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Bonn zoological Bulletin

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Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

SANTHSONIAy

JUL 24 2013

LIBRARIES.

On the Nazeris fauna of China I.

The species of the Qinling Shan, the Daba Shan,

and adjacent mountain ranges

(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)

Volker Assing

Gabelsbergerstr. 2, D-30163 Hannover, Germany; E-mail: vassing.hann@t-online.de.

Abstract. Sixteen species of Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 are recognized in the Qinling Shan, the Daba Shan, and adjacent moun-

tain ranges in Central China. Fourteen of them are described for the first time, illustrated, and distinguished from geo-

graphically close congeners: N. acutus sp. n. (S-Shaanxi: Daba Shan), N. angulatus sp. n. (Shaanxi/Chongqing/Hubet:

Daba Shan), N. bisinuosus sp. n. (S-Shaanxi: Daba Shan), N. clavatus sp. n. (W-Hubei: Daba Shan), V. compressus sp.

n. (Shaanxi/Chongqing: Daba Shan), N. cultellatus sp. n. (S-Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui), NV. custoditus sp. n. (S-Gansu: Qin-

ling Shan), N. dilatatus sp. n. (S-Shaanxi/N-Sichuan: Micang Shan), NV. extensus sp. n. (S-Shaanx1: Daba Shan), N. longilo-

batus sp. n. (S-Gansu: mountains SE Longnan), N. micangicus sp. n. (S-Shaanxi: Micang Shan), NV. parvincisus sp. n.

(S-Shaanxi: Daba Shan), N. rectus sp. n. (W-Hubei: Daba Shan), N. sociabilis sp. n. (S-Gansu: mountains SE Longnan).

The species are keyed and their distributions are mapped. Based on their external and male sexual characters, they rep-

resent five lineages. A checklist of the Nazeris species of China and Taiwan is compiled. The genus now includes 143

species and seven subspecies; 66 of them have been reported from mainland China.

Key words. Taxonomy, Staphylinidae, Paederinae, Nazeris, Qinling Shan, Daba Shan, China, new species, distribution

May 2013

maps, key to species.

INTRODUCTION

Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 is currently assigned to the subtribe

Astenina of the tribe Paederini. The monophyly of the

genus is constituted particularly by the morphology of the

aedeagus, which is characterized by the presence of a pair

of dorso-lateral apophyses (see discussion in Assing 2009),

a unique character among Paederinae. All known Nazeris

species are micropterous, flightless, and have more or less

restricted distributions, which suggests that the genus 1s

probably a phylogenetically old taxon and that the current

distribution, especially distribution gaps, may be interpret-

ed primarily as a result of extinction rather than expan-

sion by dispersal and colonization events.

According to the Palaearctic Catalogue (Smetana

2004), an update of this catalogue (Schiilke unpubl.), and

a manuscript (Assing unpubl.), Nazeris is currently rep-

resented in the Palaearctic region sensu Smetana (2004)

by 121 species and seven subspecies. Eleven species are

known from the West Palaearctic (Assing 2009), thirteen

from the Himalaya (North India and Nepal), 25 species

and six subspecies from Japan (exclusive of the doubtful

record of N. siamensis Rougemont, 1988), one species

from South Korea, 19 species and one subspecies from

Taiwan, and 52 species from mainland China. Only eight

additional species have been reported from adjacent parts

of the Oriental region, suggesting that the distribution of

Received: 21.12.2012

Accepted: 22.02.2013

the genus is essentially Palaearctic (Assing 2009). Seven

species were described from North Vietnam (Ito 2010a,

b, Jarrige 1948, Watanabe 1996), and Rougemont (1988)

described N. siamensis from northern Thailand. Accord-

ing to Smetana (2004), this species was subsequently

recorded also from Japan. However, I have been unable

to trace the primary record, nor is there an entry of such

a record in Lee Herman’s unpublished catalogue (Herman,

pers. comm.). In view of the flightlessness and generally

restricted distributions of Nazeris species, it seems like-

ly that the record of N. siamensis from Japan is based on

an error.

In mainland China, Nazeris ranks second among the

paederine genera with respect to the diversity of micropter-

ous species with restricted distributions, outnumbered in

described species only by Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802

(Assing 2013). The provinces with the greatest diversity

of previously described Nazeris species are Zhejiang (15

species) and Yunnan (11), followed by Sichuan (8),

Guangxi (6), Anhui (3), Jiangxi (2), Fujian (2), Shaanxi

(2), Xizang (2), and Guizhou (1). For details see the check-

list provided in this paper. The two species from Shaanxi

are the only ones that had been recorded from the Qin-

ling Shan, none was known from the Daba Shan. Not a

single species had been reported from Gansu and Hubei.

Corresponding editor: D. Ahrens

The Qinling Shan is a geologically old mountain range

in central China with an east-west extension of approxi-

mately 650 km from southern Gansu in the east to Henan

in the west. The highest peak of the Qinling Shan is the

Taibai Shan at 3,767 m. This mountain range separates the

temperate north of China from the south, whose climate

is mainly influenced by subtropical monsoon. Data on the

geology, geography, and climate were compiled by

Ratschbacher et al. (2003) and Rost (1993). Adjacent to

the Qinling Shan is the Daba Shan, a mountain range re-

puted for its glacial relicts and extending along the bor-

der between Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Chongqing eastwards

into western Hubei (Fig. 1). The Shennongjia massif forms

the easternmost part of the range and has the highest peaks,

with six peaks ranging in altitude from 3,000 to 3,105 m.

During a joint field trip to Shaanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan

conducted by Michael Schiilke, David Wrase (both

Berlin), and the author, five undescribed Nazeris species

were collected in the Qinling Shan and the adjacent Mi-

cang Shan (southern Shaanxi and southern Gansu

provinces). An examination of material collected during

earlier field trips to the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan

by Michael Schtilke and David Wrase yielded ten addi-

tional undescribed species.

2 Volker Assing

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The morphological studies were conducted using a Ste-

mi SV 11 microscope (Zeiss Germany) and a Jenalab com-

pound microscope (Carl Zeiss Jena). A digital camera

(Nikon Coolpix 995) was used for the photographs. The

maps were created using MapCreator 2.0 (primap) soft-

ware.

Body length was measured from the anterior margin of

the mandibles (in resting position) to the abdominal apex,

the length of the forebody from the anterior margin of the

mandibles to the posterior margin of the elytra, head length

from the anterior margin of the frons to the posterior mar-

gin of the head, elytral length at the suture from the apex

of the scutellum to the posterior margin of the elytra, and

the length of the aedeagus from the apex of the ventral

process to the base of the aedeagal capsule. The “para-

meral” side (1.e., the side where the sperm duct enters) 1s

referred to as the ventral, the opposite side as the dorsal

aspect.

For a discussion of the terminology of the aedeagal mor-

phology see Assing (2009).

Xian

1 |

Qinling Shan

Daba Shan

Fig. 1. Geographic position of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan in China. The frame marks the limits of the distribution maps.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

OZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 3

COLLECTION MATERIAL DEPOSITORIES

SNUC _ Insect Collection of Shanghai

Normal University, Shanghai

ZFMK_ Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander

Koenig, Bonn

cAss author’s private collection

cSch private collection Michael Schilke, Berlin

RESULTS

Diversity and distribution

Including the new species described below, Nazeris now

includes 143 species, with 66 species known from main-

land China. Fourteen species are described from the south

of Gansu province, from Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, the bor-

der between Shaanxi and Chongqing, Henan, and Anhui.

Thus, the genus is now represented in the study region by

a total of 16 species, 15 of them endemic. Six species are

known from the Qinling Shan and adjacent mountain

ranges, two from the Micang Shan, and eight from other

parts of the Daba Shan.

The available data suggest that the Nazeris species of

the study region are locally endemic. Only N. cultellatus

has a less restricted distribution, which ranges from the

central parts of the Qinling Shan eastwards to the

Tianzhushan in Anhui. In general, closely related species,

particularly hypothesized adelophotaxa, are at the same

time geographically close, suggesting that the separation

of gene pools and ensuing speciation was — at least pri-

marily — initiated by local geological and climatic events.

Species groups

Intrageneric phylogenetic affiliations had not been ad-

dressed previously. Based on external and male sexual

characters, the Nazeris fauna of the study region is rep-

resented by five lineages.

The N. shaanxiensis group includes five species (N.

shaanxiensis, N. custoditus, N. sociabilis, N. micangicus,

N. dilatatus) distributed in the Qinling Shan and the Mi-

cang Shan and is characterized by an aedeagus with a short

and stout ventral process and with short and stout dorso-

lateral apophyses, as well as by a broad and usually not

very deep posterior excision of the male sternite VIII.

Among the species of this group, NV. dilatatus from the Mi-

cang Shan takes a somewhat isolated position, since it dif-

fers from the other representatives by rather numerous

characters (coloration; modified shape of male sternite

VII; relatively deep and broad posterior excision of male

sternite VIII; apices of dorso-lateral apophyses oblique-

ly truncate and with small tooth-like projections).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

The N. parvincisus group is represented by a single

species, N. parvincisus from the Daba Shan. It is charac-

terized by an aedeagus with a short and stout, apically con-

vex ventral process and with short and stout dorso-later-

al apophyses, a small posterior excision of the male ster-

nite VII, strongly convex eyes, coarse and dense puncta-

tion of the abdomen, especially of tergites II-VI (punc-

tation of tergite VI as dense and coarse as that of tergite

IV), and coarse, dense, and partly confluent punctation of

the pronotum and elytra. The similar general morpholo-

gy of the aedeagus (short and broad ventral process, rel-

atively short and stout dorso-lateral apophyses) suggests

that the N. parvincisus group is most closely affiliated with

the N. shaanxiensis group.

The most diverse and widespread species group is the

N. longilobatus group, which comprises six species, N.

longilobatus and N. huanghaoi from the Qinling Shan, as

well as N. clavatus, N. rectus, N. bisinuosus, and N. acu-

tus from the Daba Shan. This lineage is characterized by

the morphology of the ventral process of the aedeagus

(slender and in ventral view acute, dorsally mostly with

membranous extensions), the mostly long, slender, and

distinctly sclerotized dorso-lateral apophyses, and a rela-

tively deep and mostly narrow posterior excision of the

aedeagus. Based on the external and male sexual charac-

ters, three species pairs are identified. One is represented

by N. longilobatus + N. huanghaoi (relatively large body

size, long elytra, similar morphology of the aedeagus), one

by N. clavatus + N. rectus (non-areolate punctation of the

head; similar morphology of the aedeagus), and one by

N. bisinuosus + N. acutus (small body size, similar mor-

phology of the aedeagus).

The N. extensus group includes two species distributed

in the Daba Shan: N. extensus and N. angulatus. The

monophyly of this group is constituted particularly by the

derived morphology of the aedeagus (ventral process slen-

der, weakly sclerotized, and with pronounced dorsal ex-

tensions; dorso-lateral apophyses long and slender, sub-

basally sinuate and apically straight) and by the conspic-

uously coarse and granulose punctation of the head. In ad-

dition, the species of this group share a slender habitus,

a pronotum with an uneven surface (in posterior half on

either side with elevations and irregularly distributed punc-

tation) and not particularly dense punctation, and a male

sternite VII with a relatively small and somewhat V-

shaped posterior excision. Based on the general morphol-

ogy of the aedeagus, the N. extensus group is probably

most closely affiliated with the N. longilobatus group.

The N. cultellatus group includes two species, N. cul-

tellatus from the Qinling Shan and N. compressus from

the Daba Shan. These species share a derived morpholo-

gy of the aedeagus (ventral process laterally conspicuous-

ly compressed, ventral face forming a sharp edge), as well

as rather small body size (length of forebody 2.3—2.8 mm),

relatively pale coloration (forebody reddish to dark-

©ZFMK

4 Volker Assing

@ Xian

Fig. 2. Distributions of species of the N. shaanxiensis group (open symbols) and of the NV. parvincisus group (filled symbol): N.

sociabilis (open circles); N. custoditus (open squares); N. dilatatus (open diamonds); N. shaanxiensis (open triangles); N. parvin-

cisus (filled circles).

brown), the non-areolate punctation of the head, and a rel-

atively small and broad posterior excision of the male ster-

nite VIII.

Ecology

The examined material was mainly collected in various

forest habitats, both deciduous and coniferous, by sifting

leaf litter and moss. The altitudes where the endemic

species were found range from 1070 to 2400 m, with the

majority of records ranging from 1400 to 2100 m. In

Henan and Anhui, N. cu/tellatus was also collected at al-

titudes below 1000 m. On numerous occasions two or

three species were found together in the same samples. Ex-

cept for N. acutus and N. bisinuosus (one observation),

syntopic species belonged to different species groups. Ten-

eral adults were represented in the material of three

species, N. micangicus (August), N. dilatatus (August),

and N. rectus (July).

The Nazeris shaanxiensis species group

Nazeris shaanxiensis Hu & Li, 2010 (Figs 2—5)

Type material examined. Paratypes: 1¢: “Foping,

Shaanxi Prov., alt. 1250-1400 m, 18-VH-2004, HU Jia-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Yao, TANG Liang & ZHU Li-Long leg. / [Paratype]

Nazeris shaanxiensis HU & LI, 2010, SHNU Collections”

(cAss); 19: “West Sangongli Gou, Houzhenzi, Zhouzhi

County, Shaanxi Prov. / N 33.50.613 E 107.48.524, alt.

1336 m, 17~19-V-2008, HUANG Hao & XU Wang leg.

/ [Paratype] Nazeris shaanxiensis HU & LI, 2010, SHNU

Collections” (cAss).

Additional material examined. China: S-Shaanxi: 24,

4°, Qinling Shan, pass on road Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km

SW Xi’an, 33°46’N, 107°58’E, 1700 m, N-slope, small

creek valley, mixed deciduous forest, moss sifted,

3.VII.2001, leg. Schiilke (cSch, cAss, ZFMK); 292, Qin-

ling Shan, pass on road Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW

Xi’an, 33°44’N, 107°58’E, 1880 m, base of rocks, sifted,

4,.VI1I.2001, leg. Schiilke (cSch); 39, Qinling Shan, river

bank above Houzhenzi, 115 km WSW Xi’an, 33°50’N,

107°47’E, 1450 m, mixed deciduous forest, moss sifted,

4—5.VII.2001, leg. Schiilke & Wrase (cSch, cAss).

Diagnosis. In external characters, N. shaanxiensis is high-

ly similar to NV. custoditus (see the following section). It

is distinguished from this species only by the shape of the

male sternite VIII (slightly more transverse and with

slightly broader posterior excision) (Fig. 3), and by the

shapes of the ventral process and of the dorso-lateral

apophyses of the aedeagus (Figs 4—5).

©ZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 5

Figs 3-14. Nazeris shaanxiensis, paratype (3-5), N. custoditus (6-10), and N. sociabilis (11-14). 3, 8, 11. Male sternite VIII. 4-5,

9-10, 12-14. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 6. Habitus. 7. Forebody. Scale bars: 6—7: 1.0 mm; 3—5, 8-14: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©ZFMK

6 Volker Assing

Distribution and natural history. This species is endem-

ic to the Qinling Shan (environs of the Taibai Shan) (Fig.

2), where it was collected at altitudes of 1200-1880 m (Hu

et al. 2010; material examined), occasionally together with

N. huanghaoi and/or N. cultellatus.

Nazeris custoditus sp. n. (Figs 2, 6—10)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [5] - S-Gansu, N

Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan, 34°10°17”N, 105°42°56”E,

1850 m, 29.VII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus ¢ Nazeris

custoditus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes:

12°: “CHINA - S-Gansu [CH12-05], W-Qinling Shan, 47

km N Chengxian, 34°10°17”N, 105°42°56”E, 1850 m,

mixed secondary forest margin, litter sifted, 29. VII.2012,

M. Schiilke” (ZFMK); 19: “CHINA [4] - S-Gansu, N

Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan, 34°08’16”N, 105°46°42”E,

1760 m, 28.VII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss); 14: “CHINA

[4b] - S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan,

34°08°16"N, 105°46°42”E, 1760 m, 28.VII.2012,

V. Assing” (cAss); 19: “CHINA - S-Gansu [CH12-04],

W-Qinling Shan, 43 km N Chengxian, 34°08°16”N,

105°46°42”E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous for-

est margin, sifted, 28.VII.2012, M. Schiilke” (cSch); 29:

“CHINA [6] - S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan,

34°10°20"N, 105°42710”E, 1830: m, 29:VIl2012,

V. Assing” (cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet is the past participle of

the Latin verb custodire (to beware, to arrest, to keep in

custody). It refers to the fact that the species was discov-

ered in an area of non-evident military interest, which we

were unaware of and which earned us a 7-hour custody

and interrogation by military personnel.

Description. Body length 5.3—5.9 mm; length of forebody

2.8-3.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 6. Coloration: head and

elytra dark-brown; pronotum usually blackish-brown, i.e.,

slightly darker than head and elytra; abdomen blackish-

brown to blackish; legs and antennae yellowish.

Head (Fig. 7) indistinctly oblong, 1.02—1.06 times as

long as broad, and of somewhat variable shape, postocu-

lar region weakly and evenly convex to strongly convex

in dorsal view; punctation dense and areolate; interstices

without microsculpture, reduced to narrow ridges, occa-

sionally in median dorsal portion slightly broader; eyes

of moderate size and moderately convex, approximately

1/3 as long as the distance from posterior margin of eye

to posterior constriction of head. Antenna 1.5—1.7 mm

long.

Pronotum (Fig. 7) approximately 1.15 times as long as

broad and 0.85—0.90 times as broad as head; punctation

non-areolate, distinctly coarser than that of head, dense

but less so than that of head; interstices narrower than

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

diameter of punctures, glossy; impunctate midline narrow,

mostly of more or less reduced length and sometimes pres-

ent only in posterior half.

Elytra (Fig. 7) 0.55—0.60 times as long as pronotum;

humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense and coarse,

punctures denser and slightly less coarse than those of

pronotum, sometimes shallower and less defined; inter-

stices glossy. Hind wings completely reduced.

Abdomen approximately 1.20—1.25 times as broad as

elytra; punctation dense and coarse on anterior tergites,

gradually becoming less dense and finer towards posteri-

or tergites; interstices without microsculpture and glossy;

posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe;

posterior margin of tergite VIII weakly convex.

&: sternites VI and VII unmodified; sternite VIII with

unmodified pubescence, posterior excision relatively

small and V-shaped, its depth approximately 1/5 the length

of sternite (Fig. 8); aedeagus approximately 0.9 mm long;

dorso-lateral apophyses strongly sclerotized, short, and

stout, not reaching apex of median lobe (Figs 9-10).

Comparative notes. The similar external and male sex-

ual characters suggest that N. custoditus 1s closely relat-

ed to NV. shaanxiensis. It is distinguished from that species

by on average darker coloration, a somewhat broader pos-

terior excision of the male sternite VII, shorter, stouter

and more strongly sclerotized dorso-lateral apophyses (in

N. shaanxiensis projecting beyond apex of median lobe),

and the differently shaped ventral process, particularly the

rounded apex in ventral view (N. shaanxiensis: apex of

ventral process acute in ventral view).

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in two localities in the western Qinling Shan, to the north

of Chengxian (Fig. 2). The specimens were sifted from leaf

litter in secondary deciduous and mixed forests and from

a heap of rotting plants at altitudes of 1760-1850 m.

Naczeris sociabilis sp. n. (Figs 2, 11-15)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [13] - S-Gansu,

mountains SE Longnan, — sifted, 33°13’03”N,

105°14°55”E, 2080 m, 4.VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holoty-

pus ¢ Nazeris sociabilis sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012”

(cAss). Paratypes: 2, 29: same data as holotype (cAss);

33, 22: “CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-13], Mts. 36 km SE

Longnan, 33°13’°03”N, 105°14’°55”E, 2080 m, N-slope

with mixed pine and birch forest, litter and mushrooms

sifted, 4. VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch, cAss); 12,

19: same data, but “[CH12-13b] ... E-slope with mixed

pine and birch forest, litter sifted” (cSch, cAss); 1 9: “CHI-

NA [7] - S-Gansu, mountains SE Longnan, sifted,

332137207 Ny 10SeIS ORE 2 170 ms es 1 AVAlle2 Oe

V. Assing” (ZFMK); Ae, 39: “CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-

©ZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 7

07], Mts. 36 km SE Longnan, 33°13’20”N, 105°15’10”E,

2170 m, N-slope with shrubs and scattered coniferous

trees, litter & mushrooms sifted, 31.VII.2012, leg. M.

Schiilke” (cSch); 14: “CHINA [8] - S-Gansu, mountains

SE Longnan, sifted, 33°11’20”N, 105°14°24”E, 2030 m,

31.VII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss); 14, 12: “CHINA [18] -

S-Gansu, mountains SE Longnan, sifted, 33°11°17”N,

105°14°12”E, 2060 m, 7.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss);

1¢: “CHINA [18a]- S-Gansu, mts. SE Longnan, nest of

Formica, 33°11717”°N, 105°14°12”E, 2060 m,

7.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss); 23, 12: “CHINA [18b]-

S-Gansu, mountains SE Longnan, sifted, 33°11°16”N,

105°14°08”E, 2130 m, 7.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: socia-

ble) alludes to the fact that this species shares its habitat

with N. longilobatus.

Description. Body length 4.8—6.0 mm; length of forebody

2.7-3.1 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 15. External characters,

including coloration, similar to those of N. custoditus. Dis-

tinguished only by the male sexual characters.

¢: sternites VI and VII unmodified; sternite VIII (Fig.

11) of similar shape and chaetotaxy as that of N. custodi-

tus; aedeagus approximately 0.9 mm long; dorso-lateral

apophyses not reaching apex of median lobe (Figs 12—14).

Comparative notes. A distinction of N. sociabilis from

N. custoditus 1s possible only based on the morphology

of the aedeagus, particularly the different shape of the ven-

tral process (broader and shorter, apically acute both in

lateral and in ventral view). Nazeris sociabilis differs from

N. shaanxiensis by the relative length of the apophyses (N.

shaanxiensis: projecting beyond apex of median lobe), and

the basally broader ventral process.

Distribution and natural history. The species is known

only from a pass in a mountain range to the southeast of

Longnan (Fig. 2), where the specimens were sifted from

leaf litter, soil, moss, and fern roots beneath shrubs and

in mixed forests at altitudes of 2030-2170 m.

Nazeris micangicus sp. n. (Figs 16-21, 38)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [28]- S-Shaanxi,

Micang Shan, 34 km S Hanzhong, 32°44°22”N,

106°51°55”E, 1460 m, 14. VII.2012, V. Assing / Holoty-

pus 4 Nazeris micangicus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012”

(cAss). Paratypes: 14, 19: same data as holotype (cAss);

14, 19 [partly teneral]: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi [CH12-28],

Micang Shan, 34 km S Hanzhong, 32°44°22”N,

106°51°55”E, 1460 m, W-slope, deciduous forest margin

with bamboo, litter, grass, and moss sifted, 14. VHi.2012,

leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 14, 19 [partly teneral]: “CHI-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

NA: S-Shaanxi [CH12-28], Micang Shan, 34 km S

Hanzhong, 32°44°22”N, 106°51°55”E, 1460 m, W-slope,

deciduous forest margin with bamboo, litter, grass, and

moss sifted, 14.VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 12,

19 [partly teneral]: “CHINA (S.Shaanxi), Micang Shan,

34 km S Hanzhong, 32°44’22”N, 106°51°55”E, 1460 m,

W.slope, margin of deciduous forest with bamboo, ferns,

litter, roots, soil sifted, 14.VIH.2012 D.W. Wrase [28]”

(cAss, ZFMK).

Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived

from Micang, the name of the mountain range where the

species was discovered.

Description. Body length 5.2—5.8 mm; length of forebody

2.8—3.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 16. External characters as

in N. custoditus (Fig. 7), distinguished only by the male

sexual characters.

3: sternite VI unmodified; posterior margin of sternite

VII weakly convex in the middle, almost truncate (Fig.

18); sternite VIII with unmodified pubescence, posterior

excision V-shaped and moderately deep, its depth nearly

1/4 the length of sternite (Fig. 19); aedeagus approximate-

ly 0.85 mm long; dorso-lateral apophyses strongly scle-

rotized, short, and stout, not reaching apex of median lobe

(Figs 20-21).

Comparative notes. Based on the external and male sex-

ual characters, N. micangicus is closely allied to N.

shaanxiensis, N. custoditus, and N. sociabilis. It is reliably

distinguished from them only based on the male sexual

characters. It differs from N. shaanxiensis particularly by

the shorter dorso-lateral apophyses, from N. custoditus by

on average paler coloration, the broad and slightly deep-

er posterior excision of the male sternite VII, and the

shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus (shorter and

broader in ventral view; apex more acute in ventral and

in lateral view), and from N. sociabilis by the smaller

aedeagus and the more slender and apically more acute

ventral process of the median lobe.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Micang Shan some 35 km to the south of

Hanzhong in southern Shaanxi (Fig. 38). The specimens

were sifted from leaf litter, grass roots, and moss in a de-

ciduous forest with bamboo at an altitude of 1460 m. Some

of the paratypes are slightly teneral.

Nazeris dilatatus sp. n. (Figs 2, 22-31)

Type material. Holotype 3: “CHINA [30] - S-Shaanxi,

Micang Shan, 33 km S Hanzhong, 32°44°44”N,

106°52°46”E, 1360 m, 15.VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holoty-

pus ¢ Nazeris dilatatus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss).

©ZFMK

8 Volker Assing

_ pee 24

Figs 15-26. Nazeris sociabilis (15), N. micangicus (16-21), and N. dilatatus (22-26). 15-16, 22. Habitus. 17, 23. Forebody. 18,

24. Male sternite VII. 19, 25-26. Male sternite VIII. 20-21. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. Scale bars: 15—17, 22—23: 1.0

mm; 18-21, 24-26: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©ZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 9

Paratypes: 24: same data as holotype (cAss); 2, 32

[partly teneral]: “CHINA [27a]-S-Shaanxi [recte: N-

Sichuan], Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32°40°52”N,

106°49°16”E, 1090 m, 14.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss);

24, 2° [partly teneral]: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi [CH12-30],

Micang Shan, 33 km S Hanzhong, 32°44°44”°N,

106°52°46”E, 1360 m, stream valley, forest margin, lit-

ter and soil sifted, 15.VIII.2012, M. Schiilke” (cSch); 22:

“CHINA (S.Shaanxi) Micang Shan, 33 km S Hanzhong,

32°44°44”N, 106°52°46”E, 1360 m, (stream valley, shady

brookside with bamboo, decidious [sic] shrubs, litter,

moss, soil sifted) 15.VIII.2012 D.W. Wrase [30B]”

(cAss); 14, 12: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi [recte: N-Sichuan]

[CH12-27], Micang Shan, 42 km S_ Hanzhong,

32°40°52”N, 106°49°16”E, 1090 m, NW-slope, mixed

forest margin with rocks, litter, grass, and moss sifted,

14. VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 34, 19: “CHINA

[29] - S-Shaanxi, Micang Shan, 30 km S Hanzhong,

Bao OneNe wl OGno5007 GE. 1070) mi IS VIllL2012,

V. Assing” (cAss, ZFMK); 13: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi

[CH12-29], Micang Shan, 30 km S_ Hanzhong,

32°45°56”N, 106°53°57”E, 1070 m, stream valley, litter

and soil sifted, 15. VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 19:

“CHINA (S.Shaanxi) Micang Shan, 30 km S Hanzhong,

1070 m, 32°45°56”N, 106°53°57”E, (stream valley, lit-

ter, soil sifted) 15. VIII.2012 D.W. Wrase [29]” (cSch); 24

[teneral]: “CHINA [32] - S-Shaanxi [recte: N-Sichuan],

Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32°40°43”N,

106°48°33”E, 1090 m, 17.VHI.2012, V. Assing” (cAss);

13, 2° [partly teneral]: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi [recte: N-

Sichuan] [CH12-32], Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong,

32°40°43”N, 106°48°33”E, 1090 m, stream valley, shady

S-slope, sec. mixed forest, litter, grass, and herbs near path

sifted, 17. VIII.2012, M. Schiilke” (cSch); 14, 19 [9 ten-

eral]: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi [CH12-31], Micang Shan, 40

km SW Hanzhong, 32°52’25”N, 106°37711”E, 1530 m,

N-slope, mixed secondary forest, litter and moss sifted,

16. VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch, cAss); 14: “CHI-

NA (S-Shaanx1) Micang Shan, 40 km SW Hanzhong, 1530

m, 32°52’25”N, 106°37’11’E (N.slope, mixed second-

ary forest, litter, moss sifted) 16.VIHI.2012 D.W. Wrase

[31]” (cSch); 104, 79 [identified by J.-Y. Hu]: “China:

Sichuan Prov., Bazhong City, Nanjiang Coun., Micang-

shan, N32.39.825 E107.01.788, alt. 1800 m, 27~28-IV-

2008, Huang Hao & Xu Wang leg.” (SNUC).

Comment. The data for the paratypes deposited in the

SNUC were communicated to me by J.-Y. Hu. His iden-

tification was confirmed based on photographs of the male

primary and secondary sexual characters.

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin adjective: dilated)

refers to the characteristic shape of the ventral process of

the aedeagus.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Description. Body length 5.5-6.5 mm; length of forebody

2.8—3.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 22. Coloration: forebody

in mature specimens uniformly dark-brown to blackish

brown; abdomen blackish; legs and antennae yellowish.

Other external characters (Fig. 23) as in N. custoditus.

¢: sternite VI unmodified; posterior margin of sternite

VII convexly produced in the middle (Fig. 24); sternite

VIII with unmodified pubescence, posterior excision

broadly V-shaped and rather deep, its depth nearly 1/3 the

length of sternite (Figs 25—26); aedeagus approximately

0.85 mm long, median lobe with distinct lateral projec-

tions and apically acute in ventral view; dorso-lateral

apophyses not reaching apex of median lobe, apically

obliquely truncate and with small tooth-like projection di-

rected towards median lobe (Figs 27-31).

Intraspecific variation. The shape of the ventral process

of the aedeagus (lateral view) and of the posterior mar-

gin of the male sternite VII are slightly variable (Figs

25-28).

Comparative notes. Nazeris dilatatus is readily distin-

guished from other geographically close congeners by the

conspicuous shape of the posterior margin of the male ster-

nite VII, as well as by the characteristic shapes of the ven-

tral process and of the dorso-lateral apophyses of the

aedeagus, from most species also by the deeper posteri-

or excision of the male sternite VIII.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in several localities in the Micang Shan to the south of

Hanzhong in southern Shaanxi and in northern Sichuan

(Fig. 2). The specimens from Sichuan were collected in

mixed forests by sifting leaf litter and moss, and in veg-

etation composed of perennial herbs by shaking roots and

scraping the soil. The altitudes range from 1070 to 1800

m. Several paratypes are teneral.

The Nazeris parvincisus species group

Nazeris parvincisus sp. n. (Figs 2, 32—37)

Type material. Holotype @: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Daba

Shan), SE pass, 22 km NW Zhenping, 32°00’N, 109°21’E,

1930 m, 11.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-10] / mixed

deciduous forest (sifted) [C01-10] / Holotypus 4 Nazeris

parvincisus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes:

14: same data as holotype (cAss); 14: “CHINA: Border

Shaanxi - Sichuan [now Chongqing] (Daba Shan), pass

20 km SSE Zhenping, 1700-1800 m, 31°44’N, 109°35’E,

12.VI1I.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-07C] / mixed forest,

small creek valley, moss, bark (sifted) [C0O1-07C]”

(cSch).

©Z7FMK

10 Volker Assing

34 35

Figs 27-37. Nazeris dilatatus (27-31) and N. parvincisus (32-37). 27-30, 36-37. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 31.

Dorso-lateral apophysis of aedeagus in ventral view. 32. Habitus. 33. Forebody. 34. Male sternite VII. 35. Male sternite VIII. Scale

bars: 32-33: 1.0 mm; 27-30, 34-37: 0.5 mm; 31: 0.1 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©ZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 11

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adject.: with small

incision) refers to the shape of the male sternite VIII.

Description. Body length 5.5—6.0 mm; length of forebody

2.9-3.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 32. Coloration: body black-

ish-brown to black; legs and antennae yellowish.

Head (Fig. 33) weakly oblong, approximately 1.05 times

as long as broad; punctation coarse, dense, and not areo-

late; interstices without microsculpture; eyes relatively

small, but strongly convex, approximately 1/4 as long as

the distance from posterior margin of eye to posterior con-

striction of head. Antenna approximately 1.8—2.0 mm

long.

Pronotum (Fig. 33) approximately 1.15 times as long

as broad and approximately 0.8 times as broad as head;

punctation non-areolate and dense, distinctly coarser than

that of head; interstices glossy, forming narrow ridges;

midline with short impunctate elevation in posterior half.

Elytra (Fig. 33) approximately 0.6 times as long as

pronotum; humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense, de-

fined, and coarse; interstices glossy. Hind wings complete-

ly reduced.

Abdomen approximately 1.2 times as broad as elytra;

punctation dense, defined, and rather coarse, not distinct-

ly sparser on tergite VI than on tergite IV; tergites VII and

VIII with sparser and finer punctation than tergites III-VI;

interstices without microsculpture and glossy; posterior

margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; posterior

margin of tergite VIII weakly convex.

G: sternite VI unmodified; posterior margin of sternite

VU with small and indistinct concavity in the middle (Fig.

34); sternite VIII with unmodified pubescence, posterior

excision small (though somewhat variable), its depth on-

ly 0.10—0.15 times the length of sternite (Fig. 35); aedea-

gus stout, approximately 0.85 mm long; ventral process

apically convex and with deep median incision in ventral

view; dorso-lateral apophyses short, curved, stout, slight-

ly projecting beyond apex of ventral process (Figs 36-37).

Comparative notes. Nazeris parvincisus 1s distinguished

from the syntopic N. extensus by the darker coloration, the

less coarse punctation of the head, the denser punctation

of the head and pronotum, the less uneven surface of the

posterior proportion of the pronotum, the longer antennae,

the denser and coarser punctation of the abdominal ter-

gite VI, the different shape of the male sternite VII, and

by the completely different morphology of the aedeagus.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in two localities in the Daba Shan, to the northwest and

south-southeast of Zhenping, in southern Shaanxi and in

the border region between Shaanxi and Chongqing. The

specimens were sifted from leaf litter and moss.in mixed

forests at altitudes 1700-1930 m, partly together with N.

extensus, N. compressus, and/or N. angulatus.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

The Nazeris longilobatus species group

Nazeris longilobatus sp. n. (Figs 38-46)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [18b]- S-Gansu,

mountains SE Longnan, sifted, 33°11°16”N,

105°14’08”E, 2130 m, 7.VII.2012, V. Assing / Holoty-

pus ¢ Nazeris longilobatus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012”

(cAss). Paratypes: 1 9: same data as holotype (cAss); 29:

“CHINA (S.Gansu), Mts. 38 km SE Longnan, 2130 m,

33°11°16”N, 105°14’°08”E, (W.slope with scree, scrubs,

trees, litter, soil, moss sifted) 7.VIII.2012 D.W. Wrase

[18B]” (cSch); 24, 12: “CHINA [18] - S-Gansu, moun-

tains SE Longnan, sifted, 33°11°17”N, 105°14°12”E,

2060 m, 7.VHI.2012, V. Assing” (cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet is composed of the Lat-

in adjectives longus (long) and lobatus (lobed) and alludes

to the elongated dorso-lateral apophyses of the aedeagus.

Description. Body length 5.5—6.5 mm; length of forebody

3.0-3.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 39. Coloration: body in

mature specimens uniformly blackish; legs and antennae

yellowish.

Head (Fig. 40) approximately as long as broad; punc-

tation dense and areolate; interstices without microsculp-

ture, reduced to narrow ridges; eyes of moderate size and

distinctly convex, at least slightly less than 1/3 as long as

the distance from posterior margin of eye to posterior con-

striction of head. Antenna |.7—2.0 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 40) 1.10—1.14 times as long as broad and

approximately 0.85 times as broad as head; punctation

non-areolate, distinctly coarser than that of head, dense

but less so than that of head; interstices narrower than dia-

meter of punctures, glossy; impunctate midline narrow,

mostly of more or less reduced length and sometimes pres-

ent only in posterior half.

Elytra (Fig. 40) approximately 0.7 times as long as

pronotum, or nearly so; humeral angles obsolete; puncta-

tion dense, defined, and coarse, nearly as coarse as that

of pronotum; interstices glossy. Hind wings completely re-

duced.

Abdomen approximately 1.25 times as broad as elytra;

punctation dense, defined, and relatively coarse on ante-

rior tergites (Fig. 41), only slightly less dense and some-

what finer on posterior tergites (Fig. 42); interstices with-

out microsculpture and glossy; posterior margin of tergite

VII without palisade fringe; posterior margin of tergite

VIII weakly convex.

S: sternite VI unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 43) shal-

lowly depressed in the middle; sternite VHI with unmod-

ified pubescence, posterior excision narrowly V-shaped

and moderately deep, its depth nearly 0.3 times as long

as the sternite (Fig. 44); aedeagus approximately 0.9 mm

long; dorso-lateral apophyses long, distinctly curved in

©ZFMK

2 Volker Assing

wg Xian

100 km

Fig. 38. Distributions of species of the NV. /ongilobatus group (open symbols) and of the N. shaanxiensis group (filled symbol):

N. longilobatus (open square); N. huanghaoi (open triangles); N. bisinuosus (open circles); N. rectus (open diamonds); N. micang-

icus (filled circle).

ventral view, and nearly reaching apex of median lobe

(Figs 45-46).

Comparative notes. This species is distinguished from

the syntopic NV. sociabilis by the darker coloration, on av-

erage larger body size, the broader head, the on average

less oblong and posteriorly more strongly tapering prono-

tum, noticeably longer elytra, denser and more defined

punctation on the abdomen (particularly noticeable on ter-

gites VI and VII), the deeper and narrower posterior ex-

cision of the male sternite VII, and by the much more

slender median lobe of the aedeagus with much longer and

more slender dorso-lateral apophyses. Based on the male

sexual characters, N. Jongilobatus is closely related to N.

huanghaoi from the environs of the Taibai Shan. It dif-

fers from this species by slightly larger size, the larger

head, the more densely and less glossy abdomen, the less

deep posterior excision of the male sternite VHI, by the

different shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus, as

well as by the distinctly bent dorso-lateral apophyses. For

illustrations of N. huanghaoi see Hu et al. (2010) and Figs

47-49,

Distribution and natural history. The species is known

only from one slope near a pass in a mountain range to

the southeast of Longnan (Fig. 38). The specimens were

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

sifted from leaf litter, soil, and moss beneath shrubs at al-

titudes of 2060 and 2130 m, together with N. sociabilis.

Nazeris huanghaoi Hu & Li, 2010 (Figs 38, 47-49)

Type material examined. Paratypes: 1, 19: “Daoban,

Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Prov., N 38.43.645 E 107.58.147

/ alt. 1900 m, 4-V-2008, HUANG Hao & XU Wang leg.

/ [Paratype] Nazeris huanghaoi HU & LI, 2010, SHNU

Collections” (cAss).

Additional material examined. China, S-Shaanxi: 10,

42 km SW Meixian, 34°02’N, 107°24’E, 1875 m, second-

ary deciduous forest near stream, litter an grass roots sift-

ed, 24.VII.2012, leg. Schiilke (cAss); 23, Qinling Shan,

108 km SW Xi’an, road km 93 S Zhouzhi, 33°45’N,

107°56’E, mountain forest, sifted, 1650 m, 1.—2.[X.1995,

leg. Schiilke (cSch); 34, 32, Qinling Shan, pass on road

Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW Xi’an, 33°44’N, 107°59’E,

1990 m, N-slope, small creek valley, mixed deciduous for-

est with bamboo, 2.&4.VIH.2001, leg. Schiilke (cSch,

cAss); 24, 52, same data, but 33°44’N, 107°58’E, 1880

m, base of rocks, sifted, 4. VII.2001, leg. Schiilke (cSch,

cAss).

©ZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 13

46 48 49

Figs 39-49. Nazeris longilobatus (39-46) and N. huanghaoi, paratype (47-49). 39. Habitus. 40. Forebody. 41. Median portion

of abdominal tergite IV. 42. Median portion of abdominal tergite VII. 43. Male sternite VII. 44, 47. Male sternite VIII. 45-46,

4849. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. Scale bars: 39-40: 1.0 mm; 43-49: 0.5 mm; 41—42: 0.2 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©ZFMK

14 Volker Assing

g@ Xian

Fig. 50. Distributions of species of the N. /ongilobatus group (filled symbols) and of the N. cultellatus group (open symbols): N.

acutus (filled diamond); N. clavatus (filled triangle); N. cultellatus (open triangles; records from Henan and Anhui not shown); N.

compressus (open circle).

Diagnosis. Nazeris huanghaoi is most similar to N.

longilobatus (see description above), but differs by

slightly shorter elytra (approximately 0.65 times as long

as pronotum), the sparser punctation of the posterior ab-

dominal tergites, the deeper and narrower posterior exci-

sion of the male sternite VIII (Fig. 47), and by the mor-

phology of the aedeagus, particularly the less curved dor-

so-lateral apophyses (Figs 48-49).

Distribution and natural history. The species is endem-

ic to the environs of the Taibai Shan in the Qinling Shan

(Fig. 38), where it was collected in deciduous forests at

elevations from approximately 1400 m up to 2065 m (Hu

et al. 2010; material examined), in some localities togeth-

er with N. shaanxiensis and/or N. cultellatus.

Nazeris acutus sp. n. (Figs 50-55)

Type material. Holotype @: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Daba

Shan), NW pass 25 km NW Zhenping, 32°01’N,

109°19’E, 2150 m, 11.VIH.2001, leg. M. Schtilke [CO1-

09] / creek valley, young coniferous forest, moss (sifted)

[C01-09] / Holotypus ¢ Nazeris acutus sp. n., det.

V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes: 34, 19: same data as

holotype (cSch, cAss); 192: “CHINA (S-Shaanxi) Daba

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Shan, NW pass 25 km NW Zhenping, 32°01°N, 109°19’E,

2150 m (creek vall., young coniferous forest, moss)

11.VII.2001 Wrase [09]” (cSch).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers

to the conspicuously acute ventral process of the aedea-

gus.

Description. Small species; body length 4.3—5.7 mm;

length of forebody 2.5—2.8 mm. Coloration: forebody

brown to blackish-brown; abdomen dark-brown to black;

legs and antennae yellowish.

Head (Fig. 51) weakly oblong, approximately 1.05 times

as long as broad; punctation coarse, dense, and distinct-

ly areolate; interstices without microsculpture, forming

narrow ridges; eyes of moderate size and distinctly con-

vex, less than 1/3 as long as the distance from posterior

margin of eye to posterior constriction of head. Antenna

approximately 1.4—1.5 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 51) 1.10—1.15 times as long as broad and

approximately 0.9 times as broad as head; punctation

coarse, non-areolate and dense; interstices much narrow-

er than diameter of punctures, glossy; surface in posteri-

or median and lateral portions somewhat uneven, midline

and usually additional lateral patches impunctate (or more

sparsely punctate) and somewhat elevated.

©OZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 15

53 57 58

Figs 51-62. Nazeris acutus (51-55) and N. bisinuosus (56-62). 51, 56. Forebody. 53, 57. Male sternite VII. 52, 58. Male ster-

nite VIII. 54-55, 59-62. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. Scale bars: 51, 56: 1.0 mm; 52-55, 57-62: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 OZFMK

16 Volker Assing

Elytra (Fig. 51) approximately 0.65 times as long as

pronotum; humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense,

moderately defined, and moderately coarse, distinctly less

so than that of pronotum; interstices glossy. Hind wings

completely reduced.

Abdomen approximately 1.25 times as broad as elytra;

punctation dense, defined, and not very coarse on tergites

II-VI, somewhat sparser on tergite VI than on tergite IV;

punctation of tergites VII and VIII sparser and finer than

that of anterior tergites; interstices without microsculpture

and glossy; posterior margin of tergite VII without pal-

isade fringe; posterior margin of tergite VIII weakly con-

vex.

¢: sternite VI unmodified; sternite VII not distinctly

modified (Fig. 52); sternite VUI with unmodified pubes-

cence, posterior excision narrow and rather deep, its depth

approximately 0.3 times the length of sternite (Fig. 53);

aedeagus approximately 0.85 mm long; ventral process

conspicuously slender and acute both in lateral and in ven-

tral view; dorso-lateral apophyses short and stout, much

shorter than ventral process (Figs 54—S5).

Comparative notes. Based on the similar external char-

acters (punctation both of the forebody and of the ab-

domen, body proportions) and particularly the similar male

sexual characters (sternite VII with narrow and deep pos-

terior excision; aedeagus with slender and apically very

acute ventral process), N. acutus is allied to N. longilo-

batus and related species. It is distinguished from the syn-

topic and highly similar N. bisinuosus by the distinctly

denser punctation of the posterior tergites (that of tergite

VI approximately as dense as that of tergite IV), by the

deeper posterior excision of the male sternite VIII, as well

as by the shorter and differently shaped dorso-lateral

apophyses and the differently shaped ventral process of

the aedeagus.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Daba Shan, to the northwest of Zhenping, in

southern Shaanxi (Fig. 50). The specimens were sifted

from moss in a young coniferous forest at an altitude of

2150 m, together with N. bisinuosus.

Nazeris bisinuosus sp. n. (Figs 38, 56-62)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Daba

Shan), mountain range N pass 22 km NW Zhenping, N-

slope, 32°01’N, 109°21’E, 2400 m, 13.VII.2001, leg. M.

Schiilke [CO1-11] / mixed forest (Pinus Salix and other

deciduous trees) (sifted) [CO1-11] / Holotypus 4 Nazeris

bisinuosus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes:

83, 129: same data as holotype (cSch, cAss); 14, 19:

“CHINA (S-Shaanxi) Daba Shan, mount. range N pass 22

km NW Zhenping, N-slope, 2400 m, 32°01’N, 109°21’E,

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

(mix. for., Pinus, Salix a. other decid. trees) 13. VII.2001

Wrase [11]” (cSch, ZFMK); 14: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi

(Daba Shan), NW pass 25 km NW Zhenping, 32°01’N,

109°19°E, 2150 m, 11.VH.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-

09] / creek valley, young forest, moss (sifted) [C01-09]”

(cAss); 12: “CHINA (S-Shaanxi) Daba Shan, NW pass

25 km NW Zhenping, 32°01’N, 109°19’E, 2150 m (creek

vall., young coniferous forest, moss) 11.VII.2001 Wrase

[09]” (cSch).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers

to the bisinuate dorso-lateral apophyses of the aedeagus.

Description. Rather small species; body length 4.5—5.5

mm; length of forebody 2.5—2.8 mm. Coloration: body in

mature specimens uniformly blackish; legs and antennae

yellowish.

Head (Fig. 56) 1.00—1.05 times as long as broad; punc-

tation dense and areolate; interstices without microsculp-

ture, reduced to narrow ridges; eyes of moderate size and

distinctly convex, less than 1/3 as long as the distance from

posterior margin of eye to posterior constriction of head.

Antenna 1.4—1.6 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 56) 1.10—1.15 times as long as broad and

approximately 0.85—0.90 times as broad as head; puncta-

tion non-areolate and dense; interstices narrower than dia-

meter of punctures, glossy; midline with usually short and

somewhat elevated longitudinal impunctate band in pos-

terior half.

Elytra (Fig. 56) approximately 0.60—0.65 times as long

as pronotum; humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense,

defined, and coarse; interstices glossy. Hind wings com-

pletely reduced.

Abdomen approximately 1.25 times as broad as elytra;

punctation dense, defined, and relatively coarse on ante-

rior tergites, less dense and finer on posterior tergites; 1n-

terstices without microsculpture and glossy; posterior mar-

gin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; posterior mar-

gin of tergite VIII weakly convex.

¢: sternite VI unmodified; sternite VII not distinctly

modified (Fig. 57); sternite VII with unmodified pubes-

cence, posterior excision narrowly V-shaped and moder-

ately deep, its depth nearly 0.25 times as long as the ster-

nite (Fig. 58); aedeagus small, approximately 0.7 mm

long; dorso-lateral apophyses long, bisinuate in ventral

view; ventral process apically acute in ventral view and

of characteristic shape in lateral view (Figs 59-62).

Comparative notes. Based on the external (black col-

oration, similar punctation) and sexual characters (shape

of male sternite VIII; aedeagus with long and slender dor-

so-lateral apohyses and ventral process), N. bisinuosus 1s

allied to N. longilobatus, N. huanghaoi, and particularly

N. acutus. It is distinguished from them by the sparser

punctation of the posterior abdominal tergites, as well as

©ZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 17

65 66 71

Figs 63-75. Nazeris rectus (63-69) and N. clavatus (70-75). 63. Habitus. 64, 70. Forebody. 65, 71. Male sternite VII. 66, 72.

Male sternite VII. 67-69, 73-75. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. Scale bars: 63-64, 70: 1.0 mm; 65—69, 71—75: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©ZFMK

18 Volker Assing

by the distinctly bisinuate dorso-lateral apophyses and by

the characteristic shape of the ventral process of the small-

er aedeagus, from N. huanghaoi and N. longilobatus ad-

ditionally by shorter elytra, and much shorter antennae.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in two localities in the Daba Shan, to the northwest of

Zhenping, in southern Shaanxi (Fig. 38). The specimens

were sifted from leaf litter and moss in a mixed forest and

in a young coniferous forest at elevations of 2150 and 2400

m, in one locality together with N. acutus.

Nazeris rectus sp. n. (Figs 38, 63-69)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “China (W-Hubei) Daba

Shan, pass E Mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyuping

31°30’N, 110°21°E 1950 m (dry creek vall., mix. decid.

forest) 16.-22.VII.2001 Wrase [13] / Holotypus ¢@

Nazeris rectus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss).

Paratypes: 54, 72 [1 teneral]: same data as holotype

(cSch, cAss); 74, 39: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan),

pass E of Mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyuping,

31°30’N, 110°21’E, 22.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-

13E] / creek valley, 1950-2050 m, mixed deciduous for-

est, moss, dead wood, mushrooms (sifted) [CO1-13E]”

(cSch, cAss); 74, 39: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan),

pass E of Mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyuping,

31°30’N, 110°21’E, 19.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-

13C] / creek valley, 1950-2050 m, mixed deciduous for-

est, moss, dead wood, mushrooms (sifted) [CO1-13C]”

(cSch, cAss); 24, 792 [19 teneral]: “CHINA: W-Hubei

(Daba Shan), creek valley 8 km NW Muyuping, 31°29°N,

110°22°E, 1550-1650 m, 18.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke

[CO1-16A] / creek valley, deciduous forest, moss (sifted)

[C01-16A]” (cSch, cAss, ZFMK); 44, 22: “CHINA: W-

Hubei (Daba Shan), creek valley 11 km NW Muyuping,

31°30°N, 110222°E. 1960) an, 1S2Vil200I leo vir

Schtilke [CO1-17] / creek valley, mixed deciduous forest

(sifted) [CO1-17]” (cSch, cAss); 23, 29: “CHINA (W-

Hubei) Daba Shan), creek vall. 11 km NW Muyuping,

31°30’N, 110°22’E, 1960 m (creek vall., mix. decid. for.,

moss, leaves-sift.) 18.VII.2001 Wrase [17]” (cSch, cAss);

1¢ [identified by J.-Y. Hu]: “China: Hubei Prov., Shen-

nongjia N. R., Xiaolongtan, 5-VII-2002, Li & Tang leg.”

(SNUC).

Comment. The data for the paratype deposited in the

SNUC were communicated to me by J.-Y. Hu. His iden-

tification was confirmed based on photographs of the male

primary and secondary sexual characters.

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: straight)

refers to the shape of the dorso-lateral apophyses of the

aedeagus, one of the characters distinguishing this species

from the closely related N. bisinuosus.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Description. Body length 5.5—6.7 mm; length of forebody

2.9-3.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 63. Coloration: body black-

ish; legs and antennae dark-yellowish.

Head (Fig. 64) approximately as long as broad; punc-

tation coarse, dense, and non-areolate; interstices without

microsculpture, forming narrow ridges; eyes of moderate

size and distinctly convex, less than 1/3 as long as the dis-

tance from posterior margin of eye to posterior constric-

tion of head. Antenna approximately 1.5—1.7 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 64) 1.12—1.17 times as long as broad and

approximately 0.85 times as broad as head; punctation

non-areolate and dense, slightly coarser than that of head;

interstices glossy, forming narrow ridges; in posterior half

with more or less pronounced, short impunctate median

band, laterally often with more or less irregular, more

sparsely punctate areas.

Elytra (Fig. 64) approximately 0.65 times as long as

pronotum; humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense,

moderately defined, and coarse, but less than that of prono-

tum; interstices glossy. Hind wings completely reduced.

Abdomen approximately 1.2 times as broad as elytra;

punctation dense, defined, and rather coarse on tergites II-

V, only slightly sparser on tergite VI than on tergite IV,

distinctly sparser and finer on tergites VII and VIII than

on anterior tergites; interstices without microsculpture and

glossy; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade

fringe; posterior margin of tergite VIII weakly convex.

¢: sternite VI unmodified; sternite VII in the middle of

posterior margin indistinctly concave (Fig. 65); sternite

VUI with unmodified pubescence, posterior excision nar-

row and rather deep, its depth approximately 0.3 times the

length of sternite (Fig. 66); aedeagus slender, 0.80—0.85

mm long; ventral process slender and acute in lateral view;

dorso-lateral apophyses long and almost straight, nearly

reaching apex of ventral process (Figs 67—69).

Comparative notes. Based on the male sexual characters

(deep and narrow posterior incision of sternite VIII, mor-

phology of the aedeagus), N. rectus belongs to the N.

longilobatus group. It is distinguished from other species

of this group particularly by the non-areolate punctation

of the head, which it shares only with N. clavatus, and by

the shape of the dorso-lateral apophyses of the aedeagus.

It differs from the syntopic NV. angulatus by the denser and

less coarse punctation of the forebody, the non-areolate

punctation of the broader head, darker coloration, denser

punctation of the abdomen, and by the completely differ-

ent male sexual characters.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in three localities to the northwest of Muyuping in the east-

ern Daba Shan, western Hubei (Fig. 38). The specimens

were sifted from leaf litter and moss in mixed deciduous

forests at altitudes of 1550-2050 m, together with N. an-

gulatus. Two of the paratypes are teneral.

©ZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 19

Nazeris clavatus sp. n. (Figs 50, 70-75)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba

Shan), mountain range NE Muyuping, pass 12 km N

Muyuping, 31°32’N, 110°26’E, 2380, leg. M. Schiilke

[CO1-15] / 17.VII.2001, N pass, N-slope with young de-

ciduous forest, bank of small creek, moss (sifted) [C01-

15] / Holotypus ¢ Nazeris clavatus sp. n., det. V. Assing

2012” (cAss). Paratypes: 94, 89: same data as holotype

(cSch, cAss); 34, 49: same data, but “[C01-15C] ...

21.VII.2001” (cSch, cAss, ZFMK).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers

to the club-shaped dorso-lateral apophyses of the aedea-

gus.

Description. Body length 3.5—5.5 mm; length of forebody

2.5—2.8 mm. Coloration: body blackish, abdominal seg-

ments IX-X and posterior margin of segment VIII reddish;

legs and antennae dark-yellowish.

Head (Fig. 70) approximately as long as broad; punc-

tation coarse, dense, and non-areolate; interstices without

microsculpture, forming narrow ridges; eyes of moderate

size and distinctly convex, less than 1/3 as long as the dis-

tance from posterior margin of eye to posterior constric-

tion of head. Antenna approximately 1.5 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 70) 1.10—1.15 times as long as broad and

0.85—0.90 times as broad as head; punctation non-areo-

late and dense, slightly coarser than that of head; inter-

stices glossy, forming narrow ridges; in posterior half with

more or less pronounced impunctate median band, later-

ally often with more or less irregular, more sparsely punc-

tate areas.

Elytra (Fig. 70) approximately 0.6 times as long as

pronotum; humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense,

moderately defined, less so than that of pronotum; inter-

stices glossy. Hind wings completely reduced.

Abdomen approximately 1.25 times as broad as elytra;

punctation dense, defined, and rather coarse on tergites III-

V, somewhat sparser on tergite VI than on tergite IV, dis-

tinctly sparser and finer on tergites VII and VIII than on

anterior tergites; interstices without microsculpture and

glossy; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade

fringe; posterior margin of tergite VIII weakly convex.

&: sternites II-VI unmodified; posterior margin of ster-

nite VII weakly concave (Fig. 71); sternite VIII with un-

modified pubescence, posterior excision somewhat V-

shaped and moderately deep, its depth nearly 0.25 times

the length of sternite (Fig. 72); aedeagus 0.8—0.9 mm long;

ventral process very narrow and apically acute in lateral

view, strongly dilated dorsad in lateral view; dorso-later-

al apophyses moderately stout and club-shaped, far from

reaching apex of ventral process (Figs 73-75).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Comparative notes. Based on the male sexual characters

(rather deep posterior incision of sternite VII, morphol-

ogy of the aedeagus), N. clavatus belongs to the N. longilo-

batus group. It is distinguished from all the species of this

group by the shape of the dorso-lateral apophyses of the

aedeagus and, except for its hypothesized adelphotaxon

N. rectus, by the non-areolate punctation of the head. It

additionally differs from the geographically close N. rec-

tus by smaller body size.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the eastern Daba Shan, to the north of Muyup-

ing, western Hubei (Fig. 50). The specimens were sifted

from leaf litter and moss in a young deciduous forest at

an altitude of 2380 m.

The Nazeris extensus species group

Nazeris extensus sp. n. (Figs 76-82)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Daba

Shan), SE pass, 22 km NW Zhenping, 32°00’N, 109°21°E,

1930 m, 11.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-10] / mixed

deciduous forest (sifted) [C01-10] / Holotypus 4 Nazeris

extensus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes:

29: same data as holotype (cSch); 3, 29: “CHINA: S-

Shaanxi (Daba Shan), creek valley SE pass, 20 km NW

Zhenping, 31°59’N, 109°22’E, 1680 m, 11.VII.2001, leg.

M. Schiilke [CO1-10A] / young mixed deciduous, small

meadows, moss (sifted) [CO1-10A]” (cSch, cAss); 29:

“CHINA (S-Shaanx1) Daba Shan, creek valley SE pass,

20 km NW Zhenping, 1680 m, 31°59°N, 109°22’E (young

mix. decid. for., leaves-sift.) 11.VII.2001 Wrase [10A]”

(cSch, ZFMK).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective:

stretched) refers to the long aedeagus.

Description. Body length 5.2—6.2 mm; length of forebody

2.7—-3.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 77. Coloration: forebody

brown to blackish; abdomen dark-brown to black; legs and

antennae yellowish.

Head (Fig. 78) oblong, 1.05—1.10 times as long as broad;

punctation conspicuously coarse, moderately dense, and

somewhat areolate; interstices without microsculpture;

eyes of moderate size and distinctly convex, slightly less

than 1/3 as long as the distance from posterior margin of

eye to posterior constriction of head. Antenna approxi-

mately 1.5 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 78) 1.10—1.15 times as long as broad and

approximately 0.95 times as broad as head; punctation

coarse, non-areolate and moderately dense; interstices nar-

rower than diameter of punctures, glossy; surface in pos-

terior median and lateral portions somewhat uneven, along

©OZFMK

20 Volker Assing

mg Xian

Fig. 76. Distributions of species of the NV. extensus group: N. extensus (open diamonds); N. angulatus (open triangles).

midline narrowly impunctate and with additional oblique,

somewhat elevated, and oblong lateral impunctate bands.

Elytra (Fig. 78) approximately 0.6 times as long as

pronotum; humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense,

moderately defined, and coarse; interstices glossy. Hind

wings completely reduced.

Abdomen approximately 1.25 times as broad as elytra;

punctation dense, defined, and moderately coarse on an-

terior, distinctly sparser and finer on posterior tergites; in-

terstices without microsculpture and glossy; posterior mar-

gin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; posterior mar-

gin of tergite VII weakly convex.

3: sternite VI unmodified; sternite VII not distinctly

modified (Fig. 79); sternite VII with unmodified pubes-

cence, posterior excision small, its depth only approxi-

mately 0.15 times the length of sternite (Fig. 80); aedea-

gus 0.9-1.0 mm long; dorso-lateral apophyses long, basal-

ly curved, apically straight in ventral view, and reaching

apex of ventral process; ventral process apically of char-

acteristic shape both in lateral and in ventral view (Figs

81-82).

Comparative notes. Nazeris extensus is distinguished

from the syntopic or geographically close N. parvincisus

and N. bisinuosus particularly by the coarser punctation

of the head, the uneven and irregularly punctate posteri-

or portion of the pronotum, the shape of the male stern-

ite VIII, as well as by the longer and differently shaped

aedeagus.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in two adjacent localities in the Daba Shan, to the north-

west of Zhenping, in southern Shaanxi (Fig. 76). The spec-

imens were sifted from leaf litter and moss in mixed de-

ciduous forests at altitudes of 1680 and 1930 m, partly to-

gether with N. parvincisus.

Nazeris angulatus sp. n. (Figs 76, 83-92)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA: Border Shaanxi -

Sichuan [now Chongqing] (Daba Shan), pass 20 km SSE

Zhenping, 1700-1800 m, 31°44’N, 109°35’E,

12.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-07C] / mixed forest,

small creek valley, moss, bark (sifted) [C01-07C] / Holo-

typus ¢ Nazeris angulatus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012”

(cAss). Paratypes: 4¢, 32: same data as holotype (cSch,

cAss, ZFMK); 24, 59: “CHINA: Border Shaanxi -

Sichuan [now Chongqing] (Daba Shan), pass 20 km SSE

Zhenping, 1700-1800 m, 31°44’N, 109°35’E, 9.VII.2001,

leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-07] / young dry mixed forest, field

edge, small creek valley, moss (sifted) [C01-07]” (cSch,

cAss); 72, 99: “CHINA (border Shaanxi-Sichuan [now

Chongqing]) Daba Shan, pass 20 km SSE Zhenping 1700-

1800 m 31°44’°N, 109°35’E (small creek vall., young

mixed forest, leaf litt., moss) 9.&12.VII.2001 Wrase [07]”

(cSch, cAss); 14, 19: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan),

creek valley 11 km NW Muyuping, 31°30’N, 110°22’E,

1960 m, 18.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-17] / creek

©OZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China Di

86 87

80 85

Figs 77-87. Nazeris extensus (77-82) and N. angulatus (83-87). 77. Habitus. 78, 83. Forebody. 79, 84. Male sternite VII. 80, 85.

Male sternite VIII. 81-82, 86-87. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. Scale bars: 77—78, 83: 1.0 mm; 79-82, 84-87: 0.5 mm.

valley, mixed deciduous forest (sifted) [CO1-17]” (cAss);

22: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan), creek valley 8 km

NW Muyuping, 31°29°N, 110°22’E, 1550-1650 m,

18.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-16A] / creek valley,

deciduous forest, moss (sifted) [CO1-16A]” (cSch, cAss);

22: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan), pass E of Mt. Da

Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyuping, 31°30°N, 110°21’E,

19.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-13C] / creek valley,

1950-2050 m, mixed deciduous forest, moss, dead wood,

mushrooms (sifted) [CO1-13C]” (cSch); 19: “China (W-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Hubei) Daba Shan, pass E Mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km

NW Muyuping 31°30’N, 110°21’E 1950 m (dry creek

vall., mix. decid. forest) 16—22.VII.2001 Wrase [13]”

(cSch); 14 [identified by J.-Y. Hu]: “China: Hubei Prov.,

Shennongjia N. R., Dajiuhu, 23-VIII-2004, LIN Jie leg.”

(SNUC); 23, 29 [identified by J.-Y. Hu]: “China:

Chongqing City / Chengkou Coun. / Dabashan / lower

Huang’angou / N31.51.227 E109.07.174 / alt. 2030m /

22~23-IV-2008 / HUANG Hao & XU Wang leg.”

(SNUC); 14: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qinling Shan), pass

©ZFMK

22 Volker Assing

88 89

91 92

Figs 88-92. Nazeris angulatus from the environs of Muyuping. 88. Habitus. 89. Forebody. 90. Male sternite VIII. 91-92. Aedea-

gus in lateral and in ventral view. Scale bars: 88—89: 1.0 mm; 90-92: 0.5 mm.

on rd. Zhouzhi - Foping, 105 km SW Xi’an, N-slope, 1880

m, 33°44’N, 107°58’E, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-03] /

4.VII.2001, shady rockwall base, moist (sifted) [C01-03]”

(cAss).

Comment. The data for the paratypes deposited in the

SNUC were communicated to me by J.-Y. Hu. His iden-

tification was confirmed based on photographs of the male

primary and secondary sexual characters.

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers

to the subbasally angled dorso-lateral apophyses of the

aedeagus.

Description. Body length 4.5—5.8 mm; length of forebody

2.6—2.9 mm. External characters (Figs 83, 88—89), includ-

ing coloration, as in N. extensus.

3: sternite VI unmodified; sternite VII not distinctly

modified (Fig. 84); sternite VIII with unmodified pubes-

cence, posterior excision small, its depth approximately

0.15 times the length of sternite (Figs 85, 90); aedeagus

0.8—0.9 mm long; dorso-lateral apophyses long, subbasal-

ly with (usuaslly) angular projection, and slightly project-

ing beyond apex of ventral process; ventral process api-

cally of characteristic shape both in lateral and in ventral

view (Figs 86-87, 91—92).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Intraspecific variation. The shape of the dorso-lateral

apophyses is apparently subject to some intraspecific vari-

ation. In the male from the environs of Muyuping the dor-

so-lateral apophyses are subbasally not distinctly angled,

but curved (Figs 91—92). The male sternite VIII (Fig. 90)

and the external characters (Figs 88-89), however, are

identical to those of material from other localities. More-

over, the locality to the northwest of Muyuping is situat-

ed between Chongqing and Da Shennongjia, where males

with angular dorso-lateral apophyses were found, suggest-

ing that the observed differences are an expression of in-

tra- rather than interspecific variation.

Comparative notes. Based on the highly similar exter-

nal and male secondary sexual characters, as well as on

the similarly derived morphology of the aedeagus, N. an-

gulatus is closely allied to N. extensus, from which it is

distinguished by the longer and subbasally angularly pro-

duced dorso-lateral apophyses and the differently shaped

ventral process of the aedeagus. It differs from the syn-

topic NV. compressus by the completely different male sex-

ual characters, as well as by external characters such as

its larger size, the much coarser and less regular puncta-

tion of the forebody, and by the much more pronounced

impunctate median band in the posterior half of the prono-

tum. From the syntopic N. rectus, it is separated by the

paler coloration, smaller average size, coarser and areo-

©ZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 23

late punctation of the head, sparser punctation of the pos-

terior abdominal tergites, by the smaller posterior excision

of the males sternite VIII, and by the completely differ-

ent morphology of the aedeagus

Distribution and natural history. The known distribu-

tion ranges from the environs of Chongqing to Da Shen-

nongjia in the western Daba Shan (Fig. 76). The label of

one of the paratypes indicates that this specimen was col-

lected in the Qinling Shan in southern Shaanxi. This spec-

imen was almost certainly mislabelled. The same phenom-

enon was observed for a Lathrobium species with the same

labels. The material from the Daba Shan was sifted from

leaf litter and moss in mixed deciduous forests at altitudes

between 1550 and 2050, together with NV. rectus.The spec-

imens were sifted from leaf litter and moss in a young

mixed forests at altitudes of 1550-2050 m, together with

N. compressus or N. rectus.

The Nazeris cultellatus species group

Nazeris cultellatus sp. n. (Figs 50, 93-99)

Type material. Holotype @: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qin-

ling Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW

Xi’an, N-slope, 1700 m, 33°46’N, 107°58’E, leg. M.

Schiilke [C0O1-02] / 3.VII.2001, small creek valley, mixed

deciduous forest, moss (sifted) [C01-02] / Holotypus 3

Nazeris cultellatus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss).

Paratypes: 1: same data as holotype (cSch, cAss); 12:

“CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qinling Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi-

Foping, 105 km SW Xian, N-slope, 1990 m, 33°44’N,

107°59’E, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-01] / 2./4. VII.2001, small

creek valley, mixed deciduous forest, bamboo, small

meadows, dead wood, mushrooms (sifted) [C01-01]”

(cSch); 14: “China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling Shan, 107.56 E,

33.45 N, Autoroute km 93 S of Zhouzhi, 108 km SW Xi-

an, Mountain Forrest [sic], sifted, 1650 m, 1.—2.09.1995,

leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 14: “China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling

Shan, 110.06 E, 34.27 N, Hua Shan Mt., N Valley,

1200-1400 m, 118 km E Xian, sifted, 18.8&20.08.1995,

leg. M. Schiilke” (cAss); 4, 6 [identified by J.-Y. Hu]:

“China: Shaanxi Prov., Foping, alt. 1250-1400 m, 18-V-

2004, Hu Jia-Yao, Tang Liang & Zhu Li-Long leg.”

(SNUC); 63, 69 [identified by J.-Y. Hu]: “China:

Shaanxi Prov., Zhouzhi Coun., Houzhenzi, N33.51.203

E107.50.183, alt. 1260 m, 5~10-V-2008, Huang Hao &

Xu Wang leg.” (SNUC); 44, 39 [identified by J.-Y. Hu]:

“China: Shaanxi Prov., Zhouzhi Coun., Houzhenzi, West

Sangongli Gou, N33.50.613 E107.48.524, alt. 1336 m,

17~19-V-2008, Huang Hao & Xu Wang leg.” (SNUC);

94, 6° [identified by J.-Y. Hu]: “China: Shaanxi Prov.,

Ningshaan Coun., Huoditang Linchang, N33.26.060

E108.26.291, alt. 1724 m, 24~25-V-2008, Huang Hao &

Xu Wang leg.” (SNUC); 333, 359 [identified by J.-Y.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Hu]: “China: Henan Prov., Xinyang City, Jigongshan, alt.

650-750 m, 5-VHI-2004, Hu, Tang & Zhu leg.” (SNUC);

33, 72 [identified by J.-Y. Hu]: “China: Henan Prov.,

Xinyang City, Jigongshan, alt. 250-650 m, 6-VIII-2004,

Hu, Tang & Zhu leg.” (SNUC); 13%, 149 [identified by

J.-Y. Hu]: “China: Henan Prov., Nanyang City, Xixia

Coun., Funiushan, alt. 1400-1700 m, 2-VIH-2004, Hu,

Tang & Zhu leg.” (SNUC); 134, 8 [identified by J.-Y.

Hu]: “China: Anhui Prov., Anqing City, Qianshan Coun.,

Tianzhushan, alt. 960 m, 23-IV-2005, Hu & Tang leg.”

(SNUC); 74, 7 [identified by J.-Y. Hu]: “China: Anhui

Prov., Anqing City, Qianshan Coun., Tianzhushan, alt.

1150-1250 m, 25-IV-2005 / Hu & Tang leg.” (SNUC); 52,

19 [identified by J.-Y. Hu]: “China: Anhui Prov., Anging

City, Qianshan Coun., Tianzhushan, 18~20-V-2007, Tang

& He leg.” (SNUC).

Comment. The data for the paratypes deposited in the

SNUC were communicated to me by J.-Y. Hu. His iden-

tification was confirmed based on photographs of the male

primary and secondary sexual characters.

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: shaped

like a knife) alludes to the laterally sharply compressed,

somewhat knife-shaped ventral process of the aedeagus.

Description. Small species; body length 5.0—-5.8 mm;

length of forebody 2.6—2.8 mm. Coloration: body brown

to dark-brown, abdomen sometimes somewhat darker than

forebody, with reddish apex and paratergites; legs and an-

tennae yellowish.

Head (Fig. 93) indistinctly oblong, approximately

1.02—1.05 times as long as broad, widest across eyes;

punctation dense and not areolate; interstices without mi-

crosculpture, reduced to narrow ridges; eyes of moderate

size and distinctly convex, at least slightly less than 1/3

as long as the distance from posterior margin of eye to pos-

terior constriction of head. Antenna 1.4—1.5 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 93) 1.15—1.20 times as long as broad and

approximately 0.85—0.90 times as broad as head; puncta-

tion non-areolate and dense, distinctly coarser than that

of head; interstices reduced to narrow ridges, glossy;

whole surface with regular punctation, without impunc-

tate midline, or other impunctate or sparsely punctate

patches.

Elytra (Fig. 93) short, approximately 0.55 times as long

as pronotum; humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense,

defined, and coarse; interstices glossy. Hind wings com-

pletely reduced.

Abdomen approximately 1.2 times as broad as elytra;

punctation dense, defined, and relatively coarse on ante-

rior tergites, somewhat finer on posterior tergites; inter-

stices without microsculpture and glossy; posterior mar-

gin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; posterior mar-

gin of tergite VII weakly convex.

OZFMK

24 Volker Assing

102 103 |

Figs 93-105. Nazeris cultellatus (93-99; 96, 99. Male from Hua Shan) and N. compressus (100-105). 93, 101. Forebody. 94,

102. Male sternite VII. 95-96, 103. Male sternite VIII. 97-99, 104-105. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 100. Habitus.

Scale bars: 93, 100-101: 1.0 mm; 94-99, 102-105: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©OZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China

¢: sternite VI unmodified; sternite VII with weakly con-

vex posterior margin (Fig. 94); sternite VII with unmod-

ified pubescence, posterior excision moderately deep (Figs

95—96); aedeagus approximately 0.75 mm long; ventral

process strongly compressed laterally, ventral surface very

narrow; dorso-lateral apophyses moderately long, only

slightly projecting beyond apex of ventral process (Figs

97-99).

Comparative notes. Nazeris cultellatus is readily distin-

guished from the syntopic NV. shaanxiensis and N. huang-

haoi, as well as from all other species distributed in the

Qinling Shan by its smaller average size, the non-areolate

punctation of the head, the regular punctation of the prono-

tum (impunctate midline or other impunctate patches ab-

sent), the shorter elytra, the shape of the posterior exci-

sion of the male sternite VII, and by the morphology of

the smaller aedeagus (ventral process sharply compressed;

shape of dorso-lateral apophyses). The highly similar ex-

ternal and male sexual characters suggest that N. cultel-

latus is most closely related to N. nigritulus Hu et al., 2011

(two paratypes examined), which was described from the

Longwang Shan in Zhejiang. It differs from N. nigritulus

by the paler coloration, the more slender head, the slight-

ly less dense punctation of the abdomen (visible especial-

ly on tergite VI), and the slightly different morphology of

the aedeagus (apex of parameres extending slightly be-

yond apex of ventral process; ventral process somewhat

less dilated, broadest closer to apex, and apically more

deeply incised in ventral view). In N. nigritulus, the para-

meres are slightly shorter (not quite reaching apex of ven-

tral process), and the ventral process is more strongly di-

lated, broadest closer to base, and apically less deeply in-

cised in ventral view. For illustrations of N. nigritulus see

Hu et al. (2011).

Distribution and natural history. Unlike the other

species of the study region, N. cultellatus appears to be

remarkably widespread (Fig. 50). The species was found

in numerous localities in the Qinling Shan (Shaanxi), as

well as in the Jigong Shan [31°49’N, 114°07’E], the Fu-

niu Shan [33°42°N, 112°18’E], and the Tianzhu Shan

[30°45°N, 116°27°E] in Henan and Anhui provinces. The

specimens from the Qinling Shan were sifted from leaf

litter and moss in mixed deciduous forests at altitudes of

1200-1990 m, partly together with N. shaanxiensis and

N. huanghaoi; those from Henan and Anhui were partly

found at lower altitudes (at least as low as 650 m).

Nazeris compressus sp. n. (Figs 50, 100-105)

Type material. Holotype 3: “CHINA (border Shaanxi-

Sichuan [now Chongqing]) Daba Shan, pass 20 km SSE

Zhenping 1700-1800 m 31°44’N, 109°35’E (small creek

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

vall., young mixed forest, leaf litt., moss) 9.&12.VII.2001

Wrase [07] / Holotypus <4 Nazeris compressus sp. n., det.

V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes: 84, 49: same data as

holotype (cSch, cAss); 34, 32: “CHINA: Border Shaanxi

- Sichuan [now Chongqing] (Daba Shan), pass 20 km SSE

Zhenping, 1700—1800 m, 31°44’N, 109°35’E, 9.VIL.2001,

leg. M. Schiilke [C01-07] / young dry mixed forest, field

edge, small creek valley, moss (sifted) [CO1-07]” (cSch,

cAss, ZFMK).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers

to the laterally strongly compressed ventral process of the

aedeagus.

Description. Small species; body length 4.1—5.0 mm;

length of forebody 2.3—2.6 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 100.

Coloration: forebody reddish to dark-brown, often with

paler elytra; abdomen dark-brown to blackish, with red-

dish apex and paratergites; legs and antennae yellowish.

Head (Fig. 101) indistinctly oblong or as long as broad,

widest across eyes; punctation dense and not areolate; in-

terstices without microsculpture, forming narrow ridges;

eyes of moderate size and distinctly convex, less than 1/3

as long as the distance from posterior margin of eye to pos-

terior constriction of head. Antenna 1.4—1.5 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 101) short, approximately 1.1 times as

long as broad and 0.9 times as broad as head; punctation

similar to that of head; midline with weakly pronounced

impunctate band posteriorly.

Elytra (Fig. 101) short, approximately 0.6 times as long

as pronotum; humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense,

defined, and coarse, similar to that of head and pronotum;

interstices glossy. Hind wings completely reduced.

Abdomen approximately 1.20—1.25 times as broad as

elytra; punctation dense, defined, and relatively coarse on

anterior tergites, somewhat finer on posterior tergites; in-

terstices without microsculpture and glossy; posterior mar-

gin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; posterior mar-

gin of tergite VII weakly convex.

¢: sternite VI unmodified; posterior margin of sternite

VII weakly concave in the middle (Fig. 102); sternite

VUI with unmodified pubescence, posterior excision

small, its depth approximately 0.10—0.15 times the length

of sternite (Fig. 103); aedeagus approximately 0.7 mm

long; ventral process strongly compressed laterally; dor-

so-lateral apophyses distinctly projecting beyond apex of

ventral process (Figs 104—105).

Comparative notes. Based on the similar external and

male sexual characters, NV. compressus is closely related

to, probably the sister species of N. cultellatus, from which

it is distinguished by the less oblong pronotum, the pres-

ence of a short and narrow median impunctate band in the

posterior half of the pronotum, the similar punctation of

the head, pronotum, and elytra, and the morphology of the

©ZFMK

Volker Assing

aedeagus, particularly the distinctly longer dorso-lateral

apophyses.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Daba Shan, to the south-southeast of Zhen-

ping, at the border between Shaanxi and Chongqing (Fig.

50). The specimens were sifted from leaf litter and moss

in a young mixed forest at an altitude of 1700-1800 m,

together with NV. angulatus.

KEY TO SPECIES

Head with non-areolate punctation (e.g., Figs 93,

100 Renee oneal Semmens certinr ril ht cca nolnancnmandctoeo 2

Head with areolate punctation (e.g., Figs 17, 23). . 6

Coloration of forebody reddish to dark-brown. Small-

er species; length of forebody 2.3—2.8 mm. Pronotum

either without impunctate median band posteriorly or

with punctation similar to that of head. 4: ventral

process of aedeagus conspicuously laterally com-

pressed. The N. cultellatus group. ...............0006 3

Coloration of forebody blackish-brown to blackish.

Larger species; length of forebody 2.5-3.2 mm.

Pronotum with impunctate median band posteriorly;

punctation coarser than that of head. ¢@: ventral

process of aedeagus not conspicuously laterally com-

pressed. The N. longilobatus group (partim). ...... 4

Pronotum with very regular punctation, without im-

punctate median band posteriorly; punctation distinct-

ly coarser than that of head (Fig. 93). Elytra very

short, approximately 0.55 times as long as pronotum

(Fig. 93). 3: sternite VIII as in Figs 95-96; aedea-

gus shaped as in Figs 97—99; dorso-lateral apophy-

ses not distinctly extending beyond apex of ventral

process. Widespread, from Shaanxi to Anhui (Fig.

S(t he yaa ea Te eT N. cultellatus sp. n.

Pronotum with impunctate median band posteriorly;

punctation not distinctly coarser than that of head

(Fig. 101). Elytra slightly longer, approximately 0.6

times as long as pronotum (Fig. 101). @: sternite

VIII as in Fig. 103; aedeagus shaped as in Figs

104-105; dorso-lateral apophyses distinctly extend-

ing beyond apex of ventral process. Daba Shan (Fig.

D0) ese Pe eG Ota N. compressus sp. n.

Abdominal tergites II-VI with conspicuously dense

and coarser puncation, that of tergite VI not distinct-

ly sparser than that of tergite [V. Pronotum more slen-

der, approximately 1.15 times as long as broad and

0.8 times as broad as head. Punctation of pronotum

and elytra conspicuously coarse, dense, and partly

cofluent (Fig. 33). ¢: posterior excision of sternite VI-

II very small (Fig. 35); aedeagus stout, with short and

broad ventral process, and with stout dorso-lateral

apophyses (Figs 36-37). Daba Shan: Shaanxi (Fig. 2).

The N. parvincisus group. ..... N. parvincisus sp. n.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Abdomen with less coarse punctation, that of tergite

VI finer and sparser than that of tergite [V. Pronotum

less slender, 0.10—0.15 times as long as broad and

0.85—0.90 times as broad as head. Punctation of

pronotum and elytra less coarse, less dense, and not

confluent. 4’: posterior excision of sternite VIII much

deeper; aedeagus slender, with long and slender ven-

tral ventral process, and with longer and more slen-

der dorso-lateral apophyses. Daba Shan: Hubei.

Smaller species; length of forebody 2.5—2.8 mm. ¢:

sternite VII with weakly concave posterior margin

(Fig. 71); posterior excision of sternite VIII slightly

broader and less deep (Fig. 72); aedeagus with more

slender ventral process (ventral view) and with club-

shaped dorso-lateral apophyses (Figs 73—75). Distri-

butionwiiows Oss arenes N. clavatus sp. n.

Larger species; length of forebody 2.9-3.2 mm. 2:

sternite VII with small and shallow concavity poste-

riorly (Fig. 65); posterior excision of sternite VIII

slightly narrower and deeper (Fig. 66); aedeagus with

less slender ventral process (ventral view) and with

straight, not club-shaped dorso-lateral apophyses

(Figs 67—69). Distribution: Fig. 38.

FE Re ERE AMIS ic. So SpeaniGdals os Ge N. rectus sp. n.

¢: aedeagus stout and compact, with short ventral

process. Species distributed in the Qinling Shan and

the Micang Shan. The N. shaanxiensis group. ..... 7

3: aedeagus slender, with long and slender ventral

PIOCESS sahety es ie ee hte sence OEE OR eee eee 1]

Forebody of uniformly blackish-brown to blackish

coloration. @: posterior margin of sternite VII con-

vexly produced in the middle (Fig. 24); posterior ex-

cision of sternite VIII rather deep and broadly V-

shaped (Fig. 25); aedeagus with ventral process

strongly dilated in the middle (ventral view); dorso-

lateral apophyses apically obliquely truncate and with

small tooth-like projection (Figs 27-31). S-

Shaanxi/N-Sichuan: Micang Shan (Fig. 2).

roc ble hace ee Sea Geico eee ace N. dilatatus sp. n.

Head and elytra often of paler coloration than prono-

tum. @: posterior margin of sternite VII truncate; pos-

terior excision of sternite VIII less deep and usually

narrower; aedeagus with ventral process not strong-

ly dilated in the middle; dorso-lateral apophyses api-

cally convex and without tooth-like projection. ... 8

3: aedeagus shaped as in Figs 4—5; apices of dorso-

lateral apophyses slightly extending beyond apex of

median lobe. Distribution more eastern: Zhouzhi and

Ningshan counties (Fig. 2).

J Ciaate neste Reserc atts aie TS N. shaanxiensis Hu & Li

¢: aedeagus of different shape; apices of dorso-lat-

eral apophyses not reaching beyond apex of median

lobe. Western Quinling Shan and Micang Shan. .... 9

©ZFMK

ll.

CHECKLIST OF THE NAZERIS SPECIES OF MAINLAND CHINA AND TAIWAN

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China Da

3: aedeagus shaped as in Figs 20-21. S-Shaanxi: Mi-

Gans7Shani(E1g%3'8))Saesaasssee N. micangicus sp. n.

G: aedeagus of different shape. S-Gansu: Western

@inlineeS amy wee Cece Feiss ces eee lees 10

. CG: ventral process of aedeagus broader and shorter,

its apex more acute both in lateral and in ventral view

(Figs 12—14). Mountains to the southeast of Longnan

(IBIS, P) ee sotasodsaceoscanacsocmaatoer N. sociabilis sp. n.

S: ventral process of aedeagus more slender and

longer, its apex less acute (Figs 9-10). Region to the

north of Chengxian (Fig. 2). ..... N. custoditus sp. n.

Head with coarser punctation (e.g., Fig. 83). Prono-

tum with uneven surface, posteriorly usually with

more or less distinct lateral elevations. Punctation of

abdominal tergites VI-VIII moderately dense to

sparse, that of tergite VI distinctly sparser and finer

than that of tergite IV. 4: posterior excision relative-

ly small and somewhat V-shaped; aedeagus with

weakly sclerotized ventral process; dorso-lateral

apophyses weakly sclerotized, subbasally distinctly

curved, and nearly straight in apical 3/4—4/5. Daba

Shan (Fig. 76). The NV. extensus group. .............. 12

Head with less coarse punctation. Pronotum in most

species with less uneven surface. Punctation of ab-

dominal tergite VI often not or only slightly finer and

sparser than that of tergite IV. 4: aedeagus more dis-

tinctly sclerotized; dorso-lateral apophyses of differ-

ent shape. The N. /ongilobatus species group (partim).

MORE Ns a eee tis Saatiaein tevaen Ay ne cme oaue soit 13

. 6: dorso-lateral apophyses of aedeagus apically

straight and subbasally usually angularly dilated (Figs

86-87, 91-92); sternite VII as in Figs 85, 90. West-

em) Daba Shan (Fig. 76).......... N. angulatus sp. n.

13)

14.

IIS):

¢S: dorso-lateral apophyses of aedagus apically

smoothly curved, without angular dilatation. Shaanxi

(CEMER TO) beset te eaerataneriee ae aa ae N. extensus sp. n.

Larger species; length of forebody 2.9—3.2 mm. Ely-

tra relatively longer, 0.65—0.70 times as long as prono-

tum (E9740) @inling Shans -. seccccs- cece ce oases sos: 14

Smaller species; length of forebody 2.5—2.8 mm. Ely-

tra shorter, 0.60—0.65 times as long as pronotum (Figs

SIS 5X0), IDE loe LS) hits cece scaoasadbacdonsodaueacencondosor 15

Punctation of abdomen conspicuously dense, even on

tergites VI and VII (Figs 41-42). ¢@: ventral process

of aedeagus of characteristic shape; dorso-lateral

apophyses distinctly curved in ventral view (Figs

4546); posterior excision of sternite VHI less deep

and broader (Fig. 44). Mountains to the southeast of

Longnan (Gansu) (Fig. 38). ... . longilobatus sp. n.

Punctation of abdomen less dense, particularly on ter-

gites VI and VII. Ventral process of aedeagus of dif-

ferent shape (Figs 4849), dorso-lateral apophyses al-

most straight; posterior excision of sternite VIII deep-

er and narrower (Fig. 47). Qinling Shan: environs of

Taibai Shan (Shaanx1) (Fig. 38).

Sono Becerra R Basar ae N. huanghaoi Hu & Li

&: ventral process of aedeagus very slender and api-

cally acute, both in lateral and in ventral view (Figs

54-55), dorso-lateral apophyses shorter and stouter;

posterior excision of sternite VIII deeper and narrow-

er (Fig. 52). Distribution: Fig. 50. ... N. acutus sp. n.

3: ventral process of aedeagus less slender and with

dorsal extension (lateral view), dorso-lateral apophy-

ses longer, more slender, and bisinuate (Figs 59-62);

posterior excision of sternite VIII slightly broader and

less deep (Fig. 58). Distribution: Fig. 38.

Fe sea dei ated ouEeean Goa Menon eno N. bisinuosus sp. n.

Species Distribution : oe A -

acutus sp. n. Shaanxi: Daba Shan

aestivalis Ito, 1995 Taiwan

affinis Ito, 1996 Taiwan

alishanus Ito, 1985 Taiwan

alpinus Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

angulatus sp. n.

anhuiensis (J. Li, 1993)

baihuanensis Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

baishanzuensis Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

bicornis Hu, Li & Zhao, 2007

bisinuosus sp. n.

brunneus Hu, Zhao & Zhong, 2006

canaliculatus Zheng, 1992

caoi Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

centralis Ito, 1996

chinensis Koch, 1939

clavatus sp. n.

compressus sp. 0.

cultellatus sp. n.

custoditus sp. n.

daliensis Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

dayaoensis Hu & Li, 2012

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

Yunnan: Yulongxue Shan

Shaanxi/Chongqing/Hubei: Daba Shan

Anhui

Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan: Baoshan

Zhejiang: Baishanzu

Sichuan: Gongga Shan

Shaanxi: Daba Shan

Jiangxi: Wuyi Shan

Sichuan: Wolong

Yunnan: Nabanhe Nature Reserve

Taiwan

Zhejiang: Tianmu Shan

Hubei: Daba Shan

Shaanxi/Chongqing: Daba Shan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan; Henan; Anhui

Gansu: western Qinling Shan

Yunnan: Diangcang Shan, Laohu Shan

Guangxi: Dayao Shan

©ZFMK

Volker Assing

Checklist of the Nazeris species of mainland China and Taiwan (coninued).

Species

dilatatus sp. n.

extensus Sp. N.

femoralis Ito, 1985

foliaceus Zheng, 1992

formosanus Ito, 1996

fujianensis Hu, Li & Zhao, 2010

furcatus Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

giganteus Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

grandis Hu & Li, 2012

guizhouensis Hu et al., 2005

hailuogouensis Hu, Li & Zhao, 2007

huanghaoi Hu & Li, 2010

huanxipoensis Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

imitator Ito, 1996

ishiianus Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

jiulongshanus Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

jizushanensis Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

lijinweni Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

lingulatus Hu & Li, 2009

longilobatus sp. n.

luoi Hu & Li, 2012

magnus Hu, Li & Zhao, 2007

matsudai Ito, 1985

megalobus Hu & Li, 2012

micangicus sp. N.

minor Koch, 1939

monticola Ito, 1996

motuensis Hu, Li & Zhao, 2008

nabanhensis Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

nigritulus Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

niutoushanus Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

nomurai Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

parabrunneus Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

Pparvincisus sp. 1.

persimilis Ito, 1995

gingchengensis Zheng, 1992

gini Hu & Li, 2012

rectus sp. n.

robustus Ito, 1995

rougemonti Ito, 1996

ruani Hu, Li & Zhao, 2007

sadanarii Hu & Li, 2010

= hisamatsui Hu & Li, 2009

shaanxiensis Hu & Li, 2010

shenshanjiai Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

silvestris Ito, 1996

simulans Ito, 1996

smetanai Ito, 1996

sociabilis sp. n.

taiwanus hohuanus Ito, 1985

taiwanus taiwanus Ito, 1985

tangi Hu, Li & Zhao, 2008

tani Hu & Li, 2012

tianmuensis Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

trifolius Ito, 1996

truncatus Zheng, 1992

uenoi Ito, 1995

vernalis Ito, 1995

wuyiensis Hu, Zhao & Zhong, 2006

xuwangi Hu, Li & Zhao, 2010

yandangensis Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

yvanyingae Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

yvasutoshii Ito, 1996

zhangi Watanabe & Xiao, 1993

zhujingwenae Hu, Li & Zhao, 2011

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29

_ Distribution

Shaanxi/Sichuan: Micang Shan

Shaanxi: Daba Shan

Taiwan

Sichuan: Wolong

Taiwan

Fujian: Meihua Shan Nature Reserve

Zhejiang: Wuyanling

Yunnan: Diangcang Shan, Laohu Shan

Guangxi: Dayao Shan

Guizhou: Fanjing Shan

Sichuan: Gongga Shan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan: Taibai Shan

Yunnan: Tengchong envy.

Taiwan

Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan: Baoshan

Zhejiang: Jiulong Shan

Yunnan: Jizu Shan

Zhejiang: Fengyang Shan

Anhui: Guniujiang Shan

Gansu: western Qinling Shan

Guangxi: Dayao Shan

Sichuan: Erlang Shan

Taiwan

Guangxi: Dayao Shan

Shaanxi: Micang Shan

Zhejiang: Tianmu Shan

Taiwan

Xizang: Aniqiao

Yunnan: Nabanhe Nature Reserve

Zhejiang: Longwang Shan

Zhejiang: Nioutou Shan

Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan: Baoshan

Zhejiang: Jiulong Shan

Shaanxi/Chongqing: Daba Shan

Taiwan

Sichuan: Qingcheng Shan

Guangxi: Dayao Shan

Hubei: Daba Shan

Taiwan

Zhejiang: Tianmu Shan

Sichuan: Labahe

Anhui: Guniujiang Shan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Zhejiang: Fengyang Shan

Taiwan

Gansu: western Qinling Shan

Taiwan

Xizang: Dongjiu

Guangxi: Dayao Shan

Zhejiang: Tianmu Shan

Taiwan

Sichuan: Emei Shan

Taiwan

Jiangxi: Wuyi Shan

Fujian: Meihuashan Nature Reserve

Zhejiang: Yandang Shan

Zhejiang: Baishanzu

Taiwan

Yunnan: Yuan Shan near Kunming

Zhejiang: Siming Shan

— ©ZFMK

The Nazeris fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 29

Acknowledgements. I am indebted to Michael Schiilke for the

loan of specimens from his collection and especially for the gen-

erous gift several holotypes. Moreover, I am most grateful to Jia-

Yao Hu, Shanghai, for the most helpful gift of paratypes of sev-

eral previously described Nazeris species, including N. shaanx-

iensis and N. huanghaoi, for providing data of additional

paratypes, and for valuable comments on an earlier draft of the

manuscript. Lee Herman (New York) made data from his un-

published catalogue available. Benedikt Feldmann (Minster) and

Zhong Peng (Shanghai) proof-read the manuscript.

REFERENCES

Assing V (2009) A revision of the Western Palaearctic species

of Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederi-

nae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 56 (1): 109-131

Assing V (2013) On the Lathrobium fauna of China I. The fau-

na of the Qinling Shan, the Daba Shan, and adjacent regions.

Bonn Zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Hu J-Y, Li L-Z, Tian M-X & Cao G-H (2010) Addititional two

new species of the genus Nazeris from China (Coleoptera,

Staphylinidae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology

16 (1): 109-114

Hu J-Y, Li L-Z & Zhao M-J (2011) Twelve new species of the

genus Nazeris Fauvel from Zhejiang Province, China

((Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae). Zootaxa 2797:

1-20

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Ito T (2010a) Notes on the species of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)

from Asia, I. Two new species of the genus Nazeris from Sapa

District in northern Vietnam. Entomological Review of Japan

65 (1): 63-67

Ito T (2010b). Three new species of the genus Nazeris from Cao

Bang District in Northern Vietnam. Notes on the species

Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) from Asia, II. Entomological Re-

view of Japan 65 (2): 247-252

Jarrige J (1948) Staphylinides nouveaux d’ Asie Orientale. Notes

d’Entomologie Chinoise 12 (4): 39-41

Ratschbacher L, Hacker B R, Calvert A, Webb L E, Grimmer J

C, McWilliams M O, Ireland T, Dong S & Hu J (2003) Tec-

tonics of the Qinling (Central China): tectonostratigraphy,

geochronology, and deformation history. Tectonophysics

366: 1-53

Rost K T (1993) Die jungpleistozine Vergletscherung des Qin-

ling Shan (Provinz Shaanxi). Ein Beitrag zur Vergletsche-

rungsproblematik ostchinesischer Gebirge. Erdkunde 47:

131-142

Rougemont G M de (1988) Un Nazervis nouveau de Thailande

(Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae). Revue Suisse de Zoo-

logie 95 (3): 773-777

Smetana A (2004) Subfamily Paederinae Fleming, 1821. In: L6bl

I & Smetana A (eds.) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vo-

lume 2. Hydrophiloidea — Histeroidea — Staphylinoidea.

Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 579-624

Watanabe Y (1996) A new Nazeris (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

from Northern Vietnam. Species Diversity 1: 1—5

©ZFMK

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

On the Lathrobium fauna of China I.

The fauna of the Qinling Shan, the Daba Shan, and adjacent regions

(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)

Volker Assing

Gabelsbergerstr. 2, D-30163 Hannover, Germany, E-mail: vassing.hann@t-online.de.

Abstract. Types and additional material of the paederine genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 from the Qinling Shan,

the Daba Shan, and adjacent mountain ranges in Central China (Gansu, Shaanxi, northern Sichuan, western Hubei) are

revised. In all, 34 species are recognized, 29 of which are described and illustrated for the first time: LZ. aquilinum sp. n.

(Shaanxi: Daba Shan); L. biapicale sp. n. (Sichuan: Songpan env.); L. bifidum sp n. (Hubei: Daba Shan); L. biforme sp.

n. (Gansu: Qinling Shan); L. brevilobatum sp. n. (Shaanxi: Qinling Shan); L. brevisternale sp. n. (Sichuan: Min Shan);

L. brevitergale sp. n. (Shaanxi: Qinling Shan); L. concameratum sp. n. (Shaanxi: Qinling Shan); L. crassispinosum sp.

n. (Shaanx1/Sichuan: Micang Shan); L. curvispinosum sp. n. (Hubei: Daba Shan); L. declive sp. n. (Shaanxi: Qinling Shan);

L. detruncatum sp. n. (Sichuan: Songpan env.); L. effeminatum sp. n. (Shaanxi: Qinling Shan); L. falcatum sp. n. (Gan-

su: Qinling Shan); L. fissispinosum sp. n. (Hubei: Daba Shan); L. gansuense sp. n. (Gansu: Qinling Shan); L. huaense

sp. n. (Shaanxi: Qinling Shan); L. inflexum sp. n. (Gansu: mountains SE Longnan); L. /entum sp. n. (Sichuan: Songpan

env.); L. longispinosum sp. n. (Shaanxi/Sichuan: Micang Shan); L. /unatum sp. n. (Gansu: Qinling Shan); L. minicum sp.

n. (Gansu: Min Shan); L. rectispinosum sp. n. (Shaanxi: Daba Shan); L. serrilobatum sp. n. (Shaanxi/Sichuan: Micang

Shan); L. sociabile sp. n. (Shaanxi: Qinling Shan); L. spinigerum sp. n. (Shaanxi: Micang Shan); L. tectiforme sp. n.

(Shaanxi: Qinling Shan); L. trifidum sp. n. (Shaanxi/Chongqing: Daba Shan); L. varisternale sp. n. (Shaanxi: Qinling

Shan). A lectotype is designated for Lathrobium chinense Bernhauer, 1938. Aside from one widespread macropterous

species and one wing-dimorphic species distributed from Gansu to Jiangsu, all the species of the study region are local-

ly endemic and micropterous. The distributions are mapped. The endemic micropterous and wing-dimorphic species are

attributed to seven species groups. Several species are subject to more or less pronounced sexual size dimorphisms (males

larger than females). The locally endemic species were collected primarily by sifting leaf litter, moss, and grass roots in

forest and shrub habitats at altitudes of 1000-4080 m. The material of most species is represented partly by teneral adults

found in July and August, suggesting pre-imaginal development in spring and early summer. A key to the species of the

study region and a checklist of the Lathrobium species recorded from China and Taiwan are provided. Five species pre-

viously reported from China are excluded from the Chinese Lathrobium fauna; these records are most likely based on

misidentifications. One widespread East Palaearctic species is recorded from China for the first time. The genus is now

represented in mainland China by 89 and in Taiwan by 13 species.

Key words. Taxonomy, rove beetles, Lathrobium, Central China, Qinling Shan, Daba Shan, new species, lectotype

designation, sexual size dimorphism, wing dimorphism, checklist, distribution maps, key to species.

May 2013

INTRODUCTION

The Holarctic genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 is cur-

rently represented in the Palaearctic region by approxi-

mately 380 species in two subgenera (Assing 2012;

Smetana 2004; Schilke unpubl.). The West Palaearctic

Lathrobium fauna can be considered rather well-studied.

Rare discoveries of undescribed species in recent years are

confined to regions such as Turkey, Iran, and Middle Asia.

The inventory of the East Palaearctic fauna, on the other

hand, is far from complete, as is evidenced not only by

the number of recent and on-going species descriptions

particularly from China (e.g., Peng et al. 2012a—e). Two-

thirds of the 48 species recognized in a recent revision of

the Himalayan fauna were newly described (Assing 2012).

According to a checklist provided by Peng et al. (201 2a),

49 extant species of Lathrobium were previously report-

Received: 18.12.2012

Accepted: 22.02.2013

ed from mainland China; the records of four species were

regarded as doubtful. In the meantime, 15 additional

species have been described (Peng et al. 2012b-—e, 2013),

thus raising the total number of species known from main-

land China to 64. According to a recent revision, the genus

is represented in Taiwan by thirteen locally endemic

species (Assing 2010). In mainland China, Lathrobium is

undoubtedly represented by more micropterous and local-

ly endemic species than any other paederine genus. This

conclusion is based not only on the number of described

taxa, but also on personal observations both in the field

and on material seen in various public and private collec-

tions. With a total of 66 described species recorded from

mainland China, all of them micropterous and locally en-

demic, Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 is enormously diverse, too,

Corresponding editor: D. Ahrens

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 3]

Fig. 1. Geographic position of the study region in China. The frame marks the outline of the distribution maps provided below.

Fig. 2. Sample localities in the study region (all Lathrobium records pooled).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

but this genus has received more attention in the past

(Assing 2013). In the region covered in the present study,

Nazeris 1s represented by only approximately half as many

species as Lathrobium.

Unlike the Himalayan fauna, which had been addressed

by European authors such as Coiffait, the Lathrobium

species of China had received little attention until very re-

cently. Only two of the locally endemic species had been

described prior to 1990. Based on the remarkable num-

ber of recently described species from various mountain

ranges in China, on the results of the present study, and

on the material from other regions seen in various collec-

tions (to be treated in future studies), the true diversity of

Lathrobium in mainland China can be expected to com-

prise several hundred species.

The Qinling Shan is a geologically old mountain range

in central China with an east-west extension of approxi-

mately 650 km from southern Gansu in the east to Henan

in the west. The highest peak of the Qinling Shan is the

Taibai Shan at 3,767 m. The Qinling Shan forms the main

dividing line between the temperate north and the south

of China, which is strongly influenced by subtropical mon-

soon rains. According to Rost (1993), the mountain range

was partly glaciated at least in the late Pleistocene. Data

on the geology, geography, and climate were compiled by

Ratschbacher et al. (2003) and Rost (1993). Adjacent to

the Qinling Shan is the Daba Shan, which extends along

the border between Shaanxi and Sichuan eastwards into

western Hubei and which is known to represent a glacial

refuge. The Shennongjia massif forms the easternmost part

of the range and has the highest peaks, with six peaks rang-

ing in altitude from 3,000 to 3,105 m. For a map illustrat-

ing the geographic position of both the Qinling Shan and

the Daba Shan see Assing (2013) and Fig. 1. Only three

micropterous species were previously known from the

Qinling Shan (Chen et al. 2005; Peng et al. 2013), none

from the Daba Shan.

The present paper is based on material collected dur-

ing a joint field trip to southern Shaanxi, southern Gan-

su, and northern Sichuan conducted by Michael Schiilke,

David Wrase (both Berlin), and the author in summer

2012, on material collected by Andreas Pitz, Michael

Schilke, Ale’ Smetana, and David Wrase during several

earlier field trips to the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan,

as well as on additional material located in some muse-

um collections.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The morphological studies were conducted using a Ste-

mi SV 11 microscope (Zeiss Germany) and a Jenalab com-

pound microscope (Carl Zeiss Jena). A digital camera

(Nikon Coolpix 995) was used for the photographs. The

maps were created using MapCreator 2.0 (primap) soft-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

32 Volker Assing

ware. The localities where Lathrobium material was col-

lected are mapped in Fig. 2.

Body length was measured from the anterior margin of

the mandibles (in resting position) to the abdominal apex,

the length of the forebody from the anterior margin of the

mandibles to the posterior margin of the elytra, head length

from the anterior margin of the frons to the posterior mar -

gin of the head, elytral length at the suture from the apex

of the scutellum to the posterior margin of the elytra, and

the length of the aedeagus from the apex of the ventral

process to the base of the aedeagal capsule. The “para-

meral” side (1.e., the side where the sperm duct enters) is

referred to as the ventral, the opposite side as the dorsal

aspect.

COLLECTION MATERIAL DEPOSITORIES

FMNH_ Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

(via L. H. Herman)

Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle, Genéve

(G. Cuccodoro)

MNHUB Museum fiir Naturkunde der

Humboldt-Universtitat Berlin (J. Frisch)

MHNG

NHMB_Naturhistorisches Museum Basel

(M. Geiser, I. Ziircher)

NHMW _ Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

(H. Schillhammer)

SNUC _ Insect Collection of Shanghai

Normal University, Shanghai

ZFMK_ Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander

Koenig, Bonn

cAss author’s private collection

cPut priv. collection Andreas Pitz, Eisenhiittenstadt

cSch priv. collection Michael Schilke, Berlin

cSme priv. collection Ales Smetana, Ottawa

RESULTS

Diversity and distribution

Including the 29 newly described taxa, the Lathrobium

fauna of the study region is represented by as many as 34

named species. The true diversity, however, is probably

significantly greater. Females representing several unde-

scribed species were examined, a considerable number of

the newly described taxa are known only from their re-

spective type localities, and many regions of the Daba

Shan, the Qinling Shan, and adjacent mountain ranges

have not been studied thoroughly. Except for two species,

L. dignum (widespread in the East Palaearctic) and L.

sinense (widespread from Gansu to Jiangsu), all the

species are locally endemic.

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 33

Natural history

The apterous species were almost exclusively found in leaf

litter, moss, and grass roots of various forest biotopes, be-

neath shrubs, and in subalpine habitats at altitudes of

1070-4080 m. The widespread and macropterous L.

dignum was collected both at low (400 m) and at high

elevations of nearly 3,000 m. The wing-dimorphic L.

sinense appears to inhabit a wide range of habitats (moist

habitats with Artemisia and other herbs, banks of streams,

shrub and forest biotopes) at a wide range of altitudes

(600-2940 m). On numerous occasions, two or more

Lathrobium species, often belonging to the same species

group, were collected together in the same locality. It is

unclear how they are ecologically segregated.

The examined material of the majority of species includ-

ed teneral adults collected in July and August, suggesting

that mating and pre-imaginal development occur in spring

and early summer.

Remarkably, a considerable number of species, partic-

ularly those of the L. varisternale group (see below), are

subject to a more or less pronounced sexual size dimor-

phism, with the males on average slightly or distinctly

larger than the females. An explanation of how selection

may have favoured such a dimorphism is unknown.

Species groups

The micropterous Lathrobium species described from the

East Palaearctic region, including some of those record-

ed from mainland China, have mainly been attributed to

species groups such as the L. pollens and L. brachypterum,

and L. harimanum groups. Lathrobium pollens Sharp,

1889, L. brachypterum Sharp, 1889, and L. harimanum

Watanabe, 1986 are probably locally endemic to certain

regions in Japan; L. pollens was also reported from Chi-

na, but this record is likely to be based on a misidentifi-

cation (see also the checklist at the end of this paper). Ac-

cording to Watanabe (199 1a, b, 1997), the representatives

of the L. pollens group are characterized by “vestigial eyes

and degenerated hind wings like the members of the group

of L. harimanum, but can be distinguished from the lat-

ter by the darker colour of body and distinctly transverse

head and elytra” (Watanabe 1991a), whereas the species

of the L. harimanum group are distinguished from those

of the L. pollens group by “the lighter colour of body, not

transverse head, and long elytra” (Watanabe 1991b), and

the “members of the L. brachypterum group are charac-

terized by the body smaller in size than in the Lathrobi-

um (s. Str.) pollens group (Watanabe 1997). The limita-

tions of this concept are evident, not only because it is

based exclusively on typological principles, but also be-

cause it neglects numerous phylogenetically significant

characters. Thus, it is not surprising that, in a paper con-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

taining the descriptions of seven new species from Yun-

nan, Watanabe & Xiao (1997) attribute “four of the sev-

en [...] to the group of Lathrobium (s._ str.)

pollens/brachypterum” and the remaining three species to

no group at all.

The endemic Lathrobium fauna of the study region is

evidently represented by several distinct lineages, most of

which are characterized particularly by the male and fe-

male sexual characters. In general, closely related species,

particularly hypothesized adelphotaxa, are at the same

time geographically close, suggesting that the separation

of gene pools and ensuing speciation was — at least pri-

marily — initiated by local geological and climatic events.

There appear to be no closer phylogenetic affiliations be-

tween the Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and that

of the Daba Shan. Except for the wing-dimorphic and

more widespread sole representative of the L. sinense

group, the species groups are confined to either the Qin-

ling Shan (including the adjacent mountain ranges extend-

ing westwards into northern Sichuan) or the Daba Shan

(including the Micang Shan).

The L. sinense group includes only one species, L.

sinense, and is characterized above all by the highly de-

rived morphology of the aedeagus, 1.e., the conspicuous

large sclerotized internal structure with a long and spine-

like apical extension, and the short, stout, straight, and in

ventral view weakly asymmetric ventral process (Figs

9-13). Additional diagnostic characters are the relatively

small body size without sexual size dimorphism (length

of forebody 2.6—3.0 mm), the weakly modified male ster-

nite VII (Fig. 7), the shape and chaetotaxy of the male ster-

nite VII (symmetric, pubescence weakly modified, pos-

terior excision relatively deep and V-shaped) (Fig. 8), and

the anteriorly broadly undivided female tergite [X (Figs

16-17). Unlike the locally endemic species known from

the study region, L. sinense is wing-dimorphic (Figs 3—6)

and widespread (Fig. 18).

The L. /entum group, too, is represented only by a sin-

gle species, L. lentum. It differs from all other species

(groups) of the study region by the complete absence of

microsculpture on the head (Fig. 163), by the conspicu-

ously short tarsi, and by the general morphology of the

aedeagus, particularly of the ventral process of the aedea-

gus (Figs 166-167). Additional diagnostic characters are

the broad body, the relatively short pronotum (only ap-

proximately 1.2 times as long as broad), the chaetotaxy

of the male sternite VII (with two extensive clusters of

dense modified setae; Fig. 164), the weakly modified male

sternite VIII (symmetric, narrowly without pubescence

along the middle, broad and shallow posterior excision;

Fig. 165), the posteriorly weakly produced female stern-

ite VIII (only approximately as long as broad; Fig. 168),

the completely divided female tergite [X, and the weak-

ly pronounced sexual size dimorphism.

©ZFMK

34 Volker Assing

The L. fissispinosum group 1s constituted by a bi- or

trilobed ventral process of the aedeagus, an evident

synapomorphy (e.g., Figs 174-175, 180-181, 229-239),

and additionally characterized by a more or less strongly

modified (e.g., Figs 173, 179), sometimes asymmetric

male sternite VIII (e.g., Fig. 192) and by the morpholo-

gy the female tergite LX (anteriorly much shorter than ter-

gite X, either undivided, with median suture, or complete-

ly divided; e.g., Figs 189, 197). The group comprises nine

species (L. fissispinosum, L. rectispinosum, L.

curvispinosum, L. longispinosum, L. crassispinosum, L.

spinigerum, L. trifidum, L. bifidum, L. serrilobatum) dis-

tributed in the Daba Shan (including the Micang Shan).

Within this group, six species (L. fissispinosum, L. rec-

tispinosum, L. curvispinosum, L. longispinosum, L. cras-

sispinosum, L. spinigerum) share a conspicuous synapo-

morphy, the presence of a remarkably long spine in the

internal sac of the aedeagus (e.g., Figs 174-175, 180-181).

Among the remaining three species, which lack the inter-

nal spine of the aedeagus, L. trifidum and L. bifidum ap-

parently represent adelphotaxa, as can be inferred from the

similarly derived morphology of the ventral process of the

aedeagus and the similarly derived morphology of the fe-

male tergite [X (completely divided in the middle). The

third species, L. serrilobatum, shares one synapomorphy,

the small basal portion of the aedeagus, with L. fis-

sispinosum and the five other species with a long spine

in the internal sac of the aedeagus. Interestingly, the mor-

phology of the female tergite LX is subject to pronounced

variation in the L. fissispinosum group. Some species have

this tergite completely divided (e.g., Figs 205, 212), in oth-

ers it is undivided (e.g., Figs 189, 197), though always

shorter in the middle than tergite X. These extremes are

linked by transitional conditions: in some species the fe-

male tergite [X is not completely separated, but has a short

suture in the middle.

The pronounced interspecific variation of sexual char-

acters, to some extent also of external characters, suggests

that speciation in the L. fissispinosum group occurred in

the more distant geological past.

The L. effeminatum group is represented only by a sin-

gle species, L. effeminatum from the Qinling Shan, which

is characterized particularly by the shape and chaetotaxy

of the male sternite VIII (symmetric, weakly oblong, pos-

terior margin convex and without median excision, prac-

tically unmodified pubescence; Fig. 74), the absence of a

sexual dimorphism of the protarsi, and additionally by

small body size, relatively sparse punctation of the ab-

domen, the absence of a sexual dimorphism of tergite

VI, an unmodified male sternite VII (Fig. 73), an aedea-

gus with a small basal portion and with a long, slender,

and distinctly asymmetric ventral process (Figs 75-76),

and by the morphology of the female tergite IX (anterior

median portion undivided and distinctly shorter than ter-

gite X).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

The L. gansuense group comprises seven species dis-

tributed in northern Sichuan and the Qinling Shan: L. gan-

suense, L. shaanxiense, L. declive, L. heteromorphum, L.

biapicale, L. detruncatum, and L. brevisternale. This group

is constituted particularly by the presence of a small spine

in the internal sac of the aedeagus (e.g., Figs 24, 32), and

additionally by small to moderate body size, an oblong

head (e.g., Figs 19, 27), blackish eyes with weakly defined

ommatidia, mostly dense punctation of the whole ab-

domen, a weakly pronounced sexual dimorphism of the

protarsi, the absence of sexual dimorphisms of body size

(exception: L. biapicale with a weakly pronounced dimor-

phism) and of the shape of the posterior margin of tergite

VII, a weakly asymmetric male sternite VII (e.g, Figs 20,

28), a distinctly asymmetric male sternite VIII (with a

characteristic pattern of modified setae and with the pos-

terior excision moved to the left; e.g., Figs 21, 29), a

strongly asymmetric and apically acute or bilobed ventral

process (e.g., Figs 22-23, 30-31), and by the short pos-

terior processes of the anteriorly broadly undivided female

tergite IX (e.g, Fig. 26). The similar morphology of the

aedeagus, as well as the similarly derived shape and

chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII suggest that L. gan-

suense and L. shaanxiense are adelphotaxa; the same 1s

true of L. detruncatum and L. brevisternale. The species

of this group were primarily found at higher elevations

(only on one occasion below 2000 m, other records be-

tween 2270 and 4080 m).

The L. aquilinum group is represented by a single

species, L. aquilinum from the Daba Shan (western

Hubei). This group shares the symmetric aedeagus with-

out internal spine (Figs 246-247) with the L. varisternale

group, but is distinguished particularly by the complete-

ly divided female tergite [X, as well as by the rather stout

and short ventral process of the aedeagus, and by the shape

and chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII and VIII (Figs

244-245).

The L. varisternale group is the most diverse and evi-

dently the phylogenetically most recent of the species

groups in the study region. It includes 13 species distrib-

uted in the Qinling Shan and adjacent mountain ranges

(Gansu, Shaanxi): L. varisternale, L. minicum, L. lunatum,

L. falcatum, L. biforme, L. mawenliae, L. tectiforme, L.

sociabile, L. brevitergale, L. huaense, L. brevilobatum, L.

concameratum, L. inflexum. Remarkably, all of these

species, except L. inflexum, are subject to a more or less

pronounced sexual size dimorphism. In addition, they are

characterized by moderately large body size, the presence

of shallow microsculpture on the head, a weakly pro-

nounced sexual dimorphism of the protarsi, dense punc-

tation of the abdomen (punctation of tergite VII not dis-

tinctly sparser than that of anterior tergites), symmetric and

weakly to moderately modified male sternites VII and

VII (e.g., Figs 80-83), the chaetotaxy of the male stern-

ites VI and VIII (middle of sternite VIII mostly narrow-

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 35

ly non-pubescent at least in posterior half, often also mid-

dle of sternite VII partly non-pubescent), the morpholo-

gy of the symmetric aedeagus (ventral process slender,

mostly laterally more or less compressed, and apically

acute; dorsal plate lamellate and usually with more or less

pronounced median carina; absence of sclerotized spines

in internal sac; e.g, Figs 84, 90, 97), the oblong and pos-

teriorly more or less strongly produced female sternite

VIII (e.g., Figs 92, 98, by the undivided and relatively long

anterior portion of the female tergite [IX (at least nearly

as long as tergite X; e.g., Fig. 110), and the distinctly con-

vex or even angled (cross-section) female tergite X (e.g,

Riga l56)!

The low degree of character divergence particularly in

the species allied to L. huaense (L. huaense, L. tectiforme,

L. sociabile, L. brevitergale, L. brevilobatum, L. concam-

eratum) suggests that speciation has occurred only in the

recent geological past. Interspecific character variation

among the species of this group is not clinal, since up to

three species were found in the same locality. Thus, the

hypothesis that the different morphs belong to the same

variable species had to be rejected.

THE SPECIES OF THE STUDY REGION

Lathrobium dignum Sharp, 1874

Material examined. China: 1, Jiangsu, Nanjing Uni-

versity of Agriculture, VII.1991, leg. Cooter (cAss); 19,

Gansu, Xiahe (=Labrang) env., 35°11.5’N, 102°30.6’E,

2940 m, 19.—22.V.2005, leg. Hajek, Kral & Ruzicka

(cSch); 19 [teneral], Gansu, 27 km E Xiahe, Bagatan

bridge, 2750 m, 6.VIII.1994, leg. Smetana (cSme); 19,

Shaanxi, 15 km N Xi’an, bank of Wei He river near road

to X1’an airport, 34°24’N, 108°55’E, 400 m, 22.VIII.1995,

leg. Wrase (cAss). Russia: 4 exs., Russian Far East, Us-

suri mountain range, Nikolsk Ussurtysk, leg. Mandl

(NHMW, cAss); 14, 19, Russian Far East, Ussuryk Dis-

trict, Kaymanovka, 27.VI.1992, leg. Beloborodov

(NHMB, cAss); 12, Russian Far East, Artem env., Kay-

manovka, 23.—26.VII.1992, leg. Beloborodov (NHMB);

2¢ [det. Schiilke], Russian Far East, Lazovskyi district,

Pasetshnaya river, 18.V.1997, leg. Sundukov (cSch).

Comment. The above specimen from Jiangsu represents

the first confirmed primary record from China. The

records from Shaanxi and Gansu require confirmation,

since they are based exclusively on females. For illustra-

tions of the male sexual characters see Koch (1939a).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

The Lathrobium sinense species group

Lathrobium sinense Herman, 2003 (Figs 3—18)

Lathrobium (s. str. ) chinense Bernhauer, 1938: 36 f. (primary

homonym).

Lathrobium sinense Herman, 2003: 6 (replacement name).

Type material examined. Lectotype <, present designa-

tion: ““Nordwestl. China, Chinkiang, Col. Reitter / chinense

Brnh. Type. / chinense Brnh. Typus Lathrobium / Chica-

go NHMus, M.Bernhauer Collection / Lathrobrum chi-

nense Bh. 4, V.I. Gusarov det. 1993 / Lectotypus 3

Lathrobium chinense Bernhauer, desig. V. Assing 2013 /

Lathrobium sinense Herman, det. V. Assing 2013”

(FMNH). Paralectotype 2: “Nordwestl. China, Chinkiang,

Col. Reitter / chinense Brnh. Cotypus Lathrobium / Chica-

go NHMus, M.Bernhauer Collection” (FMNH).

Comment. The original description of Lathrobium chi-

nense is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from

“Nordwestl. China: Chinkiang” (Bernhauer 1938). The

name is a junior primary homonym of Lathrobium chi-

nense Boheman, 1858 and was replaced with the nomen

novum L. sinense by Herman (2003). Two syntypes, a

male and a female which had been dissected by V.

Gusarov, were located in the Bernhauer collection. The

male is designated as the lectotype.

Additional material examined. China, Gansu: 2¢, 3°,

W-Qinling Shan, 43 km N Chengxian, 34°08’N,

105°47°E, 1750 m, moist stream valley with ponds, mead-

ow with Artemisia, scraped from soil and collected from

soil surface, 28.VII.2012, leg. Assing & Schiilke (cAss,

cSch); 1d, 12, W-Qinling Shan, N Chengxian, 34°10’N,

105°42’E, 1830 m, stream valley with secondary decid-

uous forest, moist litter sifted, 29. VII.2012, leg. Assing”

(cAss); 14, 59, W-Qinling Shan, 101 km NW Longnan,

34°03’N, 104°10°E, 2200 m, SW-slope with shrubs, lit-

ter sifted, 1.VII.2012, leg. Assing & Schiilke” (cAss,

cSch); 29 [12 macropterous], W-Qinling Shan, 47 km N

Chengxian, 34°10’N, 105°43’E, 1850 m, mixed second-

ary forest margin, litter sifted, 29.VII.2012, leg. Schtilke

& Wrase (cSch, cAss); 29, Xiahe (=Labrang) env.,

35°11.5’N, 102°30.6’E, 2940 m, 19.—22.V.2005, leg. Ha-

jek, Kral & Ruzi¢ka (cSch). Sichuan: 2¢', 42, Micang

Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32°41’N, 106°49’E, 1090 m,

stream valley, secondary mixed forest, litter, grass, and

herbs near path sifted, 17.VIII.2012, leg. Assing &

Schiilke (cAss, cSch); 19 [macropterous], Micang Shan,

42 km S Hanzhong, 32°41’N, 106°49’E, 1090 m,

14. VIII.2012, leg. Assing” (cAss). Shaanxi: 19, Qinling

Shan, SW Zhouzhi, 33°44’N, 107°58’E, 1900 m, mixed

forest, litter and soil sifted, 25.VII.2012, leg. Assing

(cAss); 53, 12, Qinling Shan, 105 km SW Xi’an, pass

on road Zhouzhi—Foping, N-slope, 33°46’N, 107°58’E,

©ZFMK

36 Volker Assing

16 17

Figs 3-17. Lathrobium sinense. 3. Habitus of brachypterus male. 4. Habitus of macropterus female. 5. Forebody of brachypterus

male. 6. Forebody of macropterus female. 7. Male sternite VII. 8. Male sternite VII. 9-11. Aedeagus in lateral view of males from

Shaanxi (9) and two localities in Gansu (10-11). 12. Aedeagus in ventral view. 13. Aedeagus in dorsal view. 14. Female sternite

VIL (Shaanxi). 15. Posterior portion of female sternite VIII (Gansu). 16-17. Tergites [x—X of females from Shaanxi (16) and Gan-

su (17). Scale bars: 3—6: 1.0 mm; 7-17: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 37

r xia?

Fig. 18. Distributions of species of the L. sinense group (open symbols) and the L. gansuense group (filled symbols): L. sinense

(open circles; record from Jiangsu not shown); L. detruncatum (filled diamond); L. brevisternale (filled triangle).

1700 m, small creek valley, mixed deciduous forest, sift-

ed, 3.VII.2001, leg. Schiilke & Smetana (cSch, cSme,

cAss); 29 [1 teneral], Qinling Shan, 105 km SW Xi’an,

pass on road Zhouzhi—Foping, 33°44’N, 107°59’E, 1990

m, mixed deciduous forest with bamboo, sifted,

2.&4.VII.2001, leg. Schiilke & Wrase (cSch); 24, 49 [1d

teneral], Qinling Shan, 105 km SW Xi’an, pass on road

Zhouzhi—Foping, 33°44’N, 107°58’E, 1880 m, sifted,

4.VII.2001, leg. Schiilke (cSch, ZFMK); 29, Qinling

Shan, 30 km SSW Xi’an, Autoroute km 33, 108°49’E,

34°00’N, 600 m, river valley, sifted, 31.VIII.1995, leg.

Schtilke (cSch); 12, 31 km E Xi’an, Li Shan near Lin-

tong, 34°20’N, 109°16’E, 1000-1200 m, 23.&

25.VIII.1995, leg. Wrase (cSch); 14, 22, Ningshan Coun-

ty, Huoditang, 33°26’N, 108°27’E, 1500-1700 m,

12.VII.2012, leg. Chen, Li, Ma, Zhao & Pan (SNUC); 13,

1° [2 macropterous], same data, but Nanzheng County,

Liping National Forest Park, 32°50’N, 106°36’E,

1400-1600 m, 12.VII.2012, leg. Chen, Li, Ma, Zhao &

Pan (SNUC). Hubei: 3 [1 macropterous], 2 exs. without

abdominal apex, Daba Shan, pass E Da Shennongjia, 12

km NW Muyuping, 31°30’N, 110°21’E, 1950-2050 m,

mixed deciduous forest, sifted, 16.-22.VII.2001, leg.

Schiilke & Wrase (cSch, cAss). Without exact data: 1,

S-Shaanxi/W-Hubei, VII.2001, leg. Wrase (cSch).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Description. Relatively small, wing-dimorphic species;

body length 4.9—6.3 mm; length of forebody 2.6—2.9 mm

(brachypterous morph), 2.8—3.0 mm (macropterous

morph). Habitus of both morphs as in Figs 3-4. Coloration

variable: head reddish to blackish-brown; pronotum and

elytra reddish to dark-brown, mostly at least slightly paler

than head; abdomen reddish to blackish-brown; legs dark-

yellowish; antennae reddish.

Head (Figs 5—6) oblong, approximately 1.05—1.10 times

as long as broad; posterior angles moderately marked;

punctation variable, usually moderately coarse and not

particularly dense, even sparser in median dorsal portion;

interstices in median dorsal portion broader, in anterior,

lateral, and posterior dorsal portions narrower, as broad

as, or broader than average diameter of punctures; mi-

crosculpture shallow, but distinct. Eyes relatively large,

composed of > 50 defined ommatidia, approximately half

the length of postocular region in dorsal view, and near-

ly half as long as postocular region in lateral view. An-

tenna 1.6—1.7 mm long.

Pronotum (Figs 5—6) slender 1.25—1.30 times as long

as broad and slightly broader than head; punctation sim-

ilar to that of head; impunctate midline of moderate width;

interstices without microsculpture.

Elytra of variable length, 0.65—0.85 times (brachypter-

ous morph; Fig. 5) or 0.90—1.05 times (macropterous

morph; Fig. 6) as long as pronotum; punctation rather

©ZFMK

38 Volker Assing

sparse, fine, and shallow; interstices without microsculp-

ture. Hind wings dimorphic, either fully developed

(macropterous morph) or of reduced length (brachypter-

ous morph). Protarsomeres I-IV with weakly pronounced

sexual dimorphism.

Abdomen with very fine and very dense punctation,

punctures not distinctly sparser on tergite VII than on ter-

gites II-VI; interstices with fine and distinct microretic-

ulation; posterior margin of tergite VII in macropterous

morph with, in brachypterous morph without palisade

fringe; posterior margin of tergite VII convex, shape sub-

ject to some variation, but without sexual dimorphism.

: sternites III-VI unmodified; sternite VII moderate-

ly transverse, weakly depressed in the middle, with few

darker and longer setae near posterior margin, posterior

margin weakly concave, almost truncate (Fig. 7); ster-

nite VIII approximately as long as broad or weakly ob-

long, pubescence weakly modified, posteriorly with ill-

defined cluster of slightly denser setae on either side of

the narrowly non-pubescent middle, posterior excision

moderately deep and broadly V-shaped (Fig. 8); aedeagus

(Figs 9-13) 0.8—1.0 mm long; ventral process short, lat-

erally somewhat compressed, somewhat pointing right in

ventral view, and straight in lateral view; dorsal plate

lamellate, thin, apically pointed, without median carina,

and basally very weakly sclerotized; internal sac with con-

spicuous, large and strongly sclerotized structure apical-

ly extending into a long and twisted spine.

2: sternite VII (Figs 14-15) oblong, 0.8—0.9 mm long,

moderately to strongly convex posteriorly; tergite IX

broadly undivided anteriorly; relative lengths of tergites

IX and X variable, tergite X somewhat shorter to slight-

ly longer than tergite [X in the middle (Figs 16-17).

Intraspecific variation. Lathrobium sinense is subject to

considerable intraspecific variation, not only of external

characters such as size, coloration, punctation, length of

elytra and hind wings, the shape of the posterior margin

of tergite VIII, the shape of the female sternite VII (Figs

14-15), and the relative lengths of the female tergites

IX—X (Figs 16—17), but also of the male primary and sec-

ondary sexual characters, particularly the shape of the ven-

tral process of aedeagus (Figs 9-11). At least the variabil-

ity of the ventral process of the aedeagus appears to be

clinal to some extent, suggesting reduced gene flow

between populations.

Unlike all other congeners from the study region, L.

sinense 18 wing-dimorphic, this dimorphism not only af-

fecting the length of the elytra and hind wings, but also

the presence/absence of the palisade fringe at the poste-

rior margin of tergite VII. The presence of a macropter-

ous morph explains why L. sinense is more widespread

(Fig. 18) than its micropterous congeners in the Qinling

Shan and the Daba Shan. Four in a total of 53 examined

specimens are macropterous; all of them are females.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Comparative notes. The male sexual characters do not

suggest closer relationships to any of the other species

known from the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan.

Lathrobium sinense is readily distinguished from them by

its wing dimorphism, the relatively long elytra even in the

brachypterous morph, the oblong head, the shapes and

chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII and VIII, the shape

of the female sternite VIII, and particularly by the derived

morphology of the aedeagus (shape of ventral process,

basally conspicuously large and apically spine-shaped in-

ternal structure).

Distribution and natural history. The currently known

distribution ranges from southern Gansu across the Qin-

ling Shan and the Daba Shan to Jiangsu in East China (Fig.

18). The species appears to live in a wide range of habi-

tats. Many specimens were sifted from leaf litter and moss

in mixed deciduous forests and shrubland habitats, oth-

ers collected in grassland or from soil in wetlands. The

elevations range from 600 up to 2940 m. Syntopic species

are L. biforme, L. lunatum, L. longispinosum, L. cras-

sispinosum, L. fissispinosum, L. curvispinosum, L. bifidum,

L. tectiforme, L. brevitergale, L. concameratum, and L. ef-

feminatum. The sex ratio in the samples (174 : 359) is

biased in favour of females. Two specimens collected in

July are teneral.

The Lathrobium gansuense species group

Lathrobium gansuense sp. n. (Figs 19-26, 42)

Type material. Holotype @: “CHINA [10] - S-Gansu, W-

Qinling Shan, NW Longnan, 34°14°32”N, 103°54’29”E,

3000 m, 2.VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus ¢ Lathrobi-

um gansuense sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss).

Paratypes: 24, 172: same data as holotype (cAss); 21¢,

13Q: “CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-10], W-Qinling Shan, 132

km NW _ Longnan, Lazikou pass, 34°14°32”N,

103°54’29”E, 3000 m, N-slope, pasture with shrubs, lit-

ter sifted, 2. VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch, ZFMK);

34, 12 [9 teneral]: “CHINA [11] - S-Gansu, W-Qinling

Shan, NW Longnan, 34°07°57”N, 103°56715”E, 2260 m,

3.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss); 19: “CHINA (S.Gansu)

W.Qinling Shan, 125 km NW Longnan, Lazidou pass,

S.side, Zhuli valley, 34°07°57”N, 103°56°15”E, 2260 m

(N.slope, mixed forest, oak/pine near creek, moss, litter

sifted) 3. VIII. 2012 D.W. Wrase [11]” (cSch).

Etymology. The specific epithet (adjective) is derived

from the name of the province where the type locality is

situated and represents an analogy to L. shaanxiense, the

name of its closest relative.

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 39

Figs 19-32. Lathrobium gansuense (19-26) and L. declive (27-32). 19, 27. Forebody. 20, 28. Male sternite VII. 21, 29. Male

sternite VIII. 22-23, 30-31. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 24, 32. Sclerotized internal structure of aedeagus in lateral

view. 25. Female sternite VIII. 26. Female tergites [x—X. Scale bars: 19, 27: 1.0 mm; 20-23, 25-26, 28-31: 0.5 mm; 24, 32: 0.1

mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

40 Volker Assing

Description. Small species without sexual size dimor-

phism; body length 5.3-6.8 mm; length of forebody

2.5—2.8 mm. Coloration: forebody dark reddish-brown to

dark-brown; legs and antennae pale-reddish.

Head (Fig. 19) oblong, usually 1.10—1.15 times as long

as broad; posterior angles weakly pronounced; punctation

rather coarse and dense, sparser in median dorsal portion;

interstices narrower than average diameter of punctures

in lateral, anterior, and posterior portion, somewhat broad-

er than diameter of punctures in median dorsal portion;

microsculpture very shallow, but distinct. Eyes relative-

ly large, composed of > 50 weakly defined ommatidia, ap-

proximately 1/3 the length of postocular region in dorsal

view, and approximately 0.35 times as long as postocu-

lar region in lateral view. Antenna 1.4—1.5 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 19) 25—1.30 times as long as broad and

1.05—1.10 times as broad as head; punctation similar to

that of head, but somewhat sparser; midline broadly im-

punctate; interstices without microsculpture.

Elytra (Fig. 19) moderately short, approximately 0.6

times as long as pronotum; punctation rather sparse, fine,

and shallow; interstices without microsculpture. Hind

wings completely reduced. Protarsomeres I-IV with mod-

erate sexual dimorphism.

Abdomen with fine and dense punctation, punctures on-

ly slightly sparser on tergite VII than on II-VI; interstices

with fine and distinct microreticulation; posterior margin

of tergite VII without palisade fringe; posterior margin of

tergite VII weakly convex, without sexual dimorphism.

&: protarsomeres I-IV moderately and rather variably

dilated; sternites II-VI unmodified; sternite VII moder-

ately transverse, with rather extensive and shallow medi-

an impression posteriorly, this impression with rather

weakly modified long black setae, posterior margin weak-

ly and broadly concave, weakly asymmetric (Fig. 20); ster-

nite VII] asymmetric, weakly transverse, with distinct,

oblique median impression, this impression with cluster

of moderately modified black setae on either side of mid-

dle, posterior margin with shallow excision of asymmet-

ric shape and in asymmetric position (Fig. 21); aedeagus

(Figs 22—24) approximately 0.9 mm long; ventral process

distinctly asymmetric, broad in ventral view, and with

acute and somewhat twisted and curved apex; dorsal plate

lamellate, rather weakly sclerotized, apically conspicuous-

ly acute, needle-shaped, and with long, thin, and slender

basal portion; internal sac with dark membranous struc-

tures and with short and stout, apically somewhat wrench-

shaped sclerotized internal structure.

©: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, but at least

slightly less so than in male; sternite VII approximately

0.8 mm long, moderately oblong, posterior margin con-

vexly produced in the middle (Fig. 25); tergite [X anteri-

orly broadly undivided, posterior process short; tergite X

distinctly shorter than tergite [X in the middle (Fig. 26).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Comparative notes. Lathrobium gansuense is undoubt-

edly most closely related to, and probably the sister species

of L. shaanxiense, as can be inferred from the similar ex-

ternal morphology, the similar female terminalia, and par-

ticularly the similarly derived morphology of the male sex-

ual characters (shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternites

VII and VIII; aedeagus with distinctly asymmetric,

basally broad, and apically acute ventral process, with long

and slender basal portion of the dorsal plate, and with

somewhat hook-shaped sclerotized spine in internal sac).

It differs from L. shaanxiense by the apically less acute

ventral process of the aedeagus (both in lateral and in ven-

tral view), the apically needle-shaped dorsal plate (L.

shaanxiense: apically convex in dorsal view), the shape

of the internal sclerotized structure of the aedeagus, the

less asymmetric shape and chaetotaxy of the male ster-

nite VII, the more asymmetric male sternite VIII, and the

slightly more oblong female sternite VIII.

Distribution and natural history. The species was dis-

covered in two geographically close localities at and near

the Lazikou pass in the western Qinling Shan, to the north-

west of Longnan, southern Gansu (Fig. 42). Numerous

specimens were sifted from moss and leaf litter in a moist

pasture with shrubs at an altitude of 3000 m, some also

in a mixed forest near a stream at an altitude of 2260 m,

in the latter locality together with L. /unatum. Three of the

paratypes are teneral.

Lathrobium declive sp. n. (Figs 27-32, 42)

Type material. Holotype 3: “CHINA - Shaanxi, Qinling

Shan, Houzhenzi to Taibai Shan, 3500 m, alpine mead-

ows, 2.-4.VIII.1998, leg. Tryzna et al. / Holotypus 4 Lath-

robium declive sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: oblique)

refers to the shape of the posterior margin of the male ster-

nite VIII.

Description. Body length 5.4 mm; length of forebody 2.7

mm. Coloration: forebody blackish-brown; abdomen

blackish; legs and antennae pale-reddish.

External characters (Fig. 27) as in L. gansuense, except

as follows:

Head with very shallow traces of microsculpture; ab-

domen with less pronounced microsculpture and with

slightly sparser punctation.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternites II-VI

unmodified; sternite VII moderately transverse, pubes-

cence not distinctly modified, posterior margin broadly

concave in the middle, weakly asymmetric (Fig. 28); ster-

nite VII with rather deep and strongly asymmetric pos-

terior excision, pubescence weakly modified (Fig. 29);

©OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 4]

aedeagus (Figs 30-31) approximately 0.9 mm long; ven-

tral process distinctly asymmetric, basally broad and ap1-

cally acute in ventral view, subapically curved in lateral

view; dorsal plate thin and lamellate, weakly sclerotized,

and apically acute; internal sac with dark membranous

structures and with moderately short, slender, and apical-

ly somewhat wrench-shaped sclerotized internal structure

(Fig. 32).

©: unknown.

Comparative notes. Lathrobium declive is clearly close-

ly related to L. gansuense and allied species, as is suggest-

ed by the similarly derived morphology of the male ster-

nite VIII and the aedeagus. Among the species of the L.

gansuense group, it is externally most similar to L. gan-

suense and L. shaanxiense, but readily distinguished from

them by the shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite

VII, as well as by the shapes of the ventral process and

the internal sclerotized structure of the aedeagus.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated near the summit of the Taibai Shan, the highest

mountain in the Qinling Shan range (Fig. 42). According

to the data provided on the label, the holotype was col-

lected in an alpine meadow at an altitude of 3500 m.

Lathrobium shaanxiense Chen, Li & Zhao, 2005

(Figs 33-38, 42)

Type material examined. Paratype ¢: “China: Shaanxi

Prov., Baoji City, Taibaishan, alt. 2350-2750, 14-ITV-2004

[sic], Hu, Tang&Zhu leg. / Paratype Lathrobium

shaanxiensis [sic] / Chen, Li & Zhao, 2012 [sic], SHNU

collections” (cAss).

Additional material examined. China: Shaanxi: 2, 2°

[12 teneral], SW Meixian, Qinling Shan, 34°01°31N,

107°24’13”E, 1870 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous for-

est, near stream, litter and grass sifted, 26.VII.2012, leg.

Assing & Schiilke (cAss, cSch).

Comment. The external and particularly the male sexu-

al characters leave no doubt that this species belongs to

the L. gansuense group. Among the species of this group,

it appears to be most closely allied to L. declive and L.

gansuense, with which it shares the similarly derived

shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII, as well as

the similar morphology of the aedeagus. The male and fe-

male sexual characters are illustrated in Figs 33-38.

The above specimens represent the first records since

the original description, which is based on a male holo-

type and a male paratype from “Taibaishan Conv. (alt.

2750-3300 m)” (Chen et al. 2005). The distribution is

mapped in Fig. 42. One of the above females is teneral.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Lathrobium heteromorphum Chen, Li & Zhao, 2005

(Figs 39-41)

Type material examined. Paratype ¢: “China: Shaanxi

Prov., Baoji City, Taibaishan, alt. 2350-2750, 14-ITV-2004

[sic], Hu, Tang&Zhu leg. / Paratype Lathrobium hetero-

morphum / Chen, Li & Zhao, 2012 [sic], SHNU collec-

tions” (cAss).

Comment. This species belongs to the L. gansuense

group, as can be inferred particularly from the similarly

derived morphology of the asymmetric ventral process of

the aedeagus and by the shape and chaetotaxy of the

strongly asymmetric male sternite VII. The latter and the

shape of the morphology of the aedeagus somewhat re-

semble those of L. declive, from which L. heteromorphum

is readily distinguished by the distinctly larger body size

(length of forebody: 3.2 mm), the paler coloration (fore-

body reddish; abdomen brown with reddish apex), the dis-

tinctly denser punctation of the forebody, the much more

strongly modified setae on the male sternite VII (Fig. 39),

and the distinctly larger (1.5 mm) and differently shaped

aedeagus (Figs 40-41). Lathrobium heteromorphum has

been recorded only from the type locality, the Taibai Shan.

Lathrobium biapicale sp. n. (Figs 42-54)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [19] - N-Sichuan,

N Songpan, 33°03715”N, 103°43°36”E, 3390 m, spruce

forest, sifted, 9. VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus 4 Lath-

robium biapicale sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss).

Paratypes: 114, 192: same data as holotype (cAss;

MNHUB); 66, 49: “CHINA: N-Sichuan [CH12-19], 47

km N Songpan, road S 301 km 118, N Gongangling pass,

33°03" 15” N, 103°43736”E, 3390 m, spruce forest with

shrubs, litter, moss & mushrooms sifted, 9. VIII.2012, leg.

M. Schiilke” (cSch); 34’, 12: “CHINA [21]- N-Sichuan,

N Songpan, 33°04°31°N, 103°42°38”E, 3230 m, spruce

forest, sifted, 9.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss); 34, 19:

“CHINA: N-Sichuan [CH12-21], 49 km N Songpan, road

S 301 km 114, N Gongangling pass, 33°04731”N,

103°42°38”E, 3230 m, spruce forest, litter, moss & mush-

rooms sifted, 9. VII.2012, leg. M. Schitilke” (cSch); 19:

“CHINA: N-Sichuan [CH12-20], 60 km N Songpan, road

S 301 km 103, N Gongangling pass, 33°10°06”N,

103°43°13”E, 3000 m, forest near creek, litter sifted,

9. VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 34’, 22: “CHINA

[23]- N-Sichuan, pass ENE Songpan, 3920 m,

32°44’23”N, 103°44°31”E, sifted, 10.VIII.2012,

V. Assing” (cAss); 164, 249: “CHINA [24]- N-Sichuan,

pass NW Songpan, 3600 m, 32°55’32”N, 103°25°56”E,

sifted, 11.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss, MNHUB); 56,

162: “CHINA: N-Sichuan [CH12-24], pass 35 km NNW

Songpan, 32°55732”N, 103°25’56”E, 3600 m, moist N-

©ZFMK

42 Volker Assing

Figs 33-41. Lathrobium shaanxiense (33-38) and L. heteromorphum (39-40). 33. Male sternite VI. 34, 39. Male sternite VIII.

35-36, 40-41. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 37. Sclerotized internal structure of aedeagus in lateral view. 38. Female

sternite VIII. Scale bars: 33-36, 38-41: 0.5 mm; 37: 0.1 mm.

slope with Salix and other shrubs, litter, grass roots & moss

sifted, 11.VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 83, 109:

“CHINA (N-Sichuan) pass 35 km NNW Songpan

32°55°32”N, 103°25’°56”E, 3600 m, (moist N-slope with

Salix, other shrubs, litter, moss, soil sifted, 11.VIII.2012,

D.W. Wrase [24]” (cSch); 74, 79: “CHINA [26] - N-

Sichuan N Songpan, 33°15’26”N, 103°46’03”E, 2700 m,

spruce forest with birch, 12.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss,

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

MNHUB); 76, 39: “CHINA: N-Sichuan [CH12-26], 70

km N Songpan, road S 301, above Gan lake, N Gongang-

ling pass, 33°15’26”N, 103°46°03”E, 2700 m, spruce for-

est with birch, litter, mushrooms, moss, and dead wood

sifted, 12. VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch, ZFMK); 19:

“CHINA (N.Sichuan) 70 km N Songpan, road S 301,

above Gan lake, 33°15’26’N, 103°46’°03”E, 2700 m

(spruce forest with birch, litter, moss, soil sifted)

©OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 43

Fig. 42. Distributions of species of the LZ. gansuense group (filled symbols) and the L. varisternale group (open symbols): L. bi-

apicale (filled triangles); L. gansuense (filled circles); L. shaanxiense (filled diamonds); L. declive (filled star); L. concameratum

(open circles); L. sociabile (open triangle).

12.VIII.2012, D.W. Wrase” (cSch); 1¢: “CHINA

(Sichuan) Pass zw. Zhangla u. Jiuzhaigou, 3400-3500 m,

30.VI.1996, W. Heinz leg.” (cSme).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: with

two apices) alludes to the apically bifid ventral process

of the aedeagus.

Description. Size subject to weakly pronounced sexual

dimorphism, males on average slightly larger; body length

6.0-8.2 mm (<@), 5.5-7.5 mm (Q); length of forebody

3.0-3.5 mm (¢), 2.8-3.4 mm (). Coloration: forebody

dark-brown to blackish-brown; abdomen blackish-brown

to blackish; legs dark-reddish to dark-brown with paler tar-

si; antennae reddish.

Head (Fig. 43) oblong, 1.05—1.10 times as long as broad;

posterior angles moderately pronounced, rounded but no-

ticeable; punctation moderately coarse and of somewhat

variable density, sparser in median dorsal portion; inter-

stices on average approximately as broad as diameter of

punctures, somewhat broader than diameter of punctures

in median dorsal portion; microsculpture shallow, but dis-

tinct. Eyes relatively large, composed of > 50 weakly de-

fined ommatidia, 1/4—1/3 the length of postocular region

in dorsal view. Antenna 1.6—1.8 mm long.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Pronotum (Fig. 43) approximately 1.3 times as long as

broad and 1.05 times as broad as head; punctation simi-

lar to that of head; midline broadly impunctate; interstices

without microsculpture.

Elytra (Fig. 43) moderately short, approximately 0.6

times as long as pronotum; punctation sparse, fine, and

shallow; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings

completely reduced. Protarsomeres I-IV with moderate

sexual dimorphism.

Abdomen with fine and dense punctation, punctures on-

ly slightly sparser on tergite VII than on tergites II-VI;

interstices with fine and shallow microreticulation; pos-

terior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; pos-

terior margin of tergite VIII weakly convex to almost trun-

cate, without evident sexual dimorphism.

3: protarsomeres I-IV moderately and rather variably

dilated; sternites IM—VI unmodified; sternite VII strong-

ly transverse and somewhat asymmetric, with rather ex-

tensive and shallow median impression, this impression

with weakly modified long black setae, posterior margin

broadly concave, with broad median concavity in asym-

metric position (Fig. 44); sternite VIII asymmetric,

strongly transverse, with oblique median impression, this

impression with cluster of moderately modified short black

setae, posterior margin broadly and very asymmetrically

©ZFMK

44 Volker Assing

53 49 50

Figs 43-54. Lathrobium biapicale. 43. Forebody. 44. Male sternite VII. 45. Male sternite VIII. 46-48. Aedeagus in lateral and in

ventral view. 49. Apical portion of ventral process of aedeagus in ventral view. 50. Sclerotized internal structure of aedeagus in

lateral view. 51-52. Female sternite VII. 53. Female tergites [x—X. 54. Apex of female abdomen in ventral view. Scale bars: 43:

1.0 mm; 4449, 51-54: 0.5 mm; 50: 0.1 mm.

excised (Fig. 45); aedeagus (Figs 46-50) 1.4—1.5 mm long;

ventral process distinctly asymmetric, broad in ventral

view, apically with two lobes, the left one lamellate and

the right one shaped like a spine (ventral view); dorsal

plate lamellate, thin, and apically acute, without median

carina; internal sac with short forked sclerotized spine and

with additional dark membranous structures.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

©: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, but at least

slightly less so than in male; sternite VII (Figs 51-52)

approximately 1.0 mm long, oblong, posterior margin with

truncate projection in the middle; tergite LX anteriorly

broadly undivided, posterior processes short; tergite X

longer than tergite IX in the middle (Fig. 53); abdominal

apex ventrally with oblique amorphous, moderately scle-

rotized sclerite (Fig. 54).

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 45

Intraspecific variation. The species is subject to rather

pronounced intraspecific variation of size, the shape of the

protarsomeres I-IV, the shape of the female sternite VII

(Figs 51-52) and also of the shape of the apices of the ven-

tral process of the aedeagus. Both apices may vary in

shape and length (Figs 48-49).

Comparative notes. The similarly derived shapes and

chaetotaxy of the asymmetric male sternites VII and

VIII, the morphology of the aedeagus (asymmetric ven-

tral process; presence of a short sclerotized spine in in-

ternal sac; long, lamellate, and thin dorsal plate), the mor-

phology of the female terminalia (posterior processes of

tergite [X short; tergite [X anteriorly broadly undivided),

and the external characters (oblong head; finely punctate

elytra) suggest that L. biapicale belongs to the L. gan-

suense species group. It is distinguished from other rep-

resentatives of this group particularly by the conspicuous

morphology of the ventral process of the aedeagus, as well

as by the shapes and chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII

and VIII, and by the shape of the female sternite VIII. It

differs from the syntopic L. /entum by the paler coloration,

the more slender pronotum, the longer legs (particularly

the longer tarsi), the more slender habitus, and by the com-

pletely different sexual characters.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in great numbers in various localities near Songpan, north-

ern Sichuan (Fig. 42). The specimens were sifted from leaf

litter, moss, and grass roots in montane primary mixed and

coniferous forests (spruce, birch, etc.), in subalpine rho-

dodendron vegetation, and in subalpine shrub vegetation

at altitudes of 2700-3920 m, in one locality together with

L. detruncatum and L. lentum.

Lathrobium detruncatum sp. n. (Figs 18, 55—62)

Type material. Holotype 3: “CHINA [24]- N-Sichuan,

pass NW Songpan, 3600 m, 32°55’32”N, 103°25’°56”E,

sifted, 11.VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus ¢ Lathrobi-

um detruncatum sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss).

Paratypes: 14, 19: same data as holotype (cAss); 22:

“CHINA: N-Sichuan [CH12-24], pass 35 km NNW Song-

pan, 32°55°32”N, 103°25’56”E, 3600 m, moist N-slope

with Salix and other shrubs, litter, grass roots & moss sift-

ed, 11.VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 24: “CHINA

(N-Sichuan) pass 35 km NNW Songpan 32°55’32”N,

103°25’56”E, 3600 m, (moist N-slope with Salix, other

shrubs, litter, moss, soil sifted) 11. VIII.2012, D.W. Wrase

[24]” (cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) alludes

to the apically truncate dorsal plate of the aedeagus.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Description. Body length 7.0—7.5 mm (<4), 7.0 mm (@);

length of forebody 3.1-3.2 mm (4), 3.1 mm (Q). Col-

oration: body blackish; legs yellowish-brown; antennae

reddish. Microreticulation of head very shallow, often al-

most obsolete, except for frons where the microsculpture

is usually more distinct. Other external characters (Fig. 55)

as in L. biapicale.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternites II-VI

unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 56) strongly transverse and

somewhat asymmetric, with shallow and oblique median

impression, this impression with weakly modified long

black setae, posterior margin truncate, with very shallow

median concavity in asymmetric position and with fringe

of long marginal setae; sternite VIII (Fig. 57) strongly

asymmetric, distinctly transverse, with oblique median im-

pression, this impression with moderately modified short

black setae posteriorly, posterior margin broadly, deeply,

and very asymmetrically excised; aedeagus (Figs 58-60)

approximately 1.2 mm long; ventral process distinctly

asymmetric and apically acute; dorsal plate lamellate, thin,

and apically truncate, without median carina, and with

long and weakly sclerotized basal portion; internal sac

with short forked sclerotized spine and with additional

dark membranous structures.

°: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, but slightly less

so than in male; sternite VIII approximately 1.0 mm long,

oblong, posterior margin with convex projection in the

middle (Fig. 61); tergite IX anteriorly broadly undivided,

posterior processes short; tergite X slightly shorter than

tergite [IX in the middle (Fig. 62).

Comparative notes. The similarly derived shapes and

chaetotaxy of the asymmetric male sternites VII and

VUI, the morphology of the aedeagus (asymmetric ven-

tral process; presence of a short forked sclerotized spine

in internal sac; long, lamellate, and thin dorsal plate), the

morphology of the female terminalia (posterior process-

es of tergite IX short; tergite [X anteriorly broadly undi-

vided), and the external characters (oblong head; finely

punctate elytra) indicate that L. detruncatum belongs to

the L. gansuense species group. Together with the follow-

ing species, its hypothesized adelphotaxon, it is most

closely related to L. biapicale, as can be inferred from the

male secondary sexual characters and from the presence

of a forked sclerotized spine in the internal sac of the

aedeagus. It is distinguished from other representatives of

this group particularly by the conspicuous morphology of

the aedeagus, as well as by the shapes and chaetotaxy of

the male sternites VII and VIII, and by the shape of the

female sternite VIII, from the syntopic L. biapicale addi-

tionally by the on average paler legs and the more indis-

tinct or even nearly obsolete microsculpture of the head.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated to the northwest of Songpan, northern Sichuan (Fig.

©ZFMK

46 Volker Assing

Figs 55-69. Lathrobium detruncatum (55-62) and L. brevisternale (63-69). 55, 63. Forebody. 56, 64. Male sternite VII. 57, 65.

Male sternite VIII. 58-59, 66-67. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 60. Sclerotized internal structure of aedeagus in lateral

view. 61, 68. Female sternite VIII. 62, 69. Female tergites IX—X. Scale bars: 55, 63: 1.0 mm; 56-59, 61—62, 64-69: 0.5 mm; 60: _

0.1 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 47

18). The specimens were sifted from grass roots, leaf lit-

ter, and moss on a moist north slope with Salix sp. and

other shrubs at an altitude of 3600 m, together with nu-

merous specimens of L. biapicale and L. lentum.

Lathrobium brevisternale sp. n. (Figs 18, 63-69)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [22]- N-Sichuan,

pass ENE Songpan, 4080 m, 32°44’54”N, 103°43°43”E,

sifted, 10. VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus ¢ Lathrobi-

um brevisternale sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss).

Paratypes: 29 2: same data as holotype (cAss); 1 9: “CHI-

NA: N-Sichuan [CH12-22], Min Shan, pass 17 km NE

Songpan, 32°44°54”N, 103°43°43”E, 4080 m, W-slope

with scree and shrubs, litter and moss sifted, 10. VII.2012,

leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers

to the conspicuously short female sternite VI, a charac-

ter distinguishing L. brevisternale from all other species

treated in this paper.

Description. Body length 7.3 mm (@), 6.3—-7.0 mm (2);

length of forebody 3.1 mm (@), 2.9-3.0 mm (). Col-

oration: body blackish; legs brown; antennae reddish. Oth-

er external characters (Fig. 63) as in L. biapicale.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternites II-VI

unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 64) strongly transverse and

distinctly asymmetric, with shallow oblique median im-

pression, this impression with weakly modified long black

setae, posterior margin truncate, with broad and distinct

median concavity in asymmetric position; sternite VIII

(Fig. 65) strongly asymmetric, distinctly transverse, with

distinct oblique latero-median impression, this impression

extensively without setae in the middle and delimited by

oblong cluster of moderately modified short black setae

on either side, posterior margin strongly modified, distinct-

ly bisinuate, posterior excision deep, rather narrow, and

in lateral position; aedeagus (Figs 66-67) approximately

1.2 mm long; ventral process distinctly asymmetric and

apically acute; dorsal plate lamellate, thin, and apically

truncate, without median carina, and with long and weak-

ly sclerotized basal portion; internal sac with short forked

sclerotized spine and with additional dark membranous

structures.

2: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, but less so than

in male; sternite VIII approximately 0.9 mm long, approx-

imately as long as broad, posterior margin broadly con-

vex, in the middle weakly concave (Fig. 68); tergite IX

anteriorly broadly undivided, posterior processes short;

tergite X approximately as long as tergite IX in the mid-

dle (Fig. 69).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Comparative notes. Lathrobium brevisternale is prob-

ably the adelphotaxon of L. detruncatum, with which it

not only shares similar external characters, but also sim-

ilar modifications of the male sternites VII and VIII (ster-

nite VII transverse, with oblique impression, and with

shallow posterior concavity in asymmetric position; ster-

nite VII strongly asymmetric, with oblique impression,

and with rather deep posterior excision in lateral position),

as well as an aedeagus with an asymmetric, basally broad,

and apically very acute ventral process and with an api-

cally truncate dorsal plate. It differs from L. detruncatum

by the darker legs, the more pronounced posterior concav-

ity of the male sternite VII, the shape and chaetotaxy of

the male sternite VII, the basally broader, apically more

slender (ventral view), and narrowly truncate apex (later-

al view) of the ventral process of the aedeagus, and by the

shorter, posteriorly not produced female sternite VIII.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Min Shan to the northeast of Songpan, north-

ern Sichuan (Fig. 18). The specimens were sifted from lit-

ter beneath low subalpine shrub vegetation on a west slope

with scree, at an altitude of 4080 m. No other Lathrobi-

um species was present at the site.

The Lathrobium effeminatum species group

Lathrobium effeminatum sp. n. (Figs 70-77)

Type material. Holotype @: “China Shaanxi Qinling pass

rd. Zhouzhi Foping 105 km SW Xi’an/ N-slope 1700 m

33°46’N 107°58’E 3.VII.2001 A. Smetana [C91] / Holo-

typus <4 Lathrobium effeminatum sp. n., det. V. Assing

2012” (cAss). Paratypes: 44, 39: same data as holotype

(cSme, cAss); 19: “CHINA Shaanxi Qinling Shan pass

rd. Zhouzhi Foping 105 km SW Xi’an/ N-slope 1990 m

33°44’°N 107°59’E 2.VI1.2001 A. Smetana [C89]” (cSme);

1¢: “China Shaanxi Qinling Shan above Houzhenzi 115

km WSW Xi’an/ 1450 m, 33°50’N 107°47°E 5.VII.2001

A. Smetana [C95b]” (cAss); 19: “CHINA [1] - S-Shaanxi,

SW Zhouzhi, Qinling Shan, 33°44’°02”N, 107°58°06”E,

1900 m, 25.VII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss); 34, 109: “CHI-

NA: S-Shaanxi (Qinling Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi-Fop-

ing, 105 km SW Xi’an, N-slope, 1700 m, 33°46’N,

107°58’E, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-02] / 3.VII.2001, small

creek valley, mixed deciduous forest, moss (sifted) [C01-

02] (cSch, cAss, ZFMK); 49: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qin-

ling Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW

Xi’an, N-slope, 1990 m, 33°44’N, 107°59’E, leg. M.

Schtilke [CO1-01] / 2./4.VII.2001, small creek valley,

mixed deciduous forest, bamboo, small meadows, dead

wood, mushrooms (sifted) [C01-01]” (cSch, cAss); 12:

“China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling Shan, 107.56 E, 33.45 N, Au-

toroute km 93 S of Zhouzhi, 108 km SW Xian, Mountain

©OZFMK

48 Volker Assing

Fig. 70. Distributions of species of the L. effeminatum group (filled symbols) and the L. varisternale group (open symbols): L.

effeminatum (filled circles); L. /unatum (open stars); L. biforme (open circles); L. varisternale (open square); L. brevilobatum (open

diamond).

Forrest [sic], sifted, 1650 m, 1.—2.09.1995, leg. M.

Schiilke” (cSch); 14: “China (Shaanxi) Qin Ling

Shan/107.56E 33.45N, autoroute km 93 S Zhouzhi, 108

km SW Xian, mount.forest, 1650 m, 1.-2.1X.95 Wrase”

(cSch); 19: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qinling Shan), river

bank above Houzhenzi, 115 km WSW X1’an, 1450 m,

33°50’N, 107°47°E, leg. M. Schtlke [C01-06] /

5.VIH.2001, gravel bank (floating), mixed deciduous for-

est, most, mushrooms (sifted) [C01-06] (cSch); 29: “CHI-

NA (S-Shaanxi) Qinling Shan, river bank above Houzhen-

zi, 115 km WSW Xi’an, 1450 m, 33°50’N, 107°47°E

(mixed decid. for./moss/leaves-sifted) 4.VII.2001 Wrase

[06]” (cSch); 64, 59: “CHINA: Shaanxi Prov., Ningshan

County, Huoditang, 33°26’N, 108°27’E, 12.vii.2012, alt.

1,500—1,700 m, Chen, Li, Ma, Zhao & Pan leg.” (SNUC);

24, 52: same data, but “24—25.v.2008, alt. 1,700 m, Hu-

ang & Xu leg.” (SNUC); 64, 59: same data, but “Zhouzhi

County, Qinling Daoban, 33°43’N, 107°58’E, 4.v.2008,

alt. 1,900 m, Huang & Xu leg.” (SNUC); 63, 72, same

data, but “Foping County, Foping N. R., 33°32’N,

107°57°E, 18.vii.2004, alt. 1,400—1,800 m, Hu, Tang &

Zhu leg.” (SNUC).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) alludes

to the weakly pronounced male sexual characters.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Description. Small species without sexual size dimor-

phism; body length 5.0—-5.3 mm; length of forebody

2.4-2.8 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 71. Coloration: body

brown to dark-brown; legs reddish to brown; antennae red-

dish.

Head (Fig. 72) weakly oblong or approximately as long

as broad; posterior angles moderately pronounced, round-

ed but noticeable; punctation moderately coarse and of

somewhat variable density, sparser in median dorsal por-

tion; microsculpture shallow, but distinct. Eyes moderate-

ly large, of somewhat variable size, composed of < 50

weakly defined ommatidia, at least approximately one

third the length of postocular region in dorsal view. An-

tenna 1.4—1.5 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 72) approximately 1.25 times as long

as broad and slightly broader than head; punctation sim-

ilar to that of head, but usually somewhat sparser; mid-

line broadly impunctate; interstices without microsculp-

ture.

Elytra (Fig. 72) short, approximately 0.55—0.60 times

as long as pronotum; punctation variable, moderately

sparse to moderately dense, defined or weakly defined; in-

terstices without microsculpture. Hind wings completely

reduced. Protarsomeres I-IV without appreciable sexual

dimorphism, weakly dilated in both sexes.

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 49

Figs 71-86. Lathrobium effeminatum (71-78) and L. varisternale (79-86). 71. Habitus. 72, 79. Forebody. 73, 80-81. Male

sternite VII (80: holotype; 81: paratype). 74, 82-83. Male sternite VIII (82: holotype; 83: paratype). 75-76, 84. Aedeagus in lat-

eral and in ventral view. 77. Apical portion of ventral process of aedeagus in ventro-lateral view. 78, 86. Female sternite VIII. 85.

Apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view. Scale bars: 71—72, 79: 1.0 mm; 73-76, 78, 80-86: 0.5 mm; 77: 0.1 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

50 Volker Assing

Abdomen with fine and moderately dense punctation,

punctures distinctly finer and sparser on tergites VII—

VUI than on tergites II-VI; interstices with fine and shal-

low microreticulation; posterior margin of tergite VI with-

out palisade fringe; posterior margin of tergite VII weak-

ly convex, without evident sexual dimorphism.

&: sternites II-VI [sic] unmodified (Fig. 73); sternite

VII weakly modified, with convex posterior margin (Fig.

74); aedeagus (Figs 75—77) approximately 1.0 mm long,

distinctly asymmetric; ventral process slender; internal sac

with long and slender semi-transparent spine.

©: sternite VIII approximately 0.8 mm long, oblong, and

with strongly convex posterior margin (Fig. 78); tergite

X distinctly longer than the undivided tergite [X in the

middle.

Comparative notes. The male sexual characters do not

suggest closer affiliations with any of the other species in

the study region. In general appearance, L. effeminatum

is similar to the species of the L. gansuense group, with

which it also shares the relatively large eyes with weak-

ly defined ommatidia. The species is readily separated

from its congeners by the distinctive morphology of the

aedeagus, the unmodified male sternite VII, the weakly

modified and posteriorly convex sternite VIII, and the

weakly dilated protarsi in both sexes.

Distribution and natural history. The distribution of this

species is confined to the region to the southeast of the

Taibai Shan in the Qinling Shan range, southern Shaanxi

(Fig. 70). The specimens were sifted from leaf litter in

mixed deciduous forests at altitudes from approximately

1450 up to 1990 m, partly together with L. sinense, L. con-

cameratum, L. tectiforme, and/or L. brevitergale.

The Lathrobium varisternale species group

Lathrobium varisternale sp. n. (Figs 70, 79-86)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [2] - S-Shaanxi, SW

Meixian, Qinling Shan, 34°01°31”N, 107°24713”E, 1870

m, 26.VII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus 3 Lathrobium

varisternale sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes:

22: same data as holotype (cAss); 23, 49: “CHINA: S-

Shaanxi [CH12-02], 42 km SW Meixian, 34°01°32”N,

107°24°13”E, 1875 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous for-

est near creek, litter & grass sifted, 26.VII.2012, leg. M.

Schulke” (cAss, cSch, ZFMK).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers

to the remarkable variability of the posterior concavity of

the male sternite VII.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Description. Size subject to distinct sexual dimorphism;

body length 7.5-8.0 mm (@), 6.7—7.5 mm (); length of

forebody 3.7—-3.8 mm (4), 3.3—3.6 mm (). Coloration:

forebody dark reddish-brown to blackish-brown; abdomen

blackish-brown with dark-reddish apex (segments [X—X,

posterior portion of segment VIII); legs and antennae red-

dish.

Head (Fig. 79) weakly oblong, 1.02—1.07 times as long

as broad; punctation rather dense, sparser in median dor-

sal portion; interstices narrower than, or approximately as

broad as diameter of punctures in lateral and posterior por-

tions, somewhat broader than diameter of punctures in me-

dian dorsal portion; microsculpture very shallow, some-

times almost obsolete in median dorsal portion. Eyes mod-

erately small, composed of > 30 ommatidia, approximate-

ly 1/4 the length of postocular region in dorsal view, and

approximately 0.3 times as long as postocular region in

lateral view.

Pronotum (Fig. 79) approximately 1.35 times as long

as broad; punctation similar to that of head, but somewhat

sparser; midline broadly impunctate; interstices without

microsculpture.

Elytra (Fig. 79) short, approximately 0.55 times as long

as pronotum; punctation moderately dense and somewhat

variable, shallow, weakly defined to defined; interstices

without microsculpture. Hind wings completely reduced.

Abdomen with fine and dense punctation; interstices

with fine and distinct microreticulation, almost matt; pos-

terior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; pos-

terior margin of tergite VII weakly convex, without sex-

ual dimorphism.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternites II-VI

unmodified; sternite VII with shallow but extensive me-

dian impression with black and rather dense black setae,

posterior margin weakly to strongly concave in the mid-

dle (Figs 80-81); sternite VII with pronounced oblong

median impression, this impression with an oblong clus-

ter of dense black setae on either side of middle, posteri-

or excision small and in symmetric position (Figs 82-83);

aedeagus (Figs 84-85) approximately 1.3 mm long, sym-

metric; ventral process long, slender, curved in lateral

view, and apically acute; dorsal plate large, with long,

lamellate, basally curved, and distinctly sclerotized api-

cal portion, and with short, weakly sclerotized basal por-

tion; internal sac with dark membranous structures.

©: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, but less so than

in male; sternite VIII (Fig. 86) oblong, posterior margin

strongly produced in the middle; tergite [X anteriorly un-

divided; tergite X strongly convex in cross-section, only

indistinctly longer than tergite [X in the middle.

Intraspecific variation. This species is subject to a re-

markable sexual dimorphism of body size. Moreover, the

punctation of the forebody and even the shape of the ven-

tral process are rather variable. Finally, the shape of the

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China

posterior concavity of the male sternite VII (in the mid-

dle of the posterior margin) may range from weakly to

strongly concave (Figs 80-81). However, the possibility

that the weakly pronounced posterior concavity of the ster-

nite VII of one of the male paratypes (Fig. 81) represents

a teratological malformation cannot be ruled out with cer-

tainty.

Comparative notes. Lathrobium varisternale is charac-

terized particularly by the male primary and sexual char-

acters. It differs from the following species by the shape

and chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII and VIII, as well

as by the morphology of the aedeagus and the shape of

the female sternite VIII.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Qinling Shan, to the southwest of Meixian

(Fig. 70). The specimens were sifted from leaf litter and

grass roots in a secondary deciduous forest near a stream

at an altitude of 1870 m.

Lathrobium biforme sp. n. (Figs 70, 87-93)

Type material. Holotype @: “CHINA [6] - S-Gansu, N

Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan, 34°10°20”N, 105°42’10”E,

1830 m, 29.VII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus ¢ Lathrobi-

um biforme sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes:

24, 32: same data as holotype (cAss); 1¢ [teneral], 19:

“CHINA [4] - S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan,

34°08°16”"N, 105°46°42”E, 1760 m, 28.VII.2012, V.

Assing” (cAss); 19: “CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-04], W-

Qinling Shan, 47 km N Chengxian, 34°08°16”N,

105°46°42”E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous for-

est margin, sifted, 28.VII.2012, M. Schiilke” (cAss); 19:

same data, but “[CH12-04c] ... S-slope ... litter between

rocks sifted” (cSch); 12: “CHINA [5] - S-Gansu, N

Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan, 34°10°17”N, 105°42’56”E,

1850 m, 29.VII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss); 14: “CHINA:

S-Gansu [CH12-05], W-Qinling Shan, 47 km N Cheng-

xian, 34°10°17”N, 105°42°56”E, 1850 m, mixed second-

ary forest margin, litter sifted, 29. VII.2012, M. Schiilke”

(cSch); 192: “CHINA (S. Gansu) W.Qinling Shan, 47 km

N Chengxian 1850 m 34°10°17”N, 105°42’56”E (mixed

secondary forest margin, litter sifted) 29.VII.2012 D.W.

Wrase [05]” (cSch).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers

to the remarkable sexual size dimorphism.

Description. Size subject to pronounced sexual dimor-

phism; body length 8.0-9.0 mm (¢), 6.5—7.5 mm (9);

length of forebody 3.6—4.0 mm (¢), 3.2-3.5 mm (@). Col-

oration: body blackish; legs dark-reddish with somewhat

darker femora; antennae reddish.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

5S]

Other external characters (Fig. 87) highly similar to

those of L. varisternale.

¢: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternites II-VI

unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 88) strongly transverse, nar-

rowly without pubescence along the middle, with shallow

median impression posteriorly, this impression with

rather weakly modified setae directed obliquely postero-

mediad, posterior margin weakly concave in the middle;

sternite VIII (Fig. 89) moderately transverse, symmetric,

with distinct longitudinal impression in the middle, pos-

terior excision moderately deep, moderately broad, and

concave anteriorly; aedeagus (Figs 90-91) 1.4—-1.5 mm

long; ventral process slender and apically distinctly

hooked in lateral view, weakly asymmetric in ventral view;

dorsal plate long, apical portion lamellate, distinctly scle-

rotized, with median carina, and apically sharply pointed

in dorsal view; internal sac without sclerotized spines, but

with very dark membranous structure.

©: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, but distinctly less so than

in male; sternite VII (Fig. 92) approximately 1.1 mm

long, oblong, posterior margin strongly and almost trian-

gularly produced in the middle; tergite [X anteriorly un-

divided; tergite X strongly convex, almost roof-shaped in

cross-section, slightly shorter than tergite [X in the mid-

dle; abdominal apex ventrally with large dark amorphous

sclerite (Fig. 93).

Comparative notes. Based on the external and sexual

characters, L. biforme belongs to the L. varisternale group.

It is distinguished from L. varisternale by larger body size,

the more pronounced sexual size dimorphism, the darker

coloration, and by the male and female sexual characters.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in three adjacent localities in the western Qinling Shan,

to the north of Chengxian (Fig. 70). The partly teneral

specimens were sifted from moist leaf leaf litter of sec-

ondary mixed and deciduous forests at altitudes of

1760-1850 m, in one locality together with L. sinense.

Lathrobium lunatum sp. n. (Figs 70, 94-99)

Type material. Holotype @: “CHINA [11] - S-Gansu, W-

Qinling Shan, NW Longnan, 34°07°57”N, 103°56715”E,

2260 m, 3.VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus ¢ Lathrobi-

um lunatum sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes:

44, 59 [19 teneral]: same data as holotype (cAss); 39:

“CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-11], W-Qinling Shan, 125 km

NW Longnan, Lazikou pass, S-side, Zhuli valley,

34°07°57°N, 103°56715”E, 2260 m, / N-slope, mixed for-

est with oak and pine near creek, litter and dead wood sift-

ed, 3.VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch, ZFMK); 23:

“CHINA (S.Gansu) W.Qinling Shan, 125 km NW Long-

nan, Lazikou pass, S.side, Zhuli valley, 34°07°57”N,

103°56°15”E, 2260 m (N.slope, mixed forest, oak, pine

©ZFMK

near creek, moss, litter sifted) 3. VIII.2012 D.W. Wrase

[11]” (cSch); 12, 19: “CHINA [9] - S-Gansu, W-Qinling

Shan, NW Longnan, 34°03’14”N, 104°10°00”E, 2200 m,

1. VII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss); 22: “CHINA: S-Gansu

[CH12-09], W-Qinling Shan, 101 km NW Longnan,

34°03°14"N, 104°10°00”E, 2200 m, SW-slope with

shrubs, litter sifted, 1.VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch);

2 [1 teneral]: “CHINA [12] - S-Gansu, W-Qinling Shan,

NW Longnan, 34°08714”N, 103°51°57”E, 2300 m,

3. VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss); 14: “CHINA: S-Gansu

[CH12-12], W-Qinling Shan, 128 km NW Longnan,

Lazikou pass, S-side, Laolong valley, 34°08°14”N,

103°51°57”E, 2300 m, S-slope with pine and spruce for-

est, litter sifted, 3.VIII.2012, M. Schiilke” (cSch); 13:

“CHINA (S.Gansu) W-Qinling Shan, 128 km NW Long-

nan, Lazikou pass, S.side, Laolong valley, 34°08°14”N,

103°51°57”E, 2300 m, (S.slope with pine and spruce for-

est, litter, moss sifted) 3.VIII.2012, D.W. Wrase [12]”

(cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: cres-

cent-shaped) refers to the shape of the ventral process of

the aedeagus.

Description. Size subject to weak sexual dimorphism,

males on average slightly larger; body length 8.5—9.5 mm

(4), 7.3-8.5 mm (); length of forebody 3.84.1 mm (3),

3.4-4.0 mm (9). Coloration: body blackish; legs dark-

brown with paler tarsi, often also with paler tibiae; anten-

nae reddish. Posterior margin of tergite VIII rather indis-

tinctly, obtusely angled in the middle in both sexes. Oth-

er external characters (Fig. 94), except for the slightly fin-

er punctation of the head, highly similar to those of L. bi-

forme.

¢: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternites II-VI

unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 95) strongly transverse, with

distinct median impression posteriorly, this impression

with numerous moderately modified setae directed

obliquely postero-mediad, posterior margin broadly con-

cave, in the middle distinctly concave; sternite VIII (Fig.

96) weakly transverse, symmetric, with rather shallow,

posteriorly widened median impression, this impression

narrowly without setae in the middle, on either side of

middle with extensive cluster of dense black setae, pos-

terior excision very shallow; aedeagus (Fig. 97) approx-

imately 1.3 mm long; ventral process laterally compressed,

subapically curved (lateral view), and apically acute; dor-

sal plate lamellate, apically pointed (dorsal view), and with

pronounced median carina, basal portion distinct and mod-

erately long; internal sac with dark membranous structure.

©: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, somewhat less

so than in male; sternite VIII (Fig. 98) approximately 1.2

mm long, oblong, posteriorly strongly produced and al-

most acutely pointed; tergite [X undivided; tergite X con-

vex in cross-section, distinctly longer than tergite LX in

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Volker Assing

the middle (Fig. 99); abdominal apex ventrally with weak-

ly sclerotized amorphous sclerite.

Comparative notes. Like the preceding species, L. /una-

tum belongs to the L. varisternale group. It is distinguished

from the externally highly similar L. biforme by the shape

and chaetotaxy of the male sternites VI and VIII, as well

as by the completely different morphology of the aedea-

gus (shape of ventral process, pronounced carina of the

dorsal plate) and by the female terminalia (shape of ster-

nite VII, relative length of tergites IX and X, and the

amorphous ventral sclerite).

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in three localities at or near the Lazikou pass, to the north-

west of Longnan, in the western Qinling Shan, southern

Gansu (Fig. 70). The specimens were sifted from leaf lit-

ter beneath shrubs, in a mixed forest, and in a coniferous

forest at altitudes of 2200-2300 m, together with L.

sinense and L. gansuense. Two paratypes are teneral.

Lathrobium falcatum sp. n. (Figs 100-104, 111)

Type material. Holotype @: “CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-

04], W-Qinling Shan, 47 km N Chengxian, 34°08’16”N,

105°46°42”E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous for-

est margin, sifted, 28.VII.2012, M. Schiilke / Holotypus

3 Lathrobium falcatum sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: sick-

le-shaped) refers to the shape of the ventral process of the

aedeagus, which somewhat resembles a sickle.

Description. Body length 8.5 mm; length of forebody 4.0

mm. Coloration: body blackish; legs and antennae reddish.

Other external characters (Fig. 100) highly similar to

those of L. biforme and L. lunatum.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternites II-VI

unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 101) strongly transverse,

with shallow median impression posteriorly, this impres-

sion with moderately modified setae directed obliquely

postero-mediad, posterior margin broadly concave, more

distinctly concave in the middle; sternite VIII (Fig. 102)

approximately as long as broad, symmetric, with rather

shallow, posteriorly widened median impression, this im-

pression narrowly without setae in the middle, on either

side of middle with extensive cluster of dense black se-

tae, posterior excision very shallow; aedeagus (Figs

103-104) 1.3 mm long; ventral process laterally com-

pressed, subapically curved (lateral view), and apically

acute; dorsal plate lamellate, apically pointed (dorsal

view), and with pronounced median carina, basal portion

distinct and moderately long; internal sac with dark mem-

branous structure.

°: unknown.

©OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 53

Figs 87-99. Lathrobium biforme (87-93) and L. lunatum (94-99). 87, 94. Forebody. 88, 95. Male sternite VII. 89, 96. Male ster-

nite VIII. 90, 97. Aedeagus in lateral view. 91. Apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view. 92, 98. Female sternite VIII. 93. Apex

of female abdomen in ventral view. 99. Female tergites IX—X. Scale bars: 87, 94: 1.0 mm; 88-93, 95—99: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

54 Volker Assing

100

105 108

102

106

107

Figs 100-110. Lathrobium falcatum (100-104) and L. minicum (105-110). 100, 105. Forebody. 101, 106. Male sternite VII. 102,

107. Male sternite VIII. 103, 108. Aedeagus in lateral view. 104. Apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view. 109. Female sternite

VIL. 110. Female tergites IX—X. Scale bars: 100, 105: 1.0 mm; 101—104, 106-110: 0.5 mm.

Comparative notes. As can be inferred from the highly

similar morphology of the aedeagus, as well as from the

similar modifications of the male sternites VII and VII,

L. falcatum is probably the adelphotaxon of L. lunatum,

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

from which it differs only by the slightly different chaeto-

taxy of the male sternite VII and the different morpholo-

gy of the aedeagus (less strongly curved ventral process,

more pronounced median carina, less distinctly pointed

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China

apex, and longer basal portion of the dorsal plate), possi-

bly also by the paler coloration of the legs (constant?). It

is distinguished from the externally highly similar and syn-

topic L. biforme by the shape and chaetotaxy of the male

sternites VII and VIII, as well as by the completely dif-

ferent morphology of the aedeagus (shape of ventral

process, pronounced carina of the dorsal plate).

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the western Qinling Shan, to the north of Cheng-

xian (Fig. 111). The holotype was sifted from leaf litter

in a secondary mixed deciduous forest at an altitude of

1760 m, together with L. biforme.

Lathrobium minicum sp. n. (Figs 105-111)

Type material. Holotype @: “CHINA [16] - S-Gansu, S

Longnan, Min Shan, 33°03’13”N, 104°40°57”E, 2200 m,

6.VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus ¢@ Lathrobium

minicum sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes:

173, 102 [24, 19 teneral]: same data as holotype (cAss);

54,59 [16, 19 teneral]: “CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-16],

Min Shan, 45 km SW Longnan, 33°03713’N,

104°40°57”E, 2200 m, secondary pine forest with hazel-

nut, moist litter and roots sifted, 6. VII.2012, M. Schtilke”

(cSch, ZFMK).

Etymology. The specific epithet adjective) is derived from

the name of the mountain where the type locality is situ-

ated.

Description. Size subject to weak sexual dimorphism,

males on average slightly larger; body length 7.2—-8.5 mm

(4), 6.7-8.2 mm (Y); length of forebody 3.3-3.8 mm (¢),

3.2-3.6 mm (2). Coloration: body blackish; legs reddish,

with the femora, particularly the profemora, often some-

what darker; antennae reddish. Forebody as in Fig. 105.

Posterior margin of tergite VII weakly convex or indis-

tinctly, obtusely angled in the middle in both sexes. Ex-

cept for the smaller average size, externally indistinguish-

able from L. lunatum.

¢: protarsomeres I-IV variably dilated, more strongly

so in larger than in smaller males; sternites II-VI unmod-

ified; sternite VII (Fig. 106) moderately strongly trans-

verse and weakly modified, with small and shallow me-

dian impression posteriorly, this impression with few

weakly modified setae posteriorly, posterior margin

broadly and weakly concave, without distinct concavity

in the middle; sternite VII (Fig. 107) weakly transverse,

symmetric, with rather shallow, longitudinal median im-

pression, this impression narrowly without setae in the

middle, on either side of middle with weakly defined clus-

ter of weakly modified and not particularly dense setae,

posterior excision moderately shallowly concave; aedea-

w Xian

Fig. 111. Distributions of species of the L. Jentum group (filled symbol) and the L. varisternale group (open symbols): L. lentum

(filled circle); L. minicum (open square); L. inflexum (open triangles); L. falcatum (open star); L. brevitergale (open circles); L.

huaense (open diamond).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

©ZFMK

56 Volker Assing

gus (Fig. 108) approximately 1.2 mm long; ventral process

laterally compressed, subapically curved (lateral view),

and apically acute; dorsal plate lamellate, apically point-

ed (dorsal view), and with distinct median carina apical-

ly, basal portion distinct, relatively long, and weakly scle-

rotized; internal sac with moderately dark membranous

structures.

©: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, similar to those

of small males; sternite VIII (Fig. 109) approximately 1.1

mm long, oblong, posteriorly convexly produced; tergite

IX undivided; tergite X strongly convex in cross-section,

somewhat longer than tergite IX in the middle (Fig. 110);

abdominal apex ventrally with weakly sclerotized amor-

phous sclerite.

Comparative notes. Among the species of the L. vari-

sternale group, L. minicum is undoubtedly most closely

related to L. Junatum and L. falcatum, as can be inferred

particularly from the similar morphology of the aedeagus

(shapes of ventral process, of dorsal plate, and of inter-

nal structures). It is distinguished from both of them par-

ticularly by smaller average body size, the shapes and

chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII and VIII, the small-

er and slightly differently shaped aedeagus (ventral

process, dorsal plate), as well as by the shape of the fe-

male sternite VIII.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Min Shan to the southwest of Longnan, south-

ern Gansu (Fig. 111). The specimens were sifted from

moist leaf litter and roots in a secondary pine forest with

hazelnut at an altitude of 2200 m. No other Lathrobium

species was present at the site. Some of the paratypes are

teneral.

Lathrobium huaense sp. n. (Figs 111-118)

Type material. Holotype @: “China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling

Shan, 110.06 E, 34.25 N, Hua Shan Mt., S.-top,

1950-2000 m, forrest [sic], sifted, 19.08.1995, leg. M.

Schiilke / Holotypus 4 Lathrobium huaense sp. n., det.

V. Assing 2012” (cSch). Paratypes: 24, 39: same data as

holotype (cSch, cAss); 24, 39 [14 29 teneral]: same da-

ta, but “leg. A. Putz” (cPut, ‘cAss);) Ic “CHINA

(Shaanxi) Qin Ling Shan 110.06E, 34.25N, Hua Shan, 118

km E Xian, S. top, 1950-2000 m, mix. wood, 19.VI-

11.1995 Wrase” (cSch).

Etymology. The specific epithet (adjective) is derived

from the name of the mountain (Hua Shan) where the

species was discovered.

Description. Size subject to weakly pronounced sexual

dimorphism, males on average slightly larger; body length

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

8.5-9.2 mm (4), 8.2-8.8 mm (@); length of forebody

3.7-3.9 mm (4), 3.3-3.7 mm (¥). Coloration: body dark-

brown to blackish-brown; legs reddish to dark-brown with

paler tarsi; antennae reddish.

Head (Fig. 112) approximately as broad as long; punc-

tation moderately coarse and moderately dense, sparser in

median dorsal portion; interstices with very shallow, bare-

ly noticeable microreticulation. Eyes moderately small,

composed of > 40 ommatidia, approximately 1/4 the

length of postocular region in dorsal view, and approxi-

mately 0.3 times as long as postocular region in lateral

view. Antenna 1.8—2.0 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 112) approximately 1.25—1.30 times as

long as broad, slightly broader than head; punctation sim-

ilar to that of head, but somewhat sparser; midline broad-

ly impunctate; interstices without microsculpture.

Elytra (Fig. 112) short, approximately 0.55 times as long

as pronotum; punctation moderately dense and somewhat

variable, shallow, weakly defined to defined; interstices

without microsculpture. Hind wings completely reduced.

Abdomen with fine and dense punctation; interstices

with fine, very shallow to distinct microreticulation; pos-

terior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; pos-

terior margin of tergite VII weakly convex, without sex-

ual dimorphism.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternites II-VI

unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 113) with shallow median

impression posteriorly, this impression with numerous

moderately modified, short and stout black setae, poster-

ior margin weakly and broadly concave; sternite VIII (Fig.

114) weakly transverse, with shallow median impression

posteriorly, middle of this impression narrowly without se-

tae, on either side of middle with cluster of dense black

setae, posterior excision small, concave, and in symmet-

ric position; aedeagus (Figs 115—117) approximately 1.25

mm long, symmetric; ventral process moderately long,

rather stout, evenly arched, apically acute (lateral view),

and with distinct median carina ventrally; dorsal plate long

and slender, almost needle-shaped in dorsal view, with-

out sclerotized basal portion; internal sac with dark mem-

branous structures, but without sclerotized spines.

©: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, but slightly less

so than in male; sternite VII (Fig. 118) approximately 1.0

mm long, oblong, posterior margin distinctly produced in

the middle, middle of posterior margin truncate; tergite IX

anteriorly undivided; tergite X strongly convex in cross-

section, slightly longer than tergite [X in the middle.

Comparative notes. Lathrobium huaense is reliably dis-

tinguished from other species of the L. varisternale group

distributed in the Qinling Shan only by the shape of the

aedeagus (ventral process, dorsal plate), from most

species also by the shape of the female sternite VIII.

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 57

Figs 112-124. Lathrobium huaense (112-118) and L. sociabile (119-124). 112, 119. Forebody. 113, 120. Male sternite VII. 114,

121. Male sternite VIII. 115-116, 122. Aedeagus in lateral view. 117, 123. Apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view. 118, 124.

Female sternite VIII. Scale bars: 112, 119: 1.0 mm; 113-118, 120-124: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 OZFMK

58 Volker Assing

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Hua Shan, eastern Qinling Shan (Fig. 111).

The specimens were sifted from leaf litter in a mixed for-

est at an altitude of 1950-2000 m. Three paratypes are ten-

eral.

Lathrobium sociabile sp. n. (Figs 42, 119-124)

Type material. Holotype @: “China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling

Shan, 108.47 E, 33.51 N, Mountain W pass at Autoroute

km 70, 47 km S Xian, 2500-2600 m,_ sifted,

26.-27.08.1995, leg. M. Schiilke / Holotypus ¢ Lathro-

bium sociabile sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cSch).

Paratypes: 14, 29: same data as holotype (cSch, cAss,

ZFMK); 1: “China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling Shan, 108.47 E,

33.51 N, Mountain W pass at Autoroute km 70, 47 km S

Xian, 2300-2500 m, sifted, 26.—30.08.1995, leg. M.

Schiilke” (cAss); 34, 49: same data, but “leg. A. Piitz”

(cPiit, cAss); 1¢ [teneral], 1 9: “China (Shaanxi) Qin Ling

Shan/108.47E 33.51N/Mt. W pass autoroute km 70, 47 km

S Xian 2500-2600 m, 26-29. VIII.1995 Wrase” (cSch).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: socia-

ble) alludes to the fact that this species shares its habitat

with the following species.

Description. Size subject to moderately pronounced sex-

ual dimorphism, males on average slightly larger; body

length 7.8-8.2 mm (<4), 6.7-8.0 mm (); length of fore-

body 3.6—3.8 mm (4), 3.2-3.5 mm (). Coloration: body

reddish to reddish-brown, with the abdomen sometimes

darker brown; legs and antennae reddish.

Other external characters (Fig. 119) highly similar to

those of L. huaense and allied species; reliably distin-

guished only by the sexual characters:

&: sternite VII (Fig. 120) with shallow median depres-

sion posteriorly, this impression with weakly modified se-

tae, middle of sternite narrowly without setae, posterior

margin broadly concave; sternite VIII (Fig. 121) weakly

transverse, with shallow median impression, middle of this

impression narrowly without setae, on either side of mid-

dle with cluster of dense black setae posteriorly, posteri-

or excision indistinct, weakly concave, and in symmetric

position; aedeagus (Figs 122—123) approximately 1.4 mm

long, symmetric; ventral process moderately long, rather

stout, evenly arched, apically acute and indistinctly hooked

(lateral view), and with distinct median carina ventrally;

dorsal plate long and rather broadly lamellate, with long

and fine median carina, and apically triangularly pointed;

internal sac with dark membranous structures, but with-

out sclerotized spines.

©: sternite VIII (Fig. 124) approximately 1.15 mm long,

oblong, posterior margin convexly produced in the mid-

dle; tergite [IX undivided anteriorly; tergite X moderate-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

ly convex in cross-section (domed), slightly longer than

tergite IX in the middle.

Comparative notes. Lathrobium sociabile is distin-

guished from other closely related species occurring in the

Qinling Shan by the sexual characters, from most species,

including the syntopic L. brevitergale, also by the reddish

coloration of the body.

Distribution and natural history. The species was col-

lected in two localities in the Qinling Shan, to the south-

southwest of X1’an (Fig. 42). They were sifted from for-

est leaf litter at altitudes of 2300-2600 m, together with

several specimens of L. brevitergale. One of the male

paratypes is teneral.

Lathrobium brevitergale sp. n. (Figs 111, 125-135)

Type material. Holotype @: “China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling

Shan, 108.47 E, 33.51 N, Mountain W pass at Autoroute

km 70, 47 km S Xian, 2300-2500 m, sifted,

26.-30.08.1995, leg. M. Schiilke / Holotypus ¢ Lathro-

bium brevitergale sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cSch).

Paratypes: 24, 29: same data as holotype (cSch, cAss);

24, 19: same data as holotype, but “leg. A. Piitz” (cPiit,

cAss); 29: “China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling Shan, 108.47 E,

33.51 N, Mountain W pass at Autoroute km 70, 47 km S

Xian, 2500-2600 m, sifted, 26.—27.08.1995, leg. M.

Schiilke” (cSch, ZFMK); 14, 19: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi

(Qinling Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi - Foping, 105 km SW

Xian, N-slope, 1880 m, 33°44’N, 107°58’E, leg. M.

Schilke [C01-03] / 4. VII.2001, shady rockwall base, moist

(sifted) [C01-03]” (cSch, cAss); 14, 22: “CHINA

Shaanxi Qinling Shan pass rd. Zhouzhi Foping 105 km

SW Xi’an / N-slope 1880 m 33°44’N 107°58’E

4.VII.2001 A. Smetana [C92]” (cSme, cAss); 14: “Chi-

na (Shaanxi) Qin Ling Shan/107.56E 33.45N, autoroute

km 93 S Zhouzhi, 108 km SW Xian, mount.forest, 1650

m, |.—2.[X.95 Wrase” (cAss); 23, 19: same data, but “leg.

A. Piitz” (cPiit, cAss); 19: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qinling

Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW Xi’an, N-

slope, 1990 m, 33°44’N, 107°59’E, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-

01] / 2./4.VII.2001, small creek valley, mixed deciduous

forest, bamboo, small meadows, dead wood, mushrooms

(sifted) [CO1-01]” (cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) refers

to the short female tergite X, one of the characters that dis-

tinguish this species from other species of the L. varister-

nale group.

Description. Size subject to moderately pronounced sex-

ual dimorphism, males on average slightly larger; body

length 8.5—9.2 mm (¢), 7.5-8.5 mm (); length of fore-

body 3.6—4.1 mm (¢), 3.4-3.7 mm (@). Coloration: body

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 59

dark-brown to blackish-brown, with the elytra sometimes

reddish-brown; legs and antennae reddish.

In external characters (Fig. 125) highly similar to those

of L. huaense and allied species, reliably distinguished

from them only by the sexual characters:

: sternites [V—VI with small and indistinct median im-

pressions or depressions; sternite VII (Figs 126-127) with

shallow median depression posteriorly, this depression

with weakly modified setae, middle of sternite narrowly

without setae, posterior margin broadly and weakly con-

cave; sternite VIII (Fig. 128) weakly transverse, middle

without setae in posterior half, with longitudinal median

impression, this impression with cluster of dense black se-

tae on either side of middle in posterior half, posterior ex-

cision very small, weakly concave, and in symmetric po-

sition; aedeagus (Figs 129-132) 1.4—1.5 mm long, sym-

metric; ventral process long, slender, evenly arched, and

apically very acute; dorsal plate long and rather broadly

lamellate, with long median carina, apically pointed in the

middle, and with the relatively long basal portion form-

ing a distinct angle with the apical portion in lateral view;

internal sac with dark membranous structures, but with-

out sclerotized spines.

©: sternite VIII (Figs 133-135) approximately 1.2 mm

long, oblong, posterior margin strongly and convexly pro-

duced in the middle; tergite [X undivided anteriorly; ter-

gite X moderately convex in cross-section (domed), short-

er than tergite [X in the middle.

Intraspecific variation. The shape of the aedeagus (Figs

(129-131), the shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite

VU (Figs 126-127), and the shape of the female sternite

VIII (Figs 133-135) are subject to some intraspecific vari-

ability.

Comparative notes. Lathrobium brevitergale is distin-

guished from other closely related species occurring in the

Qinling Shan by the sexual characters, particularly the

long and slender ventral process of the relatively large

aedeagus, the shape of the dorsal plate of the aedeagus

(apically pointed, basal portion relatively long and form-

ing a distinct angle with the apical portion in lateral view),

and the short female tergite X. From the syntopic L. so-

ciabile, L. tectiforme, and L. concameratum, it is addition-

ally separated as follows:

from L. sociabile by slightly larger size, darker col-

oration, less extensive clusters of dark setae on the male

sternite VIII, and by the chaetotaxy of the male sternite

VII (setae sparser in posterior median portion);

from L. tectiforme by the different chaetotaxy of the

male sternite VIII (whole midline with setae; dark setae

on either side of midline denser), the chaetotaxy of the

male sternite VII (posterior median impression with dense

setae, middle of sternite narrowly without setae), the shape

of the female sternite VII, and by the shape of the female

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

tergite X (in L. tectiforme forming a distinct angle in cross-

section);

from L. concameratum by larger body size, darker ay-

erage coloration, and the less indistinct posterior excision

of the male sternite VIII, the posteriorly less conspicuous-

ly produced female sternite VIII.

Distribution and natural history. The species was col-

lected in four localities in the Qinling Shan, to the south

and southwest of Xi’an (Figs 111). The specimens were

sifted from forest leaf litter at altitudes of 1650-2600 m,

partly together with L. sociabile, L. tectiforme, and/or L.

concameratum.

Lathrobium brevilobatum sp. n. (Figs 70, 136-141)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “China: S Shaanxi, Qinling

Shan mt. range W pass on rd Xi’an Shagoujie / 45 km

SSW Xi’an 33°52’N 108°46’E 2600 m 25.VII.2001 A.

Smetana [C118] / Holotypus ¢ Lathrobium brevilobatum

sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes: 13, 39:

same data as holotype (cSme, cAss); 192: “CHINA: S-

Shaanxi (Qinling Shan), mountain range W pass on rd.

Xian - Shagoujie, 45 km SSW Xi’an, 33°52’N, 108°46’E,

2675 m, leg. M. Schilke [C01-20A] / 26.VII.2001, N-

slope, Abies, Betula, Larix, Rhododendron, subalpine

meadows (sifted) [C01-20A]” (cAss). 12: same data, but

25.VII.2001, leg. Wrase (cSch).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: with

short lobe) alludes to the relative length of the ventral

process of the aedeagus, one of the characters distinguish-

ing this species from the similar L. brevitergale.

Description. Size subject to moderately pronounced sex-

ual dimorphism, males on average slightly larger; body

length 7.5—7.7 mm (3), 6.2-7.0 mm (); length of fore-

body 3.7-3.8 mm (¢), 3.2-3.5 mm (). Coloration: body

dark-brown to blackish-brown, with the elytra often dark-

reddish; legs and antennae reddish.

Other external characters (Fig. 136) highly similar to

those of L. huaense and allied species; reliably distin-

guished only by the sexual characters: Posterior margin

of tergite VIII weakly convex in both sexes.

&: sternites II-VI unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 137)

with rather extensive and shallow median impression pos-

teriorly, middle of this impression without setae, on either

side of middle with cluster of moderately modified black

setae, posterior margin weakly concave; sternite VIII (Fig.

138) weakly transverse, with longitudinal impression ex-

tending along whole sternite, middle of sternite narrow-

ly without setae, on either side of middle with relatively

small cluster of moderately modified black setae, poster-

ior excision concave, small but distinct; aedeagus (Figs

©ZFMK

60 Volker Assing

132

125 129 130 131

Figs 125-135. Lathrobium brevitergale. 125. Forebody. 126-127. Male sternite VII. 128. Male sternite VIII. 129-131. Aedeagus

in lateral view. 132. Apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view. 133-135. Female sternite VIII. Scale bars: 125: 1.0 mm; 126-135:

0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 61

139-140) approximately 1.25 mm long; ventral process

weakly asymmetric in ventral view, moderately long, gent-

ly curved, and apically acute in lateral view; dorsal plate

long and rather broadly lamellate, with long median ca-

rina, and apically sharply pointed in dorsal view, basal por-

tion weakly sclerotized, forming a very obtuse angle with

apical portion; internal sac with dark membranous struc-

tures, but without sclerotized spines.

©: sternite VIII (Fig. 141) approximately 1.1 mm long,

oblong, posterior margin distinctly and convexly produced

in the middle; tergite [IX undivided anteriorly; tergite X

weakly convex in cross-section, slightly shorter than ter-

gite [X in the middle.

Comparative notes. Among the species of the L. vari-

sternale group, L. brevilobatum is most similar to L. bre-

vitergale, but distinguished by the shape and chaetotaxy

of the male sternite VII (more transverse, posterior mar-

gin more weakly concave, middle less narrowly without

setae, setae of posterior clusters more distinctly modified),

the shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII (medi-

an impression more pronounced, posterior excision more

distinct, middle less narrowly without setae, setae of pos-

terior clusters more distinctly modified), the larger aedea-

gus with a relatively shorter, less strongly curved, and api-

cally less slender ventral process, the shape of the female

sternite VIII (slightly shorter, posteriorly less strongly and

more broadly produced), and by the relatively longer fe-

male tergite X (in relation to tergite IX).

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Qinling Shan, to the south-southwest of X1’an

(Fig. 70), at an altitude of 2600-2675 m. The specimens

were sifted from leaf litter in a subalpine mixed forest

composed of fir, larch, birch, and rhododendron.

Lathrobium concameratum sp. n. (Figs 42, 142—147)

Type material. Holotype 4: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qin-

ling Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW

Xi’an, N-slope, 1990 m, 33°44’N, 107°59’E, leg. M.

Schiilke [CO1-01] / 2./4.VII.2001, small creek valley,

mixed deciduous forest, bamboo, small meadows, dead

wood, mushrooms (sifted) [C01-01] / Holotypus 4 Lath-

robium concameratum sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cSch).

Paratypes: 14, 39: same data as holotype (cSch, cAss,

ZFMK); 1¢: “CHINA (S-Shaanxi) Qinling Shan, pass on

rd. Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW Xi’an, N-slope, 1990 m,

33°44’N, 107°59’E (small creek vall./mix. decid. for./bam-

boo/small meadows, 2./4.VII.2001 Wrase [01]” (cSch);

19: “China (Shaanxi) Qin Ling Shan/107.56E 33.45N, au-

toroute km 93 S Zhouzhi, 108 km SW Xian, mount.for-

est, 1650 m, 1.—2.IX.95 Wrase” (cSch); 14, 19: “CHI-

NA Shaanxi Qinling Shan pass rd. Zhouzhi Foping 105

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

km SW Xi’an / N-slope 1990 m 33°44’N 107°59’E

2.VII.2001 A. Smetana [C89]” (cSme, cAss); 1 9: “CHI-

NA [1] - S-Shaanxi, SW Zhouzhi, Qinling Shan,

33°44’02”"N, 107°58’06”E, 1900 m, 25.VII.2012, V.

Assing” (cAss); 29: “CHINA (S.Shaanxi) Qinling Shan,

52 km SSW Zhouzhi, 1900 m, 33°44’02”N, 107°58’06”E

(NE.slope, creek valley, mixed forest, litter and soil sift-

ed, under gravel) 25. VII.2012, D.W. Wrase [01]” (cSch).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: arched)

refers to the convex (cross-section) female tergite X, one

of the characters separating this species from the syntopic

L. tectiforme.

Description. Size subject to moderately pronounced sex-

ual dimorphism, males slightly larger; body length

7.0-7.6 mm (4), 6.0-6.7 mm (@); length of forebody

3.2-3.4 mm (¢), 2.9-3.2 mm (Q). Coloration: body dark-

reddish to blackish-brown; legs and antennae reddish.

In external characters (Fig. 142) highly similar to those

of L. huaense and allied species; reliably distinguished

from the closely related species only by the sexual char-

acters.

Tergite VIII with weakly pronounced sexual dimor-

phism.

G: tergite VIII with weakly convex posterior margin;

sternites HI—-VI unmodified; sternite VI (Fig. 143) with

shallow median impression, this impression with weakly

modified setae, middle of sternite narrowly without setae,

posterior margin broadly and weakly concave; sternite

VUI (Fig. 144) weakly transverse, with long median im-

pression, middle of this impression narrowly without se-

tae, on either side of middle with cluster of dense black

setae posteriorly, posterior excision indistinct, sometimes

practically obsolete; aedeagus (Figs 145-146) approxi-

mately 1.3 mm long, symmetric; ventral process moder-

ately long, moderately slender, evenly arched in lateral

view, and apically acute; dorsal plate moderately long and

broadly lamellate, with median carina apically, with apex

of triangular shape in dorsal view, and with moderately

long, weakly sclerotized basal portion; internal sac with

dark membranous structures, but without sclerotized

spines.

©: posterior margin of tergite VIII truncate to indistinct-

ly concave; sternite VII (Fig. 147) approximately 1.0 mm

long, oblong, posterior margin convexly produced in the

middle; tergite LX undivided anteriorly; tergite X convex

in cross-section (domed), approximately as long as tergite

IX in the middle, or slightly shorter.

Comparative notes. Lathrobium concameratum 1s distin-

guished from other closely related species occurring in the

Qinling Shan by its relatively small size and especially by

the sexual characters, particularly the practically obsolete

posterior excision of the male sternite VIII, the shapes of

©ZFMK

62 Volker Assing

145 146

Figs 136-147. Lathrobium brevilobatum (136-141) and L. concameratum (142-147). 136, 142. Forebody. 137, 143. Male ster-

nite VII. 138, 144. Male sternite VIII. 139, 145. Aedeagus in lateral view. 140, 146. Apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view.

141, 147. Female sternite VIII. Scale bars: 136, 142: 1.0 mm; 137-141, 143-147: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 63

the ventral process and the dorsal plate of the aedeagus,

and the shape of the female sternite VIII. From the syn-

topic L. brevitergale and L. tectiforme, it is additionally

separated as follows:

from L. brevitergale by the stouter setae in the shallow-

er and more extensive posterior impression of the male

sternite VII, the smaller aedeagus and by the greater rel-

ative length of the female tergite X;

from L. tectiforme by the on average paler coloration,

the presence of dense dark setae in the posterior impres-

sion of the male sternite VII, the absence of setae along

the middle of the male sternite VII, the more weakly con-

cave posterior margin of the male sternite VII, the absence

of setae along the whole middle of the male sternite

VIII, the differently shaped female sternite VIII, and by

the convex female tergite X (cross-section).

Distribution and natural history. Lathrobium concam-

eratum 1s known from two localities in the Qinling Shan,

to the southwest of X1’an (Fig. 42). The specimens were

sifted from leaf litter in deciduous forests at altitudes of

1650 and 1990 m, together with L. brevitergale and L. tec-

tiforme.

Lathrobium tectiforme sp. n. (Figs 148-156, 169)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling

Shan, 107.56 E, 33.45 N, Autoroute km 93 S of Zhouzhi,

108 km SW Xian, Mountain Forrest [sic], sifted, 1650 m,

12.09.1995, leg. M. Schiilke / Holotypus 4 Lathrobi-

um tectiforme sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cSch).

Paratypes: 34, 29: same data as holotype (cSch, cAss);

53,49 [1d, 19 teneral]: same data as holotype, but “leg.

A. Piitz” (cPiit, cAss) 14, 29: “China (Shaanxi) Qin Ling

Shan/107.56E 33.45N, autoroute km 93 S Zhouzhi, 108

km SW Xian, mount.forest, 1650 m, |.—2.[X.95 Wrase”

(cSch, cAss); 19: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qinling Shan),

river bank above Houzhenzi, 115 km WSW Xi’an, 1450

m, 33°50’N, 107°47’E, leg. M. Schilke [C01-06] /

5.VII.2001, gravel bank (floating), mixed deciduous for-

est, moss, mushrooms (sifted) [C01-06] (cSch); 19: “Chi-

na Shaanxi Qinling Shan above Houzhenzi 115 km WSW

Xian / 1450 m, 33°50’N 107°47’E 5.VII.2001 A.

Smetana [C95b]” (cSme); 29: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi

(Qinling Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW

Xi’an, N-slope, 1700 m, 33°46’N, 107°58’E, leg. M.

Schiilke [C01-02] / 3.VII.2001, small creek valley, mixed

deciduous forest, moss (sifted) [C01-02]” (cSch); 44, 49:

“CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qinling Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi-

Foping, 105 km SW Xian, N-slope, 1990 m, 33°44’N,

107°59°E, leg. M. Schiilke [C01-01] / 2./4. VII.2001, small

creek valley, mixed deciduous forest, bamboo, small

meadows, dead wood, mushrooms (sifted) [CO1-01]”

(cSch, cAss, ZFMK); 24: “CHINA (S-Shaanxi) Qinling

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Shan, pass on rd. Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW Xi’an, N-

slope, 1990 m, 33°44’N, 107°59’E (small creek vall./mix.

decid. for./bamboo/small meadows, 2./4.VH.2001 Wrase

[01]” (cSch); 14: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Qinling Shan),

pass on rd. Zhouzhi - Foping, 105 km SW Xi’an, N-slope,

1880 m, 33°44’N, 107°58’E, leg. M. Schiilke [C01-03] /

4.VII.2001, shady rockwall base, moss (sifted) [C01-03]”

(cAss); 14: “China: Shaanxi 1999, Foping Nat. Res., Pan-

da area, 1600 m, 33°45’N, 107°48’E, 6.-11.4, Sinaiev &

Plutenko” (cAss); 29: “CHINA Shaanxi Qinling Shan

pass rd. Zhouzhi Foping 105 km SW Xi’an/ N-slope 1880

m 33°44°N 107°58’E 4.VII.2001 A. Smetana [C92]”

(cSme, cAss); 24, 29: “CHINA Shaanxi Qinling Shan

pass rd. Zhouzhi Foping 105 km SW Xi’an/ N-slope 1990

m 33°44’°N 107°59’E 2.VII.2001 A. Smetana [C89]”

(cSme, cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: shaped

like a roof) alludes to the shape of the female tergite X.

Description. Size subject to moderately pronounced sex-

ual dimorphism, males on average slightly larger; body

length 7.1-8.2 mm (<), 6.5—7.8 mm (); length of fore-

body 3.2-3.6 mm (@), 3.0-3.4 mm (). Coloration: body

reddish-brown to blackish-brown, with the elytra often

dark-reddish to reddish-brown; legs and antennae reddish.

Other external characters (Fig. 148) highly similar to

those of L. huaense and allied species; reliably distin-

guished only by the sexual characters:

3: posterior margin of tergite VIII weakly convex; ster-

nites HI-VI unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 149) with rather

small median depression posteriorly, this impression al-

most without setae, middle of sternite with setae, poster-

ior margin noticeably concave, particularly in the middle;

sternite VIII (Fig. 150) weakly transverse, with longitu-

dinal median impression only in posterior half, middle of

this impression narrowly without setae only in posterior

half, on either side of middle with rather ill-delimited and

not particularly dense cluster of black setae posteriorly,

posterior excision small but distinct, concave, and in sym-

metric position; aedeagus (Figs 151—154) approximately

1.2 mm long, symmetric; ventral process moderately long,

subapically abruptly curved and apically very acute in lat-

eral view, and with distinct median carina ventrally; dor-

sal plate long and rather broadly lamellate, with long me-

dian carina, and apically convex, basal portion short and

not forming an angle with apical portion; internal sac with

dark membranous structures, but without sclerotized

spines.

©: posterior margin of tergite VIII weakly concave; ster-

nite VII (Fig. 155) approximately 1.0 mm long, oblong,

posterior margin triangularly produced in the middle; ter-

gite [X undivided anteriorly; tergite X roof-shaped, angled

in cross-section, slightly shorter than tergite [X in the mid-

dle (Fig. 156).

©OZFMK

64 Volker Assing

154

152 153

156

Figs 148-159. Lathrobium tectiforme (148-156) and L. inflexum (157-159). 148, 157. Forebody. 149, 158. Male sternite VII.

150. Male sternite VIII. 151-153, 159. Aedeagus in lateral view. 154. Apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view. 155. Female ster-

nite VIL. 156. Female tergites IX—X. Scale bars: 148, 157: 1.0 mm; 149-156, 158-159: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 65

Comparative notes. Lathrobium tectiforme 1s distin-

guished from other closely related species from the Qin-

ling Shan by the sexual characters, particularly the sexu-

ally dimorphic tergite VII (posterior margin weakly con-

cave in female), the shape and chaetotaxy of the male ster-

nite VII (with setae along the middle, posterior impres-

sion small, well-delimited, and practically without setae),

the chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII (midline without

setae only in posterior half, clusters of black setae ill-de-

limited and not very dense), the shape of the ventral

process (subapically sharply curved, apically very acute)

and the dorsal plate of the aedeagus, the shape of the fe-

male sternite VIII, as well as by the roof-shaped and short

(in relation to tergite IX) tergite X. For additional char-

acters separating L. tectiforme from the syntopic L. con-

cameratum and L. brevitergale see the comparative notes

in the respective species sections.

Distribution and natural history. Lathrobium tectiforme

was collected in several localities in the Qinling Shan to

the south-southwest of Xi’an (Fig. 169). The specimens

were sifted from the leaf litter of mixed deciduous forests

at altitudes of 1450-1990 m, together with L. brevitergale

and L. concameratum.

Lathrobium inflexum sp. n. (Figs 111, 157—162)

Type material. Holotype 4: “CHINA [7] - S-Gansu,

mountains SE Longnan, sifted, 33°13’20’N,

105°15’10”E, 2170 m, 31.VI.2012, V. Assing / Holoty-

pus 6 Lathrobium inflexum sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012”

(cAss). Paratypes: 10<', 162: same data as holotype (cAss,

MNHUB); 11, 89: “CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-07], Mts.

36 km SE Longnan, 33°13’20”N, 105°15’10”E, 2170 m,

N-slope with shrubs and scattered coniferous trees, litter

& mushrooms sifted, 31.VII.2012, leg. M. Schilke”

(cSch); 63, 29: “CHINA [8] - S-Gansu, mountains SE

Longnan, sifted, 33°11°20”N, 105°14’24”E, 2030 m,

31.VII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss, MNHUB); 64, 29 [1d

teneral]: “CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-08], Mts. 38 km SE

Longnan, 33°11’20”N, 105°14’24”E, 2030 m, N-slope

with scree, moss, fern roots and litter sifted, 31.VII.2012,

leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 114, 219: “CHINA [13] - S-

Gansu, mountains SE Longnan, sifted, 33°13’03”N,

105°14’55”E, 2080 m, 4.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss,

MNHUB); 34, 62: “CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-13], Mts.

36 km SE Longnan, 33°13’03”N, 105°14’55”E, 2080 m,

N-slope with mixed pine and birch forest, litter and mush-

rooms sifted, 4. VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 19:

same data, but “[CH12-13b] ... litter sifted” (cSch); 3,

49: “CHINA [18] - S-Gansu, mountains SE Longnan, sift-

ed, 33°11717”N, 105°14’°12”E, 2060 m, 7.VIII.2012, V.

Assing” (cAss, MNHUB); 3 [1 teneral]: “CHINA [18a]-

S-Gansu, mts. SE Longnan, nest of Formica, 33°11717”N,

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

105°14°12”E, 2060 m, 7.VUI.2012, V. Assing” (cAss,

MNHUB); 36, 2° [19 teneral]: “CHINA [18b]- S-Gan-

su, mountains SE Longnan, sifted, 33°11716”N,

105°14’08”E, 2130 m, 7.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss);

44, 19: “CHINA (S.Gansu) Mts. 38 km SE Longnan,

2060 m, 33°11717”N, 105°14°12”E, (W-slope with

scree, scrubs, tall herbaceous vegetation, roots, soil, moss

sifted) 7. VIII.2012 D.W. Wrase [18] “ (cSch, ZFMK).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, participle of in-

flectere: to inflect) alludes to the apically inflected ven-

tral process of the aedeagus.

Description. Size without sexual dimorphism; body length

5.8—7.5 mm; length of forebody 3.0—3.5 mm. Coloration:

forebody reddish-brown to dark-brown; abdomen dark-

brown to blackish-brown; legs and antennae reddish.

Head (Fig. 157) oblong, approximately 1.05—1.10

times as long as broad; punctation moderately coarse and

moderately dense, somewhat sparser in median dorsal por-

tion; interstices on average slightly broader than punctures,

with fine, but distinct microreticulation and subdued shine.

Eyes moderately small, composed of approximately 40

ommatidia, approximately 1/4 the length of postocular re-

gion in dorsal view, and approximately 0.35 times as long

as postocular region in lateral view. Antenna 1.6—1.9 mm

long.

Pronotum (Fig. 157) slender, approximately 1.3 times

as long as broad and 1.05—1.10 times as broad as head;

lateral margins parallel; punctation similar to that of head;

midline broadly impunctate; interstices without mi-

crosculpture and glossy.

Elytra (Fig. 157) short, 0.5—0.6 times as long as prono-

tum; punctation moderately dense and rather shallow, de-

fined to ill-defined; interstices without microsculpture.

Hind wings completely reduced.

Abdomen with fine and rather dense punctation, punc-

tures on tergite VII slightly sparser than on tergites II-VI;

interstices with very fine and shallow microsculpture; pos-

terior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; ter-

gite VII without apparent sexual dimorphism, posterior

margin weakly convex in both sexes.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternites II-VI

unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 158) strongly transverse,

with distinct but shallow median impression posteriorly,

this impression with not particularly dense and weakly

modified setae, posterior margin moderately concave in

the middle; sternite VIII (Fig. 160) weakly transverse, with

shallow oblong median impression with weakly modified

setae; posterior excision shallow; aedeagus (Fig. 159) ap-

proximately 1.3 mm long and slender; ventral process long

and slender, apically hook-shaped in lateral view; dorsal

plate lamellate and moderately sclerotized, without sep-

arate basal portion, without distinct median carina, and

apically pointed in dorsal view; internal sac with long and

©ZFMK

66 Volker Assing

166

160 161

165

168

162

Figs 160-168. Lathrobium inflexum (160-162) and L. /entum (163-168). 160, 165. Male sternite VIII. 161, 168. Female sternite

VIII. 162. Female tergites IX—X. 163. Forebody; 164. Male sternite VII. 166. Aedeagus in lateral view. 167. Apical portion of aedea-

gus in ventral view. Scale bars: 163: 1.0 mm; 160-162, 164-168: 0.5 mm.

moderately dark membranous structures, without sclero-

tized spines.

©: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, but distinctly less so than

in male; sternite VIII (Fig. 161) approximately 1.0 mm

long, distinctly oblong, and convexly produced posteri-

orly; tergite [X anteriorly undivided; tergite X weakly con-

vex in cross-section, slightly shorter than tergite IX in the

middle (Fig. 162).

Comparative notes. Lathrobium inflexum lacks conspic-

uous external characters separating it from other species

of moderate size and with a slender pronotum. It is char-

acterized particularly by the male primarly and second-

ary sexual characters, above all by the shape of the ven-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

tral process of the aedeagus. Based on the similar male

and female sexual characters, the species is tentatively at-

tributed to the L. varisternale group, although it is not sub-

ject to a sexual dimorphism of body size, one of the

synapomorphies constituting this group.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in several geographically close localities in the mountain

range to the southeast of Longnan, southern Gansu (Fig.

111). It was sifted in great numbers from moss, fern roots,

and leaf litter in mixed forests and beneath shrubs at an

altitude of 2030-2170 m, in one locality together with an

undescribed species represented by a single female. Three

specimens are teneral.

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 67

The Lathrobium lentum species group

Lathrobium lentum sp. n. (Figs 111, 163—168)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [24]- N-Sichuan,

pass NW Songpan, 3600 m, 32°55’32”N, 103°25’56”E,

sifted, 11. VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus ¢ Lathrobium

lentum sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012” (cAss). Paratypes: 12<,

199: same data as holotype (cAss); 74, 119: “CHINA:

N-Sichuan [CH12-24], pass 35 km NNW Songpan,

32°55°32”N, 103°25’56”E, 3600 m, moist N-slope with

Salix and other shrubs, litter, grass roots & moss sifted,

11.VIHI.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch, ZFMK); 54, 69:

“CHINA (N-Sichuan) pass 35 km NNW Songpan

32°55°32”N, 103°25’56”E, 3600 m, (moist N-slope with

Salix, other shrubs, litter, moss, soil sifted, 11.VIHI.2012,

D.W. Wrase [24]” (cSch, cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: slow)

alludes to the short legs, particularly the short tarsi, sug-

gesting that the species moves slowly.

Description. Size subject to weakly pronounced sexual

dimorphism, males on average slightly larger; body length

6.8-8.0 mm (4), 5.8-7.0 mm (); length of forebody

3.0-3.4 mm (¢), 2.8-3.2 mm (). Coloration: body black-

ish; legs dark-brown with paler tarsi; antennae reddish.

Head (Fig. 163) weakly oblong, approximately 1.05

times as long as broad; posterior angles weakly marked,

practically obsolete; punctation rather coarse and relative-

ly sparse, particularly in median dorsal portion; interstices

without microsculpture and glossy. Eyes relatively large,

composed of > 50 weakly defined ommatidia, approxi-

mately 1/3 the length of postocular region in dorsal view,

or nearly so. Antenna 1.5—1.8 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 163) relatively short and broad, approx-

imately 1.2 times as long as broad and 1.1 times as broad

as head; punctation sparse; midline broadly impunctate;

interstices without microsculpture.

Elytra (Fig. 163) rather broad and moderately short, ap-

proximately 0.6 times as long as pronotum; punctation

sparse, rather fine, and shallow; interstices without mi-

crosculpture. Hind wings completely reduced. Legs, par-

ticularly the tarsi very short; length of metatarsus approx-

imately 0.6 times the width of pronotum. Protarsomeres

I-IV with weakly pronounced sexual dimorphism.

Abdomen with fine and dense punctation, punctures on-

ly slightly sparser on tergite VII than on tergites HI—VI;

interstices with fine and distinct microreticulation; poster-

ior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; poster-

ior margin of tergite VIII weakly convex, without evident

sexual dimorphism.

3: protarsomeres I-IV moderately to strongly dilated;

sternites III-VI unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 164)

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

strongly transverse, with rather extensive median depres-

sion, this depression with two large clusters of moderate-

ly modified long black setae on either side of the narrow-

ly non-pubescent middle, posterior margin broadly and

weakly concave; sternite VIII (Fig. 165) distinctly trans-

verse, with shallow and oblong median impression with

unmodified setae, middle of sternite narrowly without se-

tae, posterior excision broad and shallow; aedeagus (Figs

166-167) approximately 1.5 mm long and symmetric;

ventral process slender, with distinct and long median ca-

rina, and apically acute; dorsal plate lamellate, thin, api-

cally acute, and without distinct basal portion; internal sac

with oblong dark membranous structures, without sclero-

tized spines.

©: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, but usually at

least slightly less so than in male; sternite VIII (Fig. 168)

approximately 1.0 mm long, approximately as long as

broad, and with convex posterior margin; tergite [X com-

pletely divided anteriorly; tergite X broad, weakly con-

vex in cross-section, anteriorly reaching anterior margin

of tergite IX.

Comparative notes. Based on the external and sexual

characters, L. Jentum does not appear to be closely affil-

iated with any of the other species of the study region. It

differs from all of them by the absence of microsculpture

on the head, the broad pronotum in relation to the slen-

der head, the short legs, particularly the short tarsi, the

chaetotaxy of the male sternite VII, the shape and chaeto-

taxy of the male sternite VIII, the morphology of the

aedeagus (ventral process symmetric and ventrally cari-

nate; dorsal plate without distinct basal portion), and by

the shape of the female sternite VII. The latter differs from

that of L. brevisternale, the only other species from the

study region whose female sternite VIII is not oblong, by

the distinctly convex posterior margin. In addition, L.

lentum is characterized by the blackish coloration of the

body, the broad elytra, the rather sparse punctation of the

forebody, and the completely divided female tergite IX.

The only species that show some similarities are the

species of the L. varisternale group, which often have the

male sternite VHI weakly modified and narrowly without

setae in the middle and a symmetric aedeagus with a slen-

der ventral process and only with membranous internal

structures.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated to the northwest of Songpan, northern Sichuan (Fig.

111). The specimens were sifted from grass roots, leaf lit-

ter, and moss on a moist north slope with Salix sp. and

other shrubs at an altitude of 3600 m, together with L. de-

truncatum and numerous specimens of L. biapicale.

©ZFMK

68 Volker Assing

w Xian

Fig. 169. Distributions of species of the L. varisternale group (filled symbols) and the L. fissispinosum group (open symbols): L.

tectiforme (filled circles); L. spinigerum (open triangle); L. Jongispinosum (open circles); L. rectispinosum (open squares); L. fis-

sispinosum (open diamonds).

The Lathrobium fissispinosum species group

Lathrobium fissispinosum sp. n. (Figs 169-176)

Type material. Holotype 4: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba

Shan), pass E of Mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyu-

ping, 31°30’N, 110°21’E, 19.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke

[CO1-13C] / creek valley, 1950-2050 m, mixed decidu-

ous forest, moss, dead wood, mushrooms (sifted) [C01-

13C]/ Holotypus ¢ Lathrobium fissispinosum sp. n., det.

V. Assing 2012” (cSch). Paratypes: 44, 29: same data as

holotype (cSch, cAss, ZFMK); 2¢', 29: same data, but

‘22.VII.2001 ... [13E]” (cSch, cAss); 23, 29: “China (Da-

ba Shan) pass E Mt. Da Shennongyjia, 12 km NW Muyu-

ping 31°30°N, 110°21°E 1950 m (dry creek vall., mix. de-

cid. forest) 16.-22.VII.2001 Wrase [13]” (cSch); 12, 89:

“CHINA: W-Hubei daba [sic] Shan pass E of Mt. Shen-

nongjia 12 km / NW Muyuping 31°30’N 110°21°E 1950

m A. Smetana [C117]” (cSme, cAss); 22: same data as

before, but “16.VII.2001 ... [C104] (cSme); 14: same da-

ta as before, but “19.7.01 ... [C111] (cAss); 24, 49: “CHI-

NA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan), mountain range NE Muyu-

ping, pass 12 km N Muyuping, 31°32’N, 110°26’E, 2380

m, leg. M. Schtilke [CO1-15] / 17.VH.2001, N pass, N-

slope with young deciduous forest, bank of small creek,

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

moss (sifted) [CO1-15]” (cSch, cAss); 14: same data as

before, but “21.VII.2001 ... [15C]”; 1¢: “CHINA (W-

Hubei) Daba Shan, mountain range NE Muyuping, pass

12 km N Muyuping, 31°32’N, 110°26’E, 2380 m, N pass

(N-slope, young decid. for, shrubs, moss)

17.21. VIII.2001 Wrase [15]” (cAss); 14: “CHINA: W-

Hubei Daba Shan mtn. range NE Muyuping pass 12 km

/ N Muyu-ping 31°32’N 110°26’E 2380 m 17.7.01 A.

Smetana [C107]” (cSme); 2°: “CHINA (W-Hubei) Da-

ba Shan, creek vall. 11 km NW Muyuping, 31°30’N,

110°22’E, 1960 m (creek vall., mix. decid. for., moss,

leaves-sift.) 18.VII.2001 Wrase [17]” (cSch); 23, 19:

“CHINA: W-Hubei Daba Shan crk. valley 11 km NW

Muyuping 31°30’N / 110°22’E 1960 m, 18.VII.2001 A.

Smetana [C109]” (cSme, cAss); 19: “CHINA: W-Hubei

Daba Shan mtn. range NE Muyuping crk. valley / 4 km

N Muyuping 1700 m 21.7.01 A. Smetana [C116]”

(cSme); 14, 19: “China, W Hubei, Shennongjia Nat. Res.,

2000-2200 m, litter, 7.VI.95 S. Kurbatov” (MHNG,

cAss); 24, 22 [evidently mislabelled]: “CHINA: S-

Shaanxi (Qinling Shan), pass on rd. Zhouzhi - Foping, 105

km SW Xi’an, N-slope, 1880 m, 33°44’N, 107°58’E, leg.

M. Schiilke [CO1-03] / 4.VII.2001, shady rockwall base,

moist (sifted) [C0O1-03]” (cSch, cAss).

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 69

ps:

as te ape, Se o

a iy) Meats, a

172

177 180

182 179

Figs 170-182. Lathrobium fissispinosum (170-176) and L. rectispinosum (177-182). 170, 177. Forebody. 171. Abdomen. 172,

178. Male sternite VII. 173, 179. Male sternite VIII. 174-175, 180-181. Aedeagus in lateral and in (latero-)ventral view. 176, 182.

Female sternite VII. Scale bars: 170-171, 177: 1.0 mm; 172-176, 178-182: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

70 Volker Assing

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: with

split spine) alludes to the apically bifid spine in the inter-

nal sac of the aedeagus.

Description. Size without sexual dimorphism; body length

7.3—9.0 mm; length of forebody 3.4—3.9 mm. Coloration:

body dark-brown to blackish with paler abdominal apex

(segments IX—X); legs dark-reddish to brown; antennae

reddish.

Head (Fig. 170) approximately as broad as, or slightly

broader than long; punctation moderately coarse and rather

sparse, even sparser in median dorsal portion; interstices

on average broader than punctures, with fine, but distinct

microreticulation and subdued shine. Eyes moderately

small, composed of > 50 ommatidia, approximately 1/4

the length of postocular region in dorsal view, and approx-

imately 0.35—0.40 times as long as postocular region in

lateral view. Antenna 1.8—2.0 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 170) approximately 1.25 times as long

as broad, indistinctly broader than head; punctation sim-

ilar to that of head, but somewhat sparser; midline rather

narrowly impunctate; interstices without microsculpture

and glossy.

Elytra (Fig. 170) short, approximately 0.55 times as long

as pronotum; punctation relatively sparse and defined; in-

terstices without microsculpture. Hind wings completely

reduced.

Abdomen (Fig. 171) with fine punctation, punctures on

tergites III-VI dense, those on tergites VII and VIII dis-

tinctly sparser; interstices with very shallow, almost ob-

solete microsculpture and rather glossy; posterior margin

of tergite VII without palisade fringe.

&: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; tergite VIII with

moderately convex posterior margin; sternites I1I—VI un-

modified; sternite VII (Fig. 172) with distinct median im-

pression posteriorly, this impression with numerous dis-

tinctly modified, stout black setae, posterior margin dis-

tinctly concave in the middle; sternite VIII (Fig. 173)

weakly oblong, distinctly tapering posteriorly, with oblong

and extensive median impression in posterior two thirds,

this impression without setae along the middle, on either

side of middle with numerous distinctly modified, stout

black setae, posterior excision shallowly V-shaped; aedea-

gus (Figs 174-175) 1.5 mm long, strongly modified,

asymmetric and somewhat twisted; internal sac with long

and apically bifid sclerotized spine.

©: protarsomeres I-IV distinctly dilated, but slightly less

so than in male; posterior margin of tergite VII strongly

convex; sternite VIII (Fig. 176) 1.1—1.2 mm long, distinct-

ly oblong, and convexly produced posteriorly; tergite IX

anteriorly undivided; tergite X weakly convex in cross-

section, much longer (ca. 2.7 ) than tergite [X in the mid-

dle.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Comparative notes. Lathrobium fissispinosum 1s distin-

guished from all its congeners particularly by the derived

male sexual characters. It is additionally separated from

the syntopic L. curvispinosum and L. bifidum as follows:

from L. curvispinosum by smaller size, paler coloration

of the abdominal apex and the legs, denser punctation of

the pronotum, distinctly denser punctation of tergites VII

and VUI, the more strongly convex posterior margin of

the female tergite VIII, and the more slender and differ-

ently shaped female sternite VIII; from L. bifidum by larg-

er size, darker coloration, the absence of a dimorphism of

the metatibiae, and the different shape of the female ster-

nite VIII.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in several localities in the Daba Shan, to the north and

northwest of Muyuping (Fig. 169). Remarkably, accord-

ing to their labels, three specimens were collected in the

Qinling Shan to the southwest of Xi’an, some 330 km to

the northwest of the localities in the Daba Shan. In view

of the usually restricted distributions of micropterous Lath-

robium species in China, such a vast extension of the range

of this species would seem exceptional and requires con-

firmation. Mislabelled specimens are not unprecedented.

The type specimens were sifted from the leaf litter and

moss in mixed deciduous forests at altitudes of 1700-2380

m, partly together with L. curvispinosum and L. bifidum.

Lathrobium rectispinosum sp. n. (Figs 169, 177-182)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Daba

Shan), NW pass 25 km NW Zhenping, 32°01’N,

109°19°E, 2150 m, 11.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-

09] / creek valley, young coniferous forest, moss (sifted)

[C01-09] / Holotypus 3 Lathrobium rectispinosum sp. n.,

det. V. Assing 2012” (cSch). Paratypes: 49: same data as

holotype (cSch, ZFMK); 33, 29: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi

(Daba Shan), mountain range N pass 22 km NW Zhen-

ping, N-slope, 32°01°N, 109°21°E, 2400 m, 13.VII.2001,

leg. M. Schiilke [CO1-11] / mixed forest (Pinus Salix and

other deciduous trees) (sifted) [C01-11] (cSch, cAss); 19:

“CHINA Shaanxi Daba Shan NW pass 25 km NW Zhen-

ping 32°01’N/ 109°19’E 2150 m 11.VII.2001 A. Smetana

[C99]” (cSme).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: with

straight spine) alludes to the long and straight spine in the

internal sac of the aedeagus.

Description. Size without sexual dimorphism; body length

6.8-8.3 mm; length of forebody 3.2—3.6 mm. Coloration:

body blackish-brown to blackish; legs dark-reddish; an-

tennae reddish.

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 71

External characters (Fig. 177) as in L. fissispinosum, dis-

tinguished only by the sexual characters.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; tergite VIII with

weakly convex posterior margin; sternites II-VI unmod-

ified; sternite VII (Fig. 178) with distinct median impres-

sion posteriorly, this impression with numerous very

weakly modified setae, posterior margin distinctly concave

in the middle; sternite VII (Fig. 179) approximately as

long as broad, distinctly tapering posteriorly, with mod-

erately extensive median impression posteriorly, this im-

pression with numerous distinctly modified, stout black

setae, posterior excision relatively small and anteriorly

concave; aedeagus (Figs 180—181) approximately 1.4 mm

long, strongly modified, asymmetric and somewhat twist-

ed, with two large, lamelliform lateral lobes and a long,

slender, and somewhat curved (lateral view) median lobe;

internal sac with long and straight sclerotized spine.

2: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, but distinctly less so than

in male; posterior margin of tergite VII distinctly convex;

sternite VII (Fig. 182) approximately 1.1 mm long, mod-

erately oblong, and with broadly convex posterior mar-

gin; tergite [X with short and undivided anterior median

portion; tergite X weakly convex in cross-section, longer

(ca. 2.0 x) than tergite [X in the middle.

Comparative notes. Lathrobium rectispinosum 1s evident-

ly most closely allied to L. fissispinosum, as can be in-

ferred from the similar external and male sexual charac-

ters. It is distinguished from all its congeners particular-

ly by the derived morphology of the aedeagus (presence

of long straight spine in internal sac, ventral process sub-

divided into three lobes, the lateral ones lamellate), as well

as by the shapes and chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII

and VIII. It additionally differs from L. fissispinosum by

the different shape of the female sternite VIII and by the

relatively shorter female tergite X, 1.e., the longer anteri-

or median portion of the female tergite [X.

Distribution and natural history. The species is was

found in two localities in the Daba Shan, to the northwest

of Zhenping, Shaanxi (Fig. 169). The specimens were sift-

ed from leaf litter and moss in a young coniferous forest

and in a mixed forest at altitudes of 2150 and 2400 m, part-

ly together with L. aquilinum.

Lathrobium curvispinosum sp. n. (Figs 183-189, 198)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba

Shan), pass E of Mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyu-

ping, 31°30’N, 110°21’E, 19.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke

[CO1-13C] / creek valley, 1950-2050 m, mixed decidu-

ous forest, moss, dead wood, mushrooms (sifted) [CO1-

13C]/ Holotypus 4 Lathrobium curvispinosum sp. n., det.

V. Assing 2012” (cSch). Paratypes: 1 9: same data as holo-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

type, but “22. VII.2001 ... [13E]’ (cSch); 26: “China (Da-

ba Shan) pass E Mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyu-

ping 31°30°N, 110°21°E 1950 m (dry creek vall., mix. de-

cid. forest) 16.—22.VII.2001 Wrase [13]” (cAss); 3, 69:

“CHINA: W-Hubei daba [sic] Shan pass E of Mt. Shen-

nongjia 12 km / NW Muyuping 31°30’N 110°21’E 1950

m A. Smetana [C117]” (cSme, cAss); 14: “CHINA: W-

Hubei (Daba Shan), mountain range NE Muyuping, pass

12 km N Muyuping, 31°32’N, 110°26’E, 2380, leg. M.

Schiilke [CO1-15] / 17.VII.2001, N pass, N-slope with

young deciduous forest, bank of small creek, moss (sift-

ed) [C01-15]” (cSch); 14: “CHINA: W-Hubei Daba Shan

crk. valley 11 km NW Muyuping 31°30’N / 110°22’E

1960 m, 18.VII.2001 A. Smetana [C109]” (cAss); 12:

“China, W Hubei, Shennongjia Nat. Res., 2000-2200 m,

litter, 7.VI.95 S. Kurbatov” (MHNG).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: with

straight spine) alludes to the long and curved spine in the

internal sac of the aedeagus.

Description. Relatively large species, size without sexu-

al dimorphism; body length 8.4—10.0 mm; length of fore-

body 4.24.7 mm. Coloration: body blackish; legs dark-

brown to blackish-brown with paler tarsi; antennae red-

dish-brown.

Externally similar to the smaller L. fissispinosum, but

distinguished as follows:

Pronotum (Fig. 183) broad, approximately 1.2 times as

long as broad; punctation of tergite VII nearly as dense

as that of tergites III-VI; tergite VIII without sexual di-

morphism, posterior @: protarsomeres I-IV strongly di-

lated; tergite VII with weakly convex posterior margin;

sternites II-VI unmodified; sternite VI (Fig. 185) with

shallow median impression, this impression with numer-

ous very weakly modified setae, posterior margin distinct-

ly concave in the middle; sternite VHI (Fig. 185) approx-

imately as long as broad, moderately tapering posterior-

ly, with extensive median depression, this depression with

numerous distinctly modified, stout black setae, posteri-

or excision moderately deep and V-shaped; aedeagus (Fig.

186) 1.8-1.9 mm long and asymmetric; ventral process

modified, somewhat twisted, apically acute, and in the

middle distinctly notched on the left side in ventral view;

internal sac with long and curved sclerotized spine.

©: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, but distinctly less so than

in male; sternite VIII (Fig. 188) approximately 1.4 mm

long, moderately oblong, and posteriorly convexly pro-

duced; tergite [X anteriorly very narrowly undivided, but

with fine suture (Fig. 189); tergite X weakly convex in

cross-section posteriorly, anteriorly flat, almost reaching

anterior margin of tergite [X in the middle.

Comparative notes. Lathrobium curvispinosum is evi-

dently closely allied to the partly syntopic L. fis-

©ZFMK

WD, Volker Assing

191 197

Figs 183-197. Lathrobium curvispinosum (183-189) and L. longispinosum (190-197). 183, 190. Forebody. 184, 191. Male ster-

nite VII. 185, 192. Male sternite VIII. 186, 193-194. Aedeagus in lateral and in latero-ventral view. 187, 195. Posterior portion of

female tergite VIII. 188, 196. Female sternite VII. 189, 197. Female tergites [IX—X. Scale bars: 183, 190: 1.0 mm; 184-189, 191-197: |

0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 73

sispinosum, L. rectispinosum, and L. longispinosum, as can

be inferred particularly from the synapomorphically de-

rived morphology of the aedeagus, especially the presence

of a long sclerotized spine in the internal sac and the asym-

metric ventral process, but also from the similar external

morphology, the shape and chaetotaxy of the male ster-

nite VII (posterior margin distinctly concave in the mid-

dle), the similar shape and chaetotaxy of the male ster-

nite VIII, and the anteriorly short median portion of the

female tergite IX. Lathrobium curvispinosum differs from

the syntopic L. fissispinosum by larger body size, darker

coloration, a broader pronotum, the denser punctation of

the abdominal tergite VII, the deeper posterior concavity

of the male sternite VII, the shape and chaetotaxy of the

male sternite VIII (not oblong, deeper and V-shaped pos-

terior excision, denser cluster of modified setae), the dif-

ferent shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus, the ap1-

cally unsplit internal spine of the aedeagus, and by the less

oblong female sternite VII. From all geographically close

congeners, L. curvispinosum is distinguished by larger size

and darker coloration alone.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in four geographically close localities in the Daba Shan,

western Hubei, to the north and northwest of Muyuping

(Fig. 198). The specimens were sifted from leaf litter and

moss in mixed deciduous forests at altitudes of 1950-2380

m, together with L. fissispinosum and L. bifidum.

Lathrobium longispinosum sp. n. (Figs 169, 190-197)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [29]- S-Shaanxi,

Micang Shan, 30 km S Hanzhong, 32°45°56”N,

106°53°57”E, 1070 m, 15.VUI.2012, V. Assing / Holoty-

pus ¢ Lathrobium longispinosum sp. n., det. V. Assing

2012” (cAss). Paratypes: 14, 19: same data as holotype

(cAss); 12: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi [CH12-29], Micang

Shan, 30 km S Hanzhong, 32°45°56”N, 106°53’57”E,

1070 m, stream valley, litter and soil sifted, 15. VII.2012,

leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch); 2, 119[ 39 teneral]: “CHINA

[27] - S-Shaanxi, Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong,

32°40’52”N, 106°49°16”E, 1090 m, 14.VIII.2012,

V. Assing” (cAss); 14, 29 [19 teneral]: “CHINA: S-

Shaanxi [CH12-27], Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong,

32°40°52”N, 106°49°16”E, 1090 m, NW-slope, mixed

forest margin with rocks, litter, grass, and moss sifted,

14. VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke” (cSch, ZFMK); 72, 49

[4¢, 19 teneral]: “CHINA [32] - S-Shaanxi [recte: N-

Sichuan], Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32°40°43”N,

106°48°33”E, 1090 m, 17.VHI.2012, V. Assing” (cAss),

145, 22 [19 teneral]: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi [recte: N-

Sichuan] [CH12-32], Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong,

32°40°43”N, 106°48°33”E, 1090 m, stream valley, shady

S-slope, sec. mixed forest, litter, grass, and herbs near path

sifted, 17.VIII.2012, M. Schiilke” (cSch).

@ Xian

Fig. 198. Distributions of species of the L. fissispinosum group: L. crassispinosum (open diamonds); L.trifidum (open triangle);

L. curvispinosum (open circles).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

©ZFMK

714 Volker Assing

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: with

straight spine) alludes to the long spine in the internal sac

of the aedeagus.

Description. Relatively large species, size subject to

weakly pronounced sexual dimorphism, males slightly

larger on average; body length 8.0-9.5 mm (@), 7.5—9.0

mm (Q); length of forebody 4.24.5 mm (@), 3.7-4.3 mm

(2). Coloration: body blackish, with the apex of the ab-

domen (posterior margin of segment VII; segments

VIII-X) reddish-brown; legs reddish, with the femora usu-

ally darker; antennae reddish.

Head (Fig. 190) weakly transverse, approximately 1.05

times as broad as long; posterior angles moderately

marked, rounded but noticeable; punctation relatively

coarse and dense, sparser in median dorsal portion; inter-

stices glossy, with shallow, often only with barely notice-

able traces of microreticulation, on average as broad as,

or narrower than diameter of punctures, broader than di-

ameter of punctures in median dorsal portion. Eyes rela-

tively small, approximately 1/4 the length of postocular

region in dorsal view and 0.3 times as long as distance

from posterior margin of eye to posterior constriction in

lateral view. Antenna 2.2—2.4 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 190) broad, approximately 1.2 times as

long as broad, and slightly broader than head; punctation

similar to that of head; interstices without microreticula-

tion.

Elytra (Fig. 190) short, approximately 0.5 times as long

as pronotum; punctation dense, rather coarse, and usual-

ly defined. Hind wings completely reduced.

Abdomen with punctation of tergites HI—VI dense and

not particularly fine, that of tergites VII and VIII fine and

distinctly sparser; posterior margin of tergite VI without

palisade fringe; tergite VIII with moderately pronounced

sexual dimorphism.

3: protarsomeres I-IV moderately strongly dilated; ter-

gite VHI with distinctly convex posterior margin; ster-

nites II-VI unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 191) moderate-

ly transverse and with shallow and extensive median 1m-

pression posteriorly, this impression with numerous dis-

tinctly modified, stout and black setae, posterior margin

rather weakly concave in the middle; sternite VIII (Fig.

192) weakly oblong, with extensive, distinct, somewhat

asymmetrically oblique, and broad median impression,

this impression with numerous strongly modified, stout

and black setae, posteriorly with cluster of conspicuous-

ly dense black setae, posterior excision broad, weakly con-

cave, and in asymmetric position; aedeagus (Figs

193-194) approximately 1.5 mm long and asymmetric;

ventral process modified, subdivided into two large lamel-

late lobes of different shapes; internal sac with long and

weakly curved sclerotized spine.

©: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, only slightly less so than

in male; posterior margin of tergite VIII obtusely point-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

ed in the middle (Fig. 195); sternite VIII (Fig. 196) ap-

proximately 1.2—1.3 mm long, moderately oblong, poste-

rior margin distinctly convex; tergite IX anteriorly undi-

vided, without suture; tergite X weakly convex, almost flat

in cross-section, distinctly longer than tergite IX in the

middle (Fig. 197).

Comparative notes. As can be inferred from the similar-

ly derived male and female sexual characters, particular-

ly the general morphology of the aedeagus and the pres-

ence of a long sclerotized spine in the internal sac, L.

longispinosum undoubtedly belongs to the L. fissispinosum

group. It is distinguished from all the species of this group

by the much shallower microreticulation of the head, by

the shapes and chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII and

VII, by the morphology of the aedeagus, and also, though

less clearly, by the female terminalia. The aedeagus is most

similar to that of L. rectispinosum, from which L.

longispinosum differs by larger body size, darker col-

oration of the body, relatively smaller eyes, and the sex-

ual characters.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in three geographically close localities in the Micang Shan,

southern Shaanxi, to the south of Hanzhong (Fig. 169).

The specimens were sifted from leaf litter, grass roots, and

moss in mixed forests and from the soil along a forest path

at an altitude of 1070-1090 m, partly together with L.

sinense and L. crassispinosum. Some of the specimens are

teneral.

Lathrobium spinigerum sp. n. (Figs 169, 199-205)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [31] - S-Shaanxi,

Micang Shan, 40 km SW Hanzhong, 32°52’25”N,

106°37°11”E, 1530 m, 16.VHI.2012, V. Assing / Holoty-

pus ¢ Lathrobium spinigerum sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012”

(cAss). Paratypes: 23, 49 [14,3 @ teneral]: same data

as holotype (cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: with

spines) alludes to the presence of a long sclerotized spine

in the internal sac of the aedeagus.

Description. Species of moderate size without apparent

sexual size dimorphism; body length 5.8—6.7 mm; length

of forebody 2.8—3.2 mm. Coloration: body dark-brown;

legs reddish to pale-brown; antennae reddish.

Head (Fig. 199) approximately as broad as long; punc-

tation relatively fine and rather sparse, even sparser in me-

dian dorsal portion; interstices on dorsal surface on aver-

age distinctly broader than punctures, with distinct mi-

croreticulation and almost matt. Eyes moderately small,

composed of > 50 ommatidia, little less than 1/3 the length

OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 75

of postocular region in dorsal view, and approximately 0.4

times as long as postocular region in lateral view. Anten-

na approximately 1.6 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 199) approximately 1.25 times as long

as broad and 1.05 times as broad as head, distinctly ta-

pering posteriad; punctation relatively fine and sparse;

midline rather broadly impunctate; interstices without mi-

crosculpture and glossy, distinctly broader than diameter

of punctures.

Elytra (Fig. 199) short, approximately 0.55 times as long

as pronotum; punctation of variable density, shallow and

ill-defined to defined, dense to moderately dense; inter-

stices without microsculpture, narrower to broader than

diameter of punctures. Hind wings completely reduced.

Abdomen with fine punctation, punctures only slight-

ly sparser on tergites VII and VIII than on anterior tergites;

interstices with fine, shallow microsculpture; posterior

margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; posterior

margin of tergite VIII sexually dimorphic.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; tergite VIII with

moderately convex posterior margin; sternites II-VI un-

modified; sternite VII (Fig. 200) moderately transverse,

with small and shallow median impression posteriorly,

posterior margin weakly concave in the middle, pubes-

cence unmodified, except for few weakly modified dark

marginal setae near posterior concavity; sternite VIII (Fig.

201) weakly transverse, with extensive, shallow median

impression, this impression with numerous strongly

modified stout black setae, posterior margin truncate;

aedeagus (Figs 202—203) approximately 1.0 mm long and

distinctly asymmetric; ventral process divided into two

lobes of different shapes, right lobe (ventral view) much

longer than left lobe; dorsal plate strongly sclerotized,

broadly lamellate, tapering apicad, and apically acute; in-

ternal sac with distinctly sclerotized long and in the mid-

dle obtusely angular spine.

°: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, but distinctly less so than

in male; tergite VIII distinctly and almost triangularly pro-

duced posteriorly; sternite VIII (Fig. 204) approximately

0.9 mm long, oblong, and gradually tapering posteriad,

and with strongly convex posterior margin; tergite [X an-

teriorly divided; tergite X separating tergite [X anterior-

ly and reaching anterior margin of tergite [X (Fig. 205).

Comparative notes. Based on the morphology of the

aedeagus (presence of a long sclerotized spine in the in-

ternal sac, ventral process asymmetric, subdivided into two

lobes of unequal size and shapes, basal portion of aedea-

gus small), L. spinigerum belongs to the L. fissispinosum

group. The morphology of the ventral process and the dor-

sal plate of the aedeagus, the similar shape and chaeto-

taxy of the male sternite VII, the similarly derived shape

and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII, the anteriorly

completely divided female tergite [X, as well as the sim-

ilar external characters suggest that it is the adelphotax-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

on of the geographically close L. crassispinosum, from

which L. spinigerum differs by the truncate posterior mar-

gin (L. crassispinosum: posterior margin convex) and the

arrangement of the modified setae of the male sternite VI-

II, the shapes of the ventral process and the dorsal plate

of the aedeagus, the obtusely angular internal spine of the

aedeagus (L. crassispinosum: spine almost straight), and

the posteriorly less strongly convex female sternite VII.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Micang Shan, to the southwest of Hanzhong,

southern Shaanxi (Fig. 169). The partly teneral specimens

were sifted from leaf litter and moss in a mixed second-

ary forest at an altitude of 1530 m, together with L. ser-

rilobatum.

Lathrobium crassispinosum sp. n. (Figs 198, 206-212)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [28]- S-Shaanxi

Micang Shan, 34 km S Hanzhong, 32°44°22”N,

106°51°55”E, 1460 m, 14. VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holoty-

pus Lathrobium crassispinosum sp. n., det. V. Assing

2012” (cAss). Paratypes: 43, 72 [3¢, 49 teneral]: same

data as holotype (cAss); 23, 19 [1¢, 1° teneral]: same

data, but leg. Schiilke (CSch, ZFMK); 23, 29: “CHINA

[29]- S-Shaanxi Micang Shan, 30 km S Hanzhong,

32°45 507 N,, 06553757 4E, 1070 m,. 15. Ville2012;

V. Assing” (cAss); 14, 19 [both teneral]: same data, but

leg. M. Schiilke (cSch); 3, 39 [14, 19 teneral]: “CHI-

NA [30] - S-Shaanxi Micang Shan, 33 km S Hanzhong,

32°44’°44”"N, 106°52°46”E, 1360 m, 15.VIII.2012,

V. Assing” (cAss); 13 [teneral]: same data, but leg.

Schiilke (cSch); 23’, 22: “CHINA [32] - S-Shaanxi [recte:

N-Sichuan], Micang Shan, 42 km S_ Hanzhong,

32°40°43”N, 106°487°33”E, 1090 m, 17.VHI.2012,

V. Assing” (cAss); 2: same data, but leg. Schiilke (cSch);

14: “CHINA: Shaanxi Prov., Nanzheng County, Liping

National Forest Park, 32°50’N, 106°36’E, 12.vii.2012, alt.

1,400—1,600 m, Chen, Li, Ma, Zhao & Pan leg.” (SNUC).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: with

stout spine) alludes to the presence of a long and stout scle-

rotized spine in the internal sac of the aedeagus.

Description. Species of moderate size without apparent

sexual size dimorphism; body length 6.0—7.2 mm; length

of forebody 3.0—3.3 mm. External characters (Fig. 206)

as in L. spinigerum.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; tergite VIII with

convex posterior margin; sternites II-VI unmodified; ster-

nite VII (Fig. 207) moderately transverse, with shallow

median impression posteriorly, posterior margin weakly

concave in the middle, pubescence unmodified, except for

few weakly modified dark marginal setae near posterior

©ZFMK

716 Volker Assing

Figs 199-212. Lathrobium spinigerum (199-205) and L. crassispinosum (206-212). 199, 206. Forebody. 200, 207. Male stern- |

ite VII. 201, 208. Male sternite VIII. 202-203, 209-210. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 204, 211. Female sternite VIII.

205, 212. Female tergites IX—X. Scale bars: 199, 206: 1.0 mm; 200-205, 207-212: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China Wal

concavity; sternite VII (Fig. 208) weakly transverse, with

extensive median impression, this impression with numer-

ous strongly modified stout black setae, posterior margin

convex; aedeagus (Figs 209-210) approximately 1.0 mm

long and distinctly asymmetric; ventral process divided

into two lobes of different shapes, right lobe (ventral view)

much larger and longer than left lobe; dorsal plate strong-

ly sclerotized, broadly lamellate, and apically truncate in

dorsal view; internal sac with distinctly sclerotized, long

and stout spine.

©: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, but distinctly less so than

in male; tergite VIII distinctly and almost triangularly pro-

duced posteriorly; sternite VII (Fig. 211) approximately

0.9 mm long, oblong, and gradually tapering posteriad,

and with almost acutely pointed posterior margin; tergite

IX anteriorly divided; tergite X obtusely angled apically,

separating tergite IX anteriorly, and reaching anterior mar-

gin of tergite IX (Fig. 212).

Comparative notes. Based on the morphology of the

aedeagus (presence of a long sclerotized spine in the in-

ternal sac, ventral process asymmetric, subdivided into two

lobes of unequal size and shapes, basal portion of aedea-

gus small), L. crassispinosum belongs to the L. fis-

sispinosum group. The morphology of the ventral process

and the dorsal plate of the aedeagus, the similar shape and

chaetotaxy of the male sternite VII, the similarly derived

shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII, the ante-

riorly completely divided female tergite [X, and the sim-

ilar external characters suggest that it is the adelphotax-

on of L. spinigerum.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in five geographically close localities in the Micang Shan,

to the south of Hanzhong, southern Shaanxi and northern

Sichuan (Fig. 198). The specimens were sifted from leaf

litter, moss, grass roots, and soil in mixed and deciduous

forests, and in stream valleys beneath shrubs at elevations

from 1070 up to approximately 1500 m, partly together

with L. longispinosum or L_ serrilobatum. Several

paratypes are teneral.

Lathrobium serrilobatum sp. n. (Figs 213-223)

Type material. Holotype ¢: “CHINA [30] - S-Shaanxi,

Micang Shan, 33 km S Hanzhong, 32°44°44”N,

106°52°46”E, 1360 m, 15.VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holoty-

pus ¢@ Lathrobium serrilobatum sp. n., det. V. Assing

2012” (cAss). Paratypes: 73, 72 [1¢, 39 teneral]: same

data as holotype (cAss); 5d, 32: same data, but leg.

Schiilke (cSch, ZFMK); 32: “CHINA [31] - S-Shaanxi,

Micang Shan, 40 km SW Hanzhong, 32°52’25”N,

106°37°11”E, 1530 m, 16.VIII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss);

1¢ [teneral]: “CHINA (S.Shaanxi) Micang Shan, 40 km

SW Hanzhong, 1530 m, 32°52’25”N, 106°37711”E

(N.slope, mixed secondary forest, litter, moss sifted)

16. VIII.2012 D.W. Wrase [31]” (cAss); 3d, 52: “CHI-

@ Xian

Fig. 213. Distributions of species of the L. fissispinosum group (open symbols) and of the L. aquilinum group (filled symbol): L.

serrilobatum (open circles); L.bifidum (open diamonds); L. aquilinum (filled triangle).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

©ZFMK

78 Volker Assing

NA: Sichuan Prov., Nanjiang County, Mt. Micangshan,

32°39’N, 107°01’E, 27. iv.2008, alt. 1,800 m, Huang &

Xu leg.” (SNUC).

Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective composed

of the Latin noun serra (saw) and the Latin adjective lo-

batum (lobed) and refers to the serrate dorsal lobe of the

bifid ventral process of the aedeagus.

Description. Size without sexual dimorphism; body length

7.2-8.7 mm; length of forebody 3.6—4.1 mm. Coloration:

body castaneous to dark-brown, elytra sometimes slight-

ly paler reddish; legs, except the often somewhat darker

femora, and antennae reddish.

Head (Fig. 214) approximately as long as broad; punc-

tation moderately coarse and rather sparse, even sparser

in median dorsal portion; interstices on dorsal surface on

average broader than punctures, with fine and shallow mi-

croreticulation. Eyes moderately small, composed of > 50

ommatidia, 1/4—1/3 the length of postocular region in dor-

sal view, and 0.30—0.35 times as long as postocular region

in lateral view. Antenna approximately 2.0—2.1 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 214) moderately broad, approximately

1.25 times as long as broad and 1.05 times as broad as

head; punctation similar to that of head; midline rather

broadly impunctate; interstices without microsculpture and

glossy.

Elytra (Fig. 214) short, 0.50—-0.55 times as long as

pronotum; punctation mostly shallow and ill-defined to de-

fined; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings com-

pletely reduced.

Abdomen with fine punctation, punctures on tergites

III-V dense, on tergite VI somewhat less dense, and on

tergites VII and VIII sparse and very fine; interstices with

fine, shallow, transverse microsculpture and some shine;

posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; ter-

gite VIII with weakly convex posterior margin in both sex-

es (Fig. 215).

S: protarsomeres I-IV moderately dilated; sternites

IH—VI unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 216) moderately

transverse, with weakly concave posterior margin, other-

wise unmodified; sternite VII (Fig. 217) approximately

as long as broad, with shallow and extensive median 1m-

pression, this impression with numerous moderately mod-

ified black setae, posterior excision asymmetric, rather

broad, and not very deep; aedeagus (Figs 218-219) ap-

proximately 1.6 mm long, of distinctive shape, asymmet-

ric, long and slender; ventral process subdivided into two

lobes, the dorsal lobe conspicuously long, its ventral mar-

gins finely serrate (Figs 220-221), the ventral lobe much

shorter and shaped like a scraper; basal portion of aedea-

gus small; dorsal plate reduced; internal sac without scle-

rotized spines and without distinct dark membranous struc-

tures.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

®: protarsomeres I-IV as dilated as in male; sternite

VII (Fig. 222) approximately 1.1 mm long, oblong, and

with convex posterior margin; tergite [X anteriorly undi-

vided; tergite X distinctly longer than tergite [X in the mid-

dle (Fig. 223).

Comparative notes. Based on the apically bilobed ven-

tral process and the small basal portion of the aedeagus,

as well as the anteriorly short and undivided median por-

tion of the female tergite IX, L. serrilobatum is related to

L. fissispinosum and allied species, though it lacks a long

spine in the internal sac of the aedeagus. In external ap-

pearance, L. serrilobatum is similar to L. rectispinosum,

but distinguished from this species by the shape of the

head (weakly transverse in L. rectispinosum).

Distribution and natural history. The species was col-

lected in three localities in the Micang Shan, two in

Shaanxi to the southwest of Hanzhong and one in Sichuan

in Nanjiang County (Fig. 213). The specimens from

Shaanxi were sifted from leaf litter, moss and soil in mixed

forests at altitudes of 1360 and 1530 m, together with L.

crassispinosum and L. spinigerum. Those from Sichuan

were collected at an altitude of 1800 m. Some of the

paratypes from Shaanxi are teneral.

Lathrobium trifidum sp. n. (Figs 198, 224—233)

Type material. Holotype @: “CHINA: Border Shaanxi -

Sichuan [now Chongqing] (Daba Shan), pass 20 km SSE

Zhenping, 1700-1800 m, 31°44’N, 109°35’E,

12.VII.2001, leg. M. Schtilke [CO1-07C] / mixed forest,

small creek valley, moss, bark (sifted) [C01-07C] / Holo-

typus 4 Lathrobium trifidum sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012”

(cSch). Paratypes: 14, 12: same data as holotype (cAss);

24, 22 [14, 19 teneral]: “CHINA (border Shaanxi-

Sichuan [now Chongqing]) Daba Shan, pass 20 km SSE

Zhenping 1700-1800 m 31°44’N, 109°35’E (small creek

vall., young mixed forest, leaf litt., moss) 9.&12.VII.2001

Wrase [07]” (cSch, cAss, ZFMK); 2: “CHINA: border

Shaanxi-Sichuan [now Chongqing] Daba Shan pass 20 km

SSE Zhenping / 1700-1800 m 31°44’N_ 109°35°E

12.VII.2001 A. Smetana [C101]” (cAss); 19 [teneral]:

same data, but “9.VII.2001 ... [C96b]” (cSme).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: split in-

to three parts) alludes to the shape of the ventral process

of the aedeagus.

Description. Size rather variable, but without sexual di-

morphism; body length 6.0—7.5 mm; length of forebody

2.9-3.4 mm. Coloration: body blackish-brown, elytra

sometimes paler posteriorly, posterior margins of abdom-

inal tergites dark-reddish; legs and antennae reddish.

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 79

218 219

“il

fae

215

216

RIA

223

Figs 214-223. Lathrobium serrilobatum. 214. Forebody. 215. Male tergite VII. 216. Male sternite VII. 217. Male sternite VIII.

218-219. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 220-221. Apical portion of ventral process of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral

view. 222. Female sternite VIII. 223. Female tergites Ix—X. Scale bars: 214: 1.0 mm; 215-219, 222-223: 0.5 mm; 220-221: 0.1

mm.

Head (Fig. 224) weakly transverse, approximately 1.05

times as broad as long; punctation moderately coarse and

rather sparse, even sparser in median dorsal portion; in-

terstices on dorsal surface on average broader than punc-

tures, with fine and shallow microreticulation. Eyes mod-

erately small, composed of > 50 ommatidia, 1/4—1/3 the

length of postocular region in dorsal view, and approxi-

mately 0.35 times as long as postocular region in lateral

view. Antenna approximately 1.6—1.8 mm long.

Pronotum (Fig. 224) rather broad, approximately 1.2

times as long as broad and 1.05 times as broad as head;

punctation similar to that of head; midline rather broad-

ly impunctate; interstices without microsculpture and

glossy.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Elytra (Fig. 224) short, 0.50—0.55 times as long as

pronotum; punctation of variable density, shallow and ill-

defined to defined; interstices without microsculpture.

Hind wings completely reduced. Metatibia with sexual di-

morphism.

Abdomen with fine punctation, punctures on tergites VII

and VIII only slightly sparser than on anterior tergites; in-

terstices with fine, shallow microsculpture and some shine;

posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe;

posterior margin of tergite VII sexually dimorphic.

S: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; internal face of

metatibia angularly dilated approximately in the middle

(Fig. 225); tergite VII with weakly convex posterior mar-

gin (Fig. 226); sternite VII (Fig. 227) strongly transverse,

weakly depressed and with very sparse unmodified setae

©ZFMK

80 Volker Assing

in posterior median portion; sternite VIII (Fig. 228) strong-

ly modified and of distinctive shape and chaetotaxy, with

shallow and extensive median impression posteriorly, mid-

dle of this impression without pubescence and semi-trans-

parent, laterally with conspicuous clusters of numerous

short and very stout black setae, posterior margin asym-

metrically bisinuate, in the middle convexly projecting

posteriad; aedeagus (Figs 229-230) approximately 1.1 mm

long and of distinctive shape, ventral process strongly

asymmetric, apically subdivided into three lamellate

processes, two of them directed ventrad and one dorsad;

dorsal plate broadly lamellate and distinctly sclerotized,

without separate basal portion; internal sac with dark

membranous structures, but without sclerotized spines.

©: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, but distinctly less so than

in male; tergite VHI (Fig. 231) distinctly and almost tri-

angularly produced posteriorly; sternite VIII (Fig. 232) ap-

proximately 1.0 mm long, oblong, gradually tapering pos-

teriad, and with convex posterior margin; tergite [X an-

teriorly divided; tergite X narrowly separating tergite [X

anteriorly and nearly reaching anterior margin of tergite

IX (Fig. 233).

Comparative notes. Lathrobium trifidum shares the

asymmetric, apically divided ventral process of the

aedeagus with the preceding species of the L. fis-

sispinosum group, but differs from them by the absence

of a long internal spine, the basally large aedeagal cap-

sule, and by the completely divided female tergite [X. Re-

garding the latter character, it is similar to L. aquilinum,

but both species are separated by so many other charac-

ters (shape of pronotum, sexual dimorphism of tergite

VIII and metatibia, shapes and chaetotaxy of the male ster-

nites VI and VII) that a particularly close relationship

seems unlikely. The sexual dimorphism of the metatibia

is a unique character among the Lathrobium species of the

Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Daba Shan, to the south-southeast of Zhen-

ping, at the border between Shaanxi and Chongqing (Fig.

198). The specimens were sifted from leaf litter and moss

in a young mixed forest at an altitude of 1700-1800 m.

Three of the specimens are teneral.

Lathrobium bifidum sp. n. (Figs 213, 234-242)

Type material. Holotype 4: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba

Shan), pass E of Mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyu-

ping, 31°30’N, 110°21’E, 22.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke

[CO1-13E] / creek valley, 1950-2050 m, mixed decidu-

ous forest, moss, dead wood, mushrooms (sifted) [C01-

13E] / Holotypus ¢ Lathrobium bifidum sp. n., det.

V. Assing 2012” (cSch). Paratypes: 14: same data as holo-

type (cSch); 24: same data, but “19.VII.2001 ... [13C]”

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

(cAss); 19: “China (Daba Shan) pass E Mt. Da Shen-

nongjia, 12 km NW Muyuping 31°30°N, 110°21’E 1950

m (dry creek vall., mix. decid. forest) 16.—22.VII.2001

Wrase [13] (cSch); 54, 42: “CHINA: W-Hubei daba [sic]

Shan pass E of Mt. Shennongjia 12 km / NW Muyuping

31°30’N 110°21’E 1950 m A. Smetana [C117]” (cSme,

cAss); 19: same data, but”16.VII.2001 ... [C104]”

(cSme); 14, 12: “CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan), creek

valley 11 km NW Muyuping, 31°30’N, 110°22’E, 1960

m, 18.VII.2001, leg. M. Schiilke [C01-17] / creek valley,

mixed deciduous forest (sifted) [CO1-17]” (cSch, cAss);

53,42: “CHINA: W-Hubei Daba Shan crk. valley 11 km

NW Muyuping 31°30’N / 110°22’E 1960 m, 18.VI.2001

A. Smetana [C109]” (cSme, cAss); 1¢: “CHINA: W-

Hubei, 2002, Dashennongjia mts., 2100-2900 m,

10.-14.6., 31.5N, 110.3E, leg. J. Turna” (NHMW).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: split in-

to two parts) alludes to shape of the ventral process of the

aedeagus.

Description. Size rather variable, but without sexual di-

morphism; body length 6.3—7.5 mm; length of forebody

3.0-3.3 mm. Coloration: body brown to blackish-brown,

elytra sometimes paler posteriorly, posterior margins of

abdominal tergites narrowly dark-reddish; legs and anten-

nae reddish.

External characters (Fig. 234) as in L. trifidum, distin-

guished only by the primary and secondary sexual char-

acters:

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; tergite VIII (Fig.

239) with weakly convex posterior margin; sternite VII

(Fig. 235) strongly transverse, weakly depressed and with

transverse row of approximately 10 weakly modified se-

tae near the weakly concave posterior margin; sternite

VIII (Fig. 240) weakly transverse and moderately asym-

metric, with shallow median impression posteriorly, this

impression with few modified setae on either side of the

narrowly non-pubescent middle, posterior excision shal-

low, broad, and asymmetric; aedeagus (Figs 236—237) ap-

proximately 1.2 mm long and asymmetric; ventral process

apically divided into two lamellae of different shape; dor-

sal plate broad in dorsal view, bisinuate in lateral view,

and apically extended into conspicuous long and hook-

shaped process; internal sac with dark membranous struc-

tures, but without sclerotized spines.

©: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, but distinctly less so than

in male; metatibia unmodified; tergite VIII distinctly, tri-

angularly produced posteriorly (Fig. 241); sternite VIII

(Fig. 242) approximately 1.0 mm long, oblong, posterior

margin distinctly convexly produced in the middle; ter-

gite IX anteriorly divided by suture; tergite X almost flat

in anterior half, narrowly separating tergite [X anterior-

ly, and nearly reaching anterior margin of tergite [X (Fig.

238).

©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 81

228

227 | | 235

Figs 224-238. Lathrobium trifidum (224-233) and L. bifidum (234-238). 224, 234. Forebody. 225. Male metatibia. 226. Male

tergite VIII. 227, 235. Male sternite VII. 228. Male sternite VIII. 229-230, 236-237. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 231.

Female tergite VIII. 232. Female sternite VIII. 233, 238. Female tergites Ix—X. Scale bars: 224, 234: 1.0 mm; 225-233, 235-238:

0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©OZFMK

82 Volker Assing

243 246 247

244

245 240

Figs 239-248. Lathrobium bifidum (239-242) and L. aquilinum (243-248). 239. Male tergite VIII. 240, 245. Male sternite VIII.

241. Female tergite VIII. 242, 248. Female sternite VIII. 243. Forebody. 244. Male sternite VII. 246-247. Aedeagus in lateral and

in ventral view. Scale bars: 243: 1.0 mm; 239-242, 244-248: 0.5 mm.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91 ©ZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 83

Comparative notes. Based on the primary and second-

ary sexual characters (aedeagus asymmetric with the ven-

tral process divided into lamellate lobes; male sternite VII

weakly modified, with or without few weakly modified

setae, posterior margin weakly concave; male sternite

VIII asymmetric; tergite VIII with sexual dimorphism; fe-

male tergite VIII divided anteriorly), L. bifidum is most

closely related to the similar L. trifidum. It is readily dis-

tinguished from all its congeners by the distinctive shapes

and chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII and VIII, and by

the conspicuous morphology of the aedeagus.

Distribution and natural history. The species was found

in two geographically close localities in the Daba Shan,

western Hubei, to the northwest of Muyuping (Fig. 213).

The specimens were sifted from leaf litter and moss in de-

ciduous forests at altitudes of 1950-2050 m, together with

L. fissispinosum and L. curvispinosum.

The Lathrobium aquilinum species group

Lathrobium aquilinum sp. n. (Figs 213, 243-248)

Type material. Holotype 3: “CHINA: S-Shaanxi (Daba

Shan), NW pass 25 km NW Zhenping, 32°01’N,

109°19°E, 2150 m, 11.VII.2001, leg. M. Schtilke [CO1-

09] / creek valley, young coniferous forest, moss (sifted)

[C01-09] / Holotypus 4 Lathrobium aquilinum sp. n., det.

V. Assing 2012” (cSch). Paratypes: 1’, 32: same data as

holotype (cSch, cAss); 14, 12: “CHINA Shaanxi Daba

Shan NW pass 25 km NW Zhenping 32°01’N / 109°19°E

2150 m 11.VII.2001 A. Smetana [C99]” (cSme, cAss).

Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: of an

eagle) alludes to shape of the apex of the ventral process

of the aedeagus, which somewhat resembles a hawk’s

beak.

Description. Size without sexual dimorphism; body length

6.3—6.7 mm; length of forebody 2.9-3.1 mm. Coloration:

body dark-brown to blackish-brown; legs and antennae

reddish.

Head (Fig. 243) approximately as broad as long; punc-

tation moderately coarse and rather sparse, even sparser

in median dorsal portion; interstices on average distinct-

ly broader than punctures, with fine, but distinct mi-

croreticulation and subdued shine. Eyes moderately

small, composed of > 50 ommatidia, approximately 1/3

the length of postocular region in dorsal view, and approx-

imately 0.35—0.40 times as long as postocular region in

lateral view. Antenna approximately 1.5 mm long.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Pronotum (Fig. 243) rather broad, approximately 1.2

times as long as broad and 1.05—1.10 times as broad as

head; punctation similar to that of head; midline rather nar-

rowly impunctate; interstices without microsculpture and

glossy.

Elytra (Fig. 243) short, approximately 0.55—0.60 times

as long as pronotum; punctation rather dense, shallow, and

weakly defined; interstices without microsculpture. Hind

wings completely reduced.

Abdomen with fine punctation, punctures on tergites VII

and VIII only slightly sparser than on anterior tergites; in-

terstices with distinct microsculpture and subdued shine;

posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe;

posterior margin of tergite VIII weakly convex in both sex-

es.

3: protarsomeres I-IV strongly dilated; sternite VII (Fig.

244) strongly transverse, with rather extensive median im-

pression of triangular shape posteriorly, this impression

without setae in the middle, but margined by several long

and stout black setae, posterior margin weakly concave

in the middle; sternite VIII (Fig. 245) almost as long as

broad, with extensive median impression of triangular

shape, this impression with cluster of numerous stout black

setae on either side of the non-pubescent middle, poster-

ior excision very broad and shallow; aedeagus (Figs

246-247) approximately 1.1 mm long and of distinctive

shape, ventral process strongly asymmetric (ventral

view) and apically hooked (lateral view); dorsal plate

broadly lamellate, weakly sclerotized, apically acute, with-

out median carina, and with very short basal portion; in-

ternal sac with dark membranous structures, but without

sclerotized spine.

®: protarsomeres I-IV dilated, but distinctly less so than

in male; sternite VIII (Fig. 248) approximately 0.85 mm

long, oblong, and convexly produced posteriorly, poster-

ior portion with particularly dense micropubescence; ter-

gite IX anteriorly divided; tergite X narrowly separating

tergite [X anteriorly and reaching anterior margin of ter-

gite IX.

Comparative notes. The external and sexual characters

do not suggest a closer relationship with any of the species

treated above. Lathrobium aquilinum is distinguished from

all of them particularly by the male sexual characters

(shape and chaetotaxy of sternites VI and VIII; morphol-

ogy of the aedeagus), as well as by the morphology of the

female tergites [X and X.

Distribution and natural history. The type locality is sit-

uated in the Daba Shan, to the northwest of Zhenping (Fig.

213). The specimens were sifted from moss in a young

coniferous forest at an altitude of 2150 m, together with

L. rectispinosum.

©ZFMK

84 Volker Assing

UNIDENTIFIED AND UNNAMED SPECIES

Some probably undescribed species in the examined ma-

terial were represented only by females. Since the male

sexual characters are required for a reliable identification

of Lathrobium species, these species remain unnamed.

Lathrobium sp. 1

Material examined. 29: “CHINA: Border Shaanxi -

Sichuan [now Chongqing] (Daba Shan), pass 20 km SSE

Zhenping, 1700-1800 m, 31°44’N, 109°35’E, 9.VII.2001,

leg. M. Schilke [C01-07] / young dry mixed forest, field

edge, small creek valley, moss (sifted) [C01-07]” (cSch,

cAss).

This species is similar and evidently closely related to

L. rectispinosum. The two females are slightly larger than

the type specimens of that species.

Lathrobium sp. 2

Material examined. | 9: “CHINA [7] - S-Gansu, moun-

tains SE Longnan, sifted, 33°13’20”N, 105°15’10”E,

2170 m, 31.VII.2012, V. Assing” (cAss).

This species is externally similar and probably closely

related to L. biforme, L. lunatum, and L. falcatum.

Lathrobium sp. 3

Material examined. 19: “CHINA: Shaanxi, Qinling

Shan, 6 km E Xunyangba, 1000-1300 m,

23.V.—-13.V1.2000, leg. C. Holzschuh” (NHMW).

This species is characterized by rather large size (length

of forebody: 4.7 mm), blackish coloration, coarse and

dense punctation of the forebody, as well as by the rather

coarse and dense punctation and the very shallow, near-

ly obsolete microsculpture of the abdominal tergites

II-VI.

Lathrobium sp. 4

Material examined. | 9: “China, W Hubei, Shennongjia

Nat. Res., 2000—2200 m, litter, 7.VI.95 S. Kurbatov”

(MHNG).

The above specimen is externally similar to L. aqui-

linum, but, in view of the distribution, most likely to rep-

resent a different species.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

KEY TO SPECIES

The key below includes the described species of the Quin-

ling Shan, the Daba Shan, and adjacent mountain ranges

from the mountains near Songpan in northern Sichuan in

the west to the eastern parts of the Daba Shan in western

Hubei in the east. Since a reliable species-level identifi-

cation based on external characters is usually not possi-

ble, the key primarily relies on the male sexual charac-

ters.

1. Macropterous or wing-dimorphic species; elytra at

least 0.5—0.6 times as long as pronotum. Hind wings

in brachypterous specimens not completely reduced

(rudiments at least as long as elytra). Posterior mar-

gin of abdominal tergite VII with or without palisade

|g) oo ee Pe EP ee MAL Aun Aw eeecoconcca0000000 2

— Apterous species; elytra 0.5—0.6 times as long as

pronotum. Hind wings completely reduced. Posteri-

or margin of abdominal tergite VII always without

palisade fringe: i222. ices .tcmesceeee see eRe EEE 3

2. Macropterous and larger species; length of forebody

> 4.0 mm. Head and pronotum blackish; elytra red-

dish. 4: aedeagus as figured by Koch (1939a), with

long, slender, curved, and somewhat asymmetric ven-

tral process; internal sac without conspicuously

large internal structure. Widespread in the East

Palaearctic: Japan, Russian Far East, North and South

Korea, northern China. ............... dignum Sharp

— Wing-dimorphic, smaller species; length of forebody

approximately 2.6—3.0 mm (Figs 3—6). Pronotum red-

dish to reddish-brown, head mostly distinctly darker

than pronotum. @: aedeagus with short, stout, almost

straight, and in ventral view only slightly asymmet-

ric ventral process; internal sac with conspicuously

large, strongly sclerotized internal structure apically

extending into a long and twisted spine (Figs 9-13);

sternites VII and VIII shaped as in Figs 7-8. 9: ster-

nite VIII strongly oblong and with more or less

strongly convex posterior margin (Fig. 15). Wide-

spread: Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangsu (Fig.

103) Ramee eePaEe Gna Re ne nr obHosoaadcudes sinense Herman

3. Head dorsally completely without microsculpture

(Fig. 163). Tarsi conspicuously short, approximately

0.6 times as long as width of pronotum. <: sternite

VII with two distinct and large clusters of dense mod-

ified setae (Fig. 164); sternite VIII symmetric, nar-

rowly without pubescence in the middle, and with

broad and shallow posterior excision (Fig. 165);

aedeagus (Figs 166-167) approximately 1.5 mm long,

with symmetric ventral process, and without sclero-

tized spines in internal sac. Y: sternite VIII weakly

produced posteriorly, approximately as long as broad

(Fig. 168); tergite [IX completely divided into two

OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 85

hemitergites. N-Sichuan: mountains to the northwest

OmSone pant (Eis splilhl)) Sees saeeascn ener lentum sp. n.

Head dorsally with microsculpture (sometimes near-

ly obsolete only in the syntopic L. detruncatum). Tar-

si longer, > 0.6 times as long as width of pronotum.

Sexualichanractersidittenentss..seesseeee cat estenee seen 4

S: ventral process of aedeagus distinctly asymmet-

(Cy. cooneadacare ghia Gun mactceN GRC ace Rene eee seen 5

S: ventral process of aedeagus symmetric, at most

weakly asymmetric (ventral process turned slightly

to the left or right in ventral view). .................. 21

3: ventral process of aedeagus apically extending in-

to two or three lobes. Head at least as broad as long.

Species from Daba Shan (including the Micang

Shan). The L. fissispinosum group. ..............0.5+ 6

S: ventral process of aedeagus apically not bi- or

trilobed, except for one species from the environs of

Songpan in northern Sichuan with an oblong head and

a strongly asymmetric male sternite VIII. ......... 14

S: aedeagus with conspicuously long sclerotized

Spineinbintermalisackeeenasn-ceeee eee eee cece: 7

S: aedeagus with dark membranous structures, but

without sclerotized spine in internal sac. ........... 12

Species with or without sexual size dimorphism dis-

tributed in the Micang Shan. Coloration of body

blackishtonibrowmishtesaeecee sec eece-c eee cidectin- +s: 8

Species without sexual size dimorphism distributed

elsewhere in the Daba Shan. Coloration of body

Dplackas heer eence animus eae ae eatin Hagen 10

Larger species with moderately pronounced sexual

size dimorphism; length of forebody: 4.24.5 mm

(3), 3.7-4.3 mm (2). Colour of body blackish. Ely-

tra with coarse and defined punctation. @: sternite VII

with cluster of distinctly modified setae in median im-

pression (Fig. 191); sternite VIII with very distinc-

tive chaetotaxy and with distinct posterior excision

in asymmetric position (Fig. 192); aedeagus approx-

imately 1.5 mm long and shaped as in Figs 193-194.

°: tergite [IX undivided anteriorly (Fig. 197); tergite

X longer than tergite [IX in the middle, but not reach-

ing anterior margin of tergite IX; sternite VIII as in

Fig. 196. Distribution: Fig. 169.

neers spy ek ees aeuiaedl Wnts hire Wat longispinosum sp. n.

Smaller species without apparent sexual size dimor-

phism; length of forebody < 3.5 mm. Colour of body

brownish. Elytra with finer and less defined puncta-

tion. 4: sternite VII without cluster of distinctly mod-

ified setae in median impression; sternite VIII with-

out posterior excision, posterior margin either trun-

cate or convex; with distinct posterior excision in

asymmetric position; aedeagus smaller, approxi-

mately 1.5 mm long, and of different shape. Q: ter-

gite [IX completely divided anteriorly; tergite X reach-

ing anterior margin of tergite IX; sternite VIII of dif-

HORSE SINETOYS, pospohodcbRonuddoucHaenae suas scchocnosnnbe tere 9

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

11.

12?

. Larger species; length of forebody: 4.2-4.7 mm. ¢:

S: sternite VIII with convex posterior margin, approx-

imately as long as broad (Fig. 208); ventral process

of aedeagus with less acute apex in lateral view and

with tooth-like process best visible in ventral view

(Figs 209-210). 2: female sternite VIII more sharply

pointed posteriorly (Fig. 211). Distribution: Fig. 198.

LAME acters Ma da wanenneeta kt crassispinosum sp. n.

¢: sternite VIII with truncate posterior margin, trans-

verse (Fig. 201); ventral process of aedeagus with

more acute apex in lateral view and without tooth-like

process (Figs 202—203). 2: female sternite VIII con-

vexly produced posteriorly (Fig. 204). Distribution:

FORGO 91 ENR Cos an Oe spinigerum sp. Nn.

sternites VII and VHI as in Figs 184-185; aedeagus

larger, 1.8—1.9 mm long, shaped as in Fig. 186 and

with a long curved internal spine. 9: anterior medi-

an portion of tergite [X anteriorly shorter and with

median suture (Fig. 189); sternite VIII as in Fig. 188.

Western Hubei (Fig. 198). ...... curvispinosum sp. n.

Smaller species; length of forebody 3.2-3.9 mm. 2:

shapes and chaetotaxy of sternites VII and VIII dif-

ferent; aedeagus smaller, 1.4—1.5 mm long and with

a long internal spine of different shape. Y: anterior

median portion of tergite [X longer and without me-

dian suture; sternite VIII of different shape. ........ 11

S: sternite VII with more strongly modified setae

(Fig. 172); sternite VIII oblong, in the middle narrow-

ly without modified setae posteriorly (Fig. 173);

aedeagus shaped as in Figs 174-175, ventral process

broad and apically convex in ventral view; internal

spine apically bifid. 2: sternite VIII strongly oblong

and more strongly produced posteriorly (Fig. 176);

anterior median portion of tergite [X shorter. Western

|ehbloves (Qit%, 132) cocoosncescausance fissispinosum sp. n.

S: sternite VII with less distinctly modified setae (Fig.

178); sternite VHUI approximately as long as broad,

median impression with one undivided cluster of

modified setae (Fig. 179); aedeagus shaped as in Figs

180-181, ventral process broad and obliquely acute

in ventral view; internal spine not bifid. Q: sternite

VIII less oblong and with broadly convex posterior

margin (Fig. 182); median portion of tergite [X an-

teriorly shorter. Shaanxi (Fig. 169).

Se Ea eee cee ce Neen esa etic rectispinosum sp. Nn.

Larger species; length of forebody: 3.6-4.1 mm. 3:

sternite VII symmetric (Fig. 217); aedeagus (Figs

218-221) approximately 1.6 mm long and slender,

apical lobes of ventral process of very unequal length,

dorsal lobe very long and with finely serrate margins

ventrally, ventral lobe much shorter and shaped like

a scraper; basal portion of aedeagus small. 9: ante-

rior median portion of tergite IX distinctly shorter

than tergite X, but anteriorly undivided, posterior

processes long and slender (Fig. 223); sternite VII

©ZFMK

Volker Assing

as in Fig. 222. Shaanxi/Sichuan: Micang Shan (Fig.

Die} eee e a hai AMS Se serrilobatum sp. n.

Smaller species; length of forebody 2.9-3.4 mm. 3:

sternites VIII at least weakly asymmetric; aedeagus

more compact and shorter, 1.1—1.2 mm long; ventral

process with shorter, non-serrate apical lobes of dif-

ferent shapes; basal portion of aedeagus not distinct-

ly separated from the remainder of the aedeagal cap-

sule and not conspicuously small. 9: tergite LX com-

pletely divided. Species from more eastern parts of

the: DabayShamne tvs a. Hee oe eee eee 18

. 6: metatibia modified, angularly dilated approximate-

ly in the middle (Fig. 225); sternite VIII in posterior

half with extensive semitransparent median portion

without setae, on either side of this portion with clus-

ter of strongly modified short and stout black setae,

posterior margin convex in the middle (Fig. 228);

aedeagus (Figs 229-230) with ventral process apical-

ly subdivided into three lobes of characteristic

shape; dorsal plate apically not extended into a long

hooked spine. 9: sternite VIII moderately produced

posteriorly, with strongly convex posterior margin

(Fig. 234). Shaanxi/Chongqing (Fig. 198).

Lb SE EER trifidum sp. n.

S: metatibia unmodified; sternite VIII (Fig. 240) in

posterior half without semitransparent portion, on e1-

ther side of the narrowly non-pubescent middle with

a cluster of moderately modified setae, posterior mar-

gin with excision in asymmetric position; aedeagus

(Figs 236-237) with ventral process apically subdi-

vided into two lobes of characteristic shape; dorsal

plate apically extended into a conspicuous long and

hook-shaped spine. : sternite VIII with strongly pro-

duced posterior margin, middle of this projection al-

most truncate (Fig. 242). Western Hubei (Fig. 213).

OSE eRe ORR eRe See ce ieee bifidum sp. n.

Small species, length of forebody 2.5—2.8 mm. Head

at least as broad as long (Fig. 72). Abdomen with rel-

atively sparse punctation. 4: aedeagus slender, with

long and slender, distinctly asymmetric ventral

process, without spine in internal sac (Figs 75—76);

sternite VII unmodified (Fig. 73); sternite VIII very

weakly modified, symmetric, weakly oblong, with

convex posterior margin without median excision,

and with unmodified pubescence (Fig. 74). 2: ante-

rior median portion of tergite [X undivided and short,

distinctly shorter than tergite X; sternite VII oblong,

posterior margin convexly produced in the middle

(Fig. 78). Qinling Shan (Fig. 70).

SRE Cs Tee ania effeminatum sp. Nn.

Similarly small or larger species; if similarly small,

with oblong head and dense punctation of the ab-

domen. : aedeagus with short spine in internal sac;

sternite VIII asymmetric, with (asymmetric) posteri-

or excision, and with modified pubescence; sternite

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

16.

Gee

18.

Lo:

VII modified. 9: tergite [X broadly undivided ante-

riorly and with short posterior processes. The L. gan-

SUCNSE/QTOUP Aaa eee ee eee 15

Smaller species; length of forebody 2.5—2.8 mm. Legs

of pale coloration (usually dark-yellowish). Qinling

Shan (Gansu and Shaanxi provinces). 4: aedeagus

smaller, < 1.1 mm long, with shorter and relatively

broader ventral process, and with apically more or less

wrench-shaped spine in internal sac. ................ 16

Larger species; length of forebody 2.8—3.5 mm. Legs

mostly of darker coloration. 4: aedeagus distinctly

larger, at least 1.2 mm long, with longer and more

slender ventral process, and with mostly forked spine

imintermal:sacit) s/3422 eee ae eat cee ane eee Pere 18

&: sternite VIII strongly asymmetric and with deep-

er posterior excision (Fig. 29); aedeagus with longer

sclerotized spine in internal sac and ventral process

of characteristic shape (Figs 30-31); sternite VII as

in Fig. 28. 2: unknown. Taibai Shan (Shaanxi) (Fig.

GDS 23s Sr Renee declive sp. n.

&: sternite VIII less strongly asymmetric, posterior

margin with broad and asymmetric posterior excision;

sclerotized spine of aedeagus shorter; ventral process

Ofidifferent'shape:-a-ta5.9205. 00 2-ee ee eee 7

3: aedeagus slightly larger, approximately 1.0 mm

long, and with apically convex dorsal plate in dorsal

view (Figs 35—37); sternites VII and VIII as in Figs

33-34. 9: sternite VIII as in Fig. 38. Taibai Shan and

environs (Shaanx1) (Fig. 42).

ils ONS pS aa OS shaanxiense Chen et al.

3: aedeagus slightly smaller, approximately 0.9 mm

long, and with apically spine-like dorsal plate both

in dorsal and in lateral view (Figs 22—23); sternites

VII and VIII as in Figs 20-21. 9: sternite VIII as in

Fig. 25. Environs of Lazikou pass, western Qinling

Shan (Gansu) (Fig. 42). ............ gansuense sp. n.

Coloration paler: forebody reddish; abdomen brown;

legs pale-reddish. 4: sternite VIII and aedeagus as in

Figs 39-41. Shaanxi: Qinling Shan: Taibai Shan.

Bente erst er inoncto erin 5 heteromorphum Chen et al.

Coloration darker: body blackish-brown to blackish;

legs brown to dark-brown. @: sternite VIII of differ-

ent shape and chaetotaxy; aedeagus of different mor-

phology. Mountains in northern Sichuan (environs of

NSO) 1¥°4 01210) RINNE n AaB eS BRAM ACER e SAS Haethcodooccce 19

Head with shallow but distinct microsculpture. 3:

sternite VIII less strongly modified, posterior excision

broad and asymmetric (Fig. 45); aedeagus longer,

1.4-1.5 mm long, with lamellate, bilobed, apically not

acute ventral process (Figs 46-50); sternite VII as in

Fig. 44. 9: sternite VIII more narrowly produced pos-

teriorly (Figs 51-52). Distribution: Fig. 42.

videachas RA Ae Teas eo ea aa tl ee ees biapicale sp. n.

Head with often indistinct and almost obsolete mi-

croreticulation. 4: sternite VIII more strongly mod-

©ZFMK

20.

222

23)

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 87

ified, posterior excision deep, asymmetric and bisin-

uate; aedeagus shorter, approximately 1.2 mm long,

with apically acute and non-bilobed ventral process.

©: sternite VIII less strongly and more broadly pro-

ducedipostenonlyaeernsere nonce nen cena rene: 20

¢: sternite VII more strongly asymmetric, posterior

margin distinctly concave in the middle (Fig. 64);

sternite VIII as in Fig. 65; aedeagus with apically

more slender (ventral view) and narrowly truncate

(lateral view) ventral process (Figs 66-67). 9: ster-

nite VIII only indistinctly oblong, posterior margin

weakly concave in the middle (Fig. 68). Distribution:

Te Ss oh an ere a at brevisternale sp. n.

S: sternite VII less strongly asymmetric, posterior

margin weakly concave in the middle (Fig. 56); ster-

nite VIII as in Fig. 57; aedeagus with apically broad-

er (ventral view) and acute (lateral view) ventral

process (Figs 58-59). 9: sternite VIII distinctly ob-

long, posterior margin convexly produced in the mid-

dle (Fig. 61). Distribution: Fig. 18.

noondoot dao ALERT aRac an aeR An Smee detruncatum sp. n.

Pronotum broad, approximately 1.2 times as long as

broad (Fig. 243). Rather small species; length of fore-

body: 2.9-3.1 mm. Coloration of body brown. 2:

aedeagus with relatively short and bisinuate (lateral

view) ventral process (Figs 246-247); sternites VII

and VIII distinctly modified (Figs 244-245). 9: ter-

gite IX completely divided in the middle; tergite X

reaching anterior margin of tergite [X; sternite VII

shaped as in Fig. 248. Western Hubei: Daba Shan

(Fi; 213), Sonn naddeteiaoouncepeeceHneaae aquilinum sp. n.

Pronotum more slender, at least approximately 1.25

times as long as broad. Coloration of body often dark-

er. J: aedeagus with relatively longer and more or less

curved (lateral view) ventral process; sternites VII and

VIII usually more weakly modified. Y: anterior me-

dian portion of tergite [X undivided in the middle, at

least nearly as long as tergite X; tergite X not reach-

ing anterior margin of tergite [X. The L. varisternale

species group. Unknown from western Hubei. ..... 22

S: ventral process of aedeagus apically strongly

MOOKE MG aN SUM Hare weaeead se Maa Nelosslecidele sale sachet 23

3: ventral process of aedeagus not hooked apically.

Re Ea eee eae ee ne aicetccaneAtsieden bade 24

Larger species with pronounced sexual size dimor-

phism; length of forebody 3.6-4.0 mm (4), 3.2—3.5

mm (9). 3: aedeagus larger, 1.4-1.5 mm long and

more strongly sclerotized, shaped as in Figs 90-91;

sternite VIII with distinct and deep posterior excision,

and with distinctly modified pubescence (Fig. 89);

sternite VII as in Fig. 88. 9: sternite VIII as in Fig.

92; apex of abdomen with conspicuous dark amor-

phous structure in ventral view (Fig. 93). Western

@inlingShan\(Fig7/0) see seco biforme sp. n.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

24.

VES,

26.

28.

Smaller species without sexual size dimorphism;

length of forebody 3.0-3.5 mm. ¢: ventral process

smaller, approximately 1.3 mm long, and less strong-

ly sclerotized (Fig. 159); sternite VIII weakly modi-

fied, with very small posterior excision and with

weakly modified pubescence (Fig. 160); sternite VII

as in Fig. 158. Q: sternite VIII as in Fig. 161; apex

of abdomen without conspicuous dark amorphous

structure in ventral view. Mountains to the southeast

Gfongnan (igell lire eas inflexum sp. Nn.

Body usually blackish, rarely dark-brown. ¢: ventral

process of aedeagus more or less sickle-shaped (ex-

ception: L. varisternale). 2: abdominal apex ventral-

ly with more or less strongly sclerotized amorphous

sclerite. Qinling Shan: Gansu and SW-Shaanxi (west

Ofel ORS OsEWOngitUdeS) Meee macys ecto cee einecs 25

Coloration of body brown to dark-brown. @: ventral

process weakly curved and not distinctly com-

pressed laterally (not sickle-shaped) or conspicuous-

ly straight. 9: abdominal apex ventrally without dis-

tinctly sclerotized amorphous sclerite. Species of

more eastern distribution (Shaanxi), absent from Gan-

SUMP eRE cri tee MRE. Solu h wkend LEN interlaced tae, 28

3: ventral process of aedeagus longer, more slender,

and not distinctly sickle-shaped (Fig. 84); sternites VII

and VIII as in Figs 80-83. 9: sternite VIII as in Fig.

86. Qinling Shan: Shaanxi (Fig. 70).

Mss Nersy tartar Papal vei tele ots says sve ecns varisternale sp. n.

3: ventral process of aedeagus shorter, less slender

in lateral view, and somewhat sickle-shaped. Species

distributed imiGansulc sas. ce eee e en oacee nace enoniece 26

S: sternite VII with indistinctly concave posterior

margin (Fig. 106); sternite VIII with ill-defined clus-

ters of not very dense black setae on either side of the

narrowly non-pubescent middle (Fig. 107); aedeagus

as in Fig. 108. Q: sternite VIII as in Fig. 109. Min

Shani Ghia ec meenee we cee eet minicum sp. n.

&: sternite VII with distinctly concave posterior mar-

gin; sternite VIII with more defined clusters of denser

black setae on either side of the middle; aedeagus with

ventral process of different shape. Western Qinling

SAMA Ree ee a toe ee a NII bares 2

S: ventral process of aedeagus longer and more

strongly curved in lateral view (Fig. 97); sternites VII

and VIII as in Figs 95-96. Q: sternite VIII almost

acutely produced posteriorly (Fig. 98). Distribution:

Big G70), SAE Geihaseee cee. Ueadenen ss lunatum sp. n.

&: ventral process of aedeagus shorter and less strong-

ly curved in lateral view (Fig. 103); sternites VII and

VIII as in Figs 101-102. 9: unknown. Distribution:

Oe Tela oak Neh aes ts I ge falcatum sp. n.

3: apical half of ventral process of aedeagus conspic-

uously straight, slender, and acute in lateral view; ster-

©ZFMK

88 Volker Assing

nite VIII with pubescence in the middle and with

rather deep posterior excision. 9: unknown. Qinling

Shan: environs of Huoditang.

HR Be ERIS ARN, Bi ain el mawenliae Peng & Li

— &: ventral process of aedeagus curved in lateral view;

sternite VII narrowly without pubescence at least in

posterior half and with smaller posterior excision.

aes ate eR Ah ev eS RN 0 29

29. &: sternite VIII as in Fig. 150, narrowly non-pubes-

cent only in posterior half; postero-median impres-

sion of sternite VII without setae in the middle (Fig.

149); aedeagus shaped as in Figs 151-154. 9: tergite

VUI with weakly concave posterior margin; tergite X

roof-shaped, 1.e., distinctly angled in cross-section,

distinctly shorter than tergite [IX in the middle (Fig.

156); sternite VIII shaped as in Fig. 155. Tergite

VUI with sexual dimorphism. Distribution: Fig. 169.

PC Ren ac PAC nese deren dcearornes tectiforme sp. n.

— : sternites VII and VIII of different chaetotaxy;

aedeagus with ventral process of slightly different

shape, dorsal plate often with less pronounced basal

portion. 9: posterior margin of tergite VIII truncate

to weakly convex; tergite X not roof-shaped in cross-

section, strongly convex at most, and in most species

relatively lomgericteneseee scores eeccneee abee 30

30. Body of reddish to pale reddish-brown coloration. 3:

sternites VII and VIII narrowly non-pubescent in the

middle (Figs 120-121); sternite VIII with almost ob-

solete posterior excision and with rather defined clus-

ter of black setae on either side of middle (Fig. 121);

aedeagus relatively small, approximately 1.0 mm

long, apical and basal portion of dorsal plate not form-

ing a distinct angle in lateral view (Fig. 122). 9: ter-

gite X approximately as long as tergite IX in the mid-

dle, or slightly shorter; sternite VIII moderately pro-

duced posteriorly (Fig. 124). Distribution: Fig. 42.

BARR etre gay A EN ee sociabile sp. n.

— Body in mature specimens of more or less dark-brown

coloration. @: sternites VII and VIII of different

chaetotaxy; aedeagus with ventral process and dor-

sal plate of different shape. 9: sternite VIII often more

produced posteniorlyss--1 eee 31

31. J: aedeagus (Figs 129-132) larger, 1.4—-1.5 mm long,

with long and slender ventral process; basal portion

of dorsal plate distinctly sclerotized, relatively long,

and forming a distinct angle with apical portion in lat-

eral view; sternites VII and VII as in Figs 126-128.

°: tergite X shorter than tergite [X in the middle; ster-

nite VII approximately 1.2 mm long, strongly and

narrowly produced posteriorly (Figs 133-135). Dis-

tribution: Rio wile ne eeasaees brevitergale sp. n.

— &: aedeagus smaller, approximately 1.3 mm long at

most and with less slender ventral process in lateral

view; dorsal plate mostly relatively shorter, less

strongly sclerotized and forming a more obtuse an-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

gle, or no angle at all, with apical portion in lateral

view; sternites VII and VIII of slightly different

chaetotaxy. 9: tergite X at least approximately as long

as tergite [X in the middle; sternite VIII less strong-

ly and narrowly produced posteriorly. ............... 82

32. 4: aedeagus with ventral process basally stouter; dor-

sal plate without distinct basal portion (Figs 115—117);

sternites VII and VIII as in Figs 113-114. 9: tergite

X slightly longer than tergite [X in the middle; ster-

nite VIII approximately 1.0 mm long, shaped as in

Fig. 118. Hua Shan (Fig. 111). ........ huaense sp. n.

— 4: aedeagus with ventral process more slender basal-

ly; dorsal plate with distinct basal portion. 9: tergite

X approximately as long as tergite IX in the middle.

Distribution'more| westemseeee2-- ease eee eee 33

33. ¢: ventral process slightly shorter than basal portion

of aedeagus, basal portion of dorsal plate more strong-

ly sclerotized and forming an obtuse angle with api-

cal portion (Fig. 139); posterior impression of stern-

ite VII without setae in the middle (Fig. 137); ster-

nite VIII with more defined cluster of black setae on

either side of middle (Fig. 138). Q: sternite VII as

in Fig. 141. Distribution: Fig. 70.

SSNS ee RO brevilobatum sp. n.

— G4: ventral process approximately as long as basal por-

tion of aedeagus, basal portion of dorsal plate weak-

ly sclerotized and not forming an angle with apical

portion (Fig. 145); posterior impression of sternite VII

with setae in the middle (Fig. 143); sternite VIII with

less defined cluster of black setae on either side of

middle (Fig. 144). 9: sternite VIII as in Fig. 147. Dis-

tributionsFiga 425 eas. cee concameratum sp. n.

AN ADDITIONAL RECORD OF LATHROBIUM

FROM CHINA

Lathrobium wuesthoffi Koch, 1939

Material examined. China: 14 exs., Beijing, Yan Shan,

Dongling Mts., Xiaolongmen, 1400 m, 15.-16.VI.2001,

leg. Hlavaé & Cooter (cAss, cSch); 3 exs., Hebei/Nei

Mongol, pass Chengde-Chifeng, “41.6N 118.2E”,

30.-31.V.2002, leg. Turna (NHMW, cAss). Russia: 2 exs.,

Ussuri mountain range, Nikolsk Ussuriysk, leg. Mandl

(NHMW, cAss); | ex., Birskoye, 26.VI.1958 (NHMW);

1 ex., Ussuri, Maritime Territory, Dove Hill near Hasan,

5.—8.VII.1990, leg. Kasantsev (NHMB).

Comment. The above specimens from Beijing and

Hebei/Nei Mongol represent the first records from Chi-

na. The aedeagus of one of the males from Beying is ter-

atologically malformed. For illustrations of the aedeagus

see Koch (1939b).

©OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 89

CHECKLIST OF THE LATHROBIUM SPECIES

OF MAINLAND CHINA AND TAIWAN

Including the newly described species, Lathrobium is now

represented in mainland China by 89 and in Taiwan by 13

described species.

Five species, L. fulvipenne Gravenhorst, 1806, L.

kobense Sharp, 1874, L. lineatocolle Scriba, 1859, L.

monilicorne Sharp, 1889, and L. pollens Sharp, 1889, are

excluded from the Lathrobium fauna of China and omit-

ted from the checklist. Previous records of these species

from Chinese territory are most likely based on misiden-

tifications and confusion with externally similar species,

e.g., L. fulvipenne and L. lineatocolle with L. wuesthoffi

and/or L. dignum. Lathrobium kobense, L. monilicorne,

and L. pollens were all described from Japan, and their

records from China are based neither on a revision of types

nor on a study of the male sexual characters. Moreover,

Lathrobium pollens is a micropterous and probably local-

ly endemic species.

Lathrobium sinense was recently doubtfully recorded al-

so from Yunnan (Hua 2002, Peng et al. 2012a). How-

ever, since the type material of L. sinense had not been

revised, it seems most unlikely that the material was iden-

tified correctly. At present, the species has reliably been

recorded only from Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, and

Jiangsu.

Table 1. Checklist of the Lathrobium species of mainland China and Taiwan.

Species

Distribution in mainland China and Taiwan

acutissimum Peng, Li & Zhao, 2012

ailaoshanense Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

alesi Assing, 2010

alishanum Assing, 2010

anmaicum Assing, 2010

aokii Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

aquilinum sp. Nn.

baihualingense Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

baishanzuense Peng & Li, 2012

aizuorum Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

biapicale sp. n.

bifidum sp. n.

biforme sp. n.

brevilobatum sp. n.

brevisternale sp. n.

brevitergale sp. n.

concameratum sp. Nn.

cooteri Watanabe, 1999

crassispinosum sp. N.

curvispinosum sp. N.

cylindricum Bernhauer, 1938

dabeiense Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

daliense Watanabe & Xiao, 1994

daocongchaoi Peng & Li, 2012

dayaoshanense Peng & Li, 2012

declive sp. n.

detruncatum sp. Nn.

dignum Sharp, 1874

effeminatum sp. n.

extraculum Assing, 2010

falcatum sp. n.

fissispinosum sp. 0.

follitum Assing, 2010

fujianense Peng & Li, 2012

gansuense Sp. N.

guizhouense Chen, Li & Zhao, 2005

hailuogouense Peng, Li & Zhao, 2012

heteromorphum Chen, Li & Zhao, 2005

houhuanicum Assing, 2010

huaense sp. n.

hunanense Watanabe, 2011

imadatei Watanabe, 1992

immanissimum Peng & Li, 2012

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Sichuan: Jiajin Shan

Yunnan: Ailao Shan

Taiwan: Hsueh Shan

Taiwan: Alishan

Taiwan: Anmashan

Yunnan: Diancang Shan

Shaanxi: Daba Shan

Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan

Zhejiang: Baishanzu

Yunnan: Diancang Shan

Sichuan: Songpan envy.

Hubei: Daba Shan

Gansu: Qinling Shan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Sichuan: Min Shan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Zhejiang: Linglong Shan

Shaanxi/Sichuan: Micang Shan

Hubei: Daba Shan

Jiangsu: Chinkiang

Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan

Yunnan: Diancang Shan

Fujian: Wuyi Shan

Guangxi: Dayaoshan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan: Taibai Shan

Sichuan: Songpan env.

Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Gansu?, Shaanx1?

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Taiwan: Peitawushan

Gansu: Qinling Shan

Hubei: Daba Shan

Taiwan: Peitawushan

Fujian: Junzifeng Shan

Gansu: Qinling Shan

Guizhou: Fanjing Shan

Sichuan: Gongga Shan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Taiwan: Houhuanshan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan: Hua Shan

Hunan: Zhangjiacao

Zhejiang: Wuyanling

Zhejiang: Baishanzu

©ZFMK

Volker Assing

Table 1. Checklist of the Lathrobium species of mainland China and Taiwan (continued).

Species

Distribution in mainland China and Taiwan

inflexum sp. n.

involutum Assing, 2010

ishiianum Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

itohi Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

Jingyuetanicum Li & Chen, 1990

jiulongshanense Peng & Li, 2012

Jizushanense Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

kishimotoi Watanabe, 2011

labahense Peng, Li & Zhao, 2012

lentum sp. n.

lijiangense Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

lingae Peng, Li & Zhao, 2012

lobrathiforme Assing, 2012

lobrathioides Assing, 2012

longispinosum sp. n.

longwangshanense Peng, Li & Zhao, 2012

lunatum sp. n.

maoershanense Peng & Li, 2012

mawenliae Peng & Li, 2013

miaoershanum Watanabe, 2011

minicum sp. Nn.

naxii Watanabe & Xiao, 1996

nenkaoicum Assing, 2010

obstipum Peng & Li, 2012

pilosum Peng & Li, 2012

proprium Peng & Li, 2012

rectispinosum sp. N.

rougemonti Watanabe, 1999

semistriatum Scheerpeltz, 1962

serrilobatum sp. Nn.

shaanxiense Chen, Li & Zhao, 2005

shaolaiense Watanabe, 1998

shengtangshanense Peng & Li, 2012

sheni Peng & Li, 2012

shuheii Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

sinense Herman, 2003

= chinense Bernhauer, 1938

sociabile sp. n.

spinigerum sp. Nn.

tamurai Watanabe, 1992

tangi Peng & Li, 2012

tarokoense Assing, 2010

tectiforme sp. Nn.

tianmushanense Watanabe, 1999

trifidum sp. n.

tsuifengense Watanabe, 2005

uncum Peng, Li & Zhao, 2012

utriculatum Assing, 2010

varisternale sp. n.

watanabei Schiilke, 2002

wuesthoffi Koch, 1939

xiei Watanabe & Xiao, 2000

yvasutoshii Watanabe, 2005

yinae Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

yulongense Peng & Li, 2012

yunnanum Watanabe & Xiao, 1994

zhangdinghengi Peng, Li & Zhao, 2012

zhangi Watanabe & Xiao, 1997

zhaotiexiongi Peng, Li & Zhao, 2012

zhujiangingi Peng & Li, 2012

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 30-91

Gansu: mountains SE Longnan

Taiwan: Hseuhshan

Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan

Jilin: Jingyuetan

Zhejiang: Jiulong Shan

Yunnan: Jizu Shan

Hunan: Zhangjiacao

Sichuan: Labahe

Sichuan: Songpan env.

Yunnan: Yulongxue Shan

Zhejiang: Longwang Shan

Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan

Chongqing: Jinfo Shan

Shaanxi/Sichuan: Micang Shan

Zhejiang: Longwang Shan

Gansu: Qinling Shan

Guangxi: Maoer Shan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Guangxi: Maoer Shan

Gansu: Min Shan

Yunnan: Yulongxue Shan

Taiwan: Nenkaoshan

Zhejiang: Baishanzu

Guangxi: Maoer Shan

Shaanxi: Daba Shan

Zhejiang: Tianmu Shan

Shandong: Tai Shan

Shaanxi/Sichuan: Micang Shan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Taiwan: Ta-hstieh Shan

Guangxi: Shengtang Shan

Zhejiang: Jiulong Shan

Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan

Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangsu

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Shaanxi: Micang Shan

Zhejiang: Wuyanling

Zhejiang: Baishanzu

Taiwan: Taroko N. R.

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Zhejiang: Tianmu Shan, Longwang Shan

Shaanxi/Chongqing: Daba Shan

Taiwan: Tsuifeng

Zhejiang: Longwang Shan

Taiwan: Peinantashan

Shaanxi: Qinling Shan

Sichuan: Daxue Shan

Beiying; Hebei/Nei Mongol

Yunnan: Gaoligong Shan

Taiwan: Lishan

Yunnan: Yulongxue Shan

Yunnan: Diancang Shan: Laohu Shan

Guangxi: Huaping Nature Reserve

Yunnan: Jizu Shan

Zhejiang: Jiulong Shan, Majian

Guangxi: Maoer Shan

©OZFMK

The Lathrobium fauna of the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 9]

Acknowledgements. I am indebted to the colleagues indicated

in the material section for the loan of specimens from their re-

spective collections, particularly to Michael Schiilke and Ales

Smetana for the generous gift of the holotypes of L. falcatum

and L. declive, respectively. Moreover, I am most grateful to

Zhong Peng (Shanghai) for making an unpublished manuscript

containing descriptions of several species from the Qinling Shan

available to me to avoid overlap, for providing additional type

specimens of three newly described species, for his comments

on an earlier version of the manuscript, as well as for the gen-

erous and most helpful gift of paratypes of several previously

described Lathrobium species. Lee H. Herman (New York) cross-

checked the new names with his unpublished catalogue of Paed-

erinae. Benedikt Feldmann (Minster) and Zhong Peng proof-

read the manuscript.

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rungsproblematik ostchinesischer Gebirge. Erdkunde 47: 131—

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Watanabe Y (1991a) New species of the group of Lathrobium

pollens (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Shikoku, Japan. Jour-

nal of the Speleological Society of Japan 16: 29-37

Watanabe Y (1991b) Four new species of the group of Lathro-

bium harimanum (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Japan. Bul-

letin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 17

(3): 145-156

Watanabe Y (1997) Four new species of the Lathrobium

brachypterum group (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from

Hokuriku District, Japan. Elytra, Tokyo 25 (1): 135-146

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bium (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Yunnan, Southwest

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west China. Tokai University Press: 179-196

©ZFMK

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 92-99

May 2013

New fossil species of Ragas Walker (Diptera: Empididae) in Baltic amber

(Tertiary, Eocene)

Bradley J. Sinclair’ & Christel Hoffeins’

’ Canadian National Collection of Insects and Ottawa Plant Laboratory — Entomology, CFIA, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960

Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada KIA 0C6; E-mail: bradley.sinclair@inspection.gc.ca; ’ Liseistieg 10, D-22149 Hamburg,

Germany, E-mail: chw.hoffeins@googlemail.com.

Abstract. Five species of Ragas from Baltic amber are described (R. baltica sp. nov., R. electrica sp. nov., R. eocenica

sp. nov. R. succinea-sp. nov., R. ulrichi sp. nov.). These are the first definitive fossil species of Ragas described. A key

to species is provided and relationships of the fossil taxa to extant species are discussed.

Key words. Diptera, Empididae, Ragas, new species, Baltic amber.

INTRODUCTION

Ragas Walker (Diptera: Empididae) is a small, rarely col-

lected genus, and includes six described extant species

(Sinclair & Saigusa 2001). Ragas is assigned to a primi-

tive empidoid clade (Ragas group), which also includes

Zanclotus Wilder, Dipsomyia Bezzi, Hydropeza Sinclair,

and Hormopeza Zetterstedt (Sinclair 1999; Sinclair &

Cumming 2006). Support for the monophyly of this genus

group is based on the apomorphic similarities of the phal-

lus, a stout and posteriorly arched labrum present in at least

females, and an apical epipharyngeal comb (Sinclair

1999). This clade was assigned as incertae sedis within

the family Empididae (Sinclair & Cumming 2006), but

was not raised to subfamily level due to uncertainties con-

cerning the definition of the Empididae. In molecular phy-

logenetic studies, the genus Hormopeza was assigned

along with several other genera as sister to the remaining

Empididae (Moulton & Wiegmann 2007).

Adults of the European species, R. unica Walker, have

been observed clustered and mating on tree trunks, about

one metre above the ground (Collin 1961; Qvick 1985).

These observations were made in a small hardwood wood-

lot, surrounded by cultivated fields, lawns and gardens

(Qvick 1985). This tree trunk behaviour likely explains

why the empidid species described in the present study

have been found in Baltic amber.

A first fossil species of Ragas in Baltic amber (Ragas

generosa) was described by Meunier (1908), but this

species was subsequently transferred to a possible new

genus (Sinclair & Saigusa 2001). In the revision of extant

species of Ragas, Sinclair & Saigusa (2001) briefly men-

tioned the discovery of two congeneric species from Baltic

amber. In this study these species, along with additional

material of species of Ragas in amber, are described and

Received: 14.02.2013

Accepted: 11.03.2013

illustrated. These specimens represent the first definitive

fossil species of Ragas and their relationships to extant

species are discussed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The pieces will be deposited in the amber collection of

Dr. Hans Ulrich at the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum

A. Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, Germany and the Hoffeins am-

ber collection (CCHH) of the Senckenberg Deutsches En-

tomologisches Institut (SDEI), Mincheberg, Germany.

Amber pieces in the Hoffeins collection with Ragas in-

clusions were selected from material purchased from dif-

ferent sources over a period of 20 years. Dr. Ulrich ob-

tained amber specimens exclusively from Dr. Andrey

Krylov (Sea Venture Bureau Ltd., Kaliningrad, Russia)

who offered inclusions sorted to Empidoidea.

Amber pieces from the ZFMK collection were prepared

for identification as follows: the amber was cut and pol-

ished using an IsoMet® Low Speed Saw (Buehler, Lake

Bluff, Illinois, USA) cutting machine and a Phoenix” Be-

ta Grinder-Polisher (Buehler) polishing machine with SiC

grinding paper for metallography, grit 800, 1200 and 2500,

Microcut” Abrasive Paper (Buehler) plain backing P 4000,

and paperboard. To protect holotype of the new species

the piece was embedded in synthetic resin Araldite® 2020

(XW396/X W397) (Huntsman Advanced Materials, Ever-

berg, Belgium) (Sinclair 2010). Specimens from the Hof-

feins collection were treated in a similar way and embed-

ded in GTS-polyester resin (Voss Chemie) (Hoffeins

2001).

Corresponding editor: N. Dorchin

New fossil species of Ragas in Baltic amber 93

Photographs (Figs 2—4) were taken with a Nikon

Coolpix 4500 digital camera attached to Wild M3Z and

Leica DMLS stereo-microscopes. Photographs were ed-

ited with IrfanView and Photoshop. Photographs (Figs 1,

5, 6) were taken with a Canon EOS 40D digital camera

using a 65mm |—5x macro lens and ring LED lighting.

Multiple images were staked and montaged using Auto-

Montage by Syncroscopy and edited with Photoshop.

Terms used for adult structures follow McAlpine

(1981), Stuckenberg (1999 — antennae), and Saigusa (2006

— wing venation). In the system outlined by Saigusa

(2006), the dipteran vein A, (as used in McAlpine 1981)

is homologized with the mecopteran CuP, and consequent-

ly CuA, (of McAlpine) is termed My, CuA, is CuA, the

anal cell is cell cua, and the anal vein (A,;+CuA,) is

CuP+CuA. Homologies of the male terminalia follow Sin-

clair and Cumming (2006).

Genus Ragas Walker

Ragas Walker, 1837: 229. Type-species: Ragas unica

Walker (monotypy).

Rhagas Agassiz, 1847: 320. Unjustified emendation.

Diagnosis. Ragas is defined by short spine-like setae on

the postgena, fore coxa and trochanter, recurved labrum,

and subapical laterally projected surstylus (Sinclair & Sai-

gusa 2001).

Ragas baltica sp. nov. (Figs 7, 8)

Type material. Holotype female in Baltic amber, with fol-

lowing label data: “HOLOTYPE/ Ragas/ baltica/ Sinclair

& Hoffeins”; “CCHH 1458-2” (SDEI).

Amber with inclusion embedded in a rectangular poly-

ester block 16x10x4 mm; inclusion badly preserved, left

side totally milky, wings in resin layer, venation partly ob-

scured, surface of body lacerated and thus chaetotaxy of

mesonotum difficult to detect. Syninclusion: stellate hair.

Recognition. This species is distinctive with four setae

near the base of the fore femur.

Description. Female. Body length 2.4 mm, wing length

approximately 2.5 mm. Head: Dark brown. Dichoptic,

bare. Frons at inner margin of eye with three setulae; ocel-

lar triangle dorsal, with pair of short anterior ocellar se-

tae and shorter and weaker posterior pair; two long ver-

tical setae; occiput with scattered short setae Postgena

with cluster of black, spine-like setae. Proboscis with

labrum strongly bent backwards, as long as width of eye,

with tip nearly touching fore coxa. Antennal postpedicel

bulbous and tapered apically (Fig. 7), stylus 2-segment-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 92-99

ed with short, apical sensillum; length of stylus two-thirds

length of postpedicel. Thorax: Dark brown. Two noto-

pleurals, one supra-alar, one postalar, acrostichals present,

seven dorsocentrals, anterior setae stronger and longer than

posterior setae; apical setae on scutellum visible. Wing:

Radial fork present, V-shaped. Legs: Brown. Anterior face

of fore coxa with rows of irregularly arranged, strong,

erect black setae of nearby equal length; trochanter with

ten strong, black spine-like setae, varying in length, low-

ermost longer than width of femur; fore femur with four

stout setae near base, of equal length, as long as width of

femur (Fig. 8), 4th seta shorter than preceding, apex slight-

ly bent downwards; fore tibia with row of anterior and pos-

terior short setae, bent downwards, and with interadjacent

erect micro-setulae; mid and hind femora lacking outstand-

ing setae; mid tibia with short, regularly arranged setae;

hind tibia with row of anterior and posterior short setae,

bent downwards, and with interadjacent erect micro-se-

tulae. Apical tibial comb present on fore and hind tibiae.

Terminalia: Obscured by wings.

Etymology. The specific name is in reference to the geo-

graphic origin of the amber species, the Baltic region.

Remarks. This female specimen in Baltic amber is ap-

parently not conspecific with any known species, recog-

nized by the spine-like setae of the postgena, fore coxa

and fore femur, and V-shaped radial fork. Describing a

new species based on a single female is problematic. The

chances of discovering a male with the same combination

of characters present as in the female are a matter of co-

incidence. If a male is discovered in the future, with cer-

tainty the diagnostic feature of four distinct setae on the

fore femur will be present.

Ragas electrica sp. nov. (Figs 1, 9, 10)

Type material. Holotype male in Baltic amber, with fol-

lowing label data: “HOLOTYPE/ Ragas/ electrica/ Sin-

clair & Hoffeins”; “CNC DIPTERA/ #12255” (ZFMK).

Paratype: | female, #12256 (ZFMK).

Holotype embedded in 6.5x6.4x4 mm block; milky coat-

ing on right side partly obscuring thorax and terminalia.

Female paratype embedded in 6x6x4 mm block; in good

condition, except air bubble on right side partially obscur-

ing posterior region of head, thorax and anterior segments

of abdomen.

Recognition. This species is distinguished by dichoptic

male, stylus two-thirds length of postpedicel, auxiliary

crossvein between Ry and R,,3 lacking, wing with well

developed and rounded anal lobe, fore femur with three

basal setae, male mid femur with two long ventral setae,

male terminalia enlarged, broader than abdomen and held

upright.

©OZFMK

94 Bradley J. Sinclair & Christel Hoffeins

Figs 1-6. Habitus and male terminalia photographs of Baltic amber species of Ragas. 1. R. electrica, male. 2. R. succinea,

female. 3. R. eocenica, male. 4. R. eocenica, male terminalia. 5. R. ulrichi, male, right side. 6. R. ulrichi, male, left side.

Scale bar = 1.0 mm, except Fig. 4 where scale bar = 0.25 mm.

New fossil species of Ragas in Baltic amber 95

Description. Wing length 1.9—2.3 mm. Male. Head: Dark

brown. Dichoptic, bare; upper facets not enlarged. Frons

very broadly V-shaped; lacking setulae. Ocellar triangle

dorsal, with pair of short ocellar setae and posterior pair

lacking; upper postocular setae similar in size to ocellar

setae. Postgenal spine-like setae present. Postpedicel with

bulbous base, 2x length of base; stylus broad, approxi-

mately two-thirds length of postpedicel. Proboscis view

obscured. Antennal postpedicel bulbous and tapering api-

cally, stylus 2-segmented with short apical sensillum (Fig.

9); stylus nearly two-thirds length of postpedicel, 2™ seg-

ment more than twice length of 1‘ segment. Thorax: Dark

brown. Mesonotal setae mostly short and inconspicuous;

acrostichals ? uniserial; 7—8 uniserial dorsocentral setae,

prescutellar seta long and stout; one short postpronotal se-

ta; several short presutural supra-alar setae; one long and

stout upper notopleural seta; one postalar seta; two pairs

scutellar setae, apical pair longest. Wing: Pigmentation

and cloudiness not visible; anal lobe well developed,

broadly rounded. Radial fork V-shaped, branching near

mid-length of Mj; auxiliary crossvein between Ry and

R543 lacking; cell dm broad, extended apically less than

half length of cell. Apex of cell cua slightly rounded; anal

vein (CuP + CuA) obscured. Pterostigma not visible. Hal-

ter light brown. Legs: Light brown. Anterior face of fore

coxa with at least six long, erect spine-like setae. An-

teroventral and ventral face of fore trochanter with some

eight long, erect spine-like setae, several longer than se-

tae on base of fore femur. Fore femur with three stout, an-

teroventral setae near base (assumed one seta lost on left

femur), after which femur slightly attenuated, setae near-

ly subequal to width of femur. Mid femur with two stout

posteroventral setae beyond midlength, 1.5—2.0x longer

than width of femur. Mid tibia lacking modified setae op-

posite seta on femur. Terminalia (Fig. 10): Held upright,

broader than width of abdomen, unrotated. Hypandrium

subequal in length to epandrium. Phallus long and mem-

branous, projecting beyond terminalia along ventral mar-

gin of hypandrium. Epandrium U-shaped, lamella broad

laterally with broad apex. Cercus view obscured.

Female. Similar to male, except lacking stout setae on

mid femur. Terminalia: cercus short, slender, shorter than

preceding segment.

Etymology. The specific name is from the Greek nMAé-

KTpov Elektron (amber).

Remarks. The relationship of this species to other species

of Ragas is unknown. The details of the male terminalia

are not sufficient to make comparisons.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 92-99

Ragas eocenica sp. nov. (Figs 3, 4, 11, 12)

Type material. Holotype male in Baltic amber, with fol-

lowing label data: “HOLOTYPE/ Ragas/ eocenica/ Sin-

clair & Hoffeins”; “CCHH 1622-1” (SDEI).

Amber with inclusion embedded in a rectangular poly-

ester block 14x9x5 mm. The amber piece was treated in

autoclave under high pressure and heating, thus body and

legs of the inclusion are shrunken and somewhat com-

pressed laterally, cuticle partly destroyed, setae of head and

thorax are visible just from lateral view, main diagnostic

features not modified by autoclave treatment (Hoffeins

2012). Syninclusion: stellate hairs.

Recognition. This species is distinguished by dichoptic

males, elongate and narrow wing, long and V-shaped ra-

dial fork, stylus nearly subequal in length to postpedicel,

and spine-like setae on the fore coxa lacking.

Description. Male. Body length 1.7 mm, wing length 2.2

mm, width 1.6 mm. Head: Dark brown. Dichoptic, bare,

anterior facets slightly enlarged; frons at vertex broader

than above antenna, with lateral eye emargination above

antenna. Frons at inner margin of eye with 3-4 setulae;

ocellar triangle dorsal, with pair of short posterior and

longer anterior ocellar setae; two long vertical setae; oc-

ciput with scattered long setae. Postgena with cluster of

black, spine-like setae. Proboscis and labrum arched, about

as long as height of head. Antennal postpedicel bulbous

and tapering apically, stylus 2-segmented with short api-

cal sensillum (Fig. 11); stylus nearly subequal in length

to postpedicel, 2": segment 2.5x longer than 1 segment.

Thorax: Dark brown. Mesonotal setae short and incon-

spicuous, approximately 7—8 dorsocentrals, scutellum with

one pair of apical setae. Wing: Auxiliary crossvein be-

tween Ry and R>,3 absent; radial fork long and V-shaped

(Fig. 3). Anal lobe narrow; anal vein (CuP + CuA) long,

ending at end of wing margin. Pterostigma overlapping

R,. Halter brown. Legs: Brown. Anterior face of fore coxa

without spine-like setae; trochanter with six spine-like se-

tae, varying in length; fore femur with two (antero)ven-

tral setae near base, of equal length, nearly as long as width

of femur, mid femur with one stout, black posterior spine-

like seta near apex, 2—3x longer than width of femur (legs

shrunken, thus exact comparison not reliable). Fore and

hind tibiae with rows of anterior and posterior short se-

tae, bent downwards and with interadjacent erect micro-

setulae, setae on mid tibia inconspicuous. Apical tibial

comb present on fore and hind tibiae. Terminalia (Figs

4, 12): Held upright, unrotated. Hypandrium longer than

epandrium. Epandrium slender with arched apex; at least

three anterior pairs of long setae, posterior part with sev-

eral shorter, stronger and apically arched setae. Cercus

with strongly sclerotized bifid tip. Phallic comprising slen-

der filaments with coiled apex. Female. Unknown.

©ZFMK

96 Bradley J. Sinclair & Christel Hoffeins

Figs 7-12. 7. Ragas baltica, antenna, female. 8. R. baltica, female foreleg. 9. R. electrica, antenna, female. 10. R. electrica, ma-

le terminalia. 11. R. eocenica, antenna, male. 12. R. eocenica, male terminalia. Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; epand — epandrium;

hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Etymology. The specific name is in reference to the

Eocene age of the amber species.

Remarks. Ragas eocenica appears to possess slender

phallic filaments, also observed in the extant species, R.

circinata Sinclair & Saigusa.

Ragas succinea sp. nov. (Figs 2, 13—15)

Type material. Holotype male and paratype female in

Baltic amber, with following label data: “HOLOTYPE/

Ragas/ succinea/ Sinclair & Hoffeins”; “CCHH 1458-1”

(SDEI).

Amber with inclusions embedded in a rectangular poly-

ester block 17x10x4 mm; abdomen in a decayed condi-

tion, distal segments of abdomen densely covered by fun-

gi hyphen; lateral and dorsal views obscured by multi-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 92-99

sized air bubbles. Syninclusions: female, right side

slightly obscured by milky veil; stellate hairs.

Recognition. This species is distinguished by Ry,5 un-

branched, four spine-like ventral setae near the base of the

fore femur and spine-like setae of the postgena lacking.

Description. Male. Body length 3.4 mm, wing length 3.7

mm, broadest width 1.15—1.2 mm. Head: Dark brown.

Holoptic, bare; upper facets enlarged. Frons lacking se-

tulae. Ocellar triangle dorsal, with short ocellars and two

pairs of upper postocular setae, outer pair slightly longer.

Postgena with dense silky long setae, spine-like setae lack-

ing. Proboscis and labrum slightly longer than face. An-

tennal postpedicel with bulbous base, tapered apically, ty-

lus nearly 3x longer than postpedicel. Thorax: Brown.

Mesonotal setae inconspicuous acrostichals and dorsocen-

trals present. Wing: Anal lobe well developed, prominent

©ZFMK

New fossil species of Ragas in Baltic amber 97

Figs 13-19. 13. Ragas succinea, antenna, female. 14. R. succinea, right foreleg, female. 15. R. succinea, male terminalia. 16. R.

ulrichi, antenna, male. 17. R. ulrichi, male midleg. 18. R. ulrichi, male foreleg. 19. R. ulrichi, male terminalia. Abbreviations: cerc

—cercus; epand — epandrium; hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

and acute. Radial fork absent (Fig. 2); anal vein (CuP +

CuA) long, ending just before wing margin. Pterostigma

present. Halter pale. Legs: Brown. Tibiae and tarsi of fore

and left mid legs broken off, visible only from ventral side;

front of left fore coxa at base with two black, stout, short

spine-like setae; fore trochanter with 10—12 black, erect

stout spine-like setae, size variable, longest one subequal

to width of trochanter; fore femur with four ventral, black,

spine-like setae, shorter than width of femur. Hind tibia

distally with short setae and interadjacent, erect micro-se-

tulae. Apical tibial comb present. Terminalia (Fig. 15):

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 92-99

Visible only from ventral side, terminal, not upright. Hy-

pandrium shorter than epandrium. Epandrium with pos-

teroventral hook-like projection.

Female. Body length 3.4 mm, wing length slightly

longer than 3.4 mm, width 1.2 mm; wings not in exact

plain position caused by resin flow. Head: Dark brown.

Dichoptic, eyes bare, upper facets not enlarged, anterior

ocellars short, posterior postocular setae longer, some scat-

tered upper postocular setae longer; frons with four short

setae at inner margin of eye. Postgena densely covered

with cluster of silky setae. Proboscis with labrum bent

©ZFMK

98 Bradley J. Sinclair & Christel Hoffeins

backwards, slightly longer than width of eye. Antennal

postpedicel with bulbous base, tapered apically (Fig. 13),

stylus 2-segmented, 1 segment short, 2" segment 3x

longer than postpedicel. Thorax: As in male, chaetotaxy

of mesoscutum only visible laterally, dc present. Wing:

As in male. Legs: Brown. Fore coxa with two black, erect,

anterior spine-like setae at base as in male, slightly short-

er than width of coxa; trochanter with cluster of black,

erect spine-like setae, lower one 3x longer than uppermost;

fore femur with four ventral black (Fig. 14), erect spine-

like setae near base, shorter than width of femur. Fore tib-

ia opposite femur with row of about 20 short, stout erect

setae, length of setae decreasing to apex of tibia, row of

stout setae continuing to base of tarsomere 1, short stout

setae clustered at apex of tibia and base of tarsomere 1

near articulation. Hind tibia distally with short setae, bent

downwards, and with interadjacent erect micro-setulae.

Apical comb present on hind tibia. Terminalia: No clear

details discernible, cerci withdrawn between tergite and

sternite of terminal segment.

Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin succinum

(amber).

Remarks. The male and female are embedded very close

together, and no differences in chaetotaxy of the legs can

be recognized although forelegs of the male are not com-

plete. The male and female specimens are confidently con-

sidered conspecific.

Ragas ulrichi sp. nov. (Figs 5, 6, 16—19)

Type material. Holotype male in Baltic amber, with fol-

lowing label data: “HOLOTY PE/ Ragas/ ulrichi/ Sinclair

& Hoffeins’; “CNC DIPTERA/ #12249” (ZFMK).

Paratypes: 2 males, 3 females, #12250—12254 (ZFMK);

1 female, #CCHH 1458-5 (SDEI), 1 male, #CCHH

1458-6 (SDEI). Additional material. 1 male, #CCHH

1458-4 (SDEI);1 male, #CCHH 1458-7 (SDE); 1 fe-

male, #CCHH 1458-3 (SDEI); 1 male, #CCHH 1458-8

(SDEI).

Holotype embedded in 6x6x4 mm block; in good con-

dition, milky coating partially obscuring thorax and back

of head on right side. Male paratype (1458-6) embedded

in polyester block 9x9x5 mm; partly in poor condition,

milky coating obscuring partly thorax and occiput, air bub-

bles between mid and hind legs, inner part of mid femo-

ra hidden. Female paratype (1458—5) embedded in poly-

ester block 13x11x6 mm; in poor condition, right side ob-

scured by milky coating, basal segments of abdomen

bloated, wings overlapping over abdomen; not all char-

acters discernable.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 92-99

Recognition. This species is distinguished by holoptic

males, stylus one-third length of postpedicel, auxiliary

crossvein between Ry and R>,3 lacking, wing with broad

anal lobe, fore femur with two basal setae, male mid fe-

mur with one long ventral seta, and long coiled and slen-

der phallus.

Description. Wing length |.9—2.3 mm. Male: Head: Dark

brown. Holoptic, bare; upper facets enlarged. Frons lack-

ing setulae. Ocellar triangle dorsal, with pair of short an-

terior ocellar setae and shorter posterior pair; two pairs of

upper postocular setae similar in size to anterior ocellar

setae. Postgena with broad cluster of some 10—15 spine-

like setae. Postpedicel with bulbous base, 3x length of

base; stylus broad, approximately one-third length of post-

pedicel. Proboscis with labrum slightly longer than post-

pedicel. Antennal postpedicel bulbous and tapering api-

cally, stylus 2-segmented with short apical sensillum (Fig.

16); stylus nearly one-half length of postpedicel, 2™ seg-

ment twice length of 1“ segment. Thorax: Dark brown.

Mesonotal setae mostly short and inconspicuous; acros-

tichals ? uniserial; some 4—8 uniserial dorsocentral setae,

prescutellar seta longer and stouter; one short postprono-

tal seta; three short presutural supra-alar setae; one long

and stout upper and two shorter lower, more slender no-

topleural setae; one postalar seta; two pairs scutellar se-

tae, apical pair longest. Wing: Pigmentation and cloudi-

ness not visible; anal lobe well developed, prominent and

acute. Radial fork bell-shaped, branching near proximal

third of M,; auxiliary crossvein between Ry and R),3 lack-

ing; cell dm broad, extended apically less than half length

of cell. Apex of cell cua truncate; anal vein (CuP + CuA)

long, ending short of wing margin. Pterostigma overlap-

ping apex of R,. Halter brown. Legs: Brown. Anterior face

of fore coxa with approximately 6—8 long, erect spine-like

setae. Anteroventral and ventral face of fore trochanter

with some 6—9 long, erect spine-like setae, several longer

than setae on base of fore femur. Fore femur with two

stout, anteroventral setae near base (Fig. 17), distal seta

longer and stouter, after which femur slightly attenuated,

setae nearly subequal to width of femur. Mid femur with

stout, arched posteroventral seta at apical third, 2x longer

than width of femur (Fig. 18). Mid tibia lacking modified

setae opposite seta on femur. Terminalia (Fig. 19): Erect

not projecting dorsally over abdomen, unrotated. Hypan-

drium U-shaped in posterior view, with thinly sclerotized

ventral face. Phallus (or phallic filaments) long and coiled

into at least three circles, usually lying on right-hand side.

Epandrium U-shaped, apical portion of lamella slender,

apex attenuated. Cercus short and broad, apparently less

than half length of epandrium.

Female. Similar to male, except eyes widely separated

on frons; 3—4 setulae along inner eye margin above an-

tenna. Lacking stout seta on mid femur. Terminalia: cer-

cus short, slender, longer than preceding segment.

OZFMK

New fossil species of Ragas in Baltic amber 99

Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr. Hans Ulrich

who kindly made available his rich collection of amber

Empidoidea.

Remarks. This amber species is possibly related to the

four extant species (R. alpina Sinclair & Saigusa, R. cir-

cinata, R. longicauda Sinclair & Saigusa, R. munroei Sin-

clair & Saigusa) on the basis of modified setae on the male

mid femur. However, the terminalia are unrotated and held

upright, but not over the abdomen, holoptic males and

broad wings in the fossil species prevents assignment to

this group. The coiled phallus and/or phallic filaments are

similar to the coiled phallic filaments of R. circinata, but

it is difficult to determine whether this condition is ho-

mologous.

DISCUSSION

The phylogenetic relationships of the extant species of Ra-

gas were analysed by Sinclair & Saigusa (2001), where

they recognized three species groups. Ragas succinea is

possibly related to the R. unica group, although on the ba-

sis of plesiomorphic characters (holoptic males, male ter-

minalia horizontal). The three remaining fossil species (R.

electrica, R. eocenica and R. ulrichi) are possibly related

to the R. circinata group on basis of dichoptic males and

absence of the auxiliary crossvein. The phallic filaments

observed in R. eocenica certainly suggest affinities with

R. circinata. Including R. baltica, known only from a fe-

male specimen, the Ragas fauna in the fossil record is rep-

resented by three species groups as recognized for the ex-

tant fauna.

Although inclusions assigned to Ragas are rarely found

among empidoid Diptera in Baltic amber, the study of 19

inclusions with Ragas specimens revealed a surprising

abundance of species.

KEY TO FOSSIL SPECIES OF RAGAS

[Puepe rr suimbranched) (E1922) nace -c-10./-1 R. succinea

Reiss ORAN CM COS cece sos es scot erinis casei cies naieis v2. 2

2. Fore femur with 4 stout setae near base (Fig. 19)

Gavallesqumkcn Owin)) see ee-e cece cceyseecea cele: R. baltica

Fore femur with 2—3 stout setae near base. ......... 3

3. Radial fork long and narrow, branching near base of

M, (Fig. 3). Fore coxae lacking spine-like setae.

EE eee eases eae i ieaiengeee ci R. eocenica

— Radial fork not unusually long and narrow, branch-

ing opposite mid-length of M,. Fore coxae with

SPM CalIKeISe LAC appernanee ease oe h a nina caramels 4

4. Males dichoptic. Fore femur with 3 spine-like ven-

tral setae. Mid femur with 2 spine-like ventral setae.

Male with un-coiled phallus (Fig. 10).

Sgha bres oodsacced in supeeo esa net eee R. electrica

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 92-99

— Males holoptic. Fore femur with 2 spine-like ventral

setae (Fig. 8). Mid femur with | spine-like ventral se-

tae (Fig. 7). Male with long coiled phallus (Figs 6,

ON Cae OS a AEE CRIB OR COSC eA ARTE BUR See een Eee R. ulrichi

Acknowledgments. Hans Ulrich (Bonn, Germany) is thanked

for the loan of specimens to BJS from his valuable amber col-

lection of Empidoidea. Shannon Henderson (Ottawa) kindly pro-

duced the photographs of R. e/ectrica and R. ulrichi and Hans

Werner Hoffeins is thanked for preparing the Hoffeins’ inclu-

sions. Monica Solorzano Kraemer (Frankfurt) kindly prepared

the ZFMK amber specimens.

REFERENCES

Agassiz L (1847 (1846)). Nomenclatoris zoologici index univer-

salis, continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, famil-

iarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam

fossilum, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposi-

ta, adjectis homonymiis plantarum, nec non variis adnotation-

ibus et emendatationibus. Soloduri (=Solothurn, Switzerland)

Collin JE (1961) Empididae in: British Flies. Volume 6. Univer-

sity Press, Cambridge

Hoffeins HW (2001) On the conservation and preparation of am-

ber inclusions in artificial resin. Polskie Pismo Entomolog-

iczne 70: 215-219

Hoffeins C (2012) On Baltic amber inclusions treated in an au-

toclave. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 81: 165-181

McAlpine JF (1981) Morphology and terminology — adults.

[Chapter] 2. Pp. 9-63 in: McAlpine JF, Peterson BV, Shewell

GE, Teskey JH, Vockeroth JR & Wood DM (coords.). Manual

of Nearctic Diptera, Vol. 1. Agriculture Canada Monograph

Meunier F (1908) Monographie des Empidae de l’ambre de la

Baltique. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, Sér. 9,

7: 81-135, pls II—XII

Moulton JK, Wiegmann BM (2007) The phylogenetic relation-

ships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera).

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43: 701-713

Qvick U (1985) The mating activity of Rhagas unica Walker

(Dipt., Empididae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 121:

39-43

Saigusa T (2006) Homology of wing venation of Diptera. Un-

published handout distributed at the 6" International Congress

of Dipterology, Fukuoka, Japan.

Sinclair BJ (1999) Review of the genera Dipsomyia Bezzi, Zan-

clotus Wilder, and an allied new Gondwanan genus (Diptera:

Empidoidea, Ragas-group). Entomological Science 2:

131-145

Sinclair BJ (2010) Proclinopyga ulrichi sp. nov.: the first fossil

aquatic dance fly of the subfamily Clinocerinae (Diptera: Em-

pididae). Bonn zoological Bulletin 57: 85—89

Sinclair BJ, Cumming JM (2006) The morphology, higher-lev-

el phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera).

Zootaxa 1180: 1-172

Sinclair BJ, Saigusa T (2001) Revision of the world species of

Ragas Walker (Diptera: Empidoidea). Entomological Science

4: 507-522

Stuckenberg BR (1999) Antennal evolution in the Brachycera

(Diptera), with a reassessment of terminology relating to the

flagellum. Studia dipterologica 6: 33-48

Walker F (1837) Notes on Diptera. Entomological Magazine 4

(1836): 226-230

©ZFMK

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100—110

May 2013

Description of a new genus and three new species of

Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea) from East and Central Africa,

with notes on biogeography

Ingo Lehmann & Hossein Rajaei Sh.

* Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn;

E-mail: ingo5.lehmann@googlemail.com (corresponding author).

Abstract. Shimonia gen. nov., a new genus of Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea), is described from East and Cen-

tral Africa (Afrotropical Region). It currently comprises four species, three of which are described as new: S. timberla-

kei sp. n., S. oyiekeae sp. n. and S. fischeri sp. n. The fourth species, S. sp/endida (Fletcher, 1968) is here transferred to

the new genus from Merarbela Holland, 1893. Illustrations of adult morphology and notes on ecology and biogeography

of these species are presented.

Keywords. Afrotropical Region, fischeri sp. n., forest refuge areas, new species, new genus, oyiekeae sp. n., revision,

Shimonia gen .nov., splendida, taxonomy, timberlakei sp. n.

INTRODUCTION

Since Janse’s monograph (1925) for South Africa and

Gaede’s (1929) publication, there has been no comprehen-

sive treatment of Afrotropical Metarbelidae. Moreover, un-

til the late nineties of the last century, it was not even clar-

ified whether Metarbelidae deserved family rank (Hol-

loway 1986; Schoorl 1990) or should be treated as a sub-

family of Cossidae (Minet 1986, Edwards et al. 1998).

Though no less than 202 species of Metarbelidae are

recorded from the Afrotropics belonging to 16 genera (De

Prins & De Prins 2012), this group has not recetved much

attention. Only recently the diversity of the family came

into focus again (Lehmann 1997, 2007, 2008a, 2008b,

2010a, 2010b, 2011).

Recent works using molecular methods placed Metar-

belidae as one of the seven families of Cossoidea (Regi-

er et al. 2009; Mutanen et al. 2010; van Nieukerken et al.

2011). On the other hand, Cossoidea were found to be a

heterogeneous group not forming a monophylum. The po-

sition of Metarbelidae within the Cossoidea-Sesioidea as-

semblage still needs further support, though it appears that

Metarbelidae could be closely related to Ratardidae, with

which they share several morphological features, e.g., in

having only one strong anal vein in the forewing as well

as the ovipositor lobes shaped like an ‘8’(Holloway 1986;

Edwards et al. 1998). The family ranges from mainland

Africa and Madagascar across Arabia to Southeast Asia

(Lehmann 2008b; De Prins & De Prins 2012) whilst some

alleged New World ‘Metarbelidae’ (genus Indarbela

Fletcher, 1922) belong to the Hypoptinae, a subfamily of

the Cossidae (Edwards et al. 1998). Although the gener-

Received: 20.09.2012

Accepted: 05.12.2012

ic and species definitions within Metarbelidae are not yet

definitive (Lehmann 2010a, b, 2011), ongoing studies sug-

gest that this family comprises many more than 300

species, and hence about 50% more than previously esti-

mated by Edwards et al. (1998).

Taking into consideration the ongoing deforestation, de-

struction of natural habitats, rapidly changing anthro-

pogenic environment, and impossibility of field research

in some regions of East and Central Africa, presumably

a number of yet undescribed species could already be ex-

tinct in nature. Therefore the preserved historical collec-

tions serve as the major source for defining and revising

the genera of Metarbelidae and for assembling taxonom-

ic and faunistic data on this family. Additionally, they of-

fer a chance to present data on habitats. Lepidoptera

species are often associated with certain vegetation types

or biotopes (Van Dyck 2011). A particular association of

Metarbelidae to legume-dominated forests has been em-

phasized by Lehmann (2008a) based on 14 years of field

work in southeast coastal Kenya (Lehmann & Kioko 2000,

2005). However, information on ecology, bionomics and

habitats in Central Africa is scant and mostly scattered

over many small and obscure publications. Furthermore,

this information in regard to habitats is often separated

from taxonomic papers and hence, requires integration.

The biotopes of Central Africa were formed due to dra-

matic climate changes over millions of years (Leal 2004).

There is a great similarity between upland floras of Cen-

tral and Northeast Africa and past climate change caused

the fragmentation of a once continuous forest belt, includ-

Corresponding editor: D. Stiining

Description of a new genus and three new species of Metarbelidae from East and Central Africa 101

3A CuA2

1A+2A CuP 6

Figs 1-6. Adults and venation: 1. Shimonia timberlakei sp. n., holotype 3, DRC, Eala; 2. S. timberlakei sp. n., paratype 2, DRC,

Eala; 3. S. splendida, 3, DRC, Isiro; 4. S. fischeri sp. n., holotype 2, DRC, Katako-Kombe; 5. S. oyiekeae sp. n., holotype 3,

DRC, Lubumbashi; 6. Shimonia timberlakei sp. n., venation. Scale bar for figs 1-5: 10 mm.

ing montane forests, resulting in rain forest refuges (Hook-

er 1864, 1874; Lonnberg 1929). Subsequently, several au-

thors developed a refuge concept for Africa. It proposes

that modern biotas in the tropics originate partly from eco-

logical islands that result from past cycles of forest frag-

mentation and subsequent expansion. The concept also in-

cludes the assumption that from the mid-Cretaceous to

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100—110

mid-Tertiary there is no evidence of major tectonic dis-

turbances in Africa. Instead, the most important determi-

nants of African biogeography were the northward drift

of the continent and the central African uplift in mid-Ter-

tiary, as well as periods of aridity alternating with wetter

periods in the Pleistocene and Holocene (e.g., van Zin-

deren Bakker & Clark 1962; Hamilton 1976; Diamond &

OZFMK

102 Ingo Lehmann & Hossein Rajaei Sh.

Hamilton 1980; Grubb 1982; Colyn et al. 1991; Maley

1991; Leal 2004). Therefore, referring to the above-men-

tioned refuge concept, it can be assumed that African for-

est-dependent species, such as Metarbelidae, survived and

partly evolved isolated in these islands because these ar-

eas remained permanently forested during cool and dry

climatic periods of the Pleistocene.

Here and in the frame work of the revision of the fam-

ily Metarbelidae (by the first author) we describe a new

genus and three new species based on morphological char-

acters.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The material examined here comes from the following col-

lections: The Natural History Museum, London, U.K.

(BMNH); the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi

(NMK); and the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Ter-

vuren, Belgium (RMCA).

The specimens were photographed and compared with all

described Metarbelidae, currently 202 published species.

For the process of maceration the abdomen was de-

tached and macerated between one to three days in a glass

tube containing a cold 10% solution of potassium hydrox-

ide. After the maceration of the abdomen the genitalia

were removed and transferred to distilled water for clean-

ing, drawing and spreading. Then the genitalia were flood-

ed with isopropyl alcohol and remained as such for two

hours before being mounted in Euparal. The genitalia

slides were photographed using a digital stereo-micro-

scope (ZEISS-SteREO: Discovery. V20), in addition spec-

imens of several taxa examined were studied with a Scan-

ning Electron Microscope (SEM, Hitachi S-2460N), both

at ZFMK.

The terminology for external characters follows Janse

(1925), Scoble (1995), Edwards et al. (1998), and for in-

ternal features, mainly the genitalia, Sibatani et al. (1954)

and Klots (1970). The biogeographical names follow

White (1983), Sayer et al. (1992) and Burgess et al. (2004).

Note: Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has

been under this name 1965 to 1971, and again since 1997;

it was called the Republic of the Congo 1960 to 1964, and

Republic of Zaire 1971 to 1997.

TAXONOMIC REVIEW

Shimonia gen. nov.

Type species: Shimonia timberlakei sp. n.

Diagnosis. Shimonia possesses typical metarbelid char-

acters (Holloway 1986; Edwards et al. 1998; Lehmann

2008a) which are repeated here with some additions: Head

rugulose, not retracted under the prothorax. Antennae

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100-110

bipectinate in males; bipectinate, unipectinate or filiform

in females. Wings long, rather broad (in Cossidae wings

longer, narrower, apically more strongly acute, in the al-

so closely related Ratardidae both wings of almost equal

size, round, butterfly-like), hindwings smaller than

forewings; pattern weak, sometimes absent, often reticu-

late or transversely striated on a pale ground-colour. Frenu-

lum and retinaculum usually absent; chaetosemata and

tympanal organs always absent; epiphysis present or ab-

sent, if present it arises from about middle of fore-tibia;

tibia and first tarsomere of hindleg not dilated (as in the

Cossidae). Only a simple basal stem of vein M present in

discal cell of both wings, therefore accessory cells absent

(in Cossidae several basal branches of M present, form-

ing accessory cells); vein CuP in forewing obsolete (but

represented by a distinct fold which may be incomplete);

one strong anal vein in the forewing (fused veins

1A+2A). Male genitalia: uncus beak-like or wide, tip of-

ten bifid or bilobed; gnathos arising near base of uncus,

sometimes with medially separate or fused, drumstick-,

hand- or lever-like appendages; socii very small or absent;

valvae small, rather rounded, sometimes with thorn-like

processes and/or modification to the sacculus; aedeagus

tube-like. Female genitalia: shortly telescopic ovipositor

with broad, rounded (8-shaped) or elliptic distal lobes;

ductus and corpus bursae small, membranous (‘reduced’

sensu Holloway 1986); membrane between tergites 7 and

8 often expanded.

Shimonia is defined as a new genus based on the fol-

lowing putative morphological apomorphies (Figs 10—18):

i) in the male genitalia, two narrow and very long thorn-

like processes, usually of similar length, extend external-

ly from the base of the valva, reaching beyond its distal

edge; 11) segment 8 of female is setose, which is unusual

among the other genera of Metarbelidae, with two large

latero-ventral plates, ventrally connected by a narrow

band. The combination of characters presented above does

not occur elsewhere and demands the creation of a new

genus.

The very long labial palpi, the long, narrow and well-

developed tibial spurs and the rather large areole that

sometimes has a short crossbar between R3 and Rs are

treated here as plesiomorphic characters. These characters

have been mentioned for “most primitive genera of Lep-

idoptera”, e.g. Cossodes (Cossidae) (Turner 1918). Al-

though other plesiomorphic characters of the latter genus

are absent in Shimonia, for example simple antennae in

both sexes, Shimonia is considered as probably one of the

most basal or ancient metarbelid genera. Four A frotrop1-

cal species of this genus are recognized: Shimonia timber-

lakei sp. nov., S. splendida (Fletcher, 1968), S. fischeri sp.

nov. and S. oyiekeae sp. nov. Shimonia splendida 1s trans-

ferred from Metarbela Holland, 1893 to the new genus,

based on the defining characters mentioned above.

©ZFMK

Description of a new genus and three new species of Metarbelidae from East and Central Africa 103

yo ee

PCPS

g YT oiwy OO

Figs 7-9. Head and wing structure (SEM) of Shimonia splendida, 9:

7. Head, eyes and palpi (frons largely descaled); 8. Fronto-clypeal pro-

jection (lateral view); 9. Section of forewing with areole.

Description. Regarding other genera of the Metarbelidae,

the moths of the new genus are rather large, with a

wingspan of 37-47 mm. Head: Rough-scaled; with a pair

of small conical projections basally on frons in both sex-

es (Fig. 8); labial palpi long (the longest among the Metar-

belidae, 1.5 times the diameter of eye,) (Fig. 7); anten-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100-110

nae of male bipectinate; of female mainly unipectinate (cf.

Lehmann 2008a), branches in the middle of the antenna

apically bifid; flagellum and dorsal surface of branches

densely scaled (this scaling appears to be absent in some

females). Thorax: Densely covered with hair-like scales,

without a collar ring; with a short crest on metathorax. Epi-

physis of the foreleg present, hindlegs with two pairs of

long and narrow tibial spurs (length at least 1.2 mm) in

both sexes. Forewing upperside with simple, reticulate pat-

tern (postmedial line and a straight line along vein CuA

always distinct), colours more or less brownish, not strong-

ly contrasting (Figs 1—5). Scales of wing-margins long-

stalked (stalks 3/4 of total length). Wing venation similar

in both sexes (Fig. 6): in forewing 1A+2A forked at base;

CuP obsolete, represented by a fold; CuA: originating from

posterior margin of cell; CuAi Ms, and Mebasally sepa-

rated, initiating from or near posterior angle of cell; Mi

arising from about middle of discal vein, slightly closer

to Rs than to Mo; Ri from anterior margin of discal cell;

Ro, Rs, Ra and Rs separate, arising from the areole in both

sexes or R3 +R: originate from the same or nearly the same

point, in the latter case there is a very short cross-bar; Sc

more or less parallel to Ri. In hindwing CuAo from pos-

terior margin of discal cell; CuA: Ms, and Mb as in

forewing, Mi close to Rs from anterior angle of cell, sep-

arated or from the same point; a short cross-bar between

cell and Sc (basal stem of Ri) usually present; discal cell

of both wings with a short vein inside (stem of vein M).

Retinaculum and frenulum absent. Abdomen: covered with

dense hair-scales, abdominal tuft not longer than one-third

of abdomen length.

Male genitalia. Saccus short, narrow, distally rounded;

uncus large, flattened, very long and broad, setose on ven-

tral surface; apically bilobed. Valva with two acuminate,

very long, thorn-like appendices of similar length, aris-

ing externally from its base, bent at their tip; internal sur-

face membranous, densely setose. Gnathos arms very

broad basally, covered with many short, tooth-like struc-

tures medially; arms not fused, only connected by a nar-

row band on ventral side. Juxta with two acuminate lobes

and a deep emargination dorsally. Phallus simple, vesica

without cornuti (Figs 10, 12, 14).

Female abdominal structure and genitalia. Segment 8

sclerotized, loosely setose, setae often in groups of two

or three; anterior margin of tergal area more or less emar-

ginated. Latero-ventrally on segment 8 two large, round-

ed or triangular plates present, both connected ventrally

by a sclerotized band. Ovipositor short, papillae anales

rounded or elliptic, covered with some short, rarely with

long setae (Figs 16-18); ductus and corpus bursae small,

thinly membranous, without distinct characters (not

drawn).

©OZFMK

104 Ingo Lehmann & Hossein Rajaei Sh.

Distribution. Species belonging to the new genus are

found in Central and East Africa, extending its range from

the arc formed by the Congo River in the West (DRC),

eastwards into the Albertine Rift region (Uganda) and

probably further East to western Kenya (Mount Elgon or

close to it). Isiro (northeastern Congo Basin, DRC) is cur-

rently the most northern distribution limit, and the Katan-

gan Copper Bow (southeastern DRC) the most southern

limit (Fig. 19).

Ecology. Shimonia spectesappear to be forest species that

are associated with lowland, submontane or montane rain-

forests and dense wet woodlands with an average annual

rainfall of at least 1200 mm. The species of this genus may

be linked to the following vegetation types: ““Guineo-Con-

golian swamp forest and riparian forest”; “Mixed moist

semi-evergreen Guineo-Congolian rainforest” including

patches of “Single-dominant moist evergreen and semi-

evergreen Guineo-Congolian rainforest’, “Afromontane

rainforest”, “Zambezian dry evergreen forest” surround-

ed by wetter types of “Zambezian miombo woodland”

sensu White (1983). Different plant communities in the

biotopes of Shimonia share a common feature: woody

legumes are dominants or co-dominants both in the rain-

forest types as well as in the ‘miombo’.

Etymology. New genus is named after Shimoni Lehmann,

the son of the senior author, who accompanied his father

several times on excursions to Africa/Kenya and has al-

ways shown great interest in his studies. The gender of

the new genus 1s feminine.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SHIMONIA, BASED ON

MALE AND FEMALE GENITALIA

la. Male (male of fischeri unknown) ..................66 2

lb. Female (female of oviekeae unknown) ............... +

2a. Male genitalia with very broad, triangular bases of

thorn-like external processes of valva

A SEL SERN ae eee ra aI oviekeae sp. nov.

2b. Male genitalia with narrow bases of thorn-like

processes‘ofvalvatecan act en eee 3

3a. Sacculus of valva bearing an additional, short process

120 20 eis ae RRA ANT INSEE AR UE el DN Reta ae splendida

3b. Sacculus of valva without such process

FE See nea locae ae ae eae Cate timberlakei sp. nov.

4a. Ventral part of segment 8 gradually narrowed to a

slender connection, anterior apophyses about twice as

long as posterior apophyses ......... fischeri sp. nov.

4b. Ventral part of segment 8 forming a broad sclerotized

band; anterior apophyses as long as posterior apophy-

ses‘orshishtlylonger jaye eeeac cence eee >

5a. Latero-ventral sclerotized plate on segment 8 oval

sli Rane cd seve ene Sate ae SoM cee timberlakei sp. nov.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100-110

5b. Latero-ventral sclerotized plate on segment 8 elon-

gate tmansulaneneeerereee Creer eee eeeeee ce splendida

1. Shimonia timberlakei sp. n.

Figs i210 MIG

Material examined. Holotype 4, Belgian Congo, Equa-

teur Province, Eala, 19 June 1935, J. Ghesquiere leg., [la-

bel] number 616, genitalia slide number 31/072010 I.

Lehmann (RMCA). Paratype 2, same locality and date,

J. Ghesquiere leg., number 616, genitalia slide number

12/072010 I. Lehmann (RMCA).

Description. Forewing length in male 16.0 mm (wingspan

38 mm), in female 19.0 mm (wingspan 41 mm); anten-

na-wing ratio 0.69:1 in male, 0.58:1 in female. Head: light-

ochre, scales glossy, eyes olive with small black spots; an-

tennae coloured as head; branches of antennae 7 times

width of shaft in males, 1.5 times in females, covered with

minute scales dorsally; tip of antennae with long, strong-

ly bent scales; labial palpi light-ochre, tips pointed. Tho-

rax: Patagia and tegulae light-ochre, glossy. Hind-femo-

ra, -tibiae and -tarsi light-ochre, glossy, with two pairs of

tibial spurs, medial pair shorter. Forewing light-ochre,

glossy; with a small, rounded, sepia cell-spot and a small

patch of olive-ochre distally; several faded lines of olive

running from costa to CuA2; subterminal line broad, olive

with a patch of olive-ochre in its distal half; CuA2 marked

olive anteriorly, light ochre posteriorly; ciliae of wing mar-

gins long, 1.5 mm, light-ochre. Underside of forewing

rough-scaled, of a lighter ochre than above, glossy. Hind-

wing upperside with ground-colour as in forewings, but

almost patternless, glossy; underside as in forewing. Wing

venation see Fig. 6. Abdomen: Mainly light-ochre, glossy.

Male genitalia (Figs 10, 11). Uncus large (2,5 times the

length of the tegumen), ventrally setose, roundly bilobed

distally, rather rectangular in lateral view; gnathos short,

very broad basally, distally bent and strongly dentate; arms

not completely fused at middle, only connected by a nar-

row band caudally; valva almost rectangular, but distally

smoothly rounded, setose at internal surface, ventral mar-

gin with long setae, with two very long thorn-like process-

es externally, the latter with acuminate and setose tips,

their median sector with a few scattered short and long

setae; tegumen basally fused with vinculum, the latter

forming a firm and very narrow ring. Saccus short, fin-

ger-shaped, gently rounded caudally. Phallus short, about

as long as valva, straight, narrowest in middle, bilobed

with a deep cleft distally.

Female abdomen and genitalia (Fig. 16). Papillae anales

broad, shaped like an ‘8’ in posterior view, almost with-

out setae. Segment 8 long, covered with long scattered se-

©ZFMK

Description of a new genus and three new species of Metarbelidae from East and Central Africa 105

Figs 10-18. Male and female genitalia. 10, 11. Shimonia timberlakei sp. n., holotype 3; 12, 13. S. splendida, 3; 14,15. S. oyiekeae sp. n.,

holotype ¢; 16. Shimonia timberlakei sp. n., paratype, 2; 17. S. splendida, 2; 18. S. fischeri sp. n., holotype, 2. 10, 12, 14. ventral view; 11, 13,

15. lateral view (males); 16, 17, 18. lateral view (females; ductus and corpus bursae omitted). Scale bar: 1mm.

tae often arranged in groups of three; anterior margin dor-

sally only with a shallow emargination; latero-ventrally

with two large, rounded, sclerotized plates, connected by

a band ventrally. Posterior apophyses slightly sinuate, al-

most as long as anterior ones.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100-110

Diagnosis. The very large, setose, sclerotized uncus (2.5

times length of tegumen) is unique in the genus. The fe-

male genitalia share the oval latero-ventral plates with

those of S. fischeri sp. n., but these plates are rather kid-

ney-shaped in fischeri, the ventral band connecting both

©OZFMK

106 Ingo Lehmann & Hossein Rajaei Sh.

plates is much narrower in the latter, the deep, semi-cir-

cular emargination of the anterior margin of the tergal plate

present in S. fischeri is only shallowly emarginated in S.

timberlakei. The apophyses are almost equal in length,

while in fischeri the anterior apophyses are almost twice

as long as the posterior apophyses (compare fig. 18).

Distribution. S. timberlakei sp. n. is currently known on-

ly from Eala, DRC. Eala (altitude 328 m) has no dry sea-

son and its average annual rainfall is about 2070 mm.

Etymology. The species is named after the editor of F/o-

ra Zambesiaca, Jonathan Timberlake (Royal Botanic Gar-

dens Kew, U.K.) to honor his attention to conservation is-

sues of Acacia and Brachystegia and for his kind provi-

sion of important unpublished information on various

habitats in Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique to the

first author.

2. Shimonia splendida (Fletcher, 1968), comb. nov.

Figs 3, 7-9, 12, 13, 17

Metarbela splendida Fletcher, 1968: 329

Material examined. Holotype ~, Uganda, Bundibugyo

District, Rwenzori Range, Bwamba Pass, 6.500 feet, De-

cember 1934-January 1935, F.W. Edwards leg. (BMNH).

Additional specimens: | &, Belgian Congo [Democratic

Republic of the Congo], Uele District, Paulis [Isiro], 15

February 1959, Dr. M. Fontaine leg., genitalia slide num-

ber 04/072010 I. Lehmann (RMCA); | 9, Belgian Con-

go [Democratic Republic of the Congo], Uele District,

same locality, 09 February 1960, Dr. M. Fontaine leg., gen-

italia slide number 05/122010 I. Lehmann (RMCA).

Original description of Metarbela splendida Fletcher,

1968 (p. 329):

“Male 47mm: Vestiture pale ochre, weakly suffused with

drab. Fore wing ochre, patterned with broken, transverse

striae of grey ochre, surrounded by cinnamon brown ir-

roration; pattern dense anterior of vein Cu/b and at three-

fifths inner margin; vein Cu/b edged posteriorly with par-

allel area of clean and sharply defined ground colour.

Hindwing pale ochre, very lightly irrorate with drab. Dis-

tinct in the genus by reason of its pattern and its very large

size, being one and one-half times greater in wingspan

than any known species”.

Additional re-description. Forewing length in male and

female 20.0 mm (wingspan 45 mm); antenna-wing ratio

in male 0.70:1 (antenna broken in female specimen).

Head: Greyish-ochre, with cream-coloured scales around

eyes and base of antennae; eyes brown; antennae very

long, with pure white scales dorsally on shaft; length of

antennal branches 7 times width of shaft, densely covered

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100-110

with pale olive scales dorsally, tips with long scales,

strongly bent backwards (towards proximal part of anten-

na), all branches ventrally setose (setae arranged in pairs

up to base of branch); female antennae unipectinate; fla-

gellum with ochreous scales; branches 1.5 times width of

shaft, flat. Labial palpi longer than diameter of eye (Fig.

7), olive ventrally and laterally, sepia dorsally; tips nar-

row. Thorax: Patagia and tegulae greyish-ochre, scales

with grey tips; a crest of cream mixed with greyish-ochre

on metathorax. Hindleg-femora, -tibiae and -tarsi cream-

coloured, glossy; two pairs of tibial spurs present, medi-

al spurs at middle of tibia, about 1.6 mm long, apical spurs

about 1.5 mm long, reaching over the first tarsomere; dis-

tance between medial and apical spurs about 2.5 mm.

Forewing upperside pale greyish-ochre; a narrow termi-

nal and broad subterminal line of dark olive stretching

from apex to near tornus; a small rounded discal spot of

sepia present in cell; several faded lines of olive running

from costa to dorsum; a broad, dark olive band anterior

along CuA2 , a pale line posterior to it; ciliae of wing mar-

gin long, ca. 1.5 mm; underside cream, glossy. Hindwing

upperside pale greyish-ochre, with a faded reticulated pat-

tern of strong olive, glossy; underside and cilia shaded as

in forewing. Wing venation very similar to that of S. tim-

berlakei. Abdomen coloured like upperside of wings.

Male genitalia (Figs 12, 13). Uncus smaller than in the

previous species (around 1,5 times the length of the tegu-

men) ,ventrally setose, with short and long setae, round-

ly bilobed distally. Gnathos bent hook-like in lateral view,

distally dentate; arms medially not fused, only connect-

ed by a narrow band caudally. Valva bearing two widely

separated, very long thorn-like processes with acuminate

tips, the ventral process covered with long setae distally;

valva setose at internal surface; outer surface ventrally and

medially covered with long sparse setae; sacculus with a

weakly sclerotized setose extension. Tegumen basally

fused with vinculum, the latter forming a firm ring; sac-

cus short, rounded caudally. Phallus slightly longer than

valva, slighlty sinuate, narrowing towards apex, the lat-

ter bilobed, with a deep cleft.

Female abdomen and genitalia (Fig. 17). Papillae anales

shaped like an ‘8’; segment 8 covered with long, rather

scattered setae, often arranged in groups of three; tergal

region broad, with a gently rounded emargination anteri-

orly, narrower ventrally; latero-ventral sclerotised plates

narrowly triangular, ventrally connected by a broad band.

Posterior apophyses broader at base, slightly angled me-

dially, a little shorter than anterior apophyses which are

gently sinuate and slightly longer than length of segment

Diagnosis. The male of S. sp/endida is structurally unique

in the genus because of its pronounced saccular process.

OZFMK

Description of a new genus and three new species of Metarbelidae from East and Central Africa 107

OCEAN Uige

Democratic Republic |~

of the Congo ;

International boundary

—-+— Province boundary

* National capital

fo} Province capital

Railroad

Road

*Kinshasa (Vilie de Kinshasa) has

status equal to that of a province,

0 100 200 Kilometers

100 200 Miles

Mercator Projection

Shabunda

f ma. \ SUD

Fig. 19. Type localities of species of Shimonia gen. nov. (indicated by black spots and bold fonts).

The female of S. splendida can be easily distinguished

from its congeners by the triangular shape of the latero-

ventral sclerotized plates on segment 8 which in S. tim-

berlakei sp. n. and in S. fischeri sp. n. are roundish or oval.

Papillae anales are densely covered with long and short

setae (long setae are absent in the other two species).

Distribution. Shimonia splendida is currently known

from the northeastern region of DRC (Isiro) and western

Uganda (Rwenzori Mountains). Isiro (formerly called

Paulis; 02°46’N, 27°36’E; altitude 750 m; average annu-

al rainfall 1530-1600 mm) is a town about 50 km north

of the large Ituri Forest in northeastern DRC (Haut-Uele

Province). Bwamba Pass (average annual rainfall

2200-3000 mm; collecting site at the altitude of 1981 m)

is located in the Rwenzori Mountains. It is the old trail

between Fort Portal and Bundibugyo (T. Davenport, pers.

comm.).

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100-110

3. Shimonia fischeri sp. n.

Figs 4, 18

Material examined. Holotype °, Belgian Congo [Demo-

cratic Republic of the Congo], Sankuru, Katako-Kombe,

23 June 1952, Dr. M. Fontaine leg., genitalia slide num-

ber 26/092010 I. Lehmann (RMCA).

Description. Female forewing length 21.0 mm (wingspan

45 mm); antenna-wing ratio 0.52:1. Head: Ochre around

eyes and base of antennae; eyes brown with small black

patches; antennae densely scaled olive on dorsal side of

the shaft as well as on branches; length of branches of an-

tennae 1.5 times width of shaft; tips with long scales, on-

ly slightly bent backwards, covered with scattered hairs

ventrally; labial palpi longer than diameter of eye, light-

ochre ventrally and laterally, slightly darker dorsally. Tho-

rax: Patagia and tegulae light ochre, glossy. Hindleg-femo-

©ZFMK

108 Ingo Lehmann & Hossein Rajaei Sh.

ra, -tibiae and -tarsi ochre; medial spurs at half of tibia 2.0

mm long, apical spurs ca. 1.5 mm long, covering first tar-

somere; distance between medial and apical spurs about

2.5 mm. Forewing upperside light ochre, with many short

striae; terminal line reduced to striae; a broad subtermi-

nal line of dark olive stretching from apex to CuAo2; a small

rounded discal spot of dark ochre present in cell; several

faded lines of olive running from costa to dorsum, two

broader lines below CuA., the latter marked dark olive but

cream on posterior edge; ciliae of wing margins long, ca.

1.5 mm, ochre; underside ochre, glossy. Hindwing upper-

side light ochre, glossy; underside and cilia as in

forewing. Abdomen largely ochre.

Male. Unknown.

Female abdomen and genitalia (Fig. 18) Sclerotized

plates of segment 8 covered with many setae, arranged in

a row on posterior margin and in pairs on its surface, broad

dorsally, with a deep semicircular emargination anterior-

ly, gradually narrowed to small ventral connection, latero-

ventral plates bean-shaped, with shallow rounded emar-

gination on its anterior margin and ventrally connected by

a narrow band. Anterior apophyses broad in basal third,

ca. 2 times as long as posterior apophyses which are gen-

tly sinuate, about as long as segment 8.

Diagnosis. Shimonia fischeri sp. n. superficially resem-

bles S. splendida. However, the ground colour of S. fis-

cheri is a lighter ochre; moreover, S. fischeri has a very

short cross-bar from R3 to Ry and vein Rs is originating

from the middle of the posterior vein of the areole in the

forewing, a unique feature in the genus. The long setae

on segment 8 are often arranged in groups of two (groups

of three in splendida). Only few setae occur on the papil-

lae anales (more densely setose in splendida). The scle-

rotized tergal plate of segment 8 is distinctly broader than

the narrow sternal plate, and the latero-ventral plates are

ovate (triangular in sp/endida) and ventrally connected by

a band. S. oyiekeae is also similar in the ground colour

(differences see next species).

Distribution. Shimonia fischeri sp. n. is known from the

southeastern region of the Congo Basin (Katako-Kombe,

province Kasai-Oriental, southeast DRC). Katako-Kombe

is located at an altitude of 570 m, average annual rainfall

1700-1900 mm.

Etymology. The species is named after the botanist Pro-

fessor Dr. Eberhard Fischer (University of Koblenz-Lan-

dau, Germany) to honour his attention to conservation 1s-

sues of the plants of Nyungwe National Park (Rwanda)

and of the orchids of Rwanda.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100-110

4. Shimonia oyiekeae sp. n.

Figs 5, 14, 15

Material examined. Holotype 3, Belgian Congo [Demo-

cratic Republic of the Congo], Katanga, Elisabethville

[Lubumbashi], 19 Sept 1952, Ch. Seydel leg., genitalia

slide number 03/072010 I. Lehmann (RMCA). Paratype

3, Republic of the Congo [Democratic Republic of the

Congo], Katanga, Kolwezi, August.1964, number 47, V.

Allard leg., genitalia slide number 16/022011 I. Lehmann

(NMK).

Description. Forewing length 15.0 mm (wingspan 37.0

mm); antennae broken. Head: cream around eyes and base

of antennae, eyes olive with small black spots; antennae

bipectinate, branches 5 times width of shaft, tips with long

scales; shaft and branches densely covered with pale ochre

scales dorsally, distance between branches at base equal

to the width of the branch, all branches strongly bent to-

wards apex of antenna; labial palpi longer than diameter

of eye, light-ochre dorsally, with long hair-like scales ven-

trally. Thorax: patagia and tegulae light-ochre with

cream tips, glossy. Femora, tibiae and tarsi of hindlegs

cream with two pairs of tibial spurs, medial pair 1.9 mm

long, apical pair 1.5 mm long, covering first tarsomere,

the distance between spur pairs about 2.6 mm. Forewing:

upperside light-ochre; costal margin with patches of dark

ochre; a small discal spot of dark ochre in the centre of

median cell; an oblique and slightly waved subterminal

line of dark ocher from costa to the end of CuA:; ciliae

of wing margins long, 1.5 mm, cream, glossy. Underside

cream, glossy. Wing venation very similar to S. timber-

lakei (Fig. 6). Hindwing: upperside cream-ochreous,

glossy; cilia long, 1.8 mm; underside as in forewing. Ab-

domen: largely light-ochre.

Male genitalia (Figs 14, 15). Uncus broad, almost as long

as tegumen (ventral view), ventral surface setose, with

short and long setae; the two thorn-like setose appendices

of valva arising from large plates; arms of gnathos slight-

ly bent dorsally, dentate distally, connected by a narrow

band caudally. Saccus finger-like, small, rounded caudal-

ly; basal part of tegumen and vinculum forming a firm

ring, vinculum divided by a long narrow cleft ventrally;

phallus slightly longer than valva, curved, tapering to-

wards apex, bilobed and with a deep cleft apically.

Female. Unknown.

Diagnosis. S. oyiekeae differs from its congeners by dis-

tinctly smaller wing size. Also the superficially similar fe-

male of S. fischeri is much too large in relation to the

oviekeae male as to be considered as possibly conspecif-

ic (moreover, both taxa do not occur sympatrically). In the

male genitalia two characters easily separate this species

OZFMK

Description of a new genus and three new species of Metarbelidae from East and Central Africa 109

from its congeners: 1) the two thorn-like appendices of the

valva arise from broad basal plates which cover about the

half of its surface; 11) membranous distal parts of valva

deeply bilobed.

Distribution. Shimonia oyiekeae sp. n. is known from

Lubumbashi and Kolwezi (Katangan Copper Bow, DRC).

Lubumbashi (formerly called Elisabethville; altitude

1210-1298 m; average annual rainfall 1270 mm) and Kol-

wezi (altitude 1448 m; average annual rainfall 1200 mm)

are located in the southeastern DRC (Katanga Province).

Etymology. The species is named after Dr Helida

Achieng Oyieke (NMK, Nairobi) to honour her valuable

contribution to many research programmes, to the stud-

ies of the first author in Kenya as well as her successful

collection management at the NMK.

DISCUSSION

Most of the Afromontane rain forests are under severe

pressure and survive only in protected or rugged, inacces-

sible areas. A major threat to these forests is their frag-

mentation due to the establishment of small farms

(Bowie & Blom 2004). Shimonia splendida is probably

under a severe threat in its montane habitat. This is also

the case with S. oyiekeae sp. n. due to enormous habitat

destruction in the “Katangan Copper Bow” sensu

Francois (1973). This area stretches in a broad zone from

Kolwezi in the West to Lubumbashi in the East (400 km

x 70 km) and is about 250 km southwest from the south-

ern end of the Albertine Rift region. Extraction of heavy

metals started a long time ago in Katanga and in the ad-

jacent Zambian “Copperbelt” sensu Francois (1973).

Copper metallurgy has been reported as already existing

during the 14 century (De Plaen et al. 1982). Today, a

unique copper-cobalt flora with a high endemism occurs

in these areas (Leteinturier et al. 1999; Malaisse et al.

1999). This copper-cobalt flora might be of less impor-

tance for Metarbelidae since the latter are more depend-

ent on the original wet ‘miombo’. Many Metarbelidae

species probably no longer exist. For example, in the Cop-

perbelt 51% or 391,400 ha of its ‘miombo’ was deforest-

ed between 1937 and 1983 (Lees 1962; Chidumayo 1987).

The conservation of species of Shimonia East of the arc

formed by the Congo River is less of a problem as still

large relatively stable or intact swamp forest as well as

lowland rain forest blocks remain (Burgess et al. 2004).

Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to Dr Jurate De

Prins (RMCA), Dr Jadranka Rota (Turku, Finland; formerly Uni-

versity of Copenhagen) and Dr Jeremy Holloway (BMNH, Lon-

don) for their very valuable comments on earlier versions of this

paper. Dr Tim Davenport (Wildlife Conservation Society, Tan-

zania Program Director) contributed important, unpublished in-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 100-110

formation about the locality and vegetation of Bwamba Pass

(Uganda). We kindly thank Prof Dr Johann-Wolfgang Wagele,

Dr Dieter Stiining and Karin Ulmen (ZFMK, Bonn) for their kind

advice, technical assistance and stylistic improvements. This pa-

per is a part of the PhD project of the first author at the Univer-

sity of Bonn.

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©OZFMK

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

May 2013

Seven new species of Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924

(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with redefinition of species-groups

and remarks on distribution and biology

Eduard Jendek' & Hong-Thai Pham’

‘Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada;

“Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST),

18 Hoang Quoc Viet St, Hanoi, Vietnam;

Corresponding author: Eduard Jendek (jendeke@gmail.com).

Abstract. Seven new species of the genus Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924 are described from Southeastern Asia; six from

the subgenus Coomaniella: C. calcarata sp. n., C. communis sp. n., C. copipes sp. n., C. lingafelteri sp. n., C. simulatrix

sp. n., C. tarsalis sp. n.; and one from the subgenus Strbaniella Jendek & Kalashian, 1999: C. brevicornis sp. n. Habitus

and diagnostic characters of all species are illustrated. New distributional records are given for C. biformis Bily & Kalashi-

an, 1994; C. biformissima Jendek & Kalashian, 1999; C. kubani Bily & Kalashian, 1994; C. lao Jendek & Kalashian,

1999; C. macropus Théry, 1929; C. marguieri Baudon, 1967 and C. violaceipennis Bourgoin, 1924. Two species-groups

are disallowed: Marguieri species-group and Violaceipennis species-group and both species Coomaniella marguieri Baudon,

1967 and C. violaceipennis Bourgoin, 1924 are transferred to Chinensis species-group. Collection circumstances and po-

tential adult and/or larval host plant are briefly discussed. The checklist of Coomaniella species is given.

Key words. Taxonomy, Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Coomaniellini, Coomaniella, new taxa, distribution, host plants.

INTRODUCTION

Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924 is the only genus in the tribe

Coomaniellini Bily, 1974. This genus is known only from

South and Southeastern Asia and comprises three subgen-

era: Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924; Tuberniella Jendek &

Kalashian, 1999 and Strbaniella Jendek & Kalashian,

1999. Species of Coomaniella are remarkable by the ex-

ceptionally large eyes, which are almost touching on the

vertex in some males. Some species exhibit extraordinary

sexual dimorphism affecting mostly antennomeres and tar-

someres. The genus was recently revised by Jendek &

Kalashian (1999). Since then, two other taxonomic papers

were published (Jendek 2002, 2005), the first describing

C. janka Jendek, 2005, the second synonymizing C. au-

reopilosa Théry, 1931 with C. violaceipennis Bourgoin,

1924. This paper describes seven new species thus rising

the number of species in the genus to 31. The differential

diagnosis is based exclusively on the male characters while

females of most species can not be reliably distinguished.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Subgeneric and species-group subdivision follows those

proposed by Jendek & Kalashian (1999). Because all new

species are thoroughly illustrated, descriptions are kept

brief and focused on the selected diagnostic characters or

Received: 09.11.2012

Accepted: 20.02.2013

characters not apparent from the images. Male genitalia

are not used for differential diagnostic because of being

very uniform and very feebly sclerotized.

Locality label data are cited verbatim and enclosed in

“quotation marks”. Examined material is grouped alpha-

betically by country. New country and provincial records

are highlighted in bold. Distribution is given alphabetical-

ly from the country to the next subordinate unit (province).

The name spelling for the country and its administrative

subdivision is adopted from the Norm ISO 3166-2 pub-

lished by the International Organization For Standardiza-

tion (1998).

ABBREVIATIONS FOR COLLECTIONS

BMNH The Natural History Museum, London,

United Kingdom

CNC Canadian National Collection of Insects,

Ottawa, Canada

EJCB Collection of E. Jendek, Ottawa, Canada

IEBR _Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources,

Hanoi, Vietnam

NMPC_ National Museum (Natural History),

Prague, Czech Republic

Corresponding editor: D. Ahrens

112 Eduard Jendek & Hong-Thai Pham

USNM_ National Museum of Natural History,

Washington D.C., USA

ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander

Koenig, Bonn, Germany

ZIN Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of

Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

COLLECTION CIRCUMSTANCES AND

REMARKS ON “RENDEZVOUS” TREE

At present, very little is known on the biology of

Coomaniella. Specimens of C. purpurascens from West

Bengal, India, were reported from Chukrasia tabularis

(Meliaceae) by Jendek (2002). Jendek & Kalashian (1999)

reported an Ai/anthus—like tree as a plant on which adults

of C. biformis Bily & Kalashian, 1994, C. biformissima

Jendek & Kalashian, 1999, C. kubani Bily & Kalashian,

1994, C. lao Jendek & Kalashian, 1999 and C. sausa Jen-

dek & Kalashian, 1999 were collected in Laos.

Coomaniella janka Jendek, 2005 was found on leaves of

Rhus (Anacardiaceae) in Henan, China (Jendek, 2005).

Svatopluk Bily (NMPC) reared specimens of C. purpuras-

cens Baudon, 1966 from the wooden pencil about 3 cm

in diameter, sold as a souvenir in Thailand (pers.com).

In years 2011-2012, collecting expeditions in Vietnam

brought, along with new species, additional information

on the biology of Coomaniella. Large series of specimens

of several species were collected in Vietnam in Cuc

Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh Province and at two dif-

ferent altitudes, 1422 m and 987 m, in Phia-Oac Moun-

tains, Cao Bang Province (see examined material).

The collecting site in Cuc Phuong National Park was

an abandoned orchard. Specimens were found on the A/-

bizzia-like trees 5—15 m tall and on the nearby vegetation,

mostly banana leaves. In the Phia-Oac Mountains, spec-

imens were collected from the small, healthy, roadside

trees, 3—S m tall (Figs 23-30). These trees are named “ren-

dezvous” trees because, typically, specimens of several

species were found assembled on them. Though flying

very fast, adults dwelled motionlessly for a long time ex-

clusively on the underside of leaves, often many speci-

mens or species side by side. The mating in this position

was also observed. Adults were present in the highest

abundance during the hottest part of the sunny, swelter-

ing weather, usually between 10 am and 4 pm. They were

not observed during cold, rainy or windy days. After vi-

sual examination, specimens could be easily collected

from the “rendezvous” tree by a sweeping net. Collected

specimens were often promptly replaced by newly arriv-

ing wave of specimens landing on the tree.

No exit holes or galleries were found on “rendezvous”

trees. Adult feeding on leaves was not recorded but is not

excluded. The reason for specimens assembling remains

unclear. The “rendezvous” trees from the site in Phia-Oac

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

Mountains, altitude 987 m (Figs 28-30) were determined

as Choerospondias axillaris (Anacardiaceae), which is na-

tive to South, Southeast and East Asia, from India to Chi-

na and Japan. The undetermined tree from the same lo-

cality but altitude 1422 m, seems very similar. So far, all

published Commaniella host records (see above) pertain

to plants with compound leaves.

TAXONOMIC SECTION

Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924

Subgenus Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924

Biformis species-group

Coomaniella biformis Bily & Kalashian, 1994

Fig. 27 (imago in situ)

Material examined. VIETNAM: 3 3 (CNC, EJCB): “N

Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N. Park,

N20°21°10”, E105°35’00”, 24-28.iv.2012, alt 440 m, leg.

Jendek E., Lingafelter S. & Pham H. T.” New provincial

record; 1 4 (CNC): “N Vietnam, Tam-Dao NP, Tam-Dao

env., 8-18.v.2012, 900-1200m, N21°27°38”, E105°38’28”,

leg. Jendek E..”; 1 9 (CNC): “N Vietnam, Tam-Dao NP,

Tam-Dao env., 13-26.vi.2011, 900-1200m, N21°277°38”,

E105°38’28”, E. Jendek leg.”.

Distribution. LAOS: Bolikhamxai; VIETNAM: Ninh

Binh, Vinh Phuc.

Coomaniella biformissima Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

Material examined. VIETNAM: 2 4, 3 2 (CNC, EJCB):

“N Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N. Park,

N20°21°10”, E105°35’00”, 24-28.1v.2012, alt 440 m, leg.

Jendek E., Lingafelter S. & Pham H. T.” New country

record.

Distribution. LAOS: Bolikhamxai; VIETNAM: Ninh

Binh.

Kubani species-group

Coomaniella kubani Bily & Kalashian, 1994

Material examined. VIETNAM: 2 4, 3 2 (CNC, EJCB):

“N Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N. Park,

N20°21710”, E105°35’00”, 24-28.1v.2012, alt 440 m, leg.

Jendek E., Lingafelter S. & Pham H. T.” New provincial

record.

©OZFMK

Seven new species of Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924 113

Figs 1-6. Habitus of Coomaniella. C. lingafelteri sp. n.: 1. Holotype 4, 6.4 mm 4. Paratype 9, 6.8 mm; C. tarsalis sp. n.: 2.

Holotype 4, 9.6 mm 5. Paratype 2, 10.8 mm; C. communis sp. n.: 3. Holotype 3, 6.2 mm 6. Paratype 2, 8.2 mm.

114 Eduard Jendek & Hong-Thai Pham

Distribution. LAOS: Bolikhamxai; VIETNAM: Lao Cai,

Ninh Binh.

Coomaniella lingafelteri sp. n.

Fig. 1 (habitus 4); Fig. 4 (habitus 2)

Description of holotype. Size: 6.4 mm. Body. Frons gold-

en—green; vertex golden—orange; pronotum purple; elytra

black—violet with golden-yellow epipleural (anterior *% of

elytra), humeral and sutural (anterior 1/3 of elytra) parts.

Dorsal side with short, semierect, pale pubescence.

Head. Vertex between eyes in narrowest part reduced to

2—3 rows of punctures; antennae very long, reaching to

elytral humeri; first antennomere and apical three anten-

nomeres golden—green, remaining ones ochreous. Prono-

tum strongly transverse, widest in middle, sides evenly

arcuate, anterior lobe conspicuous, subangulate; disk with

obvious, deep, lateral impressions and smaller anterome-

dial impression. Scutellum subpentagonal with obtuse an-

gles. Elytra with apices subtruncate and armed with spines

on each side, interspace between spines very faintly sin-

uate. Tarsi. Protarsus short, more than twice shorter than

protibia; protibia without apical spur; apical, inner mar-

gin of protibia with long, erect hairs; tarsomere | feebly

incrassate, without spine on anterior outer margin, about

as long as next three tarsomeres combined; apical inner

margin of mesotibia and lateroventral part of mesotar-

somere | with obvious, long, erect hairs; mesotarsomere

1 strikingly, irregularly incrassate; shorter than following

tarsomeres combined. apical half of mesotibia and

metatarsomeres | with long, sparse, whitish hairs under-

neath; metatibia with obvious apical spur; metatarsus with-

out distinct modifications; metatarsomere | shorter than

following tarsomeres combined.

Variability. Size: 5.4-7.2 mm. Pronotum varies from

golden-orange to purple; lateral spines on elytral apices

sometimes obscure or missing; interspace between them

sometimes subtruncate. Sexual modifications. Females

are generally larger and more robust; vertex between eyes

in narrowest part reduced to 5—6 rows of punctures; an-

tennae and tarsi without obvious modifications. Ovipos-

itor long and thin.

Diagnosis. Coomaniella lingafelteri sp. n. belongs to the

Kubani species-group based on the very long, ochreous

antennae and incrassate mesotarsomere |. It differs from

C. kubani by having the metallic color of all tarsomeres,

which are in C. kubani partly ochreous. It can be distin-

guished from the closest C. bicolor Jendek & Kalashian,

1999 by the different dorsal color and by the shape of the

incrassate mesotarsomere 1, which is much wider than that

in C. bicolor.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

Material examined. Holotype, ¢ (CNC): “Vietnam, Cao

Bang Prov., Phia-Oac Mountain Rd, 1422 m, +22° 36’

15.60”, +105° 53’ 0.60”, 30 April - 5 May 2012, leg. Jen-

dek, Lingafelter, Pham”. Paratypes: 41 (CNC, EJCB,

IEBR, USNM, ZFMK) from the same locality as holotype.

Host plant. Unknown.

Distribution. VIETNAM: Cao Bang.

Etymology. Patronymic; the species was named in hon-

our of Steve Lingafelter (USNM), an eminent expert on

Cerambycidae, one of the collectors of this species.

Marguieri species-group

Remarks. This species-group was proposed by Jendek &

Kalashian (1999) based on a single available specimen

(holotype) of C. marguieri Baudon, 1967. Recently col-

lected additional specimens allowed re-examination of the

species concept. Coomaniella marguieri is transferred to

Chinensis species—group and the Marguieri species—group

is disallowed. See also remarks below C. marguieri.

Violaceipennis species-group

Remarks. This species-group was proposed by Jendek &

Kalashian (1999) for two species: Coomaniella viola-

ceipennis Bourgoin, 1924 and C. aureopilosa Théry, 1931.

The later was synonymized with C. violaceipennis by Jen-

dek (2002). The examination of recently collected speci-

mens revealed that the sole diagnostic character of this

species—group, the tridentate elytral apices, is quite vari-

able in C. violaceipennis. For this reason the Violaceipen-

nis species—group is disallowed and C. violaceipennis , be-

cause of lacking spine on outer margin of protarsomere

1, is transferred to the Chinensis species—group.

Chinensis species-group

Coomaniella violaceipennis Bourgoin, 1924

Material examined. Vietnam: 5 4, 6 2 (CNC, EJCB):

“N Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N. Park,

N20°21710”, E105°35’00”, 24-28.iv.2012, alt 440 m, leg.

Jendek E., Lingafelter S. & Pham H. T.” New provincial

record.

Distribution. VIETNAM: Ha Giang, Ninh Binh, Vinh

Phuc.

©ZFMK

Seven new species of Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924 115

Coomaniella marguieri Baudon, 1967

Fig. 14 (habitus 3)

Diagnosis. C. marguieri belongs to the Chinensis species-

group by lacking the obvious, male sexual modifications

on tarsomeres. This species is unique by the following

combination of characters: body is dorsally golden-green,

pronotum sometimes golden-orange; elytral apices and

epipleura with bluish tinge; vertex between eyes in male

reduced to 1—2 rows of punctures in narrowest part; an-

tennae and tarsi in male without obvious sexual modifi-

cations; protibia and metatibia in male are armed with a

long apical spine on the inner side. It can be distinguished

by the golden—green color and by the presence of tibial

spines from C. chinensis Jendek & Kalashian, 1999. By

the golden color of ventral side, C. marguieri resembles

C. janka, but it can be distinguished by having the protib-

ial spine and by lacking protruding spine on the protar-

somere |.

Variability. Size: 7.2—9.6 mm. Pronotum widest at mid-

dle or in posterior third; pronotal sides in male from ar-

cuate to almost straight (holotype); elytral apices bispinose

with straight or sinuate interspace.

Sexual modifications: Males are generally smaller, slen-

der and more flat than females.

Material examined. VIETNAM: 2 4, 2 2 (CNC, EJCB):

“N Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N. Park

N20°21°10”, E105°35’00”, 24-28.iv.2012, alt 440 m, leg.

Jendek E., Lingafelter S. & Pham H. T.” New country

record.

Distribution. VIETNAM: Ninh Binh; THAILAND: Chi-

ang Mai.

Remarks. This enigmatic species was described from a

single male. Jendek & Kalashian, 1999 redescribed the

holotype preserved in BMNH. The holotype is remarkable

by having much prolonged elytra and especially the nar-

row pronotum with the sides almost straight. For this rea-

son, the Marguieri species-group was proposed exclusive-

ly for this species. Recent finding of additional specimens,

including females, revealed that the shape of pronotal sides

varies in this species. Coomaniella marguieri is transferred

to the Chinensis species-group (see Diagnosis).

Coomaniella tarsalis sp. n.

Fig. 2 (habitus 3); Fig. 5 (habitus 9); Fig 15 (protarsus);

Fig. 22 (mesotarsus)

Description of holotype. Size 9.6 mm. Body deep-blue

dorsally with greenish parts on pronotal sides, across

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

humeri and along suture in basal 1/3 of elytra; pronotum

and elytra with inconspicuous, sparse pubescence; ventral

side golden-green. Head. Vertex in narrowest part reduced

to one row of punctures; antennae not modified, reaching

to half of pronotal length. Pronotum strongly transverse;

sides strongly, evenly arcuate, widest in middle; anterior

pronotal lobe missing; anterior margin narrower than pos-

terior; disk with obvious, deep, lateral impressions cov-

ered with white efflorescence. Scutellum cordiform with

truncate anterior margin. Elytra with distinct lateral spines

on apices, interspace between them obviously sinuate or

subangulate. Tarsi. Protibia without spur; protarsus as long

or longer than half of protibia; protarsomere | distinctly

incrassate and about as long as following three tarsomeres

combined; apical inner side of protibia and lateroventral

portions of protarsomere | with long, erect hairs, apex of

protarsomere | truncate without spine on outer side; meso-

tarsomere | obviously incrassate, enlarged apically and

about as long as following three tarsomeres combined, api-

cal inner side of mesotibia and lateroventral side of meso-

tarsomere | with long, erect hairs; metatibia on apical in-

ner side with long spur; metatarsomere | longer then fol-

lowing tarsomeres combined.

Variability. Size: 9.0—-11.1 mm. The white pronotal efflo-

rescence is often vanished. Shape of elytral apices varies

from bispinose with sinuate interspace to bispinose with

subangulate interspace. Sexual modifications. Females

are generally larger and more robust; narrowest part of the

vertex between eyes reduced to 5—6 rows of punctures;

pronotum widest in posterior third.

Diagnosis. Coomaniella tarsalis sp. n. belongs to the Chi-

nensis species-group based on the lack of spine on the pro-

tarsomere |. It can be distinguished by the color and by

the incrassate pro- and mesotarsomere |. The female of

C. tarsalis sp. n. can be recognized from other similar

species by the longer metatarsomere 1.

Material examined. Holotype, 3 (CNC): “N Vietnam,

Ninh Binh prov., Cuc Phuong N. Park, N20°21°10”,

E105°35’00”, 24-28.iv.2012, alt 440 m, leg. Jendek E.,

Lingafelter S. & Pham H. T.”. Paratypes: 5 (CNC, EJCB):

from the same locality as holotype.

Distribution. VIETNAM: Ninh Binh.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Greek

noun farsos (flat of the foot); it refers to the strikingly

modified tarsi of the species.

©OZFMK

116 Eduard Jendek & Hong-Thai Pham

Coomaniella communis sp. n.

Fig. 3 (habitus 4); Fig. 6 (habit. 2); Fig. 18 (mesotarsus)

Description of holotype. Size 6.2 mm. Body. Head gold-

en-green; pronotum and elytra blue; pronotal sides with

golden—blue tinge; ventral side with pale, sparse, semierect

pubescence. Head. Vertex between eyes in narrowest part

reduced to two rows of punctures; antennae reaching to

about half of pronotal length. Pronotum transverse, dis-

tinctly narrower than elytra across humeri, widest in mid-

dle; sides strongly, evenly arcuate; disk with obvious, deep

lateral impressions, very narrowly separate in middle.

Scutellum subpentagonal with corners obtuse; impressed

on disk. Elytra with apices subtruncate and armed with

small lateral spines; interspace very faintly sinuate. Legs.

Protarsus not shortened, longer than half of protibia;

protibia and protarsomere | without long, whitish hairs,

protibia without apical spur; protarsomere | very faintly,

dorsally incrassate, without spine on outer margin;

mesotibia with small, obscure, apical spur; mesotarsomere

1 slightly, ventrally incrassate, distinctly prolonged and

slightly subtriangular, with apical inner margin not

acuminate, shorter than following tarsomeres combined;

apical half of mesotibia and lateroventral portions of meso-

tarsomere | with long, sparse, whitish hairs underneath;

metatibia with obvious apical spur; metatarsus without ob-

vious modifications; metatarsomere | long but shorter than

following tarsomeres combined. Ventral side. Basal part

of abdomen just behind metaxocae distinctly attenuate.

Variability. Size: 5.8—8.2 mm. Elytral pubescence 1s part-

ly obscure in some specimens; shape of elytral apices

varies considerably, lateral spines are obliterate or almost

absent, interspace between spine is straight, sinuate or

sometimes subangulate.

Sexual modifications. Female is generally larger and

more robust; vertex between eyes in narrowest part re-

duced to 5—6 rows of punctures; antennae shorter, legs

without modifications.

Diagnosis. Coomaniella communis sp. n. belongs to the

Chinensis species-group by the general habitus and by the

protarsomere | without spine on the outer margin in male.

It is very close to C. chinensis Jendek & Kalashian, from

which it can be distinguished by the less conspicuous pu-

bescence on ventral side; longer and slender legs; apex of

mesotibia and mesotarsus | with conspicuous, long,

whitish hairs on the underside, length of hairs is distinct-

ly longer than diameter of mesotarsomerel; mesotar-

somere | distinctly longer and only slightly subtriangu-

lar; metatibia in male not bent; metatarsomere | distinct-

ly subparallel, longer and more slender; basal part of ab-

domen just behind metaxocae distinctly attenuate but with-

out medial sulcus.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

Material examined. Holotype, 3 (CNC): “Vietnam, Cao

Bang Prov., Phja-Den environs, 987 m, +22° 34’ 35.50”,

+105° 52’ 34.26”, 30 April - 5 May 2012, leg. Jendek, Lin-

gafelter, Pham”. Paratypes: 314 (CNC, EJCB, IEBR,

NMPC, USNM, ZIN, ZFMK) from the same locality as

holotype.

Distribution. VIETNAM: Cao Bang.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from Latin ad-

jective communis (common, general); it refers to the

amount of collected specimens of this new species.

Macropus species-group

Coomaniella lao Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

Material examined. LAOS: 5 ¢ (EJCB): “Laos NE, Hua

Phan prov., 20°19’N, 104°25’E, 25 km SE Vieng Xai (by

road), Ban Kangpabong env., 14-18.v.2001, D. Hauck

leg.” New provincial record. VIETNAM: 4 ¢, 2 2

(CNC, EJCB): “N Vietnam, Vinh Phuc prov., Melinh bio-

diversity station, N105°42’44”, E21°23’04”, 9-12.vi.2011,

80-200m, E. Jendek leg.” New country and provincial

record; 2 4 (CNC, EJCB): “N Vietnam, Ninh Binh prov.,

Cuc Phuong N. Park, N20°21°10”, E105°35’00”, 24-

28.1v.2012, alt 440 m, leg. Jendek E., Lingafelter S. &

Pham H. T.” New country and provincial record.

Distribution. LAOS: Bolikhamxai, Houaphan, Louang

Namtha. VIETNAM: Ninh Binh, Vinh Phuc.

Coomaniella macropus Théry, 1929

Material examined. VIETNAM: 20 (CNC, EJCB, IEBR,

USNM): “Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phia-Oac Mountain

Rd, 1422 m, +22° 36’ 15.60”, +105° 53’ 0.60”, 30 April

- 5 May 2012, leg. Jendek, Lingafelter, Pham” New

provincial record.

Distribution. VIETNAM: Cao Bang, Vinh Phuc.

Coomaniella copipes sp. n.

Fig. 7 (habitus 4); Fig. 10 (habitus 9); Fig. 20 (mesotar-

sus)

Description of holotype. Size 7.5 mm. Body. Head gold-

en-green, pronotum golden with greenish tinge laterally,

elytra deeply violet with turquoise epipleural, humeral and

sutural margins, sutural coloration in form of sharply de-

limited narrow wedge reaching to one fourth of anterior

elytral length. Head. Vertex between eyes in narrowest

©OZFMK

Seven new species of Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924 Nag

Figs 7-11. Habitus of Coomaniella. C. copipes sp. 0.: 7. Holotype 4, 7.5 mm 10. Paratype 2, 7.6 mm; C. calcarata sp. n. 8.

Holotype 3, 9.0 mm; C. simulatrix sp. n.: 9. Holotype 3, 7.8 mm 11. Paratype 2, 8.7 mm.

118

Eduard Jendek & Hong-Thai Pham

Table 1. Differential diagnosis of Coomaniella copipes sp. n., C. calcarata sp. n. and C. simulatrix sp. n.

C. copipes sp. n.

C. calcarata sp. n.

C. simulatrix sp. n.

Antennae reaching to posterior pronotal

(length) angles

Pronotum golden

(color)

Protibia in male absent

(pubescence on apical margin)

strikingly incrassate, subparallel,

apical end obviously wider than basal

Mesotarsomere | in male

(shape)

Mesotarsomere | in male absent

(pubescence on ventral side)

reaching to half of pronotal

length

Dark-violet with golden-green

lateral parts

present

strikingly incrassate, distinctly

subtriangular, apical end

obviously wider than basal

reaching to half of pronotal

length

Dark-violet with

golden-green lateral parts

present

faintly incrassate, slightly

subtriangular rarely

subparallel, apical end

subequal or slightly wider

than basal

present present

part reduced to two rows of punctures; antennae long,

reaching to posterior pronotal angles. Pronotum trans-

verse, distinctly narrower than elytra across humeri, widest

in middle; sides strongly, evenly arcuate; disk with obvi-

ous, deep lateral impressions very narrowly separate in the

middle. Scutellum subpentagonal with corners obtuse.

Elytra without obvious pubescence; apices subtruncate,

with small lateral spines; interspace very faintly sinuate.

Legs. Protarsus obviously short, more than twice shorter

than protibia; protibia without apical spur and long hairs

on apical end; protarsomere | incrassate, with the apical

spine on outer margin reaching beyond anterior margin of

protarsomere 2; mesotibia with long, reddish apical spur;

mesotarsomere 1 strikingly incrassate, subparallel,

dorsoventrally flattened, longer and wider than following

tarsomeres combined, with inner apical angle obviously

sharply acuminate, dorsally without obvious pubescence;

apex of mesotibia and first three metatarsomeres with

long, sparse, whitish hairs underneath; metatibia with ap1-

cal spur; metatarsus without obvious modifications;

metatarsomere | about as long as following tarsomeres

combined.

Variability. Size: 7.5—7.6 mm.

Sexual modifications. Female with golden-orange prono-

tum; vertex between eyes in narrowest part reduced to four

rows of punctures; antennae distinctly shorter.

Diagnosis. Coomaniella copipes sp. n. belongs to the

Macropus species-group by having the protarsomere |

with the spine on the outer margin in male. It is very sim-

ilar to C. calcarata sp. n. and C. simulatrix sp. n. by the

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

general habitus and by the form of the male mesotar-

somere |. It can be distinguished by the characters given

in the Table 1.

Material examined. Holotype, 3 (CNC): “Vietnam, Cao

Bang Prov., Phia-Oac Mountain Rd, 1422 m, +22° 36’

15.60”, +105° 53’ 0.60”, 30 April - 5 May 2012, leg. Jen-

dek, Lingafelter, Pham”. Paratypes: 3 (EJCB, USNM)

from the same locality as holotype.

Distribution. VIETNAM: Cao Bang.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from Latin

nouns copis (cleaver, knife) and pes (foot); it refers to the

curiously modified mesotarsus | of the species.

Coomaniella calcarata sp. n.

Fig. 8 (habitus 3); Fig 16 (protarsus); Fig. 21 (mesotar-

sus)

Description of holotype. Size 9.0 mm. Body. Head gold-

n-blue with golden-green tinge in lower part; pronotum

dark-violet with golden-green posterolateral parts; elytra

deeply violet with blue epipleural, humeral and sutural

margins; sutural coloration in form of vaguely delimited

narrow wedge reaching to one fourth of anterior elytral

length. Head. Vertex between eyes in narrowest part re-

duced to two rows of punctures; antennae long, reaching

beyond half of pronotal length. Pronotum transverse, dis-

tinctly narrower than elytra across humeri, widest in mid-

dle; sides strongly, evenly arcuate; disk with obvious, deep

lateral impressions very narrowly separate in the middle.

OZFMK

Seven new species of Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924 119

its) 16 iy

Figs 12-22. Habitus of Coomaniella. C. brevitarsis sp. n.: 12. Holotype 4, 11.0 mm 13. Paratype 2, 14 mm; 14. C. marguieri

Baudon, 1967, 4, 7.6 mm; Protarsi of Coomaniella: 15. C. tarsalis sp. n.; 16. C. calcarata sp. n.; 17. C. simulatrix sp. n.; Meso-

tarsi of Coomaniella: 18. C. communis sp. n.; 19. C. simulatrix sp. n.; 20. C. copipes sp. n.; 21. C. calcarata sp. n.; 22. C. tarsalis

sp. n.

Scutellum subpentagonal with corners obtuse. Elytra

without obvious pubescence; apices subtruncate, with

small lateral spines; interspace very faintly sinuate. Legs.

Protarsus obviously short, more than twice shorter than

protibia; protibia with long hairs on apical inner margin,

without apical spur; protarsomere | incrassate, with ob-

vious apical hook-like spine on outer margin reaching an-

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

terior margin of protarsomere 3, tip of spine bent inwards;

mesotibia with long, reddish apical spur; mesotarsomere

1 strikingly incrassate, strongly subtriangular, dorsally

convex, ventrally flattened, longer than following tar-

someres combined, with inner apical angle obviously ob-

tusely acuminate, dorsally with obvious pubescence; api-

cal half of mesotibia and first three metatarsomeres with

©ZFMK

120 Eduard Jendek & Hong-Thai Pham

long, sparse, whitish hairs underneath; metatibia with api-

cal spur; metatarsus without obvious modifications;

metatarsomere | about as long as following tarsomeres

combined.

Variability. Size: 8.7—9.0 mm. The single male paratype

differs by blue color of elytral disk and golden-green col-

or of epipleural, humeral and sutural margins.

Sexual modifications. Female unknown.

Diagnosis. Coomaniela calcarata sp. n. is very closely re-

lated to C. copipes sp. n. and C. simulatrix sp. n. by the

general habitus and by the form of the male mesotar-

somere |. It can be distinguished from them by the char-

acters given in the Table 1.

Material examined. Holotype, ¢ (CNC): “Vietnam, Cao

Bang Prov., Phia-Oac Mountain Rd, 1422 m, +22° 36’

15.60”, +105° 53’ 0.60”, 30 April - 5 May 2012, leg. Jen-

dek, Lingafelter, Pham”. Paratypes (CNC, EJCB, IEBR,

USNM): 3 from the same locality as holotype; 1 @: “N

Vietnam, Cao Bang prov., Phia-Oac Mts, Phia-Den env.,

N22°34’01”, E105°52’14” , 30.v.-7.vi.2011, 800-1200m,

E. Jendek leg.”.

Distribution. VIETNAM: Cao Bang.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from Latin ad-

jective calcaratus, -a, -um (having a calcar or calcaria;

spurred); it refers to the obviously spurred meso- and

metatibia of the species.

Coomaniella simulatrix sp. n.

Fig. 9 (habitus ¢); Fig. 11 (habitus 2); Fig 17 (protarsus);

Fig. 19 (mesotarsus); Fig. 26 (imago in situ)

Description of holotype. Size 7.8 mm. Body. Head gold-

en-blue in upper half, golden-green in lower part; prono-

tum dark-violet with golden-green lateral parts; elytra

deeply violet with blue epipleural and sutural margins; su-

tural coloration in form of very vaguely delimited narrow

wedge reaching to one fifth of anterior elytral length.

Head. Vertex between eyes in narrowest part reduced to

two rows of punctures; antennae reaching to about half

of pronotal length. Pronotum transverse, distinctly nar-

rower than elytra across humeri, widest in middle; sides

strongly, evenly arcuate; disk with obvious, deep lateral

impressions very narrowly separate in the middle. Scutel-

lum subpentagonal with corners obtuse; impressed on

disk. Elytra without obvious pubescence; apices subtrun-

cate, with small lateral spines; interspace distinctly sinu-

ate. Legs. Protarsus obviously short, more than twice

shorter than protibia; protibia with few sparse long hairs

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

on apical inner margin, without apical spur; protarsomere 1

incrassate, with obvious apical hook—like spine on outer

margin reaching anterior margin of protarsomere 3, tip of

spine bent inwards; mesotibia with long, reddish apical

spur; mesotarsomere | strikingly incrassate, finely subtri-

angular, dorsally feebly convex, ventrally flattened,

longer than following tarsomeres combined, with inner

apical angle obviously sharply acuminate, dorsally with

obvious pubescence; apical half of mesotibia and first

three metatarsomeres with long, sparse, whitish hairs un-

derneath; metatibia with apical spur; metatarsus without

obvious modifications; metatarsomere | about as long as

following tarsomeres combined.

Variability. Size: 7.2-10.2 mm. Color of elytra varies

from blue-violet to reddish-violet, differently colored an-

terolateral marginal portions of elytra vary in extend from

clearly delimited to obscure; incrassation of mesotar-

somere | faint in some males.

Sexual modifications. Female with vertex between eyes

in narrowest part reduced to 4-6 rows of punctures; an-

tennae distinctly shorter.

Diagnosis. Coomaniela simulatrix sp. n. is very closely

related to C. calcarata sp. n. and C. copipes sp. n. by the

general habitus and by the form of the male mesotar-

somere |. It can be distinguished by the characters given

in the Table 1.

Material examined. Holotype, 3 (CNC): “Vietnam, Cao

Bang Prov., Phia-Oac Mountain Rd, 1422 m, +22° 36’

15.60”, +105° 53’ 0.60”, 30 April - 5 May 2012, leg. Jen-

dek, Lingafelter, Pham”. Paratypes: 102 (CNC, EJCB,

IEBR, USNM) from the same locality as holotype.

Distribution. VIETNAM: Cao Bang.

Etymology. The specific name is Latin noun simulatrix,

-icis which is feminine form of simulator meaning pre-

tender. It refers to the similarity of this species with C.

copipes sp. n. and C. calcarata sp. n.

Subgenus Strbaniella Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

Coomaniella brevicornis sp. n.

Fig. 12 (habitus @); Fig. 13 (habitus 2)

Description of holotype. Size: 11.0 mm. Body cuneiform,

slender; head, elytra, ventral side and appendices

golden—green, pronotal sides golden-orange. Head. Ver-

tex roughly punctate, in narrowest part between the eyes

reduced to 5—6 rows of punctures; antennae very short,

reaching scarcely to anterior pronotal corners. Pronotum

OZFMK

Seven new species of Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924 12

TERE

25 5 Wo oo oe oe oe oe oe

5 ‘3

¢ moe fh (> ED my :

Figs 23-30. Trees and Coomaniella specimens in situ. 23-25. “Rendezvous” tree, Phia-Oac Mts, altitude 1422 m; 26. C. simu-

latrix sp. n.; 27. C. biformis Bily & Kalashian, 1994; 28-30. “Rendezvous” tree identified as Choerospondias axillaris (Anacar-

diaceae), Phia-Oac Mts, altitude 987 m.

122 Eduard Jendek & Hong-Thai Pham

distinctly narrower than elytra in humeral section, widest

at anterior third; anterior pronotal margin subequal to pos-

terior; disk feebly convex, without lateral impressions, an-

terior angles with small, smooth, shiny portions. Scutel-

lum oval with truncate anterior margin and finely im-

pressed disk. Elytra roughly, densely tuberculate with stri-

ae obsolete; elytral apices subtruncate with lateral spines,

outer spine longer than inner one. Tarsi. Protibia with

short, inconspicuous spur; protarsus distinctly longer than

half of protibia; protarsomere | not incrassate and short-

er than following three tarsomeres combined; apex of

protibia and protarsomere | without long hairs, apex of

protarsomere | without spine on outer anterior margin;

mesotarsomere | faintly incrassate, shorter than follow-

ing three tarsomeres combined; lateroventral side of meso-

tarsomere | with long, erect hairs; metatibia on apical in-

ner margin with obvious spur; metatarsomere | not incras-

sate, shorter the following tarsomeres combined. Ventral

side. Last ventrite subtruncate on apex and markedly over-

lapped by elytral apices, the length of protruded portion

is subequal to length of last ventrite.

Variability. Size: 11.0-14.0 mm. Two male paratypes

have pronotum widest at middle and elytral sides

golden—orange.

Sexual modifications. Females are generally larger and

more robust; head strongly convex; eyes less convex; ver-

tex in narrowest part reduced to 6—7 rows of punctures;

anterior pronotal margin distinctly narrower than poste-

rior; tarsi without obvious modifications. Ovipositor long

and thin.

Diagnosis. This species, together with C. prolonga Jen-

dek & Kalashian, 1999, belongs to the subgenus Strban-

iella. The male of C. brevicornis sp. n. can be distin-

guished by the following combination of characters:

pronotum and lateral sides of the elytra golden-orange;

pronotum in widest part distinctly narrower than the ely-

tra across humer1; pronotal sides less arcuate; disk feebly

convex without large lateral impressions; mesotarsomere

1 faintly incrassate, shorter than three following tar-

someres combined and covered with sparse, long, erect

hairs; metatibial spur obvious; elytral apices faintly arcu-

ately emarginate or subtruncate with interspace between

lateral spines almost straight. The female of C. brevicor-

nis sp. n. resembles females of C. biformis and C. biformis-

sima, but the body is distinctly more slender and less con-

vex, and the pronotum is strikingly less transverse. The

female of C. prolonga is unknown.

Material examined. Holotype, 3 (EJCB): “N Vietnam,

Ninh Binh prov. Cuc Phuong N. Park N20°21710”,

E105°35’00” 24-28.iv.2012, alt 440m leg. Jendek E., Lin-

gafelter S. & Pham H. T.”. Paratypes: 3 2 (CNC, EJCB,

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

NMPC): “LAOS C., Bolikhamsai pr., Ban Nape env. 7-

16.V.2004, alt. 4004100 m, 18°20’N, 105°08’E, E. Jen-

dek & O. SauSa leg.”; 2 4 (EJCB, NMPC): “Laos-NE,

Houa Phan prov., 20°12-13.5’N, 103°59’.5-104°01’E, Ban

Saleuy — Phou Pane Mt., 1340-1870m, 2.-22.vi.2011, Vit

Kuban & Lao coll. legit.\ primary mountain forest, indi-

vidual collecting. Lao 2011 Expedition National Museum

Prague, Czech Republic”.

Host plant. Unknown. The holotype was collected by

sweeping the crowns of Albizia like trees. Paratypes from

Ban Nape were found laying the eggs into the bark of large

trunk of unknown tree.

Distribution. LAOS: Bolikhamxai, Houaphan. VIET-

NAM: Ninh Binh.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from Latin ad-

jective brevis (short) and the noun cornu (horn); it refers

to the strikingly short antennae of the species.

Acknowlegements. We are particularly thankful to the Institute

of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Acade-

my of Scienced and Technology (VAST) for giving us the op-

portunity to perform the research. The present study was par-

tially supported by the project of the Department of Insect Sys-

tematics, IEBR, and National Foundation for Science and Tech-

nology Development (NAFOSTED-106.12—2012.63). All col-

lection curators are sincerely acknowledged for their help in ac-

cessing the specimens. I thank Ale’ Smetana, Vasily Greben-

nikov (both Ottawa, Canada) and Steve Lingafelter (USNM) for

consultation and comments on the early version of the manu-

script. Sincere thanks also due to a botanist Nguyen The Cuong

(Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam)

for determination of the tree Choerospondias axillaris. 1 thank

the Candian Food Inspection Agency and USDA Agriculture Re-

search Service and US Forest Service, International Programs,

for funding travel and logistical support in Vietnam.

CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS COOMANIELLA

BOURGOIN, 1924

Subgenus Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924

Biformis species-group

C. biformis Bily & Kalashian, 1994

C. biformissima Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

Modesta species-group

C. modesta Bourgoin, 1924

C. purpurascens Baudon, 1966

Kubani species-group

C. bicolor Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. kubani Bily & Kalashian, 1994

C. lingafelteri sp. n.

©ZFMK

Seven new species of Coomaniella Bourgoin, 1924 12

Siniaevi species-group

C. siniaevi Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

Chinensis species-group

C. chinensis Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. communis sp. n.

C. marguieri Baudon, 1967

C. tarsalis sp. n.

C. violaceipennis Bourgoin, 1924

Macropus species-group

C. calcarata sp. n.

C. copipes sp. n.

C. daoensis Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. isolata Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. janka Jendek, 2005

C. lao Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. macropus Thery, 1929

C. nativa Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. orlovi Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. pacholatkoi Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. simulatrix sp. n.

C. sausa Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

Species incertae sedis

C. jeanvoinei Théry, 1929

C. marseuli Obenberger, 1940

Subgenus Tuberniella Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. abeillei Obenberger, 1940

C. taiwanensis Baudon, 1966

Subgenus S¢trbaniella Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

C. brevicornis sp. n.

C. prolonga Jendek & Kalashian, 1999

Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 111-123

WwW

REFERENCES

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Baudon A (1967) Une Coomaniella nouvelle de Thailande

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Bily S (1974) A revision of the genus Coomaniella Bourgoin of

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and their subdivisions — Part 2: Country subdivision code

Jendek E (2002) New synonymy in the genus Coomaniella

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Jendek E (2005) Coomaniella (Coomaniella) janka sp. n. from

China (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Zootaxa 850: 14

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Obenberger J (1940) Ad regionis palaearcticae Buprestidarum

cognitionem additamenta. Studie 0 palaearktickych krascich

(Col. Bupr.). Acta Musaei nationalis Pragae (Zool. No. 3) 2

B, No. 6: 111-189.

Théry A (1929) Note sur le genre Coomaniella (Col. Bupresti-

dae). Bulletin du Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris

(2) 1 (6): 387-391

Théry A (1931) Espéce nouvelle du genre Coomaniella Bourg.

(Col. Buprestidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de

France 3: 43-44

©ZFMK

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The Bonn zoological Bulletin (BzB), formerly “Bonner zoologi-

sche Beitrage’’, is an international, peer-reviewed, open access jour-

nal publishing original research articles, reviews, and scientific notes

dealing with organismal zoology. Focus of the BzB are (1) taxon-

omy, (2) systematics and evolution, and (3) biodiversity and bio-

geography, all with respect to terrestrial animals. Terrestrial animals

as understood here include those inhabiting fresh or brackish wa-

ters. Contributions from related fields like ecology, morphology,

anatomy, physiology or behaviour are welcome when of clear rel-

evance to the focus topics.

Publication in BzB is free of charge, including colour illustrations

or photographs contributing significantly to quality and / or read-

ability of the manuscript. Authors retain full copyright of their pub-

lished papers, may share them with colleagues, and are encouraged

to post the original pdfs on their personal or institutional website

for non-commercial use. All material must be original, unpublished

work and not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Research articles: Manuscript preparation and submission

Manuscripts should be written in English. For serving readers from

the organism’s country of origin, bilingual abstracts are welcome.

If you plan to submit a manuscript of more than 50 manuscript pages,

please contact the editor-in-chief in advance. Please submit your

manuscript as electronic file (see paragraph on electronic submis-

sion below). Manuscripts should strictly follow the instructions spec-

ified below. Manuscripts not compatible with these guidelines will

not be taken into consideration.

Format Typing should be double-spaced in 10 pt throughout the text,

including tables, figure legends, and reference list. Pages and lines

should be numbered consecutively. Short subheadings may struc-

ture the text into sections. Do not number headings or subheadings.

Structure Research articles should be organized as follows: Title,

Author(s), Address(es) including email address and telephone, Ab-

stract, Key words, Running Title, Introduction, Material and Meth-

ods, Results, Discussion (or combined Results and Discussion), Con-

clusions (optional), Acknowledgements, References, Tables, Figure

Captions, Figures (separately numbered and identified), Appendices

(if necessary). Footnotes should not be used except in Tables.

Title The title should be brief (30 words limit, ideally shorter) and

indicate clearly the field of study and group of animals investigat-

ed. The systematic position of taxa listed in the title must be indi-

cated (e.g. “Squamata: Colubridae”). A Running Title (maximum 45

characters inclusive of spaces) should describe the paper’s core top-

ic.

Abstract Each manuscript should contain a concise abstract as sin-

gle paragraph (max. 200 words) summarizing the significant find-

ings, followed by not more than six key words.

References In the text, cited sources should be referred to as fol-

lows: Ax (2001), Kim & Lumaret (1989), Holm et al. (1997) — for

three or more authors, or, if cited consecutively: (Ax 2001, 2002;

Holm et al. 1997; Kim & Lumaret 1989) — please follow exactly

the use of commas and semicolons. Do not use commas between

author and year (only exception: taxonomic names, in which a com-

ma is placed between author and year).

The list of references should be arranged alphabetically according

to the surname of the first author; all authors should be included.

Citations of two or more authors should be arranged alphabetical-

ly according to the first- and then the following author’s surname.

When more than one reference is given for a single author or the

same combination of authors, these should be arranged chronolog-

ically. If citing more than one reference by the same author(s) pub-

lished in the same year, use a, b, etc. after the year in both, text and

reference list (e.g. 2006a, b). The names of journals in the

References should be given in full. References “in press” shall on-

ly be cited when they have been accepted for publication. Exam-

ples of reference style are:

Kottelat M, Whitten T, Kartikasari SN, Wirjoatmodjo S (1993)

Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus

Editions, Hong Kong

Mayr E (2000) The biological species concept. Pp. 17—29 in: Wheel-

er QD & Meier R (eds.) Species Concepts and Phylogenetic The-

ory — A Debate. Columbia University Press, New York

Parenti RP (2008) A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision

of ricefishes, Oryzias and relatives (Beloniformes, Adrianichthyi-

dae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154: 494-610

Sullivan J (1994) Bufo boreas. In: Fire Effects Information System

(U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Moun-

tain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory). Online at

http://www. fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/amphibian/bubo/all.ht

ml last accessed on December 28, 2009

Sztencel-Jablonka A, Jones G, Bogdanowicz W (2009) Skull mor-

phology of two cryptic bat species: Pipistrellus pipistrellus and

P. pygmaeus — a 3D geometric morphometrics approach with land-

mark reconstruction. Acta Chiropterologica 11: 113-126

Authors are kindly requested to make sure that sources listed in the

References match those cited in the text. Names of persons who pro-

vided unpublished information should be cited by including the ini-

tial(s) and city as follows: “(JG Frommen, Bonn, pers. comm.

2009)”.

Tables and Figures Tables and Figures should not duplicate infor-

mation provided in the text. Tables should be numbered consecu-

tively in Arabian numbers in order of their mention in the text (Table

1, Tables 1-3; do not abbreviate “Table(s)”). A brief self-explana-

tory title should be typed directly above each table, not on a sepa-

rate page. Do not insert frames, vertical rules, dotted lines or foot-

notes. Figures (maps, graphs, charts, drawings, photographs etc.)

must be numbered consecutively using Arabian numbers in order

of their mention in the text (abbreviate “Fig. 1”, “Figs 1-3” etc. in

the text, but use the full term “Figure(s)” in the captions. If refer-

ring to illustrations in cited sources, use “fig. / figs”. Grouped fig-

ures should be lettered with a lower case block letter in the lower

left corner. Scale should be indicated on figures by a scale bar. A

fully descriptive caption of each figure should contain all relevant

information; captions are to be typed together on a separate page.

Colour figures will be published free of charge if contributing sig-

nificantly to quality and / or readability of the manuscript. The de-

cision to print in colour or black and white any figure submitted in

colour will generally be based on the referee’s and handling editor’s

recommendations, but remains with the editor-in-chief and publish-

er. If appropriate, authors may be asked to group single colour fig-

ures into plates. For review, tables and figures should be enclosed

to text (preferable one electronic file per manuscript), but may al-

ternatively also be submitted as separate files (jpg, pdf, tiff). At this

stage, illustrations of low resolution allowing the referees to follow

the contents are sufficient; high-resolution files (jpg, pdf, tiff of pho-

tographs, maps etc. at > 300 dpi; line artwork etc. at 600 dpi or in

eps format) will be requested after acceptance. Unless otherwise

agreed with the editor, single electronic submissions should not ex-

ceed 6 MB file size.

Appendix Appendices should be numbered consecutively in Roman

numbers, in order of their mention in the text (Appendix I, Appen-

dices I-VI).

Abbreviations Except of very common abbreviations such as mm,

kg etc.; all abbreviations should be explained in the Methods sec-

tion or figure legend if appropriate. Hyphenation or upper case let-

ters for entire words are not permitted. All measurements must be

metric units and given to the same decimal, 1.e., 5.3-6.0 mm (not:

5.3-6 mm).

Instructions to authors

Taxonomy Names of animals and the description of new genera or

species must follow the current version of the International Code

of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, available at

http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp). Type specimens should be de-

posited in recognised institutions; deposition at ZFMK is highly ap-

preciated. Italics are required for species names which are written

in full the first time they appear in the text, e.g. Carassius auratus

(Linnaeus, 1758), but abbreviated at subsequent mention, e.g. C. au-

ratus. List names in synonymies as follows: Attelabus asparagi

Scopoli, 1763 (Scopoli 1763: 36, fig. 113.), and list the source un-

der References. Dichotomous keys are desirable in taxonomic pa-

pers.

Statistics Statistics presented should include the name of the test,

number of observations or degree of freedom, and probability lev-

el (P > 0.05, P < 0.05, P > 0.001, P < 0.001). Values of test statis-

tics are not required.

Scientific Notes

Notes should comply with the instructions given above, but have to

be (1) confined to a single point or issue of progress, (2) must be

short (typically no more than 3 printed pages including illustrations

and references), and (3) do not include headings or subheadings. A

brief abstract of no more than three lines is required.

Review papers

Reviews should be concise, critical and creative, seeking to sum-

marize the state-of-the-art of complex topics, and stimulate debates

and new research initiatives. Review papers should comply with the

instructions for preparation of Research articles, with the exception

that the main body of text may be structured as appropriate.

Electronic submission

Manuscripts should be submitted as text files (*.doc or *.rtf; *.pdf

is welcome for the review process, but for production *.doc or *.rtf

will be required) via e-mail (bzb.zfmk@uni-bonn.de) to the editor-

in-chief. Alternatively, send a CD. If neither is possible for any rea-

son, please contact the editor-in-chief. The file name must start with

the submitting author’s last name.

Review process

Each manuscript will be peer-reviewed, generally by two or more

referees. Manuscripts should be submitted to the editor-in-chief, and

will be handled by the editor dealing with the respective taxon or

topic (see list of editors). Authors are encouraged to suggest poten-

tial referees for their manuscripts. Final acceptance for publication

is in the responsibility of the editor-in-chief. This decision is main-

ly based on the referees’ report and the handling editor’s recommen-

dation. Revised manuscripts received more than 6 months after the

reviewers’ comments had been sent will be treated as new submis-

sions. After acceptance, authors are encouraged to submit sugges-

tions for a cover image.

Ethical and legal aspects

Authors are obliged to state clearly that they followed the legal reg-

ulations and laws for the collection and ethical treatment of animals.

Publication and open access policy

Manuscripts will be published online at www.zoologicalbulletin.de

after acceptance as preprint version, which will be replaced by the

final pdf after publication of the printed issue of BzB. The corre-

sponding author must clearly state so if preprint online publication

is not desired. In that case, only title, authors and the information

that this manuscript has been accepted for publication will be made

available at that stage. Immediately after publication, the correspon-

ding author will receive an e-mail containing the final pdf. Reprints

can only be purchased on the author’s cost. Reprint orders must be

submitted to the editor at latest with the approval of the final proofs.

All published content is freely available without charge to the user

or his/her institution. Authors are invited to place the final pdf on

their personal or institutional website.

Questions we ask our reviewers

Authors preparing manuscripts for BZB should keep in mind the fol-

lowing questions which referees for the journal are asked:

. Is the paper of interest to the readers of BZB?

. How well does it meet the focus of BZB?

. Is it acceptable for publication, or should it be reconsidered af-

ter revision?

3. Please grade originality, quality of data, quality of statistical analy-

ses, and quality of interpretation on a scale from | = low to 5 =

high.

4. Please grade clarity and quality of text, figures and tables from

1 = low to 5 = high.

. Has the welfare of any experimental animals been adequately tak-

en into account?

. Does the title aptly and correctly describe the paper?

. Does the abstract summarize only the significant findings?

. Is the length of the paper appropriate?

. Are all (colour) figures and tables necessary and appropriate?

WN Re

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