FORSCHUNGS

museum

KOENIG

Bonn zoological Bulletin

Supplementum Vol. 62 (2015)

formerly: Bonner zoologische Monographien

Avifauna of the

Southeastern Himalayan Mountains

and neighboring Myanmar hill country

Swen C. Renner, John H. Rappole, Christopher M. Milensky, Myant Aung,

Nay Myo Shwe & Thein Aung

An open access journal of organismal zoology, published by

Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig - Leibniz-lnstitut fur Biodiversitat der Tiere, Bonn

BONN ZOOLOGICAL BULLETIN - SUPPLEMENTUM (BzB-S),

formerly “Bonner zoologische Monographien”,

r, Zoologisches Fon

The peer-reviewed series Bonn zoological Bulletin - Supplementum, formerly “Bonner zoologische Monographic

has existed since 1971. It is published by the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig - Leibniz Institute

d’'Znzttg™ttm-’

Cover: The remoteness and inaccessibility of northern Myanmar is illustrated by one of the mi

betrleen Gawlai and TazLgdam) need to be crossed - in case these are not maintaiLd (such as

Avifauna of the

Southeastern Himalayan Mountains

and neighboring Myanmar hill country

Swen C. Renner, John H. Rappole, Christopher M. Milensky,

Myint Aung, Nay Myo Shwe & Thein Aung

Contents Volume 62

Objectives

Study area

Geology

Climate

8

History and ornithology studies 1 7

Methods 18

Results 20

Species accounts 20

Discussion 51

Conservation 55

Acknowledgements 56

Bibliography 56

Appendices 60

Bonn zoological Bulletin - Supplementum 62: 1-75

Avifauna of the Southeastern Himalayan Mountains

and neighboring Myanmar hill country

Swen C. Renner* ^ John H. Rappole^ Christopher M. Milensky^ Myint Aung^

Nay Myo Shwe^ & Thein Aung'^

‘Institute of Zoology, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life

Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strafie 33, A- 1180 Vienna, Austria; E-mail: swen.renner@boku.ac.at

^Smithsonian Conservation Biology Center, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, USA

^^Friends of WMlife, Myanmar ’ ^

^FFI- Taninthayi Program, Shan Gone Condo, San Chaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar

‘’Myanmar Bird and Nature Society (MBNS), Yangon, Myanmar

INTRODUCTION

Avifauna of the Southeastern Himalayan Mountains and neighboring Myanmar hill country

Bonn zoological Bulletin - Supplemen

©ZFMK

W 5.” lo'“L»B“oH°"g” sm'Jfldd^Fi^t

“HSSfSSii

;eetal.2013). 55Mya,the

Northerly movement

ISIS

Avifauna of the Southeastern Himalayan Mountains and neighboring Myanmar hill country 1 1

Fig. 12. Cloud forest close to Naung Mung. [Renner: a: Feb 2004, b: Feb 2001],

ntum 62: 1-75

Bonn zoological Bulletin - Supplemen

©ZFMK

14

Avifauna of the Southeastern Himalayan Mountains and neighboring Myanmar hill country 15

Bonn zoological Bulletin - Supplemen

©ZFMK

Bonn zoological Bulletin - Supplementum 62: 1-75

©ZFMK

(2000), that the species is extinct in Myanmar (‘no recent

BUCEROTIDAE

©ZFMK

I C. Renner (

RHIPIDURIDAE

ford (24 Dec 1932); BMNH 1937.1.7.106 male, Tutuga,

Stanford (13 Jan 1933). Abundance: Common. Move-

ter <1,000 m.

tation: Captured m Nagwa. 2004: NM/04-1, NM/04-2,

NM/04-5. One released at Tazutu (27 Feb 2001). One fe-

CISTICOLIDAE

= liilji 1 1 II 1 1 1 iiiiiiiiis iiiiii ill ill i i i 1 1 1 1

rrs:z

„/a 7.40 4.40 3.70 55.10 48.60 40.80 26.70

iiiiiiiili i

vifauna of the Southeastern Himalayan Mountains and neighboring Myanmar hill country

Sturnus contra Asian Pied Starling. Documentation:

Sight record at Nam Ti (1 8 Feb 2004), and between Putao

and Alung-dung Ku (9 Feb 2001). Abundance: Uncom-

mon at lower elevations (<1,000 m).

Sturnus malabaricus Chestnut-tailed Starling. Docu-

mentation: Observed in 10 m high tree nearby the Nam

Ti rest house (11 Mar 2001). Abundance: Uncommon.

TURDIDAE

Myophonus caeruleus Blue Whistling-Thrush. Docu-

mentation: Captured in Wangsewan in second growth.

Abundance: Uncommon.

Zoothera citrina Orange-headed Thrush. Documenta-

tion: Captured in Naung Mung (Sep 2005). Abundance:

Uncommon. Movement: Local movements in the foothills

indicated by absence in Feb but presence in Sep.

Zoothera dixoni Long-tailed Thrush. Documentation:

Captured in Gawai 2 Mar 2001 . Abundance: Rare. Com-

ments: The eight NMNH specimens from Yunnan, Szech-

wan, Nepal and southern Tibet show no color variation.

But direct comparison of the Hkakabo Razi specimen

2001-120 with the series of eight specimens from the

NMNH reveal slight differences in the plumage pattern,

because 2001-120 is brighter colored on throat compared

to the other mentioned specimens. The observed differ-

ences are emphasized in so far that the second specimen

captured in Gawai (2001-121) resembles exactly the ex-

ported specimen (pairwise observations in the field). Two

specimens with the same plumage coloration from Hkak-

abo Razi, which is distinctive from all other specimens,

might indicate geographic variation and a distinct sub-

species, however, more data is needed.

Turdus albocinctus White-collared Blackbird. Docu-

mentation: BMNH 1937. 1 .7.447 female, Hukaung Valley

near N’ding, Stanford (11 Feb 1936). Abundance: Rare.

Brachypteryx hyperythra Rusty-bellied Shortwing.

Documentation: Two females were captured 2004 at

Naung Mung site NM/04-3. Abundance: Rare. Comments:

Only 19 localities worldwide are known for this species

(BirdLife International 2001). Our specimens represent the

only confirmed records of the bird from Myanmar, al-

though the species was reported from ‘near Putao’ in 1998

(BirdLife International 2001).

Brachypteryx leucophrys Lesser Shortwing. Documen-

tation: One capture in wet second growth with scattered

trees and bamboo thickets in Lonnat (2001-138), one in

Pangnamdim in 2001 (2001-129). Abundance: Uncom-

Bonn zoological Bulletin - Supplementum 62: 1-75

mon. Comments: Five subspecies are recognized: compar-

isons of specimens representing the various subspecies

with our specimens revealed some differences in plumage

coloration. Our specimens (closest to nipalensis in col-

oration) showed minor differences in plumage character-

istics to other members of nipalensis, and wrayi as well

as carolinae (NMNH, BMNH): the ventral plumage parts

are variable in degree of whitish for all subspecies; ven-

tral parts show slightly more cinnamon in carolinae com-

pared with our Myanmar specimens. B. 1. wrayi is as buffy

as nipalensis, while carolinae is more grayish overall.

Specimens from the BMNH showed a previously un-

recognized sexual dimorphism for some populations; in

wrayi females are darkish brown with white but small eye

brow, male dark gray with almost invisible or hidden white

eye brow. In nipalensis the white eye brow is most times

invisible for both sexes.

MUSCICAPIDAE

Luscinia pectoralis White-tailed Rubythroat. Documen-

tation: One sight record of female at Kasaung Hka Riv-

er, 1 km west of Naung Mung on 11 and 12 Feb 2004.

Abundance: Uncommon.

Luscinia cyanurus Orange-flanked Bush-Robin. Doc-

umentation: Captured in Lonnat (5 Mar 2001) and Gawlai

(8 Mar 2001). Abundance: Uncommon.

Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie-Robin. Documen-

tation: Observed near Naung Mung, approximately 1 km

west at site NM/01-1 (9 Mar 2001). Abundance: Rare.

Phoenicurus auroreus Daurian Redstart. Documenta-

tion: Captured in Nagwa in wet second growth (3 m to 7

m). Abundance: Uncommon.

Rhyacornis fuliginosus Plumbeous Water Redstart.

Documentation: Several sight records alongside Nam

Tamai River; Nam Tamai River bridge near Pangnamdim

male (18 Feb 2001); captured in Pangnamdim on 6 Mar

2001 . One sight record near Naung Mung (Kasaung Hka)

on 10 and 12 Feb 2001 . Recorded at Pangnamdim (16 Feb

2001) and on way from there to Lonnat (17 Feb 2001; 5

Mar 2001). On way between Lonnat and Nagwa (1 8 Feb

2001), between Tazutu and Karaung (23 Feb 2001), Ka-

raung and Tahaundam (24 Feb 2001). Observed along the

Nam Tamai River between Wangsewan and Nagwa (3 Mar

2001). One nest site (breeding not confirmed) was ob-

served in a tree trunk (diameter of trunk was about 30 cm)

hanging over the Nam Tamai River in 4 m height. Also

observed at Nam Tisang River near Naung Mung (9 Mar

2001). Abundance: Common. Comments: We observed

several breeding sites on the river banks of larger rivers.

©ZFMK

1 1 ii i 1 1 i i i 1 1 ii

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X X X X 0t„2.000

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APPENDICES

iMaThwinetal (2011).

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I'fffFlpK tiiiiji

(Akke, An Ke, Ahke)

srUw)

:;:S

S?""

} lil 1 Jiii I iiiiyilii ...iiiiilJlllliiiiJHl

Label n/a

{ |s'. iiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiilliiiiiiiiiiiiiii

||h mmm iiiiEummEiiUEEmt tEmimtmmimm

1 3l:ii , iiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

s I I I III I I S I I I llllllllllllllllll

1 tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i i i iii i i i i i i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiili

is 888iiiiissssii i 8 8 I I |88ii | 8 8 i i | | | | 8 8 iii8888i8|88

II llllllllllllll I I I I I Hill I I I I I I I I I I I llllllllllll

f

I -SI -“““I ♦ I ^ i-

l-li-i- i-S-S-S-

ill ill ii iiiii mil iiiii i i I I 1 i I i ill i iiii ii i ill i i

^ p II I I III III! I I III III II I III I I I I I I II II II II III I

ill ii i i ill iiii i i iii iii ii i iii i i i i i i ii ii ii ii iii i

■ i i ill iiii HUM Hi Mi liii i ii iiiiiii iii i

I i i iii iiii i i i i ii i ii iii i iiii i ii iiiiiiii iiiiiii iii i

m !! iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiii » ii | i if

iiiii II ii iiii i i i ^

If™.., ,, ««

ss ill*

fall species observed in the Hkakabo Razi area (2001 to 2006). Note: We kept the original field detern

©ZFMK

Appendix 4. Species list of all species observed.

Renner, Rappole, Milensky, Myint Aung, Nay Myo Shwe, Thein Aung: Avifauna of the Southeastern Himalayan Mountains and neighboring Myanmar hill country. BZM

NOTE: We kept the original field determination even if in the main text we changed taxonomy in several cases. We also kept disputive records in this particular list.

Appendix 5. Morphometric measurements of selected species.

Renner, Rappole, Milensky, Myint Aung, Nay Myo Shwe, Thein Aung: Avifauna of the

Southeastern Himalayan Mountains and neighboring Myanmar hill country. BZM

Table S6: Measurements (To) of Dicrurus sp. for pooled individuals (NMNH holdings only).

* Sex and months collected are only stated, if indicated on label. Measurements are explained

in detail in the ‘Methods’ section.

#

Species

Taxon *

To Location

Sex *

Month

Group

collected *

(pool)

1

aeneus

malayensis

93.9 Borneo, Indonesia

Female

n/a

1

2

aeneus

malayensis

92.2 Borneo, Indonesia

Female

n/a

1

3

aeneus

malayensis

86.1 Borneo, Indonesia

Female

n/a

1

4

aeneus

malayensis

99.2 Borneo, Indonesia

Male

n/a

2

5

aeneus

malayensis

99.1 Borneo, Indonesia

Male

n/a

2

6

aeneus

malayensis

95.9 Borneo, Indonesia

Male

n/a

2

7

aeneus

malayensis

89.7 Borneo, Indonesia

Male

n/a

2

8

aeneus

malayensis

101.5 Borneo, Indonesia

Male

n/a

2

9

aeneus

malayensis

92.5 Borneo, Indonesia

Male

n/a

2

10

aeneus

malayensis

91.9 East Sumatra, Indonesia

n/a

3

11

aeneus

malayensis

m East Sumatra, Indonesia

Male

n/a

3

12

aeneus

malayensis

91.9 East Sumatra, Indonesia

Male

n/a

3

13

aeneus

malayensis

94.3 East Sumatra, Indonesia

Male

n/a

3

14

aeneus

malayensis

87.9 East Sumati'a, Indonesia

Female

n/a

4

15

aeneus

malayensis

m East Sumatra, Indonesia

Female

n/a

4

16

aeneus

malayensis

96.9 East Sumatra, Indonesia

Male

n/a

3

17

aeneus

malayensis

82.3 East Sumatra, Indonesia

Male

n/a

3

18

aeneus

111.0 Fayn, Vietnam

Female

n/a

5

19

aeneus

113.8 Fayn, Vietnam

Female

n/a

5

20

aeneus

118.8 Fayn, Vietnam

Female

n/a

5

21

aeneus

100.9 North India/Nepal

Female

n/a

5

22

aeneus

108.0 North India/Nepal

Female

n/a

5

23

aeneus

106.1 North India/Nepal

Female

n/a

5

24

aeneus

106.0 North India/Nepal

Female

n/a

5

25

aeneus

99.4 North India/Nepal

Female

n/a

5

26

aeneus

107.2 Assam, India

Male

n/a

6

27

aeneus

108.6 Assam, India

Male

n/a

6

28

aeneus

119.1 Assam, India

Male

n/a

6

29

aeneus

107.5 South Annam, Vietnam

Female

n/a

7

30

aeneus

108.4 South Annam, Vietnam

Female

n/a

7

31

aeneus

101.0 South Annam, Vietnam

Female

n/a

7

32

aeneus

108.3 South Annam, Vietnam

Female

n/a

7

33

aeneus

1 1.6 South Annam, Vietnam

Male

n/a

8

34

aeneus

113.6 South Annam, Vietnam

Male

n/a

8

35

aeneus

114.7 South Annam, Vietnam

Male

n/a

8

36

aeneus

115.8 South Annam, Vietnam

Male

n/a

8

37

aeneus

branmiamus

122.8 Taiwan

Male

n/a

9

38

aeneus

branmiamus

118.0 Taiwan

n/a

9

39

aeneus

branmiamus

115.5 Taiwan

n/a

9

40

aeneus

branmiamus

121.8 Taiwan

Male

n/a

9

#

Species

T“”*

To Location

Sex *

Month

collected *

Group

(pool)

41

aeneus

branmiamus

125.7 Taiwan

n/a

9

42

aeneus

110.1 Tenasserim, Myanmar

Male

n/a

10

43

aeneus

malayensis

107.0 Thailand

Female

n/a

11

44

aeneus

malayensis

108.8 Thailand

Male

n/a

12

45

aeneus

malayensis

108.6 Thailand

Male

n/a

12

46

aeneus

106.8 Thailand

Male

n/a

12

47

aeneus

121.4 Thailand

Male

n/a

12

48

aeneus

113.4 Thailand

Male

n/a

12

49

aeneus

118.0 Thailand

Male

n/a

12

50

aeneus

115.8 Thailand

Male

n/a

12

51

aeneus

117.1 Thailand

Male

n/a

12

1

remifer

47.0 South Annam, Vietnam

Male

June

n/a

2

remifer

36.5 South Annam, Vietnam

Female

June

n/a

3

remifer

43.5 South Annam, Vietnam

Male

February

n/a

4

remifer

44.0 South Annam, Vietnam

Male

December

n/a

5

remifer

45.6 South Annam, Vietnam

Male

May

n/a

6

remifer

40.0 South Annam, Vietnam

Male

May

n/a

7

remifer

44.8 Java

n/a

April

n/a

8

remifer

30.0 Java

n/a

May

n/a

9

remifer

32.2 Java

n/a

April

n/a

10

remifer

32.6 Java

n/a

11

remifer

32.5 Thailand

n/a

12

remifer

50.0 Thailand

Male

January

n/a

13

remifer

50.0 Thailand

Male

March

n/a

14

remifer

48.0 Thailand

Male

May

n/a

15

remifer

47.5 Thailand

Male

November

n/a

16

remifer

35.5 Thailand

Female

December

n/a

17

remifer

39.7 Thailand

Female

October

n/a

18

remifer

45.0 Thailand

Male

January

n/a

19

remifer

37.7 Thailand

Female

May

n/a

20

remifer

38.0 Thailand

Female

October

n/a

21

remifer

32.5 Thailand

Female

May

n/a

22

remifer

37.0 Assam, India

Female

December

n/a

23

remifer

29.0 Assam, India

n/a

June

n/a

Table S7: Groups tested with ANOVA as in previous table (details

"Yes' refers to significant difference p < 0.05 (ANOVA),

4 8 1 3 2 7 11 5 10 6 12 9

4 -

8 No -

1 No No -

3 No No No -

2 No No No No -

7 No No No No No

11 No No No No No

5 No No No No No

10 No No No No No

6 No No No No No

12 No Yes Yes Yes Yes

9 No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No

No -

No No -

No No No -

No No No No -

No No No No No -

groups ;

there).

Table S8: Measurements of Alcippe castaneceps, A. vinipectus, A. morrisonia and A. nipalenis species in Southeast Asia. Measurements are

explained in detail in the ‘Methods’ section.

Species

Taxon

Collection Collection

number

Sex

Country

Location

BL

BW

BH

W

Ti

To Tarsus

castaneceps

n/a

ZMUC

93.409

Male

Nepal

Nurbu village

7.33

3.22

2.63

52 41.86 42.86

19.82

castaneceps

n/a

BMNH

1919.12.20.535

Female Vietnam

Langbian

Peaks

n/a

castaneceps

nidi

BMNH

1932.5.14.163

Female Laos

Thateng

n/a

castaneceps

n/a

BMNH

1930.7.16.327

Female Vietnam

Fan Si Pan (Sa

Pa)

n/a

castaneceps

n/a

BMNH

12.04.1936

Female Malaysia

Selangor-

Pahang

boundary

n/a

castaneceps

n/a

NRM

2452

n/a

Myanmar Kambaiti

7.49

3.56

3.33

54.22 40.98

37.27

20.74

castaneceps

n/a

NRM

2491

n/a

Myanmar Kambaiti

8.49

d

a

59.82 45.63

40.08

20.58

castaneceps

n/a

NRM

2747

Female India

Rangirum

9.24

4.2

n

60.9 41.35 44.76

20.32

castaneceps

n/a

NRM

North

Male

Vietnam

Fan Si Pan

7.69

3.07

3.35

56.47 43.59 41.43

19.01

castaneceps

n/a

NRM

North

Male

Vietnam

Fan Si Pan

7.59

3.94

a

54.37

37.37

38.31

18.98

castaneceps

n/a

NRM

North

Female Vietnam

Fan Si Pan

9.04

4.09

I

51.94

38.57

36.26

20.57

castaneceps

n/a

CAS

1324

Male

China

GLGS

7.5

4

3.1

50.6

40.6

40.1

19.7

castaneceps

n/a

CAS

1325

Male

China

GLGS

8.2

4.1

3.2

54.7

41.1

38.2

21.4

castaneceps

n/a

CAS

493

n/a

China

GLGS

9.3

4.3

3.5

55.4

38.6

36.8

22.2

vinipectus

CAS

GLGS2267

Male

China

Gaolingonshan

7.8

3.8

3.7

58.5

56.9

55.9

22.6

vinipectus

CAS

GLGS2373

Male

China

Gaolingonshan

8.6

4.2

3.8

62.4

55.2

44.8

23

vinipectus

CAS

GLGS1276

Female China

Gaolingonshan

8.4

4

3.3

56.2

53.5

41.9

21.5

vinipectus

CAS

GLGS2238

Female China

Gaolingonshan

8.8

3.4

2.9

52.8

48.8

39.5

21.5

vinipectus

CAS

GLGS1220

Male

China

Gaolingonshan

7.9

3.4

3.6

56.1

58.1

47.6

22.9

vinipectus

CAS

GLGS266

Male

China

Gaolingonshan

8.9

4.9

3.3

53.9

49

40.2

23

vinipectus

ZMUC

n/a

Female Nepal

Walung ridge

7.09

3.19

3,33

56.9

49.5

39.86

d

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.388

Female Nepal

Walung ridge

7.36

3.35

d

58.11

51.89

41.17

21.47

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.4

Male

Nepal

Walung ridge

7.14

2.97

d

57.06

52.4

39.45

21.8

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.396

Male

Nepal

Walung ridge

7.56

3.3

3.6

55.7

58 47.13

23.78

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.401

n/a

Nepal

Moyam

6.22

3.74

3.62

55.37

52.17 40.93

22.04

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.399

Male

Nepal

Walung ridge

8.2

d

61.4

56.67

45.6

25.69

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.398

Female Nepal

Walung ridge

8.35

3.64

3.41

57.78 48.27

39.9

22

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.395

Female Nepal

Walung ridge

6.8

3.74

3.15

55.57

54.54

45.51

23.14

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.402

Female Nepal

Walung ridge

7.34

3.51

3.36

57

52

39.6

21.67

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.403

Male

Nepal

Moyum-Nurbu

7.4

d

54.2 46.99

39.2

23.4

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.393

Female Nepal

Walung ridge

7.18

d

57.15 49.67 42.29

21.2

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.397

Female Nepal

Moyam

7.46

d

57.33

53.72

40.9

24.43

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.392

Male

Nepal

Walung ridge

7.08

3.09

4 57.99

51.63

47

23

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.39

Female Nepal

Moyam-Nurbu

8.28

3.8

3.67

58.21

54.7

42.1

17

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.391

Male

Nepal

Walung ridge

7.3

d

60 52.16 42.11

23.06

vinipectus

ZMUC

93.389

Female Nepal

Walung ridge

1 _

3.5

3.14

53.1

49.26

39.7

22.96

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1932.12.10.86

Female Myanmar Adung valley

n/a

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1921.7.15.279

Male

China

Tengyueh

District

n/a

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1941.12.1.609

Male

Myanmar HpimawPass

n/a

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1941.12.1.610

Male

Myanmar Hpimaw

n/a

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1941.12.1.611

Female Myanmar HpimawPass

n/a

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1941.12.1.612

n/a

Myanmar

Hpimaw Pass

n/a

vinipectus

valentinae

BMNH

1930.7.16.203

Male

Vietnam

Fan Si Pan

n/a

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1900.3.5.96

Male

China

Ching Tung

n/a

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1903.8.8.190

n/a

China

Gyi-Dzin-

Shan, East of

Talifu

n/a

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1914.5.13.814

n/a

China

Tsekou

n/a

vinipectus

bieti

BMNH

1933.11.13.785

Female China

Pu Tsu Wa, 13

n/a

miles South of

Weishe,

Weihsi

District

vinipectus

bieti BMNH

1921.7.15.273

Male

China

Lichiang range

at Latitude

27.33 North

n/a

vinipectus

chumbiensis BMNH

1905.12.31.113

Male

India

Lamteng

n/a

vinipectus

chumbiensis BMNH

1925.3.9.37

n/a

China

Chumbi

n/a

(Tibet)

Valley

vinipectus

chumbiensis BMNH

1933.11.16.455

n/a

Bhutan

Ridang, near

Trongsa

n/a

vinipectus

chumbiensis BMNH

1898.10.3.795

Female India

‘Darjeeling’

n/a

vinipectus

chumbiensis BMNH

1933.11.16.457

Female Bhutan

Damthang

n/a

vinipectus

chumbiensis BMNH

1933.11.16.461

Female Bhutan

Yuto La, near

n/a

Bumthang

vinipectus

ripponi BMNH

1905.9.10.204

n/a

Myanmar Mt. Victoria

n/a

vinipectus

vinipectus BMNH

1954.15.51

Male

Nepal

Seti Valley,

WC Nepal

n/a

vinipectus

vinipectus BMNH

1950.10.46

n/a

Nepal

Chame

n/a

vinipectus

vinipectus BMNH

1938.7.15.737

Male

China

Dingma,

Tibet-Nepal

border

n/a

vinipectus

vinipectus BMNH

1939.12.9.849

Male

India

Tonglo,

Nepal-Sikkim

frontier,

n/a

Himalayas

vinipectus

vinipectus BMNH

1953.56.37

Male

Nepal

Godavari,

South of Nepal

valley

n/a

vinipectus

kangrae BMNH

1888.4.20.1167

Male

India

near Simla

n/a

vinipectus

kangrae BMNH

1949.whi.l. 13829 Male

India

Dharmsala

n/a

vinipectus

kangrae BMNH

1949.whi.l. 13824 Male

India

Bagh Nata,

Palumpur,

Kangra

n/a

vinipectus

ripponi NMW

45421

Male

Myanmar

Mt. Victoria,

n/a

Pakokku

vinipectus

ripponi

NMW

45420

n/a

Myanmar Mt. Victoria,

Pakokku

n/a

vinipectus

perstriata

NRM

n/a

Male

Myanmar Kambaiti

n/a

vinipectus

NRM

n/a

Male

India

Tonglu

n/a

Taxon

n/a

Sex

Country

Location

BL

BW

BH

W

Ti

To

T

morrisonia

n/a

Female Myanmar Mogok, Katha

Distriet

n/a

morrisonia

n/a

Male

China

Milali,

Yunnan

n/a

morrisonia

n/a

Male

Vietnam

Tam-Dao, C

Tonkin

n/a

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Nang Ka

n/a

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Nang Ka

9.3

n/a

56.8

56.3

49.8

20.2

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Nang Ka

9.7

4.7

4.2

61.5

57.3

46.6

20.2

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Nang Ka

10.1

4.2

3.8

60.2

51.9

20.4

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Nang Ka

10.7

4.3

3.8

60.6

59.8

55

20.5

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Nang Ka

10.6

3.8

56.2

57.3

53.7

18.7

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Hua Mpt

n/a

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Hua Mot

9.1

4.7

3.6

59.4

57.6

52.7

20.1

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Hua Mot

8.7

4

4.1

62.2

62

54.2

20.6

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Hua Mot

9.1

4.3

4.2

61

61.4

55.3

19.8

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Hua Mot

10.1

4.4

3.7

60.4

52.5

40.1

20.1

morrisonia

laotiana

n/a

Male

Thailand

Doi Hua Mot

8.4

3.8

3.9

59.6

61.3

50.9

21.2

morrisonia

n/a

Male

Taiwan

n/a

8.8

n/a

59.1

54.3

51.1

20.6

morrisonia

n/a

Male

Taiwan

n/a

8.7

n/a

56.4

56.2

52

20.2

morrisonia

n/a

Male

Taiwan

n/a

8.8

n/a

59.4

d

21.4

morrisonia

n/a

Male

Taiwan

n/a

10.4

n/a

59.3

54.4

51.1

21.5

morrisonia

n/a

Male

Taiwan

n/a

8.9

n/a

57.9

51.8

45.7

20.1

morrisonia

davidi

n/a

Male Southwest Szeehwan

China

11.3

n/a

61.2

53.6

49.3

22.9

morrisonia

davidi

n/a

Male Southwest Szechwan

China

10.1

n/a

63.5

53.2

48.3

24.2

morrisonia

davidi

n/a

Male Southwest Szechwan

China

11

n/a

62.8

58

53

21.7

morrisonia

davidi

n/a

Male Southwest Szechwan

China

10.5

n/a

62.2

54.7

48.9

24.8

morrisonia

davidi

n/a

Male Southwest Szechwan

China

8.7

n/a

60.8

53.8

48.9

23

morrisonia

n/a

Female North Ba Baw, Putao

Myanmar

7.6

4

3.7

54.3

48.1

51.9

22.9

morrisonia

n/a

Female North Ba Baw, Putao

Myanmar

8.6

4.5

3.5

57.5

48.7

55.4

25.5

morrisonia

n/a

Female North Naung Mung

Myanmar

8.9

3.7

3.6

61.2

57.5

50.2

19.8

morrisonia

n/a

Male North Ba Baw, Putao

Myanmar

8.6

3.8

4.1

60.2

50.2

56.8

23.2

morrisonia

n/a

Male North Ba Baw, Putao

Myanmar

9.4

3.8

59

47.9

56.2

24.8

morrisonia

n/a

Male North Naung Mung

Myanmar

8.5

3.9

59.7

58.4

50.2

20.1

nipalensis

commoda

n/a

Female Northeast Gabru, North

India Assam

V

4.4

3.6

57.8

55.8

48.7

21.1

nipalensis

n/a

Female Northeast Wongpok,

India Assam

7.5

3.6

d”

58.3

53.7

48.9

20.7

nipalensis

n/a

Female Northeast Fort Denning,

India Northeast

Assam

9.2

4.4

3.9

58.5

m

d

nipalensis

n/a

Female Nepal Than Kote

9.2

3.8

57.7

59.4

58

d

nipalensis

n/a

Female Nepal Godavari

8.9

5.3

3.7

53.3

59

56.9

22.2

nipalensis

n/a

Female Nepal Godavari

8.5

4.1

3.9

60.4

59.6

55.1

21.7

nipalensis

n/a

Female Nepal Godavari

8.9

d

58.9

62.3

55.4

21.4

nipalensis

commoda

n/a

Male

Northeast DoiMara,

India Darrang

District, North

Assam

7.8

3.8

3.5

49.4

59.8

54.5

20.6

nipalensis

n/a

Male

Northeast Khaihatang,

India Arunachal

Pradesh

8.6

3.6

56.2

58

49.2

21

nipalensis

n/a

Male

Northeast Mishmi Hills,

India Northeast

Assam

9.2

4.1

3.7

57.2

53.7

47

21.1

nipalensis

n/a

Male

Northeast Wongpok,

India Assam

8.8

4.9

3.9

56.4

53.8

47.8

20.7

nipalensis

n/a

Male

Northeast Noa Diking

India River,

Arunachal

Pradesh

9.8

3.8

61

57.9

50.6

20.8

nipalensis

n/a

Male

Northeast Noa Diking

India River,

Arunachal

Pradesh

8.6

4.5

3.6

60

58.6

54.6

22.1

nipalensis

n/a

Male

Northeast Noa Diking

India River,

Arunachal

Pradesh

9.1

r

3.6

60.8

m

lA

nipalensis

n/a

Male

Nepal Than Kote

9.8

3.4

4“

58

56

52.9

21.4

nipalensis

n/a

Male

Nepal Godavari

9.4

4.5

3.7

60.5

61.3

52.3

21.2

nipalensis

n/a

Male

Nepal Godavari

8.9

4.7

3.6

60.6

61.7

53.2

d

nipalensis

n/a

Northeast Khaihatang,

India Arunachal

Pradesh

8.5

4.1

3.6

61.6

60.2

51

20.6

Table S9: Measurements of Aerodramus brevirostris from NMNH holdings. Measurements are explained in detail in the ‘Methods’ seetion.

Collection Taxon

Sex

Country

W

To

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

Myanmar

122.1

52.6

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

127.7

46.0

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

128.9

52.9

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

124.8

47.1

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

Myanmar

125.4

53.8

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

Myanmar

125.7

52.3

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

Myanmar

128.5

47.4

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

126.6

49.8

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

Myanmar

124.8

52.9

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

127.4

51.2

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

128.7

50.4

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

130.0

50.1

BMNH

brevirostris

n/a

Myanmar

128.0

47.0

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

128.7

43.7

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

123.6

50.2

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

Myanmar

121.5

43.0

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

123.4

51.4

BMNH

brevirostris

n/a

China

128.7

54.6

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Laos

120.0

48.6

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Myanmar

117.0

47.7

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

Myanmar

121.4

49.1

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

India

d

44.3

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

India

115.9

48.4

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

China

127.6

46.6

BMNH

brevirostris

Female

Bhutan

124.3

48.5

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Bhutan

128.6

52.2

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Bhutan

109.9

46.8

BMNH

brevirostris

Male

Bhutan

129.3

52.1

NMNH

brevirostris

n/a

Bhutan

109.0

51.2

NMNH brevirostris n/a Bhutan

Mean

±s.d.

NMNH inominata nidi South

Szechwan,

China

NMNH inominata n/a South

Szechwan,

China

NMNH inominata n/a South

Szechwan,

China

NMNH inominata n/a South

Szechwan,

China

NMNH inominata n/a South

Szechwan,

China

BMNH inopina Female Vietnam

NMNH inopina n/a ?

Mean

±s.d.

116.2

123.4

6.3

133.0

135.9

134.6

129.2

132.6

134.1

133.2

1.9

53.5

49.4

3.0

58.5

63.3

59.7

59.5

59.8

53.6

59.0

59.1

2.7

Table SIO: Measurements of Ficedula strophiata. Measurements are explained in detail in the ‘Methods’ section.

Taxon

Sex

Location

Country

BL

BW

BH

W

Ti

To

T Group (pool)

strophiata strophiata

Male

Htingnan

Northern Myanmar

11.9

4.2

3.1

72.9

57.8

60.7

21.0

1

strophiata strophiata

Male

Adung Valley

Northern Myanmar

9.3

4.3

3.1

76.1

56.6

55.6

21.1

1

strophiata strophiata

n/a

Near Hkamo, Putao-Myitkyina

road

Northern Myanmar

8.9

4.6

d

71.9

54.3

53.4

18.7

1

strophiata strophiata

Male

Near Hkamo, Putao-Myitkyina

road

Northern Myanmar

11.6

4.6

3.3

67.4

52.5

53.2

21.1

1

strophiata strophiata

Male

Hkasang, Sadon-Sima Road,

Myitkyina

Northern Myanmar

12.1

4.1

3.2

71.3

55.4

55.8

22.8

1

strophiata strophiata

Male

Mali Valley

Northern Myanmar

11.8

3.9

3.0

71.0

58.5

57.7

21.2

1

strophiata strophiata

Female

Mooleyit

Northern Myanmar

9.0

3.0

d

67.2

54.9

55.7

18.5

1

strophiata strophiata

Male

Hkasang, Sadon-Sima Road,

Myitkyina

Northern Myanmar

12.4

d

2.8

73.9

58.0

57.5

18.5

1

strophiata strophiata

Male

Black Rock’ Myitkyina-Hpunian

Road

Northern Myanmar

8.3

3.7

d"

74.5

60.8

62.6

21.3

1

strophiata strophiata

Male

Mogok, Khata District

Myanmar

9.9

4.5

TT

73.9

57.5

58.6

19.9

1

strophiata fuscogularis

Male

Pic de Langbian, South Annam

Vietnam

9.4

5.2

3.3

72.0

57.8

54.8

20.0

2

strophia ta fuscogula ris

Male

Pic de Langbian, South Annam

Vietnam

11.3

4.3

3.3

72.6

54.9

57.7

21.7

2

strophiata fuscogularis

Female

Pic de Langbian, South Annam

Vietnam

11.4

4.1

2.9

68.3

49.6

48.7

19.8

2

strophiata fuscogularis

Female

Pic de Langbian, South Annam

Vietnam

12.3

5.8

3.2

68.0

52.1

53.7

19.8

2

strophiata strophiata

Male

Tsari Chu, Yarap, Assam

India

10.9

5.8

3.0

71.3

53.9

21.5

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Tsungpo Valley

Southeast Tibet

d

4.3

3.1

73.1

58.1

59.3

21.3

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Tsungpo Valley

Southeast Tibet

12.5

5.4

2.8

76.0

58.8

55.9

19.6

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Chang Tang

Tibet

12.1

4.1

2.8

73.2

55.7

21.7

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Lho La Chu, Molo

Southeast Tibet

12.1

6.3

3.2

73.7

57.6

58.5

20.0

3

strophiata strophiata

Female

Mapo

South Tibet

11.4

5.0

3.5

66.0

50.9

50.3

17.9

3

strophiata strophiata

Female

Jamila

South Tibet

11.6

4.2

2.9

71.2

59.0

58.5

19.9

3

strophiata strophiata

Female

Longong Chu Valley, Molo

Southeast Tibet

11.4

5.0

3.1

67.1

51.5

50.6

19.0

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Shillong, Assam

Northeast India

9.8

4.4

2.7

72.8

53.9

50.8

20.4

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Sanqka, Tsungpo Valley

Southeast Tibet

11.2

4.2

3.0

70.9

55.6

53.9

22.7

3

Taxon

Sex

Location

Country

BL

BW

BH

w

Ti

To

T Group (pool)

strophiata strophiata

Male

Shillong, Assam

Northeast India

12.1

3.5

2.6

7L9

56.0

56.6

21.1

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Shillong, Assam

Northeast India

d

75.2

60.6

57.1

d

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Shillong, Assam

Northeast India

11.9

4.1

2.8

74.1

55.0

55.6

21.7

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Li Chiang Range; Northwestern

Yunnan

Southwest China

10.2

4.3

3.2

76.7

57.8

57.7

19.0

4

strophiata strophiata

Male

Washan, Yunnan

Southwest China

10.0

4.1

3.0

73.5

55.2

57.4

18.2

4

strophiata strophiata

Male

Li Chiang Range; Northwestern

Yunnan

Southwest China

10.5

4.1

3.1

73.8

55.8

54.0

18.0

4

strophiata strophiata

Male

Li Chiang Range; Northwestern

Yunnan

Southwest China

10.0

4.3

3.1

74.7

55.5

57.5

19.5

4

strophiata strophiata

Male

Li Chiang Range; Northwestern

Yunnan

Southwest China

9.8

4.5

3.3

70.6

57.0

57.3

19.4

4

strophiata strophiata

Male

Li Chiang Range; Northwestern

Yunnan

Southwest China

9.6

3.5

2.9

71.2

53.1

54.5

18.9

4

strophiata strophiata

Male

Megtze, Yunnan

Southwest China

10.2

4.5

3.1

73.6

56.5

58.1

18.3

4

strophiata strophiata

Male

Ranmagra Camp, Noa Ding River, Northeast India

Arunachal Pradesh

10.2

4.3

3.4

75.9

59.3

61.0

21.5

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Doi Pha Horn Pok, Chiang Mai

North Thailand

10.2

4.1

74.7

■57T

58.3

19.9

5

strophiata strophiata

Male

Doi Pha Horn Pok, Chiang Mai

North Thailand

7.6

2.8

3.2

72.5

55.3

57.0

18.2

5

strophiata strophiata

Male

Doi Pha Horn Pok, Chiang Mai

North Thailand

8.4

4.2

3.1

74.4

57.4

57.5

20.1

5

strophiata strophiata

Male

Doi Pha Horn Pok, Chiang Mai

North Thailand

7.2

4.0

3.4

73.0

57.6

55.8

21.0

5

strophiata strophiata

Female

Doi Pha Horn Pok, Chiang Mai

North Thailand

7.7

4.5

3.1

73.1

57.6

56.8

19.1

5

strophiata strophiata

Male

Doi Pui, Muang District, West of

Chiang Mai

North Thailand

8.7

4.4

3.0

73.3

56.3

54.9

21.2

5

strophiata strophiata

Male

Ranmagra Camp, Noa Ding River, Northeast India

Arunachal Pradesh

8.1

4.6

71.6

52.0

52.8

19.6

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Ranmagra Camp, Noa Ding River, Northeast India

Arunachal Pradesh

9.7

4.2

72.2

52.8

54.6

19.3

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Ranmagra Camp, Noa Ding River, Northeast India

Arunachal Pradesh

8.8

4.2

75.6

59.3

59.2

19.1

3

Taxon

Sex

Location Country

BL

BW

BH

W

Ti

To

T Group (pool)

strophiata strophiata

Male

Ranmagra Camp, Noa Ding River, Northeast India

Arunachal Pradesh

7.5

3.4

3.2

73.4

57.4

58.1

21.3

3

strophiata strophiata

Male

Denyi, Mishmi Hills, Northeast Northeast India

Assam

7.2

3.7

3.8

67.7

51.6

50.5

21.9

3

BLANK

PAGE

Summary

This monograph provides significant new insights into the bioiogy

and biogeography of the birds that inhabit the northernmost tip of

Myanmar. The area's hiii jungie is iargeiy untouched by humans and

has not been visited by ornithoiogists since the iate 1940s. Even

today this jungie can be considered a primary forest in the iiterai

sense and a "white map" area for most biodiversity. During our

recent visits to this extraordinary species-rich area we complied an

inventory of the avifauna that includes records of more than 440

species. Although the area inventoried covers only about one per-

cent of the land surface of Myanmar, the species reported in the

inventory include endemics as well as globally threatened taxa and

represent more than a third of all known bird species from the

country. By evaluating in detail the subspecific relationships of the

Hkakabo Razi rainforest avifauna, we conclude that the bird avifau-

na community of northern Myanmar is most similar to the one

found in the avifauna of the temperate rainforests of northeastern

India.

Bonn zoological Bulletin - Supplementum Vol. 62 (2015)

Managing Editor: Thomas Wesener

Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig -

Leibniz-lnstitut fur Biodiversitat der Tiere (ZFMK)

Adenaueralllee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany

ISBN-13: 978-3-925382-66-6

ISSN: 0302-671X

Cover illustration:

The remoteness and inaccessibility of northern Myanmar is illustrated by one of the many rattan

suspension bridges made without any metal. To reach Tahaundam at least five such rattan bridges

(here about 50 m long bridge between Gawlai and Tazungdam) need to be crossed - in case these

are not maintained (such as during rainy season) the rivers cannot be crossed.

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Bonn zoological Bulletin - Supplementum Volume 62 (2015)