BIODIVERSITY JOURNAL

2014,5 (3): 375-444

Quaternly scientific journal

edited by Edizioni Danaus,

viaV. Di Marco 43, 90143 Palermo, Italy

www.biodiversityjournal.com

biodiversityjournal@gmail.com

Official authorization no. 40 (28.12.2010)

ISSN 2039-0394 (Print Edition)

ISSN 2039-0408 (Online Edition)

Cossyphus moniliferus Chevrolat, 1833.

Italy, Sicily, Selinunte, under stones.

Probations anthrax (Seidlitz, 1896). Italy,

Sicily, Ficuzza woods, under barks of trees.

The family of Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera). Over 20,000 species belonging to the

family Tenebrionidae are part of the fauna of our Planet. They are present in all continents except the

areas permanently covered by ice. For Europe, the most abundant faunas arc found in the Iberian

peninsula and the Balkans, but also the fauna of Italy includes numerous species and subspecies, even

endemic, mostly occurring in Sardinia and Sicily. Tenebrionidae arc extremely variable in size and

shape, adapted to almost all terrestrial environments. There are species large and massive, as many

Blaps Fabriclus, 1775 or Pimelia Fabricius, 1775, but also small and delicate, as Ammogiton

Peyerimhoff, 1919, Eutagenia Reitter, 1 886 and most Alleculini; there are omnivores and herbivores

specialized, for example fungivores as Bolithophagus Illiger, 1 798 and Eledona Latreille, 1 796. Many

species are related to forest ( Allardius Ragusa, 1898, Helops Fabricius, 1775) or arid coastal

environments {Ammobius Guerin-Meneville, 1844, Xanthomas Mulsant, 1854, ...) and can be found

even in the deserts (Prionotheca Solier, 1836, Mesostena Eschscholtz, 1831, Adesmia Fischer de

Waldheim, 1822, ...). Other Tenebrionidae live in the mountains at high altitudes, as some Pedinus

Latreille, 1 796 and Heliopathes Dejean, 1 834, or take refuge in rotting trunks ( Iphthiminus Spilman,

1973) or shallow caves (Elenophorits Dejean, 1821). Some species arc myraiecophilous or

anthropophilic, or still parasites of food, through which, taking advantage of humans businesses,

spread throughout the world since very ancient times. Very interesting are the environmental

adaptations of many species, especially those living in extreme environments, such as the hottest

deserts of Africa, Australia or America. They overcome the risk of dehydration, not only limiting their

activities to the twilight hours or at night, but also digging underground shelters (Pimeliini and

Tcntyriini), or progressing high on their legs alternating them rapidly on the hot ground ( Onymacris

Allard, 1885, Zophosis Latreille, 1802, ...), or by a small protective vesciele filled with air, located

under the elythra (Eleodes Eschscholtz, 1829). A few Tenebrionidae are good fliers, as Lagria

Fabricius, 1 775, and all Alleculinae, but all the others are usually lacking, even in part, of functional

wings, or show fused elytra, so their movements are very limited, or by passive transport. For this

reason, Tenebrionidae are excellent biogeographical indicators. In Sicily, where there is about 50% of

the taxa reported for Italy, 1 could see how the distribution of the Eastern Palaearctic, Afro-

Mediterranean, European and Western Mediterranean species, exactly overlaps the tracks of human

migrations which, over the centuries, often by successive waves, have affected the island where they

fused in today's society that has strong trends of multicultural tolerance.

Vittorio Aliquo. Via Umberto Giordano 234, 90 144 Palermo, Italy; e-mail: vitaliq@tin.it

Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 377-386

Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest

Range, Southern Western Ghats, India

Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran

Floristic and Taxonomic Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046,

Tamil Nadu, India

* Corresponding author, e-mail: arajendran22@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT The present study deals with the implication of invasive plant species on the diversity of Bolu-

vampatti forest range in Southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. A total number of 90

invasive alien species under 74 genera belonging to 37 families have been recorded based on

field exploration and literature consultations. Among these, 53 species are being used by local

inhabitants who reside in this forest range for medicinal purposes. Thirteen species have been

introduced intentionally, while the remaining species established unintentionally through

trade. The present study shows that a better planning is needed for early detection to control

and reporting of infestations of spread of naturalized species to be scrutinized.

KEY WORDS Ecosystem; field survey; invasive plants; natural habitat; diversity.

Received 22.04.2014; accepted 14.06.2014; printed 30.09.2014

INTRODUCTION

Understanding the diversity of nature in various

forms is a fundamental goal of ecological research

(Lubchenco et al., 1991). Apart from the immense

economic, ethical and aesthetical benefits, it is es-

sential for the ecosystem function and stability

(Ehrlich & Wilson, 1991; Holdgate, 1996; Tilman,

2000). It has also attracted world attention because

of the growing awareness of its importance on the

one hand and the anticipated massive depletion on

the other (Singh, 2002). Biodiversity hotspots

around the world contain high degree of endemism

and are undergoing exceptional loss of habitats

(Myers et al., 2000). Moreover, plant diversity

around the world is facing various threats and is re-

ducing very rapidly (Dogra et al., 2009).

The invasive species are widely distributed

among all categories of living organisms as well as

all kinds of ecosystems throughout the world. The

invasion of alien plant species in the new regimes

became a second highest threat to plant diversity

after the habitat loss (Hobbs & Humphries, 1995).

The spread of species beyond their natural habitats

has always played a key role in the dynamics of bio-

diversity, but the present rate of species exchange

is unprecedented and has become one of the most

intensively studied fields in ecology. Invasive

species may displace or otherwise adversely affect

native plant species. These species often produce

prolific seeds that may disperse widely and remain

viable in the soil for long periods of time (Drake et

al., 2003).

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of

Nature and Natural Resources) defines Invasive

Species as an alien species which becomes estab-

lished in natural or semi-natural ecosystems or habi-

tat, an agent of change and threatens native

378

Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran

biological diversity. A taxon can be considered suc-

cessfully naturalized after overcoming geographi-

cal, environmental and reproduction barriers, while

an invasive species requires, in addition, to over-

come dispersal barrier within the new region

(Richardson et al., 2000). They are noxious and

cause negative impact in environment, ecosystems,

habitats, native biodiversity, economics and even

human health (Khanna, 2009).

Introduction of these species may occur acciden-

tally or through their being imported for a limited

purpose and subsequently escaping or deliberately

on a large scale (Levine, 1989). Many of these

species have allelopathic potential and possess high

tolerance to different abiotic conditions (Huang et

al., 2009). Many people introduce non-native

species into new habitats for economic reasons

(McNeely, 2001) and most cases of invasive species

can be linked to the intended or unintended conse-

quences of economic activities (Perrings et al.,

2002). The differences between native and exotic

plant species in their requirements and modes of

resource acquisition and consumption may cause a

change in soil structure, its profile, decomposition,

nutrient content of soil, moisture availability (Walck

et al., 1999; Vila & Weiner, 2004).

The biotic invaders tend to establish a new range

in which they proliferate, spread and persist to the

detriment of the environment (Mack et al., 2000).

Invasive species has faster rates of growth and

biomass production compared to native species, hi-

gher competitive ability, high reproductive efficiency

including production of a large number of seeds,

efficient dispersal, vegetative reproduction, rapid

establishment and other traits that help them adapt to

new habitats (Simberloff et al., 2005; Sharma et al.,

2005). Despite the recent recognition of the impacts

caused by invasive plants worldwide (Mooney &

Hobbs, 2000), there are still many regions in the

world where basic information on naturalized plant

taxa and plant invasions is only anecdotal or com-

pletely lacking like Asia and neighbouring regions

(Corlett, 1988; Enmoto, 1999; Meyer, 2000).

In India, comprehensive studies on invasive

species and plant invasions are still missing except

a few studies (Reddy, 2008; Khanna, 2009; Singh

et al., 2010; Chandra Sekar, 2012; Chandra Sekar

et al., 2012). A large number of exotics are natu-

ralized, affecting the distribution of native flora and

a few among them have conspicuously altered veg-

etation patterns of the country. There is an apparent

need for a regional and national authentic database

on invasive alien species for monitoring their

spread and impact in various regions and for devis-

ing appropriate management strategies. In view of

these facts, the present study was conducted to ex-

amin the implication of invasive plant species on

the diversity of Boluvampatti forest range in South-

ern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study area

The study area (Boluvampatti forest) is situated

about 30 km west of Coimbatore city and is a con-

tinuation of the Western Ghats lying North of Pal-

ghat Gap and to the South-east of the Nilgiris (Fig.

1). The area comes under the Boluvampatti range

of Coimbatore forest division which includes the

villages of Irrutupallam, Sadivayal, Semmedu and

Siruvani. It lies between 10° 56' and 10° 58' N lat-

itude and 76° 42' and 76° 44' E longitude. The ele-

vation of this area is between 625 and 650 m asl

(Subramanian, 1959). The rock formation is of Ar-

chaean age and consists of principally gneiss and

its metamorphic variations. The gneiss foliated and

is composed of quartz, feldspar and biotite (black

mica) with an occasional admixture of garnet. The

soil is reddish with irregular galleries filled with

yellow clay running through and it has the property

of hardening on to the air (Subramanian, 1966).

The climate is cool and pleasant for the major

part of the year except during the months of March

to May when it is hot and dry. The difference in

elevation between the plains and the hilly areas

makes appreciable variations in climatic con-

ditions. The temperature ranges from 21°C to 38°C

and the mean annual humidity is 51%. The vege-

tation of this area includes scrub jungle, moist

deciduous and sub-tropical evergreen forests.

These forests are subjected to extreme biotic

influences and extensive areas near Sadivayal and

Siruvani settling tank are planted with Eucalyptus,

teak, bombax, etc. The natural regeneration of trees

in these forests is very poor. Perhaps this may be

due to excessive grazing and other biotic influences.

There is a profound invasion of many non-native

species on biodiversity of this area.

Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, India

379

Figure 1. Location of Boluvampatti forests in Coimbatore

district of Tamil Nadu, India.

Floristic study

The present study was conducted during 2010-

2012 to compile a comprehensive list of invasive

alien plant species. Intensive field studies were con-

ducted in a planned manner repeatedly in different

seasons in order to document maximum represen-

tation of invasive plant species. During the repeated

field visits, the observations on field characters such

as habit, habitat, spread, important species traits as-

sociated with invasiveness were made. Almost the

entire forest area was surveyed in order to know the

impact of invasiveness on native vegetation in the

study area.

During the course of study, the invasive plant

species were collected in their natural habitats and

filed numbers were assigned to each species. All the

collected plant species were identified with the help

of regional floras (Gamble & Fischer, 1915-1936;

Matthew, 1983; Nair & Henry, 1983; Henry et

al., 1987; Chandrabose &Nair, 1988). Plant species

collected were dried and herbarium specimens were

prepared by using standard methods as suggested

by Jain & Rao (1976). The voucher specimens were

deposited in the Herbarium of Department of

Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil

Nadu for future reference.

The nativity of the invasive plants has been

recorded from the published literature (Chatterji,

1947; Maheswari, 1960; Srivastava, 1964; Matthew,

1969; Maheswari & Paul, 1975; Nayar, 1977;

Hajra & Das, 1982; Sharma, 1984; Saxena, 1991;

Pandey & Parmer, 1994; Reddy & Raju, 2002;

Negi & Hajra, 2007). The modes of introduction of

these species were documented from the published

literature and categorized according to their eco-

nomic uses as food, fodder, medicinal and orna-

mental. Plants were also categorized by life form

i.e., herb, shrub, climber and tree. Literature and

local people were consulted for use value or an-

thropogenic use, if any.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The present study was undertaken to identify the

diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti

forest range, the Southern Western Ghats of Tamil

Nadu. A total number of 90 alien plants from 37

families belonging to 74 genera were documented

from the study region. They are listed alphabetically

in tabular form, followed by author’s abbreviation,

name of the family, nativity, life form, habitat, uses

and voucher specimen number (Table 1). Among

these the dicotyledons are represented by 32 fami-

lies, 67 genera and 83 species; monocotyledons by

5 families, 7 genera and 7 species. All the species

listed in this study were also reported as weeds in

other countries or as invasive alien plants in most

of the regions, and are included in the Global Com-

pendium Weeds (Randall, 2002).

Out of 90 species, only 13 namely Ageratum

conyzoides, Amaranthus spinosus, Asclepias

curassavica, Cassia alata, Catharanthus roseus,

Celosia argentea, Chenopodium ambrosioides,

Ipomoea eriocarpa , Lantana camara , Mirabilis

jalapa, Passiflora foetida , Portulaca oleracea and

Solarium nigrum seem to have been introduced de-

liberately and the rest of them unintentionally

through trade exchange including grain import.

Further, it has been observed that few species like

Parthenium hysterophorus, Lantana camara ,

380

Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran

Eupatoriwn odoratum, Prosopis juliflora and Agera-

tum conyzoides are highly invasive and have in-

vaded on the fringes of forests as well as inside the

reserved forests.

On the basis of the nativity of the species, a

total of 17 different geographical regions were

recorded in the present study. In that, about 72%

are contributed by five major geographical regions

viz., Tropical America (59%), Tropical Africa

(15%), Australia (3%), Europe (4%) and South

America (13%) (Fig. 2). It is interesting to note

that, most of the invasive species in the study re-

gion owe their origin to tropical regions i.e., Amer-

ica (72%), Africa (14%) and Europe (3%). The

remaining 28% species were collectively contrib-

uted by nine regions.

Habit wise analysis showed that herbs with 70

species (78%) predominate, followed by shrubs (10

species, 11%), climbers (5 species, 6%) and trees

(5 species, 5%). Annual plants comprise about 52%

of the invasive species and the remaining are peren-

nials. In terms of number of species, Asteraceae

were found to be the most dominant family with

1 5 species among the reported invasive species fol-

lowed by Amaranthaceae (6 sp.), Convolvulaceae

(5 sp.), Caesalpiniaceae and Solanaceae (4 sp.

each), Asclepiadaceae, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae,

Malvaceae and Lamiaceae (3 sp. each). The genera

with the highest number of invasive species in the

study area are Cassia and Ipomoea (4 sp. each),

Cleome, Corchorus (3 sp. each), Alternanthera ,

Blumea, Calotropis, Euphorbia , Solatium and

Tribulus (2 sp. each).

Invasive alien plant species are used for a va-

riety of functional and aesthetic purposes. Many

people who seek to introduce a non-native species

into a new habitat do so for an economic reason

(McNeely, 2001) and most cases of invasiveness

can thus be linked to the intended or unintended

consequences of economic activities (Perrings et

al., 2002). Commercial use of invasive alien plant

species can contribute in uplifting the economic

status of poor rural communities (Semenya et al.,

2012). For example, Lantana camara is being

used for basket-making and some other purposes.

A search in literature and consultation with local

people indicated that several of the invasive

species are also used for different purposes for

example, the stem of Malvastnim coromandelianum ,

Sesbania bispinosa and Sida acuta for fibre and

Figure 2. Contribution of different geographical areas

to invasive species in the study.

Boras sus flabellifev for making hand-held fans

(Sekar et al., 2012).

Thirteen invasive species are under considera-

tion for medicinal purposes (Table 2). Several of

these are used for adulteration: for example, mus-

tard oil is adulterated with extract from seeds of

Argemone mexicana. Moreover, some of the species

i.e. Parthenium hysterophorus, Lantana camara

and Prosopis juliflora have high allelopathic poten-

tial and are harmful to natural plant population.

These invasive alien species are ready colonizers in

disturbed areas and cause considerable ecological

damages to natural areas.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study have shown

that most of the exotic plant species currently

spreading were intentionally introduced. They

have not only disturbed the environment and ecosys-

tem but have also threatened the indigenous flora,

as a number of plants are getting rare. There is

every possibility that if the invasion of alien

species will continue to operate unchecked, the en-

demic species may get extinct and the germplasm

of economic plants may become rare or even be

exterminated. Therefore, it is very important to

make an effective database for the management of

invasive species, and improve the knowledge

about their diversity, life form, habitat and uses for

further studies.

Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, India

381

Name of the species

Family

No.

Nativity

Life form

Habit

Uses

Acacia dealbata Link.

Mimosaceae

1127

Australia

Tree

Perennial

Fuel wood

A canth o sperm um h ispid um

DC.

Asteraceae

1134

Brazil

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Ageratum conyzoides L.

Asteraceae

1135

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Alternanthera pungens Humb.

Amaranthaceae

1174

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Alternanthera sessilis (L.)

DC.

Amaranthaceae

1175

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal,

Fodder

Amaranthus spinosus L.

Amaranthaceae

1176

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal,

Fodder

Argemone mexicana L.

Papaveraceae

1101

South America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Asclepias curassavica L.

Asclepiadaceae

1150

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Bidens pilosa L.

Asteraceae

1136

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal,

Fodder

Blumea eriantha DC.

Asteraceae

1137

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Fodder

Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC.

Asteraceae

1138

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Borassus flabellifer L.

Arecaceae

1185

Tropical Africa

Tree

Perennial

Fruit edible

Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br.

Asclepiadaceae

1151

Tropical Africa

Shrub

Perennial

Medicinal

Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.

Asclepiadaceae

1152

Tropical Africa

Shrub

Perennial

Medicinal

Cassia alata L.

Caesalpiniaceae

1123

South America

Shrub

Perennial

Medicinal

Cassia obtusifolia L.

Caesalpiniaceae

1124

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Cassia occidentalis L.

Caesalpiniaceae

1125

South America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Cassia tor a L.

Caesalpiniaceae

1126

South America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Catharanthus roseus L.

Apocynaceae

1149

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

Chenopodiaceae

1180

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Fodder

Chloris barbata (L.) Sw.

Poaceae

1188

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Fodder

Chromolaena odorata L.

Asteraceae

1139

Tropical America

Shrub

Perennial

Medicinal

Cleome viscosa L.

Cleomaceae

1104

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Cleome gymandra L.

Cleomaceae

1102

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Cleome monophylla L.

Cleomaceae

1103

Tropical Africa

Herb

Annual

Fodder

Corchorus aestuans L.

Tiliaceae

1110

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Corchorus tridens L.

Tiliaceae

1111

Tropical Africa

Herb

Annual

Fibre, Fodder

Corchorus trilocularis L.

Tiliaceae

1112

Tropical Africa

Herb

Annual

Fibre

Cro talari a retusa L.

Fabaceae

1119

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Fodder,

Ornamental

Croton bonplandianum Baill.

Euphorbiaceae

1181

South America

Herb

Perennial

Fodder

Table 1. List of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forests, Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India.

382

Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran

Name of the species

Family

S. No.

Nativity

Life form

Habit

Uses

Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.

Cusutaceae

1158

Mediterranean

Climber

Annual

Medicinal

Croton bonplandianum Baill.

Euphorbiaceae

1181

South America

Herb

Perennial

Fodder

Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.

Cusutaceae

1158

Mediterranean

Climber

Annual

Medicinal

Cyperus difformis L.

Cyperaceae

1187

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Fodder

Datura metel L.

Solanaceae

1159

Tropical America

Shrub

Perennial

Medicinal

Digera muricata (L.) Mart.

Amaranthaceae

1178

South West Asia

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Echinochloa colona (L.) Link.

Poaceae

1189

South America

Herb

Annual

Fodder

Echinops echinatus Roxb.

Asteraceae

1140

Afghanistan

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Eclipta prostrata (L.) Mant.

Asteraceae

1141

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal,

Ornamental

Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.

Asteraceae

1142

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Euphorbia cyathophora

Murray

Euphorbiaceae

1182

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Ornamental

Euphorbia hirta L.

Euphorbiaceae

1183

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Evolvulus nummularis L.

Convolvulaceae

1153

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Fodder

Gomphrena s errata L.

Amaranthaceae

1179

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Fodder

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.

Lamiaceae

1170

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Indigofera trita L.

Fabaceae

1120

Tropical Africa

Shrub

Perennial

Fodder

Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br.

Convolvulaceae

1154

Tropical Africa

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Ipomoea obscura (L.)

Ker.-Gawal.

Convolvulaceae

1155

Tropical Africa

Climber

Perennial

Medicinal

Ipomoea pes-tigridis L.

Convolvulaceae

1156

Tropical Africa

Climber

Annual

Medicinal

Ipomoea staphylina Roem.

et Schult.

Convolvulaceae

1157

Tropical Africa

Climber

Annual

Fodder

Lantana camara L.

Verbenaceae

1168

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal,

Ornamental

Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.) R.Br.

Lamiaceae

1171

Tropical Africa

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Malvastrum coromandelia-

num (L.) Garcke

Malvaceae

1106

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal,

Fibre

Martynia annua L.

Pedaliaceae

1164

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Melia azedarach L.

Meliaceae

1117

India

Tree

Perennial

Medicinal

Mikania micrantha Kunth.

Asteraceae

1143

Tropical America

Climber

Annual

Medicinal

Mimosa pudica L.

Mimosaceae

1128

Brazil

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Mirabilis jalapa L.

Nyctaginaceae

1173

Peru

Herb

Annual

Ornamental

Ocimum americanum L.

Lamiaceae

1172

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Ornamental

Opuntia stricta Haw.

Cactaceae

1132

Tropical America

Shrub

Perennial

Fruits edible

Table 1. List of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forests, Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India.

Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, India

383

Name of the species

Family

S. No.

Nativity

Life form

Habit

Uses

Oxalis corniculata L.

Oxalidaceae

1116

Europe

Herb

Perennial

Vegetable

Parthenium hysterophorus L.

Asteraceae

1144

North America

Herb

Annual

Fodder

Passiflora foetida L.

Passifloraceae

1131

South America

Climber

Perennial

Medicinal

Pedalium murex L.

Pedaliaceae

1165

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Peristrophe paniculata

(Forssk.) Brummit

Acanthaceae

1166

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Physalis minima L.

Solanaceae

1160

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Pile a microphylla (L.)

Liebm.

Urticaceae

1184

South America

Herb

Annual

Vegetable,

Ornamental

Portulaca oleracea L.

Portulacaceae

1105

South America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal,

Vegetable

Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.

Mimosaceae

1129

Mexico

Tree

Perennial

Fuel wood

Ruellia tuberosa L.

Acanthaceae

1167

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Ornamental

Scoparia dulcis L.

Scrophulariaceae

1163

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.)

Wight.

Fabaceae

1121

Tropical America

Shrub

Annual

Fibre,

Vegetable

Sida acuta Burm. f.

Malvaceae

1107

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal,

Fibre

Solanum nigrum L.

Solanaceae

1161

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal,

Edible

Solanum torvum Sw.

Solanaceae

1162

Tropical America

Shrub

Perennial

Medicinal

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill

Asteraceae

1145

Mediterranean

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

Solanaceae

1190

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Fodder

Spermacoce hispida L.

Rubiaceae

1133

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr.

Asteraceae

1146

South America

Herb

Annual

Fodder

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

Verbenaceae

1169

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Stylosanthes hamata L.

Febaceae

1122

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Fodder

Synedrella nodiflora (L.)

Gaertn.

Asteraceae

1147

West Indies

Herb

Annual

Ornamental

Tribulus lanuginosus L.

Zygophyllaceae

1114

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Tribulus terrestris L.

Zygophyllaceae

1115

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Tridax procumbens L.

Asteraceae

1148

Central America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.

Tiliaceae

1113

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Medicinal

Turnera ulimifola L.

Tumeraseae

1130

Tropical America

Herb

Annual

Ornamental

Typha angustata Bory et

Chaup.

Typhaceae

1186

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Ornamental

Urena lobata L.

Malvaceae

1108

Tropical Africa

Shrub

Perennial

Fibre

Waltheria americana L.

Sterculiaceae

1109

Tropical America

Herb

Perennial

Medicinal

Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.

Rhamnaceae

1118

Australia

Tree

Perennial

Fruits edible

Table 1. List of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forests, Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India.

384

Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran

S.No.

Name of the plant

Part(s) used

Medicinal uses

Ageratum conyzoides L.

Leaves

Leaf-juice used in healing the wounds, sores

and skin diseases.

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br.

Whole plant

Plants used in snake-bite.

Amaranthus spinosus L.

Whole plant

Plants used in snalce-bites, bowel and kidney

complaints.

Argemone mexicana L.

Whole plant

Roots used in scorpion sting.

Asclepias curassavica L.

Leaves and roots

Roots used in curing piles. Leaf juice used for

hemorrhages.

Bidens pilosa L.

Flower

Dried flowers buds used in toothache.

Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br.

Latex

Latex used as disinfectant to wounds.

Cassia tora L.

Leaves and seeds

Leaves and seeds used as skin diseases.

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.

Root

The roots are great commercial value in medi-

10.

Celosia argentea L.

Seeds

Seeds used in blood disease and mouth sores.

11.

Cleome gynandra L.

Whole plant

Plants used in scorpion-sting and snake-bite.

12.

Digera muricata (L.) Mart.

Flowers and seeds

Flowers and seeds used in urinary troubles.

13.

Eclipta prostrata L.

Root

Roots used as antiseptic to ulcers and wounds

in cattle.

14.

Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.

Leaves

Leaf-juice used in curing wounds and sore ears.

15.

Euphorbia hirta L.

Whole plant

Plants used in bowel complaints for children.

16.

Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br.

Whole plant

Plants used in the treatment of rheumatism and

headache

17.

Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl.

Leaves

Leaves used in the treatment of ulcers.

18.

Ipomoea pes-tigridis L.

Leaves

Leaves used as an antidote to dog-bite; also

used in boils.

19.

Martynia arnrnva L.

Leaves

Leaves used in epilepsy.

20.

Melia azedarach L.

Leaves and seeds

Leaves used as anthelmintic; seeds used in

rheumatism.

21.

Mimosa pudica L.

Root

Roots used in asthma, dysentery, etc.

22.

Ocimum americanum L.

Whole plant

Plants used in fever.

23.

Oxalis corniculata L.

Leaves

Leaves used in fever.

24.

Passiflora foetida L.

Leaves

Leaves used in headache.

25.

Pedalium murex L.

Leaves and fruits

Leaves used in gonorrhoea; fruits used in sper-

matorrhoea.

26.

Physalis minima L.

Leaves

Leaf juice used in earache.

27.

Scoparia dulcis L.

Whole plant

Plants used in toothache.

28.

Solatium nigrum L.

Leaves

Leaf-juice used in chronic enlargement of the

liver and dysentery.

29.

Spilanthes acmella (L.) DC.

Leaves

Leaves used to treat toothache and skin diseases.

30.

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

(L.) Vahl.

Whole plant

Plants used in fever, rheumatism and dysentery.

Table 2. List of medicinally useful invasive species in the study.

Diversity of invasive plant species in Boluvampatti forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, India

385

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Authors are thankful to University Grants Com-

mission (UGC), New Delhi for providing financial

assistance (F. No. 39-422/2010 (SR) dated 7th

January 2011) for the study. We are admiring the

help provided by Botanical Survey of India, South-

ern Circle (Coimbatore) in identification of various

plant species. Thanks are also due to Professor and

Head, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University,

Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu for providing necessary

facilities and encouragement.

REFERENCES

Chandra Sekar K., 2012. Invasive alien plants of Indian

Himalayan Region - Diversity and Implication. Ameri-

can Journal of Plant Science, 3: 177-184.

Chandra Sekar K., Manikandan R. & Srivastava S.K.,

2012. Invasive alien plants of Uttarakhand, Hi-

malaya. Proceedings of Natural Academic Sciences

of India, doi 10. 1007/s40011-012-0040-2.

Chandrabose M. & Nair N.C., 1988. Flora of Coimba-

tore. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.

Chatterji D., 1947. Influence of east Mediterranean re-

gions flora on that of India. Science Culture, 13: 9—

11 .

Corlett R.T., 1988. The naturalized flora of Singapore.

Journal of Biogeography, 15: 657-663.

Dogra K.S., Kohli R.K. & Sood S.K., 2009. An assess-

ment and impact of three invasive species in the

Shivalik hills of Himachal Pradesh, India. International

Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 1: 4-10.

Drake S.J., Weltzin J.F. & Parr P., 2003. Assessment of

non-native invasive plant species on the United States

Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Environ-

mental Research, Australia. Castanea, 68: 15-30.

Ehrlich P.R. & Wilson E.O., 1991. Biodiversity studies:

Science and Policy. Science, 253: 758-762.

Enmotto T., 1999. Naturalized weeds from foreign coun-

tries into Japan. In: Yano E., Matsuo M., Shiyomi M.

& Andow.D.A. (Eds.). Biological invasion of ecosys-

tem by pests and beneficial organisms. National In-

stitute of Agro-Environmental Science, Tsukuba, pp.

1-14.

Gamble J.S. & Fischer C.E.C., 1915-1936. Flora of

Presidency of Madras. Vols. 1-3. Reprint ed. 1957.

Adlard & Sons Ltd., London.

Hajra P.K. & Das B.K., 1982. Vegetation of Gangtok

with special reference to alien plants. Indian Forum,

107: 554-566.

Henry A.N., Kumari G.R. & Chitra V., 1987. Flora of

Tamil Nadu, India. Series I (Analysis): Vols. II-III.

Botanical survey of India, Southern Circle, Coimbat-

ore, Tamil Nadu.

Hobbs R.J. & Humphries S.E., 1995. An integrated

approach to the ecology and management of plant

invasions. Conservational Biology, 9: 761-770.

Holdgate M., 1996. The ecological significance of bio-

logical diversity. Ambio, 25: 409-416.

Huang Q.Q., Wu J.M., Bai Y.Y., Zhou L. & Wang G.X.,

2009. Identifying the most noxious invasive plants in

China: role of geographical origin, life form and

means of introduction. Biodiversity Conservation,

18: 305-316.

Jain S.K. & Rao R.R., 1976. A handbook of field and

herbarium methods. Today & Tomorrow Publishers,

New Delhi.

Khanna K.K., 2009. Invasive alien angiosperms of Uttar

Pradesh. Biological Forum - An International Journal,

1: 41-46.

Levine S.A., 1989. Analysis of risk for invasions and

control program. In: Drake J. A., Mooney H.A., Di

Castri F., Grooves R.H., Druger F.J., Rejmanek M. &

Williamson M. (Eds.). Biological invasion: A Global

Perspective. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 425-

435.

Lubchenco J., Olson A.M., Brubaker L.B., Carpenter

S.R., Holland M.M., Hubbell S.P., Levin S.A.,

Macmahon J.A., Matson P.A., Melillo J.M., Mooney

H.A., Peterson C.H., Pulliam H.R., Real L.A., Regal

P.J. & Risser, P.G., 1991. The sustainable biosphere

initiative: an ecological research agenda. Ecology,

72: 371-412.

Mack R.N., Simberloff D., Lonsdale W.M., Evans H.,

Clout M. & Bazzaz F.A., 2000. Biotic invasions:

causes, epidemiology, global consequences and con-

trol. Ecological Applications, 10: 689-710.

Maheswari J.K. & Paul S.R., 1975. The alien flora of

Ranchi. Journal of Bombay Natural Historical

Society, 72: 158-188.

Maheswari J.K., 1960. Studies on the naturalized flora

of India. In: Maheshwari, P., Johri B.M. & Vasil I.K.

(Eds.). Proceedings of the Summer School of Botany,

pp. 156-170.

Matthew K.M., 1969. Alien flora of Kodai Kanal and

Palni Hills. Recordings of the Botanical Survey of

India, 20: 1-241.

Matthew K.M., 1983. The flora of Tamilnadu Carnatic.

The Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu,

India.

McNeely J.A., 2001. An introduction to human dimen-

sions of invasive alien species. ISSG, IUCN.

Meyer J.Y., 2000. Preliminary review of the invasive

plants in the Pacific islands. In: Shreley G. (Ed.).

Invasive species in the Pacific: a technical review and

draft regional strategy. South Pacific Regional Envi-

ronmental Programme, Samoa, pp. 85-114.

386

Veerasamy Aravindhan &Arumugam Rajendran

Mooney H.A. & Hobbs R.J., 2000. The exotic flora

of Rajasthan. Journal of Economic & Taxonomic

Botany, 18: 105-121.

Myers N., Mittermeier R.A., Mittermeier C.G., Da Fon-

seca G.A. & Kent J., 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for

conservation priorities. Nature, 403: 853-858.

Nair M.R & Henry A.N., 1983. Flora of Tamil Nadu,

India. Series I (Analysis): Vol. I. Botanical survey of

India, Southern Circle, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.

Nayar M.R, 1977. Changing patterns of the Indian flora.

Bulletin Botanical Survey of India, 19: 145-154.

Negi P.S. & Hajra P.K., 2007. Alien flora of Doon Valley,

North West Himalaya. Current Science, 92: 968-978.

Pandey R.P. & Parmer P.J., 1994. The exotic flora of

Rajasthan. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic

Botany, 18: 105-135.

Perrings C., Williamson M., Barbier E.B., Delfino D.,

Dalmazzone S., Shogren J., Simmons P. & Watkinson

A., 2002. Biological invasion risks and the public

good: an economic perspective. Conservational Ecol-

ogy, 6: 1.

Randall R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds.

Shannon Books, Australia.

Reddy C.S. & Raju V.S., 2002. Additions to the weed

flora of Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Economic

& Taxonomic Botany, 26: 195-208.

Reddy C.S. 2008. Catalogue of invasive alien flora of

India. Life Science Journal, 5: 84-89.

Richardson D.M., Pysek R, Rejmanek M., Barbour M.G.,

Panetta F.D. & West C.J., 2000. Naturalization and

invasion of alien plants: Concepts and definitions.

Diversity and Distribution, 6: 93-107.

Saxena K.G., 1991. Biological invasion in the Indian

sub-continent: Review of invasion by plants. In:

Ramakrishnan P.S. (Ed.). Ecology of Biological In-

vasion in the Tropics. International Scientific Publi-

cations, New Delhi, pp. 53-73.

Semenya S., Milingoni P.T. & Martin T.P., 2012. Invasive

alien plant species: a case study of their use in the

Thulamela local municipality, Limpopo Province,

South Africa. Scientific Research Essays, 7: 2363-

2369.

SharmaB.D., 1984. Exotic flora of Allahabad. Botanical

Survey of India, Dehra Dun.

Sharma G.P., Singh J.S. & Raghubanshi A.S., 2005. Plant

invasions: emerging trends and future implications.

Current Science, 88: 726-734.

Simberloff D., Parker I.M. & Windle P.M., 2005. Intro-

duced species policy, management and future impli-

cations. Current Science, 88: 726-734.

Singh J.S., 2002. The biodiversity crisis: a multifaceted

review. Current Science, 82: 638-647.

Singh K.P., Shukla A.N. & Singh J.S., 2010. State-level

inventory of invasive alien plants, their source regions

and use potential. Current Science, 90: 107-114.

Srivastava J.D., 1964. Some tropical American and

African weeds that have invaded the state of Bihar.

Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 43: 102-112.

Subramanian K.N., 1959. Observations on the Flora of

Boluvampatti forests, Coimbatore Taluk. Bulletin

Botanical Survey of India, 1: 127-137.

Subramanian K.N., 1996. Further contributions to the

flora of Boluvampatti Valley forests, Coimbatore

District, Madras State. Indian Forester, 92: 39-50.

Tilman D., 2000. Causes, consequences and ethics of

biodiversity. Nature, 405: 208-211.

Vila M. & Weiner J., 2004. Are invasive plant species bet-

ter competitors than native plant species? Evidence

from pair-wise experiments. Oikos, 105: 229-238.

Walck J.L., Baskin J.M. & Baskin C.C., 1999. Effects

of competition from introduced plants on estab-

lishment, survival, growth and reproduction of the

rare plant Solidago shortii (Asteraceae). Biological

Conservation, 88: 213-219.

Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 387-390

Measuring species diversity for conservation biology: incorpo

rating social and ecological importance of species

Dexter S. Ontoy & Roberto N. Padua

Cebu Normal University, Osmena Boulevard, Cebu City, Philippines

‘Corresponding author, email: dexter_s_ontoy@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT A new Importance-Diversity Index is proposed as an enhancement to the traditional Shannon

diversity index. The proposed index incorporates an importance weight to each species of

organisms found in an ecosystem. The importance weights are derived from four (4) main

domains deemed important in conservation biology, namely: (1) species endemicity, (2) eco-

nomic utility, (3) functional role in the ecosystem, and (4) risk status of the species (threatened

or endangered). Scenario simulations show that the new index aids in conservation decisions

particularly in cases where the Shannon’s indices of the ecosystems are equal or near equal

or even in situations where the Shannon’s index clearly identifies a site but the relative im-

portance of the species found in other sites is heavier.

KEY WORDS Conservation biology; diversity-importance index; diversity index; Shannon Index.

Received 24.04.2014; accepted 30.05.2014; printed 30.09.2014

INTRODUCTION

Current competing uses of finite resources vis-

a-vis protection of biological diversity has forced

society to make difficult decisions in balancing

species conservation and economic development.

Given this situation, conservation biology has been

in the forefront in the protection of biological re-

sources, ecosystems and habitat against pressures

imposed by economic progress and urbanization

which often results into reduction of biological di-

versity. Furthermore, decisions with regard conser-

vation prioritizations depend on the biodiversity of

the area.

Several measures of biodiversity have been pro-

posed and used with varying applications depend-

ing on the level and scale of diversity. One of the

most commonly used measures of biodiversity is

the Shannon Index (Spellerberg & Fedor, 2003),

wherein both the species richness (i.e. number of

species) and species abundance (i.e. number of in-

dividuals within the same species) are incorporated

in the function. High Shannon Index value (highly

diverse areas) are prioritized, less diverse areas are

less prioritized or converted to other economic uses.

Such mind set is acceptable if we assume that all

species present in the area do not have additional im-

portance values. However, there are species that are

endemic (or rare), some are classified as either en-

dangered or threatened, and others play important

functions in the ecosystem (e.g. keystone species).

Duelli & Obrist (2003) identified these as among the

concordant indicators representing three value sys-

tems, namely, conservation, ecology, and biological

control. These values should be given considerations

in measuring indices for conservation biology. On

the other hand, the Shannon Index, as like most

other indices of diversity existing to date, treats

388

Dexter S. Ontoy & Roberto N. Padua

species equally and does not incorporate these “im-

portant values”. Hence, the Shannon Biodiversity

Index is not designed to detect the presence of en-

demic (or rare) species nor is it sensitive to species

that are classified as threatened or endangered. Con-

sideration for “additional values” is imperative if we

are to meaningfully protect our biological resources.

This paper proposed a new index which incorpo-

rates “importance values” in measuring diversity

index for conservation of biological resources and

habitats. It has immense policy implications particu-

larly in making sure that species that have values,

which are otherwise not being considered in other in-

dices, be given priority for protection and conservation.

The Shannon ’s Diversity Index

A popular diversity index used in Biology is the

Shannon’s Index given by:

1) #=-i*=i p i ln p i

where P t is the proportion of individuals found

in an ecosystem and R is the number of individual

types. The index, therefore, takes into a count both

abundance and richness (R) in the competition. To

maximize H, we can either increase R or make the

distribution of the individual types more even e.g.

Pj = 1/R for all i. Thus:

2) H max 2] i—i r 1 n r — 1 n R

Where H tends to infinity as R— ► oo. High val-

ues of H indicate higher biodiversity while low val-

ues of H reflect the opposite situation. As such, (1)

is often used as a criterion for determining which

of several competing ecosystems need to be pro-

tected (conserved) and which can be developed.

Ecosystems that have high biodiversity (H) are

often declared as protected areas for conservation

purposes. The general equation of diversity is often

written in the form:

i=i

The term inside the parentheses is called the

basic sum. Some popular diversity indices corre-

spond to the basic sum as calculated with different

values of q. For diversity of order one, an alterna-

tive equation is:

'D = exp (- Y p: ln p ,- ) = exp (//’)

i=i 1 1

where H' is the Shannon’s index as calculated

with natural logarithms.

Nonetheless, it is quite possible that an ecosys-

tem, say A, has lower Shannon’s index than another

ecosystem, B, yet A is the habitat of “important”

biological species endemic in it. In this case, it may

be preferable to protect A than B despite the higher

Shannon’s index of the latter than the former. An

index that incorporates the notion of “importance”

is, therefore, a necessary tool for conservation biol-

ogy-

A Model for Importance Values

In this Section, we define the notion of relative

importance (Ij) of the j th species, (j = 1,2, ..., R)

found in an ecosystem. Conservation biology liter-

ature (Hurlbert, 1971; Duelli & Obrist, 2003; Spel-

lerberg & Fedor, 2003; Jiang & Yin, 2013;) suggests

four (4) domains of relative importance, namely:

(1) Species endemicity, (2) Economic importance,

(3) Functional Role, and (4) Species risk status

(threatened or endangered).

Species endemicity refers to a situation where a

particular species of biological organism can only be

found in a particular habitat and nowhere else.

Species’ economic importance refers to the eco-

nomic utility of the species. The species’ functional

role in the ecosystem alludes to specific biological

function of the organism viz. whether or not it is a

keystone species. Finally, the risk status of the species

refers to its being a threatened or an endangered

species which necessitates protection and conservation.

The domains are assigned individual weights,

Wj, for the j th domain. A relative importance Ij score

for the j th species is obtained from:

3) Ij — + W 2 T

where:

0 < 7j < 1, 0<Wj< 1

Measuring species diversity for conservation biology: incorporating social and ecological importance of species

389

Domain

Relative Importance

1 . Species endemicity

0.50

2. Economic utility

0.20

3. Ecosystem Function

0.20

4. Risk Status

(threatened/ endangered)

0.10

Total

1.00

Table 1. A priori relative importance weights.

Prior to the survey, a relative importance table is

constructed such as typically illustrated in Table 1 .

The weights assigned to the domains reflect the

researchers’ bias and are inherently subjective.

Thus, an environmental economist would probably

assign higher weight to domain 2 while a conserva-

tionist would perhaps give greater weight to (1), (2),

(3) and (4).

A perfectly unbiased weight assignment assigns

equal score to each domain viz. 0.25.

A Diversity-Importance Index

Let there be R types of organisms (species,

genera etc.) in an ecosystem. The proportions of

each type of organisms are given by P l> P 2>- •> P R-

To each type of organisms, we assign relative im-

portance weight 1 1 , / 2 , . . ., /r. Let:

4) qj = PjJp ,j= 1,2, ... R

The equality in (4) is defined as the “basic di-

versity-importance information number (DIIN).”

Note that 0 < gy < 1 .

Further, qj incorporates both the diversity mea-

sure (Pj) and the importance measure (Ij). Using qj ,

we define the Diversity-Importance Index as:

5) DI = -J J R M qj\nqj.

or:

6) - L" , (Pj if ) 1 n (Pj if ' ) , I \j Pj - 1

Equation (6) can be written in a more symmetric

fashion as:

Since 0 < Pj < 1 , 0 < Ij < 1 , it follows that DI > 0.

Equation (7) is maximized when Pj = 1/R and Ij =

1/R for all j.

In this case, (7) becomes:

D^max = (r) h 1 n 2? [ 1 + ^ ]

and:

(j^) H — * 1 els R — ► o°, hence DI fnax — > oo.

The function (8) monotonically increases with

increasing richness R and uniformly equal impor-

tance values. That is, an ecosystem that is diverse

with equally important species composition will

have high DI values.

Scenarios and Illustrative Examples

A maximum of five (5) species (R = 5) are ob-

served in two (2) sites A and B. The purpose of the

environmental assessment is to decide on which site

to protect and which site is open for development.

Three (3) experts were asked to construct the

Relative Importance Table (RIT). The experts’

ratings were averaged out to produce the RIT as

shown in Table 2.

Domain

Weight

1 . Species endemicity

0.40

2. Economic utility

0.30

3. Ecosystem Function

0.20

4. Risk Status

0.10

Total

1.00

Table 2. Relative importance table.

Scenario 1: Equal Shannon ’s Diversity Index

In this scenario, the traditional Shannon’s Index

are equal for the two (2) sites (sites A and B) but

the Diversity-Importance Indices are different.

A specific illustrative numerical example is

given in Table 3.

390

Dexter S. Ontoy & Roberto N. Padua

Species

Pi (A)

Pi(B)

0.40

0.25

0.00

0.20

0.25

0.20

0.25

0.15

0.25

0.05

0.00

0.25

Total

1.00

DI Index

1.20871

1.13997

H Index

1.38629

Table 3. Illustrative Example for equal Shannon index.

Since the Shannon index of two sites A and B

are the same, traditional conservation principles

will not be able to decide which site to conserve and

which site to develop. However, since the Diver-

sity-Importance (DI) index of site A is greater than

that of site B in this case, this means that it makes

more sense to conserve site A. Species a which has

the highest importance value is not found in B but

is found in A. Moreover, species e which is of least

importance is absent in A but found in B.

Scenario 2: Unequal Shannon ’v Diversity Index

In this scenario, the Shannon’s indices are un-

equal for the two sites which would have led to a

decision to choose the site with greater H index for

conservation, shown in Table 4.

Species

Pi (A)

Pi(B)

0.40

0.20

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.20

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.10

0.15

0.20

Total

1.00

DI Index

1.08585

1.07449

H Index

1.20323

1.28755

Table 4. Unequal Shannon index.

The traditional conservation choice would be site

B because of its higher Shannon index (H=l .28755).

However, species a which has the highest impor-

tance value is found in greater abundance in site A

than in site B. For this reason, it makes more prac-

tical sense to protect site A than site B as evidenced

by the higher DI value of DI =1.085853 for the for-

mer site than the corresponding DI value for the lat-

ter site which is DI =1.07449.

Scenario 3: Equal Importance Values

If the species are of equal importance, then the de-

cision criterion reduces to a decision based only on the

Shannon index; see Table 5 for a typical situation.

Species

Pi(A)

Pi(B)

0.20

0.40

0.20

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.20

0.10

0.20

0.10

0.20

Total

1.00

DI Index

1.05951

1.11983

H Index

1.18823

1.28755

Table 5. Species with equal importance value.

As expected, the Shannon diversity index is

higher for site B than for site A. The DI index like-

wise is higher for B than for A.

In conclusion, the proposed Diversity- Impor-

tance Index is an important aid to conservation biol-

ogists in situations when the Shannon Diversity

Index (based only on abundance and richness) pro-

vides ambiguous or impractical results.

REFERENCES

Duelli P. & Obrist M.K., 2003. Biodiversity indicators:

the choice of values and measures. Agriculture,

Ecosystems and Environment, 98: 87-98.

Hurlbert S.H., 1971. The non-concept of species diver-

sity: a critique and alternative parameters. Ecology,

52: 577-586.

Jiang B. & Yin J., 2013. Ht-index for quantifying the

fractal or scaling structure of geographic features.

Annals of the Association of American Geographers.

Spellerberg I.F & Fedor P.J., 2003. A tribute to Claude

Shannon (1916-2001) and a plea for more rigorous

use of species richness, species diversity and the

“Shannon- Weiner” Index. Global Ecology & Bio-

geography, 12: 177-179.

Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 391-396

Herpetofaunal inventory of Kuriat and Jbel islets (Tunisia)

Pietro Lo Cascio 1 &Vincent Riviere 2

'Associazione Nesos, via Vittorio Emanuele 24, 98055 Lipari, Messina, Italy; e-mail: plocascio@nesos.org

2 AGIR ecologique SARL 147, anc. route d’Esparron, 83470 Saint Maximim-La-Saint Baume, France; e-mail: vincent. riviere@

agirecologique.fr

ABSTRACT The present paper provides the results of the herpetological investigations carried out on the

Kuriat Archipelago, in the Khnis Bay, and the islet of Jbel, off the harbor of Echebba. Six

reptile species on the whole have been found on the studied islets. Tarentola fascicularis

(Daudin, 1802), familia Phyllodactylidae, occurring on Great Kuriat, and Trachylepis vittata

(Olivier, 1 804), familia Scincidae, detected on all the three islets, are recorded for the first

time for the islands of Tunisia.

KEY WORDS Reptiles; faunal list; new records; Tarentola fascicularis', Trachylepis vittata', islands; Tunisia.

Received 04.06.2014; accepted 13.07.2014; printed 30.09.2014

INTRODUCTION

Within the framework of the international pro-

gram Mediterranean Small Islands Initiative PIM

(www.initiative-pim.org), in 2014 March, we had

the opportunity to take part to a scientific mission

for the naturalistic exploration of the islets distrib-

uted along the central sector of the Tunisian shore-

line. During this mission were visited Great Kuriat

(or Qurya El Kabira) and Small Kuriat (or Qurya

Essaghira), that form a small archipelago in the

Khnis Bay; and Jbel, in front of the harbor of

Echebba.

Except for the record of the nesting of logger-

head sea turtle, Caretta caretta Linnaeus, 1758,

(Reptilia Cheloniidae) on Kuriat Archipelago (Jribi

et al., 2006), no data on their herpetofauna are given

in literature.

The aim of this paper is therefore to provide the

first information about the occurrence of terrestrial

reptiles on these islets, with some comments on

their distribution.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study area

The Kuriat (Qurya, or Kuriate) Archipelago lies

in the Khnis Bay, 1 6 km off the Cape of Monastir,

and includes two islets: Great Kuriat or Qurya El

Kabira (35 0 47’49”N, 11°02 , 01 ,, E) and Small

Kuriat or Qurya Essaghira, also called Conigliera

(35 o 46’06”N, 11°00’26”E). The surface is 2.7 and

0.7 km 2 respectively. Both are characterized by a

flat morphology, with a maximum elevation of less

than 5 m a.s.l., and are formed by limestone sub-

strate overlain by calcareous and sandstone crusts

(Oueslati, 1995). Along the coastline, there are also

sandy dunes and thick deposits of organic matter

(sea-grass litter). The islets he in the semi-arid

superior bioclimatic belt, with an annual precipita-

tion of 300-400 mm (Posner, 1988). Salt-marsh

plant communities (Salicornietea) are widely dis-

tributed around the low lands (sebkhas), alternated

by bare sandy areas, while agarrigue with scattered

392

Pietro Lo Cascio& Vincent Riviere

shrubs occupies the calcareous outcrops (Posner,

1988). Over-population of gulls and intense graz-

ing, due to the massive occurrence of introduced

goats (only on Great Kuriat) and rabbits (in both is-

lands), seem to be the main anthropogenic factors

which affected the structure of the vegetation.

Kuriat are uninhabited, except for a small mili-

tary out post in the light house of the larger island.

However, several historical sources attest their more

intense frequentation in past (Scalia, 1984), which

is also evidenced by the ruins of a Punic port and

of a fishermen settlement, respectively, on Great

and Small Kuriat.

Jbel (35°12’26”N, 11°10 , 00”E) is the outermost

islet of a micro-archipelago located near the harbor

of Echebba, which includes also the larger islet

Gataya (where however no herpetofauna has been

found). Jbel has a surface of 0.09 km 2 and a maxi-

mum elevation of 2 m a.s.l. Despite its proximity to

the mainland, from which is only 1.7 km, it is cer-

tainly the less anthropized site among those visited

and that characterized by a strong environmental

homogeneity, due to the almost exclusive covering

of halo-psammophilous vegetation and sea-grass

litter on the sandy substrate.

Kuriat and Jbel (Fig. 1) are continental islets and

lie in the isopleth of -20 m, therefore their isolation

from the mainland should be occurred in a very re-

cent time (see Oueslati, 1995; Lambeck & Purcell,

2005).

Field work

Field work was done from 27 to 29 March 2014,

spending one day on each island; furthermore,

Great Kuriat was visited also noctumally. We car-

ried out visual encounter surveys as well as active

searching by lifting stones and by checking the po-

tential shelters of animals. All the finding speci-

mens have been identified, photographed and

released at the place of capture. Species identifica-

tion was done following the keys given by Schleich

Figure 1. Geographical setting of the study area.

Herpetofaunal inventory of Kuriat and Jbel islets (Tunisia)

393

et al. (1996). For Phyllodactylidae and Lacertidae

were also used those given by Joger (1984) and

Szczerbak (1989), respectively.

Herpetofaunal data

The nomenclature follows Sindaco &

Jeremcenko (2008) and Sindaco et al. (2013), ex-

cept for the species formerly included in the genus

Mabuya Fitzinger, 1826, that according to Bauer

(2003) is here referred to Trachylepis Fitzinger,

1843.

RESULTS

Species list

Familia GEKKONIDAE

Hemidactylus turcicus Linnaeus, 1758

This species has been detected in both the

Kuriat islets. On Great Kuriat it seems widely dis-

tributed in the calcareous outcrops which cover al-

most one third of the island surface, while only one

specimen was found on Small Kuriat, near the

shacks on the beach that are used by daily visitors

in summer.

Familia PHYLLODACTYLIDAE

Tarentola fascicularis (Daudin, 1802)

The identification of this species was done ac-

cording to the diagnostic characters reported by

Joger (1984; see also Joger & Bshaenia, 2010) and

was kindly confirmed by the colleague Wadid Tlili

on the basis of detailed photos of some of them

(Fig. 2). During the present research, it has been

found just on Great Kuriat, which results to be the

first record for the Tunisian islands (see Tlili et al.,

2012). However, T. fascicularis certainly inhabits

other insular areas, such as Djerba and Kerkennah

(W. Tlili, unpubl. data), and its distribution on con-

tinental Tunisia needs to be clarified. On Great

Kuriat the species seems to be relatively common

in the calcareous outcrops, where it is syntopyc with

Hemidactylus turcicus.

Figure 2. Tarentola fascicularis from Great Kuriat.

Familia SCINCIDAE

Chalcides ocellatus (Forsskal, 1775)

This species has been found both on Small

Kuriat and Jbel. Most of the observations were done

in the proximity of the shoreline, where the Ocel-

lated skink use as shelter the dry litter of sea-grass

within the halophile scrubs (Fig. 3).

Trachylepis vittata (Olivier, 1804)

This species (Fig. 4) had never been previously

reported for the Tunisian islands (see Boulenger,

1891; Escherich, 1896; Mayet, 1903; Lanza &

Bruzzone, 1959; Schneider, 1969; Blanc, 1988;

Blanc & Nouira, 1988; Schluter, 2002; Delaugerre

et al., 2011). It has been found in all the islets inve-

stigated during the present research, including the

tiny Jbel, where together with Chalcides ocellatus

resulted to be the only occurring reptile species. On

these islets most part of the observations were done

along the coastal belt, in the same habitat occupied

by the Ocellated skink (see Lig. 3).

Familia LACERTIDAE

Mesalina olivieri (Audouin, 1829)

This lizard (Fig. 5) has been detected only on

Great Kuriat, where it seems relatively common

mainly within the salt-marsh plant communities

around the sebkhas.

394

Pietro Lo Cascio& Vincent Riviere

Familia LAMPROPHIIDAE

Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire,

1827)

During a 6-hours visit to Small Kuriat, we were

able to find two individuals belonging to this

species; one of them (Fig. 6) had the tail in necrosis,

probably after being hit by gulls or rats. Some col-

leagues who visit regularly the islets have informed

us that gray-green snakes, probably belonging to the

same species, would be present also on Great

Kuriat. Nevertheless, we explored this islet for a

whole day and even in the night, and we did not ob-

serve any individual.

DISCUSSION

The herpetofauna of the studied islets includes

six species of reptiles, namely five lizards and one

snake. No amphibians have been found during the

present research and, despite the occurrence of se-

bkhas and few other wet microhabitats (such as the

well near the lighthouse on Great Kuriat), the ab-

sence of these animals seems likely probable. Species

richness increases with the size of the islets and,

consequently, appears to be related to their biotic

capacity (see Table 1).

The skink Trachylepis vittata is the most fre-

quent species and occurs on all the studied islets,

although its record represents the first known for

the Tunisian islands. Furthermore, the syntopy of T.

vittata and Chalcides ocellatus on the tiny islet of

Jbel sounds quite interesting, as they share the same

habitat and even overlap in access to the scarce

trophic resources available in such small micro-

insular environment. During the field work has how-

ever not been possible to determine the eventual oc-

currence of interspecific competition. According to

Kalboussi & Nouira (2004a), both skinks are the

most abundant lizards in the oases of Southern

Figure 3. Habitat of Chalcides ocellatus and Trachylepis vittata at Jbel. Figure 4. Trachylepis vittata from Jbel.

Figure 5. Mesalina olivieri from Great Kuriat. Figure 6. Malpolon insignitus from Small Kuriat.

Herpetofaunal inventory of Kuriat and Jbel islets (Tunisia)

395

Species

Great

Kuriat

Small

Kuriat

Jbel

Hemidactylus turcicus

Tarentola fascicularis

Trachylepis vittata

Chalcides ocellatus

Mesalina olivieri

Malpolon insignitus

Table 1. Species distribution on the Kuriat and Jbel islands.

Tunisia. It is likely anyway that in continental areas

the resource partitioning among these species could

be more balanced by their different foraging mode

(see also Kalboussi & Nouira, 2004b) and by the

wider trophic opportunities.

Also Tarentola fascicularis has not been pre-

viously recorded in literature for the Tunisian is-

lands, even if unpublished data indicate its

occurrence on Djerba and Kerkennah (W. Tlili,

pers. comun.); there is also a record for Lampedusa

Island, in the Channel of Sicily, that belongs to the

African continental shelf (Harris et al., 2009). This

taxon has been considered for a long time as sub-

species of T. mauritanica, and its evolutionary

relationships with this latter, as well as its taxono-

mic status, are still under debate (see Joger &

Bshaenia, 2010; Farjallah et al., 2013). The distri-

bution of T. fascicularis includes the eastern North

Africa and has its north-western boundary in cen-

tral Tunisia, where it is sympatric with T. mauri-

tanica (Tlili et al., 2012). On the basis of current

information, this latter seems to be most common

in coastal areas, while T. fascicularis has been

found mainly in the inland ones. In this view, the

occurrence of this species on islets such as Kuriat

is not easily to be interpreted, and further investi-

gations may clarify if it is effectively absent along

the coast of Monastir. On the other hand, T. mauri-

tanica is known to have recently expanded its

distribution due to the anthropogenic dispersal

(Aprea et al., 2011), therefore can not be excluded

that the occurrence of T. fascicularis on Kuriat

could has a relict significance.

The only snake found during our visits was

Malpolon insignitus, which has been observed on

Small Kuriat and whose occurrence is supposed

also for Great Kuriat. However, if confirmed by fur-

ther investigations, the population of this latter islet

should be presumably characterized by an ex-

tremely low density.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to sincerely thank Awatef

Abiadh, Hichem Azafzaf, Sami Ben Haj, John

Borg, Laetitia Hugot, Imed Jribi, Jamel Jrijer, Aissa

Moali, and Roman Sauve for their significant help

during the field work; Wadid Tlili, for the useful

information on Tunisian Phyllodactylidae and the

identification of those from Kuriat; Michel De-

laugerre and Philippe Geniez, for their invaluable

collaboration; the Agence de Protection et d’ Ame-

nagement du Littoral (APAL) for the logistical sup-

port and the association Notre Grand Bleu for its

commitment to the preservation of the Kuriat Ar-

chipelago. The present research has beend one

within the framework of the international program

Mediterranean Small Islands Initiative PIM.

REFERENCES

Aprea G., Lo Cascio R, Corti C. & Zuffi M.A.L., 2011.

Tarentola mauritanica (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Corti C.,

Capula M., Luiselli L., Razzetti E. & Sindaco R.

(Eds.). Fauna dTtalia. XLV. Reptilia. II Sole 24 Ore,

Edagricole, Bologna, pp. 280-288.

Bauer A.M., 2003. On the identity of Lacerta punctata

Linnaeus, 1758, the type species of the genus Eu-

prepis Wagler, 1830, and the generic assignment of

the Afro-Malagasy skinks. African Journal of Her-

petology, 52: 1-7.

Blanc C., 1988. Biogeographie des Reptiles des iles Zem-

bra et Zembretta. Bulletin d’Ecologie, 19: 255-258.

Blanc C. & Nouira S., 1988. Faune herpetologique des

iles Kerkennah: inventaire, distribution et zoogeogra-

phie. Bulletin d’Ecologie, 19: 259-263.

Boulenger G.A., 1891. Catalogue of Reptiles and Batra-

chians of Barbary (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia)

based chiefly upon the notes and collections made in

1880-1884 by M. Fernand Lataste. Transactions of

the Zoological Society of London, 13: 93-164.

Delaugerre M., Ouni R. & Nouira S., 2011. Is the Euro-

pean Leaf-toed gecko Euleptes europaea also an

396

Pietro Lo Cascio& Vincent Riviere

African? Its occurrence in Western Mediterranean

landbridge islets and its extinction rate. Herpetology

Notes, 4: 127-137.

Escherich C., 1896. Beitrag zur Fauna der Tunisischen

Insel Djerba. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanis-

chen Gesellschaft in Wien, 46: 268-279.

Farjallah S., Amor N., Gharbi R. & Said K., 2013. Rela-

tionships of the Moorish Gecko Tarentola maurita-

nica sensu lato (Reptilia, Phyllodactylidae)

populations in Tunisia: morphometric and karyologi-

cal assessment. Annales Zoologici, 63: 149-156.

Harris D.J., Carretero M.A., Corti C. & Fo Cascio R,

2009. Genetic affinities of Tarentola mauritanica

(Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Fampedusa and Conigli

islet (SW Italy). North-Western Journal of Zoology,

5: 197-205.

Joger U., 1984. Taxonomische Revision der Gattung

Tarentola (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Bonner zoologische

Beitrage, 35: 129-174.

Joger U. & Bshaenia I., 2010. A new Tarentola sub-

species (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) endemic to Tunisia.

Bonn zoological Bulletin, 57: 267-274.

Jribi I., Bradai M.N. & Bouain A., 2006. Foggerhead tur-

tle nesting activity in Kuriat Islands (Tunisia): assess-

ment of nine years monitoring. Marine Turtle

Newsletter, 112: 12-13.

Kalboussi M. & Nouira S., 2004a. Comparative diet of

northern and southern Tunisian populations of Chal-

cides ocellatas (Forskal, 1775). Revista Espanola de

Herpetologia, 18: 29-39.

Kalboussi M. & Nouira S., 2004b. Regime alimentaire

de Mabuya vittata (Olivier, 1804) (Reptilia: Scinci-

dae) en Tunisie. Bulletin de la Societe herpetologique

de France, 109: 43-50.

Fambeck K. & Purcell A., 2005. Sea-level change in the

Mediterranean Sea since the FGM: model predictions

for tectonically stable areas. Quaternary Science

Reviews, 24: 1968-1988.

Fanza B. & Bruzzone C.F., 1959. Erpetofauna dell’

Arcipelago della Galita (Tunisia). Annali del Museo

civico di Storia naturale “G. Doria”, 71: 41-56.

Mayet V., 1903. Catalogue raisonne des Reptiles et

Batraciens de la Tunisie. Exploration Scientifique de

la Tunisie: Zoologie, Reptiles et Batraciens. Impri-

merie Nationale, Paris, 32 pp.

Oueslati A., 1995. Fes lies de la Tunisie. Paysages et

milieu naturels: genese, evolution et aptitudes a

famenagement d’apres les reperes de la geomorpho-

logie, de l’archeologie et de l’occupation humaine

recente. Serie Geographique n. 10, SERST-CEREST-

Universite de Tunis, Tunis, 368 pp.

Posner S.D., 1988. Biological diversity and tropical

forests in Tunisia. Report prepared for The Washing-

ton D.C. and Tunis Offices of the Agency for Inter-

national Development. At: http://pdf.usaid.gov/

pdf docs/PN ABC250.pdf (last access 04/2014).

Scalia G., 1984. Fe Kuriate e Pantelleria. Osservazioni

onomastico-etimologiche. Bulletin du Cange,

Archivum Fatinitatis Medii Aevi, 43: 65-110.

Schleich H.H., Kastle W. & Kabisch K., 1996. Amphib-

ians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz Scientific

Publisher, Koenigstein, 627 pp.

Schluter U., 2002. Die Reptilien und Amphibiens der

Kerkennah-Inseln. Elaphe, 10: 68-74.

Schneider B., 1969. Zur Herpetofauna der Galita-

Archipels. Die Aquarium und Terrararium Zeitschrift,

22: 249-251.

Sindaco R. & Jeremcenko V.K., 2008. The Reptiles of

the Western Palaearctic. 1. Annotated checklist and

distributional atlas of the turtles, crocodiles, amphis-

baenians, and lizards of Europe, North Africa, Middle

East and Central Asia. SHI-Belvedere, Eatina,

579 pp.

Sindaco R., Venchi A. & Grieco C., 2013. The Reptiles

of the Western Palaearctic. 2. Annotated checklist and

distributional atlas of the snakes of Europe, North

Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an update

to the Vol. 1 . SHI-Belvedere, Latina, 543 pp.

Szczerbak N.N., 1989. Catalogue of the African Sand

Lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Eremiainae: Lampreremias,

Pseuderemias, Taeniaeremias, Mesalina, Meroles ).

Herpetozoa, 1: 119-132.

Tlili W., Delaugerre M., Ouni R. & Nouira S., 2012.

Distributional review of the genus Tarentola (Reptilia,

Sauria) in Tunisia (North Africa). Herpetology Notes,

5: 485-492.

Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 397-420

The cave crickets of Greece: a contribution to the study of

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera),

with the description of a new species of Troglophilus Krauss, 1 879

Claudio Di Russo, Mauro Rampini* & Marina Cobolli

Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C . Darwin”,University of Rome “La Sapienza”,Viale dell’Universita 32,00185 Roma,

Italy

Corresponding author, e-mail: mauro.rampini@ unir omal.it

ABSTRACT The taxonomy, geographic distribution and ecology of Rhaphidophoridae of Greece are

updated herein. At present, 28 species of Dolicliopodo Bolivar, 1 880 and five species of

Troglophilus Krauss, 1 879 are known to colonize Greek caves and, in a few circumstances,

epigean habitats. Dolichopodci includes a high number of species and shows a wide geo-

graphic distribution, including most of Greece. The genus diversity peaks in the Hellenic

region, which hosts 28 of the 5 1 species described thus far. Most of the Dolicliopodo species

show a high degree of endemism, being recorded from only one or a few caves in restricted

geographic areas. The therm o-xerophilic climate characterizing most of the southern Balkan

Peninsula and the high fragmentation of the Greek karstic areas could have played an impor-

tant role in the reduction of gene flow among cave cricket populations, leading to strong iso-

lation and multiple speciation events. A 11 the DolicllOpodCL species found in the area are highly

dependent on caves and show clear adaptations to the subterranean ecosystems. Of the five

Troglophilus species known for the area, only two occur in continental Greece, with a very

scattered geographic distribution including a few mountain localities in northern and central

Greece. The remaining three species are widespread throughout Crete and some Aegean

islands. Finally the newly discovered Troglophilus Zoicii n . sp. from a cave on the western

slope of Mount Parnassos (central Greece) is described.

KEYWORDS D o lie h o p o d a in ae ; Tro g lo p h ilin ae ; cave crickets; Greece.

Received 15.07.2014; accepted 26.08.2014; printed 30.09.20 14

INTRODUCTION

In the Mediterranean area the family Rhaphi-

dophoridae is represented by only two genera

( Dolichopoda Bolivar, 1 8 8 0 and Troglophilus

Krauss, 1 879) with a fairly overlapping eastern

Mediterranean distribution.

Dolichopoda include:?, 51 described species in-

habiting cave habitats from the Pyrenees to the Ca-

spian reg io n in N orth ern Iran (Di Russo & Ramp in i,

2014). Troglophilus includes only 15 species dis-

tributed from the Eastern Alps to the Anatolian

Peninsula (Eades et al., 2014). The first species of

the family to be reported for Greece was Troglophilus

SpinuloSUS Chopard, 1921. Chopard (1921) based

the description of the species on some specimens

collected in the Sendoni Cave, Crete (Chopard,

1921; B oudou -S altet, 1 978). Some years later,

398

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Werner (1927) described a second species of the

same genus from Western Crete ( T. Weweri) while

Menozzi (1935) reported TwglophilliS lagoi

M enozzi, 1 935 from Rhodes and Chopard (1934)

recorded both Dolichopoda hussoni and D. remyi

from Macedonia. After these early studies, a great

effort to improve the knowledge of the Greek Rhaphi-

dophoridae was made by Chopard and Boudou-

Saltet between 1950 and 1980 (Chopard, 1954,

1 955, 1 964; B o u d o u -S alte t, 1970, 197 1 a, 1971b,

1 972a, 1972b, 1 973a, 1 973b, 1 978, 1 980, 1 9 83 ),

leading to the description of 16 new species.

The first attempt to summarize the taxonomy

and geographic distribution of Greek Rhaphi-

dophoridae was published by Willemse (1984), in

which he reported 17 species of Dolichopoda

distributed from some Ionian islands (Corfu and

Petalas) and the Peloponnese to Thrace (Thasos

Island) and Crete, including a few localities in cen-

tral Greece and Attica. Except for Naxos, no other

sites were reported for the Aegean area. Willemse

(1984) listed six species of TwglophiluS , three

from Crete, one from Rhodes and T. cavicola and

T. neglectus fro m cen tral Greece and Macedonia

respectively. Kollaros et al. (1991), studying many

TwglophiluS specimens from Crete, revised the

systematics of the genus and concluded that Crete

hosted only one species ( T. SpinuloSUS) . New re-

search on the R haphidophoridae cave crickets from

Greece starting in 2002 led to the description of

several new species, in particular TwglophiluS VHCI-

rinae Rampini et Di Russo, 2003 from a cave

on Santorini Island and eight new species of

Dolichopoda from Ionian and Aegean islands

(Galvagni, 2002; Rampini & Di Russo, 2 0 03a;

Rampini et al., 2008, 2012).

The aim of this note is to update the knowl-

edge of the taxonomy and geographic distribution

of Greek R h ap h id o p h o rid a e species; some eco-

logical information is also presented and discus-

sed.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

All the studied specimens were collected during

several field trips starting in 1980. Specimens were

preserved in 70% alcohol and deposited in the col-

lection of the Museum of Zoology of the University

of Rome “La Sapienza” (MZUR) (Rome, Italy).

Other typical material not examined by us is de-

posited in the following institutions and collections:

BM (NH) = British Museum (Natural History),

London; MSNM = Museo Civico di Storia Natu-

rale,Milan;MNHN = Museum Nationald'Histoire

Naturelle, Paris; PC = Patrizi collection; ZMA =

Zoological M useum, Amsterdam.

The specimens were studied with a Leica MZ

12.5 s tere o m ic ro sc o p e . All measurements are in

mm. Lor the concise description of the species we

considered the following main morphological

characters commonly used for taxonomic purposes

in both Dolichopoda and TwglophiluS: tergum X,

epiphallus, subgenital plate for males and subgeni-

tal plate and ovipositor for females. Photographs

were taken with a N ikon Coolpix 50 0 0 digital cam-

era. The photographs and distribution map were

processed using ACDSee Pro 7.

RESULTS

List of species and taxonomic notes

The species listed here have been ordered following

a North-South geographic criterion.

Superfamily R H A P H ID O P H O R O ID E A

Lamily R H A P H ID O P H O R ID A E

Subfamily D O L IC H O P O D A IN A E

Genus Dolichopoda B oliva r, 1880

Dolichopoda hussoni Chopard, 1934

Type locality. Greek Macedonia, Imathia,

Naousa, Megalou Alexandrou cave, 2 5 .V III. 1 9 3 3 ,

P. Remy and R. Husson leg., 1 male, 2 females

(MNHN) (Chopard, 1934).

Other localities known. Imathia: Naousa, Pa-

parados cave, altitude 335 m, 25.VIII.1933, P. Remy

and R. Husson leg.; same locality, 24. V. 1 954, K.

Lindberg leg.; Naousa, Apano Skala cave near the

slaughterhouse, 2 6 .V III. 1 9 3 3 , P. Remy and R. Hus-

son leg.; same locality, 24. V. 1954, K. Lindberg leg.;

Naousa, Izborjia cave, 25. V. 1954, K. Lindberg leg.

Examined material. Imathia: Naousa, Papara-

dos cave, altitude 3 3 5 m, 04. IV. 1 990, M. Rampini

leg., 1 female; Naousa, Esvoria, “The School of

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 399

Aristotle”, 09. IV. 1 993, M. Cobolli leg., 1 male, 1

female; N aousa, Apano Skala cave near the slaugh-

terhouse, 07. VII. 1997, M. Rampini leg., 7 males, 1

female; Naousa, Izborjia cave, 10. VII. 1997, M.

Rampini leg., 1 male (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size relatively big ranging

between 20-22 mm. Ventral edge of hind femur

unarmed. Tergum X with a curved ridge and two

small rounded tubercles (Figs. 1, 2). Epiphallus

very thin with acute and curved apex (Fig. 3).

Female. Subge n it al plate triangularwith rounded

apex. Ovipositor 17 mm long with 16 denticles on

the inner valves.

Dolichopoda remyi Chopard, 1934

Type locality. Greek Macedonia, Imathia,

Loutraki, Pozarska mala Pestera, 2 2 . V III. 1 9 3 3 , P.

Remy and R. Husson leg., 1 male, 1 female

(MNHN) (Chopard, 1934).

Other localities known. Pella, Edessa,Boudl-

jeva cave, 2 3 .V III. 1 9 3 3 , P. Remy and R. Husson

leg.; same locality, 3. V. 1 954, K. Lindberg leg.;

Imathia, Loutraki, Temma Pestera cave,

2 1 . V III. 1 9 3 3 , P. Remy and R. Husson leg.; Pella,

Nissi, Kuradska Pestera cave, 14. VIII. 1933, P.

Remy and R. Husson leg.; Pella,Agras, Pestera na

Bujorcave, 16.VIII.1933,P. Remy and R. Husson leg.

Examined material. Imathia, Loutraki, Pozarska

mala Pestera, 06. III. 1991, M . Rampini leg., 1 male,

1 female; same locality, 07. VII. 1997, M. Rampini

leg., 2 males, 2 females; Pella, Edessa, small cave

below the big waterfall named Karanos,

07. VII. 1997, M. Rampini leg., 4 males, 2 females,

6 nymphs, 24. IV. 2006, M . Rampini leg., 3 males, 2

females; Imathia, Naousa, Apano Skala cave, under

the slaughterhouse, 10. VII. 1997, M . Rampini leg.,

2 males, 2 females (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size relatively big ranging

between 20-23 mm. Species characterized by the

occurrence of about 20 spines on the ventral edge of

the hind femurs. Tergum IX strongly sinous. Tergum

X with two pronounced rounded ridges (Figs. 4, 5).

Epiphallus long, strength with acute apex (Fig. 6).

Female. Subgen it al plate sub- triangular. Ovipos-

itor straight 15 mm long with 18 denticles on the

inner valves.

Dolichopoda annae Boudou Saitet, 1973

Type locality. Thessaly, Larissa, unnamed

small cave, date not specified, 197 1, A. Petrochilos

leg., 2 males, 1 female. Kind of type: unspecified

primary type (B oudou-S altet, 1 973a).

Examined material. Thessaly: Ampelakia,

Tern pi Valley, railw ay tunnel, 25. V. 2007, M . Ramp ini

leg., 2 males, 1 female; Agia Paraskevi cave,

25. V. 2007, M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 3 nymphs;

Kalipefki, Leptokaria, unnamed small cave,

25. V. 2007, M. Rampini leg., 2 males, 3 nymphs

(M ZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 20 mm. Tergum IX

deeply incised in the middle. Tergum X with two

folded ridges (Figs. 7, 8). Lobes of the subgenital

plate triangular with two short styli. Epiphallus

slender very curved with acute apex (Fig. 9).

Female. Subgenital plate triangular, laterally

thickened and rounded at the apex. Ovipositor 13.5

mm long, enlarged at the base. The inner valves

with 17 denticles.

Dolichopoda thasosensis Chopard, 1964

Type locality. Thrace, Thasos Island, Panaghia,

Drakotripa cave, 15. VII. 1963, S. Daan and V. van

Loarleg., 1 male, 1 female (ZMA) (Chopard, 1964).

Characters (by Chopard, 1964). M ale. Size 21.0

mm. Tergum X with two diverging triangular lobes.

Lobes of the subgenital plate with two short styli.

Epiphallus strongly curved with a rounded apex.

Female. Subgenital plate triangular lightly in-

cised at the middle, it shows at the base a triangular

protuberance. Ovipositor 12 mm long with the inner

valves bearing 16 denticles.

Dolichopoda graeca Chopard, 1964

Type locality. Epirus, Ioannina, Perama cave,

2 3 . V III. 1 9 62 , G. D’ Harvey leg., 1 male, 1 fern ale

BM(N.H.) (Chopard, 1964).

Examined material. Epirus, Ioannina, Perama

cave, 10. IV. 1988, M. Ramp ini leg., 3 nymphs; same

locality, 31. V. 1 989, S. Zoia leg., 1 nymph; same

locality, 29. VI. 1991, M. Rampini leg., 2 males, 5

nymphs (MZUR).

400

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Characters. Male. Size 21.5 mm. Tergum X

with two evident conical tubercles and trapezoidal

lateral lobes (Figs. 10, 11). Subgenital plate with

triangular lobes and bearing two cylindrical styli.

Epiphallus quite large at the base, cylindrical and

rounded at the apex (Fig. 12).

Fem ale. Subgenital plate triangular w ith a rounded

apex slightly incised in the middle. Ovipositor 12

mm long with 15 denticles on the inner valves.

Dolichopoda kiriakii Rampini et Di Russo, 2008

Type locality. Epirus, Preveza, Parga, cave

near Agia Kiriaki, altitude 270 m, 24. IV. 2006, L.

Lustri leg., 3 males, 4 females (MZUR) (Rampini

et a 1 . , 20 0 8).

Characters. Male. Size 18-19.5 mm. Tergum

X with two evident cylindrical tubercles with

rounded apex and two wide lateral lobes (Figs. 13,

14). Epiphallus almost large at the base, long and

acute at the apex (Fig. 15). Lobes of the subgenital

plate with two short cylindrical styli.

Fem ale . S ubgenital plate triang ular w ith thickened

lateral edges and a rounded apex. O v ip os it or straight,

14 mm long with 18 denticles on the inner valves.

Dolichopoda steriotisi b oudou-Saitet, 1972

Type locality. Ionian Islands, Corfu, Periste-

rotrypa cave, August 1 970, 4 males, 2 females.

Kind of type: unspecified primary type (Boudou-

Saltet, 1972a).

Examined material. Corfu: Klimatia, Antro-

pograva cave, 10. IV. 1980, M. Rampini leg., 2

males; same locality, 21. IV. 1987, M. Rampini leg.,

8 nymphs; same locality, 12. IV. 1 988, M. Rampini

leg., 13 males, 4 females, 2 nymphs; same locality,

12.VIII.2006,C.Di Russo leg., 1 male, 1 female, 1

nymph; Megali cave, near Loutses, 07. IX. 1 985, F.

Gasparo leg., 1 male (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size large (23 mm). Tergum

X with two small conical tubercles and squared

lateral lobes (Figs. 16, 17). Subgenital plate wide

with triangular lobes holding short styli. Epihallus

slender strongly curved and acute at apex (Fig. 18).

Female. Subgenital plate triangular posteriorly

enlarged by an ovoid stripe. Ovipositor 14 mm long

with 21 denticles on the inner valves.

Dolichopoda gasparoi RampinietDiRusso, 2008

Type locality. Ionian Islands, Lefkada, Evghi-

ros, Kirospilia cave, altitude 150 m, 03. IX. 2004, F.

Gasparo leg., 1 male, 4 nymphs; same locality,

28. V. 2006, P.M . Giachino, D. Vailati leg., 1 male,

3 females (MZUR) (Rampini et al., 2008).

Characters. Male. Size 18.5-19.5 mm. Ter-

gum X with two little evident crests which link the

posterior edges of the two large lateral lobes (Figs.

19, 20). Epiphallus lengthened and narrowed

towards the base, very arched and acute at the apex

(Fig. 21). Lobes of the subgenital plate triangular

with two short styli.

Female. Subgenital plate large, triangular with

the rounded apex, sides with two protrusion diverg-

ing at the base. Ovipositor 13 mm long uniformly

curved along its entire length, the inner valves have

1 6 denticles.

Dolichopoda giachinoi RampinietDiRusso, 2008

Type locality. Aetolia-Acarnania, Monastiraki

(M ount Serekas), M egalo Spilio cave,altitude 100 0

m, 29. V. 2006, P.M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 1

male, 5 nymphs; same locality, 03. VI. 2007, P.M.

Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 4 nymphs; same local-

ity, 02.11.2007, M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 1 female,

1 nymph (MZUR) (Rampini et al., 2008).

Characters. Male. Size 18-20 mm. Tergum X

with two evident tubercles cone-like connected by

a thick crest on the upper margin (Figs. 22, 23 ).

Epiphallus slender and long with an acute apex

which curves cephalad (Fig. 24). Lobes of the sub-

genital plate without styli.

Female. Subgenital plate shaped as a flattened

triangle with thickened lateral edges and apex.

Ovipositor 15 mm long almost straight, the inner

valves with 20 denticles.

Dolichopoda ithakii RampinietDiRusso, 2008

Type locality. Ionian Islands, Ithaca, near

Vathy, M arm aro s p ilia cave, altitude 180 m,

16. VI. 2004, F. Gasparo leg., 1 male, 3 nymphs

(MZUR) (Rampini et al., 20 0 8).

Characters. M ale. Size 15-16 mm. Tergum X

sim ilar to D. gaspawi but w ith the tubercles cone-

like and bigger (Figs. 25, 26). Epiphallus slender,

curved with a pointed apex (Fig. 27). Lobes of the

subgenital plate without styli. Female unknown.

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 401

Figures 1-3. Dolichopodci hllSSOni: Fig. 1) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 2) tergurn X posterior view, Fig. 3) epiphallus

dorsal view. Figs. 4-6. D. retnyi: Fig. 4) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 5) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 6) epiphallus dorsal

view. Figs. 7-9. D. CUinae : Fig. 7) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 8) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 9) epiphallus dorsal

view. Figs. 10-12. D. gmeCCL: Fig. 10) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 11) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 12) epiphallus

dorsal view.

402

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Figures 13-15. Dolichopoda kiridkiv. Fig. 1 3 ) terg um X dorsal view, Fig. 14)tergum X posterior view. Fig.

dorsal view. Figs. 16-18. D. Steviotish Fig. 16) terg um X dorsal view. Fig. 17) terg um X posterior view, Fig.

dorsal view. Figs. 19-21. D. gcispciwi : Fig. 19) terg um X dorsal view, Fig. 20) terg um X posterior view, Fig.

dorsal view. Figs. 22-24. D. gidchitioi: Fig. 22) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 23) tergum X posterior view, Fig.

dorsal view .

1 5) epiphallus

1 8) epiphallus

2 1 ) epiphallu s

24) epiphallus

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 40 3

Dolichopoda pavesii Gaivagni, 2002

Type locality. Ionian Islands, Cephalonia,

Drakotripa cave, altitude 300 m, cave above the lake

Avithos at Agios Nikolaos, X II. 1 9 9 5 /V. 1 99 6 , M.

Pavesi leg., 2 males, 12 nymphs (MSNM) (Gai-

vagni, 2002).

Examined material. Cephalonia, Sami,

Drogarati cave, 13. VIII. 2003 C. Di Russo leg., 7

males, 3 females, 2 nymphs; same locality,

15. VI. 2004, F. Gasparo leg., 2 males, 4 females, 3

nymphs (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 20-23 mm.Tergum X

with two conical tubercles, squared lateral lobes

(Figs. 28, 29). Fobes of the subgenital plate with

two developed cylindrical styli. Epiphallus enlarged

at the base, long, slender, with an acute apex which

curves cephalad (Fig. 30).

Female. Subgenital plate triangular, thickened,

rounded at apex with a large sclerotized protuber-

ance deeply incised in the middle. Sternite VII has

a prominent cone-like protuberance. Ovipositor 12

mm long, basally large but more curved in the first

proximal portion, the inner valves with 19 denticles.

Dolichopoda patrizii Chopard, 1964

Type locality. Ionian Islands, Petalas, Akra

cave, 17. VII. 1956, S. Patrizi and F. Baschieri leg.,

1 male, 1 female (PC) (Chopard, 1964).

Examined material. Ionian Islands, Petalas,

Akra cave, 28. IV. 2007, V. Sbordoni leg., 1 male im -

mature (MZUR).

Characters. M ale. Size 19 mm.Tergum X with

two elevated and thickened ridges (Figs. 31, 32). Sub-

gen it al plate shows a deep median incisures. Epiphal-

lus thin, straight and acute at the apex (Fig. 33).

Female. Subgenital plate triangular rounded at

the apex with a very small indented protrusion.

Ovipositor slightly curved, 13 mm long with 17

denticles on the inner valves.

Dolichopoda lustriae Rampini et Di Russo, 2008

Type locality. West Greece, A etolia-A carnania:

Chalkiopouli (M ount Pselovuni),Agios Andreas cave,

altitude 1150 m, 09. II. 2007, M. Ramp ini leg., 1 male,

2 females, 1 nymph (MZUR) (Rampinietal., 200 8).

Examined material. Central Greece: Phocis,

Mount Vardousia, cave unnamed, altitude 1110 m,

10. VI. 2005, P. M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 5

nymphs; Dafni, A th an a sio s -D iako s , Dafni cave,

2 0.X .2 00 8, C. Di Russo leg., 1 male (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size relatively big (20-23

mm). Species characterized by the occurrence of

about 23 spines on the ventral edge of the hind

femurs. Tergum X with two tubercles enlarged,

cylindrical and diverging, rounded at the apex con-

nected by a thickened upper edge (Fig. 34).

Epiphallus elongated cylindrical and very arched

forwards with an acute apex which widens at the

base (Fig. 35); basal lobes developed, the posterior

ones wing-like in shape. Subgenital plate wide and

convex with a deep median incision; lateral lobes

are triangular with two large cylindrical styli.

Female. Subgenital plate triangular with

rounded apex. Ovipositor 19 mm long, uniformly

curved upwards and slender at the apex, the inner

valves with 20 denticles.

Dolichopoda matsakisi b oudou-Saitet, 1972

Type locality. Peloponnese, A chaia, Kalavrita,

Ton Limnon cave, H. Dalens and J. Matsakis leg.,

date not specified., 2 males, 4 females, 1 nymph.

Kind of type: unspecified primary type (Boudou-

Saltet, 1972b).

Examined material. Peloponnese, Achaia,

Kalavrita, Ton Fimnon cave 24 . V III. 1 9 9 0 , C. Di

Russo leg., 2 males, 3 females, 4 nymphs; same lo-

cality, 14. VIII. 2005, M . Ramp ini leg., 1 male, 1 fe -

male; same locality, 26. IV. 07, V. Sbordoni leg., 2

nymphs; A chaia, Pititsa, Ana lip si cave, 13.VIII.2005,

M. Rampini leg., 2 males, 2 nymphs; same locality,

04. IV. 2005, V. Sbordoni leg., 2 nymphs (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 20 mm. Tergum X

with two pyramidal tubercles, squared lateral lobes

(Fig. 36). Fobes of the subgenital plate triangular

with two long styli. Epiphallus slender and curved

with acute apex, the lobes of the basal process few

developed, and wing-like in shape (Fig. 37).

Female. Subgenital plate small, triangular, thick-

ened at the rounded apex with a light incision in the

middle. Ovipositor 15.5 mm long, slender, almost

straight, the inner valves with 18 denticles.

404

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Dolichopoda dalensi b oudou-s aitet, 1972

Type locality. Peloponnese, Argolis, Kefalari,

K ephalovrissi cave, date not specified, H. Dalens

and J. Matsakis leg., 1 female. Kind of type: un spec-

ified primary type (B o u d o u -S aitet, 1972b).

Examined material. Peloponnese, Argolis,

Kefalari, K ephalovrissi cave, 1 8 .V III. 2005 , M.

Rampini and C. Di Russo leg., 2 males, 4 nymphs

(M ZU R ).

Characters. Male. Size 21-23 mm. Tergum X

with two evident tubercles, pyramidal in shape,

trapezoidal lateral lobes with sinuous posterior

margins (Fig. 38). Lobes of the subgen it al plate with

two well-developed and pubescent styli. Epiphal-

lus narrow, elongated, curved forwards, lobes of

the basal process well developped and wing-like in

shape (Fig. 39).

Female. Subgenital plate large, triangular, thick-

ened at the apex with a light incision in the middle.

Ovipositor 19 mm long, basally large and curved

along its entire length, inner valves with 16 den-

ticles.

Dolichopoda vandeli b oudou-s aitet, 1970

Type locality. C entral Greece, Boeotia, Orkome-

nos, Dionysos, Hermes cave, 09. IV. 1 969, P. Saltet

leg., 4 males, 7 females, 19 nymphs. Kind of type:

unspecified primary type (B oudou-S aitet, 1970).

Examined material. Central Greece, Boeotia,

Orkomenos, Dionysos, Hermes cave, 04. XI. 1987,

M. Rampini leg., 3 nymphs; same locality,

18. XI. 1989, M. Rampini leg., 5 males, 13 nymphs;

05. XI. 2005, M. Rampini and G.Allegrucci leg., 1

male, 2 females, 4 nymphs; Boeotia, Orchomenos,

Akontio, cave of the Kopais Lake, 19. VI. 2004, P.

M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 5 nymphs; Mount

Elikonas, Agia Triada, cave I, 09. X. 2008, M.

Rampini leg., 2 females; same locality, 21. IV. 2013,

C. Di Russo leg., 1 male, 1 female (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 24 mm. Tergum IX

triangular with the posterior edge rounded covering

the tergum X. Tergum X with two diverging very

elongated lateral lobes (Fig. 40). It appears flattened

and sinuous at the apex. Lobes of the subgenital

plate aim ost triangular with two short styli. Epiphal-

lus slender slightly curved and at the apex barely

b ifid (Fig . 4 1).

Female. Subgenital plate trapezoidal and

strongly bilobate. Ovipositor 12 mm long, curved at

the apex with the inner valves bearing 16 denticles.

Dolichopoda insignis chopard, 1955

Type locality. Attica, Athens, Mount Imittos,

Koutouki cave, altitude 490 m, 18. IV. 1 954, J.

Petrochilos leg., 1 male (M N H N ) (Chopard, 1 955 ).

Other locality known. Attica, Marathona,

Pan cave (prehistoric cave), 2 9 . V III. 1 9 7 1 , P.

Boudou-Saltetleg. (Boudou Saltet, 197 1b).

Examined material. Attica, Marathona, Pan

cave (prehistoric cave), 15. XI. 1989, M. Rampini

leg, 2 males (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 17-18 mm. Species

characterized by a tergum IX showing a long median

process rounded at the apex. Tergum X with two very

elongated lateral lobes extended and sinuous at the

apex (Fig. 42). Lobes of the subgenital plate triangu-

lar with two very small styli. Epiphallus large flat-

tened with a wide bifurcation at the apex (Fig. 4 3).

Female. Subgenital plate elongated, triangular

with the posterior edge strongly bilobate. Oviposi-

tor 14 mm long slender and curved along its entire

length, the inner valves with 19 denticles.

Dolichopoda petrochilosi Chopard, 1954

Type locality. Attica, Athens, M ount Parnitha,

cave of Pan, 23. XI. 1952, K. Lindberg leg., 1 male,

1 female (MNHN) (Chopard, 1954).

Other localities knwon. Attica: Athens,

Mount Imittos, Koutouki cave, altitude 490 m,

18. IV. 1954, K. Lindberg leg.;Athens, Nea Penteli,

Daveli cave, altitude 650 m, 17. IV. 1954, K.

Lindberg leg.; Athens, Mount Rakhi (Northern

Imittos) altitude 490 m, 13. IV. 1 954, K. Lindberg

leg. (Chopard, 1 955).

Examined material. Attica, Athens, Mount

Parnitha, cave of Pan, 07. IV. 2013, F. Ballarin leg.,

1 male; Attica, Nea Penteli, Daveli cave,

09. XII. 2005, M. Rampini and A. Roverelli leg., 2

females; same locality, 09. XII. 2013, S. Alexiou

leg., 3 nymphs (MZUR).

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 405

Characters. Male. Size 17 mm. Tergum IX

trapezoidal, wide with the rounded posterior edge

covering the tergum X. Tergum X with elongated

lateral lobes not diverging and truncated at the

apex (Fig. 44). Lobes of the subgenital plate

almost trapezoidal with two prominent styli.

Epiphallus slender and curved, with acute and

b ifid apex (Fig. 45).

Female. Subgenital plate rounded, slightly in-

cised in the middle. Ovipositor 12 mm long with 16

denticles on the inner valves.

Dolichopoda makrykapa Boudou -Saitet, 1980

Type locality. Central Greece, Euboea,

Makrykapa, Pigi Nyphi cave, date not specified,

1 97 8, T. Skouras leg., 2 males, 4 females, 4

nymphs. Kind of type: unspecified primary type

(B oudou-S altet, 1980).

Examined material. Euboea: Lamari, Paralia

Chiliadou, cave near Paralia, 22. V. 2006, C. Di

Russo leg., 3 males, 2 nymphs; Kato Seta, Agia

Triada, cave unnamed, 23. V. 2006, C. Di Russo leg.,

3 males; Tharounia, Kakalitsa, Skoteini cave,

2 9 .III. 2 0 13, F. B allarin leg., 1 m ale (MZUR).

CHARACTERS.Male.Size21 mm. Tergum IX trape-

zoidal wide covering the tergum X. The lateral

lobes of the tergum X are elongated and acute at

apex (Fig. 46). Lobes of the subgenital plate

rounded with two very short rounded styli. Epiphal-

lus triangular, slender apically, apex slightly bifur-

cated, the basal lobes are developed (Fig. 47).

Female. Subgenital plate wide, globular, trian-

gular in shape, the posterior edge is rounded and

deeply incised in the middle. Ovipositor wide at

the base, 12.5 mm long, the inner valves with 20

denticles.

Dolichopoda cassagnaui b oudou-s altet, 1 9 7 1

Type locality. Central Greece, Euboea, K ary s -

tos (Mount Ochi), Agia Triada cave, 30. VII. 1970,

B o u do u -S altet leg., 9 males, 3 females, 5 nymphs.

Kind of type: unspecified primary type (Boudou-

S altet, 1971a).

Examined material. Central Greece, Euboea,

Karystos (Mount Ochi), Agia Triada cave,

16. XI. 1989, M . Rampini leg., 1 female; same local-

ity, 08. XII. 2005, M. Rampini, A. Roverelli leg., 3

males,4 females (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 21.5 mm. Tergum X

with lateral lobes elongated, wide at the base and

acute at the apex (Fig. 48). Lobes of the subgenital

plate rounded with styli elongated. Epiphallus short,

massif, with a typical X-shape, the apex is strongly

bifurcated and curved forward, the basal lobes are

very reduced (Fig. 49).

Female. Subgenital plate rounded and slightly

incised in the middle. Ovipositor 11.5 mm long, the

inner valves with 19 denticles.

Dolichopoda ochtoniai b oudou-s altet, 1983

(nomen nudum)

Locality. Central Greece, Euboea, Ochtonia,

cave, date and collector not specified (Boudou-

S altet, 1 983).

Remarks. For this taxon the formal morpho-

logical description is not available, therefore we

consider here only its nomen nudum .

Dolichopoda saraolakosi b oudou-s altet, 1983

(nomen nudum)

Locality. North Sporades Islands, Skyros,

cave, date and collector not specified (Boudou-

S altet, 1 983).

Remarks. For this taxon the formal morpho-

logical description is not available, therefore we

consider here only its nomen nudum.

Dolichopoda unicolor Chopard, 1964

Type locality. Peloponnese, Laconia: Selinitza,

Katafigi cave, 29. VII. 1956, S. Patrizi and F.

Baschieri Salvatori leg., 1 male, 1 female (PC)

(C hopard, 1 964).

Examined material. Peloponnese: Laconia,

A g io s Dim itro s, Katafigi cave, 28. III. 2005, V. Sbor-

doni leg., 1 male, 1 female; Mount Taigetos, EOS

Shelter, small cave, 18. V. 1989, S. Zoia leg., 1

female, 6 nymphs; same locality, 10. IX. 1 995, L.

406

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Dell'Anna leg., 2 nymphs; Kafiona, Megalo Spilio,

09. IX. 1995, L. Dell'Anna leg., 3 males, 2 females;

Dirou, Dirou cave, 29. III. 2005, V. Sbordoni leg., 1

male, 1 female; same locality, 1 5 . V III. 2 0 0 5 , M.

R am p ini leg., 4 nymphs; Tripa, Kaiadas cave,

21. III. 2013, F. Ballarin leg., 1 male, 2 females, 2

nymphs (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 16 mm. Tergum X

without tubercles and the rounded lateral lobes

strongly protruding (Fig. 50). Subgenital plate

strongly incised in the middle; the lateral lobes are

rounded with convex margins and short styli.

Epiphallus wide, flattened and little acute at apex,

basal process poorly developed (Fig. 51).

Fern ale. Subgenital plate rounded little indented

in the middle. Ovipositor slightly curved, 12 mm

long with 17 denticles on the inner valves.

Dolichopoda naxia b oudou-Saitet, 1972

Type locality. Cyclades Islands, Naxos, Filotas,

Zeus cave, September 1971, Boudou-Saitet leg., 2

males, 1 females, 2 nymphs. Kind of type: un-

specified primary type (Boudou-Saitet, 1 972a).

Examined material. Cyclades Islands, Naxos,

Filotas, Zeus cave, 08. IV. 2007, V. Sbordoni leg., 2

m ales (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size relatively large (19

mm). Tergum X without tubercles and two short

lobes (Fig. 52). Subgenital plate wide with rounded

lateral lobes holding two evident styli. Epiphallus

moderately flattened, slightly curved and with rounded

apex, basal process poorly developed (Fig. 53).

Female. Subgenital plate wide posteriorly rounded

and moderately incised in the middle. Ovipositor

11. 5 mm long, slender and elongated, the innervalves

have 16 denticles.

Dolichopoda calidnae Ram pini et D i Russo, 2 0 1 2

Type locality. Southern Aegean Islands, Ka-

lymnos, Pothia, Seven Virgins cave, 28. III. 2004, M .

Rampini and C. Di Russo leg., 2 males, 5 females;

Skalia, unnamed cave near Skalia (Mount Flaska),

28. III. 20 0 4, M. Rampini and C. Di Russo leg., 3

males, 5 nymphs (MZUR) (Rampini et al., 2 0 12).

Characters. Male. Size 17.5 mm. Tergum X

shows on the posterior edge two large lateral lobes,

triangular in shape, with rather rounded apex (Fig.

54). Subgen ital plate globular at the bottom, with a

deep middle incision that runs for half of the total

length. Lateral lobes trapezoidal, with two short

conical styli. The epiphallus is sclerotized and

shows a median process relatively long, lightly flat-

tened and acute apically. In lateral view, it appears

large at the base and uniformly curved; the basal

processes poorly developed are squared and

slightly divergent (Fig. 55).

Female. Subgenital plate triangular with two

moderately incised lobes in the middle. The

ovipositor has an average length of 11 mm, it is

enlarged at the base and regularly curved on the

superior edge, the inferior valves have 15 den-

ticles .

Dolichopoda kalithea Di Russo et Rampini, 2012

Type locality. North Aegean Islands, Samos,

Mount Kerkis, Kakoperato canyon, altitude 660 m,

Kakoperato cave, 05. IV. 2008, C. Di Russo and M.

Rampini leg., 7 males, 1 female, 2 nymphs

(MZUR) (Rampini et al., 20 12).

Examined material. M arathokam bos, Vot-

salakia, Sarantaskaliotissa cave altitude 320 m, (near

Pythagoras cave), South-Eastern slopes of Mount

Kerkis, 05. IV. 2008, C. Di Russo and M. Rampini

leg., 1 male, 2 females, 3 nymphs (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 16.5 mm. Tergum X

has two triangular lobes quite developed and sepa-

rated by a large concavity (Fig. 56). The subgenital

plate shows two trapezoidal lobes, straight on the

posterior edges and separated by a relatively short

incision; the lobes hold two prominent cylindrical

styli. The epiphallus is sclerotized and shows a

quite flattened median process with an enlarged

base, basal process poorly developed; laterally, it

appears rather thick at the base and strongly arched

distally (Fig . 5 7).

Female. Subgenital plate rounded and slightly

incised in the middle. The ovipositor has an average

length of 12.0 mm, rather enlarged at the base and

regularly curved on the superior edge. The superior

valves have a pointed apex and curves upwards, the

inferior valves have 14 denticles.

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 40 7

Figures 25-27 . Dolichopodci ithakii : Fig. 25) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 26) tergurn X posterior view, Fig. 27) epiphallus

dorsal view. Figs. 28-30. D. pcivesik Fig. 28) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 29) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 30) epiphallus

dorsal view. Figs. 31-33. D. pcitrizih Fig. 31) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 32) tergum X posterior view, Fig. 33) juvenile

genitalia. Figs. 34, 35. D. lllStriae : Fig. 34) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 35) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 36, 37. D. YYlCltSClkisV.

Fig. 36) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 37) epiphallus dorsal view.

408

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Figures 38, 39. Dolichopoda (Icilensi. Fig. 38) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 39) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 40, 41. D. VCmdeli.

Fig. 40) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 41) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 42, 43. D. MSlgTlis : Fig. 42) tergum X dorsal view. Fig.

43) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 44, 45. D. petwchilosi: Fig. 44) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 45) epiphallus dorsal view.

Figs. 46, 47. D. makrykapa: Fig. 46) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 47) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 48, 49. D. CCLSSCLgnClui :

Fig. 48) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 49) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 50, 51. D. WlicoloT : Fig. 50) tergum X dorsal view.

Fig. 51) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 52, 5 3. D. nCLXiCL : Fig. 52) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 53) epiphallus dorsal view.

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 409

Dolichopoda giulianae Ramp in ietDiRusso, 2012

Type locality. North Aegean Islands, Samos,

Pythagorion, Panagia Spiliani cave, 2 1. VIII. 2002,

F. Gasparo leg., 1 female, 5 nymphs; same locality,

04. IV. 20 0 8, M. Rampini and C. Di Russo leg., 5

males, 2 females, 3 nymphs (MZUR) (Rampini et

al., 20 12).

Characters. Male. Size 14.5 mm. Tergum X

shows two prominent lobes on the posterior edge,

almostsquared at the apex (Fig. 58). The subgenital

plate, globular at the bottom, shows two triangular

lateral lobes, holding two short conical styli. The

epiphallus is sclerotized and shows a long flattened

median process, acute at the apex, basal process

poorly developed; from the side, it appears uni-

formly curved (Fig. 59).

Female. Subgenital plate trapezoidal with two

rounded lobes. The ovipositor has an average length

of 11.0 mm, and 15 denticles on the inner valves.

Dolichopoda paraskevii b oudou-Saitet, 1973

Type locality. Crete, Heraklion, Skotino,

Agia Paraskevi cave, September 1971, Boudou-

Saltetleg., 1 male, 2 females, 12 nymphs. Kind of

type: unspecified primary type ( B o u d o u - S a lte t ,

1 973b).

Examined material. Crete, Heraklion, Skoti-

no n, Agia Paraskevi cave, 09.VII.1995, M . Rampini

leg., 2 males, 7 females, 6 nymphs; same locality,

04. VI. 2002, F. Gasparo leg., 3 nymphs; Lasithi,

Milatos, Milatos cave, 09. VII. 1995, M. Rampini

leg., 6 nymphs;Lassithi,Adrianos,Atziganospilios

cave, 14. VII. 1995, C. Di Russo leg., 1 nymph; same

locality, 18.X.1997,M.Rampinileg.,2 males, 1 fe -

male, 10 nymphs (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 14.5 mm. Tergum X

with triangular lobes rounded at the apex (Fig. 60).

Subgenital plate wide with rounded margins and

two short styli. The epiphallus is sclerotized and

shows a broad and flattened median process, lat-

erally it appears few curved; the basal processes are

few developed (Fig. 61).

Female. Subgenital plate wide and bilobate.

Ovipositor 11-12 mm long, light curved with 13

denticles on the inner valves.

Dolichopoda sp.

In this section we report the list of the localities

where immature specimens were collected and

deposited in the MZUR collection.

Epirus: Arta-Athamania, Mount Athamano,

Athamanio, altitude 1 000 m (epigean), 29. V. 2005,

P. M . Giachino, D. Vailati leg.

A e to lia- A c arn an ia : Nafpaktos, Rigani (3 Km

before), unnamed cave, 31. V. 2005, P.M . Giachino

and D . Vailati leg .

Thessaly: Magnesia, Orkomenos, Megali spilia,

22. V. 1989, S. Zoia leg.; Mount Ossa, Larissa, Kok-

kinovramo cave, 25. V. 1989, S. Zoia leg.; Karditsa,

Belokomiti, Gakicave, 12. VI. 2008 and 01. VI. 2011,

P.M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg.

Phocis: Delfi, Mount Parnassos, Korycian An-

dron cave, altitude 1400 m, 30. IV. 2007, V. Sbordoni

leg.; Ano Polydrossos, Kontylo cave, altitude 700

m, 09. XII. 2013, C. Di Russo and L. Latella leg.;

Amfissa, Prosilio, Agios Athanasios cave, altitude

1160 m 21.V.2014,C.Di Russo and M. Ramp ini leg.

Euboea: Steni Dirfios, Mount Touria, unnamed

cave, 05. VI. 2010, P.M . Giachino and D. Vailati leg.

Peloponnese: Korinthia, Mount Killini, Hermu

cave, 28. IV. 1984, M. Zapparoli leg.; Likouria, un-

named cave, 06. VI. 2008, P. M. Giachino and D.

Vailati leg.; Arcadia, Vitina, Drakotripa, 16. V. 1989,

S. Zoia leg.; Laconia, Areopoli, Limeni,

08.09.1 985, L. Dell'Anna and S. Zoia leg.; Mount

Taygetos, Varvara cave, 02. VI. 2 0 05, P.M . Giachino

and D . Vailati leg .

Subfamily T R O G L O P H IL IN A E

Genus Troglophilus Krauss, 1879

Troglophilus ( Paratroglophilus ) neglectus

K rauss, 187 9

Type locality. Istria, (date, collector and exact

locality not specified) (Krauss, 1 879). This species,

widespread from Southern Austria and North-

eastern Italy to Southern Balkan, was reported also

for a cave near Naousa in Greek Macedonia

(M aran, 1 95 8).

Characters. Male. Size 15-19 mm. Fore, mid

femurs and mid tibia lack of spines. Tergum X char-

acterized by two protruding triangular lobes (Fig.

62). Copulatory organ membranous, triangular in

410

Claudio Di Russo et alii

shape. First article of the metatarsus with 8 spines

on the upper margin (Fig. 63).

Female. Subgenital plate short trapezoidal with

a straightposteriormargin (Fig. 64). Ovipositor 8-

9 mm long with acute apex. The inner valves have

12 denticles (Fig. 65).

Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) cavicola (Koiiar,

1 8 3 3)

Locus ta cavicola K ollar, 18 3 3

Troglophilus cavicola Karny, 19 07

Type locality. Austria, Baden, Schelmenloch

cave. This species, widespread from Southern Aus-

tria and Northeastern Italy to Southern Balkan, is

reported for Greece by Brunner von Wattenwyl

( 1888) from an unnamed cave on Mount Pa rnassos

and by Chopard (1932) from Mount Oiti nearYpati

(W illem se, 19 84).

Characters. Male. Size 15-20 mm. The fore

and mid femurs lack of spines. Species character-

ized by tergum X showing two expanded lobes

rounded at apex and separated by a deep incision

(Fig. 67). Epiphallus evident rather sclerified has

a tipical Y-shape, long and slender, arched, and

acute at the apex. First article of the metatarsus

with 11 spines on the upper marg in (Fig. 68).

Female. Subgenital plate large trapezoidal with

the posterior edge moderately incised (Fig. 69).

Ovipositor elongated and narrow, 9-10 mm long,

rounded at the apex. The inner valves with 16 den-

ticles (Fig . 7 0).

Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) zoiai n. sp.

Examined material. Holotype female: Boeotia,

Arachova (Mount Parnassos), Dragon cave, altitude

1813 m, 23. VI. 1 989, S. Zoia leg.; paratypes: same

locality and date, 2 females. Same locality,

22. V. 2014, C. Di Russo and M. Rampini leg., 2 fe-

males. Other locality: Phocis, Mount Vardousia,

Kokkinias, forest on the northern slope at 1 390 m,

08. VI. 2006, P. M. Giachino and D. Vailati leg., 1

female and several nymphs (MZUR).

Description of Holotypus. Size relatively

small; colour brown, with all the tergites finely

spotted. Tergum X almost narrow, transverse,

slightly concave in the middle (Fig. 72). Legs

rather elongate, fore and mid femora unarmed.

Hind femora with 0/1 short spines on the ventral

margin. Fore tibia with 8/10 spines on both sides

of the ventral margin. Mid tibia with 10 spines on

both sides of the ventral surface and 1/3 short

spines on the dorsal surface. The hind tibia is

longer with 69/75 spines of varying lengths on

both sides of the dorsal surface and 26/3 5 homo-

geneous spines on the ventral margin. First article

of hind tarsus laterally compressed and armed with

9/11 strong spines (Fig. 73). The subgenital plate

is large quite squared with a complete concave pos-

terior margin (Fig. 74). The ovipositor is relatively

short resulting almost entirely enlarged from the

base to the pointed apex; at the bottom the lower

edge appears strongly curved. The inferior valves

are narrow and sclerotized showing 11-12 strong

denticles (Fig. 75). Measurements (in mm): body

14.6; pronotum 4.0; fore femur 9; middle femur 8;

hind femur 15; fore tibia 10; middle tibia 9.0, hind

tibia 18.0; hind tarsus 6.3; l SI article ofhind tarsus

3.2; o v ip o sito r 1 0 .

Etymology. The new species is dedicated to our

friend and colleague Stefano Zoia who collected the

first specimens in 1989.

Biology and Distribution. Troglophile species

inhabiting both natural caves and mountain epigean

habitats. The species is limited to a restricted area

of central Greece (Mount Parnassos and Mount

Vardo u sia) .

Type locality: Dragon cave is located close to

the chapel of the Mountain Refuge in the Parnassos

Ski Centre, (Arachova). The cave is at a height of

1813 m a.s.l. on the western slope of the Mount

Parnassos.

Comparative notes. Troglophilus zoiai n . sp.

differs from the other two Balkan species T. Cavi-

Cola and T. TieglectUS by the large quite squared

subgenital plate with a complete concave posterior

margin. The ovipositor has a typical shape almost

entirely enlarged from the base to the apex. For

these two characters T. zoiai shows a certain affin-

ity with the South Anatolian species T. OZeli

Taylan, Di Russo, Cobolliet Rampini, 2012 and T.

bicakdi Rampini et Di Russo, 2003 (Rampini &

Di Russo, 2003b). The new species differs from

the Aegean species for the lacking of spines on the

fern u rs .

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 1

Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) marinae Ramp ini

et Di Russo, 2 0 03

Type locality. Cyclades Islands, Santorini,

Kamari, Zoodochos cave, 27. V. 2000, M . Rampini,

C. Di Russo leg., 3 males, 7 females. Same local-

ity, 10. IX. 1 9 8 8, M. Cobolli leg., 7 nymphs;

23.X. 1999, M. Cobolli leg., 2 males, 3 females, 1

nymph; 06.IX.1999,M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 1 fe -

male, 5 nymphs; same locality, 02. X. 1 999, M.

Rampini leg., 1 female (MZUR) (Rampini & Di

Russo, 2003a).

Characters. Male. Size 24 mm. Fore and mid

femurs with a series of short spines. Tergum X little

depressed medially, lateral lobes short and slightly

rounded, posterior margin slightly concave in the

middle (Fig. 76). Copulatory organ symmetrical

membranous similar to T. SpinuloSUS. Subgenital

plate wide and trapezoidal in shape with short sub

cylindrical styli. First article of the metatarsus with

5 spines on the upper margin (Fig. 77).

Female. Subgen ital plate wide at the base, trian-

gular and slightly incised at the apex (Fig. 78). Ovipos-

itor wide and short, 10 mm long acute at the apex.

The inner valves with 9 denticles (Fig. 79).

Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) lagoi m enozzi,

1935

Type locality. Southern Aegean, Rhodes,

Afando, Paradiso cave, 1934, C. M enozzi leg., 1

male, 1 female. Kind of type: unspecified primary

type (Menozzi, 1 935).

Other localities known. Rhodes, Mount

Profeta Elia (altitude 802 m) and Mount Attairo (al-

titude 1000 m), 1934, C. Menozzi leg. (Menozzi,

1 935).

Examined material. Rhodes, Rodini Park,

Tolomeo Tomb, 23. V. 1994, M. Rampini leg., 5

males, 11 females; same locality, 1 5 . V III . 1 9 9 4 ,

Rampini, C. Tedeschi leg., 1 male, 2 females, 1

nymph; 10.IV.1995,M.Rampinileg.,2 males, 1 fe-

male; 07. VII. 1996, M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 1 fe-

male; 2 8 .V III. 2002 , C. Di Russo leg., 3 females, 1

nymph (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 15-16 mm. Hind

femur without ventral spines. Tergum X with re-

duced lateral lobes separated by a slight concavity,

medially presents a shorttri angular plate (Fig. 80).

Copulatory organ membranous similar to that of T.

neglectus. Subgenital plate wide and truncated at

the apex with evident sub cylindrical styli. First ar-

ticle of the metatarsus with 8 spines on the upper

margin (Fig. 81). Female. Size 18-19 mm. Sub-

genital plate triangular rounded apically (Fig. 82).

Ovipositor short and wide, 8 mm long. The inner

valves with 8 denticles (Fig. 83).

Troglophilus ( Troglophilus ) spinulosus c hopard,

192 1

Type locality. Crete, Gonia, unnamed cave,

23. III. 1 904, D .M .A . Bate leg., 1 male immature

BM (NH) (Chopard, 1921).

Other localities known. Crete: Dicteon

Andron, 07. V. 1955, K Findberg leg.; Katholiko

cave, 21. IV. 1 955, K Findberg leg.; Achyrospilio

cave, 21. IV. 1 955, K Findberg leg.

Examined material. Crete: Heraklion, Kama-

raki, M arm aro sp ilia , altitude 560 m, 31. III. 1 989,

V. Sbordoni leg., 1 female; Heraklion, Marathos,

Doxa cave, 01. V. 1994, M. Rampini leg., 1 male, 1

female; same locality, 08. VII. 1 995, M. Rampini

leg., 1 male, 2 females; Chania (Akrotiri penin-

sula), Moni Gouvernetou cave, 20. X. 1997, M.

Rampini leg., 1 female; Chania, Katholiko cave,

7. VII. 1 995, M. Rampini leg., 1 female; Fasithi,

Milatos, Milatos cave, 08. VII. 1 995, C. Di Russo

leg., 2 nymphs; Omalos, Fakki, unnamed cave,

07. VII. 1995, C. Di Russo leg., 1 male; Sitia, Micro

Katafigi, 8. VII. 1 995, M. Rampini leg., 1 female;

Adrianos, Zena,Atziganospilios cave, 25. IX. 2005,

F. Gasparo leg., 1 female (MZUR).

Characters. Male. Size 20-21 mm. Fore and

mid femurs with a series of short spines. Tergum X

slightly concave in the middle with two small lateral

lobes (Fig. 84). Subgenital plate trapezoidal with an

indented posterior margin. Styli conical and elon-

gated. Copulatory organ symmetrical membranous.

First article of the metatarsus with 7 spines on the

upper margin (Fig. 85).

Fern ale. Subgen ital plate wide at the base, trian-

gular and slightly bilobated (Fig. 86). Ovipositor

12.5 mm long acute at the apex. The inner valves

have 8 denticles (Fig. 87).

412

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Figures 54, 55 . Dolichopoda CalidflCie : Fig. 54) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 55) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 56, 57. D. kalitheci :

Fig. 56) tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 57) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 58, 59. D. giulicincie : Fig. 58) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 59)

epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 60, 61. D. pClfClskeVU: Fig. 60) tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 61) epiphallus dorsal view. Figs. 62-66.

Troglophilus ( P, I) neglectus: 62) male tergum X dorsal view, 63) male 1 st article of hind tarsus, 64) female subgenital plate, 65)

o vipo si tor w ith inner valve, 66) fern ale tergum X dorsal view. Figs. 67-71. T. (T.) CCLVicolci : 6 7) male tergum X dorsal vie w , 68)

m ale 1 st article of hind tarsus, 69) fern ale subgenital plate, 70) ovipositor w ith inner valve, 71) fem ale tergum X dorsal view.

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 3

Figures 72-75. Troglophilus ( T.) Zoitti n. s p . : Fig. 72) male tergum X dorsal view. Fig. 73) male 1 st article of hind tarsus,

Fig. 74) female subgenital plate, 75) ovipositor with inner valve. Figs. 76-79. T. (T.) fncifincie: Fig. 76) male tergum X dorsal

view. Fig. 77) male 1 st artic le ofhind tarsus, Fig. 78) fern ale subgenital plate. Fig. 79) ovipositor with inner valve. Figs. 80-

8 3. T. (T.) Idgoi. Fig. 80) male tergum X dorsal view, 81) male l st article ofhind tarsus, 82) fern ale subgenital plate, 83) ovi-

positor with inner valve. Figures 84-87. T. {T.) SpinuloSUS: Fig. 84) female tergum X dorsal view, Fig. 85) fern ale 1 st article

of hind tarsus, Fig. 86) female subgenital plate. Fig. 87) ovipositor with inner valve.

414

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Troglophilus sp.

In this section we report the list of the localities

where immature specimens were collected and

deposited in the MZUR collection.

Boeotia: Mount Elikon, Elikonas, altitude 990

m a.s.l., 09. VI. 2005, P. M . Giachino, D. Vailati leg.

Phocis: Stromi, Mayer’s cave, altitude 1 352 m

a.s.l., 07. XII. 2013, C. Di Russo leg., same locality,

22. V. 2014, C. Di Russo leg.; Amfissa, Prosilio,

Agios Athanasios cave, altitude 1160 m a.s.l.,

21. V. 2014, C. Di Russo, M . Rampini leg.

Sou them Sporades: Tilos, 27. III. 1989, R.Argano,

A. Vigna leg.; Kos, Paleo Pyli, cave IV, 25. III. 1989,

V. S bordoni leg .

Eastern Macedonia: Drama, Mount Falakron,

altitude 1 765 m a.s.l., N 41° 18’- E 25° 05’,

20.X/7.XI. 1 992, P. Wolf leg.

In the appendix the key of the R haphidophori-

dae species known for the Greece is reported.

DISCUSSION

At present, 28 species ascribed to the genus

Dolichopoda an d five to the genus Twglophilus are

known for Greece (Table 1). Dolichopoda has a

wide geographic distribution, encompassing most

of Greece, with a large number of species (Fig. 88).

The diversity of the genus in terms of number of

species reaches its peak in the Hellenic region,

where about 50% of the described species (28 of

5 1) are found. This supports the hypothesis that the

ancient Aegean plate was a primary area of disper-

sal for the genus (Ruffo, 1 955).

In Greece, Dolichopodci has been classically

divided on morphological grounds into three sub-

genera: Dolichopoda , Petrochilosina Boudou-Sai-

tet, 1 980 and Chopardina U varov, 1921.

Nevertheless the morphological grounds for the dis-

tinction of Chopardina as a distinct subgenus (pres-

ence of spinulation on the ventral side of the hind

femur) are considered rather weak and of low taxo-

nomic value. In fact, members of this subgenus

show a disjointed geographic distribution with an-

other four species in the Italian Peninsula, Sardinia

and Corsica (Casale et al., 2005). Furthermore, as

outlined by Sbordoni et al. (2005), Chopardina is a

poly phyle tic grouping; the presence of spines on the

hind femur could be strongly influenced by envi-

ronmental factors and their absence represents an

adaptation to cave life. Therefore, as discussed by

us for the Italian species (Rampini & Di Russo,

20 1 2), the division o f Dolichopoda in to subgenera

can be abandoned and only the existence (when

possible) of species groupings sharing some mor-

phological characters should be considered.

The geographic distribution of Dolichopoda in

Greece includes localities in the northwest (Epirus),

several Ionian islands, central Greece, Attica, the

Peloponnese, Macedonia, Thrace, Crete and some

Aegean islands. On the basis of this distribution and

the main morphological characters used in this

study, we can tentatively recognize the following

g ro up in g s (Fig . 8 8):

1. Northeastern species characterized by curved

ridges on tergum X (Figs. 2, 5, 8);

2. Ionian species mostly characterized by ter-

gum X with two pronounced tubercles (Figs. 11, 14,

1 7, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32);

3. Central Greece-N orthern Peloponnese species

characterized by pyramidal tubercles on tergum X

and the basal lobes of the epiphallus wing-shaped

(Figs. 35, 37, 39);

4. Attica species characterized by a bifurcate

epiphallus (Figs. 41, 43, 45, 47, 49);

5. Southern Peloponnese-A egean species with

basal process of the epiphallus poorly developed

and median process quite broad and flattened (Figs.

5 1, 53, 55, 57, 59, 6 1 ). D. thaSOSensis, endemic to

Thasos Island (Thrace), does not fall into any of the

above groups, showing a very peculiar shape of ter-

gum X .

A similar grouping was proposed by Allegrucci

et al. (2 0 0 9), who used sequencing of mitochondrial

genes to infer phylogenetic relationships among

Greek Dolichopoda species.

The altitudinal distribution of Dolichopoda

species in Greece ranges from sea level to 1400 m

a.s.l. for the Korician Andron Cave (Mount Parnas-

sos). Most of the Greek species are geographically

restricted to only one or a few caves (local e n -

demisms). This distribution pattern contrasts with

that of the nine species found along the Italian

Peninsula, most of which have a wider distribution

often including several caves. While we cannot ex-

clude that this contrast might be partially biased by

a general lack of detailed studies on the distribution

of Dolichopoda in continental Greece, the fact re-

mains that a number of Ionian and Aegean insular

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 5

geographic region/

species

Mace-

donia

Thes-

saly

Thasos

Epirus

Ionian

Isl.

A.Acar-

nania

Greece

Pelo-

ponnese

Spora-

des

Cycla-

des

Rhodes

Crete

DOLICHOPODA

D. hussoni

D. rernyi

D. annae

D. thasosensis

D. graeca

D. kiriakii

D. steriotisi

D. gasparoi

D. giachinoi

D. ithakii

D. pavesii

D. patrizii

D. lustriae

D. matsakisi

D. dalensi

D. vandeli

D. insignis

D. petrochilosi

D. makrikapa

D. cassagnaui

D. ochtoniai

D. saraolakosi

D. unicolor

D. naxia

D. calidnae

D. kalithea

D. giulianae

D. paraskevii

TROGLOPHILUS

T. (P.) neglectus (?)

T. (T.) zoiai

T. (T.) marinae

T. (T.) lagoi

T. (T.) spinulosus

Table 1. List ofRhaphidophoridae presently known in Greece. (?) refers to the uncertain

presence of T. (P.) neglectUS in Greece.

416

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Figure 88. Geographic distribution of Dolichopoda in Greece. Black circle: present distribution of

known species; asterisk: Dolichopoda sp.; the numbers refer to the geographic grouping of the species.

Figure 89. Geographic distribution of TwglophilllS in Greece. Black circle: present distribution

of known species; asterisk: TwglophiluS sp.; white circle: localities of historical records.

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 7

species are naturally restricted to small islands. Fur-

thermore, the therm o-xerophilic climate character-

izing most of the southern Balkan Peninsula and the

high fragmentation of the karstic areas in Greece

could have played an important role in preventing

gene flow among cave cricket populations, leading

to strong isolation and ultimately multiple local spe-

ciation events. This scenario is further supported by

the fact that all the G reek Dolichopodci species are

highly dependent on caves, as indicated by a suite

of m o rp ho -p h y sio lo g ic al traits. The hind femur/

pronotum length ratio, commonly used as a mea-

sure of cave specialization (Leroy, 1967; Di Russo

& Sbordoni, 1998), is on average 6.7, substantially

higher than the corresponding values for other

groups of species (5.91 for Italian peninsular species

and 4.67 for the trans-Caucasian species).

O n ly tw o of th e fiv e species of TwglophiluS are

present in continental Greece, with a very scattered

geographic distribution including a few mountain

localities of Nor them and CentralGreece (Fig. 89).

The remaining three species are widespread

throughout Crete and some Aegean islands. As re-

ported in the previous taxonomic list, T. cavicolu

and T. neglectus, two typical Balkan species, are

cited for single localities in the continental part of

Greece. However, on the basis of our investigations

and the results reported herein, we would refer the

historical records of T. CCtvicolct for Mount Parnas-

sos (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888) and Mount Oiti

(Chopard, 1932) to the new species T. ZOicii, here

described from the Dragon Cave on the slope

of Mount Parnassos and from the nearby Mount

Vardousia.

The new species can be readily distinguished

from T. cavicola by the shape of the female sub-

genital plate and ovipositor. Furthermore, the fe-

male tergum X lacks the two expansions typical of

b o th T. neglectus (F ig . 6 6 ) an d T. cavicola (F ig . 7 1 ) .

On the other hand, according to the illustration of

the male tergum X reported by M aran (1 95 8), the

record of T. UegleCtUS from Naousa should probably

be assigned to T. ZOTae, recently described for some

localities in Macedonia and Serbia (Karaman et al.,

2012). All the Aegean species form a homogeneous

group inhabiting caves on the islands of Crete, San-

torini and Rhodes and sharing some morphological

characters with the southern Anatolian species such

as the shape of the male tergum X and the female

ovipositor. However, they are all clearly differen-

tiated by the shape of the female subgenital plate

and, as in the case of T. SpinuloSUS and T. marinae ,

the femur armed with a series of spines. The latter

character is also present in one Anatolian species,

T. ferzenensis, recently described for Southern

Turkey (Taylan et al., 2012). Interestingly the two

genera Dolichopodci and TwglophiluS inhabit the

same caves in some localities of Crete, e.g. the

Milatos and A tz ig an 0 sp ilio s caves in the eastern

part of the island. As reported in a phylogenetic anal-

ysis conducted on most of the known species (Ket-

maier et al., 2002, 20 1 2), all the Aegean species of

TwglophiluS cluster in a basal monophyletic clade.

This suggests, as already found in Dolichopodci , a

first center of dispersal corresponding to the ancient

Aegean plate. Karaman et al. (2012) reached the

same conclusion but also hypothesized a second

center of dispersal in the northern part of the Balkan

Peninsula (Macedonia and Serbia).

APPENDIX

Key of the Greek Rhaphidophoridae

1 M eta tarsus of the hind legs w ith an apical spine.. 2

Metatarsus of the hind legs without an apical

spine; hind legs and palps very

long Gen. Dolichopoda

2 Knees of the hind and middle legs without a mo-

bile spine Gen. TwglophiluS

Genus Dolichopoda

1 Hind femur with numerous spines (20-25) on

ventral edge 2

Hind femur without spines on ventral

edge 3

2 Tergum X with two enlarged tubercles; basal

process of epiphallus w ing-shaped...Z). lustriae

Tergum X with two pronounced rounded ridges;

epiphallus long with acute apex D. rernyi

3 Epiphallus bifid at the apex 4

Epiphallus not bifid at the apex, long and cylin-

drical, basal process developed 5

Epiphallus not bifid, quite flattened, basal process

poorly developed 6

418

Claudio Di Russo et alii

4 Rounded tergum IX covering tergum X

D. vandeli

Trapezoidal tergum IX covering tergum X; lat-

eral lobes of tergum X truncate at the

apex D. petrochilosi

Trapezoidal tergum IX covering tergum X; lat-

eral lobes of tergum X acute at the

apex D. makrikapa

Tergum IX with long process rounded at the

apex, epiphallus large and flattened with a

wide bifurcation at the apex D. insigllis

Epiphallus short, massive, with a typical X-

shape D. cassagnaui

5 Tergum X with two evident tubercles of differ-

ent shape 7

Tergum X with elevated ridges 8

6 Epiphallus quite wide and flattened, tergum X

w ith rounded lateral lobes D. UTlicolOT

Tergum X with squared lobes D. gililioTLOe

Tergum X with triangular lobes..../). pOTOskevii

Tergum X with triangular lobes separated by a

large concavity D. kolitheo

Tergum X with short triangular lobes, epiphallus

moderately wide and flattened, rounded at

the apex D. Yiaxio

Tergum X with large triangular lobes, epiphallus

moderately wide and flattened, acute at the

apex D. calidnae

7 Tergum X with two evident conical tubercles,

epiphallus large at the base D. gTOCCO

Tergum X with two conical tubercles connected

by a crest D. giochinoi

Tergum X with two small conical tubercles,

epiphallus slender and acute at the

apex I). steriotisi

Tergum X with two larger conical tubercles,

subgenital plate w ithout styli D. itJlClkii

Tergum X with two cylindrical tubercles,

epiphallus large at the base D. kiriokii

Tergum X with two cylindrical tubercles,

squared lateral lobes D. pOVesii

Tergum X with two pyramidal tubercles and

squared lobes, basal lobes of epiphallus poorly

developed and wing-shaped D. Iliotsokisi

Tergum X with two pyramidal tubercles, trape-

zoidal lobes with sinuous posterior margins,

basal lobes of epiphallus well developed ...

D. dalensi

8 Tergum X with two folded ridges, tergum IX

deeply incised D. 00006

Tergum X with two curved ridges, epiphallus

thin and acute D. hllSSOVli

Tergum X with two small crests linking the pos-

terior edges of the lateral lobes ...D. gO.spO.Toi

* Due to the lack of recent material useful for a

correct comparison with the other species, D.

thoSOSensis is not included in this key.

Genus Troglophilus

1 Middle tibia with spines on the dorsal side

Subgenus Troglophilus 2

Middle tibia without spines on the dorsal side;

tergum X characterized by two protruding

triangular lobes, copulatory organ membra-

nous, triangular in shape, first article of the

m etatarsus w ith 8 spines on the upper m arg in ;

female subgenital plate short and trapezoidal,

ovipositor 8-9 mm long with acute apex and

12 denticles on the inner valves

T. ( Paratroglophilus ) neglectus

2 Fore and middle femora with a series of short

spines 4

3 Fore and middle femora without short spines

Male tergum X short with reduced lateral lobes

separated by a slight concavity, first article of

the me ta tarsus with 8 spines on the upper mar-

gin; female subgenital plate triangular and

rounded apically, ovipositor 8 mm long with

8 denticles on the inner valves.... T. (T.) logoi

Female subgenital plate squared with a concave

posterior margin, ovipositor relatively short

(10 mm) and almost entirely enlarged with

11-12 strong denticles on the inner valves

T. (T.) zoiai

Southern Balkan Rhaphidophoridae diversity (Orthoptera) with the description of a new species of Troglophilus 4 1 9

4 M ale tergum X short, first article of metatarsus

with 5 spines on the upper margin; female

subgenital plate triangular, wide at the base

and slightly incised at the apex, ovipositor

wide, 10 mm long with 9 denticles on the

inner valves T. ( T. ) JflCirinClC

Male tergum X short with a wide concavity in

the middle, first article of the metatarsus with

7 spines on the upper margin; female subgen-

ital plate triangular, slightly bilobate, ovipos-

itor 12.5 long with 8 denticles on the inner

valves T. (T.) spinulosus

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are very grateful to all the people that contrib-

uted to this study. In particular we thank Sotiris Alex-

iou (Wild Greece Editions,Athens, Greece), R ob erto

Argano (DepartmentofBiology and Bio technology

“C . Darwin”, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”,

Italy) , Francesco Ballarin (Museum ofNaturalHis-

tory, Verona, Italy), L uigi D ell’ A nna (R eg ione L azio ,

Rome, Italy), Laure Desutter (National Museum of

N atural History, Paris, France), Pier M auro Giachino

(Torino, Italy), Leonardo Late 11a (Museum of N atural

History, Verona, Italy), Lucilla Lustri (Speleo Club

Roma, Italy), Giorgio Pintus (Speleo Club Roma,

Italy), Alessandro Roverelli (Telecom Italia s.p.a.,

Rome), Valerio Sbordoni (Department of Biology,

University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy), Augusto

Vigna Taglianti (Zoological Museum of the Univer-

sity of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Italy), Josef Turn brinck

(NABU-NRW, Dussendorlf, Germany), Dante

Vailati (Brescia, Italy), M arzio Zapparoli (Tuscia

University, Viterbo, Italy), Stefano Zoia (Milano,

Italy). Finally we thank Valerio Ketmaier (Depart-

ment of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”,

University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Italy) and Bruno

Massa (Department of Agricultural Sciences and

Forestry, University ofPalermo, Italy), for the useful

comments to the manuscript.

REFERENCES

Allegrucci G., Rampini M., Gratton P., Todisco V. &

Sbordoni V., 2009. Testing phylogenetic hypotheses

for reconstructing the evolutionary history of

Dolichopoda cave crickets in the eastern Mediter-

ranean. Journal of B io g e o g ra p h y , 3 6: 1 785- 1 797.

doi: 10. 1111 /j. 1365-2699. 2 009.0 2130. x

Boudou-SaltetP., 1970. Les Dolichopodes (Orth. Rhaph.)

de Grece. II. Une nouvelle espece: D. VCindcli. B i-

ologia g alio -h ellen ic a, 3: 89-97.

Boudou-SaltetP., 1971a. Les Dolichopodes de Grece. III.

Dolichopoda cassagnaui n. sp., B ulletin de la Societe

d'Histoire naturelle de Toulouse, 107: 295-300.

Boudou-Saltet P., 197 1b. Les Dolichopodes de Grece. IV.

Decouverte de la fem elle de D. insigflis Chop., Bul-

letin de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle de Toulouse,

107: 615-618.

Boudou-Saltet P., 1 972a. Les Dolichopodes (Orth.

Rhaph.) de Grece. V. Deux nouvelles especes:

Dolichopoda naxia et D. steriotisi. Bioiogia gaiio-

hellenica, 4: 99-1 08.

Boudou-Saltet P., 1972b. Les Dolichopodes (Orth.

Rhaph.) de Grece. VII. Nouvelles especes du Pelo-

ponnese. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle

de Toulouse, 1 08: 420-425.

Boudou-Saltet P., 1973a. Les Dolichopodes (Orth.

Rhaph.) de Grece. VI, D. annae , nouvelle espece de

Thessalie. Bioiogia g alio -h elle n ic a, 4: 1 69-1 74.

Boudou-Saltet P., 1973b. Les Dolichopodes (Orth.

Rhaph.) de Grece. VIII. Nouvelles especes de Crete.

Bioiogia gallo-hellen ica, 5: 5 7-63.

Boudou-Saltet P., 1978. Sur les Troglophiles (Orth. C a v -

ernicoles) de Crete. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire

Naturelle de Toulouse, 114: 115-121.

Boudou-Saltet P., 1980. Les Dolichopodes (Orth. Rhaph.)

de Grece. IX. Une espece nouvelle en Eubee: D.

makrykapa. Bioiogia gallo-hellenica, 9: 1 23-1 34.

Boudou-Saltet P., 1 983. Sur les Dolichopoda (Orth.

Rhaph.) du sous-genre PctWCllHosifia. Me moire de

B iospeleologie, 1 0: 32 1 -323.

Brunner von Watte nwyl C., 1888. Monographic der

Stenopelmatiden und Gryllacriden. Verhandlungen

der K aiserlich-K oniglichen Zoologisch-B otanischen

G e se llsch aft, 38: 298-299.

Casale A., Rampini M., Di Russo C. & Delitala G.M.,

2005 . Dolichopoda muceddai r amp ini & Di Russo,

nuova specie di una famiglia di Ortotteri nuova per

la Sardegna (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae). Bollet-

tino della Societa entom ologica Italiana, 1 37: 75-92.

Chopard L., 1921. Description d'une espece nouvelle du

genre Troglophilus (Orth. Phasgonuridae). Bullettin

de la Societe entom ologique de France, 1921: 147-

15 1 .

Chopard L., 1932. Les orthopteres cavern icoles de la

faune paleartique. Archives de Zoologie Experimen-

tale et generale, 74: 263-286.

Chopard L., 1934. Diagnoses d ’O rth op tere s cavernicoles

nouveaux. Bullettin de la Societe entom ologique de

France, 39: 1 37- 1 39.

420

Claudio Di Russo et alii

Chopard L., 1954. Contribution a l'etude des Orthopteres

c a v e rn ic o le s . Notes b io s p e o lo g iq u e s , 9: 27-36.

Chopard F., 1 955. Les Dolichopodes de Grece. Notes

b io sp eo lo giq ue s, 10: 31-34.

Chopard L. 1964. Description d ’O rthop teres cavernicoles

de Grece. Bullettin de la Societe entom ologique de

France, 69: 17-20.

Di Russo C. & Sbordoni V., 1 998. G ry llac rid o id e a . In:

Juberthie C ., Decu V. (Eds.), Encyclopedia Biospele-

ologica, Vol. II, Moulis, Bucarest, pp. 989-1001.

Di Russo C. & Rampini M ., 2014. New record of

Dolichopoda from Northern Iran (O rthop tera,

R h aph id opho rid ae). Fragmenta entom ologica, Roma,

45: 1-3.

Eades D.C., Otte D., Cigliano M.M. & Braun H., 2014.

OSF: Orthoptera Species File Online (version

5. 0/5.0). http :/Orthoptera.S peciesFile.org.

Galvagni A., 2002. Una nuova DolicllOpodci ( s. str.) di

Grecia: D. pCIVesi n. sp. dell’isola di Kefallenia

(Insecta Orthoptera Rhaphidophoridae). Atti dell'

Accademia Roveretana degliAgiati, a. 252, ser. VIII,

vol. II, B : 5-16.

Karaman I., Hammouti N., Pavicevic D., Kiefer A.,

Horvatovic M. & Seitz A., 2012. The genus

Troglophilus Krauss, 1 879 (Orthoptera: Rhaphi-

dophoridae) in the West Balkans. Zoological Journal

of the Finnean Society, 1 63: 1 035-1063.

Ketmaier V., Cobolli M ., De M atthaeis E. & Rampini M .,

2002. Biochemical system atics and patterns of gene-

tic divergence between the TwglophilllS species of

Crete and Rhodes (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae).

Belgian Journal of Zoology, 130 (supplement): 49-

53.

Ketmaier V., Di Russo C., Rampini M. & Cobolli M.,

20 12. The cave crickets genus TwglophilllS (Or-

thoptera, R haphidophoridae) a combination of vica-

riance and dispersal drove diversification in the East

Mediterranean area. 21st International Con fere nee on

Subterranean Biology, 2-7 September 2012, Kosice,

Slovakia. Abstract book, p. 56.

Kollaros D., Paragam ian K. & Fegakis A., 1991. Revi-

sion of the genus TwglophilllS (Orthoptera, Rhaphi-

dophoridae) in Crete, Greece. International Journal

of Speleology, 20: 37-45.

Krauss H., 1879. Die O rthopteren -Fauna 1st lie ns, S it -

zungs-berichte der Osterreichischen Akademie der

W is- senschaften. M a th em atisch -N a tu rw issen sch af-

tliche Klasse (Abte.l). 1, 78: 45 1-542.

Feroy Y . , 1967. Gryllides et Gryllacrides cavernicoles.

Annales de Speleologie, 22: 659-722.

M aran J.,1958. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Geographis-

chen Variabilitat von TwglophilllS liegleCtllS Krauss.

Orthoptera Rhaphidophoridae. Acta Entom ologica

Musei Nationalis Pragae, 32: 387-393.

M enozzi C., 1935. Nuovi contributi alia conoscenza della

fauna delle isole italiane deU’Egeo. IV. Una nuova

specie di TvOglophiluS Krauss di Rodi (Orthoptera-

Phasgonuridae). Bollettino del Faboratorio di Zoolo-

gia Generate e Agraria, 28: 1 92-1 96.

Rampini M . & Di Russo C., 2003a. Una nuova specie del

gen ere TwglophilllS Krauss, 1879 (Orthoptera,

Rhaphidophoridae) delle Cicladi. Grecia. Bollettino

del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 27,

Botanica Zoologia: 23-29.

RampiniM. & Di Russo C. ,2003b. Una nuova specie di

TwglophilllS di Turchia (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophori-

dae). Fragmenta entom ologica, 34: 235-247.

Rampini M., Di Russo C., Pavesi F. & Cobolli M., 2008.

The genus DolicllOpodci in Greece. A characters of

new species from the Ionian Regions and Peloponnese

(Orthoptera,Rhaphidophoridae).Zootaxa, 1923: 1-17.

Rampini M., Di Russo C., Taylan M.S., Gelosa A. &

Cobolli M ., 2012. Four new species of DolicllOpodci

Bolivar 1 880, from Southern Sporades and Western

Turkey (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae, Dolichopo-

da i n a e ) . ZooKeys, 201: 43-58.

Rampini M. & Di Russo C ., 2012. Famiglia Rhaphi-

dophoridae Walker, 1871. In: M assa B ., Fontana P.,

Buzzetti F.M ., Kleukers R. & Ode B ., 2012

(Eds.). Fauna d ’ Italia. Orthoptera. Vol. 48. Calderini.

Bologna, pp. 312-327.

Ruffo S., 1 955. Fe attuali conoscenze della fauna caver-

nicola della regione pugliese. Memorie di Bio-

geografia A driatica, 3 : 1-143.

Sbordoni V., Allegrucci G. & Cesaroni D., 2005. Popu-

lation structure of cave organisms. In: D. Culver and

W. White (Eds.) “The Encyclopedia of Caves”, Else-

vier Academic Press, pp. 447-455.

Taylan M.S., Di Russo C., Cobolli M. & Rampini M.,

2012. New species of the genus TwglophilllS Krauss,

1 879 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) from Western

and Southern Anatolian caves, Turkey. Zootaxa,

3597: 33-40.

Werner F., 1927. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna

Griechen lands (Reptilia-Amphibia-Scorpiones-Or-

thoptera-Isoptera-Apterygota).ZoologischerAnzeiger,

70: 1 35-1 5 1.

W illem se F., 1 984. Fauna Graeciae I. Catalogue of the

Orthoptera of Greece. Hellenic Zoological Society,

Athens, (pp. 88-92), 275 pp.

Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 421-424

On the presence of Buprestis ( Ancylocheim ) cupressi Germar,

1817 (Coleoptera Buprestidae) in Sicily, Italy

Calogero Muscarella

Cooperativa Silene, Via D’Ondes Reggio 8A Scala G, 90127 Palermo, Italy; e-mail: calogero@silenecoop.org

ABSTRACT Buprestis (Ancylocheim) cupressi Germar, 1817 (Coleoptera Buprestidae) had already been

reported in the past for Sicily (Italy), but it had been excluded from more recent catalogues

because of lack of evidence. In the present paper the occurrence of the species in Sicily is

confirmed by some findings in Vendicari (Siracusa province). Moreover, it is emphasized

the importance of the dunal environments of Vendicari as regards the preservation of the

insect fauna.

KEY WORDS distribution; Buprestidae; Sicily.

Received 04.08.2013; accepted 31.08.2014; printed 30.09.2014

INTRODUCTION

Buprestis (Ancylocheim) cupressi Germar,

1817 (Coleoptera Buprestidae) is a species with an

East European geographical range (cf. Kuban,

2005), already known in Italy for Liguria, Veneto,

Friuli Venezia Giulia, Latium, Campania, Apulia,

Basilicata and Tuscany (Porta, 1929; Luigioni,

1929; Gerini, 1953; Gobbi, 1970; 1983; Curletti,

1984; 2006).

Regarding Sicily, there were only old, generic

and never proved reports (Bertolini De, 1 872; 1 899;

Heyden et al., 1883, 1891; Porta, 1929).

B. cupressi was first mentioned for Sicilian

fauna in the “Catalogo sinonimico e topografico dei

coleotteri d'ltalia” by Bertolini (1872: sub Ancylo-

chira cupressi Germ., Si[cilia]). Bertolini, in his

work (1872), refers to Sicily as the only Italian

region where B. cupressi can be found, wrongly

mentioning or even overlooking the type locality

indicated by O.G. Costa (1839) for Ancylochira

mutabilis. Describing this species, later reduced to

synonymy with B. cupressi by Kraatz (1857), O.G.

Costa (1839) indicates San Cataldo near Lecce as

the collection area: “ Trovasi sul Giunipero Sabina

presso Lecce. L’ho raccolta nelle macchie di S.

Cataldo .. .”

De Marseul (1865) wrongly cites the location

area indicated by O.G. Costa (1839) reporting:

“ Terre d’Otrante, Sabina pres Lecce, sur le

Genevrier” ; in fact in Costa’s note “ Sabina ” is

not a location near Lecce but refers to “ Giunipero

Sabina ” which is the Cupressacea Juniperus sabina

L. (see also Ragusa, 1893).

Ragusa already thought that Bertolini’s record,

used by Heyden et al. (1883, 1891) as well, could

be the outcome of a misunderstanding; in fact in his

“Catalogo ragionato dei Coleotteri di Sicilia”

(1893) he wrote: “... Nel catalogo del de Bertolini

e in quello di Berlino [Catalogus Coleopterorum

Europae: Caucasi Et Armeniae Rossicae” di Hey-

den et al., 1891], troviamo pure la B. cupressi Ger-

mar al sinonimo mutabilis Costa, citata di Sicilia.

Dubito sia un errore avendola il de Marseul citata

422

Calogero Muscarella

di Italia, solamente di Sabina, presso Lecce” .

Ragusa (1904) confirmed his opinion later “ Dissi

gia (cat. rag.) che / ’Ancylochira cupressi Germ.fu

citata di Sabina presso Lecce e non di Sicilia ”.

These observations were acknowledged by Lui-

gioni (1929) who removed B. cupressi from Sicilian

fauna, but not by Porta (1929) who insisted report-

ing the species for Sicily. Later, other authors men-

tioned B. cupressi for Sicily (see also Zocchi, 1956;

Acatay, 1961; Browne, 1968), we don’t know

whether according to the original wrong report or

to never recorded evidence.

Currently, B. cupressi is excluded from the more

recent catalogues for lack of sure evidence (Curletti,

1984; 2006; Gobbi & Platia, 1995; Curletti et al.,

2003; Kuban & Bily, 2004; Kuban, 2005). In the

present paper we report new findings of the species

in the “Riserva Naturale Orientata Oasi Faunistica”

of Vendicari (Siracusa, Sicily, Italy).

Buprestis (Ancylocheira) cupressi Germar,

1817 in Sicily

Examined material. Italy, Sicily, Siracusa,

Vendicari, Lat. 36°48T3"N, Long. 15°5'49"E,

19.VII.20 14, leg./coll. C. Muscarella; idem,

26.VII.2014 leg./coll. I. Sparacio.

The specimens (Fig. 1) were collected in-flight

or on the juniper foliage (Fig. 2), in the sun, during

the hottest hours of the day, behind the coastal

dunes in Vendicari (Siracusa, Sicily, Italy). This en-

vironment is characterized by the “macchia-foresta”

Figure 1 (upper). Buprestis {Ancylocheira) cupressi from

Vendicari, Sicily, Italy. Figure 2 (right). Juniperus oxycedrus

L. ssp. macrocarpa (Sibth & Sm.) Ball, from Vendicari,

Sicily, Italy (photo by Michele Torrisi).

(maquis-forest) vegetation, with a prevailing occur-

rence of Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa

(Sibth & Sm.) Ball., Pistacia lentiscus L. and

Ephedra fragilis (Federico, 2006). This is the typi-

cal habitat in Italy for B. cupressi (Tassi, 1 962),

mostly comprising the thick shrubs of Juniperus ,

main source of nourishment for the species both at

its larval and adult stage (Gobbi, 1986). Anyway,

B. cupressi also adapted to various allochthonous

plant species including Cupressus sp. and Cedrus

sp. (Zocchi, 1956; Tassi, 1962; Gobbi, 1970; 1986),

widely spread as ornamental in parks and cemeter-

ies, thus moving far away from its usual Mediter-

ranean area (Gobbi, 1986; 1992).

Targeted studies on both cypress grooves and

suitable habitats in Sicily, aimed at collecting B.

cupressi specimens, have given negative results

until now (Sparacio com. pers). The cause of this

supposed rarefaction of the species can be found

both in demographic fluctuations, due to pullutants

able to cause serious damage to cultivated Cupres-

sacee (Zocchi, 1956; Acatay, 1961; Browne, 1968;

Covassi et al., 1998), and, mostly, in the degrada-

tion of the typical habitat.

The phytocenosis of Ephedro-Juniperetum

macrocarpae Bartolo, Brullo et Marceno 1982, was

typical of the dunal system in almost all Sicilian

sandy shores until the first half of 1900, but it has

been gradually destroyed and reduced into small

relict areas (Riggio & Massa,1975; Lapiana &

Sparacio, 2008) by the massive anthropic interfer-

ence and the overbuilding of the shores.

The finding of B. cupressi confirms then the im-

portance of Vendicari reserve as a refuge area for

On the presence of Buprestis (Ancylocheira) cupressi Germar, 1817 (Coleoptera Buprestidae) in Sicily, Italy 423

many umbrella-species of insects - elsewhere hea-

vily decreasing (Sabella, 1993; Bella et al., 2009;

Petralia, 2010). Moreover, it plays an important role

in the characterization of this important fauna of

biotope, being B. cupressi, as already stated before,

connected to juniper, one of the most typical and

most threatened plants of the Sicilian dunal system,

for its life cycle.

CONCLUSIONS

Present documented evidence let us include B.

cupressi among the Sicilian buprestid fauna, for

which the Buprestis Linnaeus, 1758 genus is repre-

sented in Sicily also by B. ( Ancylocheira ) haemor-

rhoidalis araratica Marseul, 1 865, B. ( Ancylocheira )

novemmaculata Linnaeus, 1767 and B. {Buprestis)

aetnensis Baviera et Sparacio, 2002 (Curletti, 1984;

Gobbi & Platia, 1995; Curletti, 2006).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am very grateful to Ignazio Sparacio (Palermo,

Italy) for support in the field and during the prepa-

ration of this paper. I am also grateful to Maurizio

Gigli (Rome, Italy), Maria Teresa Calafato (Nonan-

tola, Italy), Michele Torrisi and Michele and Fede-

rico Antibo (Palermo, Italy).

REFERENCES

Acatay A., 1961. Uber einige Zedernschadlinge in der

Tiirkei. Anzeigerfur Schadlingskunde, 34: 1-6.

Bella S., Parenzan P. & Russo R, 2009. 1 Macrolepidot-

teri della Riserva Naturale Regionale di Vendicari

(Sicilia Sud-orientale). Contributi alia conoscenza

della lepidotterofauna siciliana XI. Entomologica,

Bari, 41 (2008-2009): 113-193.

Bertolini De S., 1872. Catalogo sinonimico e topografico

dei coleotteri d'ltalia. Tipografia cenniniana, Firenze,

116 pp.

Bertolini S., 1899. Catalogo dei Coleotteri d’ltalia. Riv-

ista italiana di Scienze Naturali, Siena, 144 pp.

Browne F.G., 1968. Animals as pests of forest plantation

trees. In: Brown F.G. (Ed.), Pests and diseases of

forest plantation trees: an annotated list of the prin-

cipal species occurring in the British Commonwealth.

Clarendon Press, Oxford, 729 pp.

Costa O.G., 1839. Degli insetti nuovi e rari della provin-

cia di Terra d'Otranto. Atti della Reale Accademia

delle Scienze, Napoli, IV: 5-19. [1827]

Covassi M.V., Roversi P.F. & Binazzi A., 1998. Diffu-

sione e risposte adattative di insetti xilofagi nel mu-

tato quadro fitosanitario di Cupressus sempervirens.

In: “II nostro amico cipresso”, Giornata di studio e

aggiornamento sulle avversita del Cupressus semper-

virens L., Firenze, 14 maggio 1998, Annali Ac-

cademia Italiana Scienze Forestali, 46: 77-91.

Curletti G., 1984. I Buprestidi d’ltalia. Catalogo Tasso-

nomico, Sinonimico, Biologico, Geonemico. Mono-

grafie di Natura Bresciana, 19, Ed. Vannini, Brescia,

318 pp.

Curletti G., 2006. Coleoptera Buprestidae. In: Stoch F.

(Ed.), 2000-2006. CKmap for Windows. Version 5.3.

Ministry for Environment, Territory and Sea, Nature

Protection Directorate, http://ckmap.faunaitalia.it

Curletti G., Rastelli M., Rastelli S. & Tassi F., 2003.

Coleotteri Buprestidi d’ltalia. Piccole Faune. Museo

Civico di Storia Naturale di Carmagnola (Torino) e

Progetto Biodiversita Comitato Parchi - Centro Studi

(Roma), CD-ROM.

Federico C., 2006. La flora della riserva naturale di Ven-

dicari. Industria grafica T. Sarcuto, Agrigento, 222 pp.

Gerini F., 1953. Note sui Buprestidi italiani I. Bollettino

della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 82: 85-91.

Gobbi G., 1970. Contributo alia conoscenza dei Coleot-

teri Buprestidi d'ltalia (Col. Buprestidae). Bollettino

dell'Associazione Romana di Entomologia, 25: 35-

45.

Gobbi G., 1983. Interessanti reperti di buprestidi italiani e

diagnosi di Anthaxia liae n. sp. Coleoptera, Bupresti-

dae. Bollettino dell'Associazione Romana di Ento-

mologia, 36: 33-41.

Gobbi G., 1986. Le piante ospiti dei Buprestidi italiani.

Primo quadro d’insieme (Coleoptera: Buprestidae).

Fragmenta entomologica, 19: 169-265.

Gobbi G., 1992. I Buprestidi del Lazio. Bollettino dell'

Associazione Romana di Entomologia, 47:39-74.

Gobbi G. & Platia G., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga VII

(Elateroidea, Buprestoidea). In: Minelli A., Ruffo S.

& La Posta S. (Eds.), Checklist delle specie della

fauna italiana, 52. Calderini, Bologna.

Heyden L. von, Reitter E. & Weise J., 1883. Catalogus

Coleopterorum Europae et Caucasi. Editio tertia.

London, Edw. Janson; Berlin, Nicolai; Paris, Buquet.

228 pp.

Heyden L. von, Reitter E. & Weise J., 1891. Catalogus

Coleopterorum Europae, Caucasi et Armeniae

Rossicae. Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn; Modling,

Edmund Reitter; Caen, Revue d’Entomologie, VIII

+ 420 pp.

Kraatz G., 1857. Synonymische Bemerkungen. Berliner

entomologische Zeitschrift, 1: 175-180.

424

Calogero Muscarella

Kuban V., 2005. Buprestidae (Buprestinae without

Anthaxiini). In: Lobl I. & A. Smetana A. (Eds.):

Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 3. S ten-

strap, Apollo Books, pp. 381-388.

Kuban V. & Bily S., 2004. Fauna Europaea: Buprestidae.

In: Alonso-Zarazaga M.A. (Ed.), Fauna Europaea:

Coleoptera 1. Fauna Europea Version 1.0,

http://www.faunaeur.org [Accessed 1 VIII 2014].

Lapiana F. & Sparacio I., 2008. Lo studio degli insetti

nella valutazione della naturalita degli ambienti

dunali costieri in Sicilia: Coleoptera e Orthoptera. II

Naturalista siciliano, 22: 411^434.

Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’ltalia. Catalogo sinon-

imico, topografico-bibliografico. Memorie della Pon-

tificia Accademia delle Scienze - 1 Nuovi Lincei, 13,

1160 pp.

Marseul de S.A., 1865. Monographic des buprestides

d’Europe, du nord de l’Afrique et de l’Asie.

L’Abeille, Memoires d’Entomologie 2, 540 pp.

Petralia A. (cur.), 2010. Area Protetta di Vendicari. Atti

del Convegno celebrativo per il 35° anno di fon-

dazione dell’Ente Fauna Siciliana (“Case Cittadella”,

Vendicari - Noto, 25-26 ottobre 2008). Due Elle

Grafica & Stampa, Siracusa, 432 pp.

Porta A., 1929. Fauna Coleopterorum italica. Vol.III,

Diversicornia. Stabilimento tipografico Piacentino,

Piacenza, 466 pp.

Ragusa E., 1893. Catalogo ragionato dei Coleotteri di Si-

cilia (Buprestidae). II Naturalista siciliano, 12: 289-301.

Ragusa E., 1904. Osservazioni su alcuni Coleotteri di Si-

cilia, notati o omessi nel nuovo Catalogo dei Coleot-

teri d'ltalia del Dott. Stefano Bertolini (Siena 1899).

II Naturalista siciliano, 17: 1-8.

Riggio S. & Massa B., 1975. Problemi di conservazione

della natura in Sicilia. 1° contributo per un'analisi

della degradazione ambientale ed elenco delle aree

dell'isola di maggiore interesse naturalistico. Atti IV

Simposio nazionale Conservazione della Natura,

Bari, 2: 299-425.

Sabella G., 1993. I Coleotteri Pselafidi della riserva

naturale di Vendicari. Atti e Memorie dell’Ente Fauna

Siciliana, 1: 79-94.

Tassi F., 1962. Appunti per una migliore conoscenza dei

Coleotteri Buprestidi del Fazio. Bollettino dell'Asso-

ciazione romana di Entomologia, 17: 25-27.

Zocchi R., 1956. Insetti del Cipresso. I. II Gen. Phloeosi-

nus Chap. (Coleoptera Scolytidae) in Italia. Redia,

41: 129-225.

Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 425-428

A new record of the Red swamp crayfish, Pro cambarus dark

(Girard, 1 852) (Crustacea Cambaridae), in Sicily, Italy

Chiara Di Leo, Francesco Paolo Faraone & Mario LoValvo*

Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123

Palermo, Italy

■"Corresponding author, e-mail: mario.lovalvo@unipa.it

ABSTRACT The Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), is a decapod crustacean native

of the United States and Northern Mexico that was introduced in several countries of the

world. This species are known to have detrimental effects on invaded ecosystems. The Red

swamp crayfish was found for the first time in Sicily in 2012, inside the Nature Reserve “Lago

Preola e Gorghi Tondi” (Trapani province). This paper describes the discovery of a second

population of this species at the “Rosamarina” reservoir (Palermo province), whose origin

appears to be independent of the first one. This new finding emphasizes the need for extensive

survey in Sicily and the development of an adequate action plan for containment or eradication

of this species.

KEY WORDS monitoring; wildlife management; protected areas; mapping.

Received 06.08.2013; accepted 26.08.2014; printed 30.09.2014

INTRODUCTION

The Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii

(Girard, 1852), is a decapod crustacean belonging

to the Cambaridae family; it is native to the South-

ern and Central United States of America, and to

Northern Mexico (Souty-Grosset et al., 2006).

Because of its frequent use for fishery production

and pet/aquarium trade, in the last decades it was

introduced in several South-American, African,

Asian and European countries (Hobbs et al., 1989).

In Europe, the species was first introduced in

1973 in southern Spain (Ackefors, 1999; Souty-

Grosset et al., 2006). It soon became widely spread

in the whole Iberian Peninsula and was then intro-

duced in France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria,

Belgium, the Netherlands, Czech Republic, United

Kingdom and, probably, Cyprus (Souty-Grosset et

al., 2006). In Italy, the first reproductive population

of the species was found in Piedmont in the early

‘90s (Del Mastro, 1992); afterwards, it successfully

invaded most of the Italian Peninsula and Sardinia

(e.g. Froglia, 1995; Mazzoni et al., 1996; Aquiloni

et al., 2010).

In Sicily, the first record of a naturalized popu-

lation of the Red swamp crayfish was reported by

D’Angelo & Lo Valvo (2003) for the Nature

Reserve “Lago Preola e Gorghi Tondi” (Trapani

province). There, despite several attempts aimed at

the eradication of this population, the species is still

present with a thriving population.

RESULTS

In October 2012 a single, gravid, P. clarkii fe-

male was collected by an angler (L. Sapienza, pers.

426

Chiara Di Leo et alii

comm.) in the “Rosamarina” reservoir (Palermo

province, UTM WGS84 33S 381200 - 4201700), a

large man-made lake located approximately 95 km

NE of the only other known Sicilian occurrence site

of the species (D’Angelo & Lo Valvo, 2003) (Fig.

1). “Rosamarina” is a mesotrophic canyon reservoir,

characterised by sulphate-rich waters and scarcely

pronounced water-level fluctuations (Naselli-Flores

et al., 2003), it was built between 1972 and 1992

through the damming of “San Feonardo” river, and

it has a maximum surface area of 5.5 km 2 , with a

mean depth of 19.2 m and a maximum depth of

61m (Naselli-Flores et al., 2003).

Following the first sighting of a Red swamp

crayfish in “Rosamarina” reservoir, an ex-

ploratory trapping campaign was carried out be-

tween November and December 2012, but no

crayfish was captured nor observed. For the cap-

ture was used a home-made funnel trap measuring

25x30x70 cm, baited with fish fillet and canned

tuna. The trap was positioned at the same point of

first observation, at approximately 70 cm deep in

a muddy bottom.

In May 2013 some remains of a preyed crayfish

were found near the first observation site (F.

Sapienza, pers. comm.) and a second sampling ses-

sion was thus carried out. The trapping campaign

was conducted near the first observation site, in a

second site located approximately 1 km SW from

the first and in a third site in “San Feonardo” river.

The trapping area covered the whole length of the

lake (approximately 6 km). In the frame of the sec-

ond session four individuals of Red swamp crayfish

(2 males and 2 females) were trapped in all the three

Figure 1. Records of Red swamp crayfish reported in Sicily:

1. Nature Reserve “Lago Preola e Gorghi Tondi” (D’Angelo

& Lo Valvo, 2003); 2. “Diga Rosamarina“ (present work).

Date

1 gravid female*

20/10/2012

33S 381046

4200869

Remains

26/05/2013

33S 381304

4201154

1 male, 1 female**

31/05/2013

33S 381220

4201072

1 female**

07/06/2013

33S 381010

4200181

1 male**

14/06/2013

33S 377762

4196287

Table 1. Observations data and geographic coordinates

(UTM WGS84) of Red swamp crayfish in the "Rosamarina"

reservoir; *first observation, * individuals detected during

the trapping campaign.

points (Table 1). Their size ranged from 98 to 115

mm in total length.

CONCLUSIONS

The discovery of several individuals in a wide

area of the lake suggests the presence of a natural-

ized population of Red swamp crayfish. This popu-

lation probably derives from a different introduction

event from the one which originated the other pop-

ulation known for the island (D’Angelo & To

Valvo, 2003).

Aquatic non-native species are known to have

severe adverse effects on invaded ecosystems, as it

was verified in Sicily for the African clawed frog,

Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) (Fillo et al., 2011).

Red swamp crayfish is a polytrophic species (Ilheu

& Bernardo, 1993; Momot, 1995; Gutierrez -Yurrita

et al., 1999; Salvi, 1999), that may lead heavy

modifications in food webs and specific richness

(Statzner et al., 2003; Creed & Reed, 2004). Fur-

thermore, negative effects of feeding behaviour of

non-native Cambaridae are known on macrophytes

asseblages, amphibians, fish, crustacean and mol-

luscs (Seroll & Coler, 1975; Fodge & Forman,

1987; Fodge et al., 1994; Diamond, 1996; Gherardi

et al., 2001; Renai & Gherardi, 2004; Gherardi &

Acquistapace, 2007). The strong burrowing activity

of the species is known to cause damages on agri-

cultural areas, dams, dykes, riparian vegetation, and

it increases water turbidity (Huner, 1988; Correia

& Ferreira, 1995; Anastacio & Marques, 1997; Fon-

seca et al., 1997).

Keeping in mind the invasiveness and the pos-

sible negative effects of the Red swamp crayfish

on the already threatened Sicilian autochthonous

A new record of the Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Crustacea Cambaridae), in Sicily, Italy 427

biota, this new finding stresses the need for the real-

ization of sound monitoring of the species through-

out the island, and the advisability of the planning

of adequate management plans.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Luca Sapienza for letting us know the

first and the second observation of P. clarkii in the

“Rosamarina” reservoir and Federico Marrone

(Palermo, Italy) for his valuable advice during the

writing of the manuscript.

REFERENCES

Ackefors H., 1999. The positive effects of established

crayfish introductions in Europe. In: Gherardi F.,

Holdich D.M., 1999. Crayfish in Europe as Alien

Species (How to make the best of a bad situation?).

Crustacean issues 11, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam,

Netherlands, pp. 49-62.

Anastacio P.M. & Marques J.C., 1997. Crayfish, Procam-

barus clarkii, effects on initial stages of rice growth

in the lower Mondego River valley (Portugal).

Freshwater Crayfish, 11: 608-617.

Aquiloni L., Tricarico E. & Gherardi F., 2010. Crayfish

in Italy: distribution, threats and management. Inter-

national Aquatic Research, 2: 1-14.

Correia A.M. & Ferreira 0.,1995. Burrowing behaviour

of the introduced red swamp crayfish Procambarus

clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Portugal. Crus-

tacean Biology, 15: 248-257

Creed R.P. & Reed J.M., 2004. Ecosystem engineering

by crayfish in a headwater stream community. Jour-

nal of the North American Benthological Society, 23:

224-236.

D’Angelo S. & Lo Valvo M., 2003. On the presence of

the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in

Sicily. II Naturalista Siciliano, 27: 325-327 .

Del Mastro G.B., 1992. Sull’acclimatazione del gambero

della Louisiana Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)

nelle acque dolci italiane (Crustacea: Decapoda:

Cambaridae). Pianura, 4: 5-10.

Diamond J.M., 1996. A-bombs against amphibians. Na-

ture, 383: 386-387.

Fonseca J.C., Marques J.C. & Madeira V.M.C., 1997.

Oxygen uptake inhibition in Procambarus clarkii, red

swamp crayfish by biodegradable surfactans: an

ecotechnological approach for population control in

rice fields. Freshwater Crayfish, 11: 235-242

Froglia C., 1995. Crustacea Malacostraca III (Decapoda).

In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (Eds.). Check-

list delle specie della fauna italiana, 3 1 . Calderini,

Bologna.

Gherardi F., Renai B. & Corti C., 2001. Crayfish preda-

tion on tadpoles: a comparison between a native (Au-

stropotamobius pallipes) and an alien species

(Procambarus clarkii). Bulletin Franqais de la Peche

et de la Pisciculture, 361: 659-668.

Gherardi F. & Acquistapace P., 2007. Invasive crayfish

in Europe: the impact of Procambarus clarkii on the

littoral community of a Mediterranean lake. Freshwa-

ter Biology, 52: 1249-1259.

Gutierrez- Yurrita P.J., Martinez J.M., Bravo-Utrera M.A.,

Montes C., Ilheu M. & Bernardo J.M., 1999. The sta-

tus of crayfish populations in Spain and Portugal. In:

Gherardi F. & Holdich D.M. (Eds.). Crayfish in Eu-

rope as alien species. How to make the best of a bad

situation? Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, pp. 161-192.

Hobbs H.H., Jass J.P. & Huner J.V., 1989. A review of

global crayfish introductions with particular empha-

sis on two North American species (Decapoda, Cam-

baridae). Crustaceana, 56: 299-316.

Huner J.V., 1988. Procambarus in North America and

elsewhere. In: D.M. Holdich & R.S. Lowery (Eds.),

Freshwater Crayfish: biology, management and ex-

ploitation. London, Chapman and Hall, 239-261 pp.

Ilheu M. & Bernardo J.M., 1993. Aspects of trophic eco-

logy of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii

Girard) in Alentejo, South Portugal. Actas VI Con-

greso Esparto 1 de Limologia, pp. 4 1 7—423.

Lillo F., Faraone F.P. & Lo Valvo M., 2011. Can the

introduction of Xenopus laevis affect native amphib-

ian populations? Reduction of reproductive occur-

rence in presence of the invasive species. Biological

Invasions, 13-7: 1533-1541.

Lodge D.M., Kershner M.W., Aloi J.E. & Covich A.,

1994. Effects of an omnivorous crayfish ( Orconectes

rusticus ) on a freshwater littoral food web. Ecology,

75: 1265-1281.

Lodge D.M. & Lorman J.G., 1987. Reductions in sub-

mersed macrophyte biomass and species richness by

the crayfish Orconectes rusticus. Canadian Journal

of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 44: 591-597.

Mazzoni D., Minelli G., Quaglio F. & Rizzoli M., 1996.

Sulla presenza del gambero della Louisiana Procam-

barus clarkii (Girard, 1852) nelle acque interne

dell’Emilia-Romagna. In: Atti Conv. Naz. “II contrib-

ute dei progetti di ricerca alio sviluppo dell’acqua

nazionale”, pp. 75-82.

Momot W.T., 1995. Redefining the role of crayfish in

aquatic ecosystems. Reviews in Fisheries Science,

31: 33-63.

Naselli-Flores L., Barone R. & Mosello R., 2003. Eu-

trophication control by lime addition: a preliminary

approach in Sicilian reservoirs. Hydrobiologia, 504:

297-303.

428

Chiara Di Leo et alii

Renai B. & Gherardi F., 2004. Predatory efficiency of

crayfish: comparison between indigenous and non-

indigenous species. Biological Invasions, 6: 89-99.

Salvi G., 1999. Dieta, preferenze alimentari e potenziale im-

patto del gambero alloctono Procambarus clarkii sugli

ecosistemi invasi. Master Thesis, Universita di Firenze.

Seroll A. & Coler R.A., 1975. Demonstrated food prefer-

ences of Orconectes immunis (Hagen) (Decapoda,

Astacidae). Crustaceana, 29: 319-320.

Souty-Grosset C., Holdich D.M., Noel P.Y., Reynolds

J.D. & Haffner P, 2006. Atlas of Crayfish in Europe,

Museum national d’Histoire naturelle (Patrimoines

naturels, 64), Paris, 187 pp.

Statzner B., Peltret O. & Tomanova S., 2003. Crayfish as

geomorphic agents and ecosystem engineers: effect

of a biomass gradient on baseflow and flood- induced

transport of gravel and sand in experimental streams.

Freshwater Biology, 48: 147-163.

Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (3): 429-442

Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy

and the check-list of the same family

Vittorio Aliquo 1 & Fabien Soldati 2

'Via Umberto Giordano 234, 90144 Palermo, Italy; e-mail: vitaliq@tin.it

2 Office National des Forets, Laboratoire National d’Entomologie Forestiere, 2 me Charles Peguy, 11500 Quillan, France; e-mail:

fabien.soldati@onf.fr

ABSTRACT The authors update their recent work on Italian Tenebrionidae. At first, they present main

taxonomic changes, new taxa to Italian fauna and new faunistic data, secondly they present

an up to date check-list of Italian Tenebrionidae, including Sardinia and Sicily.

KEY WORDS Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae; Italy; updated check-list.

Received 06.08.2014; accepted 18.09.2014; printed 30.09.2014

INTRODUCTION

A few years have passed since the publication

of the CD-rom on the fauna of Italy for Tenebrion-

idae Latreille, 1802 (Aliquo et al., 2007) and still

some new data, new studies and the emergence of

new ideas lead us to publish these update notes that

can integrate our previous work and make it more

useful to those who wish to consult it.

We are not, of course, sorry for these contingen-

cies, but rather comforted to see how rapidly knowl-

edge progress and many scholars devote themselves

to the very same arguments that have fascinated us

and filled our lives. Also, we do not exclude to

re-publish, in the next future, the CD in a more

complete form, perhaps taking advantage of the

techniques for comparison and determination expe-

rienced in the latter CD of the series.

This paper is divided into two distinct parts.

The first one includes “addenda et corrigenda” to

the previous CD, excluding the numerous system-

atic and taxonomic changes reported in the Cata-

logue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Lobl et al., 2008).

The second part is the complete checklist of Tene-

brionidae fauna of Italy updated from the taxo-

nomic point of view, based on the work of Lobl et

al. (2008), and including all new entities listed in

the first part.

I-CD-ROM Update

Akis Herbst, 1799

Akis tuberculata Kraatz, 1865 is considered as

a species distinct by A. bacarozzo (Schrank, 1786)

by Ferrer et al. (2008). Although not reported for

Italy by these authors, is probably frequent in

Sardinia as it occurs throughout Corsica. We do not

agree with the same authors for the synonymy of A.

italica Solier, 1837 and A. barbara Solier, 1837

with A. trilineata Herbst, 1799.

Alphitobius Stephens, 1829

M. Violi reports the presence of Alphitobius dia-

perinus (Panzer, 1796) at Lampedusa (www.ento-

mologiitaliani . it) .

Alphitophagus Stephens, 1832

It is reported the presence of Alphitophagus

430

Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati

bifasciatus (Say, 1824) also for the Marche (Gio-

vagnoli et al., 2012).

Ammobius Guerin-Meneville, 1844

Findings have been reported for the Marche,

thus confirming the previous indication of the

presence of Ammobius rufus (Lucas, 1846) in that

region (Giovagnoli et al., 2012).

Asida Latreille, 1802

To this genus must be added the new species of

Asida, all endemics of Sardinia and strictly local-

ized, described by Leo (2009): Asida (A.) dry as

(Fig. 1), A. (A.) anachoreta and A (A.) solieri ssp.

caroli and by Leo (2012): A. (A.) androgyna, A. (A.)

nurrae and A (A.) paulae. At present it is reported

the presence of A. dryas in the area of Capoterra

and S Sulcis, and E and SE of Cagliari; of A. ana-

choreta on Mount Linas (at Medio Campidano); of

A. solieri caroli on Mount Arci at SW of Oristano,

being A. solieri solieri limited to the coast around

Gonnesa and Teulada, while in the islands of San

Pietro and S. Antioco is found A. solieri fancelloi

Leo, 1984. Additional new species are strictly local-

ized as well: A. androgyna at the Southeastern end

of Sardinia, in the southern part of the massif of

Sarrabus including Monte dei Sette Fratelli; A. nur-

rae at Argentiera on the S coast of the Stintino

peninsula and A. paulae in the same peninsula and

in the islands of Piana and Asmara.

Blaps Fabricius, 1775

Findings from precise locations of the Marche

are reported, thus confirming the previous indica-

tion of the presence of Blaps gibba Laporte de

Castelnau, 1 840, B. lethifera Marsham, 1 802 and

B. mucronata Latreille, 1804 in that region (Gio-

vagnoli et al., 2012).

Boromorphus Wollaston, 1854

Gardini (2010) describes Boromorphus italicus, the

first representative for Italy of the genus and Boro-

morphini tribe, present in Calabria and Basilicata.

Corticeus Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783

The presence of Corticeus fasciatus (Fabricius,

1790) is reported for Marche, moreover is con-

firmed, in the same region, the occurrence of C. uni-

color Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783 (Giovagnoli et al.,

2012 ).

Dendarus Dejean, 1821

To Dendarus ( Pandarinus ) peslieri Soldati,

2012 (Fig. 2), described from Ionian Greece, should

be attributed all populations from Apulia so far

indicated as belonging to D. coelatus Brulle, 1832

(Soldati, 2012). On the contrary, this latter is en-

demic to the Peloponnese. In addition, findings of

Dendarus ( Pandarinus ) dalmatinus (Germar, 1 824)

are reported as new record for the Marche (Gio-

vagnoli et al., 2012).

Diaclina Jacquelin du Val, 1861

The presence of Diaclina fagi (Panzer, 1799) is

reported for the Marche (Giovagnoli et al., 2012).

Diaperis Geoffroy, 1762

Findings from some locations of the Marche are

reported, thus confirming the previous generic re-

port on the presence of Diaperis boleti (Linnaeus,

1758) in that region (Giovagnoli et al., 2012).

Dichillus Jacquelin du Val, 1861

Must be added the new species described by Leo

(2008): Dichillus ( D .) tyrrhenicus (Fig. 3) and D.

( D .) tapinomae, this latter endemic to Sardinia,

known at present only of the beach and the dunes

of San Giovanni di Sinis, where it lives in the nests

of the ant Tapinoma simrothi Krausse, 1911. D.

tyrrhenicus is spread throughout the island. All

quotes of D. corsicus (Sober, 1838) and D. pumilus

sensu Auctores nee Sober, 1838 for Argentario,

Elba and Tuscan Islands should be referred to D.

tyrrhenicus. Whereas reports of other Dichillus

from Calabria, Basilicata and Campania should

instead be referred to D. corsicus (Sober, 1838).

Elenophorus Dejean, 1821

In Lobl et al. (2008) Elenophorus Dejean, 1821

is replaced with Leptoderis Billberg, 1 820, without

any explanations in the introduction to the Cata-

logue. If the reason is, as indicated by Silfverberg

(1984), only the priority of the name, we do not

agree. According to the article 23.9 of the Interna-

tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN,

1999), Leptoderis should be considered “nomen

oblitum”, as probably never used after its original

Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family

431

Figure 1 . Asida dryas. Sardinia, Cagliari: Domusdemaria,

Pixina Manna, 9.VI.2003, L. Fancello leg.

description, while Elenophorus, which has been

used consistently by all subsequent authors, should

be considered “nomen protectum”.

Eutagenia Reitter, 1886

The presence of Eutagenia aegyptiaca tunisea

Normand, 1936 is reported also from Lampione

islet (Lo Cascio & Pasta, 2012).

Gonocephalum Sober, 1834

A record from the Marche is reported, thus con-

firming the previous indication of the presence of

Gonocephalum (G.) granulatum nigrum (Kiister,

1849) in that region (Giovagnoli et al., 2012).

Latheticus Waterhouse, 1880

It is reported the capture of Latheticus oryzae

Waterhouse, 1880 in Piedmont (Evangelista, 2011).

Leichenum Dejean, 1834

Is reported the presence of Leichenum pictum

(Fabricius, 1801) also for the coast of Marche (Gio-

vagnoli et al., 2012).

Melanimon Steven, 1829

Is reported the presence of Melanimon tibiale

Figure 2. Dendarus peslieri. Apulia, Lecce, Meledugno,

S. Foca-Torre dell'Orso, 25-28.VI.2007, R. Lisa leg.

(Fabricius, 1781) also for the coasts of Marche

(Giovagnoli et al., 2012).

Nalassus Mulsant, 1854

Is indicated the presence of Nalassus ( N .) der-

mestoides (Illiger, 1798) also for the Marche (Gio-

vagnoli et al., 2012).

Odocnemis Allard, 1876

Is reported the presence of Odocnemis exaratus

(Germar, 1817) also for the Marche (Giovagnoli et

al., 2012).

Opatrum Fabricius, 1775

G. Altadonna reports and documents the capture

of Opatrum ( Colpophorus ) validum validum Rot-

tenberg, 1871 (www.entomologiitaliani.it), on

Mount Etna, E side, at Milo, thus confirming that

the species is still present in Sicily, place of origin

of some specimens of the typical series. Opatrum

dahli Kiister, 1849 indicated in the CD as endemic

to Sardinia and Corsica, on the contrary is not

present on the latter island, where is replaced by O.

malgorzatae (Feo et al., 2011).

Pentaphyllus Dejean, 1821

Is reported the presence of Pentaphyllus tes-

432

Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati

taceus (Hellwig, 1792) in Piedmont (Evangelista,

2011 ).

Phaleria Latreille, 1802

Actually, the photo of Phaleria provincialis

ghidinii Canzoneri, 1961 in the paper by Aliquo' et

al. (2007) is of Phaleria acuminata Kiister, 1852.

The distribution shown for the latter species in-

cludes, incorrectly, Liguria, Emilia Romagna,

Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia, regions for which

there are no reliable reportings.

Phylan Dejean, 1821

Phylan (P) poggii Ferrer, 2013 is described

from Ischia and Southern Italy (Ferrer, 2013).

Pimelia Fabricius, 1775

Pimelia bipunctata papii Canzoneri, 1963, re-

ported from Liguria and Tuscany, is synonymous

with the typical form of P bipunctata Fabricius,

1781. Its subspecies P. bipunctata cajetana Senac,

1887 is instead a valid species of Central and South-

ern Italy (Ferrer & Castro Tovar, 2012). Also the

photos in the CD are to be interpreted in this way.

Probaticus Seidlitz, 1896

Sparacio (2007) described Probaticus cossyren-

Figure 3. Dichillus tyrrhenicus. Sardinia, Nuoro:

Villanova Strisaili, altitude 1000 m, 23. V. 1974.

sis (Fig. 4), an endemic species from Pantelleria is-

land, to which should be attributed the specimens

from the same island previously reported as P. an-

thrax (Seidlitz, 1896).

Scaphidema L. Redtenbacher, 1849

Is reported the presence of Scaphidema metal-

lica (Fabricius, 1792) for the Marche (Giovagnoli

et al., 2012).

Scaurus Fabricius, 1775

Is reported the presence of Scaurus striatus

Fabricius, 1792 and of S. tristis A.G. Olivier, 1795

also for the Marche, for populations which, how-

ever, might result from accidental importation

(Giovagnoli et al., 2012).

Stenosis Herbst, 1799

Stenosis angusticollis elongatissima Koch, 1940

is to be considered a synonym of S. angusticollis

(Reiche, 1861) (Leo, 2008). Findings are reported

from some locations in Marche, thus confirming the

previous generic indication of the presence of S.

intermedia (Sober, 1838) in that region (Giovagnoli

et al., 2012).

Tentyria Latreille, 1802

Tentyria ramburi is attributed to the subgenus

Figure 4. Probaticus cossyrensis, paratypus. Sicily, Tra-

pani: Pantelleria, VIII. 1987, V. Aliquo leg.

Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family

433

Subtentyrina Lobl et Merkl, 2003 (Leo, 2009). Ac-

cording to the same author, T. (I) rugosa Gene,

1836 is a valid species, not subspecies of T. (S'.)

ramburi Sober, 1835, and to T. ( T.) rugosa belong

the subspecies floresii Gene, 1836 and cassolai Ar-

doin, 1973.

Uloma Dejean, 1821

It is reported a record from Marche, thus confirm-

ing the previous indication of the presence of

Uloma culinaris (Linnaeus, 1758) in that region

(Giovagnoli et al., 2012).

II - UPDATING OF THE CHECKLIST OF

THE FAUNA OF ITALY

For many years, Tenebrionidae of Italy were

grouped only by tribe, according to an ancient tra-

dition that has its best expression especially in the

Tables of the monumental book "Fauna coleoptero-

rum italica" by Porta (1934), for over half a century

a true "summa" of the Italian systematic entomol-

ogy, which made it easily accessible, by translating

and adapting them, the most classic studies of

nearly one hundred years before (between 800 and

900) and, for Tenebrionidae in particular, numerous

papers by E. Reitter and H. Gebien. The order of

presentation is very similar to that of the more

recent check-list by Gardini (1995), which has been

widely used and also followed in the preparation of

the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy

(Aliquo et al., 2007).

In the 70s and then more frequently from the

late 80s of the last century, many studies appeared

dealing with systematics of Tenebrionidae (Watt,

1974; Doyen & Lawrence, 1979; Kwieton, 1982;

Doyen et al., 1989; Lawrence & Newton, 1995,

and subsequently in particular Aalbu et al., 2002;

Bouchard et al., 2005; Aalbu, 2006;), in the light

of which the overall picture of the Family can be

said to have been profoundly changed, with the

grouping of tribes in subfamilies according to dif-

ferent schemes which, over time, have been widely

accepted.

An authoritative version is given in the recent

fundamental catalog of Palaearctic Coleoptera pub-

lished by Lobl & Smetana (2008), written, of

course, with the help of leading specialists in the

world. At the same time the opinion that Tenebri-

onidae comprise the old families Lagriidae and

Alleculidae is now accepted by almost everyone.

Even the inclusion of the genus Myrmechixenus

Chevrolat, 1835 (considered, at times, to belong

to Mycetophagidae or Colydiidae or to other

families) with a 4-4-4 tarsal formula (which is not

the Heteromera kind) is not so surprising, because

one may find Bolitophagini or Phrenapatinae with

a not Heteromera-type tarsal formula. So it’s no

longer justified not to draw the appropriate con-

clusions, and a new edition of the CD should be

completed including also the species belonging to

the subfamily Alleculinae (Fig. 5).

Following the approach adopted by Lobl et al.

(2008), the list of Tenebrionidae of Italy and of the

species and subspecies definitely present in Italy or

reliably indicated by catches in the Italian territory,

should be updated as follows.

The updated checklist includes 387 taxa, as

some species includes one or more subspecies. All

endemic taxa of Italian fauna are 139, species and

subspecie, and they are indicated with [E]. When

the nominal form of a species is not present in

Italy, although substituted by one or more sub-

species, it is reported within brackets []. New taxa

at the species or subspecies level published after

the CD-Rom by Aliquo et al. (2007) are mentioned

in bold.

Figure 5. Isomira melanophtalma. Corsica, Mausoleo,

16.V.2003, F. Soldati leg.

434

Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati

TENEBRIONIDAE check-list

L AGRIIN AE Latreille, 1825

Belopini Reitter, 1917

Centorus Mulsant, 1854

( Centorus ) crassipes (Fischer von Waldheim,

1844)

(Centorus) proceroides Leo, 1984 [E]

[( Belopus ) elongatus (Flerbst, 1797)]

ssp. ecalcaratus (Seidlitz, 1896)

Cossyphini Latreille, 1802

Cossyphus A.G. Olivier, 1791

(Cossyphus) moniliferus Chevrolat, 1833

(Cossyphus) tauricus Steven, 1832

Laenini Seidlitz, 1896

Laena Dejean, 1821

viennensis (Sturm, 1807)

Lagriini Latreille, 1825

Lagria Fabricius, 1775

(Apteronympha) rugosula Rosenhauer, 1856

= glabrata A.G. Olivier, 1797

(Lagria) atripes Mulsant et Guillebeau, 1855

(Lagria) hirta (Linnaeus, 1758)

PHRENAPATINAE Sober, 1834

Penetini Lacordaire, 1859

Clamoris Des Gozis, 1886

crenatus (Mulsant, 1854)

PIMELIINAE Latreille, 1802

Adelostomini Sober, 1834

Machlopsis Pomel, 1871

doderoi Gridelli, 1930

Akidini Billberg, 1820

Akis Herbst, 1799

bacarozzo (Schrank, 1786)

barbara Sober, 1837

italica Sober, 1837

subterranea Sober, 1837

trilineata Herbst, 1799

tuberculata Kraatz, 1865

Asidini Fleming, 1821

Alphasida Escalera, 1905

(Glabrasida) gross a (Sober, 1836) [E]

ssp. sicula (Sober, 1836) [E]

[( Glabrasida ) puncticollis (Sober, 1836)]

ssp. moltonii Canzoneri, 1972 [E]

ssp. tirellii (Leoni, 1929) [E]

Asida Latreille, 1802

(Asida) anachoreta Leo, 2009 [E]

(Asida) androgyna Leo, 2012 [E]

(Asida) argentierae Leo, 1980 [E]

(Asida) australis Baudi, 1875 [E]

(Asida) bayardi Sober, 1836 [E]

ssp. blaptoides Leoni, 1909 [E]

ssp. leosinii Leoni, 1909 [E]

(Asida) calabra Leoni, 1909 [E]

(Asida) combae Gene, 1839 [E]

(Asida) Corsica Laporte de Castelnau, 1833

ssp. genei Sober, 1836 [E]

(Asida) dejeanii Sober, 1836

(Asida) doderoi Leoni, 1910 [E|

(Asida) dorgaliensis Leoni, 1911 [E]

ssp. montalbica Reitter, 1917 [E]

(Asida) dryas Leo, 2009 [E]

(Asida) fascicularis (Germar, 1817)

ssp .fiorii Leoni, 1909 [E]

(Asida) gestroi Leoni, 1910 [E]

ssp. capraiensis Gridelli, 1972 [E]

ssp. gardinii Lo Cascio, 2000 [E]

ssp. lanzai Leo, 1998 [E]

ssp. tyrrhena Leoni, 1910 [E]

(Asida) glacialis Gene, 1839 [E|

ssp. barbaricina Leoni, 1911 [E]

ssp. rustica Gene, 1839 [E]

(Asida) goryi Sober, 1836 [E]

? (Asida) incerta Leoni, 1910 [E]

(Asida) ligurica Baudi, 1875

(Asida) longicollis Sober, 1836

(Asida) lostiae Allard, 1888 [E]

(Asida) luigionii Leoni, 1910 [E]

Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family

435

ssp. doriae Leoni, 1910 [E]

ssp. insularis Leoni, 1910 [E]

( Asida ) lulensis Reitter, 1917 [E]

( Asida ) minima Reitter, 1917 [E]

(Asida) novasiriensis Grimm, 1985 [E]

(Asida) nuragica Leo, 1985 [E]

(Asida) nurrae Leo, 2012 [E]

(Asida) paulae Leo, 2012 [E]

(Asida) piligera Leoni, 1909 [E]

(Asida) pirazzolii Allard, 1869 [E]

ssp. sardiniensis Allard, 1869 [E]

(Asida) sabulosa (Fuessly, 1775)

(Asida) sardoa Leoni, 1910 [E]

(Asida) schusteri Reitter, 1917

(Asida) solieri Gene, 1836 [E]

ssp. caroli Leo, 2009 [E]

ssp.fancelloiLQO, 1985 [E]

(Polasida) poneli F. Soldati et L. Soldati, 2001

Boromorphini Skopin, 1978

Boromorphus Wollaston, 1854

italicus Gardini, 2010 [E]

Cnemeplatiini Jacquelin du Val, 1861

Cnemeplatia A. Costa, 1 847

atropos A. Costa, 1 847

Elenophorini Solier, 1837

Elenophorus Dej ean, 1821

collaris (Linnaeus, 1767)

Erodiini Billberg, 1820

Erodius Fabricius, 1775

[(Erodius) audouini Solier, 1834]

ssp. destefanii Failla Tedaldi, 1887 [E|

ssp .peiroleri Solier, 1834

(Erodius) siculus Solier, 1834 [E]

ssp. neapolitanus Solier, 1834 [E]

ssp. dalmatinus Kraatz, 1865

Pimeliini Latreille, 1802

Pimelia Fabricius, 1775

[(Pimelia) angusticollis Solier, 1836]

ssp . punctatorugosa Reitter, 1915 [E|

ssp. sulcitana Leo et Pisano, 1978 [E|

(Pimelia) bipunctata Fabricius, 1781

=papii Canzoneri, 1963) [E]

(Pimelia) cajetana Senac, 1887 [E]

(Pimelia) goryi Solier, 1836 [E]

ssp. cassolai Ardoin, 1973 [E]

(Pimelia) grossa Fabricius, 1792

(Pimelia) payraudi Latreille, 1829

ssp. subalpina Ardoin, 1973 [E]

(Pimelia) rugulosa Germar, 1824 [E]

ssp. apula Gridelli, 1950 [E]

ssp. sublaevigata Solier, 1836 [E]

(Pimelia) undulata Solier, 1836 [E]

Trachyderma Latreille, 1 829

(Trachyderma) lima (L. Petagna, 1819)

Sepidiini Eschscholtz, 1829

Sepidium Fabricius, 1775

siculum Solier, 1844 [E]

Stenosini Lacordaire, 1859

Dichillus Jacquelin du Val, 1861

(Dichillus) corsicus (Solier, 1838)

=pumilus Solier, 1838

(Dichillus) minutus (Solier, 1838)

(Dichillus) socius Rottenberg, 1871 [E]

(Dichillus) subtilis Kraatz, 1862 [E]

(Dichillus) tapinomae Leo, 2008 [E]

(Dichillus) tyrrhenicus Leo, 2008

(Dichillocerus) pertusus (Kiesenwetter, 1861)

Eutagenia Reitter, 1886

[aegyptiaca Reitter, 1889]

ssp. tunisea Norm and, 1936

elvirae Marcuzzi et Turchetto, 1982 [E]

Microtelus Solier, 1838

lethierryi Reiche, 1860

Stenosis Herbst, 1799

angusticollis (Reiche, 1861)

= elongatissima Koch, 1940

brenthoides (Rossi, 1790)

brignonei Koch, 1935 [E]

consiglioi Canzoneri, 1976 [E]

freyi Koch, 1 940

intermedia (Solier, 1838)

melitana Reitter, 1894

sardoa (Kiister, 1 848)

ssp. ardoini Canzoneri, 1970 [E]

436

Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati

Tentyriini Eschscholtz, 1831

Imatismus Dejean, 1834

villosus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1870)

Pachychila Eschscholtz, 1831

[( Pachychila ) crassicollis Kraatz, 1865]

ssp. cossyrensis (Ragusa, 1875)

(Pachychila) frioli Solier, 1835

(Pachychila) germari Solier, 1835

(Pachychila) sewillei (Solier, 1835)

(Pachychila) tazmaltensis Desbrochers des

Loges, 1881

(Pachychilina) dejeani (Besser, 1832)

ssp. doderoi Peyerimhoff, 1927

Tentyria Latreille, 1802

(Tentyria) grossa Besser, 1832

ssp. angustata Kraatz, 1896 [E]

ssp. sommieri Baudi, 1874 [E]

ssp. sardiniensis Ardoin, 1973[E]

(Tentyria) italica Solier, 1835

(Tentyria) laevigata Steven, 1829 [E|

(Tentyria) rugosa Gene, 1836 [E]

ssp. cassolai Ardoin, 1973 [E]

ssp .floresii Gene, 1836 [E]

(Subtentyrina) ligurica Solier, 1835

ssp. confusa Ardoin, 1973 [E]

ssp. pseudorugosa Ardoin, 1973 [E]

(Subtentyrina) ramburi Solier, 1835

= maillei Solier, 1835

Zophosini Solier, 1834

Zophosis Latreille, 1 802

(Oculosis) punctata Brulle, 1832

TENEBRIONINAE Latreille, 1802

Alphitobiini Reitter, 1917

Alphitobius Stephens, 1829

diaperinus (Panzer, 1796)

laevigatus (F abricius , 1781)

Diaclina Jacquelin du Val, 1861

fagi (Panzer, 1799)

testudinea (Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783)

Blaptini Leach, 1815

Blaps Fabricius, 1775

(Blaps) gibba Laporte de Castelnau, 1 840

(Blaps) gigas (Linnaeus, 1767)

(Blaps) lethifera Marsham, 1802

(Blaps) mucronata Latreille, 1804

[(Blaps) nitens Laporte de Castelnau, 1 840]

ssp. mercatii Canzoneri, 1969 [E]

Bolitophagini Kirby, 1837

Bolitophagus Illiger, 1798

interruptus Illiger, 1800

reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1767)

Eledona Latreille, 1796

agricola (Herbst, 1783)

Eledonoprius Reitter, 1911

armatus (Panzer, 1799)

serrifrons Reitter, 1890

Helopini Latreille, 1802

Accanthopus Dejean, 1821

= Enoplopus Solier, 1 848

velikensis (Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783)

= dentipes (Rossi, 1790)

Allardius Ragusa, 1898

oculatus (Baudi di Selve, 1876) [E]

sardiniensis (Allard, 1877) [E]

Catomus Allard, 1876

(Catomus) consentaneus (Kiister, 1851)

(Catomus) rotundicollis (Guerin-Meneville,

1825)

Gunarus Des Gozis, 1886

parvulus (Lucas, 1846)

Helops Fabricius, 1775

(Helops) caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758)

(Helops) rossii Germar, 1817

Italohelops Espanol, 1961

subchalybaeus (Reitter, 1907) [E]

Nalassus Mulsant, 1854

(Nalassus) aemulus (Kiister, 1850)

Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family

437

ssp. calaritanus Leo, 1985 [E]

( Nalassus ) alpigradus (Fairmaire, 1883)

( Nalassus ) convexus (Comolli, 1837)

( Nalassus ) dermestoides (Illiger, 1798)

( Nalassus ) dtyadophilus (Mulsant, 1854)

( Nalassus ) ecoffeti (Kiister, 1850)

=picinus (Kiister, 1850)

(Nalassus) genei (Gene, 1839)

ssp. melonii Leo, 1982 [E]

(Nalassus) pastai Aliquo, Leo et Lo Cascio,

2006 [E]

(Nalassus) planipennis (Kiister, 1850) [E]

(Nalassus) plebejus (Kiister, 1850)

(Helopondrus) assimilis (Kiister, 1850)

Nephodinus Gebien, 1943

= Nephodes Blanchard, 1 845

(Nephodinus) metallescens (Kiister, 1 846)

Odocnemis Allard, 1 876

(Odocnemis) clypeatus (Kiister, 1851) [E]

(Odocnemis) exaratus (Germar, 1817)

(Odocnemis) osellai (Gardini, 1979) [E]

(Odocnemis) ruffoi (Canzoneri, 1970) [E]

Probaticus Seidlitz, 1896

(Helopotrichus) gibbithorax (Gemm inger, 1870) [E]

(Helopotrichus) sphaericollis (Kiister, 1850) [E]

(Helopotrichus) tomentosus (Reitter, 1906)

= siculus (Canzoneri, 1960) [E]

(Pelorinus) anthrax (Seidlitz, 1 896) [E]

(Pelorinus) cossyrensis Sparacio, 2007 [E]

(Pelorinus) ebeninus (A. Villa et J.B. Villa, 1838)

ssp. cassolai Ardoin, 1973 [E]

Raiboscelis Allard, 1876

azureus (Brulle, 1832)

Stenohelops Reitter, 1 922

(Gunarellus) carlofortinus Leo, 1980 [E]

Stenomax Allard, 1876

(Stenomax) aeneus (Scopoli, 1763)

(Asyrmatus) foudrasii (Mulsant, 1854)

(Asyrmatus) piceus (J. Sturm, 1 826)

Xanthomus Mulsant, 1 854

pallidus (Curtis, 1830)

= ghidinii Canzoneri, 1959; residuus Canzoneri,

1959

pellucidus (Mulsant et Rey, 1856)

grimmi Ferrer et Whitehead, 2002 [E]

Melanimini Seidlitz, 1894

Cheirodes Gene, 1839

(Cheirodes) sardous Gene, 1839

(Pseudanemia) brevicollis Wollaston, 1864

Melanimon Steven, 1829

tibiale (Fabricius, 1781)

Opatrini Brulle, 1832

Ammobius Guerin-Meneville, 1 844

rufus (Lucas, 1 846)

Clitobius Mulsant et Rey, 1859

(Clitobius) ovatus (Erichson, 1843)

Dilamus Jacquelin du Val, 1861

(Dilamus) planicollis Fairmaire, 1883

Gonocephalum Sober, 1834

(Gonocephalum) assimile (Kiister, 1849) [E]

(Gonocephalum) costatum (Brulle, 1832)

((Gonocephalum) granulation (Fabricius, 1792)]

ssp. meridionale (Kiister, 1849)

ssp. nigrum (Kiister, 1849)

(Gonocephalum) lefranci (Fairmaire, 1863)

(Gonocephalum) obscurum (Kiister, 1849)

(Gonocephalum) perlexum (Lucas, 1846)

(Gonocephalum) pygmaeum (Steven, 1829)

(Gonocephalum) rusticum (A.G. Olivier, 1811)

(Gonocephalum) setulosum (Faldermann, 1837)

Opatroides Brulle, 1832

punctulatus Brulle, 1832

Opatrum Fabricius, 1775

(Opatrum) asperidorsum Fairmaire, 1878

(Opatrum) dahli Kiister, 1849 [E]

(Opatrum) italicum Reitter, 1904 [E]

(Opatrum) obesum A.G. Olivier, 1811

(Opatrum) sabulosum (Linnaeus, 1760)

ssp. lucifugum Kiister, 1849

ssp. sculptum Rey, 1892

(Opatrum) sculpturatum Fairmaire, 1860

ssp. capraiense Razzauti, 1919 [E]

ssp. igiliense Razzauti, 1919 [E|

438

Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati

ssp. ilvense Razzauti, 1919 [E]

ssp. urgonense Razzauti, 1919 [E]

( Opatrum ) verrucosum Germar, 1817

{Colpophorus) emarginatum Lucas, 1846

( Colpophorus ) nivale (Gene, 1839) [E]

{Colpophorus) validum Rottenberg, 1871 [E]

ssp. marcuzzii Canzoneri, 1972 [E]

ssp. rottenbergi Canzoneri, 1972 [E]

ssp. schlicki Gebien, 1906

Sclerum Dejean, 1834

armatum (Waltl, 1835)

multistriatum (Forskal, 1775)

Sinorus Mulsant et Reveilliere, 1860

colliardi (Fairmaire, 1860)

Palorini Matthews, 2003

Palorus Mulsant, 1854

depressus (Fabricius, 1790)

ratzeburgii (Wissmann, 1848)

subdepressus (Wollaston, 1864)

Ulomina Baudi, 1876

carinata Baudi, 1876

Pedinini Eschscholtz, 1829

Allophylax Bedel, 1906

( Allophylax ) brevicollis (Baudi, 1876) [E]

( Allophylax ) picipes (A.G. Olivier, 1811)

{Allophylax) sardous (Baudi, 1876) [E]

{Phylaximon) costatipennis (Lucas, 1 846)

ssp. godenigoi Canzoneri, 1970 [E]

Bioplanes Mulsant, 1854

meridionalis Mulsant, 1854

Colpotus Mulsant et Rey, 1853

godarti Mulsant et Rey, 1853

strigosus (A. Costa, 1847) [E]

ssp. ganglbaueri D’Amore Fracassi, 1907 [E]

ssp. oglasensis Gardini, 1975 [E]

ssp. ragusai D’Amore Fracassi, 1907 [E]

Dendarus Dejean, 1821

{Dendarus) carinatus (Mulsant et Rey, 1854)

{Dendarus) coarcticollis (Mulsant, 1854)

= tristis sensu Laporte de Castelnau, 1 840

{Paroderus) lugens (Mulsant et Rey, 1854)

{Pandarinus) dalmatinus (Germar, 1 824)

{Pandarinus) peslieri Soldati, 2012

Heliopathes Dejean, 1834

{Heliopates) avarus Mulsant et Rey, 1854

ssp. donatellae (Canzoneri, 1970) [E]

{Heliopates) neptunius Baudi, 1875 [E]

Leichenum Dejean, 1834

pictum (Fabricius, 1801)

pulchellum (Lucas, 1846)

Pedinus Latreille, 1796

{Pedinus) fallax Mulsant et Rey, 1853

{Pedinus) femoralis (Linnaeus, 1767)

{Pedinus) helopioides Germar, 1814

{Pedinus) longulus Rottenberg, 1871 [E]

{Pedinus) meridianus Mulsant et Rey, 1853

{Pedinus) punctatostriatus Mulsant et Rey,

1853 [E]

{Pedinus) sicanus Canzoneri, 1984 [E]

{Pedinus) siculus Seidlitz, 1893 [E]

{Pedinulus) ragusae Baudi, 1876

=jonicus Kiesenwetter, 1880

Phylan Dejean, 1821

[{Phylan) abbreviatus (A.G. Olivier, 1795)]

ssp. italicus (Reitter, 1904) [E]

{Phylan) poggii Ferrer, 2013 [E|

Psammoardoinellus Leo, 1980

sardiniensis (Ardoin, 1972) [E|

Scaurini Billberg, 1820

Scaurus Fabricius, 1775

aegyptiacus Sober, 1838

= giganteus Kiister, 1 848

atratus Fabricius, 1775

striatus Fabricius, 1792

tristis A.G. Olivier, 1795

uncinus (Forster, 1771)

=punctatus Fabricius, 1798)

Tenebrionini Latreille, 1802

Neatus J.L. Le Conte, 1862

noctivagus (Mulsant et Rey, 1853)

picipes (Herbst, 1797)

Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family

439

Tenebrio Linnaeus, 1758

{Tenebrio) molitor Linnaeus, 1758

{Tenebrio) obscurus Fabricius, 1792

{Tenebrio) opacus Duftschmid, 1812

{Tenebrio) punctipennis Seidlitz, 1896

Triboliini Gistel, 1848

Latheticus Waterhouse, 1880

oryzae Waterhouse, 1880

Lyphia Mulsant et Rey, 1859

tetraphylla (Fairmaire, 1856)

Tribolium W. S. Mac Leay, 1825

castaneum (Herbst, 1797)

confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1861

madens (Charpentier, 1825)

Ulomini Dejean, 1821

Uloma Dejean, 1821

culinaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

rufa (Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783)

DIAPERINAE Latreille, 1802

Crypticini Brulle, 1832

Crypticus Latreille, 1817

{Crypticus) gibbulus (Quensel, 1806)

{Crypticus) quisquilius (Linnaeus, 1760)

ssp. aprutianus Gridelli, 1949 [E]

Lamprocrypticus Espanol, 1950

alpinus (Comolli, 1837)

Oochrotus Lucas, 1852

unicolor Lucas, 1852

ssp. ardoini Canzoneri, 1961 [E]

ssp. moltonii Canzoneri, 1961 [E]

Pseudoseriscius Espanol, 1950

griseo vest is (Fai rmai re, 1879)

helvolus (Kuster, 1852)

ssp. adriaticus (Espanol, 1949)

[normandi (Espanol, 1 949)]

ssp. pacified Leo, 1982 [E]

[olivierii (Desbrochers des Loges, 1881)]

ssp. sardiniensis Leo, 1982 [E]

Diaperini Latreille, 1802

Alphitophagus Stephens, 1832

bifasciatus (Say, 1824)

Diaperis Geoffroy, 1762

boleti (Linnaeus, 1758)

Gnatocerus Thunberg, 1814

{Gnatocerus) cornutus (Fabricius, 1798)

{Echocerus) maxillosus (Fabricius, 1801)

Neomida Latreille, 1829

haemorroidalis (Fabricius, 1787)

Pen taphyl l us D ej e an , 1821

chrysomeloides { Rossi, 1792)

testaceus (Hellwig, 1792)

Platydema Laporte de Castelnau et Brulle, 1831

europaea Laporte de Castelnau et Brulle, 1831

violacea (Fabricius, 1790)

Hypophlaeini Billberg, 1820

Corticeus Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783

{Corticeus) bicolor (A.G. Olivier, 1790)

{Corticeus) bicoloroides (Roubal, 1933)

{Corticeus) fasciatus (Fabricius, 1790)

{Corticeus) fraxini (Kugelann, 1794)

{Corticeus) linearis (Fabricius, 1790)

{Corticeus) pini (Panzer, 1799)

= leonhardi (Reitter, 1906)

{Corticeus) suberis (Lucas, 1 846)

{Corticeus) unicolor Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783

{Corticeus) versipellis (Baudi, 1876)

Myrmechixenini Jacquelin du Val, 1858

Myrmechixenus Chevrolat, 1835

picinus (Aube, 1850)

subterraneus Chevrolat, 1835

vaporariorum Guerin-Meneville, 1843

Phaleriini Blanchard, 1845

Halammobia Semenov, 1901

pellucida (Herbst, 1799)

440

Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati

Phaleria Latreille, 1802

(Phaleria) acuminata Kiister, 1852

(Phaleria) bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1767)

= marcuzzii Aliquo, 1993

ssp. adriatica Rey, 1891

(Phaleria) insulana Rey, 1890

[(Phaleria) provincial is Fauvel, 1901]

ssp . ghidinii Canzoneri, 1961 [E]

ssp. intermedia Schuster, 1930

(Phaleria) reveillierei Mulsant et Rey, 1858

Phtora Germar, 1836

(Phtora) crenata (Germar, 1836)

Scaphidemini Reitter, 1922

Scaphidema L. Redtenbacher, 1 849

metallica (Fabricius, 1792)

Trachyscelini Blanchard, 1845

Tr achy seel is L atrei lie, 1809

aphodioides Latreille, 1809

ALLEC ULINAE Laporte de Castelnau, 1840

Alleculini Laporte de Castelnau, 1840

Allecula Fabricius, 1801

(Allecula) morio (Fabricius, 1787)

(Allecula) rhenana Bach, 1856

(Upinella) aterrima (Rosenhauer, 1847)

Hymenalia Mulsant, 1856

rufipes (Fabricius, 1792)

Hymenophorus Mulsant, 1851

doublieri Mulsant, 1851

Prionychus Sober, 1835

ater (Fabricius, 1775)

fairmairei (Reiche, 1 860)

lugens (Kiister, 1850)

melanarius (Germar, 1813)

Gerandryus Rottenberg, 1873

aetnensis (Rottenberg, 1871)

Gonodera Mulsant, 1856

luperus (Herbst, 1783)

metallica (Kiister, 1850)

Isomira Mulsant, 1856

(Isomira) anaspiformis Weise, 1974 [E]

(Isomira) genistae (Rottenberg, 1871) [E]

(Isomira) hypocrita Mulsant, 1856

(Isomira) icteropa (Kiister, 1852)

(Isomira) marcida Kiesenwetter, 1863

(Isomira) melanophthalma (Lucas, 1 846)

= ferruginea (Kiister, 1850)

(Isomira) murina (Linnaeus, 1758)

= semiflava (Kiister, 1852)

(Isomira) ochropus (Kiister, 1850)

=parvula (Rottenberg, 1870)

(Isomira) parvuloides Weise, 1974 [E]

(Isomira) testacea Seidlitz, 1896

=paupercula( Baudi, 1883)

(Isomira) umbellatarum (Kiesenwetter, 1863)

(Danielomira) scutellaris (Baudi, 1877) [E]

(Heteromira) costessii (Bertolini, 1 868)

(Heteromira) moroi Holzel, 1958

Pseudocistela Crotch, 1873

ceramboides (Linnaeus, 1758)

Mycetochara Berthold, 1827

(Mycetochara) axillaris (Paykull, 1799)

(Mycetochara) flavipes (Fabricius, 1792)

(Ernocharis) flavipennis Reitter, 1908 [Ej

(Ernocharis) humeralis (Fabricius, 1787)

(Ernocharis) maura (Fabricius, 1792)

= linearis (Illiger, 1794)

(Ernocharis) pygmaea (L. Redtenbacher, 1874)

(Ernocharis) quadrimaculata (Latreille, 1804)

(Ernocharis) thoracica (Gredler, 1 854)

Cteniopodini Sober, 1835

Cteniopus Sober, 1835

(Cteniopus) neapolitanus Baudi, 1877 [E]

(Cteniopus) sulphureus (Linnaeus, 1758)

(Rhinobarus) sulphuripes (Germar, 1824)

Heliotaurus Mulsant, 1856

(Heliotaurus) distinctus (Laporte de Castelnau,

1840)

Megischia Sober, 1835

curvipes (Brulle, 1832)

Megischina Reitter, 1906

armillata (Brulle, 1832)

Updating the CD-rom on Coleoptera Tenebrionidae of Italy and the check-list of the same family

441

Omophlus Dejean, 1834

(Euomophlus) rugosicollis (Brulle, 1832)

(Odontomophlus) dispar A. Costa, 1847 [E]

{Odontomophlus) fallaciosus Rottenberg, 1871 [E]

(i Odontomophlus ) flavipennis Kiister, 1849

(i Odontomophlus ) infirmus Kirsch, 1869

( Odontomophlus ) lepturoides (Fabricius, 1787)

( Omophlus ) longicornis Bertolini, 1868

{Omophlus) proteus Kirsch, 1869

{Paromophlus) hirtus Seidlitz, 1896

( Paromophlus ) lividipes Mulsant, 1856

{Paromophlus) picipes (Fabricius, 1792)

{Paromophlus) pubescens (Linnaeus, 1758)

= betulae (Herbst, 1783), rufitarsis (Leske, 1785)

Podonta Sober, 1835

italica Baudi, 1877 [E]

nigrita (Fabricius, 1794)

STENOCHIINAE Kirby, 1837

Cnodalonini Gistel, 1856

Iphthiminus Spilman, 1973

italicus (Truqui, 1857)

Menephilus Mulsant, 1 854

cylindricus (Herbst, 1784)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are very grateful to our dear colleague and

friend Dr. Marcello Romano (Palermo, Italy) for the

photos of this paper.

REFERENCES

Aalbu R.A., 2006. 2006, where are we at: assessing the

currents state of Tenebrionidae systematic on a

global scale (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Cahiers

scientifiques, Departement du Rhone, Museum

Lyon, 10: 55-70.

Aalbu R.A., Triplehorn C.A., Campbell J.M., Brown

K.W., Somerby R.E. & Thomas D.B., 2002. Family

106. Tenebrionidae, The Darkling Beetles. In: Arnett

R.H. Jr, Thomas M.C., Skelley P.E. & Frank

J.H. (Eds.). American Beetles. Vol. 2: Polyphaga,

Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC

Press, Boca Raton-London-New York- Washington,

pp. 463-509.

Aliquo V., Rastelli M., Rastelli S. & Soldati F., 2007.

Coleotteri Tenebrionidi d’ltalia - Darkling Beetles of

Italy. Piccole Faune II. CD-Rom. Museo Civico di

Storia Naturale di Carmagnola (Torino), Associ-

azione Naturalistica Piemontese (Torino), Progetto

Biodiversita, Comitato Parchi (Roma).

Bouchard R, Lawrence J.F., Davies A.E. & Newton

A.F., 2005. Synoptic classification of the World

Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with a review

of family-group names. Annales Zoologici, 55: 499-

530.

Doyen J.T. & Lawrence J.F., 1979. Relationships and

higher classification of some Tenebrionidae and

Zopheridae (Coleoptera). Systematic Entomology, 4:

333-377.

Doyen J.T., Matthews E.G. & Lawrence J.F., 1989. Clas-

sification and Annotated Checklist of the Australian

Genera of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). Invertebrate

Taxonomy, 3: 229-260.

Evangelista M., 2011. Segnalazioni faunistiche italiane,

521-522: Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse, 1880 e

Pentaphyllus testaceus (Hellwig, 1792) (Coleoptera

Tenebrionidae). Bolletino della Societa Entomologica

Italiana, 143: 139.

Ferrer J., Martinez Fernandez J.C. & Castro Tovar A.,

2008. Aportacion al conocimiento del genero Akis

Herbst, 1799 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Pimeli-

inae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica

Aragonesa, 43 : 153-172.

Ferrer J. & Castro Tovar A., 2012. Contribucion al

estudio del genero Pimelia F. Pimelia muricata

Olivier, 1795, una especie valida de la fauna francesa

(Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae). Nouvelle

Revue d'Entomologie, 28: 83-91.

Ferrer J., 2013. Sobre la identidad y distribucion

geografica de Phylan gibbus (Fabricius, 1775) y sus

presuntas sinonimias (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae,

Pedinini). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica

Aragonesa, 52: 49-65.

Gardini G., 1995. Coleoptera Lagriidae, Alleculidae,

Tenebrionidae. In: Minelli A., La Posta S. & Ruffo

S. (Eds.). Check-list delle specie della fauna d'ltalia.

Vol. 58. Calderini, Bologna, 17 pp.

Gardini G., 2010. Boromorphus italicus n. sp. dellTtalia

meridionale (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Doriana,

Supplemento agli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia

Naturale G. Doria“, 8 (368): 1-12.

Giovagnoli G., Strocchi A. & Paglialunga M., 2012.

Coleotteri della Regione Marche. Primo contributo

alia conoscenza della coleotterofauna della Regione

Marche (Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae, Buprestidae,

Meloidae, Tenebrionidae, Lucanidae, Bolbocer-

atidae, Melolonthidae, Cetoniidae, Cerambycidae).

Quaderni per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna,

36 : 159-184.

442

Vittorio Aliquo & Fabien Soldati

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

(ICZN), 1999. International Code of Zoological

Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. ICZN, London,

306 pp.

Kwieton E., 1982. Revue critique des systemes recents

de la famille des Tenebrionidae (Col.). Sbomik

Narodniho Muzea V Praze, 38 B: 79-100.

Lawrence J.F. & Newton A.F., 1995. Families and sub-

families of Coleoptera, with selected genera, notes,

references and data on family-group names. In:

Pakaluk J. & Slipinski S.A. (Eds.). Biology, Phy-

logeny and Classification of Coleoptera. Papers cele-

brating the 80th birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Museum

i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, pp. 779-1006.

Leo P., 2008. Osservazioni su Dichillus corsicus e

descrizione di tre nuove specie del Mediterraneo oc-

cidentale (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Annali del

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale « G. Doria », 99:

603-627.

Leo P., 2009. Observations on some Tenebrionidae

(Coleoptera) from Sardinia, with description of three

new Asida. In: Cerretti P., Mason F., Minelli A., Nardi

G. & Whitmore D. (Eds.). Research on the Terrestrial

Arthropods of Sardinia (Italy). Zootaxa, 23 18: 400-

420.

Leo P., 2012. Tre nuove specie di Asida della Sardegna

(Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Annali del Museo

Civico di Storia Naturale « G. Doria », 104: 97-113.

Leo P., Soldati F. & Soldati L., 2011. A new species of

the genus Opatrum Fabricius, 1775 from South-

Eastern Corsica (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Annales Zoologici, 61: 277-280.

Lobl I., Ando K., Bouchard P., Egorov L.V., Iwan D., Lil-

lig M., Masumoto K., Merkl O., Nabozhenko M.,

Novak V., Pettersson R., Schawaller W. & Soldati F.,

2008. Family Tenebrionidae. In: Lobl I. & Smetana

A. (Eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, vol.

5, Tenebrionoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 670 pp.

Lobl I. & Smetana A. (Eds.), 2008. Catalogue of Palaearc-

tic Coleoptera, vol. 5, Tenebrionoidea. Apollo Books,

Stenstrup, pp. 30-45, 105-352 and 467-645.

Lo Cascio P. & Pasta S., 2012. Lampione, a paradigmatic

case of Mediterranean Island biodiversity. Biodiver-

sity Journal, 3: 311-330.

Porta A., 1934. Fauna Coleopterorum Italica, vol. IV:

Heteromera-Phytophaga. Stabilimento Tipografico

Piacentino, Piacenza, 415 pp.

Silfverberg H., 1984. The Coleopteran genera of Dejean,

1821. II. Polyphaga. 1. Annales Entomologici

Fennici, 50: 58-60.

Sparacio I., 2007. Nuovi coleotteri di Sicilia (Coleoptera

Carabidae e Tenebrionidae). II Naturalista siciliano,

31: 249-259.

Soldati F., 2012. A new species of the genus Dendarus

Dejean 1821 from Greece (Coleoptera, Tenebrion-

idae). Revue de TAssociation Roussillonnaise d’

Entomologie, 21: 52-59.

Watt J.C., 1974. A revised subfamily classification of

Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). New Zealand Journal of

Zoology, 1: 381-452.