tibiae with in¬
ner face and apically black, otherwise largely pale
brownish yellow; tarsi black; claws brown; overall
the forelegs are darkest, the hindlegs palest. Wings
- Venation black; nnennbrane hyaline; pterostignna
brownish- to blackish grey, slightly widening distal ly,
approxinnately twice as long as wide and overlying
1 cell; 14/12 postnodals; a transverse crossvein
descending fronn distal nnargin of discoidal cell to
wing nnargin; CuP reaching wing nnargin approxi¬
nnately 1/2 length of first cell following discoidal
cell. Abdonnen - Terga 1 and 2 dorsally black,
laterally pale to sonnewhat darker brownish yellow;
terga 3-9 dorsally broadly black, latero-ventrally
pale brownish yellow, only tergunn 3 with indica¬
tion of snnall pale basal spot each side; segnnent
10 largely black, nnerging into yellowish brown only
ventrally. Sterna largely blackish brown, nnerging
into brownish yellow apically. Ovipositor reaching
slightly nnore than length of SIO beyond SIO; ter-
ebra brown; valves pale brownish yellow. Anal ap-
Figures 12-15. Nososticta manuscola Theischinger, Richards, 2015 12 - Prothorax, lateral view; 13-14: Posterior
lobe of pronotunn: 13 - frontal view; 14 - dorsal view; 15 - Synthorax, frontal, lateral, ventral view.
498
Theischinger, G. & Richards, S.J.: Insular odonates in Melanesia: a new species of dannselfly fronn Manus Island ...
(plates 101-103)
pendages black. Measurennents [nnnn] - Hindwing
19.3-19.5; abdonnen 30.5-30.9.
Habitat: On Manus Island N. manuscola reaches
high densities along clear streanns in forest, and on
MtSabonnu it occurred in synnpatry with Drepanost-
icta gazelle sp. nov., described above. It also per¬
sists in disturbed habitats, including forest and gar¬
den regrowth in the vicinity of streanns. The species
appears to be endennic to Manus Island, although
its occurrence on other islands in the archipelago
cannot be discounted. It was not encountered on
Mussau Island to the north-east of Manus during
a survey there in 2014 (Richards et al. 2015) and
it has not been reported fronn northern nnainland
New Guinea or the Bisnnarck Archipelago (e.g.
Gassnnann 2015). Despite its linnited known dis¬
tribution, the ability of N. manuscola to persist in
degraded habitats suggests that the future of this
endennic species is probably secure.
Discussion: Nososticta manuscola is the only
nnennber of this speciose and widespread Austra-
lopapuan genus known fronn the Adnniralty Archi¬
pelago. In the original description (Theischinger &
Richards 2015), N. manuscola was considered to
be nnostsinnilarto N. marina (Ris, 1913), a species
fronn southern nnainland and insular New Guinea.
Exannination of the additional nnaterial reported
here confirnns the distinctiveness of these two spe¬
cies. In particular the presence of a transverse
crossvein descending fronn the distal nnargin of the
discoidal cell in the wings of N. manuscola clearly
distinguishes this species fronn N. marina (which
lacks this crossvein). There also appear to be con¬
sistent differences in size and shape of the ante-
hunneral patch. In nnale N. manuscola it is shaped
like a ‘tear-drop’ (Plate 102 fig. 2) and extends just
1/3 of the length of the nnesanepisternunn, which
is nnarkedly shorter than in N. marina where the
narrowly oval-shaped patch extends fronn slightly
less than, to slightly nnore than, V2 the length of the
nnesanepisternunn (e.g. photo 8 in Theischinger &
Richards 2016).
Acknowledgements
Fieldwork on Manus Island was facilitated by
the Wildlife Conservation Society and PNG Depart-
nnent of Environnnent and Conservation (DEC; now
Conservation and Environnnent Protection Author¬
ity), with support fronn the Critical Ecosystenn Part¬
nership Fund. The survey was nnade possible with
the support and hospitality of the leaders, coun¬
cillors and residents of Tulu 1 and Piri Villages on
Manus Island. Barnabas Wiinnott (DEC) issued the
export pernnit for odonate specinnens, Peter Hud¬
son (South Australian Museunn, Adelaide) provided
registration nunnbers for type nnaterial, and Nathan
Whitnnore not only organised an excellent field
survey but also nnagically produced freshly baked
bread under a tarpaulin on the sunnnnit of Mt Sa-
bonnu.
We thank Dirk Gassnnan (Zoologisches Forsc-
hungsnnuseunn Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Gernnany)
for reading the nnanuscript and providing helpful
connnnents.
References
Gassnnann D. 2015. Odonata recorded fronn northeast¬
ern Papua New Guinea including the Bisnnarck Ar¬
chipelago in May to July 1997. - Faunistic Studies
in South-East Asian and Pacific isiand Odonata 10:
1-46.
Kalkman V.J., Orr A.G. 2013. Field guide to the damsel-
flies of New Guinea. - Brachytron 16 (Supplement):
3-120.
Lieftinck M.A. 1932. The dragonflies (Odonata) of New
Guinea and neighbouring islands. I. Descriptions
of new genera and species of the families Lestidae
and Agrionidae. - Nova Guinea 15, No 3: 485-602.
Orr A.G., Kalkman V.J. 2015. Field Guide to the dragon¬
flies of New Guinea. - Brachytron 17 (Supplement):
3-156.
Michalski J. 2012. A manuai for the identification of the
dragonfiies and damseifiies of New Guinea, Maiu-
ku, and the Soiomon isiands. Kanduanum Books,
Morristown, NJ: 561 pp.
Richards S.J., Theischinger G., Tamarua W. 2015. Chap¬
ter 3: Dragonflies and damseifiies (Odonata) of
Manus and Mussau Islands: 27-30. In: Whitmore
N. (ed.) A rapid biodiversity survey of Papua New
Guinea’s Manus and Mussau isiands. Wildlife Con¬
servation Society PNG Program, Goroka: 85 pp.
Theischinger G., Richards S.J. 2005. Two new species
of Drepanosticta Laidlaw from Papua New Guinea
(Zygoptera: Platystictidae). - Odonatoiogica 34, No
3: 307-312.
Theischinger G., Richards S.J. 2015. The genus Nosost¬
icta Hagen (Odonata: Platycnemididae) from the
Papuan region with descriptions often new species
group taxa. - Odonatoiogica 44, No 1/2: 153-224.
Theischinger G., Richards S.J. 2016. Six new species of
Nososticta Hagen, 1860 from Papua New Guinea
(Odonata: Platycnemididae). - Odonatoiogica 45,
No 3/4: 291-316.
Watson J.A.L., O’Farrell F.A. 1991. Odonata (dragonflies
and damseifiies): 294-310. In: CSIRO (ed.) The in¬
sects ofAustraiia. 2^^ edition. Melbourne University
Press, Melbourne: 1137 pp.
Received: 29.12.2016.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
500
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
Flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Philippines,
Soiomon isiands, Waiiacea and New Guinea
F. Christian Thompson Ximo Mengual Andrew D. Young
Jeffrey H. Skevington ^
1 - Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C., U.S.A.; e-mail: xelaalex@comcast.net
2 - Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-lnstitut fur Biodiversitat der
Tiere, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113, Bonn, Germany; e-mail: x.mengual@leibniz-zfmk.de
3 - Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-
Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON KIA 0C6, Canada and
Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON KIS 5B6, Canada;
e-mails: adyoung@gmail.com (corresponding author), jhskevington@gmail.com
Abstract: The flower flies of the Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea and New Guinea are reviewed. An overview
of the fannily is given followed by a key to the genera with a synopsis of each genus. Two new connbinations are nnade:
Matsumyia cyaniventris (Sack, 1926) connb. nov. (fornnerly Criorhina cyaniventris) and Citrogramma calceata (Sack,
1926) connb. nov. (fornnerly Xant/nogramma calceata).
Keywords: Diptera, Brachycera, Syrphidae, Philippines, Wallacea, New Guinea, Solonnon Islands, identification key,
Indomalayan (Oriental) Region.
Introduction
Flower flies are an abundant and critical com¬
ponent of terrestrial ecosystems. They are found
from northernmost Greenland to the subantarctic
islands (South Georgia), with the greatest species
richness in the Neotropics. As their common name
indicates, adults are flowers visitors. The immature
feeding modes range from predaceous (feeding on
sternorrhynchous bugs), to wood borers, to aquatic
filter-feeders and to specialized inquilines in social
hymenopteran colonies. These flies are favourites
among amateurs, especially in Europe.
Acronyms used in the text:
Is. - Island or islands;
PSWNG - Phillippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea, and
New Guinea.
Diagnosis
Small to large flies (body length 4-25 mm).
Fully winged; usually with holoptic males (Fig. 5,
plate 169 fig. 3, plate 169 fig. 7); females (Fig. 5,
plate 170 fig. 7, plate 171 fig. 1) and some males
(Plate 169 fig. 5) dichoptic; three ocelli present; an¬
tenna short to elongate, with distinct scape, pedi¬
cel, basoflagellomere, and apical style (Plate 167
fig. 1) or dorsal to subbasal arista (Fig. 3, plate 167
figs 3-7); without head bristles, rarely with bristles
on thorax (Cheilosia, Graptomyza, Ornidia and Volu-
cellay, plumula (fringed posteroventral extension of
subalar sclerite) short to long, rarely absent. Wing
with large basal cells r, bm, and cup; with closed
apical cell (cell r^^^) (Figs 7-8, plate 172 figs 1-10);
spurious vein usually present between radial and
medial fields (absent in Graptomyza, Psilota, and
Syritta flaviventris in the PSWNG area) (Plate 172
figs 7, 9); calypter usually well developed. Abdomen
slender or petiolate (Plate 169 fig. 1) to elongate
(Plate 169 fig. 5) or oval (Plate 170 figs 1, 3).
Third instar larvae (Figs 20-23) and puparia
are easily recognized by the following combination
of characters: anal segment bearing single, sclero-
tized breathing tube; anus on anteroventral margin
of anal segment, not separated from it by trans¬
verse integumental fold; dorsum of prothorax with
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
longitudinal folds (inconspicuous in nnicrodontines
and sonne syrphines).
Four basic fornns of larvae exist: (1) Microdont-
inae: nnandibles at apex of head skeleton, bladelike
with serrated ventral nnargins. Larva hennispheric,
with distinct lateral fringe (Fig. 20). Mesothorax,
prothorax, and nnouthparts concealed in ventral
pocket of nnetathorax, which consequently fornns
anterior nnargin of larva. Anal segnnent and poste¬
rior respiratory process short. (2) Syrphinae and
Pipizinae: apex of head skeleton consists of elon¬
gated, thin, and tapered labrunn and labiunn fornn-
ing black sclerotized upper and lower rods; nnan¬
dibles thin and stylet-like and appear on each side
of these rods. Anal segnnent and posterior respi¬
ratory process short. (3) Rhingiini and Merodon-
tini: nnandibles also at apex of head skeleton but
hook-like in fornn and projecting fronn nnouth. Anal
segnnent and posterior respiratory process usual¬
ly short. (4) Eristalinae, exclusive of Rhingiini and
Merodontini: nnandibles reduced and inconspicu¬
ous. With specialized pouch-like structure, fornned
fronn nnandibles and their lobes. Anal segnnent usu¬
ally elongate, extended, and partially retractile (Figs
22-23). Prolegs with crochets (Fig. 22), except in
nnost eunnerines and cheilosines and lacking in syr¬
phines, pipizinesand nnicrodontines.
Syrphid flies are easily recognized by a connbi-
nation of large basal cells (cells r, bnn, and cup) with
a closed apical cell (cell r^^^) (Figs 7-8, plate 172
figs 1-10). A long spurious vein between the radial
and nnedial sectors is a useful diagnostic character,
but is not found in all species, and shorter spurious
veins are found in sonne Conopidae.
Biology
Most syrphid flies visit flowers, and nnany are
pollinators, although the nnicrodontines (Cheng &
Thonnpson 2008) are only found in association with
ant colonies. Males hover or rest near flowers and/
or breeding sites awaiting fennales. Syrphid larvae
have a wide range of niches. Saprophages occur
in all types of wet environ nnents, fronn tree sap to
bronneliads, decaying plant parts, and specialized
niches such as the refuse dunnps of Atta leaf-cutter
ants. Predatory species also vary in the niches oc¬
cupied. Sonne live concealed in ant nests, attacking
the early stages of ants or other nnyrnnecophiles.
Many syrphines live on plants, attacking colonial
insects such as sternorrhynchous Flenniptera. Giv¬
en this diversity, we have included in the synopsis
below nnore specific infornnation on the biology of
each group.
Because of the diverse life histories of flower
flies, they are of great innportance. Adult flies are
beneficial pollinators (Ssynnank & Kearns 2009;
Ssynnank et al. 2009; Inouye et al. 2015), sonne be¬
ing used for greenhouse pollination of flowers and
seed-producing plants (Jarlan et al. 1997; Rader
et al. 2016). A nunnber of the predaceous species
are valuable biological control agents of plant pests
on agricultural crops (Tenhunnberg & Poehling,
1995; Bergh & Short 2008; Nelson et al. 2012),
and phytophagous species {Cheilosia) have been
used for weed control (Grosskopf 2005). Sonne of
the saprophagous species {Palpada, Ornidia) have
been used to recycle wastes fronn coffee and or¬
ange Juice production. In Europe, syrphids are used
as ecological indicators to assess environnnental
quality (Sonnnnaggio, 1999; Sonnnnaggio & Burgio
2014). A few species {Eumerus and Merodon) are
pests of ornannental flowers (Ben-Yakir et al. 1997;
Tonnpsett 2002; Alford 2012), and occasionally
sonne eristaline species cause accidental nnyiasis
(Aguilera et al. 1999; Ferrer Bradley et al. 2010).
Phylogenetic relationships
The nnonophyletic order Diptera is divided in
a series of groups but nnonophyly has only been
supported for a few of these groups, e.g. Cyclor-
rhapha (Griffiths 1972; Stoffolano et al. 1988;
McAlpine 1989; Cunnnning et al. 1995; Melzer et
al. 1995; Wiegnnann et al. 2003, 2011; Lannbkin et
al. 2013). Cyclorrhapha was previously divided into
Schizophora and Aschiza, the latter now believed
to be a paraphyletic grouping of fannilies including
Pipunculidae and Syrphidae (Collins & Wiegnnann
2002; Moulton & Wiegnnann 2004, 2007; Wieg¬
nnann et al. 2011; Young et al. 2016). Syrphidae
has long been considered to be the sister group to
Pipunculidae, fornning the superfannily Syrphoidea
(e.g. Brauer 1883; Flennig 1948; Griffiths 1972;
McAlpine 1989; Cunnnning et al. 1995; Skevington
& Yeates 2000; Rotheray & Gilbert 2008), and both
were suggested to be the sister group of Schizopho¬
ra. But recent nnorphological (Tachi 2014) and
nnolecular analyses (Collins & Wiegnnann 2002;
Moulton & Wiegnnann 2004; Wiegnnann et al.
2011; Young et al. 2016) resolve Pipunculidae as
the sister group of Schizophora, depicting Syrphoi¬
dea as paraphyletic.
The fannily Syrphidae has traditionally been
divided into three subfannilies: Microdontinae, Eri¬
stalinae and Syrphinae (Vockeroth & Thonnpson
502
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
1987). Nevertheless, the pipizines, a tribe of histor¬
ically uncertain placennent (Vujic et al. 2013), has
recently been elevated to subfannilial level (Men¬
gual et al. 2015). Current tribal classification, with
15 recognized tribes, has not been generally ac¬
cepted or fully supported by nnolecular characters
(Mengual et al. 2008, 2015; Young et al. 2016).
Microdontinae is resolved as sister to the rest
of the fannily in nnost phylogenetic analyses (Thonnp-
son 1969; Skevington & Yeates 2000; Stahls et al.
2003; Rotheray & Gilbert 2008; Mengual et al.
2015; Young et al. 2016), and the tribe Sphegi-
nobacchini is placed as the sister group of the re-
maining nnicrodontines (Stahls et al. 2003; Hippa
& Stahls 2005; Reenner & Stahls 2013b; Mengual
et al. 2015).
In recent nnolecular and nnorphological analy¬
ses, the pipizines are resolved as sister to the other
syrphines (Stahls et al. 2003; Rotheray & Gilbert
2008; Mengual et al. 2015; Young et al. 2016). This
phylogenetic placennent suggests a connnnon pred¬
atory ancestor for Pipizinae and Syrphinae, with the
particular larval feeding mode on soft-bodied he-
mipteran and other arthropods evolving only once
in the evolution of the Syrphidae. Current tribes
within Syrphinae receive no support from com¬
bined molecular and morphological data (Mengual
etal. 2008, 2015).
The subfamily Eristalinae has been recovered
as para- or polyphyletic in most recent analyses (Ro¬
theray & Gilbert 1999; Skevington & Yeates 2000;
Stahls et al. 2003; Hippa & Stahls 2005; Mengual
et al. 2015; Young et al. 2016). However, the re¬
lationships among the eristaline tribes have never
been studied in detail for the entire group (Thomp¬
son 1972a, 1975; Rotheray & Gilbert 1999; Men¬
gual et al. 2015), and more effort with a broader
taxon sampling is needed to infer the relationships
among them.
Classification
While some authors (Thompson 1969, 1972a;
Speight 1987) have split off the basal clade of Syr¬
phidae, recognizing two separate families (Micro-
dontidae and Syrphidae), the monophyletic status
and contents of the Syrphidae sensu lato have re¬
mained unchanged since the group was first recog¬
nized by Latreille (1802).
There are 202 genera and 96 non-typic sub¬
genera of Syrphidae currently recognized in the
world, 77 of which occur in the PSWNG subregion.
The current tribal division of the family is based
mostly on adult morphological characters and lar¬
val biology (Vockeroth 1969, 1992; Thompson
1972a; Thompson & Rotheray 1998). However,
character evidence from the immature stages sup¬
ports a slightly different view (Rotheray & Gilbert
1999; Katzourakis et al. 2001), and new data from
molecular sequences when used in a total evidence
analysis strongly suggest that neither immature
nor adult characters provide a complete picture of
the relationships among the genera of flower flies
(Stahls et al. 2003; Mengual et al. 2015; Young et
al. 2016). Fifteen tribes are recognized: Microdonti-
ni and Spheginobacchini, in Microdontinae; Brachy-
opini, Callicerini, Cerioidini, Eristalini, Merodontini,
Milesiini, Rhingiini, Sericomyiini, and Volucellini, in
Eristalinae; and Bacchini, Paragini, Syrphini and
Toxomerini, in Syrphinae. The subfamily Pipizinae
has no tribal subdivision. Three clades (subfamilies
Microdontinae, Pipizinae and Syrphinae) are sup¬
ported as monophyletic based on current evidence,
but the Eristalinae is not. Until further evidence is
available to test this hypothesis, we will continue
to follow a four subfamilies classification while rec¬
ognizing that the Eristalinae is likely either poly- or
paraphyletic.
Fossils
No fossils of flower flies are known from the
Wallacea-New Guinea area. Fossils are known from
Florissant shales (Eocene / Oligocene) in North
America, Baltic amber, French and German depos¬
its (Eocene / Oligocene / Miocene) and Sarmatian
limestones in Croatia (Miocene) in Europe; and Do¬
minican amber (Oligocene/Miocene) in the West
Indies (Hull 1945, 1960; Evenhuis 1994).
Identification
No key to the genera for the Indomalayan [Ori¬
ental] or Australian Regions as a whole exist, but a
couple of older works exist for subregions. Walker
(1861, 1865) catalogued and described Diptera
from New Guinea. Osten Sacken (1882) described
Diptera from the Philippines. Edwards & Aus¬
ten (1915) further described Diptera from Dutch
[Papua] New Guinea. Brunetti (1923) revised the
flower flies of British India. Sack (1926) described
Syrphidae from the Philippines and Malaysia. In a
series of studies, Curran (1928, 1931a, 1931b)
revised the syrphid fauna of Malaysia, and Gua¬
dalcanal (Curran 1947). Ferguson (1926a, 1926b)
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
and Hardy (1933, Syrphinae) revised the Australian
fauna. Keiser (1952) described sonne Syrphidae
fronn Sunnba, Sunnbawa, Flores, and Tinnor. Shi-
raki (1963) revised the flower flies of Micronesia,
and previously the fauna of Taiwan (Shiraki 1930).
Doesburg (1966) described Syrphidae fronn New
Guinea and Australia. More recently, Ohara & Ku-
sigennati (1985) described several species of Syr¬
phidae fronn Solonnon Islands and New Guinea and
Mengual & Thonnpson (2010) provide a species list
of Syrphidae found in Papua, Indonesia.
General infornnation on syrphid larvae can be
found in Rotheray (1993) and references therein.
No treatnnents of innnnatures for the Indonnalayan or
Australian regions exist. Only the treatnnents of the
innnnatures of the Nearctic (Heiss 1938; Johanssen
1935) and European (Rotheray 1993; Rotheray &
Gilbert 1999) regions exist.
Identification key to Phiiippine, Soiomon Isiands,
Waiiacea and New Guinea fiower fiy groups
The following key and generic annotations in¬
clude all species known fronn the Philippines, Solo¬
nnon Islands, Wallacea and New Guinea (see Map
1). For basic nnorphological ternninology please re¬
fer to Figs 1-10.
1 Post nn eta coxa I bridge narrow but connplete, face con¬
vex to straight in profile, never with long frontal pronni-
nence. Anterior anepisternunn pilose. Antenna usually
elongate, with scape and usually also basoflagellonnere
more than 2.5 times as long as wide (Plate 167 fig. 2).
Eye bare [Microdontinae] . 9
- Postmetacoxal bridge usually absent or incomplete,
but if present then broad and face either concave, tu-
berculate, or with long frontal prominence. Anterior an-
episternum pilose or bare. Antenna usually short; scape
usually at most twice as long as wide; basoflagellomere
usually rounded or oval. Eye bare or pilose . 2
2 Postpronotum bare (see fig. 9). Head posteriorly
strongly convex and closely oppressed to thorax so that
postpronota are partly or entirely hidden. Male abdomen
with tergum 5 visible in dorsal view and varying in form
of a subquadrate or subtriangular to short transverse
sclerite (Plate 169 figs 1, 3, 5) [Syrphinae] . 19
- Postpronotum pilose (see fig. 9). Head posteriorly less
strongly convex so that postpronota are clearly exposed.
Male abdomen with tergum 5 not visible in dorsal view
(Plate 169 fig. 7, plate 170 figs 1, 3, 5, 7, plate 171 figs
1, 3, 5, 7) . 3
3 Antenna with terminal stylus (Plate 167 fig. 1) [Cerioi-
dini] . 76
- Antenna with dorsal arista, with arista basal or sub-
basal, never at apex (Plate 167 figs 3-10) . 4
4 Vein R^^^ moderately to strongly sinuate (Plate 172 figs
1, 4) . 50
- Vein R^^g straight or nearly so, not sinuate (Plate 172
figs 5, 7-10) . 5
5. Arista plumose or pectinate, with pile at least 3 times
as long as basal diameter of arista (Plate 167 fig. 7) [Vo-
lucellini] . 48
- Arista bare or pubescent, with pile never more than
twice as long as basal diameter of arista (Plate 167 fig.
9) . 6
6. Vein M^ recessive anteriorly and with external appen¬
dices; cell r2^3open at wing margin (Plate 172 fig. 5).
Arista bare. Anepisternum with anterior flattened portion
pilose . Eumerus
- Vein M^ usually processive anteriorly. If slightly reces¬
sive, then never with external appendices. Anepisternum
usually bare anteriorly . 7
7 Eye bare . 78
- Eye pilose . 8
8 Oral margin evenly rounded, not notched anteromedi¬
al ly; facial groove reduced to a pit (Plate 167 fig. 12).
Abdominal terga 2 and 3 large; tergum 4 very short, less
than 1/4 as long as tergum 3. Subscutellar fringe pres¬
ent (as in fig. 17) [Pipizinae] . Triglyphus
- Oral margin notched anteromedially; facial groove
elongate, not forming a small round pit (Plate 167 fig.
11). Abdomen not as such. Subscutellar fringe present
or absent . 74
9 Vein R^^^ with an appendix extending posteriorly into
cell r^^g (Plate 172 fig. 3) . 11
- Vein R^^g without such an appendix . 10
10 Transverse suture incomplete medially; anepister¬
num pilose only on anterodorsal corner and narrowly
along posterior edge; metasternum usually pilose (as in
fig. 16) . Paramicrodon
-Transverse suture distinct, continuous across scutum;
anepisternum uniformly pilose, without bare medial
area; metasternum bare . Indascia
11 Postpronotum bare . 18
- Postpronotum pilose . 12
12 Basoflagellomere greatly elongated, four or more
times longer than scape, narrow, six or more times lon¬
ger than broad. Scutellum unarmed. Abdomen elongate,
widest apically; with only 3 segments visible dorsally;
tergum 4 hidden dorsally by shield-like sides of tergum
3, vertical, and appearing as hypopygium; hypopygium
concealed, only visible ventrally . Kryptopyga
- Basoflagellomere shorter, less than four times as long
as scape . 13
13 Vein M^ (apical crossvein) strongly recurrent on an¬
terior 1/3, usually with an appendix (Plate 172 fig. 3).
Second abdominal segment with anterior margin rectan¬
gular; abdomen broadly triangular, broadest at base ....
. Chymophila
- Vein M^ straight or rounded, not angulate, without an
appendix. Second abdominal segment usually without
rectangular anterior margin . 14
14 Antenna quite short, shorter than distance between
antennal fossa and anterior oral margin .
504
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
. Archimicrodon
- Antenna longer, scape and basoflagellonnere several
to nnany tinnes longer than pedicel . 15
15 Tergunn 2 with a pair of depressed areas. Pro- and
mesofennora with basoanterior patches of dense short
spinose pile . Parocyptamus
- Tergunn 2 without depressed areas. Fennora without
such patches of pile . 16
16 Anepisternunn extensively bare ventrally and nnedi-
ally, with bare part reaching dorsad to above half the
height of the anepisternunn . Microdon
- Anepisternunn with bare part limited to ventral half of
the anepisternum, or entirely pilose . 17
17 Tergum 1 well-developed, especially on disc where
it is frequently 1/2 as long as tergum 2 and always ex¬
tends beyond scutellum; semicircular in shape with hind
margin very rounded. Eye short pilose or bare .
. Heliodon
- Tergum 1 greatly reduced, frequently almost linear on
disc and practically covered by scutellum. Eye bare .
. Metadon
18 Abdomen oval. Basoflagellomere 6 times as long as
pedicel . Bardistopus
- Abdomen petiolate; tergum 2 flattened, sometimes
constricted or with large basolateral pale macula; terga
3 and 4 (males) or 5 (females) forming a club. Basoflag¬
ellomere 3 to 5 times as long scape .
. Paramixogaster
19 Anterior anepisternum bare . 23
- Anterior anepisternum pilose at least posterodorsally
. 20
20 Posterior wing margin without sclerotized black mac¬
ulae. Abdomen petiolate . Petioleomyia
- Wing with a series of minute closely spaced black mac¬
ulae on posterior margin (fig. 19). Abdomen petiolate,
parallel-sided or oval . 21
21 Metasternum pilose . Episyrphus
- Metasternum bare . 22
22 Abdomen oval to parallel-sided, never petiolate; ter¬
gum 2 always less than twice as long as its apical width.
Metaepisternum bare; anterior anepisternum generally
pilose . Meliscaeva
- Abdomen petiolate; tergum 2 more than 6 times as
long as its apical width (Plate 169 figs 1-2); Metaepister¬
num pilose ventrad to spiracle; anterior anepisternum
with a single row or patch of pile posterodorsally .
. Asiobaccha
23 Costa with strong black swelling at extreme base;
alula narrow (Plate 172 fig. 6). Face produced strongly
anteriorly. Metasternum bare. Male broadly dichoptic
(Plate 169 figs 5-6) . Giluwea
- Costa simple basally, without such black swelling. Face
variable. Metasternum pilose or bare. Male holoptic or
dichoptic . 24
24 Abdomen parallel-sided to oval, never distinctly peti¬
olate . 26
- Abdomen elongate, strongly petiolate; tergum 2 nar¬
rower than tergum 3 . 25
25 Postmetacoxa I bridge usually incomplete. Postprono-
tum and/or anterior anepisternum pilose; laterotergite
dorsally with a patch of long pile . Allobaccha, in part
- Postmetacoxa I bridge complete. Postpronotum, ante¬
rior anepisternum, and laterotergite all bare .... Baccha
26 Face and scutellum entirely black in background co¬
lour. Abdomen without marginal sulcus. Metasternum
bare (fig. 15). Eye bare . 45
- Face or scutellum or both, at least partly yellow or yel¬
lowish brown in background colour, both never entirely
black. Abdomen, metasternum, and eye variable . 27
27 Tergum 1 greatly reduced, frequently almost linear
on disc and practically covered by scutellum, sublateral ly
at most 1/2 as long as tergum 2; terga not punctate. Eye
and metasternum variable. Length 6 mm or more .. 30
- Tergum 1 well-developed, especially on disc where it is
frequently 1/2 as long as tergum 2 and always extends
well beyond scutellum, sublaterally about 3/4 as long as
tergum 2; terga minutely punctate. Eye pilose. Metaster¬
num bare. Length 7.5 mm or less [Paragini] . 28
28 Eye uniformly pilose. Scutellum entirely black .
. Pandasyopthalmus
- Eye with vertical alternate vittae (bands) of pile reflect¬
ing light differently (Plate 167 fig. 8). Scutellum black
with apex narrowly yellow or reddish . 29
29 Scutellum with conspicuous teeth on posterior mar¬
gin. Eye in dorsolateral view with two dark and three
more distinct white pile vittae . Serratoparagus
- Scutellum with apical margin simple, without teeth.
Eye with two white pile vittae among dark pile ... Paragus
30 Metathoracic pleuron with a tuft of fine hairs ventrad
to spiracle; metasternum pilose. Vein distinctly sinu¬
ate. Large species with broad flattened abdomens with
distinct marginal sulcus . Asarkina
- Metathoracic pleuron bare ventrad to spiracle; meta¬
sternum variable. Vein straight or sinuate. Size and
abdominal shape variable . 31
31 Scutum with at most a poorly defined dull yellow pol-
linose lateral vitta; ground colour black . 38
- Scutum with a sharply-defined, contrasting shiny yel¬
low or whitish yellow lateral or sublateral vitta extending
at least from postpronotum to transverse scuta I suture;
ground colour yellow . 32
32 Abdomen without marginal sulcus . 35
- Abdomen with at least a weak marginal sulcus on ter¬
ga 4 and 5, often with a strong sulcus on terga 3-5 ... 33
33 Basoflagellomere elongate, from 1.6 to 2.0 times
as long as broad. Male metatrochanter with ventral cal¬
car. Wing extensively bare, bare on basal 2/3 and only
sparsely microtrichose on apical 1/3. Eye bare .
. Ischiodon
- Basoflagellomere oval, at most 1.3 times as long as
broad. Male metatrochanter simple. Wing extensively
microtrichose, with moderate bare areas on basal 1/3,
densely microtrichose on apical 1/3. Eye bare or pilose
. 34
34 Subscutellar pile fringe absent. Lateral mesonotal
yellow vitta does not reach yellow of scutellum; scutel¬
lum always black basally. Metasternum bare .
. Xanthogramma
505
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
- Subscutellar pile fringe present. Lateral nnesonotal yel¬
low vitta reaches yellow of scutellunn; scutellunn yellow,
with or without nnedial black nnacula. Metasternunn usu¬
ally pilose . Citrogramma, in part
35 Metasternunn pilose . 37
- Metasternunn bare . 36
36 Vein M^ (apical crossvein) perpendicular to near¬
ly straight, widely divergent from wing margin. Scutellum
subtriangular. Abdomen without marginal sulcus. Male
narrowly dichoptic . Eosphaerophoria
- Vein M^ progressive, oblique, slightly sinuous, parallel
with wing margin or nearly so. Scutellum rounded. Abdo¬
men with weak marginal sulcus on tergum 5. Male ho-
loptic . Citrogramma, in part
37 Subscutellar pile fringe complete, well -developed,
moderately dense. Male terminalia small, inconspicu¬
ous; tergum 9 at most 1/3 as wide as abdomen .
. Allograpta
- Subscutellar fringe absent or nearly so on at least me¬
dian 1/3, present but sparse laterally. Male terminalia
extremely large, globose; tergum 9 as wide as abdomen
. Sphaerophoria
38 Wing with distinct transverse brown vitta at mid length
extending from costa to posterior margin, about 1/3 of
wing width (Plate 172 fig. 10); sparsely haired flies with
Syrphus-Wke abdominal pattern of broad transverse yel¬
low fasciae . Dideopsis
- Wing without transverse dark vitta, unmarked except
forstigmal darkening or rarely with costal area longitudi¬
nally darkened and with dark anteroapical macula .... 39
39 Metasternum pilose . 44
- Metasternum bare . 40
40 Abdomen with weak but distinct marginal sulcus,
oval . 42
- Abdomen without sulcus, slender and parallel-sided
or narrowly oval . 41
41 Metacoxa with tuft of pile at posteromedial apical
angle. Face not produced or prominent below. Male ho-
loptic . Melangyna
- Metacoxa without posteromedial apical pile tuft. Face
moderately produced anteriorly. Male dichoptic .
. Melanosyrphus, in part
(pale areas on face are easily missed in some speci¬
mens)
42 Katepisternum pile patches distinctly separately pos¬
teriorly (as in fig. 13). Abdomen with pale yellow or gray¬
ish maculae, always very densely pollinose. Face dense¬
ly grayish pollinose. Eye densely and uniformly pilose ...
. Betasyrphus
- Katepisternum pile patches narrowly to broadly joined
posteriorly (fig. 11). Abdomen with bright yellow macu¬
lae, at most very slightly pollinose. If face densely pol¬
linose, then eye distinctly pilose only on dorsal half ... 43
43 Eye densely pilose throughout or nearly so .
. Dasysyrphus
- Eye with dense pile only on dorsal half, nearly bare
ventrally . Epistrophe
44 Metacoxa without a tuft of pile poste relate rally. Kat¬
episternum with dorsal and ventral pile patches very
nearly confluent anteriorly, distinctly separated posteri¬
orly . Macrosyrphus
- Metacoxa with a tuft of pile poste relate rally. Katepi¬
sternum with pile patches broadly separated anteriorly,
narrowly Joined posteriorly (Plate 169 fig. 3-4) .
. Dideoides
45 Metaepisternum with several fine subappressed
hairs; katepisternum with pile patches broadly sepa¬
rated posteriorly. Joined anteriorly. Metacoxa with tuft of
pile at posteromedial apical angle . Xanthandrus
- Metaepisternum bare; katepisternal pile patches
broadly separated throughout. Metacoxa without pos¬
teromedial apical pile tuft . 46
46 Metasternum greatly reduced, with deep posterior
incision laterally so that sclerotized portion consists of
a median diamond-shaped area with a narrow anterior
and lateral strips (fig. 14). Face not produced below, with
small tubercle. Male legs slender, without bristles, pile
tufts or modified hairs . Melanostoma
- Metasternum entire (fig. 15). Face moderately pro¬
duced anteriorly, with distinct tubercle . 47
47 Male holoptic, with proleg modified, either broadened,
or with special bristles, pile tufts or modified hairs. Face
not greatly produced anteroventrally (Indomalayan) .
. Platycheirus
- Male dichoptic, with unmodified legs. Face strongly
produced anteroventrally (New Guinea) .
. Melanosyrphus, in part
(pale areas on face are easily missed in some speci¬
mens)
48 Cell r^ open, not petiolate; vein M^ [apical crossvein]
perpendicular or slightly recessive (Plate 172 fig. 7). Kat-
epimeron bare . Graptomyza, in part
- Cell r^ petiolate; vein M^ strongly recessive anteriorly
(Plate 172 fig. 8). Katepimeron pilose . 49
49 Face with medial and two lateral tubercles. Notopleu-
ron enlarged, produced posteriorly. Anepimeron pilose
posteriorly. Shiny metallic green to purple flies .... Ornidia
- Face with only a medial tubercle. Notopleuron normal,
not produced. Anepimeron bare posteriorly. Non-metal-
lic flies . Volucella
50 Vein M^ usually processive anteriorly. If slightly reces¬
sive, then arista plumose or cell r2^3 petiolate. Anepister-
num usually bare anteriorly . 52
- Vein M^ recessive anteriorly; cell r^^gOpen at wing mar¬
gin (Plate 172 fig. 5). Arista bare. Anepisternum with an¬
terior flattened portion pilose . 51
51 Scutellum broad, short, about four times as broad as
long, as wide as head (Plate 170 figs 3-4). Vein M^ with¬
out external appendixes . Azpeytia
- Scutellum more quadrate, about twice as long as
broad, with its width less than that of head. Vein M^ of¬
ten with external appendixes . Eumerus
52 Metathoracic spiracle with a double row of protec¬
tive pile (an outer and inner row of branched pile closing
the spiracle), large, often larger than basoflagellomere.
Large robust flies, 15 mm or larger, mimicking wasps
and hornets . Miles! a
- Metathoracic spiracle with only a single row of protec-
506
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
live pile, snnall, snnallerthan basoflagellonnere. Mediunn
sized flies, about 15 nnnn or snnaller . 53
53 Cell r^ petiolate, closed before reaching wing nnargin
. 60
- Cell r^ open at wing nnargin . 54
54 Postalar pile tuft present . Pseuderistalis, in part
- Postalar pile tuft absent . 55
55 Katepinneron pilose. Metabasitarsus with globulifer-
ous hairs basoventrally (Plate 168 fig. 1) .. Mesembrius
- Katepinneron bare. Metabasitarsus without such pile
. 56
56 Face straight, without tubercle. Anepimeron with
dorsomedial triangular portion pilose. Pterostigma elon¬
gate . Philippinophilus
- Face tuberculate. Anepimeron with dorsomedial trian¬
gular portion bare. Pterostigma short simulating a cross¬
vein . 57
57 Metafemur with a large ventrobasal spur and sub-
basal excavation; metatibia with ventral carina continu¬
ing into apical spur (Plate 168 fig. 7) . Tigridemyia
- Metafemur without spur and excavation; metatibia
without apical spur . 58
58 Clypeus pilose . Mai lota
- Clypeus bare . 59
59 Mesonotum without distinctive pollinose ground pat¬
tern . Imatisma
- Mesonotum with distinctive pattern of pollinose vittae
and maculae (Plate 169 figs 7-8) . Austrophilus
60 Anepimeron with dorsomedial triangular portion
bare
64
- Anepimeron with dorsomedial triangular portion pi¬
lose . 61
61 Postalar pile tuft absent. Eye bare, without macula-
tion. Wing brown, completely microtrichose. Scutellum
with marginal sulcus . Solenaspis
- Postalar pile tuft present. Eye with maculae or vittae.
Wing hyaline. Scutellum without marginal sulcus .... 62
62 Metafemur thickened, distinctly arcuate (Plate 168
fig. 8); metatibia strongly compressed and carinate on
basoventral 1/3. Eye bare or very finely pilose dorsal-
ly, with pili no longer than ommatidial diameter. Male
metatrochanter with ventral patch of short stiff black
setulae . Merodonoides
- Metafemur at most very slightly thickened, not arcu¬
ate; metatibia neither carinate nor compressed ventral-
ly. Eye usually densely pilose, with pili much longer than
ommatidial diameter. Male metatrochanter simple .... 63
63 Eye fasciate and punctate . Eristalodes
- Eye punctate (Fig. 4c) . Lathyrophthalmus
64 Katepimeron bare . 68
- Katepimeron pilose . 65
65 Meron bare posteroventrally, without pile anterior or
ventrad to metathoracic spiracle. Eye pilose. Arista pi¬
lose . Eristalis
- Meron pilose posteroventrally, with pile anterior or ven¬
trad to spiracle. Eye and arista variable . 66
66 Scutellum without apical sulcus. Metatibia at most
very slightly compressed apically, with apical half not
broader than basal half, without dorsal or ventral pile
fringes . Austalis
- Scutellum with apical sulcus along margin. Metatibia
strongly compressed on apical half, distinctly broader
than basal half, and often with dense dorsal and ventral
fringes of dark hairs . 67
67 Metafemur simple . Phytomia
- Metafemur with apicoventral spur or plate (Plate 168
fig. 3) . Dolichomerus
68 Postalar pile tuft present . 72
- Postalar pile tuft absent . 69
69 Face concave, straight or produced anteroventrally,
without a tubercle (Plate 167 fig. 4, plate 170 fig. 8) ... 71
- Face with distinct tubercle . 70
70 Wing hyaline; basoflagellomere large, much longer
than metathoracic spiracle; katepisternum discontinu-
ously pilose, with a few ventral pili, broadly bare medi¬
ally, pilose on dorsal 1/4; plumula greatly reduced, not
branched . Digulia
- Wing brown on anterior half; basoflagellomere small,
only about as long as metathoracic spiracle; katepister¬
num continuously and densely pilose; plumula well de¬
veloped, multibranched (Plate 170 fig. 1-2) . Axona
71 Mesonotum unicolourous; vein only slightly sinu¬
ate; crossvein r-m basal, before middle of discal cell;
wing partially bare; male dichoptic; body usually with
short thick scale-like pile in addition to long normal pile
(Plate 170 figs 7-8, plate 172 fig. 6) . Dissoptera
- Mesonotum vittate; strongly sinuate; crossvein
r-m apical, beyond middle of discal cell; wing entirely mi¬
crotrichose; male holoptic; body without specialized pile
(Plate 171 figs 1-2) . Keda
72 Scutellum with a moderately strong to very strong
impressed apical margin. Scutellum with well developed
ventral pile fringe; bright metallic bluish to purplish flies
. Kertesziomyia
- Scutellum entirely without apical emarginate rim. Scu-
tellar pile fringe variable; usually nor metallic bluish to
purplish . 73
73 Scutellum densely pilose ventrally on at least baso-
lateral 1/3 or more. Bright coloured flies; face orange;
scutellum bright yellow; legs and abdomen extensively
orange . New Subgenus A
- Scutellum bare ventrally or with at most a very few ven¬
tral pili at extreme basolateral angles .
. Pseuderistalis, in part
74 Vein M^ recessive or perpendicular. Scutellum with
medial concavity, without a distinct marginal sulcus.
Male dichoptic . Graptomyza, in part
- Vein M^ processive (Plate 172 fig. 9). Scutellum with¬
out medial concavity. Male holoptic . 75
75 Face with a distinct medial keel, without a project¬
ing epistoma. Metafemur greatly swollen; metatibia with
a anteroventral apical toothed keel (Plate 167 fig. 10,
plate 171 figs 5-6) . Nepenthosyrphus
- Face without a keel, straight, with a projecting epis¬
toma. Metafemur thin, not swollen; metatibia without
apical spur . Psilota
76 Eye pilose. Postmetacoxa I bridge complete; abdomen
petiolate . Oculovillosa
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
- Eye bare. Postnnetacoxal bridge inconn plete; abdonnen
variable . 77
77 Vein R^^^with an appendix into cell r^^^ (Plate 172 fig.
2). Abdonnen not petiolate . Ceriana
- Vein without appendix. Abdonnen petiolate .
. Monoceromyia
78 Face produced into a long ventral snout (Plate 167
fig. 6). Costal vein continues around apical apex. Femo¬
ra simple, without spines. Anterior anepisternum bare;
metasternum pilose . Rhingia
- Face not produced into a long snout. Costal vein ends
at wing apex. Femora variable . 79
79 Pro- and mesofemora with distinct ventroapical
spines (Plate 168 fig. 6). Vein R^^^with last section much
less than half as long as crossvein h or absent; cell r^^^
closed at wing margin, not petiolate. Small flies, 10 mm
or less . Myolepta
- Pro- and mesofemora without distinct ventral spines
(as in Plate 168 fig. 5); if metafemur with ventral spines,
then vein R^^^with last section longer than crossvein h
and usually longer than crossvein r-m. Anterior anepi¬
sternum usually bare; if pilose, then larger flies, 16 mm
or greater [see M/7es/a], or flies with metafemur greatly
enlarged and with an anteroventral spinose ridge ... 80
80 Metasternum bare . 85
- Metasternum pilose, with hairs as long as or longer
than those of metacoxa . 81
81 Metatrochanter with a large quadrate ventral calcar.
Metafemur swollen, with large subapical ventral spur
and apicoventral spinose ridge; metatibia with antero-
a pica I spur . Calcaretropidia
- Metatrochanter simple. Metafemur variable, but not
as above . 82
82 Wing almost bare on basal 2/3, very sparsely micro-
trichose on apical 1/3. Metaepisternum with a patch of
fine pile; metafemur greatly enlarged, with an anteroven¬
tral spinose ridge on apical 1/3 (Plate 168 fig. 4) .
. Syritta
- Wing entirely microtrichose or with just moderate bare
areas on basal 1/3 or slightly more, densely and uni¬
formly microtrichose on apical 1/3. Metaepisternum pi¬
lose or bare; metafemur variable, without apical spinose
ridge . 83
83 Face produced anteriorly and ventrally, distinctly
concave ventrad to antenna, usually tuberculate; gena
broad. Larger flies, 15 mm or more in length (Plate 167
fig. 5, plate 171 figs 3-4) . Matsumyia
- Face concave, sometimes subcarinate, not tubercu¬
late nor produced anteriorly ventrad to antenna; gena
narrow. Size variable . 84
84 Metafemur slender, with preapical anteroventral
tooth -like process. Face produced anteroventrally, pro¬
jecting beyond antennifer. Scutellum with distinct emar-
ginate rim. Large flies (14-15 mm) (Plate 168 fig. 2, plate
171 figs 7-8) . Paratropidia
- Metafemur swollen, without apicoventral process.
Face concave, not projecting beyond antennifer. Scutel¬
lum without or with indistinct emarginate rim. Smaller
flies (9 mm or less in length) (Plate 170 figs 5-6) .
. Neploneura
85 Abdomen elongate, tergum 2 not narrower than ter-
gum 3 . Xylota
- Abdomen petiolate; tergum 2 narrower than tergum 3
. 86
86 Face concave, not tuberculate. Metafemur swollen,
with apicoventral spines (Plate 168 fig. 4) . Sphegina
- Face tuberculate. Metafemur thin, not swollen nor with
ventral spines . Allobaccha, in part
Synopsis of the fauna
The fannily Syrphidae is found in all biogeo¬
graphic regions fronn the high arctic (northernnnost
Greenland) to the extrenne south (South Georgia)
except absent fronn the Antarctic continent. Over
6300 valid species are recognized and are distrib¬
uted annongsonne 338 groups (genera and subgen¬
era), but nnany nnore species are known and rennain
to be described. In the PSWNG region currently 278
(286) species in 69 (73) genera and subgenera are
recognized (nunnbers in brackets represent these
tallies including known but undescribed species
and genera, see below).
Allobaccha Curran, 1928 (Syrphinae) is a
group of Old World tropical species occurring in
the Afrotropics, Indonnalaya and Australia, with ex¬
tension to Japan (86 total species). The last pub¬
lished key to the species of PSWNG area was Cur¬
ran (1947). Twenty-six species are found in PSWNG
area [amphithoe (Walker, 1849), India to Japan
south to Indonesia (Flores); annulifemur (Meijere,
1913), Indonesia (Central Moluccas: Buru); atra
(Doesburg, 1959), Indonesia (West Papua); basalis
(Walker, 1848), New Guinea; bergi (Curran, 1947),
Solonnon Islands; cochleariformis (Sack, 1926),
Philippines; denhoedi (Doesburg, 1959), Indonesia
(West Papua); incisa (Walker, 1912), Philippines
(Batan Island); keiseri (Goot, 1964), Indonesia
(Lesser Sundas: Sunnbawa); macgregori (Curran,
1929), Philippines (Luzon, Calicoan); meijerei (Ker-
tesz, 1913), Taiwan to Philippines, south to Indone¬
sia (Central Moluccas: Buru, Lesser Sundas: Sunn¬
bawa); moluccana (Doleschall, 1857), Indonesia
(Central Moluccas: Annbon); mundula (Wulp, 1898),
Papua New Guinea; mundulosa (Curran, 1947), Sol¬
onnon Islands; pallida (Meijere, 1908), New Guinea;
perpallida (Curran, 1947), Solonnon Islands; purpu-
rlcola (Walker, 1859), Indonesia (Aru Islands, Kei
Islands); refulgens (Austen, 1893), Indonesia (Cen¬
tral Moluccas: Buru); rubella (Wulp, 1897), Papua
New Guinea, Indonesia (Central Moluccas: Annbon),
Solomons; sapphlrina (Wiedemann, 1830), Africa
508
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
to Taiwan & Papua New Guinea; semilimpida (Dole-
schall, 1858), Indonesia (Moluccas); s/gnata (Sack,
1926), Philippines; sumbana (Keiser, 1952), Indo¬
nesia (Lesser Sundas: Sunnbawa); vespaeformis
(Doleschall, 1857), Indonesia (Sulawesi, Central
Moluccas: Annbon); vivida (Hull, 1944), Indonesia
(Tinnor); wegneri (Keiser, 1952), Indonesia (Lesser
Sundas: Sunnbawa)].
Allograpta Osten Sacken, 1875 (Syrphinae)
is a cosnnopolitan genus with 73 species, four of
which occur in PSWNG area [buruensis (Meijere,
1929), Indonesia (Central Moluccas: Buru); distinc-
ta (Kertesz, 1899) New Guinea to Fiji & Solonnons;
javana (Wiedennann, 1824), India to Japan, east to
New Guinea, Solonnon Islands and Fiji; philippina
(Frey, 1946), Philippines]. The larvae are preda¬
ceous, except for a few Neotropical species which
are phytophagous.
Archimicrodon Hull, 1945 (Microdontinae) is
an Old World genus of 39 species, eleven of which
are known fronn the PSWNG area (Reenner & Stahls
2013a) [boharti (Curran, 1947), Solonnon Islands;
clavicornis (Sack, 1926), Philippines; grageti (Mei¬
jere, 1908), Indonesia (West Papua); incisuralis
(Walker, 1865), New Guinea; investigator (Hull,
1937), Philippines; iimbinervis (Meijere, 1908),
New Guinea; iuctiferus (Walker, 1865), New Guin¬
ea; maiukensis Reenner, 2013, Indonesia (North
Moluccas: Hainnahera); novaeguineae (Meijere,
1908), New Guinea; varicornis (Sack, 1926), Phil¬
ippines; venosus (Walker, 1865), New Guinea]. The
innnnatures are ant-associated inquilines.
Asarkina Macquart, 1834 (Syrphinae) is a ge¬
nus of Old World tropical distribution (47 total spe¬
cies). The last revision of the genus was by Bezzi
(1908), although Ghorpade (1994) did provide a
key to the Indian subcontinental species (seven
species). Nine species occur in PSWNG [biroi Bezzi,
1908, Indonesia (West Papua), Papua New Guinea;
ericetorum (Fabricius, 1781), Afrotropical and Indo-
nnalayan Regions, Madagascar, to Solonnons, Aus¬
tralia (NT, Qld.); eurytaeniata Bezzi, 1908, Taiwan
to Philippines, SW to Sunnatra and SE to Solonnons
(Guadalcanal); iongirostris (Meijere, 1908), Papua
New Guinea; morokaensis (Meijere, 1908), New
Guinea; orientaiis Bezzi, 1908, China, Malay Penin¬
sula, Philippines (Luzon, Palawan); papuana Bezzi,
1908, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia (West Papua),
Fiji; ribbei Bezzi, 1908, New Guinea; saiviae (Fabri¬
cius, 1794), Africa, India to Central Moluccas (Ann¬
bon) and Solonnons (Guadalcanal)].
Asiobaccha Violovitsh, 1976 (Syrphinae) is a
group of syrphines with petiolate abdonnens and is
restricted to the Indonnalayan and the Australian Re¬
gions (total of 19 species). There are ten species in
PSWNG area and the group was revised by Mengual
(2016) [aquiia Thonnpson et Mengual, 2016, Philip¬
pines; bicoior (Austen, 1910), Indonesia (Central
Moluccas: Buru and North Moluccas), New Guin¬
ea, New Ireland and Australia; bimacuiata (Keiser,
1952), Indonesia (Sunnba); doesburgi Mengual,
2016, Papua New Guinea; ioriae (Meijere, 1908),
New Guinea, Indonesia (Lesser Sundas: Sunnbawa)
and Philippines (Luzon); marissae Mengual, 2016,
Indonesia (Sulawesi); nubiiipennis (Austen, 1893),
India through China to Japan, Myannnar, Taiwan,
Vietnann, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, south to Indo¬
nesia (Sunnatra, Java, Sulawesi); sauteri (Kertesz,
1913), Taiwan, Vietnann, Indonesia (Sulawesi) and
Philippines (Luzon); seisi Mengual, 2016, New
Guinea; tripartita (Walker, 1861), Indonesia (West
Papua, Kei Islands, Misool Island), New Guinea
(Papua, New Ireland, Woodlark Island)].
Austalis Thompson, 2003 (Eristalinae) is
a group of rat-tailed maggots restricted to the In-
domalayan and Australian Regions including 29
named species and some 11 known undescribed
species (Thompson 2003), of which 13 are known
from PSWNG area [aequipars (Walker, 1864), Indo¬
nesia (Moluccas); bergi (Curran, 1947), Solomons;
ciiiata (Meijere, 1913), New Guinea (West Papua);
cupreoides (Goot, 1964), New Guinea; erythropyga
(Walker, 1864), Indonesia (Moluccas); inscripta
(Doleschall, 1857), Indonesia (Central Moluccas:
Ambon), New Guinea (West Papua), Solomons;
iatiiimbata (Meijere, 1913), New Guinea; iuciiioides
(Walker, 1861), Indonesia (North Moluccas: Bacan,
West Papua: Misool); muscoides (Walker, 1858),
Indonesia (Aru Islands, West Papua); Australia; re-
fuigens (Doleschall, 1859), Indonesia (Moluccas);
resoiuta (Walker, 1858), Indonesia (Aru, Kei, Mo¬
luccas - Sula), New Guinea, Australia, Solomons;
rhina Thompson, 2003, Solomon Is.; triseriata
(Meijere, 1913), New Guinea].
Austrophilus Thompson, 2000 (Eristalinae)
is a small genus of five species restricted to New
Guinea and Australia (Thompson 2000). Four of
the five species occur in PSWNG [heiophiioides
(Walker, 1861), Indonesia (Moluccas); necopinus
Thompson, 2000, New Guinea (New Britain); ob-
scurus Thompson, 2000, New Guinea; terraere-
ginae (Ferguson, 1926), Australia, Indonesia (Aru
Islands), Papua New Guinea].
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
dorsal
anterior
anterior
vertex
ocellus
pedicel
occiput
arista
3
vertical
triangle
eye
contiguity
lunule
ocellus
ocellar
triangle
aedeagus
6
teg u la
+C
-Sc
+R1
-Rs
-M
+CuA
-CuP
+A1
-A2
Figures 1-8. Details of Syrphidae head, body, and wing. Orientation of (1) head and (2) body; 3 - Head parts, lateral
view, bf - basoflagellomere; 4 - Body parts, dorsal view; 5 - Head parts, dorsal view; 6 - Male genitalia parts, lat¬
eral view; 7 - Wing base, dorsal view. Legends: Al - First branch of anal vein; A2 - Second branch of anal vein;
C - Costal vein; CuA - Anterior branch of cubital vein; CuP - Posterior branch of cubital vein; M - Medial vein; R1 -
Anterior branch of radius; Rs - Radial sector; Sc - Subcostal; 8 - Cells of wing, dorsal view, bm - Basal nnedial cell;
be - Basal costal cell; br - Basal radial vein; c - Costal cell; cua^ - Anterior cubital cell; cup - Posterior cubital cell;
dm - Discal medial cell; r^, r^^g, r^^^ - Radial cells; sc - Subcostal cell. Figures 1-8 taken from Thompson (1999a).
All figures used with permission from the author.
510
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
mesonotum
17 18 19
Figures 9-19. Details of Syrphidae thorax. 9 - Thorax and base of abdomen, parts, lateral view. Legends: 1 - Ante¬
rior anepisternum; 2 -Posterior anepisternum; 3 - Anterior anepimeron; 4 - Dorsomedial anepimeron; 5 - Posterior
anepimeron; 6 - Katepimeron; 1st t, 2nd t - terga, first and second; 1st s, 2nd s - sterna, first and second; anatg -
anatergum; anepm - anepimeron; anepst - anepisternum; aspr - anterior spiracle; cxl, cx2, cx3 - pro-, meso- and
metacoxa; epm3 - metaepimeron; eps3 - metaepisternum; ktg - katatergum; kepm - katepimeron; kepst - katepi-
sternum; mr - meron; ms - metasternum; npl - notopleuron; pal cal - posta la r callus; pepst - proepisternum; pepm
- proepimeron; pprn - postpronotum; pspr - posterior spiracle; scti - scutellum; set - scutum; trn sut - transverse
suture; 10 - Leg parts, lateral view; 11-13 - Lateral view of katepisternum: 11 - Epistrophe (E.) grossulariae (Mei-
gen); 12 - Eupeodes (E.) americanus (Wiedemann); 13 - Epistrophe (E.) emarginata (Say); 14-16 - Ventral views
of metasternum: 14 - Melanostoma melUnum (Linnaeus); 15 - Platycheirus quadratus (Say); 16 - Microdon piped
Knab. Legends: mtst - metasternum; cx3 - metacoxa; 17-18 - Lateral view of scutellum: 17 - Aiiograpta obiiqua
(Say); 18 - Syritta pipiens Macquart. Legends: sctI - scutellum; vscti fringe - ventral scutellar fringe; 19 - Poste¬
rior margin of wing of Meiiscaeva cincteiia (Zetterstedt). Figures 9-10 taken from Thompson (1999a) and figs 11-19
taken from Vockeroth & Thompson (1987). All figures used with permission from the author and from Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada respectively.
511
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
i ■ j ,L. .*r*4'4*-A‘‘ ^ oAki
i i
.. VjL^^
Figures 20-23. Syrphidae larvae. 20 - Ceriana ornata (Saunders); 21 - Syrphus knabi Shannon; 22 - Eristalis tenax
(L), lateral view; 23 - Brachyopa sp., dorsal view. Figures taken fronn Vockeroth & Thonnpson (1987). All figures used
with permission from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
512
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
Axona Walker, 1864 (Eristalinae) is a nnono-
typic genus {chalcopyga (Wiedennann, 1830)) that
ranges fronn Myannnar to Micronesia and south to
Australia.
Azpeytia Walker, 1865 (Eristalinae) is a snnall
genus (5 species) that ranges fronn India to Japan,
south to Australia and one species fronn New Guin¬
ea (Thonnpson 2017e) {scutellaris Walker, 1865).
Baccha Fabriclus, 1805 (Syrphinae) is snnall
north tennperate genus (13 species) of predaceous
flies. Only one species {maculata Walker, 1852) oc¬
curs in PSWNG area.
Bardistopus Mann, 1920 (Microdontinae) is a
nnonotypic genus. The only known species {papua-
num Mann, 1920) is restricted to the Solonnon Is¬
lands (Mann 1920). The larvae are inquilines in the
ant nest of Technomyrmex albipes Snnith, 1861.
Betasyrphus Matsumura, 1917 (Syrphinae) is
a snnall but widespread genus (19 species) in the
Old World. One widespread species {serarius (Wi¬
edennann, 1830)) occurs in PSWNG (fronn China to
Indonesia (Central Moluccas: Buru and West Pap¬
ua) and Australia). The larvae are predaceous.
Calcaretropidia Kelser, 1971 (Eristalinae) is
a snnall genus of six species ranging fronn tropical
Africa to New Guinea with one undescribed species
in the PSWNG area (Thonnpson 2017d).
Ceriana Rafinesque, 1815 (Eristalinae) is a
genus of hynnenopteran nninnics found in all regions
except the Neotropics, and contains nnany likely
paraphyletic subgenera that are in need of revision.
Three of thenn, Ceriana sensu stricto, Monoceromy-
ia, and Oculovillosa, are found in the PSWNG area.
Three species of Ceriana s. s. occur in PWNG area
and Thonnpson (2015a) provided a key to the two
Papuan species [annuiifera Walker, New Guinea;
metaiiica Wulp, 1898, Papua New Guinea; reiictura
Walker, Indonesia (Aru Islands)].
Chalcosyrphus Curran, 1925 (Eristalinae) is a
worldwide group of 107 species that is split into up
to ten subgenera, one of which occurs in PSWNG
{Nepioneura Hippa, 1978 - see below) and two (Sy-
rittoxyiota Hippa, 1978 and Xyiotina Hippa, 1978)
occur nearby in the Indonnalayan Region (Hippa
1985).
Chymophila Macquart, 1834 (Microndon-
tinae) is here treated as a subgenus of Microdon
and occurs in nnost regions (total of 34 species),
except it is absent fronn the Afrotropical and Aus¬
tralian Regions. The innnnatures are ant-associated
inquilines. One species {stiiboides (Walker, 1849))
occurs in the PSWNG area (known fronn Taiwan, In¬
dia, Java and the Philippines).
Citrogramma Vockeroth, 1969 (Syrphinae) is
a group of syrphines restricted to the Indonnalayan
and Australian regions (42 species). The genus was
last revised by Mengual (2012). There are 19 spe¬
cies in the PSWNG area [amariiia Mengual, 2012,
India, Nepal, Java, Philippines, Thailand, Laos,
Hainan; bicornutum Vockeroth, 1969, Papua New
Guinea; circumdatum (Meijere, 1908), New Guin¬
ea; ciarum (Herve-Bazin, 1923), Vietnann, Thailand,
Borneo, Philippines, Taiwan, Java, Malay Peninsula
(Pahang); distinctum Thonnpson, 2012, New Guin¬
ea; iuteifrons (Meijere, 1908), Indonesia (West
Papua, Sulawesi); iuteopieurum Mengual, 2012,
New Guinea; matsumurai Mengual, 2012, Taiwan,
New Guinea; pintada Mengual, 2012, New Guinea;
pinyton Mengual, 2012, New Guinea; quadratum
Mengual, 2012, New Guinea; quadricornutum
Vockeroth, 1969, New Guinea; robertsi Wyatt,
1991, New Guinea; schiingeri Thonnpson, 2012,
New Guinea; sediacekorum Vockeroth, 1969, New
Guinea; soiomonense Wyatt, 1991, Solonnon Is¬
lands, Papua New Guinea (Bougainville and New
Britain islands); triton Mengual, 2012, New Guinea;
wyatti Mengual, 2012, New Guinea; Citrogramma
spl Mengual, Papua New Guinea (New Ireland is¬
land)].
Dasysyrphus Enderlein, 1938 (Syrphinae) is
north tennperate with linnited extensions into South
Annerica and to the Philippines in the Indonnalayan
Region. Worldwide, the genus consists of 50 nanned
species. The only PSWNG species is an unnanned
species found in the Philippines.
Dideoides Brunetti, 1908 (Syrphinae) is a
snnall Indonnalayan and Palaearctic group of 11
described species. Only one species is known fronn
PSWNG, an unnanned species fronn the Philippines.
Dideopsis Matsumura, 1917 (Syrphinae) is a
snnall genus of two species. One wide-ranging spe¬
cies, aegrota (Fabricius, 1805), ranges fronn the
Hinnalayas to northern Australia while the other
species, {pura Curran, 1928) is nnore restricted:
Solonnons (Guadalcanal), Indonesia (West Papua),
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
and Philippines (Luzon).
Digulia Meijere, 1913 (Eristalinae) is a little
known genus restricted to New Guinea fronn the
region of the river Digula, as the nanne innplies.
Thonnpson (2017a) reviewed the genus. There is
only one known species {kochi Meijere, 1913).
Dissoptera Edwards, 1915 (Eristalinae) is a
snnall genus of eristaline flies (seven species) rang¬
ing fronn Borneo to Sannoa, south to Australia. One
species occurs in PSWNG {heterothrix (Meijere,
1908), Borneo to Australia, New Hebrides).
Dolichomerus Macquart, 1850 (Eristalinae) is
here treated as a subgenus of Phytomia and con¬
tains one species {crassus (Fabricius, 1787)) found
in the Indonnalayan Region (India to Tinnor).
Eosphaerophoria Frey, 1946 (Syrphinae) is
a group restricted to the Indonnalayan Region and
New Guinea (11 total species). The genus was re¬
vised by Mengual & Ghorpade (2010) and six spe¬
cies occur in PSWNG [adornata Mengual, 2010,
Papua New Guinea; bifida Mengual, 2010, Papua
New Guinea; hermosa Mengual, 2010, Indonesia
(North Moluccas: Hainnahera); iuteofasciata Men¬
gual, 2010, Papua New Guinea (New Ireland); mar-
ginata Frey, 1946, Philippines, Thailand; nigrovitta-
ta Mengual, 2010, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia].
Epistrophe Walker, 1852 (Syrphinae) is a
north temperate group (50 total species) with limit¬
ed distribution in the Indomalayan Region. Only one
species occurs within PSWNG {shibakawae (Matsu-
mura, 1917), New Guinea).
Episyrphus Matsumura et Adachi, 1917 (Syr¬
phinae) is a wide-ranging group in the Old World
with 22 species. Four species are definitively known
in the PSWNG area [contax (Curran, 1947), Solo¬
mons; contractus (Keiser, 1952), Indonesia (Less¬
er Sundas: Sumbawa); demeijerei (Curran, 1947),
Solomons, New Guinea; viridaureus (Wiedemann,
1824), widespread throughout]. Episyrphus baitea-
tus (De Geer, 1776) may occur in the region and
has been definitively collected and identified as far
south as Taiwan. This species ranges throughout
the Palearctic and at least some populations are
migratory. Much of the earlier collected material
from the region is identified as E. baiteatus, much
or all of it likely incorrectly as this genus is badly in
need of a revision and not well understood.
Eristalinus Rondani, 1845 (Eristalinae) is a
large worldwide genus (87 total species) although
the few species in the New World were introduced
from the Old World. The genus is divided into five
subgenera, of which only two subgenera {Eri-
staiodes Mik, 1897 and Lathyrophthaimus, Mik,
1897) are found in the PSWNG area. The typic sub¬
genus is restricted to one species {sepuichraiis Lin¬
naeus) in Europe to Japan, south to India.
Eristalis Latreille, 1804 (Eristalinae) was a
broadly defined genus including many diverse spe¬
cies. Here the concept is restricted to Just two spe¬
cies {tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) and proserpina Wi¬
edemann, 1830). Eristaiis tenax is a widespread
parasynthanthropic species, but is rare in tropi¬
cal areas. Eristaiis proserpina is known only from
southeastern China. Eristaiis cinguiata Sack, 1927
[from Negros, Philippines] is a nomen dubium and
only known from its original description and the two
female syntypes are apparently lost, neither being
in the Baker collection (USNM) or Sack’s collection.
Eristalodes Mik, 1897 (Eristalinae) is here
treated as a subgenus of Eristaiinus and is a small
group (total 10 species) occurring mostly in south¬
ern Europe and Africa. There is only one PSWNG
species [paria (Bigot, 1880), Sri Lanka, Taiwan, In¬
dia, Java, Moluccas].
Eumerus Meigen, 1822 (Eriatalinae) is a large
Old World genus (266 species) ranging to Fiji with
several economic pests introduced into the New
World. There are nine described PSWNG species
[argentipes Walker, 1861, Taiwan to Philippines,
south to Sri Lanka, Moluccas, New Guinea; auri-
frons (Wiedemann, 1824), India to Philippines,
south to Indonesia, Solomons, Australia, Hawaii;
bimacuiatus Doleschall, 1858, Moluccas; ergator
Hull, 1941, Philippines (Mindanao); fiavicinctus
Meijere, 1908, Taiwan, Java, Philippines, Lesser
Sundas: Bali; niveipes Meijere, 1908, Indonesia
(Java, Lesser Sunda Islands), Philippines; qua-
dratimacuiatus Keiser, 1952, Indonesia (Lesser
Sundas: Sumbawa); specuiifer Sharp, 1899, New
Guinea, Australia, Lord Howe Island, Solomons;
sutteri Keiser, 1952, Indonesia (Lesser Sundas:
Sumbawa)] with many more undescribed.
Giluwea Vockeroth, 1969 (Syrphinae) is a
small genus of syrphines endemic to New Guinea
where it is restricted to the alpine areas. Only two
species {fiavomacuiata Vockeroth, 1969 and nigra
Vockeroth, 1969) have been described (Vockeroth
514
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
1969).
Graptomyza Wiedemann, 1820 (Eristalinae)
is a widespread genus (90 species) in the Old World
tropics and in the Pacific. Eighteen species are re¬
corded fronn the Philippines and New Guinea, but
more are known but not yet described [atripes Big¬
ot, 1883, Moluccas Islands; bergi Greene, 1949,
Solomon Islands; chaetomelas Doesburg, 1966,
New Guinea; coniceps Meijere, 1929, Central Mo¬
luccas: Buru; flavipes Meijere, 1911, Borneo, Java,
Philippines; flavorhyncha Hull, 1949, Philippines,
Mindanao; globigaster Hull, 1943, Philippines,
Biliran; lineata Osten Sacken, 1881, Malaya, Mo¬
luccas; literata Osten Sacken, 1882, Philippines;
longicornis Meijere, 1908, New Guinea; melli-
ponaeformis Doleschall, 1858, Sulawesi, Central
Moluccas: Ambon; microdon Osten Sacken, 1882,
Philippines; phyllocera Hull, 1950, Philippines,
Luzon; punctata Meijere, 1908, New Guinea; seti-
globa Hull, 1941, Philippines; t/b/a //s Walker, 1858,
Aru Islands; trilineata Meijere, 1908, New Guinea;
triseriata Meijere, 1929, Central Moluccas: Buruj.
Heliodon Reemer, 2013 (Microdontinae) is a
genus of eight species that are restricted to the In-
domalayan Region. Only one species occurs in Wal¬
lacea, tricinctus (Meijere, 1908) (known from the
Philippines and Java).
Imatisma Macquart, 1842 (Eristalinae) is
here treated as a subgenus of Mallota Meigen,
1822 and contains four species that are distribut¬
ed in the Neotropical, Palaearctic and Indomalayan
Regions. One undescribed species occurs in the
Philippines.
Indascia Keiser, 1958 (Microdontinae) is a
small genus of only four described species that were
thought to be restricted to the Indomalayan Region
(Reemer & Stahls 2013a). There are another five
undescribed species, with one each from the Phil¬
ippines and New Guinea (Thompson 2017f). The
latter two are the first known species from PSWNG
and the New Guinea species is the first known spe¬
cies from outside of the Indomalayan Region.
Ischiodon Sack, 1913 (Syrphinae) is a com¬
mon widespread group of two species found
throughout the Afrotropics and the Indomalayan
Region with extensions to southern Palaearctic.
In the PSWNG area, scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805)
ranges from Japan and India to Australia and the
Pacific islands.
Keda Curran, 1931 (Eristalinae) is a monotyp-
ic genus {conclusa (Walker, 1859)) that is restrict¬
ed to the Sulawesi, Borneo and New Guinea.
Kertesziomyia Shiraki, 1930 (Eristalinae) is
here considered a broad genus with three subgen¬
era, all of which may be expected in the PSWNG
area {Kertesziomyia, Pseuderistaiis Shiraki, 1930
and New Subgenus A (see below) Thompson &Vock-
eroth in prep.). Kertesziomyia sensu stricto contains
four species and ranges from India to Japan, south
to Australia. None of the species of Kertesziomyia
s. s. are currently known from PSWNG.
Kryptopyga Hull, 1944 (Microdontinae) is a
small genus of two species of and is only found in
the Indomalayan Region (Reemer & Stahls 2013a).
There are no known species from PSWNG area,
but the group is included in the key as they may be
found there in the future.
Lathyrophthalmus Mlk, 1897 (Eristalinae)
is here treated as a subgenus of Eristaiinus and
includes 16 species in the PSWNG area [aeneus
(Scopoli, 1763), widespread, parasynanthropic
species; arvorum (Fabricius, 1787) widespread in
the Indomalayan Region to Hawaii and Australia;
auruians (Wiedemann, 1824) widespread through¬
out Indonesia and New Guinea, Solomons; buruen-
sis (Meijere, 1929) Indonesia (Central Moluccas:
Buru); cupreofasciatus (Wulp, 1868) North (Ba-
can) and Central Moluccas (Ambon, Seram); fiavus
(Sack, 1926) Indonesia to Philippines, Micronesia;
iunatus (Meijere, 1908) Moluccas to Solomons;
megacephaius (Rossi, 1794) widespread synan-
thropic species, Philippines; obiiquus (Wiedemann,
1824) Southern Indomalaya to East Indonesia (Kei
Islands); piacens (Walker, 1864) Indonesia (West
Papua: Misool), Papua New Guinea, Solomons;
punctuiatus (Macquart, 1847) Solomons; quinques-
triatus (Fabricius, 1794) widespread throughout
Indomalaya south to Indonesia (Central Moluccas:
Buru); sextus Curran, 1947 Solomons; spiendens
(Le Guillou, 1842) New Guinea, Solomons; suavis-
simus (Walker, 1858) Indonesia (Aru Islands, West
Papua), Papua New Guinea, Solomons: New Geor¬
gia, Guadalcanal; tristriatus (Meijere, 1911) Java,
Philippines, Negros].
Macrosyrphus Matsumura, 1917 (Syrphinae)
is here treated as a subgenus of Eupeodes Osten
Sacken, together with another two subgenera {Eu¬
peodes and Metasyrphus). The genus Eupeodes
is mainly north temperate with limited extensions
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
into the tropics, and only one Macrosyrphus spe¬
cies {confrater (Wiedennann, 1830)) ranges to New
Guinea.
Mallota Meigen, 1822 (Eristalinae) is a
paraphyletic group in need of taxononnic revision.
Imatisma Macquart, 1842 and Tigridemyia Bigot,
1882 are two subgenera of Mallota that occur in
the PSWNG region and are thus treated here.
Matsumyia Shiraki, 1949 (Eristalinae) is a
Palearctic/Indonnalayan group (11 described spe¬
cies), with one species known fronn the Philippines
{cyaniventrls comb. nov. (Sack, 1926)).
Melangyna Verrall, 1901 (Syrphinae) is divid¬
ed into three subgenera, one (Melangyna) is north
tennperate and two are endennic to New Guinea
(Melanosyrphus Vockeroth, 1969) and Australia
(Austrosyrphus Vockeroth, 1969).
Melanosyrphus Vockeroth, 1969 (Syrphinae)
is usually considered a subgenus of Melangyna
and contains a single described species (dlchop-
tlca Vockeroth, 1969) known only from New Guin¬
ea (Vockeroth 1969) plus an undescribed species
from West Papua.
Melanostoma Schiner, 1860 (Syrphinae) is
found in all regions (56 total species) and four spe¬
cies occur in PSWNG area [apicale Bigot, 1884,
Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomons,
Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Australia; atrum Sack, 1932,
Indonesia (Lesser Sundas: Lombok); fumivenosum
Doesburg, 1966, New Guinea; univittatum (Wiede¬
mann, 1824) throughout SE Asia, including Indone¬
sia (Central Moluccas: Buru)].
Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (Syrphinae) is a north
temperate group (28 species) with two species
known from the Philippines [angustatus (Sack,
1926) Philippines (Luzon); melanostomoldes (Hull,
1941) Java, Philippines (Mindanao)].
Merodonoides Curran, 1931 (Eristalinae)
is here treated as a subgenus of Erlstallnus and
is restricted to the Afrotropical and Indomalayan
Regions. Only one species (fasclatus (Macquart,
1834)) is known from Indomalaya (Thompson
2015b).
Mesembrius Rondani, 1857 (Eristalinus) is
another Old World tropical group ranging from one
species in southern Europe to South Africa and
Australia (56 total species). Ten species occur in
PSWNG [bengalensis (Wiedemann, 1819), India to
Papua New Guinea, Australia; berg! Curran, 1947,
Solomon Islands; caudatus (Meijere, 1904) Indo¬
nesia (Aru Islands); fulvicauda Curran, 1947 Solo¬
mon Islands; fulvus (Meijere, 1908), New Guinea;
hllarls (Walker, 1849), New Guinea, Australia, New
Caledonia; mesoleuca (Walker, 1858), Indonesia
(Aru Islands); plllpes (Doleschall, 1857), Java, In¬
donesia (Central Moluccas: Ambon); quadrivittatus
(Wiedemann, 1819), India, Java, Moluccas; wulpl
Goot, 1964, Taiwan to Philippines, Java, New Guin¬
ea (West Papua), Indonesia (Aru)].
Metadon Reemer, 2013 (Microdontinae) was
established by Reemer and Stahls (2013a) for a
group of 42 species that are widely distributed in
the Old World. Four species occur in PSWNG (au-
rlclnctus (Brunetti, 1908), Sri Lanka Taiwan, In¬
dia, Philippines; bicoloratus (Hull, 1944), Lesser
Sundas: Sumbawa; rutllus (Keiser, 1952), Lesser
Sundas: Sumbawa; and sack/ (Goot, 1964), Philip¬
pines). The two species that were collected by Wal¬
lace on the Aru Islands off the southwest coast of
New Guinea are the only known species from the
Australian Region (aplcalls (Walker, 1858) and ful-
vlcornls (Walker, 1858)).
Microdon Meigen, 1803 (Microdontinae) is
cosmopolitan except absent in New Zealand and
the smaller oceanic islands. The immatures are in-
quilines in ant nests, where they prey on the brood.
There are several subgenera recognized, of which
only Chymophlla Macquart, 1834 and Microdon
s.s. occur in the PSWNG region. Overall, there are
126 species worldwide, including only three in the
PSWNG area (one species in the subgenus Chy-
mophlla see above) and two in the nominate sub¬
genus both known only from Sumbawa, Lesser Sun¬
das (aeneus Keiser, 1952 and sumbanus Keiser,
1952). There are also two unplaced species of Mi¬
crodontinae from the region: obscurus Wulp, 1898
(Papua New Guinea) and sharp!! Mik, 1900 (New
Britain).
Milesia Latreille, 1804 (Eristalinae) is a large
Indomalayan group with a few species in the north
temperate region and northern Neotropics (79
total species). The group was revised by Hippa
(1990) and 11 species occur in PSWNG [bigotl Os-
ten Sacken, 1882, Philippines (Luzon); confluens
Hippa, 1990, Philippines; conspiclenda Walker,
1859, Sulawesi, Philippines; crinita Hippa, 1990,
Philippines; dearmata Hippa, 1990, Philippines;
516
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
labellata Hippa, 1990, Philippines; macularis Wi-
edennann, 1824, Indonesia (Java, Lesser Sundas:
Sunnbawa); re/nwarc/t/7 Wiedennann, 1824, Borneo,
Indonesia (Java), Malaya, Philippines (Luzon); rit-
semae Osten Sacken, 1882, Philippines, (Luzon);
semperi Osten Sacken, 1882, Philippines (Luzon,
Negros, Mindanao); simulator Hippa, 1990, Indo¬
nesia (Lesser Sundas: Lonnbok)].
Monoceromyia Shannon, 1922 (Eristalinae)
is here treated as a subgenus of Ceriana. It is a
worldwide group of hynnenopteran nninnics. Thonnp-
son (2015a) provides a key to the New Guinea spe¬
cies and Thonnpson & van Steenis (2017) review
the Philippine species. Three species occur in the
PSWNG area (75 total species) [metallica (Wulp,
1898), New Guinea, Australia; peters! (Speiser,
1924), Philippines (Luzon); smaragdina (Walker,
1858), Indonesia (Aru Islands), Australia].
Myolepta Newman, 1838 (Eristalinae) occurs
in all regions except the Australian Region (42 total
species). There are no known species from PSWNG
area, but the group is included in the key as they
may be found there in the future.
Nepenthosyrphus de Meijere, 1932 (Eristali¬
nae) is a small endemic Indomalayan group (five to¬
tal species), with one species {venustus Thompson,
1971) in the Philippines (Thompson 1971; Hippa
1978; Rotheray et al. 2012).
Neploneura Hippa, 1978 (Eristalinae) is here
treated as a subgenus of Chalcosyrphus and is a
small endemic group restricted to the Australian
Region (four total species), two of which occur in
PSWNG area [melanocephala Hippa, 1978, New
Guinea; ventralis (Walker, 1858), Indonesia (Aru
Islands)].
New Subgenus A Thompson et Vockeroth, in
prep. (Eristalinae) is a small subgenus of Kerteszio-
myia restricted to the Moluccas and northern Aus¬
tralia and consisting of two species the PSWNG
area [bidentata (Sack, 1926) (Philippines) and
conducta (Walker, 1858) (Moluccas to Australia)]
(Thompson 2017c).
Oculovillosa Thompson, 2015 (Eristalinae) is
a monotypic {ismayi Thompson, 2015) subgenus
of Ceriana endemic to New Guinea (Thompson
2015a).
Ornidia Lepeietier et Serviiie, 1828 (Eristali¬
nae) is a small group (five species) of New World
subtropical species (Carvalho Filho & Esposito
2009), of which one species {obesa (Fabricius,
1775)) is parasynanthropic and has spread to
most tropical areas of the World including PSWNG
(Thompson 1991).
Pandasyopthalmus Stuckenberg, 1954 (Syr-
phinae) is considered a subgenus of Paragus. It is
primarily an Old World group with only one of the
30 species known from the Nearctic. Three species
are found in PSWNG area [atratus (Meijere, 1906),
from Malay Peninsula to New Guinea; goeldlini
(Thompson, 1992), Timor; keiseri (Goot, 1964),
Java, Lesser Sundas: Sumbawa].
Paragus Latreille, 1804 (Syrphinae) is a
worldwide group except with only limited distribu¬
tion in the Neotropics (south only to Costa Rica).
The genus is currently divided into four subgenera
of which three are found in the PSWNG region:
Pandasyopthalmus, Paragus and Serrato paragus.
Paragus {Paragus) stuckenberg! Thompson is the
only species in the nominate subgenus found in the
region and it is endemic to the Philippines (Thomp¬
son & Ghorpade 1992).
Paramicrodon de Meijere, 1913 (Microndon-
tinae) is a small group of eight species restricted
to the tropics (Australian, Neotropical and Indo¬
malayan Regions] with four species known from
PSWNG area (Reemer & Stahls 2013) [cinctellus
(Sack, 1926), Philippines; lorentzi Meijere, 1913,
New Guinea; nevus Hull, 1913, Philippines; toxopei
Meijere, 1929, Central Moluccas: Buru]. The imma-
tures are presumed to be inquilines in ant nests as
are other microdontine flies.
Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Microdon-
tinae) is a medium sized group of hymenopteran
mimics restricted to the Old World tropics, with
four species found within the PSWNG area (Re¬
emer & Stahls 2013a) [indicus (Doleschall, 1857),
Bali; Moluccas; odyneroides (Meijere, 1908), New
Guinea; vespiformis (Meijere, 1908), Java, Malay
Peninsula, Central Moluccas: Buru; wegneri Keiser,
1964, Moluccas].
Paratropidia Hull, 1949 (Eristalinae) is here
treated as a subgenus of Orthoprosopa Macquart,
1850. Thompson (1972b) provides a revision of
the genus and Hippa (1980) added an additional
species from New Caledonia. It is an endemic Aus-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Range extent of this chapter
Map 1. Range nnap (shaded region shows the range extent covered in this chapter).
518
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, Wallacea ...
(Plates 167-172)
tralian regional group of five species known fronn
New Guinea, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Two
Paratropidia species occur in the PSWNG area [a/ex
Thonnpson, 1972, New Guinea; margarita Thonnp-
son, 1972, New Guinea].
Parocyptamus Shiraki, 1930 (Microdontinae)
is a snnall Indonnalayan group of two species of
Microdontinae. Neither species is known fronn the
PSWNG area but it is included in the event that they
are found.
Petioleomyia Thompson et Vockeroth, 2017
(Syrphinae) is here treated as a subgenus of All o-
baccha, and is a snnall Indonnalayan group of five
species, with three species in the Philippines [mac-
gregorl (Curran, 1934), semperl Thonnpson, 2017,
signata (Sack, 1926)] (Thonnpson 2017b).
Philippinophilus Thompson, 2017 (Eristali-
nae) is a nnonotypic {celeber Osten Sacken, 1882)
genus endennic to Mindanao. It is apparently rare,
as only two specinnens of it are known (Thonnpson
2017b).
Phytomia Guerin-Meneville, 1833 (Eristali-
nae) is a group restricted to the Old World and
is divided into two subgenera (the other is Doll-
chomerus, see above). The typic subgenus (19 total
species) ranges fronn the Far Eastern Palaearctic to
Africa and Australia (absent fronn the western and
central Palaearctic). Two species occur in PSWNG
area {errans (Fabricius, 1787) in the Philippines
and zonata (Fabricius, 1787) through the Indonna¬
layan Region and south to New Guinea).
Platycheirus Lepeletier et Serville, 1828
(Syrphinae) is a large, mainly north temperate
group with limited extension into the northern Indo-
malayan Region and into the Neotropics along the
Andes (202 total species). One species {albimanus
(Fabricius, 1781)) extends into the Philippines.
Pseuderistalis Shiraki, 1930 (Eristalinae) is
considered a subgenus of Kerteszlomyla and is
restricted to the Indomalayan and Australian Re¬
gions, with 18 described species but many more
undescribed ones. Nine species occur in the
PSWNG area [aene/c/nctus (Meijere, 1929), Indo¬
nesia (Central Moluccas: Buru); conducta (Walker,
1858), Philippines (Mindanao, Calicoan), Indonesia
(Sulawesi), New Guinea, New Britain, Australia, Sol¬
omons (Guadalcanal); distinctus (Meijere, 1913),
New Guinea; fascipennis Thompson, 1975, Myan¬
mar, India (Assam), Java, Philippines; marfax (Cur¬
ran, 1947), Solomon Islands; nigra (Wiedemann,
1824), Southeast Asia, Indonesia to Moluccas;
New Guinea; obliterans (Walker, 1860), Moluccas;
semisplendens ("Sack, 1926), Philippines (Luzon,
Palawan, Leyte); velutina (Sack, 1926), Philippines
(Negros)].
Psilota Meigen, 1822 (Eristalinae) is a north
temperate group of 32 species with limited exten¬
sion into the Indomalayan Region and an expan¬
sion in the Australian Region. Two species, basalls
(Walker, 1858) (Aru Islands) and fasclata Curran,
1929 (Philippines), are recorded from PSWNG.
Rhingia Scopoli, 1763 (Eristalinae) is a large,
almost worldwide, genus only absent from the Aus¬
tralian Region, consisting of 46 described species.
Only one unnamed species occurs in the PSWNG
region (from the Philippines).
Serratoparagus Vujic et Radenkovic, 2008
(Syrphinae) is usually accepted as a subgenus of
Paragus restricted to the Afrotropics and the Indo¬
malayan Region. Serratoparagus contains only one
species {crenulatus (Thomson, 1869)), which rang¬
es throughout Indomalaya south into Australia. This
species is an aphid predator in its larval stages.
Solenaspis Osten Sacken, 1881 (Eristalinae)
is a monotypic genus for an endemic New Guinea
species {nitens (Bigot, 1880)).
Sphaerophoria Lepeletier et Serville, 1828
(Syrphinae) is a largely north temperate genus of
77 species with limited extensions into southern re¬
gions. There is one widespread species {macrogas-
ter (Thomson, 1869)) that occurs in New Guinea
and ranges into Australia.
Sphegina Meigen, 1822 (Eristalinae) is a
north temperate genus (122 total species) with
extensions into the Indomalayan Region. Only one
species is known from the Philippines {philippina
Thompson, 1999b). The larvae are known to feed
in sap of tree wounds.
Syritta Lepeletier et Serville, 1828 (Eristali¬
nae) is a large and now worldwide genus of some
60 described species (with several more unde¬
scribed known); those now found in the New World
were introduced from the Old World. Lyneborg and
Barkemeyer (2005) provide a revision of the genus.
Nine species occur in PSWNG [aenigmatopatrla
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Hardy, 1964, Hawaii, Micronesia, Philippines, Indo¬
nesia (Sunnatra, Java); indica (Wiedennann, 1824),
Philippines; luteinervis Meijere, 1908, Papua New
Guinea, Solonnons; hacked Klocker, 1924, Pap¬
ua New Guinea; noona Lyneborg et Barkenneyer,
2005, Papua New Guinea (New Ireland); oceanica
Macquart, 1855, throughout Indonnalayan Region,
New Guinea, Australia, Solonnons, Hawaii, Soci¬
ety and Marquesas, Micronesia, Hawaii; onentalis
Macquart, 1842, throughout Indonnalayan Region,
Solonnons, Australia, Micronesia, New Caledonia,
Hawaii; papua Lyneborg et Barkenneyer, 2005,
Papua New Guinea; polita Lyneborg et Barkenneyer,
2005, Papua New Guinea (New Britain)].
Tigridemyia Bigot, 1882 (Eristalinae) is here
treated as a subgenus of Mallota. The group con¬
tains four species, one of which occurs in the Philip¬
pines (CL/rv/gaster (Macquart, 1842)).
Triglyphus Loew, 1840 (Pipizinae) is a snnall
genus distributed fronn the Palaearctic south
through the Indonnalayan Region to Australia. There
are eight known species, but many undescribed
species from Australia (at least 12), Indomalaya
(three) and New Guinea (one).
Volucella Geoffroy, 1762 (Eristalinae) is
mainly a north temperate group (47 total species)
absent from the Afrotropical, Australian and Neo¬
tropical Regions. Two species are known from the
Philippines [flavolinea Hull, 1943 and nitidithorax
Hull, 1941].
Xanthandrus Verrall, 1901 (Syrphinae) is a
nearly cosmopolitan genus of 29 described spe¬
cies, absent only from New Zealand. There are five
species from PSWNG [bergmani Doesburg, 1966,
New Guinea; bicinctus (Meijere, 1929), Indonesia
(Central Moluccas: Buru); onentalis Sack, 1926,
Philippines; and two undescribed species from Phil¬
ippines and New Guinea].
Xanthogramma Schiner, 1860 (Syrphinae)
While a species of this genus is listed from the Phil¬
ippines in the Oriental Diptera catalog (Knutson et
al. 1975: 320), it does not occur in the Indoma-
layan Region. The species, calceata Sack, 1926
belongs to Citrogramma (comb, nov.), but was un¬
fortunately overlooked in the recent revision of that
genus (Mengual 2012).
Xylota Meigen, 1822 (Eristalinae) is largely
a north temperate group (132 species), but does
extend into PSWNG, where six species are known
[aeneimaculata Meijere, 1908, Indonesia (West
Papua); coeruleopicta Hippa, 1978, Indonesia
(North Moluccas: Halmahera); conformis Walker,
1857, Malaya, Philippines; inana Hippa, 1978, New
Guinea; novaeguineae Hippa, 1978, New Guinea;
philippinica Mutin et Gilbert, 1999, Philippines].
Hippa (1978) placed these species into two species
groups {aeneimaculata and pendleburyi groups).
Acknowledgements
This treatment is based on a similar one for the
flower fly fauna of Central America (Thompson etal.
2010). Authorship is based on relative contribution,
with the first doing the original draft and being re¬
sponsible for the taxonomy and overall manuscript;
Mengual and Skevington were responsible for the
phylogenetics and checking the species lists; and
Young coordinated the illustrations. All authors par¬
ticipated in the elaboration of the generic key.
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524
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New
Guinean genus Ophiotettix Waiker, 1871 (Tetrigidae:
Metrodorinae: Ophiotettigini trib. nov.), with the
descriptions of 33 new species
Josef Tumbrinck Josip Skejo ^
1 - Auf der Hees 1, D-41849, Wassenberg, Germany; e-mail: j.tumbrinck@t-online.de
2 - University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution
Laboratory, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; e-mail: Josip.skeJo@biol.pmf.hr
Abstract: Long-headed pygmy grasshoppers (genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871) from the New Guinean region
(New Guinea and adjacent islands) are taxonomically and biogeographically reviewed. For Ophiotettix and the
morphologically similar genera Paraspartoius Gunther, 1939, Spartoius Stal, 1877 and Threciscus Bolfvar, 1887
a new tribe is erected, Ophiotettigini trib. nov. This tribe is close to Clinophaestini Storozhenko, 2013, which is
placed here also under Metrodorinae. Bufonidinae syn. rev. are regarded to be synonymous with Batrachideinae,
not Cladonotinae, as previously considered. Statuses of currently known taxa of Ophiotettix are reviewed. The genus
now includes 40 species, seven of them previously described: 0. buergersi Bolfvar, 1929, 0. cygnicoiiis Walker,
1871, 0. iimosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865), 0. iorentzi Bolfvar, 1929, 0. modesta Bolfvar, 1929 stat. rev., 0.
scoiopax Bolfvar, 1929, 0. westwoodi Bolfvar, 1929 stat. rev. 33 new species are described and illustrated, namely:
0. amberiana sp. nov., 0. bewana sp. nov., 0. bomberaiensis sp. nov., 0. brevicoiiis sp. nov., 0. cheesmanae sp. nov.,
0. depressa sp. nov., 0. fiiiforma sp. nov., 0. fiyriveriensis sp. nov., 0. fritzpahii sp. nov., 0. hansschoiteni sp. nov.,
0. imbiana sp. nov., 0. kaitani sp. nov., 0. karimuiensis sp. nov., 0. katharinae sp. nov., 0. iuce sp. nov., 0. meggy
sp. nov., 0. mountnokensis sp. nov., 0. parvicoiiis sp. nov., 0. projecta sp. nov., 0. puicherrima sp. nov., 0. pushkari
sp. nov., 0. quateorum sp. nov., 0. rebrinae sp. nov., 0. roesieri sp. nov., 0. rohwedderi sp. nov., 0. sanguinea sp.
nov., 0. schapinae sp. nov., 0. staiiei sp. nov., 0. storozhenkoi sp. nov., 0. subbrevicoiiis sp. nov., 0. teiefominensis
sp. nov., 0. tenuis sp. nov., and 0. toxopei sp. nov. An annotated identification key to species is provided. Antennal
morphology (especially morphology of five apical segments) is diagnostically important in the taxonomy of this group
and provides the best morphological character for species delimitation. Function of modified antennae is not fully
understood. Differences between species exist also in head morphology, facial colouration, and morphometries.
Pygmy Gi raff hoppers are a diverse group occupying most biogeographical regions of New Guinea North of the
Central range, while only few species inhabit areas south of the central range.
Key words: Orthoptera, Tetrigidae, pygmy grasshoppers, Discotettiginae, New Guinea, taxonomy, new species,
widened antennal segments, long head, horn.
Introduction
Pygmy grasshoppers (family Tetrigidae), an
old lineage of Triassic origin, are one of the most
diverse living Orthoptera groups, with more than
1900 species described to date (Song et al. 2015).
The highest concentration of species is found in
tropical regions, but there are representatives in
all biogeographical realms, from taiga to tropical
rainforests, exception being Antarctica and New
Zealand (Tumbrinck 2014a). Pygmy grasshoppers
can be easily recognized by their small body size
(usually smallerthan 1.5 cm), their pronotum being
extended covering the abdomen, lack of tympana,
lack of arolium between the claws, the tarsal formula
being 2-2-3 and first thoracic sternum modified into
a collar-like structure called sternomentum (Skejo
2016).
The island of New Guinea including its adjacent
satellite islands like Gebe, Waigeo and Yapen has
a very diverse pygmy grasshopper fauna. Species
inhabiting this region show an extremely large
variabilityof morphological structures like antennae,
head, palpi, pronotum, legs and abdomen as well
as a high number of endemic taxa. Hitherto about
30 genera and 100 species were recorded from
525
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
New Guinea (Tunnbrinck 2014a, 2014b, 2015;
Cigliano et al. 2017).
One of the nnorphologically nnost striking and
interesting groups of pygnny grasshoppers is the
genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 (fornnerly known
also as Tetricodina Westwood, 1874 and Tettigodina
Bolfvar, 1887). It consists of colourful long headed
pygnny grasshoppers that, out of endearnnent, could
be panned ‘Pygnny Giraffehoppers’. In the past the
genus had been assigned both to Discotettiginae
(Hancock 1907) based on the presence of
widened subapical antennal segnnents in certain
species (e.g. 0. cygnicollis Walker, 1871, the type
species of the genus) and to Metrodorinae (e.g.
Gunther 1939) based on morphological similarity
Paraspartolus Gunther, 1939, Spartolus Stal,
1877 and Threciscus Bolfvar, 1887 but is currently
without clear placement within Tetrigidae.
Only two Ophiotettix species (0. iimosina and
0 cygnicoiiis) had been described when Bolfvar
(1929) made the first revision of the genus,
describing three additional species (0. buergersi,
0. iorentzi and 0. scoiopax) and two subspecies
(0. buergersi modesta and 0. b. westwoodi). Since
Bolfvar’s revision, Gunther (1938a, 1939, 1955)
added new localities for certain species, included
Ophiotettix in his identification key and discussed
the taxonomic position of the genus, but did not
describe new taxa or change the status of any of
the taxa described by then.
Based on the examination of over 750 specimens
the current study, while re-evaluating the status of
the described species, resulted in the recognition
and description of an additional 33 new species.
One possible new species photographed by various
Orthopterologists in the Muller Range (Papua New
Guinea) is not described here because of lack of
physical specimens. Results from the current study
were compared with previous studies dealing with
morphology of Ophiotettix (especially Bolfvar 1887,
1929; Hancock 1907; Gunther 1939). The current
study resulted in a new diagnosis of the genus and
a more detailed description of members of the
genus Ophiotettix, including characters previously
used as well as numerous characters not yet used
in detail until now. In addition the current study
led to a detailed generic description with notes
on variability of characters and with comments on
value/ usefulness of certain characters in this group
of pygmy grasshoppers. An identification key to all
known species is provided. In addition Ophiotettix
is compared with morphologically similar genera in
the Metrodorinae and the morphological diversity
in particular of the antennae is discussed.
Materials and methods
Material
This study has been based on an examination
of the majority of the hitherto published specimens
besides a large number of additional specimens
(altogether over 750 specimens). All specimens
that arelisted have been examined unless stated
otherwise. Paratypes have been individually
numbered (3/14: paratype number 3 in a series
of 14). Abbreviations used for depositories
are presented below. Original label data are
supplemented with authors’ comments in square
brackets.
Photography
Various cameras using various lenses have
been used to take photos, all in macro mode by
using a stacking system with integrated scale bar
or with a macro-lens and millimetre paper. No
post-processing of photographs has been done.
Millimetre paper was placed close to photographed
specimen and subsequently used to construct a
scale bar included in the photograph, after which
the millimetre paper was deleted.
Morphology
The morphology of head, pronotum, legs,
and genitalia follows Devriese (1991, 1999) and
Tumbrinck (2014a) (Plate 104 figs 1-4).
Results from the current study were compared
with previous studies dealing with morphology of
Ophiotettix (Bolfvar 1887, 1929; Hancock 1907;
Gunther 1939). The current study resulted in a
new diagnosis of the genus and a more detailed
description of members of the genus Ophiotettix,
including characters previously used as well as
numerous characters not yet used in detail until
now. In addition the current study led to a detailed
generic description with notes on variability
of characters and with comments on value/
usefulness of certain characters in this group of
pygmy grasshoppers. Characters important for
distinction of hitherto described species are related
to head morphology and to morphometries, thus for
the genus a detailed morphological description is
presented, while for each species, only diagnostic
descriptions of the characters essential for accurate
identification are presented.
Antennal morphology is the most relevant
character in separation of Ophiotettix species.
526
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
Different ratios are important (e.g. length of two
apical segments - segments 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14
in
compared to length of third segment from the
tip - segment 13 in
12 in
measurements
of segments (e.g. comparison of width of third and
sixth antennal segment from the tip), colouration
(if three apical segments are white and strongly
contrasting with the rest or if they are dark, do they
bear silver bristles), and especially morphology of
third, fourth and fifth antennal segments from the
tip (are their inner and outer margins lamellate,
strongly compressed, do they bear projecting edges
or spines).
The colouration of specimens including that
of antenna changes after fixation, bright colours
(white, yellow, orange) usually becoming dark.
For the description of the colouration of certain
species photos from social networks (e.g. Flickr,
Facebook) have been used after the identification
had been confirmed. Variability of all the body parts
in colouration is very high in the genus and colours
may have high diagnostic value, since it seems that
members of this genus are very visually-oriented
grasshoppers.
Names for antennal segments were assigned
as follows: l^^scapus, 2"^ pedicel, (female) or
3rd-6th (male) basal segments, (female) or 7^^-
8^^ (male) central segments, 10^^-12^^ (female) or 9^^-
11^^ (male) subapical segments, 13^^-15^^ (female)
or 12^^- 14^^ (male) apical segments. Numeration
of the antennal segments follows Kufavova et al.
(2017).
(lateral view) between the ventral and dorsal
margin.
Vertex width: width of vertex (dorsal view) between
the hind margins of the lateral carinae of the
vertex including the carinae.
Eye width: greatest width of an eye (dorsal view) from
the outer side of the hind margins of the lateral
carinae of the vertex and the perpendicular
along the outer margin of the eye.
(I) Additional measurement: antennal length as
length of the flagellum including scapus and
pedicel.
(II) Additional measurement; head length in lateral
view from the dorsal margin of the eyes to the
ventral margin of the gena (Plate 104 fig. 1).
(III) Additional measurement: head index: length of
the neck (part of the head below the compound
eye) versus eye height in lateral view taken
parallel to neck’s extension (Plate 104 fig. 1).
Mapping
For mapping purposes coordinates were
assigned to those localities for which only the
locality names were available. To assign coordinates
Google Earth, Google Maps and various hard
copy maps have been used (including maps from
collectors’ expeditions). Coordinates assigned to
localities are given in square brackets.
Acronyms for scientific coiiections used in the text:
Measurements (Plate 104 figs 1-4)
Measurements were taken according to
Tumbrinck (2014a) including also three additional
measurements which are specifically helpful in
Ophiotettix as follows:
Pronotum length: length of pronotum (dorsal or
lateral view; dorsal view is more accurate)
between the anterior and posterior margin (or
apex).
Pronotum width: width of pronotum (dorsal view)
between the apices of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum (or their ventrolateral projections).
Pronotum height: height of pronotum (lateral view)
from the ventral margin of the lateral lobes up
to the dorsal margin of the pronotum above.
Flind femur length: length of hind femur (lateral
view) from the tip of the dorso-basal lobe to the
tip of the knee (including the geniculartooth).
Flind femur width: greatest width of hind femur
AMS - Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia;
ANIC - Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO,
Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
ANSP - Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.;
BMEC - Bohart Museum Entomology Collection, Davis,
California, U.S.A.;
BMNH - The Natural History Museum, formerly British
Museum (Natural History), London, United
Kingdom;
BPBM - Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii,
U.S.A.;
BYUC - Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham
Young University, Provo, Utah, U.S.A.;
HNHM - Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest,
Hungary;
IRSNB - Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgique;
MFN - Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universitat,
currently Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-
Universitat zu Berlin, Germany;
MNCN - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
Spain;
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
MNSL - Naturkundennuseunn Leipzig, Gernnany;
MSNG - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giaconno
Doria”, Genova, Italy;
NCB-RMNH - Nederlands Centrunn voor Biodiversiteit
(Dutch Centre for Biodiversity, fornnerly Nationaal
Natuurhistorisch Museunn Naturalis), Leiden, The
Netherlands;
NME - Naturkundennuseunn Erfurt, Gernnany;
OUMNH - University Museunn of Natural History, Oxford,
United Kingdom;
PERC - Purdue Entomological Research Collection, West
Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.;
SMTD - Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammiungen
Dresden, Germany;
ZFMK - Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander
Koenig, Bonn, Germany
ZSM - Zoologische Staatssammiung, Munich, Germany;
TELNOV - Private collection Dmitry Telnov, Riga, Latvia;
TUMBRINCK - Private collection Josef Tumbrinck,
Wassenberg, Germany.
Results
Placement of Ophiotettix In Tetrigidae
Since establishnnent of the basisforthe current
Tetrigoidea taxononny by Bolfvar in 1887, not a lot
has changed. After 1887 only few new subfannilies
and tribes were established (e.g. Discotettiginae,
Bufonidinae), serving prinnarily for better
identification and not being evolutionary units. The
only exception is subfannily Batrachideinae that
can be regarded separate fannily Batrachideidae.
Strong synaponnorphies of the (sub)fannily are
(1) fennale spernnatheca with two diverticula
(shared by all the nnennbers after Grant (1962), (2)
rectangular paranota (shared by all the nnennbers
except Ascetotettix Grant, 1956), (3) sulcate
dorsal nnargin of the fore and nnid fennora, (4)
antennae with nnore than 20 segnnents (except for
certain brachypronotal genera, such as Vingselina
Sjostedt, 1921, Ascetotettix), (5) projected frontal
nnargin of the pronotunn (except in certain genera,
e.g. Paurotarsus Hancock, 1900, certain Tettigidea
Scudder, 1862 species) and (6) fastigiunn of the
vertex convex and slightly projected above the
connpound eyes. Despite of recent placennent
of Bufonides Bolfvar, 1898 within Cladonotinae,
we assign the genus here to Batrachideinae,
based on all the above presented statennents (the
only anatomical feature we did not examine is if
Bufonides spp. possess two diverticula in female
spermatheca). Other members of brachypterous
Batrachideins from the Australian biogeographical
region also have bifurcation of the frontal costa
positioned lower than other Batrachideinae
and scutellum very wide (genera Wiemersieiia
Tumbrinck, 2014b, Vingseiina Sjostedt, 1921).
Currently recognized subfamilies within
the Tetrigoidea are (1) Batrachideinae (with
Bufonidinae syn. rev. being synonymous with
Batrachideinae rather than Cladonotinae), (2)
Cladonotinae (including the tribe Xerophyllini), (3)
Lophotettiginae (monotypic, only genus Lophotettix
Hancock, 1909), (4) Metrodorinae (including tribes
Cleostratini, and Amorphopini), (5) Scelimeninae
(including tribes Criotettigini, Scelimenini, and
Thoradontini), (6) Tetriginae (including tribes
Dinotettigini, and Tetrigini), (7) Tripetalocerinae
(including two tribes, Tripetalocerini, and
Clinophaestini, but only 4 species altogether)
and 10 genera without placement in any of the
subfamilies (Cigliano et al. 2017).
The genus Ophiotettix is one of the
nomenclaturally oldest Tetrigidae genera, only
twelve genera being described before it. It is
the very first endemic genus of New Guinea
to be described. Morphologically Ophiotettix
is one of the most striking genera of pygmy
grasshoppers. Up to now Ophiotettix was assigned
to the Discotettiginae. However Discotettiginae
are identical with Scelimeninae (Skejo, Pushkar &
Tumbrinck in press). Ophiotettix does not belong
to Scelimeninae. Genera such as Discotettix
Costa, 1864, Gaviaiidium Saussure, 1862,
Paragaviaiidium Zheng, 1994, and Kraengia
Bolfvar, 1909 are characterized by tuberculated
body, the vertex being significantly wider than
a compound eye, with tuberculated lateral and
median carina, the antennal grooves situated below
the compound eyes, a wide scutellum, the head
not being elongated with short occipital area and
toothed fore, mid and hind femora. Cn the other
hand, Ophiotettix shares numerous morphological
characters with the genera Spartoius Stal, 1877,
Paraspartoius Gunther, 1939, Threciscus Bolfvar,
1887 and thus the genus is placed here within
Metrodorinae. Comparison to other genera is
given in the generic diagnosis. This group can be
easily characterized by a few strong morphological
synapomorphies - (1) elongated head, (2) narrow
(almost not visible) scutellum, (3) high position of
the antennal grooves, (4) wings not visible, (5) apex
of the pronotum sharp and directed somewhat
upwards and (6) distal segment of the palpi
pennate.
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
Subfamily Metrodorinae Bolivar, 1887
Type genus: Metrodora Bolfvar, 1887 (Central
and South Annerica)
Type species: M. rana Bolivar, 1887 (type locality:
Peru, Alto Annazonas)
Connposition: The subfannily Metrodorinae
includes two tribes, the Annorphopini Gunther,
1939 with 3 genera and 8 species; the Cleostratini
Bolfvar, 1887 (sensu Storozhenko 2016) with 16
genera and 48 species) and another 71 genera
with nnore than 540 species (Cigliano et al. 2017)
without tribal placennent. Of those, the tribe
Ophiotettigini trib. nov. is erected for Ophiotettix,
Spartolus, Paraspartolus, and Threciscus.
Distribution: Across all continents except Europe
and Antarctica. Africa including Madagascar (22
genera, 85 species). North Annerica (1 genus, 1
species). South Annerica (15 genera, 78 species.),
tennperate Asia (20 genera, 216 species), tropical
Asia including Malesia, Melanesia and Papuasia
(42 genera, 163 species), Australia (2 genera, 3
species) (Skejo 2016).
Diagnosis: characterized by having the nnedian
ocellus and the antenna placed below the eyes, a
relatively snnall divergence of the ranni of the frontal
costa not fornning a wide scutellunn, and a sinnilar
length of the first and third segnnents of the hind
tarsus (Pavon-Gonzalo et al. 2012). Many species
of Metrodorinae also exhibit the posterior angles
of the lateral lobes of the pronotunn produced
outwards (the nnain character used when the
subfamily was established) often becoming acutely
spinose. All these characters together separate
the subfamily from the other eight subfamilies of
Tetrigidae, although none of them is enough to
characterize Metrodorinae by itself.
Tribe Ophiotettigini trib. nov.
Type genus: Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 (New
Guinea and adjacent islands)
Type species: 0. cygnicollis (type locality: NW
New Guinea: Dorei)
Derivatio nominis: The tribe is named after the
genus Ophiotettix.
Composition: 4 genera have been assigned to
the Ophiotettigini, Ophiotettix with 40 species,
Paraspartoius with 1 species, Spartoius with 2
species and Threciscus with 1 species
Distribution: Distributed across New Guinea and
its satellite islands {Ophiotettix) and the Philippines
{Paraspartoius, Spartoius and Threciscus).
Diagnostic characters Ophiotettigini: Head
- Head very elongated, occipital area very long,
eyes pointed and produced above the vertex so the
vertex is not visible in lateral view. Vertex extremely
narrow, visibly narrower than a compound eye, not
produced in front of the eyes, slightly tapering, not
truncated, its median carina long and distinct, the
lateral carinae low almost indistinct. Fossullae
absent, the bifurcation of the frontal costa between
the eyes indistinct because of an extremely narrow,
indistinct scutellum. Antennae long and 14 (male)
- 15 (female) segmented, the dorsal margin of the
antennal groove slightly above the ventral margin
of the compound eye. Between the eyes lateral
ocelli are present. Thorax - Tegmina and wings not
evident. Pronotum smooth, covered by numerous
fine pits, the anterior margin truncated, apex slightly
decurved upwards, the prozona slightly elevated in
comparison to other parts of the pronotum, prozonal
carinae evident, median carina weak, but present
across the whole length of the pronotum, humeral
angle widely oblique without depressions, lateral
lobe triangularly shaped, projected outwards. Fore
and mid femora carinated dorsally, slender, and
smooth. Hind femora elongated, smooth, with
evident transversal carinae in the external area,
genicular tooth strong, antigenicular tooth weak,
indistinct. Abdomen - ovipositor elongated.
Comparative notes of the included genera:
In the description above we presented shared
characters. Genera of the tribe Ophiotettigini can
be distinguished by size {Paraspartoius smaller
than 9 mm, while members of other genera being
longer than 12 mm), colouration {Paraspartoius
being greyish-brownish in colour, while members
of other genera colourful, with red, yellow, orange,
white, and dark tones), maxillar palpi morphology
(having very widened, folliaceous last segment
in Ophiotettix, and Spartoius, while not modified
in Paraspartoius and Threciscus), pronotum
morphology (brachypronotal in Paraspartoius, not
covering whole abdomen, in Ophiotettix usually
covering or almost covering whole abdomen,
and covering whole abdomen in Spartoius, and
Threciscus), morphology of the lateral lobes (with
strong spines in Spartoius and Threciscus, without
projections in Paraspartoius, while broadly acute in
Ophiotettix).
Notes for the further research on the
taxonomy of the tribe: Recent changes in
Metrodorinae taxonomy (Cadena-Castaheda &
Cardona 2015; Storozhenko 2016) gave a new
view on the taxonomy of genera with projected
frons, or fastigium of the vertex (tribes Cleostratini
or Miriatrini - pygmy unicorns). However, certain
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
pygnny unicorns should probably be assigned
to Ophiotettigini. These are (1) Rhopalotettix
vietnamensis Storozhenko, 2015, which is very
distant fronn other Rhopalotettix in having head
significantly exerted above the pronotal surface,
not in the lever or slightly exerted, antennae
are 15-segnnented, not 13-segnnented as other
species, evident median carina of the vertex,
not depressed vertex as in other species, very
exerted eyes, not ‘sessile’ as in other members of
the genus, and extremely narrow scutellum, not
evident as in other species, (2) Halmahera nana
Storozhenko, 2016, brachypronotal taxon from
Halmahera Isl. with projected vertex, but also
strongly exerted head, pointed eyes, extremely
narrow scutellum, long median carina of the vertex,
pointed and slightly upwards curved apex of the
pronotum, and elongated legs. There are also
morphological similarities with Hirrius punctatus
(Stal, 1877) and relatives (morphology of the
pronotum, however there are numerous differences
in head morphology, especially not elongated
general appearance, and wide vertex), formerly
Discotettiginae member whose taxonomic position
is still not clear. Cladistic analysis is necessary
to test which groups of Tetrigidae are the closest
relatives to members of this morphologically
specialized group. Furthermore, taxa of future
taxonomic revision are Thyrsus tiaratus Bo/fvar,
1887 and Uvarovithrysus uvarovi (Gunther, 1935),
the head morphology of which fits Ophiotettigini
description. Better diagnoses and descriptions of
pygmy unicorns’ genera and species are needed
in future because the former tribes combine taxa
with very different morphology. A character shared
by Ophiotettigini and the mentioned pygmy unicorn
genera is a low position of the median ocellus. This
character and its taxonomic importance will be
investigated in future (for comments on taxonomy
of pygmy unicorns consult Silva et al. (2017)). We
place Halmahera, Uvarovithrysus and Rhopalotettix
preliminary into Ophiotettigini trib. nov., because
those taxa are certainly more related to Ophlotettlx
- like genera than to Cleostratus (this is one of the
re-arrangement acts for genera hitherto placed in
Cleostratini, see Cigliano et al. 2017, Orthoptera
species file. Tribe Ophiotettigini is close to the tribe
Clinophaestini Storozhenko, 2013 (members are
genera BIrmana Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 and
Cllnophaestus Storozhenko, 2013, which seem to
be synonymous after our preliminary examination of
BIrmana and Cllnophaestus specimens). This tribe
is morphologically not related to Tripetalocerini,
thus we move it to Metrodorinae: Clinophaestini.
In future, well defined Clinophaestini and
Ophiotettigini trib. nov. could together form tribes of
a subfamily different from Metrodorinae, because
they are very distantly related to Metrodora-genera
group in S America. Clinophaestini members have
prolonged fastigium of the vertex in the same way
as nymphs in Ophlotettlx, antennal edges have
very similar shape. The number of the antennal
segments is different - 11 in Clinophaestini. Shape
of antennal segments is similar to some Ophlotettlx
species, the main difference being that there are
five extremely widened antennal segments that
have very lamellate inner margin and have the
distal inner tip protruded into sharp edge, long tip,
or spine. Nymphs usually have smaller number of
antennal segments than fully grown adults and this
implies a neotenic origin. All these characters make
it evident how related to Ophitettigini they are.
Genus Opfi/otett/x Walker, 1871
Historical revision:
1871, Ophlotettlx, Walker, Cat. Spec. Derm. Salt., part
V: 846 (original description of the genus, and original
description of 0. cygnlcolHsy,
1874, Tetrlcodlna, Westwood, Thesaurus entomologicus
Oxoniensis xxiv: 175 (original description, and original
description of T. luteomarginata, description of T.
Ilmosina);
1887, Tettigodina, Bolfvar, Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 31:
305 (description of the genus, no taxonomic acts);
1907, Tettigodina, Hancock, Gen. Ins. Orth. Tetr. 48: 8
(description of the genus);
1910, Ophlotettlx, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. 3: 3 (citation);
1910, Tetrlcodlna, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. 3: 3 (partim,
formal synonymy of Tetricodina/Tettigodina with the
name Ophlotettlx, synonymy of 0. Ilmosina and 0.
luteomarginata);
1929, Ophlotettlx, Bolfvar, Memorias de la Real Sociedad
Espanola de Historia Natural, 15: 881-883 (revisionary
monograph on the genus, detailed description of the
genus and all the species: 0. Ilmosina, 0. cygnlcoHls,
and original descriptions of 0. buergersi buergersi, 0. b.
modesta, 0. b. westwoodi, 0. lorentzl, and 0. scolopax);
1937, Ophlotettlx, Gunther, Treubia, 16: 165: 168-175
(genus included in the key);
1938, Ophlotettlx, Gunther Nova Guinea. N.S. 2: 3-4
(new data);
1939, Ophlotettlx, Gunther, Abh. Ber. Mus. Tierkunde u.
Volkerknde Dresden (A) 20: 21-35 (description of the
genus, discussion on taxonomy of the genus);
1955, Ophlotettlx Gunther, Verb. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 66
(2): 167-172 (genus included in the key);
1970a, Ophlotettlx Ste inmann,ActaZoologicaAcademiae
Scientarum Hungaricae 16 (1, 2): 226 (citation);
1970b, Ophlotettlx Steinmann, Opusc. Zool. Budapest
10 (1): 159 (citation);
1992, Ophlotettlx Blackith, Tetrigidae of South-East Asia:
530
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
127 (citation);
1996, Ophiotettix, Yin et al.. Synonymic catalogue
grasshoppers of the world: 890 (citation);
1996, Tetricodina, Yin et al.. Synonymic catalogue
grasshoppers of the world: 890 (citation);
1997, Ophiotettix, Otte, Orthoptera Species File 6: 53
(citation).
Type species: Ophiotettix cygnicoiiis Walker,
1871 by original nnonotypy
Derivatio nonninis: Op/^/otett/x has derived fronn
the Ancient Greek words ' ocpiq {ophis, meaning
snake or serpent) referring to elongated head and
TSTTi^ {tettix, meaning grasshopper or cicada).
Description: Head - Head elongated, the head
index varying from <1 (in 0. parvicoiiis sp. nov.)
to >3 (longest in 0. scoiopax), fastigium generally
obliquely rounded or obliquely angular, flat or deep
(= concave), anterior border a little bit tapering,
not truncated, sometimes slightly projected before
the eyes in adults forming small horn, transverse
carinae diagonal to the median carina, bulging,
lateral carina weakly elevated, indistinct, in some
species almost absent, in other species present and
running parallel, divergent and convergent towards
the tip. Vertex slightly flattened or deep (concave),
with a concave part between the median carina
and the eyes in some species, visibly narrower
than a compound eye in dorsal and lateral view,
the medial carina slightly elevated, in some species
visible over the eyes in lateral view; from the middle
of the eye to the frontal part of the fastigium higher;
from the middle of the eye length to the anterior
tip of the pronotum visible as a fissure. Fossullae
absent or extremely reduced, not visible. Frontal
costa in lateral view strongly arched, projected
before the eyes, from between the lateral ocelli
to the median ocellus, the bifurcation between
the eyes and between the lateral ocelli, in frontal
view extremely narrow, the scutellum so narrow
that it seems that there is no bifurcation, ending
at the medial ocellus, under the medial ocellus
visible as bright stripe or fissure. Superior (lateral
or paired) ocelli situated a little above the middle
of the eyes. Eyes suboval, slightly exerted, their
dorsal margin extending a little above the fastigium
situated at the tip of a long neck. Antennae very
long, almost as long as whole body, 15-segmented
in females, 14-segmented in males, the upper
margin of the antennal grooves situated above
the lower margin of the eyes. Thorax - Pronotum
short (brachypronotal state), low and tectiform,
undulated, covering whole or almost whole
abdomen, discus smooth, covered with many fine.
sunken dots. Anterior margin straight, truncated,
but can vary and be a little bit extended in the
middle (this feature is not significant identification
character), no depressions behind the shoulders.
Median carina very low, present as a light fissure
over the whole pronotum. Prozona higher than the
rest of the pronotum, as well as the part above the
connection of hind femora. Prozonal carinae long,
parallel, not elevated - two light, pale coloured
fissures. Humeral angles inconspicuous, widely
oblique, not armed. Interhumeral carinae low, but
well visible as two bright stripes on the discus.
Infrascapular area broad with a concave part above
the connection of the hind femur, with numerous
large pits (usually larger than those on the discus).
Lateral lobes strongly curved laterad, broadly acute.
Pronotal process extended in a spine, extremely
narrow, not truncated, not inverted. Extralateral
carina continuous to the sulci as bright stripe.
Wings. Tegmina not visible (reduced and covered by
pronotum), wings (= alae) not visible (reduced and
covered by pronotum) - flightless species. Legs.
Anterior femur very slender, smooth, not undulated,
without lobes. Anterior tibia slender, elongated,
armed with small spines from the mid of its length
and further. Middle femur very slender, smooth, not
undulated, without lobes, with a few hairs. Middle
tibia slender, elongated, armed with small spines
from the 1/3 of its length and distally. Hind femur
very slender (more than 4x, in most species more
than 6x longer than wide), without tubercles, with
smooth and low transversal carinae in the external
lateral area of the femoral. Dorso-external and
ventro-external carina smooth, without projections.
Hind tibia uniformly brown, not annulated with pale
rings. Geniculartooth clearly visible, longand acute.
Antegenicular tooth indistinct, very small, almost
absent. First and third article of the hind tarsi
almost equal in length. Pulvilli of the mid article
of the hind tarsus obtuse, rounded, not sharp and
pointed. Abdomen - Ovipositor elongated.
Comments on nymphal morphology. In nymphs of a
lot ofspecies fastigium is longand projected in earlier
instars (depicted in Gunther 1938b), decreasing
in size with every moulting, as nymph grows. Long
vertex in nymphs seems to be connected with head
prolongation - practically during development eyes
move higher and higher towards the tip of the
vertex and the part above the eyes is becoming
shorter and shorter. It is interesting that long vertex
in nymphs (as well as in most Cleostratini) provides
very good mimicry. Predator firstly thinks it is small
branch or something elongated like that, and if it
wants to strike, it will not be sure which is the head
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
tip and which is tip of the pronotunn, giving nynnphs
of Ophiotettix and pygnny unicorns (Tetrigidae
genera with prolonged vertex) tinne to junnp and
escape safely.
Generic diagnosis: See connparative notes
under the tribe Ophiotettigini nov.
Colouration: Head usually dark, only in sonne
species bright, tip of the fastigiunn often brightened,
frons below the nnedian ocellus and above the
clypeus with highly connplicated species specific
colour nnarkings varying fronn ainnost black or with
a bow tie shaped pale nnarking above the clypeus to
highly decorated with one or nnore nnarkings above
the clypeus, antennae connpletely black, dark-grey,
or dark-brown, sonnetinnes apical and subapical
segnnents brightly coloured. Pronotunn usually dark,
(black, brown, grey, dark-brown, dark-grey), in sonne
species bright, with very contrasting nnedian carina
(yellow, orange, reddish, or white), with a pale
coloured region (orange, pale orange, white, yellow)
of variable width between the internal and external
lateral carinae running fronn the fore nnargin to the
hunneral angle and to the tip of the pronotunn along
the prozonal carinae, the area around the tip of the
lateral lobe usually pale coloured, one coloured
or a nnixture of bright colours (e.g. white, orange,
yellow). Fore and nniddle fennur dark, occasionally
with a pale stripe alongthe dorsal nnargin. Fore and
nniddle tibia dark, the proxinnal tarsal segnnents
often pale coloured, the distal ones dark with a
pale coloured dorsal nnargin. Hind fennur connpletely
dark, or dark with the area above the dorso-external
carina and below the ventro-external carina with a
narrow to wide white stripe along the entire length.
Hind tibia dark, the first tarsal segnnent usually
bright, the second segnnent pale, the third segnnent
dark, with a pale coloured dorsal nnargin.
Distribution (Map 1): The genus is currently
known fronn New Guinea and sonne of its satellite
islands (Yapen, Gebe and Waigeo) with nnost
species found North of the Central Range Mts.
Up to now there are no records fronn the adjoining
Moluccas islands.
Connposition: Altogether 40 species are now
assigned to the genus Ophiotettix: 5 hitherto
described species supplennented with two
subspecies of 0. buergersi (0. buergersi modesta,
0. buergersi wewstwoodi) here elevated to the
species level and 33 species described here as
new to science). Species can be ordered into 12
groups according to nnorphological sinnilarities as
follows:
(1) ‘Brevicollis’ species group (Map 1): 0. brevicoiiis
sp. nov. (Short-neck Giraffehopper), 0. parvicoiiis
sp. nov. (Petite Giraffehopper), 0. roesieri sp. nov.
(Petite Hosier’s Giraffehopper), 0. subbrevicoiiis sp.
nov. (Shortish-neck Giraffehopper)
Recognition: The four species of this group are
characterised by short heads and the antennal
segnnents without specialized broadly lannellate
antennal segnnents
(2) ‘Buergersi’ species group (Map 1): 0. buergersi
(Burgers’ Giraffehopper), 0. imbiana sp. nov.
(Innbia Giraffehopper), 0. modesta stat. rev.
(Modest Giraffehopper), 0. roh wedded sp. nov.
(Rohwedder’s Giraffehopper), 0. sanguinea sp.
nov. (Bloody Giraffehopper), 0. schapinae sp. nov.
(Sapina’s Giraffehopper), 0. tenuis sp. nov. (Elegant
Giraffehopper)
Recognition: This species group is
heterogeneous, including seven species without
pale apical segnnents that are strongly contrasting,
with nnodified subapical antennal segnnents bearing
lateral edges protruded into acute, right angle, or
spine, fourth antennal usually bearing spine or
protruded angle directed forwards, fifth antennal
segnnent not nnodified or produced backwards or
bearing snnall and low angular projection.
(3) ‘Cygnicollis’ species group (Map 1): 0.
amberiana sp. nov. (Annberi Giraffehopper),
0. cygnicoiiis sp. nov. (Short-neck Pennate
Giraffehopper), 0. pushkari sp. nov. (Pushkar’s
Pennate Giraffehopper), 0. storozhenkoi sp. nov.
(Storozhenko’s Pennate Giraffehopper)
Recognition: This group includes four species
characterized by relatively long necks and
extrennely wide subapical antennal segnnents, third
segnnent being ‘cup’-like. General appearance
dark, antennae dark. The group resennbles both the
‘Toxopei’ species group and the ‘Buergersi’ species
group.
(4) ‘Hansscholteni’ species group (Map 1):
0. hansschoiteni sp. nov. (Hans Scholten’s
Giraffehopper)
Recognition : This group includes only one species
characterized by a long head, and elongated
antennal segnnent with protruding edges. The
species (group) is related to the ‘Brevicollis’ species
group.
(5) ‘Linnosina’ species group (Map 1): 0. bewana
sp. nov. (Bewani Giraffehopper), 0. bomberaiensis
sp. nov. (Onin Slender Giraffehopper), 0. depressa
sp. nov. (Depressed Slender Giraffehopper), 0.
fiiiforma sp. nov. (Lowland Slender Giraffehopper),
0. iimosina ("Godwith Giraffehopper), 0. iuce sp.
nov. (Luce’s Giraffehopper), 0. mountnokensis sp.
nov. (Mount Nok Giraffehopper), 0. projecta sp.
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
nov. (Excited Giraffehopper), 0. scolopax (Giant
Giraffehopper)
Recognition: A heterogeneous group of nine
relatively long headed species with filifornn
antennae without pale tips lacking specialized
segnnents. Resennbles the ‘Lorentzi’, ‘Pulcherrinna’
‘Brevicollis’ and ‘Buergersi’ species groups likely
to contain species with ancestral characters, fronn
which nnore specialized, eastern fornns derived.
(6) ‘Lorentzi’ species group (Map 1): 0. lorentzi
(Lorentz’s Giraffehopper)
Recognition: This group includes only one
species characterized by a long head and having
third, fourth and fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
widened and rounded. This species resennbles the
‘Katharinae’ species group some characters being
intermediate between species of the ‘Limosina’
and ‘Toxopei’ species group.
(7) ‘Katharinae’ species group (Map 1): 0.
flyriveriensis sp. nov. (Fly River Giraffehopper),
0. kaitani sp. nov. (Kai Tan’s Giraffehopper), 0.
karimuiensis sp. nov. (Karimui Giraffehopper), 0.
katharinae sp. nov. (Katharine’s Giraffehopper), 0.
quateorum sp. nov. (Quate’s Giraffehopper)
Recognition: The group consists of five species
and is characterized by dark antennae, subapical
segments with lamellate inner margins, third
antennal segment from the tip without long
protruded tip, fourth segment from the tip parallel
or convergent towards the tip, fifth antennal
segment from the tip with the dorsal margin straight
or curved backward. In colouration, species of this
group resemble those of the ‘Brevicollis’ species
group and those two groups are probably closely
related, likely also mixed.
(8) ‘Pulcherrima’ species group (Map 1): 0.
pulcherrima sp. nov. (Beautiful Giraffehopper), 0.
rebrinae sp. nov. (Rebrina’s Giraffehopper)
Recognition: This group consists of two species
with a colourful appearance characteristic by a long
head, slender dark antennae with pale coloured,
very contrasting apical segments. This group is
probably related to some representatives of the
‘Limosina’species group.
(9) ‘Stallei’ species group (Map 1): 0. stallei sp. nov.
(Stalle’s Giraffehopper)
Recognition: This group includes only one
species characterized by relatively short head
(head index <1.25), projected fastigium (minute
horn), antennae with segments widened towards
the tip. The species shows nymphal characters and
could be regarded as a neotenic species related to
the ‘Brevicollis’ species group.
(10) ‘Telefominensis’ species group (Map 1): 0.
telefominensis sp. nov. (Telefomin Giraffehopper)
Recognition: This group includes only one
species characterized by the fastigium distinctly
protruded into a horn, the antennal segments
not being specialized, with the margins widened
towards the apex. The species has some nymphal
characters, and could be regarded as a neotenic
mountain species. Species with a protruding but
less produced fastigium are found also in other
species groups and it is not clear to which species
(group) is this one related.
(11) ‘Toxopei’ species group (Map 1): 0. toxopei sp.
nov. (Toxopeus’s Giraffehopper)
Recognition: This group includes only one
species characterized by having the third antennal
segment from the tip similarly widened as the
fourth segment, both being broadly lamellate. This
group is related to the ‘Cygnicollis’ species group.
(12) ‘Westwoodi’ species group (Map 1): 0.
cheesmanae sp. nov. (Chessman’s Giraffehopper),
0. fritzpahli sp. nov. (Fritz Pahl’s Giraffehopper),
0. meggy sp. nov. (Meggy’s Giraffehopper), 0.
westwoodi stat. rev. (Westwood’s Giraffehopper)
Recognition: This group includes four species
- three of which are characterized by pale apical
antennal segments and at least one antennal
segment with a protruding tip at the inner margin,
the fourth antennal segment from the tip of the
antennae. 0. fritzpahli sp. nov. with morphological
characters between the ‘Westwoodi’ and the
‘Pulcherrima’ species groups is tentatively placed
in this group.
Identification key to Ophiotettix species
Species arranged taxonomically according to
species groups proposed.
1 Apical antennal segnnents (segnnents 15+14 in
14+13 in (5'(5') completely or almost completely pale
coloured (white to pale brown, clearly contrasting in
colour from other antennal segments), clearly brighter
than other antennal segments (e.g. plate 115 figs 7, 15,
plate 107 fig. 6, plate 108 fig. 14, plate 123 fig. 1) .... 2
- Apical segments (segments 15+14 in 14+13 in
6' 6') as dark as the rest of the antennae or somewhat
lighter (not having strong contrast in comparison to other
segments) (e.g. plate 105 figs 1-6) . 7
2 Third segment from the tip (13 in 12 in SS) dark
or with small bright distal portion (Plate 106 fig. 8, plate
108 fig. 14) . 3
- Third segment from the tip (13 in 12 in SS) bright
to at least half of its length (Plate 105 figs 7, 14, 15,
plate 106 fig. 14, plate 107 fig. 6, plate 123 figs 1, 3, 4)
. 4
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
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Map 1. Distribution of the Giraffehoppers (species of the genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871)
Every species is depicted by its unique synnbol. Synnbols are arranged by species’ occurrence fronn west to east.
534
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
3 Two apical antennal segments (segments 14+15
in 13+14 in SS) together shorter than the third
antennal segment from the tip (segment 13 in 12
in (5'(5'); inner margin of the fourth antennal segment
from the tip (segment 12 in 11 in (5' 6') significantly
broadened, pennate; sixth antennal segment from the
tip (segment 10 in 9 in (5' 6') significantly broadened,
its inner margin lamellate (Plate 108 fig. 14) [Papua
New Guinea: East Sepik Province: Maanderberg and
Indonesian New Guinea: Cyclops Mts.] .
. 0. westwoodi stat. nov.
- Two apical antennal segments (segments 14+15
in 13+14 in SS) together longer than the third
antennal segment from the tip (segment 13 in $$,12 in
($(5'); inner margin of the fourth antennal segment from
the tip (segment 12 in $$, 11 in ($($) not significantly
broadened; sixth antennal segment from the tip
(segment 10 in $$, 9 in ($($) slightly broadened, its
inner margin not lamellate (Plate 106 fig. 8) [Papua New
Guinea: West Sepik Province: Torricelli Mts.] .
. 0. meggy sp. nov.
4 Inner margin of the antennal segments only with
one edge widened (on the first sight, antennae almost
filiform, distinguishable from species with almost filiform
antennae easily by white apices) (Plate 106 fig. 14, plate
107 fig. 6, plate 123 figs 1, 3, 4) . 5
- Inner margin of theantennalsegmentsclearly lamellate
(antennal segments visibly broadened - pennate) (Plate
105 figs 7, 14, 15) . 6
5 At most two-thirds of third antennal segment from
the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($) brightly coloured.
Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in
$ $ , 11 in ($($) not brightened. First and second antennal
segments from the tip (segments 14+15 in $$, 13+14
in SS) without silver bristles (Plate 107 fig. 6). Smaller
species (head length in ($($ 4.25 mm, pronotum 8.2
mm, antennae 7.2 mm) (Plate 115 fig. 5, plate 119 fig.
5) [Indonesian New Guinea: upper north coast, east of
Mambera mo River] . 0. rebrinae sp. nov.
- At least two-thirds of third antennal segment from
the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($) brightly coloured.
Fourth segment from the tip (segment 12 in $$, 11 in
($(5') pale coloured in the beginning. First and second
antennal segments from the tip (segments 14+15 in
$$, 13+14 in ($($) with silver bristles (Plate 106 fig. 14,
plate 123 figs 1, 3, 4). Larger species (head length in
6' 6' 5-6.4 mm, pronotum 8.3-9.4 mm, antennae 8.2-
9.5 mm) (Plate 114 figs 14, 15, plate 118 figs 14, 15)
[Indonesian New Guinea: Yapen and upper Mamberamo
River] . 0. pulcherrima sp. nov.
6 Whole third antennal segment from the tip (segment
13 in $$, 12 in ($($) bright. Fourth antennal segment
from the tip (segment 12 in $$,11 in ($($) with a lateral
edge obliquely protruded, pale coloured in its distal part
(Plate 105 figs 14, 15) [Indonesian New Guinea: upper
Mamberamo River] . 0. fritzpahli sp. nov.
- Distal two thirds of third antennal segment from the tip
(segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($) bright. Fourth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 12 in $$, 11 in ($($)
with a laterally protruding sharp tip, whole segment dark
(Plate 105 fig. 7) [Indonesian New Guinea: Yapen, Mount
Oud] . 0. cheesmanae sp. nov.
7 Antennal segments elongated, antennae on the first
sight filiform - segments rounded in cross section, or with
very narrow edges (weakly lamellate), without laterally
protruded tips (e.g. plate 105 figs 2-4, 8-11, plate 106
figs 7, 9, 10, 13) . 8
- Antennae with modified segments - shortened,
widened or compressed - one or more antennal
segments broadened; at least one segment with laterally
protruded tip (e.g. plate 105 figs 1, 5, 6, 12, 13, 16, plate
106 figs 1-6, 11, 12) . 16
8 Not all the antennal segments rounded. At least fourth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in $$, 11
in ($($) in cross-section with narrow, not rounded edges
(different from plate 108 figs 8, 9, see e.g. plate 105 figs
2-4, 8, 9) . 9
- All antennal segments rounded in cross-section
(including segment 12 in $$, 11 in ($($), with smooth
margins (Plate 108 figs 8, 9). Additional helpful character:
Head index <1.45) [Indonesian New Guinea: Gebe Isl.
and from western Doberai Peninsula to the Arfak Mts.]
. 0. limosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865)
9 Head index from 1.3 to 2.5 (shorter neck) (head
shorter than in plate 112 figs 16, 17 and plate 120 figs
14, 15, see e.g. plate 117 figs 3-5, 9-12) . 10
- Head index >3.2 (extremely long neck; this is the
species with the longest head) (Plate 104 fig. 1, plate
112 figs 16, 17, plate 120 figs 14, 15) [Indonesian New
Guinea: Bivak Eiland, Noord River, Mimika River] .
. 0. scolopax Bolfvar, 1929
10 Three apical antennal segments (segments
15+14+13 in $$, 14+13+12 in ($($) as long as fourth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in $$,11 in
(^(^) (Plate 105 figs 8-11) . 11
- Three apical antennal segments (segments 15+14+13
in $$, 14+13+12 in ($($) longer than fourth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 12 in $ $ , 11 in ($($) .
. 12
11 Head more elongated, head index 2.4 in $$, in 1.9
in ($($. Two apical antennal segments (segments 15+14
in $$, 14+13 in ($($) as long as third antennal segment
from the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($) (Plate 105
figs 10, 11). Vertex almost flat, lateral carinae, in lateral
view, not visible above the eyes (Plate 109 figs 11, 12),
tip of the fastigium not brightened (Plate 113 figs 11,
12) [Indonesian New Guinea and Papua New Guinea:
lowland at the north coast] . 0. filiforma sp. nov.
- Head less elongated, head index 1.2-1.7 in $$, in
1.3 in ($($. Two apical antennal segments (segments
15+14 in $$, 14+13 in ($($) shorter than third antennal
segment from the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($)
(Plate 105 figs 8, 9). Vertex deep, lateral carinae, in
lateral view, visible above the eyes (Plate 109 figs 9,
10), tip of the fastigium brightened (Plate 113 figs 9, 10)
[Papua New Guinea: East Sepik Province, Sepik River] ..
. 0. depressa sp. nov.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
12 Fourth antennal segnnentfronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
11 in (5'(5'), slightly widened and with lannellateedge,
significantly longer than fifth antennal segnnent fronn
the tip (segnnent 11 in 10 in SS), apical antennal
segments (segments 15+14 in 14+13 in SS) in
some specimens with fine silver bristles. Sixth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 10 in 9 in SS) wider
than third (segment 13 in 12 in (^(^) (Plate 105 figs
3, 4) [Indonesian New Guinea: Onin Peninsula] .
. 0. bomberaiensis sp. nov.
- Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in
11 in (5' 6') shorter than fifth antennal segment from
the tip (segment 11 in 10 in SS), apical antennal
segments (segments 15+14 in 14+13 in (5' 6')
without silver bristles. Sixth antennal segment from the
tip (segment 10 in 9 in SS) approximately as wide
than third (segment 13 in $$,12 in SS) (e-g- Plate 105
fig. 2, plate 106 figs 7, 9, 10, 13) . 13
13 Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in $$, 11 in ($($) widened towards the tip and bearing
widened inner margin with slightly protruded edge
(Plate 106 fig. 7). Body almost lacking colouration (pale
coloured), tip of the fastigium brighter in colour than
rest, carinae of the pronotum somewhat darker than
rest (Plate 110 fig. 7, plate 114 fig. 7, plate 118 fig. 7)
[Indonesian New Guinea: lower Mamberamo River] .
. 0. luce sp. nov.
- Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment
12 in $$, 11 in ($($) with parallel distal margins, not
broadened towards the tip (Plate 105 fig. 2, plate 106
figs 9, 10, 13). Body dark in colouration, with pale
markings on head, pronotal carinae and legs (Plate 117
fig. 3, plate 118 figs 9, 10, 13) . 14
14 Flead shorter, head index <1.6 (Plate 118 figs 9,
10). Vertex deep in frontal view (Plate 110 figs 9, 10).
Tip of the fastigium brightened (Plate 114 figs 9, 10)
[Indonesian New Guinea: Waigeo, Mount Nok] .
. 0. mountnokensis sp. nov.
- Flead longer, head index >2 (Plate 117 fig. 3, plate 118
fig. 13). Vertex flat in frontal view (Plate 109 fig. 3, plate
110 fig. 13). Tip of the fastigium dark (Plate 113 fig. 3,
plate 114 fig. 13) . 15
15 Two apical antennal segments (segments 14+15 in
$$, 13+14 in ($($) together as long as third antennal
segment from the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($).
Apical antennal segments dark. Fourth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 12 in $ $ , 11 in ($($) with
a little protruding edge but not broadly lamellate. Sixth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 10 in $$, 9 in
6' 6') as broad as the third antennal segment from the
tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($) (Plate 106 fig. 13).
Lateral carinae of the vertex run parallel [Papua New
Guinea: East Sepik Province, Sepik river] .
. 0. projecta sp. nov.
- Two apical antennal segments (segments 14+15 in
$$, 13+14 in ($($) together shorter than third antennal
segment from the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($).
Apical segments one and the half of the second apical
(segmentsl4+15 in $$, 13+14 in ($($) lighter brownish.
Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in
$$, 11 in ($($) narrow, with no protruding edge at the
inner dorsal margin. Fifth antennal segment from the
tip (segment 11 in $$,10 in ($($) straight at the dorsal
margin. Sixth antennal segment from thetip (segment 10
in $$, 9 in ($($) smaller than the third antennal segment
from the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($) (Plate 105
fig. 2). Lateral carinae of the vertex convergent [Papua
New Guinea: Sandaun Province, Bewani Mountains] .
. 0. bewana sp. nov.
16 Third antennal segment from the tip (segment 13
in $$, 12 in ($($) broadly lamellate, as broad as fourth
antennal segment from thetip (segment 12 in $$,11 in
(^(^) (Plate 108 figs 3, 4) [Indonesian New Guinea: upper
Mamberamo River] . 0. toxope/sp. nov.
- Third antennal segment from the tip (segment 13
in $$, 12 in ($($) visibly smaller than fourth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 12 in $ $ , 11 in ($($), not
as broadly lamellate (e.g. plate 105 figs 1, 5, 6, 12, 13,
16) . 17
17 Third antennal segment from the tip (segment 13 in
$$, 12 in ($($) cup-shaped, in morphology similar to
the fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in $$, 11 in ($($), but smaller, bearing distinct protruded
long tip at the inner margin (Plate 105 fig. 1, plate 107
figs 1, 2, 13, 14, plate 108 figs 6, 7) . 18
- Third antennal segment from the tip (segment 13 in
$$, 12 in ($($) narrow and elongated, without distinct
protruded long tip at the inner margin (e.g. plate 105 figs
5, 6, 12, 13, 17) . 21
18 Third antennal segment from the tip (segment 13 in
$$, 12 in ($($) as long as two apical antennal segments
together (segments 15+14 in $$, 14+13 in SS), its
inner margin of the segment with a protruding edge.
Sixth antennal segment from thetip (segment 10 in $$,
9 in ($($) widened, with recognizable edges (Plate 107
figs 1, 2, plate 108 figs 6, 7). Flead shorter (head index in
most specimens 1.18-1.35, seldom up to 1.45) (Plate
119 figs 1, 2, plate 120 figs 7,8) . 19
- Third antennal segment from the tip (segment 13 in
$$, 12 in ($($) longerthan two apical antennal segments
together (segments 15+14 in $$, 14+13 in ($($), its
inner margin of the segment with a long spiky tip. Sixth
antennal segment from thetip (segment 10 in $$, 9 in
SS) elongated, without recognizable edges (Plate 105
fig. 1, plate 107 figs 13, 14). Flead longer (head index
more than 1.55, 1.55-2, rarely 1.48) . 20
19 Fourth and fifth antennal segments from the tip
(segments 11+12 in $$, 10+11 in ($($) broadly rounded
(about 3x wider than the second antennal segment from
the tip - segment 14 in $ $ , 13 in SS), bearing long wide
and protruding tip (Plate 108 figs 6, 7) [Indonesian New
Guinea: Doberai Peninsula] .
. 0. cygnicollis Walker, 1871
- Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in $$, 11 in ($($) elongated (about 2x as wide as the
second antennal segment from the tip - segment 14 in
$$, 13 in ($($), bearing protruded distal angle, but not
long protruding tip (Plate 107 figs 1, 2) [Indonesian New
536
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
Guinea: Doberai Peninsula, Kebar valley] .
. 0. pushkari sp. nov.
20 Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in 11 in (5' 6') shorter than three apical antennal
segments together (segments 15+14+13 in
14+13+12 in (5'(5'). Third antennal segment from the
tip wider than the sixth antennal segment from the
tip (segment 10 in 9 in SS). Two apical antennal
segments without silver bristles (Plate 107 figs 13, 14).
Fronts and clypeal region (frontal view of the head)
dark (Plate 111 figs 15, 16), hind femora dark, without
pale markings (Plate 119 figs 15, 16) [Indonesian New
Guinea: Onin Peninsula] . 0. storozhenkoi sp. nov.
- Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in 11 in (5' 6') longer than three apical antennal
segments together (segments 15+14+13 in
14+13+12 in (5'(5'). Two apical antenna segments
bearing file silver bristles. Third antennal segment from
the tip as wide as the sixth antennal segment from the
tip (segment 10 in 9 in (5' 6') (Plate 105 fig. 1). Pale
coloured bow-tie or moustache shaped mark present
in frontal and clypeal region (frontal view of the head)
(Plate 109 figs 1, 2), hind femora with pale markings
(Plate 117 figs 1, 2) [Indonesian New Guinea: Waigeo] .
. 0. amberiana sp. nov.
21 Tip of the fastigium protruding before the eyes as
long easily visible horn curved downwards (Plate 107 fig.
17), lateral carinae of the vertex little divergent to the
tip of the fastigium. (Flelpful additional characters: head
short, head index 1.05, larger species in comparison to
other species with small head index - pronotum length
in male about 8 mm) (Plate 119 fig. 19) [Papua New
Guinea: Western Province: Telefomin] .
. 0. telefominensis sp. nov.
- Tip of the fastigium not strongly protruded before the
eyes (not as in plate 119 at most as in plate 107 fig. 7, 8,
12, normally as in e.g. plate 106 figs 3, 4) (if protruded
then weak and short, see 0. parvicoHis, 0. roes/er/,
0. stallei, 0. rohwedderi), lateral carinae of the vertex
parallel or convergent to the tip of the fastigium . 22
22 Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment
12 in 11 in SS) elongated, weakly widened, not
strongly modified or pennate, with almost parallel edges.
Additional helpful characters fifth and sixth antennal
segments from the tip (segments 10+11 in 9+10 in
6' 6') elongated, slender, not widened (Plate 105 fig. 16).
Large size, pronotum length 8-11 mm, long neck, head
index 1.9-2. 3 (Plate 117 figs 17, 18), other species with
similar antennal morphology are smaller, have modified
fourth antennal segment from the tip and short neck
(see e.g. 0. parvicolHs, 0. brevicolHs, 0. subbrevicolHs,
0. roesleri) [Papua New Guinea: West Sepik Province:
Torricelli Mts.] . 0. hansscholteni sp. nov.
- Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in 11 in (5' 6') compressed, widened, modified or
pennate, with modified rather than parallel edges) (e.g.
plate 105 figs 5, 6, plate 106 figs 1-6, 11, 12, plate 108
fig. 10) . 23
23 Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in 11 in (5' 6') roundly widened, without projecting
angle or spine (Plate 108 fig. 10). Flelpful additional
characters: third, fourth and the fifth antennal segment
from the tip widened and rounded, neck long, head
index 1.9-2. 3, body large - pronotum length in 10-
11.5 mm (Plate 120 fig. 11) [Indonesian New Guinea:
Alkmaar and Bivak Eiland] . 0. lorentzi Bolfvar, 1929
- Fourth antennal segment from the tip bearing lateral
angle or spine-like protrusion (e.g. plate 105 figs 5, 6,
plate 106 figs 1-6, 11, 12) . 24
24 Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in 11 in (5' 6') is the only segment with clear lateral
angle or low spine, fifth antennal segment from the tip
(segment 11 in 10 in SS) almost not compressed,
weakly lamellate and elongated, lacking protruded angle
or spine (Plate 105 figs 5, 6, plate 106 figs 11, 12, plate
107 figs 7, 8, 15, 16) . 25
- Fourth and fifth antennal segments from the tip
(segments 11+12 in 10+11 in (5' 6') modified,
bearing lateral edge protruded into acute, right angle,
or spine, distal projection of the fifth segment directed
forwards (as angle or spine) or backwards (on the first
sight in some species looks like angular protrusion, but
compare this case in e.g. 0. kaitani where the protrusion
is directed transversely on the antennae to protrusion
case in e.g. 0. schapinae where protrusion is directed
towards the tip of the antenna) (Plate 106 fig. 1-6, plate
107 figs 9, 11, 12) . 28
25 Flead robust, head index very low (0.65-0.9 in
0.68 in (5' 6') (Plate 118 figs 11, 12). Additional helpful
characters: vertex flat, tip of the fastigium projected
forwards as minute horn (Plate 114 figs 11, 12), tip of
the fastigium dark, small species - pronotum length
7.0-8.5 mm in 6 mm in (5' 6' respectively, this is
species with the shortest neck [Papua New Guinea:
Eastern Flighlands Province: Kassem, Okapa, Aiyura] ...
. 0. parvicolHs sp. nov.
- Flead more elongated, head index higher (1.24-1.5
in 0.96-1.22 in (5' 6') (Plate 117 figs 6, 7, plate 119
figs 6, 7, 17, 18) . 26
26 Vertex flat, tip of the fastigium dark (Plate 115 figs
6, 7), head index 1.24in 0.96 in (5' 6' respectively
(Plate 119 figs 6, 7). Additional helpful characters: Small
body size, <8 mm $$, <6 mm in (5' 6' respectively. Fourth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in 11
in (5'(5') with protruding edge, inner margin of the fifth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 11 in 10
in 6' 6') weakly lamellate (Plate 107 figs 7, 8) [Indonesian
New Guinea: Mountains south of Idenburg River] .
. 0. roesleri sp. nov.
- Vertex deep (Plate 109 figs 6, 7, plate 111 figs 17, 18),
tip of the fastigium brightened (Plate 113 figs 6, 7, plate
115 figs 17,18), head index 1.28-1.5 in $$, 1.19-1.22
in (5'(5' respectively. Additional helpful characters that
can be checked: Fourth antennal segment from the
tip (segment 12 in 11 in (5' 6') with weak angular
projection in its tip, fifth antennal segment from the tip
(segment 11 in 10 in (5' 6') not modified . 27
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
27 Two apical antennal segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in
13+14 in (5' 6') together as long as the third antennal
segnnentfronnthetip(segnnent 13 in 12in (5' 6'), sixth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in 9 in
SS) widened towards the tip and bearing recognizable
diverging edges (Plate 107 figs 15, 16). Pronotal carinae
with weak, reddish colouration (Plate 115 figs 17, 18).
Additional helpful character: head index 1.5 in 1.22
in SS respectively [Papua New Guinea: Madang and
Morobe provinces: Finisterre and Saru wared Ranges] ..
. 0. subbrevicoHis sp. nov.
- Two apical antennal segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in
13+14 in (5' 6') together slightly shorter than the
third antennal segnnent from the tip (segment 13 in
12in (5' 6'), sixth antennal segment from the tip (segment
10 in 9 in (5' 6') not widened but narrow, with parallel
margins (Plate 105 figs 5, 6). Pronotal carinae with
yellowish colouration (Plate 113 figs 6, 7). Additional
helpful character: head index 1.28 in 1.19 in SS
respectively. (Plate 117 figs 6, 7) [Papua New Guinea:
Morobe Province: Kuper Range] .. 0. brevicoHis sp. nov.
28 Fourth and fifth antennal segments from the tip
(segments 11+12 in 10+11 in SS) both with inner
distal margins projected into easily observable acute
angles or spines directed forwards (Plate 105 figs 12,
13, plate 106 figs 1-6, plate 107 figs 3, 4, 12) . 29
- Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in 11 in (5' 6') bearing spine or protruded angle
directed forwards, fifth antennal segment not modified
or produced backwards or bearing small and low angular
projection (Plate 105 fig. 17, plate 107 fig. 9-11, plate
108 figs 1, 2, 5, 11, 12) . 34
29 Flead relatively short (head index 1.2 in SS) (Plate
119 fig. 14). Tip of the fastigium slightly protruded
before the eyes forming small horn (smaller in size than
that of 0. telefominensis) (Plate 115 fig. 14). Antennae
in (5'(5' short - 5.33 mm in length. Fourth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 12 in 11 in (5' 6')
widened towards the tip, its outer margin not curved
(Plate 107 fig. 12). Additional helpful characters: Fifth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 11 in 10 in
6' 6') widening towards the tip, with a visible angle on the
inner margin, tip curved backwards [Papua New Guinea:
Morobe Province: Anggaie] . 0. sta//e/ sp. nov.
- Neck elongated (head index 1.5-1.92 in (5'(5', 1.4-
1.88 in $$) (e.g. plate 117 figs 13, 14, plate 118 figs
1-6). Fastigium not projected before the eyes. Antennae
in (5' 6' long - longer than 7.5 mm in all species following
this statement, except for 0. quateorum where some 6'
specimens have antennae 5.85 mm long . 30
30 Vertex flat. Two apical antennal segments (segments
14+15 in $ $ , 13+14 in (5' 6') without silver bristles, those
two segments together as long as third antennal segment
from the tip (segment 13 in 12 in (5' 6') Colouration
of frontal region above clypeal triangle simple (one long
pale marking running from medial ocellus to the clypeal
triangle - i.e. moustache like patch is fused with pale
marking above it, or simple narrow W - shaped line) 31
Vertex deep. Two apical antennal segments (segments
14+15 in 13+14 in (5' 6') with silver bristles, those
two segments together shorter than third antennal
segment from the tip (segment 13 in 12 in (5' 6').
Colouration of frontal region above clypeal triangle rich
(one W shape, moustache like or bow tie shaped pale
patch and above it one long pale stripe, tear-shaped) ....
. 32
31 Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in 11 in (5' 6') with spine-like protruding tip. Lateral
carinae of the vertex run somewhat convergent towards
the tip. Larger species than the one compared, pronotum
length 7.80 mm in (5' 6', 8.71 mm in antennae length
7.80 mm in (5' 6', 8.6 mm in [Papua New Guinea:
Chimbu Province: environment of Karimu] .
. 0. karimuiensis sp. nov.
- Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in
11 in (5' 6') with angular (somewhat acute, almost
right angle) tip. Lateral carinae of the vertex parallel.
Smaller species, pronotum length 6-6.1 mm in (5'(5',
7.15-7.55 mm in antennae length 5.85-6. 89 mm
in (5' 6', 6.61-7.15 mm in [Indonesian New Guinea:
Star Mountains] . 0. quateorum sp. nov.
32 Three apical antennal segments (segments
13+14+15 in 12+13+14 in (5' 6') together as long
as fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in 11 in (5' 6'). Outer margin of the fourth antennal
segment distinctly lamellate, distal fourth of the segment
with parallel or convergent edges. Neck long, head index
1.92 in (5' 6', 1.88 in Additional helpful character:
fifth antennal segment from the tip, segment 11 in
10 in (5' 6' respectively, with a straight or backwards
curved dorsal margin [Papua New Guinea: region of Fly
river] . 0. flyriveriensis sp. nov.
- Three apical antennal segments (segments 13+14+15
in 12+13+14 in SS) together visibly longer than
the fourth segment from the tip (segment 12 in 11
in (5'(5'). Outer margin of the fourth antennal segment
not distinctly lamellate, distal fourth of the segment with
parallel edges. Neck shorter, head index 1.55-1.74 in
6' 6', 1.65-1.83 in 6' 6' . 33
33 Neck longer - head index 1.74 in SS, 1-83 in
Third to sixth antennal segments from the tip (segments
10+11+12+13 in $$, 9+10+11+12 in (5'(^) narrow
and elongated; sixth antennal segment from the tip
(segment 10 in 9 in (5' 6') <0.18 mm long. Fourth
antennal segment from the tip with short tip. Sixth
antennal segment from the tip as wide as third. Tip of
the fastigium dark [Papua New Guinea: Lakekamu River
basin, Morobe / Gulf provinces] ... 0. katharinae sp. nov.
- Neck shorter - head index 1.55 in (/(/, 1.65 in
Third to sixth antennal segments from the tip (segments
10+11+12+13 in $$, 9+10+11+12 in c/c/) broad and
shorter; sixth antennal segment from the tip (segment
10 in 9 in SS) >0.19 mm (mostly >0.2 mm).
Fourth antennal segment from the tip with long tip. Sixth
antennal segment from the tip wider than third. Tip of
the fastigium brightened [Papua New Guinea: Morobe
Province: environment of Lae] . 0. kaitani sp. nov.
34 Fastigium slightly produced in front of the compound
538
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
eye forming minute horn. Subapical antennal segments
slender in appearance (if other characters differ,
com pa re to 0. tenu/s), fourth and fifth antennal segments
from the tip (segments 11+12 in 10+11 in SS)
with weakly elevated inner margins, ending in angular
protrusion, fourth segment 3x as long as wide, fifth 4x
as long as wide. Additional helpful characters: head
index 1.57 in (5' 6', 1.69-1.76 in vertex flat, fourth
antennal segment widening towards the tip [Papua New
Guinea: Western Highlands Province: Baiyer River basin
and Upper Jimi River] . 0. rohwedderi s^p. nov.
- Fastigium not produced before the eyes. Subapical
antennal segments (segments 11+12 in 10+11 in
6' 6') robust in appearance (except in 0. tenuis in which
segments are more robust than in 0. rohwedderi, but
less than in other species to which this statement leads),
strongly widened, fourth and fifth antennal segments
from the tip with strongly elevated and compressed inner
margins, fourth usually ending in sharp tooth or spine,
while fifth ending in angular protrusion or elongates
spine-like tip, as well . 35
35 Two apical antennal segments (segments 14+15 in
13+14 in (5' 6') with silver bristles. Inner (high) and
outer (lower) margins of the fourth and fifth antennal
segments from the tip (segments 11+12 in 10+11 in
6' 6') lamellate. Additional helpful characters: head index
1.55 in (5' 6', 1.44-1.68 in $$, tip of the fastigium partly
brightened, vertex flat, sixth antennal segment from the
tip, segment 10 in 9 in (5' 6', without recognizable
edges [Indonesian New Guinea: South Geelvink Bay] ....
. 0. schapinae sp. nov.
- Two apical antennal segments (segments 14+15 in
13+14 in SS) without silver bristles. Only inner
margins of fourth and fifth antennal segments from the
tip (segments 11+12 in 10+11 in (5' 6') lamellate,
outer margins without high edges . 36
36 Sixth antennal segment from the tip (segment 10
in 9 in (5' 6') without recognizable edge. Head long,
head index 1.9-2. 2 . 37
- Sixth antennal segment from the tip (segment 10
in 9 in (5' 6') with recognizable inner edge. Head
shorter, head index 1.4-1.7 . 38
37 Hind femur slender (length/width ratio 6.2 in
6. 5-6.7 in (5' 6') (Plate 120 figs 1, 2). Vertex flat. Medial
Carina of the vertex as high as the lateral carinae of the
vertex or higher. Tip of the fastigium dark (Plate 112 figs
1, 2). Antennal segments more elongated resulting in
longer antennae (10.1-10.3 mm in (5'(5', 10.92 mm in
$ $) (Plate 108 figs 1, 2) [Indonesian New Guinea: upper
Mamberamo river] . 0. tenuis sp. nov.
- Hind femur stouter (length/width ratio 4.95-5.1 in
$ $ , 4.85-5 in SS) (Plate 120 figs 12, 13). Vertex deep.
Tip of the fastigium brightened. Medial carina of the
vertex slightly elevated, not reaching height of the lateral
carinae of the vertex (Plate 112 figs 13-15). Antennal
segments more compressed resulting in shorter
antennae (9.5 mm in (5' 6', 8.71-8.91 mm in $$) (Plate
108 figs 11, 12) [Papua New Guinea: East Sepik and
Madang provinces: middle of Sepik River to the Adelbert
Mountains] . 0. modesta Bolfvar, 1929 stat. nov.
38 Three apical antennal segments (segments
13+14+15 in 12+13+14 in (5' 6') together as long
as fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in 11 in (5' 6'). Distal part of the fourth antennal
segment from the tip with long tip (Plate 108 fig. 5).
Tip of the fastigium dark or weakly brightened in the
very apex (Plate 116 figs 5, 6). Hind femora without
pale coloured markings (Plate 120 figs 5, 6). Additional
helpful characters: two apical antennal segments
together shorter than third segment from the tip; fourth
and fifth antennal segments from the tip less than 2x
wider than second segment from the tip [Papua New
Guinea: East Sepik Province: Sepik River, Lordberg] .
. 0. buergersi Bolfvar, 1929
- Three apical antennal segments (segments 13+14+15
in 12+13+14 in SS) together longer than fourth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in $$,11 in
(^(^). Tip of the fourth antennal segment shorter (Plate
105 fig. 17, plate 107 fig. 10). Tip of the fastigium visibly
brightened (Plate 113 fig. 19, plate 115 figs 10, 11).
Hind femora with pale markings (Plate 117 fig. 19, plate
119 figs 10, 11) . 39
39 Two apical antennal segments (segments 14+15
in $$, 13+14 in SS) together shorter than third
antennal segment from the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12
in ($(5'). Fourth and fifth antennal segments from the tip
(segments 11+12 in $$, 10+11 in ($($) more than 3x
wider than second segment from the tip. Distal part of
the fourth antennal segment from the tip with convergent
margins. Sixth antennal segment from the tip (segment
10 in $$, 9 in ($($) almost equally wide as third segment
from the tip (Plate 107 fig. 10) [Indonesian New Guinea:
Waris, south of Jayapura] . 0. sanguinea sp. nov.
- Two apical antennal segments (segments 14+15 in
$$, 13+14 in ($($) together as long as third antennal
segment from the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in ($($).
Fourth and fifth antennal segments from the tip
(segments 11+12 in $$, 10+11 in SS) less than 2x
wider than second segment from the tip. Distal part of
the fourth antennal segment from the tip with parallel
margins. Sixth antennal segment from the tip (segment
10 in $$, 9 in ($($) almost equally wide as third segment
from the tip (Plate 105 fig. 17) [Papua New Guinea: East
Sepik Province: Imbia near Maprik] .. 0. imbiana sp. nov.
Catalogue of the known species (in chronological
order)
Ophiotettix limosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven,
1865) (Plate 108 figs 8-9, plate 112 figs 9-11,
plate 116 figs 9-10, plate 120 figs 9-10, plate
122 fig. 15, plate 124 fig. 3)
Tettix iimosinus Snellen Van Vollenhoven 1865: 65, pi.
1, fig. 6-8;
Tetricodina iimosina Westwood 1874: 175, pi. 32, fig.
6b;
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
S[partolus] limosinus Bolfvar 1887: 233-234;
Tettigodina limosina Bolfvar 1898: 81;
Tfettigodina] limosina Hancock 1907: 8;
Tfetricodina] limosina Kirby 1910: 3;
Ophiotettix limosina Bolfvar 1929: 879-880, 883, 889-
891;
Ophiotettix limosina Gunther 1936: 344;
Ophiotettix limosina Gunther 1938b: 3;
Ophiotettix limosina Gunther 1939: 34;
Ophiotettix limosinus Steinnnann 1970b: 159;
Ophiotettix limosinus Blackith 1992: 128;
Tetricodina limosina Yin et al. 1996: 914;
Ophiotettix limosina Otte 1997: 54.
Lectotype: $ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Gebeh [Gebe Island, 0°5’S 129°27’E], leg. Bernstein
[antennae lost].
Paralectotypes: 1$ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Gebeh [Gebe Island, 0°5’S 129°27’E], leg.
Bernstein [antennae lost]; 1$ NCB-RMNH, INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, N[ew]. G[uinea], Gennica, leg. Bernstein.
1$ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Waigeo,
leg. Bernstein (antennae dennolished); 1$ OUMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Waigeo, ex. Mus. Leyden
1869.
Additional material: 1$ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Waigeo, leg. Bernstein. 16' NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Klamono Oilfields [1°10’S
131°30’E], 18.VIII.1948, leg. M. A. Lieftinck; 2$ NCB-
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Klamono Oilfields
[1°10’S 131°30’E], 19.VIII.1948 [1$ antennae lost],
leg. M. A. Lieftinck [antennae lost]; 2$, 16', 16' nymph
NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Klamono
Oilfields [1°10’S 131°30’E], 20.VIII.1948, leg. M. A.
Lieftinck [16' & 16' nymphs antennae lost]; 1$ NCB-
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Sorong, Malano
[Malanu, 0°5rS 131°19’E], 27.VIII.1948, leg. M. A.
Lieftinck. 1$ TELNOV: INDONESIA E, W New Guinea,
Doberai Peninsula, Ayamaru vill., -15,5-14 km N,
1°08’04”S 132°10’59”Eto 1°09’29”S 132°11’30”E,
-275-250 m, primary lowland rainforest on limestone,
2.IX.2015, leg. D. Telnov [antennae lost].
Notes: Snellen van Vollenhoven (1865) writes
about one nnale and fennales fronn “Gebeh” (leg.
Bernstein) and gives description and two drawings
of the species. No authors designated types (valid
lectotype), but a fennale had a “Type” label which
may originate from C. Willemse while three other
specimens have a “Cotype” label. Here we designate
the female with the “Type” label for the lectotype
and other specimens including a specimen from
OUMNH paralectotypes. The aforementioned
male has not been traced yet. Photo of a male
specimen (Plate 124 fig. 3) and a nymph taken by
Marek Stefunko (2011) from Arfak Mountains fits
description of this. No other Ophiotettix records
are known from Arfak Mountains. Other records
of Ophiotettix iimosina in literature are wrongly
identified specimens (including those published by
Bolfvar (1898, 1929) and Gunther (1936)).
Description: All antennal segments rounded,
dark and very long (>10 mm). Lateral carinae of the
vertex convergent. Tip of the fastigium brightened.
Vertex, in frontal view, flattened. Pronotum with
yellow stripes. Body dark with yellowish pronotal
carinae and characteristic pale clypeal marking.
Measurements lectotype $: pronotum length 10.53
mm, pronotum lobe width 4.16 mm, pronotum
height 2.04 mm, hind femur length 10.40 mm, hind
femur width 1.85 mm, vertex width 0.43 mm, eye
width 0.68 mm, antenna length 11.05 mm, head
length 5.50 mm, head index 1.41. Measurements
1 6^ (Klamono Oilfields), pronotum length 9.75 mm,
pronotum lobe width 4.03 mm, pronotum height
2.10 mm, hind femur length 9.88 mm, hind femur
width 1.65 mm, vertex width 0.53 mm, eye width
0.62 mm, antenna length 10.66 mm, head length
4.60 mm, head index 1.33.
Differential diagnosis: 0. iimosina is the only
species with all antennal segments totally rounded
and no edges visible. The species is on the first
sight similar to other species of the Limosina
species group, but is easily separated from all of
them by presented character.
Distribution: 0. iimosina is found on Gebe Island
west of Waigeo. Gebe belongs administratively to
North Moluccas but it is on the half way between
Waigeo and Halmahera and was probably
connected with Waigeo and New Guinea in the Ice
Age. Other specimens are recorded from Waigeo
and in the western part of Doberai Peninsula.
Probably this species is distributed from the west
of Doberai Peninsula to the Arfak Mountains in the
northeastern part.
Ophiotettix cygnicoWis Walker, 1871 (Plate 108
fig. 8, plate 112 figs 7-8, plate 116 figs 7-8,
plate 120 figs 7-8, plate 122 fig. 14)
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Walker 1871: 847;
Ofphiotettix] Cygnicollis Kirby 1910: 3;
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Bolfvar 1929: 879-880, 883-885,
figs 3, 8;
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Willemse 1931: 195;
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Gunther 1937: 176;
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Gunther 1938b: 2-3;
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Gunther 1939: 33-35 ;
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Steinmann 1970a: 226;
Oph/otett/x cygn/co///s Stein man n 1970b: 159;
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Blackith 1992: 128;
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Yin et al. 1996: 891;
Ophiotettix cygnicollis Otte: 54;
= Tetricodina luteo-marginata Westwood, 1874: 176, pi.
540
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
32, fig. 6-6a;
Tettigodina luteo-marginata Bolfvar 1887: 305, fig. 30,
30a;
Tettigodina iuteomarginata Bolfvar 1898: 80-81;
Tfettigodina] iuteomarginata Hancock 1907: 8, fig. 3;
0[phiotettix] Cygnicoiiis Kirby 1910: 3 (synonymy with T.
iuteomarginata).
We follow synonynny proposed by Kirby (1910).
Holotype: $ BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Dorei,
leg. Wallace.
Syn types Tetricodina iuteomarginata Westwood, 1874:
1(5' OUMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Newguinea,
Dorei, 1859, leg. Wallace; 1$ [not found in OUMNH]:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Newguinea, Menado, leg.
Wallace (after Westwood).
Additional material: 1(5' MNCN: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Ramoi [1°7’S 131°15’E], VII.1872, leg. L.
M. d’Albertis [antennae lost]; 1$ MNCN: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Ramoi [1°7’S 131°15’E], 11.1875, leg.
Beccari; 2$ MSNG: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Ramoi
[1°7’S 131°15’E], 11.1875, leg. Beccari [1$ antennae
lost]; 1$ MSNG: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Andai
[0°55’S 134°0rE], XII.1875, leg. Beccari; 1(5' MSNG:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Dorei Hum. [Dore Hum
Bay, E of Sorong; 0°46’S 131°31’E], 11.1875, leg.
Beccari; 1$ OUMNH: NEW GUINEA: leg. Wallace [under
Ophiotettix cygnicoiiis, antennae lost]; 1$ OUMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Dor.[ei], leg. Wallace [under
Ophiotettix cygnicoiiis, antennae lost]; 1$ OUMNH:
“Wag.” [= Waigeo?], leg. Wallace; 1$ NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Klamono Oilfields [1°10’S
131°30’E], VIII.1948, leg. M. A. Lieftinck; 3$, 2(5' ZSM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Manokwari Prov., Ransiki,
Mayuby-Benyas [1°31’S 134°10’E], 300-400 m, 27.-
28.IX.1990, leg. A. Riedel; 1(5' ZSM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Manokwari Prov., Kosmena, Anggi, Tetaho-area
[1°20’S 133°55’E], 1400-1750 m, 26.-27.III.1993, leg.
A. Riedel; 1$ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Manokwari, Nieuw Guinea-Expeditie 1903, 9.V.1903,
leg. E. Morales; 1$ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Manokwari, Nieuw-Guinea-Expeditie 1903,
23.V.1903, leg. E. Morales. 1$ ANSP: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Manokwari, leg. T. Barbour [antennae lost].
1$ TELNOV: Doberai Peninsula, Ayamaru vill., ~15,5-
14 km N, 1°08’04”S 132°10’59”E to 1°09’29”S
132°11’30”E, -275-250 m, primary lowland rainforest
on limestone, 2.IX.2015, leg. D. Telnov [antennae lost].
Doubtful material: 1(5' nymph OUMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Gebeh, 1(5' nymph, INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Gebeh, leg. Wallace [under Ophiotettix
cygnicoiiis, antennae lost].
Note: On the island of Gebe 0. limosina is hitherto
the only reported species. Very doubtful record
because it is not possible to identify these nynnphs,
especially without antennae. With antennae it is
possible to differ nynnphs fronn 0. cygnicoiiis fronn
species with rounded antennae like 0. linnosina.
Hence we place this young specinnen as Ophiotettix
sp.
Description: Apical and subapical segnnents
of the antennae black, other segnnents nnore
brownish. Third to fifth antennal segnnents fronn
the tip (segnnent 11+12+13 in 10+11+12 in
like a “cup” with a longtip at the inner nnargin.
Apical segnnents with narrow whitish bristles.
Two apical segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in
13+14 in 33) together as long as third segnnent
fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in o
12 in
. Three
apical segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15 in
12+13+14 in
together shorter than fourth
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
. Outer nnargin of the fourth antennal segnnent
fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
lannellate and curved. Lateral carinae convergent.
Tip of the fastigiunn dark. Vertex, in frontal view flat,
nnedian carina higher than lateral carinae of the
vertex. Pronotunn with yellow stripes. Visible part
of the abdonnen yellow. Measurennents syntype
{Tetricodina Iuteomarginata): pronotunn length
9.36 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.25 nnnn, pronotunn
height 1.96 nnnn, hind fennur length 7.68 nnnn, hind
fennur width 1.50 nnnn, vertex width 0.41 nnnn, eye
width 0.68 nnnn, antenna length 8.45 nnnn, head
length 4.50 nnnn, head index 1.36. Measurennents
2(5 (Ransiki): pronotunn length 8.32-8.58 nnnn,
pronotunn lobe width 3.5-3.50 nnnn, pronotunn
height 1.95-2.0 nnnn, hind fennur length 7.04-7:67
nnnn, hind fennur width 1.50 nnnn, vertex width 0.39-
0.43 nnnn, eye width 0.59-0.60 nnnn, antenna length
7.2-7.52 nnnn, head length 4.40 nnnn, head index
1.18-1.36. Measurennents 2$ (Ransiki): pronotunn
length 10.14-10.27 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.9-
4.0 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.4-2.50 nnnn, hind fennur
length 7.6-8.58 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.65-1.75
nnnn, vertex width 0.41-0.43 nnnn, eye width 0.64-
0.68 nnnn, antenna length 6.88-8.25 nnnn, head
length 4.55-4.95 nnnn, head index 1.22-1.23.
Differential diagnosis: 0. cygnicoiiis is one of
the species without pale coloured apical antennal
segnnents, characteristic in subapical antennal
segnnents with lannellate inner nnargins and
the third antennal segnnent fronn the tip with a
distinct protruding long tip at the inner nnargin. 0.
cygnicoiiis is in nnorphology close to 0. amberiana
sp. nov., 0. pushkari sp. nov., 0. storozhenkoi sp.
nov. (Cygnicoiiis species group) and 0. toxopei sp.
nov. (Toxopei species group). 0. toxopei sp. nov. is
unique in having widened third antennal segnnent
fronn the tip. The neck of 0. cygnicoiiis is significantly
shorter than in aforennentioned species (head
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
index in nnales <1.4, head index in fennales <1.3,
respectively). The species with sinnilar short neck is
0. pushkari sp. nov. Those species can be separated
by the fourth and fifth antennal segnnents fronn the
tip nnorphology.
Distribution: Only found in the western part of
New Guinea fronn Nabire over Doberai Peninsula
to Salawati. Sulawesi (Gunther 1938a; Steinnnann
1970b) is a doubtful record and refers to the syntype
of Tetricodina luteomarginata fronn Menado (leg.
Wallace). The specinnen is lost and up to now no
Ophiotettix has been found on Sulawesi.
Ophiotettix buergersi Bolivar, 1929 (Plate 108 fig.
5, plate 112 figs 5-6, plate 116 figs 5-6, plate
120 figs 5-6, plate 122 fig. 13)
Ophiotettix burgersi Bolfvar 1929: 883, 885-887, fig. 7;
Ophiotettix burgersi burgersi Bolfvar 1929: 883;
Ophiotettix burgersi burgersi Gunther 1934: 333;
Ophiotettix burgersi burgersi Gunther 1939: 34;
Oph/otett/x burgers/ Steinnnann 1970b: 159;
Ophiotettix buergersi, Blackith 1992: 127;
Ophiotettix burgers/ Yin et al. 1996: 890;
Ophiotettix burgersi burgersi Otte 1997: 53.
Holotype 16' MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Lordberg
[4°50’S 142°29’E], 10.XII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers.
Pa retypes: 1$ MFN (Allotype): PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Lordberg [4°50’S 142°29’E], 10.XII.1912, leg. S. G.
Burgers; 2$, 1(6 MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Lordberg
[4°50’S 142°29’E],29.XI.-30.XI.1912, leg. S.G. Burgers;
1$, 2(6 MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Lordberg [4°50’S
142°29’E], 29.XI.-2.XII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers; 1$
MFN: PAPUA N EW G U I N EA, Lord berg [4 ° 50’S 142 ° 29 ’ E] ,
5.-6.XII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers; 1(6 MFN: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Lordberg [4°50’S 142°29’E], 7.XII.1912, leg.
S. G. Burgers; 1(6 MNCN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Lordberg
[4°50’S 142°29’E], 9.XII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers;
2$, 2(6 MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Lordberg [4°50’S
142°29’E], 10.XII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers; 1$ MFN:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Lordberg [4°50’S 142°29’E],
12.XII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers; 1$ MNCN: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Lordberg [4°50’S 142°29’E], 12.XII.1912, leg.
S. G. Burgers.
Additional material: 1(6SMTD: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Lordberg [4°50’S 142°29’E], 12.XII.1912, leg. S. G.
Burgers.
Note: Bolfvar nanned the species “burgersi”. The
correct transliteration of Gernnan phonenn
“u”
in
Latin zoological nonnenclature is after the Code
diphthong
“ue”
For burgersi it is thus buergersi,
not burgersi. We use the correct nanne 0. buergersi.
Description: Antennal segnnents brownish to
dark. Only the tip (segnnent 14+15 in PP, 13+14
in
sonnewhat lighter. Apical segnnents with
narrow whitish bristles. Three apical segnnents
(segnnent 13+14+15 in
Q
-- ?
12+13+14 in
together as long as fourth segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
Fourth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip with a long tip, fifth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip with a protruding edge and
sixth antennal segnnent fronn tip with a protruding
edge, as well. Lateral carinae ofthe vertex in frontal
view distinctly higher than the nnedian carina of the
vertex. Fastigiunn, in lateral view, a little protruding
before the eyes. Pronotunn with yellow stripes. Tip
of the fastigiunn, nnost of the visible parts of the
abdonnen and hind fennur dark. Measurennents
holotype 6: pronotunn length 8.32 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 3.52 nnnn, pronotunn height 1.75 nnnn,
hind fennur length 7.84 nnnn, hind fennur width
1.70 nnnn, vertex width 0.41 nnnn, eye width 0.64
nnnn, antenna length 8.84 nnnn, head length 4.75
nnnn, head index 1.44. Measurennents paratype
(allotype), pronotunn length 9.10 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 3.60 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.15 nnnn,
hind fennur length 8.08 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.75
nnnn, vertex width 0.43 nnnn, eye width 0.70 nnnn,
antenna length 8.32 nnnn, head length 4.88 nnnn,
head index 1.48.
Differential diagnosis: Together with 0.
sanguinea sp. nov. this is the only species with dark
apical antennal segnnents where the sixth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in $$, 9 in
is broadly lannellate and bears a protruding
tip or edge at the inner nnargin. It differs fronn 0.
sanguinea sp. nov. by the protruding tip ofthe sixth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
9 in
99
- 7
and the dark postfennora. 0. sanguinea
sp. nov. has reddish hind fennora.
Distribution: Only found in the type locality, the
Lordberg in the Sepik River area.
Ophiotettix iorentzi Bolivar, 1929 (Plate 108 fig.
10, plate 112 fig. 12, plate 116 fig. 11, plate
120 fig. 11, plate 122 fig. 16)
Ophiotettix iorentzi Bolfvar 1929: 883, 888-889, fig. 6;
Ophiotettix iorentzi Gunther 1938b: 2;
Ophiotettix iorentzi Gunther 1939: 34;
Opb/otett/x /orentz/ Stein man n 1970b: 159;
Ophiotettix iorentzi Blackith 1992: 129;
Ophiotettix iorentzi Y\r\ et al. 1996: 891;
Ophiotettix iorentzi Otte 1997: 54.
Holotype $ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Alkmaar [4°40’S 138°43’E], XI.1909, leg. Lorentz.
Paratype: 1$ MNCN: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Bivak Eiland [5°01’S 138°39’E], 11.1910, leg. Lorentz.
Description: Apical and subapical segnnents of
the antennae dark. Two apical segnnents (segnnent
542
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
together shorter than
14+15 in 13+14 in
third apical segnnent (segnnent 13 in $ 12 in
fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12
with a protruding edge. Outer
in
o
- h ?
11 in
nnargin of the fourth antennal segnnent fronn the
tip (segnnent 12 in
11 in
lannellate. Inner
edge on the dorsal nnargin of the fifth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 11 in 99, 10 in
directed backwards. Sixth antennal segnnent fronn
the tip (segnnent 10 in 9 in 33) broader than
the third antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent
13 in
12 in
Lateral carinae parallel.
Tip of the fastigiunn brightened. Measurennents
holotype pronotunn length 10.79 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 4.20 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.45 nnnn,
hind fennur length 10.79 nnnn, hind fennur width
1.90 nnnn, vertex width 0.43 nnnn, eye width 0.78
nnnn, antenna length 9.75 nnnn, head length 6.15
nnnn, head index 1.96. Measurennents paratype
pronotunn length 11.02 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width
3.99 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.06 nnnn, hind fennur
length 10.22 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.90 nnnn,
vertex width 0.45 nnnn, eye width 0.78 nnnn, antenna
length no nneasurennents, head length 5.85 nnnn,
head index 2.29.
Differential diagnosis: 0. lorentzi is one of
the species without pale coloured apical antennal
segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents with
lannellate inner nnargins and a fifth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip with straight dorsal nnargin
or it is curved backwards. The dorsal 1/4 of the
length of fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
runs parallel or convergent towards the tip and
the third antennal segnnent fronn tip has no long
prodrudingtip. 0. lorentzi is near to 0. flyriveriensis
sp. nov., 0. kaitani sp. nov., 0. katharinae sp. nov.,
0. karimuiensis sp. nov. and 0. quateorum sp.
nov. (Katharinae species group) but differs fronn
0. flyriveriensis sp. nov., 0. kaitani sp. nov. and 0.
karimuiensis sp. nov. in nnorphology of the fourth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
11 in 33), in which the dorsal nnargin is straight or
with a blunt protruding edge (angle), and without
nnore or less longer acute tip. It differs fronn the 0
quateorum sp. nov. and 0. katharinae sp. nov. in
nnorphology of the sixth antennal segnnent fronn
99
- 7
the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
, this segnnent
broader than the third antennal segnnent fronn the
tip (in listed species it is snnaller).
Distribution: Upper basin of the Lorentz River.
Ophiotettix modesta Bolivar, 1929 stat. rev.
(Plate 108 figs 11-12, plate 112 figs 13-15,
plate 116 figs 12-14, plate 120 figs 12-13,
plate 122 fig. 17)
Ophiotettix burgersi modesta Bolfvar 1929: 883, 888;
Ophiotettix burgersi modesta Gunther 1938b: 3;
Ophiotettix burgersi modesta Gunther 1939: 34;
Oph/otett/x mocfestus Stein man n 1970b: 159;
Ophiotettix burgersi modesta Yin et al. 1996: 891;
Ophiotettix burgersi modesta Otte 1997: 53.
Holotype 6' MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik,
Prov.], Quelllager [4°32’S 142°41’E], 13.-16.VIII.1913,
leg. S. G. Burgers.
Pa retypes: 1$ (Allotype) MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[East Sepik, Prov.], Quelllager [4°32’S 142°41’E], 13.-
16.VIII.1913, leg. S. G. Burgers; 1$, ±3 MFN: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.], Quelllager [4°32’S
142 °41’E], 13.-16.VI 1 1.1913, leg. S. G. Burgers [antennae
lost]; 13 MNCN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik,
Prov.], Quelllager [4°32’S 142°41’E], 13.-16.VIII.1913,
leg. S. G. Burgers; 1$ MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East
Sepik, Prov.], Hunsteinspitze [4°30’S 142°35’E], 1350
m, VIII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers; 2$ MFN: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.], Hunsteinspitze [4°30’S
142°35’E], 25.11.1913, leg. S. G. Burgers [antennae
lost]; 1$ nymph MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik,
Prov.], Hunsteinspitze [4°30’S 142°35’E], 2.III.1913,
leg. S. G. Burgers [antennae lost]; 1$ MFN: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.], Leonh. Schultzefluss, Lager
1-4 [4°18’S 142°18’E], leg. S. G. Burgers; ±3 MFN:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.], Hauptlager bei
Malu [4°13’S 142°49’E], 1.-2.I.1913, leg. S. G. Burgers;
13 MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.],
Hauptlager bei Malu [4°13’S 142°49’E], 7.1.1913,
leg. S. G. Burgers; 1$ MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[East Sepik, Prov.], Hauptlager bei Malu [4°13’S
142°49’E], 27.1.1913, leg. S. G. Burgers [antennae
lost]; 2$ MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.],
Lager am Rosensee [4°22’S 142°43’E], 10.11.1913,
leg. S. G. Burgers [antennae lost]; 1$ MNCN: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.], Lager am Rosensee
[4°22’S 142°43’E], 11.11.1913, leg. S. G. Burgers; l3
MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, East Sepik Prov., Lager am
Rosensee [4°22’S 142°43’E], 13.11.1913, leg. S. G.
Burgers [antennae lost]; 13 MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[East Sepik, Prov.], Lager am Rosensee [4°22’S
142°43’E], 16.11.1913, leg. S. G. Burgers [antennae
lost].
Pa retypes after original publication which were not
traced: 1$, 23, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.],
Quelllager [4°32’S 142°41’E]; 1$, Lager am Rosensee
[4°22’S 142°43’E].
Additional material: 1$ MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[East Sepik Prov.], Kais.-Augustafl. Expedition, leg. S.
G. Burgers; 2$, 36' MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East
Sepik Prov.], Regen berg [4°52’S 144°07’E], 550 m, 8.-
15.V.1913, leg. S. G. Burgers {I^,l3 former pa retypes of
0. buergersi buergersi); 1$ SMTD: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[East Sepik Prov.], Regenberg [4°52’S 144°07’E], 550
m, 8.-15.V.1913, leg. S. G. Burgers; 2$ BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, [Madang Prov.], Adalbert Mts., Wanuma
543
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
[4°54’S 145°19’E], 800-1000 m, 26.X.1958, leg.
J. L. Gressitt [one antenna lost]; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA
bei Malu, 7.1.1913), pronotunn length 9.75 nnnn,
pronotunn lobe width 3.90 nnnn, pronotunn height
NEW GUINEA, [Madang Prov.j, Adalbert Mts., Wanunna 135 pjpuj fennur length 8.19 nnnn, hind fennur
[4°54S 145°19 E], 800-1000 nn, 27.X.1958, leg. J. L. ^ jq pp|pp|^ vertex width 0.45 nnnn, eye width
Gressitt.
Description: Apical and subapical segnnents
of the antennae black or brownish. Two apical
segnnents (segnnent 14+15 in PP, 13+14 in
connbined shorter than third apical segnnent
(segnnent 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
segnnents (segnnent 13+14+15 in
PP
- 7
Three apical
12+13+14
in
together as long as fourth segnnent fronn the
tip (segnnent 12 in
PP
- 7
11 in
Fifth antennal
.10 in
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 11 in
with a protruding edge at the inner dorsal nnargin.
Sixth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent
10 in P
9 in
as broad as third antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in
PP
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex run parallel. Tip
of the fastigiunn brightened. Median carina a little
bit deeper than the lateral carinae. Visible part
of the abdonnen base colour yellowish, with black
patches. Individuals fronn Wanunna connpletely
fit types’ nnorphology, but have head index is a
little shorter. Fennale fornn L. Schultzefluss is little
bit larger than other specinnens. Fourth and fifth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 11+12 in
are in this specinnen broader
10+11 in
than segnnents of the specinnens fronn Quellager.
Measurennents holotype
pronotunn length 8.97
nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.95 nnnn, pronotunn
height 1.90 nnnn, hind fennur length 8.32 nnnn, hind
fennur width 1.70 nnnn, vertex width 0.41 nnnn, eye
width 0.66 nnnn, antenna length 9.49 nnnn, head
length 5.0 nnnn, head index 2.0. Measurennents
paratype $ (allotype), pronotunn length 10.14 nnnn,
pronotunn lobe width 4.05 nnnn, pronotunn height
2.40 nnnn, hind fennur length 8.84 nnnn, hind fennur
width 1.70 nnnn, vertex width 0.37 nnnn, eye width
no nneasurennents, antenna length 8.71 nnnn, head
length 5.36 nnnn, head index 1.88. Measurennents
paratypes 1$ (Leonh. Schultzefluss, Lager 1-4),
pronotunn length 11.18 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width
4.60 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.55 nnnn, hind fennur
length 9.36 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.95 nnnn, vertex
width 0.43 nnnn, eye width 0.68 nnnn, antenna
length 8.84 nnnn, head length 5.52 nnnn, head index
2.18. 1 $ (Flunsteinspitze), pronotunn length 9.49
nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.80 nnnn, pronotunn
height 2.20 nnnn, hind fennur length 8.97 nnnn, hind
fennur width 1.65 nnnn, vertex width 0.39 nnnn, eye
width 0.66 nnnn, antenna length 8.79 nnnn, head
length 5.20 nnnn, head index 2.29. 1 3 (Flauptlager
0.59 nnnn, antenna length 8.97 nnnn, head length
4.88 nnnn, head index 1.91. 1 6 (Flauptlager bei
Malu, 1.-2. 1.1913), pronotunn length 9.36 nnnn,
pronotunn lobe width 3.85 nnnn, pronotunn height
1.65 nnnn, hind fennur length no nneasurennent,
hind fennur width no nneasurennent, vertex width
0.43 nnnn, eye width 0.57 nnnn, antenna length
8.45 nnnn, head length 4.72 nnnn, head index 2.1.
(Regenberg), pronotunn length 9.23 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 4.0 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.15 nnnn, hind
fennur length 8.45 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.70 nnnn,
vertex width 0.43 nnnn, eye width 0.68 nnnn, antenna
length 9.49 nnnn, head length 5.28 nnnn, head index
2.09. $ (Regenberg), pronotunn length 10.92 nnnn,
pronotunn lobe width 4.30 nnnn, pronotunn height
2.25 nnnn, hind fennur length 8.84 nnnn, hind fennur
width 1.80 nnnn, vertex width 0.43 nnnn, eye width
0.64 nnnn, antenna length 8.91 nnnn, head length
5.60 nnnn, head index 2.0.
Differential diagnosis: Bolfvar (1929) described
0. modesta as a subspecies of 0. buergersi. It is
distinguishable fronn 0. buergersi Bolfvar, 1929
accurately by sonne characters: 0. buergersi has
shorter neck (head index <1.5, 0. modesta >1.8). In
0. modesta the sixth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
is not widened as
in 0. buergersi. In 0. modesta hind fennora and the
tip of the fastigiunn is coloured (brightened), while
in 0. buergersi it is dark. 0. modesta has enough
strong differences (if here assessed variability of
Ophiotettix and difference between the species
are taken into account) fronn 0. buergersi and
we regard it valid, separate species. 0. modesta
is near to 0. buergersi and 0. sanguinea sp. nov.
(they all belong to Buergersi species group). In 0.
sanguinea sp. nov. the sixth antennal segnnent
fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in $$, 9 in
broader than the third antennal segnnent fronn the
tip (segnnent 13 in
IS
12 in
In 0. modesta it
is as broad as the third antennal segnnent fronn the
tip (segnnent 13 in
12 in
. 0. sanguinea sp.
nov. has a shorter neck (head index <1.8, while in
0. modesta >1.8). 0. modesta is one of the species
without pale coloured apical antennal segnnents,
subapical antennal segnnents with lannellate inner
nnargins and fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
with protruded lateral edge. It is protruded visibly
into spine or acute angle. 0. modesta is near
to 0. imbiana sp. nov., 0. rohwedderi sp. nov.,
0. schapinae sp. nov. and 0. tenuis sp. nov. (all
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
nnennbers of Buergersi species group. It differs
fronn these species (except 0. imbiana sp. nov. and
0. rohwedderi sp. nov.) by flat vertex. Fronn these
species it differs by three apical segnnents together
being as long as the fourth segnnent fronn the tip
(not longer than).
Distribution: Northeast of New Guinea fronn the
nniddle of Sepik River to the Adelbert Mountains in
the east.
Ophiotettix scolopax Bolivar, 1929 (Plate 104
figs 1-4, plate 108 fig. 13, plate 112 figs 16-
17, plate 116 figs 15-16, plate 120 figs 14-15,
plate 122 fig. 18)
Ophiotettix scoiopax Bolfvar 1929: 883, 891-892, figs
I, 2, 4, 5;
Ophiotettix scoiopax Gunther 1938b: 3;
Ophiotettix scoiopax Ste'mmann 1970b: 159;
Ophiotettix scoiopax Blackith 1992: 129;
Ophiotettix scoiopax Yin et al. 1996: 891;
Ophiotettix scoiopax Otte 1997: 54.
Holotype $ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Bivak Eiland [5°01’S 138°39’E], IX.1909, leg. Lorentz.
Pa retypes: 16' [1/19, allotype] MNCN: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Bivak Eiland [5°01’S 138°39’E],
II. 1910, leg. Lorentz [not seen]; 1$ [2/19] NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Bivak Eiland [5°0rS
138°39’E], IX.1909, leg. Lorentz. Ic/ [3/19] NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Noord Rivier [= Lorentz
River; 5°18’S 138°14’E], IX.1909, leg. Lorentz; 7$
[4/19, 10/19] NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Bivak Eiland [5°01’S 138°39’E], 1.1910, leg. Lorentz;
1$ [11/19] NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Bivak Eiland [5°0rS 138°39’E], 11.1910, leg. Lorentz;
5$ [12/19-16/19], MNCN: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Bivak Eiland [5°01’S 138°39’E], 1.1910, leg. Lorentz
[not seen]; 3$ [17/19-19/19], MNCN: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Bivak Eiland [5°01’S 138°39’E], 1.1910,
leg. Lorentz [not examined].
Additional material: 1$ BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Mimika River [4°30’S 136°30’E], VIII.1910,
leg. A. F. R. Wollaston.
Description: 0. scoiopax is one of the largest
species and has the neck longer than any other
species (head length >7 nnnn and head index >3).
Measurennents holotype $: pronotunn length 11.05
mm, pronotum lobe width 4.42 mm, pronotum
height 2.39 mm, hind femur length - mm, hind
femur width - mm, vertex width 0.47 mm, eye
width 0.65 mm, antenna length 11.96 mm, head
length 7.47 mm, head index 3.22. Measurements:
paratype 3 (Noord River), pronotum length 9.23
mm, pronotum lobe width 3.77 mm, pronotum
height 1.99 mm, hind femur length 10.53 mm, hind
femur width 1.56 mm, vertex width 0.41 mm, eye
width 0.64 mm, antenna length 11.96 mm, head
length 7.19 mm, head index 3.35. Measurements
paratype $ (6/19), pronotum length 11.18 mm,
pronotum lobe width 4.68 mm, pronotum height
2.31 mm, hind femur length 11.18 mm, hind femur
width 1.82 mm, vertex width 0.43 mm, eye width
0.72mm, antenna length 11.88 mm, head length
7.27 mm, head index 3.56.
Differential diagnosis: 0. scoiopax is similar
to 0. iimosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865), 0.
bomberaiensis sp. nov., 0. depressa sp. nov., 0.
fiiiforma sp. nov., 0. /ucesp. nov., 0. mountnokensis
sp. nov. and 0. projecta sp. nov. (all members of
Limosina species group, composed of species with
slender antennae without white tips). The species
is unique because of its very long neck.
Distribution: Region of Lorentz and Mimika
Rivers in the south coast of Indonesian New Guinea
(with 0. iorenzi Bolfvar, 1929 and 0. fiyriveriensis
sp. nov. the only species distributed south of the
Central Range).
Ophiotettix westwoodi Bolfvar, 1929 stat. rev.
(Plate 108 fig. 14, plate 112 figs 18-19, plate
116 figs 17-18, plate 120 figs 16-17, plate 122
fig. 19)
Ophiotettix burgersi westwoodi Bolfvar 1929: 887;
Ophiotettix burgersi westwoodi Gunther 1939: 34;
Ophiotettix westwoodi Ste'mmann 1970b: 159;
Ophiotettix burgersi westwoodi Y'm et al. 1996: 891;
Ophiotettix burgersi westwoodi Otte 1997: 53.
Holotype Ic/ MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik,
Prov.], Maanderberg [4°07’S 141°40’E], 21.-30.
VIII. 1913, leg. Burgers.
Pa retypes: 1$ [allotype] MFN PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[East Sepik, Prov.], Maanderberg [4°07’S 141°40’E],
21.-30.VIII.1913, leg. Burgers; 1$ MFN: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.], Maanderberg [4°07’S
141°40’E], 21.-30.VIII.1913, leg. Burgers; 1$ MFN:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.], Maanderberg
[4°07’S 141°40’E], 1.-10.VIII.1913, leg. Burgers;
2(6 MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.],
Maanderberg [4°07’S 141°40’E], 670 m, 19.-31.
VII. 1913, leg. Burgers [antennae lost]; Ic/ MNCN: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.], Maanderberg [4°07’S
141°40’E], 670 m, 19.-31. VI 1.1913, leg. Burgers;
1$ MNCN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik, Prov.],
Hauptlager bei Malu [4°13’S 142°49’E], 20.1.1913, leg.
S. G. Burgers.
Additional nnaterial: 2$, Ic/ nynnph BMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Cyclops Mts., 3400-4500
ft., 111.1936, leg. L. E. Cheesnnan [1$ antennae lost];
9$, 5(6, 2(6 nymphs BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Cyclops Mts., 3500 ft., 111.1936, leg. L. E. Cheesman [4$,
4(6 antennae lost] (NHMUK 10924594-10924609);
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
3$, 4(5', 1$ nymph BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Cyclops Mts., Mt. Lina, 3500-4500 ft., 111.1936, leg. L. E.
Cheesman [3$, 2(5' antennae lost] (NHMUK 10924610-
10924617); 2$ BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Mt.
Nomo, S. of Mt. Bougainville, 700 ft., 11.1936, leg. L.
E. Cheesman [1$ antennae lost] (NHMUK 10924618-
10924619); 1(5' nymph BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, NJau-limon, 300 ft., 11.1936, leg. L. E. Cheesman
(NHMUK10924620);2(5', 2$ nymphs,2(5' nymphs BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, [Cyclops Mts.], Ifar [2°34’S
140°31’E], 300-600 m, 20.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; 3$,
1(5' BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, [Cyclops Mts.],
Ifar [2°34’S 140°31’E], 400-550 m, 23.VI.1959, leg. T.
C. Maa;2$ BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, [Cyclops
Mts.], Hollandia, Kota Baru [2°31’S 140°41’E], 25.-28.
VI. 1962, leg. J. L. Gressitt & N. Wilson [1$ antennae lost];
1$ BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Cyclops Mts., Ifar
[2°34’S 140°3rE], 300-500 m, 23.-25.VI.1962, leg. J.
L. Gressitt; 1$, 1$ nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Cyclops Mts., Ifar [2°34’S 140°31’E], 300-500
m, 23.-25.VI. 1962, leg. J. L. Gressitt & J. Sedlacek [1$
antennae lost]; 6$ BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Cyclops Mts., Ifar [2°34’S 140°31’E], 300-500 m, 26.-
28.VI.1962, leg. J. Sedlacek [4$ antennae lost]; 1(5', 1$
nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Cyclops Mts.,
Ifar [2°34’S 140°31’E], 300-500 m, 28.-30.VI.1962,
leg. J. L. Gressitt; 2$ BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Cyclops Mts., Ifar [2°34’S 140°31’E], 400-800 m,
7.-9.IX.1962, leg. J. Sedlacek [antennae lost]. 1$ NCB-
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Boven Sermowai
rivier [2°45’S 140°15’E], 400 m, 6.V.1911, leg. P. N.
V. Kampen [antennae lost]. 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [EastSepik, Prov.], Wewak [3°35’S 143°37’E],
2-20 m, 13.X.1957, leg. J. L. Gressitt [antennae lost].
Description: Apical segnnents of the antennae
pale (third segnnent fronn the tip only a little). No
antennal segnnent with cleartip at the inner margin.
Three apical segments (segment 13+14+15 in
12+13+14 in
99
- 7
together as long as or longer
than the fourth segment from the tip (segment
. Outer margin of the fourth
12 in
11 in
antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
lamellate and curved. Apical segments
with narrow whitish bristles. Lateral carinae of the
vertex parallel. Median carina of the vertex lower
than the lateral carinae. Lateral carinae of the
vertex brightened. Pronotum with yellow stripes.
Most of the body coloured. Head, in frontal view,
and ventral margin of the hind femora yellow. The
brightness of the third antennal segment from the
tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in (^3) varies - from a
little at the tip (female from Cyclops Mts.) to more
than a half (specimen from Ifar). The specimens
from Cyclops Mts. (Mt. Lina, Mt. Nomo, leg. L.E.
Cheesman) differs in colouration of the second
and third antennal segment from the tip (segment
13+14 in 9 9, 12+13 in
: the third segment has
no pale colouration and the second segment is not
pale at all, but a little brownish to the third segment.
We find no other differences between the types and
the specimens from Cyclops Mts. Further studies
are needed to answer how diverse are specimens of
this species, and if there is whole species complex
inside with endemic taxa (species or subspecies)
in isolated mountains. Measurements holotype
pronotum length 7.54 mm, pronotum lobe width
3.25 mm, pronotum height 2.0 mm, hind femur
length 6.63 mm, hind femur width 1.45 mm, vertex
width 0.39 mm, eye width 0.61 mm, antenna length
7.80 mm, head length 4.25 mm, head index 1.38.
Measurements pa retype
(allotype), pronotum
length 8.58 mm, pronotum lobe width 3.75 mm,
pronotum height 2.40 mm, hind femur length 7.67
mm, hind femur width 1.70 mm, vertex width 0.39
mm, eye width 0.66 mm, antenna length 8.45 mm,
head length 4.90 mm, head index 1.55. Two other
paratypes have head length 4.70 mm and head
index 1.71. 1$ and ±3 from Ifar have head length
4.7 (4.3) mm and head index 1.36 (1.48).
Differentia
diagnosis:
Bolfvar
(1929)
describes 0. westwoodi as a subspecies of 0.
buergersi Bolfvar, 1929. It differs a lot from 0.
buergersi by pale apical antennal segments and the
fourth antennal segment from tip (segment 12 in
, which does not have distinctly long
o
- h ?
11 in
tip at the inner margin. 0. westwoodi is regarded
as a separate species from 0. buergersi, not its
subspecies, but a valid species. As a species with
pale apical antennal segments and at least one
antennal segment with a protruding tip at the inner
margin at the fourth antennal segment from the tip
0. westwoodi is close to 0. cheesmanae sp. nov.
and 0. meggysp. nov. (all members of Westwoodi
species group, together with 0. fritzpahii sp. nov.).
In 0. cheesmanae sp. nov., third antennal segment
from the tip is brightened to the half (in 0. westwoodi
only at the tip). The fifth antennal segment from the
tip in 0. meggy sp. nov. has a protruding edge at
the inner dorsal margin (in 0. westwoodi not) and
furthermore 0. meggy sp. nov. has distinct silver
bristles on the apical antennal segments (in 0.
westwoodi not).
Distribution: From the environment of Jayapura
in Indonesian New Guinea west to the upper Sepik
River and Wewak in Sandaun and East Sepik
Province.
Catalogue of the new species
Species arranged alphabetically.
Ophiotettix amberiana sp. nov. (Plate 105 fig. 1,
plate 109 figs 1-2, plate 113 figs 1-2, plate
117 figs 1-2, plate 121 fig. 1)
546
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
Holotype 6' BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Waigeo, Mt. Nok, IV.1938, leg. L. E. Cheesman.
Paratypes: 3$, 26' (1/7-5/7) BMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Waigeo, Mt. Nok, IV.1938, leg. L. E.
Cheesman, deposited in ZFMK (4/7), [3$, 2$ antennae
lost]; 1$ (6/7) BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Waigeo, Mt. Nok, Camp 2, IV.1938, leg. L. E. Cheesman,
deposited in ZFMK [antennae lost]; 1$ (7/7) BMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Waigeo, Camp Nok, 2500
ft., IV.1938, leg. L. E. Cheesman [antennae lost].
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. The species is
manned after its type locality, Waigeo Island. The
island is also known by the nanne Annberi, which we
found nnore suitable for the stenn of Latin adjective,
fronn it consequently nnaking fenninine gender
of amberianus, -a -unn (first and second Latin
declension adjective).
Description: Antennal segnnents black. Third to
fifth antennal segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents
11+12+13 in
99
- 7
10+11+12 in
like a
“cup”, with a long tip at the inner nnargin. Apical
segnnents with sonne narrow whitish bristles. Two
apical segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in 99, 13+14
in
together shorter than apical third segnnent
(segnnent 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15 in
Three apical
, 12+13+14
in
together shorter than fourth segnnent
fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
Sixth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
9 in 33) as broad as third antennal segnnent from
the tip (segment 13 in o
12 in
Fourth and
fifth antennal segments from the tip (segment
11+12 in
10+11 in
more than 3x as wide
as the second apical antennal segment from the
tip (segment 14 in
99
- 7
13 in
Lateral carinae
of the vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigium dark.
Median carina of the vertex nearly as high as the
lateral carinae. Pronotum with reddish stripes.
Visible part of the abdomen black. Hind femora
with a brightened strip at the dorsal margin.
Measurements holotype
(pronotum a little bit
damaged): pronotum length 9.23 mm, pronotum
lobe width 3.05 mm, pronotum height 1.75 mm,
hind femur length 8.06 mm, hind femur width 1.75
mm, vertex width 0.49 mm, eye width 0.72 mm,
antenna length 10.14 mm, head length 4.90 mm,
head index 1.64. Measurements paratypes 5
pronotum length (5): 10.4 - 11.83 mm, average
11.26 mm; pronotum lobe width (5): 4.05 - 4.95
mm, average 4.46 mm; pronotum height (5): 2.25 -
2.90 mm, average 2.64 mm; hind femur length (5):
8.58 - 11.18 mm, average 9.85 mm; hind femur
width (5): 1.65 - 2.05 mm, average 2.01 mm;
vertex width (4): 0.47 - 0.55 mm, average 0.51 mm;
eye width (4): 0.68 - 0.74 mm, average 0.72 mm;
antenna length (0): -; head length (5): 5.28 - 5.76
mm, average 5.57 mm; head index (5): 1.57 - 1.96
mm, average 1.76 mm. Measurements paratypes
33 (including holotype): pronotum length (3): 9.23
- 9.75 mm, average 9.49 mm; pronotum lobe width
(2, without holotype): 3.75 - 4.40 mm, average
3.88 mm; pronotum height (2, without holotype):
2.05 - 2.70 mm, average 2.38 mm; hind femur
length (3): 8.06 - 8.58 mm, average 8.32 mm; hind
femur width (3): 1.6 - 1.75 mm, average 1.67 mm;
vertex width (3): 0.47 - 0.49 mm, average 0.48 mm;
eye width (3): 0.68 - 0.72 mm, average 0.69 mm
antenna length (2): 10.14 - 10.53 mm, average
4.86 mm; head length (3): 4.9 - 5.12 mm, average
5.02 mm; head index (3): 1.48 - 1.73 mm, average
1.62 mm.
Differential diagnosis: 0. amberiana sp. nov.
is one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segments, subapical antennal segments
with lamellate inner margins and the third antennal
segment from the tip with a distinctly protruding
long tip at the inner margin. 0. amberiana sp. nov.
is near to 0. cygnicollis sp. nov., 0. pushkari sp. nov.,
0. storozhenkoi sp. nov. (Cygnicollis species group)
and 0. toxopei sp. nov. (Toxopei species group). 0.
toxopei sp. nov. is unique in having widened third
antennal segment from the tip. 0. amberiana sp.
nov. differs from other species of the Cygnicollis
species group in morphology of the sixth antennal
segment, which is as broad as the third antennal
segment from the tip and not smaller (>0.18 mm).
Distribution: Only found on Mount Nok in the
north of Waigeo Island.
Ophiotettix bewana sp. nov. (Plate 105 fig. 2, plate
109 fig. 3, plate 113 fig. 3, plate 117 fig. 3,
plate 121 fig. 2)
Holotype $ BMNH: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Humboldt Bay
Dist. [Sandaun Prov.], Bewani Mts. [3°10’S 141°15’E],
IX.1937, leg. W. StCiber.
Derivatio nominis: The species is named after
the region of the locus typicus. The specific epithet
is a Latin adjective (first and second declension) in
the feminine gender (bewanus, -a, -urn).
Description: First apical antennal segment and
the half of the second (segments 14+15 in $
13+14 in 33) lighter brownish. Other segments of
the antennae dark brownish. Lamellate antennal
segments lacking. Two apical segments (segments
14+15 in 9 9, 13+14 in
together shorter than
third apical segment (segment 13 in
12 in
. Three apical segments (segments 13+14+15
547
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
in
12+13+14 in
together longer than
fourth segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
Fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 12 in 11 in 33) narrow, without
protruding edge at the inner dorsal nnargin. Fifth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 11 in
, 10 in 33) with straight dorsal nnargin. Sixth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
99
- 7
9 in
narrower than the third antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in 12 in
. Lateral carinae of the vertex convergent. Tip
of the fastigiunn dark. Vertex, in frontal view, flat,
nnedian carina of the vertex as high as the lateral
carinae. Pronotunn with yellow lateral parts and
infrascapular area. Visible part of the abdonnen
predonninantly yellow. Flind fennur partially yellow.
Measurennents holotype pronotunn length 9.62
nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 4.03 nnnn, pronotunn
height 2.50 nnnn, hind fennur length 8.97 nnnn, hind
fennur width 1.60 nnnn, vertex width 0.49 nnnn, eye
width 0.64 nnnn, antenna length 10.14 nnnn, head
length 5.20 nnnn, head index 2.23.
Differential diagnosis: 0. bewana sp. nov. is
one of the species with very narrow nnargins of the
antennal segnnents and no protruding tip at the
inner nnargin (nnennbers of the Linnosina species
group). Together with 0. mountnokensis sp. nov.
and 0. scolopax (also nnennbers of Linnosina species
group), they are the only species of this group (and
of the genus) with convergent lateral carina. It is
easily separated fronn 0. scolopax by the shorter
neck and fronn 0. mountnokensis sp. nov. by the
dark tip of the fastigiunn.
Distribution: Bewani Mountains.
Ophiotettix bomberaiensis sp. nov. (Plate 104 figs
6-7, plate 105 figs 3-4, plate 109 figs 4-5, plate
113 figs 4-5, plate 117 figs 4-5, plate 121 fig.
3)
Holotype 6' BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Vogel kop, S. coast of Bonnberai, Fak Fak [2°55’S
132°17’E], 100-700 m, 5.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa.
Paratypes: 1$ (1/27) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Vogel kop, S. coast of Bonnberai, Fak Fak
[2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-700 m, 3.VI.1959, leg. J.
L. Gressitt [antennae lost]; b3 (2/27-6/27) BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop, S. coast of
Bomberai, Fak Fak [2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-700 m,
4. VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa, deposited in ZFMK (2/27)
and NCB-RMNH (3/27) [23 antennae lost]; ±3 (7/27),
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA BPBM: Vogelkop, S. coast
of Bomberai, Fak Fak [2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-700 m,
5. VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa, [antennae lost]; 2$, 23 (8/27-
11/27) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop, S.
coast of Bomberai, Fak Fak [2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-
700 m, 8.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa, deposited in BMNH
(9/27) and ZFMK (11/27) [1$ antennae lost]; ±3
(12/27) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop,
S. coast of Bomberai, Fak Fak [2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-
700 m, 9.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; 1$ (13/27) BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula],
Bomberi, 700-900 m, 3.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt;
1$, 13 (14/27-15/27) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900
m, 4.VI.1959, leg. J. L Gressitt; ±3 (16/27) BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula],
Bomberi, 700-900 m, 4.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; 3$,
23 (17/27-21/27) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Vogelkop, Bomberi (lx Alpinia, lx Ginger, lx Palm),
700-900 m, 5.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt, deposited in
NCB-RMNH (17/27) and BMNH (18/27); 23 (22/27-
23/27) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop
[Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900 m, 7.VI.1959, leg.
J. L. Gressitt [13 antennae lost]; 1$, ±3 (24/27-25/27)
BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin
Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900 m, 7.VI.1959, leg. T. C.
Maa, deposited in ZFMK (25/27) [antennae lost]; ±3
(26/27) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop
[Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900 m, 9.VI.1959,
leg. T. C. Maa; 1$ (27/27) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900
m, 9.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt.
Additional material: 1$ MSNG: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Kapaor [2°53’S 132°16’E], IV.1873, leg. L M.
d’Albertis; b3 nymphs, 4$ nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop, S. coast of Bomberai, Fak Fak
[2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-700 m, 4.VI.1959, leg. T. C.
Maa; 1$ nymph, 33 nymphs BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop, S. coast of Bomberai, Fak
Fak [2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-700 m, 5.VI.1959, leg.
T. C. Maa; 1$ nymph, 1 3 [head lost], 23 nymphs
BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop, S. coast
of Bomberai, Fak Fak [2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-700 m,
8.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; ±3 nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-
900 m, 4.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; 2$ nymphs BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula],
Bomberi, 700-900 m, 5.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt;
5$ nymphs, 23 nymphs BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-
900 m, 6.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; 3$ nymphs BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula],
Bomberi, 700-900 m, 6.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 2$
nymphs BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop
[Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900 m, 7.VI.1959,
leg. T. C. Maa; 23 nymphs BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-
900 m, 7.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt; ±3 nymph BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop, Bomberi (Palm),
700-900 m, 9.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt.
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. The species is
manned after the region of the locus typicus. It is a
Latin adjective of the Third declension, in fenninine
548
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
gender (bonnberaiensis, -e).
Description: All antennal segnnents brownish.
No antennal segnnent broadly lannellate. Third to
fifth antennal segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents
11+12+13 in
inner margins. Apical segments with narrow whitish
bristles. Two apical segments (segments 14+15
together shorter than third
99
- 7
10+11+12 in (^c?) with low
in
99
- 7
13+14 in
apical segment (segment 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
Three apical segments (segment 13+14+15 in
99
- 7
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth
segmentfrom the tip (segment 12 in 11 in
Fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in
, 11 in
, narrow and elongate, longer than
fifth antennal segment from the tip (segment 11 in
10 in Sixth antennal segmentfrom the tip
(segment 10 in o
, 9 in
broader than the third
antennal segmentfrom the tip (segment 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
. Lateral carinae of the vertex convergent.
Tip of the fastigium brightened with one exception
(paratype 25/27 has dark fastigium). Vertex, in
frontal view, flat, median carina of the vertex as
high as lateral carinae. Pronotum not with distinct
yellow stripes, only with small lines. Visible part
of the abdomen and lateral lobes yellow. 33 with
a head index 1.30 to 1.32 (smaller than in other
specimens) show no other differences and we regard
them to fit variability of the species. Measurements
holotype
pronotum length 7.54 mm, pronotum
lobe width 3.35 mm, pronotum height 1.85 mm,
hind femur length 9.10 mm, hind femur width 1.40
mm, vertex width 0.35 mm, eye width 0.74 mm,
antenna length 8.84 mm, head length 4.75 mm,
head index 1.52. Measurements paratypes 10$:
pronotum length (10$): 8.19 - 9.88 mm, average
8.63 mm; pronotum lobe width (10$): 3.75 - 4.30
mm, average 3.86 mm; pronotum height (10$):
1.75 - 2.25 mm, average 1.96 mm; hind femur
length (6$): 9.75 - 10.40 mm, average 9.99 mm;
hind femur width (6$): 1.45 - 1.55 mm, average
1.51 mm; vertex width (10$): 0.37 - 0.49 mm,
average 0.43 mm; eye width (10$): 0.66 - 0.78
mm, average 0.70 mm; antenna length (7$): 9.49
- 10.40 mm, average 9.92 mm; head length (10$):
5.04 - 5.68 mm, average 5.26 mm; head index :
1.46 - 1.80 mm, average 1.61 mm. Measurements
paratypes 186' (including holotype): pronotum
length (18(6): 6.76 - 8.84 mm, average 7.42 mm;
pronotum lobe width {183 within holotype): 3.15
- 3.18 mm, average 3.36 mm; pronotum height
(18(6 within holotype): 1.3 - 1.90 mm, average 1.67
mm; hind femur length (17
: 8.84 - 10.40 mm.
average 9.25 mm; hind femur width (17(6): 1.3 -
1.65 mm, average 1.39 mm; vertex width (18(6):
0.35 - 0.49 mm, average 0.42 mm; eye width
(18(6): 0.49 - 0.74 mm, average 0.66 mm; antenna
length (12(6): 8.84 - 10.40 mm, average 9.75 mm;
head length (18(6): 4.56 - 5.20 mm, average 4.86
mm; head index (18(6): 1.35 - 1.74 mm, average
1.54 mm
Differential diagnosis: 0. bomberaiensis sp.
nov. is one of the species with dark antennae and
antennal segments with small margins but not
lamellate or broadened. Other species of this group
(Limosina species group) with similar antennae
are: 0. scolopax Bolfvar, 1929, 0. bewana sp. nov.,
0. depressa sp. nov., 0. filiforma sp. nov., 0. luce
sp. nov., 0. mountnokensis sp. nov. and 0. projecta
sp. nov. Only 0. limosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven,
1865) in this group has completely rounded
antennal segments. 0. bomberaiensis sp. nov.
differs from all other species by the fourth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
morphology. It is narrow and elongate, longer
than fifth antennal segment from the tip (segment
11 in $$, 10 in
Distribution: Fak Fak Mountains, Onin Peninsula
in the west of Bomberai Peninsula.
Ophiotettix brevicollis sp. nov. (Plate 105 figs 5-6,
plate 109 figs 6-7, plate 113 figs 6-7, plate
117 figs 6-7, plate 121 fig. 4)
Holotype: (6 BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe
Prov.], [Kuper Range], Wau, Mt. Missim [7°13’S
146°49’E], 1100 m, 17.1.1963, leg. H. W. Clissold.
Paratypes: 1$, ±3 (1/41, 2/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [Morobe Prov., Kuper Range, Wau], Mt. Missim
[7°13’S 146°49’E], 1100 m, 22.11.1968, leg. P. Colman;
1$, 1(6 (3/41-4/42) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., [Kuper Range], Wau, Mt. Missim [7°13’S
146°49’E], 1100 m, 17.1.1963, leg. H. W. Clissold [both
antennae lost]; 1$ (5/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[Morobe Prov., Kuper Range, Wau], Mt. Missim, 7°13’S
146°98’E, 1500 m, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek; 1$ (6/41)
ANSP: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov., Kuper Range,
Wau], Mt. Missim, [7°13’S 146°49’E], leg. Stevens; 1$
(7/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau,
Nami Creek, 1700 m, 22.VIII.1963, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$
(8/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau,
Nami Creek, 1700 m, 17.V.1965, leg. J. Sedlacek; 2$,
2(6 (9/41-12/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe
Prov., Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E], 1200 m, 16.VI.1961,
leg. J. Sedlacek, deposited in BMNH (9/41), [12/41
antennae lost]; 1$ (13/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E], 1200 m,
27.X.1961, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$ (14/41) BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E],
1200 m, 15.VIII.1961, leg. J. Sedlacek; 2$ (15/41-
16/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau
[7°20’S 146°43’E], 1200 m, 19.XI.1961, leg. J. H., J.
549
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
& M. Sedlacek, deposited in NCB-RMNH (16/41); 1$
(17/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau
[7 ° 20’S 146 °43’E], 1270 m, 14.V.1962, leg. J. Sedlacek;
1$ (18/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E], 1200 m, 2.VI.1962, leg. J.
Sedlacek; !(/ (19/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E], 1700 m,
7.11.1963, leg. J. Sedlacek, deposited in NCB-RMNH; !(/
(20/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau
[7°20’S 146°43’E], 1250 m,3.IV.1964, leg. J. Sedlacek;
1$, 1(5' (21/41, 22/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E], 1150-1600 m,
9.11.1968, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$ (23/41) BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E],
1700 nn, 15.1.1969, leg. J. Sedlacek, deposited in ZFMK;
(24/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E], 1700 m, 12.111.1969, leg.
J. Sedlacek; 1$ (25/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E], 1750 m,
14.V.1969, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1(5' (26/41) BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E],
1700nn, 21.VII.1969, leg. Y. Hirashinna, deposited
in ZFMK; 1$ (27/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E], 1100 - 1200 m,
VII.1968, leg. N. L. H. Krauss; 1$, 1(5' (28/41, 29/41),
HNHM, New Guinea, NG.W C.17; 1$ (30/41) MEN:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Junzaing, 1.1929, leg. E. Mayr; 1$
(31/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Bulldog Road, S of Wau (collected on Evia spec.), 2700
- 2950 m, 1974, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 1(5' (32/41) BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Kilolo Creek, 7 km W
of Wau, 1070 m, 15.-25.VIII. 1967, leg. Tawi, deposited
in BMNH; 1$ (33/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[Morobe Prov.], Garaina [7°53’S 147°08’E], 800 m,
16.1.1968, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek; 1$ (34/41) BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov.], Garaina [7°53’S
147°08’E], 800 m, 29.XI.-17.XII.1969, leg. A. B. Mirza;
1(5' (35/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Kuper Range.,
700 m, 24.1.1969, leg. J. Sedlacek; 2(5' (36/41-37/41)
BMNH: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Herzog Mts,
Vagau [6°49’S 146°45’E], 4000 ft., 4.-17.I.1965, leg.
M. E. Bacchus; 1(5' (38/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Aseki [7°21’S 146°12’E], 1100 m,
13.IV.1974, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 1$ (39/41), BPBM; PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Aseki [7°2rS 146°12’E],
1100 m, 13.IV.1974, leg. R. Sakomdaru; 1$, 1(5' (40/41-
41/41) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Bulolo Gorge, ca. 800 m, 17.1.1962, leg. G. Monteith.
Additional material (all antennae lost or damaged or
Juvenile): 4$, 1$ nymph, 1(5' nymph BMNH: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Mafulu, 4000 ft, 1.1934, leg. L. E. Cheesman
(NHMUK 010924382 - 010924387); 1$ nymph BMNH:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Kokoda [8°39’S 147°15’E], 1200
ft, VI.1933, leg. LE. Cheesman (NHMUK 010924390);
1(5', 1$ BMNH: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Kokoda [8°39’S
147°15’E], 1200 ft, VIII.1933, leg. LE. Cheesman
(NHMUK 010924388 + 010924590389); 1(5', 3$
nymphs BMNH: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Central Prov.],
Mt. Tafa [8°38’S 147°11’E], 8500 ft, 11.1934, leg. L. E:
Cheesman; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe
Prov., Wau, 1200 m, 27.VI.1961, leg. J. H. Sedlacek;
1(5' nymph BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Wau [7°20’S 146°43’E], 1300 m, 26.-27.VI 1.1961, leg.
J. Sedlacek; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe
Prov., Wau, 1200 m, 25.VIII.1961, leg. J. Sedlacek;
1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau,
1050 m, 30.IX.1961, leg. J. H., J. & M. Sedlacek; 1(5'
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau, 1050
m, 2.X.1961, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1(5' BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau, Edie Ck. (M.V. Light Trap)
[7°20’S 146°43’E], 2000 m, 4.-10.X.1961, leg. J. &
J. H.Sedlacek; 1$, 1(5' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau, 1200 m, 18.XI 1.1961, leg. L. W.
Quate; 4$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Wau, 1200 m, 22.XII.1961, leg. J. H. & J. Sedlacek; 1(5'
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau, 1200-
1300 m, 4.11.1962, leg. G. Monteith; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau, 1200 m, 2.VI.1962,
leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$, 1(5' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau, 1200 m, 15.-30.IX.1962, leg. J.
Sedlacek; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe
Prov., Wau, 1700 m, 28.1.1963, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau Ck.,
1500 m, 28.111.1963, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1(5' BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau, 1200 m, 5.V.1963,
leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau, 1300 m, 24.XI.1963, leg. J. L.
Gressitt; 1$, 1(5' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe
Prov., Wau, 1250 m, 3.IV.1964, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau, Nami
Ck., 1700 m, 22.V.1965, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$ BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau, 1200-1300 m,
IX.1965, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$ nymph BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau, 1200 m, 14.111.1966, leg.
J. L. Gressitt; 1$ nymph BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau, Edie Ck., 1700 m, 2.IV.1966, leg. J.
L. Gressitt; 1$ nymph, 1(5' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Wau, 1150-1600 m, 9.11.1968, leg. J.
Sedlacek; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe
Prov., Wau, 1200-1500 m, VII.1968, leg. N. L. H. Krause;
1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Wau,
18.VI., leg. J. & M. Sedlacek; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Morobe Prov., [Kuper Range], Wau, Mt. Missim
[7°13’S 146°49’E], 1650 m, 1.III.1963, leg. J. Sedlacek;
1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov., Kuper
Range, Wau], Mt. Missim [7°13’S 146°49’E], 1100
m, 22.11.1968, leg. P. Colman; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [Morobe Prov., Kupfer Range, Wau], Mt. Missim
(Primary forest under story), [7°13’S 146°49’E], 1600
m, leg. Thane Pratt; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Bulldog Road, 70 km S of Wau, 1100-
1800 m, 22.-31.-V.1969, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1(5' BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Bulldog Road, 60
km S of Wau, 2070 m, 22.-31.-V.1969, leg. J. Sedlacek;
1(5' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Bulolo,
1700 m, 26.XI.1969, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek; 1$ BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., 20 km ESE Kaisenik
(Longleef Pipturus) [7°28’S 146°56’E], 1500 m.
550
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
5.X.1974, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Aseki (on Sloania) [7°21’S
146°12’E], 1100 m, 13.IV.1974, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 1$
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Mt. Shungol,
Rah [6°52’S 146°43’E], 1250 m, 1.VI.1967, leg. J. L.
Gressitt; 16' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Garaina [7°53’S 147°08’E], 830 m, 15.1.1968, leg. J.
& M. Sedlacek; 1$, 2$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Garaina [7°53’S 147°08’E], 800 m,
16.1.1968, leg. J.&M. Sedlacek; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Garaina [7°53’S 147°08’E],
550-750 m, 16.1.1968, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek; 1$ BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Tapini [8°22’S
146°59’E], 1000-1100 m, 18.V.1961, leg. J. L. & M.
Gressitt; 1$ BMNH: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Dist.,
Herzog Mts, Vagau Vagau [6°49’S 146°45’E], 4000 ft.,
4.-17.I.1965, leg. M. E. Bacchus [antennae damaged]; 1(6
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Mt. Lawson,
Camp 3 (on Trema orientalis) [7°44’S 146°37’E], 1400
m, 13.111.1974, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 1(6, 1$ nymph BMNH:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Mt. Missim, [7 ° 13’S
146°49’E], 1900 m, 12.VII.1990, leg. G. W. Beccaloni
(NHMUK 010924589 + 010924590).
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet is a
connbination of two Latin words, one adjective and a
noun - ‘brevi-’ being borrowed fronn Third declension
adjective ‘brevis, -e’, nneaning short, while ‘collis’
is ablative plural of the neuter gender second (-us)
declension noun ‘collunn, -i, n.’ nneaning neck.
Whole epithet thus nneans ‘with short neck’ and
is plural noun in ablative. The species is nanned in
such way because of the short head.
Description: Apical and subapical segnnents of
the antennae black, other segnnents brownish. Two
apical segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in $$, 13+14 in
together longer than the third apical segnnent
(segnnent 13 in
o
12 in
. Three apical
segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15 in PP, 12+13+14
in
together longer than fourth segnnent fronn
the tip (segnnent 12 in
11 in
. Only fourth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
11 in
with a protruding tip at the inner dorsal
nnargin. This segnnent is widened towards the tip.
Inner edge of the dorsal nnargin of the fifth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 11 in
,10 in
runs backwards. Lateral carinae of the vertex run
parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn brightened. Median
Carina, in frontal view, deeper than the lateral
carinae. Pronotunn with yellow stripes. Visible part
of the abdonnen partially yellow. Measurennents
holotype
pronotunn length 6.64 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 3.0 nnnn, pronotunn height 1.70 nnnn,
hind fennur length 6.40 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.32
nnnn, vertex width 0.27 nnnn, eye width 0.59 nnnn,
antenna length 6.15 nnnn, head length 3.90 nnnn.
head index 1.19. Measurennents paratypes 25
pronotunn length (25$); 7.41 - 9.10 nnnn, average
8.11 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (25$); 3.4 - 3.75
nnnn, average 3.53 nnnn; pronotunn height (24$);
1.45 - 2.15 nnnn, average 1.59 nnnn; hind fennur
length (21$); 6.63 - 8.19 nnnn, average 7.45 nnnn;
hind fennur width (21$); 1.45 - 1.75 nnnn, average
1.61 nnnn; vertex width (25$); 0.27 - 0.40 nnnn,
average 0.35 nnnn; eye width (25$); 0.55 - 0.64
nnnn, average 0.60 nnnn; antenna length (23$);
5.85 - 7.15 nnnn, average 6.43 nnnn; head length
(24$); 3.0 - 4.65 nnnn, average 4.06 nnnn; head
index (24$); 1.1 - 1.45 nnnn, average 1.32 nnnn;
Measurennents, paratypes 16
pronotunn length
(16(6): 6.33-7.28 nnnn, average 6.79 nnnn; pronotunn
lobe width (16(6): 2.8-3.20 nnnn, average 3.02 nnnn;
pronotunn height (16(6): 1.25-1.75 nnnn, average
1.48 nnnn; hind fennur length (10(6): 6.24-7.02 nnnn,
average 6.54 nnnn; hind fennur width (9(6): 1.32-
1.50 nnnn, average 1.44 nnnn; vertex width (16(6):
0.27-0.37 nnnn, average 0.32 nnnn; eye width (16(6):
0.55-0.60 nnnn, average 0.58 nnnn; Antenna length
(15(6): 5.59-7.15 nnnn, average 6.36 nnnn; head
length (16(6): 3.6-4.10 nnnn, average 3.88 nnnn;
head index (16(6): 1.05-1.50 nnnn, average 1.27
nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: 0. brevicollis sp. nov.
is one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents
with lannellate inner nnargins and the upper edge of
the fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip is straight
or curved backwards. The fourth antennal segnnent
fronn the tip is widened in its whole length towards
the tip. There are three other species with sinnilar
characters: 0. roesleri sp. nov. (Brevicollis species
group), 0. stallei sp. nov. (Stallei species groups)
and 0. subbrevicollis sp. nov. (Brevicollis species
group). All the nnentioned species are very snnall
in body size. 0. brevicollis sp. nov. differs fronn 0.
stallei sp. nov. and 0. subbrevicollis sp. nov. by
the sixth antennal segnnent fronn the tip which is
not widened with a recognizable edge. Fronn 0.
roesleri sp. nov. it differs by the brightened tip of
the fastigiunn and even snnaller size.
Distribution: Kuper Range and north of Owen
Stanley Range south to Tapini.
Ophiotettix cheesmanae sp. nov. (Plate 105 fig. 7,
plate 109 fig. 8, plate 113 fig. 8, plate 117 fig.
8, plate 121 fig. 5)
Holotype: $ BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Yapen, Central Range, Mt. Oud, Camp 3 [1°44’50”S
136°12’07”E], 3500 ft., XI.1938, leg. L E. Cheesman.
551
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The species is
manned after Lucy Evelyn Cheesnnan (1882-1969).
This lovely British entonnologist, anthropologist,
polyglot, adventurer and heroine spent 12 years
(during the 1920s and 1930s) travelling alone
(without European colleagues) and investigating
nature in the New Guinean Region, meeting
local tribes and learning local languages. She
was known among local tribes as ‘the Woman
Who Walks’ and our favourite - ‘the Lady of the
Mountains’. She collected between 1924 and
1952 in eight expeditions in the South Pacific
over 70000 specimens. We are honoured to work
on the material she collected during her peculiar
expeditions, and happy to dedicate this species to
her. The specific epithet represents the genitive
case of the first declension (a- declension, de facto
only for feminine gender nouns) Latinized form of
Lucy’s surname ‘Cheesmana, ae, f.’ We decided
to name this species from the high, inaccessible
mountains of Yapen island In her honour - let it
be an adventure to find the Giraffehopper of Lucy
Evelyn again.
Description: Apical segments of the antennae
pale (third segment from the tip to the half of its
length). Two apical segments (segments 14+15 in
together shorter than the third
22, 13+14 in
apical segment (segment 13 in
12 in
Three apical segments (segment 13+14+15 in
12+13+14 in
together longer than the fourth
segment from the tip (segments 12 in
11 in
Only fourth antennal segment from the tip
(segment 12 in
11 in
with a protruding
tip at the inner dorsal margin. Outer margin of this
antennal segment lamellate and curved. Sixth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 10 in
, 9 in
broader than third antennal segment
from the tip (segment 13 in
Q
-- ?
12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex run parallel. Tip of
the fastigium dark. Median carina of the vertex, in
frontal view, deeper than lateral carinae. Pronotum
with brightened stripes. Visible part of the abdomen
dark. Hind femur with one brightened patch at the
dorsal margin close to the basis. Measurements
holotype
pronotum length 9.75 mm, pronotum
lobe width 4.15 mm, pronotum height 2.20 mm,
hind femur length 8.71 mm, hind femur width 1.75
mm, vertex width 0.43 mm, eye width 0.74 mm,
antenna length 9.10 mm, head length 5.04 mm,
head index 1.77.
Differential diagnosis: As a species with
pale apical antennal segments and at least one
antennal segment with a protruding tip at the inner
margin at the fourth antennal segment from the tip
0. cheesmanae sp. nov. is morphologically similar
to 0. westwoodi stat. rev. and 0. meggy sp. nov.
(together with this species belong to Westwoodi
species group, including also 0. fritzpahli sp. nov.).
In 0. cheesmanae sp. nov. the third antennal
segment from the tip (segment 13 in 22^ 12 in
(2m) is brightened to the half (in 0. westwoodi stat.
rev. only at the tip). The fifth antennal segment from
the tip (segment 11 in 22^ 10 33) in 0. meggy
bears a protruding edge at the inner dorsal margin
(in 0. cheesmanae sp. nov. not) and has distinct
silver bristles on the apical antennal segments (0.
cheesmanae sp. nov. does not have silver bristles).
Distribution: Only Mt. Oud on Yapen (or Japen, or
Jobi) - collected during the hike to the highest point
of Yapen island, in central parts of its mountains -
at about 1100 m a.s.l.
Ophiotettix depressa sp. nov. (Plate 105 figs 8-9,
plate 109 figs 9-10, plate 113 figs 9-10, plate
117 figs 9-10, plate 121 fig. 6)
Holotype: (2 MEN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik
Prov.], Lordberg [4°50’S 142°29’E], 2.-4.XII.1912, leg.
S. G. Burgers.
Paratypes: 12 (1/4) MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East
Sepik Prov.], Lordberg [4°50’S 142°29’E], 29.XI.-2.
XII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers; 12 (2/4) MFN: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [EastSepik Prov.], Lordberg[4°50’S 142°29’E],
7.XII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers; 12 (3/4) MFN: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik Prov.], Etappenberg [4°38’S
142°28’E], 800 m, 10.-12.XI.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers;
12 (4/4) MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik Prov.],
Gratlager, 1050 m, 18.-20.VIII. 1912, leg. S. G. Burgers.
Additional material: 12 nymph MFN: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [East Sepik Prov.], Gratlager, 1050 m, 18.-20.
VIII.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers.
Derivatio nominis: The species is named for the
flattened pronotum. The specific epithet is Latin first
and second declension adjective, ‘depressus, -a,
-urn’ in feminine gender, which is in fact participle
of the passive voice of perfect tense of the verb
‘deprimo, deprimere, depressi, depressum’ -
meaning to press down.
Description: Apical segments of the antennae
brownish, other segments dark. No antennal
segment broadly lamellate. Two apical segments
(segments 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together
shorter than third apical segment (segment 13 in
12 in
13+14+15 in
. Three apical segments (segments
12+13+14 in
together as
long as the fourth segment from the tip (segment
12 in 22^ 33)- Fourth antennal segment
from the tip (segment 12 in 22^ H 33) narrow
and elongate. Sixth antennal segment from the
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
as broad as third
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex run
parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn brightened. Median
Carina of the vertex deeper than the lateral carinae.
Pronotunn with broad yellow stripes. Last three
segnnents of the visible part of the abdonnen yellow.
Measurennents holotype 9 : pronotunn length 7,93
nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.25 nnnn, pronotunn
height 2.0 nnnn, hind fennur length 8.71 nnnn, hind
fennur width 1.45 nnnn, vertex width 0.35 nnnn, eye
width 0.68 nnnn, antenna length 7.67 nnnn, head
length 4.50 nnnn, head index 1.3. Measurennents
paratypes 4$: pronotunn length (4$): 8.71 - 10.92
nnnn, average 9.46 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (4$):
3.6 - 4.35 nnnn, average 3.88 nnnn; pronotunn height
(4$): 2.0 - 2.15 nnnn, average 2.10 nnnn; hind fennur
length (4$): 9.1 - 9.88 nnnn, average 9.46 nnnn; hind
fennur width (4$): 1.5 - 1.75 nnnn, average 1.64
nnnn; vertex width (4$): 0.41 - 0.47 nnnn, average
0.44 nnnn; eye width (4): 0.64 - 0.70 nnnn, average
0.67 nnnn; antenna length (4$): 8.45 - 10.01 nnnn,
average 9.33 nnnn; head length (4$): 4.45 - 5.36
nnnn, average 4.85 nnnn; head index (4$): 1.23 -
1.68 nnnn, average 1.51 nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: 0. depressa sp. nov. is
one of the species with dark antennae and antennal
segnnents with snnall nnargins but not lannellate or
broadened. The other species of this group are:
0. scolopax Bolfvar, 1929, 0. bewana sp. nov., 0.
bomberaiensis sp. nov., 0. filiforma sp. nov., 0. luce
sp. nov., 0. mountnokensis sp. nov. and 0. projecta
sp. nov. (listed here are nnennbers of Linnosina
species group, without 0. limosina, species with
rounded all the segnnents). 0. depressa sp. nov.
differs fronn 0. scolopax in head index (>3 in 0.
scolopax) and in brightened tip of the fastigiunn.
Also 0. filiforma sp. nov. and 0. bewana sp. nov.
have dark tip of the fastigunn. 0. depressa sp. nov.
differs fronn 0. luce sp. nov. and 0. projecta sp. nov.
in the fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent
11 in
,10 in
nnorphology- straight or curved
backwards. The fourth antennal segnnent fronn the
tip is in 0. luce sp. nov. is widened towards the tip.
0. projecta sp. nov. has fastigiunn protruded in front
of the eyes (in lateral view). In 0. bomberaiensis
sp. nov. the fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
is longer than the
fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip. In 0. bewana
sp. nov. and 0. mountnokensis sp. nov. lateral
carinae of the vertex are convergent to the tip, not
parallel.
Distribution: Upper Sepik region, basin of the
April River.
Ophiotettix filiforma sp. nov. (Plate 105 figs 10-
11, plate 109 figs 11-12, plate 113 figs 11-12,
plate 117 figs 11-12, plate 121 fig. 7, plate
124 figs 4-5)
Holotype: 6' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik
Prov.], Bainyik, nr. Maphk [3°40’S 143°03’E], 225 m,
20.-21.VI.1961, leg. J. L & M. Gressitt.
Paratypes: 16' (1/18) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
East Sepik Prov., Maprik [3°38’S 143°03’E], 160 m,
14.X.1957, leg. J. L Gressitt, deposited in ZFMK (1/18);
1$ (2/18) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, East Sepik
Prov., Maprik [3°38’S 143°03’E], 160 m, 15.X.1957,
leg. J. L. Gressitt [antennae lost]; 1$ (3/18) AMS:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, East Sepik Prov., Bainyik [3°40’S
143°03’E], 20.XII.1963, leg. D. K. McAlpine [antennae
lost]; Ic/ (4/18) AMS: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, East Sepik
Prov., Bainyik [3°40’S 143°03’E], 21.XII.1963, leg. D. K.
McAlpine; 3$, 5(6 (5/18-12/18) BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Genjam, 40 km W of Hollandia [2°46’S
140°12’E], 100 - 200 m, 1.-10.III.1960, leg. T. C. Maa,
deposited in NCB-RMNH (9/18) and BMNH (10/18),
[1$ antennae lost]; 1$ (13/18) BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Sepik Distr., Wewak [3°35’S 143°37’E], 30
m, 26.VI.1961, leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt, deposited in
NCB-RMNH (13/18); 1$ (14/18) BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Bodem [1°58’S 138°44’E], 10.-17.
VII. 1959, leg. T. C. Maa, deposited in ZFMK (14/18);
Ic/ (15/18) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Bodem,
11 km SE of Oerberfaren [1°58’S 138°44’E], 100
m, 7.-17.VII.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; Ic/ (16/18) BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Waris, S. of Hollandia
[3°11’S 140°53’E], 450 - 500 m, 1.-7.VI 1 1.1959, leg. T.
C. Maa; 1$ (17/18) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Waris, S. of Hollandia [3°11’S 140°53’E], 450 - 500 m,
16.-23.VIII.1959, leg. T. C. Maa, deposited in ZFMK; 1(6
(18/18) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Waris, S.
of Hollandia [3°irS 140°53’E], 450 - 500 m, 24.-31.
VIII. 1959, leg. T. C. Maa.
Additional material: 1$ BMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, NJau-limon, 300 ft., 11.1936, leg. L E.
Cheesman (NHMUK 10924621); 1$ nymph, 2(6 nymphs
BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Genjam, 40 km W
of Hollandia [2°46’S 140°12’E], 100 - 200 m, I.-IO.
111.1960, leg. T. C. Maa. 1(6, INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Kali Biru, 2°30.866’S 140°08.739’E, 40 m, photos by
David Price.
Note: Specinnensfronn the Cyclops Mountains seenn
to be differentspecies closely related in nnorphology
to 0. filiforma sp. nov. They have shorter antennae
and apical segnnents differ in nnorphology. It is not
possible here to describe those specinnens as a
new species until longer series fronn 0. filiforma sp.
nov. and fronn the Cyclops Mountains are gathered.
Following specinnens originated fronn Cyclops
Mountains:
1(6 BPBM: INDONESIAN NEWGUINEA, Hollandia Area, W.
Sentani, Cyclops Mountains, [2°36’S 140°37’E], 200-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
1000 nn, 16.-18.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt [antennae
lost]; 1$, 1$ nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Hollandia Area, W. Sentani, Cyclops Mountains, [2°36’S
140°37’E], 150-250 m, 17.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt;
1$, BPBM INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Hollandia Area,
W. Sentani, Cyclops Mountains, [2°36’S 140°37’E],
150-250 m, 18.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 1$ BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Hollandia Area, W. Sentani,
Cyclops Mountains, [2°36’S 140°37’E], 150-250 m,
18.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; 1$, 16' BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Sentani, [2°36’S 140°37’E], 90+ m,
16.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa [$ antennae lost]; 2$ ZSM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Cyclops Mts., Jayapura,
Sentani, [2°36’S 140°37’E], 300 m, 19.-21.IX.1990,
leg. A. Riedel [antennae lost].
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet is first
and second. Latin declension adjective (filifornnus,
-a, -unn) derived fronn the third Latin declension
adjective (filifornnis, -e). The species bears this
epithet because of the filifornn slender and elegant
antennae.
Description: Antennal segnnents fronn dark
(apical segnnents) to brownish (basal segnnents).
No antennal segnnent broadened lannellate. Two
apical segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in 13+14
together as long as third apical segnnent
in
(segnnent 13 in
o
12 in
. Three apical
segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15 in 12+13+14
together as long as fourth segnnent fronn the
in
tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
Fourth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
narrow and elongated. Sixth antennal segnnent
fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
as broad
as third antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent
13 in 99, 12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex
run parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn dark with an
exception (paratype 17/18 has bright fastigiunn).
Median carina of the vertex as high as lateral
carinae. Pronotunn with broad yellow stripes. Visible
part of the abdonnen yellow or partially yellow.
Dorsal nnargins of all legs yellow. Measurennents
holotype
pronotunn length 7.93 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 3.55 nnnn, pronotunn height 1.90 nnnn,
hind fennur length 7.93 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.45
nnnn, vertex width 0.35 nnnn, eye width 0.64 nnnn,
antenna length 6.89 nnnn, head length 4.70 nnnn,
head index 1.9. Measurennents paratypes 8
pronotunn length (8$): 8.49 - 11.05 nnnn, average
9.92 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (8$): 3.8 - 4.40
nnnn, average 4.09 nnnn; pronotunn height (8$):
1.85 - 2.30 nnnn, average 2.16 nnnn; hind fennur
length (8$): 8.19 - 9.75 nnnn, average 9.10 nnnn;
hind fennur width (8$) 1.6 - 1.75 nnnn, average 1.67
nnnn; vertex width (89): 0.37 - 0.47 nnnn, average
0.43 nnnn; eye width (8$): 0.60 - 0.68 nnnn, average
0.65 nnnn; antenna length (4$): 7.93 - 8.58 nnnn,
average 8.29 nnnn; head length (8$): 4.8 - 5.52 nnnn,
average 5.22 nnnn; head index (8$): 1.91-2.43 nnnn,
average 2.17 nnnn. Measurennents paratypes llcJ:
pronotunn length {H3Y 7.41 - 10.14 nnnn, average
8.20 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (lie?): 3.35 - 4.20
nnnn, average 3.62 nnnn; Pronotunn height (11): 1.55
- 2.25 nnnn, average 1.90 nnnn; hind fennur length
(11(6): 7.67 - 8.45 nnnn, average 8.08 nnnn; hind
fennur width (11(6): 1.35 - 1.70 nnnn, average 1.51
nnnn; vertex width (11(6): 0.35 - 0.45 nnnn, average
0.41 nnnn; eye width (11(6): 0.59 - 0.66 nnnn, average
0.64 nnnn; antenna length (10(6): 6.89 - 8.19 nnnn,
average 7.58 nnnn; head length (11(6): 4.5 - 5.28
nnnn, average 4.90 nnnn; head index (11(6): 1-78 -
2.19 nnnn, average 2.0 nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: 0. filiforma sp. nov.
is one of the species with dark antennae and
antennal segnnents with snnall nnargins, not
lannellate or broadened. Other species of this group
are: 0. scolopax Bolfvar, 1929, 0. bewana sp. nov.,
0. bomberaiensis sp. nov., 0. depressa sp. nov.,
0. luce sp. nov., 0. mountnokensis sp. nov. and
0. projecta sp. nov. (all listed species, including
0. filiforma sp. nov. are nnennbers of the Linnosina
species group, characteristic in slender antennae).
Together with 0. scolopax and 0. bewana sp. nov.,
0. filiforma sp. nov. is the only species with dark tip
of the fastigiunn. 0. filiforma sp. nov. differs fronn
0. scolopax in head index (>3 in 0. scolopax) and
fronn 0. bewana by the parallel lateral carinae of the
vertex. As in 0. projecta sp. nov., in 0. filiforma two
apical segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in $$, 13+14
are together as long as third apical segnnent
in
(segnnent 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
. 0. projecta sp. nov.
differs by its fastigiunn protruded in front of the eyes
(in lateral view).
Distribution: Lowland at the Northcoast of
Indonesian New Guinea and Papua New Guinea.
Ophiotettix flyriveriensis sp. nov. (Plate 105 figs
12-13, plate 109 figs 13-14, plate 113 figs 13-
14, plate 121 figs 13-14, plate 121 fig. 8)
Holotype: (6 BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Western
Prov.], Kiunga [6°07’S 141°18’E], 35 m, VIII.1969, leg.
J. & M. Sedlacek.
Paratypes: 59,8(6(1/24-13/24) BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [Western Prov.], Kiunga [6°07’S 141°18’E], 35
m, VIII.1969, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek, deposited in NCB-
RMNH (7/24), ZFMK (8/24) and BMNH (10/24) [5$, 4(6
antennae lost]; 7$ (14/24-20/24) BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [Western Prov.], Olsobip [5°23’S 141°32’E],
400-600 m, VIII.1969, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek, deposited
in BMNH (15/24) and NCB-RMNH (20/24) [4$ antennae
554
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
lost]; 3$ (21/24-23/24) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[Western Prov.j, Olsobip [5°23’S 141°32’E], 400 m,
28.VIII.1969, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek, deposited in ZFMK
(21/24) [1$ antennae lost]; 1$ (24/24) AMS: PAPUA
NEWGUINEA, [Western Prov.], Matkomrae village approx
50 km N of Kiunga (5°49’S 141°09’E), 60 m, 3.X.1993,
leg. M. S. Moulds & S. Cowan.
Additional material: 1$, 16' nymph BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Western Prov.], Kiunga [6°07’S
141°18’E], 35 m, VIII.1969, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek [$
head damaged].
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. The species
is manned after the region of its type locality - the
adjective was derived fronn ‘Fly’ + ‘River+’ + ‘-ensis’.
The specific epithet is third Latin declension
adjective in fenninine gender (flyriveriensis, -e).
Description: Antennal segnnents dark. Third to
sixth antennal segnnents (segnnents 10+11+12+13
in
Q
-- ?
9+10+11+12 in
broadened lannellate.
Two apical segnnents (segnnent 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together shorter than third apical
segnnent (segnnent 13 i n
,12 in
.Threeapical
segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15 in 12+13+14
together as long as fourth segnnent fronn the
in
tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
. Outer nnargin of
fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12
in
11 in
lannellate and curved, with a tip
at the inner dorsal nnargin. The dorsal 1/4 of this
segnnent convergent towards the tip. Sixth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
broader than third antennal segnnent from the tip
(segment 13 in
12 in
. Apical segments
with narrow whitish bristles. Lateral carinae of the
vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigium brightened.
Median carina of the vertex, in frontal view, deeper
than lateral carinae. Pronotum with yellow stripes.
Visible part of the abdomen partially yellow. Hind
femora predominantly yellow. Apical segments of a
specimen from Matkomrae village lighter brownish
and narrower, neck somewhat narrower and more
curved. Measurements are within the variation of
0. flyriveriensis sp. nov. We assign this specimen to
0. flyriveriensis sp. nov. More specimens from this
region will showthetruetaxonomicand evolutionary
status of the population. Measurements holotype
: pronotum length 8.71 mm, pronotum lobe
width 3.45 mm, pronotum height 1.85 mm, hind
femur length 8.97 mm, hind femur width 1.60
mm, vertex width 0.39 mm, eye width 0.68 mm,
antenna length 10.40 mm, head length 5.05 mm,
head index 1.92. Measurements paratypes 16
pronotum length (16$); 8.45 - 10.53 mm, average
9.57 mm; pronotum lobe width (16$); 3.6 - 4.20
mm, average 3.86 mm; pronotum height (16): 1.9
- 2.40 mm, average 2.17 mm; hind femur length
(14): 8.84 - 10.27 mm, average 9.67 mm; hind
femur width (14$): 1.60 - 1.85 mm, average 1.70
mm; vertex width (16$): 0.43 - 0.53 mm, average
0.49 mm; eye width (16$): 0.64 - 0.74 mm, average
0.67 mm; antenna length (4$): 8.32 - 10.27 mm,
average 9.43 mm; head length (16$): 5.04 - 5.68
mm, average 5.40 mm; head index (16$): 1.75
- 2.09 mm, average 1.84 mm. Measurements
paratypes 93'. pronotum length (8(6): 8.32 - 9.10
mm, average 8.82 mm; pronotum lobe width
(9(6): 3.4 - 3.65 mm, average 3.49 mm; pronotum
height (9(6): 1.75 - 2.05 mm, average 1.90 mm;
hind femur length (9(6): 8.84 - 9.62 mm, average
9.30 mm; hind femur width (9(6): 1.5 - 1.65 mm,
average 1.57 mm; vertex width (9(6): 0.39 - 0.53
mm, average 0.48 mm; eye width (9(6): 0.62 - 0.72
mm, average 0.66 mm; antenna length (5(6): 9.23
- 10.79 mm, average 10.19 mm; head length (9(6):
4.96 - 5.52 mm, average 5.21 mm head index (9(6):
1.79 - 2.13 mm, average 1.94 mm.
Differential diagnosis: 0. flyriveriensis nov.
is one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segments, subapical antennal segments
with lamellate inner margins and fifth antennal
segment from the tip with straight or backwards
curved dorsal margin. The dorsal 1/4 of the fourth
antennal segment from the tip length parallel or
convergent towards the tip and third antennal
segment from the tip does not bear protruded tip.
0. flyriveriensis sp. nov. is close in morphology to
0. lorentzi Bolfvar, 1929 (Lorentzi species group),
0. kaitani sp. nov., 0. katharinae sp. nov., 0.
karimuiensis sp. nov. and 0. quateorum sp. nov.
(Katharinae species group), but differs from those
species by three apical antennal segments, which
are together as long as fourth antennal segment
from the tip.
Distribution: Upper Fly River in Western Province
of Papua New Guinea.
Ophiotettix fritzpahli sp. nov. (Plate 105 figs 14-
15, plate 109 figs 15-16, plate 113 figs 15-16,
plate 117 figs 15-16, plate 121 fig. 9)
Holotype (6 NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139°11’E], 800 m, 7.III.1939,
leg. L. J. Toxopeus.
Paratypes: 2$ (1/18-2/18) NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Rattan Camp [3°30’S
139°09’E], 1150 m, 13.11.1939, leg. LJ. Toxopeus [2/18
antennae lost]; 1(6 (3/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Rattan Camp [3°30’S 139°09’E], 1200
m, 14.11.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus, deposited in BMNH
[antennae lost]; 1(6 (4/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Rattan Camp [3°30’S 139°09’E], 1200
555
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
m, 3. III. 1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus, deposited in BPBM
[antennae lost]; 16' (5/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Rattan Camp [3°30’S 139°09’E],
1200 m, 5. III. 1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus [antennae lost];
1$ (6/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139°11’E], 800 m, 3.III.1939,
leg. L. J. Toxopeus, deposited in BMNH; 1$ (7/18)
NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Araucaria
Camp [3°30’S 139°11’E], 800 m, 4.III.1939, leg. L. J.
Toxopeus [antennae lost]; 1(6, 1$ nymph (8/18-9/18)
NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Araucaria
Camp [3°30’S 139°11’E], 800 m, 6.III.1939, leg. L. J.
Toxopeus [(6 antennae lost]; 2$, 1(6 (10/18-12/18)
NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Araucaria
Camp [3°30’S 139°irE], 800 m, 12.111.1939, leg. L.
J. Toxopeus, deposited in ZFMK (10/18 + 12/18), [1$
antennae lost]; 1$ (13/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139°11’E],
800 m, 16.111.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus [antennae lost];
1$ (14/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139°11’E], 800 m, 17.111.1939,
leg. L. J. Toxopeus [antennae lost]; 1$ (15/18) NCB-
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Araucaria Camp
[3°30’S 139°11’E], 800 m, 24.111.1939, leg. L. J.
Toxopeus [antennae lost]; 1$ (16/18) NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Araucaria Camp [3°30’S
139°11’E], 800 m, 25.111.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus
[antennae lost]; 1$ (17/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139°11’E], 800
m, 26.111.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus, deposited in BPBM;
1$ (18/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139°irE], 800 m, 3.IV.1939,
leg. L. J. Toxopeus [antennae lost].
Additional material: 1$ nymph NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Araucaria Camp [3°30’S
139°11’E], 800 m, 12.111.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus
[antennae lost].
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The specific
epithet is genitive case of the second Latin
declension (-us declension) nnasculine noun
derived fronn connbination of nanne and surnanne
(Fritzpahlus, -I, nn.) The species is dedicated to late
Fritz Pahl, a very good friend of Tunnbrincks’ fannily,
who died in his 88^^ year in 2016.
Description: Apical segnnents of the antennae
pale (third segnnent fronn the tip pale in nnore than
half of its length and fourth segnnent fronn the tip
only a little bit). No antennal segnnent with a clear
tip at the inner nnargin, but antennal segnnents
third to sixth fronn the tip (segnnents 10+11+12+13
in
9+10+11+12 in
broadened and
lannellate. Two apical segnnents (segnnents 14+15
in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together as long third apical
segnnent (segnnent 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
Three
apical segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15 in
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
. Outer nnargin of fourth antennal segnnent fronn
the tip (segnnent 12 in
11 in
lannellate
and curved, with sonnewhat protruded edge at the
inner dorsal nnargin. Sixth antennal segnnent fronn
the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
widened, with
a recognizable edge, broader than third antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in $$, 12 in
. Apical segnnents with narrow whitish bristles.
Lateral carinae of the vertex run parallel. Tip of the
fastigiunn brightened. Median carina of the vertex, in
frontal view, deeper than lateral carinae. Pronotunn
with yellow stripes. Hind fennora and visible part
of the abdonnen partially yellow. Measurennents
holotype
pronotunn length 8.71 nnnn, pronotunn
12
lobe width 3.65 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.15 nnnn,
hind fennur length 8.32 nnnn, hind fennur width
1.65 nnnn, vertex width 0.49 nnnn, eye width 0.74
nnnn, antenna length 9.62 nnnn, head length 4.80
nnnn, head index 1.7. Measurennents paratypes
: pronotunn length (12$): 8.71 - 10.79 nnnn,
average 10.11 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (12$):
3.65 - 4.35 nnnn, average 4.09 nnnn; pronotunn
height (12$): 2.2 - 2.65 nnnn, average 2.44 nnnn;
hind fennur length (10$); 8.45 - 9.62 nnnn, average
9.28 nnnn; hind fennur width (10$); 1.65 - 1.85 nnnn,
average 1.76 nnnn; vertex width (12$): 0.47 - 0.57
nnnn, average 0.52 nnnn; eye width (12$): 0.64 -
0.72 nnnn, average 0.68 nnnn; antenna length (3$):
9.36 - 10.53 nnnn, average 9.92 nnnn; head length
(12$): 4.95 - 5.44 nnnn, average 5.22 nnnn; head
index (12$): 1.64 - 1.87 nnnn, average 1.73 nnnn.
Measurennents paratypes 6(6: pronotunn length
(6(6): 8.06 - 8.84 nnnn, average 8.56 nnnn; pronotunn
lobe width (6(6): 3.45 - 3.80 nnnn, average 3.60
nnnn; pronotunn height (6(6): 1.7 - 2.15 nnnn, average
1.95 nnnn; hind fennur length (4(6): 8.32 - 8.58 nnnn,
average 8.45 nnnn; hind fennur width (4(6): 1.5 - 1.65
nnnn, average 1.59 nnnn; vertex width (6(6): 0.43 -
0.51 nnnn, average 0.48 nnnn; eye width (6(6): 0.64
- 0.74 nnnn, average 0.68 nnnn; antenna length (2(6):
9.62 - 10.66 nnnn, average 10.14 nnnn; head length
(6(6): 4.55 - 5.0 nnnn, average 4.80 nnnn; head index
(6(6): 1.5 - 1.71 nnnn, average 1.64 nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: As a species with pale
apical antennal segnnents and no antennal segnnent
with a protruding tip at the inner nnargin 0. fritzpahli
sp. nov. (we tentatively put this species within
Westwoodi species group but it shows internnediate
characters between this group and Pulcherrinna
species group) is near to 0. pulcherrima sp. nov.
and 0. rebrinae sp. nov. (both nnennbers of the
Pulcherrinna species group). It differs fronn these
species easily deep vertex and dark tip of the
556
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(Plates 104-124)
fastigiunn.
Distribution: Upper Mannberanno River.
Ophiotettix hansscholteni sp. nov. (Plate 105 fig.
16, plate 109 figs 17-18, plate 113 figs 17-18,
plate 117 figs 17-18, plate 121 fig. 10)
Holotype 6' SMTD: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [West
Sepik Prov.], Torricelli Gebirge, 780 m, 1910, leg. Dr.
Schlaginhaufen.
Pa retypes: 1$ (1/3) NCB-RMNH: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [West Sepik Prov.], Torricelli Gebirge, 780 m,
1910, leg. Dr. Schlaginhaufen; 1$ (2/3) SMTD: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, [West Sepik Prov.], Torricelli Gebirge,
780 m, 1910, leg. Dr. Schlaginhaufen; !(/ (3/3)
NCB-RMNH: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [West Sepik Prov.],
Torricelli Gebirge, 900 m, 1910, leg. Dr. Schlaginhaufen,
deposited in ZFMK.
Additional material: 1$, 16' BMNH: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [West Sepik Prov.], 15 miles south of Pa up
[3°29’S 142°35’E], 1700 ft, 4.-12.III.1939, leg. G.
P. Moore (NHMUK 010924586, NHMUK 010924585)
[antennae damaged]; 1(6 BMNH: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[West Sepik Prov.], 15 miles south of Pa up [3°29’S
142°35’E], 1700 ft, 4.-12.III.1939, leg. G. P. Moore
(NHMUK 010924592) [antennae lost].
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet is second
(-us) Latin declension noun in masculine gender,
derived from the name and surname combination
(Hannsscholtenus, -i, m.) The species is dedicated
to Hans Scholten, the president of Naturschutzbund
Deutschland (NABU) from 1984 - 1988.
Description: Antennal segments of dark
brownish. No antennal segments lamellate. Two
apical segments (segments 14+15 in $$, 13+14
together as long as third apical segment
in
(segment 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
segments (segment 13+14+15 in
Three apical
12+13+14
Q
-- ?
in
together longer than fourth segment from
the tip (segment 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
Fourth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 12 in
11 in
narrow, widened towards the tip and with
little bit protruded edge at the inner dorsal margin.
Sixth antennal segment from the tip (segment 10 in
as broad as third antennal segment
. Apical
9 in
from the tip (segment 13 in
12 in
segments with narrow whitish bristles. Lateral
carinae of the vertex run parallel. Lateral carinae
of the vertex and median carina brightened. Vertex,
in frontal view, flattened, median carina as high as
lateral carinae. Pronotum with yellow lateral parts
and infrascapular area. Visible part of the abdomen
predominant yellow. Hind femur partially yellow.
Measurements holotype 6: pronotum length 8.45
mm, pronotum lobe width 3.50 mm, pronotum
height 1.75 mm, hind femur length 8.45 mm, hind
femur width 1.45 mm, vertex width 0.39 mm, eye
width 0.66 mm, antenna length 7.80 mm, head
length 5.12 mm, head index 1.91. Measurements
paratype $ (1/3): pronotum length 11.05 mm,
pronotum lobe width 4.25 mm, pronotum height
2.10 mm, hind femur length 9.23 mm, hind femur
width 1.65 mm, vertex width 0.41 mm, eye width
0.68 mm, antenna length 9.23 mm, head length
5.60 mm, head index 2.13. Measurements paratype
$ (2/3): pronotum length 10.01 mm, pronotum
lobe width 4.25 mm, pronotum height 2.35 mm,
hind femur length 9.49 mm, hind femur width 1.60
mm, vertex width 0.43 mm, eye width 0.68 mm,
antenna length 8.45 mm, head length 5.60 mm,
head index 2.08. Measurements paratype (6 (3/3):
pronotum length 8.06 mm, pronotum lobe width
3.55 mm, pronotum height 2.0 mm, hind femur
length 8.71 mm, hind femur width 1.45 mm, vertex
width 0.41 mm, eye width 0.72 mm, antenna length
7.54 mm, head length 5.20 mm, head index 2.26.
Differential diagnosis: Together with 0.
parvicollis sp. nov. (Brevicollis species group) this
is the only species without lamellate antennal
segments, but a small tip or protruding edge at the
dorsal inner margin of fourth antennal segment
from the tip (segment 12 in $$,11 in (6(6). It differs
from this species easily by the longer neck (head
index of 0. parvicollis sp. nov. <1). This species
is the only representative of the Hansscholteni
species group.
Distribution: Torricelli Mountains.
Ophiotettix imbiana sp. nov. (Plate 105 fig. 17,
plate 109 fig. 19, plate 113 fig. 19, plate 117
fig. 19, plate 121 fig. 11)
Holotype (6 AMS: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East
Sepik Prov.], Imbia near Maprik [3°37’S 143°04’E],
19.XII1963, leg. D. K. McAlpine.
Derivatio nominis: the specific epithet is Latin
first and second declension adjective derived from
the type locality name (imbianus, -a. -urn). The
species is named after Imbia, its type locality.
Description: Antennal segments dark. Apical
segments lighter brownish, but not pale (second
antennal segment partially). Nodes of the basal
antennal segments paler. Third to sixth antennal
segments from the tip (segments 10+11+12+13
in
9+10+11+12 in
broadened and
lamellate. Fourth and fifth antennal segment with
a clear tip at the inner margin (segments 11+12 in
, 10+11 in
. Two apical segments (segments
14+15 in $$, 13+14 in
together shorter than
third apical segment (segment 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
557
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
in
. Three apical segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15
. 12+13+14 in
together longer than
fourth segnnentfronn the tip (segnnent 12 in 11
. Outer nnargin of fourth antennal segnnent
in
fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in 11 in (Jc?) low,
but distinctly lannellate and curved. Sixth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in P P, 9 in
widened, bearing a recognizable edge, as broad as
third antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13
in
PP
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex run
parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn brightened. Median
Carina of the vertex, in frontal view, deeper than
lateral carinae. Pronotunn with yellow stripes. Hind
fennora and visible part of the abdonnen partially
yellow. Measurennents holotype
pronotunn
length 8.19 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.60 nnnn,
pronotunn height 1.60 nnnn, hind fennur length 7.41
nnnn, hind fennur width 1.50 nnnn, vertex width 0.33
nnnn, eye width 0.62 nnnn, antenna length 8.32 nnnn,
head length 4.40 nnnn, head index 1.57.
Differential diagnosis: 0. imbiana sp. nov. is
one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents
with lannellate inner nnargins and fifth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip with lateral edge projected
into spine or acute angle. Sixth antennal segnnent
fronn tip is not broadly lannellate. 0. imbiana sp.
nov. is close in nnorphology to 0. modesta stat. rev.,
0. rohwedderi sp. nov., 0. schapinae sp. nov. and 0.
tenuis sp. nov. all of the listed species are nnennbers
of the Buergersi species group. 0. imbiana sp. nov.
differs fronn 0. schapinae sp. nov. and 0. tenuis sp.
nov. by deep vertex. Sixth antennal segnnents fronn
the tip is in 0. modesta stat. rev. and 0. rohwedderi
sp. nov. not widened with recognizable edges as in
0. imbiana sp. nov^.
Distribution: Innbia near Maprik.
Ophiotettix kaitani sp. nov. (Plate 106 figs 1-2,
plate 110 figs 1-2, plate 114 figs 1-2, plate
118 figs 1-2, plate 121 fig. 12)
Holotype 6', BYUC, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Environment of Lae [6°44’S 146°58’E], VIII.1960, leg.
J. Goddard.
Paratypes: 1$ (1/13), BYUC, PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Environment of Lae [6°44’S 146°58’E],
VIII.1960, leg. J. Goddard; IS' (2/13) ANIC: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Lae, Bubia (native garden)
[6°40’ S 146°55’E], 6.VIII.1957, leg. J. H. Ardley; 1$
(3/13) ANIC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Lae,
Bubia (native garden) [6°40’ S 146°55’E], 19.VIII.1957,
leg. J. H. Ardley; 1$ (4/13) ANIC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Lae, Bubia, 27.VIII.1957, leg. J. H. Ardley;
1$ (5/13) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Lae, Busu River [6°43’ S 147°03’E], 24.V.1968, leg.
J. Sedlacek; 1 $ (6/13) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Lae, Busu River [6° 43’ S 147°03’E],
100 m, 15.IX.1955, leg. J. L. Gressitt, deposited in
NCB-RMNH; 1$ (7/13) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Lae Area, Bubia (Metroxylon) [6°40’S
146°55’E], 5 - 15 m, 22.VII.1959, leg. J. L Gressitt;
1$, 2(5' (8/13-10/13), PERC, PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Lae [6°44’S 146°58’E], VII.1944, leg.
F. E. Skinner, deposited in ZFMK (10/18); 2$ (11/13-
12/13) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., 6 mi.
N. W. of Lae [6°40’S 146°55’E], 9.VIII.1957, leg. D. E.
Hardy, deposited in ZFMK (11/13) and BMNH (12/18);
1(5' (13/13) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Zenag-Lae Road [6°45’S 146°40’E], 200 m, 17.1.1965,
leg. J. Sedlacek.
Additional material [all specimens antennae lost]:
1$ ANIC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Lae, Bubia
(native garden) [6°40’ S 146°55’E], 28.V.1957, leg. J.
H. Ardley; 1(5' ANIC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Lae, Bubia (native garden), 28.VII.1957, leg. J. H. Ardley;
1$ ANIC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Lae, Bubia
(native garden) [6°40’ S 146°55’E], 31.VII.1957, leg.
J. H. Ardley; 1(5' ANIC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe
Prov., Lae, Bubia (native garden) [6° 40’ S 146°55’E],
6.VIII.1957, leg. J. H. Ardley; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Lae, Busu River [6°43’S
147°03’E], 50 m, 14.1.1965, leg. J. Sedlacek; 3$
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Lae, Bubia,
Markham Valley [6°40’S 146°30’E], 50 m, 19.IX.1955,
leg. J. L Gressitt; 1$, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe
Prov., Lae [6°44’S 146°58’E], VII.1944, leg. F. E.
Skinner (TUMBRINCK); 1(5' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Lae, Singuawa R. (6°41’S 147°10’E)
(primary forest), 4.IV.1966, leg. Gressitt & Wilkes; 1$
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Lae [6°44’S
146°58’E], 20 m, 11.IX.1962, leg. J. Sedlacek.
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet is second
Latin declension nnale noun in the genitive, derived
fronn connbination of nanne and surnanne (Kaitanus,
-i, nn.). The species in dedicated to our young
colleague, Kai Ming Tan, fannous entonnologist
(prinnarily orthopterist) fronn Singapore who has
been nnaking connprehensive revision of SE Asian
taxa for a few years already.
Description: Antennal segnnents dark. Apical
segnnents partially light brownish, but not pale.
Fourth to sixth antennal segnnents (segnnent
11+12+13 in 10+11+12 in (5'(5') broadened
and lannellate. Two apical segnnents (segnnent
14+15 in 22, 13+14 in
together shorter than
third apical segnnent (segnnent 13 in
12 in
. Three apical segnnents (segnnent 13+14+15
in
12+13+14 in
together longer than
fourth segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
The dorsal 1/4 of fourth segnnent
directed parallel towards the tip. Sixth antennal
558
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
broader than third antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 13 in
12 in
. Apical segnnents
with narrow whitish bristles. Lateral carinae of the
vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn brightened.
Median carina of the vertex, in frontal view, deeper
than lateral carinae. Pronotunn with yellow stripes.
Visible part of the abdonnen partially yellow. Hind
fennora predonninantly yellow. Measurennents
holotype 6: pronotunn length 8.45 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 3.35 nnnn, pronotunn height 1.95 nnnn,
hind fennur length 8.32 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.55
nnnn, vertex width 0.31 nnnn, eye width 0.64 nnnn,
antenna length 7.80 nnnn, head length 4.75 nnnn,
head index 1.55. Measurennents paratypes 9
pronotunn length (9$): 8.84 - 10.79 nnnn, average
9.58 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (9$): 3.55 - 3.95
nnnn, average 3.72 nnnn; pronotunn height (9$):
1.95 - 2.40 nnnn, average 2.14 nnnn; hind fennur
length (9$): 8.45 - 9.49 nnnn, average 8.93 nnnn;
hind fennur width (9$): 1.65 - 1.75 nnnn, average
1.72 nnnn; vertex width (9$): 0.33 - 0.43 nnnn,
average 0.40 nnnn; eye width (9$): 0.57 - 0.72 nnnn,
average 0.64 nnnn; antenna length (9$): 7.28 - 9.88
nnnn, average 8.62 nnnn; head length (9$): 4.75 -
5.36 nnnn, average 4.93 nnnn; head index (9$):
1.56 - 1.86 nnnn, average 1.70 nnnn. Measurennents
paratypes 56': Pronotunn length (5(6): 7.8 - 8.97
nnnn, average 8.37 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (5(6):
3.25 - 3.49 nnnn, average 3.33 nnnn; pronotunn
height (5(6): 1.8 - 2.0 nnnn, average 1.90 nnnn;
hind fennur length (4(6): 8.06 - 8.32 nnnn, average
8.26 nnnn; hind fennur width (4(6): 1.55 - 1.60 nnnn,
average 1.56 nnnn; vertex width (5(6): 0.31 - 0.43
nnnn, average 0.39 nnnn; eye width (5(6): 0.59 - 0.64
nnnn, average 0.61 nnnn; antenna length (5(6): 7.8
- 9.10 nnnn, average 8.35 nnnn; head length (5(6):
4.5 - 4.75 nnnn, average 4.63 nnnn; head index (5(6):
1.55 - 1.90 nnnn, average 1.68 nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: 0. kaitani sp. nov. is
one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents
with lannellate inner nnargins and fifth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip with dorsal nnargin straight or
curved backwards. The dorsal 1/4 of the segnnent’s
length of fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
directed parallel or convergent towards the tip, and
third antennal segnnent fronn the tip without long
protruded tip. 0. kaitani sp. nov. is nnorphologically
sinnilarto 0. iorentzi Bolfvar, 1929 (Lorentzi species
group), 0. fiyriveriensis sp. nov., 0. katharinae sp.
nov., 0. karimuiensis sp. nov. and 0. quateorum sp.
nov. (Katharinae species group). The species can
be distinguished fronn 0. iorentzi, 0. katharinae sp.
nov. and 0. quateorum sp. nov. by fourth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip nnorphology - dorsal nnargin
has nnore or less long and acute tip and is not
straight or only with a protruding edge. It differs
fronn 0. karimuiensis sp. nov. by two apical antennal
segnnents which are together shorter than third
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (not as long as). It
differs fronn 0. fiyriveriensis sp. nov. by three apical
antennal segnnents together longer than fourth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (not as long as).
Distribution: Environnnent of Lae.
Ophiotettix karimuiensis sp. nov. (Plate 106 figs
3-4, plate 110 figs 3-4, plate 114 figs 3-4,
plate 118 figs 3-4, plate 121 fig. 13)
Holotype (6 BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu
Prov., Kahmui [6°30’S 144°5rE], 2.-3.VI.1961, leg. J.
L. Gressitt.
Paratypes: 2$ (1/22-2/22) BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Kahmui [6°30’S 144°5rE],
2. -3.VI.1961, Malaise trap, leg. J. L. Gressitt, deposited
in NCB-RMNH (1/22); 1$ (3/22) BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Kahmui [6°30’S 144°5rE],
3. VI.1961, leg. J. L Gressitt; 1(6 (4/22) BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Kahmui [6°30’S
144°51’E], 3.VI.1961, leg. J. L & M. Gressitt, deposited
in NCB-RMNH; 1(6 (5/22) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Chimbu Prov., Kahmui [6°30’S 144°5rE], 4.VI.1961,
leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt, deposited in BMNH; 1$ (6/22)
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Kahmui
[6°30’S 144°51’E], 4.VI.1961, 1000 m. Malaise trap,
leg. J. L & M. Gressitt; 1$, 3(6 (7/22-10/22) BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Kahmui [6°30’S
144°51’E], 4.VI.1961, leg. J. L. Gressitt, deposited in
NCB-RMNH (9/22); 2$ (11/22-12/22) BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Karimui, South of Goroka,
1000 m, [6°30’S 144°51’E], 4.VI.1961, leg. J. L & M.
Gressitt, deposited in ZFMK (11/22); 6$, 1 (6 (13/22-
19/22) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov.,
Karimui, South of Goroka, 1000 m [6°30’S 144°51’E],
5.VI.1961, leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt, deposited in BMNH
(18/22); 1$ (20/22) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Chimbu Prov., Karimui, 1080 m [6°30’S 144°51’E], 8.-
10.VII.1963, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1$ (21/22) BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Karimui, 1080 m [6°30’S
144°51’E], 13.VII.1963, leg. J. Sedlacek; 1(6 (22/22)
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Mt. Karimui,
1000 m [6°30’S 144°51’E], 16.-20.IV.1977, leg. J. L
Gressitt.
Additional material [all adult specimens antennae
lost]: 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov.,
Karimui, South of Goroka, 1000 m [6°30’S 144°51’E],
2.VI.1961, leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt; 1$, 1(6, 1$ nymph
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Karimui
[6°30’S 144°51’E], 2.-3.VI.1961, leg. J. L Gressitt &
M. Thompson; 1$ nymph BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Chimbu Prov., Karimui [6°30’S 144°51’E], 2.-3.
VI. 1961, Light Trap, leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt; 1$, 2(6
559
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Karimui
[6°30’S 144°51’E], 2.-3.VI.1961, Malaise Trap, leg.
J. L Gressitt; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu
Prov., Karimui [6°30’S 144°51’E], 4.VI.1961, Malaise
Trap, leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt; 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Chimbu Prov., Karimui, South of Goroka, 1000
m [6°30’S 144°51’E], 4.VI.1961, leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt;
4$, 2(5', 1(5' nymph BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Chimbu
Prov., Karimui [6°30’S 144°51’E], 4.VI.1961, leg. J.
L. Gressitt; 1(5' (20/22) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Chimbu Prov., Karimui, 1080 m [6°30’S 144°51’E],
8.-10.VII.1963, leg. J. Sedlacek.
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet is
third Latin declension adjective in fenninine
gender, derived fronn the type locality toponynn
(karinnuiensis, -e), Karinnui.
Description: Antennal segnnents dark brown.
Fourth and fifth antennal segnnents fronn the tip
(segnnents 12+13 in
11+12 in
broadly
lannellate. Only fourth antennal segnnent fronn the
tip (segnnent 12 in
11 in
with a distinct
protruded tip at inner nnargin. Inner dorsal nnargin
of fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 11
curved backwards. Two apical
in
99
- 7
10 in
99, 13+14 in
segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in
together as long as third apical segnnent (segnnent
. Three apical segnnents
13 in
99
- 7
12 in
(segnnents 13+14+15 in
Q
-- ?
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
. The dorsal 1/4 of
fourth segnnent parallel. Sixth antennal segnnent
fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
narrower
than third antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent
13 in 99. 12 in
. Apical segnnents with sonne
narrow whitish bristles. Lateral carinae of the
vertex run little bit convergent to the tip. Tip of the
fastigiunn brightened. Median carina of the vertex,
in frontal view, as high as lateral carinae. Pronotunn
with yellow stripes. Visible part of the abdonnen
and hind fennora partially yellow. Measurennents
holotype
pronotunn length 7.80 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 3.25 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.10 nnnn,
hind fennur length 7.93 nnnn, hind fennur width
1.55 nnnn, vertex width 0.35 nnnn, eye width 0.66
nnnn, antenna length 7.80 nnnn, head length 4.65
nnnn, head index 1.73. Measurennents paratype
(13/22): pronotunn length 8.71 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 3.35 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.30 nnnn,
hind fennur length 9.10 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.65
nnnn, vertex width 0.37 nnnn, eye width 0.68 nnnn,
antenna length 8.58 nnnn, head length 5.20 nnnn,
head index 1.65. Measurennents paratypes 15
pronotunn length (15$); 7.93 - 9.49 nnnn, average
8.78 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (159): 3.15 - 3.95
nnnn, average 3.71 nnnn; pronotunn height (15$);
1.75 - 2.40 nnnn, average 2.01 nnnn; hind fennur
length (14$); 8.71 - 9.23 nnnn, average 8.93 nnnn;
hind fennur width (14$); 1.55 - 1.80 nnnn, average
1.69 nnnn; vertex width (15$); 0.37 - 0.49 nnnn,
average 0.46 nnnn; eye width (15$); 0.62 - 0.68
nnnn, average 0.65 nnnn; antenna length (15$);
8.19 - 9.36 nnnn, average 8.68 nnnn; head length
(15$); 4.88 - 6.08 nnnn, average 5.16 nnnn; head
index (15$); 1.66 - 2.05 nnnn, average 1.82 nnnn.
Measurennents paratypes 8(5': pronotunn length
(8(5'): 7.41-7.80 nnnn, average y nnnn; pronotunn
lobe width (8(5'): 3.15-3.40 nnnn, average 3.25
nnnn; pronotunn height (8(5'): 1.6-2.10 nnnn, average
1.83 nnnn; hind fennur length (8(5'): 7.54-8.71 nnnn,
average 8.19 nnnn; hind fennur width (8(5'): 1.45-
1.65 nnnn, average 1.52 nnnn; vertex width (8(5'):
0.35-0.48 nnnn, average 0.41 nnnn; eye width (8(5'):
0.39-0.68 nnnn, average 0.64 nnnn; antenna length
(8(5'): 7.8-9.10 nnnn, average 8.45 nnnn; head length
(8(5'): 4.56-4.88 nnnn, average 4.73 nnnn; head
index (8(5'): 1.45-1.76 nnnn, average 1.69 nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: 0. kar/mu/ens/s sp. nov.
is one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents
with lannellate inner nnargins and fifth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip with straight or backwards
curved dorsal nnargin. The dorsal 1/4 of the length
of fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip directed
parallel or convergent towards the tip, and third
antennal segnnent fronn the tip with long protruded
tip. 0. karimuiensis sp. nov. is nnorphologically
sinnilar to 0. lorentzi (Lorentzi species group),
0. flyriveriensis sp. nov., 0. kaitani sp. nov., 0.
katharinae sp. nov. and 0. quateorum sp. nov.
(Katharinaespecies group). ltdiffersfronnO. lorentzi,
0. katharinae sp. nov. and 0. quateorum sp. nov. by
fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip nnorphology -
the dorsal nnargin has nnore or less long acute tip,
not straight or with protruded edge. It differs fronn
0. kaitani sp. nov. by two apical antennal segnnents
together as long as third antennal segnnent fronn the
tip (not shorter than). It differs fronn 0. flyriveriensis
sp. nov. by three antennal segnnents fronn the tip
together longer than fourth antennal segnnent fronn
the tip (not as long as).
Distribution: Karinnui.
Ophiotettix katharinae sp. nov. (Plate 106 figs 5-6,
plate 110 figs 5-6, plate 114 figs 5-6, plate
118 figs 5-6, plate 121 fig. 14)
Holotype (5' BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov.,
Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S
146°30’E, 14.IV.2000, Malaise trap, leg. T. A. Sears.
560
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
Pa retypes: 2$ (1/21-2/21) BMEC: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka Res.
Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E, 2.-14.XI.1999, leg.
S. L. Heyden, N. Schiffer & T. A. Sears; 1$ (3/21) BMEC:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka
Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E, 3.-15.XI.1999,
leg. S. L. Heyden, N. Schiffer & T. A. Sears; 1$ (4/21)
BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin,
Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E, Malaise
Trap, 19.-25.XI.1999, leg. T. A. Sears; 16' (5/21) BMEC:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka
Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E, Malaise Trap,
10. -12. II. 2000, leg. T. A. Sears, deposited in ZFMK;
1$ (6/21) BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov.,
Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S
146°30’E, 1.-10.III.2000, leg. T. A. Sears; 1$ (7/21)
BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu
Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E,
26. -30. III. 2000, Malaise Trap, leg. T. A. Sears &
binatung brigade, deposited in NCB-RMNH; 1$ (8/21)
BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu
Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E,
3.IV.2000, leg. T. A. Sears & binatung brigade; 2$
(9/21-10/21) BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov.,
Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S
146°30’E, 6.IV.2000, leg. T. A. Sears; 1$ (11/21)
BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu
Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E,
13.IV.2000, Malaise Trap, leg. T. A. Sears; 1$ (12/21)
BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu
Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E,
18.IV.2000, leg. T. A. Sears; 2$, 2(6 (13/21-16/21)
BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Tekadu, 120
m, 7°38’S 146°34’E, 1.2000, Malaise Trap, leg. T. A.
Sears & binatung brigade, deposited in BMNH (13/21,
14/21) and NCB-RMNH (16/21); 3$ (17/21-19/21)
BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Tekadu, 120
m, 7°38’S 146°34’E, 1.-20.IV.2000, Malaise Trap,
leg. T. A. Sears & binatung brigade; 1$ (20/21) BMEC:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Tekadu, 120 m,
7°38’S 146°34’E, 5.IV.2000, leg. T. A. Sears & binatung
brigade, deposited in ZFMK; 1$ (21/21) BMEC: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., sweep from Ivimka to
Tekadu, 10.XI.1999, leg. T. A. Sears & binatung brigade.
Additional material (antennae lost in all adult
specimens): 1(6 nymph BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120
m, 7°44’S 146°30’E, 16.-25.XI.1999, leg. T. A. Sears;
1$ BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu
Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E,
Malaise Trap, 19.-25.XI.1999, leg. T. A. Sears; 1$
BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin,
Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E, 5.-10.
111.2000, Malaise trap, leg. T. A. Sears; 1(6 BMEC: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka Res.
Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E, 21.111.2000, Malaise
trap, leg. T. A. Sears; 1$ BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka Res. Station, 120 m,
7°44’S 146°30’E, 6.IV.2000, leg. T. A. Sears; 1(6 BMEC:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka
Res. Station, 120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E, 18.IV.2000,
Malaise Trap, leg. T. A. Sears; 1$ BMEC: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, Gulf Prov., Lakekamu Basin, Ivimka Res. Station,
120 m, 7°44’S 146°30’E, 19.-23.IV.2000, Malaise
Trap, leg. T. A. Sears; 1$ BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Morobe Prov., Tekadu, 120 m, 7°38’S 146°34’E,
1.2000, Malaise Trap, leg. T. A. Sears & binatung brigade;
1$ BMEC: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Tekadu,
120 m, 7°38’S 146°34’E, 13.IV.2000, leg. T. A. Sears &
binatung brigade.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The specific
epithet is genitive case fennale noun of Latin first
(-a) declension, derived fronn nanne (Katharina,
-ae, f.). The species is dedicated to Katharina
Tunnbrinck, wife of the first author that has been
married to him already 22 years and is mother
of two wonderful children. Let the coincidence
be accidental, Katarina (Skejo) is also name of
the second author’s sister (the only difference
in spelling being T vs digraph ‘th’). Thus, for all
wonderful Katharines - ‘Katharine’s Giraffehopper’.
Description: Antennal segments dark brownish.
Fourth and fifth antennal segments (segments
broadly lamellate.
12+13 in
11+12 in
Only fourth antennal segment from the tip
(segment 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
with protruded
99
- 7
edge at inner margin. Inner dorsal margin of fifth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 11 in
10 in (6(6) straight. Two apical segments (segments
together shorter than
. 12 in
14+15 in 13+14 in
third apical segment (segment 13 in
in
. Three apical segments (segments 13+14+15
. 12+13+14 in
together longer than
fourth segment from the tip (segment 12 in 11
. The dorsal 1/4 of fourth segment parallel.
in
Sixth antennal segment from the tip (segment 10 in
, 9 in
narrower than third antennal segment
from the tip (segment 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
. Apical
segments with some narrow whitish bristles.
Lateral carinae of the vertex run parallel. Tip of
the fastigium dark. Median carina of the vertex, in
frontal view, deeper than lateral carinae. Pronotum
with yellow stripes. Visible part of the abdomen
and hind femora partially yellow. Measurements
holotype
pronotum length 8.58 mm, pronotum
lobe width 3.55 mm, pronotum height 1.50 mm,
hind femur length 8.84 mm, hind femur width 1.55
mm, vertex width 0.39 mm, eye width 0.68 mm,
antenna length 9.10 mm, head length 4.95 mm,
head index 1.74. Measurements paratypes 18
pronotum length (18$); 8.84 - 11.18 mm, average
9.89 mm; pronotum lobe width (18$); 3.7 - 4.45
mm, average 3.97 mm; pronotum height (189): 1.9
561
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
- 2.60 nnnn, average 2.15 nnnn; hind fennur length
(18$): 8.06 - 10.53 nnnn, average 9.22 nnnn; hind
fennur width (18$): 1.5 - 1.95 nnnn, average 1.77
nnnn; vertex width (18$): 0.39 - 0.49 nnnn, average
0.44 nnnn; eye width (18$): 0.62 - 0.72 nnnn, average
0.67 nnnn; antenna length (18$): 7.67 - 11.05 nnnn,
average 9.26 nnnn; head length (18$): 4.8 - 5.52
nnnn, average 5.17 nnnn; head index (18$): 1.41
- 1.92 nnnn, average 1.67 nnnn. Measurennents
paratypes 4(5: pronotunn length (46'): 7.93 - 8.58
nnnn, average 8.16 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (46'):
3.3 - 3.55 nnnn, average 3.44 nnnn; pronotunn height
(46'): 1.5 - 1.95 nnnn, average 1.71 nnnn; hind fennur
length (46'): 8.06 - 8.84 nnnn, average 8.29 nnnn;
hind fennur width (46'): 1-45 - 1.55 nnnn, average
1.53 nnnn; vertex width (46'): 0.37 - 0.39 nnnn,
average 0.39 nnnn; eye width (46'): 0.64 - 0.68 nnnn,
average 0.66 nnnn; antenna length (46'): 7.45 - 9.10
nnnn, average 8.07 nnnn; head length (46'): 4.48 -
4.95 nnnn, average 4.73 nnnn; head index (46'): 1-48
- 1.74 nnnn, average 1.59 nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: 0. katharinae sp.
nov. is one of the species without pale coloured
apical antennal segnnents, subapical antennal
segnnents with lannellate inner nnargins and fifth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip with straight or
backwards curved dorsal nnargin. The dorsal 1/4
of the length of fourth antennal segnnent fronn
the tip directed parallel or convergent towards
the tip, and third antennal segnnent fronn the tip
without long protruded tip. 0. katharinae sp. nov.
is nnorphologically close to 0. lorentzi Bolfvar, 1929
(Lorentzi species group), 0. flyriveriensis sp. nov.,
0. kaitani sp. nov., 0. karimuiensis sp. nov. and 0.
quateorum sp. nov. (Katharinae species group), but
differs fronn thenn by dark tip of the fastigiunn.
Distribution: Upper basin of Lakekannu River.
Ophiotettix luce sp. nov. (Plate 106 fig. 7, plate
110 fig. 7, plate 114 fig. 7, plate 118 fig. 7,
plate 121 fig. 15)
Holotype $ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Pionierbivak [2°20’S 138°00’E], 20.XII.1920-I.1921,
leg. W. C. V. Heurn.
nanne to previously nnentioned heroine, Lucy Evelyn
Cheesnnan.
Description: Antennal segnnents fronn dark
(apical segnnents) to brownish (basal segnnents).
No antennal segnnent broadly lannellate. Two apical
segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together shorter than third apical segnnent
(segnnent 13 in
o
12 in
. Three apical
segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15 in 9 9, 12+13+14
in
together longer than fourth segnnent fronn
the tip (segnnent 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
Third
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in
12 in
distinctly tapering fronn the nniddle to the
tip. Fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent
11 in
10 in
with straight dorsal nnargin.
Sixth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
narrower than third antennal segnnent
fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral
carinae of the vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn
dark. Vertex flattened, nnedian carina as high as
lateral carinae. Pronotunn with snnall dark stripes,
but colouration rennains uncertain. Measurennents
holotype
pronotunn length 9.10 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 6.0 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.0 nnnn, hind
fennur length 8.58 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.50 nnnn,
vertex width 0.37 nnnn, eye width 0.64 nnnn, antenna
length 8.0 nnnn, head length 5.0 nnnn, head index
1.86.
Differential diagnosis: 0. luce sq. nov. is one
of the species with dark antennae and antennal
segnnents with nninute nnargins, not broadly
lannellate. Other species of this group are: 0.
scolopax Bolfvar, 1929, 0. bewana sp. nov., 0.
bomberaiensis sp. nov., 0. depressa sp. nov., 0.
filiforma sp. nov., 0. mountnokensis sp. nov. and
0. projecta sp. nov. (all nnennbers of the Linnosina
species group, characteristic in slender antennae).
0. luce sp. nov. is unique species within the group
in having third antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 13 in $$, 12 in 6'6') distinctly tapering
fronn the nniddle towards the tip. In all other species
lateral nnargins of this segnnent run parallel.
Distribution: Upper Mannberanno River.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The specific
epithet is fennale noun in Nonninative case, first
Latin declension (Luce, -ae, f.). The epithet is
derived fronn Dainnatian nicknanne (Luce, one of
the versions of Croatian dinninutive Luca) of Lucija
Seric Jelaska, excellent Croatian entonnologist
(prinnarily carabidologist), nnolecular biologist, and
ecologist. We are happy to dedicate this species
in her honor. Lucija Seric Jelaska bears sinnilar
Ophiotettix meggy sp. nov. (Plate 106 fig. 8, plate
110 fig. 8, plate 114 fig. 8, plate 118 fig. 8,
plate 121 fig. 16)
Holotype $ SMTD: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West
Sepik Prov., Torricelli Gebirge, 900 nn, 1910, leg. Dr.
Schlaginhaufen.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The specific
epithet is Nonninative case noun in fenninine
gender, derived fronn Anglicized nicknanne
562
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
(Meggy, -ae, f.). The species is dedicated to Meggy
Bofdruzic, barnnaid in Zagreb Departnnent of
Biology ’Kantina Medulich’. She was annazed by
diversity of Giraffehoppers and very curious about
our research.
Description: Apical segnnents of the antennae
pale (third segnnent only a little bit). No antennal
segnnents with clear tip at the inner nnargin but third
to fifth antennal segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents
11+12+13 in 10+ 11+12 in 33) broadened
and lannellate. Fourth and fifth antennal segnnents
(segnnents 12+13 in
99
- 7
11+12 in
with a
protruding edge. Two apical segnnents (segnnents
14+15 in 99, 13+14 in
together as long as
third apical segnnent (segnnent 13 in
12 in
. Three apical segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15
in
12+13+14 in
together longer than
fourth segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
The dorsal 1/4 of fourth segnnent
sonnewhat widened towards the tip. Sixth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
narrower than third antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 13 in
12 in
. Apical segnnents
with narrow whitish bristles. Lateral carinae of the
vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn brightened.
Median carina of the vertex, in frontal view, little
bit deeper than lateral carinae. Pronotunn without
yellow stripes. Visible part of the abdonnen and
hind fennora brownish. Only the lateral lobes yellow.
Measurennents holotype pronotunn length 9.88
nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.95 nnnn, pronotunn
height 2.35 nnnn, hind fennur length 9.36 nnnn, hind
fennur width 1.55 nnnn, vertex width 0.29 nnnn, eye
width 0.68 nnnn, antenna length 10.27 nnnn, head
length 5.28 nnnn, head index 1.75.
Differential diagnosis: As a species with
pale apical antennal segnnents and at least one
antennal segnnent with protruded tip at the inner
nnargin at fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
0. meggy sp. nov. is sinnilar to 0. westwoodi stat.
rev. and 0. cheesmanae sp. nov. (all nnennbers of
the Westwoodi species group). It differs fronn these
species by flat vertex and fifth antennal segnnent
fronn the tip that bears protruded edge.
Distribution: Torricelli Mountains.
Ophiotettix mountnokensis sp. nov. (Plate 106 figs
9-10, plate 110 figs 9-10, plate 114 figs 9-10,
plate 118 figs 9-10, plate 121 fig. 17)
Holotype 6' BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Waigeo, Mt. Nok, IV.1938, leg. L. E. Cheesman.
Paratypes: 7$,4(5'(1/12-11/12) BMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Waigeo, Mt. Nok, IV.1938, leg. L. E.
Cheesman, deposited in ZFMK(2/12, 8/12), [1$ 11/12
antennae lost]; ±3 (12/12) BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Waigeo, Camp Nok, 2500 ft, IV.1938, leg. L E.
Cheesman [antennae lost].
Additional material: 23 nymphs BMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Waigeo, Mt Nok, IV.1938,
leg. L. E. Cheesman; 1$ nymph BMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Waigeo, Camp Nok, 2500 ft, IV.1938, leg.
L. E. Cheesman.
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. The specific
epithet represents Nonninative fenninine adjective
of the third Latin declension, derived fronn ‘Mount
+ ‘Nok’ + geographically - related suffix ‘-ensis’
(nnountnokensis, -e), nneaning fronn Mount Nok, or
can be regarded as noun, nneaning - inhabitant of
Mt. Nok - binonnen literally nneaning ‘Giraffehopper
of Mt Nok’.
Description: Apical antennal segnnents lighter
brownish. Other segnnents dark brownish. No
antennal segnnent broadened and lannellate. Two
apical segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in $$, 13+14
together shorter than third apical segnnent
in
(segnnent 13 in
o
12 in
. Three apical
segnnents (segnnents 13+14+15 in $$, 12+13+14
in 33) together longerthan fourth segnnentfronn the
tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
Sixth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent IC in
, 9 in
as broad as third antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae of
the vertex convergent towards the tip. Tip of the
fastigiunn little bit brightened in the nniddle. Median
carina of the vertex deeper than lateral carinae.
Pronotunn with snnall yellow stripes and a broad
yellow saddle in front of prozona. Hind fennora dark
with sonne lighter patches. Measurennents holotype
: pronotunn length 8.97 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width
4.25 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.5D nnnn, hind fennur
length 1D.92 nnnn, hind fennur width 2.D5 nnnn,
vertex width D.49 nnnn, eye width D.7D nnnn, antenna
length 1D.92 nnnn, head length 4.88 nnnn, head
index 1.4. Measurennents paratypes 7$: pronotunn
length (7$): 1D.14 - 11.96 nnnn, average 11.11 nnnn;
pronotunn lobe width (7$): 4.5 - 5.1D nnnn, average
4.8D nnnn; pronotunn height (7$): 2.35 - 2.9D nnnn,
average 2.68 nnnn; hind fennur length (4$): 1D.92
- 11.7D nnnn, average 11.25 nnnn; hind fennur width
(4$): 1.85 - 2.D nnnn, average 1.94 nnnn; vertex width
(7$): D.49 - D.62 nnnn, average D.56 nnnn; eye width
(7$): D.68 - D.74 nnnn, average D.72 nnnn; antenna
length (6$): 11.7 - 12.87 nnnn, average 12.26 nnnn;
head length (7$): 5.44 - 5.84 nnnn, average 5.59
nnnn; head index (7$): 1.54 - 1.79 nnnn, average
1.62 nnnn. Measurennents paratypes 66': pronotunn
length (6(6): 8.97 - ID. 14 nnnn, average 9.58 nnnn;
pronotunn lobe width (6(6): 4.1 - 4.35 nnnn, average
563
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
4.25 nnnn; pronotunn height (GcJ): 1.9 - 2.60 nnnn,
average 2.23 nnnn; hind fennur length (5(5): 10.14
- 10.92 nnnn, average 10.59 nnnn; hind fennur width
(5(5): 1.7 - 2.05 nnnn, average 1.79 nnnn; vertex width
(6(5): 0.47 - 0.55 nnnn, average 0.50 nnnn; eye width
(6(5): 0.68 - 0.70 nnnn, average 0.69 nnnn; antenna
length (5(5): 10.92 - 12.09 nnnn, average 11.49
nnnn; head length (6(5): 4.88 - 5.15 nnnn, average
5.04 nnnn; head index (6(5): 1.4 - 1.60 nnnn, average
1.52 nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: 0. mountnokensis
sp. nov. is one of the species with dark antennas
having snnall nnargins, but not being lannellate or
broadened. Other species of this group are: 0.
scolopax Bolfvar, 1929, 0. bewana sp. nov., 0.
bomberaiensis sp. nov., 0. depressa sp. nov., 0.
fili forma sp. nov., 0. luce sp. nov. and 0. projecta
sp. nov. (this is Linnosina species group, without 0.
limosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865), species
in which all the segments are rounded in cross
section). 0. mountnokensis sp. nov. differs from all
other species in the group (except for 0. depressa
sp. nov.) by deep vertex (median carina deeper
than lateral carinae). From 0. depressa sp. nov. it
is easily separated by convergent lateral carinae. In
no other Ophiotettix species we found a broadened
yellow saddle over the pronotum, but it is uncertain
if this character of somewhat elevated chitinous
structure of discus and colouration is useful for
taxonomy and what is its purpose.
Distribution: Mount Nok on the island of Waigeo.
Ophiotettix parvicoiiis sp. nov. (Plate 106 figs 11-
12, plate 110 figs 11-12, plate 114 figs 11-12,
plate 118 figs 11-12, plate 121 fig. 18)
Holotype (5 BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Kassem
Pass, 1400-1430 m, 4.IX.1964, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek.
Paratypes: 1$ (1/5) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
Kassem Pass, 1400 m, 4.1.1965, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek,
deposited in NCB-RMNH [antennae damaged]; 1$
(2/5) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, 20-22 km SEOkapa,
2100-2250 m, 24.VIII.1964, leg. J. & M. Sedlacek
deposited in ZFMK [antennae lost]; 1$ (3/5) BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Purosa, 20-26 km SE Okapa
[6°40’S 145°34’E], 1800-2020 m, 28.VIII.1964, leg. J.
& M. Sedlacek [antennae lost]; 1$ (4/5) BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, 18 km SE of Okapa [6°38’S 145°44’E],
1300 m, 31.V.1967, leg. G. A. Samuelson, deposited in
BMNH [antennae lost]; 1$ (5/5) BPBM: PAPUA NEW
GUINEA, [Eastern Highland Prov.], Aiyura, nr. Kainantu
[6°20’S 145°54’E], 1700-1800 m, 9.1.1965, leg. J. L
Gressitt.
Derivatio nominis: Specific epithet is
combination of two Latin words, one adjective
and a noun - ‘parvi-’ being borrowed from first
and second declension adjective ‘parvus, -a, -urn’,
meaning small, while ‘collis’ is ablative plural of
the neuter gender second (-us) declension noun
‘collum, -i, n.’ meaning neck. Whole epithet thus
means ‘Giraffehopper of small necks’. The species
is named this way because of the short head,
shortest of all known species.
Description: Together with 0. roesleri sp. nov.
this is the smallest Ophiotettix species. It is also
species of the shortest neck (head index <0.9).
All antennal segments brownish. No antennal
segment with a clear tip at the inner margin, but
third and fourth antennal segments from the tip
(segments 12+13 in
11+12 in
little bit
lamellate, with a distinct edge. Two apical segments
(segments 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together
longer than third apical segment (segment 13 in
12 in
13+14+15 in
. Three apical segments (segments
12+13+14 in
together
longer than fourth segment from the tip (segment
12 in
11 in
Fourth antennal segment
from the tip (segment 12 in
, 11 in
widened
towards the tip. Sixth antennal segment from the
tip (segment 10 in
99
- 7
9 in
narrower than
third antennal segment from the tip (segment 13
in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex
run parallel. Tip of the fastigium dark. Median
carina of the vertex, in frontal view, little bit deeper
than lateral carinae. Fastigium narrow. Tip of the
fastigium, in lateral view, little bit protruding in front
of the eyes. Pronotum without or with interrupted
yellow stripes. Visible part of the abdomen and
hind femora predominantly yellow. Measurements
holotype
pronotum length 6.0 mm, pronotum
lobe width 3.20 mm, pronotum height 1.75 mm,
hind femur length 6.08 mm, hind femur width 1.20
mm, vertex width 0.23 mm, eye width 0.57 mm,
antenna length 5.92 mm, head length 3.25 mm.
head index 0.68. Measurements paratypes 5
pronotum length (5$): 7.15 - 8.45 mm, average
7.93 mm; pronotum lobe width (5$): 3.8 - 4.0
mm, average 3.90 mm; pronotum height (5$): 2.0
- 2.25 mm, average 2.17 mm; hind femur length
(4$): 6.63 - 7.41 mm, average 7.18 mm; hind femur
width (4$): 1.5 - 1.75 mm, average 1.65 mm;
vertex width (5$): 0.25 - 0.31 mm, average 0.27
mm; eye width (5$): 0.59 - 0.64 mm, average 0.62
mm; antenna length (1$): 5.59 mm; head length
(5$): 3.55 - 3.90 mm, average 3.72 mm; head
index (5$): 0.65 - 0.90 mm, average 0.81 mm.
Differential diagnosis: Together with 0.
hansscholteni sp. nov. (Hansscholteni species
group) the only species without lamellate antennal
564
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
segnnents but little bit tip or protruding edge at the
dorsal inner margin of fourth antennal segment
from the tip. It differs from this species by much
shorter neck (head index of 0. parvicollis sp. nov.
<1). it belongs to the species group composed of
species with short neck - Brevicollis species group.
Distribution: Eastern Highlands Province.
Ophiotettix projecta sp. nov. (Plate 106 fig. 13,
plate 110 fig. 13, plate 114 fig. 13, plate 118
fig. 13, plate 121 fig. 19)
Holotype 6' MEN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East Sepik
Prov.], Standlager am Aprilfluss [4°32’S 142°29’E],
24.X.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers.
Pa retype: 1$ (1/1) MFN: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[East Sepik Prov.], Standlager am Aprilfluss [4°32’S
142°29’E], 24.X.1912, leg. S. G. Burgers.
Derivatio nominis: The specific epithet is
Nominative case feminine gender adjective
(projectus, -a, -urn), which is in fact participle
of the passive voice of perfect tense of the third
conjugation verb ‘projicio, projicere, projeci,
projectum’, with meaning - in this case particularly
- to protrude (other meanings are also to throw out,
to abandon). The species is named with this epithet
of this name because of being the only species in
the Limosina species group with partially projected
vertex.
Description: Antennal segments from dark
(apical segments) to brownish (basal segments).
No antennal segment broadly lamellate. Two apical
segments (segments 14+15 in
QQ
- 7
13+14 in
together as long as third apical segment (segment
13 in
QQ
- 7
12 in
Three apical segments
(segments 13+14+15 in
Q
-- ?
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth segment from the tip
(segment 12 in
11 in
Fourth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 12 in 11 in
with little bit protruding edge, but not broadly
lamellate. Sixth antennal segment from the tip
(segment 10 in
9 in
as broad as third
antennal segment from the tip (segment 13 in
QQ
- 7
12 in
. Lateral carinae of the vertex run parallel.
Tip of the fastigium dark. Vertex flat, median
Carina as high as lateral carinae. Pronotum with
yellow stripes. Hind femora and visible part of the
abdomen partially yellow. Measurements holotype
: pronotum length 8.45 mm, pronotum lobe width
3.65 mm, pronotum height 1.90 mm, hind femur
length 8.32 mm, hind femur width 1.60 mm, vertex
width 0.41 mm, eye width 0.59 mm, antenna length
7.02 mm, head length 4.90 mm, head index 2.05.
Measurements holotype 2 (1/1): pronotum length
8.58 mm, pronotum lobe width 4.10 mm, pronotum
height 2.25 mm, hind femur length 9.36 mm,
hind femur width no measurements, vertex width
0.39 mm, eye width 0.59 mm, antenna length no
measurements, head length 4.90 mm, head index
2.2.
Differential diagnosis: 0. projecta sp. nov. is
one ofthe species with dark antenna and segments
with small margins, but not lamellate or broadened.
Other species of this group are: 0. scolopax, 0.
bewana sp. nov., 0. bomberaiensis sp. nov., 0.
depressa sp. nov., 0. filiforma sp. nov., 0. luce sp.
nov. and 0. mountnokensis sp. nov. (all members
of the Limosina species group, characterized in
slender antennae). 0. projecta sp. nov. is unique in
this group because ofthe tip ofthe fastigium which
being protruded in front ofthe eyes.
Distribution: Upper Sepik at April River.
Ophiotettix pulcherrima sp. nov. (Plate 106 fig. 14,
plate 110 fig. 14, plate 114 figs 14-15, plate
118 figs 14-15, plate 121 fig. 20, plate 123
figs 1, 3-4)
Holotype 6' ZSM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Yapen Island, Serui, Mantembo [Mantembu, 1°51’S
136°15’E], 200-700 m, 6.IX.1991, leg. A. Riedel.
Pa retypes: Ic/ (1/8) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Yapen Island, SSE Sumberbaba, Dawai R.
Qungle) [1°49’S 136°41’E], 10.X.1962, leg. H. Holtmann
[antennae lost]; !(/ (2/8) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Yapen Island, SSE Sumberbaba, Dawai R.
Qungle) [1°49’S 136°4rE], 28.X.1962, leg. H. Holtmann
(antennae damaged); 1$ (3/8) BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Yapen Island, SSE Sumberbaba, Dawai
R. (secondary Jungle) [1°49’S 136°41’E], 2.XI.1962,
leg. H. Holtmann; IS (4/8) BMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Yapen, Seroi, Aiam Range, Mt. Baduri, Camp
1, 1000 ft, IX.1938, leg. L E. Cheesman; 1$ (5/8)
MSNG: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, [Schouten Islands,
Yapen], Ansus [Ansas, 1°43’S 135°50’E], IV.1875,
leg. Beccari; 1$ (6/8) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Bernhard Camp B. [3°29’S 139°13’E], 100 m,
10.IV.1939, leg. L J. Toxopeus; 16' (7/8) NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Bernhard Camp [3°29’S
139°13’E], 50 m, VIII.1938, leg. J. Olthof; 1(6 (8/8)
NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Bernhard
Camp [3°29’S 139°13’E], 50 m, 19.IX.1938, leg. J.
Olthof, deposited in ZFMK.
Additional material: 1$ SMTD: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Prauwenbivak [3°15’S 138°35’E], VI.-
VI 1.1920, leg. W. C. V. Hoorn (photos Orthoptera species
files, not seen); 1$ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Mountain slope above Bernhard Camp [3°29’S
139°13’E], 750 m, 19.111.1939, leg. L J. Toxopeus
[antennae lost]; 2$ NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Bernhard Camp [3°29’S 139°13’E], 50 m,
VIII.1938, leg. J. Olthof [antennae lost]; 1$ nymph NCB-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Bernhard Camp
[3°29’S 139°13’E], 50 m, 27.IX.1938, leg. J. Olthof; 1$,
1(5', INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Yapen, Warironi Village,
1°51.293’S 136°32.614’E, photos by David Price.
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet is
nonninative case fenninine gender Latin adjective in
superlative (fronn pulcher, -ra, -unn to pulcherrimus
-a, -unn, meaning beautiful, neat). The species is
named because of its beauty. A literal translation
of the binomen would be ‘Very neat giraffehopper’.
Description: Apical segments of the antennae
pale (third segment from the tip in more than
half of it length and fourth segment only little bit
from the tip). No antennal segments with clear
tip at the inner margin, but third to fifth antennal
segments from the tip (segments 11+12+13 in
10+11+12 in
a little bit lamellate and
fourth antennal segment from the tip (segment 12
in
o
- h ?
11 in
with distinct minute protruding
edge at the inner margin. Fourth antennal segment
from the tip (segment 12 in
11 in
little
bit convergent towards the tip. Two apical segments
(segments 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together
shorter than third apical segment (segment 13 in
12 in
13+14+15 in
. Three apical segments (segments
12+13+14 in
together
longer than fourth segment from the tip (segment
12 in 99, 11 in
. Sixth antennal segment from
the tip (segment 10 in
, 9 in
narrower than
third antennal segment from the tip (segment 13
in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex run
parallel. Tip of the fastigium brightened. Median
Carina of the vertex, in frontal view, little bit deeper
than lateral carinae. Pronotum with yellow and
white stripes. Hind femora and visible part of the
abdomen partially yellow. Measurements holotype
: pronotum length 8.29 mm, pronotum lobe width
3.67 mm, pronotum height 2.10 mm, hind femur
length 8.24 mm, hind femur width 1.52 mm, vertex
width 0.42 mm, eye width 0.68 mm, antenna
length 9.42 mm, head length 5.46 mm, head index
1.94. Measurements paratypes 3
pronotum
length (3$): 10.79 - 11.70 mm, average 11.27
mm; pronotum lobe width (3$): 4.25 - 4.40 mm,
average 4.35 mm; pronotum height (3$): 2.33
- 2.40 mm, average 2.36 mm; hind femur length
(2$): 9.88 - 10.27 mm, average 10.08 mm; hind
femur width (2$): 1.75 - 1.80 mm, average 1.78
mm; vertex width (3$): 0.41 - 0.45 mm, average
0.43 mm; eye width (3$): 0.62 - 0.68 mm, average
0.66 2 mm; antenna length (3$): 8.45 - 9.23
mm, average 8.75 mm; head length (3$): 5.44 -
6.23 mm, average 5.84 mm; head index (39):
2.0 - 2.08 mm, average 2.05 mm. Measurements
paratypes 6(S'. pronotum length (Oc?): 8.29 - 9.36
mm, average 8.90 mm; pronotum lobe width {63)-
3.6 - 3.75 mm, average 3.67 mm; pronotum height
(6(5): 1.8 - 2.25 mm, average 2.05 mm; hind femur
length (5(5): 8.24 - 9.36 mm, average 8.82 mm;
hind femur width (5(5): 1.5 - 1.65 mm, average 1.55
mm; vertex width (6(5): 0.39 - 0.45 mm, average
0.42 mm; eye width (6(5): 0.62 - 0.68 mm, average
0.66 mm; antenna length (4(5): 8.19 - 9.49 mm,
average 8.95 mm; head length (6(5): 4.96 - 6.36
mm, average 5.38 mm; head index (6(5): 1.94 -
2.21 mm, average 2.05 mm.
Differential diagnosis: As a species with
pale apical antennal segments and no antennal
segment with a protrudingtip at the inner margin 0.
pulcherrima sp. nov. (Pulcherrima species group) is
near to 0. fritzpahli sp. nov. (Wesdtwoodi species
group) and 0. rebrinae sp. nov. (Pulcherrima
species group). It differs from 0. rebrinae sp. nov. by
pale colouration in the beginning of fourth antennal
segment from the tip and from 0. fritzpahli sp. nov.
by flat vertex and brightened tip of the fastigium.
Distribution: Yapen Island and Mamberamo
River basin on mainland New Guinea.
Ophiotettix pushkari sp. nov. (Plate 107 figs 1-2,
plate 111 figs 1-2, plate 115 figs 1-2, plate
119 figs 1-2, plate 121 fig. 21)
Holotype (5 BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Vogelkop, Kebar Valley, W. of Manokwari [0°49’S
133°01’E], 550 m, 4.-31.I.1962, leg. L W. Quate.
Paratype: 1? (1/1) BPBM, INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA
Vogelkop, Kebar Valley, W. of Manokwari [0°49’S
133°01’E], 550 m, 4.-31.I.1962, leg. L W. Quate,
deposited in ZFMK.
Additional material: 1$ nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop, Kebar Valley, W. of Manokwari
[0°49’S 133°0rE], 550 m, 4.-31.I.1962, leg. L W.
Quate.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. The specific
epithet is the genitive case of the male noun of
second (-us) Latin declension, derived from surname
(Pushkarus, -i, m.) The species is dedicated to our
friend and colleague, Taras I. Pushkar, orthopterist
(and alsotetrigidologist) from Ukraine. He helped us
and collaborated with us a lot on Tetrigidae issues
and we are very happy to dedicate this species in
Taras’ honour.
Description: Apical and subapical segments of
the antennae black, othersegments brownish. Third
to fifth antennal segments from the tip (segments
11+12+13 in $$, 10+11+12 in (5(5) like a “cup”,
with a long tip at the inner margin of antennal
566
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
segnnents four and five counted fronn the tip. The
dorsal 1/3 of fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
convergent towards
the tip. Two apical segnnents (segnnent 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together as long as third apical
segnnent (segnnent 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
Three
apical segnnents (segnnent 13+14+15 in
12+13+14 in
together shorter than fourth
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
. Sixth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent
10 in 9
9 in
narrow than third antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
. Lateral carinae of the vertex run parallel. Tip
of the fastigiunn dark. Median carina of the vertex,
in frontal view, as high as lateral carinae. Pronotunn
with reddish to yellow stripes. Hind fennora and
visible part of the abdonnen partially reddish or
yellow. Measurennents holotype 9 : pronotunn length
8.45 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.20 nnnn, pronotunn
height 1.65 nnnn, hind fennur length 7.44 nnnn, hind
fennur width 1.60 nnnn, vertex width 0.43 nnnn, eye
width 0.66 nnnn, antenna length 6.89 nnnn, head
length 4.25 nnnn, head index 1.43. Measurennents
pa retype
pronotunn length 8.97 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 3.50 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.20 nnnn,
hind fennur length 8.0 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.65
nnnn, vertex width 0.45 nnnn, eye width 0.59 nnnn,
antenna length 7.76 nnnn, head length 4.50 nnnn,
head index 1.33.
Differential diagnosis: 0. pushkari sp. nov.
is one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents
with lannellate inner nnargins and third antennal
segnnent fronn the tip with a distinctly protruded long
tip at the inner nnargin. 0. pushkari sp. nov. is near to
0. cygnicollis Walker, 1871, 0. amberiana sp. nov.,
0. storozhenkoi sp. nov. (together with 0. pushkari
sp. nov. nnennbers of the Cygnicollis species group)
and 0. toxopei sp. nov. (Toxopei species group). 0.
toxopei sp. nov. is unique in having a widened third
antennal segnnent fronn the tip. 0. pushkari sp. nov.
differs fronn 0. cygnicoiiis and 0. amberiana sp.
nov. in nnorphology of the fourth and fifth antennal
segnnents fronn the tip, which are less than twice as
wide as the second segnnent fronn the tip. It differs
fronn 0. storozhenkoi sp. nov. by the flat vertex.
Distribution: Kebar Valley.
Ophiotettix quateorum sp. nov. (Plate 107 figs 3-5,
plate 111 figs 3-4, plate 115 figs 3-4, plate
119 figs 3-4, plate 122 fig. 4)
Holotype $ BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, [Star
Mountains], Sibil Valley [4°45’S 140°40’E], 1245 m,
18.X.-8.XI.1961, leg. L. W. Quate.
Paratypes: 5$, 36' (1/8-8/8) BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, [Star Mountains], Sibil Valley [4°45’S
140°40’E], 1245 m, 18.X.-8.XI.1961, leg. S. or L W.
Quate, deposited in ZFMK (1/8, 8/8), NCB-RMNH (2/8)
and BMNH (5/8) [4$, 2S antennae lost].
Additional material: 1$ nymph, 1(6 nymph BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, [Star Mountains], Sibil Valley
[4°45’S 140°40’E], 1245 m, 18.X.-8.XI.1961, leg. S.
Quate and L. W. Quate.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The specific
epithet is the plural genitive case of the second
(-us) Latin declension of the fennale or nnale noun
derived fronn a surnanne (Quateus, -i, nn./f.). The
species is dedicated to its collectors, entonnologists
Stella H. Quate and Lawrence W. Quate - specialized
in Psychodidae. A literal translation of the specific
nanne is ‘Giraffehopper of Quates’
Description: Apical and subapical segnnents of
the antennae black, the other segnnents brownish.
Fourth and fifth antennal segnnents fronn the tip
(segnnents 12+13 in
Q
-- ?
11+12 in
little bit
lannellate, with snnall protruding inner nnargin
of fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip. The
dorsal 1/4 of fourth antennal segnnent fronn the
tip (segnnent 12 in
11 in
sonnewhat
convergent towards the tip. Inner edge of the
dorsal nnargin of fifth antennal segnnent fronn
the tip (segnnent 11 in
99
- 7
10 in
directed
backwards. Two apical segnnents (segnnent 14+15
in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together as long as third
apical segnnent (segnnent 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
Three apical segnnents (segnnent 13+14+15 in
99
- 7
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
. Sixth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent
10 in 99. 9 in
narrower than third antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
. Lateral carinae of the vertex run parallel. Tip
of the fastigiunn brightened. Median carina of the
vertex, in frontal view, as high as lateral carinae.
Pronotunn with yellow stripes. Hind fennora partially
yellow. Visible part of the abdonnen partially whitish.
Measurennents holotype
pronotunn length 7.28
nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.25 nnnn, pronotunn
height 1.95 nnnn, hind fennur length 7.80 nnnn, hind
fennur width 1.40 nnnn, vertex width 0.31 nnnn, eye
width 0.64 nnnn, antenna length 6.63 nnnn, head
length 4.30 nnnn, head index 1.65. Measurennents
paratypes 6$: pronotunn length (6$): 7.15 - 7.54
nnnn, average 7.35 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width
(6$): 3.1 - 3.40 nnnn, average 3.23 nnnn; pronotunn
height (6$): 1.7 - 2.30 nnnn, average 1.92 nnnn;
hind fennur length (3$): 7.54 - 7.80 nnnn, average
7.63 nnnn; hind fennur width (39): 1.4 - 1.40 nnnn.
567
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
average 1.40 nnnn; vertex width (6$): 0.31 - 0.35
mm, average 0.32 mm; eye width (6$): 0.61 - 0.68
mm, average 0.64 mm; antenna length (2$): 6.63
- 7.15 mm, average 6.89 mm; head length (6$):
4.2 - 4.70 mm, average 4.40 mm; head index (6$):
1.4 - 1.65 mm, average 1.53 mm. Measurements
paratypes 33'. pronotum length (36'): 5.98 - 6.11
mm, average 6.07 mm; pronotum lobe width (36'):
2.3 - 2.90 mm, average 2.58 mm; pronotum height
(36'): 1-6 - 1.70 mm, average 1.65 mm; hind femur
length (26'): 6.76 - 6.76 mm, average 6.76 mm; hind
femur width (26'): 1-15 - 1.25 mm, average 1.20
mm; vertex width (36'): 0.31 - 0.33 mm, average
0.32 mm; eye width (36'): 0.51 - 0.62 mm, average
0.57 mm; antenna length (26'): 5.85 - 6.89 mm,
average 6.37 mm; head length (36'): 3.9 - 4.05
mm, average 4.0 mm; head index (36'): 1-36 - 1.50
mm, average 1.44 mm.
Differential diagnosis: 0. quateorum sp. nov.
is one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segments, subapical antennal segments
with lamellate inner margins and fifth antennal
segment from the tip with dorsal margin straight
or curved backwards. The dorsal 1/4 of the length
of fourth antennal segment from the tip parallel
or convergent towards the tip and third antennal
segment without protruding tip. 0. quateorum sp.
nov. is morphologically similar to 0. lorentzi Bolfvar,
1929 (Lorenzi species group), 0. flyriveriensis sp.
nov., 0. kaitani sp. nov., 0. katharinae sp. nov. and
0. karimuiensissq. nov. (Katharinae species group),
but differs from other species by its smaller size:
pronotum length male <7 mm (in other species >8
mm) and female <8 mm (in other species listed >9
mm).
Distribution: Sibil Valley.
Ophiotettix rebrinae sp. nov. (Plate 107 fig. 6,
plate 111 fig. 5, plate 115 fig. 5, plate 119 fig.
5, plate 122 fig. 1)
Holotype 6 BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Bodem, 11 km SE of Oerberfaren [1°58’S 138°44’E],
100 m, 7.-17.VII.1959, leg. T. C. Maa.
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. The specific
epithet is male surname in the genitive case of
the first Latin declension (-a declension, usually
for feminine nouns, but since the surname of
dedication ends in -a, we found it appositely to
use the first declension instead of the second) -
‘Rebrina, -ae, m.’ The species is dedicated to Fran
Rebrina, a young Croatian entomologist specialized
in Orthoptera (especially Ensifera), and a good
friend of Skejo. We are very happy to dedicate this
species to our enthusiastic colleague.
Description: Apical segments of the antennae
pale (third segment from the tip more than half
of its length). No antennal segment with tip at
the inner margin. Fourth antennal segment from
the tip (segment 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
narrow and
parallel. Two apical segments (segments 14+15
in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together shorter than third
apical segment (segment 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
Three apical segments (segments 13+14+15 in
99
- 7
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth
segment from the tip (segment 12 in
, 11 in
Inner edge of the dorsal margin of fifth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 11 in
Q
-- ?
10 in
directed backwards. Sixth antennal segment
from the tip (segment 10 in
, 9 in
narrower
than third antennal segment from the tip (segment
13 in 99, 12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex
run parallel. Tip of the fastigium brightened.
Median carina of the vertex, in frontal view, little
bit deeper than lateral carinae. Pronotum with
yellow stripes. Flind femora and visible part of the
abdomen partially yellow. Measurements holotype
: pronotum length 8,19 mm, pronotum lobe width
3.45 mm, pronotum height 2.0 mm, hind femur
length 8.06 mm, hind femur width 1.45 mm, vertex
width 0.37 mm, eye width 0.64 mm, antenna length
7.15 mm, head length 4.25 mm, head index 1.95.
Differential diagnosis: As a species with
pale apical antennal segments and no antennal
segments with protruding tip at the inner margin 0.
rebrinaesq. nov. (Pulcherrima species group) is near
to 0. fritzpahli sp. nov. (Westwoodi species group,
however shares some characters with species of
the Pulcherrima group) and 0. pulciherrima sp.
nov. (Pulcherrima species group). It differs from
these species by fifth antennal segment, curved
backwards at the dorsal inner margin.
Distribution: Bodem.
Ophiotettix roesieri sp. nov. (Plate 107 figs 7-8,
plate 111 figs 6-7, plate 115 figs 6-7, plate
119 figs 6-7, plate 122 fig. 2)
Holotype 6 NCB-RMNH, INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Sigi Camp [3°33’S 139°02’E], 1500 m, 28.11.1939,
Neth. Ind. -American New Guinea Exped., leg. L. J.
Toxopeus.
Paratypes: 1$, 16 (1/18-2/18) NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Sigi Camp [3°33’S
139°02’E], 1500 m, 17.11.1939, Neth. Ind. -American
New Guinea Exped., leg. L. J. Toxopeus; 1$, 16 (3/18-
4/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Sigi
Camp [3°33’S 139°02’E], 1500 m, 19.11.1939, Neth.
Ind. -American New Guinea Exped., leg. L. J. Toxopeus,
deposited in BPBM (3/18) and ZFMK (4/18); 1$
568
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
(5/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Sigi
Camp [3°33’S 139°02’E], 1500 m, 22.11.1939, Neth.
Ind. -American New Guinea Exped., leg. L. J. Toxopeus,
deposited in BMNH (5/18); 2$ (6/18-7/18) NCB-
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Sigi Camp [3°33’S
139°02’E], 1500 m, 24.11.1939, Neth. Ind. -American
New Guinea Exped., leg. L. J. Toxopeus, deposited in
BMNH (6/18) [1$ antennae lost]; 1$ (8/18) NCB-
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Sigi Camp [3°33’S
139°02’E], 1500 m, 25.11.1939, Neth. Ind. -American
New Guinea Exped., leg. L. J. Toxopeus; 16' (9/18) NCB-
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Sigi Camp [3°33’S
139°02’E], 1500 m, 26.11.1939, Neth. Ind. -American
New Guinea Exped., leg. L. J. Toxopeus, deposited in
BPBM; 1$ (10/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Lower Mist Camp [3°30’S 139°05’E], 1600
m, 27.1.1939, Neth. Ind. -American New Guinea Exped.,
leg. L. J. Toxopeus; 3$, 1(6 (11/18-14/18) NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Lower Mist Camp [3°30’S
139°05’E], 1550 m, 31.1.1939, Neth. Ind. -American
New Guinea Exped., leg. L. J. Toxopeus, deposited in
ZFMK (12/18) [1(6 antennae lost]; 1$ (15/18) NCB-
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Lower Mist Camp
[3°30’S 139°05’E], 1550 m, I. -11.1939, Neth. Ind.-
American New Guinea Exped., leg. L. J. Toxopeus; 1$,
1(6 (16/18-17/18) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Lower Mist Camp [3°30’S 139°05’E], 1550
m, 2.11.1939, Neth. Ind. -American New Guinea Exped.,
leg. L. J. Toxopeus [1(6 antennae lost]; 1$ (18/18) ZSM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Jayawijaya-Prov., Wamena,
Pronggoli [4°10’S 139°20’E], 2100-2400 m, 17.-19.
IX.1991, leg. A. Riedel.
Additional material: 1(6 ZSM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Wamena, Pass-Valley [3°55’S 138°44’E],
1900 m, 15.-16.IX.1990, leg. A. Riedel.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The specific
epithet is the genitive case of the Latin second
declension (-us declension) noun derived fronn
the surnanne (Roeslerus, -i, nn.) The species is
dedicated to Stefan Rosier, fornner chairnnan of the
Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU) in Baden-
Wurttennberg.
Description: Together with 0. parvicollis sp.
nov. this is the snnallest Ophiotettix species, with
the shortest neck (head index <0.9). Apical and
subapical segnnents of the antennae are black,
other segnnents brownish. Third and fourth
antennal segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents 11+12
in
12+13 in
little bit lannellate and with
little bit protruding inner nnargins of fourth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip. Fourth antennal segnnent
widened
fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
, 11 in
towards the tip. Inner edge of the dorsal nnargin of
fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 11
directed backwards. Two apical
in
99
- 7
10 in
segnnents (segnnent 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together as long as third apical segnnent (segnnent
13 in
99
- 7
12 in
Three apical segnnents
(segnnents 13+14+15 in
Q
-- ?
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
Sixth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
narrower than third antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 13 in
99, 12 in
Lateral carinae of
the vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn dark.
Median carina of the vertex, in frontal view, as
high as lateral carinae. Pronotunn with yellow or
reddish stripes. Hind fennora and visible part of the
abdonnen partially yellow or reddish. Measurennents
holotype
pronotunn length 5.72 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 2.75 nnnn, pronotunn height 1.15 nnnn,
hind fennur length 6.11 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.20
nnnn, vertex width 0.33 nnnn, eye width 0.57 nnnn,
antenna length 6.37 nnnn, head length 3.65 nnnn,
head index 0.96. Measurennents paratypes 13
pronotunn length (13$); 6.75 - 7.80 nnnn, average
7.36 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width (13$); 3.25 - 3.50
nnnn, average 3.38 nnnn; pronotunn height (13$);
1.65 - 2.20 nnnn, average 1.95 nnnn; hind fennur
length (11$): 6.5 - 7.67 nnnn, average 7.0 nnnn; hind
fennur width (11$): 1.15 - 1.50 nnnn, average 1.35
nnnn; vertex width (13$); 0.33 - 0.39 nnnn, average
0.36 nnnn; eye width (13$); 0.55 - 0.64 nnnn,
average 0.60 nnnn; antenna length (9$): 5.85 - 7.15
nnnn, average 6.40 nnnn; head length (13$); 3.6 -
4.10 nnnn, average 3.96 nnnn; head index (13$);
1.15 - 1.45 nnnn, average 1.30 nnnn. Measurennents
paratypes 6(6: pronotunn length (6(6): 5.72 - 6.50
nnnn, average 6.15 nnnn; pronotunn lobe width
(6(6): 2.75 - 3.0 nnnn, average 2.86 nnnn; pronotunn
height (6(6): 1.15 - 1.90 nnnn, average 1.56 nnnn;
hind fennur length (4(6): 6.11 - 6.50 nnnn, average
6.27 nnnn; hind fennur width (4(6): 1.1 - 1.20 nnnn,
average 1.24 nnnn; vertex width (6(6): 0.33 - 0.39
nnnn, average 0.36 nnnn; eye width (6(6): 0.57 - 0.62
nnnn, average 0.59 nnnn; antenna length (4(6): 5.85
- 6.50 nnnn, average 6.18 nnnn; head length (6(6):
3.4 - 3.80 nnnn, average 3.67 nnnn; head index (6(6):
0.96 - 1.34 nnnn, average 1.23 nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: 0. roesleri sp. nov. is
one of the species with no pale coloured apical
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents
with lannellate inner nnargins and the upper edge
of fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip is straight
or curved backwards. Fourth antennal segnnent
fronn the tip is widened in the whole length towards
the tip. There are three other species with sinnilar
characters: 0. brevicollis sp. nov. (Brevicollis
species group), 0. stallei sp. nov. (Stallei species
group) and 0. subbrevicollis sp. nov. (Brevicollis
569
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
species group). All species are snnall. 0. roesleri
sp. nov. can be separated fronn other species by
snnallersize (pronotunn length nnale <6 nnnn (others
>6 nnnn) and fennale <8 nnnn (others >8 nnnn)) and
deep vertex.
Distribution: Mountains south of Mannberanno
River.
Ophiotettix rohwedderi sp. nov. (Plate 107 fig. 9,
plate 111 figs 8-9, plate 115 figs 8-9, plate
119 figs 8-9, plate 122 fig. 3)
Holotype 6' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Western
Highlands Prov.], Upper Jinnnni River, Tsenga [= Jinni
River, 5°23’S 144°27’E], 1200 m, 15.VII.1955, leg. J. L
Gressitt [antennae lost].
Pa retypes: 2$ (1/5-2/5) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[Western Highlands Prov.], Upper Jinnnni River, Tsenga [=
Jimi River, 5°23’S 144°27’E], 1200 m, 15.VII.1955,
leg. J. L Gressitt, deposited in NCB-RMNH (2/5); 1$,
IS (3/3, 4/5) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Western
Highlands Prov.], Baiyer River [5°32’S 144°09’E],
17.X.1958, leg. J. L. Gressit, deposited in BMNH (3/5)
and ZFMK (4/5) [$, 6' antennae lost]; 1$ (5/5) BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Western Highlands Prov.], Baiyer
River [5°32’S 144°09’E], 18.X.1958, leg. J. L Gressitt,
deposited in ZFMK.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The specific
epithet is the genitive case of the second (-us)
Latin declension derived fronn a Latinized surnanne
(Rohwedderus, -i, nn.). The species is dedicated to
Dirk Rohwedder, an entonnologist - coleopterologist
and hynnenopterist and very helpful colleague fronn
Zoological Research Museunn Alexander Koenig
(ZFMK) in Bonn.
Description: Antennal segnnents dark. Third to
sixth antennal segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents
10+11+12+13 in 9+10+11+12 in 33) little
bit lannellate with sonnewhat protruding inner
nnargins. Fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 12 in
99
- 7
11 in
widened towards
99
- 7
the tip. Inner edge of the dorsal nnargin of sixth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
9 in 33) runs backwards. Two apical segnnents
together
(segnnents 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
as long as third apical segnnent (segnnent 13 in
12 in
13+14+15 in
. Three apical segnnents (segnnents
12+13+14 in
together
longer than fourth segnnent fronn the tip (segnnents
12 in 99, 11 in
. Sixth antennal segnnent fronn
the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
narrower than
third antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13
in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex run
parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn brightened. Median
Carina of the vertex, in frontal view, deeper than
lateral carinae. Tip of the fastigiunn, in lateral view,
little bit protruded in front of the eyes. Pronotunn
with yellow stripes. Hind fennora and visible part
of the abdonnen partially yellow. Measurennents
holotype
pronotunn length 7.28 nnnn, pronotunn
lobe width 3.20 nnnn, pronotunn height 1.85 nnnn,
hind fennur length 7.15 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.50
nnnn, vertex width 0.33 nnnn, eye width 0.57 nnnn,
antenna length no nneasurennents, head length
4.20 nnnn, head index 1.57.
Measurennents pa retypes 4
pronotunn length
(4$): 8.06 - 9.10 nnnn, average 8.52 nnnn; pronotunn
lobe width (4$): 3.45 - 3.85 nnnn, average 3.61 nnnn;
pronotunn height (4$): 1.75 - 2.35 nnnn, average
2.03 nnnn; hind fennur length (4$): 7.02 - 8.19 nnnn,
average 7.74 nnnn; hind fennur width (4$): 1.6 - 1.75
nnnn, average 1.65 nnnn; vertex width (4$): 0.31 -
0.33 nnnn, average 0.32 nnnn; eye width (4$): 0.55
- 0.64 nnnn, average 0.61 nnnn; antenna length (3$):
6.63 - 7.93 nnnn, average 7.49 nnnn; head length
(4$): 4.3 - 5.0 nnnn, average 4.58 nnnn; head index
(4$): 1.68 - 1.76 nnnn, average 1.72 nnnn
Differential diagnosis: 0. rohwedderi sp. nov.
is one of the species with no pale coloured apical
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents
with lannellate inner nnargins and a fifth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip with protruded lateral edge
into spine or acute angle. The sixth antennal
segnnent fronn tip is not broadly lannellate. 0.
rohwedderi sp. nov. is near to 0. modesta stat. rev.,
0. imbiana sp. nov., 0. schapinae sp. nov. and 0.
tenuis sp. nov. (all species, including 0. rohwedderi
sp. nov. nnennbers of the Buergersi species group).
It differs fronn these species by the fourth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip nnorphology. This segnnent is
widened to the tip (not parallel or snnaller).
Distribution: Jinni and Baiyer River in Western
Highlands Province.
Ophiotettix sanguines sp. nov. (Plate 107 fig. 10,
plate 111 figs 10-11, plate 115 figs 10-11,
plate 119 figs 10-11, plate 122 fig. 5)
Holotype $ BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Waris,
S. of Hollandia [3°irS 140°53’E], 450 - 500 m, 16.-
23.VIII.1959, leg. T. C. Maa.
Paratypes: 2$ (1/4-2/4) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Waris, S. of Hollandia [3°11’S 140°53’E],
450- 500 nn, 16.-23.VIII.1959, leg. T. C. Maa, deposited
in ZFMK (1/4) and BMNH (2/4); ±3 (3/4) BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Waris, S. of Hollandia
[3°11’S 140°53’E], 450- 500 m, 1.-2.VIII.1959, leg. T.
C. Maa [antennae lost]; 1$ (4/4) BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Waris, S. of Hollandia [3° ll’S 140°53’E],
450- 500 nn, 24.-31.VIII. 1959, leg. T. C. Maa, deposited
in NCB-RMNH [antennae damaged].
570
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet is a
Latin first and second declension adjective in the
fenninine gender - ‘sanguineus, -a. -unn’, nneaning
‘bloody’, and referring to the reddish hind fennora
of the holotype.
Description: Antennal segnnents dark. Only the
very apical segnnent (segnnent 15 in $ $, 14 in (Jc?)
and nodes of the basal segnnents brownish. Fourth
to sixth antennal segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents
11+12+13 in $ 10+11+12 in 33) lamellate with
protruded inner margins of fourth and fifth antennal
segments from the tip (segments 11+12 in
10+11 in 33)- The dorsal 1/4 of fourth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 12 in $$, 11 in
parallel towards the tip. Dorsal margin of sixth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 10 in
99
- 7
9 in
with distinct edge. Two apical segments
(segments 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together
as long as third apical segment (segment 13 in
12 in
13+14+15 in
. Three apical segments (segment
12+13+14 in
together
longer than fourth segment from the tip (segment
12 in 99, 11 in
. Sixth antennal segment from
the tip (segment 10 in
9 in
broader than
third antennal segment from the tip (segment 13
in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex run
parallel. Tip of the fastigium brightened. Median
Carina of the vertex, in frontal view, deeper than
lateral carinae. Pronotum with broad yellow lateral
stripes. Hind femora reddish with dark knees.
Visible part of the abdomen partially yellow.
Measurements holotype pronotum length 9.10
mm, pronotum lobe width 3.80 mm, pronotum
height 2.25 mm, hind femur length 7.80 mm, hind
femur width 1.95 mm, vertex width 0.43 mm, eye
width 0.62 mm, antenna length 7.80 mm, head
length 4.65 mm, head index 1.48. Measurements
paratypes 4$: pronotum length (4$): 8.84 - 9.36
mm, average 9.10 mm; pronotum lobe width (4$):
3.75 - 3.85 mm, average 3.80 mm; pronotum
height (4$): 1.95 - 2.25 mm, average 2.16 mm;
hind femur length (3$): 7.8 - 8.71 mm, average
8.10 mm; hind femur width (3$): 1.7 - 1.95 mm,
average 1.80 mm; vertex width (4$): 0.37 - 0.43
mm, average 0.40 mm; eye width (4$): 0.63 -
0.72 mm, average 0.69 mm; antenna length (3$):
7.8 - 8.97 mm, average 8.41 mm; head length
(4$): 4.65 - 4.80 mm, average 4.71 mm; head
index (4$): 1.48 - 1.71 mm, average 1.59 mm.
Measurements paratype 6 (3/4): pronotum length
7.28 mm, pronotum lobe width 1.80 mm, pronotum
height 1.85 mm, hind femur length 6.50 mm, hind
femur width 1.55 mm, vertex width 0.43 mm, eye
width 0.66 mm, antenna length no measurements.
head length 4.10 mm, head index 1.5.
Differential diagnosis: Together with 0.
buergersi Bolivar, 1929 (both belong to the
Buergersi species group) this is the only species
with dark apical antennal segments where sixth
antennal segment from the tip (segment 10 in
99
- 7
9 in
is broadly lamellate and with a protruding
tip or edge at the inner margin. It can be separated
from 0. buergersi by sixth antennal segment from
the tip (segment 10 in o
9 in
which bears
a not protruding edge. The hind femora of 0.
sanguined sp. nov. are conspicuously reddish - we
did not find such feature in any other species.
Distribution: Waris, south of Jayapura.
Ophiotettix schapinae sp. nov. (Plate 107 fig. 11,
plate 111 figs 12-13, plate 115 figs 12-13,
plate 119 figs 12-13, plate 122 fig. 6)
Holotype $ BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
S[outh] Geelvink Bay, Nabire [3°23’S 135°28’E], 0-30
m, 2.-9.VII.1962, leg. J. L. Gressitt.
Paratypes: 2$, ±3 (1/3-3/3) BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, S[outh] Geelvink Bay, Nabire [3°23’S
135°28’E], 0-30 m, 2.-9.VII.1962, leg. J. L Gressitt,
deposited in MNSL (2/3) and ZFMK (3/3) [1$, ±3
antennae lost].
Derivatio nominis: Patronymic. The species is
named after Ivan Sapina, currently undergraduate
student at the Department of Biology (Faculty
of Science, University of Zagreb), who helped us
with cladistic analysis of Tetrigidae, and who is
learning about pygmies and how awesome they
are - for all the help and to encourage further
interest we are happy to dedicate one species to
him - ‘Sapina’s giraffehopper’. The specific epithet
is the genitive case of Ivan’s surname, Germanized
(making grapheme s into sch) and Latinized (being
Genitive case male gender noun of the first Latin
declension, usually used for female nouns) Ivan’s
surname. In Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, and
Montenegrin dialects and languages word sapina
is one augmentative of sapa, meaning a large paw.
Description: Antennal segments dark. Third to
sixth antennal segments from the tip (segment
10+11+12+13 in 9+10+11+12 in 33)
lamellate with little bit protruding inner margins
(third to fifth antennal segments from the tip). Inner
edge of the dorsal margin of sixth antennal segment
from the tip (segment 10 in
99
- 7
9 in
directed
backwards. Two apical segments (segment 14+15
in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together as long as third
apical segment (segment 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
Three apical segments (segment 13+14+15 in
99
- 7
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth
571
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
segnnentfronnthetip(segnnentl2 in PP, 11 in
- Honnoptera. The specific epithet is the genitive
Sixth antennal segnnentfronn the tip (segnnent 10 in case of the Latinized version of Jan’s surnanne -
9 in
as broad as third antennal segnnent ‘Stalleus, -i, nn.’
fronn the tip (segnnent 13 in
12 in
apical segnnents (segnnent 13+14+15 in
12+13+14 in
Three Description: Apical segnnents of the antennae
black, other segnnents brownish. Fourth and fifth
with distinct silver bristles, antennal segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents 11+12
Lateral carinae of the vertex run parallel. Tip of in
10+11 in
little bit lannellate, with
the fastigiunn dark. Median carina of the vertex, in only sonnewhat protruding inner nnargin of fourth
frontal view, as high as lateral carinae. Pronotunn antennal segnnent fronn the tip. Fourth antennal
with broad reddish lateral stripes. Flind fennora at segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
the dorsal part reddish (fennale) or whitish (nnale).
PP, 11 in
widened towards the tip. Inner edge of the
Visible part of the abdonnen dark. Measurennents dorsal nnargin of fifth antennal segnnentfronn the tip
distinct. Two apical
PP, 13+14 in
PP, 10 in
holotype pronotunn length 9.75 nnnn, pronotunn (segnnent 11 in
lobe width 3.60 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.30 nnnn, segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in
hind fennur length 8.84 nnnn, hind fennur width together longer than third apical segnnent (segnnent
1.80 nnnn, vertex width 0.41 nnnn, eye width 0.66 13 in
PP
- 7
12 in
nnnn, antenna length 8.58 nnnn, head length 4.90 (segnnents 13+14+15 in
Three apical segnnents
P, 12+13+14 in
nnnn, head index 1.68. Measurennents paratype
together longer than fourth segnnent fronn the tip
pronotunn length no nneasurennents, pronotunn lobe (segnnent 12 in
11 in
Inner edge of the
width 4.0 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.25 nnnn, hind dorsal nnargin of fifth and sixth antennal segnnents
fennur length 8.84 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.85 nnnn, fronn the tip (segnnent 10+11 in
9+10 in
vertex width 0.39 nnnn, eye width 0.74 nnnn, antenna directed backwards. Sixth antennal segnnent fronn
length nnnn, head length 4.90 nnnn, head index the tip (segnnent 10 in
9 in
broader than
1.44. Measurennents paratype 6 : pronotunn length third antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 13
8.19 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width 3.40 nnnn, pronotunn in P P, 12 in
Lateral carinae of the vertex run
height 1.80 nnnn, hind fennur length 7.28 nnnn, hind parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn dark. Median carina
fennur width 1.50 nnnn, vertex width 0.41 nnnn, eye of the vertex, in frontal view, little bit deeper than
width 0.62 nnnn, antenna length no nneasurennents, lateral carinae. Tip of the fastigiunn, in lateral view.
head length 4.55 nnnn, head index 1.55.
little bit protruding in front of the eyes. Pronotunn
Differential diagnosis: 0. schapinae sp. nov. with yellow stripes. Flind fennora and visible part
is one of the species without pale coloured apical of the abdonnen partially yellow. Measurennents
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents holotype 6: pronotunn length 6.50 nnnn, pronotunn
with lannellate inner nnargins and fifth antennal lobe width 3.30 nnnn, pronotunn height 1.75 nnnn,
segnnent fronn the tip with lateral edge protruded hind fennur length 6.37 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.40
into spine or acute angle. Sixth antennal segnnent nnnn, vertex width 0.29 nnnn, eye width 0.59 nnnn,
fronn tip is not broadly lannellate. 0. schapinae sp. antenna length 5.33 nnnn, head length 3.70 nnnn,
nov. is close to 0. modesta stat. rev., 0. imbiana head index 1.2.
sp. nov., 0. rohwedderi sp. nov. and 0. tenuis sp. Differential diagnosis: O.staiieisp. nov. is one
nov. (all nnennbers of the Buergersi species group, ofthe species without pale coloured apical antennal
only 0. buergers/ Bolfvar, 1929 not listed). It can be segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents with
distinguished fronn the listed species by the dark tip lannellate inner nnargins and the upper edge of fifth
of the fastigiunn.
Distribution: Nabire.
antennal segnnent fronn the tip straight or curved
backwards. Fourth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
is widened in the whole length towards the tip. It
Ophiotettix stallei sp. nov. (Plate 107 fig. 12, plate is the only species within the Stallei species group,
111 fig. 14, plate 115 fig. 14, plate 119 fig. 14, nnost sinnilar to Brevicollis species group. There
plate 122 fig. 7) are three other species with sinnilar characters:
Holotype 6', IRSNB: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe 0. brevicoiiis sp. nov., 0. roesieri sp. nov. and 0.
Prov.], Anguaia 1800 nn (St. 050) [= Anggaie?, 7°14’S subbrevicoiiis sp. nov. (Brevicollis species group).
146°24 E], 21.V.1988, leg. J. van Stalle. species are very snnall. 0. staiiei sp. nov. differs
fronn 0. brevicoiiis sp. nov. and 0. subbrevicoiiis sp.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The species is nov. by dark tip ofthe fastigiunn. Fronn 0. roes/er/sp.
panned in honour of its collector Jan van Stalle, a differs in sixth antennal segnnent fronn the tip
Belgian entonnologist, specialized in planthoppers which is widened, has recognizable edges and is
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
snnaller than third antennal segnnent fronn the tip.
Distribution: Anggaie (Kuper Range).
Ophiotettix storozhenkoi sp. nov. (Plate 107 figs
13-14, plate 111 figs 15-16, plate 115 figs 15-
16, plate 119 figs 15-16, plate 122 fig. 8, plate
124 figs 1-2)
Holotype 6' BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, sedge (large),
700-900 m, 3.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt.
Pa retypes: 4$, 26' (1/28-6/28) BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi,
700-900 m, 4.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt, deposited
in NME (1/28), ZFMK (2/28, 5/28) and NCB-RMNH
(3/28); 2$, Ic/ (7/28-9/28) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900
m, 5.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt [2(6 antennae lost]; 46
(10/28-13/28) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900 m,
6.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt, deposited in MNSL (10/28)
[16 antennae lost]; 2$, 16 (14/28-16/28) BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula],
Bomberi, 700-900 m, 7.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa,
deposited in NCB-RMNH (16/28), [1$ antennae lost]; 1
6(17/28) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop
[Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900 m, 7.VI.1959, leg.
J. L. Gressitt, deposited in ANSP; 16 (18/28) BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula],
Bomberi, 700-900 m, 9.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt,
deposited in BMNH; 1$ (19/28), INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900
m, 9.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa [antennae lost]; 1$ (20/28),
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula],
Bomberi, 700-900 m, 10.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa,
deposited in BMNH; 16 (21/28) ANSP: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, [Vogelkop], Fak Fak, [2°55’S 132°17’E]
[antennae lost]; 1$, 16 (22/28-23/28) BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop, Fak Fak, S. coast of
Bomberai [2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-700 m, 4.VI.1959,
leg. T. C. Maa [1 $ antennae lost]; 26, 1$ nymph (24/28-
26/28) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop,
Fak Fak, S. coast of Bomberai [2°55’S 132°17’E], 100-
700 m, 5.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa [l6 antennae lost]; 1$
(27/28) BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop,
Fak Fak, S. coast of Bomberai [2°55’S 132°17’E],
100-700 m, 8.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa [antennae lost];
1$ (28/28), NME: Fak-Fak peninsula, Fak-Fak, 12-13
km N, 2°50’06”S 132°18’22”E, 880-920 m, primeval
mossy mountain rainforest on limestone, 24.IX.2010,
leg. D. Telnov [antennae damaged].
Additional material: 16 nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi,
sedge (large), 700-900 m, 3.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt;
1$ nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop
[Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900 m, 4.VI.1959,
leg. J. L. Gressitt; 16 nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, sweeping,
700-900 m, 6.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; l6 nymph BPBM:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop [Onin Peninsula],
Bomberi, 700-900 m, 6.VI.1959, leg. J. L. Gressitt; 16
nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Vogelkop
[Onin Peninsula], Bomberi, 700-900 m, 7.VI.1959, leg.
T. C. Maa; 1$ nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Vogelkop, Fak Fak, S. coast of Bomberai [2°55’S
132°17’E], 100-700 m, 4.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa; 2$
nymphs, 16 nymph BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Vogelkop, Fak Fak, S. coast of Bomberai [2°55’S
132°17’E], 100-700 m, 5.VI.1959, leg. T. C. Maa.
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The species
is manned in honour of Russian entonnologist,
specialized in classification, distribution, and
ecology of Polyneoptera, who significantly
contributed to Tetrigidae studies of Asia, Wallacea,
and New Guinea - Sergey Yu. Storozhenko, our dear
colleague and also nnennber of SIGTET - Special
Interest Group Tetrigidae. The specific epithet is
the genitive case of Sergey’s Latinized surnanne
‘Storozhenkous, -i, nn’.
Description: Apical segnnents of the antennae
brownish, subapical segnnents of the antennae
black, other segnnents more brownish. Third to
fifth antennal segments from the tip (segments
11+12+13 in 22, 10+11+12 in
like a “cup”,
with a long tip at the inner margin. Two apical
segments (segments 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together shorterthan third apical segment (segment
13 in
99
- 7
12 in
Three apical segments
(segments 13+14+15 in
Q
-- ?
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth segment from the tip
(segment 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
Sixth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 10 in
, 9 in
narrower than third antennal segment from the tip
(segment 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae of
the vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigium dark.
Median carina of the vertex deeper than lateral
carinae of the vertex. Pronotum with yellow stripes.
Visible part of the abdomen predominantly black.
Hind femora dark. Measurements holotype
pronotum length 7.80 mm, pronotum lobe width
3.10 mm, pronotum height 1.70 mm, hind femur
length 7.93 mm, hind femur width 1.45 mm, vertex
width 0.43 mm, eye width 0.64 mm, antenna
length 7.54 mm, head length 4.75 mm, head index
1.59. Measurements paratypes 12
pronotum
length (122): 8.97 - 10.14 mm, average 9.64 mm;
pronotum lobe width (122): 3.6 -3.85 mm, average
3.73 mm; pronotum height (122): 1-65 - 2.15 mm,
average 1.92 mm; hind femur length (122): 8.06
- 9.23 mm, average 8.82 mm; hind femur width
(122): 1.6 - 1.80 mm, average 1.71 mm; vertex
width (122): 0.45 - 0.57 mm, average 0.49 mm;
eye width (122): 0.64-0.72 mm, average 0.67 mm;
antenna length (72): 7-8 - 10.01 mm, average 8.88
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
mm; head length (12$): 4.88 - 5.28 mm, average
5.11 mm; head index (12$): 1.57 - 1.82 mm,
average 1.68 mm. Measurements paratypes IS^':
pronotum length (12(J): 7.54 - 8.71 mm, average
8.05 mm; pronotum lobe width (IScJ): 3.05 - 3.45
mm, average 3.17 mm; pronotum height (13(5): 1.5
- 1.85 mm, average 1.67 mm; hind femur length
(13(5): 7.28 - 8.32 mm, average 7.83 mm; hind
femur width (13(5): 1.35 - 1.55 mm, average 1.48
mm; vertex width (13(5): 0.41 - 0.55 mm, average
0.48 mm; eye width (13(5): 0.59 - 0.68 mm, average
0.64 mm; antenna length (9(5): 7.54 - 9.23 mm,
average 8.42 mm; head length (13(5): 4.4 - 4.95
mm, average 4.66 mm; head index (13(5): 1.57 -
I. 74 mm, average 1.70 mm.
Differential diagnosis: 0. Storozhenko/ sp. nov.
is one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segments, subapical antennal segments
with lamellate inner margins and third antennal
segment from the tip with distinctly protruded long
tip at the inner margin. 0. storozhenkoi sp. nov.
is morphologically similar to 0. cygnicollis Walker,
1871, 0. amberiana sp. nov., 0. pushkari sp. nov.
(members of Cygnicollis species group, together
with 0. storozhenkoi sp. nov.) and 0. toxopei sp.
nov. (Toxopei species group). From aforementioned
species this is the only species with deep vertex.
Distribution: Fak Fak Mountains, Onin Peninsula
in the west part of the Bomberai Peninsula.
Ophiotettix subbrevicollis sp. nov. (Plate 107 figs
115-16, plate 111 figs 17-18, plate 115 figs
17-18, plate 119, figs 17-18, plate 122 fig. 9)
Holotype <5 AMS: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov.],
Melambi R., Lae, Mirilunga Village, 4500 ft, 29.XII.1956,
leg. J. H. Ardley.
Paratypes: $ (1/11) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[Morobe Prov.], Salawaket Range, Baindep, 1260 nn,
16.IX.1956, leg. E. J. Ford jr.; 2$ (2/11-3/11) BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov.], Salawaket Range,
Mosom, 750 m, 20.IX.1956, leg. E. J. Ford Jr.; 1$ (4/11)
BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov.], Salawaket
Range, Tuwep, 1350 nn, 8.IX.1956, leg. E. J. Ford Jr.; 1$
(5/11) BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov.],
Salawaket Range, Tuwep, 1350 nn, 9.IX.1956, leg. E.
J. Ford Jr.; 3$ (6/11-8/11) AMS: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[Morobe Prov.], Melambi R., Lae, Mirilunga Village, 4500
ft, 29.XII.1956, leg. J. H. Ardley; 1(5 (9/11) AMS: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov.], Melambi R., Lae, Mirilunga
Village, 4500 ft, 16.VI.1957, leg. J. H. Ardley [antennae
lost]; 1$, 1(5 (10/11-11/11) AMS: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[Madang Prov..], Finisterre Range, nr. Butemu [5°56’S
146°04’E], 4000 ft, 8.IX.1956, leg. R. Pullen.
Additional material: 1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
[Morobe Prov.], Huon Pen., Laleng, 23.IV.1963, leg. J.
Sedlacek [antennae lost]; 1$ nymph BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov.], Salawaket Range, Gewak
[6°26’S 146°53’E], 1530m, 7.IX.1956, leg. E. J. Ford Jr.
Derivatio nominis: The species name is
combination of three words - ‘sub’, ‘brevis’, and
‘coins’. ‘Sub’ is preposition with ablative case
meaning ‘under’, ‘brevis’ is third declension
adjective meaning ‘short’ and ‘collis’ is ablative
of neuter gender noun, meaning ‘neck’. Literal
translation of the binomen is ‘Snakehopper
(Giraffehopper) under the short necks’. The species
is, as it is already clear, named after its short neck.
Description: Apical and subapical segments of
the antennae black, other segments brownish.
Fourth and fifth antennal segments from the tip
(segments 11+12 in
10+11 in
little bit
lamellate, with only somewhat protruding inner
margins. Fourth antennal segment from the tip
widened towards the
(segment 12 in
, 11 in
tip. Inner edge of the dorsal margin of fifth and sixth
antennal segments from the tip (segments 10+11
in 22, 9+10 in (5(5) directed backwards. Two apical
segments (segment 14+15 in
22
- 7
13+14 in
together as long as third apical segment (segment
13 in 2
12 in
Three apical segments
. 12+13+14 in
(segment 13+14+15 in
together longer than fourth segment from the tip
(segment 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
Sixth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 10 in
9 in
as broad as third antennal segment from the
tip (segment 13 in
22
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae
of the vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigium
brightened. Median carina of the vertex, in frontal
view, somewhat deeper than lateral carinae of the
vertex. Pronotum with yellow stripes. Flind femora
and visible part of the abdomen partially yellow.
Measurements holotype
pronotum length 7.02
mm, pronotum lobe width 3.05 mm, pronotum
height 1.70 mm, hind femur length 6.89 mm, hind
femur width 1.45 mm, vertex width 0.37 mm, eye
width 0.61 mm, antenna length 6.63 mm, head
length 4.25 mm, head index 1.22. Measurements
paratypes 10$: pronotum length (10$): 7.8 - 9.36
mm, average 8.35 mm; pronotum lobe width
(10$): 3.4 - 3.85 mm, average 3.55 mm; pronotum
height (10$): 1.8 - 2.35 mm, average 2.12 mm;
hind femur length (8$): 7.65 - 8.45 mm, average
7.91 mm; hind femur width (8$): 1.55 - 1.70 mm,
average 1.62 mm; vertex width (10$): 0.39 - 0.49
mm, average 0.43 mm; eye width (10$): 0.59 -
0.64 mm, average 0.61 mm; antenna length (9$):
6.76 - 7.93 mm, average 7.28 mm; head length
(10$): 4.45 - 4.75 mm, average 4.63 mm; head
index (102): 1.48 - 1.67 mm, average 1.61 mm.
574
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
Measurennents paratypes ScJ: pronotunn length
(Sc?): 7.02 - 7.67 nnnn, average 7.28 nnnn; pronotunn
lobe width (Sc?): S.O - S.20 nnnn, average S.08 nnnn;
pronotunn height (Sc?): 1.7 -1.75 nnnn, average
l. 7S nnnn; hind fennur length (Sc?): 6.89 - 7.41 nnnn,
average 7.19 nnnn; hind fennur width (Sc?): 1.4 - 1.50
nnnn, average 1.45 nnnn; vertex width (Sc?): 0.S7 -
0.4S nnnn, average 0.S9 nnnn; eye width (Sc?): 0.57
- 0.61 nnnn, average 0.59 nnnn. Antenna length (1):
6.6S nnnn, average 6.6S nnnn; head length (Sc?):
4.15 - 4.40 nnnn, average 4.27 nnnn; head index
(Sc?): 1.22 - 1.55 nnnn, average 1.41 nnnn.
Differential diagnosis: O.subbrevicollis s[).noy.
is one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents
with lannellate inner nnargins and the upper edge of
fifth antennal segnnent fronn the tip being straight
or curved backwards. Fourth antennal segnnent
fronn the tip is widened in the whole length towards
the tip. There are three other species with sinnilar
characters: 0. brevicollis sp. nov., 0. roesleri sp. nov.
(Brevicollis species group) and 0. stallei sp. nov.
(Stallei species group, close to Brevicollis species
group). All species are very snnall. 0. subbrevicollis
sp. nov. can be distinguished fronn 0. roesleri sp.
nov. and 0. stallei sp. nov. by brightened tip of the
fastigiunn. Fronn 0. brevicollis sp. nov. it can easily
be separated by sixth antennal segnnent fronn the
tip which is widened and has recognizable edge.
Distribution: Finisterre and Saruwaked Range.
Ophiotettix telefominensis sp. nov. (Plate 107 fig.
17, plate 111 fig. 19, plate 115 fig. 19, plate
119 fig. 19, plate 122 Fig. 10)
Holotype c? BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Western
Prov.], Telefomin (Light Trap) [5°08’S 141°35’E], 1450
m, 4.-7.IX.1963, leg. R. Straatman.
Additional material: $ or c? nymph BPBM: PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, [Western Prov.], Telefomin [5°08’S
141°35’E], 1450 m, 7.VIII.1963, leg. R. Straatman
(BPBM).
Derivatio nonninis: Toponynnic. The species is
panned after its type locality. The specific epithet
is third Latin declension adjective in fenninine
gender derived fronn nanne of the type locality -
‘telefonninenis, -e’, nneaning ‘fronn Telefonnin’, but
can also be regarded as noun describing inhabitant
(Telefonninensis, -is, f.) - nneaning ‘Giraffehopper -
the Telefonninian’.
Description: One of the snnaller species. Apical
segnnents of the antennae black, other segnnents
brownish. No antennal segnnents with a clear tip
at the inner nnargin, but fourth and fifth antennal
segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents 11+12 in
12+13 in
little bit lannellate, with a distinct
nninute tip. Two apical segnnents (segnnent 14+15
in
99
- 7
13+14 in
together shorter than third
apical segnnent (segnnent 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
Three apical segnnents (segnnent 13+14+15 in
99
- 7
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in 11 in
Fourth antennal segnnent from the tip (segment 12
widened towards the tip. Sixth
in
11 in
antennal segment from the tip (segment 10 in
99
- 7
9 in
narrower than third antennal segment
from the tip (segment 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral
carinae of the vertex run divergent to the tip. Tip
of the fastigium dark. Median carina of the vertex,
in frontal view, somewhat deeper than lateral
carinae of the vertex. Tip of the fastigium, in lateral
view, significantly protruded in front of the eyes.
Pronotum without or with yellow stripes. Visible part
of the abdomen and hind femora partially yellow.
Measurements holotype
pronotum length 8.06
mm, pronotum lobe width 3.45 mm, pronotum
height 1.80 mm, hind femur length 7.15 mm, hind
femur width 1.65 mm, vertex width 0.33 mm, eye
width 0.62 mm, antenna length 7.15 mm, head
length 4.15 mm, head index 1.05.
Differential diagnosis: 0. telefominensis sp.
nov. could be regarded asa neotenicform, aspecies
with distinctly protruding fastigium (pygmy unicorn
giraffehopper). Little bit protruded fastigium in
front of the eyes (in lateral view) is found also in
0. westwoodi stat. rev. (Westwood i species group),
0. parvicollls sp. nov. (Brevicollis species group),
0. projecta sp. nov. (Limosina species group), 0.
rohwedderi sp. nov. (Buergersi species group),
0. stallei sp. nov. (Stallei species group) and 0.
subbrevicollis sp. nov. (Brevicollis species group).
Obviously, this produced vertex is a nymphal
characterand can be regarded as neotenic. Antennal
morphology of species with prolonged vertex is not
similar, nor head morphology and colouration. It
seems this developed separately in a lot of species
groups within Ophiotettix. 0. telefominensis sp.
nov. is the only species of Ophiotettix with divergent
lateral carinae of the vertex.
Distribution: Mount Telefomin.
Ophiotettix tenuis sp. nov. (Plate 108 figs 1-2,
plate 112 figs 1-2, plate 116 figs 1-2, plate
120 figs 1-2, plate 122 fig. 11)
Holotype (? NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139° ll’E], 800 m, 24.111.1939,
leg. L. J. Toxopeus.
Paratypes: 1$ (1/3) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
575
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GUINEA, Rattan Camp [3°30’S 139°09’E], 1000 m,
7.11.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus; 1$ (2/3) NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Rattan Camp [3°30’S
139°09’E], 1150 m, 13.11.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus,
deposited in BPBM [antennae lost]; IS (3/3) NCB-
RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Araucaria Camp
[3°30’S 139°11’E], 800 m, 24.111.1939, leg. L. J.
Toxopeus, deposited in ZFMK.
Derivatio nonninis: The specific epithet is third
declension Latin adjective ‘tenuis, -e’ nneaningthin,
fine, slinn, or slender. We picked this epithet due to
nnoderately widened antennal segnnents, which
are, within the Buergersi species group - slender
and thin.
Description: Apical segnnents of the antennae
black, other segnnents brownish. Third to fifth
antennal segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents
11+12+13 in
Q
-- ?
10+11+12 in
lannellate
with sonnewhat protruding inner nnargins. Two
apical segnnents (segnnents 14+15 in
99
- 7
13+14
in
together shorter than third apical segnnent
(segnnent 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
segnnents (segnnent 13+14+15 in
Three apical
12+13+14
Q
-- ?
in
together longer than fourth segnnent fronn
the tip (segnnent 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
Fourth
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 12 in
11 in
widened towards the tip. Sixth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip (segnnent 10 in
, 9 in
as broad as third antennal segnnent fronn the tip
(segnnent 13 in
99
- 7
12 in
Lateral carinae
of the vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigiunn
brightened. Median carina of the vertex, in frontal
view, as high as lateral carinae. Pronotunn with
yellow stripes. Visible part of the abdonnen and hind
fennora partially yellow. Measurennents holotype
pronotunn length 7.93 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width
3.45 nnnn, pronotunn height 1.85 nnnn, hind fennur
length 9.10 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.35 nnnn, vertex
width 0.43 nnnn, eye width 0.66 nnnn, antenna length
10.27 nnnn, head length 4.96 nnnn, head index
1.96. Measurennents paratype $$ (1/3+2/3):
pronotunn length 9.75+9.23 nnnn, pronotunn lobe
width 3.8+3.65 nnnn, pronotunn height 2.1+1.95
nnnn, hind fennur length - +9.49 nnnn, hind fennur
width - +1.55 nnnn, vertex width 0.51+0.49 nnnn, eye
width 0.68+0.70 nnnn, antenna length 10.92+ no
nneasurennent, head length 5.28+5.20 nnnn, head
index 2.0+1.96. Measurennents paratype 6 (3/3):
pronotunn length 9.36 nnnn, pronotunn lobe width
3.90 nnnn, pronotunn height 1.95 nnnn, hind fennur
length 9.75 nnnn, hind fennur width 1.50 nnnn, vertex
width 0.51 nnnn, eye width 0.70 nnnn, antenna length
10.14 nnnn, head length 5.44 nnnn, head index 2.0.
Differential diagnosis: 0. tenuis sp. nov. is
one of the species without pale coloured apical
antennal segnnents, subapical antennal segnnents
with lannellate inner nnargins and fifth antennal
segnnent fronn the tip with lateral edge protruded
into spine or acute angle. Sixth antennal segnnent
fronn tip is not broadly lannellate. 0. tenuis sp. nov.
is sinnilar in nnorphology to 0. modesta stat. rev.,
0. imbiana sp. nov., 0. rohwedderi sp. nov. and 0.
schapinae sp. nov. (all nnennbers of the Buergersi
species group, only 0. buergersi Bolivar, 1929 here
not listed). It differs fronn 0. rohwedderi sp. nov.
and 0. schapinae sp. nov. in two apical antennal
segnnents which are together shorter than third
antennal segnnent fronn the tip (not as long as). It
can be separated fronn 0. modesta stat. rev. and 0.
imbiana sp. nov. by the flat, not deep vertex.
Distribution: Upper Mannberanno River basin.
Ophiotettix toxopei sp. nov. (Plate 108 figs 3-4,
plate 112 figs 3-4, plate 116 figs 3-4, plate
120 figs 3-4, plate 122 fig. 12)
Holotype 6' NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA,
Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139°11’E], 800m, 8.III.1939,
leg. L. J. Toxopeus
Paratypes: 1$, IS (1/11-2/11) NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Rattan Camp [3°30’S
139°09’E], 1000 m, 7.11.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus,
deposited in BPBM (1/11), [antennae lost]; 1$ (3/11)
NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Rattan Camp
[3°30’S 139°09’E], 1100 m, 2.III.1939, leg. L J.
Toxopeus; IS (4/11) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW
GUINEA, Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139°11’E], 800
m, 14.111.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus, deposited in ZFMK
[antennae lost]; 1$, 16' (5/11-6/11) NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Araucaria Camp [3°30’S
139°11’E], 800 m, 18.111.1939, leg. L J. Toxopeus [1$,
IS antennae lost]; 1$ (7/11) NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN
NEW GUINEA, Araucaria Camp [3°30’S 139°irE],
800 m, 22.111.1939, leg. L. J. Toxopeus, deposited in
BMNH [antennae lost]; 4$ (8/11-11/11) NCB-RMNH:
INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Araucaria Camp [3°30’S
139°11’E], 800 m, 2.IV.1939, leg. L J. Toxopeus,
deposited in ZFMK (11/11), [8/11-10/11 antennae
lost].
Derivatio nonninis: Patronynnic. The species
is panned after its collector and Dutch India (Java
born) entonnologist, prinnarily lepidopterist and
zoology professor (University of Batavia), Lannbertus
Johannes Toxopeus (1894-1951). He took part
in the 1938-1939 Richard Archbold expedition in
New Guinea, where he collected vast amount of,
among others - Ophiotettix specimens. We are glad
to dedicate this species to him. The specific epithet
in Genitive case of Lamertus’ surname (second,
-us Latin declension) - Toxopei. Haec species est
576
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Opb/otett/x Walker, 1871 ...
(Plates 104-124)
Lannberti Joahannis Toxopei.
Description: Apical segnnents of the antennae
black, other segnnents brownish. Third and fourth
antennal segnnents fronn the tip (segnnents 11+12
broadly lannellate with a
in
10+11 in
short tip at the inner margin (this is characteristic
only for this species - alone in the Toxopei species
group). Two apical segments (segments 14+15
together shorter than third
in
99
- 7
13+14 in
apical segment (segment 13 in
o
- h ?
12 in
Three apical segments (segments 13+14+15 in
99
- 7
12+13+14 in
together longer than fourth
segment from the tip (segment 12 in
Q
-- ?
11 in
. The dorsal 1/4 of fourth antennal segment
from the tip (segment 12 in
11 in
convergent towards the tip. Inner dorsal margin of
fifth antennal segment from the tip (segment 11 in
99
- 7
10 in
curved backwards. Sixth antennal
segment from the tip (segment 10 in
, 9 in
narrower than third antennal segment from the tip
(segment 13 i n 9 9 , 12 i n
. Lateral carinae of the
vertex run parallel. Tip of the fastigium brightened.
Median carina of the vertex deeper than lateral
carinae. Pronotum with yellow stripes. Visible part
of the abdomen and hind femora partially yellow.
Measurements holotype
pronotum length 7.67
mm, pronotum lobe width 3.35 mm, pronotum
height 1.65 mm, hind femur length 9.10 mm, hind
femur width 1.50 mm, vertex width 0.43 mm, eye
width 0.70 mm, antenna length 10.66 mm, head
length 4.72 mm, head index 1.71. Measurements
paratypes 89: pronotum length (89): 9.36 - 11.05
mm, average 9.95 mm; pronotum lobe width
(8$): 3.7 - 4.25 mm, average 3.91 mm; pronotum
height (8$): 2.05 - 2.30 mm, average 2.21 mm;
hind femur length (7$): 9.75 - 10.66 mm, average
10.03 mm; hind femur width (7$): 1.55 - 1.65 mm,
average 1.59 mm; vertex width (8$): 0.49 - 0.55
mm, average 0.53 mm; eye width (8$): 0.62 - 0.74
mm, average 0.69 mm; antenna length (2$): 10.4
- 10.66 mm, average 10.53 mm; head length (8$):
5.2 - 5.76 mm, average 5.39 mm; head index (8$):
1.52 - 1.96 mm, average 1.83 mm. Measurements
paratypes 46': pronotum length (4(6): 6.63 - 7.93
mm, average 7.44 mm; pronotum lobe width (4(6):
3.15 - 3.50 mm, average 3.34 mm; pronotum
height (4(6): 1.65 - 1.80 mm, average 1.71 mm;
hind femur length (4(6): 8.97 - 9.49 mm, average
9.23 mm; hind femur width (4(6): 1.4 - 1.50 mm,
average 1.43 mm; vertex width (4(6): 0.43 - 0.51
mm, average 0.48 mm; eye width (4(6): 0.64 - 0.70
mm, average 0.68 mm; antenna length (1(6): 10.66
mm, average 10.66 mm; head length (4(6): 4.72 -
5.10 mm, average 4.89 mm; head index (4(6): 1.71
- 1.78 mm, average 1.74 mm.
Differential diagnosis: 0. toxopei sp. nov. is
unique in having widened third antennal segment
from the tip (segment 13 in $$, 12 in (6(6) that is
as broad as the widened fourth segment from the
tip (segment 12 in $$, 11 in (6(6).
Distribution: Upper Mamberamo River basin.
Annotated list of unidentifiable material
19 BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, S[outh] Geelvink
Bay, Nabire [3°23’S 135°28’E], 0-30 m, 2.-9.VII.1962,
leg. J. L. Gressitt [antennae lost].
Only known species from this region is 0. schapinae.
This specimen cannot be assigned to this species,
or to any of the species distributed nearby, namely
0. luce, 0. bomberaiensis, 0. scolopax, 0. fill forma.
More specimens and especially specimens with
antennae are essential for understanding the
identity of this specimen.
29 BPBM: PAPUANEWGUINEA,[MorobeProv.],Muming
[= Mumeng, 6°59’S 146°35’E], 600 m, 9.-10.III.1962,
leg. J. Sedlacek [antennae lost].
0. brevicollis is the only species known in this
region according to the examined collection. These
females are not conspecific with this species or with
other species nearest to this place (0. parvicollis, 0.
stallei, 0. kaitani). More specimens, with preserved
antennae are needed to identify these specimens
accurately.
1(6 BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [Morobe Prov.],
Warn [6°59’S 146°35’E], 180 m, 5.VII.1963, leg. R.
Straatman [antennae lost].
Specimen seems to be conspecific with 0.
westwoodi, despite of 0. modesta being distributed
in this area, as well - but final confirmation is not
possible because the antennae are lost.
1(6 NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Star Range,
tussen Sibil en Ariemkop [= Arimkop, 4°46’S 140°38’E],
1240 m, 25.V.1959 [antennae lost].
Not conspecific with 0. quateorum and may be a
new species.
19 NCB-RMNH: INDONESIAN NEWGUINEA, Egemendora
[Paniai Regency], midden X.1939, Nieuw Guinea Exp.
K.NAG., leg. Eyma [antennae lost].
Close to 0. roesleri, however bigger and different
in colouration. In frontal view above the clypeal
triangle there are reddish triangles on its left and
right sides.
577
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
TELNOV: Doberai Peninsula, Ayannaru vill., 2,5-
2,1 knn NW, forest along Frannu creek, 1°15’30”S
132°11’13”E, -310-265 nn, prinnary lowland rainforest
on linnestone, 3.IX.2015, leg. D. Telnov [antennae lost];
1$ TELNOV: Doberai Peninsula, Ayannaru vill., -23 knn
SE, Aqafu spings, 1°23’15”S 132°22’04”E, -330-340
m, prinnary lowland rainforest on linnestone, near the
spring, 4.IX.2015, leg. D. Telnov [antennae lost].
Not assignable to the known species fronn Doberai
Peninsula (0. limosina, 0. pushkari, 0. cygnicollis).
It seenns to be closely related to 0. bomberaiensis,
but is visibly bigger than the species fronn the
Bonnberai Peninsula. Likely new species.
2$, 1(5' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East SepikProv.],
Angoram [4°3’S 144°4’E], 20-30 m, 14.-16.VI 1 1.1969,
leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt [all antennae lost].
1$,1(5' BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [East SepikProv.],
Amok [3°35’S 142°57’E], 165 m, 6.1.1960, leg. T. C.
Maa [antennae lost or damaged].
1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, East Sepik Prov.,
Dreikikir [3°35’S 142°46’E], Palms, 350 m, 24.VI.1961,
leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt [antennae lost]. 1$ nymph BPBM:
PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Sepik Distr., Dreikikir, 350 m,
25.VI.1961, leg. J. L. & M. Gressitt.
1(5' BPBM: INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.,
Mt. Lawson [7°44’S 146°37’E], 50-200 m, on Trema
orientalis, 16.111.1974, leg. Gressitt & Reni.
1$ BPBM: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Kuper
Range, 25 km SE Salamaua [7°15’S 146°57’E], 25.-
26.1.1969, leg. J. Sedlacek.
The specinnen is close in nnorphology to 0. kaitani
but is found significantly outside the distribution
area. More specinnens fronn Kuper Range are
needed to assign identity of this population.
One species that is not described because of lack
of physical specinnens was photographed by a
few authors in Muller Range (Papua New Guinea)
- annong thenn Piotr Naskrecki (Plate 104 fig. 5,
plate 123 figs 2 & 5) and David Rentz. There are
no specinnens collected in Muller Range and after
studying the photos it is obviously a new species.
Acknowledgements
Our special thanks go to the following
institutions for graciously lending us specinnens
fronn their collections and the patience they have
shown with the research: Australian Museunn
Sydney, Australian National Insect Collection
Canberra, Acadenny of Natural Sciences
Philadelphia, Natural History Museunn London,
Bernice P. Bishop Museunn Honolulu, Institut
Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique
Bruxelles, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
Madrid, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giaconno
Doria” Genova, Museunn fur Naturkunde Berlin,
Nederlands Centrunn voor Biodiversiteit Leiden,
Naturhistorisca Riksnnuseet Stockhoinn, University
Museunn of Natural History Oxford, Queensland
Museunn South Brisbane, Staatliches Museunn fur
Tierkunde Dresden, Zoologische Staatssannnniung
Munich, and Dnnitry Telnov (The Entonnological
Society of Latvia, Riga). I (Josef Tunnbrinck) thank
especially the Zoologische Forschungsnnuseunn
Alexander Koenig in Bonn and their staff for their
support and assistance: nny trustee Dr. Ralph
Peters and his colleague Dirk Rohwedder. I ann
very grateful to nny wife Katharine, for the support
and patience she has shown over the years of nny
research. I (Josip Skejo) thank Dannjan Franjevic
for supporting and discussing nny work, Ivan Sapina
(both - University of Zagreb, Croatia) for help in
finding optinnal way to present certain infornnation
to readers. I ann very grateful to nny sister Katarina
(a hairdresser fronn Sibenik, Meterize, Croatia) for
looking at photographs of Cphiotettigini, fornner
Cleostratini, and Clinophaestini - and providing nne
with interesting ideas.
This paper is part of Josef Tunnbrinck’s PhD
thesis, and its parts are part of Josip Skejo’s
Master thesis. Research is funded by 2016
Crthoptera species file grant to Josip Skejo & Josef
Tunnbrinck and 2017 Crthoptera species file grant
to Josip Skejo. Last, but certainly not the least - we
are thankful to photographers, enthusiasts, and
our colleagues, nannely Piotr Naskrecki (Museunn
of Connparative Zoology, Harvard University,
Cannbridge, U.S.A.), David Price (Areata, California,
U.S.A.), David Rentz (School of Marine & Tropical
Biology, Jannes Cook University, Douglas, Australia),
Marek Stefunko (Bratislava, Slovakia), and Dnnitry
Telnov for sending us photos of living Ophiotettix
specinnens fronn the field. Those photos fronn social
nnedia contributed to popularity of those pygnny
giraffehoppers.
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580
ViTALi, R: Taxonomic notes on Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841) and Acalolepta vastator (Newman, 1847) ...
(plate 125)
Taxonomic notes on Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841)
and Acalolepta vastator (Newman, 1847)
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Francesco Vitali
Nationainnusee fir Naturgeschicht, rue Munster 25, L-2160, Luxennbourg, Luxennbourg; e-nnail: fvitali®
mnhn.lu
Abstract: Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841) is considered as a senior synonym of Dihammus bispinosus Breuning,
1935 syn. nov., Acalolepta bispinosipennis Breuning, 1969 syn. nov., Acalolepta sumbawana Breuning, 1969
syn. nov. and Acalolepta savoensis Breuning, 1979 syn. nov. Acalolepta vastator (Newman, 1847) bona species
is removed from synonymy with A. mixta (Hope, 1841). The distribution of both species is updated and discussed.
Keywords: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini, Aca/o/epta, taxonomy.
Introduction
The enornnous species richness of Australasian
Lanniini, nnoreover dispersed on a huge surface
and fragnnented on different islands, has caused
the description of nnany taxa, whose affinities
were often underestinnated. Stephan von Breuning
(1894-1983) had the undeniable nnerit of providing
the first worldwide keys to all species of Lanniinae;
nevertheless, they were nearly exclusively based
on the collection preserved in the Paris Museunn.
Moreover, the choise to use problennatic characters
(i.e. rapports cheeks/eye lobes and between
antennonneres) and the rigidity of the schennas often
led him to describe the same species more times,
sometimes even in different genera. This situation
markedly worsened already in the 1960’s: the
species were described summarily and compared
with unrelated congeners, making impossible their
identification without examining the types.
The photographs kindly provided by several
colleagues through the Forum of the web-site
www.cerambycoidea.com, including those of types
preserved in different museums have allowed
detecting many taxonomic mistakes.
In this paper, some taxa closely related to
the Australian Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841)
are examined, keeping the revision of this genus
already treated in previous papers (Vitali 2016;
2017).
Abbreviations used in the text:
CFV - Collection Francesco Vitali, Luxembourg,
Luxembourg;
MNHNP - National Museum of Natural History, Paris,
France;
MNHNL - National Museum of Natural History,
Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
OUMNH - Oxford University Museum of Natural History,
United Kingdom.
Taxonomic part
Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841) (Plate 125 figs 1-7)
Monohammus mixtus Hope, 1841: 48 (Australia,
Northern Territory: Port Essington); Hope 1842:
428; Gahan 1893: 190.
Monohammus fistulator (Germar): Aulmann 1912:
20-21, fig. 15; 1913: 21-22, fig. 17 misidentification.
Monochamus mixtus (Hope): Aurivillius 1921: 98.
Dihammus bispinosus Breuning, 1935: 59 syn.
nov. (Vietnam: Quang-Tri); 1944: 495.
Dihammus mixtus (Hope): Breuning 1944: 494-
495; MacKeown 1947: 122; Duffy 1963: 164;
Danilevsky & Korn pa ntsev 1979: 230; Hawkeswood
1990: 100; Moulds & Bannink 2012: Tab. 1.
Acalolepta bispinosipennis Breuning, 1969: 664
syn. nov. (Indonesia: Sulawesi)
Acalolepta sumbawana Breuning, 1969: 664 syn.
nov. (Indonesia, Lesser Sunda: Sumbawa)
Acalolepta savoensis Breuning, 1979: 100 syn.
nov. (Indonesia, Lesser Sunda: Savu)
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Acalolepta mixta (Hope): Vitali & Casadio 2007:
21, 23, Fig. 14; Goussey 2007: 641; Slipinski &
Escalona 2013: 39, 81-82.
Acalolepta mixtus (Hope): Chin et al. 2010: 10-11;
Chin & Brown 2015: 1-2, figs 1-4 nnisspelling.
Exannined nnaterial: Monochammus mixtus OUMNH:
Syntype 6', mixta / Hope N. A. (handwritten on a white
label), TYPE (underlined) / Hope/ Ann. Nat. / Hist. 1842
/ P. 428/ Coll. Hope Oxon. (handwritten on a white label
with red borders), TYPE COL 1823 1/3/ Monoha nnnn us
/ mixtus Hope / HOPE DEP: OXFORD (Plate 125 fig. 1).
1$ MNHNL: [Australia], Queensland, acquisition 1925.
1$ CFV: Solomon Is., Bellona, 7-III-1998, on a dry tree in
day-time, C. A. Casadio Igt. (Plate 125 fig. 7).
Examined material: DIhammus bispinosus MNHNP:
Holotype 6', Quang-Tri / Annam (handwritten by Pic
in a yellowish label), DIhammus bispinosus mihi Typ.
det Breuning (handwritten by Breuning and printed
on a white label), type (handwritten on a yellow label).
Museum Paris / Coll. M. Pic (printed on a white label),
HOLOTYPE (printed on a red label) (Plate 125 fig. 3).
Examined material: Acalolepta bispinosipennis
MNHNP: Holotype Celebes M. (printed on a whitish
label), Acalolepta bispinosipennis mihi Typ. Breuning
det. (handwritten by Breuning and printed on a white
label), TYPE (printed on a red label) (Plate 125 fig. 4).
Examined material: Aca/o/eptasumbawana MNHNP:
Holotype Sumbawa / Collfs (printed on a whitish
label), Acalolepta sumbawana mihi Typ. Breuning det.
(handwritten by Breuning and printed on a white label),
TYPE (printed on a red label) (Plate 125 fig. 5).
Examined material: Acalolepta savoensis MNHNP:
Holotype 6', Savu, I./ Vlll-[18]96/ [A.] Everett (printed
on a whitish label), Acalolepta savoensis mihi Typ.
Breuning det. (handwritten by Breuning and printed on
a white label), TYPE (printed on a red label) (Plate 125
fig. 6).
Rennarks: According to Wheeler (1911), the
description of Monohammus mixtus appeared
split in two nunnbers of the Proceedings of the
Entonnological Society of London: on 5^^ July (II)
and on 1®^ Novennber (III) 1841. The Proceedings
fronn 1840 to 1846 were printed in ten sheets
of 16 pages, which were distributed gratis to
mennbers and sold to the public. Their nunnbers
were very scarce and the Society did not possess a
single copy in 1911. Sonne museunns bound thenn;
however, they were reprinted in 1864 respecting
the original state. According to Wheeler, the actual
date “for all purpose of priority” for this description
is 1®^ Decennber 1841. Hope’s description stated:
“Caenosus, colore nigrescenti marmoratus;
thorace spinoso punctls sparsim notatls; elytrls
bispinosis concolorlbus; corpora Infra grisescenti,
tarsis supra, et Infra auricomatls. Long. Iln. 11
[~23 mm], lat. lin. 3V2 [-7.5 mm]” The type(s)
canne fronn Port Essington, a 19^^ century’s British
settlennent sited on the Cobourg Peninsula and
still abandoned in 1849. It is located in Northern
Territory, not in Queensland as Breuning (1944)
clainned. The species is well characterised since
the apex of each elytron is armed with two spines
{“elytrls bispinosis”). Moreover, the scape is
peculiarly covered with sparse recumbent white
setae. Breuning (1944) established an erroneous
synonymy between M. mixtus anb M. vastator, which
all British and Australian entomologists overlooked.
Afterwards, he described other species showing
analogue characters (Breuning 1969; 1979). The
examination of the types of DIhammus bispinosus,
Acalolepta bispinosipennis, A. sumbawana and
A. savoensis (Plate 125 figs 3-6) have allowed
verifying that these species perfectly correspond to
A. mixta. The claimed differences in proportion of
cheeks, punctation and apical spines are relative
characters within the variability of the species,
whereas the more or less pubescent aspect of the
elytral punctures is a banal consequence of the
age of the specimen. Breuning (1979) described
A. savoensis as coming from “Savo” (Solomon Is.).
Actually, the locality label refers “Savu” (Lesser
Sunda Islands, Indonesia), correspondingly to the
explorations made by Alfred Everett in the Sunda
Islands (Boulenger 1897).
Distribution: A. mixta is a species with a marked
tendency to disperse. Already Gahan (1893)
noticed that the species, widespread in Northern
Australia and adjacent islands, was also present
in the British Museum with specimens coming
from Hong Kong and Java. Another specimen has
been recently collected in Singapore as well (Loong
Fah Igt., image available on www.cerambycoidea.
com), strengthening Gahan’s record. DIhammus
bispinosus was described from Quang-Tri (Vietnam),
a locality which Breuning (1944) presumed to
be wrong, adding “Australia” as possible native
country. On the contrary, a passive anthropogenic
introduction was possible, considering the
dispersion capability of this species and the fact
that Quang-Tri is a coastal region. The main reason
of this tendency is that the larvae bore several
cultivated plants, including Theobroma cacao L.
(Aulmann 1912; Breuning 1944) and Mangifera
Indica L. (Chin et al. 2010; Chin & Brown 2015),
which probably act as vectors of anthropogenic
introduction. Moreover, the species is also related
to Ficus spp. and Excoecarla agallocha L. (Duffy
1963; Hawkeswood 1990; Chin & Brown, 2015),
plants widely distributed from India to Australia that
ViTALi, R: Taxonomic notes on Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841) and Acalolepta vastator (Newman, 1847) ...
(plate 125)
are heavily protected by a nnilky latex under the bark.
Probably, this latex contains the necessary nutrients
for the development of larvae (Hawkeswood, 1990)
but it might also reduce the competition among the
consumers, favouring species able to exploit it (L.F
Cheong in litt).
Accordingto the verified data, A. mixta is widespread
in northern and eastern Australia, where it is native,
and the Solomon Islands (Bellona). The present-
day occurrence in other regions (Hong Kong,
Vietnam, Singapore, Java, Sulawesi, Savu and
Sumbawa) must be verified. The presence on Lord
Howe I. (Breuning 1944; Vitali & Casadio 2007)
derives from Olliff (1889) and must be referred to
A. vastator.
Acalolepta vastator (Newman, 1847) bona
species (Fig. 1)
Monohammus vastator Newman, 1847: 1677
(North-eastern Australia); Matthews 1997: 14.
Monohammus rusticator (Fabricius): Aulmann
1912: 19-20, fig. 14; 1913: 20-21, fig. 16 partim?
Monohammus fistulator (Germar): Olliff 1889: 79,
97-98; Froggatt 1919: 37, 39; French 1919: 117-
119, figs 1-4; Froggatt 1923: 142, figs 1-4; Froggatt
1930: 6 misidentification?
Haplohammus vastator (Newman): Aurivillius 1917:
27.
Monochamus vastator (Newman): Aurivillius 1921:
99.
Dihammus mixtus (Hope) Breuning 1944: 494
misidentification.
Dihammus vastator (Newman): MacKeown 1947:
122; Duffy 1963: 161-163; Hawkeswood 1990:
101; IHS 2000: 11.
Acalolepta vastator (Newman): Goodwin et al.
1994; Goodwin & Pettit 1994; Hadlington &
Johnston 1998: 53; Pelaez Rivera et al. 2004: 40;
Goodwin 2005: 170-173; Jourdan 2006 : 228 ; Di
Mani et al. 2014: 82; Dunn & Zurbo 2014: 7, fig.
16; Mazaheri et al. 2015: 262.
Examined material: None.
Remarks: Newman (1847) introduced
Monohammus vastator with the following
description: “Entirely dark brown, approaching to
black, the dorsal surface of the prothorax and elytra
being clothed with a short gray pubescence: this
pubescence has a mottled appearance, occasioned
by the presence of glabrous spots or patches, but as
it appears the pubescence is very easily abraded,
I cannot venture to decide whether the glabrous
markings are natural or caused by causalities. The
antennae are very long in the male, exceeding by
one-half the length of the body; the protibiae have
a very distinct tooth near the extremity. A number
of specimens were taken, some of them very fine,
and the males appear to be much larger than the
females. Length of the body 1.2 inches [~3 cm],
breadth .4 inch [~1 cm]; expansion of the antennae
5V2 inches [~14 cm].” The types “were brought
over from Australia by Lieutenant M.R. Ince, late of
H.M.S. Fly”. In all likelihood, H.M.S Fly is thel8-gun
sloop of the Royal Navy that explored much of the
Australian North-eastern coast and neighbouring
islands and gave the name to the Fly River of Papua
New Guinea (Wikipedia). Thus, the typical locality of
M. vastator must be referred to the North-eastern
regions of Australia. The original description
contains a mistake since antennae cannot
contemporaneously exceed “by one-half the length
of the body” and be 14 cm long, if the body is only 3
cm long. However, A. vastator shows protibial teeth
typical of Acalolepta rusticatrix (Fabricius, 1801), a
character that led several authors (Aulmann 1912;
1913; Olliff 1889; French 1919; Froggatt 1919;
1923; 1930) to indentify it with this species or
with its synonym Lamia fistulator Germar, 1824.
Breuning (1944) synonymised A. vastator with A.
mixta without checking the types, both preserved
in Great Britain and inaccessible to him. Actually,
the original descriptions did not suggest this
synonymy either since they mention two peculiar
characters (the bispinose elytral apices of A. mixta
and the protibial teeth of A. vastator) that make
the species unmistakable. Accordingly, British
and Australian authors overlooked this synonymy
and kept using both names. For a long time, the
Passion Vine Longicorn or Fig Longicorn A. vastator
has been considered a pest of many plants (Duffy
1963; Hawkeswood 1990), especially grapevines
(French 1919; Froggatt 1919; Goodwin etal. 1994;
Goodwin & Pettit 1994; Pelaez Rivera et al. 2004;
Goodwin 2005; Di Mani et al. 2014; Dunn & Zurbo
2014; Mazaheri et al. 2015), figs (Froggatt 1923;
1930; Hadlington & Johnston 1998) and papayas
(IHS 2000). The literature mentioning “A. vastator”
is so prevalent that the formal revalidation of the
species is even pleonastic; nonetheless, some
recent books (e.g. Slipihski & Escalona 2013) still
consider A. vastator as a synonym of A. mixta.
Unfortunately, the typical series seems to be lost:
the specimens ranged under A. mixta do not include
labels saying “vastator” or anything in Newman’s
handwriting. Accordingto Maxwell V.L. Barclay (The
Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom),
Newman’s collection was dispersed and only a
part of it ended up in the British Museum, mostly
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
via the “Entonnological Club” and various private
collectors (M. Geiser in litt.). Specinnens referable
to this species are not present in the Oxford
Museunn of Natural History either (A.D. Spooner in
litt). However, the habitus of A. vastator is clearly
different fronn that of A. mixta, as drawings of past
authors prove (Aulnnann 1912; 1913: French 1919;
Froggatt 1923; 1930). Since the type got lost, I
designate as the lectotype the specinnen figured by
French (1919: fig. 4) according to the ICZN, 1999,
Art 74.4 (designation by nneans of an illustration
or description). This designation does not solve
the problenn of the true identity of this species: the
nnisidentification with other Australian congeners is
still very probable. Some of them - A. aureofusca
(Aurivillius, 1917), A. aureosericea (Breuning,
1936) and A. tenuis (Breuning, 1938) - are possibly
synonyms of A. vastator, as well as A. rusticatrix,
whose exact distribution remains to be defined.
Distribution: Due to past misidentifications, the
distribution of this species is difficultly traceable.
Possibly, it is at least widespread in eastern
Australia, Kangaroo Island (Froggatt 1923) and
Lord Howe Island (Olliff 1889).
Figure 1. Acalolepta vastator (Newman, 1847), icono-
type $, habitus, dorsal view (scale bar indicates the
body length of depicted specimen and corresponds to
1.2 inches or ~3 cm).
Acknowledgements
This note could not have been published without
the kind collaboration of some colleagues. I am
grateful to Gerard Chemin (Champigny-sur-Marne,
France) for the photographs of the types preserved
in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris
(France), Amoret D. Spooner (Oxford University
Museum of Natural History, United Kingdom) for
the permission to publish the photographs of a
syntype of Monohammus mixtus Hope, 1841, to
Michael Geiser (Natural History Museum, London,
United Kingdom) for the information concerning the
type of Monohammus vastator Newman, 1847, to
Loong Fah Cheong (Singapore) for the observations
concerning the biology of Acaioiepta mixta and to
Dr. Dmitry Telnov (The Entomological Society of
Latvia, Riga) for the helpful improvements to the
text, especially for having noticed the incongruence
concerning the typical locality of A. savoensis.
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586
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea,
with description of a new subgenus, eight new species
and one new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae:
Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Rob de Vos
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Entomology, Darwinweg 2, NL-2333 CR, Leiden, The
Netherlands; e-mail: rob.devos@naturalis.nl
Abstract: A review is given of the Cyana Walker, 1854 species occurring in New Guinea and adjacent islands. Three
subgenera are recognized in the region of which one new to science: Subgenus Cyana Walker, 1854, Clerckia Aurivil-
lius, 1882 and Cryptanaema subg. nov. A total of 23 species are found in New Guinea and nearby islands of which
8 new species were discovered and are described here. Subgenus Cyana is represented in New Guinea by 2 species
of which binigrofasciata sp. nov. is new to science. Taxon Clerckia is retained fronn synonynny and considered to be
of subgenus status and is represented in New Guinea by 8 species of which 3 are new to science: posthyalina sp.
nov., dentimarginata sp. nov. and simonthomasi sp. nov. On the other hand two genera are synonynnized: Exotrocha
Meyrick, 1886 syn. nov. (type species liboria Stoll, 1782) and Sphragidium Butler, 1887 syn. nov. (type species miles
Butler, 1887) and are considered to be Junior synonynn of Clerckia. The new subgenus Cryptanaema subg. nov. is
ainnost exclusively occurring in New Guinea (one species occurs in Queensland, Australia) with 13 species of which
4 are new to science: albimarginalis sp. nov., molbakon sp. nov., zwieri sp. nov. and gracilis sp. nov. One new sub¬
species is described: Cyana (Cryptanaema) melanoplagia extrema ssp. nov. 10 taxa are synonynnized and one is a
rejected senior synonynn: Chionaema tricolor dampierensis Rothschild, 1916 syn. nov., Chionaema tricoloris Strand,
1922 syn. nov. and Chionaema acutipennella Rober, 1925 syn. nov. are junior synonyms of Chionaema postdivisa
Rothschild, 1913 (= Cyana (Clerckia) tegyra postdivisa). Chionaema dinava (sic) vulcanica Rothschild, 1916 syn.
nov. is a Junior synonym of Dyphlaebia tricolora Butler, 1877 (= Cyana (Clerckia) tricolora); Chionaema dinawa
Bethune-Baker, 1904 syn. nov. is a Junior synonym of Clerckia fulvia trigona Rothschild, 1903 (= Cyana (Clerckia)
trigona); Chionaema bicolor Rothschild, 1913 syn. nov. and Chionaema croceizona Hampson, 1914 syn. nov. are
Junior synonyms of Clerckia thoracica Rothschild, Jordan, 1901 (= Cyana (Clerckia) thoracica); Chionaema nigro-
marginata Rothschild, 1936 syn. nov. from New Britain is a Junior synonym of Chionaema flavicaput Gaede, 1925 (=
Cyana (Clerckia) flavicaput flavicaput); Scaptesyle aroa Bethune-Baker, 1904 homonym nov. is a homonym of Chi¬
onaema area Bethune-Baker, 1904 in the subgenus Cryptanaema, and is a rejected senior synonym of Chionaema
nigroplagata Bethune-Baker, 1910 (= Cyana (Cryptanaema) nigroplagata); Chionaema nigrescens Rothschild, 1913
syn. nov. is a Junior synonym of Chionaema charybdis Bethune-Baker, 1904 (= Cyana (Cryptanaema) charybdis) and
finally Chionaema melanochlorus Rothschild, 1916 syn. nov. is a Junior synonym of Chionaema fumea Hampson,
1900 (= Cyana (Cryptanaema) fumea). All species are reviewed and redescribed and the adults and genitalia are
depicted.
Keywords: Review, Cyana, Clerckia, Cryptonaema, New Guinea.
Introduction
The genus Cyana Walker, 1854 comprises
about 200 recognized species of which the major¬
ity is distributed in the Indo-Australian region and a
smaller part in tropical Africa.
It is a genus which has been subject to confu¬
sion, splitting and lumping for a long time by many
authors. At the moment no less than 10 synonyms
are known for the genus Cyana.
The frequently used synonymic name Chionae¬
ma was often wrongly referred to Herrich-Schaffer,
1850 where in fact it should be 1855. This caused
many times shifts in presumed validity and syn¬
onymy of respectively Cyana (1854) and Chionae¬
ma (1850/1855). However, Roepke (1946) and
Roesler & Kuppers (1976) showed that Chionaema
is in fact published by Herrich-Schaffer in 1855 and
587
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
thus a junior synonynn of Cyana Walker, 1854.
Most species in Africa and Southeast Asia
have a white appearance with orange-red and black
transverse lines in all kinds of variations and conn-
binations, often together with one or sonne more or
less distinct discal spots. Some species have more
complicated and colourful pattern like in The Philip¬
pines and near the Himalayas. More eastward from
the Moluccas to the Solomon Island species have a
more cryptic pattern or are dominantly orange-red
with black rims. The diversity in pattern resulted in
the past in grouping the species in separate gen¬
era, by some lumped or split again in one or more
genera. Even after study of the genitalia the con¬
fusion remains. When focusing on genitalia struc¬
tures alone the genus would fall apart in numerous
pieces while we don’t really understand what kind
of process is behind this variation.
Among others Roepke (1946), Roesler & Kup-
pers (1976) and Holloway (2001) give a clear view
of the variable and complex genus which, accord¬
ing to them, can at the most be divided in species
groups. Karisch (2013) splits in his comprehen¬
sive revision of the African species the genus in
many subgenera, mostly retaining already exist¬
ing synonyms, but by doing this only adding to the
confusion and using all kind of (plesiomorphic or
apomorphic) variations and structures possible to
confirm this. Holloway (2001), following Nielsen et
al. (1996), states that the many different structures
found in genitalia and wing pattern should be con¬
sidered to be secondary sexual features within the
range of variation of the genus Cyana. And indeed,
having studied all known species from New Guinea,
the variation in wing pattern and genitalia struc¬
tures are quite variable, sometimes not matching
with the logical grouping of the species after exter¬
nal characters.
For the moment it seems wise not to split the
genus Cyana in other genera without understand¬
ing what kind of grouping is Justified. Therefore
more study material is necessary.
Variation or not, there are some characters
that hold the genus in general together. The most
distinct feature is the androconial pouch Just be¬
hind the costa or on the costal rim of the forewing
of the males which in most cases disforms the cos¬
tal rim to a knot or pocket. The male genitalia form
perhaps the less reliable features to hold the genus
together, although the cornuti on the vesica of the
aedeagus may indicate species groups or subgen¬
era within the genus as do some structures of the
valvae, but the female genitalia on the other hand
show more uniform characters, having a large ap¬
pendix bursa in all species, in some species even
larger than the bursa copulatrix itself. The size and
shape of the cervix bursae and the number and po¬
sition of the signa on the bursa copulatrix may be
strong distinguishing characters again for species
groups.
Following Holloway (2001) applying, “seek to
identify distinct groupings within the complex as a
first step to elucidating relationships”, an attempt
is made in this review to group apparently allied
species from New Guinea into subgenera. In this
review the number of subgenera is limited to three
and in the almost endemic new subgenus from New
Guinea still some species groups are recognized. It
is premature to understand the status of these spe¬
cies groups (i.e. being (sub)genera or not), more re¬
search with more material and modern techniques
is necessary.
Finding new species apparently is inevitable
when studying insects from such a still poorly ex¬
plored area as New Guinea, not only in collected
material from remote areas that are just recently
accessible but also in old collections, having been
overlooked for many decades. In this review no less
than 8 new species of Cyana are described out of
totally 23 known species from New Guinea until
now, and probably more will follow in the near fu¬
ture.
Materials and methods
The studied material is stored in the collec¬
tions of The Natural History Museum in London
(United Kingdom), Naturalis Biodiversity Center in
Leiden (The Netherlands) and Koleksi Serangga
Papua in Waena (Papua, Indonesia). Of all studied
species the genitalia were dissected, preparated
and depicted when available.
The dissected genitalia are put in cold KOH 10
% for one night. After washing and cleaning from
fat, scales and dirt in 30% alcohol the genitalia
where stained in a solution of chlorazol-black in
30% alcohol and affixed in 95% alcohol. Then the
genitalia were prepared for preservation in Euparal
Essence (to prevent air bubbles) and after a few
minutes put on a glass slide in a few drops of Eu¬
paral medium on the standard as used in the Nat¬
ural History Museum in London: abdomen on left
side, genital armature top right, aedeagus bottom
right. To prevent the smaller parts, like aedeagus,
from floating the Euparal drops were left to dry at
least 24 hours without glass cover in a closed petri-
dish (to protect against dust). The next day a proper
588
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
sized glass cover was put on the preparate in the
sticky Euparal with addition of a few fresh drops
of Euparal. This connplete preparate is left to dry
for weeks to nnonths in the petri-dish. Proper slide
labels are added after connpletely drying, so there¬
fore it is necessary to write preparate nunnber and
details on the petri-dish cover and to scratch the
nunnber on the glass slide to avoid nnixing up with
other drying slides.
Slides were studied with a WILD M3 binocu¬
lar nnicroscope with nnagnifications 60-400x. Digi¬
tal photographs were nnade with a nnotorized Zeiss
V20 binocular nnicroscope and a digital Axio MRc5
cannera controlled by Axionnanager M2 software.
Forewing lengths were nneasured with a digital
caliper fronn forewing base to apex, nunnbers were
rounded to 0.5 nnillinneters. The taxa are as far as
possible listed systennatically or in geographical or¬
der fronn west to east.
Abbreviations used in the text:
mm - millimeters;
BM - initial for “British Museum”, Natural History Mu¬
seum, London, United Kingdom;
RV - initial for “Rob de Vos”, preparator of genital slides;
BMNH - Natural History Museum (former British Muse¬
um for Natural History), London, United Kingdom;
KSP - Koleksi Serangga Papua (former collection of Br.
Henk van Mastrigt), Waena, Papua, Indonesia;
RMNH - Naturalis Biodiversity Center (former Rijks-
museum voor Natuurlijke Historie and Nationaal
Natuurhistorisch Museum), Leiden, The Nether¬
lands;
UNCEN - Universitas Cenderawasih, Waena, Papua, In¬
donesia;
ZMA - Naturalis Biodiversity Center (former Zoologisch
Museum van Amsterdam), Leiden, The Nether¬
lands.
Taxonomic part
Cyana Walker, 1854
Type species: Cyana detrita Walker, 1854
Subgenus Cyana Walker, 1854
= Bizone Walker, 1854
Type species: perornata Walker, 1854
= Doliche Walker, 1854
Type species: ge//c/a Walker, 1854
= Isine Walker, 1854
Type species: trigutta Walker, 1854
= Chionaema Herrich-Schaffer, 1855
Type species: puella Drury, 1773
= Macronola Kirby, 1892 (unnecessary re-
placennent nanne for Cyana Walker, 1854)
The nonninotypical subgenus is by external
characters distinguished by nnainly white species
with reddish or yellow transverse lines, sonnetinnes
bordered black, and with one, two or three discal
spots or none at all. Species with broader trans¬
verse bands or with nnore coloration are present in
this group. In fact there is a wide variation in geni¬
talia structures but the basic construction is that
of typical Lithosiini, elongated with a long extended
sacculus with a sharp curved thorn, sonnetinnes the
valves being divided into two equal halves. The ve¬
sica of the aedeagus in most cases has numerous
needle shaped cornuti in one bunch distally. Fe¬
males with a sclerotized cervix bursae and a large
globular bursa copulatrix with usually two signa, ac¬
companied by an almost equal sized appendix bur¬
sae, with only slightly or no additional sclerotization
of the bursa surface other than the signa.
Subgenus Cyana comprises the majority of the
species in the genus and is widely distributed in
Africa, Southeast Asia to The Philippines, Sulawesi
and with only two species in the Moluccas: Cyana
(Cyana) pura (Van Eecke, 1926) (Buru) and Cyana
(Cyana) impunctata (C. Felder, 1861) (Ambon), and
two species which are probably the easternmost
representatives of the typical subgenus: Cyana
(Cyana) transfasciata (Rothschild, 1912) and Cya¬
na (Cyana) binigrofasciata sp. nov., both from New
Guinea. It is out of the scope of this review to men¬
tion all other numerous species of this subgenus
from western regions. African species are treated
by Karisch (2013), Oriental species are partly treat¬
ed by Roepke (1946), Roesler & Kuppers (1976),
Cerny (1993), Holloway (2001) and in numerous
smaller publications by many authors.
Some authors also treat the Australian Neo-
brocha Meyrick, 1886 and African Lexis Wallen-
gren, 1863 to be included in the list of synonyms
but these are here considered valid genera. Both
are in wing shape as well as in genitalia structures
clearly different from Cyana.
Checklist of Cyana [Cyana) from the Moluccas
and New Guinea eastwards
pura (Van Eecke, 1926) [Buru]
impunctata (C. Felder, 1861) [Ambon]
transfasciata (Rothschild, 1912) [Papua]
binigrofasciata sp. nov. [Papua]
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Descriptions of the New Guinea species
Cyana (Cyana) transfasciata (Rothschiid, 1912)
(Plate 126 figs 1-2, plate 133 figs 1-2, plate
139 figs 3-5)
Lectotype 6' BMNH [designated herefronn syntype se¬
ries]: nr. Oetakwa R., Snow Mts., Dutch N.G., up to 3500
ft., x.xii.l910 (Meek).
Paralectotypes 16' & 1$ BMNH: nr. Oetakwa R.,
Snow Mts., Dutch N.G., up to 3500 ft., viii.1910 (Meek).
References: llema transfasciata Rothschild,
1912. Novitates zoologicae 19 (2): 222; Draudt
(1914: 208), as Lithosia transfasciata; Strand
(1922: 586), as Eiiema transfasciata; Strand
(1922: 898), as Chionaema transfasciata.
Diagnosis: Forewing length 13-14 mm. Head,
thorax and abdomen sand-yellow, with the middle
section of the abdomen dorsally bone-white. Fore¬
wing in male with an elongated costal pouch run¬
ning from base to two-third of the wing, where the
costal rim is bent in a blunt angle. Wings of female
normal shaped. Forewings bone-white, but with the
wingbase and marginal field sand-yellow, in males
also the costal rim sand-yellow. Males with four
black transverse lines, broader than the five trans¬
verse lines in the female. The similarity with the
typical patterned Cyana species from the Malesian
region with black transverse lines is therefore ob¬
vious. Hindwings pale yellow. At the underside the
pattern is obscure.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. BM-RV1528]: Uncus
finger-shaped, near apex slightly curved. Tegumen
broad, only slightly sclerotized. Saccus with a shal¬
low ridge with a blunt angled rim at the inside of
the vinculum bottom. Juxta well developed, “V”-
shaped. Valvae rather narrow. Cucullus with distal
part membranous and covered with setae. Clasper
forming a narrow oval folded pocket, ending in a
sharp thorn. Sacculus with a long and narrow ex¬
tension with a small blunt finger-shaped apex. Ae-
deagus short, vesica with two lobes, distally with a
group of numerous short needle-shaped cornuti, all
pointing in one direction.
Female genitalia [gen. prep. BM-RV1529]: Os¬
tium wide, rim without strong sclerotization. An¬
trum not sclerotized. Cervix bursae wide but rather
simple, with sclerotized wrinkles, attached to it is
a small globular appendix bursae. Bursa copulatrix
narrow and long with in the caudal part one small
irregular shaped signum, consisting of a few thorns
and spines.
Distribution: Only found in Papua, Indonesia, in
Nomnagihe (near Nabire) and in the Snow Moun¬
tains at the Utakwa and Setekwa River.
Cyana (Cyana) binigrofasciata sp. nov. (Plate 126
figs 3-4, plate 133 figs 3-4)
Holotype S KSP: [INDONESIA], Irian Jaya, Sarmi, Mam-
beramo Tengah, Marina Valen, Gn. Acaua, 540 m, 17-
20.VII.2004, H.J.M. van Mastrigt.
Pa raty pe 1(6 RMNH: same as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: The name binigrofasciata re¬
fers to the only two black transverse bands on the
forewing in the male.
Diagnosis: Forewings 11 mm. Head, thorax and
abdomen as in the previous species. Groundcolour
of forewings bone-white, very similar and obviously
closely allied to Cyana transfasciata but smaller
and in the male with only two black transverse lines
and one small curved basal band which does not
reach the dorsum. The sand-yellow margin does
not reach the distal black transverse lines. Hind¬
wing sand-yellow. Female unknown.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. KSP24241]: Uncus
more slender and longer than in the previous spe¬
cies, finger-shaped and slightly bent. Tegumen broad
and slightly sclerotized. Saccus not developed, vin¬
culum bottom solid with a shallow ridge. Juxta “V”-
shaped, stronger developed than in transfasciata.
Valvae broader than in transfasciata, broadening
towards apex. Cucullus with membranous distal
part, covered with setae. Clasper forming a folded
pocket, broader than in transfasciata, with a broad
thorn. Sacculus broad, distally tapering and with a
small sharp finger-shaped apex. Aedeagus broad
and short, vesica with two lobes. Distally a group of
numerous needle-shaped cornuti all pointing in the
same direction, longer than in transfasciata.
Distribution: This species is until now only known
from Marina Valen, in the Mamberamo River area
between the Van Rees Mountains and the Foja
Mountains.
Subgenus Clerckia Aurivillius, 1882 stat. nov.
Type species: Phaiaena fuivia Linnaeus, 1758
= Exotrocha Meyrick, 1886 syn. nov.
Type species: iiboria Stoll, 1782
= Sphragidium Butler, 1887 syn. nov.
Type species: miies Butler, 1887
= Gnophrioides Heylaerts, 1891
Type species: fiavipiaga Heylaerts, 1891
= Leptothrix Heylaerts, 1892
Type species: tettigonioides Heylaerts, 1892 pre¬
occupied
Cierckia Aurivillius, 1882, with type species fuivia
Linnaeus, 1758, may be model to the group of
590
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
donninantly orange-red coloured species fronn New
Guinea. The type species has its distribution in the
Moluccas, two species, flaviplaga (Heylaerts, 1891)
and tettigoni aides (Heylaerts, 1892) live nnuch
more westwards in the Sunda Region, all other 15
species occur more eastwards in New Guinea, Aus¬
tralia or the Solomon Islands. All species are me¬
dium sized to large Lithosiini with quite long and
narrow forewings, especially in the males where the
androconial pouch is rather short and positioned
on the costa at two-third from wingbase. Exotrocha
Meyrick, 1886 and Sphragidium Butler, 1887 are
herewith considered to be synonyms of Clerckia Au-
rivillius, 1882.
Males and females of all Clerckia species have
black bipectinate antennae with scarce, short and
thin cilia. Abdomen in all species black with blue
shimmering scales, in males usually with a grey
anal tuft.
Male genitalia of Clerckia species very similar to
the nominotypical subgenus but with the aedeagus
vesica more complex, with usually three or more
lobes with fields of scobination and short needle-
or teeth-shaped cornuti.
Checklist of Cyana (Clerckia)
flaviplaga (Heylaerts, 1891) [Java, Bali]
tettigonioides (Heylaerts, 1892) [Sunda Region]
= haemacta (Snellen, 1896)
fulvia (Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. fulvia (Linnaeus, 1758) [Ambon, Seram]
= liboria (Stoll, 1782)
= laticincta (Walker, 1856)
ssp. laudans (Hulstaert, 1923) [Kai Islands]
metamelas (Hampson, 1914) [Papua]
posthyalina sp. nov. [Batanta Island]
dentimarginata sp. nov. [Papua]
tegyra (Druce, 1899)
ssp. tegyra (Druce, 1899) [East New Guinea,
D’Entrecasteaux Islands]
ssp. postdivisa (Rothschild, 1913) [New Guinea]
comb. nov.
= tricolor (Druce 1899) [homonym, nec sensu
Swinhoe, 1892]
= dampierensis (Rothschild, 1916) syn. nov.
= tricoloris Strand (1922: 899) syn. nov.
= acutipennella (Rober, 1925) syn. nov.
ssp. retracta (Draudt, 1914) [New Britain]
tricolora (Butler, 1877) [Aru Islands, New Guinea]
= tricolor (sic) sensu (Swinhoe, 1892 nec Druce,
1899)
= vulcanica (Rothschild, 1916) syn. nov.
trigona (Rothschild, 1903) [New Guinea]
= dinawa (Bethune-Baker, 1904) syn. nov.
simonthomasi sn- nov. [Papua]
thoracica (Rothschild, Jordan, 1901) [New Guinea]
= bicolor (Rothschild, 1913) syn. nov.
= croceizona (Hampson, 1914) syn. nov.
meyricki Rothschild, Jordan, 1901 [Queensland]
flavicaput (Gaede, 1925)
ssp. flavicaput (Gaede, 1925) [New Britain]
= nigromarginata (Rothschild, 1936) syn. nov.
ssp. basiflava (Rothschild, 1936) stat. nov. [New
Ireland]
scintillans (Rothschild, 1936) [New Ireland]
miles (Butler, 1887) [Solomon Islands]
= cybdela Rothschild, 1905 [Bougainville]
gu/zon/s Jordan, 1904 [Solomon Islands]
omissa Rothschild, Jordan, 1901 [Solomon Islands]
securizonis (Butler, 1889) [Shortland Islands]
= securinervis (Kirby, 1892)
Descriptions of the New Guinea species
Cyana (Clerckia) metamelas (Hampson, 1914)
(Plate 126 figs 5-6, plate 133 figs 5-6)
Holotype 6' BMNH: [Dutch] New Guinea., Mimika
R., vii.1910, A.F.R. Wollaston., 1911-229, Chionaema
metamelas, type 6'. Hmpsn.
References: Chicnaema metamelas Hampson,
1914. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae.
Supplement, volume 1. Catalogue of the Amatidae
and Arctiadae (Nollnae and LIthoslanae) In the
collection of the British Museum. London, British
Museum: 625; Strand (1922: 685), as Chionaema
metamelas.
Diagnosis: Forewings male 15.5 mm. Head black
with blue shimmering scales. Patagia and tegulae
red. Prothorax and mesothorax dorsally red, meta¬
thorax black. Male with rather narrow forewing,
costa at two-third with an elongated pouch which
slightly retracts the costa. Forewings red with black
costa, a broad black terminal margin, at dorsum in
the tornus gradually decreasing in broadness to¬
wards base, at one-third from base only with a nar¬
row black dorsal line. Hindwings triangular shaped,
black. At the underside the red pattern on forewing
more extended.
Wings of presumed female normal shaped. Fore¬
wing orange-red, towards base more orange co¬
loured. Costa with rather broad black rim, contin¬
ued along termen and in tornal area much broader,
gradually narrowing till one-third towards base
where the black rim ends. Hindwing yellow with a
broad black terminal margin which at vein CuAl
has a blunt angle.
It is presumed that this female belongs to metame¬
las because the external features more or less
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
match with those from the male. It does not fit in
any other known species but unfortunately it is not
sure.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. NHMUK010313308]:
Uncus rather short, finger shaped with a blunt apex
and in the middle slightly constricted. Tegumen nar¬
row. Valvae with a broad cucullus with broad apex
rounded, at two-third somewhat constricted. Clasp-
er on cucullus narrow triangular with a blunt apex,
pressed against the cucullus surface. Sacculus nar¬
row, extended and gradually curved upwards, apex
sharp. Saccus without process. Aedeagus broad
and short, vesica with at least four distinct lobes.
At the base of the vesica a cornutus shaped as a
rotary saw with numerous smaller teeth. A trunk¬
shaped ventral lobe without significant cornuti or
sclerotization. A globular ventral lobe with a field of
arrow-shaped cornuti and furthermore scobinated.
The large central lobe ventrally with a band of small
teeth, distally scobinated with tiny spikes. The dor¬
sal lobes slightly scobinated but without distinct
cornuti.
Female genitalia: Not studied because it is not
sure yet that the presumed female really belongs to
this species. Further research is necessary to iden¬
tify the female of this species with certainty.
Distribution: So far only found in Papua, Indo¬
nesia: the male near Mimika River, the presumed
female in Wangaar (near Nabire).
Cyana (Clerckia) posthyalina sp. nov. (Plate 126
fig. 7, plate 133 figs 7-8)
Holotype 6' RMNH: Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Batanta Is¬
land, south coast, 0°55’S - 130°40’E, 6-7.ii.l996, at
light, ZMA-exp., 1996.
Derivatio nominis: The name posthya//na refers
to the hyaline centre of the hindwings of the spe¬
cies.
Diagnosis: Forewings 14.5 mm. Flead, (meso-and
meta)thorax and abdomen black with a steel blue
shimmer but with prothorax and base of patagia
red. Anal tuft of abdomen red with a black central
band. Legs black with steel blue scales. Forewing
narrow and long, costa with a distinct pouch at two-
third of wing length which slightly retracts the costa
at this position. Forewings black with steel blue and
purple shimmer. Flindwing hyaline in the centre, ex¬
cept for the black veins, and with a broad black dor¬
sum and hind margin. Apex with purple shimmer.
Underside identical to upperside. Female unknown.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1544]: Uncus
rather short (in fig. 63 pressed down on the left
side), finger shaped with a blunt apex. Tegumen
narrow. Valvae with a broad cucullus with broad
apex rounded. Clasper on cucullus finger-shaped,
pressed against the cucullus surface. Sacculus
narrow, extended and gradually curved upwards,
apex sharp and hooked. Saccus broad and shallow.
Aedeagus broad and short, vesica with at least four
distinct lobes, the ventral lobe being the largest,
like a long tapering nightcap, which carries a broad
scobinated band, ending in an impressive cornu¬
tus with five large teeth ventrally. Another cornutus
situated at the base of the vesica, of about equal
size of the previous described cornutus, shaped as
a rotary saw with numerous smaller teeth and ac¬
companied by a field of small teeth. Furthermore a
dorsal and a lateral scobinated field, with tiny cone-
shaped thorns.
Distribution: Until now only known from Batanta
Island in the Raja Ampat Archipelago.
Cyana (Clerckia) dentimarginata sp. nov. (Plate
126 fig. 8, plate 134 figs 1-2)
Holotype 6' RMNH: [Dutch New Guinea], Andai, [1870],
[C.B.H. von] Rosenb[erg]., Museunn Leiden, C. fulvia L.,
Det :, Cat.No. 6.
Derivatio nominis: The name dentimarginata
refers to the dentation on the inside of the black
margin of the hindwing.
Diagnosis: Forewings 14.5 mm. Head black,
frons with slightly red near base of antennae. Pata¬
gia and tegulae red. Meso- and metathorax and ab¬
domen black, anal tuft dark grey. Legs dark brown
with at the outerside pale blue scales. Forewing
narrow and long, costa with a distinct pouch at two-
third of wing length. Forewings red with black costa
distally gradually broadening and continuing into a
broad black hind margin which continues along dis¬
tal half of dorsum where it is gradually narrowing
and ends. The black colour with a bluish shimmer,
especially at the pouch and fringes. Hindwing yel¬
low with a broad black hind margin which is broader
at the apex and at the dorsal half is dentated on the
veins. Underside with the red coloration of upper-
side yellow, the black pattern somewhat extended
and mixed with brown. Female unknown.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1549]: Uncus short
and finger shaped with a blunt apex, broadly based.
Tegumen gradually broadening towards uncus. Val¬
vae with a broad cucullus which gradually tappers
distally. Apex of cucullus rounded. Clasper on cucul¬
lus triangular with a finger-shaped extension and
pressed against the sacculus. Sacculus narrow, ex¬
tended and gradually curved upwards, apex sharp.
Saccus flat, without process. Aedeagus broad and
592
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
short, vesica with at least four distinct lobes, the
ventral lobe being the largest which carries a broad
scobinated band, distally with a large stretched
triangular cornutus with nunnerous large teeth. A
second cornutus situated at the base of the vesi¬
ca, of about equal size of the previous described
cornutus, shaped as a rotary saw with nunnerous
snnaller teeth and dorsally acconnpanied by a field
of nunnerous teeth. Furthernnore a distal and a lat¬
eral field with tiny cone-shaped thorns, the ones in
the distal field being larger than those in the lateral
field.
Distribution: Until now only known fronn Andai
in the eastern Birdshead Peninsula near the Arfak
Mountains.
Cyana (Clerckia) tegyra (Druce, 1899)
ssp. tegyra (Druce, 1899) (Plate 127 figs 1-2, plate
134 figs 3-4)
Holotype tegyra S BMNH: Fergusson Island, x.1894,
leg. A.S. Meek, Exotrocha tegyra S, Type Druce.
References: Exotrocha tegyra Druce, 1899. An¬
nals and Magazine of Natural Flistory (7) 3: 235;
Flannpson (1900: 316), in part; Draudt (1914: 172),
as Chionaenna tricolor; Strand (1922: 692), as Chi-
onaenna tricolor tegyra; Strand (1922: 899), as Chi¬
onaenna tricoloris tegyra.
ssp. postdivisa (Rothschild, 1913) comb. nov.
(Plate 127 figs 3-4, plate 134 figs 5-6, plate
139 figs 6-7)
= Chionaema tricoloris Strand, 1922 syn. nov.
Lepidopterorum Catalogus 26: Arctiidae: Subfam.
Lithosiinae. W. Junk, Berlin: 899.
= Chionaema tricolor dampierensis Roths¬
child, 1916 syn. nov. Novitates zoologicae 23 (3):
327; Strand (1922: 692), as Chionaema tricolor
dampierensis.
= Chionaema acutipennella Rdber, 1925 syn.
nov. Stettiner entomologische Zeitung 85: 187.
Holotype tricolor Druce 6' BMNH: Trobriand Islands,
Kiriwini, v.1895, leg. A.S. Meek, Exotrocha tricolor S,
Type Druce.
Holotype postdivisa $ BMNH: British New Guinea,
Lower Mennbare River, v.1906, leg. A.S. Meek, Chionae¬
ma postdivisa, Type Rothschild.
Syntypes dampierensis 4(5' & 4$ BMNH: British New
Guinea, Da nn pier Island, leg. A.S. Meek, Chionaema tri¬
color dampierensis.
Holotype acutipennella: “Sudwest-Neuguinea”, type
not found.
References: Exotrocha tricolor Druce, 1899
honnonynn (nec sensu Swinhoe, 1892). Annals
and Magazine of Natural History (7)3: 235; Hannp-
son (1900: 316), in part; Draudt (1914: 172);
Strand (1922: 692), as Chionaema tricolor; Roths¬
child (1913: 192); Strand (1922: 688), as Chionae¬
ma postdivisa.
ssp. retracts (Draudt, 1914) (Plate 2 figs 13-14)
Holotype retracta S BMNH: New Britain, 82-80, Chi¬
onaenna tricolor ab. retracta Draudt, Holotype., Hannp-
son Subsp. I.
References: Chionaema tricolor retracta Draudt,
1914. In: Seitz A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge
der Erde 10: Spinner und Schwarmer des Indo-
Australischen Gebiets. Stuttgart, A. Kernen: 172;
Strand (1922: 692), as Chionaema tricolor retrac¬
ta.
Diagnosis ssp. tegyra: Forewings nnale 15.5 nnnn,
fennale 17-19 nnnn. Head black with steel blue shinn-
nnering scales, especially on the frons. Patagia and
tegulae red, base of tegulae black with blue irides¬
cent scales. Meso- and nnetathorax and abdonnen
black, all with blue iridescent scales, anal tuft in
nnale dark grey. Legs dark brown, at the outside blue
iridescent scales. Forewing narrow and long, costa
with a distinct pouch at two-third of wing length.
Forewings red with black costa, at apex continued
by a black hindnnargin and in tornus broadly intrud¬
ing into the red field until halfway the wing length.
The black colour with a blue shinnnner, especially at
the costa. Hindwing yellow with a broad black hind
nnargin which is broader at the apex, dorsunn nar¬
rowly black. Underside with reduced red colour. Fe¬
male as male but without the pouch at the forewing
costa and much larger.
Diagnosis ssp. postdivisa: Forewings male 12-
15.5 mm, females 15-18.5 mm. As in ssp. tegyra
but smaller. Patagia entirely red. Forewing with the
black margin at tornus not so broadly intruding into
the red field but gradually narrowing along the dor¬
sum to halfway the wing length. Underside with re¬
duced red colour but less strong as in tegyra.
Diagnosis ssp. retracta: Forewings male 16 mm.
Like tegyra s.s. but forewing with much broader
black hindmargin and tornus which is intruding into
the red field. Patagia entirely red. Female not stud¬
ied but probably as in male.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1545 {tegyra),
RV1546 ipostdivisa)]: Uncus long and finger
shaped with a blunt apex, broadly based. Tegu-
men gradually broadening towards uncus. Valvae
with a rather narrow cucullus, gradually tapering
distally and with a rounded apex. Clasper on cucul-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
lus broad, with a triangular extension and pressed
against the sacculus. Sacculus narrow, extended
and gradually curved upwards, apex sharp. Saccus
flat, without process. Aedeagus broad and short,
vesica with at least four distinct lobes, the ventral
lobe with a field of tiny teeth and distally with a few
larger cornuti, in postdivisa the field of tiny teeth on
this lobe is concentrated in a band. At the base of
the vesica a large bowl-shaped cornutus with nu¬
merous small teeth and dorsally accompanied by a
field of numerous longitudinal teeth. Furthermore
a large distal field of tiny teeth and dorsally a wide
field of scattered small cone-shaped teeth.
Female genitalia [gen. prep. RV1547 {postdi¬
visa)]: The core of the antrum completely sclero-
tized, flat, caudally with an oblique rim. Cervix bur¬
sae with the caudal part sclerotized and wrinkled.
Bursa with distal part sclerotized and wrinkled, one
large signum present which is a rounded patch with
numerous tiny teeth. Appendix bursae large, about
as large as the bursa itself, not sclerotized. Both,
bursa and appendix, are broadly connected, almost
forming one large bursa.
Distribution: Subspecies tegyra is found at the
D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Goodenough Island, Fer-
gusson Island, and smaller islands Northeast and
East of New Guinea. Subspecies retracta is found
on New Britain and New Ireland (Bismarck Archipel¬
ago). Subspecies postdivisa is found on the main¬
land of New Guinea and is very common.
Cyana (Clerckia) tricolora (Butler, 1877) (Plate
127 figs 7-8, plate 134 figs 7-8)
= Chionaema dinava (sic) vuicanica Roths¬
child, 1916 syn. nov. Novitates zooiogicae 23 (3):
327; Strand (1922: 680), as Chionaema dinawa
vuicanica.
Holotype tricolora: $ BMNH, Aru Isd., A.R. Wallace, 54
- 48., D. tricolora, Butler Type.
Holotype vuicanica: $ BMNH, Vulcan Isl., xi.l913-
i.l914, (Meek’s Expedition), Chionaema dinava vuica¬
nica, Type Rothsch.
References: Dyphlaebia tricolora Butler, 1877.
Transactions of the Entomological Society of Lon¬
don 1877: 347; Swinhoe (1892: 126), as Exotrocha
tricolor (sic) (nec Druce, 1899); Hampson (1900:
317); Draudt (1914: 172); Strand (1922: 682), as
Chionaema fulvia tricolora.
Diagnosis: Forewings male 12.5-15.5 mm, fe¬
male 16 mm. Head black with steel blue shimmer¬
ing scales, especially on the frons. Patagia and
tegulae orange. Meso- and metathorax and abdo¬
men black, all with blue iridescent scales, anal tuft
in male dark grey. Legs black with blue iridescent
scales. Forewing in male narrow and long, costa
with a narrow pouch at two-third of wing length.
Forewings orange with narrow black costa, at apex
narrowly continued by a black hindmargin (more
narrow than in tegyra) and in tornus somewhat
broader continued and gradually narrowing to half¬
way the wing length (more gradually than in tegyra).
The black colour with a blue shimmer, especially
at the androconial pouch. Hindwing deep yellow
with a broad black hind margin which is broader at
the apex, at the dorsum narrowly black. Underside
with reduced yellow colour, the black border being
more regular than in tegyra, the androconial pouch
clearly visible as an isolated black patch. Female as
male but without the pouch at the forewing costa
and larger. The black margins of the forewing costa
and termen broader. In the tornus the black margin
like in male gradually narrowing towards halfway
forewing length (in tegyra less gradually).
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1559]: Uncus rath¬
er long, broader than in tegyra, finger shaped with
a blunt apex. Tegumen broad. Valvae robust, with
a broad cucullus, gradually tapering distally and
with a truncated apex. Clasper on cucullus broad,
triangular with a thorn-shaped extension, pressed
against the sacculus. Sacculus broader than in
tegyra, extended and almost straight, apex with a
sharp curved thorn. Saccus flat, without process.
Aedeagus broad and short, vesica with at least
four distinct lobes, the ventral lobe with a band of
tiny teeth and with cornuti distally gradually getting
larger to some massive hooked thorns. At the base
of the vesica a large bowl-shaped cornutus with nu¬
merous small teeth and dorsally accompanied by
a band of large teeth. Furthermore a large distal
field of tiny teeth and dorsally a wide field of scat¬
tered tiny cone-shaped teeth. Female genitalia not
examined.
Distribution: The holotype of tr/co/ora was found
on the Aru Islands (Indonesia), the holotype of vui¬
canica was found on Vulcan Island (Manam, Papua
New Guinea). Both are females and actually the
only females known. The presumed males of this
species (assumed by the matching pattern of the
forewing tornus) have been found on the mainland
of New Guinea but are quite rare.
Cyana (Clerckia) trigona Rothschild, 1903 (Plate
128 figs 1-2, plate 135 figs 1-2, plate 140 figs
1-2)
= Chionaema dinawa Bethune-Baker, 1904
syn. nov. Novitates zooiogicae 11 (2): 423; Draudt
594
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
(1914: 172); Strand (1922: 682), as Chionaema
dinawa
Lectotype trigona [designated fronn syntype series of
2(5'] (5' BMNH: British New Guinea, Area R., (Weiske.),
Clerckia liboria trigona, Type 1903, Nov.Zool. R. & J.
Lectotype dinawa [designated fronn syntype series of
2(5'] (5' BMNH: British New Guinea, Dinawa, 4,000 ft.,
viii.1902. Coll. A.E. Pratt, Chionaema dinawa, Type B-B.
References: Clerckia fulvia trigona Rothschild,
1903. Novitates zoologicae 10 (2): 312; Draudt
(1914: 172); Rothschild (1915: 47); Strand (1922:
682), as Chionaema fulvia trigona.
Diagnosis: Forewings nnale 13.5-14.5 nnnn, fe-
male 15.5 nnnn. Head black with on the frons blue
shinnnnering scales. Patagia and tegulae brown-red.
Meso- and nnetathorax brown-red except for the dis¬
tal part of the nnetathorax which is black with blue
nnetallic scales. Abdonnen black with blue irides¬
cent scales, anal tuft in nnale dark grey. Legs black
with blue iridescent scales. Forewing in nnale nar¬
row and long, costa in nnale dorsally with a narrow
pouch at two-third of wing length. Forewings brown-
red with narrow black costa, at apex continued by
a narrow black hindnnargin and in tornus hardly
broader than in hindnnargin, gradually narrowing
and running as a thin line along the entire dorsunn
to wingbase. The black colour with a slightly blue
shimmer. Hindwing deep yellow with a broad black
hind margin which is broader at the apex, at the
dorsum broadly black and with a black streak in
the basal area. Underside forewing with reduced
yellow colour, in females less reduced. Female as
male but without the pouch at the forewing costa
and larger.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1557]: Uncus long,
finger shaped with a rounded apex. Tegumen broad.
Valvae with a broad cucullus, gradually tapering
distally and with a rounded apex. Clasper on cucul¬
lus triangular with a small blunt extension, pressed
against the sacculus. Sacculus rather narrow, ex¬
tended and curved with a sharp apex. Saccus flat,
without process. Aedeagus broad and short, vesica
with at least four distinct lobes, the long ventral
lobe without cornuti. At the base of the vesica a
bowl-shaped cornutus with numerous small teeth.
A large lateral and distal field of tiny cone-shaped
teeth, distally with larger cornuti which ends in a
massive cornutus with some large teeth. Dorsally a
field of clustered tiny teeth.
Female genitalia [gen. prep. RV1558]: The an¬
trum sclerotized, flat, only the edges unsclerotized.
caudally oblique. Cervix bursae with the caudal
half sclerotized and wrinkled. Bursa with one large
signum which is more or less rectangular with nu¬
merous tiny teeth. Appendix bursae large, about
as large as the bursa itself, not sclerotized. Both,
bursa and appendix, are broadly connected, almost
forming one large bursa but divided by a sclerotized
band.
Distribution: The species is widely distributed on
New Guinea and prefers mountainous areas (750-
1970 m). Locally a common species.
Cyana (Clerckia) simonthomasi sp. nov. (Plate
128 figs 3-4, plate 135 figs 3-4)
Holotype S RMNH: Ned. Nieuw Guinea, Kota Nica,
Res. Hollandia, xi.l961, 100 m, host: Myrist., ex
larva, leg. R.T. Simon Thomas.
Paratypes 3(5' RMNH: Ned. Nieuw Guinea, Achterland
Hollandia, 20.X.1936, leg. W. Stuber, coll. J.M.A.
van Groenendael; 1 $ RMNH, [Dutch New Guinea, nr
Hollandia, ca. 1961], Ganjam kw[eek], ex larva, leg. R.T.
Simon Thomas.
Derivatio nominis: The species is named in hon¬
our of Dr. Robert Terko Simon Thomas, former bio¬
logical researcher in Hollandia (Dutch New Guinea)
who bred the species in New Guinea without know¬
ing that it concerned a new species. Before he died,
on 5^^ June 2013, he was notified that this species
would be named after him.
Diagnosis: Forewings male 12.5-13 mm, female
17 mm. Head and antennae brown, frons with grey¬
ish pale blue scales between the antennae. Pata¬
gia and tegulae orange-red. Meso- and metathorax
black but mesothorax with a red distal rim. Abdo¬
men black, anal tuft dark grey. Legs dark brown
with at the outerside grey- blue scales. Forewing
narrow and long, costa with a distinct pouch at
two-third of wing length. Forewings orange-red at
costal half, gradually fading into orange towards
dorsum. Costa narrowly black, continued attermen
with a narrow black hindmargin, in tornus slightly
broader and along dorsum towards base gradually
narrowing until halfway winglength. In contrary of
the previous species the black colour without blu¬
ish shimmer. Hindwing yellow with a broad black
hind margin which is broader at the apex, unique
for this species is that the margin is fading in the
tornus, leaving the dorsum yellow. Underside with
the red coloration of upperside yellow and reduced.
Female similar to male but larger and without the
costal pouch.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1550]: Uncus short
with a spoon-shaped apex, broadly based. Tegu¬
men gradually broadening towards uncus. Valvae
with a broad cucullus which gradually tappers dis-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
tally. Apex of cucullus rounded. Clasper on cucul-
lus broad triangular with proximally a finger-shaped
thorn, pressed against the sacculus. Sacculus rath¬
er broad, extended and distally curved upwards,
apex with a sharp thorn. Saccus flat, without pro¬
cess. Aedeagus broad and short, vesica with at
least four distinct lobes, the ventral lobe being the
largest which carries a scobinated band with only
few tiny chitinous drops, distally with larger cornuti
with sonne very large clustered thorns. At the base
of the vesica a stretched bowl-shaped cornutus
with nunnerous snnaller teeth and acconnpanied by
a field of larger teeth. In the other two lobes a field
of cone-shaped thorns, the ones in the distal field
somewhat clustered. Female genitalia not studied
because of missing of the abdomen in the only fe¬
male specimen.
Additional information: The species has been
reared by Dr. R.T. Simon Thomas for study at his
laboratory in Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea. The
foodplants were Myristica species, nutmeg. The co¬
coons which were spun by the caterpillars are of
the typical Cyana type, with wide meshes of black
and grey threads. The pupa is grey-brown with black
stigmata.
Distribution: All specimens have been found in
or nearby Hollandia (now Jayapura) in the north¬
east of Papua, Indonesia.
Cyana (Clerckia) thoracica Rothschild, Jordan,
1901 (Plate 128 figs 5-8, plate 129 figs 1-2,
plate 135 figs 5-6, plate 140 figs 3-4)
= Chionaema bicolor Rothschild, 1913 syn.
nov. Novitates zoologicae 20 (1): 192; Draudt
(1914: 172); Hampson (1914: 635); Strand (1922:
678), as Chionaema bicolour.
= Chionaema croceizona Hampson, 1914
syn. nov. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae.
Supplement, volume 1. Catalogue of the Amatidae
and Arctiadae (Nollnae and LIthoslanae) In the
collection of the British Museum. London, British
Museum: 626; Strand (1922: 679), as Chionaema
croceizona.
Lectotype thoracica [designated from syntype series
of 4(5'] BMNH: [Dutch New Guinea], Humboldt Bay, ix-
X.1892., W. Doherty, Clerckia thoracica, Type! 1901.
Holotype bicolor S BMNH: German New Guinea, Chi¬
onaema bicolor, Type Rothsch.
Holotype croceizona $ BMNH: [Dutch] New Guinea,
Wataikwa River, A.F.R. Wollaston., 1911-229., x.1910,
Chionaema croceizona, type Hmpsn.
References: Clerckia thoracica Rothschild, Jor¬
dan, 1901. Novitates zoologicae 8 (4): 410); Roths¬
child & Jordan (1903: 482), as Clerckia thoracica;
Draudt (1914: 172); Strand (1922: 692); Hampson
(1914: 624); Gaede (1925: 243), as Chionaema
thoracica.
Diagnosis: Forewings male 14-17 mm, female 20
mm. Head black with on the frons blue shimmering
scales. Patagia black, in some specimens with an
orange base. Tegulae orange, in some specimens
with a black base. Pro- and mesothorax orange,
metathorax black with blue hair-scales. Abdomen
black with, anal segment orange-yellow. Legs dark
grey-brown with blue shimmer.
The species is strongly sexual dimorphic in wing
pattern which for a long time caused that both
were considered to be different species. Previ¬
ously no females were known from thoracica and
no males were known from croceizona, until they
were matched here. Forewing in male narrow and
long, costa in male dorsally with a narrow pouch
at two-third of wing length but this pouch is much
less developed compared to other Clerckia spe¬
cies. Forewings yellow with the distal third orange-
red. The black pattern on the forewing and hind¬
wing is rather variable, in some specimens more
extended or reduced than in others. Costa black,
broadly continued along termen and ending in tor-
nus. At apex the orange-red zone shortly intruded
with black. Hindwing yellow with a broad black hind
margin which is broader at the apex, at the dorsum
broadly black but with yellow fringes at dorsum. Un¬
derside forewing at apex with extended black mar¬
gin, hindwing identical to upperside. Female with
broad forewing and with arched costa. Wing pat¬
tern of forewing usually black with an orange-yellow
transverse band running from % forewing length at
costa to dorsum Just next to the tornus. The black
colour with a purplish shimmer. In one specimen
from Landikma (Jayawijaya Mountains) in the basal
half of the forewing also orange-yellow, except for
the black costa basally (fig. 24), which most likely
concerns a variation, the genitalia of this form are
identical to those from the typical form. Hindwings
black with a broad orange-yellow curved band which
follows the narrow black hindmargin. The black co¬
lour with purplish shimmer, fringes with blue irides¬
cence. Underside of both forms identical, similar to
the upperside of the typical form but with broader
orange band.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1555]: Uncus finger
shaped with a straight truncated apex. Tegumen
broad. Valvae with a broad cucullus, gradually ta¬
pering distally and with a rounded apex. Clasper on
cucullus with a ridge running from costa towards
sacculus, arched and with setae on the rim, and
596
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
folded inwards. Sacculus broadly based, extended
and curved with a sharp apex. Saccus “V”-shaped,
with a shallow process. Aedeagus broad and short,
slightly curved. Vesica with six lobes, the long and
broad ventral lobe with a narrow scobinated band.
At the base of the vesica a snnall bowl-shaped cor-
nutus with nunnerous snnall teeth and a sclerotized
ridge running distally. A broad scobinated band
running fronn base of vesica running ventro-distally,
ending in a cluster of needle-shaped cornuti. Dor-
sally fronn this cluster a larger bunch of needle-
shaped cornuti and at the dorsal lobe a third but
less dense cluster of needle-shaped cornuti.
Fennale genitalia [gen. prep. RV1548, RV1556]:
The antrunn sclerotized and flat. Cervix bursae un-
sclerotized and nnodestly sized. Bursa at the top
with a strongly sclerotized folded plate. Half of the
bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized with strong
wrinkles. Appendix bursae as a broad trunk-shaped
extension latero-distally of the bursa. Two signa
present, one smaller bowl-shaped signum with tiny
teeth caudally and a longer boat-shaped signum,
with even smaller teeth, laterally.
Distribution: It is a rather common species on
New Guinea which prefers lowland and moderate
altitudes. Most abundant in the western (Indone¬
sian) part of New Guinea.
Subgenus Cryptanaema subgen. nov.
Type species: Chionaema nigroplagata Bethune-
Baker, 1910
Cryptanaema subgen. nov. consists of species with
a more complex or cryptic wing pattern which is
dominantly with white, grey, black or brown patch¬
es, irregular lines or bands. The wings are relatively
short and broad with in the males a distinct andro-
conical pouch which either can run from wing base
to % of wing length oris positioned at two third from
base of the costal rim. The subgenus occurs almost
exclusively in New Guinea, one species in Australia.
The structure of the male and female genitalia di¬
vide the species at least into four groups.
The nigroplagata group is the largest with until now
seven recognized species. The wings are charac¬
terized by a complex of black or brown patches or
bands on a white or cream coloured ground. Strong
sexual dimorphism. The male genitalia are char¬
acterized with valvae which have the major part
of the sacculus sclerotized with complex folds and
rims. At the apex of the sacculus is a short finger-
shaped process which form and size is diagnostic
for the species. The aedeagus is short, the vesica
with a long blade-shaped cornutus and two fields
with thorn-shaped cornuti. The female genitalia
are characterized by a large bursa copulatrix, the
cervix bursae more or less broadly sclerotized with
wrinkles and folds, and caudally with a characteris¬
tic large and clearly defined appendix bursae. Only
one signum present with spines or thorns.
A closely allied group of species is the fumea group
with three species. The wings are rather uniformly
brown coloured with minor conspicuous pattern of
dark patches or lines. Sexual dimorphism is less
pronounced. The male genitalia have the valvae
long and narrow with a narrow sclerotized saccu¬
lus which is extended with a long sharp process,
the cucullus is for the major part unsclerotized. Ae¬
deagus short and vesica with a blade-shaped cor¬
nutus and two fields of cornuti of which one field
has only tiny spines orthorns, much smallerthan in
the nigroplagata group. The female genitalia with
the bursa copulatrix globular, the distal part more
regularly sclerotized (no wrinkles) and with a small
and clearly divided appendix bursae or none. One
signum with tiny thorns.
The punctistrigosa group consists until now of two
species. The wing pattern is very diverse, cryptic
like in the nigroplagata group. Strong sexual dimor¬
phism. The valvae in the male genitalia are quite
different from those in the previous two groups,
the broad cucullus slightly sclerotized, with the
sharp apex bent outwards. The vesica of the short
aedeagus with a blade-shaped cornutus and one
conspicuous field of large thorn-shaped cornuti.
The female genitalia with a large bursa copulatrix,
distally sclerotized and caudally with or without an
inconspicuous appendix bursae. One small signum
with tiny thorns.
The brunnea group is represented by only one spe¬
cies, in fact it is unclear if Cyana brunnea really be¬
longs to the genus Cyana. The characteristic andro-
conial pouch at the costa is what keeps this species
in the genus. The wing colour and pattern is like that
of the fumea group, rather uniformly dark brown
with a yellowish white post medial transverse line.
The male valvae are of a different structure than in
the other groups, sacculus short and only slightly
sclerotized, the clasper being the only conspicuous
ornament. The cucullus is long and narrow, partly
sclerotized with long setae at the costa. The vesica
of the short aedeagus with one field of thorn-like
cornuti. The female genitalia with a large globular
bursa copulatrix and only sclerotized at the ostium
and antrum. Caudally with a clearly separate ap¬
pendix bursae. One signum with small thorns.
Cyana {Cryptanaema) obscura Hampson, 1900
is the only species of this group that occurs out-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
side New Guinea, but its habitat Queensland has
proven to have nnore synnpatric distribution pat¬
terns with New Guinea. During the last Ice Ages
the Torres Strait, which divides New Guinea fronn
North Queensland, was dry and an opportunity for
aninnals to nnigrate over land and to colonize new
areas on both sides.
Checklist of Cyana (Cryptanaema)
nigroplagata group
nigroplagata (Bethune-Baker, 1910)
= Scaptesyle aroa Bethune-Baker, 1904 homonym
nov. (nec Chionaema aroa Bethune-Baker, 1904)
albimarginalis sp. nov.
basialba (Rothschild, 1913)
molbakon sp. nov.
inusitata (Bethune-Baker, 1910)
zwieri sp. nov.
melanoplagia (Hannpson, 1900)
ssp. melanoplagia (Hannpson, 1900)
ssp. orcheia (Rothschild, 1916)
ssp. extrema ssp. nov.
obscura (Hannpson, 1900) [Queensland, Australia]
fumea group
aroa (Bethune-Baker, 1904) (nec Scaptesyle aroa Bet¬
hune-Baker, 1904)
charybdis (Bethune-Baker, 1904)
= nigrescens (Rothschild, 1913) syn. nov.
fumea (Hannpson, 1900)
= melanochlorus (Rothschild, 1916) syn. nov.
punctistrigosa group
punctistrigosa (Rothschild, 1913)
gracilis sp. nov.
brunnea group
brunnea (Bethune-Baker, 1904)
Descriptions of the New Guinea species
Cyana (Cryptanaema) nigroplagata (Bethune-
Baker, 1910) (Plate 129 figs 3-4, plate 135
figs 7-8, plate 140 figs 5-7)
= Scaptesyle aroa Bethune-Baker, 1904 hom¬
onym nov. (nec Chionaema aroa Bethune-Baker,
1904: 423) Novitates zoologicae 11 (2): 422;
Draudt (1914: 181), as Scaptesyle aroa; Hannpson
(1914: 612), as Caprimima aroa; Strand (1922:
667), as Damias aroa.
Holotype Scaptesyle aroa $ BMNH: British New Guin¬
ea, Upper Aroa River, ill. 1903, (Meek), Scaptesyle aroa,
type.
Holotype nigroplagata S BMNH: British Central New
Guinea, Mount Kebea, 6,000 ft., iii-iv.l903, A.E. Pratt
Coll., Chionaema nigroplagata, Type B-B.
References: Chionaema nigropiagata Bethune-
Baker, 1910. Anna is and Magazine of Nature i His¬
tory (8) 6: 442); Hannpson (1914: 628); Strand
(1922: 686), as Chionaema nigropiagata.
Diagnosis: Forewings nnale 12-13 nnm, fennale
13-16.5 nnm. Male with antennae brown, bipecti-
nate. Head white, patagia bone-white but with lat¬
eral half brown with a purplish shimmer, like the
base of the bone-white tegulae. Thorax white, in
some specimens with a small black dorsal spot
on the prothorax. Abdomen bone-white. Legs dark
purplish-brown with bone-white rings. Forewing in
male short and rather narrow, costa in male dorsal-
ly with a longitude narrow pouch running from base
to % of the winglength from where the costa is shal¬
low angled and ends with a square angled apex.
Forewings with the pouch purplish-brown crossed
by three white bars which divide the costa in fact
in four equal parts. Center of the forewing white,
distally and along the pouch bone-white. A con¬
spicuous black, more or less square patch in the
post-median field with at the innerside three white
dots in a row. In the median field a complex black
marbled pattern. A row of marginal dots which run
from the middle of the termen towards apex in in¬
creasing size. Hindwings white, in the basal area
with bone-white hairs along the veins. Underside
almost unicolorous white, except for the forewing
costa with the pouch patterned black and white and
with the pattern of the upperside shining through.
Female with antennae dark brown, thinner than in
male. Head white, patagia brown with strong pur¬
plish shimmer. Tegulae white with a purplish-brown
base. Thorax and abdomen bone-white. Legs bone-
white with brown rings. Forewing in female of a
usual form, rather broad. Forewings purplish-black
with white dots and patches: at the base one small
dot, in the basal field two larger patches, one sub-
basal patch at the dorsum, three patches in a row
in the median field of which the dorsal two are usu¬
ally confluent and near the costa on both sides ac¬
companied by two spots (the basal two being the
smallest), a row of small post-median spots and
finally two large longitudinal marginal patches.
Fringes white. Hindwings white with a broad dark
grey margin, with white tipped apex, fringes white.
Underside with the dark pattern fainted.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1530]: Uncus long
and finger shaped, hooked with a sharp apex. Tegu-
men broad and parallel sided. Valvae with cucul-
598
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
lus basally sclerotized, apical third only slightly
sclerotized with rounded apex and with a connb of
inwards curved strong setae. Clasper on cucullus
rather connplex with ridges, plates and folds: a dis¬
tal ridge running obliquely fronn costa to the base of
the apex of the saccular extension, a stronger scler¬
otized plate along the basal rinn of the sacculus
which is continued by an even stronger sclerotized
spearhead-shaped plate which overlaps the base of
the saccular extension. Sacculus large and broad,
in the nniddle of the valvae gradually tapering in a
short but solid extension with a sharp hooked apex.
Saccus flat, without a process. Juxta rather simple,
conversed “V”-shaped. Aedeagus broad and short,
distally slightly tapering. Vesica globular, from base
of vesica a long sclerotized narrow ridge running
distally. Dorsally with a dense field of thorn-shaped
cornuti and more ventrally with a larger field of
more spread and larger thorn-shaped cornuti.
Female genitalia [gen. prep. RV1531]: Ostium
rim, antrum and ductus bursae unsclerotized. Cer¬
vix bursae with a sclerotized folded and wrinkled
plate which continues caudally with decreasing
sclerotization. Bursa unsclerotized and character¬
istically triangle shaped. Caudally with a smaller
globular appendix bursae. One small signum pres¬
ent: an irregular dentate plate with some tiny teeth
on the surface.
Taxonomical note: The species is strongly sexual
dimorphic in wing pattern which caused that both
were at first considered to be different species. The
male was described as Chionaema nigroplagata
Bethune-Baker, 1910, the female as Scaptesyle
aroa Bethune-Baker, 1904. In the same publica¬
tion Bethune-Baker (1904) made the unfortunate
decision to describe another species as Chionae¬
ma aroa which at that time was not yet a problem.
However, Scaptesyle aroa (page 422) and Chionae¬
ma aroa (page 423) are in fact homonyms because
they now appear to belong to the same genus, Cy¬
ana, in which the first mentioned would have page
priority above the second. However, because of this
confusion of equal names and the fact that there
is no valid name for Chionaema aroa available,
it seems wise to consider the name of the male,
nigroplagata Bethune-Baker, 1910 to be the valid
name of the species. Chionaema aroa Bethune-
Baker, 1904 (page 423) is a different Cyana spe¬
cies and will stay valid, Scaptesyle aroa Bethune-
Baker, 1904 (page 422), based on the female sex
of Chionaema nigroplagata, enters therefore into
secondary homonymy with Chionaema aroa and
will be downgraded in favor of Chionaema nigropla¬
gata.
Distribution: It is a very common species on the
island of New Guinea which prefers mountain ar¬
eas but is also found in the lowland.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) albimarginalis sp. nov.
(Plate 129 fig. 5, plate 136 figs 1-2)
Holotype 6' KSP: Indonesia, Papua, Puncak Jaya,
Mokndoma, E 137°46.500’ S 3°38,649’, 2180 m, 15-
23.i.2013, leg. Wild fam. & H. van Mastrigt, KSP65627.
Pa raty pe 1 6' KSP: sanne as holotype.
Derivatio nominis: The name of the species re¬
fers to the broad white margin on the forewings.
Diagnosis: Forewings male 11 mm. Antennae
brown, labial palpae black. Head, patagia, tegu-
lae and thorax snowy white, patagia at base with a
black spot. Legs pale yellow with black rings on the
tarsi. Abdomen with basal half snowy white, distal
half pale yellow with white anal tuft. Forewing rath¬
er short, costa in male dorsally with a longitude nar¬
row pouch runningfrom base to the subapical area.
Pouch black and crossed by two white bars which
divides the pouch in three equal parts. Major part
of the forewing snowy white, including the broad
hindmargin. A dark brown post-median band runs
from costal pouch to dorsum and with a row of small
white spots along the innerside which is indented
in the wing fold. In the median field a thin black
marbled pattern. A brown hairy scaling along the
rim of the pouch. Hindwings snowy white, including
the fringes. Underside with less pronounced black
and brown pattern, the post-median band towards
dorsum tapering. At the costa of the hindwing at
the underside with a greyish-brown patch. Female
unknown.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. KSP65627]: Uncus
long and finger shaped, apex rather blunt. Tegumen
broad, broader towards uncus. Valvae rather nar¬
row, cucullus narrow and basally sclerotized, apical
third only slightly sclerotized with rounded apex and
with a comb of inwards curved small setae. Clasper
pistol-shaped, strongly sclerotized, based on a dis¬
tal oblique ridge which runs from costa to the end
of the extension of the sacculus. A triangular folded
sclerotized plate at the inside at the middle of the
sacculus. Sacculus long, rather narrow and almost
parallel sided, distally tapering towards a short sol¬
id extension with a blunt apex. Saccus arched, with¬
out a process. Juxta rather simple, conversed “V”-
shaped. Aedeagus broad and short. Vesica globular
with some small lobes. From base of vesica a long
sclerotized ridge running distally, with both ends
broader than in the middle. Dorsally with a small
field of 7 rather large and 3 smaller thorn-shaped
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
cornuti and ventro-distally with two fields of cornuti:
one with larger cone-shaped cornuti and one with
very snnall chitinous drops.
Distribution: The only two specinnens known
have been found at about 2200 nneters in the
Sudirnnan Mountains (fornner Snow Mountains),
Papua, Indonesia.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) basialba (Rothschild,
1913) (Plate 129 figs 6-7, plate 136 figs 3-4,
plate 140 figs 8-9)
Holotype $ BMNH: British New Guinea, Biagi, Mann-
bare R., 5000 ft., ii.l906, (A.S. Meek), Chionaema ba¬
sialba, Type Rothsch.
References: Chionaema basialba Rothschild,
1913. Novitates zoologicae 20 (1): 192; Draudt
(1914: 173); Hampson (1914: 629); Strand (1922:
677), as Chionaema basialba.
Diagnosis: Forewings nnale 11.5 nnnn, fennale 12
mm. Male with antennae, head, patagia and tegu-
lae, grey-brown. Thorax grey-white. Abdomen ba-
sally half snowy white, distal half bone-white. Legs
grey with black rings on the tarsi. Forewing rather
narrow, costa in male dorsally with a longitude nar¬
row pouch runningfrom base to the subapical area.
Pouch dark grey with a narrow dark brown subbasal
band runningfrom costa to dorsum and a post-me¬
dian brown-yellow band runningfrom costa through
the cell to the cubital vein. Major colour of the fore¬
wing brown, somewhat faintly marbled with white,
the basal half of the dorsum white, in the middle
at dorsum with a brown band crossing the white.
In the apex a large conspicuous pale grey-brown
patch and a smaller one in the tornus. Flindwings
bone-white, including the fringes, at the apex and
costa grey.
Female antennae, head, patagia and tegulae choc¬
olate brown, the apex of the tegulae with white
hairy scales. Thorax snowy white, in some speci¬
mens with a brown spot dorsally on metathorax.
Abdomen grey, basally with some paler scales.
Legs grey. Forewings broader than in male, choco¬
late brown. Basally with a large snowy white patch
but the very wing base brown. A round snowy white
apical patch and a longitudinal tornal patch, leav¬
ing the fringes brown. A snowy white costal patch
in the middle and a white post-median spot which
is a part of a usually faint or absent irregular post¬
median line. The brown colour in some specimens
slightly marbled with white, especially at the dor¬
sum. Flindwings unicolorous grey, somewhat paler
at very wing base. Underside grey, forewing with a
faint white apical patch and dorsum white.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. KSP24243]: Uncus
long and finger shaped, apex rather blunt. Tegumen
broad, almost parallel sided. Valvae rather broad,
cucullus narrowly based and broadening distally.
Basally sclerotized, apical third only slightly sclero-
tized with rounded apex and with one larger seta.
Clasper long claw-shaped, strongly sclerotized,
broadly based on a distal oblique ridge which runs
from costa to the end of the extension of the sac-
culus. Sacculus broad with a triangular basal plate
which overlaps the base of the cucullus. A short
solid and hooked extension distally of the sacculus
with a blunt apex. Saccus arched, without a pro¬
cess. Juxta rather simple, conversed “V”-shaped
with a broad rim. Aedeagus broad and short, distal
half narrowing. Vesica globular. From base of vesi¬
ca a long sclerotized curved ridge running distally.
Dorsally with a small field of 6 rather large and 2
smaller thorn-shaped cornuti and ventrally with two
fields of cornuti: one with larger cone-shaped cor¬
nuti and one with very small chitinous drops.
Female genitalia [gen. prep. RV1534,
KSP24244]: Ostium rim and antrum very slightly
sclerotized, antrum flat and caudally oblique. Bur¬
sa copulatrix globular, cervix bursae with a band
of sclerotized folded ribs connected to the bursa.
Caudally with a rather large oval appendix bursae.
One characteristically formed signum present in
the caudal area, signum constricted at one side in
the middle and covered with large thorns along the
edges.
Distribution: The species is found in NewGuinea
at altitudes from 500 - 1850 meters. It is not very
common.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) molbakon sp. nov. (Plate
129 fig. 8, plate 141 figs 1-2)
Holotype $ RMNH: Ned. Nieuw Guinea, Sterrengeberg-
te, Molbakon, 2-ll.ix.l959, Sterrengebergte Exp.
Derivatio nominis: The species name “molba¬
kon” refers to the village in the Star Mountains
where the holotype was found.
Diagnosis: Forewings female 12 mm. Female
with head, labial palpae, antennae, patagia, tegu¬
lae and thorax brown. Abdomen grey-brown. Legs
yellow-brown with dark brown rings on the tarsi.
Forewing dark brown with bluish pale grey pattern:
a narrow basal line, a broad and oblique subbasal
band runningfrom dorsum to the cell, a conspicu¬
ous median fascia with a sharp angle in the cell
and with a small dark brown discal spot, a narrow
undulate submarginal line which follows the distal
edge of the median band and finally a bluish pale
600
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
grey nnargin which is indented by snnall triangular
teeth at the fringe line. Fringes grey-brown. Hind¬
wing basally whitish but the distal half and costal
area gradually suffused grey-brown. Fringes of
hindwing pale grey. Underside forewing unicolor-
ous brown except for the costal rinn which is darker
brown with two white spots. Underside hindwing as
upperside. Male unknown.
Fennale genitalia [gen. prep. RV1567]: Ostiunn
rinn and antrunn not sclerotized. Bursa copulatrix
globular but wider than long, cervix bursae with a
plate of about seven sclerotized ribs. At the right
side caudally with a rather large globular appendix
bursae. One characteristically fornned signunn pres¬
ent in the caudal area, like in basialba signunn con¬
stricted at one side in the middle and covered with
coarse thorns, especially along the edges, the sig-
num more compact than in basialba of which the
signum is wider.
Distribution: The species is only known by the
female holotype and was found in the Star Moun¬
tains.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) inusitata (Bethune-Baker,
1910) (Plate 130 figs 1-3, plate 136 figs 5-6,
plate 141 figs 3-5)
Lectotype [designated fronn syntype series of 16' and
1$] (6 BMNH: Arfak Mountains, North New Guinea,
4,000 ft. li-iii. 1909, C.B. Pratt., Chionaema inusitata,
Type (6 B-B.
References: Chionaema inusitata Bethune-Bak-
er, 1910. Annals and Magazine of Natural History
(8) 6: 442; Hampson (1914: 628); Strand (1922:
684), as Chionaema inusitata.
Diagnosis: Forewings male 15 mm, female 13.5-
15.5 mm. Male with antennae brown, palpae black,
head yellow to bone-white, patagia pale yellow with
a broad black rim with purplish shimmer, tegulae
pale yellow with a large black patch with a blue
shimmer. Thorax pale yellow with a large black dor¬
sal patch. Abdomen basally with pale yellow hairy
scales, distally abdomen grey, anal tuft yellow. Legs
yellow with black bands and rings on the tibiae and
tarsi with purplish shimmer. Costa of forewing in
male strongly arched in the subapical area. A rather
broad longitudinal pouch along the costa. Termen
rounded. Pouch with three alternate bone-white
and black bands of which the central black band is
the broadest, the black colour with purplish shim¬
mer. Pouch distally extended with a strongly scaled
flap. Major colour of the forewing bone-white. Pat¬
tern brown with a copper glow: at dorsum a median
irregular patch and an irregular edged submar¬
ginal band which is broadest in the middle and a
row of black terminal dots, fringes grey. Hindwings
bone-white with the base pale yellow. A broad grey
marginal band, including the fringes. Underside
of fore- and hindwings in male almost identical to
upperside but with the dark pattern somewhat re¬
duced and less pronounced.
Female antennae and palpae black, head yellow,
patagia entirely black with strong purplish shim¬
mer, tegulae with basal half black with purplish
shimmer, distal half yellow. Thorax yellow with a
large black dorsal patch with a blue glow. Abdomen
basally with yellow hairy scales, distally abdomen
grey, the inter-segmental rims and distal segment
yellow. Legs yellow with bands and rings of black
and blue shimmer on the tibiae and tarsi. Forewings
rather long but robust. Main colour of forewing in
female is brown to very dark brown with a copper
glow. Specimens can be quite variable in pattern,
in some specimens only a basal white patch and a
small longitudinal apical dot is present, but usually
the dark forewings have a large white basal patch,
leaving the very wing base brown, a slightly oblique
white median band of three more or less confluent
patches which runs from costa to dorsum. In this
band a small black discal spot is present or conflu¬
ent with the outer edge of the band. Usually one
or a few small white subbasal spots and a faintly
visible irregular post-median line, but in dark speci¬
mens these are absent. A longitudinal apical spot
which is almost always present, even in dark speci¬
mens. In the tornal area in pale patterned speci¬
mens some white marbling present. Fringes black.
Dark specimens can always be identified by the
strong copper glow of the forewings and the charac¬
teristic yellow head. Hindwings unicolorous grey but
paler at the very wing base. Underside with strong
reduced white pattern but the apical spot always
clearly visible.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1538]: Uncus long,
slender and hooked with a sharp apex. Tegumen
broad, parallel sided. Valvae broad, cucullus in the
center not sclerotized, apical third hardly sclerotized
with a slightly falcate apex and with a row of strong
setae on the apical rim. Clasper large, triangular
and flat with a sharp thorned apex and pressed
against the sacculus extension. Sacculus strong
and broad with a finger-shaped process in the mid¬
dle which overlaps the unsclerotized center of the
cucullus. A solid extension distally of the sacculus
with a sharp hooked thorn at the apex. Saccus flat,
without a process. Juxta conversed “V”-shaped with
a narrow sclerotized rim. Aedeagus broad and very
short, distally broadly incised. Vesica globular with
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
two distinct lobes. The dorsal lobe scobinated with
very tiny chitinous drops which continues distally
and runs in a band to the ventral lobe. In this large
ventral lobe sonne characteristic cornuti are found:
one large bar-shaped cornutus with both ends op¬
posite hooked. Distally a field of large thorn-shaped
cornuti which are getting snnaller ventral ly, and lat¬
erally a field of even larger thorn-shaped cornuti
with sonne snnaller thorns aside.
Fennale genitalia [gen. prep. RV1535, RV1539,
RV1540, RV1541]: Ostiunn rinn and antrunn not
sclerotized and with a rather long ductus bursae.
Bursa copulatrix nnore or less triangular, cervix bur¬
sae with a plate of strongly sclerotized wrinkled
folds. Caudally with a rather large globular appen¬
dix bursae. One snnall bowl-shaped signunn present
in the caudal area, heavily thorned at the edges
and with sonne dentated projections.
Distribution: Widely distributed in Indonesian
New Guinea and Waigeo Island, in Papua New
Guinea it seenns restricted to the western area near
the border. Locally a connnnon species. Found in
lowland and nnountain areas.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) zwieri sp. nov. (Plate 130
figs 4-6, plate 136 figs 7-8, plate 141 figs 6-8)
Holotype 6' RMNH: Indonesia, Papua, Kecannatan
Nipsan, Walmak, 1710 m, 4°07’S - 138°36’E, 31.i-09.
ii.2005, at light, cultivated area, UNCEN-ZMA Expedition,
Papua Indonesia 2005.
Pa raty pes 2(5' & 4$ RMNH: sanne as holotype.
Derivatio nonninis: The species is nanned in hon¬
our of J.H.H. Zwier (Zelhenn, The Netherlands) who
was a nnennber of the 2005 expedition to Wainnak
where the types of this species were collected.
Diagnosis: Forewings nnale 12-13 nnnn, fennale 13-
15 nnm. Males with antennae brown, labial palpae
dark brown. Head dark brown with a purplish gloss.
Patagia and tegulae usually dark brown with a pur¬
plish gloss but in pale specinnens bone-white with
sonne diffuse shining brown-purple scaling. Thorax
bone-white with scarce brown scales. Legs buff co¬
loured without pattern. Abdonnen bone-white, ba-
sally with buff coloured hairy scales, anal tuft buff.
Forewing short and broad, at % of wing length the
costa is nodded by the distal flap of the narrow rect¬
angular pouch. Pouch dark brown, nnarbled with
sonne white and with the distal flap buff coloured.
A dark brown-purplish hairy scaling along the rinn of
the pouch. Dorsunn of forewing bone-white, in the
nniddle with sonne black nnarble pattern, the area
between dorsunn and costa reddish brown, in pale
specinnens only traces of this. An irregular and in-
connplete subbasal line running fronn dorsunn to the
cubital vein, at dorsunn pronounced. A broad dark
brown undulate post-nnedian line runs fronn 2/3
of dorsunn length to the distal flap of the pouch, in
the nniddle sinuous. Marginal third of the wing dark
brown, at ternnen nnore greyish. Hindwings bone-
white, with a broad dark grey nnargin and costa,
including the fringes. Underside unicolorous grey-
brown, except for the bone-white dorsunn. Hindwing
as upperside but less pronounced.
Fennale with antennae, labial palpae, head and pa¬
tagia brown with a reddish copper gloss. Tegulae of
the sanne colour but with sonne white hairy scales.
Thorax white with caudally nnore or less extended
brown scaling. Legs unicolorous grey-brown. Abdo¬
nnen grey-buff. The fennales are variable in the white
pattern on the brown forewings being nnore or less
extended. In pale specinnens there is a conspicu¬
ous white zigzagging nnedian band with a snnall dis-
cal brown spot. A large white basal patch but with
the very wingbase dark brown. Subbasally there is
a faint white patch. A faint undulate white post-nne-
dian line which is curved in the cell along the large
tooth of the nnedian band. A buff coloured apical
patch, in sonne specinnens continued by a faint un¬
dulate nnarginal line. Fringes grey. Dark specinnens
resennble those of inusitata and basialba very
nnuch but there are differences. They always have
the white basal patch, a rennnant of the nnedian
band as a conspicuous white spot at the costa and
an undulate line at the dorsunn, and the buff co¬
loured apical spot with undulate nnarginal line (not
so in basialba and the head is dark brown in zwieri
and bone-white in inusitata). Hindwings grey with
the very wingbase whitish. Underside unicolorous
grey but the costal spot still visible.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1532]: Uncus long,
slender and hooked with a sharp apex. Tegunnen
broad with parallel sides. Valvae rather narrow, cu-
cullus in the center slightly sclerotized and with a
broad heavy sclerotized curved rim at the base of
the valva and running towards the clasper, apical
third of cucullus slightly sclerotized with rounded
apex and with a comb of curved setae. Clasper
obliquely triangular, flat and stretched and with a
sharp apex, strongly sclerotized, based on a dis¬
tal oblique ridge which runs from costa to the end
of the extension of the sacculus. Sacculus broad,
from base distally tapering towards a solid curved
extension with a blunt apex. Saccus arched, with¬
out a process. Juxta conversed “V”-shaped, rim
rather narrow. Aedeagus broad and rather short,
slightly sinuous. Vesica globular with some lobes.
Dorsal lobe scobinated with numerous tiny chitin-
602
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
ous drops. Laterally a long straight bar-shaped cor-
nutus which runs fronn base of vesica to the ventral
lobe which has a field of large cone-shaped cornuti,
at the edges acconnpanied by snnaller cornuti.
Fennale genitalia [gen. prep. RV1533]: Ostiunn
rinn and antrunn not sclerotized, ductus bursae
funnel-shaped. Cervix bursae with a strongly scler¬
otized folded plate of about six ribs. Bursa copula-
trix globular with one snnall signunn at the bottonn
caudally. Signunn constricted at one side but not
deeply, covered entirely with coarse thorns and
with one short projection. Appendix bursae broadly
connected at the right side of the bursa copulatrix,
shoe-shaped.
Distribution: The species has only been found in
Wainnak in the Jayawijaya Mountains, Papua, Indo¬
nesia, at an altitude of 1700 meters.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) melanoplagia (Hampson,
1900)
ssp. melanoplagia (Hampson, 1900) (Plate 130
figs 7-8, plate 137 figs 1-2, plate 141 figs 9-10)
Holotype melanoplagia S BMNH: Kapaur, S.W NGuin-
ea, xii.1896-i.1897, Doherty, 97-165, melanoplagia,
type 6' Hmpsn.
References: Chionaema melanoplagia Hamp-
son, 1900. Catalogue Lepidoptera Phalaenae 2.
Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae)
in the coiiection of the British Museum. London,
British Museum: 318; Draudt (1914: 173); Strand
(1922: 685), as Chionaema meianopiagia.
ssp. orcheia (Rothschild, 1916) stat. nov. (Plate
131 figs 1-2, plate 137 figs 3-4, plate 142 figs
1-2)
Lectotype orcheia [designated from syntype series of
4(5' and 4$] (5' BMNH: Dampier Isl., ii-iii.l914, (Meek’s
Expedition), Chionaema orcheia, type Rothsch. Speci¬
men [with round type label, paralectotypes without such
label].
References: Chionaema orcheia Rothschild,
1916. Novitates zooiogicae 23 (3): 327; Strand
(1922: 686), as Chionaema orcheia.
ssp. extrema ssp. nov. (Plate 131 figs 3-4, plate
137 figs 5-6, plate 142 figs 3-4)
Holotype S BMNH: Goodenough Isl., 2500-4000 ft.,
iv.l913, A.S. Meek.
Pa retypes 4(5' & 10$ BMNH: Goodenough Isl., 2500-
4000 ft., iii.1913 [4 (5' (5', 5 $$], iv.l913 [5 $$], A.S.
Meek.
Diagnosis ssp. melanoplagia: Forewings male
11.5-12 mm, female 12-13.5 mm. Males with an¬
tennae brown, labial palpae dark brown. Head dark
brown but behind the antennae pale buff. Patagia
and tegulae pale buff. Thorax and base of abdomen
bone-white, distally abdomen dark grey with anal
tuft buff. Legs brown with narrow white rings on the
tarsi. Forewing short and broad, at % of wing length
the costa is bluntly angled from the distal flap of the
narrow rectangular pouch, to the blunt apex. Ter-
men round. Pouch bone-white with in the center a
distinct dark brown costal patch, along the basal
part of the costa usually somewhat suffused with
brown scales. Forewing dominantly bone-white with
buff apex and brown pattern with a purplish gloss.
Below the costal pouch in the center of the wing a
broad field of brownish narrow hairy scales which
easily come off. This is best seen in fresh speci¬
mens. In fresh specimens a short straight brown
line from the center of dorsum to the cubital vein.
Post-median line bone-white which runs from dor¬
sum to costa with the dorsal half dentate, at the in-
nerside bordered with brown and distally bordered
by a conspicuous longitudinal brown patch which
runs from tornus to the subapical area. Fringe
line checkered brown. Hindwings bone-white, with
a broad dark grey margin, including the fringes.
Underside unicolorous grey-brown, except for the
bone-white dorsum. Hindwing as upperside but
less pronounced.
Female with antennae, labial palpae, head and
patagia dark brown. Tegulae white, at base dark
brown. Thorax white. Legs grey-brown with narrow
white rings on the tarsi. Abdomen basally whitish,
distally abdomen dark grey. There is some varia¬
tion in the dark brown pattern being more or less
extended. In extended patterned specimens the
dominantly white forewings have a large median
costal patch which is trapezium-shaped. Below this
costal patch an almost straight narrow line runs to
the dorsum and a short thin median line runs from
dorsum to the wing fold. A large subapical costal
patch which is crossed by the undulate and sinuous
white post-median line which runs to the subtornal
area and is dentate in the dorsal half. This dentate
part at the innerside bordered with a fine brown
line, distally bordered by a longitudinal tornal patch
which runs to the subapical area. A row of small
brown dots along the termen, fringes grey. Pale
specimens lack the median lines and have reduced
brown triangular patches along the costa and tor¬
nus. Hindwings grey with the very wingbase whitish.
Underside of forewings grey with two narrow stripes
along the costa, hindwings as upperside.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Diagnosis ssp. orcheia: Forewings nnale 11.5
mm, female 13 mm. Males in general as melanop-
lagia s.str. but with the bone-white colour replaced
by buff. Dark brown pattern extended. Prothorax
dark brown, the tornal patch larger and confluent
with the dentate post-median line, a median patch
at dorsum from which two more or less straight
lines run to the costal patch. Hindwings as in the
typical race.
Female with the white colour replaced by pale buff.
The brown pattern much extended. Median costal
patch dark brown and a dark brown discal spot
present. Grey-brown tornal patch is connected with
the subapical patch forming a broad submarginal
band. Two straight median lines run from costal
patch to dorsum. Flindwings as in the typical race.
Derivatio nominis extrema ssp. nov.: The name
extrema refers to both, the extreme diffusion of the
colour and the extreme far east distribution of this
subspecies, on Goodenough Island.
Diagnosis ssp. extrema ssp. nov.: Forewings
male 13 mm, female 14 mm. Male with the wing
pattern as in the typical race but the ground colour
of the forewing darkened to grey-brown. Flindwing
with narrower grey hindmargin. Flead and thorax
unicolorous brown, base of abdomen with dark buff
coloured hairy scales, distal part dark grey with a
buff anal tuft.
Female with the ground colour unicolorous dark¬
ened to grey-brown, the dark brown pattern as in
the typical race but with a small discal spot pres¬
ent. Flindwings grey with the very wing base whitish.
Basal part of abdomen buff-grey, distal part dark
grey.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1512 {melanopla-
gia), RV1514, RV1518 {orcheia), RV1516 (extre¬
ma)]: Uncus long, slender and hooked with a sharp
apex. Tegumen broad with parallel sides. Valvae
distally gradually broadening, cucullus in the cen¬
ter slightly sclerotized, with a narrow rim running
from costa towards the end of the extension of the
sacculus. Apical third of cucullus slightly sclerotized
with rounded apex and with a comb of curved se¬
tae. Clasper broad triangular, flat and with a sharp
apex. Sacculus broad, distally tapering towards an
extension with a small thorn. Saccus arched, with¬
out a process. Juxta conversed “U”-shaped, rim
very broad. Aedeagus broad and rather short, dis¬
tally slightly narrowing. Vesica globular with some
lobes. Dorsal lobe with a field of tiny chitinous drops
accompanied by a few larger thorn-shaped cornuti.
Laterally a long sickle-shaped cornutus which runs
from base of vesica to the ventral lobe which has
a field of cone-shaped cornuti, ventrally accompa¬
nied by smaller cornuti and chitinous drops.
Female genitalia [gen. prep. RV1513 {melanop-
lagia), RV1515, RV1519 {orcheia), RV1517 {extre¬
ma)]: Ostium rim and antrum not sclerotized, duc¬
tus bursae long and funnel-shaped. Cervix bursae
with a slightly sclerotized folded plate with long ribs.
Bursa copulatrix flattened globular with one small
signum at the bottom caudally. Signum at one side
constricted but not deep, covered with tiny thorns,
along the edges with larger thorns. A large oval ap¬
pendix bursae with a narrow connection at the right
side of the bursa copulatrix.
Distribution: The species is confined to New
Guinea and some adjacent islands. The nomino-
typical subspecies occurs on the mainland of New
Guinea and the islands Waigeo and Japen at alti¬
tudes from sea level to 1500 meters and is most
found in the Indonesian part of New Guinea. Sub¬
species orcheia is found on Karkar (formerly Damp-
ier Island), Papua New Guinea and subspecies
extrema ssp. nov. is found on Goodenough Island,
D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua New Guinea.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) area (Bethune-Baker,
1904) (Plate 131 figs 5-6, plate 137 figs 7-8,
plate 142 figs 5-6)
Holotype 6' BMNH: British New Guinea, Upper Aroa Riv¬
er, iv.l903, (Meek), Chionaema aroa. Type, B-B. 1904.
References: Chionaema aroa Bethune-Baker,
1904 (nec Scaptesyie aroa Bethune-Baker, 1904).
Novitates zooiogicae 11 (2): 423; Draudt (1914:
173); Flampson (1914: 629); Strand (1922: 677),
as Chionaema aroa.
Diagnosis: Forewings male 12 mm, female 14
mm. Male with antennae brown, palpae, head, pa-
tagia, tegulae and thorax dark brown. Legs and ab¬
domen grey-brown. Rather broad longitudinal cos¬
tal pouch strongly hairy scaled in the same colour
of the forewing. Distal part of the pouch runs over
the costal rim at two-third from wingbase. Forewing
almost unicolorous dark brown with only a faint
black post-median transverse band visible. Flind¬
wings entirely grey-brown. Underside of fore- and
hindwings in male unicolorous brown.
Female antennae brown, palpae, head, patagia,
tegulae and thorax chocolate brown with some
metallic shimmer. Legs and abdomen grey-brown.
Forewings broad. Main colour of forewing in female
is chocolate brown with a metallic shine. A faint pat¬
tern of some transverse bands formed by sprinkled
blue-greyish scales, a post-median undulated line
runs from costa to dorsum. In some specimens
a distinct discal black spot is visible. Apical area
604
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
of the forewing usually greyish brown. Hindwings
unicolorous grey-brown. Underside of fore- and
hindwings in fennale unicolorous brown.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1520]: Uncus long
and slender. Tegunnen broad, parallel sided. Val-
vae narrow and elongated, cucullus with only the
costa connpletely sclerotized, the distal half of cu¬
cullus not sclerotized and with a narrow rounded
apex. Long setae present on the apex. Sacculus
broadly based and gradually narrowing to a strong
and curved extension with a hooked apex. Clasper
rather snnall and narrow, like a spearhead-shaped
ridge at the base of the sacculus extension. Saccus
flat, without a process. Aedeagus broad and very
short. Vesica globular with three distinct lobes. The
largest dorsal lobe with rather large coarse blunt
thorns which decrease in size and spread distally
and scobinated with tiny chitinous drops which con¬
tinues distally and run to the distal lobe, in which
again some blunt thorns are present. The basal
ventral lobe only with some spread scobination of
tiny chitine drops but connected to a band of heavy
scobination at the distal part of the aedeagus.
Female genitalia [gen. prep. RV1521]: Ostium
rim and antrum not sclerotized and with a rather
broad ductus bursae. Bursa copulatrix oval shaped,
cervix bursae partly sclerotized with a plate of
strongly wrinkled folds. A small globular appendix
bursae. Caudally, at the bottom of the bursa copu¬
latrix, a small helmet-shaped arched signum pres¬
ent, with heavily thorned surface and edges.
Distribution: Not a common species. Locally
found from eastern Papua, Indonesia, to Central
Papua New Guinea from low land up to 1900 me¬
ters.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) charybdis (Bethune-Baker,
1904) (Plate 131 figs 7-8, plate 138 figs 1-2,
plate 142 figs 7-9)
= Chionaema nigrescens Rothschild, 1913
syn. nov. Novitates zoologicae 20 (1): 193; Draudt
(1914: 173); Hampson (1914: 630); Strand (1922:
686): Chionaema nigrescens.
Lectotype charybdis [designated from syntype series
of 1(5' and 1$] (5' BMNH: British New Guinea, Dinawa,
4,000 ft., ix.l902. Coll. A.E. Pratt, Chionaema charybdis.
Lectotype nigrescens [designated from syntype se¬
ries of IS and 1$] (5' BMNH: British New Guinea, Biagi,
Mambare River, 5000 ft., iii.1906, (A.S. Meek), Chionae¬
ma nigrescens, Type Rothsch.
References: Chionaema charybdis Bethune-Bak-
er, 1904. Novitates zooiogicae 11 (2): 423; Draudt
(1914: 172); Hampson (1914: 630), as Chionaema
charybdis; Strand (1922: 682), as Chionaema
fumea charybdis.
Diagnosis: Forewings male 15 mm, female 20
mm. Male with antennae brown, palpae, head,
patagia, tegulae and thorax dark brown. Legs and
abdomen grey. Pouch strongly hairy scaled in the
same colour of the forewing. Distal part of the
pouch runs over the costal rim at two-third from
wingbase. Forewing dark brown with some trans¬
verse lines. The undulate subbasal line and zigzag¬
ging post-median line sharply defined, the median
line faintly visible. Hindwings grey-brown with a grey
faint discal spot. Underside of fore- and hindwings
in male unicolorous brown with a discal spot in the
hindwing.
Female antennae brown, palpae, head, patagia,
tegulae and thorax like in male brown. Legs and
abdomen grey. Forewings broad, dark brown. A pat¬
tern of zigzagging black transverse lines, especially
the post-median and submarginal line. Two black
spots present in the cell, the discal spot and one
more basally. Hindwings unicolorous grey-brown
with a faint grey discal spot. Underside of fore- and
hindwings in female unicolorous brown with a dis¬
cal spot in the hindwings.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1524]: Uncus long
and slender, apex sharp and slightly hooked. Tegu-
men broad, with diverging sides. Valvae elongated,
cucullus spoon-shaped, the basal half sclerotized,
the distal half of cucullus not sclerotized and with a
broad rounded apex. Sacculus narrow based, elon¬
gated with an extension which is apically curved
into a broad sharply hooked apex. Clasper very
small, integrated in the middle of the long saccu¬
lus as a hooked flap pressed against the surface.
Saccus shallow, without a clear process. Aedeagus
broad and short, distally slightly tapering and with
a scobulated ring. Vesica globular with two distinct
lobes. Ventrally (in picture on top) with a straight
bar which has a keel in the middle. A central band
with large elongated cornuti, the basal cornuti be¬
ing the largest and some even confluent. The dor¬
sal lobe (in picture on bottom) with tiny chitinous
drops.
Female genitalia [gen. prep. RV1525]: Ostium
rim and antrum heavily sclerotized, wide funnel-
shaped continued in a bowl-shaped connection to
a short and rather broad ductus bursae. Cervix bur¬
sae large and swollen with some chitinous folds, for
the greater part covered with tiny chitinous needles.
Bursa copulatrix oval shaped, broadly connected
with the cervix bursae. A small globular appendix
bursae caudally at the bottom of the bursa copula-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
trix. At the right flank a snnall bowl-shaped signunn
present, with thorned surface and edges.
Distribution: Widely distributed in New Guinea at
higher altitudes, fronn 1200 up to 2000 nneters.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) fumea (Hampson, 1900)
(Plate 132 figs 1-2, plate 138 figs 3-4, plate
143 figs 1-3)
= Chionaema melanochlorus Rothschild, 1916
syn. nov. Novitates zoologicae 23 (3): 328; Strand
(1922: 685), as Chionaema melanochlorus.
Holotype fumea S BMNH: Kapaur, S.W New Guinea,
Dec. 96-Jan. 97., Doherty., 97-165, Chionaema fumea,
type 6' Hnnpsn.
Lectotype melanochlorus [designated fronn syntype
series of IS and 1$] S BMNH: Dannpier Isl., ii-iii.l914,
(Meek’s Expedition), Chionaema meianochioros, Type,
Rothsch.
References: Chionaema fumea Hannpson, 1900.
Catalogue Lepidoptera Phalaenae 2. Catalogue of
the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the collec¬
tion of the British Museum. London, British Muse¬
um: 317; Draudt (1914: 173); Strand (1922: 682),
as Chionaema fumea; Holloway (2001: 331), as
Cyana fumea.
Diagnosis: Forewings male 10.5 mm, female
12 mm. Male with antennae brown, palpae, head,
patagia, tegulae and thorax grey-brown. Legs and
abdomen grey, the basal part of abdomen paler
grey, with an ochreous anal tuft. Pouch along the
forewing costa narrow with only short scales. Fore¬
wing grey-brown with some faint darker and paler
transverse bands. Most conspicuous is the some¬
what paler central area which also crosses the
pouch and a dark brown triangular costal patch
which is connected to the black discal spot. In f.
melanochlorus the transverse bands are more con¬
trasted with an undulate paler post-median line
and pale submarginal band. Hindwings white with
the margins suffused with grey-brown, especially at
the costa and apical area. Underside of forewings
grey-brown, hindwings as upperside but with a dis¬
cal spot.
Female with head, thorax and abdomen as in male.
Forewings broad, grey-brown. Dark pattern con¬
centrated in the middle area but very diffuse. Two
black spots present in the cell, the discal spot and
one more basally. Hindwings white with a broad
grey-brown area along the costa and apex and with
a faint grey discal spot. Underside with forewings
grey-brown, hindwings as upperside but with a dis¬
cal spot.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1536]: Uncus long
and slender, apex sharp and slightly hooked. Tegu-
men broad, with diverging sides. Valvae long, the
basal half of cucullus sclerotized, the distal half
of cucullus not sclerotized but at the costal area
slightly sclerotized. Apex of cucullus extended, fin¬
ger-shaped and connected with soft tissue at the
extension of the sacculus. Sacculus basally broadly
fused with the cucullus and gradually narrowing
and elongated with an extension which is slightly
curved. At the apex a small thorn. Clasper small,
a thin hook which is pressed against the surface.
Saccus flat, without process. Aedeagus rather long
and curved, distally with some thorns at the in¬
cised rim. Vesica globular with two distinct lobes.
Ventrally with a straight bar with both ends sharp.
Ventral lobe furthermore with a field of small sharp
cornutal thorns. A central band with about ten large
sharp cornuti, the more distally on the vesica, the
more blunt the cornutus. The dorsal lobe with tiny
chitinous drops.
Female genitalia [gen. prep. RV1537]: Ostium
rim and antrum heavily sclerotized, wide funnel-
shaped, antrum short, followed by a rather broad
ductus bursae. Cervix bursae consists of two parts,
a smaller wrinkled part which is hardly sclerotized,
and a large and swollen part with folds and wrinkles
which is for the greater part sclerotized. Bursa cop-
ulatrix globular, broadly connected with the cervix
bursae. A small globular appendix bursae caudally
attached to the right side of the cervix bursae. At
the right side of the bursa copulatrix a small irregu¬
lar shaped signum present compiled of clustered
blunt thorns.
Distribution: A common species in New Guinea
from lowland areas up to 900 meters. It is also
found on Dampier Island (Papua New Guinea)
where the few known specimens have a more con¬
trasted pattern and were described as melanochlo¬
rus by Rothschild (1916), but the species is rather
variable in pattern all over New Guinea and there is
no reason to even consider melanochlorus to be of
subspecies level.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) punctistrigosa (Rothschild,
1913) (Plate 132 figs 3-4, plate 138 figs 5-6,
plate 143 figs 4-5)
Holotype S BMNH: Mt. Goliath, 5000 ft., Centr. Dutch
N. Guinea, about 139. long., iii.1911, (A.S. Meek), Chi¬
onaema punctistrigosa, Type Rothsch.
References: Chionaema punctistrigosa Roth¬
schild, 1913. Novitates zoologicae 20 (1): 225;
Draudt (1914: 174); Hampson (1914: 627); Strand
606
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
(1922: 689), as Chionaema punctistrigosa.
Diagnosis: Forewings nnale 12-13 nnnn, fennale
14.5 nnnn. Male with palpae black, apical segnnent
pale buff. Head, antennae, thorax and legs pale
buff. Thorax with two black spots caudally and tegu-
lae with a black spot at base, all these black spots
with a purple nnetallic shinnnner. Abdonnen basally
pale yellow, in the nniddle brown and with a pale
yellow anal tuft. Pouch along the forewing costa
narrow with only short scales. Forewing pale buff
with black pattern with purple shinnnner. Pattern of
dots and broken bands: a distinct black basal spot,
a conspicuous black subbasal costal patch contin¬
ued bysonnesnnall subbasal spots towards dorsunn,
a nnedian dorsal black bar running fronn dorsunn to
the cubital vein, a snnall black discal spot and one
just below the pouch, the black post-nnedian line
undulated and with teeth but inconnplete, apical
area suffused with black but leaving a buff subapi-
cal costal patch. Hindwings pale yellow with a grey-
brown hindnnargin, at the apex broader. Underside
of forewings buff but the pouch black, hindwings as
upperside but hindnnargin faint.
Fennale with head, thorax and abdonnen as in nnale
but head with on the vertex a black spot with purple
shinnnner and spots on the thorax larger. Legs buff
with grey suffusion. Forewings broad, pale buff with
a pinkish tinge. Black pattern nnore contrasted than
in nnale, all with purple shinnnner: the nnedian band
ainnost connpletely running fronn dorsunn to costa
but in the discal area thin and in sonne specinnens
broken and with a tiny spot basal of it, the post-nne-
dian line consists of a sinuous row of black teeth, a
distinct round discal spot and a snnaller spot on the
cubital vein nnore basally, the nnarginal area ainnost
entirely black except for the buff subapical costal
patch and a buff patch above the tornus. Hind¬
wings pale yellow with a broad brown hindnnargin
and a faint discal stripe. Underside with forewings
brown with the pattern accentuated, hindwings as
upperside but with pattern nnore accentuated.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1527]: Uncus long
and slender, blunt apex. Tegunnen broad, with di¬
verging sides. Valvae with cucullus flat and slightly
sclerotized, the costa nnore sclerotized, at apex ven-
trally falcate with a sharp hook. Sacculus rather nar¬
row with a short extension, apex of extension with
a snnall blunt tooth pointing inwards. Clasper trian¬
gular with a sharp hooked apex, flat and pressed
against the sacculus. Saccus flat, without process.
Aedeagus short and broad, distally narrowing and
with four thorns on a strongly sclerotized rotary
saw-shaped apex. Vesica globular with sonne indis¬
tinct lobes. Ventrally with a sclerotized curved plate
and a scobinated field of chitinous drops. Distally
with a few rows of large shark teeth-shaped cornuti
in a field of tiny chitinous drops.
Fennale genitalia [gen. prep. RV1526]: Ostiunn
rinn and antrunn not sclerotized, ductus bursae
short and rather narrow. Transition of cervix bursae
and bursa copulatrix unclear, widely connected.
Cervix bursae with sonne sclerotized wrinkles and
with surface entirely covered with tiny chitinous
needles which continues half way the bursa copu¬
latrix. A snnall globular appendix bursae attached
with a long ductus distally, on top of the cervix bur¬
sae. At the right side of the bursa copulatrix a snnall
bowl shaped signunn present with sharp thorns of
which sonne larger.
Distribution: Locally a connnnon species in New
Guinea, also known fronn Japen Island. Found at al¬
titudes fronn 150 to 1500 nneters.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) gracilis sp. nov. (Plate 132
figs 5-6, plate 138 figs 7-8, plate 143 figs 6-7)
Holotype 6' KSP: Indonesia, Papua, Kab. Sarnni, Mann-
beranno Basin, Peg. Foja, 2°34.5’ S - 138°42.9’ E,
1650 nn, 23.xi-7.xii. 2005, Henk van Mastrigt/CI-RAP,
KSP42271.
Paratypes 2$ KSP: sanne as holotype, KSP42283&
KSP42284.
Derivatio nonninis: The species is nanned graci¬
lis to ennphasize the delicate pattern of fine stripes
and lines in the nnale and fennale of this species.
Diagnosis: Forewings nnale 13 nnnn, fennale 15-
16 nnnn. The species is strongly sexually dinnorphic.
Male (holotype) with palpae brown. Head, thorax
and abdonnen bone-white, antennae buff. Thorax
with a dorsal black central stripe. Pouch along the
forewing costa narrow with only short scales. Fore¬
wing narrow, nnarbled with black, grey and brown
into a connplex pattern of patches and lines. At the
dorsunn a pale buff area with two longitudinal brown
lines, the central area below the cubital vein bluish
grey. Basal half of costal area dark brown and the
distal half of the costal area pale buff, apical area
darker buff. In the pale buff area a black discal
spot is present, nnore basal a larger black spot at
the border of the dark and pale areas. A fine brown
sinuous nnedian line crosses the wing fronn costa
to dorsunn Just basad fronn the discal spot. In the
nnarginal field the veins are black with a white spot
each in the rinn of the nnargin. Fringes grey. Hind¬
wings bone-white with snow-white fringes.
Fennale with palpae brown. Head bone-white, pata-
gia buff, tegulae and thorax chocolate brown with
sonne bluish grey scales on the nnetathorax. Abdo-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
nnen bone-white. Forewing rather narrow, nnain co¬
lour bluish grey and white. Costal half of basal area
chocolate brown, at dorsunn sprinkled with bluish
grey. A broad bluish grey subbasal line, bordered by
a thin grey line which ends at the costa in a choco¬
late brown triangular spot. Median and post-nnedi-
an area greyish white, with a faint grey discal spot
and with a grey sinuous nnedian line running fronn
dorsunn to costa where it ends in a second choco¬
late brown triangular spot, the post-nnedian field
bordered by a grey line which ends at the costa in
a third chocolate brown triangular spot. The three
costal spots lay in a snow-white costal area which
continues in the subnnarginal field. A stretched tri¬
angular chocolate brown tornal patch which contin¬
ues in an inconnplete subnnarginal line consisting of
a few rennaining spots. Marginal field bone-white,
nnarginal line grey with sonne faint checkering spots
in the bone-white fringes. Hindwings bone-white
with a narrow grey nnarginal line. Fringes snow-
white.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. KSP42271]: Uncus
straight, long and slender, apex with a snnall thorn.
Tegunnen broad, with diverging sides. Valvae with
cucullus flat and at costal half sclerotized, apex
ventrally curved with a sharp hook, apical rinn ir¬
regular by pustulations of setae. Sacculus broadly
based and with a folded rinn which runs into a short
extension with a sharp apex. Clasper narrow and
stretched triangular with a blunt apex, acconnpa-
nied by a narrow ridge which runs fronn the center of
the cucullus and nneets the clasper at its apex. Sac-
cus shallow, without process. Aedeagus short and
broad, distally deeply incised. Vesica globular with
sonne lobes. Ventrally with a straight sclerotized bar
with both sides blunt. Distally with a field of large
blunt cornuti, acconnpanied by a field of chitinous
drops. The snnaller dorsal lobe without scobination
or cornuti.
Fennale genitalia [gen. prep. KSP42283,
KSP42284]: Ostiunn rinn and antrunn not sclero¬
tized, ductus bursae short. Transition of cervix
bursae and bursa copulatrix unclear, widely con¬
nected, both globular but all together rather snnall.
Cervix bursae with a large twisted and folded scler¬
otized plate and at the right side widely attached
to a globular appendix bursae. At the bottonn of the
bursa copulatrix a snnall star-shaped signunn, cov¬
ered and edged with sharp thorns.
Distribution: This species has been found during
the Foja Mountains Expedition in 2005 in Papua,
Indonesia. It is probably endennic for the area.
Cyana (Cryptanaema) brunnea (Bethune-Baker,
1904) (Plate 132 figs 7-8, plate 139 figs 1-2,
plate 143 figs 8-9)
Holotype S BMNH: British New Guinea, Upper Aroa
River, ii.l903, (Meek), Chionaema brunnea. Type.
References: Chionaema brunnea Beth une- Bak¬
er, 1904. Novitates zoologicae 11 (2): 423; Draudt
(1914: 173); Rothschild (1915: 48); Strand (1922:
678), as Chionaema brunnea.
Diagnosis: Forewings nnale 11-12 nnnn, fennale
13-14 nnnn. Male with a broad head with large eyes.
Flead, antennae, palpae and thorax dark brown. Ab-
donnen grey, in the nniddle darker grey. Thorax and
abdonnen with long hairs, especially at the ventral
side. Pouch along the forewing costa broad with
long hairy scales, distal half overlapping the cos¬
tal rinn. Forewing broad, nnain colour brown with a
purple and copper shinnnner. At the dorsunn in the
nnedian field on vein A2+3 a pale yellow streak and
a connplex pattern of yellow scratches around it.
The narrow post-nnedian line slightly undulate and
curved to and running over the apex of the costal
pouch which in sonne specinnens even fornns a cos¬
tal patch. In sonne specinnens a subnnarginal row
of snnall yellow dots present but usually faint or ab¬
sent. Fringes dark grey. Flindwings grey. Underside
unicolorous grey-brown, the costal pouch brown.
Fennale with head, antennae, palpae and thorax
brown. Abdonnen dark grey. Forewing broad, nnain
colour brown with a slight purple shinnnner. Dorsal
area with sonne faint yellow scratches, post-nnedian
line yellow, undulate and running obliquely fronn
costa and with a sudden bend running obliquely
to dorsunn at two-third fronn base. A faint subnnar¬
ginal row of yellow dots present. A snnall black dis¬
cal spot and longitudinal spot nnore basad. Fringes
dark grey. Sonne specinnens are nnore obscurely
patterned but at least sonne yellow pattern and the
black discal spot are present. Flindwings grey. Un¬
derside unicolorous grey-brown.
Male genitalia [gen. prep. RV1522]: Uncus
straight, long and slender with a sharp apex. Tegu¬
nnen very broad, with ainnost circular sides. Valvae
of a different type than all other Cryptonaema spe¬
cies. Valvae elongate with cucullus at costal rinn
broadly sclerotized and with long setae which are
all directed dorsally, ventral side only slightly sclero¬
tized. A rounded subbasal lobe at the costal rinn,
costa furthernnore straight but with at the very apex
ventrally falcate. Sacculus short and rather broad,
distal half gradually tapering and with its sharp
apex reaching one-third of valvae length. Clasper at
the inner rinn of the distal part of sacculus elongate
608
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
triangular with a long, slender and curved blunt
hook. Saccus wide, with a shallow process or keel.
Aedeagus rather long and distally gradually narrow¬
ing, at distal rinn undeeply incised. Vesica at base
near the incision of aedeagus with a sclerotized
slightly curved bar with at one side snnall thorns.
At globular vesica a double row of sharply hooked
cornuti and distally with sonne larger sharp cone-
shaped cornuti, ventral lobe with scobination.
Fennale genitalia [gen. prep. RV1523]: Ostiunn
rinn and antrunn strongly sclerotized. Antrunn “U”-
shaped with a funnel-shaped ventral plate. Antrunn
a straight tube, at full length sclerotized but at ven¬
tral side interrupted, followed by a short ductus
bursae. Cervix bursae hardly sclerotized, with nu-
nnerous wrinkles, and widely connected to the glob¬
ular bursa copulatrix. A snnaller globular appendix
bursae attached to a lobe at the right side of the
bursa copulatrix. A very snnall signum as a rosette
of blunt thorns present at the lower ventral side of
the bursa copulatrix.
Distribution: A rather common species which is
found widely distributed in New Guinea in moun¬
tainous areas at moderate altitudes.
Key to the Cyana species from New Guinea
1 Forewing with red or orange or entirely black with blue
shimmer (subgenus C/ercWa) . 2
- Forewing different . 13
2 Forewing entirely black with steel blue shimmer, center
of hindwing hyaline . posthyalina
- Forewing with red or orange . 3
3 Males (with costal pouch), forewing deeply red, hind-
wings entirely black . metamelas
- Forewing with orange-red to orange-yellow, hindwings
with yellow . 4
4 Hindwings with black margin dentated at inside .
. dentimarginata
- Hindwings with black margin at inside without denta¬
tion . 5
5 Hindwings with dorsum broadly black . 6
- Hindwings with dorsum yellow or narrowly black . 8
6 Fringes at dorsum yellow . thoracica (male)
- Fringes at dorsum black . 7
7 Forewings and/or hindwings with orange-yellow post¬
median band . thoracica (female)
- Forewings red with a narrow black rim . trigona
8 Black rim at forewing tornus conspicuously broader
than attermen and costa . 9
- Black rim at forewing torn us not distinctly broader than
termen and dorsum . 11
9 Black margin at forewing termen broad .
tegyra retracta
- Black margin at forewing termen rather narrow . 10
10 Black margin at forewing tornus broadly intruding to
wing center . tegyra tegyra
- Black margin at forewing tornus gradually narrowing to
wing base . metamelas (female)
11 Hindwing with black margin equally broad, innerside
diffuse . simonthomasi
- Hindwing with black margin gradually narrowing to tor¬
nus . 12
12 Forewing orange, black rim narrow, along costa
equally thin . tricolora
- Forewing orange-red, black rim at costa broadening ..
. tegyra postdivisa
13 Forewings bone-white with black transverse lines
(subgenus Cyana) . 14
- Forewings without black transverse lines (subgenus
Cryptanaema) . 15
14 Forewings with at least 4 transverse lines, including a
basal line . transfasciata
- Forewings with 3 transverse lines, including a basal
line . binigrofasciata
15 Forewings in majority dark brown without distinct
pale pattern . 16
- Forewings with pale marbled pattern or clear patches
. 21
16 Hindwings white with dark margin . 17
- Hindwings uniformly grey, with or without a darker dis-
cal spot . 18
17 Hindwing snow-white with dark suffusion along costa
and termen . fumea
- Hindwing bone-white with broad marginal band .
. melanoplagia extrema (male)
18 Hindwing grey with a more or less distinct darker dis-
cal spot . charybdis
- Hindwing grey and without a discal spot . 19
19 Forewing with distinct dark triangular costal patches
. melanoplagia extrema (female)
- Forewing without distinct triangular costal patches ....
. 20
20 Forewing dark brown with (at least traces of a) yellow¬
ish post median line .
brunnea
- Forewing dark grey-brown with faint darker pattern ....
. area
21 Forewing at costa with a pouch or pocket (males) ...
. 22
- Forewing costa without a pouch or pocket (females) .
. 30
22 Hindwings whitish without complete darker marginal
band . 23
- Hindwings with a darker marginal band . 26
23 Margin of forewing and entire hind wing snow-white
. albimarginalis
- Margin of forewing and entire hindwing not snow-
white . 24
24 Forewings white with a complex pattern of dark
patches . nigroplagata
- Forewings not white and with a complex dark pattern
. 25
609
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
25 Forewings with large (sub)apical patch, hindwings en¬
tirely white . gracilis
- Forewings with apical patch, hindwings at costa and
apex suffused . basialba
26 Flindwing nnargin narrow, forewing buff with oblique
broken fascia . punctistrigosa
- Flindwing nnargin broad . 27
27 Forewing with dark oblique stretched triangular tor-
nal patch . 28
- Forewing with tornal patch if present not stretched tri¬
angular or absent . 29
28 Forewing without nnedian transverse lines, reduced
dark pattern . melanoplagia s. s.
- Forewing with nnedian transverse lines, extended pat¬
tern . melanoplagia orcheia
29 Forewing white with broad broken dark nnedian band,
head whitish . Inusitata
- Forewing with whitish dorsal patch, head dark brown
. zwieri
30 Flindwing at least half of it whitish or yellowish .... 31
- Flindwing almost completely grey . 34
31 Flindwing completely white, forewings pale grey with
dark subapical patch . gracilis
- Flindwing with broad dark marginal band . 32
32 Pale colour in hindwing yellowish, forewing with punc¬
tated post median line . punctistrigosa
- Pale colour in hindwing whitish . 33
33 Forewing black with pattern of white patches and
spots . nigroplagata
- Forewing with sharp angled bluish grey median band
and central area . molbakon
34 Forewing for the greater part whitish with dark costal
patches . 35
- Forewing for the greater part dark brown with white
pattern . 36
35 Forewings bone-white with sharp dark pattern .
. melanoplagia melanoplagia
- Forewings buff with diffuse dark pattern .
. melanoplagia orcheia
36 Flead whitish . inusitata
- Flead dark brown . 37
37 Forewing with white apical patch . basialba
- Forewing without apical patch, yellowish subapical
spot present . zwieri
Genitalia slides examined (Table 1)
Acknowledgements
Reviewing the New Guinea species of the ge¬
nus Cyana was not possible without the help and
cooperation of the following colleagues and institu¬
tions. I thank Martin Honey, who has now retired,
and Alberto Zilli, his successor, for their help and
pernnission to have access in the innportant collec¬
tion (BMNH) and the dissections, preparations and
photographing of the type of Cyana metamelas that
610
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
(plates 126-143)
Alberto Zilli nnade; the late Henk van Mastrigt who
provided nne of specinnens to dissect and his as¬
sistant and successor Miss Evie Lily Warikar (KSP)
who helped nne greately with infornnation on la¬
bels and sizes of specinnens; I thank Luc Willennse
(RMNH), who as head of the Entonnology depart-
nnent is responsable for the collection in which I
work and I could have had access to for this study;
Dr. Willenn N. Ellis (Annsterdann, The Netherlands) I
ann grateful for his help concerning the foodplant of
Cyana simonthomasr, Kees van den Berg (RMNH)
who helped nne with digitalized innages of the geni¬
talia; and last but not least the Uyttenboogaart-Eli-
asen Stichting (The Netherlands) for financing the
surveys to Papua which nnade collection of fresh
nnaterial and the study of the KSP collection (Wae-
na, Papua, Indonesia) and that of BMNH (London,
United Kingdonn) possible.
References
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Received: 21.01.2017.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
612
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
(plates 144-151)
Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the
Apomecynini of the Orientai and Australian Region
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), part 7
Andreas Weigel Andre Skale ^
1 - Am SchloBgarten 6, D-07381, Wernburg, Germany; e-mail: rosalia-aw@online.de
2 - Wilhelm Kohihoff StraBe 3, D-95032, Hof, Germany; e-mail: andre.skale@online.de
Abstract: This present contribution presents new taxonomic and faunistic information on 49 taxa of the Sybra
Pascoe, 1865 genus complex and other genera of the tribe Apomecynini. The unjustified synonymy of Sybra with
Mycerinopsis Thomson, 1864 according Slipinski & Escalona (2013) is reversed. Lamprosybra Aurivillius, 1928
stat. rev. is considered to be a valid genus, currently with three species: L suicata Aurivillius, 1928, L fuscipennis
Breuning, 1960 stat. nov. and L obtusipennis (Breuning, 1960) comb. nov. Lectotypes are designated for L suicata
and L fuscipennis. The revalidation of the genus Sybro/cfes Dillon et Dillon, 1952 stat. rev. and the monotypic species
Sybroides howqua Dillon et Dillon, 1952 stat. rev. are given. Five species are transferred to Bityie Pascoe, 1865 and
a key is provided: Bityie pseudobityie (Heller 1924) comb, nov., Bityie basimacuiata (Heller, 1924) comb, nov., Bityie
aiboscuteiiaris (Heller, 1924) comb, nov., Bityie modesta (Heller, 1924) comb. nov. and Bityie aibostictica (Breuning,
1960) comb. nov. Neotypes are designated for Sybromimus obiiquatus Breuning, 1940 and Sybra ochreoguttata
Breuning, 1939. The following synonymies are proposed (valid taxon listed first): Mycerinopsis iacteoia (Hope, 1841)
= Mycerinus uniformis Pascoe, 1863 syn. nov., Bityie aiboscuteiiaris (Heller, 1924) = Cyiindropiocia be//er/ Schwa rzer,
1931 syn. nov., Bityie modesta Heller, 1925 = Sybra modestior Breuning, 1960 syn. nov., Sybra marcida Pascoe,
1865 = Sybra intorta Breuning, 1939 syn. nov. = Sybra papuana Breuning, 1939 syn. nov. = Sybra pseudogeminata
Breuning, 1939 syn. nov., Sybra sexguttata Breuning, 1939 = Sybra postaibomarmorata Breuning, 1964 syn. nov.,
Sybra fuscovittipennis Breuning, 1975 = Sybra baioghi Breuning, 1975 syn. nov., Sybra borneotica Breuning, 1939
= Apomecyna borneotica Breuning, 1982 syn. nov., Sybra ochreovittipennis Breuning, 1964 = Sybra samarana
Breuning, 1970 syn. nov., Sybra iatiuscuia Aurivillius, 1927 = Sybra guamensis Iwata, 1993 syn. nov., Sybra porceiius
Pascoe, 1865 = Sybra proximata Breuning, 1942 syn. nov., Sybra bacuiina Bates, 1866 = Sybra ishigakii Breuning
et Ohbayashi, 1964 syn. nov. = Atimura fuiva Schwa rzer, 1925 syn. nov., Faisepiiysta ochraceomacuiata (Schwa rzer,
1931) = inermomuiciber schuitzei Breuning, 1974 syn. nov. = Piocia affinis (Breuning & Villiers, 1983) syn. nov.,
Faisepiiysta oiivacea (Schwarzer, 1931) = Mimosybra aibosignata Breuning, 1982 syn. nov., Mimosybra schuitzei
(Breuning, 1966) = Sybra mimaiternans Breuning, 1970 syn. nov. = Mimosybra aiternans Breuning, 1973 syn.
nov. Furthermore, the following five species are transferred to the genus Mimosybra Breuning, 1939: Mimosybra
annuiata (Heller, 1924) comb, nov., Mimosybra bimacuiata (Breuning, 1939) comb, nov., Mimosybra bipiagiata
(Breuning, 1939) comb, nov., Mimosybra borneana (Breuning, 1961) comb. nov. and Mimosybra strandi (Breuning,
1939) comb. nov. Finally two corrections to Skale & Weigel (2012) and Skale & Weigel (2014) are given.
Keywords: Lamiinae, Bityie, Faisepiiysta, Lamprosybra, Mimosybra, Mycerinopsis, Sybra, Sybromimus, faunistics,
lectotype designation, neotype designation, new combinations, new synonymies, revalidation. Oriental, Australian.
Introduction
In the current paper we present additional
new data within the tribe Apomecynini based
on recent studies. We propose a number of new
synonymies and combinations as corrections for
the confusion which exists in the Oriental and
Australian Apomecynini. Additionally, a number
of holotypes for type species of some genera are
missing, particularly type material deposited in the
Hamburg Museum which was destroyed in World
War II. Now, we designate neotypes for two of those
species: Sybromimus obiiquatus Breuning, 1940
and Sybra ochreoguttata Breuning, 1939. Both
eligible specimens are from the type localities and
agree well with the original descriptions, making
this possible.
Numerous taxonomic changes given by
Slipinski & Escalona (2013), consistently without
Justifications, are not helpful whatsoever.
613
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Synonynnies of nnany genera within the Australian
Aponnecyninibroadlyaffecttaxononnicnonnenclature
(i.e. a lot of nonnina nova are assigned) concerning
Oriental genera and species. The suggested
synonymy of the genera Sybra Pascoe, 1865
and Mycerinopsis Thomson, 1864 is particularly
questionable. The study of the type specimen of the
type species of the genus Mycerinopsis, M. aridus
Pascoe, 1862, has shown that both genera are valid.
The currently valid Oriental species in the genus
Mycerinopsis (Breuning 1964a) are heterogeneous
and in all probability belong to various genera. As
before, the species rich genus Sybra contains a
very complex species inventory. In the current work,
some species will be transferred into two distinct
genera, one to the genus Lamprosybra Aurivillius,
1928, with three species from Samoa at present,
and five to the genus Bityle Pascoe, 1865, now
with six species from Sulawesi and the Philippines.
The latter genus was revalidated by Weigel & Skale
(2009).
Materials and methods
For the present study, 52 type specimens and
169 additional specimens were examined. The
genitalia for most of the male specimens were
examined. For type material, genitalia were only
examined if the material was in good condition.
The dissected genitalia were fixed onto a white
card together with the specimen. For the method
of dissection and the terms of the male genitalic
structures see Weigel & Skale (2009). Photographs
were taken with a Leica stereo microscope Z6
APOA, for genitalia pictures a Planapo-lens 5.0 was
used, and subsequently processed and measured
with the Leica Applications-software 4.0. The final
processing was made with Adobe Photoshop 7.0.
Body length was measured from the front margin of
the clypeus to the apex of the elytra. Before making
photographs of male genitalia, all structures were
immersed for a minimum of 24 hours in 80% lactic
acid, subsequently the “fibula” and the 8^^ tergite
were photographed in this liquid.
For photographs, the tegmen and aedeagi
were fixed on transparent platelets.
Label data of types are cited in their original
text, using a slash to separate different lines
and using two slashes “//” for different labels.
Additional remarks by the authors are cited in [ ].
For non-type specimens, no special separation is
given for lines on the labels.
Abbreviations used in the text:
Museum and collection acronyms:
BPBM - Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, U.S.A.;
BMNH - British Museum of Natural History, London,
United Kingdom;
CHH - collection D. Heffern, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.;
CMI - collection H. Makihara, Ibaraki, Japan;
CMS - collection 0. Mehl, Natural History Museum of
Denmark, Copenhagen;
CSH - collection A. Skale, Hof, Germany;
CTO - collection T. Tichy, Ostrava, Czech Republic;
CTV - collection V. Nagiryni, Tartu, Estonia;
CVB - collection E. Vives, Barcelona, Spain;
CWW - collection A. Weigel, Wernburg, Germany;
CYR - collection Y. Yokoi, Ratingen, Germany;
CZW - collection H. Zettel, Vienna, Austria;
EUMJ - Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan;
HNHM - Hungarian National History Museum, Budapest,
Hungary;
ISNB - Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de
Belgique, Brussels, Belgium;
JMU - Julius-Maximilians-Universitat, Wurzburg,
Germany;
MNHN - Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
France;
NHRS - Naturhistorika Riksmuseet Stockholm, Sweden;
NSMT - National Science Museum Tokyo, Japan;
NUK - Nihon University Kanagawa, Japan;
OUMNH - Oxford University Museum of Natural History,
Oxford, United Kingdom;
SMF - Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main,
Germany;
SMNS - Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart,
Germany;
SMTD - Senckenberg Staatliches Museum furTierkunde
Dresden, Germany;
USNM - United States National Museum, Washington
D.C., U.S.A.;
ZMB - Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universitat
Berlin, Germany;
ZMH - Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, Germany;
ZSM - Zoologische Staatssammiung Munchen,
Germany.
Collectors:
IF - leg. A. Floren (JMU);
IS - leg. A. Skale;
IW - leg. A. Weigel;
lY - leg. Y. Yokoi.
Additional:
spm(s) - specimen(s);
HT - holotype;
PT - paratype;
ST - syntype.
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Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
(plates 144-151)
Taxonomic part
1. The genus Mycerinopsis Thomson, 1864
Mycerinopsis Thomson, 1864: 50
Mycerinopsis iacteoia (Hope, 1841)
Hathiia iacteoia Hope, 1841: 50 (Plate 144 figs
1-3, 8)
Mycerinus aridus Pascoe, 1862: 466 (Plate 144
figs 4-7, 9)
Mycerinus uniformis Pascoe, 1863: 546 syn. nov.
Mycerinopsis avida Thonnson, 1864: 50
[nnisspelling]
Type material: Mycerinus aridus HT $ BMNH: Lizard
/ Island [handwritten, green ellipsoid label] // Hathiia
/ arida / Typ Pascoe [handwritten] // Mycerinopsis /
arida / Lizard. I. Pasc [handwritten] // Type [round label
with red border] // Pascoe / Coll. / 3-60, condition:
well preserved, right antenna with 4 antennomeres,
right protarsus with 2 tarsomeres, body size: 12.7 mm;
Hathiia iacteoia colour photo (picture by Ms. Amoret
Spooner) from HT (5' OUMNH: Iacteoia / Hope P. Ess.
[handwritten = Port Essington] // TYPE // Hope / Proc.
Ent. Soc. / I. P. 50/ Coll. Hope Oxon. [red edged] // TYPE
Col: 1867 / Hathiia / Iacteoia / Hope / HOPE DEPT.
OXFORD, condition: completely preserved, body size:
13.5 mm.
Additional material (6 spm): !(/ BMNH: Praonetha
sublineata Guer., Port Essington?, Australia septentr.,
Bowr. Chevr., 63.47*; 1$ BMNH: Lizard Isl.; 16' BMNH:
Cairns N. Queensland, G. E. Bryant, F. P. Dodel 1911
[handwritten], G. Bryant Coll., 1919.-147, Mycerinopsis
Iacteoia Hope, Breuning det.; 1(6 BMNH: Mycerinus
uniformis, Pascoe Coll., 93-60, 143 [possibly the type
of Mycerinopsis uniformis]; 1$ CWW: Australia Qld.,
Atherton Umg., 27.12.61 15.1.62, leg. H. Demarz; 1$
CWW: ALIS13, NT46, Roper Bar, Roper River Cr., 15m,
14°42’50”S, 134°30’31”E, 4.5.2013, M. Baehr.
Rennarks: Slipinski & Escalona (2013)
synonynnized the genera Mycerinopsis Thonnson,
1864 and Sybra Pascoe, 1865 without explanation.
A suggestion of this problenn was presented by
Skale & Weigel (2014). The exannination of the type
species of this genus, Mycerinus aridus Pascoe,
has confirmed the synonymy is not justified,
hence the genera Mycerinopsis and Sybra are
not congeneric. The catalogue of Junk-Schenkling
(Aurivillius 1921) listed both species Mycerinopsis
iacteoia and Mycerinopsis arida as distinct taxa.
Probably Breuning (1939) is responsible for the
synonymy of these two species. In the description
of Mycerinopsis spinipennis Breuning, 1939
he wrote „Der Iacteoia Hope (= arida Pascoe)
nahestehend...”. Also McKeown (1947) follows this
synonymy in the “Catalogue of the Cerambycidae
(Coleoptera) of Australia”. We confirm this
synonymy and we also consider these two species
to be conspecific.
The differentiation of Mycerinopsis from Sybra is as
follows:
no rows of punctures on the elytra as main
characteristic
whole body covered with poriferous setae
(such setae are often rubbed off or poorly
recognisable under adhered tomentum)
fore legs with longer protruding hairs
with a distinct long setae below the lower
eye lobes (see Plate 144 fig. 7) (all examined
species of Sybra have a distinct setae beside
the inner eye lobes only
antennae of males remarkably longer in
females and most of Sybra species, protarsus
wider, elytra narrowing apically, apex distinctly
attenuated
scutellum very wide, with the middle smooth
and glossy
antennae comparatively thick and densely
fringed beneath
labrum and foreborder of the clypeus with very
prominent (yellowish) hairs
pronotum with a narrow smooth longitudinal
line.
The male of M. iacteoia is similar to species of
the genus Trichohestima Breuning, 1943. The large
genus Sybra still contains a really heterogeneous
species mixture as previously mentioned several
times. In the future, more species will be assigned
to different genera. Other species of Mycerinopsis
from the Oriental region and New Guinea listed
in Breuning (1964a) or described later (Breuning
1968; 1973; Hayashi 1972) do not belong to this
genus and should be placed under Zota/e Pascoe,
1866 in future.
Already Pascoe (1863) pointed out under
the description of M. uniformis (type locality:
Australia, Port Denison) its similarity to the species
M. arida and wrote furthermore that M. uniformis
may only be a local variety of M. arida. Breuning
(1964a) wrote that the type specimen is probably
lost. A specimen in the BMNH is labelled as M.
uniformis by Pascoe himself. It is possibly the type
specimen but without labels of origin. Based on the
examination of this specimen and verification with
the description (Pascoe 1863) we assume the two
species are conspecific and M. uniformis syn. nov.
is simply an individual variation of M. arida.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
2. The genus Lamprosybra Aurivillius, 1928
Species catalogue of the genus Lamprosybra
Lamprosybra Aurivillius, 1928: 144 stat. rev.
Lamprosybra sulcata Aurivillius, 1928: 144 (Plate
145 figs 1-4)
Sybra sulcata Breuning, 1960: 142
Lamprosybra fusel pennis Aurivillius, 1928: 145
stat. nov. (Plate 145 figs 5-8)
Lamprosybra sulcata v. fusel pennis Aurivillius,
1928: 145
Sybra sulcata nn. fusel pennis Breuning, 1960:
142
Lamprosybra obtusipennis (Aurivillius, 1928: 147)
comb. nov. (Plate 145 fig. 9)
Oopsis OibtL/s/penn/s Aurivillius, 1928: 147
Sybra obtusipennis Breuning, 1960: 142
Type material: Lamprosybra sulcata ST (5' BMNH:
Type [round label with red borders]// Malololelei/ Upolu
Samoa/ 2000feet/22.iii.l924 [handwritten]/ Buxton &
Hopkins// Brit. Mus/ 1928-25.// 139// Lamprosybra
/sulcata/Auriv. (// Det. Prof. C. Aurivillius. //Typus [red
label] // LECTOTYPUS / Lamprosybra / sulcata / des.
Skale & Weigel 2016, hereby designated as lectotype,
condition: left antenna with 9 antennomeres, well
preserved otherwise, body size: 10.7 mm; ST $ NHRS:
Malololelei / Upolu Samoa / 2000 feet / 22.iv.1925
[handwritten] / Buxton & Hopkins// 140// Lamprosybra
/ sulcata / Auriv. S / Det. Prof. C. Aurivillius. // 9892
/ E92 // NRM Sthim / Loan 1066/09, condition:
left antenna with 2 antennomeres, well preserved
otherwise, body size: 10.7 mm; Lamprosybra sulcata m.
fuscipennis ST (/ BMNH: Type [round label red edged] //
Tutu i la / Samoa // Pago Pago / 9-22-23 // Swezey & /
Wilder // Brit. Mus / 1928-25. // 143 // Lamprosybra
/ sulcata Auriv. / var. fuscipennis / Auriv. (/ / Det. Prof.
C. Aurivillius. // Typus [red label] // LECTOTYPUS /
Lamprosybra / fuscipennis / des. Skale & Weigel 2016,
hereby designated as lectotype, condition: right middle
leg missing, tomentation somewhat rubbed, body size:
10.6 mm.
Additional material: Lamprosybra sulcata IS
BMNH: Samoa Is, Upolu, Malololelei, Lamprosybra
sulcata Auriv. (/, Data unreliable, see Brit. Mus., 1949-
314. body size: 10 mm.
Rennarks: Aurivillius (1928) described the genus
Lamprosybra for nine specinnens (syntypes) fronn
the Sannoan Islands (BMNH/NHRS). Four syntypes
belong to the nonninative fornn L sulcata and
5 syntypes belong to S. sulcata v. fuscipennis.
Fronn the fornner we exannined 2 nnale syntypes
(BMHN/NHRS) and fronn the latter 1 nnale syntype
(BMNH). Based on our study, our opinion is that
the synonynny of Lamprosybra with Sybra according
Breuning (1960) is not justified. With respect to
the genus Sybra (Weigel & Skale 2009) based on
the diagnosis of Sybra stigmatica (Pascoe, 1859),
the genus Lamprosybra shows several differences
establishing its validity:
surface intensely glossy, partly with nnetallic
lustre
elytra with distinct costae, especially on the
posterior half
legs and antennae longer as in Sybra
endophallus without fibula (see Weigel & Skale
2009).
Aurivillius (1928) described S. sulcata v.
fuscipennis as a variety; according to ICZN (1999)
(Art. 45.6.4) it has subspecific rank. We consider
Lamprosybra fuscipennis stat. nov. as a distinct
species with the following differentiation fronn L
sulcata:
brown elytra according to Aurivillius (1928),
however the exannined specinnen has a nnetallic
lustre
white maculae on the elytra smaller, linearly
arranged maculae on the posterior half more
oblique
lateral margins of pronotum more rounded,
distinctly less punctured dorsally and without
yellowish longitudinal lines
elytra less parallel
scutellumtwiceaswideas long, posterior border
straight and completely without tomentum, in
L sulcata scutellum subquadrate, posterior
border somewhat acuminate (but this might be
a variable character) and with tomentum in the
middle
differences in male genitalic structures,
especially the tegmen (Plate 145 figs 4-9).
Aurivillius
(1928)
described
Oopsis
obtusipennis based on three specimens {23 &
1$) from Samoa (type locality: Tutuila: Pago Pago).
Judging from type pictures (HT in BMNH, 1 PT in
BPBM), this species is closely related to both of
the above mentioned species of Lamprosybra. L.
obtusipennis comb. nov. is very similar to L sulcata
and both species may eventually prove to be
conspecific. The pronotum has two narrow, yellow
longitudinal lines, the middle of the scutellum has
tomentum, the lateral margins of the pronotum
are rounded and the surface is strong punctured.
However, the body size is less (6-8 mm). The yellow
616
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
(plates 144-151)
maculae on the elytra are more extended. The
pronotum and elytra are covered with fine, white
adpressed hairs.
3. The genus Bityle Pascoe, 1865
Species catalogue of the genus Bityle (Plate 146
figs 1-9)
Bityle Pascoe 1865: 141
Cylindroplocia Heller, 1924: 205
Bityle bicolor Pascoe, 1865: 221
Bityle pseudobityle (Heller, 1924: 206) comb. nov.
crucifera Heller, 1924: 207 (nomen nudum)
Bityle basimaculata (Heller, 1924: 206) comb. nov.
teres Heller, 1924: 207 (nomen nudum)
Bityle alboscutellaris (Heller, 1924: 206) comb,
nov.
helleri Schwa rzer, 1931: 76 syn. nov.
Bityle modesta (Heller, 1924: 207) comb. nov.
modestior Breuning, 1960: 148 (nomen
novum) syn. nov.
Bityle albostictica (Breuning, 1960: 480) comb,
nov.
Diagnosis: Previously, Weigel & Skale (2009)
validated the genus Bityle Pascoe, 1865 with
the type species B. bicolor Pascoe, 1865. Heller
(1924) established the genus Cylindroplocia Heller,
1924, with the type species C. pseudobityle Heller,
1924, later synonymized by Breuning (1960) with
the genus Sybra. Despite Heller (1924) calling
his type species “pseudobityle” which could be a
reference to the genus Bityle, he simply compared
it with the genus Plocia Newman, 1842. According
to the examination of type material, we consider
Cylindroplocia and Bityle congeneric. The genus
Bityle currently has six valid species with a body
size range of 7-12 mm. Species are black with
a distinct white tomentum on the head, tibiae,
femora, tarsi and ventral side of the body. Surface
is completely bright (B. modesta) or covered with
bands and maculae. Elytra are parallel-sided and
are about 2.5 to 3 times as long as wide. Pronota
are subquadrate. Elytra are coarsely punctured.
Elytra have 10 distinct, punctate lines almost
attaining the apex, punctured somewhat irregularly
below humerus and around scutellum. The species
of Bityle can be distinguished from those of Sybra
as follows:
pronotum parallel-sided (except similar in a
couple of Sybra species, like S. elongatlssima
Breuning, 1939 orS. rouyerl Pic, 1938)
distinct white bands and maculae on the black
pronotal and elytral surface
7^^ and 8^^ antennomeres or additionally,
the apex of 6th and base of 9th to 10th
conspicuous white
dorsal surface of the tarsomeres white
tomentose
genae as long as inferior eye lobes, therefore
much longer than in most species of Sybra
frontal border of clypeus with long hairs
elytral apex spiniform (scarcely only by B.
bicolor)
endophallus without fibula (sensu Weigel &
Skale 2009).
Distribution: The type species, B. bicolor, occurs
on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, while all
others are distributed on the Philippine Islands
(Luzon, Mindanao).
Key to Bityle species
1 Surface uniformly white tomentose . B. modesta
- Elytra with distinct white lines or maculae . 2
2 Pronotum mostly white tomentose, elytra with four
white tomentose transverse lines, elytral apex slightly
acuminate . B. bicolor
- Pronotum bare or covered with white lines, elytral apex
obviously acuminate (this character is variable) . 3
3 Antennomeres 1-3 internally densely white tomentose,
pronotum with two white longitudinal lines, scutellum
densely white tomentose, below the lower eye lobes
strongly and extensively punctured ... B. alboscutellaris
- Antennomeres 1-3 internally without conspicuous
white tomentum, scutellum bare or slightly with white
tomentum, a series of rough punctures or less below the
lower eye lobes . 4
4 Antennomeres 6-11 white tomentose, elytra with
numerous small white maculae . B. albostictica
- Antennomeres 7-8 or additionally top of the 6th and
base 9th-10th white tomentose, elytra at least with two
white lines and larger macules . 5
5 Elytral base with white maculae, antennomeres 7-8
white tomentose . B. basimaculata
- Elytral base without maculae, antennomeres 7-8, base
of 9th and partly 10th white tomentose .
. B. pseudobityle
Bityle bicolor Pascoe, 1865: 221 (Plate 146 fig. 1)
Sybra bicolor Breuning, 1960: 147
Sybra bicolor nn. alboscutellata Breuning, 1958: 21
Type nnaterial: Both type specinnens were
previously exannined (see Weigel & Skale 2009).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Bityle pseudobityle (Heller, 1924) comb. nov.
(Plate 146 figs 2-3)
Cylindroplocia peudobityle Heller, 1924: 206
Cylindroplocia pseudobitile [nnisspelling] a.
crucifera Heller, 1924: 206 (nonnen nudunn) (Plate
146 fig. 3)
Sybra pseudobityle Breuning, 1960: 147
Sybra pseudobityle nn. crucifera Breuning, 1960:
147
Type nnaterial: Bityle pseudobityle HT $ SMTD: Mt.
Makiling/ Luzon, Baker// 2844 [handwritten] // [red
label] pseudobityle [handwritten] / typus // Staatl.
Museunn fur / Tierkunde, Dresden, condition: well
preserved, right antenna with only 3 antennonneres,
body size: 7.8 nnnn; Bityle pseudobityle ab. crucifera
HT $ SMTD: Mt. Makiling / Luzon, Baker // 8383
[handwritten] // [yellow label] 1924 / 6. // [red label]
crucifera [handwritten] / typus // Staatl. Museunn fur/
Tierkunde, Dresden, condition: connpletely preserved,
body size: 6.8 nnnn.
Additional nnaterial (9 spm): 1$ CVB [relatively
large 10.4 mm, scutellum white tomentose]: Filipines
S, Surigao del S, local collector: Mindanao, IV.2012; 1(5'
ZSM: Phil., 11.96, Panay, Sybra pseudobityle Hudepohl,
det. 1997 [body size: 8.1mm]; 1$ SNMS: Philippines:
Leyte, Visca N Baybay, cultiv. land., 1.3.1991, leg.
Schawaller et al., 1.3.1991, Sybra pseudobityle Hell.,
Hudepohl det. 199? [body size: 9.5 mm]; 3 spm SMTD:
Tacloban, Leite, P. I., Coll. W. Schultze, Ankauf 1942,
Staatl. Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden; 1(5' & 2$ SMTD
& CWW: Catanduanes, Virac, P. I., Coll. W. Schultze,
Ankauf 1942, Staatl. Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden
[body size: 7.4 mm/ 8.6 mm/ 10.2 mm].
Distribution: Philippines: Catanduanes, Leyte,
Luzon, Mindanao.
Size: 6.8-10.4 nnnn (Breuning 1964a: 7.5 mm).
Remarks: Underside completely white tomentose,
width-length ratio of pronotum: 1.09, lateral margin
straight; elytra width-length ratio: 2.8; scutellum
without white tomentum; the specimen described
as ab. crucifera (Plate 146 fig. 3) closely matches
the HT of 6. pseudobityle, the white maculae on
the elytra are somewhat different only and the
tomentum of the anterior part of the pronotum is
more distinct (somewhat rubbed on the HT of 6.
pseudobityle), antennae longer than body in both
sexes (9th antennomere extending beyond apex
of elytra) and antennomeres 7-8 with conspicuous
white tomentum).
Bityle basimaculata (Heller, 1924) comb. nov.
(Plate 146 fig 4-5)
Cylindroplocia basimaculata Heller, 1924: 206
Cylindrobityle [misspelling] basimaculata a. teres
Heller, 1924: 207 (nomen nudum) (Plate 146 fig. 5)
Sybra basimaculata Breuning, 1960: 147
Sybra basimaculata m. teres Breuning, 1960: 147
Type material: Bityle basimaculata HT (5' SMTD: Los
Banos / P. I. Baker// 1116 [handschriftlich] // [yellow
label] 1924/6.// [red label] basimaculata [handwritten]
/ typus // Staatl. Museum fur / Tierkunde, Dresden,
condition: well preserved, right antenna with only 8
antennomeres, body size: 8.5 mm; Bityle basimaculata
a. teres HT (5' SMTD: Mt. Makiling / Luzon, Baker //
[yellow label] 1924/6. // [red label] teres [handwritten]
/ typus // Staatl. Museum fur / Tierkunde, Dresden,
condition: completely preserved, body size: 7.2 mm.
Additional material: 2 spm SMTD & CWW: Luzon,
P. I., Montalban, Coll. W. Schultze, Ankauf 1942, Staatl.
Museum fur, Tierkunde, Dresden; 1(5' SMTD: without
data.
Distribution: Philippines: Luzon, Northern Luzon
(Vives 2015).
Size: 7.2-8. 5 mm (Breuning 1964a: 7-8.5 mm).
Remarks: Underside completely white tomentose,
width-length ratio of pronotum: 1.12; body a bit
longer than in 6. pseudobityle with elytra width-
length ratio: 2.97; elytral base each with a roundish
white macula; pro- and mesofemur somewhat
stouter than in B. pseudobityle, scutellum without
white tomentum; 7th, 8th and base of 9th
antennomeres with conspicuous white tomentum;
the specimen described as m. teres (Plate 146 fig.
5) with a slightly longer pronotum (width-length
ratio: 1.2) and different elytral tomentum, all other
features correspond to the HT of B. basimaculata.
Bityle alboscutellaris (Heller, 1924) comb. nov.
(Plate 146 figs 6-7)
Cylindroplocia alboscutellaris Heller, 1924: 206
Sybra alboscutellaris Breuning, 1960: 147
Cylindroplocia helleri Schwa rzer, 1931: 76 syn.
nov. (Plate 146 fig. 7)
Sybra helleri Breuning, 1960: 147
Type material: Cylindroplocia alboscutellaris HT $
SMTD: Zamboanga / Mindanao / Baker // [red label]
alboscutell??? [handwritten; last 3 letters illegible] /
typus // Staatl. Museum fur / Tierkunde, Dresden,
condition: well preserved, right antenna only with 9,
left antenna with only 3 antennomeres, body size: 8.9
mm; Cylindroplocia helleri HT (5' SMF: Momungan /
Mindanao // Typus [red label with black border] Col.
135 [handwritten at underside] // Cylindoplocia /
helleri Schwarzer/ det. Schwarzer 1930, condition: well
preserved, only right protarsus missing, body size: 7.3
mm.
Additional material: 1$ SMTD: Ankauf Muche,
618
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
(plates 144-151)
Staatl. Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden, body size: 7.8
mm.
Distribution: Philippines: Mindanao.
Size: 7.3-8. 9 nnnn (Breuning 1964a: 7.5-9 nnnn).
Rennarks: Ventral side connpletely white
tonnentose; each side of the pronotal disk with
a white tonnentose longitudinal line, scutellunn
contrasting white tonnentose; antennae not
reaching elytral apex in both sexes; internal sides of
antennonneres 1-4, entire antennonneres 7-8 and
base of 9th conspicuously white tonnentose; features
given in Schwarzer (1931) for differentiation of
both species B. helleri and 6. alboscutellaris are
incorrect or correspond to individual variations:
„kraftig punktiertes Halsschild, etwas andere
Form der Binden auf den Flugeldecken und nicht
vollstandig grau behaarte Fuhler, Kopf weiSlich
behaart“, slight differences (width-length ratio for
pronotunn and elytra) based on sexual dinnorphisnn;
following the connparison of the type specinnens of
B. alboscutellaris and B. helleri, we consider thenn
conspecific.
Bityle modesta (Heller, 1924) comb. nov. (Plate
146 fig. 8)
Cylindroplocia modesta Heller, 1924: 207
Sybra modestlor Breuning, 1960: 148 (nonnen
novunn) syn. nov.
Type material: Cylindroplocia modesta HT (5' SMTD:
Zamboanga/ Mindanao/Baker// 1924/ 6 [handwritten]
// C. modesta [handwritten] / typus [red label] // Staatl.
Museum fur/ Tierkunde, Dresden, condition: left foreleg
missing, left antenna only with one antennomere, body
size: 7.8 mm.
Additional material: Ic/ ISNB,3$ ISNB & CWW: coll.
I. R. Sc. N. B., Philippines, Mindanao, South Cotabato
Prov., Tasaday Res., MT Tasaday Libuta, 6°18’N,
124°33’E, 1220-1460m, X-XI/1990, I.G.28.419, Don
leg-Pascal Lays.
Distribution: Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao
(Heller 1924; Breuning 1964a).
Size: 6-7.8 nnnn (Breuning 1964a: 4. 5-7.5 mm).
Remarks: Whole body uniformly tomentose
whitish to light grey, tomentum not dense, black
body coloration visible through tomentum;
antennomeres 7-8 white tomentose; the nomen
novum given by Breuning (1960) is unnecessary.
Bityle albostictica (Breuning, 1960) comb. nov.
(Plate 146 fig. 9)
Sybra albostictica Breuning, 1960: 480
Type material: Sybra albostictica colour photograph
of the HT (ZMB) from the type locality: Philippines: Luzon,
Innugan.
Additional material (2 spms): IS CTO: May 2013,
Philippines, Dupax del sur, Nueva Vizcaya, col. Ismael,
Luzon; 1 spm CVT: Nueva Viscaya, North Luzon,
Philippines, January 2011, local collector.
Distribution: Philippines: Luzon.
Size: 10.8-12 mm (Breuning 1964a: 10.5 mm).
Remarks: Both examined specimens correspond
to the HT (ZMB) of this species according to the
available colour photograph. B. albostictica is the
largest species of the genus Bityle.
4. Neotype designation for Sybromimus obliquatus
Sybromimus obliquatus Breuning, 1940: 167
(Plate 147 figs 1-2)
According to Breuning (1940), the type
specimen with the type locality “Tonga Insein”
was deposited in the Museum of Hamburg (ZMH).
The major part of the entomological collection of
this museum was destroyed during World War
II. Therefore, the HT of Sybromimus obliquatus
is presumed destroyed. To define the species,
we hereby designate a neotype. A specimen
erroneously pictured as the “type” in the revision
of the Apomecynini (Breuning 1964a: plate vii
fig. 58) is deposited in the ZMB. We select this
female specimen as the neotype for Sybromimus
obliquatus (Plate 147 fig. 1) with the following label
data:
1. label: FJi
2. label: 41046
3. label: Feejee Isl. Thorey [big black label
handwritten with lead pencil]
4. label: Hist. Coll. (Coleoptera) / Nr. 41046 /
Prasnetha ? / spec. / Feejee Isl. Thorey / Zool. Mus.
Berlin [blue label with black borders]
5. label: Sybromimus/ obliquatus Breun./ Breuning
det.
6. label: NEOTYPUS / SYBROMIMUS / obliquatus /
des. Weigel & Skale 2016.
The neotype is well preserved and affixed with
glue onto a white paper card. The body size is 6.2
mm.
Description of the neotype
Size: 6.2 mm, width at humeri: 1.9 mm.
Body underside, head and pronotum dark brown,
otherwise light brown and whole body covered with
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
fine adpressed greyish to yellowish hairs; surface
dull glossy and finely shagreened.
Head: punctation coarse and nearly dense
except for antennal insertions and genae, inter-
punctational distances about the sanne as their
dianneters; frontal border of clypeus straight; frons
broader than high, with dense adpressed whitish
hairs, above and across with hair twisted or swirly;
eyes coarsely faceted; lower eye lobes squarish,
nearly as long as genae.
Antennae: light brown (probably faded), slightly
shorter than body; scape very short, about half
as long as 3rd antennomere, distinctly thickened
near middle; base of (4th) 5th-8th antennomeres
white tomentose; 3th antennomere the longest;
ratio of antennomeres: 0.56/ 0.15/ 1.0/ 0.96/
0.56/ 0.51/ 0.44/ 0.38/ 0.36/ 0.33/ 0.38; all
antennomeres with fine adpressed hairs, sparse
yellowish hairs and fringed beneath.
Pronotum: nearly squarish; whitish to yellowish
adpressed hairs partly swirly; length-width ratio:
0.92; lateral margin weakly rounded, scarcely
constricted before base; base straight; disc and
lateral very coarsely punctate, separation of
punctures usually less than their diameters; disc
with two longitudinal lines, diverging forward, and
continued at the base of each elytron, scarcely
tomentose between both whitish discal lines.
Elytra: length-width (base) ratio: 2.32; ratio base-
width/pronotal-width: 0.8; elytral punctures faintly
arranged in rows up to the apical third, roughly
punctured around scutellum, very finely punctate
back- and outwards and absent in the last third;
five flattened costae primarily in the discal area;
last elytral third with more distinct whitish hairs,
anterior border of macula obliquely directed
forward from suture to lateral margin; scutellum
broadly triangular, glossy and scarcely yellowish
tomentose; epipleura reaching nearly to end of 4th
sternite, scarcely hairy and impunctate; apex singly
rounded, very weakly, obliquely truncate.
Legs: light brown, apical part of tibia and tarsus
yellowish, with fine adpressed whitish and yellowish
hairs; femur thickened near middle; protibia slightly
sinuate internally; 1st tarsomere distinctly longer
than 2nd, 3rd about long as 1st and claws as long
as 1st to 3rd combined; 3rd tarsomere deeply
emarginate almost to base; hind femur extending
to end of 3rd sternite.
Ventral side (Plate 147 fig. 2): with scarcely
adpressed whitish and yellowish hairs; meso- and
metacoxa with rough punctures only laterally,
with separation greater than their diameters;
metepisterna, metepimera and anterior part of
the metacoxa with rough punctures; abdomen
dull and impunctate; 1st sternite distinctly longer
than 2"^ and 3'^, and 4th sternite shorter than 2nd,
hind border of 4th sternite almost semicircular
emarginate, 5th sternite longer than 3rd and 4th
together, strongly narrowed posteriorly, in middle of
hind border with a weak impression; head glabrous
and glossy beneath, anterior border and lateral
area with single rough punctures; procoxa closed
behind, prosternum extended posteriorly.
Remarks: S. obliquatus corresponds to the
genus Sybra Pascoe, 1865 in most morphological
features, thus, this species probably belongs to this
genus. Unfortunately there is no male specimen
available to examine the genitalic structures for
confirmation of generic placement. Therefore, at
this time, Sybromimus is a valid genus.
According to Breuning (1960; 1964a) Sybroides
howqua Dillon et Dillon, 1952 and S. obliquatus
are conspecific and consequently the monotypic
genus Sybroides Dillon et Dillon, 1952 is
synonymous with Sybromimus. However, based
on a colour photograph of the HT (BPBM), this
synonymy is unjustified. Due to a different shape
of the pronotum and a different elytral tomentum,
Sybroides howqua is easily distinguished from S.
obliquatus. At the moment the generic placement
is unclear and we revalidate this genus and species
herein:
Sybroides Dillon et Dillon, 1952: 93 stat. rev.
Sybroides howqua Dillon et Dillon, 1952: 93 stat.
rev.
5. Neotype designation for Sybra ochreoguttata
Sybra ochreoguttata Breuning, 1939: 261 (Plate
147 figs 3-11)
Sybra ochreoguttata was described by
Breuning (1939) for one specimen from the
Philippine island of Luzon (Laguna), and the HT was
deposited in the ZMH. Unfortunately, as with other
Sybra specimens deposited there, the holotype
is presumed destroyed. During our research, we
found a small number of specimens corresponding
to this distinctive species. A female specimen from
Mindanao (Philippines) deposited in the SMTD
has a handwritten label with “Sybra ochreoguttata
Br. Breuning det”. This specimen conforms well
with additional six specimens from the SMF in
all morphological features. Furthermore, the
comparison with the original description (Breuning
1939) has confirmed it as S. ochreoguttata. We
620
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
(plates 144-151)
now designate a nnale specinnen fronn the SMF
collection as the neotype fronn the type locality with
the following label data:
1. label: Vivac / S.O. Luzon
2. label: Coll. B. / Schwarzer
3. label: NEOTYPUS / Sybra / ochreoguttata
(Breuning 1939) / des. Skale & Weigel 2017.
The neotype is well preserved (the right
antenna has only 10 antennonneres and the right
metatarsus is missing the claw), and is affixed with
glue onto a white paper card. The body size is 9
mm. S. ochreoguttata has a close relationship to
Sybra alternans (Wiedemann, 1823) in external
morphological features as well as in the shape of
the fibula (see Weigel & Skale 2016).
Additional material (4 spms): 1(5' & 1$ SMF: Vavac
S.O. Luzon, Coll. B. Schwarzer; 1(5' SMF: Albay S. Luzon,
Coll. B. Schwarzer; 1(5' SMF: Mt. IsarogS. Luzon, Coll. B.
Schwarzer; (further 3 spms det. cf.): 1(5' SMF: Momungan
Mindanao , Coll. B. Schwarzer; 1$ SMTD: Mindanao,
Zamb. Zamboanga coll. W. Schultze, Coll. W. Schultze
Ankauf 1942, Staatl. Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden,
Sybra ochreoguttata Br. [handwritten] Breuning det.; 1$
CTO [det. cf.]: FEB 2013, Philippines, Mt. Matutum, S
Mindanao, col. Ismael, Mindanao.
Description of the neotype
Size: 9 mm, width at humeri: 2.3 mm.
Flead: Brown; maxillary palpus light brown, last
segment slender, pointed, distinctly longer than
the preceding; mandibles dark brown, basal part
distinctly yellowish tomentose; clypeus brown,
slightly lighter than frons, anterior border straight;
frons wide, between eyes stramineous tomentose,
this pubescence forward-facing, feebly glossy and
very finely punctate between, with single larger
punctures in the area between the antennal
insertion and the upper eye lobe particularly; lower
eye lobes squarish, distinctly longer than genae;
genae impunctate, with yellowish hairs below lower
eye lobes.
Antennae: Brown, about long as body, scape
cylindrical, distinctly thickened in middle; distinctly
brownish tomentose; 4th antennomere the longest;
ratio for antennomeres: D.51/ D.15/ D.84/ 1.00/
0.70/ 0.67/ 0.59/ 0.49/ D.43/ D.35/ D.39.
Pronotum: Brown, length-width (middle) ratio:
D.8; base without margin, lateral margin regularly
rounded; impunctate on narrow basal and apical
strip, otherwise uniformly and less roughly punctate,
inter-punctational distances slightly wider than
their diameters; surface dull, shagreened and with
dense adpressed brownish tomentum.
Elytra: Brown; parallel-sided, straightened from the
posterior third; length-base width ratio: 2.6; ratio
base width-pronotal width: 1.2; distinctly punctate
in rows, which are absent apically, irregularly
punctate around the scutellum; surface dull, dense
adpressed brownish tomentose; the 7th punctured
interstice with a large distinctly yellowish-ochre
macula, slightly behind middle, furthermore with
single, small white tomentose maculae (see Plate
147 fig. 3), two maculae in the basal half (3rd
and 8th interstices) and one apical macula (3rd
interstice) more distinct; scutellum wider than long,
posteriorly rounded, yellowish tomentose; apex
acuminate (wide triangularly), obliquely truncate
inwards; epipleura slender, but very slender at
elytral apex.
Legs: Brown, with adpressed whitish hairs;
femora thickened at middle, profemur stouter;
protibia slightly arcuate, distinctly thickened at
apical half; mesotibia almost straight, apically with
distinct groove, these with thick stramineous hairs;
metatibia straight, apically with short stramineous
spiny crest; tarsus short, with sparse, greyish hairs;
1st and 2nd tarsomeres of almost same length,
3rd tarsomere slightly longer; claws about long as
remaining tarsomeres together.
Ventral side: Brown, light brownish to whitish
tomentose, hind borders of sternites lighter
tomentose; metepimera, metepisterna and edges
of the metacoxa with rough punctures;
Genitalia: aedeagus slender and parallel-sided,
apex triangularly narrowed (Plate 147 figs 6-7);
tegmen (Plate 147 fig. 5); 8th tergite (Plate 147
fig. 4); fibula (Plate 147 figs 8-10) with a distinct
acuminate extension in lateral view.
Range of variation: There is a variation in the
number, size and colour (whitish to yellowish) of
the small white elytral maculae. Specimens from
Mindanao (see above) with the abbreviated labels
of “det. cf.” correspond well with the neotype of this
species except they have a yellowish elytral macula.
The tomentum on the pronotum can be uniformly
brownish (neotype) or on each side of disc there is
a yellowish annular macule (see Plate 147 fig. 11).
The acuminate extension at the fibula (lateral view)
may be more distinct like in a male from Mindanao
(see Plate 147 fig. 10).
Distribution: S. ochreoguttata is distributed on
the Philippine islands of Luzon and Mindanao.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
6. New synonymies and combinations
Sybra baculina Bates, 1866: 352 (Plate 148 figs
1-3)
Sybra ishigakii Breuning et Ohbayashi, 1964: 28
syn. nov. (Plate 148 figs 2-3)
Atimura fulva Schwarzer, 1925: 145 syn. nov.
Sybra fulva Holzschuh et Lin, 2015: 106
Type nnaterial: Sybra baculina HT $ MNHN: Sybra /
baculina / Bates / Fornnosa [all handwritten] // TYPUS
[red label], condition: poorly preserved, tonnentunn
partly rubbed, left protarsus and left antenna nnissing,
left nnesotarsus without claw, body size: 5.5 nnnn; Sybra
ishigakii colour photograph of the HT (EUMJ): Takeda, Is.
Ishigaki / 3, V. 1963 / Y. Arita leg// Holotype [red label]
// Sybra / ishigaki / nnihi Typ / Breuning det., condition:
well preserved; Sybra ishigakii PT $ ISNB: Coll. R. I. Sc.
N. B. / Japon: [affixed] Takeda, Is. Ishigaki / 3, V.1963
/ Y. Arita leg. // Sybra / ishigakii / Breun. et. Ohb. /
Breuning det. [affixed on white card] cf. Bull. Japan Ent.
/Acad. 1964, 1, 6: 28 [further affixed label] Para-/ type
[red label, printed], condition: left nnesotarsus without
claw, left antenna, right nnesotibia and -tarsus are glued
beside the specinnen, body size: 4.1 nnnn; Atimura fuiva
colour photograph of the HT $ SDEI (see also Holzschuh
& Lin 2015).
Additional nnaterial (4spnns): 1$ CYR: Japan Ishigaki
Isl., Mt. Nosoko, 8.-9.July 2006, lY; !(/ CWW: Japan
Ishigaki Isl., Kabira, 11.-12. July 2006, lY; 1$ ZSM:
Japan, Prefecture: Okinawa, Iromote Island, 1.VI.1974,
Igt. Hata, Sybra (Sybra) pascoei ishigakii Breuning &
Ohbay. 1964; !(/ CWW: Japan, Prefecture: Okinawa,
Ishigaki Island, Mount Omoto, 27.VI.1987.
Exannination of the HT (EUMJ) and a fennale PT
(ISNB) of S. ishigakii has shown that this species
is conspecific with S. baculina, based on external
morphological features. A colour photograph of
the female HT of Atimura fulva confirms that this
species also agrees well with S. baculina, and we
consider to be also conspecific.
It was noticed during the study of species
closely related to S. baculina that this species was
obviously misinterpreted. Hubweber et al. (2010),
among others, place S. Ishigakii as a subspecific
taxon to S. pascoei Lameere, 1893. The same
holds true for S. okinawana Breuning et Ohbayashi,
1967 and S. pascoei talwanella Gressitt, 1951.
However these taxa are associated with S.
baculina or even conspecific with this species.
Currently, no clarification is possible. Several times
the first author of this work obtained material
from Japan determined as S. baculina which in
reality belongs to S. mimogemlnata Breuning
et Ohbayashi, 1964. Obviously Hayashi (1972)
misinterpreted S. baculina because he placed
six taxa as subspecific to S. baculina {miyakoana
Hayashi 1972, omoro Hayashi, 1972, nipponensis
Hayashi, 1972, musashinol Breuning et Chujo,
1790, carinatipennis Breuning et Chujo, 1970,
oshimana Breuning, 1958). Those taxa are related
to S. mimogemlnata or S. pascoei but their current
status needs clarification. Furthermore Hayashi
(1972) places S. mimogemlnata as a subspecies
of S. baculina. With regard to S. baculina, these
two species (S. mimogemlnata and S. pascoei)
are distinctly different. Moreover, according to
Breuning (1964a) and also Hubweber et al.
(2010), S. macullclunis Matsushita, 1931 and S.
baculina are conspecific. Certainly S. macullclunis
(according to a colour photograph of the HT) is
associated with S. posticalls Pascoe, 1858 or both
are even conspecific. A reliable decision can only
be determined through the study of type material.
There has been great confusion in the literature in
recent decades within this species complex, and
the study of the type material is essential.
Sybra borneotica Breuning, 1939: 256 (Plate 148
figs 4-5)
Apomecyna borneotica Breuning, 1982: 142 syn.
nov.
Type nnaterial: Sybra borneotica HT $ BMNH: Borneo
Kina Balu // Fry Coll. / 1905.100. // Sybra / borneotica
/ nnihi Typ / det. Breuning// Type.
Condition of the HT: Tonnentunn almost completely
rubbed, left antenna with 6 antennomeres and right
antenna with only one antennomere, body size: 7.5
mm; Apomecyna borneotica colour photograph from the
HT (EUMJ): (BORNEO IS.) / Poling nr. Ranau / Sabah,
Malaysia. / 27.IV.1980 / M. & A. Sakai // TYPE [red label]
// Apomecyna / borneotica [green, both handwritten] /
Breuning det. // Apomecyna / borneotica nov. [printed],
condition: well preserved.
Additional material (30 spms): IS CMI: Bukit
Soeharto, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, 08.111.1999,
H. Makihara leg., LIGHT TRAP 60-0; 16' CSH: Bukit
Soeharto, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, 29.VII.1999, H.
Makihara leg., Artocarpussp., Tower 30m; 1$ CMI: Bukit
Soeharto, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, 22.111.2000,
H. Makihara Leg., Artocarpus sp.; 1 cf. $ CMI: Kutai
National Park, E. Kalimantan, 10-12. ix. 2000, Sugiarto
leg.; 1(6 CSH (Plate 148 fig. 5): Fog A62/F2, 20.1.1993,
IF, body size: 8.6 mm; 2(6 JMU: Bergil, My [Malaysia]
SW3 N6,17.204, E116 42.305, V. pinnata, B8 F2, IF
10.3.1997; 1$ JMU: Poring Hot Springs, My [Malaysia],
N6 03.458, E116 42.208, Xanthophyiium tenue 3, IF,
09.08.2009; 1$ JMU: Kinabalu Park, 6°5’N, 116°33’E,
Sorinsim III, 40yr, Bergil 10, 8.3.97, IF; 1(6 JMU: Kinabalu
Park, 6°5’N, 116°33’E, Sorinsim III, 40yr, Bergil 4,
622
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
(plates 144-151)
6.3.97, IF; 26', 1$ CSH & JMU: same, Bergil 1, 5.3.97,
IF; 1(6 & 3$ JMU: same, Bergil 6, 7.3.97, IF; 1(6 JMU:
same, Bergil 5, 7.3.97, IF; 3(6 & 1$ CSH & JMU: same,
Bergil 8, 8.3.97, IF; 1(6 & 4$ JMU: same, Sorinsim SW
II, 15Years, Bergil 9, 2.3.97, IF; 1(6 JMU: Kinabalu, PHS
Garden, 6°5’N, 116°3’E, MY [Malaysia], Nephelium
lappaceum, IF, 22.2.(20)01. 1(6 CSH: Kinabalu Park,
Sorinsim SW I, 5Years, Bergil 11, 12.3.97, IF; 1$ JMU:
Kinabalu Park,Sorinsim SW II, 15Years, Bergil 8, 2.3.97,
IF.
Rennarks: The exannination of the fennale type
specinnen of S. borneotica and the connparison with
the colour photograph of the HT of A. borneotica has
shown the two species are conspecific. Therefore
A. borneotica is a junior synonynn of S. borneotica.
S. borneotica is related to S. inanis Pascoe, 1865
(see also Weigel & Skale 2011). Based on external
nnorphology this species group is very unifornn;
species can be differentiated by their unique fibula.
Sybra fuscovittipennis Breuning, 1975: 161
Sybra baioghi Breuning, 1975: 162 syn. nov.
Type material: Sybra fuscovittipennis HT $ HNHM:
NEW GUINEA NE/ Baiyer River Sanctuary / 1-5.IX.1969.
/ No. NGB-U.22. / leg. Dr. J. Balogh // Holotypus 1974
/ Sybra / fuscovittipennis Breuning // HOLOTYPE //
Sybra / fuscovittipennis / mihi Typ / Breuning det.,
condition: tomentum well preserved, right antenna with
8 antennomeres, right middle leg without claw, body
size: 5 mm; Sybra baioghi HT $ HNHM: NEW GUINEA NE
/ Baiyer River Sanctuary / 1-5.IX.1969. / No. NGB-U.22.
/ leg. Dr. J. Balogh // Holotypus 1974 / Sybra / baioghi
Breuning // HOLOTYPE // Sybra / baioghi / mihi Typ /
Breuning det., condition: well preserved, right antenna
with 10 antennomeres, body size: 6.5 mm.
Rennarks: The exannination of both holotype
specimens in the HNHM bythe co-author has shown
both species are morphologically not differentiated
and are therefore conspecific. Consequently S.
baioghi is a Junior synonym of S. fuscovittipennis.
This is again an important example of insufficient
examination of collection material by Breuning.
He described two species using almost the same
text, from two specimens from the same locality,
collected on the same dates, and published them
immediately next to each other.
Sybra latiuscula Aurivillius, 1927: 23 (Weigel &
Skale 2011)
Sybra guamensis Iwata, 1993: 151 syn. nov. [nec
Breuning: 1976] (Plate 148 figs 6-7)
Type material: Sybra latiuscula LECTOTYPUS (6
USNM: Island Sibuyan / Baker// 8635 [handwritten] //
Typus [printed] // 181 [printed] // Sybra / latiuscula /
Auriv’27 Auriv [handwritten] // BLNO 000976 [light blue,
printed] // LECTOTYPUS / Sybra / latiuscula / Aurivillius,
1927 / des. Skale & Weigel 2011, condition: tomentum
somewhat damaged, left protarsus without claw, body
size: 12.8 mm; Sybra guamensis PTs 1(6 & 1$ NUK
(Plate 148 figs 6-7): Turnon Beach / Guam, USA / 1991.
XII.22 / leg. R. Iwata // [PARATYPE] / Sybra (s.str.) /
guamensis / IWATA, 1992 (6 or $ // Sybra / latiuscula /
Aurivillius, 1927 / rev. Skale & Weigel, 2013.
Additional material (see also Weigel & Skale 2011)
(19 spms): 2(6 & 2$ CZW: Philippinen: Luzon, Cam. Sur,
LupiSooc, at light, 9.-15.3.2004, leg. Zettel&Pangantihon
(379); 1$ CZW: Philippines: Cebu City Talamban, USC
22.3.2006, leg. C. Pangantihon (P221); 1$ CZW:
Philippinen: Carnarines Sur, Lupi, Sooc 29.2.2004, leg.
C. Pangantihon (P48); 1(6 CZW: Philippinen: Batangas
Bauan, San Pedro 21.5.2004, leg. C. Pangantihon (P98);
1(6 CZW: Philippinen: S. Luzon Carnarines Sur, Lupi Sooc,
26-28.4.2008, leg. C. Pangantihon (P235); 1$ CZW:
Philippinen: Luzon, Carnarines Sur, N SipocotSooc, 18.-
22.2.2001 leg. H. Zettel (273); 1$ CZW: Philippinen :
Luzon, Cam. Sur, Lupi Sooc, 18-23.2.2004, leg. H. Zettel
& C. Pangantihon (374); 1(6 CZW: Philippinen: Luzon,
Carnarines Sur, Lupi Sooc, Lichtfang, 10.2.2003, leg.
H. Zettel (336); 1(6 CZW: Philippinen: Luzon, Carnarines
Sur, Lupi, Sooc, village, at light etc., 6.-11.3.2006 leg.
H. Zettel (441); 1(6 & 1$ CZW: Philippines: Carnarines
Sur Lupi, Sooc, light trap 7.12.2009, leg. C. Pangantihon
(P343); 1(6 CZW: Philippinen: Carnarines Sur, Lupi, Sooc,
25.-27.3.2004, leg. C. Pangantihon (P64); 1(6 CZW:
Philippines: Carnarines Sur Lupi, Sooc light trap lOOm
, 22.-27.2.2008 leg. H. Zettel (511); 1$ SMF: Mt. Isarog
Luzon; 1(6 & 1$ CTO: APR 2013: Philippines Central
Visayas col. Ismael Negros.
Remarks: The HT (6 (NSMT, with data: GUAM,
Turnon Beach, 22 Dec 1991, R. Iwata) couldn’t be
examined but comes from the same sampling as
the referenced paratypes (Iwata 1993). The studied
pa retypes of S. guamensis correspond with S.
/at/L/scL//ainallmorphologicalfeatures.Furthermore,
a study of male genitalia, and additionally, the
comparison with material of S. iatiuscuia from the
Philippines (Luzon) has confirmed the synonomy of
both. Therefore S. guamensis is a Junior synonym of
S. iatiuscuia. Certainly Iwata (1993) was not aware
of S. iatiuscuia because of its former synonymy with
S. aiternans (Wiedemann, 1823).
Sybra marcida Pascoe, 1865: 200 (Plate 149 figs
1-5)
Sybra intorta Breuning, 1939: 247 syn. nov.
Sybra papuana Breuning, 1939: 247 syn. nov.
(Plate 149 fig. 2)
Sybra pseudogeminata Breuning, 1939: 247 syn.
nov.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Type nnaterial: Sybra marcida HT S BMNH: Sybra
marcida, Pasc. Sylee [handwritten] / Pascoe Coll. 93-6
[printed on underside]//Saylee [blue, oval-shaped label]
// Type [white label with red border] // Sybra nnarcida
Type Pasc [handwritten], condition: well preserved,
only the tonnentunn slightly rubbed, body size: 7 nnnn;
Sybra papuana HT $ BMNH: N. Guin Moari. [Mt. Moari
near Oransbari in the Arfak Mountains] [handwritten]
// Sybra papuana nnihi Typ det. Breuning // Fry Coll.
1905.100. // 21223 [handwritten] // Type [round label
with red borders], condition: well preserved, only the
right nnetatarsus is lost, body size: 7.5 nnnn; Sybra intorta
HT (BMNH) from the type locality: W-Papua: Dorey; Sybra
pseudogeminata HT (BMNH) from the type locality:
W-Papua: Geelvinck Bay.
Additional material (12 spms): WESTERN PAPUA:
1$ CWW: W-PAPUA Manokwari Pr. Manokwari, Gunung
Meja Reserve, 200m, 0°50”4’S, 134°04”4’E,
01.111.2007, IW, prim. Forest [spm compared with the
HT of S. intorta in the BMNH]; 16' & 1$ CSH: W-Papua
Manokwari Pr., vie. Mokwam (Siyoubrig), 1400-1800 m,
01°06’26”S, 134°51’4rE, 24.-28.II.2007, IS; 2(6 &
1$ CSH: W-PAPUA, Manokwari Prov., 18 km NE Ransiki,
Oransbari, 01°21.05’S 134°12.46’E, 02.-06.III.2007,
cutting area, IS; 1(6 CWW: W-PAPUA, Manokwari Pr.,
14 km NE Ransiki, Warbiati (Oransbari), 01°18.25’S,
134°14.14’E, 02.111.2007, cutting area, IW; 1(6 CWW:
W-PAPUA, Manokwari Prov., 6 km N Manokwari, Desa
Pami, 160 m, 0°48.34’S, 134°03.15’E, 09.111.2007, IW;
1$ CMS: INDONESIA, Oriental Yapen Is., 20km W Serui,
Dec. 2006, 0. Mehl leg., Yapen Serui and vie., 01.52.114
S, 136.14.189 E; 1(6 CMS: INDONESIA Or., Yapen Is., 30
km NE Serui, Dec. 2006, 0. Mehl leg., Yapen NE Serui,
01.47.418 S, 136.18.131 E; 1$ CYR: Duebey Vil., Arafak
Mt., Irian Jaya, Indonesia, 10.-15 March 2008, lY; PAPUA
NEW GUINEA: 1(6 CWW: PNG: New Ireland b., 5km SW
Fangalawa Tesin, 100m, 02°53’22”S, 151°09’46”E,
11.111.2000. Kulturland, IW.
Rennarks: The exannination of the fennale HT of
S. papuana has shown it is conspecific with S.
marcida. Differences in the tonnentunn are typical
variations of S. marcida. Type specinnens of both S.
intorta and S. pseudogeminata were studied in the
BMNH and conn pa red with S. marcida by the first
author. As a result, the synonynny of both species
with S. marcida could be confirnned.
S. marcida has a wide range of variation (see Plate
149 figs 1-3). Furthernnore this species is quite
different in sonne nnorphological features fronn the
genus Sybra. In the future, this species should be
placed in a separate genus. All tibia are covered
with single long whitish hairs, nnales have a distinct
dentate extension slightly above the nniddle of
the internal side of the nnesotibia, and the whole
endophallus contains a long “cord-shaped” sclerite
(Plate 149 fig. 5). An additional species in this
group is Sybra tricoloripennis Breuning, 1961 from
the Indonesian island of Sulawesi.
Sybra mindorensis Aurivillius, 1927: 25 (Plate
148 figs 8-9)
Sybra mindoroensis Breuning, 1964: 246
[misspelling]
Sybra alternans m. discomaculata Breuning, 1950:
268 [nomen nudum]
Sybra discomaculata Breuning, 1950 (Breuning
1964b: 309)
Type material: Sybra mindorensis HT $ NHRS:
Calapan / Mindoro // Typus [red label] // 9974 E92 -i-,
condition: tomentum well preserved, right middle leg is
missing, body size: 9.3 mm.
Additional material (20 spms): 1$ CZW: Luzon,
Camarines Sur, N Sipocot Sooc, 29.1. - 10.2.2002,
var. collectors (305); 1(6 CVB: Philippines, Laguna I.,
Lumawig leg., S. Luzon, VI-2003; 3(6, 2$ CZW, CSH &
CWW: Philippinen: Luzon, Cam. Sur, Lupi, Sooc, dam
area, 14.3.2004, leg. Zettel & C. Pangantihon (380); 3(6
& 1$ SMF: Vivac, SO. Luzon; 1$ CZW: Philippinen: Luzon,
Camarines Sur, N Sipocot Sooc, 18.- 22.2.2001, leg. H.
Zettel (273); 2(6 CZW: Philippinen: Camarines Sur, Lupi,
Sooc, dam, 16.3.2004, I. L. Vichozo & C. Pangantihon
(P59); 1(6 & 2$ SMF: Calapan, Mindoro; 1$ ZSM:
Philippines, Negros BV. VII. 85, Sybra densemarmorata
Br., Hudepohl det. 1993; 1$ CZW: Philippines: Cebu, City
Talamban, USC 24.1.2006, leg. C. Pangantihon (P217);
1(6 USNM: Surigao, Mindanao, Baker, 172, Sybra sp.
Auriv’27.
Remarks: The taxon “discomaculata" is not a
nomen nudum (see also Weigel & Skale 2016).
The suspected synonymy with S. mindorensis
was confirmed through a colour photograph
from the NHRS (kindly provided by L. Dembicky)
(see also remarks under S. ochreovittipennis).
S. mindorensis can be easily distinguished from
S. ochreovittipennis by numerous small white
maculae on the elytral surface, four maculae in the
3rd elytral interstice are always particularly distinct.
Furthermore, the black elytral macula is bordered by
white spots at both sides. Sybra ochreovittipennis
has only one white macula in the 3rd interstice on
the anterior third of the elytron.
Sybra ochreovittipennis Breuning, 1964: 68
(Plate 149 figs 6-8)
Sybra samarana Breuning, 1970: 646 syn. nov.
(Plate 149 fig. 7)
Type material: Sybra ochreovittipennis HT $ SMTD:
Samar/ Borongan/ coll. W. Schultze// Coll. W. Schultze
/ Ankauf 1942 // Staatl. Museum / fur Tierkunde /
624
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
(plates 144-151)
Dresden // Typus // Sybra / ochreovittipennis / mihi
Typ / Breuning det., condition: well preserved, right
antenna with 10 antennomeres, body size: 10 mm;
Sybra samarana HT $ MNHN: Samar/ VI. VII. [18]96. /
J. Whit[e]head. // TYPE // Sybra / samarana / mihi Typ
/ Breuning det., condition: tomentum mostly rubbed off,
leftantenna missing, rightantenna with 4 antennomeres,
body size: 9.9 mm; Sybra alternans discomaculata HT $
(USNM, Plate 149 fig. 8): Philippinen / Leyte . // Sybra
$ / alternans/ m. discomaculata mihi /det. Breuning//
$ TYPE [red label] // BLNO 000961 [blue printed label],
condition: tomentum well preserved, right middle leg
missing, body size: 9.5 mm.
Additional material (12 spms): 2(5' & 1$ SMF:
Buranen Luzon, Coll. B. Schwarzer; 1(5' DEI: Taelobang,
Leyte, Phil., G. Boettcher coll.. A, Heyne ded., Dtsch.
Entomol. Institut Berlin; 3$ SMF: Philippinen, Leyte .
Coll. B. Schwarzer; 1(5' SMNS: Philippines, Leyte, Visca N,
Baybay, cultiv. land, 1991, leg. Schawaller & al., 1.3.91,
Sybra ochreovittipennis Br., Var.?, Hudepohl det. 1993;
1(5' SMNS: Philippines, Leyte, Visca N, Baybay, 1991,
sec. forest, 100-200 m, leg. Schawaller & al., 21.2.91,
Sybra . punctata Fish., Hudepohl det. 1993; 1$
CZW: Philippinen: Leyte, Baybay, LSU, 50m, Lago-Lago
Riv., 19.3.2005, leg. H. Zettel & Pangantihon (421); 1$
MNHN: Philipp Semper, 1214, Museum Paris, Coll. H.
W. Bates, 1952; 1$ SMF: Cabuntug S iargao. Coll. B.
Schwarzer.
Rennarks: The taxa “discomaculata" is not a
nonnen nudunn (see Weigel & Skale 2C16), because
it was elevated by Breuning (1964b) to species level
(ICZN 1999) (art. 45.6.4.1). The fennale specinnen
exannined fronn the USNM is not the holotype of
this taxon. According to Breuning (195C), the type
nnaterial is preserved in NHRS with the following
data: HT fronn Luzon: Mt. Banahao; PTs: Luzon,
Ripong, Vivac and Mindanao: Butuan. Therefore,
this species could not be verified, however a
suitable colour photograph of the HT (NHRS) is
available, kindly provided by L. Dennbicky (Brno,
Czech Republic) (see also under S. mindorensis).
The label data of this supposed HT fronn the USNM
coincides exactly with three fennale specinnens
preserved in SMF. Probably this specinnen was
acquired fronn SMF and later labelled as holotype.
Furthernnore Breuning’s original label with the
designation for a holotype is nnissing.
After nnorphological exanninations, the poorly
preserved HT of S. samarana (MNHN), the
“discomaculata" specinnen designated by
Breuning as HT (USNM) and the HT of S.
ochreovittipennis (SMTD) correspond to each other.
All three exannined specinnens are conspecific,
subsequently S. samarana is a junior synonynn of
S. ochreovittipennis.
S. ochreovittipennis belongs to the Sybra alternans-
group (see also Weigel & Skale 2C16) distributed
with nunnerous species on the Philippine Islands,
all of thenn very difficult to differentiate.
Sybra porcellus Pascoe, 1865: 211 (Weigel &
Skale 2C11) (Plate 149 fig. 9, plate 15C fig. 1)
Sybra obliquevittata Breuning, 1939: 258
Sybra proximata Breuning, 1942: 149 syn. nov.
(Plate 149 fig. 9)
Sybra proximatoides Breuning, 1966: 258
Sybra submodesta Breuning, 197C: 646
Type material: Sybra porcellus HT $ BMNH: see also
Weigel & Skale 2011; Sybra proximata HT (5' BMNH:
Type [white label with red borders] // N.W. Borneo /
95-226 // Sybra / proximata / mihi Typ / det. Breuning
[handwritten], condition: tomentum well preserved, left
antenna with 7 antennomeres, left pro- and metatarsus
without claws, right protarsus only with one tarsomere,
body size: 12 mm.
Additional material (see also Weigel & Skale
2011) (21 spms): PHILIPPINES: 1(5' CSH: PHILIPPINEN,
Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya Prov., Loc. Coll., 10.2010; 1(5'
CVB: Philippinen-N, Sierra Madre, loc. Collector, Aurora
- Luzon, VII. 2008; 1 spm (SMF): Vivac S.C. Luzon, Coll.
B. Schwarzer; 2 spms SMF: Arorey Philippin., Coll. B.
Schwarzer; 2 spms (SMF): Pt Bango Mindanao, Coll.
B. Schwarzer; 1 spm SMF: Tabaco S, C Luzon, Coll.
B. Schwarzer; 2 spms SMF: Buranen, Luzon, Coll. B.
Schwarzer; 1$ SMF: N. Palawan, Binaluan, Nov.-Dez.
1913, leg. G. Boettcher, Coll. B. Schwarzer; 1$ SMF:
N. Palawan, Bacuit, Dezember 1913, leg. G. Boettcher,
Coll. B. Schwarzer; 1 spm SMF: Basilan, Philippin., Coll.
B. Schwarzer; SULAWESI: 1(5' (Plate 150 fig. 1, body
size: 10.2 mm) & 1$ CWW: INDONESIA N-Sulawesi 1
km WToraut, Dumoga Bone NP 200-300m, 0°34’17”N,
123°54’19”E 02.11.2006, IW; 1(5' CSH: INDONESIA
N Sulawesi, 1 km W Toraut, 200m, 0°33’49”N,
123°54’38”E, 02.11.2006, IS, clearing at riverside; 1(5'
BMNH: INDONESIA: SULAWESI UTARA, Dumoga-Bone
N.P., December 1985, R. Ent. Soc. Lond. PROJECT
WALLACE, B.M. 1985-10, Fog 26, 230m, 2.xii. 85,
BMNH Plot A, TRAY 83; 1(5' BMNH: same data, 14-21
August 1985, Plot B, ca 300m Lowland forest. Malaise
trap up tree; 1 spm BMNH: same data, July 1985, Fog
13, 230m, ll.vii. 85, BMNH, Plot A, TRAY 105; 1 spm
BMNH: same data, TRAY 91; 1 spm BMNH: same data,
TRAY 106; 1 spm BMNH: same data, TRAY 1116.
Rennarks: Based upon external nnorphological
features, both species S. porcellus and S. proximata
agree with each other, subsequently we consider
thenn conspecific. Therefore S. proximata is a Junior
synonynn of S. porcellus. Because of the fragile
condition of the type specinnen of S. proximata, the
genitalia were not exannined.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Sybra sexguttata Breuning, 1939: 259 (Plate 150
figs 2-3)
Sybra postalbomarmorata Breuning, 1964: 68syn.
nov. (Plate 150 fig. 3)
Type nnaterial: Sybra sexguttata HT (5' BMNH: Type
[round, white label with red borders) // Philippines:
Mindanao/ Davao C.F.Baker.// Brit. Mus. 1924-486//
6734 // Sybra / sexguttata / nnihi Typ / det. Breuning.,
condition: tonnentunn well preserved, right nniddle leg is
missing and both antennae with only 10 antennomeres,
body size: 10.5 mm; Sybra postalbomarmorata HT (/
SMTD: Mindanao, Davao / Davao / coll. W. Schultze
// Typus // Coll. W. Schultze / Ankauf 1942 // Staatl.
Museum fur / Tierkunde, Dresden // Sybra post- /
albomarmorata / mihi Typ / Breuning det., condition:
tomentum not well preserved, right metatarsus with only
2 tarsomeres, body size: 9.5 mm.
Additional material: PT $ MNHN: Mindanao,
Davao., Sybra 6 - guttata mihi Paratyp [handwritten]
det. Breuning, PARATYPE, condition: tomentum strong
rubbed, both posterior legs missing, body size: 10 mm.
This examined pa retype specimen does not belong to
the type series. Breuning (1939) described S. sexguttata
from one specimen (BMNH) only.
Rennarks: S. sexguttata belongs to the Sybra
incana group (Skale & Weigel 2014). Nunnerous
species of this group occur in the Philippines, which
are very sinnilar externally and the differentiation is
difficult. Based on exanninations of the nnentioned
type nnaterial, we consider both species to be
conspecific, consequently S. postalbomarmorata is
a junior synonynn of S. sexguttata.
Falsepilysta ochraceomaculata (Schwarzer,
1931) (Plate 150 figs 4-5)
Plocia ochraceomaculata Schwarzer, 1931: 73
Falsepilysta ochraceomaculata Breuning. 1960:
139
Falsepilysta vitticollis Breuning, 1940: 427
(Breuning 1949: 20)
Inermomulciber schultze! Breuning, 1974: 39
(Honnonoeini) syn. nov. (Plate 150 fig. 5)
Piocia affinis (Breuning & Villiers, 1983) syn. nov.
Mimopiocia affinis Breuning et Villiers, 1983: 15
Piocia affinis Tavakilian et Jiroux, 2015: 78
Type material: Falsepilysta ochraceomaculata
HT $ SMF: Mt. Polls / Luzon / / Typus [red label with
black borders] / Col. 133 [at underside] // Piocia /
ochraceomaculata / det. Schwarzer 1930 Schwarzer
/ Typus ! [cross ahead], condition: left antenna with 8
and right antenna with 3 antennomeres, right protarsus
without claw, left metatarsus with only one tarsomere,
body size: 14.1 mm; PT $ SMF: Hightsplan / Luzon
/ / Para- / typus [red label with black borders] / Col.
133G [at underside] // Piocia / ochraceomaculata
/ det. Schwarzer 1930 / Para-/ typus ! [cross ahead],
condition: completely preserved, body size: 13.2 mm;
Inermomulciber schultzel HT (/ SNSD: Luzon / Benguet/
Mt. Pawai, 2400m / coll. W. Schultze// coll. W. Schultze
/ Ankauf 1942 // Piocia n. sp. / det. W. Schultze. / TYPE
[red label] / Staatl. Museum fur / Tierkunde, Dresden
// Inermomulciber / schultzei mihi Typ / Breuning det.,
condition: completely preserved, body size: 11.4 mm;
Inermomulciber schultzel PT (/ SNSD: Luzon / Benguet/
Mt. Pawai, 2400m / coll. W. Schultze// coll. W. Schultze
/Ankauf 1942// PARATYPE [red label] /Staatl. Museum
fur / Tierkunde, Dresden // Inermomulciber / schultzei
mihi Paratyp / Breuning det., condition: left antenna
with 9 and right antenna with 6 antennomeres, body
size: 11.8 mm; Piocia affinis colour photograph of the
HT (/ MNHN from the type locality: Philippines, Luzon,
Mt. Data.
Additional material: 16' SMTD: Luzon, Isabela,
Mt. Moises, coll. W. Schultze, Coll. W. Schultze, Ankauf
1942, Staatl. Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden.
Rennarks: Exannination of the above nnentioned
type nnaterial consisting of 3 HTs and 2 PTs results
in all three species being considered conspecific.
Therefore /. schultzei and M. affinis are Junior
synonyms of F ochraceomacuiata. This is another
significant example of confusion caused by
Breuning in the tribe Apomecynini.
Falsepilysta olivacea (Schwarzer, 1931) (Plate
150 figs 6-7)
Epiiysta oiivacea Schwarzer, 1931: 76
Mimosybra aibosignata Breuning, 1982: 142 syn.
nov. (Plate 150 fig. 7)
Type material: Falsepilysta olivacea HT (/ SMF:
Philippinen / Montalban / 0. Schultze // Typus [red
label with black borders] / Col. 136 [at underside] //
Epiiysta / olivacea Schwarzer / det. Schwarzer 1930 /
Typus ! [written crosswise], condition: well preserved,
left antenna with only 3 antennomeres, body size: 11
mm; Falsepilysta olivacea PT $ SMF: Philippinen /
Montalban / 0. Schultze// Para- / typus [red label with
black borders] / Col. 136a [at underside] // Epiiysta
/ olivacea Schwarzer / det. Schwarzer 1930 / Para- /
typus ! [cross ahead], condition: completely preserved,
body size: 11.7 mm; Falsepilysta olivacea PT $ SMF:
Philippinen / Montalban / 0. Schultze // Epiiysta /
olivacea Schwarzer / det. Schwarzer 1930 / Para- /
typus ! [written crosswise], condition: well preserved,
left antenna with 9 antennomeres, body size: 10.2 mm;
Mimosybra aibosignata colour photograph of the HT
EUMJ: PHILIPPINES / Mt. Data, 2300m / Bontoc Prov.,
Luzon / June, 7-9, 1977 / M. Sato leg. // TYPE [red
label] // Mimosybra / aibosignata / Breuning det Typ //
Mimosybra / aibosignata / sp. nov. / Det. by Breuning
626
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
(plates 144-151)
1982, condition: well preserved, left metatarsus only
lacking claw.
Additional material: 1$ SMF: Hightsplan, N-Luzon,
coll. N. Schwa rzer.
Rennarks: A connparison of the type nnaterial
has shown that the two species are conspecific,
subsequently M. albosignata is a junior synonynn of
F. olivacea.
Mimosybra annulata (Heller, 1924) comb. nov.
(Plate 150 figs 8-9)
Atelais (?) annulata Heller, 1924: 210, 212
Sybra annulata Breuning, 1960: 147
Type material: Atelais (?) annulata HT $ SMTD:
Zamboanga / Mindanao /Baker// Orinoeme/ annulata
[handwritten] / typus [red label] // Staatl. Museum
fur / Tierkunde, Dresden, condition: left middle leg
and left antenna missing, right antenna with only one
antennomere, body size: 12.9 mm.
Additional material (4 spms): 1$ CVB: Philippinen,
Calayan isl., I. Lumawig leg., XII. 2003; 1 spm (CVB):
03683 / Impasung-ong / Bukidnon / 31 May-2 Jun
03; 1(5' CWW (Plate 150 fig. 9): Philippinen, Mindanao,
Surigao Mts., 1-2011, local collector, body size: 11.8 mm;
1(5' SMTD: Luzon, Rizal, Montalban, coll. W. Schultze,
Coll. W. Schultze, Ankauf 1942, Staatl. Museum fur
Tierkunde, Dresden.
Rennarks: This species belongs to the genus
Mimosybra Breuning, 1939 due to nnorphological
features. Certainlythe spiny extension in the nniddle
of the internal side of the nnesotibia, a characteristic
feature for this genus (see also Skale & Weigel
2014), is less distinct in this species. There is only
a snnall extension visible.
Mimosybra bimaculata (Breuning, 1939) comb.
nov. (Plate 151 figs 1-2)
Sybra bimaculata Breuning, 1939: 252
Type material: HT $ BMNH:PHILLIPINES:/ Mindanao,
/ Davao / C. F. Baker. // 6788 // Brit. Mus. 1924 -
486. // Type [round label with red border] // Sybra /
bimaculata / mihi Typ [handwritten] / det. Breuning,
condition, right middle leg missing, left antenna with
nine antennomeres only, body size: 11.7 mm.
Additional material (3 spms): 2(5' SMF & CWW:
Imugan, Luzon, coll. B. Schwarzer, body size: 8.2 mm
/ 8.1 mm; 1(5' CWW (Plate 151 fig. 2): INDONESIA:
Sulawesi bor., 2 km NWTomohon, bottom of Mt. Lokon,
830-850m, 1°21’29“N / 124°487’57“E, 30.1.2004,
leg. A. Weigel, body size: 8.7 mm.
Rennarks: This species belongs to the genus
Mimosybra Breuning, 1939 due to nnorphological
features, especiallythespiny extension inthe nniddle
of the internal side of the nnesotibia (nnentioned in
Skale & Weigel 2014). The type specinnen (fennale)
has an indistinct spiny extension of the nnesotibia
only.
Mimosybra bipiagiata (Breuning, 1939) comb,
nov.
Ichthyodes {Orinoeme) bipiagiata Breuning, 1939:
288
Type material: Ichthyodes bipiagiata: colour
photograph of the HT (5' BMNH from the type locality:
Philippines, Luzon, Cap Engano.
Additional material: colour photograph of an
incorrectly labelled PT (5' NHMB, N-Luzon; 1(5' CWW:
N-Philippinen, Sierra Madre, Aurora, VII. 2007, local
collector.
Rennarks: This species belongs to the genus
Mimosybra Breuning, 1939 due to nnorphological
features, especially the spiny extension in the
nniddle of the internal side of the nnesotibia
(nnentioned in Skale & Weigel 2014). The PT
deposited in the NHMB does not belong to the type
nnaterial. The labelling was obviously nnade later.
Breuning (1939) described this species based on
one nnale only.
Mimosybra borneana (Breuning, 1961) comb,
nov. (Plate 151 fig. 3)
Parepiiysta {Spinepilysta) borneana Breuning,
1961: 152
Type material: Mimosybra borneana colour
photograph of the HT NHMB from the type locality:
Northern Borneo.
Additional material (6 spms): 1 spm SNSD: Borneo,
Gehr. W. Muller, Vermacht. 1909, Staatl. Museum
fur Tierkunde, Dresden, Sybra discomaculata Breun.,
Breuning det.; 2 spms CHH: Malaysia, Sabah, Ranau,
IV-l-2006, 111-10-2006, local coll.; 1(5' CWW: Malaysia,
Sabah, Ranau, 06.11.2007, local coll.; 1 (5' (Plate 151
fig. 3, body size: 14 mm), 1$ CWW: Mt. Trus Madi,
02.IV.2001, 24.V.2006, local coll; 1(5' CWW: Kinabalu
NP, My PW, N6 02.903, E116 41.953, A. Lagneocarpa
10 FI, IF, 29.3. 1997.
Rennarks: This species belongs to the genus
Mimosybra Breuning, 1939 due to nnorphological
features, especially the spiny extension in the
nniddle of the internal side of the nnesotibia
(nnentioned in Skale & Weigel 2014).
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Mimosybra schultzei (Breuning, 1966) (Skale &
Weigel 2012)
Pseudichthyodes schultzei Breuning, 1966: 123
Sybra mimalternans Breuning, 1970: 646 syn. nov.
Mimosybra alternans Breuning, 1973: 648 syn.
nov.
Type material: Sydram/ma/ternans colour photograph
of the HT (MNHN) from the type locality: Philippines,
Samar island; Mimosybra alternans colour photograph
of the HT (MNHN) from the type locality: Philippines, no
more data.
Additional material (3 spms): 16' ZSM: Philippinen,
Mimosybra alternans det. Hudepohl 1993; 1$ SMTD:
Philippinen, Semper, Tausch 1972, Dr. Breuning,
Staatl. Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden; 1(6 CWW:
N-Philippinen, Luzon, Bondoc Peninsula, X.2011, local
collector.
Rennarks: Based on the available colour
photographs of both HTs specinnens, S.
mimalternans and M. alternans, and the
exannination of additional material, we consider
both species to be conspecific with M. schultzei. An
image of this species is shown in Skale & Weigel
(2012).
Mimosybra strandi (Breuning, 1939) comb. nov.
(Plate 151 figs 4-6)
Neosybra strandi Breuning, 1939: 278
Type material: Neosybra strandi HT $ USNM: Buso
? [handwritten, unreadable] // TYPE [red label] //
Neosybra / strandi / mihi Typ / det. Breuning// BLNO
/ 000681 [light blue label], condition: tomentum very
poorly preserved, right antenna with 10 antennomeres,
right mesotibia and -tarsus missing, body size: 12 mm.
Additional material (3 spms): 2(6 & 1$ CWW:
Taiwan, Taitung, Lanyu, Hsiaotienchih, 2013, IV- 14, Y-T
Chung Leg., CCCC, body size: 14-15.5 mm.
Remarks: The HT specimen (USNM) was in very
bad condition, almost completely dirty and sticky
without any tomentum visible. After cleaning
and preparation it could be compared with fresh
material obtained from Taiwan (our cordial thanks
to Mr. C. Holzschuh for providing fresh material).
The last time a sizeable number of specimens
were found was in Taiwan (Lanyu Island), which is
probably the origin of this species. Because of the
bad handwritten label (Plate 151 fig. 5) the type
locality is not clear. Breuning (1939) interpreted the
type locality as “Borneo”, a likely incorrect origin.
This species belongs to the genus Mimosybra
Breuning, 1939 due to morphological features
especially the spiny extension in the middle of the
internal side of the mesotibia (mentioned in Skale
& Weigel 2014).
Corrections
Because of homonymy, we provided a new
name for Mimosybra luzonica Breuning, 1957
in Skale & Weigel (2012). This was unnecessary
because Sybra medioflavomaculata Breuning,
1966 is an available name for this taxon, therefore:
Sybra medioflavomaculata Breuning, 1966
= Sybra I inga felted Skale et Weigel, 2012 syn.
nov.
In Skale & Weigel (2014) we omitted to explain
the abbreviation “NME” used in the description
of Sybra yokoi Skale et Weigel, 2014. NME -
Naturkundemuseum Erfurt, Germany.
Acknowledgements
For the opportunity to study type and additional
material, we are grateful to M. Balke and L.
Hendrich (both ZSM), M. Baehr (Munich, Germany),
M.V.L. Barclay and M. Geiser (both BMNH), A.
Drumont (ISNB), A. Floren (JMU), J. Frisch (ZMB),
R. Iwata (NUK), 0. Jager (SMTD), D. Kovac and
A. Hastenpflug-Vesmanis (both SMF), D. Heffern
(Houston, U.S.A.), C. Holzschuh (Villach, Austria),
S. W. Lingafelter (former staff of USNM), H. Makihara
(Ibaraki, Japan), 0. MerkI and G. Szel (both HNHM),
0. Montreuil (MNHN), V. Nagiryni (Tartu, Estonia),
W. Schawaller (former staff of SMNS), T. Tichy
(Ostrava, Czech Republic), E. Vives (Barcelona,
Spain) and Y. Yokoi (Ratingen, Germany).
We are very obliged to U. Schmidt (Selbitz,
Germany) (Plate 148 figs 5 & 8, plate 149 fig. 6)
and A. Spooner (OUMNH) (Plate 144 figs 1-3, 8) for
providing us with photographs. Furthermore, our
cordial thanks to D. Heffern for linguistic revision
of the text.
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630
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region
(Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Calpinae)
Alberto Zilli Vernon A. Brou Crystal Klem Jennifer Zaspel ^
1 - Corresponding author: Natural History Museum, Life Sciences, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD,
London, United Kingdom; e-mail: a.zilli@nhm.ac.uk
2 - 74320 Jack Loyd Road, LA 70420, Abita Springs, U.S.A.; e-mail: vabrou@bellsouth.net
3 - Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W State Street, IN 47907, West Lafayette,
U.S.A.; e-mail: cklem@purdue.edu
4 - Milwaukee Public Museum, Zoology, 800 W Wells Street, Wl 53233, Milwaukee, U.S.A.;
e-mail: zaspelj@mpm.edu
Abstract: An annotated checklist of all species of Eudocima occurringfronn Wallacea to the Australian zoogeographi-
cal region is provided. Three species are described as new to science, E. oliveri sp. nov. (Vanuatu), £ martini sp.
nov. (Solonnon Archipelago) and £ steppingstonia sp. nov. (Marquesas Is). The following synonynnies are established:
Ophideres caesar C. Felder, 1861 = Othreis prattorum A.E. Prout, 1922 syn. nov. and Ophideres kuehni Pagen-
stecher, 1886 = Lagoptera pratti Bethune-Baker, 1906 syn. rev. Eudocima taiboti (A.E. Prout, 1922) stat. rev. is
resurrected to species level. Lectotypes for Ophideres piana Walker, [1858] and Phaiaena Noctua cajeta Cranner,
[1775] are also designated.
Keywords: Fruit-piercing nnoths, review, new species, Wallacea, Pacific.
Introduction
The genus Eudocima Billberg, 1820 (Erebidae:
Calpinae) consists of several large-sized species of
fruit piercing moths distributed in tropical regions of
the world, such as the well-known orchard pest £.
phalonia (Linnaeus, 1763); a few taxa also extend
to the temperate regions. Recently, descriptions of
four new species, and a checklist of the genus was
provided by Zilli & Hogenes (2002). Subsequently,
as part of a world checklist of the then tribe Calpini,
a revised list of the genus Eudocima was published
by Zaspel & Branham (2008). Several taxonomic
changes affecting some species of this genus were
introduced on this revised list. But as the work con¬
sisted of a taxonomic listing only, and no support¬
ing information was provided, uncertainty remained
concerning certain taxa whose rank was nomencla-
turally modified. We were able to clear up some of
the enduring questions concerning certain taxa of
this genus by re-examination of original and supple¬
mentary holdings at the Natural History Museum
(London), Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden),
National Museum of Natural History (Washington),
including available types, and the specialized col¬
lections of one of us (V. Brou), along with a number
of colleagues (G. Behounek & W. Speidel, Munich,
Germany). This contribution provides a synopsis
of the species occurring in the Australian Region,
from east of the Wallace line to the Central Pacific.
A few comments concerning some allied species
from the Oriental Region are provided to clear up
the systematic relationships and taxonomy. During
the course of our investigations, three new species
were discovered and are described herein.
Abbreviations of repository coiiections:
ANIC - Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra,
Australia;
CMNH - Carnegie Museunn of Natural History, Pitts¬
burgh, U.S.A.;
HUMS - Hokkaido University Museunn, Sapporo, Japan;
LSUK - Linnean Society, London, United Kingdonn;
MWNH - Museunn Wiesbaden Naturhistorische Sam-
nnlungen, Germany;
NBC - Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden (= former
RMNH), the Netherlands;
NHMUK - Natural History Museum, London (= former
BMNH and NHM), United Kingdom;
NMNH - National Museum of Natural History, Washing¬
ton (= former USNM), U.S.A.;
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
OUMNH - Oxford University Museunn of Natural History,
United Kingdonn;
SAMA - South Australian Museunn, Adelaide, Australia;
ZMUC - Zoological Museunn of the University, Copenha¬
gen, Denmark.
Taxonomic part
Descriptions of the new species
Eudocima oliveri Ziiii et Brou sp. nov. (Figs 1-3,
21, plate 158 figs 3-5)
Holotype S' NHMUK: Vanuatu [= New Hebrides], An-
eityum [= Anatom] Island, Agathis Camp 11, 50’ [feet],
19-21. VI 1.1971, G.S. Robinson leg. (Royal Society Expedi¬
tion), BMNH(E)1378103, gen. slide BMNH Noct. 22071.
Pa retypes 2 specimens: IS NHMUK: same data as
holotype, BMNH(E)1378101, gen. slide BMNH Noct.
14736; 1$ NHMUK: Espiritu Santo, Apouna River, Camp
2, 450’ [feet], 26-27.VI 1 1.1971, G.S. Robinson leg. (Roy¬
al Society Expedition), BMNH(E)1378102, gen. slide
BMNH Noct. 22065.
Derivatio nonninis: The new species is nanned
for Oliver Zilli, the youngest son of the senior au¬
thor.
Male: Length of forewing 39-42 nnnn (N = 2). Habi¬
tus sinnilar to Eudocima phalonia, with connpara-
tively nnore connpact, less elongated forewings.
Head relatively nnediunn-sized. Thorax stout, lilac-
rusty brown, with conspicuous fulvous notal tufts.
Forewings with broadly convex ternnen, fairly pro¬
duced tornal hook, long, nnoderately deep anal ex¬
cision along inner nnargin and relatively snnall anal
flap; ground color varying fronn greenish-golden
ochre variously nnottled with rusty brown speckles
and ripples to more extensively suffused with dark
lilac brown; transverse lines thick and blurred, dark
lilac-rusty brown, lined with diffuse dark grey on
side facing median area; antemedial line oblique,
running from one-third of costa length towards anal
flap, butfadedjust below anal vein, slightly incurved
between cubitus and anal vein; diffuse dark brown
patch with indistinct margins in place of discal
stigma which merges with median shade, this only
evident on middle of disc; postmedial line starting
well before apex, smoothly convex and reaching
anal margin beyond anal flap; apical streak bisect¬
ing apex variably expressed, very diffuse, dark rusty
brown, with some diffuse dark grey or rusty shades
below it in antemarginal area; fringe concolorous
with ground color; veins dotted dark grey. Hind-
wings bright pale orange, suffused with dark brown
basally; discal spot black, quite elongated and only
feebly curved or flexed, slightly narrower at middle;
distal black band broad, widest superiorly, ending in
correspondence with vein CuA2, and enclosing big
marginal intervenular rounded spots, these proxi-
mally pale orange and distally white; fringe concol¬
orous with corresponding wing margin. Legs con¬
spicuously tufted. Abdomen pale orange, suffused
with dark brown basally; small median corema on
sternum A8. Underside similar to E. phalonia, the
hindwing maculation closely matching that of the
upperside.
Male genitalia (Figs 1-3): Overall configuration
similar to Eudocima phaionia (Figs 4-5). Tegumen-
vinculum ring comparatively weak, tegumen longer
than vinculum, this thin and arcuate; valva broad
and elongated, flat, of approximately uniform width
all through, but markedly sinuous, ending apically
as broad triangular plate outwardly projected, its
ventral margin thus distinctly concave below apex,
then broadly convex anteriorly towards and along
saccular section. Uncus with long and compara¬
tively slender stem, distally dilated. Tuba analis
with neatly invaginated, weakly sclerotized rugose
scaphium. Juxta similar to E. phaionia, its paired
processes very wide and straight, abruptly tapered
at tip. Aedeagus and vesica also similar to E. pha¬
ionia, the latter small in size, compact and less rec-
linate.
Female: Length of forewing 39 mm (N = 1). Habi¬
tus similar to female Eudocima phaionia, forewings
appearing broader, less elongated. Head and tho¬
rax brown, less stout than in male; legs more feebly
tufted, slender. Forewings with crenulated termen,
ground color variously mottled with pale and dark
brown blotches, speckles and ripples, the latter
extended over entire wing surface; blackish brown
streak from wing base to inner part of median area
below anal vein; transverse lines similar to female
E. phaionia, antemedial line irregularly waved,
weakly expressed, postmedial line irregularly Jag¬
ged and nearly indistinct from costa to CuP, in¬
curved between veins posteriorly; median area fee¬
bly paler than basal area and beyond postmedial
line, except for broad dark median shade between
cubitus and anal vein; discal stigma dark brown,
subtriangular, preceded by thin dark brown streak;
small pale irregular mark in interspace CuAl-CuA2
in correspondence with postmedial vein; distal area
shared between wide warm brown inner suffusion
and pale antemarginal area, the boundary broadly
sinuous and blurred; pale area irrorated with dark
brown speckles and ripples; fringe concolorous
with corresponding antemarginal area, and darker
scales on veins. Hindwings as in male, paler lemon-
632
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
yellow, with thinner discal spot; fringe as in nnale,
with snnall black tornal spot. Abdonnen and under¬
side sinnilarto nnale, but paler colored.
Fennale genitalia (Fig. 21): Overall configuration
sinnilar to Eudocima phalonia (Fig. 22). The ante-
vaginal spine straight, ostiunn bursae very wide,
posterior triangular sclerotization on nnennbranous
sternunn A8; ductus bursae narrow and connpara-
tively long, rugose, bursa copulatrix elongated and
ridged, narrowest at nniddle, with anteriorly recli-
nate fundus to left. Ovipositor sinnilar to E phalonia.
Diagnostic rennarks: Despite resennblance to
the Fijian endennic species Eudocima paulii (Rob¬
inson, 1968), this new species is a close relative
of E phalonia (Linnaeus, 1763), and likely repre¬
sents an insular offshoot occurring in the Vanuatu.
Male E oliveri can be separated fronn that of E
paulii by its larger size, nnore elongated forewings,
bowed postnnedial line on nniddle of forewing disc
(straight in E paulii), absence of white discal spot
of forewings, nnore slender and straighter discal
spot of hindwings, and very different genitalia con¬
figuration (Figs 13, 20). Outwardly fennale E paulii,
particularly those of sonne color fornns, nnay nnore
closely resennble that of this new species but E
paulii is snnaller in size, does not have a brown sub-
triangular discal spot of forewings, replaced by a
whitish dot, and has a broader and nnore incurved
discal spot on the hindwings, including vastly dif¬
ferent genitalia (Fig. 29). Connpared to E phalonia,
nnales of E oliveri are distinguished by broader and
less elongated forewings, conspicuously nnottled
with rusty brown speckles and ripples, blurred,
less sharp transverse lines, indistinct discal spot of
forewings, and straighter discal spot of hindwings.
More notable differences of the male genitalia of
E oliveri are the sinuous shape of the valva, and
outwardly projecting apex. Juxtaposed to that on E
phalonia, where the apex is aligned with the longi¬
tudinal axis of valva, and wider and straighter pro¬
cesses of juxta, a longer and thinner uncus, and
smaller and less reclinate vesica towards the ae-
deagus. In the female genitalia, E oliveri can be
separated from E phalonia by the broader ostium
bursae, smoother and straighter antevaginal spine,
thinner and longer ductus bursae, and reclinate,
foot-shaped fundus bursae.
Distribution: Only two males of this new spe¬
cies are currently known from Aneityum, the most
south-eastern island of the Vanuatu (New Flebri-
des) (geographically set apart and politically disput¬
ed Matthew and Flunter Islands excepted). These
males show a clear systematic link to E phalonia,
so we have little hesitation in considering the single
female from the northern Espiritu Santo Island con-
specific, as it is related albeit clearly distinct from
E phalonia. Accordingly, the distribution of E oliveri
occurs across the entire Vanuatu Archipelago. We
also confirm the sympatric presence of E phalonia
in Aneityum (2(5, Red Crest, 1,200ft, 3m. N.E. of
Anelgauhat, 111.1955, L.E. Cheesman, in NFIMUK).
From Vanuatu E phalonia was previously recorded
by several authors, e.g. Tams (1935), Viette (1948;
1949) and Cochereau (1965). In particular, Cohic
(1953) recorded outbreaks of E phalonia from An¬
eityum Island, but whether all these records actu¬
ally refer to E phalonia, or at least in part E oliveri,
is unknown. In addition to the aforementioned two
males, from Vanuatu we have also examined speci¬
mens of E phalonia from Ambae I. (= Aoba), Pau
Lima (= Paama) and Malakula (in NFIMUK). Inter¬
estingly though, the new species was preliminarly
identified as E paulii by G.S. Robinson in his col¬
lecting data sheets for the Vanuatu ([Robinson],
undated), and was clearly kept separate from E
phalonia, recorded in turn from Espiritu Santo, Mal¬
akula, Efate and Erromango.
Eudocima martini Zilli et Brou sp. nov. (Figs 18-
19, 27, plate 165 figs 3-4)
Holotype (5 NHMUK: Solomon Islands, Rendova, Feb¬
ruary 1904, A.S. Meek leg., BMNH(E)1378113, gen.
slide BMNH Noct. 14826.
Pa retype 1$ NHMUK: Solomon Archipelago, Bougain¬
ville, May 1904, A.S. Meek leg., BMNH(E)1378111, gen.
slide BMNH Noct. 22063.
Additional material 1$ NHMUK: Solomon Is¬
lands, Guadalcanal, Popomanaseu ascent, Nuhu
village, 28.X.1965, Royal Society Expedition leg.,
BMNH(E)1378112, gen. slide BMNH Noct. 22064.
Derivatio nominis: The new species is named
for Martin Zilli, the eldest son of the senior author.
Male: Length of forewing 33 mm (N = 1). Habitus
compact. Head large, chocolate brown in color; eye
large and globular; antenna filiform, brownish or¬
ange in color; labial palpus long, first and second
joints thick, compactly scaled, brown dorsally and
at sides, light orange ventrally, second Joint feebly
incurved at base, third Joint rod-like, brown, light-
orange-tipped; frons with compact scale vestiture,
looser at sides due to abrasion with palps. Thorax
chocolate brown, darkest at tip of notal tufts. Fore¬
wings broad, with slightly irregularly crenulated
termen, tornal angle broadly rounded, minimal ex¬
cision along inner margin and little produced, con¬
spicuously hairy anal flap; ground color medium
chocolate brown with various darker or rusty paler
brown, the latter especially between postmedial
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
and subnnarginal lines; very sparse irroration of
whitish scales along costal area; transverse lines
barely discernible darker appearing lines, antenne-
dial line perpendicular to costa, then bent on radius
and running oblique to anal flap, crenulated irregu¬
larly; nnedian shade fairly broad and straight fronn
below discal spot to just beyond anal flap, post-
medial line little distinct, thin, sub-rectilinear from
costa to M3, where it bends inwardly to continue
to inner margin beyond basal flap; cell with small
discal longitudinal streak, terminated by lenticu¬
lar greenish-golden discal spot; submarginal line
broadly waved, splitting the distal area between in¬
ner rusty band and outer dull brown antemarginal
area; fringes unicolorous dull brown; veins accen¬
tuated with conspicuous dark greyish brown dots.
Hindwings pale orange, suffused dark brown basal-
ly and with wide blackish brown distal band, its in¬
ner margin subparallel to termen on middle of disc,
then oblique and reaching wing margin at tornus;
distal band enclosing small yellowish white mar¬
ginal intervenular subquadrate spots; fringe con-
colorous with corresponding antemarginal area.
Legs from light orange to pale greyish brown, dark¬
er brown dorsally, slender, protibia thickly clothed
albeit comparatively slender, showing white dorsal
dot at one third from base and additional whitish
mark at very base. Abdomen colouration unstudied
[due to dissection already being done on available
male singleton]; presence of corema on sternum
A8 [brushed off during dissection] can be inferred
by well developed, longcorematal frame. Underside
of forewings extensively suffused medium brown,
except for lighter basal one-fourth and distal sub-
rectangular patch, light orange colored, hindwings
otherwise as on upperside.
Male genitalia (Figs 18-19): Apparatus overall
slender, with elongated tegumen, much longer than
vinculum, this V-shaped. Valva simple, elongated
and with very long sacculus, narrow at base then
gradually widening, widest at distance of one fourth
from apex, then slightly constricted along dorsal
margin before apex, this hairy, broadly rounded, ven¬
tral margin smoothly convex. Uncus with triangular
base, very long and slender, cylindrical, smoothly
arched, ending into sharp apical spine. Juxta small,
with broad basal trapezoid plate and short paired
triangular superior processes. Tuba analis with
two long thin scaphium ridges. Aedeagus cylindri¬
cal, long and narrow, ending into obovate-spatulate
apex, vesica unstudied [due to dissection already
being done on available male singleton], with thick
patch(es) of small hair-like cornuti.
Female: Length of forewing 39 mm (N = 1). Flabi-
tus and head as in male, same on legs, except pro¬
tibia is shorter tufted, forewing shape less compact,
more prominent tornal hook and anal flap. Thorax
has varying shades of dark brown, some whitish ir¬
roration on tegulae and notal tufts, the latter vivid
fulvous posteriorly. Ground color of forewings less
uniform than in male, but more distinctly variegat¬
ed and rippled with various shades of brown, and
sparse spattering of whitish irroration; basal area
with broad blackish-brown buff below anal vein to
Just beyond antemedial line; transverse lines as
in male, except for postmedial line, much more ir¬
regular and Jagged on veins anteriorly, scalloped
and inwardly curved between veins posteriorly, and
submarginal, thicker; discal cell with small blackish
brown ovate spot, conspicuous lenticular colored
terminal stigma as on male; greenish golden patch¬
es at middle of median area, adjoined to anteme¬
dial line and along anal margin; distal area band
between postmedial and submarginal lines a slight¬
ly paler rusty-brown than ground color, with veins
demarcated brown in color, and dotted as on male;
fringes as on male. Flindwings similar to male, with
larger marginal spots. Abdomen pale orange. Un¬
derside similar to male.
Female genitalia (Fig. 27): Segment A8 frustum
of a cone-shaped but with anterior margin of ster¬
num projected antero-ventrally forming subrectan-
gular sclerotized frame surrounding ostium bursae,
membranous without distinct antrum; midventral
section of sternum A8 membranous, distinctly scler¬
otized trapezoid lamella postvagina I is; flat, short
and triangular apophyses anteriores. Long, narrow,
and uniform width ductus bursae and sclerotized
ridges anteriorly; small and ovoid bursa copulatrix.
Ovipositor tightly linked to preceding segment due
to very short intersegmental membrane, conspicu¬
ously large, subquadrate papillae anales bearing
long setae; apophyses posterioresthin and rod-like,
as long as papilla analis.
Female from Guadalcanal (Plate 165 fig. 5): the
single female available from this island is in good
agreement with that from Bougainville but differs in
a few respects, more than its striking pattern, also
by some features of the genitalia (see below). De¬
spite this, we provisionally consider it conspecific
with the males but prefer to exclude it from the type
series, pending assessment of the whole range of
variation of these apparently rarest Eudocima on
the various islands of the Solomon Archipelago.
Length of forewing 38 mm (N = 1). Flabitus as in fe¬
male described above, with apparently less robust
and darker brown thorax, straighter antemedial line
of forewing more extensive greenish golden stripes
634
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
in nnedian area, and outstanding greenish golden
band in place of rusty brown one between post-
nnedial and subnnarginal lines. Genitalia (Fig. 28):
the sclerotized franne surrounding ostiunn bursae
appears distinctly wider and nnore robust, lannella
postvaginalis is wider and excised anteriorly at nnid-
dle, ductus bursae is narrowest posteriorly, then
widened, and anterior sclerotized section longer.
Diagnostic rennarks: Together with Eudocima
caesar (C. Felder, 1861) (in part), E. iridescens (T.P.
Lucas, 1894), E. coca I us (Cranner, [1777]), and E.
kuehni (Pagenstecher, 1886), within this group oc¬
curring fronn Wallacea into the Pacific, E. martini
is one species without black discal spots on the
hind wings, though features of its forewing pattern
(e.g. greenish golden discal spot) and differences
in genitalia configuration nnake it unnnistakable.
Features of both nnale and fennale genitalia of E.
martini, such as the long thin uncus, snnall juxta,
thin aedeagus and very snnall bursa copulatrix are
unusual within the genus Eudocima.
Distribution: Currently known only fronn the Solo-
nnon Archipelago, where it is likely endemic and ap¬
parently very rare. We located a second female of
the green banded form in the Cornell University In¬
sect Collection, but damaged with only three intact
wings, and minimal label data, i.e. (from) Solomon
Islands.
Eudocima steppingstonia Brou, Klem, Zaspel et
Zllll sp. nov. (Figs 6-8, 23, plate 161 figs 1-3)
Holotype 6' NMNH: Marquesas Islands, Fatu Hiva, Mt
Teoaiua [= Teearua], 2,000 ft, 22.111.1968, J.F.G. & T.M.
Clarke leg., USNMENT01069399, gen. slide.
Pa retypes 2$ NMNH: Marquesas Islands, Fatu Hiva,
Mt Upe, 2,025 ft, 3.IV.1968, J.F.G. & T.M. Clarke leg., US-
NMENT01069400.
Derivatio nominis: The new species is named
following latinization of the concept of “stepping
stones”, the phenomenon in dynamic biogeography
which its ancestor should have undergone in order
to colonize the remote island of the Pacific where
it occurs.
Male: Length of forewing 41 mm (N = 1). Overall
habitus somewhat similar to members of the Eudo¬
cima cajeta-group. Head large, chocolate brown in
color; eye large and globular; antenna filiform, dark
brownish orange in color; labial palpus long, choco¬
late brown outside, paler beige internally, with first
and second segments thick, compactly scaled, and
third one slender, apically spatulate with dilated
tuft; frons thickly clothed with hood-shaped, quite
rough scale vestiture. Thorax chocolate brown.
Forewings elongate with acute apex and feebly
crenulated termen, pronounced albeit not distinctly
hooked tornal angle, long shallow anal excision and
conspicuous anal flap; ground color rather uniform
chocolate brown, albeit darker in proximal half of
wings, with lilac shine; transverse lines deep dark
brown but mostly indistinct against ground colour,
traces of subbasal line discernible with particular
orientation of wing, antemedial line thin, smoothly
convex, median shade wide and blurred, straight
from discal stigma to anal flap, postmedial line
smoothly convex, almost faded, submarginal line
as a very faint, slightly sinuous hue in anterior half
of distal area; discal cell with deep blackish brown
dot, terminated by broad lenticular discal stigma;
veins dotted dark blackish brown and along anal
margin in distal half of wings; fringe concolorous
with ground color. Hindwings comparatively oblong,
with slightly crenulated outer margin, pale yellow¬
ish straw colored with smoky brown discal spot
and distal band, these markings with irregularly
scalloped and blurred edges, the spot long with
large posterior lobe much prolonged towards wing
margin, and band ending well before anal angle;
fringe chequered beyond distal band, concolorous
with ground color in interspaces and smoky brown
at veins, elsewhere as ground color. Legs slender,
chocolate brown externally, paler beige internally,
with rough fringe of long hair-like scales on outer
side of protibia. Abdomen pale yellowish straw on
both sides, feebly irrorated with brown middorsally
at very base; corema on sternum A8 small. Under¬
side of forewings with quite rough scaling in basal
half, broadly straw colored in basal area, along
anal margin and with two blotches beyond middle
of disk, otherwise smoky-brown; underside of hind-
wings extensively straw colored, patterned as on
upperside except for much fainter distal band, turn¬
ing in apical and costal areas into tiny ripples dis¬
solving against pale ground color.
Male genitalia (Figs 6-8): Overall configuration
similar to members of the Eudocima phaionia-
group. Tegumen hood-like, massive with respect
to vinculum, this thin and arcuate; valva small,
lozenge-shaped. Uncus greatly developed with long
finger-like stem, incrassate distally with hooked tip.
Tuba analis conspicuous, with long rugose scaphi-
um analogously developed to accommodate uncus.
Juxta similar to E. phaionia, its paired processes
not of uniform width though, but broadest at base
and gradually tapered towards slightly sinuous tip.
Aedeagus and vesica also similar to E. phaionia,
with corpus of vesica bearing dorsally patch of
quite stout deciduous, basally minutely spiculated
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
cornuti, and a ventrally protruding lobe.
Fennale: Length of forewing 40-42 nnnn (N = 2).
Habitus sinnilar to fennales of the Eudocima ca-
jeta- and E. pha/on/a-groups. Head and thorax as
in nnale, nnore nninutely variegated with paler and
darker brown and sparse beige scales, the frons
tipped by shorter hood of scales. Forewings elon¬
gate, broader than in nnale, with distinctly crenu-
lated ternnen; ground color distinctly nnottled with
pale and dark brown blotches and irregularly dis¬
tributed dark to blackish brown ripples; basal area
with black buff below anal vein to just beyond ante-
medial line; transverse lines blackish brown and
mostly disrupted into ripples against ground color,
subbasal and antemedial lines barely discernible,
median shade thick and blurred, postmedial line
more evident, similar to male although thicker
and irregularly crenulated, scalloped and inwardly
curved between veins posteriorly, submarginal line
much better expressed than in male, running from
Just before apex to tornus, albeit diffuse and poorly
distinct from interspace between CuA veins to be¬
low; discal cell with distinct blackish brown dot, ter¬
minated by large sock-shaped discal stigma; distal
area shared by submarginal line into inner section
with particularly homogeneous tinges, chocolate
brown anteriorly and beige posteriorly, and beige
antemarginal section densely irrorated with dark to
blackish-brown ripples; veins and anal margin more
conspicuously dotted than in male; fringe dark
brown. Hindwings particularly oblong, patterned
as in male, with more conspicuously chequered
fringes. Legs and abdomen colored as in male, with
darker brown very tip of the latter. Underside pat¬
terned as in male, with similar to much stronger dis¬
solution of dark markings into ripples against pale
ground color, especially as regards distal band of
hindwings, which may thus be particularly cleared.
Female genitalia (Fig. 23): Overall configura¬
tion similar to members of the E. pha/on/a-group;
antero-ventral portion of segment A8 wide and little
extended anteriorly, antevaginal spine stout and
straight, comparatively broad-based and gradu¬
ally tapered to pointed tip; sternum A8 sclerotised
posteriorly, embedding triangular lamella post-
vaginalis, and with thickly setose posterior margin;
apophyses anteriores comparatively strong, well
sclerotized; ostium bursae of medium width, duc¬
tus bursae medium long, rugose, bursa copulatrix
long and rugose, ridges weakly sclerotized in poste¬
rior half, fundus slightly reclinate to right. Ovipositor
with thin rod-like apophyses posteriores and thickly
setose papillae anales.
Diagnostic remarks: Despite its possibly clos¬
est resemblance in habitus with members of the
Eudocima cajeta-group, the new species shows
clear affinities in both male and female genitalia
with those of the E. pha/on/a-group. It can easily be
distinguished from any of the latter by several fea¬
tures of the habitus such as the extensively smoky-
suffused forewings or the particularly pale and ob¬
long hindwings with blurred-edged markings whose
outer margin does not protrude in correspondence
of vein 3A. The most striking diagnostic characters
are found however in the male genitalia, notably
in the greatly developed elongated uncus which
sharply contrasts with the usual short stout con¬
figuration seen in the E. pha/on/a-group and most
Eudocima in general. Other meaningful differences
are found in the configuration of valvae, Juxta, ve¬
sica and the stouter spiculated cornuti of the latter.
In the female genitalia the new species shows pos¬
sibly the closest similarity with E. oiiveri sp. nov.,
although it can be easily differentiated from this,
among the other, by the shorter and wider ductus
bursae and the fundus bursae reclinated to the
right instead of left.
Distribution: Currently known only from Fatu
Hiva, the most isolate of the Southern Marquesas
Islands. The type series was collected during the
expedition accounted on by Clarke (1986).
Annotated list
A full taxonomic layout of the species of Eu¬
docima known to occur in the Australian region is
presented. Particular attention was made to check¬
ing original descriptions in order to properly deter¬
mine primary type materials. The notation “by likely
monotypy” implies that there are indications that
only one specimen was available to the descrip¬
tor. This evidence may take the form of no range
measurement being given, an indication of only
one person having communicated the specimen to
the descriptor, subsequent statements by the same
author, or the location of only one extant specimen.
When in original descriptions intervals of body
measurements or more collectors were given, but
no specimens were declared as types, this led us to
consider that more specimens were available and
that they have the status of syntypes, regardless of
the descriptor labelling one of them as “(holo)type”.
Eudocima aurantia (Moore, 1877) (Plate 152 figs
1-2)
Ophideres aurantia Moore, 1877. Proceedings of the
scientific Meetings of the zoological Society of London
636
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
1877 (3): 607. Type locality: S. Andannans. Type nnaterial:
nunnber and sexes originally unspecified, nnale(s) only af¬
ter subsequent indication by Moore (1881), 6' holotype
[by likely nnonotypy], innplicitly designated as lectotype by
Swinhoe (1900), in NHMUK (exannined).
= Adds rut'll us Moore, 1881. Transactions of the
zoological Society of London 11 (3): 70. Type locality:
Ceylon. Type nnaterial: unspecified nunnber albeit at least
two male syntypes, 6' syntype, in NHMUK (examined).
Widespread in the SE Palaearctic, Oriental and
Australian regions, in the latter it extends fronn Wal-
lacea across New Guinea and Northern Australia
(Queensland) to east of the Sahul shelf in the Bis¬
marck Archipelago (New Britain, New Ireland) and
the Solomon Archipelago (Bougainville, Nggela (=
Florida) Is.).
Eudocima prolai Zilli et Hogenes, 2002 (Plate 152
figs 3-4)
Eudocima prolai Zilli et Hogenes, 2002. Quadrifina 5:
157, figs 10-11, 40, 42-45. Type locality: Irian Jaya, Star
Mountains, Abmisibil, 1890 m. Type material: 6' holo¬
type [by original designation], in NBC (examined).
So far known from New Guinea only.
Eudocima cocaius (Cramer, [1777]) (Plate 152 figs
5-6)
Phalaena Noctua cocaius Cramer, [1777]. De uitland-
sche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen
Asia, Africa en America by een verzameld en beschree-
ven 2: 59 [text], 148 [index], pi. 134, fig. B [name dates
from main text]. Type locality: Oostindien. Type material:
number and sexes originally unspecified but a single
male illustrated, probably lost.
= Noctua maculata Weber, 1801. Observationes
entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit
generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum
d esc ripti ones: 111. Type locality: ex India orientali. Type
material: number and sexes originally unspecified, prob¬
ably lost.
= Ophideres plana Walker, [1858]. List of the Spec¬
imens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum 13: 1226. Type locality: Java, Silhet,
North Hindostan. Type material: 3 syntypes, sexes origi¬
nally unspecified but original wording contradictory on
this issue; description and type series composite, com¬
prising both concepts of Eudocima cocaius (Cramer,
[1777]) and E. hypermnestra (Stoll, [1780]) ($$ syn¬
types from Java and Silhet, respectively, both in NHMUK,
examined), hereafter $ lectotype: Java, here designat¬
ed, in NHMUK.
= Rhytia (Ophideres) crepidolata T.P. Lucas, 1894.
Proceedings of the linnean Society of New South Wales
(2) 8 (2): 149. Type locality: Geraldton. Type material: un¬
specified number albeit at least two male syntypes, in
SAMA.
Pending synonymy: Phalaena Noctua hypermnestra
Stoll, [1780], in Cramer P. & Stoll C., [1780-1782]. De
uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-
Deelen Asia, Africa en America by een verzameld en be-
schreeven 4: 69 [text], 249 [index, misprinted as 251],
pi. 323, figs A-B [name dates from main text]. Type lo¬
cality: Kust van Coromandel. Type material: number and
sexes originally unspecified, but a female illustrated (rec¬
to/verso), probably lost (Plate 153 figs 1-3).
The original connbination of Phalaena Noctua coca¬
ius occurs in the nnain text by Cranner ([1777]: 59),
as he states at the species being described next
on Fig. C that this “behoort nevens Fig. B. onder de
Phal. Noctuae”.
Both the description and type series of Ophideres
plana clearly incorporate the concepts of E. coca¬
ius and E. hypermnestra (Stoll, [1780]), as Walker
([1858]) considered 0. plana to include also a vari¬
ety with paired black discal spots on the hindwings
and with the black border not extending to the inte¬
rior angle. Accordingly, in order to stabilize nonnen-
clature, the syntype fronn Java in NHMUK, which
corresponds to the current concept of E. cocaius, is
here designated as lectotype. Despite the fact that
Walker’s description of forewings is applicable only
to fennales, in describing his variety he states that
it has “nnarginal spots larger than in the female”,
which implies he had also a male at disposal. The
tracing of only two out of three original specimens
of 0. plana, both females, does not allow to solve
this issue, although it is worth mentioning that
Walker was often wrong in recording sexes.
Eudocima cocaius is widely distributed from SE
Asia (Sunda Islands, Philippines) across Walla-
cea to New Guinea, Australia (Western Australia,
Queensland), the Bismarck Archipelago (New Brit¬
ain, New Ireland, St. Matthias, St. Aignan), Nissan
I. and the Solomon Islands (Santa Isabel, Nggela
= Florida Is). Nonetheless, research is currently in
progress to assess whether E. hypermnestra, which
is currently credited with species status, should
be sunken into E. cocaius. In fact, despite some
noteworthy differences in the habitus, notably the
presence of paired black discal spots on the hind-
wings, the more neatly scalloped inner margin of
the distal black band of the hindwings, the same
band enclosing larger pale marginal spots and
barely reaching tornus, no meaningful structural
differences between the two in the genitalia have
been found. It is worth noting that another species
from this group sharing an overall similar pattern
(bending of postmedial line of forewing excepted),
the Philippine endemic Eudocima treadawayi Zilli
et Hogenes, 2002, is deeply differentiated in geni-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
talia configuration.
Concerning their distribution, E. hypermnestra and
E. cocalus seenn to be substantially allopatric, with
sonne noteworthy albeit questionable exceptions.
There are a handful of old records of E. cocalus
fronn Hindostan, Coronnandel, Bengal and Silhet
(Walker, [1858], Moore, 1867, 1881; Hannpson,
1894), thus well within the range of E. hypermnes¬
tra, but we were unable to locate any vouchers in
support of these quotations. It should be noted,
however, that sonne confusion about the two con¬
cepts happened in the past, as shown by the case
of Ophideres plana, which was usually considered
to relate to the species other than E. hypermnes¬
tra but its original concept included also real E. hy¬
permnestra fronn the Indian subcontinent.
A thorough check across the whole holdings at
NHMUK revealed E. cocalus only from the Greater
Sunda Islands and the Philippines eastwards, while
E. hypermnestra is essentially a continental spe¬
cies ranging from India and Sri Lanka to Southern
China and whole Indochina; it is also present in the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, occasionally with
specimens showing faded hindwing spots. Regard¬
ing its presence in the Malay Peninsula, we could
locate two old specimens of E. hypermnestra la¬
belled “Malacca”, whereas H.S. Barlow, who exten¬
sively collected in Genting Highlands, confirmed to
have neither found E. hypermnestra nor E. cocalus
over the years. He informs us also that old speci¬
mens labelled from “Malacca” were not necessar¬
ily collected in that region, but only shipped from
there to Europe. However, another specimen from
Penang has full collecting data which appear more
reliable. It thus seems that E. hypermnestra may
occasionally extend down the Malay Peninsula, al¬
though it is very rarely observed. In contrast, only
E. cocalus appears to be present in Sumatra and
in islands off the Malacca strait. Strangely enough,
old albeit clear E. cocalus specimens that were la¬
belled as from Hong Kong were located, which is
quite surprising in the light of recent records of E.
hypermnestra only from that area (Kendrick 2002).
Here the same consideration as for Malacca may
apply as well (H.S. Barlow, pers. comm.).
In the old literature there are also some records
of E. hypermnestra from well inside the range of
E. cocalus which further confirm how names have
been misapplied in the past. For instance, Snel¬
len (1876) mentions E. hypermnestra in Java but
does not mention E. cocalus, which is exceedingly
common in that island; or Kirsch (1877), who in re¬
cording E. hypermnestra from Rubi in New Guinea
clearly stressed the oddity of his specimen in being
completely devoid of discal spots on the hindwings,
as it in fact should be for E. cocalus.
Populations of E. cocalus from New Guinea are
quite remarkable in that individuals appear to be
stouter bodied than Sundanian ones. Nonetheless,
no other meaningful difference could be found be¬
tween them.
Eudocima discrepans (Walker, [1858]) (Plate 153
figs 4-6)
Ophideres discrepans Walker, [1858]. List of the Speci¬
mens of iepidopterous insects in the Coiiection of the
British Museum 13: 1227. Type locality: Singapore. Type
material: number and sexes originally unspecified, 6'
holotype [by likely monotypy], implicitly designated as
lectotype by Swinhoe (1900), in OUMNH (picture exam¬
ined).
= Ophideres archon [C. & R.] Felder, [1874], in
Felder C., Felder R. & Rogenhofer A.F., [1865]-1875.
Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde
in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehien
des Commodore B. von Wuiierstorf-Urbair (Zoologischer
Theil) 2 (2) (Atlas): pi. 113, fig. 3. Type locality: Siam. Type
material: unspecified number of females, $ holotype
[by likely monotypy], implicitly designated as lectotype by
Swinhoe (1900), in NHMUK (examined).
Zilli & Hogenes (2002) attributed authorship of
Ophideres archon to Rudolf Felder only, most likely
in error, while Zaspel & Branham (2008) did to both
Cajetan Felder (father) and Rudolf Felder (son) on
the basis of new evidence provided by Nassig &
Speidel (2007). In reality, these authors remained
in doubt and disagreed between themselves in the
attribution of authorships for taxa described by
“Felder” on plates 108-140 (Felder et al. [1874] in
[1865]-1875), and concluded that if a role by Ca¬
jetan in the descriptions can be given as granted, a
contribution by Rudolf was still possible, particular¬
ly for plates 108-120. They suggested therefore to
use “C. (& R.?) Felder”. Due to enduring uncertainty
on this issue and unfeasibility of disentangling the
role by Rudolf, if any, with respect to his father’s,
we prefer to highlight this situation by putting both
names within brackets. As concerns the dates of
publication, plate 113 is undated and lies between
two plates edited as in 1873, but Nassig & Speidel
agree with Fletcher (1979) in dating the whole Heft
4 containing plates 108-120 as from 1874.
Widespread in the SE Palaearctic and Oriental re¬
gions from India eastwards, its range also partly
extends in Wallacea, precisely in the lesser Sunda
Islands up to Flores. Replaced to the east by its
vicariant Eudocima muscigera (Butler, 1882). Re¬
cords of E. discrepans from New Guinea (Kononen-
638
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
ko & Pin rata na 2005) are therefore nnost likely due
to nnisidentification with this latter.
Eudocima muscigera (Butler, 1882) (Plate 154
figs 1-4)
Purbia muscigera Butler, 1882. The Annals and Maga¬
zine of natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and
Geology (5) 10 (57): 230. Type locality: New Britain. Type
material: number and sexes originally unspecified, 6' ho-
lotype [by likely monotypy], in NHMUK (examined).
An eastern vicariant of Eudocima discrepans
(Walker, [1858]) characterized by a distinctly snnall-
er size, squarer shape of forewings with nearly
straight ternnen and nnore oblique transverse lines
on disc, and sharing with this species a sinnilar sex¬
ual dinnorphisnn. So far known fronn Aru Is, Dannpier
Strait group. New Guinea, Japen I., Fergusson Land
the Bisnnarck Archipelago (New Britain, New Ireand,
Mioko I.).
Eudocima homaena (Hiibner, [1823]) (Plate 154
figs 5-6)
Othreis homaena Hubner, [1 823]. Verzeichniss bekannt-
er Schmettlinge [sic]: 264. Proposed as a replacement
name for Phalaena Noctua ancilla Cramer, [1777] nec
Linnaeus, 1767.
= Phalaena Noctua ancilla Cramer, [1777]. De
ultlandsche Kapellen voorkomende In de drie Waereld-
Deelen Asia, Africa en America by een verzameld en be-
schreeven 2: 84 [text], 147 [index]), pi. 149, fig. F [name
dates from the index] [preoccupied by Linnaeus, 1767].
Type locality: Kust van Coromandel. Type material: num¬
ber and sexes originally unspecified, but a female illus¬
trated, probably lost.
= Phalaena strigata Donovan, [1804], in 1800-
[1804], nec Fabricius, 1794. An Epitome of the natural
History of the Insects of India, and the Islands in the In¬
dian Seas: [60], pi. [48], fig. 2. Type locality: Bengal. Type
material: unspecified number of females, probably lost.
= Ophideres bilineosa Walker, [1858]. List of the
Specimens of lepidopterous Insects In the Collection
of the British Museum 13: 1227. Type locality: Ceylon,
and unspecified. Type material: 3 syntypes (1 Ceylon, 2
without locality, dubiously from Ceylon), sexes originally
unspecified but description only compatible with males;
6' lectotype from Ceylon, implicitly designated bySwin-
hoe (1900), in NHMUK (examined).
= Othreis ancilla formosana Okano, 1964. Tohoku
Konchu Kenkyu 1 (2): 43, pi. 4, figs 2-3. Type locality:
Wushe, Jen-ai-hsiang, Nantow-hsien, Central Formosa.
Type material: 6' holotype [by original designation], in
HUMS.
Widespread in the E Palaearctic and Oriental re¬
gions fronn India and Sri Lanka eastwards, its range
extends also in Wallacea, precisely in Sulawesi,
Lonnbok, Flores and Tinnor. So far there are no
zones of known overlap with its relative Eudocima
caesar (C. Felder, 1861) but, interestingly, nnate-
rial fronn Sula Is (Mangole, Besi = Sanana) seenns
transitional to this and will require further study.
Quite sonne geographic variation can be recognised
within E. homaena, with individuals fronn the Indi¬
an subcontinent and Sri Lanka sonnewhat snnaller
and paler colored, contrary to nnost eastern ones.
Particularly large-sized and with deeper lilac brown
forewings appear to be those fronn Sulawesi, and
at a lesser extent those fronn the Philippines, the
fornner also with neatly rounder discal spots of the
hindwings.
Eudocima caesar (C. Felder, 1861) (Plate 155 figs
1-6)
Ophideres caesar C. Felder, 1861. Sitzungsberichte der
kalserllchen Akademie der WIssenschaften, (mathe-
matisch-naturwissenschaftliche classe) 43 (1): 41. Type
locality: Amboina [= Ambon]. Type material: unspecified
number albeit at least two specimens of both sexes, $
syntype, in NHMUK (examined).
= Othreis prattorum A.E. Prout, 1922 syn. nov. The
Bulletin of the Hill Museum 1 (2): 239; illustrated in
Prout (1924b: pi. 20, figs 6-7, as 6' holotype and $ allo¬
type). Type locality: Manusela, 6,000 feet. Type material:
6S & 1$ syntypes, in NHMUK (examined).
A strictly Moluccan species so far known exclusive¬
ly fronn Hainnahera, Buru, Annbon and Serann, with
possible internnediate populations with the preced¬
ing species in the Sula group (see above). Interest¬
ingly, this is a polynnorphic species as regards ex¬
pression of the discal spot on the hindwings. Most
of thefewspecinnens known are devoid of the spot,
but this happens to occur after a variable degree
of expression, viz. fronn full to nearly obliterated, in
at least three specinnens fronn Hainnahera and Se¬
rann, as already shown in Prout’s (1924b) illustra¬
tion of a syntype. As a result, these specinnens look
extraordinarily sinnilar to Eudocima homaena (Hub¬
ner, [1823]) but they can easily be distinguished
other than by their dinnension, E. caesar being a
nnuch larger sized species, after the fringes of the
hindwings, which are chequered black and orange
in E. homaena and unicolorous black in E. caesar.
Zilli & Hogenes (2002) discussed the hitherto un¬
recognized identity of Ophideres caesar C. Felder,
1861, collected by C.L. Doleschall in Annbon, and
concluded that the nanne was nnost likely a senior
synonynn of Othreis prattorum A.E. Prout, 1922 but
had better to be ranked as a nonnen dubiunn. In fact,
Felder (1861) directly linked his species to Crann-
er’s E. ancilla (viz. fennale E. homaena) but stated
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
that it was larger. Considering that he did not nnen-
tion any discal spot on the hindwings and which
species of Eudocima actually live in the Moluccas,
there was little doubt that E. caesar and E. prat-
torum would relate to the sanne concept, although
no conclusive evidence was available. In contrast,
Zaspel & Branhann (2008) followed directly Poole
(1989) and listed again E. caesar as a validly rec¬
ognized species, but no new information about its
identity was brought forward, although E. prattorum
was maintained as valid as well. Following exten¬
sive search through the NHMUK collections, where
types by C. Felder ended up via the purchase of his
collection by L.W. Rothschild, a syntype of E. cae¬
sar could eventually be found. This had long been
unrecognised due to the fact that its original, small
label stating “Amboina Doleschall 1857” remained
hidden under a larger one bearing “Felder Colin.”
and stacked up in a flat pile of accession labels. Its
features leave no doubt therefore that the concepts
of E. caesar and E. prattorum relate to the same
species, hereafter the two names are brought here
into synonymy and as conditions for reversal of pre¬
cedence are not met (ICZN, 1999: art. 23.9) the
oldest is reinstated as the valid name for the spe¬
cies here dealt with.
Eudocima iridescens (T.P. Lucas, 1894) (Plate
156 figs 1-3)
Othreis (Ophideres) iridescens T.P. Lucas, 1894. Pro¬
ceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Waies (2)
8 (2): 148. Type locality: Geraldton. Type material: un¬
specified number albeit at least two male syntypes, in
SAMA.
= Ophideres pyrocrana A.J. Turner, 1908. Transac¬
tions and Proceedings and Report of the royai Society
of South Austraiia 32: 63. Type locality: N.Q. [= North
Queensland], Kuranda. Type material: 6' holotype [by
original designation], in ANIC.
The most eastern member of a group characterised
by striking sexual dimorphism, whose females show
a wide green transverse band crossing the fore¬
wings, which comprises also Eudocima homaena
(Flubner, [1823]) and E. caesar (C. Felder, 1861).
Eudocima iridescens always lacks a black discal
spot on the hindwings and may thus look similar
to unspotted individuals of its Moluccan relative,
E. caesar. Nevertheless, it can easily be separated
after its somewhat more saturated and warmer col¬
ors, smaller size, forewings of male more obovate
with more sigmoid postmedial line and sharper
line bisecting the apex, and above all the more uni¬
formly arched distal band of the hindwing much
prolonged towards the anal margin, and the black-
tipped abdomen. Specimens from New Britain ap¬
pear particularly large-sized, with comparatively
narrow distal band on hindwings and, in the male
sex, paler, more variegated forewings.
Known so far from Misool (= Mysol), Kei Is, New
Guinea, Cenderawasih Bay islands (Moor I.), Bis¬
marck Archipelago (St. Aignan, New Britain, New
Ireland), Fergusson I., Sudest I., Rossell I., Wood¬
lark I. (= Muyua I.), Australia (Western Australia,
Queensland).
Eudocima taiboti (A.E. Prout, 1922) stat. rev.
(Plate 157 figs 1-5)
Othreis cajeta taiboti A.E. Prout, 1922. The Buiietin of
the Hi a Museum 1 (2): 238. Type locality: Manusela,
6,000 feet. Type material: 2(5'(^, 2$$ syntypes, in
NHMUK (examined), incorrectly labelled as 6' holotype,
$ allotype and 6'$ paratypes.
Eudocima taiboti is the most eastern member of
the cajeta-group, which includes three superficially
similar species from the Indoaustralian region char¬
acterised by sharp sexual dimorphism, the others
being E. cajeta (Cramer, [1775]) and E. srivijayana
(Banziger, 1985). Males of the group show well dis¬
tinct sub-parallel ante- and postmedial lines which
run from costa towards inner margin of forewings,
thus they define a median area which encloses a
lenticular or subrectangular discal spot. The post-
medial line originates at costa well before the apex
and there is no apical line or streak bisecting the
latter; in addition, the tornus may be distinctly in¬
wardly hooked. In turn, females show a greatly ir¬
regularly mottled-rippled pattern which leads trans¬
verse lines to dissolve against ground color. They
miss the vivid green transverse band seen in many
relatives and have greatest similarities with those
of the well-known fruit pest E. phalonia and its
close allies. On the hindwings of both sexes a black
discal spot and distal band are present. In the con¬
figuration of genitalia, however, the three species
show little similarity to each other.
Diagnostic hints on how to distinguish the three
species of the cajeta-group are given under E. srivi¬
jayana.
Eudocima cajeta (Cramer, [1775]) (Plate 158 figs
1-2, plate 166 figs 1-2) [exclusively Oriental
species]
Phaiaena Noctua cajeta Cramer, [1775]. De uitiandsche
Kapeiien voorkomende in de drie Waereid-Deeien Asia,
Africa en America by een verzameid en beschreeven 1:
48 [text], 152 [index], pi. 30, figs A-B (male), C (female)
[name dates from main text]. Type locality: Coroman¬
del... Batavia [= India, Coromandel... Java, Jakarta]. Type
640
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
material: unspecified number of syntypes, at least two
of both sexes, and lost; therefore, lectotype: 6' [Coro¬
mandel], hereby designated in force of ICZN (1999: art.
74.4) as the specimen illustrated by both Cramer (1775,
in 1775-1776) on plate 30, figs A-B and [Wartenaar Lam-
bertz] (undated) on plate 54, figs A-B.
= Ophideres multiscripta Walker, [1858]. List of
the Specimens of iepidopterous insects in the Coiiection
of the British Museum 13: 1226. Type locality: Ceylon.
Type material: sex originally unspecified, $ holotype
[by monotypy], in NHMUK (examined).
Due to the nnixed type locality in the original de¬
scription of Phalaena Noctua cajeta, the relevant
type series, consisting of at least two albeit in full
evidence lost syntypes, has to be considered as
nnixed too and actually connbining Indian speci¬
mens of E. cajeta with Javanese ones of E. srivi-
jayana (Banziger, 1985). Because of the close
resemblance of the two species and some mis¬
matching features portrayed in the illustrations
given by Cramer ([1775], in [1775-1776]) it is not
feasible to unambiguously identify each of the two
pictured specimens. The same applies to the origi¬
nal illustrations by [Wartenaar Lambertz] (undated)
for Cramer’s printed work, where the same speci¬
mens are portrayed in plate 54. Nevertheless, in
the original artwork provenance of individual speci¬
mens is recorded in relevant legends. Accordingly,
in the legend to plate 54, the male (Figs A-B, recto/
verso) is aligned with the indication “Coromandel”
and the female (Fig. C) with “Batavia” (Plate 166
figs 1-4). This is considered sufficient evidence for
concludingthat the male and female were of Indian
and Javanese origin, respectively. Present lectotype
designation of the male specimen agrees therefore
with Banziger’s (1985) concept of E. cajeta, who
erroneously considered it as solely described from
Coromandel, and removes any ambiguity on the
application of this name, which can therefore be
applied to the most western species of the cajeta-
group.
Diagnostic hints on how to distinguish the three
species of the group are given under E. srivijayana.
Eudocima srivijayana (Banziger, 1985) (Figs 9-12,
24, plate 156 figs 4-6, plate 166 fig. 3)
Othreis srivijayana Banziger, 1985. Heterocera sumatra-
na 2: 42, figs 1-3, 5 (sub cajeta), 9. Type locality: Indo¬
nesia: W-Sunnatra, Lebong Tandai. Type nnaterial: 6' ho¬
lotype [by original designation], in NHMUK (exannined).
Following the discovery of Eudocima srivijayana,
a close relative of E. cajeta (Cramer, [1775]), then
the only member of the group, Banziger (1985) ex¬
amined several specimens from the Indoaustralian
tropics and was at the same time able to unam¬
biguously upgrade the taxon Othreis cajeta talboti
A.E. Prout, 1922, to species level. In fact, E. talboti,
originally described from Seram (Moluccas) (Prout
1922), had sharp differences in the male genitalia
with respect to the other two species, though these
were only stated in words, no genitalia illustrations
having been provided (Banziger, 1985). Eudocima
talboti was subsequently validated by Zilli & Ho-
genes (2002) on the basis of the diagnostic char¬
acters recorded by Banziger (1985) but Zaspel &
Branham (2008) placed it as a full synonym of E.
cajeta (in reality, talboti was both sunken with E.
cajeta and listed as a full species in their taxonomic
list, albeit it was explicitly synonymised in the ab¬
stract and main text of the work).
After examination of several specimens of the
group from the Indian subcontinent to the Papuan
region, including syntypes of E. talboti, the specific
distinction of this from the other two species in the
group can fully be confirmed. External differences
(including colouration) between the three species,
particularly between males of E. cajeta and E. srivi¬
jayana, are really minor and not always constant,
so that identification should better be based on
genitalia examination. Nevertheless, no area of
geographic overlap between the three species has
been ascertained so far.
Diagnostic remarks: Eudocima talboti - Both
sexes with broader forewings than its relatives,
hindwings with blunter, less sharply cornered inner
edge of black distal band on vein Ml, and small¬
er discal spot. Postmedia I line of forewings well
bowed on middle of disc in male. Blackish mottling
of female stronger marked than E. cajeta, similar
to E. srivijayana albeit with neater alternation with
paler pinkish-beige areas, so that a vaguely banded
pattern is more evident. In the male genitalia (Figs
9-12), the valva is neatly triangular in shape, with
sharp-cornered albeit slightly projected apex, and
Juxta consists of medium elongated and wide, sub
parallel tapered paired processes reaching half of
tegumen. The aedeagus is stout; vesica is small
and compact T-shaped, with short branches of un¬
equal length and almost no basal stem; shortest
branch is apically tipped by voluminous curved cor-
nutus, while longest bears on inner side a patch of
spine-like, basally speculated cornuti,and is tipped
by rather flimsy straight cornutus; gonoporal duct
opens at very base of vesica stem. In the female
genitalia (Fig. 24), the anterior margin of sternum
A8 wraps around the ventral lip of ostium bursae
and plicates so as to originate a posteriorly pro-
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
duced, short rounded antevaginal lobe overhanging
antrunn, and two broad subtriangular parannesial,
anteriorly projected lobes that fuse internally and
laterally with antrunn; this is short and broad, ap¬
proximately trapezoid in outline, and actually scler-
otized only at sides; the midventral section of ster¬
num A8 is membranous but bears a small, heavily
sclerotized and strongly bulged lamella postvagi-
nalis; ductus bursae very short and relatively wide,
leading into strongly sclerotized and folded albeit
not ridged cervix bursae; bursa copulatrix slightly
displaced laterally with respect to Junction with
ductus bursae.
Eudocima cajeta - In general, males have fairly slen¬
der and comparatively pale forewings with well pro¬
nounced apex, tornal hook and sinuous hind mar¬
gin. In the females, forewings are slender too and
their dark mottling somewhat minute and uniform
on a pale beige ground color. In the hindwings of
both sexes, black markings are not much extended;
in consequence of this, the extension of orange is
quite broad; the discal spot is well developed albeit
fairly narrow at middle because of rather straight
or even slightly concave inner margin, and shows
deep, fairly acutely pointed “<”-shaped excision
along outer margin. In the male genitalia (Figs 14-
15) E. cajeta has a distinct short tooth-like process
projecting from costal margin of valva before broad¬
ly rounded apex and juxta consists of very long,
slender paired processes, slightly arched inwards
distally, which reach base of uncus. The aedeagus is
slender; vesica consists of a single tubular, slightly
reclinate diverticulum tipped by long straight cornu-
tus; the outer side of diverticulum is distally clothed
with a thick bundle of spine-like, basally minutely
spiculated cornuti, and gonoporal tube opens just
proximally to the bundle from approximately middle
length of diverticulum itself. In the female geni¬
talia (Fig. 25) the anterior folded part of sternum
A8 wrapping ventrally the ostium bursae projects
posteriorly into a conspicuous sclerotized antevagi¬
nal plate terminating into paired teeth which pro¬
trude beyond segment A8 itself; the middle part of
sternum A8 is wholly sclerotized and bears a long
pedunculate, overall “spoon-shaped” relief; the an¬
trum is longer than wide; ductus bursae compara¬
tively long and narrow, with sclerotized ridges an¬
teriorly; bursa copulatrix slightly displaced laterally
with respect to Junction with ductus bursae. Much
variability in the shape of the antevaginal plate
has been detected after dissections of specimens
from the whole species range. A screening on this
character is currently being undertaken to assess
whether such variability is simply inter-individual or
there is some sort of geographic congruence.
Eudocima srivijayana - Forewings of males are of
medium width but there is some geographic varia¬
tion (notably in the Philippines) and they can close¬
ly approach in silhouette those of both preceding
species. The ground color of forewings in male is
generally darker than in E. cajeta, thus similar to
E. talboti, while mottling in females is produced by
strong and usually dark blotches, which lead them
to show a blackish appearance; in these features
they resemble too those of E. talboti, although the
pattern is somewhat more confuse. The extension
of black markings on the hindwings is in both sexes
fairly broad. In the male genitalia (Figs 16-17) the
very apex of valva prolongs into conspicuous long
and sclerotized spine, and Juxta is short and broad,
with an overall sub-rhomboid shape, its processes
beingsubtriangular, broad-based, and Just reaching
half of tegumen. The aedeagus is stout; vesica is T-
shaped, with branches of unequal length, shorter
one is also the widest, it is tipped by long straight
cornutus and bears distally thick patch of spine¬
like, basally minutely spiculated cornuti on outer
side; longer branch is the narrowest and bears on
inner side a belt of cornuti of increasing size to¬
wards the tip; gonoporal tube branches off from ve¬
sica stem. In the female genitalia (Fig. 26) the an¬
terior part of sternum A8 is completely folded over
sternum itself producing a sort of transverse flap,
this flap being actually split into two broad, heav¬
ily sclerotized paramesial parts whose external and
internal walls are conspicuously ridged horizontal¬
ly; the middle part of sternum A8 is wholly albeit
weakly sclerotized and bears a long cuneate relief;
there is neither a median antevaginal process nor a
distinct antrum, and ostium bursae opens directly
into comparatively short and narrow ductus bursae,
whose ridges show some weak sclerotization only
at Junction with bursa copulatrix; bursa fully aligned
with Junction with ductus bursae.
Distribution: Eudocima talboti - Moluccas (Se¬
ram, Flalmahera), Waigeo, Numfoor. Prout (1922)
tentatively assigned to E. talboti a small-sized male
in coll. Joicey probably originated from Ambon (“A
3 in coll. Joicey, from Amboina (?), measuring only
86 mm. evidently belongs to this race...”). This very
same specimen has been traced in NFIMUK and is
actually E. talboti, but it has been relabelled in the
past by an unspecified person as from “North Ce¬
ram ?”, likely to make it correspond more precisely
with known places for this species (Plate 157 fig. 3).
642
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
Eudocima cajeta - India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, South¬
ern China, Myannnar, Thailand, Vietnann, Anda-
nnans. Contrary to Zilli & Hogenes’ (2002) indica¬
tion, the specinnen fronn Malay Peninsula illustrated
by Barlow ([1983]: pi. 35, fig. 1) is of E. srivijayana.
As noted by the very sanne authors, legends to fig¬
ures 4-5 by Banziger (1985: 46-47) are inverted.
Eudocima srivijayana - Peninsular Malaysia, Singa¬
pore, Nias, Sunnatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lonnbok,
Sunnbawa, Sunnba, Flores, Tinnor, Sulawesi, Philip¬
pines (Panay, Negros, Leyte, Sannar, Mindanao).
Possibly in the Taninnbar group (1$, coll. Speidel),
but dissections needed.
As noted above, there are no known areas of geo¬
graphic overlap between the three nnennbers of
the cajeta-group, though it would be interesting to
precisely assess the actual boundaries of their dis¬
tributions to thoroughly reconstruct their diversifi¬
cation in the Indoaustralian Region. The boundary
between E. cajeta and E. srivijayana should occur
sonnewhere along Indochina, possibly in Tenasser-
inn, given that the former has so far been observed
up to Central Thailand and Southern Vietnam, while
the latter already occurs in the Malay Peninsula.
Specimens from Panay and Mindanao have proved
after dissections to belong to the Sundanian spe¬
cies, same for others from Sulawesi, thus demon¬
strating that a substitution between E. srivijayana
and E. ta/ibot/ actually takes places within Wallacea.
Last but not least, the latter has so far been as¬
sessed for islands around the Doberai Peninsula
(Waigeo, Numfoor = Mefor) but not yet from New
Guinea.
Eudocima oliveri sp. nov. (Figs 1-3, 21, plate 158
figs 3-5)
Described here above from Vanuatu.
Eudocima phaionia (Linnaeus, 1763) (Plate 159
figs 1-6, plate 160 figs 1-6)
Phalaena phaionia Linnaeus, 1763. Centuria Insecto-
rum rariorum: 28; Amoenitates Academicae 6: 411.
Type locality: in Indiis. Type nnaterial: nunnber and sexes
originally unspecified, 6' lectotype designated by Mik-
kola & Honey (1993), in LSUK (picture exannined).
= [Phalaena] fullonia Clerck, [1764]. leones Insec-
torum rariorum 2: pi. 48, figs [1-4]. Type locality: [in In¬
diis], after indication by Linne (1763a: 4; 1763b: 387)
addressing to forthconning work by Clerck ([1764]). Type
material: same as above, name most likely being a mis¬
spelling of Phalaena phaionia Linnaeus, 1763.
= Noctua dioscoreae Fabricius, 1775. Systema En-
tomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, gen¬
era, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus.
observationibus: 593. Type locality: in Indiae oriental is
Dioscoreis [= in dioscoreaceous-like plants of Oriental
India]. Type material: Fabrician material referable to Noc¬
tua dioscoreae is in ZMUC (Aurivillius, 1898), but its type
status requires probation.
= Phalaena Noctua pomona Cramer, [1776]. De
uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-
Deelen Asia, Africa en America by een verzameld en
beschreeven 1: 122 [text], 154 [index], pi. 77, fig. C
[name dates from the index]. Type locality: Kust van
Coromandel. Type material: number and sexes originally
unspecified, but a single female illustrated; $ holotype
[by likely monotypy], in NHMUK (examined) [specimen
hardly restored with wing pieces of other individuals/
species and painted, in all evidence by Felder’s techni¬
cians during transition in his collection before purchase
by L.W. Rothschild].
= Ophideres obliterans Walker, [1858]. List of the
Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum 13: 1229. Type locality: Naviga¬
tor’s Islands [= Samoa]. Type material: 2 syntypes, sexes
originally unspecified, 6' synty pe in NHMUK (examined)
(incorrectly noted by Brou & Zilli, 2016 as holotype).
The widespread and most economically important
species of Eudocima, ranging from the African trop¬
ics across the Oriental, SE Palaearctic (but up to
the NE as a stray) and Australian regions well into
the Pacific, where after a series of parameters it
has been ranked as the fourth worst pest by Water-
house (1997).
Ongoing research is showing that apart from some
close relatives well characterised on morphologi¬
cal ground, namely Eudocima iequeuxi Brou et Zilli,
2016 (E and SE continental Africa) and E. oiiveri sp.
nov. (Vanuatu), the nominal species articulates into
several biotypes whose evolutionary value needs
assessment. For instance, the African individuals
happen to have the processes of Juxta narrower
than Indoaustralian ones (Zilli & Hogenes 2002),
whereas New Guinean and Pacific populations
were shown to have shifted larval host plants from
vines of the family Menispermaceae to trees of the
genus Erythrina (Fabaceae) (Tams 1935; Cochere-
au 1977; Hammes & Putoa 1986; Muniappan et
al. 1994; Fay 1996; Sands & Chan 1996; Reddy et
al. 2005). Interestingly, in some more remote areas
such as mountains of New Guinea and New Cale¬
donia the Menispermaceae are maintained (Co-
chereau 1977; Sands & Liebregts 2005), whereas
Erythrina are also known to be occasionally used in
Australia (Tryon 1924). Patterns of local differentia¬
tion, however, are likely obscured by phenomena of
accidental introduction or long range dispersal, E.
phaionia being a powerful flyer known to undergo
migrations (Sands & Schotz 1991), so that strik-
643
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
ingly different fornns nnay be found synnpatrically,
while others appear to gradually loosen their fea¬
tures when proceeding out of their own core range.
This happens to be the case for the Solonnon Archi¬
pelago, where two sharply different fornns of males
coexist, one corresponding to the usual phalonia
male phenotypes widespread across the whole In-
doaustralian region, the other restricted to this ar¬
chipelago only (Plate 159 figs 2-5). The latter show
less elongated forewings with more bowed outer
margin, darker lilac brown ground color and indis¬
tinct streak bisecting the apex. On the hindwings
they have more extended dark markings and, on
the underside, despite a somewhat more melanis-
tic appearance the discal spot of the hindwings re¬
duces in extension, a circumstance which does not
occur in males of the normal form. Males of the ex¬
clusively Solomon form have so far been observed
in Bougainville, ChoiseuI, Treasury Is, New Georgia
I., Santa Isabel, Nggela (= Florida) Is and Guadalca¬
nal, in the last three locations in sympatry with nor¬
mal E phalonia. A single male from Guadalcanal
shows intermediate features and cannot be com¬
fortably associated with either of the two. Females,
in contrast, appear to extensively vary from small
dark, homogeneously colored to large pale, varie¬
gated individuals in an almost endless combination
of sizes and patterns (Plate 160 figs 2-4). Some fe¬
males also show an unusual extension of honey or
golden yellow patches on forewings, a feature seen
also in a few specimens from New Ireland in the
nearby Bismarck Archipelago. This complex situa¬
tion, coupled with the fact that no meaningful dif¬
ferences in the genitalia between the various forms
was found, leads us to suppose that despite some
differentiation there is gene exchange between the
various sets of populations and any taxonomic split
should better be based on genetic analyses hope¬
fully to come.
Another interesting situation, in which insularity
and evolutionary phenomena of founder’s effect
and genetic drift are likely playing a role, is that
possibly occurring in the Samoan Archipelago, from
where E phalonia is known since Walker’s ([1848])
description of Ophideres obliterans and has contin¬
uously been recorded over the time (Rebel 1910;
Comstock 1963; 1966; Sands & Liebregts 2005).
The available syntype of 0. obliterans and another
two old specimens from the archipelago appear as
fully characteristic, large-sized normal-patterned E
phalonia, whereas more recent material examined
by us consists of neatly smaller individuals with a
somewhat marked tendency towards reduction of
the discal spot of the hindwings (Plate 160 fig. 6).
In the Australian region, E phalonia is widespread
all over Wallacea and from New Guinea and North¬
ern and Eastern Australia eastwards on most is¬
lands of the intertropical belt (Viette 1948; 1949;
Waterhouse & Norris 1987; Davis et al. 2005), al¬
though records marginal or extralimital to the inter¬
tropical zone are considered to be due to strays or
accidental import, e.g. on Lord Flowe I., New Zea¬
land and Flawaii (Meyrick 1887; Turner 1918; Flol-
loway 1977; Fleu 1986; 1988). The easternmost
records in Oceania are from Flawaii (Fleu 1986),
Kiribati (Davis et al. 2005), Society Islands (Viette
1949) and Rapa I. (IcJ, in NFIMUK). As a matter of
fact, the whole Pacific populations are deemed to
be of recent origin from a primary Indomalay-pap-
uan range (Waterhouse 1997), not least because
on many islands Erythrina trees were deemed of
comparatively recent introduction (Cochereau
1977). In reality, a number of Erythrina spp. appear
to be indigenous in the Pacific, albeit their diffusion
was facilitated by man (Stone 1970; Thaman et al.
2000), and also a few endemic species are known
(St. John 1956; Barneby & Krukoff 1982; Wagner
et al. 1990).
We suspect therefore that the situation is more
complex and more waves of colonization and local
differentiation may have occurred, with ancestral
biotypes possibly still linked to the local Menisper-
maceae, also in consequence of the discovery of
related endemic taxa such as E oliveri and E step-
pingstonia which likely represent offshoots derived
from pha/on/a-like ancestors. Flistorical data at
least on presence of E phalonia in various islands
show that its spreading into the Pacific is not a
20^^ century phenomenon, as the species dates at
least from 1848 in Tahiti (J.N.E. Vesco leg.; Viette,
1949), 1858 in Samoa (Walker, [1858]), ante 1884
(NHMUK coll.) and 1886 in Fiji (Druce, 1888) and
1893 in Rapa I. (NFIMUK coll.). Waterhouse & Nor¬
ris (1987) also stated that the African populations
of E phalonia would have originated from the pri¬
mary oriental range, an assertion which may possi¬
bly be best verified with a modern phylogeographic
analysis.
A genetic characterization of the various popula¬
tions of E phalonia in Oceania, along with track¬
ing the network of their evolutionary relationships,
seems therefore advisable in order to better ad¬
dress control of this fruit pest in the Pacific. These
pieces of information would provide a baseline for a
more focused targeting of most harmful biotypes of
E phalonia with current control measures, includ¬
ing use of biocontrol agents such as egg and larval
parasitoids. In fact, these are being released in a
644
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
nunnber of islands (Muniappan et al. 2004; Sands
6 Liebregts 2005), but they nnight turn out detri-
nnental to the survival of other species of Eudocima
with restricted insular distributions.
Eudocima steppingstonia sp. nov. (Figs 6-8, 23,
plate 161 figs 1-3)
Described here above fronn Fatu Fliva in the South¬
ern Marquesas Islands.
Eudocima pauiii (Robinson, 1968) (Plate 162 figs
1-5)
Othreis pauiii Robinson, 1968. The Entomologist’s Re¬
cord and Journal of Variation 80 (10): 251, pi. 14, fig.
[unnunnbered], text-fig. 3. Type locality: Nandarivatu.
Type nnaterial: 6' holotype [by original designation], in
NHMUK (exannined).
A very variable species, endennic to Fiji Islands (Viti
Levu and Vanua Levu).
Eudocima jordani (Holland, 1900) (Plate 163 figs
1-2)
Ophideres jordani Holland, 1900. Novitates zoologicae
7 (3): 570. Type locality: [Buruj. Type nnaterial: 2(5' syn-
types, in CMNH.
This unnnistakable species ranges fronn Sulawesi,
the Moluccas (Hainnahera, Buru, Serann and Kei
Islands eastwards to New Guinea, NE Australia
(Queensland), the Bisnnarck Archipelago (Rook I.,
New Britain, New Ireland, New Hannover), Nissan I.
and New Caledonia.
Eudocima dividens (Walker, [1858]) (Plate 163
figs 3-4)
Ophideres dividens Walker, [1858]). List of the Speci¬
mens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum 13: 1228. Type locality: Java. Type nnate¬
rial: sex originally unspecified but description only com¬
patible with female sex, $ holotype [by monotypy], in
NHMUK (examined).
A SW Asian elennent occurring in the Philippines
and in Sundaland fronn Peninsular Malaysia to Java
whose distribution extends in Wallacea to the is¬
land of Sulawesi.
Eudocima saiaminia (Cramer, [1777]) (Plate 164
figs 1-5)
Phalaena Noctua saiaminia Cramer, [1777]. De uitland-
sche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen
Asia, Africa en America by een verzameld en beschree-
ven 2: 117 [text], 150 [index], pi. 174, fig. A [name dates
from the index]. Type locality: China; wrongly recorded
by Zilli & Hogenes (2002) as Suriname. Type material:
number and sexes originally unspecified, probably lost.
Widespread all over the Indoaustralian region fronn
India and Sri Lanka to the Central Pacific (Fiji, Sa-
nnoa and Tonga) (Viette 1948, and original observa¬
tion) and in the Eastern sector of the Palaeartic, as
far north as Korea and Japan, it also been record¬
ed fronn Madagascar (e.g. Hannpson 1894), likely
on the basis of strays or spurious specinnens and
not confirnned fronn that island anynnore (cf. Viette
1990). Another option is that Hannpson relied on
a specinnen preserved in NHMUK labelled as fronn
“Mad”, an abbreviation which could well stand
also for “Madras”. In the old literature it has also
been repeatedly recorded fronn continental Africa,
nnostly as subsequent quotations based on Hannp-
son’s (1902) fronn Grahannstown (South Africa),
but this record has explicitly been recognized by
Pinhey (1975) as due to error. We are unaware of
any reasons for its quotation fronn Central Africa by
Kononenko & Pinratana (2005).
The species appears quite honnogeneous in habi¬
tus all over the Oriental and Palaearctic parts of its
range, and in the nnost western districts of the Aus¬
tralian one, fronn Wallacea to New Guinea, Austra¬
lia and the Bisnnarck Archipelago. In the Solonnon
Archipelago, however, populations are constantly
characterised by a duller, brownish rather than
greenish color of the forewing subtriangular patch,
a nnuch broader black distal band of the hindwings,
and less elongated shape of forewings. Individuals
with this pattern have so far been observed in Bou¬
gainville, ChoiseuI, Treasury Is, New Georgia group
(Vella Lavella, Kulanbangra (= Kolonnbangara) I.,
New Georgia), Nggela (= Florida) Is, Santa Isabel
and Guadalcanal, where all exannined specinnens
confornn to this phenotype. In directly adjoining
islands such as Nissan I. and Rennel I. the indi¬
viduals correspond to the western phenotype. The
genitalia of these specinnens, however, did not re¬
veal any nneaningful differences with respect to the
nornnally-patterned E. saiaminia fronn other areas
of the species range. We refrain fronn describing
a fornnal subspecies to depict this otherwise well-
characterized and geographically consistent set of
populations because sonne of their features hap¬
pen to occur, albeit nnore weakly expressed, in
other nnore southern islands to the Solonnons such
as New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji. This evidence
leads us to suppose that in the Pacific area there
are ongoing faunal exchanges which nnay con¬
tribute to the diffusion of particular genetic traits
which originated in senni-isolated populations in dif¬
ferent islands. In Tonga and Sannoa the individuals
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
appear fully nornnally-patterned again.
Eudocima nigricilia (A.E. Prout, 1924) (Plate 163
figs 5-6)
Eumaenas salami nia nigricilia A.E. Prout, 1924. The Bul¬
letin of the Hill Museum 1 (3): 449. Type locality: Dutch
New Guinea: Mount Kunupi, Menoo Valley, Weyland
Mountains, 6,000 feet. Type nnaterial: 6' holotype [by
original designation], in NHMUK (exannined).
So far known fronn New Guinea only. Incorrectly
ranked as a subspecies of Eudocima salaminia
(Cranner, [1777]) by Kononenko & Pinratana (2005).
Eudocima materna (Linnaeus, 1767) (Plate 165
figs 1-2)
Phalaena materna Linnaeus, 1767. Systema Naturae
(Editio duodecima reformata) 1 (2): 840. Type locality:
in Indiis. Type nnaterial: nunnber and sexes originally un¬
specified, but description connpatible with fennale only;
$ lectotype designated by Mikkola & Honey (1993), in
LSUK (picture exannined).
= Noctua hybrida Fabric! us, 1775. Systema Ento-
mologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera,
species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, ob-
servationibus: 593. Type locality: India... nova Hollandia.
Type nnaterial: nunnber and sexes originally unspecified,
but description connpatible only with females and based
on at least two syntypes; Fabrician material referable to
Noctua hybrida is at ZMUC (Zimsen 1964), but its type
status requires probation, $ syntype (ex coll. Banks) in
NHMUK (examined).
= Ophideres chalcogramma Walker, 1865. List of
the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum 33: 937. Type locality: Zambesi
River. Type material: originally unspecified number of
male(s), likely one; types not traced and probably lost.
Widespread in the African, S Palaearctic and Indo-
australian regions up to the Central Pacific, in sonne
areas of its vast range the species seenns quite
scarcer than in others, so there is a particular pau¬
city of records fronn east of the Indian subcontinent
to the Philippines in the north and New Guinea in
the east, whereas the species seenns to beconne
nnore connnnon in Australia and the Pacific. This
species is replaced in the Annericas by the vicariant
Eudocima apta (Walker, [1858]).
Eudocima martini sp. nov. (Figs 18-19, 27-28, pla¬
te 165 figs 3-5)
Described here above fronn the Solonnon Archipel¬
ago.
Eudocima kuehni (Pagenstecher, 1886) (Plate
161 fig. 4-6, plate 166 fig. 5)
Ophideres kuhni Pagenstecher, 1886. Jahrbucher des
nassauischen Vereins fur Naturkunde 39: 137 (as
kuhni, incorrect original spelling), pi. 10, fig. 6 (as kuhnii,
misspelling). Type locality: Neu-Guinea. Type material: 6'
holotype [by original designation], incorrectly stated in
the original description to be a female, in MWNH.
= Lagoptera pratti Bethune-Baker, 1906 syn. rev.
Novitates zoologicae 13 (2): 260. Type locality: Mafalu,
6000 ft. Type material: 6' holotype [by monotypy], in
NHMUK (examined).
Lagoptera pratti Bethune-Baker, 1906 was de¬
scribed on the basis of a nnale specinnen fronn
Mafalu, New Guinea (Bethune-Baker, 1906). The
outstanding nnarkings of the holotype never left
any doubt about the fact it was conspecific with the
species that had before been nanned as Ophideres
kuehni Pagenstecher, 1886, a strongly sexually di-
nnorphic species fronn the Papuan region (Pagen¬
stecher, 1886). In fact, this is possibly the only one
out of all the world species of Eudocima that show
sexual dinnorphisnn in which the nnale is nnore strik¬
ingly patterned than the fennale, a fact that also ex¬
plains the original Pagenstecher’s (1886) nnistake
about the sex of the holotype. Accordingly, Lagop¬
tera pratti was sunken into synonynny with Ophi¬
deres kuehni and connbined as such e.g. in Poole
(1989) and Zilli & Hogenes (2002). In the list by Za-
spel & Branhann (2008), however, “Eudocima prat-
ti“ was raised to species status. This happened in
consequence of the exannination by these authors
of a series of E. proiai Zilli, Hogenes, 2002 in a
tennporary drawer of the supplennentary collection
at the NHMUK which was bearing an external label
“pratti”, so they assunned that “E. pratti” was a conn-
pletely differently looking species fronn E. kuehni. In
reality, the holotype of Lagoptera pratti was avail¬
able in the nnain collection, always at the NHMUK,
and this unannbiguously corresponds to a nnale E.
kuehni, whereas E. proiai, which had however been
nnaintained as valid by Zaspel & Branhann (2008),
is a nnarkedly different species (see above). The
fact that the holotype of Lagoptera pratti is actually
the specinnen illustrated here (Plate 161 fig. 5) is
further dennonstrated by the existence of a portrait
of its annong those connnnissioned by G.F. Hannpson
on types which were not available to hinn during the
preparation of his nnanuscripts (Plate 166 fig. 5).
Interestingly, in addition to the unusual condition of
the expression of sexual dinnorphisnn in E. kuehni,
this species shows several anonnalous characters
with respect to other Eudocima, so its actual sys-
tennatic placennent within this genus has to be con-
646
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
Figures 1-5. Male genitalia of Eudocima species. 1-3 - E. oliveri sp. nov.: 1 - Holotype, genital capsula; 2 - ditto,
aedeagus; 3 - Paratype, genital capsula; 4-5 -E. phalonia (L, 1763), Solomon Islands: 4 - Genital capsula; 5 -
aedeagus.
647
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Figures 6-12. Male genitalia of Eudocima species. 6-8 - E. steppingstonia sp. nov., holotype: 6-7 - Genital cap-
sula; 8 - Aedeagus; 9-12 -E. talboti (A.E. Prout, 1922): 9 - Syntype, genital capsula; 10 - ditto, aedeagus;
11 - Specinnen fronn Mefor, genital capsula; 12 - ditto, aedeagus.
648
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
Figures 13-20. Male genitalia of Eudocima species. 13 & 20 - E. paulii (Robinson, 1968), Fiji: 13 - Genital capsu-
la; 20 - Aedeagus; 14-15 - E. cajeta (Cranner, [1775]), Sri Lanka: 14 - Genital capsula; 15 - Aedeagus; 16-17 - E.
srivijayana (Banziger, 1985), Sulawesi: 16 - Genital capsula; 17 - Aedeagus; 18-19 - E. martini sp. nov., holotype:
18 - Genital capsula; 19 - Aedeagus.
649
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Figures 21-29. Fennale genitalia of Eudocima species. 21 - E. oliveri sp. nov., paratype; 22 - E. phalonia (L.,
1763), Malay Peninsula; 23 - E. steppingstonia sp. nov., paratype; 24 - E. talboti (A.E. Prout, 1922), Flainnahera;
25- E. cajeta (Cranner, [1775]), Thailand; 26 - E. srivijayana (Banziger, 1985), Sunnatra; 27 - E. martini sp. nov.,
paratype; 28 - E. cf. martini sp. nov. Guadalcanal; 29 - E. pauiii (Robinson, 1968), Fiji.
650
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem, C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
(plates 152-166)
sidered as tennporary.
So far known fronn the Moluccas (Serann), Kei Is¬
lands, New Guinea, Supiori I., Rook I., New Britain,
Goodenough I. and Fergusson I.
[Eudocima princeps Boisduval, 1832 nomen du-
bium]
Ophideres princeps Boisduval, 1832. Voyage de decou-
vertes de r Astrolabe execute par ordre du Roi, pendant
les annees 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commande-
ment de M. J. Dumont d’Urville. Faune entomologique
de /'Ocean Pacifique 1. Lepidopteres: 245. Type locality:
Nouvelle-Guinee, environs de Dorey. Type nnaterial: un¬
specified, probably lost.
The contradictory connbination of characters in the
original description of Ophideres princeps by Bois¬
duval (1832), hardly connpatible with any species of
Eudocima fronn the Papuan region, was thoroughly
discussed by Zilli & Hogenes (2002). As a nnatter
of fact, the nanne has been variously interpreted
and associated with different species of Eudocima,
also fronn other zoogeographical regions. In the ab¬
sence of any types, the only possible solution was
that of ranking the nanne as nonnen dubiunn (Zilli &
Hogenes, 2002). Nonetheless, Zaspel & Branhann
(2008) followed directly Poole (1989) and listed
it again as a synonynn of phalonia. As no new evi¬
dence in support for this interpretation has so far
been found, the rationale for nnaintaining this as a
nonnen dubiunn is still fully in place, and we thus
rennove it fronn synonynny with Phalaena phalonia
Linnaeus, 1763.
It should be noticed that the generic nanne Ophi¬
deres Boisduval, 1832, long used for nnany of the
species currently treated within Eudocima, is based
on Ophideres princeps after nnonotypy, but the fact
that this is an unrecognised species has no direct
bearing on nonnenclature of the group as long as
Eudocima Billberg, 1820 takes priority and there
are sonne other older synonynns available.
Discussion and conciusion
So far 21 species of Eudocima have been as¬
sessed to occur fronn Wallacea eastwards to the
Central Pacific. Contrary to the situation at the
beginning of this work, the pattern of species rich¬
ness of the genus in the area turned out quite nnore
balanced between the two sides of the Australian
region. In fact, at the tinne of Viette (1948) the
open Pacific was thought to have been colonized
only by three widespread species, nannely E. sala-
minia, E. phalonia and E. materna. Subsequently,
Robinson (1968) discovered the Fijian endemic, E.
paulii. This one and the newly identified E. oliveri
sp. nov. from the Vanuatu and the far eastern E.
steppingstonia sp. nov. show that also the Pacific
has its own component of richness in species of
Eudocima. The latter two are clearly members of
the phalonia-group, present with E. phalonia itself
in the area, but the strongly modified structural fea¬
tures of E. steppingstonia, notably its most extraor¬
dinary uncus, demonstrate antiquity of presence of
the group even in the Central Pacific. As discussed
in the special part, it was also shown that the situa¬
tion of nominotypical phalonia in the Pacific is pos¬
sibly more complex than suspected so that a better
knowledge of the genetic structure and relation¬
ships between the various populations of this fruit¬
piercing moth should better be gained. In fact, this
would help more selective tuning of current control
measures in the area in order to prevent that less
harmful strains and, ultimately, extremely localised
insular endemics such as those accounted on here
will be affected.
From a biogeographical point of view worth
of note is that species of Eudocima show a variety
of distribution patterns in the Wallacean-Austra-
lian region, but there are none whose limits fully
matches with Wallace’s line. There are widespread,
almost subcosmopolitan elements such as E. pha¬
lonia and E. materna. Also E. salaminia is similarly
widespread, and with a greater extension into the E
Palaearctic, although its presence in the Afrotropi-
cal region has never really been confirmed. There
are Melanesian endemics restricted to single archi¬
pelagos (E. oliveri, E. martini and E. paulii), remote
far Pacific relics (E. steppingstonia), strictly Papuan
elements (E. prolai and E. nigricilia) or Papuan-
centered elements extended to the Bismarck archi¬
pelago (E. muscigera) and Australia (E. iridescens).
Another Australo-Papuan element in the wide
sense, E.jordani, actually stretches from Wallace’s
Line eastwards to the Bismarck Archipelago, and
southwards to Northeast Australia, but it only oc¬
curs in north Wallacea (Sulawesi, Moluccas), and is
actually missing in the southern district of this re¬
gion. Eudocima kuehnei is similarly centered on the
Papuan region but its range is more contracted and
does not extend west of the Moluccas and in Aus¬
tralia. Other elements are either Moluccan, viz. E.
caesarand E. talboti, although records of the latter
from Waigeo and the Cenderawasih Bay make its
presence in the Doberai Peninsula likely, broadly In-
doaustralian (E. cocalus, E. aurantia, the latter also
in the SE Palaearctic) or essentially oriental spe¬
cies which extend into Wallacea albeit only in part.
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
viz. E. discrepans, E. homaena, E. srivijayana and
E. dividens. It should be stressed, however, that
after its current appreciation the genus is possibly
heterogeneous, with several lineages sonnetinnes
corresponding with the old generic concepts of its
synonynnous nannes, whose phylogenetic relation¬
ships should be assessed. This analysis would be
required in order to properly appreciate radiation of
the group in the study area. Prelinninarly, if we con¬
sider species pairs or groups of clearly related taxa,
they usually show strict vicariance patterns. This is
the case within the pairs E. discrepans-E. muscig-
era and E. hypermnestra-E. coca I us (but see conn-
nnents in the special section to the latter), or the
ainnost geographically regular substitutions which
take place annong E. cajeta, E. srivijayana and E.
taiboti or E. homaena, E. caesar and E. iridescens.
In two cases we seem to have full overlap between
related species, they are E. saiaminia and E. nigri-
ciiia in New Guinea and E. oiiveri and E. phaionia
in the Vanuatu. In the latter instance, however, we
still need final probation of the various islands on
which the two actually coexist. Diversification has
thus seemingly followed either allo-parapatric or
sympatric models, pathways which can both be
traced also in the differentiation shown by E. saia¬
minia and E. phaionia in the Solomon archipelago.
Environmental heterogeneity such as in New Guin¬
ea or multi-colonization events such as in the case
of smaller islands are the most likely determinants
of sympatric occurrences of close allies.
Despite our insights into all species from the
Wallacean-Australian region the identity of the
original concept of Ophideres princeps Boisduval,
1832 unfortunately remains in doubt, nonetheless
that of another long standing nomen dubium, Ophi¬
deres caesar C. Felder, 1861, could eventually be
resolved following the discovery of a so far unrec¬
ognised syntype.
Acknowledgements
Realisation ofthis study would not have been
possible without the collaboration of numerous
colleagues who helped us in many respects, not
least providing access to the collections under their
care, supplying essential pieces of information or
allowing use of pictures, namely Paul Z. Goldstein
and Scott E. Miller (NMNH), Jeremy D. Holloway
(NHMUK), Wolfgang Speidel (Zoologische Staats-
sammlung Munich, Germany), Henry S. Barlow
(Genting Highlands), Gottfried Behounek (Grafing),
Martin Honey (NHMUK), Ryan St Laurent (Cornell
University, Ithaca, U.S.A.) and Rob de Vos (NBC,
Leiden). Grateful thanks go also to the staff of the
Library of NHMUK for kind assistance in consulta¬
tion of rare items, to G. Behounek and W. Speidel
for thorough review of the manuscript, and to the
College of Agriculture and Department of Entomol¬
ogy at Purdue University (West Lafayette, U.S.A.) for
funding in support of the project.
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pensis bibliopolii academici novi, Kiliae: xii + 116
+ [1] pp.
Zaspel J.M., Branham M.A. 2008. World checklist of
tribe Calpini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Calpinae). -
Insecta Mundi 47: 1-15.
Zilli A., Hogenes W. 2002. An annotated list of the fruit
piercing moth genus Eudocima Billberg, 1820
(sensu Poole) with descriptions of four new species
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Catocalinae). - Quadri-
fina 5: 153-207.
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Munksgaard, Copenhagen: 1-656.
Received: 29.03.2017.
655
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
Index to new taxa described in this voiume
1 new tribe
5 new genera
3 new subgenera
22 new species and subspecies
acutipennis, Aprosictus 331
albimarginalis, Cyana (Cryptanaema) 599
albipennis, Xylobanus 367
albonigrus, Cautires 364
albrechti, Palaina (s. I.) 205
alveolatus, Thyreocephalus 50
amberiana, Ophiotettix 546
angg/ens/s, Cladophorus 382
arfakense, Porrostoma 368
arfakianus, Australobolbus 460
armellae, Aprosictus 332
attenboroughi, Palaina (s. I.) 208
avicollaris, Cladophorus 372
ayamam, Macratria 470
Baitetacoris gen. nov. 72
bellamyi Endelus (s. str.) 351
berdnikovi, Macratria 472
bewana, Ophiotettix 547
binigrofasciata, Cyana (Cyana) 590
bomberaiensis, Ophiotettix 548
bougainvillei, Palaina (s. I.) 212
brailovskyi, Carpinterocoris 60
breiensis, Lecithocera 428
brevicollis, Ophiotettix 549
brunneus, Cautires 388
bupuensis, Cladophorus 37 2
buruanus, Orphinus (s. str.) 320
buruensis, Duplipectus 321
Candidas, Plateros 369
carbonipennis, Cladophorus 381
Carpinterocoris gen. nov. 58
cautiromimum, Porrostoma 396
cheesmanae, Ophiotettix 551
cirratus, Procautires 401
citak, Macratria 472
cochieiformis, Metriorrhynchus 394
Cryptanaema subgen. nov., Cyana 597
cyanipennis, Trachyaphthona
{Longitarselia) 425
degroofi, Duplipectus 328
dekkerae, Sphenomorphus 36
dentimarginata, Cyana (Clerckia) 592
depressa, Ophiotettix 552
dianctoides, Palaina (s. I.) 220
diiatoscapus, Aprosictus 333
dituaoides, Cautires 389
656
Index to newtaxa
657
Telnov, D. et al. (eds) 2017: Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, III
tamarau, Chariochilus 463
tanimbarensis, Palaina (s. I.) 263
telefominensis, Ophiotettix 575
telnovi, Cladophorus 378
telnovi, Diplommatina (s. I.) 186
telnovi, Endelus {Papuadelus) 350
telnovi, Epuraea (Haptoncus) 404
telnovi, Palaina (s. I.) 263
telnovi, Pyrrhalta 421
telnovi, Scaphisoma 415
telnovi, Stethotes 420
telnovi, Coenobius 419
tenuis, Ophiotettix 575
ternatensis, Aprosictus 343
tertius, Cladophorus 381
thomasrinteleni, Palaina (s. I.) 264
thoracica, Phainodina 421
timorensis, Diplommatina (s. I.) 188
tomcelli, Moussonia 200
toxopei, Ophiotettix 576
tricoloripennis, Cautires 392
trimaculata, Sutrea 425
turschi, Baitetacoris 73
uperensis, Metriorrhynchus 394
variicomis, Pseudodontocerus 386
vermeuleni, Palaina (s. I.) 265
vikhrevi, Metrioguinus 366
viilosus, Pseudodontocerus 387
viridiaenea, Manobia 424
vitiosus, Metriorrhynchus 395
waigeo, Palaina (s. I.) 266
waigeoensis, Diplommatina (s. I.) 189
wawiyai, Palaina (s. I.) 267
weigeli, Cladophorus 37 9
yamdena, Palaina (s. I.) 269
zhengi, Sabactiopus 109
zwieri, Cyana (Cryptanaema) 602
658
Plate 1
Shea, G.M.: The identity of Lygosoma (Hinulia) misolense Vogt, 1928 (Squannata: Scincidae)
Figures 1-3. Lygosoma misolense Vogt, 1928. 1 - Lectotype (ZMB 31523); 2 - Paralectotype (ZMB 64387)
3 - Details of dorsal and dorsolateral scalation of the paralectotype.
Plate 2
Shea, G.M.: Generic allocation of the enignnatic scincid lizard Lygosoma inconspicuum fronn Sulawesi ...
Figure 1. Holotype of Lygosoma inconspicuum F. Muller, 1895: NFIMB 4742.
Plate 3
Shea, G.M.: Generic allocation of the enignnatic scincid lizard Lygosoma inconspicuum fronn Sulawesi ...
Figures 1-2. Scincid lizards fronn Wallacea. 1 - Details of ventral surface of right hind foot and preanal region of
holotype of Lygosoma inconspicuum F. Muller, 1895; 2 - One of the three extant syntypes of Lygosoma (Mocoa)
noctua var. ternatensis Peters, Doria, 1878. All three syntypes are registered under the nunnber MSNG 27976, and
are not individually tagged.
Plate 4
Shea, G.M.: A new species of Sphenomorphus (Squannata: Scincidae) fronn the Doberai Peninsula .
Figures 1-2. Sphenomorphus dekkerae sp. nov. 1 - Paratype; 2 - Holotype.
Plate 5
Shea, G.M.: A new species of Sphenomorphus (Squannata: Scincidae) fronn the Doberai Peninsula ...
Figures 1-2. Sphenomorphus consobrinus (Peters, Doria, 1878). 1 - One of the syntypes (MSNG 27875) fronn
“Batjan” (Pulau Bacan); 2 - Specinnen fronn Halmahera (SMF 14458).
Plate 6
Shea, G.M.: A new species oi Sphenomorphus (Squannata: Scincidae) fronn the Doberai Peninsula ...
Figures 1-2. Dense low dry sclerophyll forest of the Ayannaru area on Doberai Peninsula, West New Guinea
(photos: D. Telnov, 2015).
Plate 7
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-9. Miridae fronn Baiteta Forest. Bryocorinae, Eccritotarsini, dorsal view. 1 - Bromeliaemiris moroben-
sis Carvalho, 1981a (FC n° 4141); 2 - Bryocorellisca pilosa Carvalho, 1981 (FC n° 5139); 3-6 - Carpinterocoris
brailovskyi gen. nov., sp. nov; 3 - Flabitus, paratype $ FC n° 5087; 4-6 - Variability of hennelytral colouration; 4-5
- Paratype $ FC n° 4142; 6 -Paratype $ FC n° 5085; 7 - Harpedona gressitti Stonedahl, 1988b (FC n° 5126);
8 - Nabirecoris minutus Carvalho, 1981 (FC n° 5127); 9 - Prodromus oculatus (Poppius, 1912e) (FC n° 5125)
[scale bars 1 nnnn].
Plate 8
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-13. Miridae fronn Baiteta Forest. Cylapinae, dorsal view. 1 - Bakeriola sp. FC n 5121; 2 - Bothriomiris
sp. (FC n° 4162); 3 - Bironiella metallescens Poppius, 1909 (FC n° 5075a); 4 - Cylapofulvius punctatus Poppius,
1909, lectotype 6'; 5 - Fulvius constant'! Gorczyca, 2004 (FC n° 4175); 6 - Fulvius nigricornis Poppius, 1909 (FC
n°4176); 7 - Fulvius pallidus Poppius, 1909 (FC n° 4168); 8 - Fulvius stysi Cherot, Gorczyca, 2008, paratype (FC
n° 5140); 9 - Fulvius subnitens Poppius, 1909 (FC n° 4165); 10 - Fulvius variegatus Poppius, 1909 (FC n° 4162);
11 - Perltropis sulawesica Gorczyca, 2006b; 12 - Palaucorls novaguineae (Ghauri, 1975) (FC n°5079); 13 - Van-
niusoides brevis (Poppius, 1909) (FC n° 5139) [scale bars 1 nnnn].
Plate 9
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-10. Miridae fronn Baiteta Forest. Deraeocorinae, Deraeocorini. 1 - Araspus gressitti Carvalho, 1984a
(FC n° 5119); 2 - Fingulus novobritanicus Stonedahl, Cassis, 1991 (FC n° 4143); 3 - Papuacoris vittatus (Reuter,
1908) (FC n° 5116); 4-7 - Missacoris sigwaltae gen. nov., sp. nov., holotype 4 - Flabitus, dorsal view (legs
rennoved); 5 - ditto, lateral view; 6 - Scutellunn and clavii (detail), dorsal view; 7 - Scutellunn and left hennelytra,
latero-dorsal view; 8-10 - Baitetacoris turschi gen. nov., sp. nov., paratype (FC n° 5109): 8 - Flabitus, dorsal view;
9 - Scutellunn, lateral view; 10 - Scutellunn and left clavus, latero-dorsal view [scale bar 1 mm, except fig. 6 scale
bars 0.1 mm and figs 5, 8-10 scale bars 0.5 mm].
Plate 10
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-12. Miridae fronn Baiteta Forest with several taxa exannined for connparison. Deraeocorinae, Saturnionniri-
ni, dorsal view. 1-2 - Garainamiris antennatus Carvalho, 1981b, S (FC n° 4154) and $ (FC n° 4151); 3 - Chees-
maniella clavonigra Carvalho, 1984 (FC n° 4212); 4 - Cheesmaniella fasciata Carvalho, 1984 (FC n° 4211); 5 -
Cheesmaniella nigra Carvalho, 1984 (FC n° 4210); 6 - Cheesmaniella notomaculata Carvalho, 1984 (FC n° 4209);
7 - Imogen b/co/or (Poppius, 1912b) (FC n° 4146); 8 - Imogen fasciatus Carvalho, 1983 (FC n° 4144); 9 - Imogen
formosa Kirkaldy, 1905 (FC n° 4206); 10 - Imogen papuensis Carvalho, 1983 (FC n° 4145); 11 - Saturniomiris
lugens (Walker, 1873) (FC n° 4208); 12 - Synthlipsis ternatensis (Distant, 1904), syntype (FC n° 5353) [scale bars
1 nnnn].
Plate 11
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-7. Miridae fronn Baiteta Forest. Mirinae Flyalopeplini and Cylapinae Vanniini, dorsal view. 1 - Guisardinus
neoguineanus Carvalho in Carvalho et Gross, 1979 (FC n° 3853); 2 - Guisardus strigicoHis Poppius, 1912a (FC n°
3937); 3 - HyalopepHnus papuensis Carvalho in Carvalho et Gross, 1979 (FC n° 3832); 4 - Hyalopeploides cyane-
scens Poppius, 1912a (FC n° 351); 5 - Hyalopeplus similis Poppius, 1912c (FC n° 3833); 6-7 - Palaucoris novagu-
ineae (Ghauri, 1975): 6 - Flabitus, dorsal view (FC n°5080); 7 - ditto, lateral view (FC n° 5082) [scale bars 1 nnnn].
Plate 12
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-6. Guisardus strigicollis Poppius, 1912. Colouration variability in Baiteta Forest’s specinnens. 1 - $ (FC
n°3886); 2 - (5' (FC n° 3917) with dark head, pronotunn and scutellunn; 3 - 6' (FC n° 3868) with pronotal spot
ainnost erased; 4 - Sanne 6' specinnen, detail of the scutellunn (arrows indicate each of the three dark punctures);
5 - 6' (FC n° 3867), detail of the scutellunn (arrows showing clear punctures); 6 - 6' (FC n° 3868), detail of the
scutellunn [scale bar 0.1 mm, except fig. 1 scale bar 1 mm and fig. 2 scale bars 0.2 mm].
Plate 13
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-14. Miridae fronn Baiteta Forest with several taxa exannined for connparison. Mirinae, Mirini, dorsal view.
1-4 - Adelphocorisella brunnescens (Poppius, 1915a): 1-6' (FC n° 3839); 2 - $ FC n° 268; 3 - Flolotype (6 fronn
Sinnbang, Fluon Golf (ZMFIF); 4 - $ (FC n° 4263); 5 - Adelphocorisella lespedezae Miyannoto, Yasunaga, 1993,
paratype $ (FC n° 204); 6-7 - Macrolygus rubrus (Carvalho, 1987b): 6 -Paratype (6 (FC n° 4259); 7 - (6 (FC n°
3850); 8 - Miyamotoa rubicunda Yasunaga, 1990, paratype $ (FC n° 223); 9 - Gigantomiris Jupiter Miyannoto,
Yasunaga, 1988, (6 (FC n° 219); 10 - Macrolygus viridulus Yasunaga, 1992, $ (FC n° 230); 11 - Aristopeplus im-
perialis Poppius, 1912a, $ (FC n ° 3852); 12-13 - Aristopeplus divisus (Walker, 1873), holotype (6 (FC n ° NE14) and
$ (FC n° 1317) respectively; 14 - Aristopeplus regalis Poppius, 1912, lectotype $ (FC n° 4934) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 14
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-11. Miridaefronn Baiteta Forest with several taxa exannined for connparison. Mirinae, Mirini. 1-3 - Prolygus
e/ranno/ sp. nov., variability in patches extension and shape, dorsal view: 1 - Paratype $ (FC n° 4027); 2 - Paratype
$ (FC n° 4019); 3 - Paratype 6' (FC n° 4018); 4 - Prolygus polhemusorum sp. nov., paratype, dorsal view FC n°
4015; 5 - Argenis incisuratus (Walker, 1873), dorsal view (FC n° 4413); 6 - Bertsa lankana (Kirby, 1891) (FC n°
3894); 7-9 - Diognetus intonsus Distant, 1904c, dorsal view: 7 - Lectotype $; 8 - Lectotype $ of Diognetus litera¬
tus (Distant, 1909b) syn. nov., head, left hennelytra and abdonnen, ventral view; 9-6' (FC n° 3989) fronn Baiteta
Forest, dorsal view; 10 - Diognetus pilosus (Poppius, 1914a), holotype $ of G. pilosa connb. nov. FC n° 935, dorsal
view; 11 - Eurystylus costalls Stal, 1871, dorsal view (FC n° 4014a) [scale bars 1 nnnn].
Plate 15
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-6. Variability of several character states in Argenis incisuratus (Walker, 1873) fronn Baiteta Forest (see text
for details). 1-3 - Coloration of dorsal surface of head: 1 - 6' (FC n ° 3815); 2 - (5' (FC n ° 3810); 3 - 6' (FC n ° 3816)
[scale bar 1 nnnn]; 4-6 - Colouration of pronotunn: 4 - S (FC n° 3799); 5 - $ (FC n° 4011); 6-6' (FC n° 3798)
[scale bars 0.5 nnnn].
Plate 16
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-9. Variability of several character states in Argenis incisuratus (Walker, 1873) fronn Baiteta Forest (see text
for details). 1-3 - Developnnent and colouration of globose hunneral angles of pronotunn: 1-6' (FC n° 4009); 2 -
Specinnen of unknown sex (FC n ° 3814); 3-6' (FC n ° 3800); 4-6 - Developnnent and colouration of pronotal hunnp:
4 - 6' (FC n° 3800); 5 - 6' (FC n° 3806); 6 - 6' (FC n°4009); 7-9 - Developnnent of silvery patches of clavus; 7-6'
(FC n° 3800); 8 - Specinnen of unknown sex(FC n° 3814); 9-6' (FC n° 3825) [scale bars 0.5 mm].
Plate 17
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-7. Miridaefronn Baiteta Forest with several taxa exannined for connparison. Mirinae, Mirini, dorsal view. 1-2
- Prolygus erimensis (Poppius, 1914a): 1 - Lectotype $ (FC n° 5064); 2 - $ (FC n° 4068); 3 - Prolygus cf. femo-
ralis, S (FC n° 4031) (legs and antennae partially rennoved); 4-5 - Prolygus polhemusorum sp. nov.: 4 - Paratype $
(FC n° 5136a); 5 - Flolotype 6' (FC n° 4053); 6 - “Lygus” incertae sedis near to Prolygus] 7 - Sabactlopus zhengl
sp. nov., holotype 6' [scale bars 1 nnnn].
Plate 18
Cherot, R, Gorczyca, J., Schwartz, M.D. & Demol, T.: The Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae ...
Figures 1-13. Miridae fronn Baiteta Forest with several taxa exannined for connparison. Mirinae, Mirini and Stenode-
mini, dorsal view. 1 - Tinginotopsis camelus Poppius, 1915a, $ (FC n° 3899); 2 - Tinginotum knowlesi (Kirkaldy,
1908), 6' (FC n° 3904); 3 - Warrisia huonensis (Poppius, 1914b), 6' (FC n° 1083); 4 - Lasiomiris neoguineanus
Carvalho, Afonso, 1977 (FC n° 4071); 5-7 - Waucoris wauensis Carvalho, 1987b: 5-6 - Paratypes (respectively
FC n°s 4266 and 4265); 7 - $ fronn Baiteta Forest (FC n°3854); 8-9 - Waucoris papuanus (Poppius, 1915a): 8 -
Flolotype $; 9 - $ fronn Normanby Island (FC n°4261); 10 - Waucoris iongipes (Poppius, 1915a), holotype 6'; 11-13
- Waucoris keyensis (Poppius, 1915a): 11-6' from Bismarck Archipelago (ZMFIF); 12 - Flolotype 13 - $ from
Bisinamu (FC n° 4262) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 19
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-13. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Diancta s. str. Martens, 1864. 1-10 - Diancta (s. str.) constricta (Martens,
1864): 1-4 - Lectotype in apertural, abapertural, lateral, and top view; 5-10 - Specimen from Tidore Island (8-10
- Operculum, outer surface (8), inner surface (9) and lateral view (10)); 11-13 - D. (s. str.) multiplicata von Mollen-
dorff, 1902, holotype; photos: SMF [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 20
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-14. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Diancta s. str. Martens, 1864. 1-10 - Diancta (s. str.) halmaherica sp. nov.:
I- 3 - Holotype in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; 4-10 - Paratypefrom 10 km SWTilope vill.: 7 - Four pala-
talis as seen through the shell wall); 8-10 - Operculum, outer surface (8), inner surface (9) and lateral view (10);
II- 14 - D. (s. str.) obiensis sp. nov., holotype [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 21
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-17. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Diancta s. str. Martens, 1864 & Diplommatina s. I. Benson, 1849. 1-5 -
Diancta (s. str.) torta 0. Boettger, 1891, holotype in apertural, abapertural, lateral and top view and four palatalis
as seen through the shell wall; photos 1-4: SMF; 6-9 - Syntype Diplommatina (s. I.) baliana (Fulton, 1899), photos:
BMNFI; 10-13 - D. (s. I.) decollata van Benthem Jutting, 1958, holotype and juvenile paratype in apertural view (13);
14-17 - D. (s. I.) slapcinskyi sp. nov., holotype (14-16) and paratype’s aperture (17) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 22
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-17. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Diplommatina s. I. Benson, 1849. 1-7 - Diplommatina (s. I.) floresiana E.A.
Smith, 1897, specimen from Ranamese env. (Flores Island; 1-3) in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view and
specimens from Mount Ranaka (Flores Island; 4-7); 8-17 - D. (s. I.) jonabletti sp. nov.: 8-11 - Syntype D. floresiana,
photos: BMNFI; 12-17 - Specimen from Mount Ranaka (Flores Island) (9 - Top view; 11 - Basal view); 16-17 - Oper¬
culum, outer (16) and inner surface (17) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 23
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-22. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Diplommatina s. I. Benson, 1849. 1-6 - Diplommatina (s. I.) floris B. Rensch,
1931, holotype (1-3) and paratype (4-6) in apertural, abapertural, lateral, and top view; 7-13 - D. (s. I.) fluminis B.
Rensch, 1931, paratype (7-9) and specimens from Noilmina env. (Timor Island; 10-13); 14-18 - D. (s. I.) javana von
Mollendorff, 1897, holotype D. javana orientalis B. Rensch, 1931 (14-17) and paratype (18) D. javana orientalis;
19-22 - D. (s. I.) lombockensis E.A. Smith, 1898, syntype; photos: BMNH [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 24
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-23. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Diplommatina s. I. Benson, 1849. 1-7 - Diplommatina (s. I.) leucopsis van
Benthem Jutting, 1958, holotype (1-3), adult paratype (4-6) and juvenile paratype (7) in apertural, abapertural, and
lateral view; 8-13 - D. (s. I.) lucifuga van Benthem Jutting, 1958, holotype (8-10) and paratype (11-13); 14-17 - D.
(s. I.) maibrat sp. nov., holotype; 18-23 - D. (s. I.) mertoni C.R. Boettger, 1922, holotype (18-21; photos: SMF) and
internal lamellae apparaturs of paratypes (22-23; consider red arrows pointing on parietalis and palatalis) [scale
bars 1 mm].
Plate 25
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-29. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Diplommatina s. I. Benson, 1849. 1-5 - Diplommatina (s. I.) moluccensis
sp. nov., holotype (1-3) in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view (consider red dashes pointing on positions of inter¬
nal lamellae) and aperture of a paratype (4-5); 6-9 - D. (s. I.) smithi Kobelt, von Mollendorff, 1898, syntype D. pap-
uana E.A. Smith, 1897; photos: BMNH; 10-14 - D. (s. I.) patani sp. nov., paratype with internal lamellae apparatus
as seen through the shell wall (13) and outer surface of operculum (14); 15-24 - D. (s. I.) radiiformis Preston, 1913,
syntype (15-18; photos: BMNH) and specimens from Galela, NE Halmahera (19-24); 25-29 - D. (s. I.) timorensis sp.
nov., holotype (28 - Basal view) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 26
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-21. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Diplommatina s. I. Benson, 1849. 1-5 - Diplommatina (s. I.) symmetrica
Medley, 1891, lectotype (1-4) and paralectotype (5) in apertural, abapertural, lateral, top, and basal view; photos:
BMNH; 6-21 - D. (s. I.) telnovi sp. nov.: 6-8 - Specimen from Liter lakeside, Doberai Peninsula (New Guinea); 9-11
& 18-19 - Specimen from Misool Island; 12-14 - Specimen from River Sakarteman valley, Onin Peninsula (New
Guinea); 15-17 - Operculum, outer (15), inner surface (16), and lateral view (17); 18-20 - Internal lamellae ap-
paraturs of a paratype as seen through the shell wall (18), consider red arrows pointing on parietalis and palatalis
(19-20); 21 - Structure of teleoconch axial ribs [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 27
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-22. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Diplommatina s. I. Benson, 1849 & Moussonia 0. Semper, 1865. 1-3 -
Diplommatina (s. I.) torquilla van Benthem Jutting, 1958, holotype in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; 4-11
- D. (s. I.) waigeoensis sp. nov., paratypes (consider red dashes pointing on position of internal lamella on Fig. 8);
7 - Operculum, outer surface; 12-16 - Moussonia ahena (Preston, 1913). lectotype (15 - Top view; 16 - Basal
view); photos: BMNFI; 17-19 - M. hirsuta (Zilch, 1953), holotype; photos: SMF; 20-22 - M. (s. I.) echinata sp. nov.,
holotype [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 28
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-21. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Moussonia 0. Semper, 1865. 1-3 - Moussonia hyponepia (van Benthem
Jutting, 1958), holotype in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; photos: NMNL; 4-6 - M. manuselae sp. nov.,
holotype; 7-9 - M. omias (van Benthem Jutting, 1958), paratype; photos: NMNL; 10-13 - M. papuana (Tapparone
Canefri, 1883), paralectotypes; 14-16 - M. strubelli (0. Boettger, 1891), holotype; photos: SMF; 17-21 - M. torricelli
sp. nov., holotype: 20 - Internal lamellae apparatus as seen through the shell wall; 21 - Paratype, position of two
parietal is (consider red arrows) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 29
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-17. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Moussonia 0. Semper, 1865 &. Arinia s. I. H. et A. Adams, 1856. 1-8 - Mous-
sonia monstrificabilis sp. nov., paratypes in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view (1-4), aperture (8) and subadult
specimens (5-7); 9-12 - M. pseudoseparanda sp. nov., holotype; 13-17 - Arinia (s. I.) tjendanae B. Rensch, 1931,
paratype (13-16) and holotype (17) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 30
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-23. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Moussonia 0. Semper, 1865 & Arinia s. I. H. et A. Adams, 1856. 1-9 -
Moussonia separanda sp. nov., paratypes in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view: 1-3 & 5-9 - Specimen from
locus typicus: 5 - Operculum, outer surface; 6-7 - Internal lamellae apparatus as seen through the shell wall; 8-9
- Internal lamellae apparatus; 4 - Specimen from Van Island S of Misool; 10-13 - Arinia (s. I.) bianda E.A. Smith,
1897, syntype; photos: BMNH; 14-17 - A. (s. I.) taiautana Fulton, 1898, syntype; photos: BMNFI; 18-20 - A. (s. I.)
crassiventris B. Rensch, 1931, holotype; 21-23 - A. (s. I.) patagiata van Benthem Jutting, 1958 [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 31
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-20. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-6 - Palaina (s. I.) adelpha Sods, 1911, para-
type in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view and operculum, outer (4), inner surface (5), and lateral view (6);
7-12 - P. (s. I.) albrechti sp. nov., paratype; 13-15 - P. (s. I.) aerari (Dell, 1955), holotype (also consider Plate 40 figs
14-16); photos: MONZ; 16-20 - P. (s. I.) ascendens (Martens, 1864), specimen from Saparua Island (19 - top view,
20 - basal view) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 32
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-27. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-13 - Palaina (s. I.) angulata 0. Boettger, 1891:
1-3 - Lectotype in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; photos: SMF; 4-6 - Paralectotype; 7-9 & 10 - Specimen
from Saparua Island (10 - Columellar plate and position of operculum); 11-13 - Specimen from Soya vill. env. (Am¬
bon Island), operculum, outer (11), inner surface (12), and lateral view (13); 14-23 - P. (s. I.) attenboroughi sp. nov.,
paratypes; 24-27 - P. (s. I.) beilanensis Preston, 1913, lectotype (27 - top view) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 33
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-27. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-12 - Palaina (s. I.) bicornis van Benthem Jut¬
ting, 1958: 1-3 - Paratype in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; photos: NMNL; 4-12 - Specimens from River
Gam valley (Central Misool); 10-12 - Operculum, outer (10), inner surface (11,) and lateral view (12); 13-27 - P. (s.
I.) biroi Soos, 1911: 13-18 & 22-27 - Specimens from various localities in Madang Province (Papua New Guinea);
19-21 - Lectotype; photos: NMNL [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 34
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-20. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-8 - Palaina (s. I.) bougainvillei s\}. nov.: 1-3 -
Holotype in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; 4-8 - Paratype; 6-8 - Operculum, outer (6), inner surface (7),
and lateral view (8); 9-12 - P. (s. I.) brazieri (Cox, 1870), specimen from Kira Kira (Makira Island, Solomon Islands)
(12 - top view); photos: MCZ; 13-15 - P. (s. I.) bundiana Wiktor, 1998: 13 - Holotype; 14-15 - Paratype; 16-20 - P.
(s. I.) carbavica 0. Boettger, 1891: 16-17 - Lectotype; photos: SMF; 18-20 - Specimen from Morale vill. env., Manu-
sela Ridge (Seram Island) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 35
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-26. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-13 - Palaina (s. I.) chrysostoma E.A. Smith,
1897: 1-4 - Syntype in apertural, abapertural, lateral, and top view; photos: BMNH; 5-10 - Specimens from Mount
Ranaka (Flores Island) with operculum, outer (8), inner surface (9) and in lateral view (10); 11-14 - Specimen from
Tebedo env. (Flores Island); 15-17 - P. (s. I.) citrinella van Benthem Jutting, 1963, holotype; photos: NMNL; 18-20
- P. (s. I.) consobrina van Benthem Jutting, 1963, holotype; photos: NMNL; 21-23 - P. (s. I.) clappi Solem, 1960,
holotype; photos: UMMZ; 24-26 - P. (s. I.) cupulifera van Benthem Jutting, 1963, holotype; photos: NMNL [scale bars
1 mm, figs 1-4 scale bar 3 mm].
Plate 36
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-30. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-17 - Palaina (s. I.) commixta I. Rensch, 1937:
1-3 - Holotype in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; 4-7 & 12-17 - Specimens from Galowe vill. env. (New
Britain); 12-17 - Operculi, outer (12 & 15), inner surface (13 & 16), and lateral view (14 & 17); 8-11 - Holotype P.
commixta jacquinoti I. Rensch, 1937 (11 - Top view); 18-24 - P. (s. I.) dianctoides sp. nov., holotype (consider strong
bulb particularly visible on Fig. 21); 25-27 - P. (s. I.) doberai sp. nov., holotype; 28-30 - P. (s. I.) erythropeplos van
Benthem Jutting, 1958, holotype; photos: NMNL [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 37
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-40. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-7 - Palaina (s. I.) diepenheimi (Preston, 191):
1-4 - Lectotype in apertural, abapertural, lateral, and top view; 5-7 - Paralectotypes; photos: BMNH; 8-21 - P. (s. I.)
dohertyi E.A. Smith, 1897: 8-12 - Lectotype (12 - Basal view); photos: BMNH; 13-21 - Specimens from River Sakar-
teman valley (Onin Peninsula, Indonesian New Guinea), with operculum, outer (18), inner surface (19), and lateral
view (20); 22-28 - P. (s. I.) extremita sp. nov., holotype; 29-37 - P. (s. I.) flavocylindrica sp. nov., paratypesfrom Lake
Kamakawalar env. (Indonesian New Guinea); 38-40 - P. (s. I.) glabella van Benthem Jutting, 1963, holotype; photos:
NMNL [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 38
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-31. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-9 - Palaina (s. \.)gardneri Dell, 1955: 1-3 - Ho-
lotype in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; photos: MONZ; 4-7 - Holotype P. delli Clench, 1965 (7 - Top view);
photos: MCZ; 8-9 - Paratype P. delli; 10-12 - P. (s. I.) floridensis Solem, 1960, holotype; photos: UMMZ; 13-16 - P.
(s. I.) granulum I. et B. Rensch, 1929, lectotype; 17-22 - P. (s. I.) hartmanni sp. nov., paratype with operculum, outer
(20), inner surface (21), and lateral view (22); 23-25 - P. (s. I.) iha sp. nov., paratype; 26-28 - P. (s. I.) Insulana sp.
nov., paratype; 29-31 - P. (s. I.) Inconspicua van Benthem Jutting, 1963, holotype; photos: NMNL [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 39
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-32. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-4 - Palaina (s. I.) /asz/o/sp. nov., holotype in
apertural, abapertural, lateral, and basal view; 5-11 - P. (s. I.) Ienggurus\^. nov., paratype with with operculum, outer
(9), inner surface (10), and lateral view (11); 12-14 - P. (s. I.) leptotoreutos van Benthem Jutting, 1958, holotype;
photos: NMNL; 15-17 - P. (s. I.) liliputana van Benthem Jutting, 1963, holotype; photos: NMNL; 18-23 - P. (s. I.)
louisiade sp. nov., holotype (21 - Basal view); 24-32 - P. (s. I.) mairasi sp. nov.: 24-26 & 30-32 - Paratype from Lobo
vill. (Indonesian New Guinea); 27-29 - Paratype from Lake Kamakawalar env. (Indonesian New Guinea) [scale bars
1 mm].
Plate 40
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-26. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-9 - Palaina (s. I.) manggaraica (B. Rensch,
1931): 1-3 - Holotype in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; 4-9 - Specimens from Mount Ranaka (Flores
Island); 10-13 - P (s. I.) megalostoma sp. nov., holotype (13 - Basal view); 14-16 - P. (s. I.) aerari (Dell, 1955) -
holotype P. (s. I.) megamorpha Solem, 1960; photos: UMMZ; 17-23 - P. (s. I.) mengen sp. nov.: 17-20 - Flolotype;
21-23 - Paratype, operculum, outer (21), inner surface (22) and lateral view (23); 24-26 - P. (s. I.) minutula sp. nov.,
holotype [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 41
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-34. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-9 - Palaina (s. I.) minuscularia sp. nov., para-
types from Central Misool in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view and operculum, outer (7), inner surface (8) and
in lateral view (9); 10-22 - P. (s. I.) mirifica sp. nov., paratypes; 23-30 - P. (s. I.) misoolensis sp. nov.: 23-26 - Ho-
lotype; 27-30 - Paratype (27 - Aperture); 31-34 - P. (s. I.) mutis sp. nov., paratype (34 - Basal view) [scale bars 1
mm].
Plate 42
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-25. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-13 - Palaina (s. I.) novoguineensis E.A. Smith,
1897: 1-5 - Lectotype in apertural, abapertural, lateral, top, and basal view; photos: BMNH; 6-8 - Specimen from
Fak Fak env. (Onin Peninsula, Indonesian New Guinea); 9-11 - Specimen from Lilinta vill. env. (Misool Isand); 12-13
- Specimen from Kaimana env. (Indonesian New Guinea); 14-25 - P. (s. I.) novopommerana I. et B. Rensch, 1929:
14-16 - Lectotype; 17-20 & 25 - Syntype P. vexator I. et B. Rensch, 1929; 21-24 - Specimen from Marmar vill. env.
(New Britain) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 43
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-27. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-5 - Palaina (s. I.) obiensis sp. nov.: 1-3 - Holo-
type in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; 4-5 - Paratype, operculum, outer (4), inner surface (5); 6-12 - P. (s.
I.) onin sp. nov.: 6-9 - Holotype; 10-12 - Paratype (12 - Operculum in lateral view); 13-20 - P. (s. I.) papuamontis
sp. nov., paratype (16 - Basal view, 17 - Consider black arrows pointing to changing ribs height); 21-24 - P. (s. I.)
papuanorum Soos, 1911, lectotype; photos: NMNL; 25-27 - P. (s. I.)ya/T7cfena sp. nov., paratype [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 44
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-29. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-7 - Palaina (s. I.) paradisaea sp. nov., paratype
in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view and operculum, outer (5), inner surface (6), and lateral view (7); 8-11 - P.
(s. I.) perspectiva sp. nov., holotype (11 - Basal view); 12-20 - P. (s. I.) polystoma B. Rensch, 1931: 12-15 - Holo-
type; 16-20 - Specimens from Mount Ranaka (Flores Island); 21-25 - P. (s. I.) ponsonbyi Sykes, 1903, paratype
(24 - Top view; 25 - Basal view); photos: BMNFI; 26-29 - P. (s. I.) propinqua van Benthem Jutting, 1963, holotype;
photos: NMNL [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 45
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-24. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-9 - Palaina (s. I.) psittricha sp. nov., pa retypes
in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view and operculum, outer (7), inner surface (8), and lateral view (9); 10-14
- P. (s. I.) quadricornis van Benthem Jutting, 1958, holotype; photos: NMNL; 15-17 - P. (s. I.) repandostoma van
Benthem Jutting, 1963, holotype; photos: NMNL; 18-20 - P. (s. I.) scaveola van Benthem Jutting, 1958, holotype;
photos: NMNL; 21-24 - P. (s. I.) schneideri I. et B. Rensch, 1929, lectotype (24 - Top view) [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 46
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-26. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-3 - Palaina (s. I.) silvicultrix sp. nov., paratype
in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view; 4-11 - P. (s. I.) slapcinskyi sp. nov.: 4 - Holotype; 5-11 - Paratypes (7 -
Basal view) and operculum, outer (8), inner surface (9), and lateral view (10-11); 12-14 - P. (s. I.) solomonensis (Dell,
1955), holotype; photos: MONZ; 15-19 - P. (s. I.) sparselamellata sp. nov., holotype; 20-22 - P. (s. I.) tanimbarensis
sp. nov., paratype; 23-26 - P. (s. I.) telnovi sp. nov., holotype [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 47
Greke, K.: Taxonomic review of Diplommatinidae (Caenogastropoda) from Wallacea and the Papuan Region
Figures 1-24. Papuan Diplommatinidae. Palaina 0. Semper, 1865. 1-4 - Palaina (s. I.) thomasrinteleni sp. nov.,
paratypes in apertural, abapertural, and lateral view and juvenile specimen in top view; 5-7 - P. (s. I.) vermeuleni sp.
nov., holotype; 8-13 - P. (s. I.) waigeo sp. nov.: 8-10 - Paratype from 4.5 km SW Waisai (Waigeo); 11-13 - Paratype
from 3 km W Waisai (Waigeo); 14-16 - P. (s. I.) imperfecta sp. nov., holotype; 17-19 - P. (s. I.) wawiyai sp. nov., ho¬
lotype; 20-24 - P. (s. I.) wisemani (Cox, 1870): 20-22 - Specimen from Makira (Solomon Islands) (22 - Top view);
23-24 - Specimen from Owaraha (Solomon Islands); photos: MCZ [scale bars 1 mm, figs 20-24 scale bars 0.5 mm].
Plate 48
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae: Strongylurini), with ...
1
9
Figures 1-10. Strongylurini species, habitus in dorsal view and original labels. 1-3 - Duplipectus bilineatus (Ritsenna,
1881): 1 - Holotype 6'; 2 - Holotype labels; 3-6' fronn Hainnahera Island; 4-5 - D. buruensis sp. nov.: 4 - Holotype
(6; 5 - Allotype (paratype) $; 6 - D. clegroof\ sp. nov., holotype (6; 7-9 - D. truncatus (Aurivillius, 1916): 7 - Holotype
(6; 8 - Holotype labels; 9-6' fronn West Papua; 10 - Aprosictus acutipennis sp. nov., holotype 6'-
Plate 49
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae: Strongylurini), with ...
'i’ervitory
j.'p.Teppei-
- !
SAMA Database 9
No. 25-034469
Figures 1-11. Strongylurini species, habitus in dorsal view and original labels. 1 - Aprosictus armellae sp. nov., ho-
lotype (5'; 2 - /A. dilatoscapus sp. nov., holotype 6'; 3-4- A. duivenbodei (Kaup, 1866): 3 -6' fronn Sulawesi Island;
4 - $ fronn Sulawesi Island; 5-4. exiguus sp. nov., holotype (6; 6 - 4. fuscus sp. nov., holotype (6; 7 - A. glabrofas-
ciatus sp. nov., holotype S; 8-10 - 4. intricatus Blackburn, 1889: 8 - Holotype (6; 9 - Holotype labels; 10 - S fronn
Queensland, Australia; 11 - 4. lombokensis sp. nov., holotype (6.
Plate 50
Jacquot, R: Revision of the genus /Apros/ctus Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerannbycidae: Strongylurini), with ...
Figures 1-8. Strongylurini species, habitus, dorsal view. 1 - Aprosictus paloloensis sp. nov., holotype 6'; 2- A. pedi-
cellus sp. nov., holotype 6'; 3-4 - A. sangirensis sp. nov.: 3 - Holotype 6'; 4 - Paratype 5-6 - A. sexpunctatus
sp. nov.: 5 - Holotype 6'; 6 - Allotype (paratype) 7 - A. ternatensis sp. nov., holotype 6'; 8 - A. sp., unlabelled $
specinnen fronn MNHN.
Plate 51
Kalashian, M.: A new subgenus and three new species of Endelus Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) ...
8
Figures 1-8. Endelus species, dorsal view. 1 - E {Papuadelus subgen. nov.) telnovi sp. nov. (holotype NME; photo:
A. Saribekyan); 2 - £ (s. str.) inaequalipennis Obenberger, 1937 (lectotype NMPC; photo: M. Kalashian); 3 - E (s.
str.) chalybaeotinctus Obenberger, 1932 (lectotype NMPC; photo: M. Kalashian); 4 - E (s. str.) baker! Kerrennans,
1914 (lectotype NMPC; photo: M. Kalashian); 5 - E (s. str.) belial Obenberger, 1924 (para lectotype BMNH; photo:
Keita Matsunnoto, © BMNH); 6 - E (s. str.) pseudobelial sp. nov. (paratype NMPC; photo: L. Dennbicky); 7 - E (s. str.)
bellamyi sp. nov. (holotype CSCA; photo: A. Saribekyan); 8 - E (s. str.) palawanensis Fisher, 1921 (holotype USNM;
photo: A. Saribekyan).
Plate 52
Kalnins, M.: Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (Odonata: Argiolestidae) from New Guinea
Figures 1-5. Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov., males, dorsal (1-4) and lateral (5) view. 1 & 5 - Holotype; 2 - Paratype 1;
3 - Paratype 2; 4 - Paratype 3.
Plate 53
Kalnins, M.: Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (Odonata: Argiolestidae) from New Guinea
Figures 1-5. Papuan Argiolestes. 1-3 - A. spungisi sp. nov.: 1 - Holotype, head, frontal view; 2 - Holotype, thorax,
lateral view; 3 - Paratype 1, thorax, lateral view; 4-5 - A. australis (Guerin-Meneville, 1830), specimen from Waisai
10-13 km NE, Waigeo Island: 4 - Head, frontal view; 5 - Thorax, lateral view. Consider lost blue colouration of thorax
in figures 2-3 & 5.
Plate 54
Kalnins, M.: Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (Odonata: Argiolestidae) from New Guinea
Figures 1-10. Papuan Argiolestes, tip of male abdomen in dorsal (1-4 & 9) and ventral (5-8 & 10) view. 1-8 - A.
spungisi sp. nov.: 1 & 5 - Holotype; 2 & 6 - Paratype 1; 3 & 7 - Paratype 2; 4 & 8 - Paratype 3; 9-10 - A. australis
(Guerin-Meneville, 1830), specimen from Waisai 10-13 km NE, Waigeo Island.
Plate 55
Kalnins, M.: Argiolestes spungisi sp. nov. (Odonata: Argiolestidae) from New Guinea
Figures 1-2. Limestone creek 10-13 km NE Waisai, Waigeo Island - the habitat of Argiolestes australis (Guerin-
Meneville, 1830). Observed and sampled individuals were flying over and along the creek on sunny place.
Plate 56
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-6. General view and aedeagi of Metriorrhynchini, holotypes. 1-3 - Cautires albonigrus Kazantsev sp. nov.
4-6 - Cladophorus dmitryi Kazantsev sp. nov.; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3 & 5-6 - Aedeagi [scale bar 0.5 mm]
Plate 57
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-8. General view and details of Metrioguinus Kazantsev gen. nov., holotypes. 1-5 - M. kristinae Kazantsev
sp. nov.; 6-8 - M. vikhrevi Kazantsev sp. nov.; 1, 6 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2 - Ultimate abdominal segments, lateral
view; 3 - ditto, dorsal view; 4-5 & 7-8 - Aedeagi [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 58
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
5
Figures 1-6. General view and aedeagi oi Xylobanus, holotypes. 1-3 - Xylobanus albipennis Kazantsev sp. nov.; 4-6
- X. mauroleucus Kazantsev sp. nov.; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3 & 5-6 - Aedeagi [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 59
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-4. General view and aedeagi of Lycidae, holotypes. 1-3 - Porrostoma arfakense Kazantsev sp. nov.; 4 -
Plateros Candidas Kazantsev sp. nov.; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3 - Aedeagi [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 60
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-12. General view of mymetic Papuan Lycidae, Cantharidae and Chrysomelidae. 1 - Cautires albonigrus
Kazantsev sp. nov.; 2 - Cladophorus dmitryi Kazantsev sp. nov.; 3 - Metrioguinus kristinae Kazantsev sp. nov., sp.
nov.; 4 - M. vikhrevi Kazantsev sp. nov.; 5 - Xylobanus albipennis Kazantsev sp. nov.; 6 - X. mauroleucus Kazantsev
sp. nov.; 7 - Porrostoma arfakense Kazantsev sp. nov.; 8 - Plateros Candidas Kazantsev sp. nov.; 9 - Cantharidae
Silinae, gen. sp. 1; 10 - Cantharidae Silinae, gen. sp. 2; 11 - Chrysomelidae, gen. sp. 1; 12 - Chrysomelidae, gen.
sp. 2.
Plate 61
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-2. Mid-montane fainforest (1) and biotope at sampling place (2) in the Arfak Mountains in Doberai Pen¬
insula, West New Guinea, near Lake Gigi, Anggi lakes at ca. 2000-2500 meters above sea level (photos: D.Telnov,
2015).
Plate 62
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Sits'i
t 'V
Figures 1-6. General view and aedeagi of Cladophorus, males. 1-3 - C. formosus Guerin-Meneville, 1830; 4-6 - C.
avicollaris sp. nov., holotype; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6 - Aedeagi (2-3 with extracted inner sac): 2, 5 -
Dorsal view; 3, 6 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 63
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-5. General view and details of Cladophorus, holotypes. 1-3 - C. bupuensis sp. nov., S; 4-5 - C. flavoscu-
tellatus sp. nov., 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3 - Aedeagi: 5 - $ genitalia; 2, 5 - Dorsal view; 3 - Lateral view
[scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 64
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
*
IJUJ- ik/T^
V' ■ '*••' '•M‘
Figures 1-6. General view and aedeagi of Cladophorus, holotypes SS- 1-3 - C. grekeae sp. nov.; 4-6 - C. holynskii
sp. nov.; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6 - Aedeagi: 2, 5 - Dorsal view; 3, 6 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 65
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-9. Habitus, dorsal view and details of Cladophorus. 1-5 - C. humeralissimus sp. nov.; 6-9 - C. lacrimosus
sp. nov.; 1, 4, 6 - Habitus, dorsal view; 7 - Ultimate ventrites; 2-3, 8-9 - Aedeagus; 5 - $ genitalia; 1-3, 6-9 - Holo-
types 6' 6'; 4-5 - Paratype $; 2, 5, 8 - Dorsal view; 3, 9 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 66
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-6. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Cladophorus, holotypes 6' 6'- 1-3 - C. maurokitrinus sp. nov.; 4-6
- C. maurus sp. nov.; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6 -Aedeagi: 2, 4 - Dorsal view; 3, 6 - Lateral view [scale
bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 67
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-6. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Cladophorus, holotypes 6' 6'- 1-3 - C. nabirensis sp. nov.; 4-6 - C.
nimbus sp. nov.; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6 - Aedeagi: 2, 5 - Dorsal view; 3, 6 - Lateral view [scale bar
0.5 mm].
Plate 68
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-6. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Cladophorus, holotypes SS. 1-3 - C. telnovi sp. nov.; 4-6 - C.
weigeli sp. nov.; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6 - Aedeagi: 2, 5 - Dorsal view; 3, 6 - Lateral view [scale bar
0.5 mm].
Plate 69
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-9. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Cladophorus, holotypes 6' 6'- 1-3 - C. halmaheraensis sp. nov.; 4-6
- C. obiensis sp. nov.; 7-9 - C. carbonipennis sp. nov.; 1, 4, 7 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6, 7-8 - Aedeagi: 2, 5,
8 - Dorsal view; 3, 6, 9 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 70
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-9. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Cladophorus, holotypes 6' 6'- 1-3 - C. tertius sp. nov.; 4-6 - C. ang-
giensis sp. nov.; 7-9 - C. pusspenssatensis sp. nov.; 1, 4, 7 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6, 8-9 - Aedeagi: 2, 5, 8
- dorsal view; 3, 6, 9 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 71
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-6. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Pseudodontocerus, 6' 6'- 1-3 - P. fuscatus (Waterhouse, 1879); 4-6
- P gigilacus sp. nov., holotype, 6'; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6 - Aedeagi: 2, 5 - Dorsal view; 3, 6 - Lateral
view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 72
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-6. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Pseudodontocerus, holotypes 6' 6'- 1-3 - R hilaris sp. nov.; 4-6 - P.
incultus sp. nov.; 1, 4 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6 - Aedeagi: 2, 5 - Dorsal view; 3, 6 - Lateral view [scale bar
0.5 mm].
Plate 73
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
6
2
3
8
9
10
Figures 1-10. Habitus, dorsal view and details of Pseudodontocerus, holotypes 6' 6'- 1-3 - P. maculihumeralis sp.
nov.; 4-6 - P. variicornis sp. nov.; 7-10 - P. villosus sp. nov.; 1, 4, 7 - Habitus, dorsal view; 8 - Anterior part of body;
2-3, 5-6, 9-10 - Aedeagi: 2, 5, 8-9 - Dorsal view; 3, 6, 10 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 74
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-10. Habitus, dorsal view and details of Cautires, holotypes. 1-3 - C. brunneus sp. nov.; 4-6 - C. dituaoides
sp. nov.; 7-10 - C. eniclasoides sp. nov.; 1, 4, 7 - Habitus, dorsal view; 8 - Pronotum; 2-3, 5-6 - Aedeagi: 1-6 - 6' 6';
7-9 - $; 2, 5, 8-9 - Dorsal view; 3, 6 - Lateral view; 9 - $ genitalia [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 75
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-13. Habitus, dorsal view and details of Cautires, SS- 1-4 - C. extraneus sp. nov.; 5-7 - C. ignotus sp. nov.;
8-10 - C. maturnus Kleine; 11-13 - C. miklukhomaklaii sp. nov.; 1, 5, 8, 11 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2 - Ultimate
ventrites; 3-4, 6-7, 9-10, 12-13 - Aedeagi: 1-7, 11-13 - Holotypes; 3, 6, 9, 12 - Dorsal view; 2, 4, 7, 10, 13 - Lateral
view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 76
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-13. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Cautires, Malacolycus and Metriorrhynchus, holotypes 6' 6'- 1-3
- C. picipennis sp. nov.; 4-7 - C. tricoloripennis sp. nov.; 8-10 - Malacolycus gigiensis sp. nov.; 11-13 - Metriorrhyn¬
chus cochleiformis sp. nov.; 1, 4, 8, 11 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-7, 9-10, 12-13 - Aedeagi: 5-6 - With removed
phallobasal membrane; 2, 5, 9, 12 - Dorsal view; 3, 6-7, 10, 13 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 77
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-12. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Metriorrhynchus and Porrostoma, holotypes 6' 6'- 1-3 - M. uperen-
sis sp. nov.; 4-6 - M. vitiosus sp. nov.; 7-9 - P. cautiromimunn sp. nov.; 10-12 - P exile sp. nov.; 1, 4, 7, 10 - Habitus,
dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6, 8-9, 11-12 - Aedeagi: 2, 5, 8, 11 - Dorsal view; 3, 6, 9, 12 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 78
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-11. Habitus, dorsal view and details of Porrostoma, holotypes SS. 1-3 - P. fuscum sp. nov.; 4-8 - P
gigivagum sp. nov.; 9-11 - P. mutum sp. nov.; 1, 4, 9 - Habitus, dorsal view; 5-6- Ultimate ventrites; 2-3, 7-8, 10-11
- Aedeagi: 2, 6-7, 10 - Dorsal view; 3, 5, 8, 11 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 79
Kazantsev, S.V., Telnov, D.: A mimetic assemblage of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from West Papua
Figures 1-12. Habitus, dorsal view and aedeagi of Porrostoma and Procautires, holotypes 6' 6'- 1-3 - Porrostoma
mystax sp. nov.; 4-6 - Porrostoma semiflavum sp. nov.; 7-9 - Procautires cirratus sp. nov.; 10-12 - Procautires fus-
c/co/orsp. nov.; 1, 4, 7, 10 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2-3, 5-6, 8-9, 11-12 - Aedeagi: 2, 5, 8, 11 - Dorsal view; 3, 6, 9,
12 - Lateral view [scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 80
Kirejtshuk, A.G.: New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Indonesian ...
Figures 1-11. Papuan Epuraeinae. 1-6 - Epuraea (Haptoncus) telnovi sp. nov.: 1 - Holotype 6', habitus, dorsal view
[body length 3.7 mm]; 2-3 - Paratype $ [body length 2.9 mm]: 2 - Dorsal view; 3 - Ventral view; 4 - Penis (penis
trunk with basal apodeme and armature of inner sac), dorsal view; 5 - legmen, ventral view; 6 - Genital capsule
(anal sclerite, ventral plate and spiculum gastrale), ventral view; 7-11 - Amystrops (Amystrops) solitaria sp. nov.,
holotype 6': 7 - Habitus, dorsal view [body length 2.8 mm]; 8 - ditto, ventral view; 9 - Head, ventral view; 10 - Teg-
men, ventral view; 11 - Penis, dorsal view [scale bars to figs 4-6 & 10-11 0.5 mm].
Plate 81
Kirbtshuk, A.G.: New sap beetles of the subfamily Epuraeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Indonesian
Figures 1-7. Papuan Epuraeinae. 1-3 - Trimenus {Schawalleria subgen. nov.) plicatus sp. nov., paratypes, 6' 6': 1 -
Habitus, dorsal view; 2 - ditto, ventral view; 3 - Head, ventral view [body length 6 mm]; 4-7 - Carpocryraea gratiosa
sp. nov.: 4 - Holotype 6', habitus, dorsal view [body length 3.7 mm]; 5 - ditto, ventral view; 6 - Paratype 6', habitus,
ventral view [body length 2.9 mm]; 7 - Head, ventral view.
Plate 82
Lobl, I. & Ogawa, R.: A new species of Scaphisoma Leach, 1815 fronn New Guinea and ...
Figures 1-2. Scaphisoma telnovi sp. nov., holotype $. 1 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2 -ditto, lateral view
[scale bar 1 nnnn].
Plate 83
Medvedev, L.N.: New leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from New Guinea
Figures 1-15. New Papuan Chrysomelidae, habitus, dorsal view. 1 - Coenobius telnovi sp. nov., holotype; 2 - Bu-
charis rufus sp. nov., holotype; 3 - Stethotes telnovi sp. nov., holotype; 4 - Phainodina strigicoHis sp. nov., holotype;
5 - P. thoracica sp. nov., holotype; 6 - Pyrrhalta telnovi s^p. nov., holotype; 7 - Anoldes fulvoniger sp. nov., holotype;
8-4. ornata sp. nov., holotype; 9-4. nlgrlcoHls sp. nov., holotype; 10 - Xenidea hartmanni sp. nov., holotype; 11 -
Manobia insulana sp. nov., holotype; 12 - M. viridiaenea sp. nov., pa retype; 13 - Sutrea fasciata sp. nov., holotype;
14 - S. trimaculata sp. nov., paratype; 15 - Trachyaphthona (Longitarsella) cyanipennis sp. nov., holotype.
Plate 84
Park, K.-T.: Checklist of the family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in New Guinea, with ...
Figures 1-4. New Papuan Lecithoceridae species, adults. 1 - Lecithocera breiensis sp. nov., holotype 6', dorsal view;
la - ditto, labels; lb - ditto, labial palpus; 2 - Aprosoesta laminella sp. nov., holotype 6', dorsal view; 2a - ditto,
labels; 2b - ditto, labial palpus; 3 - Lecithocera breiensis sp. nov., S genitalia, slide No CIS- 5922/Park; 3a - ditto,
phallus; 3b - ditto, abdominal segment VIII; 4 - Aprosoesta iamineiia sp. nov., (5' genitalia, slide No CIS-5923; 4a -
ditto, phallus [scale bars 0.5 mm].
Plate 85
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
Figures 1-12. Lycaenidae fronn Southeast Sulawesi with their upperside (rows 1 and 3) and underside (rows 2 and
4) wing patterns. 1, 4 - Fennale of Deudorix loxias (20 knn East of Kolaka), wing span: 29,0 nnnn; 2, 5 - Hypothe-
cla honos de Niceville, 1898 (Konawendepiha, 17.03.2013); 3, 6 - Male of Jamides latimargus Snellen, 1878
(Konawendepiha, 17.03.2013); 7, 10 - J. fractilinea Tite, 1960 (20 knn E of Kolaka, 31.03.2009); 8, 11 - Male of
Amblypodia narada Horsfield, 1829 (Porabua, 12.03.2011); 9, 12 - Dacalana anysis Hewitson, 1865 (Konawende¬
piha, 10.03.2011) [scale bars 10 nnnn].
Plate 86
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
Figures 1-10. Particular butterflies fronn Southeast Sulawesi (upperside and underside. 1, 4 - Dacalana anysides
Rober, 1887 (Porabua, 20.03.2013); 2, 5 - Male Arhopala argentea Staudinger, 1888 (20 knn East of Kolaka,
20.03.2015); 3, 6 - Fennale A. argentea (20 knn East of Kolaka, 22.03.2015); 7-8 - Euthalia aconthea Cranner,
1777 (20 knn East of Kolaka, 16.10.2002), upperside (left) and underside (right); 9-10 - Polyura attains Felder et
Felder, 1867 (Konawehndepiha, 06.03.2011), upperside (left) and underside (right) [scale bars 10 mm].
Plate 87
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
Figures 1-8. Butterflies of Southeast Sulawesi. 1-4 - Subspecies of Zethera incerta Hewitson, 1861 and their pro¬
spective nninnicry counterparts: 1 - Z. incerta tenggara Roos, 1992 (Sannbeani, 02.03.1999); 2 - Ideopsis juventa
Cranner, 1777 (Sannbeani, 01.03.1999); 3 - Z. incerta incerta Hewitson, 1861 (Sulawesi); 4 - /. vitrea Blanchard,
1853 (Porabua, 24.03.2009); 5, 7 - Male of Lohora umbrosa Roos, 1997 (Porabua, 13.03.2011), upperside (5)
and underside (7) wing pattern; 6, 8 - Male of Lohora decipiens Martin, 1929 for connparison (25 knn E of Rantepao,
10.03.1986) [scale bars 10 nnnn].
Plate 88
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
Figures 1-12. Eurema fronn SE Sulawesi and their southwestern counterparts (1-10) and Cepora eperia fronn SE Su¬
lawesi (11-12). 1 - Male Eurema alitha Felder et Felder, 1862 (SE-Sulawesi); 2 - Fennale of E. alitha (SE Sulawesi);
3 - Fennale E. tominia Vollenhoven, 1865 (SE Sulawesi), upperside; 4 - Male E. alitha (Southwest Sulawesi); 5 -
ditto, fennale (Southwest Sulawesi); 6 - Underside of the fennale E. tominia shown in Fig. 3; 7-10 - Upperside (row
3) and underside (row 4) wing pattern of male E. tominia; 7,9- Male from Kolaka, SE Sulawesi. 8, 10 - Male from
Sumarorong, SW Sulawesi; 11-12 - Cepora eperia Boisduval, 1836 (Porabua, 26.03.2009) [scale bars 10 mm].
Plate 89
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
Figures 1-18. Butterflies of SE Sulawesi. 1-12 - Eurema celebensis Wallace, 1867: 1-3 - Males fronn Sulawesi Teng-
gara; 4-6 - Fennales fronn Sulawesi Tenggara; 7-9 - Males fronn Sulawesi Selatan; 10-11 - Females from Sulawesi
Selatan; 12 - Female from Sulawesi Tengah; 13-15 - Uppersides of Cyrestis strigata from Sulawesi Tenggara and
Sulawesi Selatan: 13 - Sulawesi Tenggara, Lasada, 03.03.1999; 14 - Sulawesi Tenggara, Kolaka, 22.03.2013; 15
-Sulawesi Selatan, Sumarorong, 14-18.03.1990; 16-18 - Respective underside wing patterns of figs 13-15 [scale
bars 10 mm].
Plate 90
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
Figures 1-16. Different subspecies of Cyrestis paulinus Felder et Felder, 1860. 1 - ssp. kransi Jurriaanse et Linde-
mans, 1920, SE Sulawesi; 2 - ssp. mantilis Staudinger, 1886, Sulawesi Tengah; 3-8 - Variability in ssp. kransi, SE
Sulawesi; 9-10 - ssp. mantilis, Koyoan, East Sulawesi; 11 - ssp. mantilis, Toraut, North Sulawesi; 12 - ssp. mantilis,
Palu, Central-Sulawesi; 13 - ssp. kuehni Rober, 1886, Peleng Island; 14 - ssp. seneca Wallace, 1869, Taliabu (Sula
Islands); 15 - ssp. gilolensis Lathy, 1904, Serann (Maluku Islands); 16 - ssp. waigeuensis Fruhstorfer, 1900, Waigeo
(Raja Ann pat Archipelago) [scale bars 10 nnnn].
Plate 91
Roos, P.H.: Peculiarities of the butterfly fauna of South-East Sulawesi
8 - 9 - " 10
Figures 1-10. Conn pa risen of Lex/as aeetes Hewitson, 1861 and Neptis ida Moore, 1858 fronn Southeast and South¬
west Sulawesi. 1-4 - Lex/as aeetes: 1-2 - Male fronn SE Sulawesi, upperside (first row) and underside (second row);
3-4 - Male from Southwest Sulawesi, upperside (first row) and underside (second row); 5-7 - Uppersides of Neptis
ida: 5 - Sambeani; 6 - Porabua; 7 - Sumarorong (Sulawesi Selatan); 8-10 - Respective underside wing patterns of
figs 5-7 [scale bars 10 mm].
Plate 92
Telnov, D.: New Australobolbus H. Howden et J. Cooper, 1977 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae) ...
Figures 1-2. Australobolbus arfakianus sp. nov., holotype $. 1 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2 -ditto, lateral view.
Plate 93
Telnov, D.: New Australobolbus H. Howden et J. Cooper, 1977 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae) ...
Figures 1-2. Australobolbus arfakianus sp. nov. habitat. 1 - Primary mid-montane rainforest in the type locality of
this species; 2 - Place of installation of the light trap (consider two vertical sticks at the nearest fallen tree) (photos:
D.Telnov, 2015).
Plate 94
Telnov, D.: Papuan Chariochilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), with description ...
Figures 1-5. Chariochilus metallescens Brenske, 1898, syntype 6'. 1 - Habitus, dorsal view; 2 - ditto, dorso-lateral
view; 3 - ditto, front view; 4 - ditto, lateral view; 5 - Apex of elytra and pygidiunn, back view (photo: C.-L. Li, 2017).
Plate 95
Telnov, D.: Papuan Chariochilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), with description
Figure 1. Chariochilus tamarau sp. nov. holotype 6': habitus, dorsal view.
Plate 96
Telnov, D.: Papuan Chariochilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), with description ...
Figures 1-2. Chariochilus tamarau sp. nov. holotype 6'. 1 - Head, dorsal view; 2 - Forebody, lateral view.
Plate 97
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
Figures 1-6. New species of Macratria Newnnan, 1838 fronn Wallacea and New Guinea, dorsal view. 1 - M. ayamaru
sp. nov., habitus, paratype 6'; 2 - ditto, head; 3 - M. berdnikovi sp. nov., habitus, holotype 6'; 4 - ditto, forebody;
5 - M. c/ta/csp. nov., habitus, holotype 6'; 6 - ditto, forebody.
Plate 98
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
Figures 1-6. Macratria eparaksts sp. nov., dorsal view. 1 - Habitus, holotype 6'; 2 - ditto, forebody; 3 - Habitus,
paratype 6' fronn Senggo vill. env.; 4 - ditto, forebody; 5 - Habitus, paratype $ fronn Senggo vill. env.; 6 - ditto, fore¬
body. Consider constricted head base of pa retypes and flattened male 8-11 antennomeres.
Plate 99
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
Figures 1-7. New species of Macratria Newnnan, 1838 fronn Wallacea and New Guinea, dorsal view. 1 - M. marind
sp. nov., habitus, holotype 6'; 2 - ditto, forebody; 3 - ditto, paratype 4 - M. obiensis sp. nov., habitus, paratype
6'; 5 - ditto, forebody; 6 - ditto, forebody of another paratype 6'; 7 - ditto, paratype $.
Plate 100
Telnov, D.: New records and new species of Macratriinae fronn the Papuan Region (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), 2
Figures 1-4. New species of Macratria Newnnan, 1838 fronn Wallacea, dorsal view. 1 - M. patani sp. nov., habitus,
holotype 6'; 2 - ditto, forebody; 3 - M. sahu sp. nov., habitus, paratype 6'; 4 - ditto, forebody.
Plate 101
Theischinger, G. & Richards, S.J.: Insular odonates in Melanesia: a new species of dannselfly fronn Manus Island
Figure 1. Drepanosticta gazelle sp. nov. S, lateral view (photo: SJ. Richards).
Plate 102
Theischinger, G. & Richards, S.J.: Insular odonates in Melanesia: a new species of dannselfly fronn Manus Island ...
Figures 1-3. Manus Island dannseflies. 1 - Drepanosticta gazelle sp. nov. lateral view; 2-3: Nososticta manuscola
Theischinger et Richards, 2015: 2 - (5', lateral view; 3 - lateral view (photos: S.J. Richards).
Plate 103
Theischinger, G. & Richards, S.J.: Insular odonates in Melanesia: a new species of dannselfly fronn Manus Island ..
Figure 1. Forest streann on the upper slopes of Mt Sabonnu, Manus Island, habitat of both Drepanosticta gazelle
sp. nov. and Nososticta manuscola Theischinger et Richards, 2015 (photo: SJ. Richards).
Plate 104
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
pronotum
height
infrascapular
decurved
apex
hind
femur
length
2
eye
length
eye
width
vertex
width
compound
eye
scapus
fore
tibia
lateral carina
of the vertex
frontal costa
bifurcation
lateral
ocellus
narrow
scutellum
dorsal margin
of the antennal
roove
pedicel
genicular
tooth
middle
tibia
<?
median
canna
pronotum
width
fastigium
internal
lateral
carina
canna
5
6
o
rf ^
V
fc?
r
%
brightened
tip
Figures 1-7. Morphology and measurements relevant for Ophiotettix taxonomy. 1-4 - Morphological terminology
and measurements shown on the example of 0. scoiopax Bolfvar, 1929, various views; 5 - Living specimen of un¬
described Ophiotettix sp. from Muller range, Papua New Guinea, Southern Highlands Province (photo: P. Naskrecki,
published with permission); 6-7 - Nymph morphology shown on the example of 0. bomberaiensis sp. nov. [scale
bar 1 cm].
Plate 105
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-17. Antennal morphology of Opb/otett/x species. 1-0. amberiana sp. nov., holotype (HT) S;2 - 0. bewana
sp. nov., HT 3 - 0. bomberaiensis sp. nov., paratype (PT) 20/27 4 - ditto, HT (/; 5 - 0. brevicollis sp. nov., PT
13/41 6 - ditto, HT (/; 7 - 0. cheesmanae sp. nov., HT 8 - 0. depressa sp. nov., PT 1/4 9 - ditto, HT (/;
10 - 0. filiforma sp. nov., PT 5/31 11 - ditto, HT (/; 12 - 0. flyriveriensis sp. nov., PT 21/24 13 - ditto, HT (/;
14 - 0. fritzpahli sp. nov., HT (/; 15 - ditto, PT 1/18 16 - 0. hansscholteni sp. nov., PT 1/3 17 - 0. imbiana
sp. nov., HT (/ [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 106
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-14. Antennal morphology of Ophiotettix species. 1-0. kaitani sp. nov., paratype (PT) 7/11 2 - ditto,
holotype (HT) (5'; 3 - 0. karimuiensis sp. nov., PT 13/22 $); 4 - ditto, HT (5'; 5 - 0. katharinae sp. nov., PT 6 - ditto,
HT (/; 7 - 0. iuce sp. nov., HT 8 - 0. meggv sp. nov., HT 9 - 0. mountnokensis sp. nov., PT 6/12 10 - ditto,
HT (/; 11 - 0. parvicoiiis sp. nov., PT 5/5 12 - ditto, HT S', 13 - 0. projecta sp. nov., HT S', 14 - 0. puicherrima
sp. nov., PT 3/8 $ [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 107
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-17. Antennal morphology of Ophiotettix species. 1-0. pushkari sp. nov., holotype (HT) 6'; 2 - ditto, para-
type (PT) 3 - 0. quateorum sp. nov., HT 4 - ditto, PT 1/8 5 - ditto, PT 7/8 6'; 6 - 0. rebrinae sp. nov., HT
6'; 7 - 0. roesieri sp. nov., PT 1/18 8 - ditto, HT (5'; 9 - 0. rohwedderi sp. nov., PT 1/5 10 - 0. sanguinea sp.
nov., HT 11 - 0. schapinae sp. nov., HT 12 - 0. staiiei sp. nov., HT (5'; 13 - 0. storozhenkoi sp. nov., PT
14 - ditto, HT (5'; 15 - 0. subbrevicoiiis sp. nov., PT 1/11 16 - ditto, HT (5'; 17 - 0. teiefominensis sp. nov., HT S
[scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 108
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-14. Antennal morphology of Ophiotettix species. 1-0. tenuis sp. nov., paratype (PT) 1/3 2 - ditto,
holotype (HT) (/; 3 - 0. toxopei sp. nov., PT 3/11 4 - ditto, HT (/; 5 - 0. buergersi Bolfvar, 1929, HT (5'; 6 - 0.
cygnicoiiis Walker, 1871, (5' from Ramoi, Doberai Peninsula, W New Guinea (not a type); 7 - ditto, $ from Ransiki,
Doberai Peninsula, W New Guinea (not a type); 8-0. iimosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865), lectotype $; 9 -
ditto, 6' from Klamono, Doberai Peninsula, W New Guinea (not a type); 10 - 0. iorentzi Bolfvar, 1929, HT 11 - 0.
modesta Bolfvar, 1929, PT (/; 12 - ditto, HT 13 - 0. scoiopax Bolfvar, 1929, HT 14 - 0. westwoodi Bolfvar,
1929 stat. rev., HT (5' [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 109
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-19. Heads of Ophiotettix species in frontal view. 1-0. amberiana sp. nov., paratype (PT) 1/7 2 - ditto,
holotype (HT) (5'; 3 - 0. bewana sp. nov., HT 4 - 0. bomberaiensis sp. nov., PT 20/27 5 - ditto, HT (5'; 6 - 0.
brevicoiiis sp. nov., PT 13/41 7 - ditto, HT (5'; 8 - 0. cheesmanae sp. nov., HT 9 - 0. depressa sp. nov., PT 1/4
10 - ditto, HT (5'; 11 - 0. fiiiforma sp. nov., HT 12 - ditto, PT 5/31 13 - 0. fiyriveriensis sp. nov., PT 21/24
14 - ditto, HT (5', 15 - 0. fritzpahii sp. nov., PT 1/18 16 - ditto, HT (5'; 17 - 0. hansschoiteni sp. nov., PT 1/3
18 - ditto, HT 1/3 6'; 19 - 0. imbiana sp. nov., HT ^ [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 110
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-14. Heads of Ophiotettix species in frontal view. 1-0. kaitani sp. nov., paratype (PT) 7/11 2 - ditto,
holotype (HT) (5'; 3 - 0. karimuiensis sp. nov., PT 13/22 4 - ditto, HT (5'; 5 - 0. katharinae sp. nov., PT 6 - ditto,
HT (/; 7 - 0. iuce sp. nov., HT 8 - 0. meggv sp. nov., HT 9 - 0. mountnokensis sp. nov., HT S; 10 - ditto, PT
6/12 11 - 0. parvicoiiis sp. nov., PT 5/5 12 - ditto, HT 13 - 0. projecta sp. nov., HT (5'; 14 - 0. puicherrima
sp. nov., PT 3/8 $ [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 111
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-19. Heads of Ophiotettix species in frontal view. 1-0. pushkari sp. nov., paratype (PT) 2 - ditto, holo-
type (HT) S;3 - 0. quateorum sp. nov., HT 4 - ditto, PT 1/8 5 - 0. rebrinae sp. nov., HT (5'; 6 - 0. roesieri sp.
nov., PT 1/18 7 - ditto, HT (5'; 8 - 0. rohwedderi sp. nov., PT 1/5 9 - ditto, HT (5'; 10 - 0. sanguinea sp. nov.,
HT 11 - ditto, PT 3/4 12 - 0. schapinae sp. nov., HT 13 - ditto, PT 14 - 0. staiiei sp. nov., HT (5'; 15 - 0.
storozhenkoi sp. nov., PT 16 - ditto, HT S', 17 - 0. subbrevicoiiis sp. nov., PT 1/11 18 - ditto, HT S', 19 - 0.
teiefominensis sp. nov., HT (/ [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 112
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-19. Heads of Ophiotettix species in frontal view. 1-0. tenuis sp. nov., paratype (PT) 1/3 2 - ditto,
holotype (HT) S;3 - 0. toxopei sp. nov., PT 3/11 4 - ditto, HT (5'; 5 - 0. buergersi Bolfvar, 1929, PT labelled as
allotype 6 - ditto, HT (5'; 7 - 0. cygnicoiiis Walker, 1871, HT 8 - ditto, 6' syntype of Tetricodina iuteomarginata
Westwood, 1874; 9-0. iimosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865), paralectotype 10 - ditto, lectotype $ labelled
as holotype; 11 - ditto, 6' from Klamono, Doberai Peninsula, W New Guinea (not a type); 12 - 0. iorentzi Bolfvar,
1929, HT 13 - 0. modesta Bolfvar, 1929, $ from Regenberg, N New Guinea (not a type); 14 - ditto, 6' from Re-
genberg, N New Guinea (not a type); 15 - ditto, HT (5'; 16 - 0. scoiopax Bolfvar, 1929, HT 17 - ditto, PT (5'; 18 - 0.
westwoodi Bolfvar, 1929 stat. rev., PT $ labelled as allotype; 19 - ditto, HT (5' [scale bars 1 mm].
Plate 113
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-19. Habitus of Opb/otett/x species in dorsal view. 1-0. amberiana sp. nov., paratype (PT) 1/7 2 - ditto,
holotype (HT) (5'; 3 - 0. bewana sp. nov., HT 4 - 0. bomberaiensis sp. nov., PT 20/27 5 - ditto, HT (5'; 6 - 0.
brevicolHs sp. nov., PT 13/41 7 - ditto, HT (5'; 8 - 0. cheesmanae sp. nov., HT 9 - 0. depressa sp. nov., HT (5';
10 - ditto, PT 1/4 11 - 0. filiforma sp. nov., PT 5/31 12 - ditto, HT (5'; 13 - 0. flyriveriensis sp. nov., PT 21/24
14 - ditto, HT (5', 15 - 0. fritzpahli sp. nov., PT 1/18 16 - ditto, HT (5'; 17 - 0. hansscholteni sp. nov., PT 1/3
18 - ditto, HT (5'; 19 - 0. imbiana sp. nov., HT S [scale bars 1 cm].
Plate 114
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-15. Habitus of Opb/otett/x species in dorsal view. 1-0. kaitanisp. nov., paratype (PT) 2 - ditto, holotype
(HT) (5'; 3 - 0. karimuiensis sp. nov., PT 13/22 4 - ditto, HT (/; 5 - 0. katharinae sp. nov., PT 6 - ditto, HT
1-0. luce sp. nov., HT 8 - 0. meggvsp. nov., HT 9 - 0. mountnokensis sp. nov., PT 6/12 10 - ditto, HT (/;
11 - 0. parvicollis sp. nov., PT 5/5 12 - ditto, HT (/; 13 - 0. projecta sp. nov., HT (/; 14 - 0. pulcherrima sp. nov.,
PT 3/8 15 - ditto, PT 7/8 6' [scale bars 1 cm].
Plate 115
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-19. Habitus of Ophiotettix species in dorsal view. 1-0. pushkari sp. nov., holotype (HT) 6'; 2 - ditto,
paratype (PT) 3 - 0. quateorum sp. nov., HT 4 - ditto, PT 1/8 5 - 0. rebrinae sp. nov., HT (5'; 6 - 0. roesieri
sp. nov., PT 1/18 7 - 0. roesieri sp. nov., HT (5'; 8 - 0. rohwedderi sp. nov., PT 1/5 9 - ditto, HT S', 10 - 0.
sanguinea sp. nov., PT 3/4 11 - ditto, HT 12 - 0. schapinae sp. nov., HT 13 - ditto, PT 14 - 0. staiiei
sp. nov., HT S', 15 - 0. storozhenkoi sp. nov., PT 16 - ditto, HT S', 17 - 0. subbrevicoiiis sp. nov., PT 1/11 18
- ditto, HT S', 19 - 0. teiefominensis sp. nov., HT S [scale bars 1 cm].
Plate 116
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-18. Habitus of Ophiotettix species in dorsal view. 1-0. tenuis sp. nov., paratype (PT) 1/3 2 - ditto,
holotype (HT) (5'; 3 - 0. toxopei sp. nov., PT 3/11 4 - ditto, HT (5'; 5 - 0. buergersi Bolfvar, 1929, PT $ labelled as
allotype; 6 - ditto, HT (5'; 7 - 0. cygnicoiiis Walker, 1871, HT 8 - ditto, 6' syntype of Tetricodina iuteomarginata
Westwood, 1874; 9-0. iimosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865), paralectotype 10 - ditto, 6' from Klamono,
Doberai Peninsula, W New Guinea (not a type); 11 - 0. iorentzi Bolfvar, 1929, HT 12 - 0. modesta Bolfvar, 1929,
PT 13 - ditto, HT (5'; 14 - ditto, $ from Regenberg, N New Guinea (not a type); 15 - 0. scoiopax Bolfvar, 1929,
HT 16 - ditto, PT S', 17 - 0. westwoodi Bolfvar, 1929 stat. rev., PT $ labelled as allotype; 18 - ditto, HT S [scale
bars 1 cm].
Plate 117
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-19. Habitus of Ophiotettix species in lateral view. 1-0. amberiana sp. nov., holotype (HT) 6'; 2 - ditto,
paratype (PT) 1/7 3 - 0. bewana sp. nov., HT 4 - 0. bomberaiensis sp. nov., PT 20/27 5 - ditto, HT (5'; 6 - 0.
brevicoiiis sp. nov., HT (5'; 7 - ditto, PT 13/41 8 - 0. cheesmanae sp. nov., HT 9 - 0. depressa sp. nov., HT (/;
10 - ditto, PT 1/4 11 - 0. fiiiforma sp. nov., PT 5/31 12 - ditto, HT (5'; 13 - 0. fiyriveriensis sp. nov., PT 21/24
14 - ditto, HT (5', 15 - 0. fritzpahii sp. nov., HT S', 16 - ditto, PT 1/18 17 - 0. hansschoiteni sp. nov., PT 1/3
18 - ditto, HT S', 19 - 0. imbiana sp. nov., HT S [scale bars 1 cm].
Plate 118
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-15. Habitus of Ophiotettix species in lateral view. 1-0. kaitani sp. nov., pa retype (PT) 7/11 2 - ditto,
HT (/; 3 - 0. karimuiensis sp. nov., PT 13/22 4 - ditto, HT (5'; 5 - 0. katharinae sp. nov., PT 6 - ditto, HT (5';
7-0. iuce sp. nov., HT 8 - 0. meggv sp. nov., HT 9 - 0. mountnokensis sp. nov., PT 6/12 10 - ditto, HT (5';
11 - 0. parvicoiiis sp. nov., PT 5/5 12 - ditto, HT (5'; 13 - 0. projecta sp. nov., HT (5'; 14 - 0. puicherrima sp. nov.,
PT 3/8 15 - ditto, PT 7/8 6' [scale bars 1 cm].
Plate 119
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-19. Habitus of Ophiotettix species in lateral view. 1-0. pushkari sp. nov., holotype (HT) 6'; 2 - ditto, PT
3-0. quateorum sp. nov., HT 4 - ditto, PT 1/8 5 - 0. rebrinae sp. nov., HT (5'; 6 - 0. roesieri sp. nov., PT 1/18
7 - ditto, HT (5'; 8 - 0. rohwedderi sp. nov., PT 1/5 9 - ditto, HT S', 10 - 0. sanguinea sp. nov., HT 11 - ditto,
PT 3/4 12 - 0. schapinae sp. nov., PT 13 - ditto, HT 14 - 0. staiiei sp. nov., HT S', 15 - 0. storozhenkoi sp.
nov., PT 16 - ditto, HT S', 17 - 0. subbrevicoiiis sp. nov., PT 1/11 18 - ditto, HT S', 19 - 0. teiefominensis sp.
nov., HT S [scale bar 1 cm].
Plate 120
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-17. Habitus of Ophiotettix species in lateral view. 1-0. tenuis sp. nov., paratype (PT) 1/3 2 - ditto, ho-
lotype (HT) (5'; 3 - 0. toxopei sp. nov., PT 3/11 4 - ditto, HT (5'; 5 - 0. buergersi Bolfvar, 1929, HT (5'; 6 - ditto, PT
$ labelled as allotype; 7-0. cygnicoiiis Walker, 1871, (5' syntype of Tetricodina iuteomarginata Westwood, 1874; 8
- ditto, HT 9 - 0. iimosina (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865), 6' from Klamono, Doberai Peninsula, W New Guinea
(not a type); 10 - ditto, paralectotype $; 11 - 0. iorentzi Bolfvar, 1929, HT 12 - 0. modesta Bolfvar, 1929, PT
$; 13 - ditto, PT $ labelled as allotype; 14 - 0. scoiopax Bolfvar, 1929, HT 15 - ditto, PT 16 - 0. westwoodi
Bolfvar, 1929 stat. rev., PT $ labelled as allotype; 17 - ditto, HT S [scale bars 1 cm].
Plate 121
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
N.DDTCU NEW GUINEA:
Waigeu.Mt Nok.
Ti.l938.
L.E.Gh$e8maD.
B.M.lD38-5y3.
1
o
Oj^Ut'o iK
Ua ^ ( (IX ip .
^ HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
DUTCH NEW GUINEA;
Humboldt &ay Dlit.
DewanI Mtc.
ix.lW7.
B.M.15S*I77.
2
NHMUK 01092467J
r^>
o
+ HOLOTYPE det Josef Tumbrinck
N iW GUINEA: NET 11.
Vu-;E"KO?: Fax L’aX
S. coast oT Boinbaral
lOO-VOO!r.,VI-f^-l955
T.O, Kaa
Collator
BiajoP
3
Wau,MoroE^ Distr.
Mt. Hib»lm,*110CPfc
17.1.1963
H. W. Cllsaold
Collector •
BISHOP
4
NEW GUINEA: (NE)
Bainylk,nrf Maprlk
225m, 20-21, VI. ly6l
.l.l.fisM, (^easitt
Collectors
7
i
Of'-Ui 0
^ HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
N.Dr;TCH NEW GUIJ.EA:
Jai'e»*,C‘amii 3.CeutraiEange.
Mt.Oud. 3,p^t.*!.193S.
L.E.CliCd'^ifian.
B.M.Iu.h^-693.
*1., • Z ‘ ^
£JL
19-
J.& M.Sedlacek
Collec^tors
BISHOP MJSEUM
8
Kaii.Wllhelmaland
Toricelli H5 obi rpe
Dr.^'chla^'inliaufan
StootJ, Museum fUr Jtw i
Tierkunde 0resd#« i
Strnfispmic
. - /.'Aef- .
aearl^aprik, T P N Q
'■^ecn963
D.K.McAlpine
ophiotettix
Llf^OSlNR
CVoll.)
E. MORALILS det.
N
o
6
, ot^l^rtSTa n.cN' ff'ic.
HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
Neth, Iud.-Ana«ricaii
N«w Gaitiea Kxped.
Araucaria Camp SOOni
/ iii l939lj.J.Tcxopeu»
Det.C. Willeinse
9
New Gi:ini*a
Efi'v njf ! (ie
Aos " ' ’’TO
Jor n Gondard
Coll. Monte L. Bean
Life Science Museum
Brigham Young University
Provo Utah
10
NEW GUINEA (Nl)
Karinui ‘
2-3. VI. 1961
J* L* ^esaltC
Collector
13
HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
GUI>F; Ivimka Res.
S t a t i o n. t
Easin iSiOm 7 44 S
146^30'B 14. IV.
2000 T. Sears mt
14
Guinea dU^»ie^^'-x
W, C. Vj Heurn
Pior^erbivak.
xtr.Sfi -i*. 1927
Det. C. WHIeme
15
%
0|^Ulot^UlX
HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
-1^
Kais WiltkeliiiMland
ToricelU Gebirg©
Dr.Scblapinbaufen
19^0
i
16
o
I
OftkioTe-ffi x ^
m 'ip.-, (rt.o'T,
HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
17
N.DUTCriNEWGUINBA:
Waigcu.lItNok.
vi.lU38.
L. £L Cho^fliuan.
B.M.imoif.'!
Ui6UL^lL\clc£.l^Sii l4.S}t.
(^HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
NEW GUINEA: NE
Kas8©in*?a£a, 1400
1430m, 4, IX. 1964
1
J.6M. S«dlacek
Collators
BISHOP
18
Op-Uiotub^i K
(f'HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
o
o
-tJ
ophiotettix
^II^OSIWP
CYoin
E. MOUALES det.
StanJJ^r^
19
6.IX,199t
Irian Jaya. Japan
Serui.Mantetrtbo
200-700r«,leg.A.Riadal
WEST NEW GUINEA
VOCELXOP: l^.b.ir Val.
W of Hanokwari, 550m
4-31.1.1962
1. W. QuaCO
Collector
Figures 1-21. Holotype labels of new Ophiotettix species 1-0. amberiana sp. nov.; 2-0. bewana sp. nov.; 3-0.
bomberaiensis sp. nov.; 4-0. brevicoiiis sp. nov.; 5-0. cheesmanae sp. nov.; 6-0. depressa sp. nov.; 7-0. fiii-
forma sp. nov.; 8-0. fiyriveriensis sp. nov.; 9-0. fritzpa hii sp. nov.; 10 - 0. hansschoiteni sp. nov.; 11 - 0. imbiana
sp. nov.; 12 - 0. kaitani sp. nov.; 13 - 0. karimuiensis sp. nov.; 14 - 0. katharinae sp. nov.: 15 - 0. iuce sp. nov.; 16
- 0. meggysp. nov.; 17 - 0. mountnokensis sp. nov.; 18 - 0. parvicoiiis sp. nov.; 19 - 0. projecta sp. nov.; 20 - 0.
puicherrima sp. nov.; 21 - 0. pushkari sp. nov.
Plate 122
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
N£WCUT:.r.A; NETJI.
llkin
SE o£ Oer^rfari-;i
July 7-17.» 19f)9
T, C. Maa
ColltfCLcr
1
§
c-e^bri in.txc ■ sp.. no^.
HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
<r
Zfiii. » MU J Toxo p«tt»
Del.C Willtmae
2
(KS)
Tdanga 12'J0 m«
llpuar Jraai
Jul; 1&, 1955
J.L. q^esaitt
Collector
^ HOLOTYPE del Josef Tumbrinck
3
WEST NEW GUINEA
Star Mts. Sibil Vali
124Sn,18.3C-8,XI.'61 Collector
L. W. Quate
NEW GUINEA: NETH.
UarU, S.fedf
Hollanciia,450-500ta
VIII-16-23-1959
T. C. Waa
Collictor
KEW GUINEA (NW>
Habire.S. Ceelvlnk
Bay, 0 ^ 30
2-9. VII. 1962
J. 1. CressUt
0k.U
S'
i
\ O'le.'l'ti x
^cL.Ci.|^i(A<AE SfV-W.oV'.
HOLOTYPE del Josef Tumbrinck
COLleWa I.SC>W,8e
pAp\jfl N«w Cuin^a
Horgb^ pr « t Jlngua f 1
2^.V.|9R8( jef .050)
li?g« J. v«Ti
27)61
7
NI'TW GUINKA: NETH.
VOGELKOP : *Bomberl
■700-900^1 VI- 5“ '59
aedge^4
J.L. Gressltt
Collector
BISHOP MUSEUM
0(/vU.i'o U-TIi'k
HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
8
OfuU
lolc-l-LiTc ^
s|"0 ro tUciAicoi Sf^-Uo/*
^ HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
MslambiR* L^eN.G.
HirilungaVill 4500
29M-S^ *
Coll. JH Ardloy
f iSae. .
tpk\,^g"n‘ i M *
tco*0 bi
9
icUU.K I
Co^iS lA-Sp-.
HOLOTYPE det. Josef Tumbrinck
Meth. Ind. -American
Mew Guinea Kxped.
Araucaria CampSOOm
10
Meth. Iiid. -American
Mew Guinea Exped.
Araucaria Camp SOOin
S iti.l939fj.J.Toxop«ui
Det.C. Will^mse
12
Ojp-U I o/c //( x
i:0K0p.Zi K0*/,j>«c.
HOLOTYPE det. Josef Turnbrinck
&
OPhiOreTTiX
BDR-oeRSl
TlPO * C.BO)
E. MORALES det.
D.N.Qumeaii(f
tiordbarg
K«l9«AugustaB.Exp.
Burgers S^G.
13
59-58. Dory,
New Guinea.
Holo-
t^e
r^i
T<ft>e
Slandintj uixicr
OphiiituUix rygnicntlift WalLcr
Hi collectiim *
OUMNH, Oxford
UPrrt>>oOh, s
Ophiotettix cygnicolUs
WALKER;* 1871
det J. Tumbrinck
14
NHMUK 01 0924424
•» .
C
15
V/C^'T>
*t** tSiU
Q.ir. kacccArA^V'CA')
det. J. Tumbrinck
[)et. €■
16
Z.Nfeu«Gui^33t
Lorftfit?
Alkmacf Xf.fr;
OPMIOTETTIY
lorehtz.1
Tipo C.Bol
E. MORALES dct.
OPMIOTSTTIV
BJR(oFR6l
MODE'STR Cbo!
*^S?MORALES det.
D. N, Guinea 128
IUI6.VIIt.lt
aato.AugiMiUQ.Exp.
tirgers S.G.
17
OPMIOTETTIX
SCO^PRX
a
TipO C&Ol-
E* MORALES det.
Z.NietiwGuirea
Loreni/ ISlb-lU
BivakEilar.d /){.oy
18
OpmOTETTlX
3 ijRCER&i
WESTWOObl c.&oi
MORALES det.
D,vU<Ouinea 404
Maanderberg
21._30iVIII. 13.
ais. Augustall.
Exp.
BUrgers S G.
19
Ophiotettix westwoodi
BOLtVART.1929i^li..
ttfoT det. J. Tumbrinck
Figures 1-19. Type labels of new and hitherto described Ophiotettix species. 1-0. rebrinae sp. nov.; 2-0. roesieri
sp. nov.; 3-0. rohwedderi sp. nov.; 4-0. quateorum sp. nov.; 5-0. sanguinea sp. nov.; 6-0. schapinae sp. nov.;
7-0. staiiei sp. nov.; 8-0. storozhenkoi sp. nov.; 9-0. subbrevicoiiis sp. nov.; 10 - 0. teiefominensis sp. nov.;
11 - 0. tenuis sp. nov.; 12 - 0. toxopei sp. nov.; 13 - 0. buergersi Bolfvar, 1929; 14 - 0. cygnicoiiis Walker, 1871,
holotype and syntype Tetricodina iuteomarginata Westwood, 1874 syn. acc.; 15 - Tetrix iimosina Snellen van Vollen-
hoven, 1865, lectotype; 16 - 0. iorentzi Bolfvar, 1929, holotype; 17 - 0. modesta Bolfvar, 1929, holotype; 18 - 0.
scoiopax Bolfvar, 1929, holotype; 19 - 0. westwoodi Bolfvar, 1929, holotype.
Plate 123
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-5. Field photographic records of living Ophiotettix. 1-0. puicherrima sp. nov. mating pair from Yapen
Island, Cenderawasih Bay, W New Guinea, lateral view (photo: D. Price); 2 - $ of undescribed pygmy giraffehopper
species from Muller Range, Papua New Guinea, Southern Flighlands Province, dorsal view (photo: P. Naskrecki); 3
- 0. puicherrima sp. nov. maiting pair from Yapen Island, Cenderawasih Bay, W New Guinea, lateral view (photo: D.
Price); 4 - ditto, frontal view (photo: D. Price); 5 - $ of undescribed giraffehopper from Muller Range, Papua New
Guinea, Southern Flighlands Province, lateral view (photo: P. Naskrecki). All photographs reproduced with permis¬
sion.
Plate 124
Tumbrinck, J. & Skejo, J.: Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the New Guinean genus Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 ...
Figures 1-5. Field photographic records of living Ophiotettix. 1-0. storozhen koi sp. nov., $ from Fak Fak Mts., Onin
Peninsula, W New Guinea, on bark and bearing photosynthetic organisms on its pronotum (likely epizoic interaction,
symbiosis), lateral view (photo: D. Telnov); 2 - ditto, on a leaf, lateral view (photo: D. Telnov); 3-0. iimosina (Snellen
van Vollenhoven, 1865) 6' from Arfak Mts., Doberai Peninsula, W New Guinea (photo: M. Stefunko); 4-5 - 0. fiiiforma
sp. nov., (5' from Kali Biru, N New Guinea, on a leaf, dorsolateral view (photos: D. Price). All photographs reproduced
with permission.
Plate 125
ViTALi, R: Taxonomic notes on Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841) and Acalolepta vastator (Newman, 1847) ...
1
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9
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MuB«um Paris
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^ 6
Figures 1-7. Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841), habitus and original labels. 1 - Monochammus mixtus Hope, 1841,
syntype 6', habitus, dorsal view; 2 - ditto, ventral view; 3 - Dihammus bispinosus Breuning, 1935, holotype 6'; 4
- Acalolepta bispinosipennis Breuning, 1969, holotype $; 5 - 4. sumbawana Breuning, 1969, holotype 6 - 4.
savoensis Breuning, 1979, holotype 6'; 7 - A. mixta (Hope, 1841), $ from Bellona Island, Solomon Islands.
Plate 126
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
1
Figures 1-4. Papuan Cyana (Cyana) species. 1-2 - C. (C.) transfasciata (Rothschild, 1912): 1 - Lectotype 6', Utakwa
River, Papua, Indonesia (BMNH); 2 - $ Setekwa River, Papua, Indonesia (BMNH); 3-4 - C. (C.). binigrofasciata
spec, nov.: 3 - Holotype 6', Marina Valen, Papua, Indonesia (KSP); 4 - Paratype 6', Marina Valen, Papua, Indonesia
(RMNH).
Figures 5-8. Papuan Cyana (Clerckia) species. 5-6 - C. (Cl.) metamelas (Flannpson, 1914): 5 - Flolotype 6', Minnika
River, Papua, Indonesia (BMNFI); 6 - $ (presunned to belong to C. metamelas) Wangaar, Papua, Indonesia (BMNFI);
7 - C. (Cl.) posthyallna sp. nov., holotype 6', Batanta Island, Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNFI); 8 - C. (Cl.) dentlmar-
glnata spec, nov., holotype 6', Andai, Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNFI).
Plate 127
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-8. Papuan Cyana (Clerckia) species. 1-2 - C. (Cl.) tegyra tegyra (Druce, 1899): 1 - Holotype 6', Fergusson
Island, Papua New Guinea (BMNFI); 2 - $ fronn Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea (BMNFI); 3-4 - C. (Cl.) tegyra
postdIvIsa (Rothschild, 1913): 3-6' fronn Gn. Meja Reserve, Manokwari, Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNFI); 4- $ fronn
Numfor Island, Papua, Indonesia (BMNFI); 5-6 - C. (Cl.) tegyra retracta (Draudt, 1914): 5 - Flolotype S, New Britain,
Papua New Guinea (BMNFI); 6 - $ from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea (BMNFI); 7-8 - C. (Cl.) tricolora (Butler,
1877): 7 -6' from Mabilabol, Star Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNFI); 8 - Flolotype Aru Islands, Indonesia (BMNFI).
Plate 128
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
6
\
Figures 1-8. Papuan Cyana (Clerckia) species. 1-2 - C. (Cl.) trigona Rothschild, 1903: 1-6' fronn Wainnak, Jayawi-
jaya Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 2 - $ fronn Wainnak, Jayawijaya Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 3-4 - C. (Cl.)
simonthomasi S!p. nov.: 3 - Holotype (6, Kota Nica, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 4 - Paratype Genjem, Papua, Indo¬
nesia (RMNH); 5-8 - C. (Cl.) thoracica Rothschild, Jordan, 1901: 5 - Lectotype (6, Humboldt Bay, Papua, Indonesia
(BMNH); 6 - (6 from Rasiei, Wandammen Peninsula, Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNH); 7 - (6 from Dotir, Wandam-
men Peninsula, Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNH); 8 - $ from Landikma, Jayawijaya Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH).
Plate 129
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-8. Papuan Cyana species. 1-2 - C. (Clerkia) thoracica Rothschild, Jordan, 1901: 1 - $ fronn Etna Bay,
Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 2 - Holotype $ Chionaema croceizona, Wataikwa River, Papua, Indonesia (BMNH-
1689257); 3-4 - C. (Cryptanaema) nigroplagata (Bethune-Baker, 1910): 3-6' fronn Pass Valley, Jayawijaya Mts,
Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 4 - $ fronn Walmak, Jayawijaya Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 5 - C. (Cr.) albimarginalis
sp. nov. holotype (6, Mokndoma, Sudirman Mts, Papua, Indonesia (KSP- 65627); 6-7 - C. (Cr.) basialba (Rothschild,
1913): 6-6' from Wondiboy Mts, Wandammen Peninsula, Papua Barat, Indonesia (KSP-24243); 7 - $ from Mabi-
labol. Star Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 8 - C. (Cr.) molbakon sp. nov. holotype Molbakon, Star Mts, Papua,
Indonesia (RMNH).
Plate 130
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-8. Papuan Cyana (Cryptanaema) species. 1-3 - C. (Cr.) inusitata (Bethune-Baker, 1910): 1-6' fronn Le-
lannbo, Jayawijaya Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 2 - $ fronn Mabilabol, Star Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 3 - $
darkfornn, Senopi, Tannrau Plateau, Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNH); 4-6 - C. (Cr.) zwieri sp. nov.: 4 - Holotype (6,
Wainnak, Jayawijaya Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 5 - Paratype Wainnak, Jayawijaya Mts, Papua, Indonesia
(RMNH); 6 - $ darkfornn, Wainnak, Jayawijaya Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 7-8 - C. (Cr.) melanoplagia melanop-
lagia (Hampson, 1900): 7 - S from Mabilabol, Star Mts, Papua, Indonesia (RMNH); 8 - $ from Warkapi, Arfak Mts,
Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNH).
Plate 131
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
5
6
7 8
Figures 1-8. Papuan Cyana (Cryptanaema) species. 1-2 - C. (Cr.) melanoplagia orcheia (Rothschild, 1916): 1 - Lec-
totype 6', Dannpier Island [Karkar], Papua New Guinea (BMNH); 2 - $ fronn Dannpier Island (= fornner Karkar), Papua
New Guinea (BMNH); 3-4 - C. (Cr.) melanoplagia extrema ssp. nov.: 3 - Holotype 6', Goodenough Island, Papua
New Guinea (BMNH); 4 - Paratype Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea (BMNH); 5-6 - C. (Cr.) area (Bethune-
Baker, 1904): 5 - Holotype S, Upper Area River, Papua New Guinea (BMNH); 6 - $ fronn Upper Aroa River, Papua
New Guinea (BMNH); 7-8 - C. (Cr.) charybdis ( Beth un e-Baker, 1904): 7 - (5' fronn Walmak, Jayawijaya Mts, Papua,
Indonesia (RMNH); 8 - $ from Mokwam, Arfak Mts, Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNH).
Plate 132
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
2
Figures 1-8. Papuan Cyana (Cryptanaema) species. 1-2 - C. (Cr.) fumea (Hannpson, 1900): 1-6' fronn Prafi, Birds-
head Peninsula, Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNH); 2 - $ fronn Warkapi, Arfak Mts, Papua Barat, Indonesia (RMNH);
3-4 - C. (Cr.) punctistrigosa (Rothschild, 1913): 3-6' fronn Dotir, Wandammen Peninsula, Papua Barat, Indonesia
(RMNH); 4 - $ from Mt. Goliath (Gn. Yamin), Star Mts., Papua, Indonesia (BMNH); 5-6 - C. (Cr.) gracilis sp. nov.: 5 -
Holotype 6', Foja Mts, Papua (KSP-42271); 6 - Paratype $, Foja Mts, Papua (KSP-42284); 7-8 - C. (Cr.) brunnea
(Bethune-Baker, 1904): 7-6' from Hydrographer Mts, Papua New Guinea (BMNH); 8 - $ from Fakfak, Papua Barat,
Indonesia (BMNH).
Plate 133
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-8. Male genitalia of Cyana species. 1-2 - Cyana (Cyana) transfasciata (Rothschild, 1912) prep. BM-
RV1528: 1 - Habitus genitalia; 2 - Aedeagus; 3-4 - C. (C.). binigrofasciata sp. nov. prep. KSP-24241: 3 - Habitus
genitalia; 4 - Aedeagus; 5-6 - C. (Clerckia) metamelas (Hannpson, 1914) prep. NHMUK_010313308: 5 - Habitus
genitalia; 6 - Aedeagus; 7-8 - C. (Cl.) posthyalina sp. nov. prep. RV1544: 7 - Habitus genitalia; 8 - aedeagus.
Plate 134
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
2 4 8
Figures 1-8. Male genitalia of Cyana (Clerckia) species. 1-2 - C. (Cl.) dentimarginata sp. nov. prep. RV1549: 1 -
Habitus genitalia; 2 - Aedeagus; 3-4 - C. (Cl.) tegyra tegyra (Druce, 1899) prep. BM-RV1545: 3 - Habitus genitalia;
4 - Aedeagus; 5-6 - C. (Cl.) tegyra postdIvIsa (Rothschild, 1913) prep. RV1546: 5 - Habitus genitalia; 6 - Aedeagus;
7-8 - C. (Cl.) tricolora (Butler, 1877) prep. RV1559: 7 - Habitus genitalia; 8 - Aedeagus.
Plate 135
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-8. Male genitalia of Cyana species. 1-2 - C. (Clerckia) trigona Rothschild, 1903 prep. RV1557: 1 - Habitus
genitalia; 2 - Aedeagus; 3-4 - C. (Cl.) simonthomasi sp. nov. prep. RV1550: 3 - Habitus genitalia; 4 - Aedeagus;
5-6 - C. (Cl.) thoracica Rothschild, Jordan, 1901 prep. RV1555: 5 - Habitus genitalia; 6 - Aedeagus; 7-8 - Cyana
(Cryptanaema) nigroplagata (Bethune-Baker, 1910) prep. RV1530: 7 - Habitus genitalia; 8 - Aedeagus.
Plate 136
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-8. Male genitalia of Cyana (Cryptanaema) species. 1-2 - C. (Cr.) albimarginalis sp. nov. prep. KSP-65627:
1 - Habitus genitalia; 2 - Aedeagus; 3-4 - C. (Cr.) basialba (Rothschild, 1913) prep. KSP-24243: 3 - Habitus
genitalia; 4 - Aedeagus; 5-6 - C. (Cr.) inusitata (Bethune-Baker, 1910) prep. RV1538: 5 - Habitus genitalia; 6 - Ae¬
deagus; 7-8 - C. (Cr.) zwieri sp. nov. prep. RV1532: 7 - Habitus genitalia; 8 - Aedeagus.
Plate 137
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-8. Male genitalia of Cyana (Cryptanaema) species. 1-2 - C. (Cr.) melanoplagia melanoplagia (Hannpson,
1900) prep. BM-RV1512: 1 - Habitus genitalia; 2 - Aedeagus; 3-4 - C. (Cr.) melanoplagia orcheia (Rothschild,
1916) prep. BM-RV1514: 3 - Habitus genitalia; 4 - Aedeagus; 5-6 - C. (Cr.) melanoplagia extrema ssp. nov. prep.
BM-RV1516: 5 - Habitus genitalia; 6 - Aedeagus; 7-8 - C. (Cr.) area (Bethune-Baker, 1904) prep. BM-RV1520:
7 - Habitus genitalia; 8 - Aedeagus.
Plate 138
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-8. Male genitalia of Cyana (Cryptanaema) species. 1-2 - C. (Cr.) charybdis (Bethune-Baker, 1904) prep.
BM-RV1524: 1 - Habitus genitalia; 2 - Aedeagus; 3-4 - C. (Cr.) fumea (Hannpson, 1900) prep. RV1536: 3 - Habitus
genitalia; 4 - Aedeagus; 5-6 - C. (Cr.) punctistrigosa (Rothschild, 1913) prep. RV1527: 5 - Habitus genitalia; 6 -
Aedeagus; 7-8 - C. (Cr.) gracilis sp. nov. prep. KSP-42271: 7 - Habitus genitalia; 8 - Aedeagus.
Plate 139
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-7. Male and fennale genitalia of Cyana species. 1-2 - Male genitalia of Cyana (Cryptanaema) brunnea
(Bethune-Baker, 1904) prep. BM-RV1522: 1 - Habitus genitalia; 2 - Aedeagus; 3-5 - Fennale genitalia of Cyana
(Cyana) transfasciata (Rothschild, 1912) prep. BM-RV1529: 3 - Habitus genitalia; 4 - Cervix; 5 - Signunn; 6-7 -
Fennale genitalia of Cyana (Clerckia) tegyra postdivisa (Rothschild, 1913) prep. RV1547: 6 - Habitus genitalia; 7
- Cervix and signunn.
Plate 140
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-9. Fennale genitalia of Cyana species. 1-2 - C. (Clerckia) trigona Rothschild, 1903 prep. RV1558: 1 - Flabi-
tus genitalia; 2 - Cervix and signunn; 3-4 - C. (Cl.) thoracica Rothschild, Jordan, 1901 prep. RV1556: 3 - Flabitus
genitalia; 4 - Cervix and signa; 5-7 - C. (Cryptanaema) nigroplagata (Bethune-Baker, 1910) prep. RV1531: 5 -
Flabitus genitalia; 6 - Cervix and Signunn; 7 - Signunn; 8-9 - C. (Cr.) basialba (Rothschild, 1913) prep. RV1534: 8
- Flabitus genitalia; 9 - Signunn.
Plate 141
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
8 10
Figures 1-10. Fennale genitalia of Cyana (Cryptanaema) species. 1-2 - C. (Cr.) molbakon sp. nov. prep. RV1567: 1 -
Flabitus genitalia; 2 - Signunn; 3-5 - C. (Cr.) inusitata (Bethune-Baker, 1910) prep. RV1539: 3 - Flabitus genitalia; 4
- Cervix; 5 - Signunn; 6-8 - C. fCr.jzw/er/ sp. nov. prep. RV1533: 6 - Flabitus genitalia; 7 - Cervix; 8 - Signunn; 9-10
- C. (Cr.) melanoplagia melanoplagia (Fiampson, 1900) prep. BM-RV1513: 9 - Flabitus genitalia; 10 - Signunn.
Plate 142
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
4 6 9
Figures 1-9. Fennale genitalia of Cyana (Cryptanaema) species. 1-2 - C. (Cr.) melanoplagia orcheia (Rothschild,
1916) prep. BM-RV1515: 1 - Flabitus genitalia; 2 - Signunn; 3-4 - C. (Cr.) melanoplagia extrema ssp. nov. prep.
BM-RV1517: 3 - Flabitus genitalia; 4 - Signunn; 5-6 - C. (Cr.) area (Bethune-Baker, 1904) prep. BM-RV1521: 5
- Flabitus genitalia; 6 - Signunn; 7-9 - C. (Cr.) charybdis (Bethune-Baker, 1904) prep. BM-RV1525: 7 - Flabitus
genitalia; 8 - Cervix; 9 - Signunn.
Plate 143
DE Vos, R.: The Cyana Walker, 1854 species of New Guinea, with description of a new subgenus ...
Figures 1-9. Fennale genitalia of Cyana (Cryptanaema) species. 1-3 - C. (Cr.) fumea (Flannpson, 1900) prep. RV1537:
1 - Flabitus genitalia; 2 - Cervix; 3 - Signunn; 4-5 - C. (Cr.) punctistrigosa (Rothschild, 1913) prep. RV1526: 4 -
Flabitus genitalia; 5 - Signunn; 6-7 - C. (Cr.) gracilis sp. nov. prep. KSP-42283: 6 - Flabitus genitalia; 7 - Signunn;
8-9 - C. (Cr.) brunnea (Bethune-Baker, 1904) prep. BM-RV1523: 8 - Flabitus genitalia; 9 - Signunn.
Plate 144
7
Figures 1-9. Oriental and Australian Aponnecynini. 1-3, 8 - Hathlia lacteola Hope, 1841, holotype: 1 - Habitus,
dorsal view; 2 - ditto, lateral view; 3 - ditto, ventral view; 8 - Type labels; 4-6, 9 - Mycerinus aridus Pascoe, 1862,
holotype: 4 - habitus, dorsal view; 5 - ditto, lateral view; 6 - ditto, ventral view; 9 - Type labels; 7 - Mycerinopsis
arida (Pascoe, 1862), $ fronn Atherton (Queensland), head, front view.
Plate 145
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
6 7 8 9
Figures 1-9. Oriental and Australian Apomecynini. 1-4 - Lamprosybra sulcata Breuning, 1960, lectotype: 1 - Habitus,
dorsal view; 2 - Aedeagus; 3 - legmen; 4 - Tergite VIII; 5-8 - Lamprosybra fusel pennis Aurivillius, 1928, lectotype:
5 - Habitus, dorsal view; 6 - Aedeagus; 7 - legmen; 8 - Tergite VIII; 9 - Oopsis obtusi pennis Aurivillius, 1928,
pa retype, dorsal view [figs 2-4 & 6-8 scale bar 1 mm].
Plate 146
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
Figures 1-9. Habitus of Oriental and Australian Apomecynini, dorsal view. 1 - Bityle bicolor Pascoe, 1865, holotype;
2 - Cylindroplocia pseudobityle Heller, 1924, holotype; 3 - C. pseudobityle ab. crucifera Heller, 1924, holotype; 4 -
C. basimaculata Heller, 1924, holotype; 5 - C. basimaculata ab. teres Heller, 1924, holotype; 6 - C. alboscutellaris
Heller, 1924, holotype; 7 - C. helleri Schwarzer, 1931 syn. nov., holotype; 8 - C. modesta Heller, 1924, holotype;
9 - Sybra albostictica Breuning, 1960, holotype.
Plate 147
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
8
9
10
0,5 mm
6
7
1 mm
Figures 1-11. Oriental and Australian Apomecynini. 1-2 - Sybromimus obliquatus Breuning, 1940, neotype: 1 -
Habitus, dorsal view; 2 - ditto, ventral view; 3-9 - Sybra ochreoguttata Breuning, 1939, neotype: 3 - Habitus,
dorsal view; 4 - Tergite VIII; 5 - legmen; 6 - Aedeagus, ventral view; 7 - ditto, lateral view; 8 - Fibula, ventral view;
9 - ditto, lateral view; 10-11 - Sybra ochreoguttata Breuning, 1939 6' from Mindanao: 10 - Fibula, lateral view; 11
- Pronotum [figs 4-7 scale bar 1 mm, figs 8-10 scale bar 0.5 mm].
Plate 148
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
Figures 1-9. Habitus of Oriental and Australian Apomecynini, dorsal view. 1 - Sybra baculina Bates, 1866, holotype;
2-3 - Sybra ishigakii Breuninget Ohbayashi, 1964 syn. nov.: 2 - Holotype; 3 - Paratypefrom Ishigaki (Japan) (ISNB);
4-5 - Sybra borneotica Breuning, 1939: 4 - Holotype; 5-6' from Mount Kinabalu (Borneo); 6-7 - Sybra guamensis
Iwata, 1993 syn. nov.: 6 - Paratype $ from Guam; 7 - Paratype (6 from Guam; 8-9 - Sybra mindorensis Aurivillius,
1927: 8 - Holotype; 9 - $ from Luzon (Philippines).
Plate 149
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
Figures 1-9. Oriental and Australian Apomecynini. 1-5 - Sybra marcida Pascoe, 1865: 1 - Holotype, habitus, dorsal
view; 2 - S. papuana Breuning, 1939 syn. nov., holotype, dorsal view; 3-6' from Yapen (West New Guinea), dorsal
view; 4 - $ from Mokwam (West New Guinea, Doberai Peninsula), dorsal view; 5 - Aedeagus with endophallus; 6
- S. ochreovittipennis Breuning, 1964, holotype, dorsal view; 7 - S. samarana Breuning, 1970 syn. nov., holotype,
dorsal view; 8 - $ from Leyte (Philippines) (USNM), dorsal view; 9 - S. proximata Breuning, 1942 syn. nov., holotype,
dorsal view.
Plate 150
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
Figures 1-9. Habitus of Oriental and Australian Apomecynini, dorsal view. 1 - Sybra porcellus Pascoe, 1865 6' from
Sulawesi (Indonesia); 2 - S. sexguttata Breuning, 1939, holotype; 3 - S. postal bo mar mo rata Breuning, 1964 syn.
nov.; 4 - Falsepilysta ochraceomaculata (Schwarzer, 1931), holotype; 5 - Inermomulciber schultzei Breuning, 1974
syn. nov., holotype; 6 - Falsepilysta olivacea (Schwarzer, 1931), holotype; 7 - Mimosybra albosignata Breuning,
1982 syn. nov.; 8-9 - M. annulata (Heller, 1924) comb, nov.: 8 - Holotype; 9-6' from Mindanao (Philippines).
Plate 151
Weigel, A. & Skale, A.: Systematics, taxonomy, and faunistics of the Apomecynini of the Oriental and Australian ...
Figures 1-6. Oriental and Australian Apomecynini. 1-2 - Mimosybra bimaculata (Breuning, 1939) comb, nov.: 1 -
Holotype, habitus, dorsal view; 2 - (5' from Sulawesi (Indonesia); 3 - M. borneana (Breuning, 1961) comb. nov. (5'
from Ranau (Malaysia); 4-6 - M. strandi (Breuning, 1938) comb, nov.: 4 - Holotype, habitus, dorsal view; 5 - Type
labels; 6-6' from Taiwan (China).
Plate 152
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera) ...
5 6
Figures 1-6. Habitus of Eudocima species. 1- E. aurantia (Moore, 1877), S, Sudest I.; 2 - ditto, $, Sudest I.; 3 - E.
prolai Zilli, Hogenes, 2002, S, New Guinea; 4 - ditto, $, New Guinea; 5 - E cocalus (Cranner, [1777]), S, Vulcan I.;
6 - ditto, $, Fergusson I.
Plate 153
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera) ...
F
3 6
Figures 1-6. Habitus of Eudocima species. 1 - E. hypermnestra (Stoll, [1780]), 6', India; 2 - ditto, 6', Vietnann; 3
- ditto, $, “Malaya”; 4 - E discrepans (Walker, [1858]), 6', Sunnatra; 5 - ditto, S, Lonnbok I.; 6 - ditto, $, Borneo.
Plate 154
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera) ...
5 6
Figures 1-6. Habitus of Eudocima species. 1 - E. muscigera (Butler, 1882), S, New Guinea; 2 - ditto, 6', New
Guinea; 3 - ditto, $, New Guinea; 4 - ditto, $, New Guinea; 5 - E homaena (Hubner, [1823]), 6', Sulawesi; 6 - ditto,
Sulawesi.
Plate 155
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Figures 1-6. Habitus of Eudocima caesar (C. Felder, 1861). 1-6', Serann; 2 - ditto, S (syntype Othreis prattorum
A.E. Prout, 1922), Serann; 3 - ditto, S (syntype 0. prattorum), Serann; 4 - ditto, syntype $, Ambon; 5 - ditto, $, Se¬
ram; 6 - ditto, $ (syntype E. prattorum), Seram.
Plate 156
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Figures 1-6. Habitus of Eudocima species. 1 - E. iridescens (T.P. Lucas, 1894), S, New Guinea; 2 - ditto, 6', New
Britain; 3 - ditto, $, Rossell I.; 4 - E srivijayana (Banziger, 1985), 6', Philippines (Mindanao I.); 5 - ditto, 6', Su¬
lawesi; 6 - ditto, Tinnor I.
Plate 157
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera) ...
Figures 1-5. Habitus of Eudocima talboti (A.E. Prout, 1922). 1 - Syntype 6', Serann; 2 - ditto, syntype 6', Serann;
3 - ditto, S, Annbon; 4 - ditto, S, Mefor I.; 5 - ditto, $, Hainnahera.
Plate 158
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera) ...
Figures 1-5. Habitus of Eudocima species. 1- E. cajeta (Cranner, [1775]), 6', Vietnann; 2 - ditto, $, Myannnar; 3 - E.
oliveri sp. nov., holotype 6', Vanuatu (Aneityunn); 4 - ditto, paratype 6', Vanuatu (Aneityunn); 5 - ditto, paratype $,
Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo).
Plate 159
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera) ...
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Figures 1-6. Habitus of Eudocima phalonia (Linnaeus, 1763). 1-6', New Caledonia; 2 - ditto, (6, Solonnon Islands
(Isabel); 3 - ditto, S, sanne as 2 (underside); 4 - ditto, S, Solonnon Islands (New Georgia group); 5 - ditto, S, sanne
as 4 (underside); 6 - ditto, $, Fiji (Vanua Levu).
Plate 160
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Figures 1-6. Habitus of BE/cfoc/ma phalonia (Linnaeus, 1763). 1 - Fiji (Vanua Levu); 2 - ditto, Solonnon Islands
(Guadalcanal); 3 - ditto, $, Solonnon Islands (Florida group); 4 - ditto, $, Solonnon Islands (ChoiseuI); 5 - ditto, $,
Palau (Koror); 6 - ditto, $, Sannoa (Upolu).
Plate 161
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Figures 1-6. Habitus of Eudocima species. 1 - E. steppingstonia sp. nov., holotype 6', Marquesas Islands (Fatu
Hiva); 2 - ditto, paratype Marquesas Islands (Fatu Hiva); 3 - ditto, paratype $, Marquesas (Fatu Hiva) (1-3 cour¬
tesy of NMNH Washington); 4 - E kuehni (Pagenstecher, 1886), 6', New Guinea; 5 - ditto, 6' (holotype Lagoptera
pratti Bethune-Baker, 1906), New Guinea; 6 - ditto, New Ireland.
Plate 162
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Figures 1-5. Habitus of Eudocima paulii (Robinson, 1968). 1-6', Fiji (Viti Levu); 2 - ditto, (6, Fiji (Viti Levu); 3 - ditto,
(6, Fiji (Viti Levu); 4 - ditto, $, Fiji (Viti Levu); 5 - ditto, paratype $, Fiji (Viti Levu).
Plate 163
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Figures 1-6. Habitus of Bucfoc/ma species. 1 - E Jordan/ (Holland, 1900), 6', New Guinea; 2 - ditto, $, New Guinea;
3 - E dividens (Walker, [1858]), 6', Malay Peninsula; 4 - ditto, Borneo; 5 - E nigricilia (A.E. Prout, 1924), holo-
type 6', New Guinea; 6 - ditto, $, New Guinea (courtesy of NBC Leiden).
Plate 164
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Figures 1-5. Habitus of Eudocima salaminia (Cranner, [1777]). 1-6', Vanuatu (Erronnango); 2 - ditto, Vanuatu
(Erronnango); 3 - ditto, $, Vanuatu; 4 - ditto, S, Solonnon Islands (Guadalcanal); 6 - ditto, $, Solonnon Islands
(Guadalcanal).
Plate 165
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera) ...
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Figures 1-5. Habitus of Eudocima species. 1 - E. materna (Linnaeus, 1767), S, Dawson Strait group; 2 - ditto, $,
Dawson Strait group; 3 - E. martini s\^. nov., holotype 6', Solonnon Islands (Rendova); 4 - ditto, paratype $, Bougain¬
ville; 5 - E cf. martini S!p. nov., Solonnon Islands (Guadalcanal).
•r*
Plate 166
ZiLLi, A., Brou, V.A., Klem C., Zaspel, J.: The Eudocima Billberg, 1820 of the Australian Region (Lepidoptera) ...
Figures 1-5. Historical artwork on Eudocima species. 1 - Original drawing for Cranner’s Phalaena Noctua cajeta
(nnale) by Wartenaar Lannbertz; 2 - ditto (underside); 3 - ditto (fennale); 4 - Original legend fronn plate 54 by Wart-
enaar Lannbertz (undated); 5 - Drawing of holotype of Lagoptera pratti connnnissioned by G.F. Hannpson.
Plate 167
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, ...
Figures 1-12. Syrphidae heads. 1-9 - Lateral view: 1 - Ceriana ornata (Saunders); 2 - Chymophila fulgens (Wiede¬
mann); 3 - Eristalinus (Lathyrophthalmus) aeneus (Scopoli); 4 - Keda conclusa (Walker); 5 - Matsumyia jesoensis
( Matsu mura); 6 - Rhingia sp.; 7 - Ornidia obesa (Fabric! us); 8 - Paragus auritus Stuckenberg; 9 - Psilota sp.; 10
- Anterolateral view of Nepenthosyrphus sp.; 11-12 - Ventral view: 11 - Psilota sp.; 12 - Triglyphus primus Loew.
Plate 168
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, ...
Figures 1-8. Syrphidae nnetasternunn and nnetaleg, lateral view. 1 - Mesembrius sp.; 2 - Paratropidia multicolor
(Ferguson); 3 - Phytomia (Dollchomerus) crassus (Fabricius); 4 - Syritta piplens (Linnaeus); 5 - Azpeytia sp.; 6 -
Myolepta difformis (StrobI); 7 - Mallota (Tigridemyia) curvigaster Macquart; 8 - Erlstallnus (Merodonoldes) fascia-
tus (Macquart).
Plate 169
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, ...
Figures 1-8. Syrphidae habitus, dorsal and lateral view. 1-2 - Asiobaccha b/co/or Austen; 3-4 - Dideoides coquilletti
(Goot); 5-6 - Giluwea flavomaculata Vockeroth; 7-8 - Austrophilus terraereginae (Ferguson).
Plate 170
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, ...
Figures 1-8. Syrphidae habitus, dorsal and lateral view. 1-2 - Axona chalcopyga (Wiedennann); 3-4 - Azpeytia sp.
5-6 - Chalcosyrphus (Neploneura) victoriensis Ferguson; 7-8 - Dissoptera heterothrix (Meijere).
Plate 171
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, ...
Figures 1-8. Syrphidae habitus, dorsal and lateral view. 1-2 - Keda conclusa (Walker); 3-4 - Matsumyia jesoensis
( Matsu nnura); 5-6 - Nepenthosyrphus sp.; 7-8 - Paratropidia mu/t/co/or (Ferguson).
Plate 172
Thompson, F.C., Mengual, X., Young, A.D. & Skevingston, J.H.: Flower flies of Philippines, Solonnon Islands, ...
f
I
I
Figures 1-10. Syrphidae wings, dorsal view. 1 - Austrophilus terraereginae (Ferguson); 2 - Ceriana (Ceriana) ab-
breviata Loew; 3 - Microdon (Chymophila) fulgens (Wiedennann); 4 - Dissoptera heterothrix (Meijere); 5 - Eumerus
argentipes Walker; 6 - Giluwea flavomaculata Vockeroth; 7 - Graptomyza brevirostris Wiedennann; 8 - Ornidia
obesa (Fabricius); 9 - Psilota sp.; 10 - Dideopsis aegrota (Fabricius).
Published by Entomological Society of Latvia
in partnership with the NABU
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