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A. RECORD OF

CONTRIBUTIONS

ie : = FROM THE

NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ae Ee =

=]. UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA

Bee PRETORIA Ee

Ts ar ed - ; : E EA, DE

se 8 “yt VAAR

a i Ce, =e

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N : 4,

OP x SEP1 91924 *

Vetiongy Muse”

= 4; eee : EDITED BY

{aa ;

Hy) 1. B. POLE EVANS, C.M-G., M.A. (Cantab.), D.Sc. (Wales), F.L-S.

ie a= d CHIEF, DIVISION OF BOTANY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

= s PRETORIA ; AND

‘DIRECTOR OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA

B= JO ea

sr a

We! aly, WAS

MT,” i

mn yy

Psa ee, PRETORIA

THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING AND STATIONERY OFFICE

ce ' 1991

HE N

z -

530.182

re Relea Is

WITH the advent of Union and the ever-increasing demands made by the public for

information regarding the vegetable resources of the country, its plant poisons, and plant

pests, considerable stimulus has been given to botanical research in South Africa.

One of the results of the progress made has been the establishment of the National

Herbarium at Pretoria under the Department of Agriculture.

The National Herbarium now embraces all the more important private collections in

the country, including those of Mr. E. E. Galpin, the late Mr. H. G. Flanagan, Madame A.

Dieterlen’s Basutoland herbarium, Miss A. Pegler’s Kentani plants, Madame J. Borle’s

collections from Portuguese Kast Africa, and Mr. EK. G. Bryant’s plants from the Prieska

and Hay Districts.

It also possesses the largest collection of South African fungi in existence, amongst

which may be mentioned a large number of specimens of the superficial ascomycetes

affecting our forest trees, and the original collections of Dr. Medley Wood, including a

number of type specimens, while to it have been bequeathed the valuable cryptogamic

collections of Dr. T. R. Sim; Tyson’s collections of marine algae, including his private

herbarium, have also been acquired by purchase.

A vast amount of material has thus been accumulated, and the special work which

has been done on it in the past few years makes it very necessary and desirable that it

should be published and made available to workers in other parts of the country. Con-

sequently it has been decided to issue from time to time as occasion demands a publication

which will consist of contributions from the National Herbarium.

In view of the great agricultural development which has taken place in South Africa

since Union, and bearing in mind that much of this was due to the policy and influence

of the first Union Premier and Minister for Agriculture—the late General Botha—no more

fitting name for the official organ of the National Herbarium could be found than that of

“ BOTHALTA.”

Bothalia is intended primarily as the medium for the publication of papers and

monographs based on the material in the National Herbarium, presenting new facts and

items of general interest.

It will include descriptions of new or little known plants, cryptogamic and phanero-

gamic, and it is hoped will mark a further step in the progress of botanical science in

South Africa.

I. B. POLE EVANS.

Pretoria,

Ist January, 1921..

n CONTENTS.

I. Sour AFRICAN ASCOMYCETES................ Ng Pres See epee prec... 5

MM Gon Canes OBEBSAMA OES ESE SG EN EE VEG AS

ae TN. A Revision OF THE Arrican SPEOIES OF “ SESBANIA”’............. MA AG

7 -

IV. Tse NATAL SPECIES OF tHe “SapINDACHAE”’........ ET Seat OU

}

7 nian Inge,

; ; a lay,

i oe %

is & SEP1 91924 *

Nationa) Muses

se. a) id.

UIE Ag ease r

aa ad. aan. AA AA sa AE ai ad

eo ove RICAN ASCOMYGETES

IN THE

NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

By ETHEL M. Dorper, MA., D.Sc., F.L.S., Assistant Chief, Division of

Botany and Plant Pathology.

PART Tf.

Most of the South African fungi described in the early days were collected by MacOwan,

Medley Wood, and others, who made a practice of sending a part of their material to

Europe for determination and retaining the duplicates; many of these duplicates are

now incorporated in the National Herbarium. These specimens are not strictly co-types,

as they were not examined by the describers of the species, but since the specimens were

all numbered, one rarely finds that they are not identical with the type specimens bearing

the same numbers. The same applies to specimens sent to Sydow in more recent years,

descriptions of which were published in the “ Annales Mycologici.”

Many alterations in nomenclature and classification have been introduced of late

years, chiefly by V. Héhnel, Theissen, and Sydow, who have published revised descriptions

from the type specimens. In some cases it is possible to add a few details to these

descriptions from more abundant and more recent collections, and to record the fungus

on other hosts and from new localities.

There are also a number of ascomycetes in the Herbarium which have been previously

recorded from other parts of the world, or which are apparently undescribed.

In every case the numbers quoted in square brackets are those of the mycological

section of the National Herbarium.

I am indebted to Mr. W. E. Schilz for the preparation of a fine series of sections of

the fungi under consideration and for considerable assistance in the translation of some

of the descriptions from the original German.

1. Schneepia radiata Doidge.

Syn. Lembosia radiata Doidge (South African Microthyriaceae, Trans. Roy. Soc.

South’ Africa, VIII, Part 4, 1920).

On leaves of undetermined shrub (Leguminosae) Rikath, Portuguese East Africa,

Junod [11729].

This fungus was originally described as a Lembosia, but by studying sections through

the leaf of the host an intramatrical hypostroma may be detected. This consists of a

colourless hyphal mass lying between the cuticle and the epidermis, and sometimes

penetrating downwards into the epidermal cells. In certain of the epidermal cells compact

balls of dark coloured hyphae are formed, and at these points the fungus breaks through

the cuticle to form the ascostroma.

The ascostroma is attached at several points and is almost 40 u high; the hypo-

thecium is thin and colourless.

The intramatrical hypostroma with superficial ascomata is typical of the Polystomel-

laceae ; the radial arrangement of the locul which are attached at several points, the

paraphysate asci, and two-celled brown spores are characteristic of the genus Schneepia,

to which this fungus must therefore be referred.

2. Cycloschizon brachylaenae (Rehm), P. Henn.

Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXIII, p. 39 (1902); Syll. Fung. XVII, p. 896.

Syn. Schneepia brachylaenae Rehm, Hedwigia 1901, p. 173.

On living leaves Brachylaena mernfolia, Bains Kloof, near Wellington, C.P., 12.11.10,

Doidge [981].

On Brachylaena dentata, Port Elizabeth, West [761]; Van Stadens Pass, 9.3.16,

Bottomley [9562]; Van Stadens Pass, 17.5.18, Pole Evans [11445].

On Brachylaena discolor, Lemana, Zoutpansberg District, 14.8.11, Doidge [1789] ;

Duikerfontein, Natal, 10.10.11, Moon [1887]; Port Shepstone, Natal, 15.10.12, Pole

Evans [5605]; Umgeni, near Durban, 15.11.16, V. d. Byl [10088].

On Brachylaena elliptica, Kast London, 24.11.17, Doidge [10912].

On Brachylaena sp., Rikath, Portuguese East Africa, September, 1918, Junod [11724].

Sydow [Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 207], described this fungus in detail from the type

specimen (Exsicc. Rabh. P., F. Eur. et extra-europ., 4264), which agrees in every respect

with the material in the National Herbarium. ‘The original is evidently not quite mature,

and in this connection Theissen and Sydow writes as follows :—' Die Art unterscheidet

sich generisch nur durch die farblosen Sporen von Dielsiella ; da die Asken des Originals

noch nicht ganz ausgereift sind, wire es nach diesem Exemplar nicht ausgeschlossen,

dass die Sporen sich spiter braiinten; dan fiele die Gattung Cycloschizon mit Dvelsiella

(1903) zusammen und letztere miisste gestrichen werden. Zu demselben Ergebnis kam

V. Hohnel (Fragm. n. 634 und 635). . . . Das oben erwihnte Exemplar auf B. dentata

scheint jedoch véllig ausgereift zu sein. Wir fandan hier schon ausserhalb der Schlauche

zahlreiche, stets véllig hyaline Sporen, Wahrscheinlich stellt Cycloschizon daher eine gute

Gattung dar.”

After examining the abundant material detailed above, it is evident that the spores

of Cycloschizon brachylaenae become fuscous, and later brown, at maturity. The genus

Dielsiella is therefore identical with Cycloschizon and the species Dielsiella pritzelu P. Henn.,

and D. alyxiae (Mass) Th. and Syd. become Cycloschizon pritzelu (P. Henn.) and C. alyxie

(Mass), respectively.

An apparently undescribed species on Catha edulis also belongs to the genus Cyclo-

schizon, and is described below.

3. Cycloschizon fimbriatum n. sp.

On living leaves of Catha edulis, Letaba Drift, Zoutpansberg District, 6.8.11, Doidge

[1798] and [1833]; Rikath, Portuguese East Africa, 31.5.18, Junod [11682]; Louis

Trichardt, 8.4.19, Putterill [11835].

Stromata amphigenous, scattered, circular, 1-5 to 2 mm. diam., surface dull black,

crustaceous, with an irregular annular ridge marking the position of the loculi; attached

to the leaf by a massive central foot, which is black and pseudo-cellular, arising from a

dense hypostroma. The hypostroma consists of closely interwoven and packed hyphae,

which completely destroy the palisade cells or the mesophyll cells in the immediate

vicinity of the foot and penetrate right through the thickness of the leaf in the inter-

cellular spaces. The increasing pressure of the hypostroma ruptures the epidermis, and

at this point the foot is formed. |

Except for the central foot, the stroma lies free on the leaf surface. The outer

membrane is radial in structure, rather loosely interwoven, and composed of hyphae

3-5-4 thick. At the periphery it spreads out into a short fringe of brown, radiating

hyphae about 3-5 thick; these are undulating, branched, and sometimes more or less

coherent. 'The central portion of the stroma is sterile, the loculi being arranged in a

circle round the centre; loculi linear, about 270 u wide and 100-115 u high, dehiscing by

a longitudinal fissure. Hypothecium pseudo-cellular, rather pale.

Asci paraphysate ; ovate when immature, thick walled above, 60 u x 30-33 u, and

with irregularly tristichous or conglobate spores. Mature asci clavate or ellipsoid,

75-90 u X 98-26 u with distichous spores. Asci stain brick red with iodine; there is

no blue reaction.

Paraphyses numerous, hyaline, linear, about 2:5 u thick. Spores brown, opaque at

maturity, two-celled, slightly constricted, ellipsoid, cells equal or sub-egual, 28-30 x

12-13°5 u.

Cycloschizon fimbriatum Doidge, n. sp.

Stromata amphigena, sparsa, 1-5-2 mm. diam., superficialia, centro affixa; centro

sterili magno 400-500 u diam.; irregulariter radiatim ex hyphis septatis 3 -5—4 u. crassis

brunneis composita, ambitu hyphis longiusculis radiantibus, 3-5 u crassis, flexuosis, ramosis

cincta ; loculo annulari integro v. interrupto, 270 u lato, 100-115 u alto, rima longitudinale

aperto. Asci paraphysati, clavati v. ellipsoidei, 75-90u x 23-26 u, octospori, para-

physibus numerosis, hyalinis, linearibus, 2-5 w crassis. Sporae brunneae, oblongae, medio

vel paullo supra medium septatae, leniter constrictae, ad apicem rotundatae, 28-30 u. x

12-13 -5 u.

Hab. in foliis Cathae edulis, Zoutpansberg Dist., Transvaal, 6.8.11, leg. Doidge

[1797].

4. Cocconia porrigo (Cke.) Sace.

Syll. Fung. VIII, p. 738.

Syn. Rhytisma porrigo Cke., Grevillea X, p. 129 (1882).

On leaves of Olea capensis, Inanda, August, 1881, Wood No. 660 [10702]; Van Stadens

Pass, C.P., 13.11.17, Doidge [10888].

Stromata amphigenous, but mostly epiphyllous, not crowded, round, flat, dull black,

up to 5 mm. diameter; central portion raised and rugose, 120-140 u thick. In the

smaller stromata there is a regular circular loculus forming a ring round the centre, and

within it a second smaller loculus which may be circular, S-shaped, or irregular. In the

larger stromata there are several concentric, circular loculi. At the periphery the covering

membrane is thin and membranaceous with lobed margins, and consists of radiating,

brown, septate hyphae which are 4-4-5 thick. Hypostroma extensive, in and under

the epidermis, dark, breaking out at many points and spreading horizontally on the cuticle ;

thus it forms a layer of short, septate hyphae about 26-30 u thick, which becomes gradually

thinner towards the periphery. Covering membrane radial in structure, carbonaceous,

30-40 » thick. Height of stroma 140-160 u. Asci broadly ellipsoid, 80-85 u x 27-30 u

with distichous or tristichous spores. Paraphyses filiform. Spores dark brown, 30-33 u x

11-13 u, two-celled, constricted ; loculi unequal, upper cell about 14-16 u x 13 u, broader

and shorter than the lower cell, which is 16-18 u x 11 u.

5. Cocconia concentrica Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 215.

Syn. Hysterostomella concentrica Syd. Ann. Myc. VII (1909), p. 544; Syll. Fung.

XXII, p. 556.

Hysterostomella circularis, Har. et Pat. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., 1911, p. 368.

On Trichila emetica, Lourenco Marques, 24.9.08, T. R. Sim [508]; Umbelusi R.

Portuguese Hast Africa, 9.11.10, Howard [1019]; Rikath, P.E.A., September, 1918

Junod [11728].

This fungus has only been recorded from East Africa on Trichilia emetica.

It has been described by Sydow (loc. cit.) as follows :—On the upper side of the leaf

there appear numerous concentric rings of small, black, punctiform bodies, which gradually

develop into small round discs. 'These form the central part of the stroma, and they later

coalesce, forming stouter linear stromata which still show the original ring formation.

Meanwhile the concentric ring formation continues at the periphery. The mature stroma

is crustaceous in the centre, the original disc-like bodies having become confluent radially

as well as laterally, but the concentric circles are still evident; the outer circles still

comprise discrete, round, immature discs. The separate stromata vary considerably in

length.

An transverse section through a collective stroma, which also passes through single

stromata, shows a chain of fruiting bodies with central attachment, and with a sterile

central portion.

The single stromata are thus attached to the leaf by their long axis, lying free on

both sides of the keel formed by the fine of attachment. They are 320-420 u high.

Beneath the sterile central portion the hypostroma fills the epidermal cells of the host

in an area extending 100-120 vy in diameter. The hypostroma is not continuous, but

more or less interrupted; and it produces numberless fine brown hyphae which pierce

the cuticle and appear on the surface as a compact stroma. Asci club-shaped cylindrical,

thick-walled round the apex, very briefly pedicellate, 45-554 x 14-18 u, eight-spored.

Spores distichous, elongated, rounded at both ends, two-celled, brown, 14-18 x 4-5 up.

Paraphyses filiform exceeding the asci in length, united above, and forming a somewhat

coloured epithecium.

6. Cocconia capensis n. sp.

On leaves of Ochna arborea, Howiesons Poort, near Grahamstown, 12.7.19, Doidge

[12373].

Stromata epiphyllous, round, dull black, minute, up to 1-5 mm. diam., in appearance

rather like a scale insect, centre raised, 130-150 py high, margin flat, appressed to leaf

surface; centre sterile, surrounded by a single circular loculus, 240-270 u broad ; covering

membrane black, opaque, about 13 u thick over the loculus, at the edge becoming some-

what lobed, thin, flat, and light coloured, consisting of fuscous, radiating hyphae, 3-3-5 u

thick.

Hypostroma very well developed, penetrating right through the leaf and forming a

tangled weft of hyphae in the intercellular spaces. At certain points the hypostroma

becomes much thickened in the epidermal and subepidermal cells, and the hyphal mass

becomes dark coloured and cellular, the cells being 6-7 » diam.

It breaks through the cuticle and forms a short column of elongated cells, certain of

which spread out radially on the leaf surface to form the hypothecium, and others growing

to a higher level form the central sterile portion of the stroma, and give rise laterally to

the covering membrane. The hypothecium is brown, 30-36 u thick and similar in texture

to the hypostroma, but the cells are flattened and elongated in a radial direction. There

are numerous secondary points of attachment along the axis of the loculus.

Asci clavate, eight-spored, pedicellate, thickened round apex, paraphysate, 65-70 u-x

22-25 u, they do not react to iodine ; paraphyses numerous, filiform. Spores two-celled,

brown, 21-23-54 9-10 u, slightly constricted; in immature spores the cells are

_ markedly different in form, they are equal in length, but the upper loculus is spherical,

9 u diam., and the lower clavate, tapering from 7 u at the centre to 4 u at the tip. In

mature spores the difference is less marked.

Cocconia capensis Doidge nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, sparsa, rotundata, atra, minuta usque 1-5 mm. diam., 130-150 u

alta, pluries affixa, radiato ex hyphis 3-3-5u er. contexta; loculo unico annular’,

240-270 uw lato, hypostromate epidermali et sub-epidermali oriunda. Hypothecium brun-

neolum 30-36 u er. Asci clavati, paraphysati, octospori, pedicellati, ad apicem incrassati,

65-70 » x 22-25; paraphysibus numerosis filiformis. Sporae brunneae, sub-clavatae,

1-septatae, constrictae, 21-23-54 x 9-10 u, loculo supero latiore.

Hab. in foliis Ochnae arboreae, Howiesons Poort, 12.7.19, leg. Doidge [12373].

7. Hysterostomina tenella Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 228.

Syn. Hysterostomella tenella Syd. Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 442.

On Asparagus striatus, Despatch, near Uitenhage, 23.3.11, Doidge [1241].

On Asparagus sp., Kentani, 19.3.12, Pegler [2240]; 3.6.12, Pegler [2362].

Stroma flat, membranous, dull black, 2-10 mm. long, irregular in shape, 70-80 yp. high,

on both sides of the leaf, or more or less clothing the stem. lLoculi very closely crowded,

irregularly arranged, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit; coverimg membrane radial, dark

brown to black, opaque, formed of hyphae 3-4» thick. Hypothecium very thin, light

brown. Asci paraphysate eight-spored, at first broad, oval, with conglobate spores ; later

becoming elongated, with distichous spores ; very thick walled at the upper end, 45-60» x

16-20 u. They do not react to iodine. Spores dark brown, strongly constricted, cells

spherical, sub-equal, elliptic-oblong, rounded at the ends, 18-16 u x 6-8 u. Hypostroma

not well developed ; it can only be detected in the stomata in the form of pegs, 20-25 p.

high and 14-16 » thick, which do not penetrate into the intercellular spaces.

jk es |

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Fig. 1.—Section through loculus of Macowaniella congesta, showing hypostroma.

8. MacOwaniella Doidge, nov. gen. Polystomellacearum.

Stromata superficialia, radiato-contexta ex hypostromati epidermali et sub-epidermal

oriunda ; loculis linearibus, rectis v. curvulis, inordinate nidulantibus. Asci paraphysati

octospori. Sporae phaeodidymae. Mycelium superficiale ramosum, septatum.

This genus differs from Hysterostomina in the presence of free mycelium, and from

Lembosiodothis in the absence of sub-cuticular bands. The hypostroma is deep-seated in

the tissues and is not sub-cuticular.

MacOwaniella congesta (Wint.), Doidge.

Syn. Lembosia congesta Wint., Syll. Fung. IX, p. 1105 [Wint. Exot. Pilze in Flora,

1884, p. 9].

On leaves and stems of Carissa arduina, Lemana, Zoutpansberg, 14.8.11, Doidge

[1786]; Isipmgo Beach, Natal, 21.5.17, Doidge [10155]; (Cango Valley, Oudtshoorn

10 n

Dist., 9.11.17, Doidge [10898]; Woodville Forest, George, 11.11.17, Doidge [10929];

Howiesons Poort, Grahamstown, 17.11.17, Doidge [10960];. Lovedale, Alice, 18.11.17,

Doidge [10979]; Hoggs Back, C.P., 15.1.18, J. and M. Henderson [11345]; Grahams-

town, 1917 [11369]. |

On Carissa grandiflora, Isipingo, Natal, 27.3.18, Bottomley [11380] ; Krantzkloof,

Natal, 26.5.15, Doidge [8983].

On Carissa acuminata, Stella Bush, Durban, 7.4.18, Bottomley [11381].

This fungus was originally described by Winter from material collected by MacOwan.

In his “ Lembosia-studien ` [Ann. Myc. XI (1913), p. 457], Theissen mentions this

species, and dismisses it with a single sentence: `` Der Beschreibung Winter’s ist nur

hinzuzufiigen, dass die an hyalinen Hyphenbiischel enstehenden Konidien sichelf6rmig

sind, einzellig, beid endig spitz, farblos, 20 u x 24.’ However, he omits it from his

synopsis of species, and from this one would gather that he was doubtful about its

systematic position.

The fungus on Carissa arduina is very common throughout the country, and with

the abundant material at my disposal I have made a careful study of sections through

the host, and find that it has a very abundant and well-developed hypostroma. It must

therefore be placed in the Polystomellaceae. It differs from Hysterostomina in the presence

of fairly well-developed superficial mycelium. I have therefore made it the type of a

new genus MacOwaniella.

MacOwaniella congesta occurs on the younger branches of Carissa spp., less frequently

on the leaves. Stromata, superficial, round or elliptic or irregular in shape up to 4 mm.

diameter ; loculi linear, straight, curved, or flexuous, closely crowded, irregularly arranged,

500-800 » long and 180-220 » broad ; less frequently oval, attenuated towards both ends,

280-340 vu. x 160-175; rarely almost circular, 160-190 u diam., 120-140» high, de-

hiscing by a longitudinal slit. Hypothecium pseudo-cellular, colourless or light brown

in centre, consisting of thin-walled plectenchyma. Covering membrane radial in structure.

Hypostroma strongly developed, penetrating deep into the tissues, forming closely

packed masses of interwoven hyphae in the intercellular spaces and in the cells. These

are especially evident in the epidermal and sub-epidermal cells under the fruiting bodies,

where at intervals the hyphal mass becomes thick walled and dark brown to black in

colour, and is connected with the ascostroma by slender, brown to black, fungous pegs

about 6 u thick, which pierce the cuticle. At or near the point where the cuticle is pierced

the dark hyphae often penetrate laterally into the cuticle for a short distance.

Asci oblong to clavate, attenuated into a short foot, eight-spored, paraphysate,

60-70 » x 21-26. Paraphyses filiform, often forked at the apex, tips more or less

conglutinate. Spores conglobate or sub-distichous, oblong, 1-septate, constricted, fuscous

when mature, 17-18 uy x 7-9 u.

Mycelium on the leaves well developed, fuscous, undulating, abundantly branched,

and anastomosing, with a few sessile, dark brown, hemispherical hyphopodia, 6-5-8 u x

6-5 u on the primary hyphae; mycelium on the branches not so well developed, hyphae

straighter, more slender, 3-5-5 yu thick, branches parallel, with occasional elongated

reticulations.

9. Asterodothis solaris (K. and Cke.) Theiss.

Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 179; Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 232.

Syn. Asterina solaris K. and Cke., Grevillea IX, p. 33; Syll. Fung. 1, a 42, on

Olea verrucosa, South Africa, Rabh. W., F. Eur. 365.

Lembosia albersii P. Henn., Bot. Jahrb. XXVIII, p. 39; Syll. Fung. XVIL p-

897, on Hlaeodendron sp. East Africa.

Seyesia elegantula Syd., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 1910, p. 463; Syll. Fung. XXII,

p. 522, on Xymalos sp., Uganda.

On Olea verrucosa leg. MacOwan, 3991, Rabh. F. Eur. 3651; Wellington, C.P., wf

10.11.10, Doidge [1033]; Langholm Estates, Bathurst Dist., 14.7. 19, Doidge [12346]:

Barberton, 30.2.15, Thorneroft [8826]. : a

Jig

On Olea exasperata, Belmont Valley, Grahamstown, 15.1.17, Doidge [10955].

On Olea capensis, Van Stadens Pass, 17.5.18, Pole Evans [11444]; Hoggs Back, C.P.,

15.1.18, J. and M. Henderson [11339]; Paddock, Natal, 22.12.13, V. d. Bijl [8875].

On Olea woodiana, Kast London, 24.11.17, Doidge [10902].

On Olea laurifolia, Hoggs Back, C.P., 15.1.18, J. and M. Henderson [11343]; Kirsten-

bosch, December, 1916, Glover [10043]; Howiesons Poort, Grahamstown, 12.7.19, Doidge

[12387]; Fort Cunynghame, March, 1915 [8896]; Schwarzwald, Victoria Hast, C.P.,

11.8.15, V. d. Bijl [9464].

On Elaeodendron croceum, Kentani, 20.7.12, Pegler [2533]; Pirie Forest, King-

williamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [12288]; Knysna, 8.6.12, Pienaar [2435].

On Elaeodendron capense, Grahamstown, 13.12.11, Burtt-Davy [2070]; Pirie Forest,

Kingwilliamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [12295].

Stromata amphigenous but more frequently epiphyllous, forming dark brown to black,

orbicular spots up to 2-4 mm. diam. These are usually quite distinctly radiate and

fibrillar in structure, even to the naked eye.

The hypostroma may be detected within the leaf, lying between the epidermis and

the palisade cells, and pushing down between the latter. In the #laeodendron spp. there

is more than one row of epidermal cells; but even then the internal mycelium penetrates

between all the rows of cells as far as the palisade tissue. At certain points the hypo-

stroma becomes much thickened and a hyphal mass is produced above the palisade cells

which gives rise to a short, dark, cylindrical column of perpendicular prosenchymatous

structure. This column or foot ruptures the epidermis and the hyphae composing it

flatten out horizontally and form the stroma; certain of the hyphae form a hypothecium

about 10 vu thick, and others growing to a higher level produce the radial covering

membrane. The illustration of the stroma of Asterodothis solaris in the Annales Myco-

logici [13 (1915), Tafel I, Fig. 10] is somewhat misleading, as it depicts the loculi in close

contact with the central column. This is not always the case, as in the large number of

sections examined of the fungus on various hosts the central part of the stroma was

sterile and the loculi were at some little distance, closely crowded, forming a sort of crown

round central point or being irregularly scattered about the centre.

The central part of the stroma as seen in a surface section may be parenchymatous

in structure, in which case the loculi show as small mounds; but frequently the locul

appear as dense black bodies borne on radiating hyphal strands which are more or less

connected with one another. The loculi (external measurement) are round 200-250 u

diam., or oval, 250-300 u x 140-200 u; they dehisce irregularly by a stellate or longi-

tudinal fissure.

In section the loculi are 120-160 » high, and are connected with the intramatrical

hypostroma by numerous dark coloured fungus pegs which pass through the stromata.

This fact is not mentioned by Theissen.

Radiating from the stroma are numerous hyphae which are almost straight, dark brown,

septate, 5-6 u thick; these often become adnate by their radial walls and form hyphal

strands. The hyphae produce branches, which form acute angles with the parent hypha.

On the hyphae are borne numerous outgrowths which may be regarded as rudimentary

setae or bristles. These are sometimes very short and almost like hyphopodia in appear-

ance; more frequently they are more or less erect, truncate, and up to 254 x 7-8 uy.

On the hyphae are also borne very dark brown, club-shaped conidia, which are 3-4 septate,

blunt at the ends, and 36-42 u x 11-12 u.

The fruiting layer is flat and the asci parallel, oval to clavate, eight-spored, 70-90 u x

24-28 vu. Paraphyses numerous, filiform. Spores distichous, ellipsoid, reddish-brown,

smooth, 27-31 u long, upper cell 10-12 u broad, lower cell 8-10 u broad.

The spores have a peculiar method of germination, the germ tubes appearing on the

medial constriction between the two loculi, one on each side.

A fungus with a similar conidia to Asterodothis solaris has been collected on Myrsine

melanophleos [10908] and [8995], but unfortunately neither of these two collections bear

mature ascostromata.

10. Polyrhizon bewsii n. sp.

On living leaves of Elaeodendron aethiopicum, Bisley, near Maritzburg, Natal, 11.4.17,

Bews [10087]; 20.7.18, Doidge [11592].

Stromata amphigenous, scattered, raised, round to irregular, about 1 mm. diam.,

simple or compound, in the latter case 2-3 or more stromata arising close together become

confluent. There is no discoloration of the leaf tissues in the neighbourhood of the

stroma.

Intramatrical mycelium copious, consisting of colourless hyphae 3-5-4 u thick, filling

the intercellular spaces and penetrating right through the leaf so that stromata are usually

formed at corresponding points on the upper and lower surface, one being older than the

other. Each stroma is attached to the leaf by a central foot, which is a continuation of

the brown compact hypostroma formed in the epidermal and sub-epidermal cells. This

foot is 80-160 vy. thick, and is continued into the stroma, forming a dark, cellular hypo-

thecium, around which the loculi are arranged. Apart from the central foot the stromata

are unattached, lying free on the leaf surface. In old stromata the asci above the foot

break away, leaving a cavity, so that the loculi have the appearance of being arranged

in a circle around a sterile centre.

Covering membrane black, carbonaceous, radiating in structure at margin, rugose.

Diameter of a single stroma is 700-1000 1; height, excluding foot, 200-270 u.

Asci paraphysate, briefly pedicellate, eight-spored, 70-100 u x 30-45 p, ovate, thick-

walled round apex, with conglobate spores when immature ; later becoming more elongated,

clavate, with distichous spores. Paraphyses linear, about 3-5 5u thick. Spores two-celled,

almost black, opaque, slightly constricted, ellipsoid, upper loculus slightly larger, 30-33 p x

13 -5-15 u.

Polyrhizon bewsi Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena, orbicularia, atra, carbonacea, circ. 1 mm. diam., centro affixa,

e 1-pluribus ascomatibus circinantibus concreta. Ascomata partialia, pede centrali

80-160 vu. er., epidermide innata, versus marginum radiato-contexta, 700-1000 yu diam.,

200-270 » alto, loculis rotundatis, immersis. Asci paraphysati, clavati, breviter pedi-

cellati, octospori, 70-100 ». x 30-45 p, paraphysibus linearibus, 3 5 y.cr. Sporae didumae,

brunneae, opacae, leniter constrictae, elongatae, loculo supero paullo majore, 30-33 p x

13 -5—15 u.

Hab. in foliis Flaeodendri aethiopici, Natal, 1.9.17, leg. Bews et Doidge [10087] et

[11592].

11. Placoasterella rehmii (P. Henn.) Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 237

Syn. Asterella rehmii P. Henn, Hg Bot. Jahrb. XVII, p. 114; Sacc. Syll. Fung.

Al, p. 257.

On Aloe arborescens, Ripplemead, Dohne, Stutterheim Dist., 25.2.15, Bell Edmonds

[8899].

On Aloe matriformis, Montague Baths, December, 1915, Pole Evans [9417].

On Aloe natalensis, Botanic Gardens, Maritzburg, 8.4.11, Pole Evans [1440].

On Aloe sp., New Hanover, Natal, 9.9.13, V. d. Bijl [8892].

This fungus was originally described as occurring in Abyssinia on Aloe ES and

Aloe maculata.

Aerial mycelium not very copious, consisting of brown hyphae, 3-5-5 u thick, very

tortuous, branched, and anastomosing. Stromata scattered or confluent in small groups,

either round, 150-200 u diam., or more frequently elliptic, 200-280. x 120-150u; in

the latter case straight or curved : when two or three are confluent the stroma often

appears to be forked ; dehiscing by an irregular, round, or elongated fissure.

# 3 F

ad aa. aa AAR ma AE ma Ge ME EA AA an n an Gl naai ad am AE EER

dis

The cuticle of the leaf is stained with a red pigment where it has been attacked by the

fungus, and the discoloration spreads into the palisade cells. 'The discoloured parts of

the leaf tissue are swollen, so that the stromata lie on round, reddish or brown blisters,

which are up to 5 mm. diam., and which are often so numerous as to become confluent.

Hypostroma epidermal, filling certain of the epidermal cells with dark hyphal balls,

especially under the centre of the superficial fruiting bodies ; mycelial strands also penetrate

between the palisade cells.

Fruiting body usually unilocular, 60-80 » high, with a thin black outer wall. Asci

oval to clavate, aparaphysate, eight-spored, apedicellate, thick-walled round apex, staining

brick red with iodine, 36-40 u x 224-25 4. Spores brown, two-celled, constricted ellip-

soid, cells almost equal, upper loculus somewhat broader, 18-23 « 8-10 u.

12. Hysterostoma orbiculata Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 239.

Syn. Dothidasteromella orbiculata Syd., Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 41.

On Olea verrucosa, Wellington, C.P., 18.11.10, Doidge [1031]; Port Elizabeth,

17.10.09, West (immature) [1870].

In renaming this fungus, Theissen and Syd. (loc. cot.) remark that the species has been

described from insufficient material, and that the diagnosis could be much improved after

studying well-developed specimens.

There is in the National Herbarium abundant material of the same collection as the

type [1031], and much of this is in excellent condition. I am, however, only able to add

a few details to the description cited above.

Stromata usually epiphyllous, less commonly hypophyllous, circular in outline,

dull black, 4-6 mm. in diameter, carbcnaceous ; the surface is rough and traversed by

deep fissures or clefts. Each stroma is surrounded by a radiating fringe of hyphae, which

are septate; 4-6 » thick, and run parallel to one another. These hyphae are, as a rule,

not branched, and are often fused by their lateral walls into hyphal strands, but are not

compacted into a stroma.

The central part of the stroma consists of numerous loculi, which are irregularly

arranged ; they are round to irregular in shape and very closely crowded, 250-300 u in

diameter. The lateral walls are almost perpendicular, the total height of the ascostroma

being 240-270 vu. The outer covering is radial in structure, and it breaks down irregularly

at maturity.

There appear to be no stomata on the upper surface of the leaf of Olea verrucosa,

but there are at intervals folds or clefts in the cuticle similar to those beneath which

the guard cells are formed on the lower surface. The hypostroma of the fungus is found

in the epidermal cells, between the epidermis and the cuticle and in the thickness of the

cuticle itself; here it is pseudo-cellular and dark brown. There is also an almost con-

tinuous layer of colourless, interwoven hyphae lying between the epidermis and the

palisade cells and penetrating into the upper part of the latter. The dark-coloured

hypostroma breaks through the leaf, often at the clefts mentioned above; the cuticle is

split irregularly in several directions, and through the fissures thus formed the hypostromal

tissue grows and produces the fruiting bodies, the hypothecium being in direct connection

with the hypostroma at several points under each loculus.

The hypothecium is brown, similar in texture to the hypostroma in the epidermal

cells and cuticle, but less dense; it is about 90-100 u high in the centre of each loculus,

where it forms an irregular cushion, on which the asci are borne, and becomes much

thinner at the periphery, measuring about 45 wu. Asci elongated, club-shaped, paraphysate,

eight-spored, thick walled round the apex, 75-140 u x 16-32u. Paraphyses numerous,

filiform, 2-3 vy thick, becoming more or less conglutinate at the tips and forming an

epithecial layer. The asci do not react to iodine, but stain a brick-red colour. Spores

usually distichous, oblong, medially uniseptate, brown, thick walled, 30-34 u x 12-15 u,

upper loculus very slightly broader and more broadly rounded than the lower.

13. Isipinga Doidge, nov. gen. Polystomellacearum.

Mycelium superficialum, ramosum, septatum, hyphopodiatum. Stromata super-

ficialia ex hypostromate subcuticulari oriunda, pluries affixa. Loculi inordinate dispositi,

rotundati vel elliptici (non lineares). Asci paraphysati, octospori. Sporae phaeodidymae.

This genus differs from Hysterostoma Theiss. in the presence of a well-developed

aerial mycelium, and from Asterodothis in the absence of a central column or foot.

Isipinga areolata n. sp.

On leaves of Euclea natalensis, Isipingo Beach, Natal, 21.5.17, Doidge [10153] ;

13.5.13, Doidge [6647]; near Durban, Natal, 25.5.97, Medley Wood [9520] (Wood

No. 6447); 25.5.15, Doidge [8986]; 13.1.18, V. d. Byl [11363].

, Hypophyllous, usually near the reflexed leaf margin, less frequently scattered over

the whole under-surface of the leaf, forming circular, dull-black areas, 5-15 mm. diam.,

often coalescing and forming irregular black blotches, especially along the leaf margins ;

stromata scattered and visible as small denser black points.

Aerial mycelium well developed, hyphae fuscous, 3-5-5 u thick, branching freely and

anastomosing to form regular, circular, or slightly oval areolae, 30-50 » diam.; hypho-

podia unicellular, darker than the hyphae, ovate or ellipsoid, straight or curved, 8-10 OK

5 u. Stromata scattered, circular or oval, opaque black, 300-350 u diam.- or about

400 u x 240 u, formed of radiating cells; arising from a subcuticular hypostroma which -

breaks through the cuticle to form the stromata in the cavities above the sunken stomata ;

stromata attached to host at several points by dark brown or black fungous pegs, which

are up to 20 u thick where they penetrate the cuticle ; height of fruiting body 1 is 80-100 p,

each stroma containing several round to irregular loculi ; the dark covering membrane

slopes gradually towards the leaf surface at the circumference of the stroma. -Loculi

dehisce at maturity by irregular fissures in the covering membrane.

Paraphyses fairly numerous, hyaline, linear, about 3 » thick, slightly EE the.

asci. ‘Asci eight-spored, ovate or broadly ellipsoid, thick walled round apex, 50-65, (ra

33-40 u, not reacting to iodine, but staining a sort of brick-red colour. Spores tristichous

or conglobate, brown, two-celled, 27-32 u x 13-13-5 u, constricted, upper loculus larger.

Isipinga areolata Doidge, n. sp.

‘Mycelium hypophyllum, bene evolutum, ramosum, areolatum ex hyphis 3-5-5 u

crassis, anastomosantibus, hyphopodiis continuis, ovatis v. ellipsoideis, rectis v. curvatis,

8-10 u x 5 u, compositum. Stromata sparsa, rotundata v. elliptica, atra, opaca, 300-350 u.

diam.; v. elliptica, circ. 400 u x 240 u, radiatim contexta, hypostromate subcuticulare

oriunda, pluries affixa. Loculi inordinate dispositi, 80-100 » alti. Asci octospori, ovati

vel late ellipsoidei, 50-654 x 33-40 u, paraphysate; paraphysibus filiformis, hyalinis,

3 pu. crassis. Sporae tristichae v. conglobatae, brunneae, 1-septatae, 27-32 u x 18-13 5 u,

constrictae loculo supero, paullo majore.

- Hab. in foliis Eucleae natalensis, Isipingo, Natal, 21.5.17, leg. Doidge [10153].

14. Isipinga contorta Doidge.

Syn. Dothidasteromella contorta Doidge, Trans. Roy. ane. of S.A. VIII, Part 8, 1920.

On leaves of Trichocladus ellipticus, Branders’ High Forest, Victoria East, 14.8.15,

V. d. Bijl [9462]; Pirie Forest, Kingwilliamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [12298].

Forms small, dull-black, round, or irregular areas on upper surface of the leaves;

the leaf tissues become discoloured in the neighbourhood of the fungus, right through to

the lower epidermis. Aerial mycelium well developed, primary hy phae long, radiating,

fuscous, 3-3-5 thick, with unicellular hyphopodia which are alternate or unilateral,

subglobose, 6-7 u diam.; between the radiating hyphae there is a densely interwoven

mass of paler secondary hyphae which are very tortuous and crumpled, copiously branched,

and anastomosing. Stromata scattered, opaque, black, 250-350 u diam., with radiating

structure, unilocular, attached at several points, and arising from a well-developed sub-

cuticular hypostroma. Asci paraphysate, ellipsoid, or ovate, very briefly stipitate, straight

or curved, 55-8O u x 90-25 u; paraphyses numerous, linear, flexuose, or somewhat

crumpled. Spores distichous or conglobate, 1-septate, slightly constricted, upper loculus

broader, 16-20 n x 8-10 u. )

15. Polystomella caulicola n. sp.

On stems of Asparagus sp., banks of Orange River, Aliwal North, 11.1.12, Pienaar

[2093]. a

Stromata caulicolous, usually irregularly elliptic to linear in outline, elongated in a

direction parallel with the stem axis, up to 8 mm. long, varying in width, 80-100 u high;

often confluent and quite irregular in outline, attached at many points; surface rough,

dull black. Covering membrane black, carbonaceous, formed of radiating hyphae about

3-5 vu thick and consisting of numerous Microthyrium-like discs fused together at the =

edges ; the membrane covers a number of flattened loculi which are 100-150 » diam. and

80-90 v. high, and are separated by thin walled plectenchyma which are colourless or light

brown. Hypothecium delicate, thin, colourless. Asci paraphysate, cylindrical-clavate,

eight-spored, briefly pedicellate, 50-70 vu ` 18-20 u. Spores distichous, ellipsoid, hyaline,

two-celled, very slightly constricted, cells sub-equal, 17-20 » x 6-8-5 u (not quite mature).

Hypostroma well developed in the epidermis and penetrating into the sub-epidermal

cells.

Polystomella caulicola Doidge, n. sp.

Stromata caulicola, elongata, usgue 8 mm. longa, 80-100 u alta, pluries affixa, mem-

brana una radiato e cellulis 3-5 y er. contexta, carbonacea, ex pluribus quasi-Microthyriis

conflata tecta, ex hypothecio epidermali oriunda. Loculi rotundati, 100-150 u diam.,

80-90 vy. alti, hypothecio tenue, hyaline. Asci paraphysati, cylindracei v. clavati, octo--

spori, breviter pedicellati, 50-70 u x 18-20 yu. Sporae distichae, ellipsoidae, hyalodidymae,

leniter constrictae, loculus subaequalibus, 17-20 y « 6-8-5 u (vix maturis).

Hab. in caulibus Asparagi sp., Aliwal North, 11.1.12, leg. Pienaar [2093].

16. Palawaniella Doidge, nov. gen. Polystomellacearum.

Stromata superficialia, orbicularia, pluries affixa, hypostromate in epidermide bene

evoluto, radiato-contexta, carbonacea; mycelio libero nullo; loculis e medio evoluto,

plus minusve annulatim dispositis, sed discretis, rotundatis ; hypothecium tenue; asci

paraphysati, octospori; sporae phaeodidymae.

This genus differs from Palawania chiefly in the centrifugal development of the

stromata, and in the epidermal, rather than sub-epidermal hypostroma. It differs from

Plevostomella in the brown, two-celled Spores ,; the loculi are less definitely arranged in

concentric rings.

Palawaniella eucleae n. sp.

On living leaves of Fuclea macrophylla, Howiesons Poort, near Grahamstown, 12.7.19,

Doidge [12375].

Stromata epiphyllous, scattered, round, 4-7 mm. diam., loculi developing centrifugally

and arranged in more or less definite concentric circles ; these show first of all as minute

black points, which increase in size up to 160-500». diam. ; in the centre the loculi are

very closely crowded ; towards the circumference they are more scattered, but in either

case they are round to oblong, discrete, 80-90 y high, adnate with their whole base to the

substratum. The outer wall is radial in structure and splits at maturity by irregular |

stellate or, less frequently, longitudinal fissures. a

Hypostroma well developed, formed of fuliginous hyphae which form compact balls :

in the epidermal cells; hyphae may often be traced running between the palisade cells

and the epidermal cells, and so connecting adjacent loculi. There are no stomata on the

upper surface of the leaf and the cuticle is not ruptured, the ascus-bearing stroma being >

connected with the hypostroma in the epidermal cells by numerous fine, colourless fila-

ments, which penetrate the cuticle; these are about 1-1-5 y thick. Hypothecium thin,

colourless.

A sei paraphysate, eight-spored, very briefly pedicellate, clavate to ovate, thick walled

at apex, 43-574 x 23-27; they do not react to iodine. Paraphyses very numerous,

hyaline, filiform 2-5-3 thick, slightly exceeding the asci. Spores distichous or con-

globate, ellipsoid, two-celled, fuscous, later brown, very slightly constricted, cells almost

equal, 20-21 u x 8-5-10u.

Palawaniella eucleae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata ascophora epiphylla, superficialia, sparsa, 4-7 mm. diam., radiato-contexta ;

hypostromati epidermali; loculi numerosi, e medio evoluti plus minusve concentrice

dispositi, sed discreti, rotundati v. elliptici, 160-500 u lati, 80-90 u alti; hypothecio tenue.

Asci paraphysati, octospori, brevissime pedicellati, clavati v. ovati, ad apicem incrassati,

43-57 u x 23-274; paraphysibus numerosis, hyalinis, filiformis, sporae distichae v.

conglobatae, ellipticae, medio 'septatae, brunneae, leniter constrictae, loculis subaequalibus,

20-21 u x 8-5-10 u.

Hab. in foliis #ucleae macrophyllae, Howiesons Poort, 12.7.19, leg. Doidge [12375].

Fig. 3.—Section through loculus of Palawaniella eucleae.

i7. Pleiostomella Halleriae n. sp.

On Halleria lucida, Louis Trichardt, 8.4.19, Putterill [11847]; Van Stadens Pass,

C.P., 13.11.17, Doidge [10872]; Howiesons Poort, Grahamstown, 17.11.17, Doidge

[10959]; Buccleuch, Natal, 17.7.18, Doidge [11585]; Howiesons Poort, 12.7.19, Doidge

[12384].

On Halleria elliptica, Kentani, 4.12.15, Pegler (Pegler 2348) [9163].

Stromata epiphyllous, superficial, scattered, round, up to 3 mm. diam., obscurely

brown, 100-115 v. high, attached at many points, radiate in structure, with an opaque,

rugose covering membrane 30-45 u thick; hypothecium brown, 30-36 u thick, loculi

numerous, densely crowded in concentric circles, but discrete, round, 190-250 u diam.,

or becoming oval by crowding and then 250-280 u x 1604. Hypostroma epidermal, but

occasionally, in centre of stroma, more deeply seated and invading the palisade cells.

Asci ovate, 50 u x 26-33 vy or clavate, 66-70 u x 20-23 u, thickened at apex, eight-spored ;

paraphyses hyaline, linear, about 1:5 u thick, soon disappearing. Spores distichous or

tristichous, at first equally or sub-egually 1-septate, constricted, later muriform, usually

transversely 5 (rarely) 7-septate, and with a longitudinal septum running the length of

spore, rarely constricted at secondary septa; septa very delicate, plasma granular, hyaline

(mature ?) 22-24 x 9-l10yu. Asci stain brick-red with iodine.

Pleiostomella Hallervae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata ascophora superficialia, sparsa, rotundata, usque 3 mm. diam., obscure

brunnea, 100-115 u alta, radiato-contexta, pluries affixa; hypostromate epidermali ;

strato tegente opaco, 30-45 u crasso; loculi numerosi, dense concentrique dispositi, sed

discreti, 190-250 u diam., vel elliptici, 250-280 u 160 u. Asci ovati, BOu x 26-33 u,

vel clavati, 66-70 » x 22-23 u, ad apicem incrassati, octospori, paraphysati; paraphysibus SS

filiformis, mox mucosis praesentibus. Sporae distichae v. tristichae, oblongae, utringue =

rotundatae, hyalinae (an semper?) medio v. paullo supra medium septatae, deinde trans- '

verse 5, rare 7 septatae, septis tenuissimis, cellulis pluribus v. omnibus septo longitudinali

divisis, plasmate granuloso, 22—24 u x 9-10 u.

Hab. in foliis Halleriae lucidae, Louis Trichardt, 8.4.19, leg. Putterill [11847].

18. Diplochorella amphimelaena (Mont.) Theiss. and Syd.

Aan. Myc., 1914, p. 277.

Syn. Dothidea amphimelaena Mont.

Ann. Sc., Nat. II, Ser. t. XX, p. 372. Syll. Crypt., p. 222.

Homostegia amphimelaena Sacc. Syll. Fing. II, p. 650.

Phyllachora osyridis Cke., Grevillea XIII, p. 64.

Dothidella osyridis Berl. et Vogl., Syll. Fung. IX, p. 1038.

Dothidella osyridis var. tassiana Sacc., Syll. Fung. XIV, p. 676.

Microcyclus osyridis Sace., Ann. Mye. II, 1904, p. 165.

Microcyclus tassianus Syd., Ann. Myce. II, 1904, p. 165.

On Osyris compressa, Muizenberg, C.P., 1883, MacOwan (Rabh. Wint. Fung. Eur. :

3562) [3902]; Port Elizabeth, 23.3.11, Doidge [1243]; St. James, Capetown, 10.12.11,

Pole Evans [1982]; Kloof Neck, Capetown, 24.2.12, Doidge [2155]; Muizenberg, 12.4.12,

Beardmore [2292]; Belmont Valley, Grahamstown, 15.11.17, Doidge [10954]; Kalk Bay,

January, 1918, Potts [11302].

Compound stromata, circular, 2-3 mm. diam., forming flat, raised discs on both sides

of the leaf, with almost vertical edges, silver grey on the surface, thickly beset with

erumpent punctiform, dull black bodies about 50% diam., which eventually cover the

whole surface. The densely crowded loculi develop under the epidermis—the apex of

each separately rupturing the epidermis—and become somewhat raised above it. Gradually

the part of the epidermis intermediate between the apices of the loculi disappears and

the surface becomes altogether black. The leaf is normally 500-550 u thick, but through

the action of the fungus on both leaf surfaces it is often up to 1300 u thick. The central

leaf tissue is colourless and free from fungous stroma to a thickness of 700 1; above and

below this the stromatic layer develops, which is again differentiated into two layers, the

outer composed of the loculi and the inner of the basal hyphal stroma. The first consists

of closely crowded, perithecium-like loculi, which are 120 4 high and 85-95 u diam., and

which are more or less connected laterally. From the base of the loculi the hyphae of the

vegetative stroma run vertically inwards, forming a fairly sharply defined stromatic plate

120-170 » thick. The loculi are typically composed of grey-brown, laterally compressed

cells which are 14-15 u long, 5 u thick, and 8-9 » broad, and are in close contact by their

flat sides. These hyphae sometimes penetrate inwards in more or less compact strands,

but only to a limited depth, and the intermediate leaf tissue is not destroyed. Towards

the base of the loculi the greater part of the flat cells become polyhedral or regularly elliptic

and somewhat smaller and form a sort of wall round the loculi consisting of a few concentric

layers of cells; they also fill up the spaces between the loculi; the cells are dark brown

and thick walled. There is apparently no stromatic connection between the stromata on

the upper and lower leaf surfaces.

Asci aparaphysate, basal, short cylindrical, 35 u x 12 u, apedicellate, eight-spored.

Spores polystichous, hy aline, two-celled, 12-13 u x 4 u, constricted at the septum ; lower

cell twice the length of the upper.

19. Montagnella maxima Mass.

Gardener’s Chronicle, 1899, p. 291, c.i.e.; Syll. Fung. XVI, p. 630.

Ann. Myc. XVI, p. 630; Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 638, Fig. 4.

On Aloe ferox, Port Elizabeth, 24.3.12, Doidge [2274]; Uitenhage, 15.5.12, Pienaar

[2496]; Graaff-Reinet, 1.4.12, Burtt-Davy [5156].

On Aloe platylepis, Port Elizabeth, 23.3.11, Doidge [1312].

This fungus forms large raised galls about 1 mm. high; on both sides of the leaf,

they are circular or oval and up to 1 cm. diam. The stroma breaks through the epidermis,

forming a number of little furrows which are arranged in numerous concentric circles.

The vegetative stroma extends perpendicularly downwards into the gall tissue, filling the

intercellular spaces with smooth, light brown hyphae 33-4 thick; before they break

through the epidermis these become collected together and form a thick compact weft,

on which are formed in groups the narrow, almost free loculi. These in section are 135 u

high and 100 » diam., the stromatic base of each group being 160-240 u thick. Asci basal,

aparaphysate, broadly clavate to oval, very briefly pedicellate, 58-68 u x 30-40 u; spores

brown, tristichous, oblong, 30 2 x 6-8 uv, four-celled, constricted in the middle, rounded

at both ends, straight.

20. Elmerococcum peglerae (Pole Evans) Doidge.

Syn. Montagnella peglerae Pole Evans, Ann. Bolus Herb. II, p. 5.

On leaves of Myrsine melanophleos, Kentani, 3.4.12, Pegler [2206]; May, 1913,

Pegler [6620].

Stromata hypophyllous, black, punctiform, not more than 0-5 mm. diam., attached

to the leaf by a central foot which breaks out thr ugh a stoma. The central foot gives

rise to a thick basal cushion of sterile plectenchyma, on which are borne the small bolster-

shaped ascostroma and one or two sub-spherical pycnidia, both being flattened laterally

by contact. The stroma is often surrounded by a short sparse fringe of fuscous hyphae,

which are septate and 3-35) thick. Ascostroma 300-430 u ` 200-270» and about

80-90 » high, unilocular ; wall consisting of polyhedral plectenchyma. Asci paraphysate,

oval to clavate, very briefly pedicellate, 60-70» x 23-27%; paraphyses not numerous,

filiform, excecding the asci. Spores distichous, hyaline, 3-septate, clavate to ellipsoid,

not constricted, 27-30% «x 9-10 yu. Pyenidia 160-200 1 diam. ; conidia very numerous,

minute, bacilloid.

Elmerococcum peglerae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata erumpenti-superficialia, centro affixa, orbicularia v. elliptica, usque 5 mm.

diam. ; ascostroma unica et pycnidia unica vel dua in quaque stromati aggregata. Asco-

stromata nigra, perithecioidea, elliptica 300-430 u longa, 200-270 u lata, 80-90 u alta.

Asci ovati vel clavati, paraphysati, breviter pedicellati, 60-70 u `X 23-274. Sporae

distichae, hyaline, 3-septatae 27-30 u ` 9-10 u. Pycnidia rotundata 160-200 u diam. ;

conidiis minutis bacillaribus.

Hab. in folis Myrsine melanophleos, Kentani, 3.4.12, Pegler [2206]; May, 1913,

Pegler [6620].

21. Rosenscheldia horridula n. sp.

On living leaves of Olea capensis, Umgeni Beach, Durban, 4.6.12, Pole Evans [3149];

Kast London, 19.7.19, Doidge [12411].

On Olea woodiana, East London, 24.11.17, Doidge [10903].

Stromata usually hypophyllous, less frequently epiphyllous, very numerous, but not

large, up to 2 mm. diam. Often larger, irregular stromata are formed by confluence.

In the intercellular spaces under the epidermis the hyphae are colourless and closely

packed, passing over into a darker coloured mass of round-polygonal cells 5-6-5 u diam.

This layer of dark, thick-walled cells is rather irregular and here and there penetrates

deeper into the leaf tissues. From this stromatic base arise very numerous, closely

crowded, cylindrical or club-shaped bodies 200-240 » high, 96-160» thick at the base

160-200 u thick at the apex. This column has the same prosenchymatous structure as

the basal stroma. In the upper, broader part of each there is a single loculus sunk in the

stroma; this has no separate wall, but is covered by the polygonal-celled hyphal weft

of the stroma column. The cells of this covering layer are larger than those at the base,

being 7-10 u diam.

In this species of Rosenscheldia the sterile part of the column is very short, the loculus

being sub-spherical 100-150 u diam. Asci basal, clustered, eight-spored, paraphysate,

narrow-clavate, thickened round apex, 55-70 u x 16-17 u. Paraphyses numerous, filiform.

Spores distichous, four-celled, fuscous, clavate, 20-22 u long, 6-6-5 u thick at the broad

end.

Rosenscheldia horridula Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata plerumque hypophylla, minuta, usque 2 mm. diam., v. confluenda majores,

columnata, columnis cylindraceis v. clavatis, dense aggregatis, 200-240 u altis, base

96-160 u, apice 160-200 u crassis. Loculi apicales singuli in quaque columna, stromate

apicale tegentes, 100-150 u diam. Asci paraphysati, octospori, clavati, ad apicem incras-

sati, 55-70 u x 16-17 u; paraphysibus numerosis, filiformis. Sporae distichae, 3-septatae,

fuscae, clavatae, 20-22 u x 6-6°5 u.

Hab. in foliis Oleae capensis, Durban, 4.6.12, leg. Pole Evans [5149].

22. Auerswaldia examinans (M. et B.) Sacc.

Syll. Fung. I, p. 626.

Syn. Dothidea eramimnans M. et B.—BI. javan, 520.

Sphaeria eraminans Mont. et Berk.—Hooker's Lond. Journ. Bot. I, p. 156.

On bark of old seedling citrus tree, Krantzkloof, Natal, 7.4.14, Bell [7733].

Auerswaldia eraminans was originally described as occurring on the bark of a tree

in Java. The South African specimen agrees with the description given in the Annales

Mycologici (XIII, 1915, p. 298), except that the loculi are somewhat larger.

The bark is thickly beset with the erumpent, dull black, tuberculate stromata in all

stages of growth, from the youngest which are punctiform to the mature columns with

a length of 800 u. The surface is rough, granular, covered with the somewhat mammillate

protruding apices of the loculi.

The stroma develops under the bark, spreading considerably, and breaking through

at several points develops the stromatal columns in which the loculi are formed. The

hyphae forming the column are pendicular to the hypostroma, towards the apex becoming

indistinctly cellular. In the young fruiting bodies only the hypostroma and the outer

layer of the column is dark coloured. The loculi he in the upper part of the column, and

are 140-160 u x 120-150 u, circular to ellipsoid, and sunken in the stroma, the latter

being raised in a series of minute peaks over the apices of the loculi. The loculi are not

ostiolate, dehiscing by the rupture of the outer stromatic wall. Asci basal, clavate-

cylindrical, 65 u x 18 u, with a short, broad foot 12 u long. Spores distichous, brown,

one-celled, oblong-ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, 20-24 x 10-11 u.

23. Dothidina diseiformis (Wint.) Theiss. and Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 304. .

Syn. Auerswaldia disciforms Wint.—Hedwigia XXIII, 1884, p. 170; Syll. Fung.

IX, p. 1033.

On leaves of Myrica sp., near Capetown, 1883, MacOwan (Rabh. Wint. Fung. Eur.

3063) [3403]; Krantzkloof, Natal, 14.8.14, V. d. Byl [8396]; Uganda, March, 1916,

Dummer [11986].

Stromata on both sides of the leaf, round or irregular, often angular, 2-5 mm. broad,

forming black, comparatively smooth cushions, raised 200-300 u above the leaf surface.

The epidermis, which is filled with stroma, at first covers the true stroma, but later it

becomes torn and pushed back, and is also torn away from the stroma, with which it was

at first united. It then surrounds the free erumpent fruiting bodies, being torn into

broad black flaps. The inner part of the stroma is comparatively light coloured, but

consists of thick-walled hyphae, 6-10 u broad. Loculi crowded, spherical or spherical-

ovate, 120-160 » diam., not reaching the base of the stroma, without a true wall. Para-

physes filiform. Asci cylindrical, rounded above, narrower at the base, 100-1354 x

14-16 v. Spores obliquely monostichous or almost distichous up to eight in an ascus,

elliptic, one-celled, olive brown, 17-19 u x 8-9 u.

24. Parastigmatea Doidge, nov. gen. Stigmateacearum.

Omnia ut in Stigmatea, sed sporae hyalinae, continuae.

Parastigmatea nervisita n. sp.

On leaves of Stephania hernandifolia, Maritzburg, Natal, 26.6.11, Doidge [1656] ;

6.4.14, Doidge [8352].

Ascomata epiphyllous, minute, dull black, punctiform, circular, 240-300 u diam.,

discrete, but in small groups on main and lateral veins, 80-90 u high, smooth, remaining

covered by the cuticle. Basal membrane brown, about 10 thick, composed of con-

centric layers of compressed hyphae. Covermg membrane radial in structure, composed

of sinuous hyphae, 3-3-5 u thick, arched in centre, flat at edges, 6-7 u thick, dehiscing

by a circular central pore; central cavity containing asci about 150 u diam. Asci para-

physate, ovate or broadly ellipsoid, thick walled, eight-spored, 50-53 x 26-5-30 u.

Spores distichous or conglobate, hyaline, sub-clavate or somewhat piriform, rounded at

both ends, continuous, 20-24 y « 8-10 u.

Parastigmatea mervisita Doidge, nov. sp.

Ascomata epiphylla, minuta, atra, rotundata, in nervibus insidentia, 240-300 u diam.,

80-90 u alta, laeves, cuticulare tecta, radiatim e hyphis undulatis 3-3-5 u crassis, con-

texta. Asci paraphysati, ovati vel late ellipsoidei, 8-spori, 50-53 » x 26-5-30 u. Sporae

distichae v. conglobatae, hyalinae, continuae, subclavatae v. sub-piriformae, utrinque

rotundatae, 20-24 ` 8-10u.

Hab. in foliis Stephamae hernandifoliae, Maritzburg, 26.6.11, et 6.4.14, leg. Doidge

[1656] et [8352].

25. Perischizon oleifolium (Kalch and Cke.) Syd.

Ann. Myc. XII (1914), p. 265, XII (1915), p. 269.

Syn. Dothidea oleifolia Kalch et Cke., Grevillea IX (1880), p. 31.

On Olea capensis, 9.1.14, Kirstenbosch, C.P., Pearson [7374].

On Olea laurifolia, 21.6.16, Malalane, Eastern Transvaal, Hall [9749].

Stromata amphigenous, scattered or crowded, circular, raised, }-? mm. diam., with

a central foot 100-200 ». diam. penetrating into leaf tissues. Surface rough, lumpy, with

a single (occasionally double) peripheral wall, beset laterally as well as at the base with

bristly, brown, truncate septate hyphae, 100 u long, 5-8 » thick, which later disappear.

Stroma hard in texture, dark, prosenchymatous, composed of parallel hyphae. The loculi

are sunken in the periphery and coalesce to form a circular hymenium, the stromatal

cover becoming mucilaginous at maturity and disappearing. Asci clavate, thick-walled

round the apex, 90-1154 x 28-38 u, eight-spored, embedded in mucilage. Paraphyses

simple, thick, clavate at the apex, and 3-4 broad, light brown. Spores distichous,

ellipsoid-oblong, brown, 26-34 u x 11-14 u, two-celled, constricted, abruptly rounded at

both ends; upper cell somewhat broader than the lower. :

26. Phragmodothella nervisequens n. sp.

On leaves of Burchellia capensis, Van Stadens Pass, 7.7.18, Pole Evans [11446].

Stromata amphigenous, but mostly hypophyllous, forming elongated, raised, rusty-

brown streaks, up to 1 cm. long and 1 mm. broad, on mid-rib and main lateral veins ;

smaller, punctiform, elongated, or branched on smaller veins. Stromata developed under

the epidermis, causing a gall-like hypertrophy of the leaf tissues, later becoming erumpent ;

120-160 u high, the inner part of the stroma being composed of compact brown cells 3-5 y.

diam., prosenchymatous between the loculi, and with a darker, roughened crust. Loculi

numerous, immersed, sub-spherical, 80-1004 diam. Asci aparaphysate, eight-spored,

clavate or ellipsoid, thick-walled round apex, with a short foot, 45-60 u x 20-23°5 u.

Spores hyaline, distichous, 3-septate, oblong or somewhat clavate, slightly constricted at

the centre, 18-20u x 5-6:5u.

Phragmodothella nervisiquens Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena, plerumque nervisequentes hypophylla, nervis majoribus usque

1 cm. longa et 1 mm. lata; nervis secundariis minores punctiforma, elongata v. ramosa ;

erumpentia dothideodea, 120-160 u alta. Loculi numerosi, immersi, suborbiculares,

80-100 u diam. Asci Aparaphysati, octosponi, clavati v. ellipsoidei, apice incrassati, breviter

pedicellati, 45-60 u x 290-235 u. Sporae hyalinae, distichae, triseptatae, oblongae v.

subclavatae, medio leniter constrictae, 18-20 p x 5-6-5 u.

Hab. in foliis Burchelliae capensis, Van Stadens Pass, 7.7.18, leg. Pole Evans [11446].

LAS wy

mi pd

HE Bi i

Min Oh

‘Ss ee G

| J

Fig. 5.— Phragmodothis asperata.

27. Phragmodothis asperata Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 345.

On the stem of Euphorbia schintzii, Wagenpadsnek, Pretoria Dist., 26.12.11, Pienaar

Piso]: 31.12 AS 7353):

Stromata only growing in the outer layers of cells and becoming apparently quite

superficial through the rupture of the periderm, almost spherical, 14-3 mm. diam., 1}-2 mm.

high, black, surface much wrinkled and cracked. Interior of stroma brown, the base and

periphery being dark, opaque, formed of perpendicular, ascending hexagonal cells 15-19 u

diam. Loculi elliptical, 250% x 9200 u, sunken under the periphery, often apparently

free through the crumbling away of the stroma surface. Asci clavate, thick-walled,

140-200 u x 16-32», 6-8 spored. Spores distichous or obliquely monostichous, oblong,

four-celled, narrowed towards each end, but not pointed; straight, or one side straight

and the other convex, verrucose at maturity. Paraphyses wanting.

toor N ER

28. Trabutia evansii Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 352.

On Ficus sp., Lourenco Marques, Portuguese Kast Africa, May, 1909, Howard [668].

Stromata only epiphyllous, on inconspicuous yellowish or brownish, discoloured spots,

small, circular, 1 mm. diam., usually more or less regularly arranged in groups 4-1 em.

diam., but seldom becoming confluent. Not infrequently these groups are so numerous

that they run together, and the whole leaf surface is more or less evenly and thickly beset

with the small stromata. Stromata convex, almost hemispherical, unilocular, between

the cuticle and the epidermis, composed of grey brown, vertical, parallel hyphae 4-5 u

diam. Clypeus opaque, 50-80 » thick, loculus 300-450 u diam., 150-240». high, with a

wall 15-18 u thick composed of delicate brown hyphae and concentric in structure. Asci

cylindrical with monostichous spores, or clavate with distichous or somewhat conglobate

spores (in the latter case the spores are often oblique or transverse), 70-90 u x 10-16 u, |

eight-spored. Paraphyses numerous. Spores ellipsoid, abruptly rounded at both ends, 4

continuous, hyaline, 11-14 2 « 8-95 u.

29. Trabutia ficuum (Niessl.) Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 352.

Syn. Phyllachora ficuum Niessl. Hedwigia XX. 1881, p. 99. Syll. Fung. I, p. 598.

On Ficus sp. Portuguese East Africa, 24.5.1908, Howard [520].

On Ficus howardiana, Lourenco Marques, P.E.A., 30.8.1909, Howard [719].

Stromata epiphyllous, shiny black, small, 4-1 mm. diam., raised, irregular, between

the cuticle and the epidermis, becoming flat at the edge. In the centre there are a few

loculi, 120-140 » high, with opaque covering stromatal layer about 30 u thick, the inner

part of the stroma is lighter brown. Loculi flattened-spherical or lenticular, from 220 u

diam. and 100 u high, to 320y diam. and 115 high. Asci paraphysate, cylindrical-

clavate, 55-65 u » 14-18, eight-spored. Spores hyaline, continuous, monodistichous,

oval to ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, 11-13 u x 6$ u.

30. Trabutia nervisequens (Lingelsh) Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 353.

Syn. Phyllachora schweinfurthii P. Henn., var. nervisequens Lingelsh, Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XX XIX, 1907, p. 604.

On Ficus sp., Umgeni, near Durban, 21.3.10, Doidge [854]; Malvern, Natal,

98.12.11, Doidge [1994]; Winkle Spruit, Natal, 29.1.12, Pole Evans [2019]; Port

Shepstone, Natal, 15.10.12, Pole Evans [5608]; Amanzimtoti, 14.6.14, Franks [7813].

This fungus was originally described on Ficus hochstetteri, var. glabrior in Abyssinia.

It appears to occur quite commonly on the Natal coast.

Stromata epiphyllous, developed on inconspicuous yellowish coloured spots, chiefly

along the mid-rib and lateral veins, being elongated in the direction of the vein and more

or less confluent. Small stromata only 1 mm. long, larger ones up to 2 em. long, very

slightly shiny, between the cuticle and the epidermis, with one or many loculi, flat, some-

what wavy. The inner part of the stroma is prosenchymatous, composed of brown,

parallel hyphae, perpendicular to the leaf surface, and 7-9 y thick. Loculi lenticular,

400-600 » diam.. 250-300 vu. thick. Locular wall comparatively stout, 12-18 u thick, light

brown, composed of numerous concentric layers of very delicate hyphae. Clypeus 40-60 u

thick, stout, opaque. Asci cylindrical, stipitate, paraphysate, 75-110 u x 11-14 u. Spores

usually monostichous, broadly ellipsoid, continuous, hyaline, 12-16% x 8-10.

On the surface of young stromata a conidial layer is often developed, which produces

hyaline, filiform, crumpled conidia.

Var. robusta Doidge.

On Ficus sp., Port Elizabeth, 20.6.19, Gunn [12248].

Differs from the type in the thickness of the stroma and in the form and size of the

loculi. Stroma 400-450 u high, loculi sub-spherical, 330-370 u diam., 300-400 v. high.

31. Catacauma dalbergiicola (P. Henn.) Th. et Syd.

Ann. Myc., XIII (1915), p. 388.

Syn. Phyllachora dalbergucola P. Henn., Hedwigia XXXVI, 1897, p. 224; Syl.

Fung. XIV, p. 664. .

On leaves of Dalbergia armata, Barberton Dist., August, 1906, Pole Evans [588];

Stella Bush, Durban, 11.7.11, Doidge [1662]; Verulam, Natal, 3.7.13, Pole Evans

[6808].

The type specimen is on leaves of Dalbergia varvabilis and was collected in Brazil.

The South African specimens agree exactly with the description of the original, except

in the size of the loculi, which are somewhat smaller.

Epiphyllous, taking different forms on different leaves, sometimes very minute, some-

times producing round-angular stromata up to 13-2 mm. diam., convex, somewhat shiny,

between the epidermis and the palisade cells. Clypeus epidermal, opaque, about 35 u

thick, the inner part of the stroma being formed of vertical, parallel, light rusty-brown

prosenchyma. Loculi sunken in the stroma, one or more according to the size of the

stroma, 240-300 u diam. and 180-200 u high (in the original description 360-440 u. diam.),

with a thin wall. Asci clavate, paraphysate, 60-70 u x 16-20 u. Spores distichous,

oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline, continuous, 12-14 u x 6-7 u.

32. Catacauma Pterocarpi Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 387.

Syn. Phyllachora Pterocarpi Syd., Ann. Myc., 1912, p. 40.

On Pterocarpus angolensis, Letaba Drift, Zoutpansberg Dist., 6.8.11, Doidge [1807] ;

Barberton, 22.8.12, V. d. Byl [5132].

Stromata epiphyllous, scattered, small, irregularly circular, 1-2 mm. diam., shiny

black, on pale leaf spots, slightly convex, with somewhat undulating surface. Clypeus

epidermal, opaque; loculi with their bases on the palisade tissue, 1-6 in each stroma,

flattened-spherical, closely appressed to the leaf tissue at the base, with thin brown walls,

350-450 vu. diam., 240-300 » high. ‘The upper parts of the loculi are connected by thick

stromatic tissue. Asci paraphysate, clavate-cylindrical, 60-80u x 16-24». Spores

monostichous or distichous, hyaline, one-celled, elliptic, rounded at both ends, 14-18 uw x

8-9 u.

The spores of both specimens appear to be somewhat immature. Theissen and Sydow

(loc. cit.) state that it is doubtful whether there is a working difference between this fungus

and Phaeostroma plerocarpt Syd. with two-celled spores.

33. Catacauma Peglerae n. sp.

On leaves of Eugenia capensis, Kentani, 6.7.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 2340) [9099] ;

Umbogintwini, Natal, 9.5.13, Doidge [6636]; Scottsburgh, Natal, 5.7.13, Pole Evans

[6841]; Warner Beach, Natal, 1.4.18, Bottomley [11667].

Stromata epiphyllous, 1-2 mm. diam., circular, often forming larger, irregular

stromata by confluence. Central stroma often surrounded by a ring of secondary stromata

at a distance of 2-5 mm. (radius), which may be small and discrete, or fuse to form a con-

tinuous ring. Stromata black, shining, somewhat conical or mammillate in section.

Epidermal clypeus about 40 u thick, black, opaque, the stroma lying in the cavity between

the arched epidermal clypeus and the depressed and hollowed palisade tissue. Locular

wall thin and very closely appressed to the palisade cells. Loculi flattened-hemispherical

or pear-shaped, 400-600 » diam. and 350-500 u high. The loculi are often connected by

opaque black stromatic tissue about 150 » thick. Asci paraphysate, eight-spored, clavate-

cylindrical, 120-140 u x 17-20 u, with a short foot, 10-13 u long. Spores mono-distichous,

one-celled, hyaline, oval to ellipsoid, 20-23» x 12-13 u. : j

Catacauma peglerae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, 1-2 mm. diam. v. confluendo majores, nonnunquam concentrice

disposita, atra, nitidula, subconica, subepidermales. Loculi 400-600 u diam., 350-500 u

alti, clypeo opaco, aterrimo, 40 u crasso, parietibus tenuibus. Asci paraphysati, octospori,

cylindraceo-clavati, 120-140 u x 17-20 u, breviter pedicellati. Sporae monostichae v.

distichae, continuae, hyaline, ovatae v. ellipticae, 20-23» x 12-13 u.

Hab. in foliis Eugenie capensis, Kentani, 6.7.15, leg. Pegler [9099].

34. Catacauma grammicum (P. Henn.), Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 382.

Syn. Phyllachora grammica P. Henn., in Flore du Bas et Moyen Congo in Ann.

Mus. du Congo, Vol. IT, fase. II, 1907, p. 98.

On leaves of Ficus capensis, Lemana, Zoutpansberg Dist., 14.8.11, Doidge [1829];

Kentani, C.P., 1.3.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 1993) [8884].

Stromata scattered, amphigenous, usually only on one side of the leaf, but occasionally

an epiphyllous is found opposite to a hypophyllous stroma, following the nerves, forming

dull black, linear streaks up to 7 mm. long and 0-8 mm. broad on a yellow brown leaf spot ;

from these short lateral streaks radiate or form thin connecting branches with neighbouring

stromata. Stroma sub-epidermal, the base being sharply de fined against the sub-epidermal

cell-layer ; the sub-epidermal layer and the rest of the mesophyll remaining unchanged

even when two stromata are formed opposite to each other, on each of the leaf surfaces ;

only the region adjoining the base of the stroma is coloured red. The stroma consists of

vertical, parallel prosenchyma, in the epidermal clypeus the cells are short and opaque

black. Loculi broadly ellipsoid, raising the epidermis in which the clypeus has developed;

at the base only resting on a thin line of stroma which is against the sub-epidermal cells,

300-350 u. diam., 140-170 » high. Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, eight-spored, 45-58 u x

7-10 u. Spores monostichous, one-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends,

8-10 un x 45h

35. Phaeochorella parinarii (P. Henn.) Th. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 405.

Syn. Cocconia parimarii P. Henn., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXX, 1901, p. 257; Syl.

Fung. XVIII, p. 159.

On leaves of Parinarium capense, Pretoria Dist., October, 1908, Doidge [613]; 10.4.11,

Erasmus [1272]; 29.4.11, Doidge [1507]; 8.4.12, Doidge [2203]; Seven Oaks, Natal

[10981].

On Parinarium mobola, Rhodesia, Howard [730]; Zoutpansberg Dist., 6.8.11, Doidge

[1809]; Barberton, 16.8.1], V. d. Bijl [1922]; Zoutpansberg Dist., 19.10.14 [9173].

Stromata epipbyllous, more or less covering the leaf surface, round to irregular, 14 to

4 mm. in diam., convex, somewhat shiny, black, with a rough surface, 400-450 » high,

with a flat base resting on the sub-epidermal layer of cells, which is not stromatized, covered *

with an epidermal clypeus, light brown, vertically prosenchymatous in structure. Loculi

numerous, pear-shaped, 300-400 u diam., with an indistinctly periphysate neck. Asci

cylindrical, 85-100 u x 11-15, with delicate, filiform, hyaline paraphyses. Spores up

to eight in an ascus, mostly monostichous, elliptic to oblong, rounded at both ends, red-

brown, one-celled, with a slender medial hyaline band, 12-17 yu x 8-9 u.

36. Phragmocauma viventis (Cke.) Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Mye. KLEE (1916), p. 41.

Syn. Dothidea vwentis Cke., Grevillea V, p. 16.

Phyllachora viventis (Cke.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. I, p. 601.

Dothidea viventis var. albizziae Cke., bad.

Phyllachora albizavae Cke., Grevillea XIII, p. 65.

Homostegia albizziae (Cke.) Berl et Vogl., Syll. Fung. IX, p. 1049.

On leaves of Albizzia fastigiata, Inanda, Natal, May, 1881, Medley Wood (Wood

No. 583) [9492] and [16445]; Winklespruit, Natal, 13.4.11 and 2.7.11, Pole Evans

[1401] and [1583]; Stella Bush, Durban, 11.7.11, Doigde [1615]; Verulam, Natal,

3.7.13, Pole Evans [6829].

Stromata usually hypophyllous, small, irregular elliptic or oval in outline, somewhat

raised, dull black, 0-5 to 0-7 mm. in length, the long axis often lying along a vein or in

small groups of 2-4. Stroma arising between the peridermal and the sub-epidermal cells,

with its base at the level of the epidermis. Loculi, several, under a common, arched,

epidermal clypeus, spherical to lenticular, 190-200 » diam. at maturity. Asci paraphysate,

cylindrical, 80 u x 10-12 u, with a foot 15-18 u long. Spores distichous, colourless, four-

celled, constricted at the middle, 20-244 x B-6 u. The asci do not stain blue with

lodine.

37. Scolecodothis capensis n. sp.

On leaves of Olea (?) foveolata, Howiesons Poort, Grahamstown, 17.1.17, Doidge

[10963]; 12.7.19, Doigde [12379]; Van Stadens Pass, 13.11.17, Doidge [10869].

Stromata amphigenous; the epiphyllous stromata develop first, they are scattered,

round to irregular, 1-14 mm. diam., raised and convex above leaf surface, occasionally

larger and irregular in shape by confluence, black and shining. Hypophyllous stromata

smaller and flatter, and usually more or less undeveloped and sterile. The leaf tissue is

not discoloured. Stroma between the epidermis and the palisade tissue. Clypeus epidermal,

thick, opaque, 90-100 u thick. The inner part of the stroma consisting of lighter brown,

prosenchymatous plectenchyma. Loculi 4-5 in each stroma, immersed, lenticular or

somewhat irregular by compression, 550-650 uw diam., 200-250 » high. Asci paraphysate,

eight-spored, narrow, ellipsoid, tapering to both ends, pedicellate, 100-120 u x 13-14 u.

Spores parallel, hyaline, one-celled, narrow, fusiform, pointed at both ends, 60-70 u x

5-6 u. in centre.

Scolecodothis capensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena, sparsa, rotundata v. irregulares, 1-1} mm. diam., convexa,

atra, nitidula. Loculi 4-5 in quoque stromate, 550-560 u diam., 200-250 vu. alti; clypeo

opaco, aterrimo, 90-1004 crasso. Asci paraphysati, octosporo, anguste ellipsoidei,

utrinque attenuati, pedicellati, 100-120 u x 18-14 u. Sporae parallelae, hyalinae, con-

tinuae, fusoideae, 60-70 u x 5-6 u.

Hab. in foliis Oleae (?) foveolatae, Grahamstown, 17.1.17, leg. Doidge [10963].

38. Phyllachora caffra Syd.

Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 548.

Syn. Physalospora caffra Syd., Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 39.

On leaves of Cordia caffra, Amanzimtoti, Natal, 10.7.11, Doidge [1631].

Stromata epiphyllous, minute, gregarious on irregular rusty-brown spots, 250-300 u

in diam., unilocular; on the upper leaf surface round, punctiform, convex, shining; on

the lower surface the epidermis becomes somewhat convex, and later the stroma becomes

visible as a minute, dull-black point. Loculi occupying the whole thickness of the leaf,

spherical, 250-300 vu. diam., with a short epidermal clypeus at the apex, the lateral and

basal wall consisting of a weft of hyaline or yellowish threads; where the basal wall is

near the lower epidermis, a short clypeus is formed. The leaf, which is normally 200-220 u

thick, becomes arched over the loculus to a thickness of 360 u. Asci cylindrical, para-

physate, 75-90. « 9-12 u. Spores monostichous, ellipsoid, hyaline, broadly rounded,

one-celled, 11-13 u. x 6-8 u.

39. Phyllachora dombeyae Syd.

Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 532.

Syn. Physalospora dembeyae Syd., Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 441.

On Dombeya rotundifolia, Equeefa, Natal, 24.4.11, Fuller [1539].

On Dombeya schimperiana, Woodbush, Zoutpansberg Dist., 4.8.11, Doidge [1762].

Stromata epiphyllous, gregarious on yellow leaf spots, }-+ mm. diam., convex, some-

what shiny, not visible on the lower leaf surface, or only visible as minute dull black spots ;

with one or few loculi. Loculi spherical, 160-190 u. diam., covered at the apex with a dark

epidermal clypeus, almost without lateral walls, not touching the lower epidermis, or

forming a very short clypeus in the lower epidermal cells. Asci clavate, paraphysate

60-75 p 15-20 vu. Spores distichous or tristichous, one-celled, hyaline, rounded at both

ends, asymmetrical, straight or slightly curved, 25-35% x 3-444. Conidia filiform,

curved 18-26 u x 1—1% u.

40. Phyllachora melianthi (Thuem.) Sacc.

Syll. Fung. IX, p. 1013; Ann. Myc. XIIT (1915), p. 528.

Syn. Rhytisma melianthi Thuem., Flora, 1876, p. 569.

Cryplomyces melianthi (Thuem.), Sace., Syll. Fung. VIII, p. 707.

On Melianthus major, near Capetown, January, 1884, MacOwan (Rabh. Wint. Fung.

Eur. 3557) [3897].

On Bersama lucens, Kentani, 3.7.15, Pegler [9017].

Stromata on both sides of the leaves, numerous, scattered, small, unilocular, hemi-

spherically or conically convex, flat at the periphery, } mm. diam., black ; on the opposite

side of the leaf the grey epidermis bulges out, and later becomes filled with stroma and

becomes black. Between the two leaf surfaces lies a single large stroma (1-14 mm. diam.),

which either remains unilocular, surrounded only by a broad, flat, stromatic border, or

contains several loculi, and is then not surrounded by sterile stroma. Clypeus epidermal

opaque, 15-25» thick, inner part of stroma and locular wall consisting of light brown

prosenchyma. Locular wall thin, delicate. Loculi flattened spherical, 240-280» diam.

(in stromata on Bersama, 320-450 u. diam.), 240-300 u high, occupy from three-quarters to

the whole of the thickness of the leaf; occasionally irregular in shape where a vascular

bundle impinges on locular wall, dehiscing towards the upper leaf surface by an apical

pore. Asci paraphysate, cylindrical to clavate, 60-70% x 15-18. Spores mono- or

distichous, ellipsoid, hyaline, one-celled, rounded at both ends, 13-14 u x 7-8 u.

41. Phyllachora hieronymi P. Henn.

Pilze Ostafr. apud. A. Engler, Die Pflanzenwelt-Ostafrikas, p. 34; Syll. Fung.

XIV, p. 673.

On Cyathea dregei, Winters Kloof, Natal, 27.6.11, Doidge [1666].

Stromata epiphyllous, shiny black, often on the veins, slightly convex, 0-4-0-5 mm.

diam., usually unilocular, penetrating right through the leaf. Clypeus epidermal, well ee

developed, opaque, 30-33 u thick. Locular wall brown, thin, 12-14 u thick, often thinner n

at the sides. Loculus flat ellipsoid, 300-320 diam., 170 u high. Asci paraphysate, di

clavate-cylindrical, briefly pedicellate, 65-70 u x 16-20 u. Spores distichous, hyaline,

oblong, 20-24 x 7-8 u.

42. Phyllachora aberiae P. Henn.

Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XLI (1908), p. 272; Syll. Fung. XXII, p. 411.

On Doryalis caffra, Driefontein, Zoutpansberg Dist., 12.8.11, Doidge [1813]; Uiten-

hage, O.P., 31.5.12, Pienaar [2420]; 17.10.06 [224].

Stromata epiphyllous, cellular, 3-1 mm. broad, shiny, black, subrotund to irregular,

slightly raised, showing on the under side of the leaf as minute raised points on the dis-

coloured leaf tissue. Leaf normally 280 u thick, hypertrophied in the region of the

stroma, 400-500 u thick. Clypeus epidermal epiphyllous, continuous, 25-34 y thick.

Loculi under the clypeus in the mesophyll, flask-shaped, or spherical with a wide neck,

the base of the loculi being one-half or two-thirds of the distance through the thickness

of the leaf; surrounded by a brown, thick wall, which is 25-38 » thick and formed

of loosely interwoven hyphae; usually opening towards upper leaf surface, occa-

sionally towards the lower, when it is covered by a short hypophyllous epidermal clypeus:

occasionally two loculi on opposite sides of the leaf come into contact at their bases and

are consequently flattened. Loculi 240-270 u diam., or 250-280 u high with a breadth

of 200-220 u. Between the necks of neighbouring loculi a loose hyphal stroma spreads

inwards from the clypeus.

Asci ellipsoid, with monostichous, transverse, or partly distichous spores ; seldom

cylindrical with distichous or imbricate monostichous spores, shortly pedicellate, foot

usually 8-10 u long, rarely 22-30 » long; asci 80-90 u long and 12-20 u broad, according

to the arrangement of the spores, eight-spored, paraphysate. Paraphyses numerous.

Spores cylindrical, rounded at both ends, 26-34 u x 41-5 u, hyaline, one-celled.

43. Phyllachora amaniensis P. Henn.

Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVIITI, 1905, p. 113; Syll. Fung. XXII, p. 420; Ann.

Myc. XIII (1915), p. 473.

On leaves of Ficus capensis, Amanzimtoti, Natal, 19.3.14, Franks [7812]; Barberton

Dist., 16.10.13, V. d. Byl [7378]; Wyebank, Natal, 29.8.15, Doidge [9537].

This fungus was originally described on leaves of Ficus sp. collected at Amani,

Usambara; the South African specimens agree with the description in all important

particulars, but the spores are slightly narrower, the spores of the type being 7-8 p wide.

Stromata epiphyllous, scattered or loosely arranged in groups 4—2 cm. diam., round

or irregular, slightly raised, 1-1-5 mm. diam., dull black, not visible on upper surface, or

showing as minute black pin-spots. Stroma originating in the lower part of the mesophyll,

dividing the leaf into two very unequal portions, the lower narrower portion being pushed

up by the developing stroma and forming an arch over it. Clypeus epidermal opaque, *

25-35 ». thick. Loculi sub-spherical, less frequently flask-shaped, the narrowing in the

latter case being due to crowding, deeply sunken in the leaf tissue, and occupying three-

quarters or even more of the mesophyll. The base of the loculi usually rests on the

palisade cells and the latter become filled with black, opaque stromatic tissue, which may

or may not involve the upper epidermis. Loculi 240-400 u diam., lateral walls delicate,

10-15 u thick, consisting of light brown, rather thin-walled prosenchyma. Asci cylindrical

with numerous paraphyses, 90-130» = 9-11 u, straight or curved, eight-spored. Spores

monostichous, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, hyaline, continuous, 14—I7 u x 6-7 u.

44. Phyllachora Peltophori Syd.

Aan. Mye X (1912), p. 40; XIE (1915), p. 507.

On Peltophorum africanum, Ledzee, Zoutpansberg, 7.8.11, Doidge [1810].

Stromata on both surfaces of the pinnules, scattered or in groups, minute, about

4 mm. diam., slightly convex, unilocular, smooth, shining. Loculi flattened, spherical,

200-250 u diam., 160-180 u high, covered above and below by the epidermal clypeus,

which only extends a short distance beyond the loculi. Lateral locular wall weak or

wanting. Asci clavate, paraphysate, 65-80. x 14-I8u. Spores distichous, ellipsoid,

hyaline” rounded, 13-17 ux 6-8 pu.

45. Phyllachora Lessertiae n. sp.

On leaves of Lessertia tenuifolia, Smits Kraal, Boshof Dist., June, 1911, Burtt-Davy

[1568].

Stromata amphigenous and petiolar, but mostly epiphyllous, scattered or crowded,

minute, up to 0-5 mm. diam., somewhat raised, dull black, mostly unilocular. Stroma

reduced to a clypeus above each loculus, 100-120 u broad, and certain hyphal strands

and knots under the clypeus and extending beyond it in the sub-epidermal cells. Loculi

sub-spherical to pyriform, 169-190 u diam., 200-240 u high, occupying about one-third

of thickness of leaf. Locular wall about 15 u thick, consisting of delicate, compressed,

colourless hyphae, broader near apex and darker coloured, fusing above with clypeus.

Asci eight-spored, paraphysate, cylindrical or narrow-ellipsoid, with a very short foot,

80-90 vu. x 12-16 -5 u. Periphyses present. Spores one-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, rather

thick-walled, obliquely monostichous or sub-distichous, 15-17 u x 8-5-10 u.

Phyllachora Lessertiae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata plerumque epiphylla, sparsa, minuta, usque -5 mm. diam., vix vel leniter

convexa, atra, clypeo epidermale, 100-120 vu lato, unilocularia. Loculi subglobosi v. pyri-

formi, 160-190 vy. diam., 200-240 u. alti, parietibus circ. 15 py crassis. Asci octospori, para-

physati, cylindracei, v. ellipsoidei, brevissime pedicellati, 80-90 u x 12-16-5y. Sporae

continuae, hyalinae, ellipsoideae, utrinque rotundatae, 15-17 u x 8-5-10 u.

46. Phyllachorella rikatliensis n. sp.

On leaves of Andradia arborea, Rikath, P.E.A., September, 1918, Junod [11736].

Stromata minute, punctiform, about 0-3-0-5mm. diam., amphigenous, penetrating

right through the leaf, scattered over greater part of leaf surface or in round irregular

patches about 5 mm. diam., black shining, slightly convex. Epidermal clypeus on both

sides of leaf, black, opaque, about 20 u thick, only extending a small distance on each

side of the loculi. Inner part of stroma of usual prosenchymatous structure; in this the

loculi are embedded. Stroma may contain a single flattened spherical loculus, 240-250 u

diam., 140-150 » high, or a single pyenidium of similar dimensions. Very frequently the

flattened spherical loculus is about 300 1 diam. and has a small lenticular pycnidium cut

off from one surface; exceptionally, there are two smaller loculi and a pyenidium, the shape

of each being an irregular cone on a curved base. Locular wall about 10 vu thick.

Asci aparaphysate, clavate, eight-spored, 50-60%. ™* 13-15 u. Spores usually

distichous, crowded in ueper half of ascus, hyaline, one-celled, oblong, rounded at both

"ends, 10-13-5u x 3:5-5u.

Conidia brown, oblong, continuous, 13 -5-15 u * 6-7 p.

Phyllachorella rikatliensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena, minuta, circ. 0:3-0) -5 mm. diam., atra, nitidula. leniter convexa.

Loculi 1-3 in quoque stromate, sub-globosi v. compressi, 240-300 vu. diam., 140-150 u alti,

clypeo atro, opaco, 20 u crasso, parietibus 10 y crassis. Asci aparaphysati, clavati, octo-

spori, 50-60 2 x 13-15 u. Sporae plerumque distichae, hyalinae, continuae, oblongae,

utringue rotundatae, 10-13-54. « 3-5-5 yu. Pycnidia loculis ascogenis similes, conidiis

brunneis, oblongis, continuis 13-5-15 4 x 6-7 u.

Hab. in foliis Andradiae arboreae, Rikatli, P.E.A., 1918, leg. Junod [11726].

47. Endodothella natalensis n. sp.

On leaves of Dalbergia armata, Winklespruit, Natal, 6.7.12, Doidge [2513]; Verulam,

Natal, 3.7.13, Pole Evans [6809].

Stromata epiphyllous, minute, punctiform about 0-3 mm. diam. or becoming larger

by confluence, somewhat convex, black shiny, showing on the under-surface only as minute,

brown blisters, uni- or bilocular. Clypeus epidermal, dark brown, sub-opague, ca. 15 u

thick, spreading to a diameter of about 500 u. Loculi sub-spherical to lenticular, 240-320 u

diam. and 190-240 u high, the base of the loculi being 30-45 u from the lower surface of

a leaf which is normally about 130 yp thick. lLocular wall opaque, black, 13-16 » thick,

or somewhat lighter in colour and evidently prosenchymatous in structure. Loculi

dehiscing by a apical pore opening towards upper side of leaf. In the bilocular stromata

the space between the apices of the loculi is entirely filled with opaque, black, stromata]

tissue. Asci paraphysate, eight-spored, ellipsoid or narrow cylindrical, straight or curved,

80-87 » X 15-17 u, with a short foot 6-7» long. Spores distichous or obliquely mono-

stichous, hyaline, two-celled, not constricted, fusiform, 20-23-54 x 8:5-10 u, wall about

1 -5-2 u thick, cells sub-equal, or upper cell 10 u long, lower cell 13-5 u long.

Endodothella natalensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, minuta, rotundata, cir. 3 mm. diam. v. eantidendi majores, leniter

convexa, atra, nitidula. Loculi 1-2 in quoque stromati, sub-globosi v. globosi-depressi,

240-320 u diam., 190-240 u alti, totam fere foli crassitudinem occupantes, clypea, atro-

brunneo, subopaco, ca. 15 u crasso, 500» lato, parietibus opacis, atris, 13-16 crassis.

Asci paraphysati, octospori, ellipsoidei v. cylindracei, recti v. curvati, 80-87 u x 15-17 u,

pede breve 6-7 u long. Sporae distichae v. oblique monostichae, hyaline, 1-septatae,

haud constrictae, fusiformae, 20-23-54 x 8-5-10 u, cellulis subaequalibus, v. supero 10 vu

longo, infero 13-5 u longo.

Hab. in folus Dalbergiae armatae, Winklespruit, Natal, 6.7.12, leg. Doidge [2513].

48. Endodothella strelitziae (Cke.) Theiss. et Syd.

one yes ME (1915), p. 587.

Syn. Dothidea strelitziae Cke., Grevillea X., p. 120.

Phyllachora strelitzvae Sacc., Syll. Fung. II., p. 606.

On leaves of Strelitzia augusta, Inanda, Natal, May, 1881, Medley Wood (Wood

No. 580) [9468] and [10442]; Isipingo, Natal, 13.5:13, Doidge [6639]; Scottsburgh,

Natal, 5.7.13, Pole Evans [6831]; Inanda, Natal, 13.9.13, V. d. Byl [6958]; Kentani,

8.1.16, Pegler (Pegler No. 2384) [9422].

Stromata round, conical to hemispherical, 0 -7—-0 -85 mm. diam., in groups of two to three,

dull black, epiphyllous, unilocular, surrounded by a red brown zone in the leaf tissue ;

on the under side of the leaf only a wine-red discoloration is visible. The stroma fills

the epidermis and the two sub-epidermal layers of elongated, flat cells, and raises these

up to form an opaque clypeus, tearing them away from the adjacent layers of parenchyma.

In the cavity thus formed the loculi are produced ; they are covered by a clypeus formed

from three layers of cells and about 100 u thick; they are 650 u diam. and 180 u high;

being separated at the base from the leaf parenchyma by a thin brown stromatic layer,

the hyphae penetrating with the parenchyma in a more or less compact mass. Asci

clavate, briefly pedicellate, paraphysate, 55-754 x 18-16 u, eight-spored. Spores

distichous, oblong or clavate, hyaline, septate somewhat above the middle, not or slightly

constricted, 14-17 u x 3-4, upper cell shorter but broader, rounded, lower cell tapering

somewhat.

49. Oligostroma maculiformis (Wint.) Doidge.

Syn. Didymella maculiformis Wint., Rab. Wint. Fung. Eur. 3056 (1884).

Oligostroma proteae Syd., Ann. Myc. XII (1914), p. 265; XIII (1915), p. 592.

On Protea grandiflora, near apie, June, 1884, MacOwan (Rab. Wint. Fung.

Kur. 3056) [3396].

On Protea flanagani, Kentani, 17.7.12, EL 5163. (This is the type collection of

Oligostroma proteae Syd.)

On Protea nerufolia, Bains Kloof, near Wellington, 19.11.10, Doidge [1026]; 5.4.12,

Stoneman [2231].

On Protea spp., Wellington, 10.6.11, Mally [1589]; without locality [943].

(2) Stroma not fully developed on Protea sp., Kentani, 19.10.12, Ê [5618],

and on Protea abyssinica, Diepkloof, near Dullstroom, 19.9.10, Doidge [931].

This fungus is very variable in its external appearance, but after careful comparison

I think there can be no doubt that Oligostroma protea Syd. on Protea flanagam [5163]

is identical with Winter’s Didymella maculiformus. The variations mentioned in macro-

scopic characters are due to variations in the thickness of the cuticle of the host, rather

than to any variations in the structure of the fungus.

Stromata amphigenous, forming discoloured, roughened areas on both sides of the

leaf ; these are usually irregular in outline and up to 10 mm. in diam. or larger by con-

fluence ; less frequently they are more or less circular and develop centrifugally. The

stroma is reduced to an epidermal clypeus, 150-250 u diam. over each loculus and the

short scattered hyphal strands or knots under it. Sometimes the loculi are closely crowded

and the clypeus over adjoining loculi becomes confluent, forming a more or less continuous

stromal plate, or the loculi may be more scattered, solitary, or in twos and threes.

Loculi immersed, globose or ovate globose, 100-150 u diam., locular wall consisting

of small brown cells and fused at the apex with the epidermal clypeus. Asci sessile,

cylindrical-clavate or clavate, 75-1004. * 16-20 u, rounded at the apex, aparaphysate,

eight-spored. Spores distichous, oblong-cuneate, unequally uniseptate, not constricted,

24-28 » long; upper loculus shorter, but more broadly rounded or ovate 8-10 u long,

7-9 ». broad, lower loculus longer and narrower, 15-19 u x 6-8 u, hyaline or sub-hyaline.

50. Ophiodothella edax (B. and Br.) V. Hohn.

Fragm. XII No. 630 (1910).

Syn. Dothidea edax B. et Br., Journ. Linn. Soc., 1873, p. 135.

Ophiodothis edax Sacc., Syll. Fung. II, p. 653.

On leaves of Tephrosia elongata, Olifantsfontein, Pretoria Dist., 21.2.20, Pienaar

[12822].

This fungus was originally described on leaves of Tephrosia suberosa from Ceyion.

The South African specimen agrees with the description of the original, except in the size

of spores. These are said to average 33-35 u x 2-8-3-2 u, but it is also stated that the

asci are not quite ripe. It is probable, therefore, that the difference in the measurements

of the spores is due to the fact that the present specimen is in a more mature condition.

Stromata minute, black, punctiform, formed in groups on large yellow leaf ‘spots.

There is an epidermal clypeus on both upper and under surfaces of the leaf, which is black,

opaque, about 20 u thick in the lower epidermis, 25-30 u in the upper. There are 1-8:

loculi in each stroma; these are flattened-spherical, 200-250 » diam., 150-200 vu. high, at

base and apex united with the clypeus. The locular wall is 8-10 u thick and consists

of hyaline very much flattened cells. Asci numerous, aparaphysate, eight-spored, thin-

walled, pedicellate, clavate-ellipsoid, 7O-BO u x 10-13 u. Spores parallel, filiform, con-

tinuous, hyaline, straight or curved, thin- walled, cylindrical, somewhat attenuated towards

the blunt ends, 45-60% x 3-3-3 u.

VEE GENIS DERSAMA.

By E. P. PuIuLIps, MA., D.Sc., F.L.S., Botanist in Charge of the

National Herbarium.

TEE genus Bersama was monographed by Mr. HE. G. Baker in 1907 (Journ. Bot., XLV,

p. 12), and two species, viz., B. lucens, Szyszl., and B. tysoniana, Oliv., were described

from South Africa. From information received from the Union Forest Department, it

was suspected that other species occurred in the South African forests, and, at the sug-

gestion of the Chief of the Division of Botany, I undertook the examination of all the

material in the local herbaria. This has led me to separate two plants as distinct species

from specimens hitherto always called B. tysoniana.

The interest in the various species was first aroused by Mr. C. C. Robertson, M F.,

the Senior Research Forest Officer, who sent samples of the bark of B. tysomiana to the

Imperial Institute for examination, as it was reported that the natives used the bark

medicinally. The information supplied by Mr. Robertson to the Imperial Institute

did not tally in some respects with the actual samples forwarded, and he took a good

deal of trouble to clear up the matter. Weare now in a position to state that the

information Mr. Robertson received applied to a distinct species which I have named

B. Swinnyt, while the bark supplied was that of B. tysonzana. Dr. T. R. Sim,* in his

description of B. tysomiama, falls into the same error, as the tree referred to by Mr. Henkel

as having “a very bitter bark, like quinine in taste,” is not this species, but quite a

distinct plant, which [ have named B. Stayner, so his remarks on B. tysoniana do

not refer to this species alone. Sim suspected the Port St. Johns’ plants to be an

allied but distinct species, and I have been able to confirm this. It is the plant now

named B. Swinny.

Mr. J. J. Kotze, B.Sc., of the Forest Department, who has given me every assistance

in this work, allowed me to go through the files relating to the genus, and, having the

actual specimens in the Forestry Herbarium, I was able to clear up some doubtful points.

All the correspondence referred to plants which went under the name of B. tysoniana and

the information was confusing until I was able to definitely recognize that three distinct

species were involved. The information derived from the above source I have tabulated

under the specific names.

B. tysoniana.

The Conservator of Forests, Transkeian Conservancy, states: “ Trees are scattered

singly, fairly plentifully over most of the mountain forests and where accessible. It is

a prolific seeder, and I am of opinion that it could be easily propagated artificially under

mountain forest conditions in its habitat. In collecting the bark, natives do not cut

down the whole tree, but merely take their requirements from time to time from living

trees. I can confirm the statement: it is a well-known fact that local natives use the

bark medicinally.” (Stated that native doctors use the bark asa specific against fevers.—

(E. P. P.)

* Sim, “ Forest Flora, Cape Colony,” p. 175.

A sample of bark was collected by Forester Van de Vijver from the Ngadu Patrol,

and he writes: “‘ This bark is used as medicine by some natives, but not all. In cases

of calves being thin, they dose the animal with it powdered and mixed with other roots,

also lambs.” Forester Dawson submitted a sample of bark from the Amanzamnyama

Patrol, with the note: “ Bark has a slightly bitter taste. JI have only seen one tree in

my patrol and very few natives know it here. They do not seem to use it themselves,

but on their cattle for gall-sickness after boiling bark and dosing from one to two bottles.”

Forester Fegen collected samples of bark from the Notinsela Patrol, and reported : ‘“‘ Bark

has a slightly bitter taste. Natives state that the bark is used as a medicine for hysteria,

which is common amongst the native girls. Other natives state that it is used indis-

criminately for both cattle and human beings. Judging by the number of trees barked,

it must be used more extensively for medicine than natives will admit.”

Forester Kriel, who collected the species in the Wilo Forest, Mqanduli District, reports

it to be a tree about 25 ft. high with a girth of 42 in.

The tree is locally known as “ Bitter Bark ` and “ Bastard Sneezewood ” and by the

natives as “ Endiaza” or “ Andianda.”

B. Swinnyi.

Forester Swinny reports this species to be a tree up to 90 ft. high, with a stem

diameter of 2-3 ft., and not common at Port St. Johns. He further states that there

appears to bet vs forms of the species which the natives distinguish, though they have

only one name, `` Sendiandia.”” The smaller form, when full grown, has a trunk 1-14 ft.

in diameter.

Mr. Robertson first detecte d the difference in the barks of this species and B. tysomana,

and noted that the bark had “a strong bitter taste producing a sort of burning sensation

in the mouth lasting for several hours, during which I could taste nothing else distinctly.”

He forwarded a sample of the bark to the Imperial Institute in March, ‘1915. Mr. Ross,

then Conservator in the Eastern Conservancy, writes :* ‘* I distinctly remember this tree

being pointed out to me many years ago when stationed at Kokstad as being of value

medicinally, an infusion of the bark being extensively used by the natives for certain

ailments. It is found somewhat sparingly throughout the mid-Pondoland forests and

close to the Natal border in the Mount Ayliff District. It is a very conspicuous object

in the forests, of large girth, with deeply furrowed bark, and with foliage not unlike

sneezewood. It is usually unsound near the base and shows signs of much damage by

removal of bark. This tree is by some foresters confused with * Coffee Pear ’ (Pleurostylia

capensis), but a keen observer will easily distinguish a great difference.”

Forester Pretorius collected samples of bark from “the Cwebe Patrol and supplied

the following information :—** Bark has a slightly bitter taste (Mr. Robertson remarks

‘but burning taste’). The bark of this tree in these parts is very thin and can only be

removed in small bits. The natives use it for different medicines, but they refuse to say

what it is really used for.” Specimens of bark from the Port St. Johns Patrol were

received with similar information to the above; in each case Mr. Robertson noted the

burning taste, more so in some specimens than in others.

B. Stayneri.

This species was sent to Mr. Robertson by Forester C. W. Chilvers in June, 1915.

Mr. Robertson noted the differences between these specimens and B. tysoniana as follows :—

1. Bark has not got the “ strong bitter taste ” which I referred to in the case of

one of the specimens from the Transkei (i.e. B. Swynm E.P.P.).

2. Under sides of the leaves and the petioles are very hairy, whereas they are

glabrous on specimens recéived from the Transkei.

3. The specimens were in flower when collected in May. Sim states that this

species ¢ flowers in August to September.

* It is just possible that some of Mr. Ross’s remarks may apply to B. tysoniana.

+ Mr. Robertson, although he noted these differences, still considered the plant B. tysoniana.

Mr. C. F. Stayner, in a minute to the Conservator of Forests, Pietermaritzburg, states :

“ One large tree isolated by heavy fellings was in flower as late as September, and I have

come to the conclusion that this species (but he confused his specimen with B. tysoniana

E.P.P.) is inconsistent in its period of blossoming. I find that Bersama is well known

to native herbalists and is frequently employed, but for what disease it is a specific I

cannot ascertain.” Mr. Stayner submitted his specimen to the Bolus Herbarium, and

these were reported on as follows :—' Very nearly allied to B. tysomana, Oliv., and

probably that species, but the type of B. tysomana has more slender, longer, and less

tomentose petioles.”

Mr. J. 8S. Henkel, who also collected the species at Mkazeni Forest Reserve, Riverside,

Natal, in March, 1917, states “that the tree is about 30 ft. high—a bole about 70 in. in

girth and 12 ft. long, somewhat crooked. Natives use the bark as medicine and the tree

has been injured by the removal of bark. Bark has a bitter quinine-like taste.” Mr. Henkel

also noted that the leaves were hairy, and not glabrous. Forester Honshold informs

Mr. Henkel that in the reserve there are about three to four other trees, all smaller than

the one he saw. In the bush many seedlings were noticed up to about 4 ft. high. The

young shoots are frequently reddish in colour and leaves serrated and mucronulate, but

older leaves have margins entire.

Mr. Robertson took considerable pains to sift all the evidence he had accumulated,

and tabulated his results * as follows :—

Mr. Robertson distinguished the various samples of bark he examined as (1) those

with a bitter taste and (2) those with a bitter and burning taste. This latter property

he referred to as “ X.”

Forest. | Large or

| Small Variety. Sample of Bark. ; Taste. Remarks.

MOUNTAIN

FORESTS.

erm oe. El Presumably the | Sent June, 1914, and | Not X........ B.tysoniana, sent to

large variety February, 1915 “| Imperial Institute.

Digadd.......... aR EC oes tapers Collected March, 1915.. | Not X........ B. tysoniana.+

Amanzamnyama. | Large......... Collected March, 1915.. | Not X........ B. tysoniana.

Coast FORESTS.

Port St. Johns.. | Large......... sent July: Vit. eet. aee Has eX. acs B. Swmnyi.

Bulelo Forest... | Large......... Collected March, 1915.. | Has X, though | B. Swinnyr.

not strongly

Mboleni Forest.. | Large......... Collected March, 1915.. | Not X........ B. tysoniana.

Pub bdrest. .: | Large.......+.. Collected March, 1915.. | Has X, though | B. Swinny.

d not strongly

Cwebe Forest... | Small......... . | Collected March, 1915.. | Has X, though | B. Swinnyi.

not strongly

Port St. Johns.. | Small.......... Sent July, 1914.:...... Hasie EE 2 B. Swinny.

Bulolo Forest... | Small.......... | Collected March 1915... | Has XX... ee ' B. Swinnyt.t

Mr. Robertson came to the following conclusions :—

1. In mountain forests the large variety (i.e. B. tysoniana E.P.P.) has not “ Xe

Yet the natives do use the bark in these forests, so that its medicinal qualities

do not depend on its having “ X.” It appears that only the large variety is

found in the mountain forests.

*In the “Remarks” column I have inserted the name of the species which was given in the

original by a herbarium number only.

{ 1 have not seen specimens of these, but do not doubt the correctness of the names given.—(Z. P. P.)

dir.

extent, but apparently not so strongly as the small variety (B. Swinnyr

E.P.P.). The latter always has it and usually very strong.

The results of my investigation may be summarized as follows :—

1. Foresters had hitherto only recognized two species, viz., B. lucens and B. tysoniana.

2. Under the name of B. tysoniana, three species have been included—

(a) B. tysoniana, found in both the mountain and coast forests.

(b) B. Swinnyi, found only in the coast forests.

3. The bark of B. tysoniana, B. Swinnyi, and B. Stayneri is used medicinally by |

the natives.

4. The bark of B. Swinnyi has a bitter burning taste and differs in this respect

from that of B. tysoniana and B. Stayneri, in which the bark, while bitter, has

not the burning taste.

. There appear to be two forms of B. Swinnyi in the forest of Port St. Johns,

known to the foresters as the large and small varieties. The natives are said

also to distinguish these, but have the same name for both.

I have been unable to furnish any additional information with regard to the other

species recorded.

In conclusion I should like to refer again to Mr. C. C. Robertson’s share of this work.

Since 1914 he has been slowly accumulating evidence from foresters about the species,

and my remarks are only a digest of the information he collected.

With the assistance of the Forest Department, the Division of Botany is undertaking

an examination of the barks of the various species as regards their medicinal value.

KEY TO SPECIES.

Inflorescence quite sessile, ovoid or globose, surrounded at the base by

numerous large ovate acuminate silky bracts.................ceeeeees Swinnyt.

Inflorescence distinctly peduncled, rarely sub-sessile, but then bracts at the

base never densely silky.

Mid-rib on lower surface of leaflets covered with long straight hairs. Staynere.

Mid-rib on lower surface of leaflets glabrous.

Fruits without woody protuberances ; inflorescence silky or

tomentose with fine adpressed hairs.

Leaves usually 2-3-jugate; leaflets obovate, usually

rounded at the apex, obtuse.................05% lucens.

Leaves usually 4-jugate; leaflet oblong-lanceolate,

acuminate, acute. seed sedes an seeks abyssinica.

Fruits with woody protuberances ; inflorescence tomentose with

spreading hairs appearing almost shaggy................. tysoniana.

|. B. Swinnyi, Phillips.

Arbor. Rami glabri vel juniores serici. Folia 10-20 em. longa, pinnata, 5- -Jugata ;

foliola 2-8 em. longa, 0 9-3-5 em. lata, oblongo-lanceolata, ovato-oblonga vel ovata, apice

obtusa, glabra. Racemus sessilis, 2-5-5 cm. longus, circa 3 cm. latus, subglobous vel

ovatus. Bracteae numerosae, 2 cm. longae, ovatae, acuminatae, sericae.

A large or small tree, with rough bark. Branches glabrous or in very young branches

velvety. “Leaves 10-20 em. long, grouped at the ends of the branches, petiolate, pinnately

compound, 5-jugate; petiole 2-5-3-5 cm. long, pubescent in young leaves, glabrous in

older leaves; leaflets petioulate, 2-8 cm. long, 0 “9-38 -5 em. broad, oblong- lanceolate or

ovate-oblong, or ovate, obtuse or slightly retuse at the apex, rounded at the base, with

* Mr. Robertson here confuses B. tysoniana and B. Swinnyi, both of which occur in the coast

forests.—E. P. P.)

Bo, es

2. In the coast forests the large variety * usually has “X” to a sees or less

ase eT Ai id

EE TEN N ' N N N

the mid-rib prominent beneath and the lateral veins distinct, glabrous. Inflorescence

sessile, 2-5-5 cm. long, about 3 cm. in diameter, subglobose or ovoid in shape, surrounded.

at the base with numerous ovate acuminate densely silky bracts about 2 cm. long. Floral-

bract 7 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, very densely silky. Pedicel about 4 cm. long, terete,

silky. Sepals 6 mm. long, ovate, acute, distinctly keeled, silky. Petals 1-3 cm. long,

about 3 mm. broad at the middle, spathulate-linear, tomentose without, sometimes with

two marginal processes at the middle. Stamens monadelphous; filaments terete and

narrowing above, flattened below and hairy on the flattened portion. Ovary 1-5 mm.

jong, sub-globose, villous; style 1-3 cm. long, terete and densely villous in the lower 2

becoming more or less four-angled and glabrous above; stigma globose. Fruit not seen.

Pondoland : In monte propoxe ostium flum St. Johns R., c. 1000 ft., February, Bolus

8724; 20 ft., January, Flanagan 2884; Port St. Johns, Swinny in Herb. Forest Dept.,

1038, 1037; Pongwani Forest, Port St. Johns, January, Coetzee in Herb. Forest Dept.,

1866.

2. B. Stayneri Phillips.

Rami glabri. Folia pinnata, 7-16 cm. longa, 4—5-jugata; petiolus pilosus; folioal

1-7-5 -2 cm. longa, 0-8-1-5 cm. lata, oblongo-lanceolata vel elliptica, apice acuta mucro-

nataque, basi paullo cuneata, subtus pilosa vel pubescentia. Racemus 3 -5-6-5 cm. longus.

Fructus 2-7-3 cm. longus, ligneus.

Bark thick and rough. Branches glabrous, rough with longitudinal furrows. Leaves

pinnate, petioled, 7-16 cm. long, 4-5-jugate ; petiole 1-2 cm. long, very densely pilose ;

rachis densely pilose ; leaflets 1-7-5-2 cm. long, 0-8-1-5 cm. broad, oblong-lanceolate or

elliptic, acute and mucronate at the apex rarely rounded, slightly cuneate at the base,

the mid-rib deeply sunk on the under surface which is frequently s»mewhat rugose,

prominent beneath and with the lateral veins distinct beneath, glabrous above, pilose or

pubescent beneath, especially on the mid-rib. Inflorescence a _ shortly peduncled

many-flowered raceme, 3-5-6-5 cm. long; peduncle 1-1-5 cm. long, very densely pilose.

Bracts 3 mm. long, linear, tomentose, Pedicels 5 mm. long, terete, tomentose. Calyx

6 mm. long, densely tomentose, divided almost to the base. Petals 1-3 cm. long,

3 mm. broad, spathulate-linear, tomentose, reflexed in open flowers. Filaments 5 mm.

long, semiterete, monadelphous and villous at the base. Ovary densely villous; style

3 mm. long, terete; stigma subglobose. Fruit 2-7-3 cm. long dehiscing by four valves ;

valves woody, covered with woody protuberances. Seeds reddish in colour, 1-1 cm. long,

6 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid, with a waxy yellow arillus at the base.

Natal, without locality, Stayner in Herb. Bolus; Stinkwood Forest, Ingeli, May,

Chilvers in Herb. Forest Dept., 1518; Mkanzeni, Riversides, Henkel n Herb. Forest Dept.,

2421.

3. B. lucens Szysz.

A shrub 8-10 ft. high (ex Wood). Branches glabrous, with wrinkled greyish bark.

Leaves petioled, compound, imparipinnate, 2—4-jugate, 10-20 cm. long ; petiole 1 -5-5-5 cm.

long, glabrous, rarely pubescent; leaflets 1-8-9 cm. long, 1 -3-4-6 cm. broad, obovate or

obovate-elliptic, rarely elliptic, very rarely subacute, slightly narrowed at the base,

glabrous, with the mid-rib distinct. above, prominent beneath, and with thickened wavy

margins. Inflorescence a lax axillary or terminal raceme, 6-14 -5 cm. long, many-flowered ;

peduncle pubescent. Pedicels 0-4-1 cm. long, terete, densely tomentose with fine adpressed

hairs ; bracts 0-5 mm. long, ovate, pubescent. Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 3-4 mm. long,

2 mm. broad, ovate or ovate-elliptic, obtuse, finely but densely pubescent without and with

fine adpressed hairs within, ciliated, the two posterior lobes connate and bifid at the apex.

Petals dull yellow, 8-5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad above, oblong, obtuse, narrowed into

an evident claw, pubescent. Disc unilateral. Filaments all connate at the base, 1 mm.

long, terete, glabrous except at the base, the anterior filaments ciliated at the base and

forming a tomentose shield 3 mm. long and 2:5 mm. broad; the posterior filaments

ciliated and pubescent at the base; anthers 2:5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, oblong.

Ovary 1 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, subglobose, densely villous, four-locular with a single

ovule in each loculus; style 7 mm. long, cylindric, pubescent on the lower half; stigma

globose, faintly lobed. Fruit 1-7 cm. long, 1-7 cm. in diameter, finely but densely

pubescent, four-celled, each cell with a single seed, splitting into four valves when ripe.

Seeds bright scarlet, 7 mm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, subglobose, wrinkled, flat on one

side, convex on the other, with a fleshy yellow-green arillus. Wood, Natal Plants, 88 ;

Sim, Forests and Forest Flora, 155; Journ. Bot., XLV, p. 18. Natalia lucens, Hochst.,

Harv. and Sond., Fl. Cap., 1, 369. ;

Komgha Div., Kei Mouth, 200 ft., August, Flanagan, 421; Transkei, Kentani, 20 ft.,

December, Miss Pegler, 726; Pondoland, mouth of St. Johns River, February, Bolus,

8836; Flanagan, 2568; 20 ft., January, Manino Forest, Engcobo Dist., August (leaf

only). Zahn in Herb., Forest Dept., 2046; Natal, near Durban, 200 ft., February, Wood,

7392 ; March, Wood, 7518; Verulam, 10C—200 ft., January, Wood, 10207 ; near Durban,

Wood, 2570; 12666; Port Natal, Gueinzuis; Groenberg, February, Wood, 808; without

precise locality, Saunders ; near, Durban, 200-300 ft. March, Wood, 6307 ; Swaziland,

kloof near Dalriach Mbabane, c. 4800 ft., December, Bolus ; Transvaal, Barberton Dist.,

Unevoti Creek, Barberton, 3000 ft., February, Galpin, 849; Thorncroft m Herb. Trans-

vaal Mus., 18292.

Flanagan, 421, mentioned by Baker as a form with smaller leaflets than the type

is slightly confusing, inasmuch as Flanagan gave the same number to two different

collectings. His No. 421 in the Bolus Herb. was collected at the Kei Mouth at an altitude

of 200 ft. in August, 1894, and is the true B. lucens. His No. 421 in the Cape Government

Herb. was also collected near the Kei Mouth at an altitude of 300 ft., but in January,

1890. The inflorescence in these specimens is compact, oblong in outline, and at the end

of a long naked peduncle 9-12 cm. long. The peduncle is fasciated to a slight extent,

which will account for the compact inflorescence. There is no difference in the floral

structures of these specimens and other specimens of B. lucens which I have examined.

4. B. abyssinica Fresen.

A tree. Leaves petioled, 18-22 cm. long, pinnate; petiole 4-5 cm. long, terete,

glabrous; rachis sometimes winged between the uppermost pair of leaflets; leaflets

usually in four pairs, 2-5-4 cm. apart, 4-9 cm. long, 1-7-3 -5 em. broad, oblong-lanceolate

or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, entire, or the margin sometimes serrated in the

upper half, glabrous. Inflorescence racemose, 10-20 cm. long, on a woody peduncle 5—7 em.

long. Calyx campanulate, silky. Petals five, ligulate-spathulate, twice as long as the

calyx, densely and finely silky, finally reflexed. Stamens five, in the male flower nearly

as long as the petals; filaments monadelphous, silky. Capsule about 1 cm. long, 1 em.

in diameter, subglobose 3-4 valved, densely pubescent, without woody protuberances.

Seeds 6 mm. long, black.

This description was drawn up partly from a fruiting specimen collected by Schimper

in Abyssinia and partly from the description in the ‘ ‘Flora Tropical Africa.”

Baker, in his monograph on the genus (Journ. Bot., XLV, 12), makes no mention of this

species occurring in Natal, though “the record is made in the “ Flora Tropical Africa,”

I, 434.

= B. integrifolia, Richard, Fl. Abyss., I, 107. This is a tropical African species.

5. B. tysoniana Oliv.

A tree 25 ft. high, with a girth of 42 in. (Krid). Branches glabrous. Leaves petioled,

pinnately compound, 4—-5-jugate, rarely 3-jugate, 5-20 cm. long; petiole 2-5 cm. long,

subtomentose, pubescent to almost glabrous, sometimes white silky ; leaflets 1-5-6 cm.

long, 0-7-3 cm. broad, oblanceolate, oblong, oblong-elliptic, rarely obovate, rounded or

shorty apiculate at the apex, cuneate more rarely rounded at the base, entire, rarely ser-

rated in the upper half, with the mid-rib prominent beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence a

dense raceme, distinctly peduncled or subsessile, 6-17 cm. long, cylindric. Peduncle

usually 1-3-5 cm. long, tomentose with spreading hairs. Pedicels 3 mm. long, tomentose

with spreading hairs. Sepals 5-7 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, ovate, concave, acute or obtuse,

tomentose with spreading hairs, two of the sepals united. Petals white 1-1-1 -5 cm. long,

2 mm. broad, oblong, linear-oblong or linear, narrowing sometimes into a linear claw

below, subostuse or acute, villous. Filaments 0 -8-1-2 cm. long, terete and glabrous in

the upper half, expanded villous and monadelphous in the lower half; anthers 1-5 mm.

long, oblong in outline. Ovary densely villous; style 8 mm. long, densely villous below,

glabrous or almost so above; stigma subglobose or globose. Fruit 2:2 cm. long, about

2-2 cm. in diameter, subglobose; the valves covered with woody protuberances. Seed

1-2 em. long, about 6 mm. in diameter, more or less keeled on one face, convex on the other,

reddish with a yellow arillus at the base.

Komgha Div., Komgha, on Alan Page's farm “ Goldust,” May (in leaf only), Galpin,

8470; Prospect, near Komgha, September, Flanagan, 309; Instsubani Forest, February

(fruit), Leigh in Herb. Forest Dept., 1840; Wilo Forest, Mqanduli Dist., Kriel in Herb.

Forest Dept., 1772; Mboleni Forest, Notineela, October, Fegen in Herb. Forest Dejt.,

1771; Manina Forest, Engcobo Dist., August, Zahn wm Herb. Forest Dept., 2047 (leaf);

Cwebe Forest, January (fruit), Pretorvus in Herb. Forest Dept., 1854.

Gerrard 1428 from Natal. Description of branches and leaves by Baker in Journ.

Bot. Jan., 1907; p. 15.

Arbor vel frutex? Ramulis cortice griseo tectis ; foliis saepissime 4-jugis cum impari

petiolulato, foliolis petiolulatis oblongis apice apiculatis lateralibus aliquantulum inaegui-

lateraeibus oppositis vel passim alternis bas! cuneatis vel interdum rotundatis coriaceis

margine integris vel plus minus serratis costa superne impressa subtus subconspicua nerviis

secundariis tenuibus inter se juxta marginem anastomosantibus foliolis terminalibus

oblongo-oblanceolatis `foliolis proximis quam distalibus minoribus ; rachi omnino exalata.

I have seen a specimen in leaf only (Zahn in Herb. Forest Dept., 2037) which agrees

with the above description, except that the leaves are 6-jugate. The leaflets which appear

to be young have a long hairy apiculus, and are either entire or serrated in the upper half.

In Tyson, 6216, in the Bolus Herb. on which Oliver founded his B. tysoniana, I find that

some of the leaflets have this hairy apiculus and some are also toothed, so that it would

appear that Baker is correct in regarding Gerrard, 1428, as near B. tysoniama, and I am

of opinion that it is this species. The distribution of B. tysomama suggests that it will

probably be found in Natal. |

A REVISION OF THE AFRICAN spe

OF SESBANIA.

By E. P. PuiLuips, Division of Botany, Pretoria, and J. Hurcninson (Kew).

THE present paper is an attempt to revise the African species of the genus Sesbania, family

Papilionaceae. Imperfect as it may prove to be, it is long overdue, chiefly because of

the great accumulation of herbarium material since the publication of the second volume

of the “‘ Flora of Tropical Africa `` in 1871, much of this material having remained unnamed

or imperfectly determined. ‘The results of this investigation might. very well have been

more satisfactory to the authors had there been more field notes available regarding the

situation, habit, floral colouring, etc., of the specimens accumulated in the various herbaria

which they have been able to consult.* That this information is vital in the determination

and limitation of the species of Sesbania, at least, has been well demonstrated by Prain f

in his critical elucidation of the Indian species. ;

The genus Sesbania contains about fifty species which occur in the warmer parts of

the EE mainly im or by the sides of streams, lakes, and sw amps. It appears to attain

its greatest development in tropical Africa, a few of the species extending into South

Africa as far as Natal, and into various parts of the Transvaal and Bechuanaland. In

the present revision of the species from this area twenty-three are recognized to be distinct.

They belong to two sections, nineteen to Eusesbania and four to Daubentonia, the latter

characterized by its four- winged fruits. The third and purely American section into

which Sesbania was divided by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. PI., I, 502) is now recognized

by American botanists T as a distinct genus, Glottidivm, and the present authors’ views

coincide in respect to this. They cannot, howev er, go so far as to accept the American

view regarding the generic status of Daubentonia w hich occurs in the three widely separated

areas, namely, the ‘south-eastern United States and Mexico, sub-tropical South America,

and tropical East Africa. This broken distribution seems to point to a separate origin

of the species of Daubentonia from the basal stock, Husesbania, species of which occur

in all these areas. Glottidiwm, on the other hand, a native of Florida, is well separated

from Sesbania by its short fruits with only two seeds and the manner of dehiscence, the

seeds remaining inside the dry bladder-like endocarp which detaches itself as a whole from

the outer shell.

In the case of the African species we have found a most useful and constant character

in the nature of the appendages on the claw of the vexillum. In the first five species

shown in the key these are long and quite free from the vexillum in their upper half. In

* For the privileges of examining the specimens under their charge, the authors tender their thanks

to Sir David Prain, Director, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew; Dr. A. B. Rendle, Natural History

Museum, South Kensington; Dr. 1. B. Pole Evans, Director, Botanical Survey, South Africa ; Mrs. Bolus,

Bolus Herbarium, Capetown; Dr. L. Perinquey, South African Museum; Dr. Schénland, Albany

Museum, Grahamstown; the Director, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria; and Mr. Fred Eyles, Salisbury,

Rhodesia.

+ Prain in Journ. Anat. Soc., Bengal, LX VI, 366-370 (1897).

t¢ Small, Fl. South-Eastern Unit. States, Ed. II, 615 (1913).

all the other species they are sessile and adnate to the claw, whilst they are not perceptible

in one species, S. leptocarpa. These appendages on the claw of the vexiilum in Sesbamia

are probably closely connected with pollination, and no doubt, as in some other Legumi-

nosae, their function *s to clasp and “ft open the free stamen in order to give insects ready

access to the nectaries.

We have considered it sufficient to restrict ourselves in regard to synonymy to those

names to which have been applied to the African species.

KEY TO THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF SESBANIA.

I. Eusesbania.—Fruits not winged on the margins of the valves (in 8. sphaerocarpa fruits

acutely keeled down the middle of the valves).

Appendages of claw of vexillum free in their upper half or third:

Vexillum yellow, plain or finely speckled on the back with

dark spots:

Stems and leaves rather densely villous pubescent :

Flowers solitary or in pairs ; leaflets 5-10 pairs, stipules

deciduous ; appendages to vexillum obtuse........ 1. S. Goetzei.

Flowers several in each inflorescence; leaflets more

then 10 pals; stipules persistent; appendages to

Melk acutely acuMMMatbe.:.//5 00.261. oN. ales ats 2. S. speciosa.

Stems and leaves glabrous or nearly so: ts

Inflorescence branched; peduncles smooth; West

Ere n speeies. mo 5 5 Lee Bue tn Go soe ales GESE 5 3. S. punctata.

Inflorescence not branched :

PeCOMMMe LES SKOOL EE <b He an hs 4. S. aegyptiaca.

eauimelesmaculeater yo he. mw. testes lei EE 5. S. Dummert.

Vexillum and tips of wings suffused throughout with dark

papie chs ghee Sat be EE ER re od EE Ee gie 4. S. aegyptiaca

var. bicolor.

Appendages of vexillum wholly adnate to the claw or absent :

Flowers very large, 5-10 cm. long: fruits about 30 cm. long ;

leaflets 3-3-5 cm. long; cultivated species............... 6. S. grandiflora.

Stipules foliaceous, broad, about 1 cm. long, more or less

persistent :

Peduncles smooth :

Elders pale blue, not speckled..2. 2.0.5.4... 22.2: 7. S. caerulescens.

Flowers yellow, vexillum speckled....:........+.... 8. S. cineresens.

Reouneles: stronoly acwleate: ...... cael. DE EG on we 9. S. macrantha.

Stipules more or less subulate, never foliaceous, and mostly

soon falling off:

Stems and leaves or leaves only rather densely pubescent :

Calyx glabrous outside:

bod OE OSE ON ia. EES Sin Ha Sees 10. S. pubescens.

oe strome le WOIULOSE. se MS RS RE ANNE 11. S. Dalziela.

Oly pubeseent outside. ii ok ols EE oth OER 12. S. Wildemanna.

Stems and leaves glabrous or only slightly pubescent :

Leaflets usually well over 1 cm. long; leaves nearly

always as long or longer than the inflorescence :

Valves of the fruit not keeled down the middle:

Appendages absent from the claw of the vexil-

Jum ; fruits torulose, much constricted between

LLG, EER AM ee Oa Rea RA led SD mea | 13. S. leptocarpa.

Appendages present on the claw of the vexillum :

Margins of the fruits straight :

Fruits about 7 mm. broad ; seeds separated

by partitions of the endocarp ; stems and

leaf-rachis never aculeate...........-.- 14. S. pachycarpa.

Fruits 3 mm. thick, seeds not separated ;

stems and leaf-rachis often aculeate.... 15. S. aculeata.

Margins of fruits much constricted between the

geed. oo oso ie ee ee 16. S. arabica.

Valves of the fruits sharply keeled on the back, |

Angolan, species. EE AR Ad oe ee 17. S. sphaerocarpa. |

Leaflets very small, averaging about 5 mm. long; leaves

much shorter than the inflorescence :

Vexillum mottled with purple spots.............. 18. S. microphylla.

Vexillum striate, not mottled.................... 19. S. mossambicensis.

II. Daubentonia.—Fruits broadly winged on the margins of the

valves ; peduncles aculeate towards the base.

Stems not aculeate ; peduncles aculeate only near the base:

Leaves much shorter than the fruits; inflorescence very

few (1-3) flowers; N.E. Tropical Affica.............. 20. S. tetraptera.

Leaves much longer than the fruits; inflorescence several

flowered.; Zambezi basin.. sis 5-65.50 a bee eee 21. S. Mark.

Stems aculeate :

Leaflets about 18 pairs; inflorescence up to 11 cm. long;

staminal sheath shorter than the free parts of the filaments.. 22. S. hamata.

Leaflets about 10 pairs or less; inflorescence 1-3 flowered,

very short; staminal sheath longer than the free part of

the ilameénts, ... .. aches Sestak co ten ea ee eee Cee 23. S. Rogersi.

EUSESBANIA.

1. Sesbania Goetzei, Harms., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XXX, 327 (1902).

A shrub 2-3 m. high. branchlets rather densely and softly grey-pubescent, the older

ones becoming striate or somewhat angular. Leaves shorter than the inflorescence, 3-5 cm.

long; rachis and leaflets densely and softly grey-pubescent ; leaflets about 6-10 pairs,

shortly stalked, oblong, rounded and unequal-sided at the base, rounded and very minutely

mucronate at the apex, 1-1-5 em. long, 3-6 mm. broad ; stipules soon falling off, triangular-

lanceolate, acute, 3-4 mm. long, pubescent ; stipules minute. Inflorescence mostly two-

flowered, axillary ; peduncle softly pubescent; pedicels about 5 mm. long, with two

linear-lanceolate fugacious bracteoles towards the apex. Flower buds ellipsoid, turbinate

at the base, subacute at the apex. Calyx widely campanulate, abruptly contracted into

a solid turbinate base, about 5 mm. long, with five acute subulate-triangular lobes scarcely

1-5 mm. long, sparsely pubescent outside. Vezillwm large, orbicular, about 3 cm. long

and broad, strongly and closely mottled with purple, with two free linear curved obtuse

appendages towards the base about 7 mm. long. Alae about 2-5 cm. long and 8 mm.

broad. Carina 3 mm. long, the claw slightly longer than the broadly boat-shaped limb.

Staminal-sheath 2 cm. long, free parts of filaments curved upwards and about 8 mm. long.

Ovary with a very thin line of hairs along the top; style glabrous. Fruits not known.

TROPICAL Arrica : Tanganyika Territory, Ubungu, Rukwa Lake, moist banks, 800 m., '

July, W. Goetze, 1115 (type). British East Africa, between Kikuyu and Eldama Ravine, <4

1898, A. Whyte ; Eldama Ravine, A. Whyte. tied

A very beautiful species with short leaves, few hairy leaflets, large handsome flowers,

the standard petals densely mottled with purple.

2. Sesbania speciosa, Taub., ex Engl. in Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1894, 21, 42, et in

Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 213 (1895); S. Hildebrantii Taub., Lc.

Branchlets fiexuose, obtusely angular, shortly pubescent. Leaves about as long as

the inflorescence up to 15 cm. long; rachis and leaflets on both sides fairly densely

pubescent ; leaflets about 15 pairs, stalked, narrowly oblong, slightly narrowed and almost

equal-sided at the base, acutely mucronate at the apex, 2-2-5 cm. long, 6-8 mm. broad;

stipules persistent, obliquely lanceolate, very acutely acuminate, 1-1-3 cm. long, about

4 mm. broad at the base, adpressed-pubescent on both sides; stipels minute. Inflorescence

6-10 flowered, axillary; peduncle stout towards the base, pubescent; pedicels about

1-5 cm. long, nearly glabrous; bracts persistent, linear, about 6 mm. long, pubescent,

margins membranous towards the base; bracteoles deciduous. Flower buds not seen.

Calyx widely campanulate from an acute turbinate base, about 8 mm. long, with five

subulate acute teeth about 1-5 mm. long, glabrous outside. Vezsllum (probably yellow)

finely mottled with purple, rather broadly elliptic, shortly clawed, 3 cm. long, 2 cm. broad,

with two linear free appendages at the base. Alae 3-5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad. Carina

3 cm. long, the boat-shaped limb a little longer than the claw. Staminal-sheath 2-5 cm.

long. Ovary slightly hairy. Fruit up to nearly 33 cm. long, about 8 mm. broad, rather

thick, with undulate edges, nearly glabrous. Seeds somewhat kidney-shaped, dark brown.

TROPTOAL AFRICA: East African Protectorate, Usambara; Maschena, in meadows,

July, 1893, C. Holst, 3508 ; banks of the Kingani, 6 ft. high, fl. and fr., Hildebrandt, 960

(Herb. Mus. Brit.).

3. Sesbania punctata D.C. Prodr., ii, 265 (1825); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii, 188

(1871), partly.

A shrub or slender tree, growing on banks of streams; branches pale straw-coloured

when dry, slightly flexuous, sometimes slightly muricate below the leaves, otherwise

glabrous. Leaves shorter than the inflorescence, 7-10 cm. long; rachis pubescent on

the upper side, soon becoming neaily glabious, not prickly; leaflets 12-22

pairs, shortly stalked, oblong-linear, a little narrowed and sub-equal-sided at

the base, shortly and acutely mucronate at the apex, 1-2-2 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad,

glabrous or sbghtly pubescent on the thickened mid-rib and margins, stipules deciduous,

recurved, about 3 mm. long, slightly pubescent ; stipels very minute. Inflorescence mostly

branched, longer than the leaves, up to 20-flowered, often about 12-flowered ; peduncle

glabrous or very slightly pubescent, especially at the base, not prickly ; pedicels slender,

up to 2 cm. long, glabrous, with two small caducous bracteoles towards the apex ; bracts

small and early caducous. Flower buds broadly ellipsoid, obtuse, glabrous. Calyx

broadly campanulate from a turbinate base, about 6 mm. long, with five rather short

broadly triangular lobes slightly puberulous on the margins. Vezallum finely mottled

with purple, about 2-5 cm. long, rather shortly clawed, with two large free acuminate

appendages about 5 mm. long at the base. Alae 2-3 cm. long, about 6 mm. broad. Carina

more or less broadly spoon-shaped, 2-5 cm. long, the claw slightly longer than the limb.

Staminal sheath 2 cm. long, free part of the filaments about 5 mm. long. Ovary and style

glabrous. Fruits up to 24 cm. long, slender, at first torulose, but sometimes becoming

nearly straight when ripe, beaked for some time by the persistent style. Seeds dark brown,

about 4-5 mm. long.

Tropica, AFRICA: Senegambia: Without definite locality, Perrottet 231 (type):

1839, -Guillemin (H.K.) Hendelot (H.K.). Roger in Herb. Gay (H.K.); Richard-tol, 26th

January, 1823, Dollinger (H.K.). Northern Nigeria. Sokoto Province, shrub or slender

tree overhanging rivers, December, 1910, J. M. Dalziel 324; Abinsi and vicinity, banks of

streams, common, 15th December, 1912, J. M. Dalzel 618; Katagum District, banks or

streams, J. M. Dalael 7, Benne River, October, 1907, C. A. Parsons 154, Nupe, sand

banks, small shrub with yellow flowers, 1858, C. Barter, 970.

Vernacular; “ Alambo ” (Dalzel 324, 618).

Sesbania pumctata * D.C., has been much misunderstood in herbaria, and has been

considered to be widely distributed over tropical Africa and other countries. This is not,

however, the case, and it appears to be confined to the banks of streams, in the Savannah

country from Senegambia to Northern Nigeria, probably as far as Lake Chard or may

be further. Parsons (No. 154) says it 1s a very common river shrub, 10 ft. high or so,

overhanging and sometimes forming dense impenetrable hedges.

The species may be at once recognized by its small branched inflorescence, mottled

standard-petal with very long free-appendages and smooth (not aculeate) peduncles.

4. Sebania aegyptiaca Poir. Encyc., vii, 128; Pers. Syn, ii, 316; D.C. Prodr., ii, 264

(1825) ; Baker in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr., 1, 134 (1871) ; Prain in EE As. Soc. , Bengal,

Ixvi, 367 (1897).

A tall shrub or small tree. Branches pilose or pubescent, rarely almost glabrous,

usually ribbed. Leaves 3-5-13 cm. long, petiole 0-3-1 cm. long, pubescent or villous ;

rachis flattened or ag! ed above, pilose, rarely glabrous ; leaflets 9-27-jugate ; subsessile,

0 -6—9 -8 cm. long, 1-5-6 mm. anh oblong, truncate, rounded, or sometimes retuse at ae

apex, apiculate, scarcely narrowed to the base, pubescent beneath, pubescent or glabrous

above, not punctate with minute black dots, with the mid-rib distinct beneath; the

terminal leaflets somewhat oblong-obovate. Stipules about 5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate,

pubescent, usually deciduous, if persistent then coiled. Inflorescence an axillary raceme,

2-10 em. long, 3-8-flowered, usually longer than, sometimes shorter than, the subtending

leaf, the base “of the pedunc le de nsely or scantily pilose, otherwise meel glabrous. Bracts

3-4 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute, pilose, deciduous ; bracteoles 1-5 mm. long, linear,

pubescent without, deciduous. Pedicels 0-5-1-5 em. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube 3-5 mm.

long, 5-7 mm. in diameter, glabrous, truncate, with five small teeth or lobes 1 mm. long,

ovate, usually minutely ciliate. Vezilum 1-1-1-9 cm. long, 1:2-1 -$ cm. broad, obovate,

suborbicular, or transversely oblong, rounded and usually retuse at the apex, with a short

claw 2-3 mm. long and with two free appendages above the claw; alae 1 -3—-1-8 cm. long,

3-6 mm. broad, oblong, rounded or retuse at the apex, with a curved linear claw 5-6 mm.

long, and with a projecting tooth rut the base of the lamina forming a horse-shoe-shaped

loop with the claw: carima 1-4-1-5 cm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, almost plano-convex in

outline, with a linear claw 6-8 mm. ae and a projecting tooth from the lamina forming

a horse-shoe-shaped, or distinct, loop with the claw. Staminal-sheath 0-8-1-1 em. long,

2-3-5 mm. broad at the base, with evident or distinct veins; free portion of filaments

arcuate ; anthers 0-75 mm. long, oblong; free stamen bent near the base. Ovary 1-1-3 em.

long, sub-compressed, glabrous, with two longitudinal bands ; style 3-5 mm. long, arcuate ;

stigma small, capitate. Fruit twisted, 6-14 cm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, subterete, long-

acuminate, acute, glabrous, divided into compartments within. Seeds oblong, truncate

at both ends, reddish-brown, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, glabrous.

TropicaL AFRICA: Senegambia: Perrottet, Sierra Leone, Vogel 24. Northern Nigeria :

Kontagora, shrub or tree by streams, J. M. Dalziel 38; 50 nvles from Maifoni, Bornu,

A. C. Parsons. Lake Chad and Bornu, Talbot 1242. Attah, branched shrub, Vogel 45.

Congo: Burton; Stanley Pool, Hens 348. Angola Kiteve, Kunene River, Bawm 955.

Eastern Sudan: Kordofau, Pfund 404; Kotschy 72, 223, 347, 539, White Nile, Brownell ;

Lynes ; Schweinfurth 998 ; Muriel 107; Kassala, Schweinfurth, tree near wells, Mut Oasis;

Daklila, MacDougal and Sykes 187 (Herb. Mus. Brit.), Khartoum, Schweinfurth 865. Sedan,

Schweinfurth 537. Blue Nile, Muriel, 69; Schweinfurth 962; near Matamma, Schwein-

furth 1865. Colonia Eritrea: Adi Gana, Pappi 192; Abyssinia: Cockburn ; Quartin-

Dillon and Petit 167; Wellby ; Schweinfurth and Riva, 681. British East Africa: various —

localities; James; Elliot 313; Whyte-Grenfell ; Diimmer 1781, 2008; Dowson 336 ;

* De Candolle’s description reads as follows :—

S. punctata, herbacea glabra, foliolis oblongo-linearibus obtusissimis mucronatis, 10-30-jugis, petiolo

laevi superne pubescente, racemis multifloris, corolla calyce sextriplo longiore, leguminibus compressis

subtorulosis rachi duplo triplove longioribus—in Senegal. (Perrottet), Flores flavi lin. 8-9 longi, vexillo

punctis purpureis extus maculato (v.s. comm. a cl. Perrottet).

Kassner 623, 628, Uganda; Speke and Grant 710; Whyte; Scheffler 227; Scott Elliot

7547, 6560, Diimmer 225; Bagshawe 491, 99, Tanganyika Territory: Hildebrandt 961 ;

Holst 3442; Riddelsdell 150; Goetze 53; Rhodesia: Livingstone, Rogers, 7227; Victoria

Falls, Allen 7; Flanagan 3084, 3113; Galpin 7046; Kolbe 3132; Lamb 2293; Rogers

5099, 5095, 7407, 13127, 13190, 13289, 13465; Matoppo Hills, Rogers 5159. Portuguese

East Africa: Kirk; Rikatla, Junod, 229; Delagoa Bay, Scott, Lourenco Marques,

Schlechter 11585; Bolus 7728. Maputa River, Maputaland Exped. in Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 14402. Gazaland: Lower Buzi, Swynnerton 1393.

SoutH Arrica: Transvaal: Messina, Rogers 19404, Komatipoort, Rogers 423, 440, and

in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 2604, Crocodile Poort; Galpin 1074; Bolus 7727, Barberton;

Pole Evans 2944; Sheba Siding, Thorncroft n Herb. Transvaal Mus. 18235. Barberton,

Rogers 20314. Swaziland, Miss Stewart in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8975. Natal: Umlalasi,

Wylie in Herb. Wood 8551 ; near Stanger, Wood 3859; near Durban, Gueinzus ; Gerrard

1070; Umgeni, Wood 9562.

Var. bicolor, Wight and Arn. Prodr. 214 (1834); Prain in Journ. As. Soc., Bengal,

Ixvi, 367 (1897). Sesbana atropurpurea, Taub. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XXIII, 188 (1896) ;

like the typical form in vegetative characters, but the standard petal entirely suffused

with purple.

TropicaL AFRICA: Senegal: Perrottet 232. Egyptian Sudan: Khartoum, in the

garden of the Catholic Monastery and cultivated in the gardens below the town on the

Blue Nile, 20-30 ft. high, Schweinfurth 796, 779. Cordofan, Kotschy 35. .

SoutH AFRICA : Natal: near Durban, Wood 8890.

A common species in most tropical countries. The tropical form of Sesbania aegyptiaca

is said to have uniformly yellow flowers; a second form described by Persoon as S. picta

has the standard finely mottled with purple. Whilst we have not considered it worth

while to distinguish these two conditions, owing to the difficulty of determining them

from dried specimens, we have maintained the var. bicolor of Wight and Arnot, which

is probably only found in cultivation, and has the standard petal entirely suffused with

purple. In Africa, as in parts of India, the mottled form appears by far the most common.

According to Prain (l.c.), S. aegyptiaca is a very familiar hedge plant in Indian fields

and gardens. Its wood is still (in India) highly reputed as a source of charcoal for gun-

powder manufacture.

5. Sesbania Dummeri* n. sp.

A slender shrub up to 5 cm. high, branchlets glabrous except when quite young ;

nearly terete. Leaves shorter or nearly as long as the inflorescence, 8-11 cm. long;

iachis glabrous or slightly pubescent, not prickly; leaflets 14-16 pairs, stalked, oblong-

linear. slightly narrowed and sub-equal-sided at the base, rounded and distinctly mucro-

nate at the apex, 1 -5-2 cm. long, about 4 mm. broad, glabrous or with a few minute hairs

on the margin; stipules sub-persistent, linear or linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate,

* Sesbania Dummeri Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. nov.

Affinis S. punctatae DC. et S. aegyptiacae Poir., sed ab. ambilus pedunculis basin versus aculeatis

inflorescentiis simplicibus differt.

Frutex gracilis usque ad 5 m. altus; ramuli maturi glabri, fere teretes. Folia inflorescentia breviora

vel fere aequilonga ; rachis glaber vel leviter pubescens, haud aculeatus ; foliola 14—16-juga, petiolulata

oblongo-linearia, basi leviter attenuata et subaequilata, apice rotundata et mucronata, 1 -5—2 cm. longa,

circiter 4 mm. lata, marginibus glabris vel minute pubescentibus ; stipulae subpersistentes, lineares vel

lineari-lanceolatae, acutae acuminatae, 7-10 mm. longae, sicco-brunneae, parce ciliolatae ; stipellae

minutae. Inflorescentia racemosa, folia aequilonga vel longior, usque ad 8-flora ; pedunculi basin versus

aculeati, pedicellis gracilibus, usque ad 1 c. longis, apicem versus bracteolis parvis caducis munitis ;

bracteae mox caducae. Alabastra oblique ellipsoidea, apice obtuse contracta. Calyx e basi turbinato

late et leviter oblique, campanulatus, circiter 7 mm. longus, lobis 5 late triangularibus mucronulatis

marginibus intra puberulo-ciliatis. Vexillum flavum, brunneo maculatum, circiter 2-5 em. longum,

breviter unguiculatum, ungue appendicibus oblique lanceolatis liberis circiter 7 mm. longis munito. Alae

2-5 cm. longae, circiter 7 mm. latae. Carina 2 cm. longa, limbo rhomboideo. Tubus staminalis 2 em.

longus, filamentorum partibus liberis 6 mm. longis. Ovarium et stylus glaber. Fructus juinior leviter

torulosus, maturus non visus.

7-10 mm. long, brown when dry, sparingly ciliolate; stipels minute. Inflorescence

racemose, as long or longer than the leaves, up to about eight-flowered ; peduncle finely

prickly, especially towards the base; pedicels slender, up to 1 cm. long, with two small

caducous bracteoles towards the apex ; bracts very early caducous. Flower-buds obliquely

ellipsoid, obtusely contracted at the apex. Calyx broadly and slightly obliquely cam-

panulate from a turbinate base, about 7 mm. long, with five broadly triangular mucronu-

late lobes puberulous-ciliolate within the margin. Vezxillum yellow, finely mottled with

brown, about 2-5 cm. long, rather shortly and broadly clawed, with two large obliquely

lanceolate free appendages about 7 mm. long. Alae 2-5 cm. long, about 7 mm. broad.

Carina 2 cm. long, the claw about as long as the more or less rhomboid limb. Stamnal

sheath 2 cm. long, free parts of the filaments 6 mm. long. Ovary and style glabrous.

Young fruits slightly torulose: mature ones not seen.

TROPICAL AFRICA : Uganda: Kirerema, 4000 ft., margins of swamps, flowers yellow,

spotted with brown, September, 1913, A. Diimmer 225. Without definite locality,

A. Whyte.

6. Sesbania grandiflora Poir. Encycl.. vii, 127 (1806); Pers. Syn., 1, 316 (1807).

A small tree or shrub; branchlets rather thick, very shortly and softly pubescent

when young. Leaves much longer than the inflorescence, up to about 20 cm. long;

rachis subterete, slightly pubescent or glabrous; leaflets about 15-20 pairs, stalked,

rather elongate-oblong, rounded and slightly unequal-sided at the base, rounded and

minutely mucronate at the apex, about 2-5-3 cm. long and 0-5-1 em. broad, thinly

chartaceous, shortly pubescent or glabrous, often glaucous, with about six pairs of lateral

nerves; stipules deciduous ; stipels subulate, minute. Inflorescence few-flowered, axillary ;

peduncle softly pubescent. Flowers large and showy, usually about 10 cm. long, pink

or red. Fruits about 30 cm. long, flat.

This well-marked species, the native country of which is doubtful, is widely cultivated

in the tropics for its handsome flowers. The leaves are often used as a substitute for

spinach. We have seen African specimens from Senegambia (Herb. Gay), Gold Coast

(Axim, 7. F. Chipp, 391), and Lagos (Dr. J. W. Rowland).

7. Sesbania caerulescens Harms in Warb. Kunene-Sambesi Exped., 260 (1903). S. Hockuw,

De Wild, in Fedde Rep., XI, 544 (1913).

An erect plant about 3-5 m. high (Fyles); stems ribbed, glabrous, marked with

brown lines. Leaves 5-13 cm. long ; petiole 0 -8-1 -1 cm. long, glabrous ; rachis channelled

above, glabrous ; leaflets 10-1%-jugate, subsessile, 0-3-1-8 cm. long, 1-5-5 mm. long,

oblong, obtuse, with an acute apiculus 0-5 mm. long, slightly narrowed at the base,

punctate above with minute black dots, glabrous. Stipules 7 mm. long, oblanceolate,

with a long point striped with brown, glabrous, deciduous. Inflorescence an axillary

raceme, 4-6-5 cm. long, 1—4-flowered, as long as or shorter than the subtending leaf;

bracts 7 mm. long, lanceolate, long-acuminate, striped with reddish-brown, glabrous,

deciduous; bracteoles 3 mm. long, linear, otherwise similar to the bracts; pedicels

0-8-2-3 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube spotted, 6-7 mm. long, 6-5-7 mm. broad, cam-

panulate, glabrous; teeth 3 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute, ciliated. Vezdlum a

*“ washed-blue ” (Hyles), spotted, 2-5-2-9 em. long, 2 -4-2-85 em. broad, rounded, retuse

at the apex, with a claw 3 mm. long. Alae spotted, 2 -5-2-6 cm. long, 0-9-1 cm. broad,

obtuse, with a linear claw 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, and with a downward projecting

tooth. Carina spotted, 2-2-5 cm. long, 0-75-1-1 cm. broad, obtuse, with a linear claw

1-1-2 cm. long and a tooth from the lamina slightly projecting upwards. Staminal sheath

1-7-2 em. long, 3-4 mm. broad at the base, with the free portion of the filaments arcuate ;

free stamen curved at the base. Ovary spotted, 1-7-2 cm. long, subcompressed ; style

7-8 mm. long, arcute, glabrous ; stigma small, ellipsoid. Fruit 23-25 em. long, 3-5-4 mm.

broad, linear, long acuminate, with a broad suture on one side, somewhat keeled on the

other, glabrous. Seeds dark reddish-brown, 5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, oblong, slightly

narrowed at each end, glabrous.

TROPICAL AFRICA : Angola: Miane River at Kavamba, 1175, m., swampy ground,

March, 1900, Bawm 782 (type). River Kumpulua-Kuito, Gossweiler 3195. lLuco planta-

tions, an annual, erect, glaucous green herb up to 15 ft. high, fls. pale blue, in inundated

marshes, February, 1906, Gossweiler 3745 (Herb. Mus. Brit.). Congo State: between

Chiniama and Elisabethville, Hock. Rhodesia: Salisbury, April, Flanagan, 3121; Cleve-

land Dam. In colonies on most land 5000 ft., 10 1t. high, February, Hyles, 600.

8. Sesbania cinerascens Welw. ex Baker, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii, 134 (1871); Hiern:

in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw., 1, 231, under Sesban (1896).

A tall arborescent herb or shrub up to 5 m. high, ashy grey in colour. Branches

glabrous, smooth. Leaves 10-24 cm. long, 14—30-jugate ; petiole 1-2-5 cm. long, glabrous :

leaflets 14-30 pairs, subsessile, oblong or oblong-linear, rounded above, minutely punctate,

usually unequal at the base, 0-7-2 -8 cm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, glabrous, with the mid-rib

distinct beneath. Strpules foliaceous, 1-2 cm. long, ovate, acuminate, soon deciduous.

Inflorescence axillary, racemose, 11-24 cm. long, rarely only 7 cm. long, longer or shorter

than the subtending leaf; peduncle glabrous; pedicels 1-2 cm. long, glabrous; bracts

1-5-5 mm. long, setaceous, caducous. Flowers yellaw. Calyx-tube 5-6 mm. long, cam-

panulate, with five distinct veins, glabrous; lobes 1-5-2 mm. long, ovate, acute, woolly-

ciate. Vezxillum spotted, 1-8-2-1 cm. long, 1-7-2-2 cm. broad, obovate, retuse at the

apex, narrowed into a short claw, with two ridges above the claw; alae 1-8-2 cm. long,

6-7 mm. broad, oblong or oblong-obovate, rounded above, produced into a curved claw

5-6 mm. long, with a downward projecting tooth above the claw; carina 1-7 cm. long,

obtuse, produced into a linear claw 1 cm. long, and with a downward projecting tooth

above the claw. Staminal sheath 1-1-2 cm. long, 3-5-6 mm. broad at the base; free

portion of filaments arcuate; anthers 0-5 mm. long, oblong. Ovary 0-9-1-4 cm. long,

linear, with two longitudinal bands; style 5 mm. long, at right angles to the ovary ;

stigma small, capitate. Fruit 26 cm. long, semi-terete, acuminate. Seed 9 mm. long,

3 mm. in diameter, oblong, rounded at each end, glabrous.

‘TropicaL AFRICA: Angola: Pungo Andongo, in thickets near the River Lombe,

fl. and fr. Mar. Welwitsch, 1999; in bushy places by streams, near Pedra Cabondo, fi.

and fr. Apr., Welwitsch, 2000. Rhodesia: Matoppos, c. 4000 ft., May, Rogers 7924 ;

Mazoe near Salisbury, April, Flanagan 3122, Victoria, C. F. H. Monro, 1932; near

Bulawayo, Rand 448; Hyles 1235, 1514.

SOUTH Arrica: Natal: Itafamasi, Wood, 882, Insuzi, April, Wood, 5311, and in

Natal Govt. Herb. 8677; Natal, Gerrard 82. Transvaal: Barberton Div., banks of Kaap

River, 2000, September, Galpin 1074 B; Barberton, Rogers 21567, 23891; Pietersburg

Div., Macoutsie River, Breyer in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 18664.

Mr. Eyles says in regard to his specimen No. 1235: “ In December, 1917, I planted

here several of the seeds of No. 1235 (over fourteen years old) after soaking forty-three

hours in water. Germination was 100 per cent., and one of the plants has been growing

since. Itis about 12-15 ft. high, and in March it was profusely covered with medium-

sized yellow flowers which never opened until 4.30 p.m. daily.”

9. Sesbania macrantha * Welw., MSS. S. punctata Hiern. in Cat. Afr. Pl., Welw., 1, 231,

partly, non D.C.

*Sesbania macrantha Welw. mss., sp. nov. affinis S. cinerascent; Welw. sed. caulibus et pedunculis

dense aculeatis differt. ;

Herba usque ad 5 m. alta; rami leviter costati, plerumque aculeati. Folia 5-5-18 cm. longa;

petioli 0-7-2 cm. longi, glabri vel parce aculeati ; foliola 5—-34-jugata, petiolulata, 0-9-2 “4 cm. longa,

2-6 mm. lata, oblonga vel oblongo-linearia, apice rotundata et mucronata, basi inaequalia, glabra, punctis

minutis nigris; stipulae usque ad. 1-4 mm. longae, lanceolatae, acuminatae foliaceae, subpersistentes.

Inflorescentia 13-20 cm. longa, 6—14-flora ; pedunculi inferne aculeati; bracteae mox deciduae ; pedicelli

0 6-1-5 cm. longi, glabri. Calycis tubus 5-6 mm. longus, campanulatus glaber, dentibus 1 mm. longis,

ovatis, subacuminatis, lanato-ciliatis. Veaxillum1-7 cm. longum, 2 cm. latum, rotundatum, retusum.

Alae 1-8 cm. longae, 8 mm. latae, obovatae, obtusae. Carnia 1:5 em. longa, 5-5 mm. lata. Vagina

staminalis 1-2 cm. longa. Ovariwm compressum. Fructus 25-29 cm. longus, leviter compressus, circiter

6 mm. latus, acuminatus marginibus incrassatis. Semina 6 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata, oblonga, utrinque

rotundata, glabra.

Herb. up to 5m. high. Branches slightly ribbed, usually covered with prickles,

glabrous. Leaves 5-5-18 cm. long; petiole 0-7-2 cm. long, glabrous, sometimes with

a few prickles; leaflets 5-24-jugate, petiolulate, 0-9-2-4 cm. long, 2-6 mm. broad,

oblong to oblong-linear, rounded and mucronate at the apex, unequal at the base,

glabrous, punctate with minute black dots; petiolule 1 mm. long; stipules up to 1-4

mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, foliaceous, subpersistent. Inflorescence 13-20 cm. long,

6—-14-flowered ; lower portion of peduncle covered with prickles; bracts deciduous, not

seen; pedicels 0-6-1-5 cm. long, glabrous. (alyz-tube 5-6 mm. long, campanulate,

five-veined, glabrous; teeth 1 mm. long, ovate, subacuminate, woolly-ciliate. Veaxillum

1-7 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, rounded, retuse above, produced into a claw 2 mm. long;

alae 1-8 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, somewhat obovate, obtuse, produced into a curved

linear claw 5 mm. long, and with an inclined tooth forming a horse-shoe-shaped loop with

the claw; carina 1-5 cm. long, 5-5 mm. broad, obtuse, with a downward projecting

claw. Staminal sheath 1-2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad at the base; the free portion of the

filaments arcuate; free stamen kneed near the base. Ovary compressed, with two

longitudinal bands; style arcuate; stigma capitate. Fruit 25-29 cm. long, somewhat

compressed, about 6 mm. broad, acuminate ; the valves thickened. Seeds 6 mm. long, 3

mm. broad, oblong, rounded at each end, glabrous.

TropicAL ArricaA: Uganda: Kampala, tall handsome shrub, Scott Elliot 726T7-

“Elephant grass ” land near Kasala Forest, slender, up to 15 ft. high, fls. yellow, Diimmer

749. British East Africa: Aberdare Mts., 5000-6500 ft., Battiscombe 8; two days’ march

from Mumias, A. Whyte; Nyasaland: Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., 4. Whyte; Congo:

Klizabethville, Rogers 26224; Southern Rhodesia: Odzani River Valley, Manica Dist.,

A. J. Teague 15; Angola: Huilla, in bushy places along the banks of the River Monino,

fis. and fr., Welwitsch 1995; Pungo Andongo,in palm groves on the banks of the River

Cuanza, near Sansamanda, rather rare, Welwitsch 1997.

SoUTH Arrica: Transvaal: Waterval Onder, Jenkins in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 6724.

This appears to be a very fine species, resembling in its aculeate stems and peduncles

S. aculeata, but with much larger stipules, inflorescence, and fruits than in that species.

10. Sesbania pubescens, D ©. Prodr. ii, 265 (1825); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. u, 135

(1871); Hiern. in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1, 231 (under Sesban) (1896). Emerus pubescens,

Schum. Guin. Pl., 354 (1827).

A slender shrub growing near water; branches ascending, slightly angular when

older, finely and rather laxly pubescent ; young growths densely silky-pubescent. Leaves

three or four times as long as the inflorescence, about 12 cm. long; rachis thinly

pubescent ; leaflets 12-18 pairs (usually about 17 pairs), shortly stalked, elongated-oblong,

rounded on one side, slightly narrowed on the other, rounded and with a prominent

subulate mucro at the apex, 1-5-2-3 cm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, glabrous but densely

covered with minute black spots above, adpressed silky-pubescent below; stipules soon

falling off, linear-subulate, very acute, 6-7 mm. long, with narrowly membranous edges,

shghtly pubescent up the middle; stipels minute. Inflorescence about 3 cm. long, or up

to 8 cm. very slender, simply racemose or rarely branched ; peduncle thinly pubescent ;

pedicles about 5 mm. long; bracts like the stipules, but with wider membranous margins,

soon falling. Flowers yellow, about 1 cm. long; buds ellipsoid, beaked at the apex, about

5 mm. long, glabrous. Calyx campanulate from a broadly turbinate base, 5 mm. long,

with five broadly triangular acute lobes slightly puberulous on the margin. Vezillum

probably not spotted, about 8 mm. long, with two wholly adnate appendages on the claw.

Alae about 8 mm. long. Carina limb as long as the claw. Ovary and style glabrous.

Fruits curved, about 15 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, with thickened margins, acutely beaked,

glabrous. Seeds oblong, reddish-brown, about 3 mm. long.

TROPICAL AFRICA: Senegambia: Marshes near Nboro, 1840, Brunner ; without

locality, Thiery ; Perrottet 228. Gold Coast: Accra, T. W. Brown 419; Axim, T. F.

Chipp 426; Aburi Gardens, W. H. Johnson 950. Dahomey: Cotanou, Debeauz 150

(Herb. Mus: Brit.). Western Sudan: between Madoo and Berirem, A. Chevalier

10095. St. Thomas Island, A. Moller 86. Angola: Loanda; rather rare in moist sandy

places (near Praia de Zamba Grande, fl. and fr. Mar., Apr., Welwitsch 1992. Tanganyika

Territory, Stuhlmann 7906.

This species is distinguished especially by its very small flowers and slender

inflorescences. S. sericea D.C. from Ceylon is a very closely allied species, with fruits

usually broader than those of S. pubescens. |

11. Sesbania Dalzielii * n. sp. é

A slender shrub up to 2 m. high; branches weak, angular when young, slightly

pubescent, at length striate. Leaves usually longer than the inflorescence, 15-25 cm.

long; rhachis and leaflets silky pubescent ; leaflets up to 40 pairs, shortly stalked, linear-

oblong, rounded and acutely mucronate at the apex, obliquely acute at the base, 0 -8—2 -5 cm.

long, 2-3-5 mm. broad, coriaceous, appressed silky-pubescent on both surfaces ; stipules

linear-subulate, acute, very soon falling off; stipels very minute. Inflorescence slender

and laxly flowered; the uppermost ones longer than their subtending leaves; peduncle

pubescent towards the base; pedicels slender, glabrous, bibracteolate towards the apex ;

bracteoles linear, 2 mm. long, falling off before the flower opens. Flower-buds ellipsoid-

turbinate, shortly acuminate, glabrous. Calyx campanulate, acutely turbinate at the

base, 5 mm. long, glabrous outside, ciliate within the five acutely acuminate lobes.

Vezsllum with two small sessile appendages on the claw. Ovary glabrous. Fruit about

20 em. long, strongly torulose, shortly and acutely beaked, about 25-seeded. Seeds oblong-

ellipsoid, 5 mm. long, green and shining.

TROPICAL AFRICA: Northern Nigeria: Abinsi and vicinity in marshy places:

J. M. Dalzel 614 (type). Katagum District, marshy places, J. M. Dalziel 8, “ Niger,”

Balie 9. Jeba, on the Niger, Barter. Western Sudan: Koulikoro, Chevalier 3390.

12. Sesbania Wildemannii, nom. nov.

Sesbama affinis De Wild, in Ann. Mus. Cong; Ser. V, 1, 141 (1904), non Schrad.

Stems terete, finely longitudinally grooved, glabrous. Leaves up to about 9 cm. long ;

thachis angular, shortly pubescent; leaflets about 20-25 pairs, linear-oblong, rounded

and mucronate at the apex, obliquely unequal-sided at the base, about 8 mm. long and

2 mm. broad, grey, at length glabrous above, finely appressed-pubescent below ; stipules

small, deciduous. Inflorescence few-flowered, very slender; peduncle slightly pubescent ;

pedicels nodding, 7 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles deciduous. Flowers about 1-5 cm.

long. Calyx ribbed, pubescent outside, with five acutely triangular teeth. Veadlum

finely mottled outside, with two sessile appendages on the claw. Fruits very narrow,

about 15 cm. long and 2-5 mm. broad, glabrous, straight or very slightly torulose. Seeds

oblong, rounded at the ends, 3 mm. long, brownish.

Tropica AFRICA : Belgian Congo: Between ieupoldvill: and Mombazi, Gillet. 2626.

We have seen rather an imperfect specimen of this species, which appears distinct

on account of its hairy calyx tube.

* Sesbania Dalzielii, Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. nov., affinis S. pubescenti DC., sed fructibus toru-

losis differt.

Frutex gracilis usque ad 2m. altus; rami debiles, primum angulares, leviter pubescentes, demum

striati. Folia inflorescentia plerumque longiora, 15-25 cm. longa ; rachis et foliola sericeo-pubescentia ;

foliola usque ad 40-jugata, breviter petiolulata, lineari-oblonga, apice rotundata et acute mucronata,

basi oblique acuta, 0 -8—2 -5 cm. longa, 2-3-5 mm. lata, coriacea, utrinque appresse sericeo-pubescentia ;

stipulae lineari-subulatae, acutae, mox deciduae; stipellae minutissimae. Jnflorescentia gracilis et

laxiflora ; pedunculi basin versus pubescentes ; pedicelli graciles, glabri, bibracteati; bracteolae lineares,

2 mm. longae, mox deciduae. Alabastra ellipsoideo-turbinata, breviter acuminata, glabra. Calyx cam-

panulatus, basi acute turbinatus, 5 mm. longus, extra glaber, lobis 5 acute acuminatis intra ciliatis.

Vezillum basin versus appendicibus sessilibus instructum. Ovariwm glabrum. Fructus circiter 20 em.

longus, valde torulosus, breviter et acute rostratus. Semina circiter 25, oblongo-ellipsoidea, 5 mm.

longa, viridia et nitida.

13. Sesbania leptocarpa, D.C. Prodr. ii, 265 (1825); Guill. et Perrott. FI. Seneg. i, 199,

(1830-33) ; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.. 1, 135, partly (1871).

Stem herbaceous, sparingly branched, glabrous, finely grooved. Leaves up to 9 em.

long, longer than the inflorescence; rachis very slightly aculeate towards the base ; |

leaflets 8-18 pairs, distinctly stalked, narrowly oblong, very unequal-sided at the base, _ |

rounded and finely mucronate at the apex, 1-1-3 cm. long, about 2-5-3 mm. broad, finely

punctate with numerous black spots on both surfaces, otherwise glabrous ; stipules very

soon falling off, linear-lanceolate, acute, about 2-5 mm. long, slightly hairy towards the

tips ; stipels minute, like little points. Inflorescence a simple raceme, about three-flowered ;

peduncle slender, slightly aculeate towards the base; bracts like the stipules, very soon

falling off; bracteoles small, at the base of the calyx tube. Flowers small, about 1 cm.

long. Calyx turbinate-campanulate, 4 mm. long, glabrous, with five triangular subacute

teeth slightly puberulous on the margin. Vezilum suborbicular, striate and slightly

punctate, about 1 cm. long; claw without appendages at the base or only slight thicken-

ings representing them. Alae and keel striate. Ovary and style glabrous. Fruits 12-15 em.

long, 3 mm. broad, torulose, with a dark blotch between the joints, acutely acuminate,

14-24 seeded. Seeds black, 3 mm. long.

]

TROPICAL AFRICA: Senegambia: Moist plains around St. Louis, at north Point,

near the Walo River, Richard-Tol, Dagana, etc., Hendelot 489; Perrottet 233.

This species is distinguished by its slightly aculeate peduncles, by the absence of

appendages from the claw of the vexillum, and the torulose blotched fruits. It is apparently

confined to Senegambia.

14. Sesbania pachycarpa D.C. Prodr. 11, 265 (1825); Guill. et Perrott. Fl. Seneg. 200,

t. 50 (1830-33) ; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii, 134, partly (1871). Sesban phaero-

carpus, Hiern. in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i, 232, partly, non Welw.

Stems herbaceous, pithy, glabrous. Leaves 40 cm. long, many times longer than the

inflorescence ; rachis contracted at the base, glabrous; leaflets very numerous, linear-

oblong, truncate or rounded and mucronate at the apex, slightly oblique at the base,

1-2 em. long, 3-5 mm. broad, glaucous-green, glabrous, very minutely punctate with

black spots; stipules linear, nearly 1 cm. long, glabrous. Inflorescence short, slender,

few-flowered, or sometimes reduced to two or three flowers; peduncle smooth; pedicels

up to 1 em. long, with two early deciduous bracteoles towards the apex. Calyx broadly

campanulate, from a sharply turbinate base, 5 mm. long, finely puberulous within the

margins of the acutely triangular lobes. Petals yellow; the vexillum densely mottled

with dark spots. Appendages to vexillum adnate to the claw. Fruits erect, curved,

about 15 em. long and 7 mm. broad, when ripe acutely beaked, with straight margins to

the valves, but with slight constrictions between the seeds between the margins. Seeds

separated by partitions of the sub-membranous endocarp, broadly oblong, truncate at

each end, 3-5 mm. long, rarely 3 mm. thick, pale brown.

TROPICAL AFRICA : Senegambia: Perrottet 230 (Herb. Mus. Brit.). Northern Nigeria :

Bornu, E. Vogel 79; Katagum District, J. M. Dalziel 9; near Abinsi, J. M. Dalziel 615.

Eastern Sudan: South Kordofan, Pfund 134; Kotschy 72. “ Upper Nile.” Freeman and

Lucas. Abyssinia: 'Terrefera Valley, Schimper 775. Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch 1991

(Herb. Kew. non Herb. Mus. Brit.) ; Mossamedes, Welwitsch 1996b.

Known in Nigeria as “ Zamarke ` (Dalziel).

15. Sesbania aculeata Pers. Synops. u, 316, partly (1807); D.C. Prodr., ii, 265 (1825);

Prain in Journ. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, Ixvi, 369 (1897). Sesban punctatus, Hiern. in

Welw. Cat. Afr. Pl. i, 230, partly. Sesban aegyptiacus Hiern, l.c., 231, non Poir.

A weed of moist places often up to 5 m. high; stem patently branched from the base

to apex, often aculeate, but sometimes smooth. Leaves up to 25 em. long; rachis

generally aculeate below; leaflets about thirty pairs, generally about 1-5 cm. long and

3 mm. broad, glabrous and often glaucous; stipules linear-lanceolate, very acute, about

7 mm. long, glabrous, often sub-persistent. Inflorescence mostly rather few-flowered and

much shorter than the subtending leaf; peduncle aculeate or smooth; pedicels slender,

about 5 mm. long, glabrous. Flowers yellow, about 1-5 cm. long. Calyx tube 3 mm.

long, campanulate, glabrous; teeth 1-2 mm. long, subacute. Vezidlum yellow spotted

on the back, with two sessile linear appendages on the claw. Alae oblong or oblong-

obovate. Carina 1:8 cm. long, 4 mm. broad. Stamwnal sheath 1-1-2 cm. long. Ovary

glabrous. Frwits 15-20 cm. long, straight or slightly curved, about 3 mm. thick, tipped

with a long slender acute beak. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, about

3 mm. long.

TropicaL AFRICA : Senegal, Perrottet 229. Sierra Leone: Falaba, Scott Elliott 5220 ;

near Luseniya, about 15 ft., with purplish flowers, Scott Elliott 4219. Gold Coast: Accra,

Krauss: Lagos, J. M. Dalziel 1227; Macgregor 13. French Congo: Ft. Sibut, Krebedje,

Chevalier 5675. Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker and Staudt 501. Angola: Quiballa, Mon-

tetro. Mossamedes, Welwitsch 1996. Between Huilla Mission Station and Chibia, H. H. W.

Pearson 2699, 2724. Golungo Alto, Welwitsch 1994. Mossamedes. Eastern Sudan:

Schweinfurth 1046, 1869; Kotschy 539; Brown 1075. Abyssinia: Quartin-Dillon and

Petit 169. Colonia Eritraea: Beni-Amer, Pappi 161. British Hast Africa: Mombassa,

in damp meadows, Hildebrandt 1990; Kassner 471; Usambara, C. Holst 3212. Nyasa

Highlands, Stolz 267. Nyasaland: Johnson 361; Buchanan 910. Rhodesia: Matopos,

Allen 731. Ngamiland: Kwebe Hills, swampy places, Lugard 161, 16la, 168. Portu-

guese Hast Africa: Lourenco Marques, Schlechter 11585; Wilms 422.

SoutH AFRICA: Transvaal: Shilovane, Junod 1131. Crocodile Poort, shrub 8 ft.,

Galpin 1074a. Aapies River, north of Pretoria, A. Haagner n Herb. Conrath 1185.

Barberton Division: Nelspruit, Rogers 23858. Natal, Drege, Sutherland ; Gerrard 32;

Keun, Wood 287, 1593; Gerrard and McKen. 734.

A common weed in most tropical countries.

16. Sesbania arabica, Hochst. ex Steud., Nom. ed. II, 1, 572 (1840).

Stems glabrous, rather slender, finely grooved. Leaves up to 15 cm. long, much longer

than the inflorescence; rachis smooth; leaflets up to thirty pairs, distinctly stalked,

linear-oblong, rounded and minutely mucronate at the apex, obliquely one-sided at the

base, about 1-5 cm. long and 2-5-3 mm. broad, glaucous-green ; stipules lanceolate, with

a long linear acuminate apex, slightly pubescent on the margin, sub-persistent ; stipels

very minute, like little points. Inflorescence mostly about two or three flowered, slender ;

peduncle glabrous or nearly so; bracteoles paired at the base of the calyx, narrowly

lanceolate, with membranous margins. Flowers apparently yellow; the vexillum finely

mottled with purple. Calyx broadly campanulate from a shortly turbinate base, about

5 mm. long, slightly pubescent within the margins of the acute triangular teeth. Veasllum

with two linear sessile appendages on the claw. Fruits erect, nearly straight, up to about

25 cm. long, strongly constricted between the seeds, segments about 6 mm. long. Seeds

oblong-ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, 4-5 mm. long, dark brown, slightly shining.

TropicaL AFRICA: Northern Nigeria: Benne Valley, Muri Province, Nov., P. H.

Lamb 69. astern Sudan: $. Kordofan, Pfund 132, 308; Kotschy 47. Blue Nile, near

“Camp Ardeba,” Muriel 65. Mestra Zeraf Wood Station, Brown 1737. Colonia Eritrea :

Beni-Amer, Pappi 166.

Occurs also in Southern Arabia. Arabic name, ‘“ Tawri’’ (Muriel).

17. Sesbania sphaerocarpa Welw. Apont. 590, No. 82 (1858); Hiern. in Cat. Afr. PI.

Welw., 1, 232, partly. Sesbania sphaerosperma, Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop.

Afr., 1, 135 (1871).

Herb, rather woody at the base, about 30 cm. high or more; stems smooth or

sparingly aculeata. Leaves up to 15 cm. long; rachis slightly aculeate below; leaflets

up to about twenty pairs, elongate-oblong, rounded and minutely mucronate at the apex,

unequal-sided at the base, 1-5-2-5 cm. long, about 5 mm. broad, pale glaucous-green,

glabrous ; stipules linear-subulate, acutely acuminate, about 8 mm. long, slightly hairy

on the margins, soon falling off. Inflorescence very small, 2—3-flowered, about 1-5 cm.

long; peduncle slender, slightly hairy towards the base; pedicels very slender, about

5 mm. long, glabrous; bracts and bracteoles caducous. Calyx widely campanulate,

acutely turbinate at the base, with five short acute lobes. Vezdlum broadly orbicular,

with two sessile linear appendages on the claw. Fruits about 16 cm. long, 3 mm. broad,

linear, acutely acuminate, with an undulate wing on the back of the valves. Seeds nearly

rounded, small.

TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola: Loanda District, J. Gossweiler 253, 1479; Loanda:

Welwitsch 1991, 1993.

18. Sesbania microphylla, Harms in Kunene-Samb. Exped., 260 (1903).

An erect branching herb, up to 2 m. high; branches ribbed, glabrous. Leaves

2-12 cm. long; petiole 0-2-1 cm. long, glabrous; rachis flattened on the upper surface,

glabrous, leaflets 5—30-jugate, subsessile, 2-7 mm. long, 0:5-2-5 mm. broad, oblong or

elliptic, obtuse, shortly mucronate, slightly unequal at the base, punctate above with

minute black dots, glabrous, with the mid-rib distinct beneath. Stipules 2-5-3 mm. long,

setaceous, deciduous, or persistent. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, three or four flowered,

2-6 cm. long, longer or shorter than the subtending leaf; base of peduncle glabrous ;

bracts deciduous, not seen; bracteoles 2-5 mm. long, setaceous, persistent in mature

flowers ; pedicels 1-2 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube 3 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter,

campanulate, with five broad brown bands; teeth 1 mm. long, ovate, with brown

acuminate tips. Vexillum yellow, mottled with numerous fine purple spots on the back,

1-5 cm. long, 1-1 cm. broad, ovate-oblong, rounded above, with two adnate linear-

appendages within a short claw 1-5 cm. long. Alae 1-6 cm. long, oblong, obtuse, with

a linear claw 2-5 cm. long, and a downward projecting tooth from the base of the lamina.

Carina 1-65 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, almost plano-convex in outline, with a linear claw

6 mm. long, and a downward projecting tooth from the lamina. Staminal sheath 1 cm.

long, 2 mm. broad at the base, with the free portion of the filaments arcuate ; free stamen

slightly bent at the base; anthers 0-75 mm. long, ovate. Ovary 1-3 cm. long, sub-com-

pressed, with two faint longitudinal bands; style 4 mm. long, arcuate ; stigma capitate.

Fruit 11 5-12 -5 em. long, 2-2-5 mm. broad, linear, acutely acuminate, laterally compressed,

moniliform Seeds dark brown, 3 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, oblong, rounded at both

ends, glabrous.

TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola: Mouth of the Longa River, 3480 ft., 22nd December,

1899, H. Baum 569. Eastern Sudan: Bahr. el Ghazal, flowers yellow mottled with black,

A. F, Broun. Rhodesia: Lomagundi, Darwendale on pierite formation, in vleis, April,

Kyles, 695; Bulawayo, J. S. MacDonald in Herb. Dept. Agric. 4942. |

19. Sesbania mossambicensis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 45 (1861). Ses-

bania macowaniana Schinz. in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand, XXX, 165 (1888).

A weak sparingly branched herb about 1 m. high. Branches striate, glabrous.

Leaves 1-5-11 cm. long; petiole 2-7 mm. long, glabrous; rachis flattened or channelled

above, glabrous, rarely sparsely covered with hairs ; leaflets 7-33-jugate, subsessile, oblong

or oblong-linear, rounded at the apex, shortly apiculate, unequal at the base, glabrous,

0-3-1 em. long, punctate with minute black dots on the upper surface, with the mid-rib

distinct beneath; stipules usually persistent, 2-5 mm. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate, acute. Inflorescence an axillary raceme, 1-7 cm. long, 3—8-flowered, longer

or shorter than the subtending leaf; peduncles glabrous; bracts generally persistent,

2 mm. long, linear; bracteoles persistent, 1-5 mm. long, linear; pedicels 3-7 mm. long,

glabrous. (Calya-tube 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. in diameter, campanulate, glabrous, with

five dark-brown bands; teeth 1-1-5 mm. long, acuminate from a triangular base, acute,

with black tips, usually with cottony hairs on the margins. Vezilum striped with dark

veins, but not mottled, 0-8-1-1 cm. long, 0-8-1-1 cm. broad, subrotund, obovate or

transversely oblong, rounded and retuse at the apex, with a claw 2 mm. long. Alae

0-8-1 -2 cm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, obovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse, with a linear claw

1-5-3 mm. long, and a short downward projecting tooth from the lamina. Carina

0-9-1 -2 em. long, 3-4 mm. broad, almost plano-convex in outline, obtuse, with a linear

claw 5-7 mm. long, and a downward projecting claw from the lamina. Staminal sheath

0-7-1 em. long, 1-3 mm. broad at the base, with the free portions of the filaments arcuate ;

free stamen dilated at the base. Ovary,0-7—-1-1 cm. long, subcompressed, with two faint

longitudinal bands; style 3-4 mm. long, arcuate, glabrous; stigma capitate. Fruit

4-6 cm. long, moniliform, long-acuminate. Seeds dark reddish-brown, 2:5 mm. long,

1-25 mm. broad, oblong, rounded at each end, glabrous.

TROPICAL AFRICA : Maniniam: On the Tubbo River, G. Schweinfurth 3674. Portu-

guese Hast Africa: Cabaceira Peninsula and near Quillimane, Peters (type). Congo:

Elisabethville, Rogers 10872 ; without locality, Rogers 13641.

SoUTH AFRICA: Herbert Div., Biddulphis, nine miles north of Orange River at

Hopetown, February, Bolus 1835; (Gariep River, Pappe : Transvaal: Makapansberge,

Streydpoort, A. Rehmann 5543. Pretoria Div., near the Aapies River, 4500 ft., January,

Schlechter 4179; Miss Leendertz 3205; Pretoria, March, Mrs. Pott on Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 11333; Miss Leendertz 4413; Hatherley, near Pretoria, Rogers 23943; Rusten

burg Div., Rustenburg, January, Playford in Govt. Herb. 17268 ; Crocodile River, March,

Burtt-Davy, 9297; Zeerust Div., Zeerust, Rogers 22672; Potchefstroom Div., Potchef-

stroom, Miss Leendertz 3205; Pietersburg Div., grassy plains near Pietersburg, 4000 it.,

February, Bolus 10879. Bechuanaland: Masupa River, E. Holub. S.W. Protectorate :

Klein Namutoni, J. W. F. Breyer in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 20618.

§ DAUBENTONIA.

20. Sesbania tetraptera, Hochst. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii, 136 (1871).

Stems ridged, otherwise glabrous, about 4 mm. thick. Leaves up to 12 cm. long

nearly twice as long as the inflorescence; rachis sparingly pubescent when young, soon

becoming quite glabrous or with a few small prickles on the lower side towards the base ;

leaflets about fifteen pairs, shortly stalked, narrowly oblong, unequal-sided at the base,

truncate-rounded and sharply mucronate at the apex, 1-2-2 cm. long, 3-4-5 mm. broad,

glabrous, spotted with minute black dots on the upper side, with no visible nerves or

veins ; stipules subpersistent, subulate-lanceolate, very acute, 5-6 mm. long, very slightly

pubescent inside; stipels very minute and subulate. Inflorescence a simple raceme, few

(up to seven) flowered ; peduncle up to 6 cm. long, thickened at the base and there closely

beset with subulate-triangular prickles; bracts linear-subulate, about 3 mm. long, per-

sistent ; pedicels about 7 mm. long, filiform, with a pair of linear deciduous bracteoles

at the apex about one-third the length of the calyx. Calyx campanulate, turbinate at

the base, 5 mm. long, with five short triangular lobes, the latter minutely pubescent inside

the margin. Vezidlum broadly orbicular, 1-2 cm. long, cuneate into a short claw about

2 mm. long, with two linear sessile ridge-like appendages about 2 mm. long near the base.

Alae oblong; limb 8-5 mm. long; claw bent, 5 mm. long. Carina broadly semilunar ;

limb 8 mm. long, with an acutely triangular tooth on the upper side; claw curved, 5 mm.

long. Staminal sheath 0-8 cm. long, free part of filaments 3-4 mm. long; anthers 0-75 mm.

long. Ovary 8 mm. long, four-winged ; style bent at right angles, 3 mm. long, puberulous

towards the top. Fruits much longer than the leaves, 15 cm. long, 1 cm, broad, broadly

four-winged, stipitate, for about 1 cm. at the base, acutely acuminate at the apex. Seeds

reddish-brown, oblong-elliptic, broadly rounded at both ends, 6 mm. long, with a small

circular hilum in the middle.

TROPICAL AFRICA: Nubia: Jn dry limestone of Arasch-Cool, 7th October, 1839.

Kotschy 131 (H.K.). “ Upper Egypt and Cordofan,” without definite locality, 1837-38, —

Kotschy 83 (H.K.).

21. Sesbania Kirkii * n. sp.

Stems slightly ridged or nearly smooth, not prickly, rather stout, about 5-6 mm. thick.

Leaves up to 30 cm. long, more than twice as long as the inflorescence ; rachis sparingly

pilose when very young, soon glabrous or with one or two small prickles on the lower side

towards the base; leaflets up to about 35 pairs, shortly stalked, elongate-oblong or linear-

oblong, slightly unequal-sided at the base, rounded and mucronate at the apex, 2-5-3 -5 em.

long, about 5-6 mm. broad, spotted with minute black dots on the upper surface, otherwise

glabrous, with several faint lateral nerves; stipules persistent, lanceolate or linear- —

lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 1 cm. long, pubescent inside; stipels distinct, subulate,

about 1 mm. long. Inflorescence several flowered, racemose, slender, up to 14 em. long;

peduncle slender, broadened towards the base and there provided with numerous subulate

spreading prickles ; bracts persistent, longer than the pedicels, linear-lanceolate, very acute,

5-6 mm. long, sparingly ciliate; pedicels about 4 mm. long, slender, glabrous, with a

pair of persistent bracteoles a little more than half as long as the calyx. Calyx campanulate,

turbinate at the base, 4 mm. long, with five triangular lobes about 1 mm. long, the latter

minutely ciliolate. Petals as in S. tetraptera Hochst. Fruits much shorter than the leaves,

about 15 cm. long and nearly 1-5 cm. broad, stipitate for about 1 cm. at the base, very

acutely beaked, acuminate, broadly four-winged. Ripe seeds not seen.

TROPICAL AFRICA : Zambezi Basin: Tette, fls., February, 1859, Dr. J. Kirk (H.K.) ;

near Sena, fr., June, 1859, Dr. J. Kirk (H.K.). Lower Shire, elephant marsh, especially

on the banks of the river, fls. and fr., February, 1887, L. Scott (H.K.).

22. Sesbania hamata,f n. sp.

* Sesbania Kirkii, Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. nov.; affinis S. tetrapterae, Hochst., sed foliis, fructus

brevioribus foliolis numerosissimis majoribus inflorescentiis multifloris differt.

Caules leviter costati vel fere teretes, haud aculeati, tatis robusti, circiter 5-6 mm. crassi. Folia

usque ad 30 cm. longa, inflorescentiae ultra duplo-longiora ; rachis primum parce pilosus, mox glaber

vel inferne aculeis paucis instructus; foliola usque ad 35-jugate, breviter petiolulata, elongato-oblonga

vel lineari-oblonga, basi leviter inaequilatera, apice rotundata et mucronata, 2 -5-3-5 cm. longa, circiter

5-6 mm. lata, supra punctis nigris minutis maculata, ceterum glabra, nervis lateralibus subdistictis ;

stipulae persistentes, lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceolatae, acute acuminatae, 1 cm. longae, intra pubescentes ;

stipellae distinctae, subulatae, circiter 1 mm. longae. Jnflorescentia pluriflora, racemosa, gracilis, usque

ad 14 cm. longa; pedunculi graciles, basin versus latiores et aculeis numerosis subulatis patulis instructi ;

bracteae persistentes, pedicellis longiores, lineari-lanceolatae, acutissimae, 5-6 mm. longae, parce ciliatae ;

pedicelli circiter 4 mm. longi, graciles, glabri, apice bracteolis calyce dimidio brevioribus instructis. Calyx

campanulatus, basi turbinatus, 4 mm. longus, lobis triangularibus 5 circiter 1 mm. longis minute ciliolatis.

Petala ut in S. tetrapterae, Hochst. (supra). Fructus foliis multo brevior, circiter 15 cm. longus et fere

1-5 cm. latus, basi 1-5 cm. stipitatus, apice acutissime rostrato-acuminatus, late 4-alatus. Semina

matura non visa.

+ Sesbania hamata, Phillips ef Hutchinson, sp. nov.; affinis S. tetraptera Hochst., sed caulibus

aculeis hamatis ornatis inflorescentis plurifloris differt. )

Caulis longitudinaliter costatus, aculeis hamatis. Folia 9-18 cm. longa; rachis interdum aculeis

paucis ornatus ; foliola 14-20-jugate, subsessilia, oblonga vel lineari-oblonga, apice rotundata, distincte

mucronata, 1 -2-2-7 cm. longa, 2-5-6 mm. lata, supra dilute viridia, glabra ; stipulae persistentes, lineis

rubro-brunneis striatae, 0-6-1 cm. longae, oblique lanceolatae, acuminatae, glabrae. Inflorescentia

axillaris, racemosa, 9-11 cm. longa, 6-9-flora, folio subtendente circiter aequilonga ; pedunculi inferne

aculeis numerosis hamatis instructi; bracteae persistentes, circiter 5 mm. longae, lanceolatae, acuminatae,

acutae, leviter ciliatae ; bracteolae bracteis similes sed breviores; pedicelli 0 -9-1-5 cm. longi, glabri

Calycis tubus 3 mm. longus, 4 mm. latus, campanulatus, glaber, dentibus 1 mm. longis ovatis acutis

glabris. Vexillum maculatum, 1-2 cm. longum, 1-3 cm. latum, transverse oblongum, ungue 3 mm.

longo; alae 1-25-1-3 cm. longae, 4 mm. latae, oblongo-ovatae, superne rotundatae, ungue lineari

circiter 3 mm. longo et dente recurvato; carina 1-2 cm. longa, obtusa, ungue 5 mm. longo. Tubus

staminalis 4 mm. longus, 3 mm. latus, filamentis superne arcuatis liberis ; stamen liberum 8 mm. longum.

Ovarium subsessile, 8 mm. longum, 4-alatum, glabrum; stylus 3 mm. longus, ab ovario sub angulo

45° divergens, pubescens, stigmate capitato. Fructus immaturi usque ad 9-5 cm. longi, 4-5 mm. lati,

lineares, 4-alati, stylo persistente coronati,

Stem with longitudinal ridges, covered with hook-like prickles. Leaves 9-18 cm.

long; rachis sometimes with a few hook-like prickles on the lower half; leaflets 14—20

pairs, subsessile, oblong or linear-oblong, rounded at the apex, distinctly mucronate,

1 -2-2-7 em. long, 2-5-6 mm. broad, pale green above, glabrous, with the mid-rib distinct

beneath ; stipules persistent, striped with reddish-brown marks, 0-5-1 cm. long, obliquely

lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Inflorescence an axillary raceme 9-11 cm. long, 6—9-

flowered, about as long as the subtending leaf, the lower half of the peduncle covered

with numerous hook-like prickles; bracts persistent, about 5 mm. long, lanceolate,

acuminate, acute, slightly ciliate; bracteoles similar to the bracts but a little shorter ;

pedicels 0-9-1-5 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube 3 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, campanulate,

glabrous ; teeth 1 mm. long, ovate, acute, glabrous. Veaillwm spotted, 1-2 cm. long,

1-3 em. broad, transversely oblong, with a claw 3 mm. long, widening from the base

upwards. Alae 1-25-1-3 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, oblong-ovate, rounded above, with a

linear claw about 3 mm. long and a downward projecting tooth from the limb forming

a loop with the claw. Carina 1-2 cm. long, obtuse, with a linear claw 5 mm. long, and

with an acute tooth projecting at right angles to the limb and forming a horseshoe-shaped

loop with the claw. Staminal sheath 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, with the upper half of the

free filaments arcuate; free stamen 8 mm. long, dilated at the base above a short bent

claw. Ovary subsessile, 8 mm. long, four-winged, glabrous; style 3 mm. long, bent

almost at right angles to the ovary, pubescent; stigma capitate. Young fruits up to

9-5 em. long, 4-5 mm. broad, linear, four-winged, tipped with the persistent style.

SoUTH Arrica: Transvaal: Moist places near the Brak River, 2800 ft., 9th March,

1894, Schlechter 4620.

We have seen only one specimen of this apparently distinct species—in the Bolus

Herbarium, Capetown. It extends the distribution of the group Tetraptérae, formerly

only known by the solitary species (S. tetraptera) from the Nile districts, through the

Zambezi Basin (S. Kirkw and S. Rogersw) into the sub-tropical Transvaal.

23. Sesbania Rogersii * n. sp.

Branched or unbranched plants 30-69 cm. high. Stem ribbed, covered with prickles,

otherwise glabrous. Leaves 1-5-6 cm. long; rachis 3-4 cm. long, subterete ; leaflets less

than ten pairs, subsessile, 0-5-1-3 cm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse, shortly and

bluntly mucronate, punctate above with minute black dots, otherwise glabrous, with the

mid-rib distinct below; stipules setaceous, 4:5 long. Inflorescence an axillary raceme,

2-5 cm. long, 1-4-flowered, longer or shorter than the subtending leaf; peduncle with

a few short prickles at the base; bracts 5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, deciduous ;

bracteoles similar, soon falling off; pedicels 0-5-1-2 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube

4 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous; teeth about 1 mm. long, ovate, acute, minutely

ciliolate. Vexillum mottled, 1-1-3 cm. long, 7-8 mm. broad, obovate, with a linear claw

* Sesbania Rogersii, Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. nov.; affinia S. hamatae, Phillips et Hutchinson,

sed foliolis, paucijugis inflorescentiis 1—3-floris, tubo staminorum filamentorum partibus liberis longiore

differt.

Plantae simplices vel ramosae usque ad 30-70 cm. altae; caulis costatus, aculeis ornatus, ceterum

glaber. Folia 1:5-6 cm. longa; rachis 3-4 cm. longus, subteres ; foliola 5-8-juga, subsessilia, 0 -5—1 -3 em.

longae, 2-4 mm. lata, oblonga, obtusa, breviter et obtuse mucronata, supra minute nigro-lepidotis ;

stipelae setaceae, 4-5 cm. longae. Inflorescentia axillaris, racemosa, 2-6 cm. longa, 1-4-flora, folio sub-

tendente longior vel brevior ; pedunculi basin versis aculeis brevibus instructi; bracteae 5 mm. longae,

lanceolatae, acuminatae, deciduae ; bracteolis similibus mox deciduis; pedicelli 0-5-1-2 cm. longi,

glabri. Calycis tubus 4 mm. longus, campanulatus, glaber, dentibus circiter 1 mm. longis ovatis acutis

minute ciliolatis. Vezillum irregulariter maculatum, 1-1-3 cm. longum, 7-8 mm. latum obovatum,

ungue lineari 2-4 mm. longo apice bifidenticulato. Alae 1-3-1-4 cm. longae, 3 mm. latae, oblongae,

obtusae, ungue lineari 3 mm. longo dente reflexo; carina 1 -3-1-5 em. longa, obtusa, concava, ungue

5-8 mm. longo lineari. Tubus staminalis 1-1-3 cm. longus basi 1-5-2 mm. latus, antheris 0-5 mm.

longis, oblongis. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, 1 -1—-1 -2 em. longum, 4-alatum ; stylus 3-3-5 mm. longus,

arcuatus, apicem versus pubescens, stigmate parvo. Fructus 9-15 em. longi, 1 -1—-1 -2 cm. lati, lineares,

acuminati, late 4-alati, medio pallidiores. Semina atrorubrobrunnea, 5 mm. longa, 2 °5 mm. lata oblonga,

utrinque fere truncata, glabra.

2-4 mm. long and two raised ridges above the claw. Alae 1-3-1-4 cm. long, 8 mm. broad,

oblong, obtuse, with a linear claw 3 mm. long and a short downward projecting tooth.

Carina 1-3-1-5 cm. long, obtuse, concave, with a linear claw 5-8 mm. long, and a pro-

jecting tooth almost at right angles to the limb. Staminal sheath 1-1-3 cm. long,

1 -5-2 mm. broad at the base ; free portion of the filaments shorter than the tube, arcuate ;

anthers 0-5 mm. long, oblong; free stamen bent near the base, but not swollen. Ovary

shortly stipitate, 1-1-1 -2 cm. long, four-winged : style 3-3-5 mm. long, arcuate, pubescent

near the apex; stigma small. Fruit 9-15 cm. long, 1-1-1 -2 cm. broad, linear, acuminate,

broadly four-winged, with a lighter coloured band in the middle of the valves. Seeds

dark reddish-brown, 5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, oblong, almost truncate at both ends,

glabrous.

TROPICAL AFRICA: Rhodesia: Victoria Falls, April, Flanagan 3109; North-West

Rhodesia, without locality, Rogers 8747.

This is a very peculiar species with exactly the appearance of S. aculeata in regard

to its vegetative and floral characters, but with fruits broadly four-winged as in S. tetrap-

tera. \t apparently provides a link between the two sections of the genus.

PELE

RAGAL SPECIES OF THE SAPINDACEAE.

By KE. P. PHILLIPS, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Botanist in Charge of the

National Herbarium, Pretoria.’

DurRinG a short stay in Durban in January, 1919, I saw for the first time, in their native

state, species of Sapindaceae growing in the Stellabush. This led me to make an

examination of the material in the Natal Herbarium, and at the same time I took the

opportunity of describing the species. To make the records more complete than it was

possible to do from the material in the Natal Herbarium alone, all the Natal specimens

in the Bolus Herbarium and Cape Government Herbarium at Capetown and the National

Herbarium, Pretoria, were examined. This has added Saree erably to the Natal localities

in which the species occur.

Twelve genera of the order Sapindaceae have been EE from South Africa, and

of these nine occur in Natal. Wood, in his “ Handbook to the Natal Flora ”' (1907), cites

sixteen Natal species, but he eventually dropped Schmidelia natalensis in his “ Revised

List of the Natal Flora.” Of the fifteen species mentioned by Wood, only ten are repre-

sented in the Natal Herbarium, and of those unrepresented I have not seen specimens

from Natal in any other herbarium.

The examination of the material has brought to light an undescribed Bersama which

occurs in Natal, and I am of opinion that Bersama tysoniana also occurs there, though

I have seen no Natal specimen.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

peamens_eecentric. | Bruit bladdery. “A twiner..... oe fs. de eee eg Cardiospermum.

Stamens not eccentric. Fruit membranous, fleshy, coriaceous, or winged.

Trees or shrubs.

Whole plant densely villous with stellate hairs; leaflets deeply

EEN TA GN N EE ER lor ane Melaamthus.

Plants most glabrous; leaves or leaflets never deeply incised.

Leaves broadly ovate, palmately lobed; flowers scarlet....... Greyia.

Leaves or leaflets lanceolate or elliptic : flowers greenish or

whitish. :

Leaves simple.

ruit ilmost slobose, coraceouss.’....:... 5.0. Ee Allophylus.

Fruit flattened with membranous wings............. Dodonaea.

Leaves compound.

Leaflets unequal-sided ; rachis with broad or narrow

wings.

Young branches, leaf rachis, and inflorescence

derel) LOMeNLOSEN... 5 sar ye eet. i eo Hippobromus.

Eli elsbrous vor almost so... 5% ER Pteroxylon.

Leaflets not unequal-sided ; rachis not winged, or only

winged in the uppermost segment.

Leaves trifoliate ; sepals glabrous, pedicels 1 mm.

| pitt Ma, a ai CSIR hes EA 0 er Allophylus.

Leaves pinnate, if trifoliate then pedicels 1 em. long;

sepals hairy.

Inflorescence a panicle up to 43 cm. long.... Sapindus.

Inflorescence a raceme up to 17 cm. long..... Bersama.

CARDIOSPERMUM LINN.

C. halicacabum Linn.

A herbaceous climber. Stems deeply five-furrowed with prominent ridges, scantily

pubescent. Leaves 3-6 cm. long, trifoliate, each leaflet of the first order digitately divided

into three leaflets of the second order ; petiole 1 -5-1-8 cm. long, furrowed, pilose ; petiole

of leaflets 8-11 cm. long, similar to the petiole of the leaf; ultimate leaf-segments

1-5-2-5 cm. long, 0-5-1-3 cm. broad, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, hirsute above.

glabrous beneath except on the veins, with the margins deeply cut into 2-3 lobes.

Inflorescence a compound umbel with three principal peduncles, axillary; primary

peduncle 3-7 -2 cm. long, four-angled, pilose, and bearing at the apex two spirally-coiled

tendrils ; secondary peduncles 8-1-7 cm. long, scantily pubescent. Sepals unequal; the

smaller 2 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, ovate, rounded above, glabrous ; the larger 5 mm. long,

2-5 mm. broad, obovate, obtuse. Petals similar to the larger sepals. Stamens eccentric ;

staminal tube 1-5 mm. long; free portion of filaments 2-5-3 mm. long, linear, glabrous,

sometimes ciliated ; anthers 0-75 mm. long, oblong. Ovary 3 mm. long, eccentric, con-

sisting of three carpels with a broad dorsal wing and a narrow ventral wing; style none;

stigmas three, ovate, concave. Torus between the stamens and ovary produced into

two blunt lobes 5 mm. long. Fruit 2—3-celled bladdery capsule with a single seed in each

cell: the valves not veined and pubescent with bulbous base hairs. Seeds black, 4 mm.

ng; 3:5 mm. broad, somewhat globose, glabrous. Sonder in Harv. and Sond., Fl. Cap.,

, 237, Bot. Mag., t. 1049.

Natal: Verulam, March, Wood 483, and in Colonial Herb. 6795, without locality,

Sanderson, Gueinzurs.

DistTRIBUTION : Rhodesia, Pondoland, Transvaal, Bechuanaland Protectorate.

MELIANTHUS LINN.

M. villosus Bolus.

A herbaceous shrub. All parts densely covered with stellate hairs. Branches

tomentose. Leaves petioled, compound, paripinnate, 5-7-jugate, 8-19 cm. long; petiole

3-2-5-5 em. long, densely villous; leaflets 2-5-7-5 cm. long, 6-3 cm. broad, lanceolate,

subacute, slightly narrowed at the base, densely villous, with the margins deeply and

acutely serrate ; stipules 2-2 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate,

acute, densely villous. Inflorescence a terminal raceme 28 cm. long. Peduncle 12 cm.

long, densely villous. Bracts 2-3 cm. long, 1:2 cm. broad, ovate, long acuminate,

pubescent. Pedicels 2 cm. long, terete, villous. Sepals unequal; lateral sepals 2-6 cm.

long, 1-3 em. broad, elliptic, obtuse, tomentose within and without; anterior sepal

1-6 em. long, 1 em. broad, boat-shaped, ovate in outline, long acuminate, densely tomen-

tose. Petals 1-9 em. long, 2-3 mm. broad, linear, three-lobed above, densely pilose on

the upper half, with the middle lobe tongue-shaped ; the lateral lobes smaller, sometimes

rudimentary. Disc in the form of flat fle shy glands 4-5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, truncate

at the apex. Filaments 6-9 mm. long, subterete, Eed anthers 4-5 mm. long, 2 mm.

broad, oblong. Ovary 4 mm. long, pyramidal in outline, four-angled, glabrous, four-celled,

each cell containing many ovules ; style 5 mm.long, subterete, somewhat falcate, narrowing

to a blunt point, pubescent ; stigma simple.

Natal: Rocky Hill, South Downs, 4000-5000 ft., December, Wood 1008, 4376, and

in Natal Govt. Herb. 5133.

DISTRIBUTION : Elands River Valley, near Mont-aux-Sources.

M. insignis, O. Kuntze. I have not seen specimens of this species, but from the

short description given by ra (Rev. Gen. III; 43) it may possibly be the same as

M. yellows Bolus.

GREYIA Hook. AND HARV.

G. Sutherlandi Hook. and Harv.

A moderately sized tree (Wood). Branches glabrous. Leaves simple, petioled, 4-10 cm.

long; petiole 1-4 cm. long, somewhat compressed, glabrous, dilated and amplexicaul at

the base; lamina 3-7 cm. long, 2-8 cm. broad, ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the

base, glabrous, 8-9-lobed with the lobes coarsely toothed, palmatinerved with distinct

veins. Inflorescence a dense raceme, 7-11 cm. long, 3-5-5 cm. broad. Bracts 1 cm. long,

5 em. broad, lanceolate, obtuse. Pedicels 1-5 cm. long, terete, glabrous. Sepals 5 mm.

long, 3 mm. broad, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, connate at the base. Petals red, 1-15 cm. long,

5-5 mm. broad, oblong, concave, rounded at the apex, glabrous, shortly ciliated. Disc

basin-shaped, with a rim 2 mm. deep and produced into ten processes 2 mm. long, each

bearing a flattened anther-like structure at the apex. Filaments reddish, 9-2 cm. long,

terete, glabrous ; anthers 3 mm. long, oblong. Ovary 7 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, ovoid.

subapocarpus, five-celled, each cell containing numerous ovules; style 5 mm. long,

gradually narrowed above, minutely five-toothed at the apex, glabrous. Harv. Thes.

Cap. t. 1, Harv. in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. IT, 309; Wood, Natal Plants t. 373.

Natal: Polela, June, Fernando, 83; and in Natal Govt. Herb. 10470; Ixopo, Septem-

ber, Fannin in Natal Herb. 16241; Inanda, 2000 ft., Wood in Natal Govt. Herb. 95; Van

Reenens Pass, 5800 ft., November, Wood 4691; without precise locality, Sutherland.

DISTRIBUTION : Orange Free State, Tembuland, Stutterheim, Transvaal.

ALLOPHYLUS Linn.

we PETES RINA es ch calc, EA OE EN AE nea ER ING N N monophylla.

Leaves trifoliate.

Leaflets lanceolate; petiole glabrous; stigmas linear................. erosa.

Leaflets mostly elliptic; petioles pubescent ; stigmas ovate........... africana.

Leaflets obovate or oblanceolate ; petioles pubescent ; stigmas linear... decipiens.

A. monophyllus Radkl.

A large spreading shrub or small tree, 10-30 ft. high and up to 12 in. stem diameter

(ex Sim). Branches with minute mealy pubescence and greyish bark. Leaves simple,

petioled, 2-5-2-3 cm. long, 2-5-8 cm. broad, elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate, acuminate,

subobtuse, slightly narrowed or more rarely subrotund at the base, glabrous above and

beneath, sometimes with tufts of hairs in the angles of the lateral veins beneath, darker

above, with coarsely serrated margins; petiole 1 -3-5 cm. long, terete, minutely pubescent

or almost glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, 4-17 cm. long, sometimes the flowers in groups

of two on short secondary peduncles. Peduncles 1 -5—5 cm. long, terete, minutely pubescent

or glabrous. Pedicels about 1-5 cm. long. Sepals unequal, the smaller 1-5 mm. long,

1 mm. broad, elliptic, rounded above, deeply concave, glabrous; the larger 2 mm. long,

1-75 mm. broad, subrotund, concave, glabrous. Petals 2 mm. long, spathulate, densely

bearded within. Filaments 2-5 mm. long, linear, pilose; anthers 4 mm. long, oblong.

Ovary 1 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, didymous, pubescent; style 0:75 mm. long, terete,

glabrous; stigmas 0-75 mm. long, linear, divergent. Frwt 9 mm. long, 7 mm. in the

diameter, obovate in outline, slightly narrowed at the base, glabrous. Schmidelia mono-

phylla, Presl. Fl. Cap. I, 239. Sim, Forests and Forest Floras, 170, Pl. XXXII, Fig. 3,

S. dregeana, Sond. in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 239.

Without precise locality, Gerrard and McKen. 525, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 726.

Natal: Inanda, April, Wood, 481, and in Colonial Herb., 5678, Tfafa, August (in

fruit), Lansdell in Natal Herb. 16126 ; Imont, Wood, 2468 ; edge of bush at Spring Grange,

c., 800 ft., April, Wood, in Natal Govt. Herb., 11248; without locality, Pappe.

Zululand : Qudeni Forest, 6000 ft., February, Davis 118, and in Natal Govt. Herb.,

8700.

DisTRIBUTION: Komgha, Kentani, East Pondoland,

A. erosus Radkl.

A shrub 4-12 ft. high (ex Sim). Branches glabrous with wrinkled greyish bark.

Leaves petioled, trifoliate, 6-12 cm. long, petiole 2-3 cm. long, channelled above, glabrous ;

leaflets sessile, 3-8-5 cm. long, 9-2-6 cm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed at the base,

glabrous, minutely punctate beneath, with the margins coarsely and bluntly serrate.

Inflorescence an axillary panicle, 4-7 cm. long, the flowers ultimately cymose in groups

of 2-4; peduncle grooved, minutely pubescent or almost glabrous. Pedscels 1 mm. long,

glabrous. Sepals unequal, 1 mm. long, 0:75 mm. broad, obovate, rounded above, con-

cave, glabrous. Petals white, 1 mm. long, 0 75 mm. broad, obovate, suberenate and almost

truncate at the apex, densely bearded within. Filaments (in young flowers) 0-75 mm.

long, linear, pilose; anthers 5 mm. long, oblong in outline. Ovary 1 mm. long, 1-5 mm.

broad, obovate, in outline, pubescent ; style 1 mm. long, terete, glabrous ; stigmas 1 mm.

long, linear, obtuse, divergent. Fruit 5 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter, globose, narrowed

at the base, finely and scantily pubescent, at length glabrous. Schmaidela erosa Arn.

Sond. and Harv. Fl. Cap. I, 239. Sim, Forests and Forest Flora, 169, Pl. XXXII,

Fig. 1. 8S. natalensis, Sonder in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 239.

Natal: Back Beach Bush, near Durban, 20 ft., April, Wood, in Natal Govt. Herb.,

11249. Durban, April, Wood 898, 7841, 10964, and in Colonial Herb., 5693. Catos Creek,

May (in fruit), Wood in Natal Govt. Herb., 2469. Umgeni, August (in fruit), Nate

Collector in Natal Herb., 16218. Port Shepstone, April, Brown 422; without locality,

Saunders; Berea, Wood.

Sim states: “Abundant along the coast, and especially on the coast dunes from

the Fish River to Natal; not found inland. This species is a shrub 4-12 ft. high and often

forms a large proportion of the sea scrub. It stands sea winds where most other shrubs

fail, close to the sea. Its timber is not used and is seldom heavy enough for economic

purposes.”

DISTRIBUTION : East London.

A. melanocarpus Radkl.

A shrub or small tree reaching 20 ft. or more in height (ex Wood). Branches minutely

pubescent, at length becoming glabrous, with greyish bark. Leaves petioled, trifoliate

(45), 22 em. long; petiole 2-2-8-5 cm. long, channelled above, minutely and densely

pubescent ; leaflets darker above, paler beneath, shortly petioled, 2-5-12-5 cm. long,

1-2-4-5 em. broad, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,

obtuse, rounded or more usually narrowed at the base, pubescent above and beneath,

especially on the veins, sometimes almost glabrous, with a prominent mid-rib beneath

and 7-11 lateral veins forming an acute angle with the mid-rib and distinct above, some-

times with distinct tufts of hairs in the angles between the mid-rib and the lateral veins

on the under surface. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, 3-5-12 em. long, with the flowers

ultimately in cymose groups of 3-5 on short peduncles. Peduncle 2—4 cm. long, channelled,

densely pubescent, branches of inflorescence similar to the peduncle. Sepals unequal, the _

smaller 1 mm. long, 0:75 mm. broad, more or less rotund, deeply concave, glabrous ;

the larger 1 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, ovate, rounded above, deeply concave, glabrous.

Petals 1-5 mm. long, spathulate, bearded. Filaments 5 mm. long, linear, densely ciliated ;

anthers 5 mm. long, somewhat obovate in outline. Ovary 7:5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad,

obovate in outline, pubescent, two locular, with a single ovule in each loculus; style

1 mm. long, terete ; stigmas, two, reflexed, 0-75 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute. In

male flowers filaments 1-1-5 mm. long, linear, ciliated ; anthers, 0-5 mm. long, subglobose.

S. africana D.C. Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. 1, 238; Wood, Natal Plants, Pl. 572; Sm,

Forests and Forest Flora, 170, Pl. XX XIII, Fig. 4. S. melanocarpa, Arn. in Hook. Journ.

Bot. II, 153; Sonder in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 238. 8S. leucocarpa, Arn. in Hook.

Journ. Bot. III, 153; Sonder in Harv, and Sond, Fl. Cap. I, 238.

Natal : Near Phoenix Crossing, 400 ft., February, Wood in Natal Govt. Herb., 1373.

Berea, Durban, March, Wood, 11804, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 13648. Woods near

Durban, 150 ft., January, Wood, 22; Port Natal, Drege ; Gueizus, without precise

locality, Gerrard and McKen., 525, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 94; in woods at Inanda,

1800 ft., January, Wood, 827, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 5884. Ixopo, 4000 ft., February,

Schlechter, 6648.

DISTRIBUTION : Rhodesia, Pondoland, Kentani, Swaziland.

A. decipiens Radkl.

Young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age. Leaves petioled, trifoliate

4-8-5 cm. long; petiole 1-3 cm. long, semiterete, pubescent; leaflets 1-6 cm. long,

0:4-2-1 cm. broad, obovate or oblanceolate, obtuse, sometimes rounded at the apex,

cuneate at the base, entire or sometimes remotely crenate, glabrous above and beneath

or pubescent on the mid-rib and primary lateral veins. Inflorescence in stalked axillary

lax racemes, 4-7 cm. long, stalk 1-3 cm. long, pubescent; rachis pubescent. Larger

sepals 1:25 mm. long, 1-75 mm. broad, more or less broadly oblong, concave; smaller

sepals 1-5 mm. long, oblong, deeply concave. Petals 1-5 mm. long, spathulate, truncate

or 2-3-lobed at the apex, with 1—2 processes on the inner face, ciliate. Fulaments 0-5 mm.

long, ciliate; anthers 0-5 mm. long, oblong in outline. Ovary 0-5 mm. long, didymous,

pubescent ; style divided to the middle; stigmas 0:75 mm. long, linear, slightly recurved.

Fruit 6 mm. long, 6 mm. in diameter, globose, glabrous. Schmidelia decipiens, Arn. in

Harv. and Sond., Fl. Cap. I, 239.

Not seen from Natal; stated by Wood to have been collected there by Dregé.

Schmidelia rehmanniana, Szyszy., collected by Rehmann (No. 9038) near Durban, 1

have not seen, but from the description given suspect it to be A. melanocarpus Radkl.

DISTRIBUTION: (Graaff-Reimet, Knysna, Kingwilliamstown, Albany, Uitenhage,

Stockenstroom, Somerset East, Swellendam.

DODONEA LINN. F.

D. viscosa Linn.

Branches glabrous, with reddish bark. Leaves sessile, 4-9-5 cm. long, 1-3 em. broad,

oblanceolate, rounded and obtuse or shortly acuminate and subobtuse at the apex,

narrowed at the base, glabrous, gland-dotted above and beneath, with the mid-rib pro-

minent beneath, entire. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, peduncle glabrous, glandular.

Pedicels 5-9 mm. long, glandular. Sepals unequal, 2-5-3 mm. long, 0 -75-1 -5 mm. broad,

lanceolate or elliptic, obtuse, glandular without, usually three-veined. Petals absent.

Filaments 0-5 mm. long; anthers 1-5 mm. long, 0:75 mm. broad, oblong. Ovary 1-5 mm.

long, 1-5 mm. in diameter, globose, densely glandular, two-locular with two ovules in

each loculus; style 2 mm. long, thick, terete, glabrous, bifid at the apex. Fruit 1 cm.

long, 1-5 cm. broad, transversely oblong, two-winged, two-celled with two seeds in each

cell. Seeds black, 1-5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, discoid, glabrous. Sonder in Harv. and

Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 242.

Natal : Shores of Natal Bay, 50 ft., September, Wood, 7928, and in Natal Govt. Herb.,

2246 ; near Durban, September, Wood, 1928, 484; and in Colonial Herb., 6794.

I find that this species differs from the generic description by having a two-locular

ovary.—(#. P. P.)

HIPPOBROMUS LE. & Z.

H. alata E. & Z.

A small tree, evergreen or nearly so, 10-30 ft. high (ex Sim). Branches minutely

and densely pubescent on the young parts, becoming almost glabrous on the older parts.

Leaves petioled, paripinnate, 3-6-jugate; petiole 0-7-2 cm. long, terete or somewhat

flattened above, densely tomentose; rachis winged, tomentose; leaflets 1-3-5 em. long,

0-7-2 cm. broad, obovate, obtuse, narrowed at the base, unequal sided, giving the leaflet

a falcate appearance, darker above than beneath, glabrous, usually pubescent on the

mid-rib above and beneath, coarsely serrate usually on the convex side, sometimes entire,

with the mid-rib prominent beneath. Inflorescence an axillary raceme shorter than the

leaves, sometimes grouped into a dense terminal panicle. Pedicels 2 mm. long, terete,

densely tomentose. Sepals unequal, 2-5-3 mm. long, 1-75-2-5 mm. broad, elliptic or

subrotund, densely tomentose without, ciliated. Petals 3 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad,

obovate, glabrous. Disc annular. Filaments 2-5-5 mm. long, linear, glabrous, tapering

gradually from the base upwards; anthers 1-5 mm. long, elliptic, in outline. Ovary

rudimentary, tomentose. Fruit 0-7 mm. long, 1 cm. in diameter, three-celled with a

single seed in each cell, pilose. Seeds 5 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter, almost globose,

somewhat flattened or channelled on the inner face, glabrous. Sonder in Harv. and Sond.

Fl. Cap. 1, 241. Sim, Forest and Forest Flora, 172, Pl. XXXIV.

Natal : Stellabush, Durban, September, Van der Byl in Natal Herb., 16243, 16244 ;

without precise locality or collector in Natal Govt. Herb., 93; Verulam, Wood, 606.

Distripution : Port Elizabeth, Kentani, Somerset East, Uitenhage, Albany, Stocken-

stroom.

PTAEROXYLON, EK. & Z.

P. utile K. & Z.

Branches glabrous, youngest with greyish bark, turning dark brown in older branches.

Leaves petioled, pinnately compound, 6-7-jugate, 3-12 cm. long; petiole 1-2-5 cm. long,

minutely pubescent, furrowed above; leaflets 1-3 cm. long, 0-5-1-5 cm. broad, oblong,

obtuse or retuse at the apex, sometimes shortly mucronate, unequal at the base, entire,

with the mid-rib prominent above and beneath and the lateral veins distinct, glabrous.

Inflorescence racemose, massed at the ends of the branches, about 3 cm. long. Pedunele

pubescent. Flowers often in three-flowered cymes on the raceme. Pedicels 4 mm. long,

pubescent, articulated at the base. Bracts 2 mm. long, lanceolate-linear. Calyx 1-5 mm.

long, ovate, subobtuse, pubescent. Petals 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse,

glabrous. Filaments 3 mm. long, linear, gradually narrowing from the base upwards ;

anthers 1:5 mm. long, elliptic in outline, flattened, cordate at the base. In female flowers:

Ovary 1-5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, almost circular in outline, somewhat flattened,

pubescent. Style 1 mm. long, terete, pubescent ; stigma bilobed. discoid. Fruit 1-3 em.

long, oblong in outline, somewhat compressed, dehiscing into two valves; valves deeply

keeled, glabrous.

No specimen from Natal seen.

DISTRIBUTION : Uitenhage, Somerset East, Komgha.

SAPINDUS, LINN.

S. oblongifolius Sond.

Shrub or small tree 6-10 ft. high (ex Wood). Branches minutely pubescent. Leaves

petioled, paripinnate, 4-11-jugate, 18-26 cm. long; petiole 5-11 em. long, terete, glabrous

or sparsely pilose ; leaflets subsessile, 3-5-12-5 cm. long, 1-5-4 cm. broad, lanceolate,

rarely elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, with the mid-rib prominent beneath, entire. Inflorescence

a panicle up to 43 cm. long. Peduncle pubescent, the main axis of the panicle and branches

densely tomentose. Pedicels 3 mm. long, terete, densely tomentose. Calyx 6 mm. long,

4 mm. broad, elliptic in outline, deeply concave, densely tomentose without, long-ciliated.

Petals 6 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, spathulate, densely ciliated, with a flat claw appendage

1 mm. long and 2-25 mm. broad and densely ciliate arising from the inner face. Fala-

ments 2-5 mm. long, linear, long-ciliated ; anthers 1-5 mm. long, oblong. Dzse deeply

saucer-shaped with a rim 1-5 mm. high, thin, more or less triangular in outline with

rounded angles. Ovary 3 mm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, sub-apocarpus, three-locular

with a single ovule in each loculus, densely pilose. In male flowers the filaments are

slightly longer and the ovary rudimentary, otherwise similar to the perfect flowers.

Wood, Natal Plants Pl. 89. Sim, Forests and Forest Flora, 173, Pl. XXXV. Sond. m

Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 240.

Natal: Near Durban, 100 ft., Wood, 1917, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 2213; Berea,

Durban, 100-200 ft., May, Wood, 11869, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 13053; Port Natal,

Saunderson (?). :

Wood states: “In the ‘ Flora Capensis,’ Vol. I, 240, this plant is described as

dicecious. We find, however, that it is certainly polygamous, and plants which in one

season bear a larger number of perfect flowers, in another season bear male ones only,

or with but very few perfect ones.” In the Stellabush at Durban I saw trees well over

20 ft. high. —(#. P. P.)

DISTRIBUTION : Komgha.

BERSAMA, FRESEN.

Mid-rib on lower surface of leaf covered with long straight hairs.......... Stayner.

Mid-rib quite glabrous.

Leaves usually 2-3-jugate; leaflets obovate, usually rounded at the

SEE O WLS ea ey as RE EE RE EK lucens.

Leaves usually 4-jugate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, acute.. abyssinica.

B. Stayneri Phillips.

Bark thick and rough. Branches glabrous, rough with longitudinal furrows. Leaves

pinnate, petioled, 7-16 cm. long, 4—5-jugate; petiole 1-2 cm. long, very densely pilose ;

rachis densely pilose; leaflets 1-7-5-2 cm. long, 0-8-1-5 cm. broad, oblong-lanceolate

or elliptic, acute and mucronate at the apex, rarely rounded, slightly cuneate at the base,

the mid-rib deeply sunk on the under surface, which is frequently somewhat rugose,

prominent beneath and with the lateral veins distinct beneath, glabrous above pilose or

pubescent beneath, especially on the mid-rib. Inflorescence a shortly peduncled many-

flowered raceme, 3-5-6-5 cm. long; peduncle 1-1-5 cm. long, very densely pilose. Bracts

3 mm. long, linear, tomentose. Pedicels 5 mm. long, terete, tomentose. Calyx 6 mm.

long, densely tomentose, divided almost to the base. Petals 1-3 cm. long, 3 mm. broad,

spathulate-linear, tomentose, reflexed in open flowers. Falaments 5 mm. long, semiterete,

monadelphous and villous at the base. Ovary densely villous; style 3 mm. long, terete ;

stigma subglobose. Fruit 2-7-3 cm. long, dehiscing by four valves ; valves woody, covered

with woody protuberances. Seeds reddish in colour, 1-1 cm. long, 6 mm. in diameter,

ellipsoid with a waxy yellow arillus at the base. .

Natal : Without locality, Stayner in Herb. Bolus; Stinkwocd Forest, Ingeli, Natal,

May, Chilvers n Herb. Forest Dept., 1518; Mkanzeni, Riversides, Natal, Henkel in Herb.

Forest Dept., 2421.

B. lucens Szysz.

A shrub 8-10 ft. high (ex Wood). Branches glabrous, with wrinkled greyish bark.

Leaves petioled, compound, imparipinnate, 2—4-jugate, 10-20 cm. long ; petiole 1 -5—5 -5 em.

long, glabrous, rarely pubescent ; leaflets 1-8-9 cm. long, 1 -3-4-5 cm. broad, obovate or

obovate-elliptic, rarely elliptic, very rarely subacute, slightly narrowed at the base,

glabrous, with the mid-rib distinct above, prominent beneath, and with thickened wavy

margins. Inflorescence a lax axillary or terminal raceme, 6-14 -5 cm. long, many-flowered :

peduncle pubescent. Pedicels 0-4-1 cm. long, terete, densely tomentose with fine adpressed

hairs. Bracts 0-5 mm. long, ovate, pubescent. Calyx gamosepalous; lobes 3-4 mm.

long, 2 mm. broad, ovate or ovate-elliptic, obtuse, finely but densely pubescent without

and with fine adpressed hairs within, ciliated; the two posterior lobes connate and bifid

at the apex. Petals dull yellow, 8-5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, above, oblong, obtuse,

narrowed into an evident claw, pubescent. sc unilateral. Filaments all connate at

the base, 1 cm. long, terete, glabrous except at the; base the anterior filaments ciliated

at the base and forming a tomentose shield 3 mm. long and 2-5 mm. broad ; the posterior

filaments ciliated and pubescent at the base; anthers 2-5 mm. long, 1:5 mm. broad,

oblong. Ovary 1 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, subglobose, densely villous, four-locular with

a single ovule in each loculus; style 7 mm. long, cylindric, pubescent on the lower half;

stigma globose, faintly lobed. Fruit 1:7 mm. long, 1-7 cm. in diameter, finely but densely aN

pubescent, four-celled, each cell with a single seed, splitting into four valves when ripe.

Seeds bright scarlet, 7 mm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, subglobose, wrinkled, flat on one

side, convex on the other, with a fleshy yellow-green arillus. Wood, Natal, Pl.88. Sim,

Forests and Forest Flora, 175. Journ. Bot. XLV, p. 18. Natalia lucens, Hochst., Harv. and

Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 369.

Natal: Umbilo, 20-100 ft., May, Wood, 12612, and in Natal Herb., 14571 : near

Verulam, 100-200 ft., January, Wood, 10207, and n Natal Govt. Herb., 11411; Durban Flats,

near Umgeni, September, Wood in Natal Herb., 2868; near Stamford Hill, Wood ; Groen-

berg, February, Wood, 808 ; near Durban, 200-300 ft., March, Wood, 6307 ; without locality,

Saunders ; Palmiet, near Durban, 200 ft., February, Wood, 7392; Port Natal, Gueinzous,

DISTRIBUTION : Swaziland, Transvaal, Kentani, Pondoland, Komgha.

B. abyssinica Fresen.

A tree. Leaves petioled, 18-22 cm. long, pinnate; petiole 4-5 cm. long, terete,

glabrous; rachis sometimes winged between the uppermost pair of leaflets; leaflets

usually in four pairs, 2-5-4 cm. apart, 4-9 cm. long, 1 -7-3-5 cm. broad, oblong-lanceolate

or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, entire or the margins sometimes serrated in the

upper half, glabrous. Inflorescence racemose, 10-20 cm. long on a woody peduncle

5-7 em. long. Calyx campanulate, silky. Petals five, ligulate-spathulate, twice as long

as the calyx, densely and finely silky, finally, reflexed. Stamens five ; in the male flower

nearly as long as the petals; filaments monadelphous, silky. Capsule about 1 cm. long,

1 cm. in diameter, subglobose, 3-4-valved, densely pubescent, without woody protuber-

ances. Seeds 6 mm. long, black.

This description was drawn up partly from a fruiting specimen collected by Schimper

in Abyssinia and partly from the description in the “ Flora of Tropical Africa.”

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A RECORD OF .

CONTRIBUTIONS

NATIONAL HERBARIUM

UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA

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CHIEF, DIVISION OF BOTANY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

; PRETORIA; AND

DIRECTOR OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA

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51. Aphysa Rhynchosiae (Kalch & Cke.) Theiss et Syd.

pou Myce, XV @917), p. 134.

Syn. Stigmatea Rhynchosiae Kalch. & Cke.; Syll. Fung. I, p. 543 (on Rhynchosia

—gibba, Inanda, Natal., leg. Wood).

Parodiella Schimper P. Henn. Bull. Herb. Boiss., I, 1893, p. 118; Syl.

Fung. XI, p. 260 (on Rhynchosia elegans and Vigna sp. Hritrea).

On Rhynchosia gibba, Umkomaas, Natal, 25.4.19, Bottomley [11884].

On Rhynchosia spp., Durban, 25.5.97, Medley Wood [356]; Durban, 15.6.15,

Lansdell [9015]; Kentani, 29.9.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 2357) [9116]; Inanda, Medley

Wood [9478]; Kowie, 15.7.19, Doidge [12362]; Howiesons Poort, 12.7.19, Doidge

[12381].

On Dolichos gibhosus, Van Stadens Pass, 13.11.17, Doidge [10864].

Epiphyllous, forming spots 1-2 mm. diameter, which are made up of numerous minute

black points. Each point represents a hemispherical, subcuticular perithecium, 170 yu in

diameter and about 60 v high. Free mycelium wanting. Basal line brown, thin, 0°5 u

thick, lying flat on the outer wall of the epidermis ; the outer membrane convex, remaining

covered by the cuticle, 6-7 » thick, parenchymatous, without any decided radial orientation

except at the periphery. Asci basal, somewhat converging towards the ostiole, sessile,

aparaphysate, somewhat thickened round the apex, 42-48 x 12-15 uy, eight-spored.

Spores distichous, ellipsoid, two-celled, not constricted, rounded at both ends, light, grey-

brown, 7-10 « 4 u.

52. Catacauma Schotiae n. sp.

On leaves of Schotia speciosa : Humewood, Port Elizabeth, 23.3.12, Doidge [2294].

Stromata epiphyllous, scattered, minute, black, convex, (“3-04 mm. diameter, round

or oval, unilocular. Loculus developing between the epidermis and the palisade tissue,

and with its base resting on the latter which becomes concave, ellipsoid, 300-350 u diameter,

100-120 vu high in the centre; epidermal clypeus black, opaque, 30-40 u thick, and covered

by thick cuticle which is 15-16 p thick : the clypeus does not always extend over the whole

length of the loculus, being 200-250 uv. long, lateral and basal w alls of loculus consisting

of delicate hyphae which are laterally compressed. Asci paraphysate, oblong or ellipsoid,

tapering somewhat to the rounded apex, eight-spored, sessile, 80-87 x 17-20 u. Spores

distichous, hyaline, continuous, ellipsoid, rounded at both El 20-24 < 6-7 y

Catacauma Schotiae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, sparsa, minuta, atra, convexa, subepidermales, 0°3-0°4 mm.

diametro unilocularia. Loculli ellipsoidei, 300-350 diametro, 100-120 u alti; clypeo —

atro, opaco, 30-40 y crasso. Asci paraphvsati, cylindracei v. ellipsoidei, octospori, sessiles,

80-87 x 17-20 vu. Sporae distichae, hvalinae, continuae, ellipticae, utrinque rotundatae,

20-24 x 6-7

Hab. in foliis Schotiae speciosae, Port Elizabeth, 23.3.12, leg. Doidge [2294]

53. Dictyochorella Andropogonis n. sp.

On leaves of Andropogon nardus, Tug la Valley, near Goodoo, Natal, 16.5.20, Doidge

[14104].

Stromata thickly strewn on the leaf surface, small, oval to elliptic, 4—1 mm. long,

visible on both surfaces, slightly convex, loculi mostly opening towards the upper leaf

surface ; often a number of stromata arising close together become confluent and form

streaks up to 5 mm. long in which the separate stromata can still be distinguished. Stromata

with one or few locul. Loenli occupying the whole of thickness of leaf, 190- 240 v. diameter

' 160-190 u high. Clypeus over apex of locul black, di about 30 u thick, extending

fonpidarably bevond loculus on each side : basal clypeus 20-25 u thick ; when the loculus

does not reach basal clypeus. then the intervening space is filled with brown hyphae ; lateral

walls (and basal where there is no clypeus) up to 20 y thick and composed of brown compact

angular cells. Stylospores brown, oval, elliptic or pyriform; with a central (2) vacuole,

8-10 x 8-4 yu. Asci paraphvsate, cvlindrical, rounded at apex, eight-spored, 80-90 x

12-13 u. Spores distichous or obliquely monostichous, with three or occasionally four

transverse septa, constricted at septa, tapering towards rounded at ends, two central cells

broader than terminal ones and one or both with a somewhat oblique longitudinal septum,

15-17 x 6-7 p, fuscous-olivaceous, sometimes only one central cell has a septum and it

is then broader than the other.

Dictyochorella Andropogonis Doidge. n. sp.

Stromata dense disposita, minuta, elliptica v. suborbicularia 4-1 mm. longa, in utraque

foliorum pagina visibiha. Loculi uni v. pauci in quoque stromate, 190-240 diametro,

160-190 u alti, clypeo amphigeno atro, OBO, circ. 30 uy Crasso. Asci paraphysati, cylin-

dracei, apice rotundati, octospori, 80-90 x 12-13 y. Sporae distichae v. oblique monstichae,

transverse 3-rare, 4-septatate, ad septa constrictae, loculis 1-2 plerumque mediis septo

singulo longitudinale divisi , fuscae v. olivaceae, 15-17 « 6-7 wu.

Hab. in foliis Andropogonis nardi, Tugela Vallev, Natal, 16.5.20, leg. Doidge [14104].

54. Phaeodothis stenostoma (FIL. et 'Tr.) Theiss et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 596.

Syn. Phyllachora stenostoma Ell. et Tracy, Journ. of Myc., 1890, p. 76; Syll.

Fung. IX, p. 1029.

On Panicum martmum, Bluff, Durban, 7.7.11, Doidge [1611].

Stromata oval, about 600 vy long, 300-400 p. broad, cr subcircular 4-1 mm. diameter,

very irregular in outline, usually visible on both sides of the leaf, gen only on one 2E

and surrounded by a small, pale ring, later forming elliptic groups 3-1 cm. long and 3 4 cm.

broad. A dark epidermal clvpeus is developed in both leaf surfaces. Locuh, flattened=

spherical, often irregular in shape, mostly 170 u diameter, 120-130 u high, locular wall

composed of delicate, light brown hyphae, fusing at the apex with the clypeus, 12-14 u

thick. Asci cylindrical, parietal, paraphysate, briefly pedicellate, 52-60 x 7-8 u. Spores

obliquely monostichous or subdistichous, oblong, club-shaped, fuscous, rounded at both

ends, straight, 12-14 « 4-4} u, somewhat constricted at the septum,

55. Phaeodothis Tristachyae Syd.

man. Vive. (1912). DE AD

On leaves of Tristachya leucothrir, Mooi River, Natal, 15.4.11, Burtt-Davy [1470].

Stromata amphigenous, scattered or in short series, oblong or linear, 1-1 mm. long,

flat, black, opaque; loculi numerous, minute, 100-150 yu diameter. Asei cylindrical,

somewhat obtuse at the apex, 45-70 x 6-12 uw, eight- spored. Paraphyses numerous,

filiform. Spores monostichous or distichous, fusiform, 1-septate, loculi equal, not or very

slightly constricted, olivaceous-brown, 12-133 x 3-4 u, each cell 1-2 guttulate.

56. Phyllachora Crotonis (Cke.) Sacc.

eee Bome HE p soo mr. Mye, OV (ou) p. Daa.

Syn. Jothidea Crotonis Cke., Grevillea X, p. 129.

Phyllachora crotonicola Rehm., Hedwigia X XIX, 1890, p. 110; Syll. Fung. IX,

p- GOF.

Phyllachora Julocrotoms Bres., Hedwigia, XX XV, 1896, p. 360; Syll. Fung.

XIV, p. 668.

On leaves of Croton sylvaticum, Inanda, Natal, January, 1881, Medley Wood (Wood

No. 406) [9489].

Stromata visible on both sides of the leaf, 4—1 mm. diameter, round, convex on both

surfaces, on the upper surface smooth, shiny, often becoming more or less coalescent, and

then up to 1 mm. in diameter and more or less irregular in outline. Single stromata uni-

locular, scattered irregularly over leaf surface. Loculi with an upper and lower epidermal

clypeus which is no broader than the loculus. The lateral walls are not so well developed

and are lieht brown. Loculi 200-300 u diameter, spherical. Asci cylindrical to somewhat

club- -shaped, paraphysate, briefly pedicellate, 60—70 x 10-14 u. Spores distichous, one-

celled colourless, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, 14-16 x 7-9 p.

57. Phyllachora Cynodontis (Sacc.) Niessl.

Not. Pyren., p. 54; Syll. Fung. II, p. 602; Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 447.

Syn. Physalospora Cynodontis Del., Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr., 1890, p. 183; Syll. Fung. IX,

ie DAY.

Phyllachora graminms var. Cynodontis, Sacc. Rabh. F. Hur., 2441.

On Cynodon dactylon, Pretoria, 12.7.03, Burtt-Davy [145 and 170]: Groenkloof,

Pretoria, 3.5.10, Burtt-Davy [9171; Cedara, Natal, 18.1.11, Fisher [1172]; Vereeniging,

8.6.10, Burtt-Davy [935]; Bloemfontein, 6.4.17, Potts [11311].

On Cynodon incompletus, Pretoria, 19.5.06, Pole Evans EA (OG ik Masia:

Stromata round-angular, scattered, (0:3-05 mm. diameter, sometimes coalescing,

slightly convex, black. Clypeus epidermal, opaque, only on upper side of the stroma, and

usually epiphyllous; on both sides of the leaf, but then the basal clypeus is shorter and

not so well developed. Locul small, spherical, 160-18C u diameter, usually not penetrating

right through the leaf, with a thin delicate wall, scattered or in small groups. Asci para-

physate, cylindrical, club-shaped, pedicellate, 50-60 x 12-15 u. Spores hyaline, mono-

stichous or distichous, oval-ellipsoid, 10-12 « 54-6 u

58. Phyllachora Evansii Syd.

ami Myc, Me (1912) p. AO VX (1915), p. 459.

On Selaria sulcata, Barberton, March, 191i, Pole Evans [1280]; Durban, 21.3.19,

Bottomley [12231]; Isipingo, Natal, 27.3.18, Bottomley [11659].

On Setaria marirostris, Vereeniging, Transvaal, 26.2.17, Burtt- Davy [10021].

On Setaria aurea, Barberton, 20.1.12, Doidge [2012] : Garstfontein, Pretoria District,

26 3.11, Pienaar [1265].

Stromata visible on both sides of the leaf, scattered or in rows, on yellowish leaf spots,

ellipsoid, 4-1 «x 4-4 mm., dull black ; clypeus in both upper and lower epidermis, 20 u

thick, opaque. Locul few, ellipsoid, 100-150 u high, 260-230 u diameter, with thinner,

delicate, brown lateral walls. Asci cylindrical, club-shaped, 70-120 x 8-12 »; paraphysis

numerous. Spores mono- or distichous, ellipsoid to oblong, rounded at both ends, straight,

colourless, 14-18 x 6-8 vu. Conidia filiform or sickle-shaped, 15°25 x 1 wu.

59. Phyllachora lucens (Cke.) Sacc.

Syll. Fung. I, p. 600; Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 562.

Syn. Dothidea lucens Cke., Grevillea X, p. 128.

On leaves, Inanda, Natal, 1881, Medley Wood (Wood No. 581) [9487 and 10443].

Stromata unilocular, punctiform, only visible on the upper leaf surface, convex, black,

shining, thickly crowded on yellow leaf spots, 6-10 mm. in diameter. Loculi flattened

spherical, 220— 260 u diameter, 130-160 u high; the base does not reach as far as the lower

epidermis : the loc ular wall is 8-10 u thick, consisting of brown cells, but weakly developed,

and here and there not very distinct : at the apex it unites with the short black epidermal

clypeus. Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, eight-spored, briefly pedicellate, 60-70 x 8-12 u.

Spores distichous or obliquely monostichous, oblong, colourless, one-celled, straight, with

blunt ends, 13-15 x 43-53 u.

60. Phyllachora Penniseti Syd.

Ann. Myce. XIII (1915), p. 39 (on leaves Pennisetum Benthami, Congo).

On leaves of Pennisetum sphacelatum, Tugela Valley, near Goodoo, Natal, 16.5.20,

Doidge {14102}.

Stromata oonspie uous on both leaf surfaces, scattered or crowded and arranged in rows,

round or oblong, }—l mm. long, or forming larger stromata by confluence, black, opaque,

plurlocular. Loe vali irregular, large, 280-400 u long, 200-300 u high. Clypeus in both upper

and lower epidermis, 15-25 g thick, lateral wall of loculus 8—LO » broad, brown: stylospores

straight or flexuous, continuous, filiform, hyaline, 18-35 x 1 u. Asci clavate, rounded

at the apex, 70-95 » 20-26 u, elsht-spored, paraphysate ; spores dishes or obliquely

monostichous, broadly row nded at both ends, continuous, hyaline, 17-24 x 11-18 u.

61. Phyllachora heterospora |’. Henn.

Syll. Fung. XXII, p. 425; Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 453.

On leaves of Panicum maximum, Bluff, Durban, 7.7.11, Doidge [1611]; Kentani,

1.5.14, Pegler [7773]; Kentani, Mav, 1915, Pegler (Pegler No. 1953) [9095].

On Panicum sp., Barberton, 22.8.12, V. d. Bijl [5137].

Both leaf surfaces are comparatively thickly beset with stromata, which are round

or elliptic, }-1 mm. diameter, convex, somewhat shiny, not usually coalescing, and not

situated on discoloured leaf areas, the whole leaf becomes yellow. Clypeus epidermal,

20 u thick, on one or both leaf surfaces. Loculi about 4-10 in each stroma; when the

stroma Is only on one side of the leaf, occupying about two-thirds of its thickness, closely

crowded, 180-230 u diameter, 160 » high. When two stromata occur at the same point

on opposite sides of the leaf the loculi only reach the centre. Wall brown, about 10 u thick.

Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, 60-80 x 10-16 u, eight-spored ; spores mostly distichous,

ellipsoid, tapering somewhat to both ad. but rounded, one-celled, hyaline, 13-17 X 7-8 u.

62. Phyllachora Tecleae n. sp.

On leaves of Teclea natalensis, 5.6.15, Kentani, Pegler (Pegler No. 2324) [9079].

Stromata in small groups on yellow leaf spots, developing on both sides of the leaf,

with a preference for the upper surface, visible on both leaf surfaces, oval, ellipsoid or

almost round, 0°5 to 2°5 mm. long, black, somewhat shiny, raised on both surfaces, but not

convex, groups of stromata are often oval or elliptic in outline between the lateral veins.

The normal thickness of the leaf is about 240 u, the thickness of the stroma is 300-400 u..

Loculi occupying the whole thickness of the leaf, flattened spherical, 300-400 u diameter;

epidermal clypeus on both leaf surfaces very thick, black, opaque, on the upper surface

40-50 u thick ; basal clypeus thinner, 23— 25 u; lateral wall consisting of thin, delicate,

laterally compressed hyphae ; leaf tissue between the loculi permeated in every dire ction

by brown hyphal threads. Asci richly paraphysate, cylindrical, eight-spored, with a short

foot, 80-90 x 10-13 u. Spores obliquely monostichous, one-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid or

subfusoid, tapering to each end, but rounded not pointed at ends, 13-17 x 5-6 n

Phyllachora Tecleae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena plerumque epiphylla, maculis flavidulis insidentia, elliptica y.

suborbicularia, 0°5-2°5 mm. diametro atra, parum nitidula. Loculi suborbiculares,

300-400 u diametro, clypeo epidermale amphigeno, atro, opaco, 40-50 yw crasso. Asci

coplose pataphysati, cylindracei, octospori, 80-90 « 10-13 vu. Sporae oblique monostichae,

continuae, hyalinae, ellipsoidae v. sub-fusoidae, utrinque attenuatae sed rotundatae,

13-17 X 5-6°5 u

Hab. in foliis Tecleae natalensis, Kentani, 5.6.15, leg. Pegler [9079].

63. Phyllachora Tricholaenae P. Henn.

Enel. Bot. Jahrb. XXIII, p. 541; Syll. Fung. XIV, p. 672; Ann. Myce. XV (1917),

p. 461.

On leaves of Tricholaena rosea, Winklespruit, Natal, 14.2.13, Pole Evans [5641].

Stromata oval, black, shining, slightly convex, scattered or crowded, 4-1 mm. long,

clypeus formed in epidermis of both leaf surfaces, but is more extensive on the side of the

apex of the loculus than on the basal side. Loculi delimited at base and apex by the

opaque clypeus, lateral walls thinner and more delicate. Loculi spherical, about 240 u

diameter; asci club-shaped, pedicellate, 55-60 x 15-18 u, paraphysate. Spores distichous,

elliptic, abruptly rounded at ends, 12-13 x 7-8 u.

64. Telimena Arundinariae n. sp.

On leaves of Arundinaria tesselata, Goodoo Bush, Natal, 20.5.20, Doidge [14103.]

Stromata on yellow leaf spots. scattered or more rarely in groups, minute, oval to

ellipsoid, 0°5-0°7 mm. long, dull black, convex on upper leaf surface, penetrating through

leaf and becoming visible as minute, dull-black specks on the lower surface. Loculi usually

one, sometimes two in each stroma, 120-180 u diameter, 100-120 u high, occupying from

three-quarters to whole of thickness of leaf, with a dark epidermal clypeus on the upper

side, 15-20 u thick; when the loculus occupies whole thickness of leaf there is also a clypeus

developed in the lower epidermis ; remainder of locular wall composed of delicate, laterally

compressed hyphae. Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, rounded at apex, eight-spored, briefly

stipitate, 100-120 x 15-18°5 u.

Spores obliquely monostichous or distichous, cylindrical, fusiform, tapering somewhat

to both ends, four-celled, cells subequal in length, or middle cells somewhat larger than the

terminal ones, hyaline or subhvaline, 27-33 « 8-9°5 u

Telimena Arundinariae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphvlla, maculis flavidulis insidentia, sparsa v. gregaria, minuta, elliptica,

atra, 9°5 (7 mm. longa, loculos 1—2 includentia, in hypophylJa etiam conspicua. Loculi

120-18C vu diametro, 100-120 u alti, clypeo epiphyllo v. amphigeno, atro, 15-20 u crasso.

Asci cylindracei, paraphysati, apice rotundati, octospori, breviter pedicellati, 100-120 x

15-185 u. Sporae oblique monostichae v. distichae, cylindraceae v. fusiformae, parum

utringue attenuatae, 3-septatae, hyalinae v. sub-hyalinae, 27-33 x 8-8°5 u.

Hab. in folus Arwndinariae tesselatae, Natal, 20.5.20, leg. Doidge [14103].

65. Telimena corticicola n. sp.

On woody stems of Helichrysum sp., Alice, C.P., 18.11.17, Doidge [10975].

Stromata scattered irregularly on the greyish bark, minute, dull black, oval to narrow

ellipsoid, 0°5 to 0°8 mm. long, somewhat convex, unilocular, or with few loculi sunken in the

cortex, not erumpent. Loculi oval to flattened spherical, opening by an apical pore,

300-340 vu diameter, 200-240 p high, fusing at the apex with the black, opaque, clypeus

which is 18-20 u thick and extends beyond the apex of the loculus a distance of 300-400 u.

The space between the clypeus and the upper part of the loculus 1s filled with a black opaque

hyphal weft similar to that forming the clypeus, and from this a few dark hyphae run out

into the substratum. The lower part of the locular wall consists of delicate, almost colour-

less hyphae, which are strongly compressed laterally. Asci paraphysate, cylindrical,

rounded at the apex, very briefly pedicellate, 80-110 20-23 u, rather thick walled. Spores

distichous, colourless. cylindrical, rounded at both ends, four-celled, primary cross-wall

in the centre, each of two primary cells being later divided in the centre by a secondary

wall. Thick walled, wall about 2 » thick, outer edge smooth, inner curving inward to meet

transverse walls and giving the spore the appearance of being constricted, 24-27 « 10-13 u.

Telimena corticicola Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata sparsa, corticicola, atra, elliptica, 0°5-0°8 mm. longa, leniter convexa,

loculos paucos includentia. Loculi ovati v. suborbiculares, 800-400 u diametro, 200-240 u

alti, clypeo opaco, i8-20 yw crasso. Asci paraphysati, cylindracei, apice rotundatae,

brevissime pedicellati, 80-110 ~« 20-23 yu. Sporae distichae, hyalinae, cylindraceae,

utrinque rotundatae, 3-septatae, 24-27 « 10-13 u.

Hab. in corticis Helichrysi sp., Alice, C.P., 18.11.17, leg. Doidge [10975].

66 Systremma Pterocarpi n. sp.

On leaves and twigs of Pterocarpus ceriseus, Khami Ruins, Rhodesia, 14.7.20,

Bottomley [14101].

Leaf stromata epiphyllous, rarely hypophyllous, scattered, situated on yellowish leaf

spots, dull black, round or ellipsoid, 1-15 mm. diameter, 450-600 u high, usually with

a concentric zone of secondary stromata with a radius of about 1 mm. from centre of primary

stroma. Stromata on twigs and midribs of leaves similar, but usually oval to ellipsoid,

somewhat larger and without secondary stromata.

The stromata arise between the epidermis and the palisade cells, the cuticle becomes

arched, and a dark-brown epidermal clypeus is formed. The base is also composed of

small dark cells, and rests on the palisade cells, but the central part of the stroma is formed

of paler, more delicate tissue in which are produced one large and a number of smaller conidia!

loculi more or less spherical but irregular in size. The conidia are round, oval, pyriform,

somewhat angular, brown, and 2-7 » diameter. The conidial stroma attains a height of

150-250 u, and does not rupture the cuticle. The ascostroma arises from beneath the

conidial stroma, and is similar to it in structure, the latter is pushed up and the cuticle

ruptured, its dark base forming the covering layer of the ascostroma. Loculi few, sphericai

to ellipsoid, or pyriform, 120-200 u diameter. Asci numerous aparaphysate, eight-spored,

thin-walled, evanescent, oblong-cylindrical, about 70 x 10 4. Spores mono-half distichous,

two-celled, brown, cylindrical, with blunt ends, slightly constricted, 10-13°3 « 5-6°3 u,

upper loculus 6-8°6 u, lower 3°3-5 u long.

Systremma Pterocarpi Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, rartus hypophylla, maculis flavidulis insidentia, atra, orbicularia

y. elliptica, 1-1°5 mm. diametro, 450-600 u alta, subepidermalia. Loculi pauci, orbiculares,

elliptici v. pyriformi, 120-200 u diametro. Asci numerosi, aparaphysati, octospori, oblongi

v. cylindracei, 70 x 10 u. Sporae monostichae v. subdistichae, 1-septatae, brunneae,

cylindracei, utrinque subtruncatae, leniter constrictae, 10-13°3 x 5-6°3 1; loculo supero

majore 6-8°6 u longo, infero 3°3-5 u longo.

Hab. in foliis caulisque Pterocarpi cerisei, Khami Ruins, Rhodesia, 14.7.20, leg.

Bottomley [14101 .. a

67. Teratosphaeria fikrillosa Syd.

Ane. Myer X92) 2p. 395° XV (191), pis6ol.

On leaves of Protea grandiflora, Bains Kloof, near Wellington, 26.2.11, Doidge [1217] ;

21.2.12, Doidge [2059]; 5.4.12, Stoneman [2232].

Loculi ellipsoid or pyriform, perithecium-like, 150-220 » diameter, sunken under the

epidermis, arranged in centrifugal, irregularly branched, ine lines, to a diameter

of 1 cm. Locular wall consisting of concentric laters of delicate stromatic hyphae.

Apex of loculus penetrating the epidermis but not protruding. No true ostiole. Vegetative

stroma meagre, penetrating into the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll below the epidermis

in the form of perpendicular hyphal strands. At the apex the hyphae also penetrate the

adjacent epidermal cells, but without forming a clypeus. Asci basal, quite sessile, club-

shaped, thickened round apex, 70-110 x 25-35 u, aparaphysate, eight-spored. Spores

distichous or tristichous cylindrical, straight, medially slightly constricted at the septum,

light-brown, rounded at both ends, 42-52 « 8-9 u.

GR. Meliola capensis (K. & Cke.) Th.

Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 19; Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr,, V, p. 781.

Syn. Asterina capensis K. & Cke., Grevillea 9, p. 32.

This fungus occurs commonly on gr ee alatus. Its mycelial setae were described

as being straight, simple, opaque, 200-400 « 5-10 Us pellucid near the acute apex.

Examination of a large number of collections shows pee in the majority at least 50 per cent.

of the setae are forked at the apex. The apex of the setae should therefore be described

as simple, acuminate, or with two to three acute teeth. | Fig. 2.)

“ly

69. Meliola Carissae n. sp.

Amphigenous, forming irregular spots 5-6 mm. diameter or larger areas by confluence.

Mycelium forming an irregular network, branches opposite, anastomosing. Hyphae

slightly undulate, 6-7 » thick, not infrequently constricted at septa, cells 20-30 u long;

capitate hyphopodia alternate, 20-30 « 10-13 u, terminal cell variable in form, sometimes

club-shaped or sublobed, but most frequently truncate. Mucronate hyphopodia not very

numerous, unilateral or alternate, with a short thick neck, 18-20 x 6-7 u. Mycelial setae

fairly numerous, simple, straight, 550-700 u long, 9-10 u thick at base, and tapering very

oradually to the blunt apex, black and opaque at base, but becoming brown and slightly

translucent near apex. Perithecia not very numerous, 180-200 u diameter, spherical,

black, surface cells slightly convex. Asci two-spored, evanescent, spores four-septate,

oblong, slightly constricted, rounded at both ends, brown, 43-47 x 16°5-20 u. [Fig. 1.]

On leaves of Carissa arduina, Pirie Forest, Kingwilliamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [122961 ;

Van Stadens, C.P., 13.11.17, Doidge [10870]; Bathurst, C.P., 14.7.19, Doidge [12341] ;

Kowie, C.P., 15.7.19, Doidge [12361].

Meliola Carissae Doidge, nov. sp.

Amphigena, maculas irregulares, 5-6 mm. diametro formans; hyphis subundulatis,

6-7 uw crassis, nonnunquam ad septa constrictis, cellulis, 20-30 u long, ramis oppositis,

anastomosantibus; hyphopodiis capitatis alternis, 20-30 “ 10-13 u, cellula superiore

Fig 2.

variabile, aut clavata v. sublobata aut truncata; hyphopodiis mucronatis paucis, uni-

lateralibus v. alternis, 18-20 « 6-7 u; setis mycelicis satis numerosis, rectis, simplicibus,

550-700 u longi, basi opaco, 9-10 yu crassis, apice obtuse sensim attenuatis ; peritheciis

180-200 u diametro, ascis bisporis ; sporis 4-septatis, oblongis, leniter constrictis, utrinque

rotundatis, brunneis, 43-47 & 16°5-20 u.

Hab. in foliis Carissae arduinae, Pirie Forest, 8.7.19, leg. Doidge [12296].

70. Meliola dracoenicola Pat. et Har.

Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. XXIV (1908), p. 14, Sace. ; Syll. Fung. XXII, p. 56.

On leaves of Behnia reticulata, Louis Trichardt, 8.5.19, Putterill [11848].

This fungus was originally described from the Congo on Dracoena sp.; it has not been

previously recorded from South Africa.

Amphigenous, black, forming spots 2-5 mm. diameter, easily detachable from the

leaf surface. Hyphae brown, straight, 7-9 g thick ; cells 17-20 u long. :; branches opposite,

numerous, anastomosing ; capitate hyphopodia alternate or unilateral, stipitate, 17-20 x

10-13 u, stipe cell short, cylindrical, 5-7 » long, head cell globular ; mucronate hyphopodia

numerous, alternate or opposite, interspersed with the capitate hyphopodia, pyriform or

ampulliform with a straight or curved neck, 15-20 x 6-7 u. Mycelial setae very numerous,

erect, abruptly geniculate at the base or taking a broad curve upwards, opaque, 250-350 u.

long, 10-11°5 wu thick, dividing near the apex into two or three short spreading branches,

10-17 u long, each of these being divided at the apex into two or three small tapering

branches, 6-10 u long, occasionally the latter are themselves bidentate. Perithecia not

numerous, black, carbonaceous, globose, 250-300 u diameter. Spores straight, brown,

cylindrical, four-septate, constricted obtuse, 43-46 «x 16 u. [Fig. 3.]

71. Meliola oleicola n. sp.

Sub. M. amphitricha, Proc. Roy. Soc., South Africa, V, p. 733.

Amphigenous, forming round, dull-black spots, 2-4 mm. diameter, or greater areas

by confluence. Mycelium olivaceous, very freely branched and interwoven; branches

$ se

Fig. 3.

opposite, anastomosing ; capitate hyphopodia alternate, stipitate, 26-30 u long, terminal

cell ovate or club-shaped, straight or somewhat curved, 18-20 x 10 u, stipe cell short, closely

appressed to or forming an acute angle with the branch. Mucronate hyphopodia on

separate branches, opposite, alternate or unilateral, slender ampulliform, base not much

wider than curved neck, 20-23 x 6-7 u. Mycelial setae rather numerous, scattered,

simple, straight or slightly flexuous, 240-300 vu. long, 9-10 u thick at base, opaque up to

acute apex. Perithecia not very numerous, globose, 220-250 uv. diameter, verrucose : surface

cells convex. Asci two to four spored, early evanescent. Spores oblong, four-septate,

very slightly constricted, broadly rounded at both ends, chestnut-brown when mature,

45-50 x 20-23 u. [Fig. 4.]

On leaves of Olea laurifolia, Buccleuch, Natal, 17.7.18, Doidge [11557]; Lemana,

Zoutpansberg District, 7.8.11, Doidge [1835]; Tabankulu, Pondoland, 4.4.15 [9103];

Woodville Forest, George, 11.11.17, Doidge [10937].

On Olea Pegleri, Kentani, 29.8.14, Pegler (Pegler 1948) [8382-8785 |.

On Oleaceae (2), Woodbush, Zoutpansberg District, 4.8.11, Doidge [1767].

Meliola oleicola Doidge, nov. sp.

Amphigena, maculas atras orbiculares 2-4 mm. diametro formans. Mycelium ramosum,

intertextum, ramis oppositis anastomosantibus, hyphopodiis capitatis alternis, stipitatis,

26-3C u long, cellula superiore ovata v. clavata, recta v. leniter curvata, 18-20 x 10 u;

cellula infertore breve, hyphopodiis mucronatis oppositis, alternis v. unilateralibus,

ampullaceis, 20-23 « 6-7 vy: setis mycelicis satis numerosis, sparsis, opacis, rectis v.

leniter flexuosis, simplicibus, 240-200 py, long, basi 9-10 vy crassis, apice acutis. Peritheeia |

globosa, 222-250 u diametro, verrucosa. Asci 2-4 spori, mox evanescentes. Sporae .

oblongae 4-septatae, leniter constrictae, utringue rotundatae, 45-50 x 20-23 uy.

Hab. in foliis Oleae laurifoliae. Buccleuch, Natal, 17.7.18, leg. Doidge [11557].

ye 4

lt]. +f

‘

72. Meliola Panici Karle.

Muhlenbergia, 1901, p. 12, Sacc.; Syll. Fung. XVIT, p. 550.

On leaves of Stipa dregeana var. elongata, Langholm Estates, Bathurst District, 14.7.19,

Doidge [12358].

The type specimen was collected in Porto Rico, and this species has not previously

been recorded from South Africa. The original description is as follows :—

Forming minute spots 1-3 mm. diameter, which often become confluent. Hyphae

6-8 u thick, sparingly branched. Capitate hyphopodia usually alternate and forming

a broad angle with the hyphae, 16-20 « 6-8 p, terminal cell broader than long, irregular,

usually three to four lobed. Mucronate hyphopodia numerous, opposite, inserted at right

angles, broadly ampulliform, paler, 12 u long. Mvcelial setae numerous, straight, simple,

obtuse, obscurely septate, opaque, 400-600 x 8-10 p, tapering gradually towards the apex.

Perithecia scattered, black, three to four spored, evanescent. Spores cylindrical, com-

pressed, four-septate, slightly constricted, rounded at both ends, 40 x 12 x 8 u.

The South African specimen differs slightly from the above description in that the

mycelium is rather dense and copiously branched and anastomosing; the cells of the

hyphae are rather short, 13-16 u long. [Fig. 5.]

73. Irene Zeyheri n. sp.

Amphigenous, forming thin black spots 2-4 mm. diameter, or larger areas by confluence ;

mycelium not dense, forming an irregular network; branches opposite or irregular,

anastomosing. Hyphae straight or somewhat sinuous, 6-6°5 yp thick ; cells 20-30 u long;

capitate hyphopodia alternate, 18-23 u long, terminal cell very variable in form, lobed in

various ways, 6-14 vy. broad at apex ; mucronate hyphopodia opposite or unilateral, inter-

spersed with the capitate hyphopodia; ampulliform 16-20 x 6-7 u. Mycelial setae

none. Perithecia scattered, spherical, black, carbonaceous, 190-220 u diameter, surface

cells convex. Asci two-spored, evanescent, spores oblong, brown, four-septate, slightly

‘constricted, rounded at both ends, 39-44 x 16-18 uy,

ET ;

Fig.5

On leaves of Eugenia Zeyher, Howiesons Poort, 12.7.17, Doidge [12388]; Pirie

Forest, 8.7.19, Doidge [12272]; Van Stadens Pass, 13.11.17, Doidge [10878].

Irene Leyheri Doidge, n. sp.

Amphigena, maculas, tenues, atras formans. Mycelium effusum, hyphis rectis v.

leniter sinuosis, 6-6°5 vu crassis, ramis oppositis v. irregularibus, anastomosantibus ; hypho-

podiis capitatis alternis, 18-23 » longis, cellula superiore varia, lobata, apice 6—14 u lata ;

hyphopodiis mucronatis oppositis v. unilateralibus, ampullaceis 16-20 x 6-7 uw: setis

mycelicis nullis. Perithevia sparsa, globosa, atra, 190-220 ru diametro. Asci bispori.

Sporae oblongae, brunneae, 4-septatae, leniter constrictae, utrinque rotundatae,

39-44 X 16-18 u.

74. Calothyrium Psychotriae n. sp.

Hypophyllous, forming thin, rusty-brown patches 10-12 mm. diameter Mycelium

fuscous, branching and anastomosing irregularly, hyphae about 5 u thick, without hyphopodia.

Thyriothecia in groups, very pale, flattened hemispherical, or irregular in shape on account

of lateral pressure of adjacent thyriothecia, 400-430 u diameter; composed of radiating

hyphae 4-5 » thick, margin entire, but more or less undulate. Asci fairly numerous,

paraphysate, eight-spored, spherical or somewhat pyriform, 50-53 u diameter, or

60-64 x 30 u. Spores conglobate, hyaline thick-walled, two-celled, slightly constricted,

oblong, rounded at both ends, cells subequal, 26-29 x 11°5-13 u

On leaves of Psychotria capensis (same leaves as Meliola amphi icha). 10.7 11, Aman-

Zimtoti, Natal, Doidge [1575].

Calothyrium Psychotriae Doidge, nov. sp.

Hypophyllis, maculas tenues, 10-12 mm. diametro formans. Mycelium fuscum, -

ramosum, hyphis cire. 5 u crassis, hyphopodus nullis. Thyriothecia gregaria rotundata v.

Fig.6.

mutua pressione angulata v. compressa, 400-430 p diametro, radiatim ex hyphis 4-5 p

crassis contexta, ad ambitum haud fimbriata. Asci paraphysati, octospori, globosi v.

subpyriformi, 50-53 u diametro vel 60-64 ` 30 yp. Sporae *conglobatae, hyalmae,

1-septatae, leniter constrictae, oblongae, utrinque rotundatae, 26- 29 x 11°5-13 pw.

Hab. in foliis Psuchotriae capensis, Amanzimtoti, Natal, 10.7. 11, leg. Doidge [1575].

75. Asterina :rotonicola n. sp.

On leaves of Ed rivularis, East London, 19.7.19, Doidge [12427]; Langholm

Estates, Bathurst, 14.7.19, Doidge [12355].

Epiphyllous, ar ae thin black, carbonaceous spots, 2-3 mm. diameter. Mycelium

pale fuscous, not dense, branching and anastomosing irregularly. Hyphae undulating,

3-95 thick. Cells 18-25 wlong. Hyphopodia unilateral or alternate, minute, continuous, —

)

pyriform, 6-7 u high x 3°5 u. Thyriothecia rather numerous, scattered, flattened hemi-

spherical, 120-140 u diameter, formed of radiating hyphae about 3 u diameter, margin

not fimbriate, dehiscing by a stellate fissure, no basal membrance. Asci aparaphysate,

eight-spored, subspherical or ovate, sessile, 36-40 « 23-33 u. Spores conglobate, two-

celled, brown, slightly constricted, cells subequal, epispore rough at maturity, 17- 20 ~ 10; TE

Pyenidia similar in form to thyriothecia, but somewhat smaller, about 100 vy. diameter;

conidia ovate, brown, continuous, without a hyaline band, 17-20 « 12-13 p

Fig. 7

Asterina crotonicola Doidge, nov. sp.

Epiphylla, maculas tenues atras, 2-3 mm. diametro formans. Mycelium fuscum ramo-

sum, hyphis undulatis 3-3°5 u crassis, cellulis 18-25 p longis ; hyphopodiis unilateralibus

v. alternis, minutis, continuis, pyriformis, 6-7 u altis, 2°5 wu latis. Thyriothecia satis

numerosa, sparsa, orbicularia, 120-140 wu diametro, EER ER ex hyphis circ. 3 u crassis

contexta, stellatim dehiscentia ad ambitum haud EE Asci aparaphysati, octospor,

subglobosi v. ovati, sessiles, 36-40 x 23-33 u. Sporae conglobatae, 1-septatae, brunneae,

in maturitate verrucosae, 17-20 x 10 u. [Fig. 7.]

Hah. in foliis Crotoms rivularis, Kast London, 19.7.19, leg. Doidge [12427].

Fig 8

76. Asterina Scolopiae n. sp.

On leaves of Scolopia Zeyheri, Kast London, 19.7.19, Doidge [12414].

On Scolopia sp., Mossel Bay, 22.7.15, Pole Evans [9067].

_ Hypophyllous, forming very thin spots about 5 mm. diameter. Mycelium delicate,

diffuse. Hyphae straight or somewhat undulate, branching and anastomosing irregularly,

3-3°3 u thick; hyphopodia unilateral or alternate, briefly stipitate, often at right angles

to hypha, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 10-13°3 X 3-3°5 u. Thyriothecia : scattered,

ry > MEN

flattened-hemispherical, 150-170 u diameter, composed of radiating hyphae about 3 u thick ;

at margin a number of these continue to extend towards and anastomose with vegetative

hyphae, dehiscing bv a stellate fissure. No basal membrane. Asci subspherical apara-

physate, eight-spored, sessile, 33-40 y. diameter. Spores conglobate, two-celled, slightly

constricted, ellipsoid, cells subequal, 20-23°5 x 9-11 yu. Pyenidia similar in form to

thyriothecia. but smaller, 80-90 » diameter. Conidia brown, continuous without a hyaline

band, angular kite-shaped, 18-25 x 10-13°5 u. [Fig. 8.]

Asterina Scolopiae Doidge, nov. sp.

Hypophvlla, maculas tenues, circ. 5 mm. latas. formans. Mycelium laxum, hyphis rectis

v. subundulatis, 3-3°3 u crassis ; hyphopodiis unilateralibus v. alternis, breviter stipitatis,

cylindraceis, rectis v. leniter curvatis, 10-133 « 3-3°5 vu. 'Thyriothecia sparsa, orbicularia,

150-170 vy diametro. radiatim ex bvphis cire. 3 u crassis contexta, ambitu plus minus fimbri-

ata, stellatim dehiscentia. Asci subglobosi, aparaphvsati, octospori, sessiles, 33-40 u

diametro. Sporae conglobatae, |-septatae, leniter constrictae, ellipsoidae, cellulis sub-

aequalibus, 20-22°5 « 9-11 u.

Hab. in foliis Scolopiae Zeyheri, East London, 19.7.19, leg. Doidge [12414].

77. Lembosia piriensis n. sp.

On leaves of Trichocladus ellipticus, Pirie Forest, Kimgwilliamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge

[12301 ].

Epiphyllous, on leaf spots up to 1 cm. diameter, sometimes numerous and corfluent,

covering greater part of leaf surface. Hyphae slender, fuscous, 3-3°5 v thick, branching and

anastomosing irregularly. Hyphopodia sessile, about 4-5 u diameter, hemispherical or

sublobed, developing at irregular intervals. Thyriothecia scattered, ellipsoid, straight,

simple or occasionally forked, 300-400 190-240 u, composed of ‘radiating hyphae about

3 u thick, margin ibrelp Asci paraphvsate, eight-spored, ovate, somewhat thickened

round the apex, sessile, 40 x 20-24 wu. Paraphy ses hvaline, filiform, about 2 u thick,

equalling or slightly e one the asci. Spores two- celled, slightly constricted, ellipsoid,

upper loculus broader, 17-20 x 6-7 u, brown when mature. Pvcidia flattened-hemi-

spherical, 100-120 » diameter. Conidia minute, hyaline, bacilloid.

Lembosia piriensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Epiphylla, maculas usque 1 cm. latas insidentia ; hyphis tenuibus, fuscis, 3-3.5 p.

crassis, ramosis ; hyphopodiis sessilibus, cire. 4-5 y diametro hemisphaericis, v. sublobatis,

dispersis. Thyriothecia sparsa, elliptica, recta, simplices v. nonnunguam bifurcata,

300-400 x 190-240 ru. radiatim ex hyphis 2 u crassis contexta, ambitu fimbriata. Ase

paraphysati, octospori. ovati, sessiles, 37-40 - 20-24 u. Paraphyses hyalinae circ. 2 p

crassae. Sporae 1-septatae, leniter constrictae, ellipsoidae, 17-20 x 6-7 u, in maturitate

brunneae, loculo superiore latiore.

Hab. in folus Trichocladi elliptic’, Pirie Forest, 8.7.19, leg. Dodge [12301].

78. Trichopeltula Carissae n. sp.

On leaves of Carissa arduina, East London, 24.11.17, Doidge [10914]; 19.7.19

[12494].

Epiphyitlous, when thinly sown each thallus is plainly visible, consisting of a number

of narrow, dull-black, irregularly branched radiating fibrillae ; frequently ‘the thalli are

so numerous that they coalesce, and the whole leaf surface becomes encrusted with the dull-

black growth ; thallus irregular in breadth, 95-275 u broad, formed of narrow, rectangular,

radiating-prosenchymatous cells. Conidial pycnothecia, 90-115 u diameter, containing

bacilliform, hyaline, non-septate conidia, 6-8 u 1-15 y. Pyenothecia containing asei

somewhat larger, 120-140 u diameter; asci aparaphy sate, eight- -spored, obovate or obclavate,

broadly rounded at the apex, constricted at the base, with a very short foot, 24-30 « 13-16 u.

Spores tristichous, hyaline, oblong, slightly curved, four to five celled, usually four-septate

when mature, 10-14 x 3-4 u.

Trichopeltula Carissae Doidge n. sp.

Epiphylla, thallus vittaeformis, repens, ramosus; vittae brunneo-atrae, irregulares,

95-275 u latae, radiato-prosenchymaticae, cellulis anguste rectangularibus. Pycnothecia

in thallo formata, alia conidiofera, 90-115 u, alia ascofera 120-140 u diametro, re

hemisphaerica, demum apice perforata. Conidia bacillaria, hyalina, continua, 6-8 x 1-13

Asci aparaphysati, octospori, obovati v. obclavati, supra late rotundati infra in EE

brevissimum coarctati, 24-30 «x 138-16 u. Sporae tristichae, hyalinae, oblongae, sub-

curvatae, quadriseptata, 10-14 x 3-4 u

Hab. in foliis Carissae arduinae, Rast London, 24.11.17, leg. Doidge [10914].

9: Trichopeltula kentaniensis n. sp.

On Xymalos monospora, Kentani, 3.3.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 1999) [8866]; Zwartkop,

near Maritzburg, Natal, 19.7.18, Doidge [11598].

On Schmidelia monophylla, Kentani, 3.3.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 2300) [8865].

This fungus is very similar in appearance to the species on Carissa, from which it

differs chiefly 3 in the size and form on the asci and spores; the latter are three to four

septate, but usually four-septate when mature.

Trichopeltula kentaniensis n. sp.

Epiphylla, thallus vittaeformis, repens, ramosus: vittae brunneo-atrae, irregulares,

64-200 u latae, radiato-prosenchymaticae, cellulis anguste rectangularibus. Pycnothecia

in thallo formata, alia conidiofera 90-110 u, alia ascofera 160-180 u diametro, applanato-

hemisphaerica, demum apice perforata. Conidia bacillaria, hyalina, continua, 4-6 X 1-1°5 u.

Asci aparaphysati, octospori, ellipsoidei v. subclavati, apedicellati, 30-36 x 13-16 uw.

Sporae tristichae, hyalinae, subclavatae, rectae, quadriseptatae, 15-17 x 3:5-5 uw.

Hab. in folus X ymalos monosporae, Kentam, 3.3.15, leg. Pegler [8866].

Fungi belonging to this group appear to be very common in many localities, particularly

in the neighbourhood of Kast London ; but, although material has been collected at different

seasons of the vear, only the two species described above have been found with mature ascl.

Immature fungi belonging to the T'richopeltaceue have been collected near East London

and elsewhere on the following hosts: Acokanthera spectabilis, Behmaa recticulata, Buxus

MacOwam, Chaetacme aristata, Elaeodendron capense, Elaeodendron croceum, Eugenia sp.

Putterlichia pyracantha, Rhoicissus rhomboidea, Toddalia natalensis, Trichocladus ellipticus,

Umtisa Listeriana.

80. Scolecopeltis Cassipoureae n. sp.

Ascomata hypophyllous, not situated on leaf spots, scattered, superficial, easily

becoming detached, opaque, dark-green in the centre, translucent, paler at edges,

550-650 u diameter, composed of a dense weft of fine hyphae 1-2 u thick.

Ostiole distinct, round 23-36 u diameter. Asci aparaphysate, ellipsoid, sessile,

120-170 « 20-26 u, four to eight spored. Spores parallel or twisted, filiform, 100-120 u.

long, six to seven broad at centre, tapering somewhat towards rounded ends, ten to fifteen

septate, constricted, easily separating even in agcus into verv uneven portions 6-15 u long.

On leaves of Cassipourea verticillata, Buccleuch, Natal, Ia, Atha 18, Doidge [11586].

Scolecopeltis Cassrpoureae Doidge, nov. sp.

Peritheciis hypophyllis, sine maculis, sparsis, superficialibus, facile secedentibus,

opace atro-coeruleis, lenticulari-scutatis margine alatis, 550-650 u diametro marginem

versus coerulee pellucidis, ibique ex hyphis 1-2 u latis tenuibus, maeandrice denseque

conjunctis contextis, praeterea margine ca. 30-6C u latofere hy alino ex hyphis 1-2 u latis

anastomosantibus composito cinctis, ostiolo distincto, rotundato, 33-36 yu lato: ascis

aparaphysatis, ellipsoideis, sessilibus, 120-170 x 20- s6 us sporis, sporidiis parallelis

v. tortis, filiformis 100-120 » x 6-7 yu, utrinque leniter attenuatis, 10-15 septatis, constrictis,

facile secedeutibus.

Hab. in folus Cassipoureae verticillatae, Buccleuch, Natal, 17,7,18, leg. Doidge [11586].

81. Asterinella Mimusopsidis n. sp.

On leaves of Mimusops obovata, Pirie Forest, Kingwilliamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [12267] ;

East London, 19.7.19, Doidge [12409]. q

Hypophyllous, forming thin black spots up to 5 mm. diameter; mycelium reticulate,

alternate or opposite, branching. composed of fuscous-brown hyphae, more or less torulose,

and undulate, varying in thickness from 3-6 u, articulation more or less irregular ; hypho-

podia none ; thyriothecia crowded in centre, or scattered, flattened-hemispherical, 240-320 u

diameter, dehiscing by collapse of central cells or by radial fissure, composed. of straight

radiating hyphae 3-3°5 uw thick, margin entire or with numerous rather delicate hyphae

about 3 v thick running out into the mycelium. Asci aparaphysate, ovate or narrow ovate,

sessile, eight-spored, thickened round apex, 60-70 x 25-35 u. Spores conglobate, two-

selled. poe. constricted at septum, 98-33 x 13-16°5 Ps slightly rough iat maturity,

upper loculus broader, broadly rounded at both ends.

Asterinella Mimusopsidis Doidge. nov. sp.

Hypophylla, maculas tenues usque 5 mm. latas formans, mycelium ex hyphis fuseidulis,

subtorulosis, undulatis 3-6 yu crassis formatum. Hyphopodia desunt. Thyriothecia

conferta v. sparsa, orbicularia, 240-320 y diametro, radiatim ex hyphis rectis 3-3.5 p

crassis contexta, peripherice hyphis longiusculis, flexuosis, 3 u crassis fimbriata. Asci

aparaphvsati, ovati, sessiles, octospori, ad apicem incrassati, 60-70 < 25-35 u. Sporae

conglobatae, 1-septatae, brunneae, constrictae, 28-33 « 13-16°5 u, in maturitate minute

verrucosae, loculo superiore latiore.

Hab. in foliis Mimusopsidis obovatae, Pirie Forest, 8.9.19, leg. Doidge [12267].

2. Meliola gemellipoda n. sp.

On leaves of Jasminum angulare, Langholm Estates, Bathurst District, 14.7.19, Doidge

[12352].

Epiphyllous, forming round black velvety spots 1-5 mm. diameter. Mycelium compact,

fairly dense, formed of straight or slightly wavy hyphae 10 » thick ; cells 20-30 u long;

branching opposite or irregular ; capitate hy pisncen opposite, usually one pair to each

cell of hypha, 16-23 x 9-10 u, stipe cell short, 3-5 yu, terminal cell ovate to cylindrical,

rounded at the apex. Murconate hyphopodia rare, inte rspersed with capitate hy phopodia,

ampulliform 20-30 u long x 10 u thick at base. Mycelial setae fairly numerous, simple,

straight, black, opaque except near the somewhat blunt apex, 9-10 u thick at base, tapering

gradually towards apex, 360-600 u long. Perithecia 200—2 50 n diameter, , black, globose,

smooth. <Asci two to three spored, evanescent. Spores four- -septate, cylindrical or

tapering slightly towards both ends, rounded at both ends, scarcely constricted,

538-60 x 16°5-20 u. Closely related to M. Toddaliae.

Meliola gemmellipoda Doidge, nov. sp.

Epiphylla, maculas atras, orbiculares, 1—5 mm. diametro efformans; mycelio ex

hyphis ramosis, septatis, 10 u crassis composito; hyphopodiis capitatis oppositis

16-23 x 9-10 u, cellula superiore ovata v. cylindrica; hyphopodus mucronatis raris, |

ampulliformibus usque ad 30 y longis ; setis mycelicis numerosis, simplicibus, rectis, opacis,

360-600 vu. longis, obtusis ; peritheciis 200-250 u diametro, atris, laevis, globosis ; ascis,

2-3 sporis, evanescentibus ; sporidiis 4-septatis, ad septa vix constrictis, 53-60 x 16.5-20 u.

Hab. in foliis Jasminii angularis, Bathurst District, Cape Province, 14.7.19, leg.

Doidge [12352].

83. Irene Rinoreae n. sp.

| On leaves of Rinorea ardesiaeflora, Karkloof, Natal, 14.7.21, Doidge [14961].

Amphigenous, forming small, round, dull-black spots 1-2 mm. diameter: these are

occasionally rather numerous and become confluent, but usually they are scattered and

only one to two spots occur on a leaf,

Mycelium reticulate: hyphae dark-brown, semi-opaque, 6-7 u thick, cells mostly

18-20 u long, branches opposite, anastomosing, capitate hyphopodia alternate, usually

one to each. cell, stipitate, 17-26 u high, terminal cell variously lobed with rounded or

truncate lobes 17-20 u broad. Mucronate hyphopodia rather numerous, interspersed

with the capitate hyphopodia, opposite, alternate or unilateral: they are rather peculiar

in form, reminding one of penguins at rest, 17-20 u long and 5-6 u thick at the base ;

mycelial setae none.

Perithecia spherical, black, carbonaceous, 140-200 u diameter, surface cells conical or

rounded, projecting to a height of 16-18 u. (These could hardly be termed appendages ;

and the species is accordingly assigned to the genus Irene.) Asci fugaceous, not seen.

Spores four-septate, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, constricted, 40-46 x 16°5-21°5 u.

Irene Rinoreae Doidge, nov. sp.

Amphigena, plagulas minutas, atras, 1-2 mm. diametro efformans. Mycelio reticulato.

Hyphis brunneis, subopacis, 6—7 u cragsis, cellulis plerumque 18-20 u longis, hyphopodiis

capitatis alternis, stipitatis 17-26 u altis, cellula superiore varie lobata, lobis rotundatis

v. truncatis. Hyphopodiis mucronatis numerosis, oppositis, alternis v. unilateralibus,

17-20 uv longis, basi 5-6 u crassis.

Setis mycelicis nullis. Perithectis globosis atris, tuberculatis, 140-200 uv. diametro.

Ascis non visis. Sporidiis 4-septatis, cylindricis, utrinque rotundatis, ad septa constrictis,

40-46 x 16°5-21°5 wp.

Hab. in folus Rinoreae ardesiaeflorae, Karkloof, Natal, 14.7.21, leg. Doidge [14961].

84. Phyllachora myrsinicola n. sp.

On leaves of Myrsine melamophleos, Duncairn, near Maritzburg, 13.7.21, Doidge

[15015].

Stromata epiphyllous, net visible on lower surface of leaf, and not surrounded by

discoloured leaf tissue, scattered, 4-1 mm. diameter, black, somewhat shiny, flat, very

slightly raised above the epidermis.

Several loculi in each stroma, occupving about half the thickness of the leaf, which

is here swollen to about twice its normal thickness. Loculi covered by a common epidermal

clypeus which is black, opaque, and variable in thickness. Loculi not closely crowded,

subspherical, 180-240 vy. diameter, lateral and basal walls well developed, consisting of

laterally compressed hvphae, usually hyaline, but sometimes brown at the base and where

the lateral walls join the clypeus. Asci clavate 80-100 x 20-27 u, thick-walled, rounded

at the apex, eisht- spored, paraphys sate, briefly pedicellate. Spores distichous, one-celled,

hyaline, ellipsoid or rhomboid-elli psoid, 16°5-23°5 x 9-10 w.

Phyllachora myrsinicola Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, atra, in inferiore foliorum pagina non visibilia, sparsa, 3-1 mm.

diametro parum nitidula, loculi pauci in quoque stromate, suborbiculares, 180-240 u

diametro, clypeo epidermale atro, opaco. Asci paraphysati, clavati, octospori, breviter

pedicellati, 80-100 x 20-27 uw. Sporae distichae, continuae, hyalinae, ellipsoidae v. sub-

rhomboidae, 17°5-23°5 x 9-10 U.

Hab. in folis Myrsine melanophlecs, Duncairn, near Maritzburg, Natal, 13.7.21,

leg. Doidge [15015].

&5. Clypeosphaeria natalensis n. sp.

On leaves of Viscum nervosum growing on Rapanea melanophleos, Glen Burnie, Highflats,

Txopo District. Natal, 20.8.21, J. W. Bews [14867 ].

Penthecia and pycnidia epiphyllous, in scattered groups, similar in form and size,

immersed, lenticular, spherical. convex at the apex with a black, opaque epidermal clypeus ;

160-200 vy. in diameter, very slightly papillate in the centre, where it becomes perforated

by a pore ; wall black, carbonaccous, 16-20 p thick,

Fig. 1. Meliola Carissae. (a) Mycelium with capitate hyphopodia. (b) Spores. (ce) Mycelial setae.

Fig. 2. Meliola capensis. Tips of mycelial setae.

Fig. 3. Meliola dracoenicola. (a) Mycelium. (6) Spores. (¢) Tips of mycelial setae.

Fig. 4. Meliola Oleicola. (a) Mycelium. (b) Spores. (¢) Tips of setae.

Fig. 3. Meliola Panici. (a) My elium. (6) Spores. (c) Tips of setae.

Fig. 6. (Irene Zeyheri. (a) Mycelium. (6) Spores.

Fig. 7. Mycelium and spores of Asterina crotonicola,

Fig. 8. Mycelium of Asterina Scolopiae.

Asci paraphysate, subpyriform, broadly rounded at the base, narrower at the apex,

thick-walled around the apex, which is traversed by a pore, eisht-spored, evanescent, ==

90-120 x 20-27 u. Spores fuscous, four to five septate, cylindrical or subclavate, parallel at

or obliquely distichous, 42-54 »% 7°5-10 TE N

_ Conidia hyaline, cylindrical or clavate, rounded at both ends, transversely six to eight.

septate, 50-62 x 10-11 uv.

Clypeosphaeria natalensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Peritheciis et pycnidiis epiphyllis, gregariis, immersis, Jenticulariter sphaeroideis.

vertice applanato, comzexulo, centro leniter papillulatis demum poro perforatis, atris,

160-200 v. diametro ; ascis octosporis. paraphysatis, subpyriformibus, basi late rotundatis,

sessilibus, apice incrassatis poro pertusis, evanescentibus, 90-120 x 20-27 u. Sporidiis

fuscis oblique; distichis v. parallelibus, 4-5 septatis, cylindricis, v. subclavatis,

42-54 X 75-10 wu.

Conidiis hyalinis, cylindricis vy. clavatis, utrinque rotundatis, 6-8 — septatis,

50-62 x 10-11 u. |

Hab. in foliis Visci nervosi, [xopo District, Natal, 20.8.21, leg. Bews [14867].

EXPLANATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

EE “LHORNe PEARS

(Scolopia spp.).

By E. P. PHILLIPS, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S., Division of Botany, Pretoria.

THE genus Scolopia was founded by Siri: in 1789, and the following year Loudon

established the genus Phoberos for the same group of plants. It is under the latter name that

the species are described in the “ Flora (apensis.” The genus is included by Bentham and

Hooker under the natural order Birimeae, but Engler only includes the genus Biza in this

family and places Scolopia in the family Flacourtiacecae. Gilg in Engler’s “ Botanische

Jahrbiich,” vol. 40, p. 481, gives a list of the African species, and describes a new species

from the Transvaal, viz. Scolopia Englert. Sim (” Forests and Forest Flora,” p. 126)

recognized three South African species only, viz. S. Mundi, S. Zeyheri, and S. Flanagan,

and regards $. Bcklomi and E. Gerrardu as co-specific with S. Zeyher:. My examination of

herbarium material has led me to recognize S. Zeyheri and S. Ecklonw as specifically distinct,

and to regard S. Gerrardu and S. Engleri as varieties of S. Hcklonit. A very distinct species of

the genus, collected at Barberton by Mr. G. Thorncroft, is described here.

The presence or absence of thorns is evidently not a constant character as Sim notes,

as specimens sent in by Mr. A. O'Connor from the Woodbush Forest, Transvaal, are stated

to be sometimes thorny and sometimes thornless. Though this may be the case, yet my

examination of the genus does not confirm Sim’s suggestion that S. Zeyher: and S. Ecklonii

are the same species. Both the character of the leaves and the presence or absence of hairs

on the inflorescence can be used to distinguish them. In herbarium material thorns were

present on some specimens of S. Zeyhert, and it is only from information supplied by

Mr. O'Connor that we can be certain of the presence of thorns in S. Eeklonii, as this character

was not observed in any of the herbarium specimens. Mr. O. B. Miller, commenting on

specimens collected by him in the Amanzamnyaina and Buffalo Neck Forests, Mount

Frere District, writes: “ Yesterday J found a very large old ‘red pear’ with several

sucker shoots growing from the stem at a height of 2 ft. 6 in. from ground-level. So far

as I could see the rest of the tree was quite unarmed. It is the first time I have ever observed

a thorned tree of this species, except in the seedling stage, when it is always armed. I have

since seen anotuer “red pear’ with armed suckers, and the native guard says they are fairly

common in this district.”

1 have not seen authentic specimens of S. Hngleri, but have examined Transvaal plants

which agree with Gile’s description of this species. In some respects it appears to be an

intermediate form between 5S. Zeyher, and S. Ecklon, having the pubescent inflorescence

of the former and the leaves of the latter, but the specimens are so similar to S. Eeklonit

and the distribution limited to the bushveld that I prefer keeping it as a variety of this

species. I have also decided to place S. Gerrardii asa variety of S. Ecklonii, as though while

the specimens hitherto placed under the former species have a distinctive appearance

owing to the size of the leaves, yet the examination of a large series of specimens of

S. Ecklonii indicated that this species merges into S. Gerrardi.

I have to thank the Chief Conservator of Forests, Dr. Schonland, the Directors of the

Transvaal and South African Museums, for the loan of the material in their respective

herbaria.

KEY TO SPECIES.

Inflorescence a dense cylindric spike about 1 cm. in diameter. ...... sis es ee Thorncroftiv.

Inflorescence a lax raceme.

Leaves small, usually about 2 cm. long and 1 cm. broad ; fruit minutely pubescent Flanaganit.

Leaves usually over 2 cm. Jong and 1 cm. broad: fruit glabrous.

Inflorescence pubescent.

Veaves usually ovate in outline...... 2%. wa. 4 9... -/o EE EE Zeyheri.

Leaves usually obovate or oblanceolate in outline (Transvaal species) Hcklonii,

var. Englert.

Inflorescence glabrous.

Leaves usually abruptly acuminate and distinctly -serrated.......... Mundi.

Leaves not abruptly acuminated, entire or sometimes remotely

setrated .:..... ss vis cles Sales » is Bs wae ere a EEN Ecklonii.

$. Thorncroftii, Phillips.

Arbor 6-7 mm. altus. Rami glabri. Folia 5:5-95 cm. longa, nee vel obovata,

aliquando subacuminata, apice obtusa, glabra. Jnflorescentia der sa, cyclindrica, circa 1 em.

lata, pubescentia. Petala 1:25) mm. longa, linearia, apice acuta. Filamenta 6 mm. longa.

Ovarium 15 mm. latum, globosum ; stylus 2 mm. longus, apice paullo bifidus.

TRANSVAAL.—Barberton Div.: Barberton, 2900 ft., flowers white, Thorneroft 811,

and in Natal Herbarium 14245,

Tree 20 ft. high. Branches glabrous, with the epidermis peeling off in membranous

flakes. Leaves petioled ; petioles 1-1°5 cm. long; lamina 4°5-8 cm. long, lanceolate or

obovate, sometimes subacuminate, obtuse, entire, sometimes with wavy margins and with

the veining distinct above and beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence in dense cylindric axillary

spikes about 1 cm. in diameter. Avis pubescent. Flowers subsessile. Sepals 15 mm. long,

ovate, obtuse, cillate, pubescent. Petals 1°25 mm. long, linear, acute. Glands 0°5 mm. long,

arranged in a continuous row on the receptacle. Stamens numerous; filaments 6 mm.

long, surrounded at the base with long hairs ; anthers ovate in outline, somewhat apiculate.

Ovary 1:5 mm. in diameter, globose ; style 2 mm. long, subterete, faintly bilobed at the

apex,

This is a very distinct species and easily recognized by the dense cylindric inflorescence.

S. Flanaganii (Sim, `` Forest and Forest Flora,” p. 127, Pl. HI.)

A small tree. Branches glabrous with raised lenticels. Leaves subsessile, 1:1-3 em.

long, 0°5-1°5 em. broad, elliptic, rarely obovate, obtuse, sparsely serrated on the upper

half, with distinct veining, glabrous. Flowers not seen. Frut 0°5 mm. in diamete

subglobose, finely pubescent.—X ylosma Flanagani, Bolus, in * Journ. Bot” Jan., 1896"

(Capg PROVINCE.—Kingwilliamstown Div.: Kingwilliamstown, Sim 2571, and in

Natal Govt. Herb. 8616.

This species is easily distinguished from the rest of the genus by the sessile leaves

and the pubescent fruits.

S. Zeyheri [Szyszy in Pl. Rehmann (1887), 19].

A thorny shrub 8-10 ft. high (ex Galpin). Youngest branches minutely pubescent

r glabrous, sometimes armed with spines 1°5-17 cm. long. Leaves petioled ; petioles

0 5-1°5 om. long; lamina 1:3-7 cm. long (usually 2:5—4 cm. long), 1-5 em. broad (usually

2-3 cm. broad), ovate, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate, more rarely

subrotund or obcordate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, more rarely subacuminate

or retuse, rounded or cuneate at tbe base, with entire margins, more rarely

subcrenate, with the veining distinct beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence an axillary raceme,

2°8-6°5 cm. long, usually lax, but sometimes more or less dense, though never broadly

cylindric. Azis of inflorescence and pedicels finely but densely pubescent. Sepals 0°75-2

mm. long, 0:75-15 mm. broad, ovate, oblong, elliptic or suborbicular, obtuse or acute

sometimes subacuminate, usually shortly ciliate, pubescent without. Petals when present

1 mm. long, 0°75 mm. broad, ovate. Glands 0°25-0°5 mm. long, arranged in a continuous

row on the receptacle. Stamens numerous; filaments 1°5-3 mm. long, surrounded at the

base by long hairs; anthers 0:5-1 mm. long, ovate, or suborbicular in outline. Ovary

0:5—1:25 mm. in diameter, globose or ellipsoid, glabrous ; ; style 1:5—2 mm. long, subterete,

faintly bilobed at the apex (sometimes each lobe again faintly lobed). Frit (mature 2)

5 mm. in diameter, globose, glabrous, tipped with the persistent 'style.—Sim, ‘‘ Forest and

Forest Flora,” p. 126, pl. n : Gilg in Engl. “ Bot. Jahrb.,” 40, p. 481; Phoberos Zeyhert,

Arn., “ Flora Capensis,” I, 68.

Cape PROVINCE.—Bathurst Div.: Port Alfred, Schlechter 2733. “Stutterheim Div.

Katberg, MacOwan in Natal Govt. Herb. 1113. Komgha Div.: In woods near Komgha,

2000 ft., Flanagan, 863. East London Div.: East London, Wood in Herb. Galpin 2828.

Somerset East Div.: Zuurberg, Holland 279; banks of Klein Visch River, near Somerset

East, MacOwan 808 ; woods on slopes of Boschberg, 3000 ft., MacOwan 1324. Queenstown

Div.: Ridges at Finchams Nek, 4000 ft., Galpin 1822.

East GRI2UALAND.—Maclear Div.: In wooded kloofs, Pot River Berg, 5500 ft.,

Galpin 6830.

NATAL.—Near Sinkwasi River, 500 ft., wood, Lundies Hill, Wood 10170, and in Natal

Govt. Herb. 10780.

S. Mundii (Warb. in Engl. and Prantl. Pflanzenfam. i, 6a, 29).

Branches glabrous. Leaves petioled ; petioles 0°5-1 cm. long; lamina 1°5-7°5 em.

long, 0-7-4 cm. broad (usually 4-5 cin. long and about 2 cm. broad), abruptly acuminate,

rarely not acuminate, acute or subacute, more rarely rounded or obtuse, cuneate at the base,

with sharply serrated margins, veining distinct beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence a lax

axillary raceme, 2-3 cm. long. Avis of inflorescence and pedicels quite glabrous. Sepals

15-25 mm. long, 1:5—2:5) mm. broad, ovate or subrotund, sometimes subacuminate,

acute, obtuse or sometimes rounded at the apex, glabrous. Glands 0-5-1 mm. long, usually

quadrate in outline, somewhat fleshy and arranged in a continuous row on the receptacle.

Stamens numerous ; filaments 3°5-5 mm. long, surrounded at the base with long hairs ;

anthers ("75-1 mm. long, oblong, elliptic or orbicular in outline, usually apiculate at the

apex. Ovary 1-3 mm. in diameter, globose or ellipsoid, glabrous ; style 2°5-3 mm. long,

subterete, divided at the apex into two short lobes, sometimes each lobe again faintly

lobed. Fruit about 1 cm. in diameter, globose, glabrous.—Sim, ‘ Forests and Forest

Flora,” p. 126, pl.v; Gilg in Engl. “ Bot. Jahrb.,” 40, p. 481; Phoberos Mundtu, Arn.,

“ Flora Capensis,” I, 68.

Cape PROVINCE.—(ape Div. : Kirstenbosch, in wood, Table Mountain, Zeyher. Knysna

Div. : Grootkops River, Concordia, Keet in Herb. Forest Dept. 2373. Port Elizabeth Div. :

Van Staadens, Zeyher 3785. Albany Div. : Woods about Grahamstown, 2000 ft., MacOwan

957, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 226. Komgha Div.: In woods at Prospect Farm Komgha,

2100 ft., Flanagan 62. Queenstown Div.: Lesseyton Nek, near Queenstown, 4000 ft.,

Galpin 2146 ; mountain top, Gwatyn Farm, 5400 ft., Golpin 8295.

TRANSKEI.—~Tembuland, towards reservoir, near Cala, Royffe 204; Pondoland, Engcobo

Div.: Manina Forest, Zahn in Herb. Forest Dept. 2040 ; Amamzaminyama Forest, Mount

Frere Dist., Miller in Herb. Forest Dept., 3208, 3223.

NATAL.—Polela Div.: Polela, Drakensbergen, 6000-7000 ft., Evans 624, and in Natal

Govt. Herb. TAOT.

ZULULAND.—Qudeni Forest, 6000 ft., Dams 122, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 8807.

TRANSVAAL.—Ermelo Div. : Nooitgedacht, Pott 5097, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus.

14932.

BASUTOLAND.—Thaba-Bosin Div.: Banks of Mohale River, Jacottet in Herb. Dieterlen

1062. Maseru Div.: Matukeng, slopes of @cme Mountain, Dieterlen 852.

A tree 15-20 ft. high (Evans). A tree 10 ft. high; drupe yellow (Galpin) ; Sesuto name

'* Moopa-Koma.”

S. Ecklonii [Szyszy, Pl. Rehmann (1887)].

Branches glabrous with raised lenticels Leaves petioled; petioles 05-1 cm. long;

lamina 2°5-11 cm. long. 0:7—3:6 cm. broad, mostly elliptic-lanceolate, more rarely lanceolate,

oblanceolate or obovate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, more rarely subacute, cuneate

at the base, with entire margins, rarely with a few teeth, with distinct veining, glabrous.

Inflorescence a lax axillary raceme. Ais and pedicels quite glabrous. Sepals 1-2 mm.

long, 0°75-] mm. broad, ovate or oblong, obtuse, acute, or subacute, labrous. Petals when

present 1-1'5 mm. long, linear or oblong. Glands forming a rim on the receptacle. Stamens

numerous; filaments 2-5) mm. long, surrounded at the base with long hairs; anthers

oblong or ovate in outline. Ovary 1°5 mm. in diameter, subglobose ; style 1:5—3 mm. long,

faintly or distinctly 2-4-lobed at the apex. Fruit 45 mm. in diameter, globose.—

Sim, “ Forests and Forest Flora.” p. 127; Gilg in Eugl. “ Bot. Jahrb.,” 40, p. 481 ; Phoberos

Ecklonii, Arn., “ Flora Capensis,” I, 68.

Care PROVINCE. Uitenhage Div.: Van Staadens Mountains, Zeyher 782. Albany

Div.: In woods near Grahamstown, MacOwan 1324.

NATAL.—— Near Tugela River, 500 ft., Wood 3951, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 4578.

ZULULAND.—-Qudeni Forest, 6000 ft., Davis 99, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 8806; swamp,

Umhlatuzi Forest, Ballenden in Herb. Forest Dept. 2559.

TRANSVAAL.— Pietersburg Div. : Potatobosch, Woodbush Forest, 4900 ft., Botha in

Herb. Forest Dept. 9182; O'Connor in Herb. Forest Dept. 2009.

Var. Gerrardii, Phillips.

Leaves up to 8 cm. long and 3 em. broad, with usually undulate margins and sometimes

remotely serrated. Scolopia Gerrard, Harv., `* Flora Capensis.” IT, 548.

NATAL.—Westville, near Durban, 4000-5000 ft.. Wood 8597. and in Natal Govt. Herb.

9320; Sydenham, 300-400 ft., Wood 11402.

PONDOLAN D.—— Engcobo Diy. : Manina Fcrest, Zahn in Herb. Forest Dept. 2041.

Var. Engleri, Phillips.

Agrees with the tvpe, but the inflorescence is slightly pubescent.—S, Englert, Gilg

in Engl. “ Bot. Jahrb..” 40, 481.

TRANSVAAL. —Derdepoort, Miss Leendertz 190. Rustenburg Div.: Rustenburg,

Miss Leendert: 9773. Pretoria Div.: Betfontein, Theiler in Herb. Transvaal Museum

12365; Kaalplaats, Mogg in Govt. Herb, 16289.

di GENUS Oe FN A.

By B. P. Paitties, MA. D.se., F-L:8.

Tee National Herbarium has on many occasions received specimens of Ochna from the

Forest Department for identification, but found that the naming of the specie: in herbaria

was unsatisfactory. Forest officers have suggested that more species are found in the

South African forests than those generally accepted as occurring within the Union, and

as some of the species are of economic value it. was pointed out by the Chief Conservator

of Forests that the genus should be critically examined. With the permission of the Chief

o the Diviston of Botan y the writer undertook this work. Without the cordial co-operation

f the Forest Department this would not have been possible, and my appreciation is here

essed of the willing assistance received from Mr. J. J. Kotze, B.A., B.Sc., the acting

Research Officer at the time. To the various forest officers who have supplied specimens

and information the writer is also deeply indebted, especially to Mr. A. J. O'Connor, the

District Forest Officer at Doornboom, northern 'transvaal, who first ee out the

existence of two distinct species of Ochna which occur in the Woodbush Forest, and which

had previously been regarded as either 9. arborea or O. atropurpurea, var. natalitia. My

thanks are also due to the Director of the South African Museum, who allowed me facilities

for working at the Cape Government Herbarium, and to Dr. 5. Schonland, Mrs. F. Bolus,

B.A., Mrs. R. Potts, and;Dr. P. J. van der Bijl for lending me the material in their

respective herbaria, and to the Director of Kew for comparing some specimens with the Kew

material.

At first sight the division of the genus into species appeared an easy matter, but as more

material was examined the difficulties of limiting the species increased. The writer has

critically examined nearly 200 herbarium sheets, but failed to find any constant characters,

either floral or vegetative, which could be used as diagnostic characters for a key to the

species, and has had to rely on the general “ facies ` of the specimens in most cases and has

found it difficult to express the differences in words. That the specimens have been grouped

correctly may be assumed, as handling a large number of specimens makes one familiar

with their “look,” but whether a particular specimen can be readily placed in its correct

species with the aid of the key given hete is more doubtful. However, this difficulty will only

apply to a few species related to O. atropurpurea ; the others are fairly distinct.

In the “ Flora Capensis ” (Vol. 1, 448}, three species of Ochna are described, but my

investigations show that there are nine distinct species in South Africa with the possibility

of a tenth. This latter is represented by two sheets illustrating a plant with a prostrate

habit, but as Harvey, in the ` Flora C apensis index @. arborea, mentions that `` shoots

from the roots occasionally produce flowers,” it is just possible that the specimens may

represent such shoots, but no information on this point is available. In all the herbarium

specimens examined only O. pulchra was correctly distinguished, while the limits of

O. aiborea and O. atropurpurea were confused. 0. pulchra i is a typical Transvaal species,

but also occurs in Rhodesia. and as far as our records go is absent from the Cape Province

and Natal. It is readily distinguished from all the other South African species by the large

racemose inflorescence. Other distinguishing characters are the entire leaves (or they

usually appear entire to the naked eye) and the long stigmas, which are one-third to a quarter

the length of the style. The other species which has entire (or apparently so) leaves is

0. arborea, but this does not occur in the Transvaal. It has been recorded from the George,

Kynsna, Uitenhage, Albany, Stockenstrom, East London, Kingwilliamstown, Komgha,

and Kentani Divisions, and then appears in Natal and EE to Lourenco Marques

The inflorescence in this species is also racemose {a very. abbreviated raceme),

but specimens have passed through my hands in which the flowers are either solitary

or 2-4-nate at the apex of short shoots ; this is, however, very rare. The third species, O.

atyopurpurea, as 1 have limited it, is composed of plants of a shrubby habit, 2-3 ft. high,

and can usually be recognised at a glance by the branches having a distinct lepidote appear-

ance due to the presence of numerous prominent lenticels ; the leaves are usually elliptic,

sharply serrated, and the flowers solitary. It has a similar distribution to OQ. arborea, but

has also been recorded from Zululand and Barberton. The variety natalitia has been kept

as a distinct species; it differs from O. afropurpurea in habit, and the branches have not

the lepidote appearance ; the flowers are rarely solitary, and the leaves longer and lanceolate.

Though Harvey recognized this variety, he has nevertheless confused it with the species,

as in “the Cape Government Herbarium there is a sheet (E. and Z. 925) labelled on the

ticket O. atropurpurea and written up as such in Harvey's handwriting, which is undoubtedly

O. natalitia. This species is not so common in the south-eastern districts as O. atro purpurea,

but is recorded from several localities in Natal, and then passes through Swaziland to

Barberton. Ecklon and Zeyher record it from the Uitenhage Division. The correct limita-

tion of this species has proved the most troublesome, and at first I was inclined to recognize

three species. A further examination proved that the first grouping of the specimens was

very artificial and that this species should be regarded as a variable one with a wide range

of distribution. O. Chilversii appears to be confined to the eastern forests, 1t resembles

QO. natalitia in general habit, but is readily distinguished from this species by the larger |

number of carpels in the ovary, and the flowers are usually much larger. The two species, |

O). O'Connorii and O. Holstii, which occur in the Woodbush Forest are very distinct from

all the other South African species. Both are deciduous trees of timber size, and may

perhaps be confused in herbaria if leaves are only present, but they differ considerably.

O. Holstii has a rough bark and ord fruits, while O. O’Connorii has a smooth bark

with kidney-shaped fruits. The remaining species, O. leptoclada, is found in the Barberton

und Lyde nberg Districts and also in Rhodesia. Specimens in mature foliage are easily

recognized by the oblanceolate leaves, which are long attenuated at the base. |

The African species of Ochna were monographed by Diels in 1904 (Enel., *“ Bot. Jahrb.,

Vol. XXXIII, p. 232), to which account the reader is referred for a key to all the known

African RA

= — aa AA AA

The writer was granted facilities by Mr. Kotze for extracting information about the

species from notes sent to the Forest Department by various forest officers. .

O. Chilversii.. This species is known in the Cwebe Forest by the natives as “ sibomvu.” |

The Conservator of Forests, Transkeian Conservancy, remarks: “1 was struck with the

nice appearance of the wood. It is a soft (hardwood), easy to work. . . . It is plentiful

in the Cwebe and other coast forests and approximates arborea in size, and could easily be

exploited. Possibly it might make an excellent hammer handle.” Mr C. C. Robertson

remarks on the difference between this species and O. arborea. He reported that the `` wood,

which seems to me far from soft, appears to have the same general character as boxwood,

and would probably be suitable for similar purposes,” and he suggested that it might be

tried for whatever purpose O. arborea is used for. The forester at “Cwebe, who has handled

the wood, describes it as `` easy to work and soft.”

In the Notinsela Forest the natives know the tree as ““umbomvane umncince,” and

according to Mr. F. M. Fegen the tree occurs both in the Notinsela and Mpimbo Reserves,

and appears to be plentiful in the latter locality, and no doubt also in the surrounding

forests. me

Forester Chilvers mentions that he has only seen one specimen in the Ingeli Forest

Reserve. He describes it as a “ small tree, stem 5 inches in diameter; bark not smooth as

in O. arborea ; leaves not diciduous.”

O. Holstit. This species occurs in the Ingeli Forest Reserve and is also found in the

Woodbush Forest in the northern Transvaal. The specimens in the Ingeli Reserve, Forester

Chilvers describes as “ trees of timber size with deciduous leaves; stem attaining to a

diameter of 2 ft. to 2 {t.6 in. with a rough bark.” The species is quite plentiful at Ingel:

and is known to the sawyers as the “1eal red pear” as distinguished from Scolopia.

Forester Tustin describes this species as “a branched tree 40-50) ft. high, stem 18 in. in

diameter, with a bole 15—-2C ft. Bark grey on the outside and deep red inside. Flowers

in September and October and fruits ripen in December. I have only found the tree growing

in denser parts of the forest. It is found throughout my patrols (Impetyne and Ingeli)

and is sparingly dotted through the forests. Saplings | are numerous compared with old

trees. I have not seen this tree used for any purpose.”

District Forest Officer A. O'Connor, in submitting specimens from the Wood-

bush Forest, states it to be “a fairly large deciduous tree. The bark is comparatively

smooth, though not with the hard smoothness of O. O’Connorii, being more flaky and

‘chippy. ” It is beet-red under the surface.

Mr. O. Miller (the acting District Forest Officer at Doornboom at the time) states

that the species is fairly abundant in the lower, but scarce in the upper, slopes of the Wood-

bush Forest. It attains a height of 45 ft., with a trunk diameter, at breast high, of

30 in. The species flowers in November and sets its fruits in January.

O. OConnorti. This tree has only been recorded from. the Woodbush Forest, and

was collected by Mr. A. J. O'Connor. He noted the differences between this and O. arborea,

and describes it as a `` small tree with smooth bark, very much like the ordinary Cape plane.”

The local name is “ roothout,” “ roo1 izerhout.”

O. arborea. This species may attain the size of a timber tree or may be only 8-10 ft.

high. In the Horseshoe Forest, Kingwilliamstown, Forester Whithal records this species

as a ~ tree 30 ft. high, with a diameter of 26 in. at breast high, and is found on a dolerite

formation.” At Knysna, Mr. J. D. Keet, the District Forest Officer, records it `` as common

in all parts of the district, being a small tree which forms part of the under storey of the

forest. and rarelv reaches a height of 1 ft. at breast high.” Locally known as the ~ rooi-

hout.” The wood is very strong and of great durability, and is generally used for making

handles of tools and axes, The seeds are said to be attacked by caterpillars. Forester

Watton states it to be a plant growing in scrub at Kn sna, and is known by the name ot

“* rooihout.” Forester Strauch sends the following notes with his specimens: Very

plentiful in all the reserves in this (Alexandria) forestal district, and is found throughout

the forest. Average height, 10 ft.; average girth, 4 in. In the kloofs it grows much larger

and it is found that the bark is much lighter than in trees growing on ridges or exposed

positions. The timber is used for making axe and hammer handles. The tree appears to

grow more or less plentifully over the forests in the Alexandria District, which are all on

sandy soil.”

Sim* is in error when he states that this species occurs m the Transvaal.

O. natalitia. This species, which has been regarded as a variety of O. atropurpurea,

rightly deserves specific rank. Forester F. M. Fegen reports it as a `` small tree about 6 ft.

high growing at Notinsela Forest. It 1s very free in flowering and has scented flowers.

I have seen several specimens of this tree in the Mpimbo Forest, but it does not appear to

grow higher than 6 or 8 ft. Many young plants of O. atropurpurea are growing close to this.”

Forester Fegen further remarks that both species (O. natalitia and O. atropurpurea) grow

on the edge of the forest and appear to be gregarious, growing thickly together. I have

not found them well in the forest. Many stunted plants are in “ dobo” grass, and have been

scorched by fire and have thrown out branches from the base. This species should make

a handsome garden plant, and fruiting specimens are particularly beautiful. The Pondos

call it ““ mbomvane ncinci,” but do not appear to use it for any purpose.

* Sim, “ Forest Flora,” p. 164.

MA dT

O. atropurpurea. Forester Fegen records this as a “ small shrub growing to edge of

Maseko Forest and which is very plentiful. It has flowered and fruited very sparingly

this year (1915) and fruiting specimens are scarce. The leaves, although identical in shape,

are smaller on every specimen than those of O. natalitia. It is also found at Notinsela..

Galls are nearly always present, and the plants, like O. natalitia, are confined to the edge

of the forest.’’* ê

O. pulchra. A small or large tree, 6-20 ft. high. The trunk is smooth and usually white,

which makes the recognition of this tree in the veld easy. It is usually in flower late in

September, and at the end of October the sepals take on a red colour which makes the

species so conspicuous. The young fruits are then forming, and they mature in December. ..

The flowers are sweetly scented ; at first the sepals are bright green, then change to olive-

brown and red. The seeds are said to be poisonous.

KEY TO SPECIES.

Inflorescence in definite long or short racemes, sometimes panicled, very rarely solitary or 2—3-nate at

the apices of short shoots, but if so then the leaves entire or appearing entire to the naked

eye.

Ovary of 10-12 carpolas 27 Se «cies see ck em = > eae tee pia tie ee ENE Chilversit.

Ovary of less than 10 carpels.

Leaves entire or appearing entire to the naked eye (rarely serrated, but if so, .

then never with prominent lenticels), not acuminate ; bark smooth. .

Racemes 2-12: om. Ong en va vic Unite LAM ace pe eae ee a eee pulchra. )

Racemes muaok abbrevisted... iis teu bee pie te di ae N ROL EN arborea. |

Leaves serrated, long acuminate, branches not densely covered with |

prominent white lenticels; fruit ellipsoid.................000e0e8 Holstii.

Leaves serrated, shortly acuminate or cuneate at the apex, rarely rounded ;

branches sometimes covered with prominent white lenticels ; fruits

ellipsoid or kidney-shaped.

Fruits kidney-shaped ; lenticels not numerous and prominent; |

a tall tree.

Leaves obtuse; Transvaal species..............+-0e0- O’ Connorii.

Leaves acute ;: Hastern BDEOIEB. .... se as cus knee + ee arborea.

Fruits ellipsoid, lenticels numerous and prominent; a large

shrub 6-8 ib. Nigh Aa as dek notes Wale ete natalitia.

Inflorescence solitary or 2-4-nate arising from tha apex of abbreviated shoots.

Small trees or erect shrubs.

Mature leaves up to 9 cm. long, oblanceolate, usually long-attenuate at

the bage oi. . 6 sds se kines ncn lage Bieta Ka AA ANN leptoclada.

Mature leaves very rarely up to 8 cm. long, rounded or narrowed at the

base, never long-attenuate.

Flowers 2-5-nate on much abbreviated shoots from the axils

of the leaWEB Ee ae ce caer Soe oes ne N OE NN natalitia.

Flowers solitary, very rarely 2—5-nate, but then arising from the

apex of short shoots and not in the axils of the leaves.

Lenticels usually dense and prominent, giving the

branches a lepidote appearance to the naked eye; j

teeth on the margins of the leaves usually triangular .

in shape, erect, and acute. op see ei AD atropur pure,

Lenticels usually present, but branches not appearing

lepidote to the naked eye; teeth on margins of

leaves usually incurved.

Epidermis flaking from the branches in mem-

branous strips; leaves up to 4 cm. long.. pretoriensis.

Epidermis rarely evidently flaking in mem-

branous strips; leaves up to 8 cm. long.. natalitia.

O. Chilversii Phillips. Arbor parva. Cortex suleata. Folia, 3-8 cm. longa, 6-2°5 em. lata, ae

lanceolata, apice obtusa, basi cuneata, glabra, marginibus serratis. [nflorescentia :

in racemo brevissime disposita. Ovarvark 10-13 carpellis.

Sim, “ Forest Flora,” p. 164.

A small tree with a trunk 5 in. in diameter. Bark rough. Branchlets with reddish-brown

to almost black bark, pustulate or not, not flaking. Leaves 3-8 cm. long, ‘6-2°5 cm. broad,

lanceolate, rarely more or less oblanceolate, obtuse, cuneate at the base and passing into

a short petiole, rarely rounded, with the midrib distinct above and beneath and the lateral

veins evident or not, with serrated margins, glabrous. Inflorescence on short shoots in abbre-

viated racemes, up to 7-flowered. Pedicels 1:7—2:2 cm. long, terete, articulated 1-3 mm.

from the base, glabrous. Sepals 1:4 cm. long, `7 cm. broad, ovate, obtuse, and rounded

at the apex ; two of the sepals cucullate at the apex, glabrous (in dried specimens the folding

of the sepals gives them the appearance of being acuminate). Petals 1:7 cm. long, 1°4 cm.

broad, obovate, rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base into a short broad claw. Fila-

ments 5:5 mm. long ; anthers 3 mm. long, linear-oblong in outline, dehiscing by two apical

shts. Ovary of 10-13 carpels, about 1 mm. long; stvle 1 cm. long, somewhat compressed ;

stigmas either capitate or saucer-shaped, with the stigmatic surfaces arranged round the

rim. Fruit unknown.

Eastern REGION.—(webe Forest, July, Pretorius in Herb. Forest Dept. 1625 ; Notinsela

Forest, Feaen in Herb. Forest Dept. 1817; Ingeli Forest Reserve, December, Chilvers in

Herb. Forest Dept. 1945 ; at mouth of Umkwani River, October, Tyson, 2619.

QO. pulchra (Hook. fil., Ic. Pl. t. 588).

A small or large tree, 6-20 it. high. Branches usually white or light grey to brown in

colour, quite smooth or rough, with the epidermis peeling off in membranous flakes. Leaves

subsessile, 3°5-11 cm. long, 1:5—5 cm. broad, usually elliptic, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate,

rarely oblanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, sometimes mucronate, usually narrowed

at the base, more rarely rounded or subcordate ; margins entire or appearing entire to the

naked eye, more rarely with subulate teeth adpressed to the margins, with the mid-rib

prominent beneath and the lateral veins distinct, glabrous. Inflorescence a many-flowered

raceme, 2-12 cm. long. Pedicels 1-2°5 cm. long, glabrous, articulated at the base. Sepals

6-8 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, elliptic or suborbicular, obtuse, sometimes with cartilaginous

teeth on the margins. Petals 7-5-9 mm. long, 4°5-5°5 mm. broad, obovate, narrowed at the

base. Filaments 2 mm. long; anthers 1: 5-2 mm. long, oblong or oblong-linear in outline.

Ovary of 5-7 carpels; style 2 mm. long; stigmas as many as the carpels, about one-third

to a quarter as long as the style, recurved, with faintly bilobed apices. Fruit 11—-1:8 cm.

long, 8 mm. in diameter, kidney-shaped, and attached to the torus at the middle.—'* Flora

Capensis,” I, 449.

TRANSVAAL.—Northern Transvaal without precise locality, Becker in Herb. Albany

Mus.; Pretoria District : Premier Mine, Rogers 19846 ; Magaliesberg, October, Burke 302,

Schlechter 3623 ; Meintjes Kop, September, Robertson in Herb. Forest Dept. 1662; kopjes

round Pretoria, September, Miss Leendertz 300, 381, May, Burtt-Davy 2449; Koedoes-

poort, September, Miss Stent in Govt. Herb. 10527 ; Wonderboom, October, G.A.Z. in Herb.

Forest Dept. 1686, Mogg in Herb. Forest Dept. 1673 and in Govt. Herb. 11509, Galpin

6977, Burtt-Davy 2678 and in Herb. Forest Dept. 545, Miss Leendertz 431. Rustenburg

Dist. : Plains at foot of Magaliesberg,” Miss Pegler 1032 ; Wolhuterskop, Howlett in Govt.

Herb. 16176, Pole Evans in Govt. Herb. 15843; Silikats Nek, De Kroon, Putterill in Govt.

Herb. 16176: Rustenburg, Miss Leendert: 3369. Waterberg Dist. : EE Burtt-

Davy 2626 ; Leeuwpoort Tin Mines, Rogers 19071, 21874 ; Pietpotgietersrust, Burtt Davy

2289, Miss Leendertz 5635, 2392, Collector (2) in Herb. Bolus 10a; Chunies Poort, Pole

Evans 19460.

Ruopesta.—Veld; Victoria Falls, August—October, Miss Gibbs 305 ; sandy soil, Victoria

Falls, 2000 ft., Rogers, 5301, 5302, 5423; in open forest, Victoria Falls, 2900 ft., Galpin

7050 ; Livingstone, 3000 ft., October, Rogers, 7450 ; Victoria, Monro 1594, 2108.

This species is usually in flower late in September, and at the end of October the sepals

take on a red colour which makes the plant so conspicuous. The young fruits are then forming

and they mature in December. The flowers are sweetly scented; at first the sepals are bright

green, then change to olive-brown and red. The seeds are said to be poisonous.

Q. arborea (Burch. ex D.C. Prodr. 1, 786).

A shrub 8 ft. to a tree 30-40 ft. high. Bark smooth. Branches with light or dark

grey bark, with prominent lenticels and with the epidermis often peeling in

membranous flakes. Leaves subsessile, 1°5-6°5 cm. long, (8—3 cm. broad, mostly elliptic

more rarely lanceolate-elliptic or obovate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, rarely acute,

narrowed or rounded at the base, quite entire or appearing so to the naked eye, very rarely

distinctly serrated ; teeth when present more or less subulate and adpressed to the margin

of the leaf (except Wood 5878, in which the serrations are distinct). Inflorescence less than

1 cm. long, in a much abbreviated raceme of 3-7 flowers, very rarely solitary or 2-3-nate

at the apex of short shoots. Pedicels (V7—-1'2 cm. long, articulated about 1 mm. from the

base. Sepals 6°5 mm. long, 3:5-5 mm. broad, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex.

Peials “15-18 cm. long, 23-55) mm. broad, oblong or oblong-obovate, cuneate at the base.

Filaments 2°5-3 mim. long; anthers 1:5) mm. long, oblong in outline. Ovary of 4-6 carpels;

style 5°5-6 mm. long: stigmas as many as the carpels, or sometimes stigma subglobose.

Fruit ellipsoid or almost kidney-shaped, attached to the torus at the middle. —* Flora

Capensis,” I, 449; Som, ‘Forest and Forest Flora.” 163 pl. LHI

George Dist.: George, August. Rogers 4039; Woodville Forest, George, Sim in Herb. Forest

Dept. 3116, 3117. Knysna Dist.: Knysna Commonage, Keel 498; Christies Kloof, Gouna, near

Knysna, Collector (') in Herb. Forest Dept. 1312: Gouna River, September, Keet in Herb.

Forest Dept. 2529 ; WKaffirkop Forest, c. 1500 ft.. January, Watten in Herb. Forest Dept. 2943 ;

De Eiland, Rabbets in National Herb. 1420, 1421. Uitenhage Dist.: Oliphants Hoek and

Addo, September—October, #. and Z. 924; Zuurberg, Drege. Alexandria Dist.: Forests

near Alexandria. Strauch in Herb. Forest De pl. 7012, 3013, 3005. Albany Dist. : Blaauw

Krantz Bridge, October, Galpin 265: without precise locality, #. and Z.; Bothas Hall,

December, Salisbury 357: Salentown, Zeyher: near G rahamstown, MacOwan 110.

Stockenstrom Dist. : Katberg Mis. Hobson 1446. Kast London Dist. : Coast near Kast

London, April, Sim 2153; East London, July, Miss Gane 260; near Nahoon River,

August, Galpin 3291. Kingwilliamstown Dist. : Along the Buffalo River, near Kingwilliams-

town, November, Flanagan 359: Horseshoe Forest, December, Whithal in Herb. Forest Dept.

2941; Mkobisa Forest, December, Van der Merwe in Herb. Forest Dept. 2939; Western Pirie

Forest, January, Kopke in Herb. Forest Dept. 2940. Victoria East Dist.: Auckland

Forest, January, Ackermann in Herb. Forest Dept. 2942. Komgha Dist.: Woods near

Prospect Farm, November, Flanagan 359. WKentani Dist.: Forest near Kentani, July,

Miss Pegler 1216. Pondoland, Mpingo Forest, Fegen im Herb. Forest Dept. 3033, 3089.

Natal: Port Natal, Gueivzins ; Inanda, August, Wood 687, and in Natal Govt. Herb.

5878; without precise locality, Gerrard and McKen 834, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 73;

Victoria County, Wood: Shafton, Howick, Mrs. Hutton 153. y

Delagoa Bay: F. and Z. 926: Madame Borl’ 176, 16; Rogers 21373.

A large shrub (Wood). A forest tree, 15 ft. high, with masses of yellow flowers (Miss

Pegler). A small tree throughout the whole of the Knysna Forest; generally used for

making handles of tools and axes ; wood very strong and heav y and of great durability ; Ë

seeds attacked by caterpillars (Herb. Forest Dept. 1342).

O. O’Connorii, Phillips. Arbor. Cortex plana. Folia 5-10 cm. longa, 1°3-5 em. lata,

lanceolata, raro elliptica vel ovato-lanceolata, apice paullo angustata, obtusa,

Inflorescentia in racemo brevissime disposita ; flores solitarii vel 2—3-nati. Fructus

1°5 cm. long, 8 cm. latus, reniformis.

A tree. Bark comparatively smooth, somewhat flaky and ` chippy,” beet-red beneath

the surface (O'Connor). Branchlets somewhat pustulate, reddish-brown to dark-brown in

colour, not flaking. Leaves 5-10 cm. long (usually 6-8 cm. long), 1—8:5 em. broad, lanceolate,

rarely elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, slightly tapering at the apex, rarely acuminate or rounded

and retuse, obtuse, sometimes slightly tapering to the base and rounded, with the mid-rib-

prominent above and beneath and the lateral veins distinct above; glabrous. Inflor-

esence racemose with the flowers either solitary or 2-3-nate in the raceme. Pedicels 1-2°2 cm.

long, articulated 1-4 mm. from the base. Sepals 7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, broadly elliptic,

rounded at the apex. Petals 1:1-1:2 cm. long, 5-6°5 mm. broad, obovate, rounded EE

narrowed into a short broad claw at the base. Filaments 2°5 mi. long, ‘anthers 9:5 mm.

long, linear-oblong in outline. Ovary of 5-6 carpels ; style 5°5 mm. long ; stigmas as many

as the carpels. Fruit 1°5 em. long, 0°8 ¢m. broad, kidney-shaped, attached to the torus

at the concave side.

TRANSVAAL.—Barberton Dist.: Van der Merwes Bush, Pilgrims Rest, 5-5750 ft.

January, Burtt-Davy 1409; Barberton, February, Orangie in Colonial Herb. 1691; Legat

in Colonial Herb. 1316. Pietersburg Dist.: Woodbush Forest, October, Grenfell 3, and in

Colomal Herb. 1017 ; Dwyer; December—January, Botha in Herb. Forest Devt. 2929, 2934 ;

Legat in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 9711; by stream at Potatobush, c. 4750 ft., January, Burlt-

Davy 1193; Eastwood n Colonial Herb. 1286; Woodbush, 4900 ft. October, O'Connor

in Herb. Forest Dept. 2198; Lane-Poole in Herb. Forest Dept. 547; Grenfell im Colonial

Herb. 1112; without collector in Herb. Forest Dept. 542.

Known as the Cape Plane, Rooihout, Machailo, Rooi Yzerhout, Morelle.

O. Holstii (Engl. in Enel. Pflanzenw. Ostafr. c. 273).

A tree of timber size. Bark rough. Branchlets varying in colour from light to dark

brown, scarcely pustulate, not flaking. /Jeares deciduous, 5-8 cm. long, 0:8-2 cm. broad,

lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base into a short petiole, mid-

rib distinct above and beneath, lateral veins not evident, with the margins serrated and with

the serrations very erect, glabrous. Inflorescence on short shoots in abbreviated racemes,

up to 7-flowered. Pedicels 1:2-27 cm. long, terete, articulated 1-3 mm. from the base.

Sepals 1 cm. long, lengthening in the fruit, 0°5 cm. broad, elliptic, rounded at the apex,

glabrous (in dried specimens the folding of the sepals gives them the appearance of being

acuminate). Petals 8 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, obovate, rounded at the apex, narrowed

at the base into a short broad claw. Filaments 5 mm. long; anthers 2 mm. long, oblong

in outline, dehiscing by apical slits. Ovary of 4-5 carpels about 1 mm. long; style 6 mm.

long; stigma globose, faintly lobed. Frit ellipsoid, attached to the torus at one end.

EASTERN REGION.—Tembuland, Engcobo Mtn., Flanagan 2696. Natal: Ngomi,

Tustin in Herb. Forest Dept. 3115 ; Ingeli Forest Reserve, December—January, Chilvers in

Herb. Forest Dept. 1944, 1946; Tustin vm Herb. Forest Dept. 2907, 2984.

TRANSVAAL.—Pietersburg Div.: Woodbush, December, Botha in Herb. Forest Dept-

2935; 4960 ft., November, O'Connor in Herb. Forest Dept. 2197; without collector in

National Herb. 1242. Lydenburg Div.: Pilgrims Rest, Van der Merwes Bush, 5400-5750

{t.. January, Burlt-Davy 1408 ; EE at Pilgrims Rest, Collector (2) in Herb. Forest

Dept. 549. Barberton Div.: Barberton, Rogers 14996.

This tree flowers in November and sets its fruits in January, The sawyers call it the

“ real red pear” as distinct from Scolopia. In the Woodbush it is known as ~ rooi

yzerhout.”

O. natalitia (Engl. ef Gilg. in Engl. “ Bot. Jahrb.,” 33, 226; name only}.

Large shrub or smal! tree. Branches usually with prominent lenticels, often numerous:

but not a ig leyadote to the naked eve. Leaves subses ssile, 2-9 cm. long, (°5-2°5 em.

broad, usually lindeolate, more rarely lanceolate-elliptic or lanceolate- linear, cuneate or

slightly narrowed at the base, very rarely rounded at the base, obtuse or rounded at the

apex, ‘with serrated, very rarely entire margins, with the teeth usually incurved ; the

mid-rib distinct above and beneath and the lateral vein evident. Inflorescence either

solitary or 2-nate from the apex of short shoots, or 2-5-nate arising in the axils of the leaves,

very rarely in abbreviated racemes. Pedicels 0:4-15 cm. long, articulated at the base or

1 mm. from the base. Sepals 7-8 mm. long, 4:5—5*5 mm. broad, elliptic or rounded at the

apex. Petals 0:9-19 em. long, 6-7 mm. broad, obovate, narrowed at the base. Filaments

1-5-2 mm. long; anthers 1°5-2°5 mm. long, oblong in outline. Ovar y of 5-9 carpels : style

4°5-6°5 mm. long; stigma either discoid or stigmas as manv as the carpels. Fruit 0°8-1:4

cm. long, 5-9 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid, more rarely subglobose.—-O. atropurpurea, var.

natalitia, “ Flora Capensis,” I, 448; Sim, “ Forest and Forest Flora,” p. 163.

Coast Recion.—Uitenhage Div.: Uitenhage, May, EF. and Z. 935; Motinsele Forest,

December, Fegen in Herb. Forest Dept. 1816, 1818.

EASTERN REGION.— Natal: Berea, 200 ft., August. Wood 10060; Wood in Natal

Govt. Herb. 10062, 10064; without precise locality, Wood 6418; near Durban, Wood 72 ;

Benvie, Karkloof, 4000-500 ft. Wylie in Natal Govt. Herb. 10826 : (Wood 10034); Umzin-

yati, 200-500 ia October, Wood 11458; without precise locality, Cooper 1252.

ID87

ah .

SWAZILAND.—Komassan Valley, Havelock Concession, July, Galpin 983.

TRANSVAAL. Without precise locality, Miss Stent, in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8779.

Pietersburg Div.: The Downs, Rogers 22133; Tzaneen. Rogers 12540. Barberton Div. :

Umvoti Creek, near Barberton, 3000 ft., November, Galpin 660; Rogers 20267; Nelspruit,

October, Breyer im Herb. Transvaal Mus. 17701: between White River and Nelspruit,

Burtt-Davy 1510; Carolina, September, Roberts in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 15874.

O. leptoclada ((liy., “Fl. Trop. Afr.” 1. 318).

A bush, 2-3 ft. high (Galpin).» Branches somewhat pustulate with ash-grey bark and

with the epi MIS peeling eff in membranous flakes. Young leaves 9:5—6:5 cm. long, ("6-1

cm. broad, lancealate, subacute, tapering at the base, with serrated margins, sometimes

subentire. Mature leaves 5-115 em. long, 14-24 em. broad, mostly oblanceolate, some-

times lanceolate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, usually long-attenuate at the base, more

rarely only narrowed, with the mid-rib prominent above and beneath, and the lateral veins

distinct, with serrated margins, rare ‘lv subentire. Inflorescence mostly unbellate on

abbreviated shoots, 3—4-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary. Pedicels 1-2°5 cm. long,

articulated at the very base. Se pals 7 i mm. long, 5 mm. broad, obovate or elliptic, rounded

attheapex. Pe op, | cm. long. 5 om. broad, obovate, rounded at the apex, narrowed into

a claw at the base. Filaments 5 mm. long ; anthers 1°5 mm. long, oblong-linear. Ovary of 2

carpels ; style 4°5 mm. long ; stigma capitate. Fruit about 6 mm. in diameter, subglobose.

TRANSVAAL.-- Barberton Div.: Barberton, November, Rogers 18264, and in Herb.

Transvaal Mus, 15976; mountain sides, Moodies, near Barberton, September—October,

3500 ft. Galpin 590 ; mountains near Barberton, Bolus 7693. Lydenburg Div.: Pilgrims

Rest, c. 3500 ft., October, Rogers, 23068, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 20541.

Ruopesia.—North-West Rhodesia: Pemba, 3500 ft., October, Rogers 8579; Ndola,

October, Allen, 304; Chilanga, 3500 ft. Rogers 8455. | Umtali Div. : Odanzi River Valley,

Teaque 399, 497.

BELGIAN Conco: Elisabethville, 4800 ft., Rogers 10194.

O. atropurpurea [PEO. in “Ann. Mus. Par.,” XVIT (1811), 4121.

Small shrub, 3-5 ft. high. Branches densely covered with pedarens lenticels giving

them a lepidote appearance to the naked eve. Leaves subsessile, (“8-5 cm. long, 0°4-1°9

cm. broad, usually elliptic, rarely elliptic-ovate, elliptic-oblong, or elliptic-lanceolate, more

rarely lanceolate, obtuse, rounded or slightly narrowed at the base, with serrated margins

and the teeth usually triangular erect and acute, more rarely incurved, with the mid-rib

prominent above, and lateral veins evident. Flowers solitary at the apex of short shoots,

very rarely 2-nate. Pedicels 1-1:5 em. long, articulated at the base or about 1 mm. from the

base. Sepals 6-7 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, elliptic, elliptic-ovate or elliptic-oblong,

rounded at the apex. Petals 0°9-1°3 cm. long, obovate, cuneate at the base. Filaments

22-75 mm. long ; anthers 2-3°5 mm. long, oblong or linear in outline. Ov ary of 5-6 carrels ;

style 5-7 mm. Jong; stigmas as many as the carpels. Fruit 7 mm. long, about 5 mm. in

diameter, subglobose.—'* Flora Capensis,” I, 448; Sim, “ Forests and Forest Flora,” p. 163,

pl. xxix, fig. 2

Cape Province.—Caledon Div. : Genadendal, 2500 ft., April, Schlechter 7749 ; Bedford,

June, Miss Nicol 49. Knysra Div. : Woods at Knysna, Newdigate in Herb. Albany Museum ;

Watton in National Herb. 1419. Port Elizabeth Div.: Van Stadens, September, Mrs.

Patterson 737, MacOwan in Cape Govt. Herd. Albany Div.: Howisons Poort, near

Grahamstown, MacOwan in Herb, Austro-Afric. 1766; Rockliffe, near Sidbury, November,

Miss Daly 771 ; Grahamstown Commonage, 2000 ft., September, Schonland 570: rocky

hills near Grahamstown, 2000-2509 ft., Angust, Galpin 48 ; near Grahamstown, September,

MacOwan 111; and in Natal Govt. Herb. 850; January, Breyer in Herb. Transvaal Mus.

16866; Signal Hill, near Grahamstown, 2200 ft., September, Bolus 1920. Queenstown

Div. : Among rocks on hillside, Junction Farm, Queenstown, 2500 [t., Miss Wiggill in Herb.

Galpin 8257. East London Div.: East London, December, Breyer in Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 19544. Komgha Div.: Wood near Prospect Farm, November, Flanagan 322.

Stockenstrom Div.: In bush at Willisdale, September, Scully 77; Kat River, Beriels ;

Katberg Forest, January, Stapels in Herb. Forest Dept. 2937, 2938 Stutterheim Div. :

Stutterheim, December, Rogers 12726; Transkei, Umtata, Convent School Herb. 194 ;

Kentani, 1200 ft., October, Miss Pegler 194; rocky spots near Bazya, 2000 ft., October,

Baur 258 ; Maseko Forest, Negeleni, Deoennbes Fegen in Herb. Forest Dept. 1819; Pondo-

land, Mgazama River, near McAllister’s Drift, Port St. Johns, Miller in Herb. Forest Dept.

3024.

Natau.—Near Umkomaas River, October, Tyson 2659 ; Natal Bay, Gueinzius ; without

locality, Wood 190.

ZULULAND.—(Judeni Forest, 6000 ft., January, Davis 108.

- TRANSVAAL.—Barberton Div.: Near Barberton, September, Bolus. A small stunted

shrub. Plentiful on edge of forest, but does not appear to seed freely (Fegen).

Var. angustifolia, Phillips. Differs from the type in having smaller, narrower lanceolate

leaves. |

TRANSVAAL.—Barberton Div.: Margin of wood, upper Moodies, 4500 ft., June, Galpin

963, and in Natal Government Herb. 8761. Ermelo Div.: Nooitgedacht, December, Mrs.

Pott 5096, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 14933. Lydenburg Div.: Between Pilgrims

Rest and Sabi, Rogers 23410.

SWAZILAND.—Havelock Concession, Saltmarsh in Herb. Galpin. A shrub 3 ft. high

(Galpin).

O. pretoriensis, Phillips (‘ Flowering Plaat &. Afr.,” vol. in).

Branchlets with light to dark-brown bark, peeling in membranous strips, not distinctly

pustulate. Leaves 1°5-3°8 em. long, 0-5-1: 7 cm. broad, lanceolate, obovate, elliptic, or

oblanceolate (mostly oblanceolate), ohtuse at the apex, cuneate, more rarely rounded at the

base, with serrated margins and with the mid-rib distinct and lateral veins evident. Flowers

solitary, very rarely 2-nate, arising at the apex of abbreviated shoots. Pedicels 1-1:5 em.

long, articulated at the base or 1-2 mm. above the base. Sepals 7—8 mm. long, 4-5 mm.

broad, ovate or alia rounded at the apex, sometimes 9—3- -lobed at the apex, enlarging

in fruit, Petals 1° 5 cm. long, 8:5 mm, broad, obovate, rounded at the apex, narrowed at

)

the base into a claw. Filaments 4:5 mm. long; anthers 2 mm. long, oblong in outline.

Ovary of 4-5 carpels: style 5 mm. long; stigmas as many as the carpels. Fruit 7-8 mm. long,

5-6 mm. broad, more oz less ellipsoid. tn

TRANSVAAL. — Pretoria Div. : Below River Redoubt, Daspoort Rand, October (fruits),

Pole Evans 157; Pretoria, December (fruits), Nelson in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 11709 ;

February (fruits), Miss Leendertz 65, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 4199: November (flowers)

Miss Leendertz 301; Meintjes Kop, March (fruits), Pole Evans 353; Kopje near Gezina,

Phillips in National Herb. 1422; Fouche in National Herb, 1491; Moorddrift, October

(fruits), Leendertz 2131, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 7333; Rikatla, October (fruits),

Junod 147, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 90146 : near Messina. c. 1800 ft.. November

(fruits), O'Connor in Herb. Forest Dept. 1936; Messina, October (fruits), Rogers 19398,

20029, 19244, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 17762.

WHE GENUS. -OlEN LA

Py ON HOFMEYR and i. P. Puruiips MA Doe BLES.

Division of Botany, Pretoria.

THE genus Olima was founded by Thunberg in 1799 (Roem. Arck.,” II, i, 4, 1799), and

belongs to the natural order Lythrarieae. The genus contains imporiant forest trees,

and was first dealt with in this connection by Sim in his “ Forests and Forest Flora,” p. 227.

Sim only recognized one species, viz. O. cymosa, but divided this into three varieties, as

follows :—-

Var. latifolia, mostly in the Western Province.

Var. zntermedia, found in the Midland Conservancy and sparingly elsewhere.

Var. acuminata, the common form in the Eastern and Transkeian Conservancies.

The examination of all the material in the South African herbaria has led us to regard

var. latifolia and var. intermedia as belonging to the species O. cymosa, and var. acuminata

as a distinct species which Klotzsch first named O. acuminata. The leaf characters which

Sim gives for the first two varieties are not constant in the areas in which they are stated

to occur, and we have failed to find even constant varietal characters. The var. acwminat.:

which has again been raised to specific rank can easily be distinguished from O. cymosa

by the shape of the petals and, to a lesser degree, by the shape of the leaves. In the former

the petals are “linear-spathulate” (Pl. IJ, figs. 2, 3), while in the latter (O. cymosa) the petals

are `` obovate-spathulate ` (Pl. I, figs. 2, 8). These characters, in conjunction with its

distinct distribution, all point to the tree being quite distinct from O. cymosa. It is the plant

which Sim has figured on Plate LX XII in his work cited above.

In the “ Index Kewensis ”’ two other specific names are mentioned, viz. O. ternata, Gilg

and O. micrantha, Dere. As no other descriptions of these were availablein South Africa,

the Director of Kew was asked for assistance. Jn a letter from Kew received in January,

1921, it is stated that “ the name O. ternata, Gilg is apparently not vet published but Gilg

determined a specimen himself collected by Mrs. H. Hutton at Howisons Poort near

‘rahamstown as this species.” There can be no doubt that this is O. cymosa. From the

description of O. ternata, Decne., kindly sent to us by the Director of Kew, we also have no

hesitation in confirming this to be O. cymosa. Decaisne founded his description on Burchell

3592, which was not represented in any of the South African herbaria. Another species

from Zululand and East Pondoland was named by Dr. Stapf as O. radiata but the name has

not been published. As this name is now known to foresters, we do not propose to

change it.

The Curator of the Botanical Department of the British Museum was good enough

to furnish a scrap of Welwitsch 991 collected at Huilla and stated to be O. cymosa, but an

examination of this makes it verv doubtful whether 0. cymosa does occur in tropical

Africa. This has now been confirmed by Kew, as the Director writes : “* Welwitsch 991

is not represented at Kew, but reference to the British Museum material leads us to agree

that it is distinct from O. cymosa. It very closely resembles O. usambarensis (Holst 9115).”

Through the courtesy of the Forest Department, we have been able to give some notes

on two of the species, O. cymosa and O. radiata.

Mr. J. D. Keet, District Forest Officer, Knysna, writes regarding O. cymosa :

in all forests in Knysna and Zitzikamma Districts, mostly in forests on the coastal plateau

at elevations of 700 to 900 ft. approximately, less frequent in the forests on the foothills

and mountain ravines and scarce in the coastal scrub. Its total range is from 300-400 to

2000 ft. approximately. It is comparatively intolerant of shade and superflous soil moisture,

and generally avoids cool slopes, ravines. low-lying ground, and streams. It is often a fore-

runner of the forest-like ‘ Keur’ (Virgilia capensis), * ® Beech’ (Myrsine melanophleos), ete., and

like the Sneezewood (Ptaerocylou utile), it prefers the crests of ridges, rocks, and stony

ground. Other conditions being suitable, it grows equally well on ‘soils originating from

Table Mountain Sandstone, Bokkeveld, C onglomerate, and old sand-dunes (2). The result

is that it is found mostly on ridges on the north and west slopes near the crest of a ridge,

the edge of the forest, and fre guently in small groups or as isolated trees in the ` fijnbos.’

It is a medium-sized tree in height and usually in bole. The thickest | have measured

is 15 ft. in girth, the largest bole 32 ft., and the greatest height 70 ft. (estimated). The

thicker trees are often somewhat gnarle d, fluted, and buttressed, and with unsound heart-

wood. Where exposed to the full hght it forms full-foliaged and much-branched symetrical

crowns on low stems. This is generally the case in older trees which have been a fore-

runner of the forest. The bark is thin, usually dark, and decorticating in scales on the lower

part of stems of older trees; sometimes reddish or brownish pigment shows in the cracks

and under the scales. Bark on the smaller branches smooth and grey. At a glance in the

forest the bark may sometimes be confused with that of ` Quar ’ (Plectronia obovata). The

wood is used in wagon work (such as felloes, spokes, long-wagon poles), fencing and tele-

graph poles, railway sleepers, furniture, etc. The plant coppices freely, and coppice shoots

are Vigorous on small and medium sized trees, but usually too dense, in which case all may

die back at a height of 6-8 ft.. when fewer will reach pole size in twenty to twenty- -five

vears. On stools of trees felled in 1917 at Harkerville the coppice 13 now 6-8 ft. high. Seed.

lings occur sparingly in open space in worked-out forests and in the ‘ fijnbos’ edge, but

are absent in dense forest. Several attempts to germinate the seeds in nurseries have

either failed completely or given very poor results. Seedlings and saplings in the forest

are fairly fast growing. In the forest a rough and ready test by which the tree may be

recognized is the strong prussic acid or almond smell of the leaves, twigs, freshly- -cut bark,

and sapwood. The name ` mountain hard pear’ is applied to this species.

O. radiata. This is said to be the largest tree growing in the Ingeli Forest, and is over

[2 ft. girth at breast high. The District Forest Officer, Transkeian. Conservancy, reports

“that the bark has a strong almond-lke smell, and w hen placed in water turns it a blue-

blackcolour. The wood is used for felloes.” Forester Fegen, in submitting specimens of the

tree, states: “This tree grows to a large size and is very plentiful in the Izinja, Ngododo,

Qakama. Maseko. and neighbouring forests, and is not found elsewhere in the district.

The young wood is quadrangular, usually red in colour, as are the leaves. Flowers white

with a tinge of purple in small dense clusters. Fruit plum- shaped, reddish purple in colour

when ripe, is eaten by birds, and I hear by natives. The tree flowers about November

and the fruit is ripe about July. The wood is reported to be hard and durable, but nothing

is really known about the tree here. Young trees and saplings are used by the natives.”

Forester Leigh gives the native name of the tree as `` umpanzi,” and states that sawyers

confuse this with ` umpanzite ` (Phyllanthus amapodensis) as the wood is the same. It

is fairly abundant in the Ntsubane Forest. Forester Leigh also states that he only knows

of it growing between Umsikaba and Umzimhlava Rivers, and that it is a large semi-deciduous

tree 60-70 ft. high with a girth of 10-12 ft. Old trees grow out in ribs near the ground.

Used for wagon work (naves. felloes, etc.), and believed to make a good charcoal. It is

plentiful in parts of the Ntsubane Forest, but on the whole scarce.

O. ecuminata. We have not been able to obtain any special information about this

species, but in the Woodbush Forest, Pietersburg, Transvaal, it is known as “ roodebosje.”

The distribution of the three species found in South Africa is fairly well defined,

“ Found

;

‘

Plate 1.

LDS...

WILLE

Olinia cymosa, Thunb.

166

Olinia cymosa extends from the Cape Peninsula along the coastal belt ag far as the

Kei mouth, beyond which we have no record of its occurrence. MacOwan collected the

species at Somerset East, which is the only record of its inland occurrence.

Olinia radiata. Is found in the Pondoland forests and extends as far as Ingeli in

Natal.

Olinia acuminata. This is an inland species. The most southern record is at Queens-

town, and from there it extends to the slopes of the Drakensberg in East Griqualand to

the mountainous districts of the eastern Transvaal (Barberton), and occurs again in the

Woodbush Forest in the Pietersburg District. An outlier of the species is recorded from the

Magaliesberg in the Transvaal.

The flowers are largely infected by a Hemiptera larva which appears to arrest their

development, which is reflected in the length of the calyx-tube. In some specimens the

calyx-tube is much longer than the petals, i in other it equals the petals, while specimens

are found in which the calxy-tube is shorter than the petals. All gradations are found

even on the Same specimen.

Two specimens of O. cymosa differ slightly from the other specimens of the species

examined in that the petals are rounded at the apex and not bluntly pointed (Kast London,

Rattray 849, Somerset East, Bolus 1772), but in specimens collected by Flanagan near the Kei

mouth both forms of petals occur,

KEY TO SPECIES

Petals obovate-spathulate. ... isi eens ea ee G cymosa,

Petals linear-spathulate.

Inflorescence lax, about half as long as the subtending

load. ee we esels eed Ne oa alate OO ee eee acuminata,

Inflorescence compact very much shorter than the

subtending load... soos EE a sine oes radiata.

Olinia cymosa, Thunb., “Flora Capensis,” 194. (Plate I.)

Branches glabrous. Leaves 3°7 em. long, 1-3°5 em. broad, lanceolate, obovate, elliptic,

acuminate, obtuse, sometimes rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base into a distinct

petiole, margins entire, sometimes wavy, glabrous, green and shiny above, paler beneath.

Inflorescence axillary, a dense trichotomous cyme, very much shorter than the subtending

leaf. Bracts opposite. same length as the flowers, often deciduous. Penduncles minutely

pubescent. Calyx-tube 1-6 mm. long, glabrous or minutely hairy with ftve minute teeth.

Petals five, inserted at the throat of the tube, about one-third the length of the calyx,

rarely equalling it, spathulate, acute or obtuse at the apex, with a cluster of hairs at the

base. Scales five incurved, alternating with the sepals, minute, obovate, densely hairy.

Stamens five, adnate to calyx below the scales ; filaments very short. Ovary inferior, five-

celled, with three pendulous ovules from a central placentum i in each cell; style subulate ; :

stigma obtuse. Fruit globose, 1 cm. in diameter.—‘ Flora Capensis,” I, 520, Exel. var.

acuminata ; Sim, “ Forest and Forest Flora,’ 227, Excl. var. acuminata, pl. LX XIT, fig. 14.

CarpE.—Slang Kui, Table Mountain, October, MacOwan in Herbarium Austro-

africanum 927 ; Kirstenbosch, Table Mountain, November, December, Harvey, July, Zeyher

179 and 244; August, L. Kensit in Herb. Bolus Austro-africana 10748 ; Table Mountain,

August, M. Page in Herb. Afric. Bolusianum 1633; Devils Peak, September, Zeyher ;

Paarl, August, October, Drége; Hottentot Hollands Mts.. July, Zeyher; Swellendam,

Voormansbosch, October, Zeyher ; Grootvadersbosch, October, Pappe 130, Zeyher, 2434 ;

Knysna, Commonage forests, August, J. D. Keet in Herb. Forestry Dept. 2336; May, Scott-

Elliot in Forest Dept. Herb. 1349 ; Collector (?) Forest Dept. Herb. 1850. Port Elizabeth:

September, 1. 1. Drége in Herb. Albany Museum 541; August, F. Paterson in Herb. Afri-

canium Bolusianum 2320, 2319, 1155; August, Dom. Honseley in Herb. Albany Museum.

Humansdorp: August, F. A. Rogers in Herb. Albany Museum 3016. Van Stadens:

September, 7. V. Paterson in Herb. Albany Museum 230. Bethelsdorp: September, 7. V.

10]

Plate II.

Hella Gower.

—

“>=

Dor]

“>

109

Paterson in Herb. Albany Museum 2151. Somerset East: November, H. Bolus 1772.

Grahams'own : “ Amos’s Vil,” MacOwdn 349; August, September, E. E. Galpin in Herb.

Albany Museum 88. Howisons Poort: September, Schénland 818; Zeyher 2465. Hast

London : October, Geo. Rattray in Herb. Albany Museum 849; Kei Mouth, July, Flanagan

2341.

Olinia acuminata, Klotz in “ Otto and Diets. Allg. Gartenz,” IV (1836), 27 (Pl. II).

Branches glabrous. Leaves 2-3 cm. long, 0 5-1:5 em. broad, lanceolate, elliptic:

acuminate, narrowed at the base into a more or less distinct petiole, with entire margins,

glabrous. green and shiny above, paler beneath. Inflorescence an axillary trichotomous

cyme, a little shorter than the subtending leaf. Bracts deciduous. Calyx-tube 2-9 mm. long,

glabrous or minutely pubescent, with five minute teeth. Petals five, inserted at the throat

of the calyx-tube, about one-third the length of the calyx, linear, rounded at the apex,

with a small tuft of hairs at the base. Scales five, incurved, alternating with the petals,

minute, obovate, densely hairy. Stamens five, adnate to calyx below the scales ; filaments

very short. Ovary inferior, five-celled, with three pendulous ovules from a central placentum

in each cell; style Ee ; stigma obtuse. Fruit globose, 3 mm. in diameter.—'* Flora

Capensis,” ta 590. O. cymosa, var. acuminata; Sim, “ Forests and Forest Flora,” 227.

CapE —Queenstown, Rockwood, Bongolo, February, 2. 2. Galpin 2500. Transkei,

Kaffraria, January, 7. R. Sim 2026; June, 2099.

NATAL.—Maclear, Pot. River Berg, March, &. E. Galpin 6628, 6629; Drakensberg,

May, J. Medley Wood 4957 ; Giant’s Castle, June, R. EB. Simons in Herb. Trans. Museum

15965.

TRANSVAAL. Barberton, Upper Moodies, January, &. &. Galpin 1275; Rustenburg,

January, Olive Nation in Herb. Bolusianum 1906 ; Mag: lisberg, Zeyher 494 ;. Woodbush,

northern Transvaal, January, (.d. 0.) Connor in Forest Dept. Herbarium 1458 ; Dulstroom,

January, F. O. Noome in Herb. of Trans. Museum 20812; Elandspruitberg, December,

R. Schlechter 3864.

Olinia radiata, sp. nov. (Plate III). Rami glabni. Folia 5-8 cm. longa, 18-88 em.

lata, lanceolata, obovata, lanceolato-elliptica vel elliptica, subacuminata, apice obtusa.

vel aliquando subrotundata, basi angustata. Inflorescentia axillaria, compacta. Pedunculus

minute pubescens. Calyci tubus 14 mm. longus, glaber vel minute pubescens. Pelala 1:2

mn. longa, linearia, spathulata, apice acuta. Squamae minutae, obovatae, pilosae.

Branches glabrous. Leaves 5-9 cm. long, 1°8-3°8 cm. broad, lanceolate, obovate,

lanceolate-elliptic, or elliptic, mostly subacuminate, obtuse, more rarely rounded at the apex,

narrowed at the base into a more or less distinct petiole, margins entire and usually wavy,

glabrous. Jnflorescence axillary, a dense trichotomous cyme, very muck shorter than the

subtending leaf. Bracts opposite, smaller than the flowers, deciduous. Pedwncles minutely

pubescent. Calya-tube 1-4 mm. long, glabrous, or minute hairy; teeth very minute.

Petals five, inserted at the throat of the calyx-tube, 1-2 mm. long, lmear-spathulate, acute,

with a small tuft of hairs at the base. Scales incurved, alternating with the petals, minute,

obovate, densely hairy. Stamens five, adnate to the calyx below the scales; filaments

very short. Ovary inferior, five-celled, with three pendulous ovules from a central placentum

in each cell; style subulate, stigma obtuse. Mature fruit globose, 1-8 cm. in diameter.

TRANSEEI: Ngadodo Forest, Ngqeleni, November, Fegen in Herb. Forest Dept. 2286,

and in Government Herb. 18361; September, Fegen n Herb. Forest Dept. 2490. PONDO-

LAND: Ngadu Forest Station, May, Van der Vyvier in Herb. Forest Dept. 2472. Lusikisiki

Dist.: Ntsubani Forest, A. Leigh in Herb. Forest Dept. 2051, 1553; Mpanzi, February,

A. Leigh in Herb. Forest Dept. 1839. NATAL: Ingeli Forest ‘Station, November, C. W.

Chilvers in Herb. Forest Dept. 1942; Impetyne, February, J. S. Henkel in Herb. Forest Dept.

2382.

Plate 111.

NS NES

` N SN

QQ Ed;

: UY.

N Vak “a q 5 —. N Ao Z ——

4 ve AE LGU

: stdla Gower.

Otinia radiata, Phill. and Hofmeyr.

| EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate I.—Olinia cymosa, Thunb.

Fig. 1. Portion of branch.

Fig. 2. Flower.

Fig. 3. Longitudinal EED of flowers showing stamens, scales, ovary, aoe st:

Fig. 4. Scale.

Fig. 5. Cross-section of ovary.

Fig. 6. Stamen.

Figs. A, B; C. Types of leaves.

Plate I1.—Olinia acuminata, Klotz.

Fig. 1. Portion of branch.

Fig. 2. Flower.

Fig. 3. Longitudinal ER of flower.

Fig. 4. Scale.

Fig. 5. Stamen.

Fig. 6. Cross-section of ovary.

Plate TU.—Olinia radiata, Phill. and Hofmeyr.

. Portion of branch.

. Flower.

. Longitudinal section of flower,

. Scale.

. Stamen.

. Stamen and scale.

. Cross-section of ovary.

EE entry.

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TEE GENUS GYELOPIA. VENT.

Ps JOUN HOEMEYR and HK. P. PHILLIPS M.A. D5c., BLS.

Division of Botany, Pretoria.

THE genus Cyclopia was founded by Ventenat in 1808. Two years later a plant, now

known as Cyclopia genistoides, was figured i in the Botanical Magazine, t. 1259, and described

as the tvpe of a new genus, viz. Ibbetsonia. In 1825 the genus (/yclopia was dealt with

in De Candolle's * Prodromus ” (Vol. IH, p. 101), and three species described, and it was

not until 1861 that Harvey revised the genus in the “ Flora Capensis ” (Vol. 1, p. 6). Since

Harvey's account nothing has been written on the genus, but in the interval nich material

has accumulated in local herbaria which extends our knowledge of the species.

Several species of ('yclopic have become of some commercial value locally as the source

of ` bush tea,’ and it was with the object of clearly defining the known species as a

foundation on which any future experimental work might be based that this revision of the

genus was undertaken.

Harvey in the “ Flora Capensis ”’ recognized nine species, but our examination of all

the available local material has led us to subdivide the genus into twelve very distinct

species. The species are all shrubs with ternate, very often revolute leaves, and yellow

flowers. They are mostly confined to the Western Province and the south-eastern regions,

but one species extends as far as Port Elizabeth. According to observations made by

Forest Officers, most of the species grew well in all situations and soils, except on stiff

clayey soils. The cultivation of the species used as “ bush teas ” should be experimented

with, and should not prove difficult, though the young seedlings may require some shelter

until firmly established.

The method at present used for preparing * "bush teas '' for local consumption is to heat

the leaves in an oven for about an hour to produce “ sweating,” after which they are dried

in the sun. When thoroughly dry the leaves and smaller twigs are removed from the

stem and larger branches, packed, and sold under various names. If the demand for

“ bush tea ” is sufficiently great, cultivation trials will be justified, as it may then be possible

to put a superior article on the local market.

Our thanks are due to the Curators of the Albany Museum Herbarium, the Cape

Government Herbarium, the Transvaal Museum Herbarium, and the Forest Department

for allowing us to examine the material in their respective herbaria.

C. gemstoides. The District Forest Officer, Elgin, Caledon District, reports: `` This

species grows on the slopes of mountains and hills, and is found in fairly large quantities

on the Groenland Range, near Elgin. It grows to approximately 2 2 ft. n height. The leaves

and flowers are sun-dried,” Known as “ honey tea.”

C. tenuifolia. The District Forest Officers, Elgin, Caledon District, reports: “This

species is not unlike the ` Loney tea’ (C. genistoides) ; the flowers are similar in colour

and appearance, but the leaves are finer and longer. It is sun-dried before being used,

and has a stronger flavour.” Known as “ vlei tea.”

106

. brachypoda. The District Forest Officer, Elgin, Caledon District, reports: ‘ The

leaves are broader and longer than the other two species (C. genistoides and C. tenuifolia).

It also flowers later. It is found in large quantities throughout the Caledon and Swellendam

Districts, and shares popularity with ` honey tea’ (C. genistoides) as a beverage amongst

the poorer classes. It is prepared in a similar manner to ‘ honey and vlei tea,’ known as

‘ Heidelberg tea.” ”

('. subternata. The District Forest Officer at Grootvadersbosch, Swellendam District,

reports: “ This variety is known as the “common bush tea, and thrives abundantly

along the slopes of the Langeberg Mountain Range in the Divisions of Swellendam and

Riversdale, and large quantities are available each year. The flowering season is generally

in the month of August. Large guantities are collected on private ground, the bulk of

which is used by poor whites and coloured people, very little being sold owing to the small

amount (14d. per tb.) offered by local buyers after preparation.” A form of this species

is known as `` Hottentot’s tea,” and according to the District Forest Officer at Groot-

vadersbosch, `` only small quantities of this tea can be found growing, especially in the

heart of the Langeberg Mountain Range. Flowering season in August. Very little tea

is collected annually.”

('. Ashtonii. The District Forest Officer at Grootvadersbosch, Swellendam District.

states : “This tea, like C’. subternata, thrives well along the mountain slopes of the Langeberg,

but prefers the damper places. Consequently, the only large patches are found on the

mountain side. The flowering season is about November, which is practically the only

time that this tea is collected, and then only in small quantities.” Locally known as

“vlei tea

Burtonii. The Conservator of Forests, Knysna, reports: “It is known in the

Zwartberg Mountains as ` heuning or sugar tea. 'The shrub grows to a height of 14-18 in.,

and is only found in a few places on the Lwartbe TY Mounted. Apparently it grows ey

a higher altitude than the ordinary ` bush tea,’ and appears able to stand the frost “better.”

CYCLOPIA, VENT.

Erect branched shrubs. Leaves sessile, palmately trifoliate ; leaflets narrow-linear,

lanceolate or very rarely ovate, glabrous or pubescent, frequently with revolute margins ;

stipules none. Peduncles axillary, one-flowezcd, with two, rarely three, bracts at the base.

Flowers bright yellow. Calyx subequally 5- -cleft, with an intruse base. Verillum roundish,

plaited at the base and with a short claw ; alae oblong, with a transverse fold; carina

incurved, obtusely rostrate, with a small triangular pocket. Stamens separate or slightly

connate at the base ; filaments dilated. Ovary glabrous, several ovuled. Legume oblong,

compressed, with coriaceous valves.

KEY TO SPECIES.

Plants glabrous or nearly so.

Leaflets flat or with slightly recurved margins. ~

Braate ree... is. cic. sr os ieee en cae Pe ek AE eg EO ie ee 1. Burtonii.

Bracts two.

Leaflets ovate, cordate or truncate at the base................... 2. latifolia.

Leaflets elliptic, oblong or sublanceolate-linear, obtuse or acute.

Pedicels exceeding the small obtuse or acute bracts; lobes of

the calyx equalling the tube or rarely shorter............ 3. subternata,

Pedicels the same length as the bracts; the lobes of the calyx

exceeding the tube... : . sa denne hh ae oe eee 4. brachypoda.

Leaflets linear or filiform with strongly revolute margins.

" Brects very broad, obtuse. .2. . sad eee ee fa N 5. tenuifolia.

Bracta boatahaped, aente.....s oa «pcm sa Ben Ee be Ke ote weeeeee 6. genistoides,

107

Plants villous or pubescent at least on the younger parts.

Fidel ribed i survedl 4 bie apex. sd. AE ed N AA dad cep deed et 7. pubescens.

Bracts smooth, straight.

Flowers pedicellate.

Calyx glabrous.

He deis hmear- strongly revolute. .. EE EE 2 ae Te wel So 8. galioides.

Leaflets narrowly ovate, cordate at the base, slightly revolute... 9. Ashtonii.

OER SA OER RE AE ont oan hac EE EE N of she 10. Bolusii.

Flowers subsessile.

Bikes de calyx falcate.. ME ER le eesti ima RAD de om ee 11. sessiliflora.

Robesco: uhe calyx oblong snot, faleate Ki. EE ae ets oct poe ea 12. montana.

1. C. Burtonii, sp. nov.

Rami glabri. Foliola subsessilia, 0°6-1'2 cm. longa, 2 mm. lata, lanceolato-elliptica,

apice acuta, plana, marginibus leviter reflexis. Bracteae 3, 1-2 mm. longae, lanceolatae,

apice acutae. Calyx 3 mm. longa; lobi ovato-acuminati. Vezdlum 8°5 mm. longuin,

6 mm. latuni, apice acutum; ala oblonga; carina rostrata.

Oudtshoorn Division: Zwartberg Mcuntains, November, Burton 1a Herb. Forest Dept.

2914.

A much-branched glabrous shrub, 30-37 em. high. Leaflets subsessile, 0:6-12 cm.

long, 2 mm. broad, lanceolate-elliptic, acute at both ends, flat, with slightly reflexed margins.

Bracts three, 1-2 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, equalling the pedicel; one adnate to the

pedicel and smaller than the other two. Calyx 3 mm. long; lobes ovate, acuminate,

longer than the tube. Vezillum 8:5 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, acute ; alae narrow-oblong ;

carina very obtusely rostrate.

El kikidiia (1).C., Predr., 2, p. 101).

Plant glabrous. Stem strongly ribbed. Leaflets sessile, 0°5-2°3 cm. long, 0°3-1°5 cm.

broad, ovate, mucronate, cordate or truncate at the base, with entire slightly recurved

margins ; the middle lea?et the longest. Bracts two, 0°5 cm. long, sharp pointed, as long

as or almost as long as the pedicel, persistent. Pedicel 0'8-1 cm. long. Calyx 0°5 cm. long ;

segments acute, slightly falcate, as long as the tube; the lowest segment longer and

minutely toothed at the base.—‘‘ Flora Capensis,’’ IT, 6.

Cape Division: Table Mountain, October, Bodkin in Herb. Bolus 8038. :

3. C. subternata (Vog. Linn. 10, p. 595).

A branched glabrous shrub. Stems ribbed. Leaflets. 1:25-3°75 em. long, 2-5 mm.

broad, elliptic, oblong or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, t'at, with reflexed margins. Bracts

two, 2 mm. long, rarely 4 mm. long, broadly ovate, mucronate, shorter than the pedicels.

Pedicel 4-11 mm. long. Calyx 4-5 mm. long; lobes deltoid, obtuse or subacute, as long

as or shorter than the tube.—C. Vogelli, Harv.. var. subternata, Harv., “ Flora Capensis,”

LE, 6.

George Division: Without precise locality, September, District Forest Officer in Herb.

Forest Dept. 3112. Port Elizabeth Division: Port Elizabeth, Patterson 863; Witte Els

Bosch. Zitzikama, September, Galpin 3899. Riversdale Division: Muis Kraal. near

Garcias Pass, October, Galpin 3900: Phillips in Herb. Musei Austro-Afric. 1991: Toll

House, 1700 ft., October, Bolus 11249. Swellendam Division: Grootvadersbosch, District

Forest Officer in Herb. Forest Dept. 2844, 2845. Cape Division : Capetown, October, Tyson.

Paarl Division: French Hoek, September, Bolus. Tulbagh Division: Witsenberg Vlakte,

November, Zeyher. Knysna Division: Knysna, September, Keet in Herb. Forest Dept.

2539 ; Plettenberg Bay, Zeyher. Ceres Division: Koude Bokkeveld, September, Schlechter

8922, Burchell 5549. (Oudtshoorn Division: Zwartbergen, 3000 ft., October, Schlechter

2282. Humansdorp Division: Mountains near Humansdorp, Herb. Bolus 1056; near

French Hoek, c. 2400 ft., November, Bolus 5151 (in this specimen the base of the calyx

is intruse and thus the lobes appear to be longer than the tube.

108

Specimens collected by Gatherstone at Cango and by Kennedy at Humansdorp —

compare well with C. subter nata, except that they have a split fleshy calyx.

4. C. brachypoda, comb. nov.

A glabrous shrub. Stems ribbed. Leaflets 1:25-2°5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad,

lanceolate or narrow-linear, acute or obtuse, flat, with reflexed slightly wavy margins.

Bracts two, 4-6 mm. long. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, very acute, as long as the pedicel.

Calyx 5-7 mm. long: lobes longer than the tube. falcate, acute.—C. Vogelii, Harv., var.

brachypoda, Harv., ` Flora Capensis,” II, 6.

Paarl Division : French Hoek, October, Phillips 1097. Tulbagh Division : Witsenberg,

December, Ecklon and Zeyher 1147 ; September, Zeyher 354.

Var. interaedia. Bracts and pedicels 1 mm. long. Leaves 6-8 mm. long, 2 mm,

broad, very obtuse.—C. Vogelii, Harv., var. intermedia, * Flora Capensis,” II, 7 ; C. mter-

media, E. Mey Com., p. 3, erel. lit e.

Caledon mon : Without precise locality, District Officer in Herb. Forest Dept. 2841:

Riversdale Division: Langeberg, Riversdale, August, Muir 843.

A specimen collected at Elgin in the Caledon Division (Herb. Forest Dept. 2891) compares

well with C. brachypoda, but the material is insufficient to be quite certain of the species.

5. C. tenuifolia (Lehm. Linn. 5, p. 373).

Plant glabrous. Stem ribbed. Leaflets 1:25— cm. long, linear-fidiform, with revolute

margins. Bracts two, 3 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, folded longitudinally and overlapping

each other, obtuse or truncate, strongly keeled, glabrous without, sparsely hairy within.

Pedicel 1:25-1:75 cm. long, elongating in fruit. Calyx 5 mm. long: lobes as long as

the tube, acute, with slightly woolly margins ; the lowest lobe longer and broader than the

others, minutely toothed at the base. Legume oblong, with a recurved mucro at the apex

valves leatherv.—” Flora Capensis,” II, 7

Caledon Division: Elgin, October, September, District Forest Officer in Herb, Forest

Dept. 2840, 3114. Swellendam Division: River Zonder Kinde, Zeyher 2257. Riversdale

Division; Corento River Farm, Riversdale, November, Muir 50, and in Herb. Galpin 5072,

4. C. genistoides (Br. Hort. Kew., ed. 2, vol. 3 aks »).

Stem ribbed, glabrous or nearly so. EEefa 1:25—8:75 cm. long, narrow-linear, with

strongly revolute margins. Flowers in a dense mass near the ends of the branches. Bracts

5mm. long, acute and mucronate at the apex, boat-shaped, folded longitudinally, siabrous

without, with a few scattered hairs on the inner surface. Pedicel 6-8 mm. long. Calyx

3-1] mm. long; lobes longer than the tube, broadly falcate, with a mucronate apex, margins

woolly ; lowe st segments longer than the others and toothed at the base.—‘ Flora

Capensis,” II,

Caledon Division : Caledon, August, Rogers 11017; October, Bolus; District Forest

Officer in Herb. Forest Dept. 2842. Cape Division: Tokai Plantation, September, Herb.

Forest Dept. 1052; Cecelia Plantation, Ross in Herb. Forest Dept. 3113; near Capetown,

October, Bolus 7272 : Devil's Peak, November, MacOwan 1113, and in Herb. Musei Austro-

Afric. 6546: Constantia, September, Schlechter 1461. Stellenbosch Division: Stellen-

bosch, October, Mrs. De Jongh in Herb. Galpin 4390. Swellendam Division : Swellendam;

Ecklon and Zeyher. Clanwilliam Division: Clanwilham, Mader in Herb. Austro- -Afric,

7. C. pubescens (K. and Z. Enum. No. 1146).

Stem pubescent. Leaflets 1:25—2:75 cm. long, about 1 mm. broad, narrow-linear,

with revolute margins, pubescent, at length becoming almost glabrous. Flowers densely

massed. Bracts 4—6 mm. long. almost as broad, ribbed, acuminate, recurved at the apex,

pubescent, shorter than the pedicel. Pedicel 1-25-1- 75 cm. long, villous. Calyx 8 mm.

long, pubescent ; lobes taper-pointed from a broad base, twice as long as the tube.—

“ Flora Capensis,” II, 8. 3

109

Port Elizabeth Division: Port Elizabeth, September, Drege in Herb. Albany Museum

167.

8. C. galioides (D.C., Prodr. 2, p. 101).

Young branches ribbed, densely villous. at length becoming almost glabrous. Leaflets

arising from a thick flattened node, 1°25-2°5 cm. long, up to 4 mm. broad, linear, with

strongly revolute margins, with a recurved mucro at the apex, truncate at the hase, pubescent

when young. Bracts 4-6 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the pedicel.

Pedicel 2-4 mm. long. — Calyx 6-13 mm. long, glabrous ; lobes broadly falcate, acuminate,

longer than the tube.—‘ Flora Capensis,” IT, 8.

Cape Division: Fish Hoek, May, Bolus in Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric. 67 ; Muizenberg,

Zeyher ; Simonstown, February, Compton.

9. C. Ashtonii, sp. nov.

Rami sericei. Foliola 1°75 em. longa, 4 mm. lata, basi cordata, marginibus revolutis.

Bracteae 4 mm. longae, ovatae, ciliatae, ‘intus villosae. Calyx 8 mm. longus : lobi falcati.

Swellendam Division : Langeberg Mountains, Ashton in Herb. Forest Dept. 2843.

Young branches silky. Leaflets from a thick flattened node, up to 1°75 cm. long, 4 mm.

broad, thick, cordate at the base, with revolute margins, paler beneath. Bracts 4 mm.

long and slightly broader, ovate, ciliate, villous on the inner surface. Calyx 8 mm. long ;

lobes broadly falcate.

10. C. Bolusii, sp. nov.

Rami villosi. Foliola 1:2 em. longa, apice mucronata, marginibus revolutis, villosa.

Bractae 6 mm. longae, ovatae, acuminatae, villosae. Pedicellus 7 mm. longus. Calyx

4 mm. longus; lobi falcati, villosi.

Oudtshoorn Division: In stony places at summit of the Zwartberg Pass, December,

Bolus 11465. ,

A small-branched villous shrub. Leaflets 1:2 cm. long, mucronate at the apex, with

strongly revolute margins, villous. Bracts 6 mm. long, broadly ovate, acuminate, villous.

Pedicels 7 mm. long. Calyx 4 mm. long : lobes broadly falcate.

11. C. sessilifiora (EF. Mey. Com., p. 4).

Young branches and leaves densely villous, at length becoming glabrous. Leaflets

1:25 cm. long, linear, with strongly revolute margins, subsessile. Bracts 6 min. long,

broadly ovate, acuminate. Flowers ciliate. Ca lye softly villous ; lobes falcate.—' Flora

Capens:s,” II, 8.

Peden Division : Genadendal. December, Schlechter 9826.

12. C. montana, sp. nov.

Ram jumores sericei. Foliola 1:25—2'5 cm. longa, 2 mm. lata, linearia. basi cordata:

marginibus revolutis. Bractae 4-6 mm. longae, ovatae, glabrae. Calyx sericeous,

S$ mm. longus; lobus infernus ceteris major.

Tulbagh Division: Sneeuwgat Valley, Great Winterhoek, November, Phillips 1693.

Var. glabra. Calycis glabris dif'ert.

Ceres Division : Matroosberg, December, Phillips 1943.

Young branches and leaves silky, at length becoming glabrous. Leaflets 1°25-2°5 cm.

long, 2 mm. broad, linear, cordate at the bas», with revolute margins. Flowers subsessile.

Bracts 4—6 mm. long, broadly ovate, glabrous, longer than the pedicel. Calyx 8 mm. long.

densely silky; the lower segment largest and broadest; the middle segments shortest,

subacute, broadly oblong ciliate. |

Var. glabra differs in having a glabrous calyx.

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REVISION OF SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF RHYNCHOSIA...... Gaby Feet Saere RES

THE GENERA ALOE AND MESEMBRYANTHEMUM...........ccceeeceseeees SELF 139

SOUTH AFRICAN GRAMINEAB....... OE ae ee DE ore MEE lo 170

A FUNGUS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ON THE AVOCADO......cccccecce eee okey

SPECIES OF ELEPHANTORRHIZA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN HERBARIA 187

EE VISION OF SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES

OF KRHYNEHOSIA

By EDMUND G. BAKER, F.L.S., Assistant Keeper, Department of Botany, Natural

History Museum, South Kensington.

INTRODUCTION.

AT the request of Dr. I. B. Pole-Evans, C.M.G., and Dr. E. P. Phillips, I have examined

the collection of the genus Rhynchosia from the National Herbarium at Pretoria, and

I have also had an opportunity of seeing the plants of this genus from the Herbaria at

Capetown and Durban, thanks to the courtesy of the Curators of these collections.

1 am also much indebted to the Director of the Botanical Museum at Upsala for allowing

me to have the loan of Thunberg’s types, and to Dr. Schinz for kindly sending me portions

of types of many of his species.

Since the publication of the Leguminosae by Harvey in the * Flora Capensis,” in 1861-62,

a considerable amount of additional information has been acquired, and’I am glad to take

the opportunity offered to me of placing this on record. It is, perhaps, unnecessary to

discuss in detail publications anterior to the “ Flora (apensis.” De Candolle, in the second

volume of his “ Prodromus,” in 1825, described several species of Rhymchosig from South

Africa, among these being R. angustifolia founded on Glycine angustifolia Jacq. and R.

rigidula founded on Burchell No. 2587. The first of these is synonymous with, and must

take precedence of, R. uniflora, Harvey, the second is evidently closely allied to R. Totta,

D.C., but there is a mistake in the Burchell number, and I am unable to find it in the Kew

Herbarium. Perhaps the other most important publications anterior to the ‘‘ Flora” are

E. Meyer’s “ Commentorium de Plantis Africae australioris” and Ecklon and Zeyher’s

“ Enumeration.” Subsequent to the “ Flora ” a good many species have been described, and

a few preliminary notes on some of these novelties may not be out of place. In the

“ Journal of Botany,’ Vol. XVI, 131 (1878), Mr. Spencer Moore described R. clivorwm

-from near Pilgrims Rest. It has been subsequently found in Gazaland by C. F. M. Swynner-

ton. It is a curious species with erect stem, showy flowers, and with the upper calycine

lobes shorter than the lowest.

In 1888 Dr. Schinz described, in “‘ Verhand. Bot. Brand.,” Vol. XXX, two species,

R. hirsuta, rom Olukonda in Amboland, and R. longiflora rom Great Namaqualand, the

latter being allied to R. Totta, D.C., but with‘much finer flowers, and in 1894 the same author

described in “ Bull. Herb. Boiss.,”’ Vol. IT, R. Wood, from Natal, an ally of R. Orthodanum,

Benth. Dr. Harms in 1899, in Engler’s “ Bot. Jahrb.,” Vol. XXVI, described R. komatiensis

from between Spitzkop and the Komati River, and R. longipes, founded on Wilms No. 395,

from Lydenberg. I have compared the latter with the type of R. crassifolia, Benth., and

do not consider it specifically distinct. In 1897, in the “ Journal of Botany,” Dr. Schlechter

described the very distinct R. monophylla, and in the same journal, in the same year, Messrs.

Wood and Evans described the equally distinct R. ovata. In 1905 Dr. Schlechter, in “ Ann.

Nat. Hoffmus. Wien,” described three species, R. chrysantha, R. Harmsiana, and R. Penthert.

In 1907, in the “ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,” Dr. Schinz described R. cinnamomea,

R. congestiflora, R. elegantissima, R. Fleckii, R. namaensis, and R. Rehmanni, and in 1910

4 |

114

the same author, in the same publication, described the very distinct R. spectabilis. I am

doubtful whether R. cinnamomea is distinct from Dolicholus venulosus, Hiern. (R. venulosus,

K. Schum.), and I think R. Rehmanni is synonymous with Fagelia bitumanosa, D.C. In 1906

Dr. Bolus, n.” Trans. $. Afr. Phil. Soe.” XVI. 383, described the curious and aberrant

Rk. pauciflora. 1 hardly think R. uncinata, Schlechier, from Packhuis Berg, is separable

from R. bullata, Benth. In 1918, in “ Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,” LX, 461, Gandoger quite correctly

segregated the R. memnonia of Harvey, calling the silvery plant with a rigid stem R.

albissima.

Several plants have been issued with ms. names to which I must allude. Wilms No. 375

J would place as synonymous with R&. monophylla, Schlechter; Wilms No. 387 appears to

me to be a form with more angled leaves than usual of R. sigmodes, Benth. I have retained

R. graciliflora, Harms, founded on Wilms No. 367, as a variety of R. Totta, D.C.; it differs

in the shape of the leaflets from the typical form. Quite recently in the “ Kew Bulletin ”’

Mr. Burtt-Davy described R. wnifoliolata. It is also a close ally of the true R. Totta, D.C.,

but is sometimes unifoliolate, and has shorter petioles. A litle later in the same publication

he also describes R. confusa, R. Burkei, R. Harmsiana Schl., var. Burchell, and R. Pentheri

Schl., var. Hutchinsoniana. With R. Burkei and R. Pentheri, S chl., var. Hutchinsoniana, he

has associated my name.

NOTES ON TAXONOMY.

Harvey, in the “ Flora Capensis,” arranges the species of Rhynchosia then known to

him in four sections: (1) Chrysoscias ; (ii) Polytropia : (im) Copisma ; and (iv) Orthodanum.

The first of these is well marked by the character of the inflorescence, which is generally

umbellate, more rarely the flowers are solitary. The leaflets are narrow and either tomentose

or villose below. T his section I retain as originé ally delimited.

The section Polytropia is at once recognized by having pinnate or bipinnate leaves.

But there is a difficulty with regard to the sections Copisma and Orthodanum. Certain

plants in these sections are very distinct froni one another ; take, for instance, RF adenodes,

Ecklon and Zeyher, and R. minima, D.C., with a distinctly voluble stem, which is the main

character of Harvev’s Copisma, and R. Orthodanum, Be nth., which is erect, rigid, and suffru-

ticose, and which is the type of Harvey’s section Orthodanum. But there are certain

intermediate plants which are difficult to place. Take, for instance, R. viscidula, Steud. :

the plant from Little Namaqualand has a somewhat rigid stem and cannot be correctly

placed in Copisma. | have, therefore, thought it advisable to unite the sections Copisma

and Orthodanum, and am calling this section Eurhynchosia.

I have introduced the section Cyanospermum. Benth., for R. cyanosperma, Benth.

It may be easily recognized by the robust voluble stem, the racemose inflorescence, the

broad calycine segments, whic 'h are densely matted on the back with a grey tomentum,

and the dark blue seeds. I am also introducing the section Arcyphyllum Torrey and Gray

for two species which occur south of the Tropic. The stem in this section is voluble, the

flowers are in dense, oblong, sessile, subsessile, or pedunculate clusters, and with the calycine

teeth much narrower than in section Cyanospermum.

There are one or two anomalous species which require consideration. One of these

is R. pauciflora, Bolus, with solitary pedicellate flowers and broad calycine lobes. It comes

from the Transvaal and Swaziland. R. ficifolia, Benth., I am excluding from the genus.

It is a Pueraria. Some species from Great Namaqualand such as #. namaensis, Schinz,

I have not included. as it is recorded from Rehoboth, which is just north of the Tropic.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

SECT. I.—CYANOSPERMUM, Benth., in Benth. and Hook “Gen. Plant ” (1865), 543.

Stem voluble, robust. Inflorescence racemose. Calyx as long as or slightly longer than ~

the corolla, segments rather broad, subequal in length, _Uppermost connate. Poes]

dark blue.

ad = $ aa da.

Ad Aa LA AD ia Ai

115

1 R. cyanospermum, Benth., ex Baker in Oliver, “ FI. Trop. Afr.,” I, 218.

Stems voluble, robust, densely grey or ferruginous-pubescent whev young. Stipules

ovate, pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets coriaceous ; termina! leaflet ovate or sub-

orbicular, below densely grey-tomentose ; lateral leaflets unequalsided. Flowers rather

large, in racemes. Bracts ovate, deciduous. Calyx 18-20 mm. long or rather more,

densely matted on the back with grey tomentum ; tube short; lobes uppermost, somewhat

spathulate, the others blunt, 4-5 mm. broad. Corolla about as long as the calyx ; standard

obovate ; carina boat- -shaped, base unguiculate. Pod oblong, equalling the calyx; seeds

dark blue.

Natat.—Lower Illovo, Wood No. 6507, Natal Herb.

SECT. II.—ARCYPHYLLUM, Torr. and Gray, “ FI. Noa America” (1838), 284.

Stem voluble. Flowers in dense oblong, sessile, or subsessile, or shortly-stalked clusters.

Calyx teeth narrow, sometimes more or less connate, slightly shorter than, or same length

as, the corolla. Seeds brown or black, not blue.

+ Terminal leaflet ovate, subrotund, acuminate.

“AE densidora., DO, “Prod.,” Il, 386: Baker in Hooker, ‘Fl. Brit. India,” II, 226 ;

Baker ex Oliver, “Fl. Trop. Afr.,” IT, 222.

Glycine densiflora, Roth., nov. sp. 348; Desmodium punctatum, D.C., “ Prod.,” II, 338.

Stem slender, firm-herbaceous, voluble, grey pilose. 'Stipules lanceolate. Leaves

trifoliolate, papyraceous ; terminal leaflets broadly ovate acuminate ; petiolules of terminal

leaflets 10-18 mm. long; lateral leaflets unequalsided. Flowers in dense, oblong, sub-

sessile clusters. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx 12-15 mm. long, teeth narrow, subequal, two

uppermost more or less connate; tube short. Standard glabrous, auriculate, about 15 mm.

long; wings unguiculate, distinctly shorter than the carina; carina boat-shaped, obtuse.

Pod 12-14 mm. long, rather narrowed at both ends, grey pubescent.

Natau.—Gerrard No. 1737; Camperdown Div., Wood No. 11706.

TRANSVAAL.—Makapansberg, Rehmann No. 5548; Potgietersrust, Leendertz No. 146,

1216; Barberton, Thorncroft No. H. 11274; Pienaars River, Leendertz No. 783.

+ + Terminal leaflet rhombeo-ovate, generally obtuse.

3. R. connata, sp. nov.

Caulis volubilis, pubescens, longitudinaliter striatus. Stipulae ovatae, acutae ;

stipellis ad basin petiolulorum minutis linearibus. Folia trifoliolata ; foliolis terminalibus

thombeo-ovatis apice obtusis vel rarius subacutis, 3-4 cm. longis et latis; lateralibus

inaequilateralibus, petiolo communi 4—5 cm. longo praedita ; foliolis terminalibus petiolulis

8-10 mm. longis suffultis. Flores flavi in capitula densa disposita; capitulis breviter

pedunculatis. Calycis lobis 2 superioribus plus minus connatis, religuiis lineari-lanceolatis.

Veaillum apice emarginatum; alae oblongae basi unguiculatae ; carina naviculariformis

apice obtusa. Ovarium pilis vestitum; stylo gracili. Legumen ignotum.

Natau.—Camperdown, Miss Franks No. 1250.

Ally of R. Stuhlmanni, Harms m Engler’s “ Bot. Jahrb.,” XXVI, 308.

SECT. III —_CHRYSOSCIAS, Benth., ex Harvey and Sonder, “Fl. Cap.,” II, 249.

Stem voluble. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. Stipules broad. Flowers in axillary

umbels or solitary.

Series 1.—Calyzx large, 15-18 mm. long. Flowers in umbels rarely solitary. Underside

of leaf fulvous-villose.

4. R. chrysoscias, Benth., ex Harvey and Sonder, “Fl. Cap.,” II, 249; Oliver in “ Bot.

Mag.,” t. 5913.

Chrysoscias grandiflora, E. Mey., “Comm.,’ 189; Glycine erecta, Thunbg., “FI,

Cap.,” 592; Cylista lancifolia, Ecklon and Zeyher, Herb. No. 1690.

116

A climbing sufirutex with voluble stem, and the younger parts clothed with tawny

or yellowish hairs. Stipules broad. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate, thinly pubescent above,

tomentose or villose below; terminal leaflets oblong-lanceolate with revolute margins

3-5-5 cm. long, 8-15 mm. broad ; petioles 5-15 mm. long. Peduncles bearing 8-4 flowers

at the summit. Calyx 15-18 mm. long; tube short; segments lanceolate ; the two upper

somewhat connate at the base. Pod not much longer than the calyx, pilose.

Cape.—Districts George and Knysna, Plettensbergs Bay, Zeyher No. 1690.

Chrysoscias media, E. Mey., from Kaymans Gat, is a close ally.

Series 2.—Calyzx silky-silvery, 15-20 mm. long, upper lobes connate to or beyond the middle.

Underside of leaf white tomentose.

5. R. leucoscias Benth., ex Harvey, |.c. II, 249.

Cylista argentea, Ecklon and Zeyher, 1688 ; Cylista angustifolia, K. Mey., in “ Linnaea,’’

VII, 171; Chrysoscias calycina, ¥. Mey. “Comm.,’ 140.

Suffruticose voluble, albo-villose. Stipules broadly oblong, site or subacute. Leaves

trifoliolate, very shortly petiolate ; terminal leaflets with revolute margins, oblong-lanceolate

or linear, white tomentose below, 4-5-5 cm. long, 5-7 mm. broad in the middle ; common

petioles 2-4 mm. long. Peduncles umbelliferous. Calyx silky-silvery ; tube very short;

segments lanceolate, leafy, silky and silvery. Corolla two uppermost segments connate

to or beyond the middle, glabrous ; standard 14-16 mm. long. Pod not seen.

CAPE.—Van Stadensberg, Ecklon and Zeyher.

Var. angustifolia, Harvey, l.c. 249.

Leaflets narrower, narrow-linear. Flowers sub-solitary.

Cape.—Caledon Div., River Zondereinde, Zeyher No. 2410.

Distinguished from R. chrysoscias, Benth., by 1ts much whiter and woolly tomentum

and the connate upper calyx lobes.

Series 3.—Calyx cano-pubescent. 6-9 mm. long; upper lobes connate to middle. Umbels

4—8-flowered.

6. R. microscias, Benth., er Harvey, l.c. 249

Chrysoscias parviflora, E. Mey., “ Comm.,” 139.

Suffruticose voluble, silky-canescent. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long. Leaves

trifoliolate, on very short petioles; terminal leaflets linear-lanceolate or linear, 3-4 cm.

long, 4-7 mm. broad, canescent and tomentulose beneath; common petioles 2-4 mm.

long; lateral leaflets slightly unequalsided at the base. Peduncles bearing umbels of 4-8

flowers. Flowers much smaller than in R leucoscias, Benth. Calyx tube very short;

segments lanceolate, cano-pubescent, shorter than the standard. Standard 10-12 mm. long,

glabrous ; carina glabrous, obtuse. Pod pilose, 15-20 mm. long, mucronate.

Cape.—Mountain sides, near George, Drége: Knysna, Tyson, Bowie; Humansdorp

Div., Zitzikama, FE. Galpin No. 3989.

Known at once from the preceding by the smaller flowers and shorter indumentum.

Serves 4.—Flowers solitary.

7. R. angustifolia, D.C., * Prod.,” II, 388.

R. uniflora, Harvey. lc. II, 249; Glycine angustifolia, Jacq., ‘Hort. Schoenb.,” II,

t. 231; Cylista angustifolia, Ecklon and Zeyher No. 1689.

Stem voluble, silky-canescent. Stipules ovate, subacute. Leaves trifoliolate, very

shortly petiolate ; leaflets lanceolate or linear, with revolute margins, whitish or tomentose —

below ; terminal leaflets 15-25 mm. long and about 2-3 mm. broad; terminal petiole, *

silky canescent, 2-3 mm. long; lateral leaflets shorter than terminal. Flowers as

117

axillary, on short pedicels. Calyx 13-15 mm. long, grey-villous ; tube very short ; segments

lanceolate, not much shorter than the petals ; two uppermost somewhat connate. Standard

glabrous, 13-15 mm. long. Pod not seen.

CaPE.—Purpas Valley and Zwarteberg, near Caledon, Ecklon No. 1689.

This plant is easily recognized by the voluble stem, the very narrow trifoliolate leaves,

and the solitary axillary flowers with a silky villous calyx. It must take De Candolle’s

earlier name of R. angustifolia.

SECT. IV.—POLYTROPIA, Harvey and Sonder, “ Fl. Cap.,” II, 248.

Stem prostrate or trailing. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate, plurijugate. Flowers

racemose.

Series 1.—Leaves pinnately decompound.

8. R. ferulaefolia, Benth., ex Harvey, l.c.

Polytropia ferulaefolia, “ Presl. Symb.,” $. 18 ; Psoralea prostrata, “ Linn.,” sp. pl. 762;

Galega pinnata, Thunberg, “FI. Cap.,” 602; Polytropia umbellata, Hcklon and Zeyher

No. 1627.

Prostrate, nearly glabrous. Stipules rather short. Leaves pedately bipinnate, pauci-

jugate or supra-decompound ; leaflets sessile, narrow-lanceolate or linear, acute at each

end, varying from about 5-20 mm. long ; common peëiole generally 2-4 cm. long, glabrous

or nearly so. Peduncles longer than the leaves, bearing a cluster of 5-12 flowers towards

the apex; pedicels 1-3 mm. long. Flowers viscoso-pubescent. Calyx with lowest segment

conspicuously narrower than the rest. Standard 7-9 mm. long. Pod 12-16 mm. long,

subfalcate or nearly straight, nearly glabrous.

CAPE.—(ommon on the Cape Flats and in several parts of the western districts. There

is a specimen of this in Herb. Sloane, from the Cape, gathered by Oldenland. This will

certainly be one of the earliest records for this species.

Series 2.—Leaves sumply pinnate.

9. R. pinnata, Harvey, “ Thes.,” t. 79; Harvey in Harvey and Sonder, Le. 250.

Polytropia pinnata, Ecklon and Zeyher No. 1628.

Whole plant minutely downy, prostrate. Stvpules ovate, striate, deflexed. Leaves

simply pinnate, bi- to tri-jugate ; terminal leaflet rhomboid-ovate or obovate, 6-12 mm.

long; lateral leaflets generally elliptic-oblong, impresso-punciate. Peduncles elongate,

5—6-flowered near the summit. Calyx pubescent, 6-7 mm. long; lowest segment narrower

than the others, shorter than the petals. Standard yellow, 6-8 mm. long, glabrous or nearly

so; carina about same length as the standard. Pod not seen, stated by Harvey to be

the same as in R. ferulaefolia, Benth.

CapE.—Saldanha Bay, Ecklon and Zeyher No. 1698.

SECT. V.—EURHYNCHOSIA (incl. Copisma and Orthodanum).

Stem voluble or rigid. Leaves trifoliolate or rarely unifoliolate. Inflorescence generally

racemose, but flowers sometimes solitary or subsolitary. Calyx generally shorter than the

corolla; segments generally lanceolate. Sceds brown, or reddish-brown, or black, not

blue (in those species in which the seeds are known). |

CLAVIS OF SPECIES.

A.—Stems voluble or subvoluble.

(a) Bracts persistent.

—Leaves trifoliolate.

6E OU TICATEY SOF ioe ois safe ed ees bal ge ce eee de sed R. rotundifolia, Walp.

EER MTS Fs ye ag cor Fs s o's + o's os MAAR dag Aree R. grandifolia, Steud.

ELE VER ER RE tg ce ec cle OD ole es R. simplicifolia, E. Mey.

118

(b) Bracts caducous, rarely subpersistent.

x Terminal leaflets broad. ;

+ Flowers fasciculate. Leaves uni- or tri-foliolate; leaflets orbicular- 1

ovate OF ovate.:..-acae+-0 see EE N R. monophylla, Schl. x

+-+Peduncles short, generally shorter than the leaves. racemose, J

laxly few-flowered. j

—Flowers small, 5-10 mm. long. | 4

Terminal leaflets orbicular-rhomboid, obtuse, softly :

pubescent or velvety.. EE st ae pee eee R. Harvey. :

(R. secunda, Harvey.)

Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate. Leaves fulvous.... R. seeunda (Thunberg).

Terminal leaflets obovate, nearly glabrous........... R. Burke, Burtt-Davy -

and Bak. fil.

Terminal leaflets obovate. Leaves grey pubescent...... R. Fleckii, Schinz.

Terminal leaflets elliptic-oblong or subrhomboid...... R. confusa, Burtt-Davy.

— —Flowers larger, 12-14 mm. long. Terminal leaflets broadly

rhombaid . Ve ERA ee EE ee eee R. guadrata, Harvey.

-A----Peduncles long, generally longer than the leaves, laxly few-

flowered.

— Standard glabrous.

Terminal leaflets ovate or broadly ovate, 3—-4:5 cm. long,

2-5-4 cm. broad. Stem cinereous pubescent........ R. reptabunda, N.E.Br.

Terminal leaflets ovate or suborbicular-ovate, 2-3 cm. long,

2-5-4 cm. broad. Stem cinereous pubescent......... R. Jacottetvi, Schinz. P

Terminal leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular. Stems

markedly ‘DalOSO, iss ok tom Fas eee OE EEN R. ovata, Wood & Evans.

Terminal leaflets ovate or rhombeo-ovate. Stems puberulous. &. Harmsiana, Schlechter.

Terminal leaflets rigid, subrhomboid or elliptic-oblong., Stems

hispido-pubescent or villous..............ssceeeseees R. nervosa, Benth.

Terminal leaflets thin, ovate-rhomboid. Stem thinly pubes-

cent. Upper calycine segments short and broad...... R. caribaea, D.C.

(R. gibba, E. Mey).

Terminal leaflets triangular-ovate. Stem pubescent........ R. Dieterlenae, Bak. fil.

~~ Standard pubescent.

Terminal leaflets broadly ovate-suborbicular, rigid hispido-

pubescent. Stem patently hairy...................-- R. hirsuta, Ecklon and

Zeyher.

Terminal leaflets broadly ovate, rather thick, canotomentose

below. Stem tomentose. 55 tak eascas 6s) oe oe ees R. argentea, Harvey.

++ +--+ Peduncles longer than the leaves, generally laxly many-flowered,

occasionally subdense towards the apices.

Flowers small, 6-9 mm. long. Terminal leaflets rhombeo-

ovate or rhombeo-obavatd ar Sour wan.) soi Gale R. minima, L.

Flowers larger, 10-15 mm. long.

Terminal leaflets ovate-triangular, pubescent........ R. stenodon, Bak. fil.

Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate. Standard pubescent. R. memnonia, D.C., var.

prostrata, Harvey.

Terminal leaflets thin, rhombeo-triangular. Standard

pla brouS.<« «sence sue boc ewe es Os ee eee R. Harmsiana, Schl., var.

grandifolia, Bak. fil.

Terminal leaflets thick, velvety, elliptic-ovate. Standard

pubasoent. ia vi ses peng sa ss EO R. crassifolia, Benth.

(R. longipes, Harms.).

Terminal leaflets suborbicular or ovate. Standard .

glabrous. Calyx glandular..............+---++- R. Pentheri, Schlechter.

Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate, copiously dotted below.

Standard glandular. «=. 2:5 »'s> oe She ee si EE R. adenodes, Ecklon and —

Zeyher.

444 4-+Peduncles longer than the leaves. Racemes dense.

Terminal leaflets suborbicular, dotted below.............. R. adenodes, Ecklon and

Zeyher, var. Cooperi,

Bak. fil.

Terminal leaflets large, cordate-ovate or suborbicular, rugose,

thick, velvety. ...~ .. oes sus dad ar eise rie led tit R. sigmodes, Benth.

Terminal leaflets ovate-suborbicular....... ss esse sees ses R. chrysantha, Schlechter. —

X X Terminal leaflets narrower. aie

Leaflets elliptic-oblong or oblong. Peduncles 1-2-flowered, aa

shorter than the leaves. Stem prostrate or voluble.... R. puberula, Harvey. —

gar

ol)

Leaflets in typical form, ovate-oblong or elliptical, in forma

angustifolia, lanceolate-oblong. Peduncles 1—-3-flowered kk. Totta, D.C.

Leaflets narrow-lanceolate. Peduncles 2-flowered. Flowers

berde than in 2. lotta,’ DE oe hed RE de R. longiflora, Schinz.

Leaflets elliptical. Racemes very lax, few-flowered. Stem

voluble. Indumentum cinnamon coloured............ R. venulosa, K. Schum.

(B. cinnamomea, Schinz.)

Leaflets lanceolate, more or less sericeous. Raceme very lax.

Seema voltnb ler ie MEER EA hoo share eee EI Su fals R. elegantissima, Schinz.

Leaflets oblong-lanceolate or ovate. | Peduncles 1—-6-flowered

near the summit. Stem voluble, glabrous, or minutely

TOTTI EE MERE EER IP Ie EA N DO Ms. R. glandulosa, D.C.

Leaflets linear or linear-lanceolate. Peduncles generally one-

flowered... 2 es PEGE Ine ROT ie teers abc bit EE neers R. rigidula, D.C.

B.—Stem rigid or subrigid.

. +Peduncles generally shorter than the leaves, few-flowered.

Silky villous or glabrous. Leaflets elliptic-oblong or

liaceolsieoblong esse vaas eo da OE AE eke R. Orthodanum, Benth.

Canotomentose. Terminal leaflets broader than long..... R. spectabilis, Schinz.

Cinnamon-coloured tomentum. Terminal leaflets oval or oval-

SNGEDIGUI DE oe EES A's wi ole Sets, ea stp Ne cays oP eR ake pe ence Rk. Rudolfi, Harms.

Pubescent. Terminal leafiets ovate or orbicular-ovate ..... R. komatiensis, Harms.

Velvety when young. Terminal leaflets ovate-lanceolate.

Elowers laroes. LAE wrath a Ses Se RA eae R. clivorum, S. Moore.

Silky silvery. Leaflets broadly ovate or cordate-ovate. Flowers -

DEER LOMO ae see OE ME OR AL EO EE R. nitens, Benth.

Silky silvery. Leaflets larger, oblong-obovate. Flowers

A ride lonst as de 8 eel hay eyes RS eee LL: R. Galpini Bak. fil.

++ Flower pedicellate.

Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate or suborbicular-ovate.

Mowers Hi. 19 mm. lone. EA READ Re ee ek. hk. Bakeri, Schinz.

+++Peduncles scarcely longer than the leaves, 1-2-flowered.

Shrubby, erect, viscidly hairy and resin-dotted.

Bier do (6 TTI LOWS ES GE er Ne OE a a fence we R. bullata, Benth.

(R. uncinata, Schltr.)

++-+-+Peduncles about as long as the leaves, or slightly longer,

several to many flowered. Flowers 8-16 mm. long.

Hairy and somewhat silvery. Terminal leaflets elliptical.

towers | 4— Wo. nants Shon pies see oos ee whe eee oe cae oes R. angulosa, Schinz.

Pubescent. Terminal leaflets oblong-obovate. Flowers

BESK ma lone ees EE ed ee re eae te R. Woodu, Schinz.

Canotomentose. Terminal leaflets obovate. Flowers

Sal ma RS Se dee Ne de oon R. albissima, Gandoger.

Pubescent. Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate. Flowers

BGS Maa in OU ters og ah ata top. Re ale) Sele avn, ste aloe oe EA R. Pegleri, Bak. fil.

++-+-++Peduncies longer than the leaves, always one-flowered.

Leaflets rigid, narrow, margins distinctly revolute....,.... RR. pauciflora, Bolus.

++-+-+-+-+Peduncles longer than the leaves, few-flowered glandular

plants.

Paberaimlcaiens: OWGWSE ES EER os Buel bow she's ae GR baer R. viscidula, Steud.

Lateral leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute.....2.............. R. Schlechteri. Bak. fil.

A._ STEM VOLUBLE. BRACTS PERSISTENT.

Series 1.—Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets small, orbicular or ovate.

10. R. rotundifolia, Walp. Rep. I, 787; Harvey, l.c. 250.

Copisma rotundifolium, E. Mey., “ Comm.,” 137.

Prostrate. Stem flexuous, angled. Strpules small, striate, about 4 mm. long. Leaves

irifoliolate, on rather long filiform petioles ; leaflets ovate or orbicular, netted-veined and

resin-dotted, glabrous or nearly so; terminal leaflets 10-13 mm. long, 9-11 mm. broad ;

common petiole 3-4 cm. long. Peduncles elongate, densely racemose near the summit.

Flowers rather large, 12-14 mm. long. Bracts broadly ovate, persistent. Calyx 5-6 mm.

long; lowest segment longest, subglabrous. Corolla glabrous; standard broadly ovate

or orbicular ; keel broadly falcate. Pod not seen.

120

CAPE.—Pondoland : Omsamcaba, Drege.

Known by the broadly ovate persistent bracts, the trifoliolate leaves on rather long

filiform petioles. |

Series 2.—Leaves trifoliolate or unifoliolate ; leaflets rather large, pubescent.

+ Leaves trifoliolate.

11. R. grandifolia, Steud., `` Nom., ed. 2, Il, 454; Harvey, lc. 250.

Copisma grandifolium, E. Mey., ““ Comm.,” 138.

Procumbent robust hirsuto-pubescent. Stipules broadly cordate. Leaves trifoliolate,

subsessile or petiole very short; terminal leaflets ovato-subrotund, hispido-pubescent,

5-6 mm. long, 4-5-5 cm. broad ; lateral leaflets unequalsided. Peduncles elongate, longer

than the leaves, closely spicate-racemose beyond the middle. Bracts ovate-oblong, acute,

persistent, hairy. Calyx segments lanceolate ; uppermost semiconnate ; lowest subulate.

Corolla glabrous ; standard striped on the back; wings shorter than the standard; keel

boat-shaped. Young pod hirsute.

Capr.—Near Kat River, Drége; at foot of Winterberg, Mrs. Barber; Kingwilliamstown,

Flanagan No. 2137; Kreil’s Country, Bowker.

Known by the elongate peduncle spicate-racemose beyond the middle, the rather

showy flowers, and persistent ovate-oblong acute bracts.

++ Leaves wnifoliolate.

12. R. simplicifolia, EF. Mey., “ Comm.,” 138; Harvey, Le. 251.

Described as being very closely allied to R. grandifolia, Walp., but the leaves are simple.

Stipules cordate-ovate, acuminate. Bracts ovate-lanceolate.

TRANSKEI.—Umtata, Drége.

Only known to me from E. Meyer’s description. It is possibly a unifoliolate form

of R. grandifolia, Walp.

B.—STEM VOLUBLE. BRACTS CADUCOUS. FLOWERS FASCICULATE.

Series 3.--Leaflets unifoliolate or trifoliolate, suborbicular, or ovate, or ovate-oblong,

puberulous. Flowers 12-14 mm. long.

13. R. monophylla, Schlechter in * Journ. Bot.” (1897) 279.

Stem voluble, branches decumbent, filiform, elongate. Leaves simple or trifoliolate,

suborbicular, or ovate, or ovate-oblong, reticulate nerved, 2-5-4 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad.

Flowers in axils of leaves, fasciculate. Bracts deciduous. Calyx + 6 mm. long; segments

linear, acute. Standard suborbicular-rhomboid, + 11 mm. long, 9 mm. broad; wings

wnguiculate ; keel obtuse, apex incurved, glabrous. Ovary villous. Pod obliquely ovate-

elliptical, very compressed, base acute, apex acuminate, + 11 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad,

TRANSVAAL.— Near Barberton, 2. E. Galpin No. 489; Pretoria, Rehmann No. 4582 ;

Rogers No. 18942; A.O. D. Mogg, m Govt. Herb., No. 10556; near Witbank Station,

Gilfillan No. 7184: Lydenberg, Wilms No. 375; near Barberton, Bolus Nos. 1142 and 7603.

Wilms No. 375 was issued with a ms. name, but it is not specifically distinct from the

above.

Oceurs also in Gazaland.

Var. nov. Eylesii, Bak. fil.

Caulis procumbens, pubescens. Stipulae latae, ovato-lanceolatae, 5-7 mm. longae.

Folia saepissime trifoliolata, suprema unifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus late ovatis vel

suborbiculari-ovatis, 2-5-4 cm. longis, 2-5-3 em. latis; petiolulis foliolorum terminalium —

8:10 mm. longis; foliolis lateralibus inaequilateralibus. Flores fasciculati. Vezdlum

flavum, -- 12 mm. longum. Legumen immaturum pilis vestitum.

121

RHODESIA. —Salisbury, F. Kyles No. 2094. Alt. 4900 ft.

This is a procumbent herb with rather broad stipules. It differs principally from

the type in the leaves being mostly trifoliolate. The standard is yellow and the wings

bright red. The calyx is +13 mm. long (total length), the lowest segment narrow and

much longer than the others. Calyx tube, + 3 mm.

C—STEM VOLUBLE OR SUBVOLUBLE. BRACTS CADUCOUS, RARELY

SUBPERSISTENT. LEAFLETS BROAD. FLOWERS RACEMOSE.

Series 4.—Leaflets small. Peduncles nearly as long as or slightly longer than the leaves.

Flowers small, in unilateral racemes.

+ Leaflets softly pubescent or velvety. Stipules broadly ovate.

14. R. Harveyi. (R. secunda Harvey, le. ui. 251.)

Prostrate softly pubescent or velvety. Branches flexuous. Leaves trifoliolate, petio-

late ; terminal leaflets orbicular-rhomboid, obtuse, 10-15 mm. long, 12-17 mm. broad ;

lateral leaflets unequalsided. Peduncles shorter or scarcely longer than the leaves, laxly

2-4-flowered. Calyx 6-7 mm. long; segments longer than the tube, shorter than the

glabrous standard. Standard + 9 mm. long. Keel + 9 mm. long. Pod 15-18 mm.

long, narrowed towards the base, pubescent.

CapE.—Smaldeel, Zeyher No. 514; near Grahamstown, P. MacOwan No. 160.

Flanagan No. 164 from Komgha is a form of this species.

++ Leaflets fulvous, resin-dotted below.

15. R. secunda (Glycine secunda, Thunberg, “ Prod. Fl. Cap.,” 181).

Stem herbaceous, filiform, pubescent. Stipules narrower than in the preceding

species, lanceolate, longitudinally striate. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets

rhombeo-ovate, 10-15 mm. long, and nearly the same breadth, rounded at the apex;

petiolules 2-3 mm. long; lateral leaflets unequalsided, sessile or subsessile, all resin-dotted

below ; petioles pubescent, 8-10 mm. long. Flowers small, in 5-10-flowered secund racemes,

which are often 3-4 cm. long. Pedicels very short. Calyx 6-7 mm. long, hairy, the lowest

segment longer than the rest. Standard 6-8 mm. long, glabrous; keel about the same

length. Pod not seen.

CAPE.—In campis graminosis, Thunberg, Herb. Thunberg.

This is a rare plant, the only specimen I have seen being in Herb. Thunberg.

Series 5.—Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets broadly obovate. Peduncles short, 5-T-

flowered.

16. R. Burkei, Burtt-Davy and Bak. fil. in “Kew Bull.” 1921, 193.

R. adenodes, Ecklon and Zeyher, var. ? robusta, Harvey, l.c.

Stems prostrate, robust, longitudinally striate, pubescent. Stcpules lanceolate. Leaves

trifoliolate, petiolate; terminal leaflets broadly obovate, 20-25 mm. long, 23-28 mm.

broad ; terminal petiolules 6-8 mm. long, on both sides except the nerves nearly glabrous ;

lateral leaflets unequalsided, sessile ; common petiole 15-25 mm. long. Pedwumcles laxly

5-T-flowered, generally 25-30 mm. long. Flowers small, 7-8 mm. long. Calyx pubescent,

+ 4 mm. long. Standard 6-7 mm. long. Pod pubescent, about 12 mm. long.

ORANGE FREE STATE.—Thaba `'Nchu, Zeyher No. 280; Burke in Herb., Kew.

This is quite distinct from R. adenodes, Ecklon and Zeyher. It has broad, obovate

terminal leaflets and a short inflorescense of quite small flowers. It does not seem to be

common.

Series 6.—Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets ovate or obovate. Racemes short, few-

flowered.

+ Terminal leaflets obovate, 20-25 mm. broad.

17. R. Fleckii, Schinz in “ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,” di 428 (1907).

Stem slender, filiform, pubescent. Stipules small, linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Leaves

trifoliolate, petiolate, grey pubescent ; ierminal leaflets obovate, about 25 mm. long and

20-25 mm. broad; terminal peiiolules pubescent, 8-10 mm. long; lateral leaflets some- —

what unequalsided, also about 25 mm. long, petiolules much shorter. Racemes short,

few-flowered. Calyx grey pubescent, segments narrow-lanceolate, shorter than the corolla.

Standard 7-9 mm. long : keel boat-shaped, apex blunt. Pod pubescent, mucronate, 23-25

mm. long, 8-9 mm. broad at the broadest poiat. .

KALAHARI REGION.—Uschi, Fleck No. 698. be

Noticeable on account of the slender stem, small stipules, trifoliolate leaves covered

with grey pubescence, obovate terminal leaflets, and short few-flowered inflorescence. An

ally of R. confusa, Burtt-Davy.

++ Terminal leaflets narrower, 12-16 mm. broad.

18. R. confusa, Burtt-Davy, in '* Kew Bull.,” 1921, 192.

R. nervosa, Benth., var. pauciflora, Harvey, Le.

Perennial prostrate herb, with puberulent stems. Stipules subulate. Leaves trifolio-

late, cano-pubescent ; terminal Jeaflets ovate or obovate, longer than broad, 13-20 mm.

long, 12-16 mm. broad; petiolules about 5 mm. long: lateral leaflets unequalsided,

common petioles tomentose, 5-10 mm. long. Peduncles slender, 2—4-flowered, shorter

than the leaves or only slightly longer. Pedicels slender, 1-2 mm. long. Flowers about

8 mm. long. Calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Standard glabrous. Pod

puberulous, about 2 em. long and 7 mm. broad.

TRANSVAAL.—Magalies River, Zeyher No. 516; Aapjes River and Vaal River, Zeyher

Nos. 508, 511.

ORANGE Free STATE.——Kroonstad Dist. Rhenoster Kop, Zeyher; Bloemfontein,

Burtt-Davy No. 11767.

British BeECHUANALAND.—Kuruman Dist., Burchell Nos. 2298, 2457, 2548B; Vry- .

burg Div., near Geluk, Burtt-Davy No. 11121.

This species is easily recognized by its trifoliolate cano-pubescent leaves and short

2-4-flowered inflorescence generally shorter than the leaves.

li also occurs in Rhodesia, Victoria Div., Munro No. 549.

Series 7. Flowers 12-15 mm. long in lax racemes. Terminal leaflets ovate, triangular,

acute, or broadly rhomboid. Stem tomentulose.

19. R. quadrata, Harvey, I.c. n, 254.

Stem herbaceous, flexuous, thinly tomentulose. Stipules small, lanceolate. Leaves

thin, trifoliolate, petiolate ; leaflets broadly rhomboid-acute or subacuminate ; terminal

leaflets 20-35 mm. long, 20-38 mm. broad ; terminal petiolule 5-8 mm. long, lateral leaflets

unequalsided, common petioles 15-25 mm. long. Racemes shorter or a little longer than the

leaf, 5-8-flowered. Bracts narrow, caducous. Calyx glandular, 14-15 mm. long; lowest —

lobe longest and nearly same length as carina. Standard glabrous or nearly so, 18-15 mm.

long. Ovary glandular, biovulate. Pod substipitate, falcate, twice as long as calyx.

NATAL.—Port Natal, 7. Williamson, Peddie; Durban, Wood No. 1656.

Easily recognized by its thin, rhomboid, acute leaflets, and glandular calyx and ovary.

Series 8.-Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets ovate or broadly ovate. Peduncles longer than the x

leaves, towards the apex, laxly 2-6-flowered. ¥

+. Terminal leaflets 3-4-5 cm. long, 2-5-4-0 em. broad.

20. R. reptabunda, N. E. Br. in “ Kew Bull.,” 1906, 103.

Stem herbaceous, creeping, pubescent or pilose. Stipules rather large, 7-11 mm. long.

Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate; leaflets ovate or broadly ovate, 3-4-5 cm. long, 2°5--4 cm.

broad, on boih sides pubescent ; common petiole 3-6 cm. long, puberulous and laxly

pilose. Peduncle longer than the leaves, 5-17-5 cm. long, towards the apex laxly 2-6-

flowered. Bracts lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long. Pedicels -- 8 mm. long. Calyx pubescent ;

tube 3 mm. long, upper teeth 83-4 mm. long, lowest lanceolaie-subulate, - 7 mm. long.

Corolla glabrous, yellow; standard 8-5 mm. long, broadly oblong; keel about the same

length as the standard, obtuse. Ovary derisely tomentose.

NATAL.—Near Charlestown, Wood No. 5734; Giant’s Castle, Wood No. 10673.

Easily recognized by the trifoliolate pubescent leaves, and the long peduncle laxly

2—6-flowered towards the apex, and large stipules. 7

++ Terminal leaflets smaller, 2-5-8-0 cm. long, 28-46 mm. broad.

21. R. Jacottetii, Schinz. in Herb. Zurich.

Stem herbaceous, pubescent or pilose. Stvpules conspicuous, oblong or ovate-oblong,

hany, 7-16 mm. long. Leaves trifoliolaie, petiolate ; terminal leaflets broadly ovate or

suborbicular-ovate, hairy, 2-3 cm. long, 2°5-4-0 cm. broad, generally broader than long;

terminal petiolules 4-5 mm. long, lateral leaflets unequalsided, broad, common petioles

pilose, 2-3 cm. long. Peduncles longer than the leaves, pilose, laxly 3-6-flowered towards

the summit. Bracts lanceolate, pilose, subpersistent. Pedicels pilose. Calyx pilose,

tube short, segments lanceolate, pilose. Standard glabrous, 8-1@ mm. long; keel boat-

shaped, obtuse, a litile shorter than the standard. Pod not seen.

(APE ProvincE.—Komeha, R. Schlechter, Flanagan No. 854; Morugha, R. Schlechter

No. 6170.

This plant is very closely allied to the preceding and perhaps not specifically distinet.

The noticable features are the trifoliolate leaves, the terminal leaflets generally broader

than long, the long peduncles much longer than ‘he leaves, laxly 3-6-flowered near the

summit.

Series 9.—Flowers 10-12 mm. long in very lax raceme. Terminal leaflets suborbicular

or broadly ovate, hirsute. Stem rufo-prlose.

22. R. ovata, Wood and Evans in “Journ. Bot.” (1897), 350.

Stem sufiruticose, suberect, densely rufo-pilose. Stvpules linear lanceolate, -— 6 mm.

long. Leaves long petiolate, trifoliolate ; leaflets suborbicular or ovate, entire, base rounded,

hispid, and with long hairs ciliate, about 3 cm. long, 2:5 cm. broad ; lateral shortly petiolu-

late. Racemes axillary and terminal longer than the leaves, bearing a few distant flowers.

Calyx hairy, about 7 mm. long. Standard obovate, 10 mm. long, base auriculate and

clawed, glabrous; carina boat-shaped, apex obtuse. Pod oblong, acute, base narrowed,

about 18 mm. long.

ZULULAND.—Near Entumeni, Wood No. 3987 and Wood No. 8534.

Narat.—Lower Tugela, Wood No. 9275.

Easily recognized by the flexuous pilose stems, the suborbicular or broadly ovate

leaflets, and the very lax inflorescence of yellow flowers.

Series 10.—Flowers small, 9-10 mm. long, on var. grandiflora larger in a lax raceme.

Leaflets ovate, 2-3 cm. long, 15-25 mm. broad, in typical form. Standard glabrous.

23. R. Harmsiana, Schlechter, ex A. Zahlb. in ‘‘ Ann. Mus. Nat. Hofmus Wien.,” XX (1905),

26.

Stem voluble, branches filiform, puberulous. Strpules lanceolate, subulate, acuminate.

Terminal leaflets 2-3 cm. long, 15-25 cm. broad; common peiiole pubescent. Racemes

axillary, laxly several-flowered. Calyx campanulate, + 8 mm. long; segments subulate

124

longer than the tube. Standard about 1 cm. long, lamina obovate, base auriculate ;

wings obliquely oblong ; carina boat-shaped, obtuse. Ovary pilose, style filiform, glabrous. —

East GRIQUALAND.—Between Mt. Insiswa and the River Umzinhlawa, Krook No. 2584.

Natat.—Rudatis No. 1617; near Boston, Wood No. 11824.

Var. Burchellii, Burtt-Davy in “Kew Bull.,” 1921, 193.

Slender voluble herb. Leaves trifoliolate, terminal somewhat rhomboid, 13-20 mm.

long, 9-15 mm. broad, below sparsely glandular. Pedumcles longer than the leaves, 5-7-5

cm. long, generally laxly 5—-7-flowered. Calyx glandular, upper lobes short, lower longer,

subulate, acuminate. Standard glabrous, with purple-brown lines. Pod strigose, reaching

2 cm. long.

Cape Province.—Near Komgha, Flanagan No. 796; Van Stadensberg, Burchell

No. 4746; Kentani, Pegler No. 2032; Humansdorp Div., Kromme River, Burchell No.

4860.

Kast GRIGUALAND.—Near Clydesdale, Tyson No. 2073.

Natat.—Umzumbi, Wood No. 3143.

Var. nov. grandiflora.

Folia trifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus rhombeo-triangularibus apice acutis 30-45 mm.

longis, 25-55 mm. latis. Racemi multiflori cum pedunculo, 8-10 em. longi. Flores luiei,

12-15 mm. longi, longiuscule pedicellati, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis. Calyx in toto 9-10 mm.

longus, hirtus et glandulosus, dentibus superioribus 3-5 mm. longis, inferioribus 6-7 mm.

longis. Vezallum extus glabrum.

Natau.—Lundies Hill, Wood No. 11401, Natal Herb. No. 12427.

The leaflets are thin and covered with scattered hairs. The two uppermost teeth

of the calyx are more or less connate, the lowest segment very narrow. It is allied to

R. flavissima Hochs*., but the carina is shorter and the calyx is longer. The wing petals

are oblong with a short spur on one side.

Series 11.—Flowers, 10-13 mm. Leaves trifoliolate or wnifoliolate, leaflets rigid, elliptic-

oblong or subrhomboid. Peduncles generally long, larly 3-8-flowered. Standard glabrous.

24. R. nervosa, Benth., er Harvey, l.c. 253.

Stem prostrate or twining hispid-pubescent. Stipules small, narrow lanceolate or

subulate. Leaves in typical form trifoliolate, shortly petiolate, terminal leaflets elliptic-

oblong or subrhomboid, rigid, 3-nerved at base, hispido-pubescent 30-60 mm. long,

15-35 mm. broad, common petioles hispido-pubescent or villous, 3 15 mm. long or some-

times longer. Peduncles generally long, laxly 3-8-flowered. Calyx lobes lanceolate

acuminate, longer than the tube, shorter than the standard. Standard glabrous, 8-12 mm.

long. Pod sessile, villous.

Capr.—Sand River and Langspruit, Zeyher; Winterberg, Ecklon and Zeyher.

NATAL.—Near Intshanga, Wood Nos. 6231 and 6545; near Gillits, Wood No. 7990 ;

Claremont, Wood No. 7994.

East GRIQUALAND.—-Clydesdale, Tyson No. 1056.

TRANSVAAL.—Lydenberg, Wilms No. 381; Hoogeveld, Wilms No. 385; Pretoria,

A. O. D. Mogg No. 15636; Vereeniging, Rogers No. 11904; Kaalfontein, Pole-Evans

No. H.16796 : Jeppestown Ridge, Johannesburg, Gilfillan No. 54; Barberton, &. Galpin,

No. 1003.

Forma unifoliolata, Bak. fil.

Caules teretes, flexousi. Folia saepissime unifoliolata, late ovata, petiolo brevi suf-

fulta. Racemi laxi, 2-5-flori, foliis longiores. Flores + 1 cm. longi. Veaillum glabrum.

NYLSTROOM.—Mrs. De Jongh No. 6521.

125

R. nervosa, Benth., differs from R. hirsuta, Ecklon and Zeyher, in its shorter petioles:

its glabrous standard, and narrower stipules. The petals are yellow, with reddish striations-

R. nervosa, Benth., var. pauciflora, Harvey,is R. confusa, Burtt-Davy. Zeyher No. 515,

referred here doubifully by Harvey, is R. venulosus, K. Schum.

Series 12.—Flowers, 12-18 mm. Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets ovate-rhomboid,

acute. Racemes longer than the leaves, laxly several-flowered.

25. R. Caribaea, D.C., “ Prod.,” TT, 384; Baker in Oliver “Fl. Trop. Afr.,” IL.

_E. gibba, E. Mey., “Linnaea,” VII, 170; R. acuminata, Ecklon and Zeyher, 1666;

Copisma gibbum E. Mey., “ Comm.,” 187. |

Stems elongate. voluble or prostrate, generally pubesvent. Stvpules minute. Leaves

trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflet ovate-rhomboid, acute or sometimes obiuse, mem-

braneous, generally 2-4 cm. long and 2-3 cm. broad ; lateral leaflets unequalsided ; common

petiole 1-2 cm. long. Racemes longer than the leaves, laxly several-flowered, pedicels

24 mm. long. Calyx upper segments short and broad, lowest conspicuously longer,

subulate. Standard glabrous, broadly ovate ; wings oblong, base unguiculate ; keel boat-

shaped, base unguiculate. Pod falcate, much longer than the calyx, 24-30 mm. long.

Cape.—Districts Uitenhage, Ecklon No. 1667, Alexander No. 117; Somerset Div.,

Burcheli No. 3344, Bowker, Burchell Nos. 3096 and 2997; East London, FE. Galpin

No. 5684; Schoornstrom and Doornkop, Burke; Mossel Bay, Rogers No. 13348.

NATAL.—(Gerrard No. 1902; Weenen, Wood No. 4470; Karkloof, Wood No. 7209:

near Durban, Wood No. 7576.

British Karrraria.—Mrs. Hutton.

DELAGOA Bay.—J. Monteiro No. 14.

TRANSVAAL.—Wakkerstroom, Beeton No. 12526.

Var. pictam (E. gibba, E. Mey., var. pictum, Benth.).

Copisma pictum, E. Mey. “ Comm.,” 135.

A more densely pubescent or tomentulose plaat.

CAPE.—Somerset, Bowker ; Howisons Poort, Mrs. Hutton; East London, E. Galpin

No. 5685; Port Alfred, Burchell No. 4094; Komgha, Flanagan No. 719.

NATAL.—Inanda, Wood No. 692; Dist. Alexandra, Rudatis No. 896.

SwaZILAND.—Miss Stewart No. 4. ZULULAND.—Ngoye, Wood No. 10833.

Var. nov. Thorncroftii.

Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate, subacuminate. Flowers 15-18 mm.

Jong, larger than type.

: TRANSVAAL.—Saddleback Mnts., Barberton, alt. 5000 ft., G. Thorneroft No. 849;

Barberton, E. Galpin No. 1308, is allied to var. picta (Benth.).

Series 13.—Flowers small, 9-11 mm. long, in 3-8-flowered racemes. Terminal leaflets

triangular-ovate, apex acute.

26. R. Dieterlenae, Bak. fil., sp. nov.

Caulis volubilis, gracilis, pubescens. Stipulae angustae, 4-6 mm. longae. Folia

trifoliclata, foliolis terminalibus triangulari-ovatis, apice acutis, 3-4 longis, 2-5-3-0 em.

latis, lateralibus inaequilateralibus, petiolo 20-25 longo suffulta. Flores parviusculi in

racemos pauci vel plurifloros dispositi, 9-11 mm. longi. Racemi 3-7 cm. longi, saepius

3-8-flori. Calyx in toto 5 mm. longus, dentibus superioribus breviusculis. Vezillum

9-10 mm. longum, extus glabrum. Carina 9-10 longa. Ovariwm pilis vestitum. Legumen

ignotum.

BASUTOLAND.—Leribe, Mrs. Dieterlen No. 840. Natal Herb. No. 15418.

126

An ally of R. minima, D.C. The racemes are 3-8-flowered, the stipules narrow, and

the flowers 9-11 mm. long. The terminal leaflets are longer and Jarger than in R. minoma,

D.C., and the carina is tipped with blue. The standard is glabrous externally. The

young inflorescence is very hirsute.

Series 14.—Flowers, 10-12 mm. Leaflets broadly ovate-orbicular, rigid, hispid-pubescent .

Peduncles larly 3-12-flowered. Standard pubescent.

27. R. hirsuta, Ecklon and Zeyher, “ Enum.,” 256; Harvey, Le. 252.

Copisma diversifolium, EK. Mey., “ Comm.,” 135.

Stem widely spreading, flexuous, hirsute. Stipules ovate, acute. Leaves trifoliolate,

petiolate ; terminal leaflets broadly ovate-orbicular or rhombeo-obovate, rigid hispid-

pubescent, generally 2-5 cm. long, 2:5-4 cm. broad; petioles 1-2 cm. long, hirsute.

Peduncles elongate, laxly and distantly 3-8 or sometimes more flowered. Flowers 10-12 mm.

jong. Standard densely pubescent, about 10 mm. long; carina boat-shaped, 8-10 mm.

jong. Pod sessile, villous, 18-24 mm. long.

JAPE.—Philipstown, Eeklon and Zeyher No. 1676; Queenstown, H. Galpin No. 1587.

East GRIGUALAND.—Near Clydesdale, Tyson Nos. 1448 and 2193.

BasuTOLAND.—Leribe, Mrs. Dieterlen No. 6841.

TRANSVAAL.—Magaliesberg, Burke and Zeyher.

Var. angustifolia, Harvey, l.c. 252.

Upper leaves oblong, lower ovate.

NATAL.—Port Natal, Gueinzius.

Series 15.—Flowers, 13-15 mm. Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets ovate, thickish,

canotomentose below. Peduncles generally longer than the leaves, larly few-flowered.

28. R. argentea, Harvey, |.c. 1, 253.

Glycine argentea, Thunh., “FI. Cap.,” 292.

Stem voluble, tomentose. ee). ovate, acnie. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ;

terminal leaflets ovate, thickish, canotomentose below, 15-33 mm. long, 13-22 mm. broad;

terminal petiolules 3-6 mm. long ; common petioles 10-16 mm. long. Peduneles generally

longer than the leaves, occasionally shorter, laxly few-flowered. Pedicels rather long,

4-6 mm. Calyx pubescent, its upper segments broadly lanceolate, lowest rather longer

subulate. Standard pubescent. Pod not seen.

CAPE.—Thunberg, Burchell No. 5122; Knysna, Newdigate No. 207; Stockenstroom,

N.P. Scully No. 4886.

There is a specimen of Glycine argentea in Thunberg’s Herbarium which agrees with

that of Burchell.

This species is easily recognized by the broadly ovate leaflets canotomentose below.

The flowers are rather large, 13-15 mm. long. |

Series 16.—Flowers small, 6-8 or 9 mm. long. Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate or

r hombeo-obovate.

29. R. minima, D.C., “ Prod.,” I], 385; Harvey, l.c. ii, 254. |

Dolichos minimus, “ Linn.,” sp. pl. 726; Copisma tenue and Copisma falcatum, E. ;

Mey., “ Comm.,” 136.

Stem slender, voluble, thinly downy or glabrescent. Stipules small, narrow. Leaves f

trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate or rhombeo- obovate, varying

mucn in size and shape; lateral leaflets unequalsided ; common petiole 5-25 mm. long.

Racemes laxly several or many flowered, longer than the leaves. Flowers small, 6-9 mm.

long. Calyx 3-4 mm. long, lowest lobe longer than the others, much shorter than the —

petals. Standard orbicular-obovate, 5-7 mm. long. Carina boat-shaped. Pods capi ae

10-17 mm. long, about 4 mm. wide, puberulent, seeds brown. 5

127

NATAL.—Durban, Wood No. 7556; Port Natal, Dr. Grant; near Durban, Wood No.

6383.

TRANSVAAL.—Barberton, £. Galpin No. 1196 ; Shilouvane, Junod No. 1114; Potgieters-

rust, Leendertz No. 2328, H. Bolus No. 11120; Komatipoort, R. Schlechter No. 11773.

LOURENCO Makques.—R. Schlechter No. 11566.

A widely spread little plant. May be recognized by the lax raceme of small flowers,

6-8 or sometimes 9 mm. long.

Series 17.—Flowers 10-12 mm. long in lax 10-24-flowered racemes. Terminal leaflets

ovate-triangular, acute. Stem rufous hirsute.

30. R. stenodon, sp. nov.

Caulis volubilis rufo-hirsutus. Stipulae lanceolatae, acuminatae, rufo-hirsutae, 5-6 mm.

longae. Folia trifoliolatae, foliolis terminalibus ovate-triangularibus -- 5 cm. longis, et

4-4-5 cm. latis, lateralibus imaeguilateralibus, omnibus wtrinque pubescentibus, subtus

nerviis rufo-hirtis, petiolo communi rufo-hirsuto 25-30 mm. longo praedita. Racemi

saepius 10-24-flori, laxi. Flores flavi 10-12 mm. longi. Calyx in toto, 8-9 mm. longus,

glandulosus e« hirsutus, dentibus infimis angustissimis et longioribus, dentibus supremis

connatis. Vexillum obovatum, unguiculatum. Alae oblongae uno latere calcaratae.

Carina naviculariformis. Ovariuwm pilis vestitans.

Natat.—Oliver’s Hoek Pass, Wood No. 3344. Alt. 4800 fit. In flower Jan., 1886.

An ally of R. Pentheri, Schlechter. The flowers are yellow, the calyx is hirsute and

olandular, the lowest segment conspicuously longer than the rest and very narrow. The

wing petals have a prominent tooth on one side.

Series 18.—Flowers, 10-12 mm. Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets rhombeo-obovate.

Racemes lax, many flowered.

21. R. memnonia, D.C., var. prostrata, Harvey, l.c. 253.

Stem flexuous, longitudinally striate, pubescent. St&ipules lanceolate deciduous:

Leaves trifoliclaie, petiolate, terminal leaflets rhombeo-obovate generally, 10-12 mm. long

and about the same breadth, terminal petiolules pubescent, 3-4 mm. long; lateral leaflets

unequalsided ; common petiole 5-10 mm. long. Racemes longer than the leaves, lax,

many-flowered. Flowers pendent. Calyx glandular, about 10 mm. long; segments

longer than the tube, lanceolate. Standard pubescent on back, 10-11 mm. long; carina

about 10 mm. long, boat-shaped. Pod 15-20 mm. long, pubescent.

TRANSVAAL.— Blomberg, R. Schlechter No. 4647; Magaliesberg, Burke No. 101;

Shilouvane, Junod No. 768; Komatipoort, R. Schlechter No. 11750.

DELAGOA Bay.—Bolus No. 1143.

NATAL.—(Gerrard No. 1949.

The plant described by Harvey as typical R. memnonia I have placed under R. albis-

sima, Gandoger. It is in all parts tomentose-canescent or silky.

Series 19.—Flowers, 10-12 mm. Leaflets densely velvety, thick. . Peduncles elongate,

lazly several-flowered. Standard pubescent.

32. R. crassifolia, Benth. in Harvey, L.c.

hk. longipes, Harms in Engler’s “ Jahrb.,” XXVI, 306.

Stem procumbent. Branches, petioles, etc., densely velvety. Stipules oblong obovate.

Leaves irifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets elliptic-ovate, subobtuse, softly velvety,

50-55 mm. long, 30-42 mm. broad ; petioles 10-25 mm. long, hairy. Peduncles elongate,

laxly several-flowered or sometimes many-flowered. Calyx silky, villous, 6-7 mm. long;

segments longer than the tube, shorter than the standard. Standard pubescent, 8-10 mm.

long ; carina boat-shaped. Pod sessile, villous, 20-25 mm. long, 7-8 mm. broad.

128

TRANSVAAL.—Magaliesberg, Burke and Zeyher; between Kaap and Crocodile Rivers,

E. Galpin No. 1067; Lydenberg, Wilms No. 395; near Pretoria, McLea No. 8158;

Shanskop Fort, Pole-Evans No. 186 ; Cerro de Pasco, near Barberton, E. Galpin No. 1067.

Easily recognized by the thick velvety leaves, the elongate lax-flowered peduncle,

the hairy standard, and the villous pod.

Series 20.—Flowers 10-12 mm. long in lax racemes much longer than the leaves. Terminal

leaflets suborbicular, obtuse. Standard glabrous.

33. R. Pentheri, Schlechter, ex A. Zahlb in “ Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien.,” XX (1905), 26.

Decumbent branches filiform, elongate, voluble, subvillose, puberulous. Stipules minute,

obliquely lanceolate. acuminate. Leaves trifoliolate ; terminal leaflets rhombeo-orbicular

cr o1bicular, obtuse, 15-25 mm. long, 12-25 mm. broad; common petiole about 5 mm.

long in type, villose-puberulous. Racemes elongate, much exceeding the leaves, laxly

several or many flowered, longly peduncled. Calyx campanulate, about 7 mm. long, some-

what glandular; segments subulate. Standard obovoid, base auriculate, about 11 mm.

long; wings oblong; carina boat-shaped, obtuse. Ovary pilose ; style filiform, glabrous.

Pod not seen.

CapE.—Albany Division, Dr. Atherstone.

East GRIOUALAND.—Near Newmarket, Krook No. 9631 ; near Currie’s Post, Schlechter

No. 6087.

NATAL.—Van Reenens Pass, Krook No. 2523; near Charlestown, Wood No. 5707,

Gerrard No. 1736.

BASUTOLAND.—Leribe, Dieterlen No. 112. KAFFRARIA, Baur.

Var. Hutchinsoniana, Burtt-Davy and Bak. fil. in “ Kew Bull.,” 1921, 193.

Prostrate herb. Stems hirsute. Leaves sessile or subsessile; terminal leaflets sub-

orbicular, obtuse, 30-34 mm. Jong, 30-33 mm. broad. Racemes reaching 15-21 cm. long,

laxly-flowered. Flowers about 1 cm. long. Calyx hirsute, more or less glandular ; lobes

acuminate. Corolla apex purplish; standard yellow, with purple lines. Pod not seen.

NATAL.—Karkloof, J. Wylie in Herb. Wood No. 7212; Edendale, Wood No. 4601;

Van Reenen, Wood No. 6674; near Northdene. Wood No. 3180.

East GRIGUALAND.— Near Clydesdale, Tyson No. 2068.

TRANSVAAL.—Johannesburg, Gilfillan No. 211.

Series 91.—Leaflets ovate-orbicular or subrhomboid, below densely gland-dotted. Flowers

10-12 mm. long, in racemes longer than the leaves. In var. Cooperi, Harvey, flowers larger.

34. R. adenodes, Ecklon and Zeyher, ‘“ Enum.,” 254; Harvey, l.c. 1, 254.

R. amatymbica, Ecklon and Zeyher No. 1671; Copisma effusum, E. Mey., “ Comm.,” 185.

Prostrate, subglabrous or minuiely puberulous. Stipules lanceolate. Leaves trifoliolate,

petiolate ; terminal leaflets ovate-orbicular or subrhomboid, acute or obiuse, resimous-

dotted, generally 7-25 mm. long, 10-25 mm. broad; terminal petiolule 2-3 mm. long ;

lateral leaflets unequalsided ; common petiole 10-24 mm. long. Peduncles longer than

the leaves, shortly and closely racemose near the summit. Calyx pubescent, its segments

lanceolate, longer than the tube. Standard glabrous or puberulent, glandular, longer than

the calyx. Pod hairy, 15-18 mm. long. .

Cape.—Somerset East Division, Boschberg, Bolus No. 322; East London, £. Galpin

Nc 7338; Aliwal North, Bolus No. 10472; Queenstown Dist., Mrs. Barber, E. Galpin

No. 1595; Komgha, Flanagan No. 764; near Philipstown, Ecklon No. 1670.

ZULULAND.—Mckenzie. TEMBUKILAND.—Ecklon No. 1671.

NATAL.—Krauss No. 301; Drakensberg, Rehmann No. 7067 ; Inanda, Wood Nos. 244,

419, 297; between Greytown and Newcastle, Wilms No. 1950.

[29

East GRIOUALAND.—Near Clydesdale, Tyson No. 1447-1055; Umzumwubu Flats,

Tyson No. 1152.

KAFPBRARIA.—T. Cooper No. 155; Baur Nos. 24, 125, 761.

TRANSVAAL.—Preioria, Rehmann No. 4648 ; Lydenberg, Wilms Nos. 281, 282; Fairy

Glen, Leendert: No. 318; Wakkerstroom, Beeton No. 12393; Heidelberg, Gilfillan No. 76;

Vereeniging, Gilfillan No. 142; Standerton, Burtt-Davy No. 2323.

Var. laxiflora, Burit-Davy in Herb., Kew.

Pedunculr elongaii, laxiflon. Flores parviusculi, 7-8 mm. longi.

NATAL.—Pietermaritzburg, Dr. Sutherland, Herb., Kew.

‘The leaflets are rhombeo-ovate pointed, 10-17 mm. long, 9-13 mm. broad.

Var. Cooperi (R. Cooperi, Harvey, ms.)

Foliola majora late ovata vel suborbicularia. Pedunculc longi. Flores majores,

14-18 min. longi.

East GRIQUALAND.—Near Fort Donald, Tyson No. 1637 ; Clydesdale, Tyson No. 2065.

ORANGE FREE Srate.—T. Cooper No. 1019.

Natau.—Gillit’s, Wood No. 11503; Lynedoch, Wood No. 4538; Nottingham Road,

Wood No. 6042. KREILS COUNTRY — Bowker.

This is a climbing plant with orange-coloured flowers.

Series 22.—Flowers, 12-15 mm. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets large, softly villous.

Peduncles elongate, densely racemose beyond the middle.

35. R. sigmodes, Benth., ex Harvey, lc. 11. 251.

Sigmodostyles villosa, Benth. in Hook, *‘ Lond. Journ.,” HU, 93.

Stem robust, prostrate, softly villous. Stipules broadly triangular. Leaves iritoliolate.

subsessile or shortly petiolate; termumal leaflets cordate-ovate or suborbicular, rugose,

thick, velvety, 7-11 cm. long, 6-12 cm. broad. Peduncles elongate, dersely racemose

beyond the middle. Calyx 7-9 mm. long, villous, its segments longer than the tube.

Standard glabrous, 12-13 mm. long; keel 198 14 mm. long. Pod falcate, hairy, 20-28 mm.

long. sessile, obtuse.

NATAL.—Near Pietermaritzburg, Krauss; near Howick, Wood Nos. 8384 and 86625;

Inanda, Wood No. 1059; near Pinetown, Wood No. 3406.

Hast GRIQUALAND. ER Tyson No. 1581.

TRANSVAAL.— Wilms No. 387 (forma).

Wilms No. 387, issued with a ms. name, seems a form of this species, Beh more angled

leaves than usual. |

Series 23.—Leaflets glandular. Racemes ee many-flowered. Flowers about 15 mm.

long. Standard glandular.

26. R. chrysantha, Schlechter, ex A. Zahlb. in “ Ann, Nat. Hofmus. Wien.,” XX (1905), 2

Decumbent at length, voluble ; branches filiform, more or less compressed, Ee

puberulous. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate. Leaves tmfoholate, petiolate ; terminal

leaflets ovate-suborbicular., 18-30 mm. long, 15-30 mm. broad, below olandular : > common

petiole 20-35 mm. long. Racemes longly peduncled, densely many-flowered (15-25), much

exceeding the leaves. Calyx campanulaie, about 10 mm. long, glandular ; segments linear-

Janceolate. Standard obovoid, about 13 mm. long; wings obliquely EE. spathulate;

carina boat-shaped. Ovary pilose ; style filiform, olabrous. Pod not seen.

NATAL.—Ixopo, Krook No. 2547, Schlechter No. 6641; District Alexandria. Wilms

No. 1305.

Easily recognized by its dense raceme, glardular leaves, and glandular standard.

)

130

D.—STEM VOLUBLE. LEAVES NARROWER.

Series 24.—Leaves is eit bac elliptic-oblong or oblong. Peduncles 1-2 flowered,

shorter than leaves. 7 sarah 4

37. R. puberula, Harvey, l.c. 255.

Copisma tottum, BE. Mey., “Comm.,” 133; Eriosema puber alae Keklon said De ee 16773.

Hedysarum ciliatum, Thunbg. * gl. Cap., is 594: Desmodium? ciliatum, D.C., “ Prod..” aaa,

Root woody. Stems several, spreading, prostrate or subvoluble. Seine lanceolate.

Leaves trifoliolate, very shortly petiolate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong or oblong-rigid ; terminal

leaflets 24-30 mm. long, 8-16 mm. earl Peduncles \—2-flowered, shorter than the leaves.

Flowers 10-13 mm. long. Calyx villous, 6-7 mm. long, its segments longer than the tube,

shorter than the petals. Standard glabrous, longer than the calyx, 10-12 mm. long;

catina shorter than the standard. Pod sessile, very villous, 12-16 mm. long seeds.

CAPE.—(Galeebosch, Thunberg; Albany Division, Bowie, Burchell Nos. 3498 and 4189 ;

Visch River, Hutton near Grahamstown, P. MacOwan No. 478 : Mossel Bay DE

Burchell No. 6210 ; Uitenhage, fcklon No. 1577; Riversdale Division, near Spiegel River,

Burchell No. 7206; Kingwilliamstown Division, Tyson No. 853. NATAL. —-Camperdown,

Miss Franks No. 12528. British Karrrarta.—T. Cooper No. 539. TRANSVAAL.—Magalies-

berg, Burke. j

Kasily recognized by the several spreading subvoluble stems, the trifoliolate leaves

with rigid elliptic- oblong or oblong leaflets, and the few-flowered inflorescence’ shorter

than the leaves. |

Serves 25.--Leaves usually trifoliolate, rarely unifoliolate ; leaflets ovate, or oblong or

lanceolate, petiolate. Peduncles \-3-flowered.

38. R. Totta, D.C., “ Prod.,” II, 388; Harvey, Le. ii, 255.

Glycine Totta. Thunberg, “ Flora Cap.,” 591.

Procumbent or subvoluble Stem filiform, hispido-pubescent or slabrate. Sipules

small, ovate-lanceolate, rigid. Leaves in ty pical form, trifoliolate, petiolate ; ; leaflets in

typical form, ovate or ovate-oblong, reticulate, terminal leaflets 10-25 mm. long, 5-12 mm.

broad; common petioles 5-15 mm. long; lateral leaflets somewhat unequalsided.

Peduncles filiform, equalling the petioles or longer, 1-3-flowered. Calyx segments longer

than the tube, put shorter than the standard. Standard glabrous, 6-9 mm. long. Pod

oblong, sessile, pilose, pubescent.

Cape.—Galgebosch, Thunberg, type ; Grahamstown, MacOwan No. 462; Humansdorp

Division, Burchell No, 4824, Burtt- -Davy No. 12088. ,

BECHUANALAND.— Burchell Nos. 9433, 2487, 2569.

Natau.—hadysmith, Wood No. 8254; Phoenix, Schlechter No. 3027.

The type of #. Totta in Thunberg’s Herbarium has ovate or ovate-oblong leaves,

Copisma paniculatum, E. Mey., from Magaliesberg i in the Transvaal, and Katrivierspoort,

has longer and narrower leaflets, but is not specifically distinct.

Var. Fenchelii, Schinz in “ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,” LIT, 426 OR:

Stem ` grey puberulous. ` Leaves trifoliolate.

GREAT NAMAQUALAND.—-Keeimanshoop, Fenchel No. 195.

Var. namaensis, Schinz. in Herb. EE

Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, grey puberulous: ‘

GREAT NAMAQUALAND.— Seeheim, ali. 4000 ft., Pearson No. 3741; Keetmanshoop,

Fenchel. Intermediate between R. Totta, D.C., and R. longiflora, Schinz.

tal

Var. pilosa, Harvey; Le. ii, 256, pro species.

Copisma pilosum, KE. Mey., “Comm.,” 133.

Stem patently prone Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets of lower leaves ovate-oblong of the

upper linear. et

PORT NATAL @ welmenus Zumreberg and between the Omtendo and Omsamculo,

Drege.

This is hardly specifically distinct from R. Totta, D.C.

Var. unifoliolata, Burtt-Davy, in “ Kew Bull.,” 1921, 49, pro species.

Leaves unifoliolate or trifoliolate, leaflets ovate, common petiole short, 1-2 mm.

Flowers 7-8 mm. long.

TRANSVAAL. —Ermelo, Burtt-Davy No. 17408. HOOGBVELD.—Rehmamn No. 6836.

Va ar: brevipetiolata, Bales il.

Caules flexuosi, pilosi vel tomentosi. Stipulae lanceolatae, striatae. Folia trifoliolata,

anguste oblonga vel elliptica, foliolis terminalibus 15-23 mm. longis, 5~12 mm. latis, apice

acutis, petiolo communi brevi, 2-4 mm. longo suffulta. Flores 8 mm. longi, pedunculati,

saepissime 'solitarri rarius ini. Calyx 6-7 mm. longus, pilosus. Legumen 10-15 mm.

longum, pilosum.

TRANSVAAL.—Johannesburg, Teeecioan Ridge, Gilfillan Nos. 22 and 65; Nat. Herb.,

Pretoria, Nos. 6103 and 6104.

Ally of R. Totta, D.C., var. pilosa, Harvey. The noticeable features are the pilose or

tomentose stems, the short petioles. It was distributed as R. puberula, Harvey.

Var. graciliflora (R. graciliflora Harms) in Herb. Mus. Brit.

Stems flexuous, filiform, pubescent or nearly glabrous. Strpules lanceolate, longi-

tudinally striate, 4-5 mm. long. Leaves irifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets linear-

lanceolate, glabrous above with a few scattered hairs below, 3-4-5 cm. long, 3-5 mm.

broad ; terminal petiolules 4 mm. long; lateral leaflets slightly unequalsided at base ;

common petioles 15-25 mm. long. Peduncles slender, generally one-flowered. Calyx

hairy ; segments lanceolate, longer than the tube, but shorter than the corolla. Standard

glabrous, “7-9 mm. long. Pod about 16 mm. long, hairy outside, seeds reddish brown.

Care.—Queenstown, EL. Galpin No. 1547. Navat.—Mooi River, J. Webb No. 7011.

East (GRIGUALAND.—Kokstad, Tyson No. ‘1336. BASUTOLAND.—Leribe, Mrs. Dieterlen

No. 6839. OBANGE Free STATE.—Bethlehem, 7. Potgieter No. 59.

TRANSVAAL.—Lydenberg, Wilms No. 367; Modderfontem, Conrath No. 259; near

Pretoria, Bolus No. 7750; Ermelo, G. McCall No. 7592; Davel, W. J. Wayland, sine no. ;

near Pretoria, Pole-Evans No. 51. .

A plant from Camperdown, Franks (Com. Medley Wood No. 11826), is a form of this

species.

Differs from the type of R. Totta in Thunberg’s Herbarium by the linear lanceolate

leaves.

29. R. longiflora, Schinz in “ Bot. Verh. Brand.” XXX, 168 (1889).

Stems slender, voluble, pilose. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets narrow,

lanceolate, acute, mucronate, 13-30 mm. long, 2:5-5 mm. broad; terminal petiolules

2 mm.; lateral leaflets unequalsided ; common petiole reaching 8 mm. long. Pedwneles

axillary, two-flowered. Calyx bilabiate ; segments as long as or a little longer than the

tube. Standard glabrous, 22 mm. long; keel about the same length; wings shorter,

about 13 mm. long. Pod pilose, sessile, about 23 mm. long and 7 mm. broad.

GREAT NAMAQUALAND.—Osis.

139

. ` . f 4 : 7

Noticeable on account of the narrow lanceolate terminal leaflets and two-flowered 1

racemes. | a

R. amboense, Schinz.. is allied, bu: ihe flowers are smaller. at;

R. Totta. D.C., var. namaensis, Schinz, seems intermediate between R. Totta and the

present species. Flowers longer than in R. Totta, D.C.

Series 26.—Leaflets lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, when young sericeous. Flowers

8-19 min. long, in a very lax raceme.

40. R. elegantissima, Schinz. in ‘“‘ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,” LIT, 428 (1907).

R. sericea, Conrath in Herb.. Kew. |

Suffruter with flexuous, filiferm branches. Stipules longitudmally striate. Leaves

trifoliolate, petiolate; terminal Icaflets lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long and 8-12 mm. broad ;

terminal petiolules 2-3 mm. long : lateral leaflets slightly unequalsided ; common petiole

8-15 mm. long. Racemes few-flowored, very lax. Flowers 8-10 mm. long. Calyx seg-

ments acuminate, shorter ihar ihe stendard. Standard 7-9 mm. long. Pod 15-17 mm.

long, pubescent, seeds dark coloured.

TRANSVAAL. Rehmani No. 5545 near Pretoria. Conrath No. 258; Onderstepoort,

A. O. D. Mogg No. 15674.

A suffrutex with flexuous branches. The young foliage is silvery, the leaflets are

lanceolate. |

Series 27. -Leaflets oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, tomentose. Flowers 10-12 mm.

long, in very lax few-flowered racemes. Stems rufo-tomentose. ;

41. R. venulosus. K. Schum. in “Just Jahrb.,”’ XXVIII, 496.

Dolicholus venulosus, Hiern. m ` Cat. Welw. Afr. Pl...” 1, 271: R. cinnamomea, Schinz. in

“ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,” LIT, 429 (1907); R. remota, Conrath in “ Kew Bull.”

(1908), 224. :

Stem ‘ereve, densely rufo-tomentose, scandent. Stipules small. Leaves trifoliolate,

oblong, ovate or ovate-lanceolate tomentose ; terminal leafle.s 20-35 mm. long, 10-14 mm.

broad ; lateral leaflets base more or less oblique; common petioles 10-15 mm. long.

Racemes axillary, very lax, 2—5-flowered ; pedicels densely pubescent, 2-3 mm. long. Calyx

7 mm. long; segments acuminate, longer than the tube. Standard 8-11 mm. long. Pod

oblong, pilose, about 2 em. long. :

TRANSVAAL. Magaliesberg, A. Schlechter No. 4162 : Witpoortje. near Johannesburg,

Conrath No. 262: Mooi River, Burke; Rustenburg. Olive Nation No. 147. |

BECHUANALAND.—-Kuruman Hills, Burchell No. 2172.

Kasily recognized by the terete, scandent, cinnamon-coloured, hirsute or tomentose

stem. and very lax 2-5-flowered racemes.

Zeyher No. 515 is this species. |

Series 8... Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets oblong or oblong-lunceolate, or ovate. Pedwneles

slender, longer than the leaves, 1-6-flowered at the summit. Pod stipatate.

42. R. glandulosa, D.C., “ Prod..” Il, 388; Harvey, Le. 256.

Glycine glandulosa, Thunberg, “ Cap..” 591: Glycine heterophylla, Thunberg, ‘ Cap.,”

392; Copisma glandulosum. E. Mevy., “ Comm..” 183; Rhynchosia glandulosa, riparia,

giabra, Ecklon and Zeyher; Glycine glabra, Spreng ; New Entdack, iii, 54. ees:

Rhynchosia glabra, D.C., “ Prod.,” N. 387; Copisma glabrim, E. Mey., “ Comm.,” 134. —

_. Prostrate. or . voluble, glabrous. or downy. Stipules ovate or sublanceolate. Leaves.

‘rifoliolate, peiiolate; leaflets oblong or-oblong-lanceolate, or ovate; terminal leaflets

10-30 mm. long, 3-16 mm. broad. resinous-doited and paler beneath. Peduneles slender,

longer than the leaves, 1-6-flowered. at the summit. Calyx tube shorter than the lanceo-

late segments. Standard glabrous. Pod stipulate, glabrous or doway, 16-18 mm. long,

tapering at base into a stipe 2-4 mm. long.

CapE.—Common on stony hills from Capetown to Uitenhage and Albany.

Series 29.—Leaflets linear, below resinous-punctate. Pedicels axillary one-flowered.

43. R. rigidula, D.C., “Prod..” TE, 388.

Stem erect, retrorsely cano-pubescent. Leaflets linear, mucronate, pubescent, below

resinous-punciate. Pedicels axillary, one-flowered, at the middle inflexed, then deflexed.

the length of the petiole. Pod subvillose, one-seeded, oblong.

CAPE.—Burchell No. 2587.

This is only known to me from De Candolle’s description, of which the above is a trans-

lation. I think there is some error in the number. as this number belongs to a plant of

another family.

E.—STEMS RIGID OR SUBRIGID, USUALLY ERECT.

Series 30.—Leaves trifoliolate, subsessile or shortly petiolate, terminal leaflets elliptic-

oblong or lanceolate-oblong. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, closely few-flowered in var.

densiflora. mostly terminal and more densely flowered.

44. R. Orthodanum, Benth., er Harvey, |.c. 257: Wood, “ Natal Plants,” t. 220.

Orthodanum latifolium, sordidum, and argenteum, KH. Mey., “ Comm.,” 131-2;

Eriosema sericeum, Ecklon and Zeyher, “ Enum.,” 256.

Erect suffruiicose, silky-villous or glabrescent. Stipules lanceolate. Leaves tmfoliolate,

subsessile, or shortly petiolate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, or oblanceolate,

20-60 mm. long, 5-20 mm. broad. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, closely few-flowered.

Calyx 8-10 mm. long: lobes lanceolate-acuminate, much longer than the tube, either

shorter or longer than the standard. Standard glabrous, suborbicular-obovate ; ` keel

boat-shaped. Pod 12-16 mm. long, silky. sometimes glabrescent.

Cape._—Winterberg, apove Philipstown, Kai River. Heklon and Zeyher; Kentani,

Miss Pegler. |

NATAL.—Port Natal. Drége, Krauss No. 374; in open ground all over the Colony,

fide Wood. dt

British KAFFRARITA.—T. Cooper No. 294.

TRANSVAAL.—Near Crocodile River. R. Schlechter No. 3921; Johannesburg, Dr. Rand

No. 951.

Var. Muhlenbeckii, Harvey, |.c. 257.

Orthodanum Muhlenbeckii and O. glabratum, Meisner in Hook, “ Lond. Journ.,” I1, 91-2.

Siems dwarf. Leaves ard flowers smaller, terminal; leaflets generally 10-15 mm.

long, 3-7 mm. broad.

(apg.—Near Kromme River, Uitenhage; Albany Division: Uitenhage. Bowie;

(Queenstown. E. Galpin No. 1958.

Var, nov. densiftora.

Pedunculi saspissine terminale copiose floriferi.

NaTaL.—District Alexandra, H. Ridatis No. 1349.

This species is variable in size and shape of Jeaflets. It occurs as far north as Gaza-

land. where it was collected near-Chipete by C. F. MW. Swynnerton. ok

Series 31.-Terminal leaflets broad: cinereous-tomentose, Racemes few-flowered. Flowers

16-17 mm. long.

134

45. R. spectabilis, Schinz in “ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,” LV, 236 (1910).

Fruticose, stems canotomentose. Stipules small, hairy. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ;

terminal leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular ovate, base cordate or subcordate, 3-5 cm.

long, 8-5-5 cm. broad ; terminal petiolules 8-10 mm. long ;” lateral leaflets unequalsided,

all markedly reticulate and canotomentose below. Racemes few-flowered, shorter than the

leaves. Calyx canotomentose externally, about 11 mm. long; lobes lanceolate. Standard

covered with white hairs externally ; keel about as long as the standard. Pod 20-25 mm.

long, apiculate, hairy. ) ;

~ TRANSVAAL.—Moord Drift, R. Schlechter No. 4310, Leendertz No. 2228.

A canotomentose shrub with few-flowered racemes, and flowers 16-17 mm. long. __

Series 32.—Leaves shortly petiolate, terminal leaflet oval or suborbicular. Raceme

shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Stem terete.

46. R. Rudolfi, Harms, in “ Notizblatt. Bot. Gard.,” Berlin, B.Ld. VIII, 156 (1922). .

Species ad Jê. ambacensem, K. Schum (Dolicholum ambacensem, Hiern) affinis. ' Caulis

rigidus, erectus, ferrugineo-tomentosus. Stipulae ferrugineo-tomentosae mox delapsae.

Folia trifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus ovalibus vel ovali-suborbicularibus ufringue tomen-

tosis, 4-4-5 cm. longis, 25-33 mm. latis, foliolis lateralibus saepius minoribus, 3-3°5 em.

longis, 15-30 mm. latis, petiolo communi ferrugineo-tomentoso 5-10 mm. longo suffulta

petiolulis foliolorum terminalium 6-8 mm. longis etiam ferrugineo-tomentosis. _ Racemz foliis

breviores saepius 2~—3-flori, rhachi ferrugineo-tomentosa. Calycis tubus brevis extus ferru-

gineo-tomentosus, lobis angustis lineari-lanceolatis tubo multoties longioribus. Petala

delapsa. Ovarium pilis albidis dense villosum. 7 |

TRANSVAAL.—Near Crocodile River, alt. 1600 m., &. Schlechter No. 3910, Herb. Zurich.

This is an erect plant. the stem being ferrugineo-tomentose. The leaves are trifolioiate,

the terminal leaflets are longer than they are broad. The racemes are 2-3-flowered. Calyx

13-14 mm. long, of which the tube is only 4 mm. It differs from R. ambacensis, K- Schum,

by the shape of the terminal leaflets and the tomentum. It is also allied to R. spectabilas,

Schinz.

Series 33.—Leaflets ovate or orbiculay-ovate. Peduncles axillary, two-flowered. Flowers

18-20 mm. long.

47. R. komatiensis, Harms in Engler’s “ Jahrb.,” XXVI, 306.

Fruticose erect, branches pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate, shortly petiolate ; terminal

leaflets ovate or orbicular-ovate, 15-27 mm. long, 12-20 mm. broad ; lateral leaflets unequal-

sided ; common petiole 5-10 mm. long, tomentose. Peduncles axillary, short, about two-

flowered ; pedicels equalling calyx or shorter. Calyx obliquely campanulate ; teeth ovate ;

lowest longest. Corolla about 18 mm. long, about three times the length of the calyx ;

standard pilose externally. Ovary and young pod densely hirsute.

TRANSVAAL.— Between Spitzkop and the Komati River, Wilms No. 374; Shilovane,

Junod No. 541.

A shrub with ovate or ovate-orbicular leaflets and two-flowered peduncles. The

corolla is about three times the length of the calyx, which is an interesting feature of this

species. ane

Section 34.— Leaves petiolate, terminal leafle! ovate-lanceolate. Racemes shorter than the

leaves. Flowers large. Standard 15-18 mm. long in type. Upper calycine lobes shorter than

lowest lobe. “is

48. R. clivorum, 8. Moore in “ Journ. Bot.,” XVI, 151 (1878).

Suffruticose erect. Stipules rather large, oblong-acuminate. Leaves trifoliolate, petio-

late ; terminal leaflet ovate-lanceolate, below conspicuously nerved, 5~6 cm. long, 18-25 mm.

broad; lateral leaflets unequalsided, Racemes shorter than the leaves, few-flowered,

Flowers yellow, perfumed. Calyx lobes oblong, acute, unequal ; lower longer, slightly longer,

than the keel ; upper somewhat broader ; tube about 5 mm. long ; lowest lobe 11— 12 mm.

long. Standard 15-18 mm. long, ovate, about as long as the carina ; carina boat- SBA BER>

obtuse, base longly unguicelate. Pod about 15 mm. lone seeds subreniform.

TRANSVAAL.—Near Pilgrims Rest, J. McLea No. 3033 ; Ivy Range, alt. 5000 {t., Thorn-

croft No. 342.

Var. nov. longicalycina. | |

Folia trifoliolata, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis. Calycis lobis inferioribus, 20-22 mm.

longisquam religuiis et carinam longioribus, calyx in toto 26-28 mm. longus.

_ TransvaaL.—Pietersburg, Isobel MacCallum No. 1415, Herb. Kew.

_. This variety differs in having a longer calyx and rather longer leaffets.

This species is a small shrub and is easily recognized by the erect habit, large flowers,

and ovate-lanceolate leaflets.

R. pycnantha, Harms, is doubtiully distinct.

Series 35. — Silky-silvery plants. Leaves trifoliolate. EE few-flowered, generally

shorter than leaves, rarely longer. Flowers 16-23 mm. long. Standard pubescent.

: (a) Leaflets broadly ovate or cordate-ovate.

BR. Benth., in Harvey, |.c. 257.

Erect suffruticose, ‘everywhere silky-silvery. Stem terete or sabicrete: Stipules obsolete .

Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; ; terminal leaflets broadly ovate or cordate-ovate ; lateral

leaflets unequalsided ; common petiole, 6-12 mm. Racemes 2-3-flowered, shorter than the

leaf. Flowers 16-18 mm. long, yellow. Calyx much shorter than the petals, 7-8 mm. long,

lobes shorter than the tube. Standard pubescent, 16-18 mm. long, about twice as long as the

calyx ; carina boat-shaped, a little shorter than the standard. Pod densely pilose, 3 cm.

long. . | | oa

TRANSVAAL.—Magaliesbere, Burke and Zeyher; Waterkloof, Pretoria, I. C. Verdoorn

No. 40; Meintjes Kop, Pole-Evans No. 356. ed

This i is an erect sufirutex with silky-silvery foliage and yellow flowers. The standard

is en and. about twice as long as the calyx.

(b) Leaflets longer, oblong-obovate. Flowers targer.

50. R. Galpini, sp. nov.

Suffrutex erectus, caulibus juvenilibus tomentosis. Folia trifoholata, praecique subtus

argenteo-sericea, foliolis terminalibus oblongo-obovatis, 4-5 cm. longis, 2-2-5 cm. latis,

foliolis Jateralibus inaequilateralibus, angustioribus 3 5d om. longis, 12-15 mm. latis,

petiole communi 3-6 mm. longo praedita. Racemz pluriflori. Flores majusculi, 20-23 mm.

longi. Vezdlhum extus pilis vestitum calyce distincte loogius. Calyx extus pubescens,

in toto 10 mm. longus, dentibus lanceolatis 5 mm. longis tubo subaequilongis. Ovarium

pe flavidis vestitum. Legwmen ignotum.

| TRANSVAAL.—Barberton, mountain sides, Musidora, HL. #. Galpin No. 442. Differs

from R. nitens in the much longer and differently shaped leaflets.

Series 36.—Leaves petiolate, terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate, soley pubescent below:

Flowers pedicellate. Standard 18 mm. long. 3

51. R. Bakeri, Schinz in “ Bull. Herb. Boiss,’ Ser. IT (1908). 628.

Fruticose probably erect, branches pilose. Stipules not seen.” Leaves petiolate tritolio-

late, terminal leaflets rhomboideo-ovate or Me eerie coriaceous apex shortly

acuminate, about 6 cm. long and 5 cm. broad; , lateral leaflets unequalsided ; common

petiole 25 mm. long. Inflorescence racemose. C 'alye hirsute, the lowest segment being

longer than the rest. Standard glandular externally, about 18 mm. long and 12 mm. broad ;

wings about 3 mm. broad; carina 15 mm. long, blunt and somewhat longer than the

wings. Ovary and young pods densely hirsute,

136

TRANSVAAL. -Terminus of Selati Railway, Junod No. 1585. ]

A shrub with trifoliolate leaves and rhomboid-ovate leaflets. The calyx is glandular,

also the standard. |

Series 37. -Leaves viseidly harry and resin-dotted. small, oblong. bullate. Peduncles

short, 1-2-flowered.

52. R. bullata. Benth.. er Harvey and Sonder, 1.c. ii, 25

Hidrosia bullata. E. Mey., “ Comm.,” 89; R. wncinata, lede in Herb. Mus. Brit.

Shrubby erect, branched, viscidly hairy, and resin-dotted. Stipules ovate-acuminate.

longer than the petiole. Leaves trifoliolate, on very short petioles ; leaflets oblong, small,

bullate, with recurved margins; terminal leaflets 5-8 mm. long, 2-3-5 mm. broad.

Peduncles scarcely longer than the lezves, 1-2-flowered. Calyx glandular ; lobes scarcely

longer than the tube. Standard glabrous. 12-15 mm. long, with a longish claw; carina

equalling the vexillum. Pod 10-12 mm. long. oblong, compressed, sparsely pilose.

(CAPE.—(lanwillian Div.,. Wupperthal. Drege, Bolus No. 8990; Packhuis Berg, R.

Schlechter No. 8661.

A very distinct species, being an erect. viscidly hairy little shrub. The peduneles are

short and 1—2-flowered.

Series 38. Terminal leaflets elliptical. Racemes rather longly peduncled. Stems dis-

tinctly angled.

53. R. angulosa, Schinz in ` Bull. Herb. Boiss.,” Ser. 11 (1908), 628.

Rootstock woody, branches somewhat flexuous, angled, canopilose. Stpules lanceolate-

Leaves trifoliolate, very shortly petiolate ; terminal leaflets elliptical hairy on the back,

3-4-5 em. long, 10-20 mm. broad; lateral leaflets somewhat smaller; common petiole

canopilose 2-4 mm. Jong. Racemes axillary, longly peduncled, about as long as leaves

or slightly shorter. Calyx pilose with long hairs; iube 3 mm. long; the lowest : segment

is about 9 mm. long. and is longer than the upper segments. Standard glabrous, 13-15 mm.

long, 10 mm. broad : carina blunt; wings narrow. Pod 20-23 mm. long and about 7 mm.

broad.

TRANSVAAL.—Mountain sides, Barberton, EB. Galpin No. 1095, alt. 4500-5000 ft.;

Messina, near Barberton, Galpin No. 507.

This is a dwarf shrub with angular stems, trifoliolate very shordy petiolate leaves,

and a raceme of 3-8 orange-coloured flowers, the standard being streaked and reddish.

Series 39. Terminal leaflet obovate, base cuneate. Racemes longer than the leaves, many-

flowered.

54. R. Woodii, Schinz in * Bull. Herb. Boiss” (1894), 197, tab. in, figs. A-F.

Stem erect, cano-pubescent, longitudinally striate. Stipules lanceolate, subacuminate,

Leaves trifoliolate, subsessile or petiole very short, terminal leaflets obovate or oblong-

obovaie ; lateral leaflets unequalsided. Racemes longer than the leaves, many-flowered.

Peduncles canescent-tomentose. Flowers yellow, the standard being striate with brown

lines. Calyx hairy, segments lanceolate, two uppermost connate, 6-7 mm. long, distinctly

shorter than the petals. Standard obovate glabrous, 10-12 mm. long; wings spurred

unguiculate ; carina boat-shaped, apex obtuse, base unguiculite. Pod 18-20 mm. long,

glabrous, pointed, seeds black, reniform, 6 mm. log

NATAL.—Inanda. Wood No. 1884, Rehmann No. 8411, Wood No. 6627.

An easily recognized shrub with obovate terminal leaflets, racemes longer than the

leaves, and yellow flowers, the standard being striate with browa lines.

Series 40.—Leaves gs das or cinereous pubescent, Flowers 8-12 mm. long, n long

racemes longer than the leaves,

MT”

137

AD. R. albissima, Gandoger in “ Bull. Soc. Bot., France,” LX, 461, 1915.

BR. -memnonia, Harvey pro-parte; Wood, “ Natal Plants,” t. 349.

Caulis rigidus, cano-tomentosus, longitudinaliter striatus. Stipulae lanceolatae, caducae.

Folia trifoliolata petiolata, foliolis terminalibus rhonibeo-obovatis, 2-8 cm. longis, 2-2-5 em.

latis . petiolulis terminalibus 6-8 mm. longis, foliolis lateralibus inaequila teralibus, petiolo

communi saepissime, 15-20 mm. longis. Racemi axillares, folio longiores, multiflori. Flores

penduli, 8-12 mm. longi. Calyx canescenti-tomentosus, 6-7 mm. longus, segmentis acumi-

natis. Vezillum extus pilis vestitum. Carina vexillo subaequilonga. Lequmen canescenti-

tomentosum. 12-15 mm. longum.

TRANSVAAL.—Magaliesberg, Burke; near Aapies River, Schlechter No. 3619; Gezina,

near Pretoria, A. O. D. Mogg No. 10082 : above Aapies River, Rehmann No. 4374; Harte-

beestpoort, Miss Findlay No. 21.

ZULULAND.—Ntondweni, J. Wylie (Wood No. 9197); Umsundusi, Wood No. 3954.

Easily recognized by ihe whole plant being tomentose-canescent ; the stems are rigid,

the terminal leaflets rhombeo-obovate, the racemes longer than the leaves, many-flow ered. ;

the flowers are yellow.

‘This is not R. memnonia, D.C.

Between Lourenco Marques and oo Bolus No. T7151.

56. R. Pegleri, sp. nov.

Caulis strictus, virgatus, pubescens, longitudinaliter striatus. Stipulae angustae

lineari-lanceolatae. Folia trifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus rhombeo-ovatis, 18-22 mm.

longis et latis, punctatis foliolis lateralibus inaequilateralibus, petiolo pubescente, 14-25 mm.

longo suffulta. Racemz densi multiflori, pedunculi folio longiores. Flores 10-11 mm. longi.

Calyx in toto 9-10 mm. longus, pubescens, den‘ibus infimis, 7 mm. longis. Vezillum extus

pubescens, in toto 10 mm. longam. Carina apice obtusa. Ovarium pilis vestitum. Legqumen

ignotum.

Kentant.—Valleys, Miss Alice Pegler No. 156.

A plant allied in some respects to R. adenodes, from which it differs in its much thicker

virgate stem. The standard is hairy externally. The calyx tube is 3 mm. long, ae upper

teeth 6 mm. long, the lower 7 mm.

Series 41.—Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets narrow. Ee solitary on peduneles longer than

the leaves. : 3

57. R. pauciflora, Bolus in “Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc.,” XVI, 383 (1906).

Suffrutex with virgate stems. Stipules small. Leaves trifolholate, subsessile or shortly

petiolate ; leaflets rigid, narrow, either linear-oblong or linear, margins distinctly revolute ;

terminal leaflets 4-6 em. long, 3-5 mm. br oad, midrib below conspicuous. Pedwncles longer

than the leaves, bent just below the dower. Calyx lobes lanceolate, distinctly longer than

the corolla, total length of calyx 15-16 mm. Petals 10-12 mm. long; keel boat-shaped ;

standard glabrous. Ovary hairy. Pod 3-5-4 cm. long, apiculate. 3

SWAZILAND.—-Burtt-Davy No. 2825. Transvaat..—Spitskop, R. Pott No. 5062.

A virgate shrub with trifoliolate leaves and narrow rigid leaflets; the peduncles are

one-flowered and lorger than the leaves, and the calyx is longer than the corolla.

Series 42.- Leaves trifoliolate. Pedumeles longer than leaves. few-flowered. Stem rigid

or flexuous.

58. R. viscidula, Steud., “ Nom.,” ed. 2, Il, 254; Harvey, le. 252.

Comsma viscidulum, E. Mey., “Comm.,” 134.

Stem fruticulose, rigid or subvoluble. Stipules lanceolate or ovate or subrotund, below

glandulose-punctete, 8-11 mm. long, 10-18 mm. broad ; common petioles 10-22 mm, long;

138

lateral leaflets unegualsided. Racemes longly peduncled, few-flowered. Flowers 10-12 mm.

long; pedicels 3 mm. long. Calyx lobes ‘longer than tubes. . Carina. boat- shaped Die

about 11 mm. long. Pods sessile, oblong, viscoso-pubescent. :

a NAMAQAULAND. Penal cave shen W. Pearson; Ceres Division, ‘Kane Bookewele

R. Schlechter No. 8875. |

OE. Mever divides this species into —

(a) nemorale magis volulile, foliolis majoribus tenuioribus subcordatis piloso-

pubescentibus.

Lirrte NAMAGUALAND.—Kasparskloof, Drege. re

(b) campestrevix voluble, foliolis minutis firmioribus subortundis sutomentose-

pubescentibus.

LiTTLE NAMAQUALAND.—Between Koussie and Garip, Drege.

59. R. Sehlechteri, sp. nov.

Species ad R. viscidulam, Steud., valde accedens. Caulis flexuosus. Stipulae lanceolataes

acuminatae. Folia trifoliolata, petiolata, foliola terminalia ovata acuta, 12-15 mm. longa»

10-12 mm. lata, longiora quam lata, foliolis lateralibus ovato-lanceolatis, 10-16 mm. longis,

9-12 mm. latis, petiolulia terminalibus 5 mm. longis, petiolo communi 8-20 mm. longo suffulta.

Pedunculi 2-6-6+5 cm. longi, pauciflori. Flores lutei, 10-12 mm. longi. Calycis tubus

campanulatus, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis quam petala brevioribus. Veaillum glabrum.

Carina obtusa, 11 mm: longa.

NAMAQUALAND,—Between Spektakel and Komagoas, Bolus No. 6559; Breast

damm, Schlechter No. 1115. A glandular plant.

Differs entirely from the preceding in the shape of the leaflets; the lateral leaflets are

unequalsided, ovate, acute, 10-16 mm. long, 9-12 mm. broad.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

R. trichodes, Harvey, 1.c. 258 (Copisma trichodes, E. Mey., “Oomm.,” 134).

Stem Fprocumbent, flexuous, very hairy, with patent yellow hairs. Leaflets elliptio-

oblong, subacute, netted veined, yellow hairy on both sides, gland-dotted beneath, equalling

the petiole. Peduncles one-flowered, equalling the leaf. Legumes unripe, straightish, villous.

Capg.—Drége, no locality assigned.

The “ Index Kewensis” refers this species to R. Totta, D.C.

R. nitida, Harvey, l.c. (Copisma mtidum, E. Mey., “ Comm.,” 136).

Stem terete, a voluble, glabrescent. Leaves EA triangular, jie scarcely

unequalsided, glabrous, and shining on both sides, ciliate. Racemes “equalling the leaves,

few-flowered. Flowers suberect, pedicels equalling the pubescent, nearly glandless calyx.

Pod falcate, glabrescent, about three-seeded.

Capre.—Grassy hills near Omsameulo, Drége.

If the description is correct, this cannot be a species of BEE as the ovary in this

genus only has two ovules.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

R. Rehmanni, Schinz = Fagelia bituminosa, D.C.

R. ficrfolia, Benth. = Pueraria ficifolia, O.B.. Clarke,

re” =e

ae GENERA “ALOE AND. MESEMBRYAN-

THEME

AS REPRESENTED IN THUNBERG’S HERBARIUM.

By N. E. Brown.

ALOE.

TEE Kew Herbarium having acquired, through the courtesy of Professor HO: Juel,

Director of Upsala Botanic Garden, the loan of the type specimens of the genera Aloe and

Mesembr yanthemum collected in South Africa by Thunberg, I have had the opportunity

to carefully examine and compare them with the material at Kew, and have thought it

would be useful to future workers upon these genera to give an account of the aes

and my identifications of them. —

. During my long career at Kew I have on several previous occasions had fe privilege

of being able to examine Thunberg’s types of various orders and genera, and in all cases

have made notes of my comparisons upon the sheets in the Kew Herbarium. Im all the

genera that I have previously examined Thunberg’s material has usually been quite

satisfactory and often excellent, but in the genus Aloe this is unfortunately not the case,

for the specimens of most of the species consist of detached leaves and flower-stems, and

in some instances the leaves and flowers of what are supposed to represent one species

belong to two different species- or even different genera. This is so unlike the usual

excellence of Thunberg’s specimens that it must be attributed to the succulent nature and

often large size of the plants and the difficulty Thunberg must have had in properly making

good, dried specimens of them while travelling as he did at that date. It seems evident

that his specimens of detached leaves and flowers must have become mixed in the press,

and that he sometimes forgot which leaves belonged to the flowers; hence, the mixture.

As I have very rarely found a locality written upon the sheet containing the specimen,

Thunberg must have had some separate notes connecting the localities, as given in his

* Flora Capensis,” ed. Schultes, with the specimens.

From Professor Juel’s account of Thunbere’s Herbarium, it aul appear that

Thunberg brought his collection, or some part of it, to Europe mounted upon small sheets

of thin paper, and remounted them on larger sheets of thicker paper after his return to

Sweden. In doing this it is quite possible that some of the mixtures of species may have

been made.

In the account of them which ee the species have been arranged alphabetically

under the names that Thunberg used in his `` Flora Capensis,” ed. Schultes, for convenience

of reference ; and for the sake of brevity I have quoted this work throughout as Thunb.,

ee Cap.”

Pe ALOE, LINN.

A. arachnoides, Thunb., ‘“ Diss. Aloe,” p. 7 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 311.

The specimen consists of three tufts of leaves and three racemes a flowers ; all of

the latter, I believe, are detached, but have been inserted among the leaves, and only that

of the middle specimen can belong, as the other two flower-stems certainly belong, to a

140

different plant. The leaves belong to Haworthia arachnoidea, Duval, ` Pl. Suce. Hort.

Alenconia,” p. 7 (1809) ; H. arachnoides, Haw., `` Synop.,” p. 96 (1812) ; Aloe arachnoidea,

Miller, `` Gard. Dict.,” ed. 8, No. 17 (1768), as generally understood.

The locality given by Thunberg is Karroo near Zwartkops Zoutpan, in Uitenhage

Division.

A. dichotoma, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap..” p. 309.

The type specimen of this species consists of two short, longitudinal sections of the stem,

one showing the very smooth bark and the other the interior fibre, and one leaf. It

is the plant understood by this name, but the earliest publication of it is Aloe dichotoma,

Masson in `` Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.,” Lond. (1776), Vol. LX VI, Part I, p. 310, where the

following description is given : `` We found a new species of Aloe here (Masson and Thunberg

were then, on 2nd November, 1774, ascending the Bokkeveld Mountains), called by the

Dutch Koker Boom, of which the Hottentots make quivers to hold their arrows; it being

of a soft, fibrous consistence, which they can easily cut out, leaving only the bark, which is

hard and durable. These trees were about 12 feet high, with a straight, smooth trunk,

about 10 inches or a foot (in) diamater and 5 or 6 feet in length, which divided into two

branches, and those were again sub-divided into two more branches, which terminated in

a bunch of thick, succulent leaves surrounding the stem, spear-shaped, entire, without

spines, and hanging down like the leaves of Dracaena draco. We did not see it in flower,

but by the above characters took it for a new species, and called it Aloe dichotoma.” This

name is usually quoted as having been given by Linnaeus fil., ` Suppl..” p. 206, but that

work was not published until 1781. five years later than the publication of Masson’s

description. which is also a far better one than that of the younger Linné.

A. disticha, Thunb., `` Diss. Aloe,” p. 7 (1785), and ` Fl. Cap..” p. 311, not of Linnaeus.

There are two sheets bearing this name, numbered | and 2. Both contain very good

specimens of a new species of Gasteria, nearly allied to G. verrucosa, Haw., but differing

from that species by the leaves being little more than half as broad at the base, with more

parallel sides and more acute and somewhat spine-pointed at the apex, and with smaller

and more prominent white tubercles than those of G. verrucosa. The following is a

description of it :

Gasteria Thunbergii, \.K. br.

Leaves strictly two-ranked, 3-7 inches long, 6-8 lines broad just above the sheath,

and of nearly equal width to about 6-9 lines below the tip, where they taper sharply into

a fine spine-like point. The surface on both sides and the margins are very rough from

being thickly covered with small, white, very prominent. tubercles. The flower-stems —

are detached, but probably belong to the leaves; they are about 18 inches long, but were

evidently longer, and are unbranched, 23 lines thick. Flowers 7-9 lines apart. Bracts

3—4 lines long, reflexed, deltoid, acuminate, membranous. Pedicels 6-8 lines long, reflexed.

Perianth (above its articulation with the pedicel) 11 lines long, curved, inflated at the

lower part.

Thunberg does not give the locality of this species.

This is A. humilis, Miller. * Abr. Gard. Dict..” ed. 6, No. 10 (1771).

The specimen consists of a small tuft of leaves and two good flowering stems. . The

sheet is labelled on the back as being from a plant cultivated in the Botanic Garden at

Upsala. |

A. lingua, Thunb., ` Diss. Aloe,” p. 8 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 312.

This is A. plicatilis, Miller, ` Gard. Dict.,” ed. 8. No, 7 (1768); A. linguaeformis,

Linn, f., ` Suppl.,” p. 206 (1781), not of Miller. ;

The specimen consists of two leaves and two flowering stems. It was collected on

mountains at Roode Zand, near Tulbagh Waterfall.

A. lingua, Thunb., is wrongly quoted by Baker in the “ Fl. Cap.,” Vol. VI. p. 291

(although omitted from the index), as being partly Gasteria disticha, whilst A. linguaeformis,

ane f.,1s not quoted at all, no attention having been paid to Haworth’s correct statement

Phil. Mag.,” Nov. (1827), Vol. II, p. 353, that Thunberg’s plant was Rhipidodendrum

Re iin. Willd. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. Vol. Way. 165 (1811), which is a synonym

of Aloe plicatilis.

A. maculata, Thunb., “ Diss. Aloe,” p. 8 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 311.

There are two sheets of this marked a and $.

Sheet a contains portions of two leaves and a raceme of what I believe to be

Gasteria pulchra, Haw., “ Synop.,” p. 86 (1819).

Sheet 3 (which also has the name `` obliqua, Haw.,” written upon it in pencil) contains

the apical half of some large and broad-leaved species of Gasteria, totally different from

G. pulchra, which | cannot identify, and two inflorescences of some species of Aloe that

are indeterminable.

Thunberg states that A. maculata grows on the Outeniqua Mountains, and often

cultivated at Capetown, so that his specimens may have been partly obtained from both

places.

A. perfoliata, Thunb., `` Diss. Aloe,” p. 5 (1785), and ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 310.

There are three sheets bearing this name, marked a, 3, and 7.

Sheet a contains one leaf about 7 inches long and 2? inches broad, a tuft of four small

leaves about 21 inches long and 1 inch broad, and two single flowers. These fragments

may really belong to three different species ; it is not possible to name them with certainty.

Sheet @ contains part of a leaf and two inflorescences, which I believe to belong to

A. latifolia, Haw., “ Synop.,” p. 82 (1812).

Sheet 7 contains part of a leaf and a flower-spike of A. vera, Linn., “ Sp. Pl.” p. 320.

The locality given by Thunberg for A. perfoliata is the Karroo beyond Swellendam.

on the sides of mountains. Sheet 7, however, is labelled on the back as having been sent

from the West Indies by Forsstrém, where A. vera has been introduced from the Canaries.

A. picta, Thunb., “ Diss. Aloe,” p. 6 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 310.

This species is not represented by any specimen so named in Thunberg’s Herbarium.

He founded it upon A. perfoliata, vars. 7, 4, u, v, Linn., “Sp. PL,” ed. 1, p. 320.

A. pumala, Thunb., Diss. Aloe,” p. 7 (1785),-and ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 311.

There are two sheets so named, marked a and 2.

Sheet a contains a tuft of leaves of Haworthia fasciata, Haw., ` Suppl.,” p. 57 (1819).

on the left-hand side, and on the right-hand side a tuft of leaves of Haworthia granata,

Haw., ` suppl.,” p. 57 (1819). Hach of these tufts has a flower-stem placed among them,

but detached, which may or may not belong to the leaves; I am rather doubtful if thev are

properly placed.

Sheet ? contains two leaves and a paniculately branched flowering-stem of what

I believe to be Haworthia margaritifera, Haw., ` Suppl.,” p. 55 (1819), bus the material is

too poor to make the identification certain.

No locality is given for this species, but sheet a is labelled on the back as being from

plants cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden.

N.B.—Aloe pumila, Linn., “ Sp. PL.” ed. 1, p. 322, is likewise a mixture of two or

three species of Haworthia with white tubercles, so that it is probable that at that date

several species of this type were considered to be forms of one species.

149

A. retusa, Thunb., Diss. Aloe,” p. 10 (1785),..and Fi: Cap..7-p, 14.

The specimen of this consists of part of a plant. with two leaves and a flower- stem

attached, five detached leaves, and a detached inflorescence, which all belong to

Haworthia retusa, Duval, “ PI. Suce. Hort. Alenconio, ”p. 7 (1809), and Haw., “ Synop.,;’

p. 95 (1812); Aloe retusa, Linn., “ Sp. PL,” ed. 1, p. 822. No locality is mentioned by

Thunberg for this species, but the specimen is labelled on the back of the sheet as being

from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden.

A. sinuata, Thunb., “ Diss. Aloe,” p. 6 (1785), and “ EL. Cap.,” p. 311.

This name was founded by Thunberg aon the plant enumerated by Linnaeus in his

“Species Plantarum,” ed. 1, p. 320, and ed. 2, p. 458, as A. perfoliata, var. &, which 1 is

based upon * Aloe succotrina angustifolia spinosa, flore pu ‘purea,’ of Commelin, “ Horti

Medici Rariorum Plantarum,” Vol. 1, p. 94, t. 48 (1697). This plant of Commelin’s is

Aloe succotrina, Weston, ` Universal Botanist and Nurseryman,” Vol. I, p. 5 (1770), a book

that seems to ‘have been overlooked by all modern authors, yet it contains names that

antedate some that have been credited to Lamark, whose first volume of his “ Encyclopédie ”

was not published until 1783, or thirteen years later than Weston’s book.

No specimen exists in Thunberg’s Herbarium bearing the name A, sinuata, but there

is a sheet bearing the name A. succotrina in Thunberg’s handw riting, which Professor Juel,

in his ** Plantae Thunbergianae,” p. 119, seems to have considered to represent A. sinudta,

Thunb. This sheet, however, contains (a) part of a leaf of Aloe fruticosa,’ Lam.,

(b) part of a leaf of Aloe spicata, Thunb., and (c) part of a raceme of flowers of some species

of Aloe that is quite indeterminable, but most certainly: does not belong to either species

represented by leaves upon that sheet.

So that if A. senuata, Thunb., is considered to be founded upon A. perfoliata, var.-€

of Linnaeus, it must be placed as a synonym of A. succotrina, Weston. But if it is held

to be founded upon the sheet bearing the name A. succotrina in Thunberg’s Herbarium,

then the name A. simuata must disappear altogether.

In the synonymy that Thunbe ‘rg gives under A. sinuata, he quotes `` Aloe barbadensis

mitior, laete virens et splendens. Dill., ` Hort. Elth.,” p. 23, t. 19, f. 24.” The figure should

be 21, not 24. This figure represents one of the American species of Agave.

Although Aloe succotrina is not mentioned by Thunberg in = * Prodromus 7’. or

* Floras,’ yet in his `` Travels,” English translation, ed. 3, Vol. 1, p. 213, he mentions,

under the date of 14th December, 1772, when at a farm near Slange River Mi Oudtshoorn

Division, that ` Here we saw quickset hedges of Aloe succolrina.” What is this plant + Can

it be a species distinct from Aloe fruticosa ¢ ;

A. spicata, Linn. f., “ Suppl.,” p. 205 (1781); Thunb., * Fl. Cap.,” p. 309.

Thunberg’s specimen of this is the type of this species, and consists of portions of

two leaves and six detached flowers. The leaves are respectively 103 and 13? inches long,

and 14 and 16 lines wide at their basal ends, gradually tapering thenes inte a long and.

slender subulate point, which at 3 inches below the acute or bluntish tip is only 2 lines

broad. The part of the leaf on the sheet named A. succotrins above- mentioned (under

A. sinuata) is just 1 foot long and 14 lines broad at its basal end, and has just the same

long, subulate apex. The teeth on the margins are 6-8 lines apart and very small, being

not more than half a line long; the apical spine is also small. ‘The margin between the

spines is straight or very faintly concave. The flower-stem and pedicels are absent, but the

flowers may have been sessile. One flower has what appears to be a bract attached: to it,

which is 6 lines long and 5 vars, broad, and is broadly elliptic, obtuse, 3- nerved. The

perianth is campulate in shape, 7 lines long and 5 lines in diameter as “pressed, but is

probably of nearly the same dimaisiond when alive. The segments are nearly 3 lines

broad, ovate, oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved ; they all appear to be free to the base, and are not

ecurved at the apex. According to Thunberg they are white, with three green veins.

143

The stamens are exserted 3-4 lines beyond the tips of the perianth-segments, with stout,

purple filaments half a line broad, but, according to Thunberg, the filaments are yellowish

at the upper part and white at the base. He states that the flower is filled with a purple

fluid, which, in the process of drying the specimen, may have stained the filaments,

especially as I note that some of the perianth-segments are also tinted with purple. The

style protrudes 3-4 lines beyond the stamens.

Thunberg states that this very distinct and hitherto unknown plant grows “in the

interior regions, flowering in August’; and that it has a thick stem 3-4 feet high, bearing

a crown of spreading leaves 2 feet long, and a very dense Ng a foot long, of crowded

horizontally spreading flowers.

In the “ Gardeners’ Chronicle ” (1921), Vol. LXX, p. 6, I gave an account of the history

of Aloe spicata so far as known to me at the time, in which I detailed how I had vainly

tried to get a clue from his travels to the locality where Thunberg found this plant, which

still awaits rediscovery. There is nothing at all like it in the Kew Herbarium. I am

now inclined to think that Thunberg may have seen the plant in cultivation in some garden

at or near Capetown.

A. spiralis, Thunb., “Diss. Aloe,” p. 9 (1785). |

The sheet of this species in Thunberg’s Herbarium contains a tuft of leaves of what

I believe to be Apiera spiralis, Baker in “ Jour. Linn. Soc.,” Vol. XVIII, p. 217 (1880),

and a detached inflorescence of some species of Gasteria, which is quite indeterminable.

No locality is mentioned by Thunberg for this species, and the specimen is from a

plant cultivated in the Botanic Garden at Upsala.

1 do not know if Apiera spiralis, Baker, is identical with Apicra spiralis, Willd., in

* Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag.,” Vol. V, p. 273 (1811) ; itis a point that requires investigating.

A. variegata, Thunb., `` Diss. Aloe,” p. 9 (1785), and DIE dap. p. s12.

This is A. variegata, Linn., “ Sp. Pl,” ed. 1, p. 327.

Thunberg’s specimen eonsists of two leaves, with the variegation upon them well

preserved, and a single flower. 'Thunberg does not mention a locality for it, and no

information is given on the back of the sheet.

A. viscosa, Thunb., “ Diss. Aloe,” p. 9 (1785), and “Fl. Cap.,” p. 312.

` Thunberg’s sheet of this species contains three flowering specimens. The central

specimen, which I have marked (A) on the sheet, is larger than the others, and is Haworthia

viscosa, Haw., ` Synop.,” p. 90 (1812). The lateral specimens, marked (B), may belong

to a variety of Haworthia viscosa, Haw., or are possibly a distinct species allied to it.

I have not seen any plant alive that is quite like them, so that living plants are required

for their proper identification.

From the above account it will be seen that Thunberg’s collection of the genus Aloe

is rather a poor one in comparison with other genera in his Herbarium, as it contains little

of interest except the type specimens of Aloe spicata, A. dichotoma, and the new species

of Gasteria described above.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.

Thunberg's collection of this genus is a very interesting one and consists of 109 sheets

of specimens, many of which are excellent,although often small, some, are scrappy, and,

as in the genus Aloe, in some instances there is a mixture of species either upon the same

sheet or upon different sheets bearing the same name.

When Sonder was preparing his monograph of this genus for the ` Flora Capensis,”

he had Thunberg’s specimens to work with, but, upon examining them, I find that he has

dealt with them in a most imperfect and ‘insatisfactory manner. In some cases he has

wrongly identified Thunberg’s plant with specimens collected by Zeyher in a totally

141

different region, and described from Zeyher's plant. so that occasionally Thunberg’s species

is not described in the `` Flora Capensis ” at all. Added to this, Sonder has accepted

the nomenclature -of Salm Dyck’s fine work on this genus as unimpeachable, whereas it

is often entirely wrong, and therefore as the original descriptions of Thunberg and of

Haworth are often entirely ignored and those of Salm Dyck, belonging to quite a different

plant, substituted, mach confusion of nomenclature has been made and the descriptions

in the `` Flora Capensis ' are often quite untrustworthy. And as these errors have not

been corrected by Berger in his monograph of the genus, since that work was chiefly compiled

from the works of Salm Dyck and Sonder, there is really needed at the present time a

carefully worked-out monograph of this very remarkable and highly interesting group

of plants. This, as | have already stated in the `` Journal of the Linnean Society of

Botany,’ Vol. XLV, pp. 54-55, can only be properly and fully accomplished by

comparison with and study of the unique collection of original drawings of a large number

of Haworth’s types preserved at Kew.

In the process of comparison and identification of Thunberg’s types with specimens

in the Kew Herbarium, where Thunberg has mixed two or more species under one name,

it has become necessary to take as being the plant he intended to bear the name that

specimen which most accurately agrees with his description. As an example of this kind,

M. articulatum, Thunb., may be cited. This name, as represented by his specimens,

includes three distinct species, all very similar in general appearance, and upon a superficial

examination they might easily be supposed to be one species, so that his description sy

apply fairly well to all of them. with the exception of the words `` punctate-scabrid ” a

applied to the stem and calyx. As these words only apply to one of the specimens, idee

of the others having this character, that particular specimen must be accepted as the type

of M. articulatum, Thunb.

In the account of Thunberg’s specimens which follows, the names are arranged in

alphabetical order as they appear upon his sheets; and to the headline I have only given

the reference to the well-known edition by Schultes of Thunberg’s `` Flora Capensis,”’

published in 1823, other references being given under the determination of the specimens,

except in those cases where Linnaeus or Linnaeus fil. is the author, as these, of course,

take precedence over the names of Thunberg, Aiton, or Haworth. Thunberg gives no

authority for the name on the sheets.

For the localities mentioned by Thunberg, | have used the modern form of spelling,

Many of his more interesting species were collected in the Van Rhynsdorp and Calvinia

Divisions, in the Karroo between the Olifants River and the ‘Bokkeveld Mountains, and

on or near Hantam Mountains.

The following is an explanatory list of the abbreviations used for the books quoted :—

SR eN ERM RE EE ae we N oe W. Aiton, `` Hortus Kewensis,”` ed. 1, Vol. LJ (1789)

TT DO yd N NG ORN A. Berger. `` Mesembryanthemem and Portuiacaceeen ”

(1908).

IE Vd AR eae of ACs Od EE * Botanical Magazine.”

D..C., “Plant Grass”....................... A. P. de Candolle, “ Histoire des Plantes Gas ad

(1799-1829).

SS RE EE ie oe (. F. Ecklon & K. Zeyher, ` Enumeratie Plantarum

Africae Australis Extratropicae ” (1834-37).

RM EO Ae N A. H. Haworth, ** Miscellanea Naturalia ` (1803).

OE a were weer dc AA A. H. Haworth, “Observations on the _ genus

Mesembryanthemum,” Part IT (1795).

N.B.—-Part | was published in 1794, but does

not contain any descriptions of species, only.

introductory matter.

IN Cr RE N n'a SP A. H. Haworth, ‘“ Revisiones Plantarum Succulen-

tarum ” (1821).

EE GR EO ee eee GR ER A. H. Haworth, `Supplementarum Plantarum

Succulentarum ` (1819).

TR ee PR a er .. A, H. Haworth, “ Synopsis Plantarum Succulentarum ”

(1812).

—

142

EER ide OS US EE RE M. Houttuyn, “ Handleiding tot de Plant- en Kruid-

' kunde,” Vol. IX (1778).

Ela Nat EES iS. RE N es ee Wes M. Houttuyn, “ Natuurlyke Historie of uitvoerige

Beschryving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen,”

Deel IT (1773-83).

ME Hart Sehoenkr N. ESE cscs ws N. J. Jacquin, “ Plantarum rariorum Horti Caesarei

; : Schoenbrunnensis ” (1797-1804).

ERG Elouts. Vind LE re DE ork emcee N. J. Jacquin, ““ Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis ”

; ’ . (1770-76).

am, BReyC.” ser ke Pere Neer Rte EE Chevalier Lamarck, “ Encyclopédie Methodigue,”

Vol. I-IV (1783-97).

MERE SS RSE EE ea C. Linnaeus, “‘ Species Plantarum,” ed. | (1753).

Te De SUTIN EE EE EE EN C. von Linne, “* Supplementarum Plantarum Systematis

Vegetabilium (editionis decimae tertiae), Generum

Plantarum (editionis sextae), et Specierum

Plantarum (editionis secundae) ” (1781).

' Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.”’....... Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae

Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum ex-

hibentia Ephemerides,” Vol. VIII. Appendix

(1791).

N.B.—Twenty-one species of Mesembrian-

themum are described in this rare book.

PEMD eke NECSPIID. oes sia ue wlan wee eo see . Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, “‘ Monographia generum

Aloes et Mesembryantliemi”’ (1836-63).

EE RIGE AE 5 Se aces a Ye, gis tet Wied ou CO. W. Sonder in Harvey & Sonder, “* Flora Capensis,”’

Vol. IT (1861-62).

Pronb. Bio Cap.” : 2... Er AE ELE AE C. P. Thunberg, “Flora Capensis,’ ed. Schultes

(1823).

#Hanl.. Mus. Nat. Acad: Upsal.” .. es es C. P. Thunberg, “Museum Naturalium Academiae

Upsaliensis,” Auctum, Part II (1827). .

Sad Fed a a RR ES PS oe Ee Eg ('. P. Thunberg, “ Prodromus Plantarum Capensium,”’

' Part IT (1800).

Mile Baar. Hort: Berol.” .. 3. ES Ee RE C. L. Willdenow, ` Enumeratio Plantarum Horti

Regii Botanici Berolinensis”’ (1809): Supple-

mentum (1813).

MEER Hi Berol 5585. ETES EG Seen de (. L. Willdenow, `* Hortus Berolinensis ` (1803-16).

MAER op Pi ETE es Ee a iS ie C. L. Willdenow, ‘Species Plantarum,” Vol. II

(1799).

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, L.

M. acinaciforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 422.

This name appears in both Thunbere’s `` Prodromus” and his ` Flora,” but no

specimen exists in his Herbarium representing that name as used by him. There is,

however, a specimen named * M. forficatum”’ by Thunberg, which is the true M. acinaciforme,

Linn., and that name is also written upon the sheet as `` acinaciforme, Mus.”

M. albidum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 423.

The specimen consists of two well-preserved flowering branches of JM. albidum,. L.

The locality of this species is not mentioned.

M. angulatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 426.

_ There are three sheets of this, marked a, 3, and 7. They all belong to the same species,

Viz. — 3 |

i tors daed. Hort. Vind,” Vol. Wil, p. 8, &. 7 (776).

M. angulatum, Thunb., “ Prodr.,” p. 91 (1800).

M. crystallophames, Kick]. & Zeyher, “Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr.,,”” p. 322 (1836), and

Salm Dyck, “ Mesemb.,” § 60, fig. 2.

Thunberg collected this near the Sundays River in Uitenhage Division, and his

specimens are identical with those of MacOwan, `` Herb. Austr. Afr.” (1873) from near

Grahamstown. It is somewhat remarkable that this very distinct plant has not previously

been identified with Jacquin’s excellent figure.

146

Thunberg describes the branches as opposite, and they are so on the lower part of the.

specimen on sheet a, but on the upper part of that specimen, and on that on sheet (. they

are alternate, just as they are on MacOwan (1873). ae

Sonder in `` Fl. Cap.” Vol. II, p. 454, quotes the specimen on sheet 7 as being .

OM. angulatum, var. gracile.” but it is merely a small lateral branch 2 inches long, broken |

from a larger specimen, and very possibly from one of those on sheet a or B. The |

Bethelsdorp specimen which Sonder also quotes for his variety gracile, and from which he

doubtless described, is probably a different plant. Jacquin raised MM. Aitonis from seeds

sent to him by Aiton, so that in all probability they were collected and sent to Aiton by

Masson. who ac companied Thunberg on his journeys. |

M. apetalum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 417.

This is represented in Thunberg’s Herbarium by a scrap about 3 inches long, being

evidently a short branch from an ne But it IS undoubtedly :

M. rd Linn. f.,.” Suppky p. gos (ist ae, od Jacq., - Hort Vil

Vol DIT p. 7, t. 6 (1776), Hot oi eee US.

M. hy was described from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden, doubtless:

raised from seeds supplied by Thunberg. As no specimen exists in the Herbarium of |

the younger Linné, that in Thunberg’s ‘Herbarium must be accepted as the type of the.

species. It quite agrees with the desc ‘ription of Linnaeus fil., but | cannot mateh it with:

any specimen at Kew. It and J/. papulosum, Linn. fil., are evidently allied species, and.

require to be searched for and made better known. To this end I here give a translation:

of the description of M. apetalum, Linn. fil.. with details concerning Thunberg’s specimen

included.

The plant is an annual. Stems or branches 1-2 inches long, prostrate, terete, reddish,

covered with glittering papillae, as is the whole plant. The branch of Thunberg’s specimen

including leaves, is 3 inches long and ? line thick, and glabrous; the papillae have all

shrunk and disappeared from the whole of the specimen except on one pedicel, where they

are very evident and rather large, but, under a strong lens, in one or two places evidence

that the leaves were also papillate can just be traced. Leaves opposite, about 14-2 inches

long and 12 lines broad, linear, or, according to Linnaeus fil., slightly lanceolate, obtuse,

succulent, ee lled above, convex and somewhat roughly papillate beneath, glabrous.

Pedicels 3-1 inch long, 1-flowered. As pressed, the flower has the calyx-lobes and petals

infolded ae the top of the ovary, and is about 34-4 lines in diameter. Calyx-lobes

unequal,: with subulate-cylindric tips. Petals 24, distant, very short, setaceous, white,

resembling filaments without anthers, Incumbent upon the top of the ovary. Stamens

with filaments like the petals, but shorter; anthers fuscous. Ovary large, convex and

smooth above. Stigmas 5, about 1} line long. erect in a column. with recurved tips.

This is evidently a remarkable and very interesting species, although with insignificant

flowers. Any reader who may discover it would confer a favour if he or she would kindly

send seeds of the plant to me, addressed to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, or through

Dr. Pole Evans or Mrs. Bolus.

Jacquin’s figure of M. copticum seems so exactly. to represent the plant of which

'Thunberg's specimen is only a single branch that I think there can be no doubt of their

identity. Linnaeus fil. seems to have described the petals from flowers thet had passed

into the young fruiting stage, and become rolled up and `` setaceous ` and bent down upon

the top of the ovary. .

M. copticum of Linnaeus is a totally different plant and identical with ye con hispanicum,

Linn.

;

)

M. articulatum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap..” p. 415.

There are two sheets bearing this name, marked 1 and 2, which contain three distinct

species, all very similar in general appearance, and Thunberg s description will apply to a

all of them, with the exception of the words `* punctato-scabri ” and “ punctato-scabridum ” ee

147

as applied to the stem and calyx. Thes> words I interpret to mean, rough from being

covered with raised points. The only specimen having this character is on the left- hand

side of sheet 2; it seems to have been turned over when remounted, therefore the surface-

structure is obscured by the adhesive matter upon it, so that the minute acute points or

minute conical hairs can only be clearly seen on a few parts of the specimen, which has

alternate branches, all directed to one side of the stem. ao branch ends in an oblique

compound cyme composed of 3-6 branchlets bearing 1-3 flowers, and these branchlets

are also directed to one side. The specimen seems to ‘be from a growing plant just coming

into flower; with apparently linear, half-terete, or perhaps channelled, acute leaves

21—5 lines long.

The right-hand specimen on this same sheet has its branches placed at nght-angles

to each other, and they and the calyx were smooth when alive. But this smoothness is

obseured on the dried specimen by minute, whitish blisters in places, caused by some

secretion of lime or salt. The calyx seems also to be different in form from that of the

right-hand scabrid specimen.

Sheet 1 contains two specimens, both alike, which differ from the specimens on

sheet 2, by having the stems and calyx covered with blunt papillae (not points), which

Thunberg in other cases of the same structure describes as “ papilosis.” The branches

also differ from those of the scabrid plant in being placed at right-angles to each other.

Therefore, as Thunberg’s description of M. articulatum does not fully apply to any other

than the left-hand specimen on sheet 2 bearing that name in his Herbarium, and especially

as it well agrees with that specimen in the most important character he mentions, that

specimen must be taken as being the type of that species, and its synonymy will be —

M. articulatum, Thunb., in “Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem..” Vol. VIII,

append:, p. 10 (1791), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 415.

:M.-secundum, Thunb., “ Mus. Nat. Acad. Upsal.,” Part II, p. 12, name only (1827).

This specimen of M. articulatum seems to me to be the same plant as M. secundum,

Thunb., which shows the scabrid character much more clearly. And I consider both

to be the same species as Burke No. 468, from Dikkop Flats near the Fish River, in Albany

Division, and Burke and Zevher No. 705, which is probably from the same region. As.

Thunberg collected near the Fish River on the Uitenhage side of it, he may have. obtained

his specimen from that region. But the localities he gives for M. articulatum are ` the

Karroo near the Olifants EE towards the Bol er Mountains, in Zwartland, and

elsewhere.” As none of his specimens have the locality attached to them, it is impossible

to assign the particular locality to any of them.

The other two species under `` M. articulatum”’ 1 am unable to identify, and consider

it inadvisable to describe them from those specimens.

At the original place of publication four varieties are enumerated, and var. 0 1s

described as ` major procumbens ” instead of `` minor procumbens ” as given in Thunberg’s

“ FL Cap.,” ed. Schultes.

Sonder in ` Fl. Cap.,” Vol. IL, pp. 434 and 435, quotes M. articulatum, Thunb., as a

synonym partly of M. junceum, Haw., and partly of M. granuhcaue, Haw. These

determinations are utterly wrong, for ‘neither of Thunberg’s specimens is like either

M. junceum or granulicaule of Haworth, both of which have been completely misunderstood

and wrongly described by Sonder, both being much more slender species than the plants

mistaken for them by Sonder, and by Berger, who has mainly copied from Sonder and

other works.

It may not be out of place to call attention to the fact that in consequence of Haworth’s

M. junceum being completely misunderstood, and because many of the species belonging

to this group are very similar in appearance, at least half a dozen different species are to

be found in Herbaria named JM. junceum, not one of them, so far as I have seen, being

correct.

14s

M. aureum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 425.

The type consists of one small specimen, collected on the Karroo, between the Olifants

River and the Bokkeveld Mountains. As it is not the M. aureum of Linnaeus, Sonder

renamed it :—-

M. auratum, Sooder in ` Fl. Cap.,” Vol. I], p. 449.

M. aureum, Thuab. in ` Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.., ” Vol. VIEL Append.,

16 (1791), not of ee

It is evidently an erect shrub, with straight stems or main branches 1-14 line thick,

swollen at the nodes, with short. opposite, nearly erect or very ascending branchlets, that

are densely papillate and of a pale biscuit colour as described by Sonder, but the main

stem has a smooth, greyish-brown bark. Leaves opposite. 3—5 lines long and 1 line thick,

obtuse or subacute, apparently subterete, channelled down the face and seemingly papillate;

glabrous. Flowers solitary or 2-3 in a cyme at the ends of the branchlets. Pedicels

1-14 line long, papillate. Calyx papillate : tube (ovary) obconic, about 5 lines in diameter

in young fruit ; lobes about 3 lines long, broadly ovate, with a blunt dorsal point below

the apex of the membranous margin. Petals wanting on the specimen, but described

by Thunberg as linear and yellow. He also states that the stigmas are 5, subulate, acute,

and erect.

| have given the above description of Thunberg’s type specimen because Sonder has

evidently confused it with another species collected by Zeyher, from which he has partly

described, since he gives as a character, ` radiments of old remaining leaves very spinous,”

which is not at all the case on Thunberg’s specimen.

M. barbatum, 'Thunb.. `` Prodr.,” p. 89, and ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 418.

One sheet containing three branches of—

M. barbatum, Linn., and of `` Bot. Mag.,” t. 70.

M. stelligerum, Haw.. “ Synop.,” p. 278 (1812), and `` Rev.,” p. 190; Sond. in

FL. Cap,” Vol. H, p. 447 ; excluding synonyms, not M. stelligerum, Haw. in `* Phil. Mag.,”

(1824), Vol. LXIV, p. 61.

The modern monographers of this genus, Sonder and Berger, do not seem to have

noted that Haworth, finding he had misunderstood the plant to which Linnaeus gave the

name M. barbatum and had originally described that plant under the name of M. stellagerum,

and another species under the name of M. barbatum, has corrected that error in the

` Philosophical Magazine ~ (July, 1824), p. 61, where he transposes the two names, so

that the correct svnonymy for M. barbatum, Linn. is as given above, and for M. stelligerum

as follows :

M. stelligerum, Haw., in * Phil. Mag.” (1824), Vol. LXIV, p. 61, not of Haw.,

“Synop.,” p. 278.

M. barbatum, Haw., ~ Synop.,” p. 277; Sonder in ` Fl. Cap.,” Vol. I, p. 446,

excluding synonyms; not of Linnaeus nor of Berger.

The M. barbatum, Berger, `` Mesemb.,” p. 80, on account of its having acute papillae

is certainly neither J. acy Linn., nor M. stelligerum, Haw., both of which have

blunt papillae. It is possibly M. intonsum, Haw. I do not know what M. stelligerum,

Berger, `` Mesemb.,” p. 8 Be be, but from the more numerous bristles described as

present at the apex of is leaf, it is probably distinct from both JM. barbatum and

M. stelligerum, and is possibly a garden hybrid.

Thunberg states that M. barbalum grows upon Paardeberg, at Ere and elsewhere.

But doubtless he confused two or more species in his mind, from. seeing similar species in

different localities.

M. bellidiflorum, Thunb., `` Fl. Cap.,” p. 418.

This seems to be represented by a sheet bearing the name ~ M. bellidifolium (2),”

containing a single flower with two bracts at the base of its pedicel. It is quite

indeterminable. No locality is mentioned for it.

149

M. bicolorum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

This is represented by a sheet labelled `` M. bicolor,” containing three short flow ering

branchlets from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden, which seem to belong rather

to M. coccinewm, Haw., than to M. bicolorum, Linn.

M. bracteatum.

There are three sheets bearing this name, one of which has been named by Sonder.

the others are respectively marked a and f~. Sheet a contains four pieces of a plant

cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden, the others were collected in South Africa. This

species is not enumerated in Thunberg’s `` Flora (apensis.”

Sheets a and { contain specimens of—-

M. mutabile, Haw., “ Obs.,” p. 377 (1795).

The other sheet is correctly named, by Sonder—

M. bracteatum, Ait., “ Hort. Kew.,” ed. 1, Vol. II, p. 185.

M. calamiforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 417.

One small specimen, which is JZ. en Linn. Thunberg does not mention a

locality for it. ;

M. capillare, Thunb.. ` FI. Cap., DAL.

There are two sheets bearing this name, marked a and $, and the specimens on each

sheet are separately described by Thunberg as forms a and 2 of M. capuillare.

Sheet a contains two specimens, which have been marked by Sonder “a” and * 6.”

The right-hand specimen, marked `` 7” quite agrees with Thunberg’s diagnosis of

M. capillare and his description a. This plant is not M. capillare, Linn. f., but is—

M. brevifolium, Ait., ‘‘ Hort. Kew..” ed 1, Vol. IT; p. 188 (1789), and of Haw., “Obs.,”

p. 274 (1795), but not of Haworth’s later works nor of other authors.*

M. capillare, Thunb. in “ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.:

p. 13 (1791), and * Fl. Cap.,” p. 419, as to description a, which is the only description

given at the original place of publication, description 3 being absent from that work;

not of Linnaeus fil.

M. subglobosum, Haw., `` Misc.,” p. 62 (1803). :

The specimen is a branch or portion of an erect glabrous shrublet, with the main stem

about 1 line thick, and the branchlets about 4 line thick, distinctly papillate. Leaves

opposite, about 14-14 line long and 1 line dk somewhat subglobose or very. shortly

* 1 here wish to point out that N. brevifolium of Salm Dyck, of Sonder, and of Renee is a totally

different plant from the M. brevifolium, Ait., differing from it by having longer leaves, “which are not

terete or subglobose, but flat above and keeled beneath, and has very different flowers. Its correct

synonymy is—

M. erigeriflorum, jacq., ““ Hort. Schoenbr.,” Vol. IV, p. 39, t. 477 (1804).

M. latleriflorwm, D..C., Plant. Grass.,” t. 164 (1828).

M. brevifolium, Salm Dyck, “* Mesemb.,” § 50, f. 4 (after 1836) ; Sonder, * Fl. Cap.,” Vol. H, p. 342;

and Berger, `` Mesemb.,” p. 95, not of Aiton. nor of Haworth.

ds te is only one example out of many of the confusion that has been made by later authors accepting

as correct the names given hy Salm Dyck, apparently without the slightest investigation. =

In Haworth’s time there were evidently two plants in cultivation under the name of M. brevifolium,

neither of them being the same as M. erigeriflorum. In 1795. Haworth considered them to be forms

of one species, but afterwards separated them.

One of them, as described by Haworth (“ Obs.,” p. 276). had leaves which * rarely measure a quarter

of an inch,” and were covered with rounded (not acutely pointed) papillae, or, as Haworth states, the

papillae “were by no means pubescent.” This plant was the true M. brevifolium, Ait. The other

Haworth describes at first as M. brevifoliwm var. longum, and states that it has leaves up to 1 inch long,

with “ pubescent papulae which point downwards and looked in a microscope like minute hooks of glass

or ice.” This plant is quite unknown to me. In his ` Synopsis”’ and later works Haworth retains this

plant alone under the name M. brevifolium, and places the true M. brevifolium, Ait., as a synonym of

M. subglobosum, Haw. But Aiton’s name, being the older, must be retained,

150

ellipsoid, papillate, but apparently with smaller papillae than those on the stem. Flowers |

solitary at the ends of the short branchlets. Pedicel 24-3 lines long, slender. Calyx

5-lobed, papillate ; tube (o vary) with a very distinct EE under the base. of the

lobes and thereabout 1 line in diameter, and there is also a shght constriction at its base,

where it joins the pedicel ; lobes unequal, 4-1 line long, broadly ovate, obtuse. The other

parts of the flower do not admit of examination, and the petals are destroyed. There

are some better specimens of this plant at the British Museum, collected by Masson, who

travelled with Thunberg. These have leaves 1—2 lines long, varying from subglobose to.

cylindric. The pedicels vary from 1-6 lines long. and the corolla appears to be about

9-10 lines in diameter, with petals about 4 lines long. The constrictions on the calyx-tube

are not so distinct as on Thunberg’s specimen. Es

Thunberg describes the flowers as minute and red. His specimen gaite agrees with

an original drawing of the typical M. brevifoliwm, Ait., at Kew. The péculiar constriction

of the “calyx -tube is a very marked feature of both Thunherg’ s specimen and the drawing

of the type plant. in which the corolla is represented as being & lines in diameter, with

apparently 25-30 acute purple petals. |

M. brevifolium, Ait., and M. sessile, Thunb., are evidently alhed species, although one

is papillate and the other smooth. in

The left-hand specimen, marked “a. resembles M. brevifoliwn, but the: branches

spread more widely, the leaves are up to 4 lines long, and cylindric and covered with rounded

papillae, and the pedicels & or oe lines long. The calyx-tube below the lobes is also

shorter, and the petals are only 2 lines long. It is doubtless the plant alluded to by.

Thunberg at the end of his description `` a,” by the words ` Alva est hujus varietas : foltis

magis teretibus, subpapulosis ~ (another, with more terete subpapulose leaves, is a variety

of this’). Lam not able to identify this specimen with any at Kew, nor is there any like

it among those collected by Masson at the British Museum. It is quite distinct from

M. erigeriflorum, having terete (not trigonous) leaves. More ample material is needed to

determine whether it is a variety of M. brerifolium or a distinct species.

Thunberg collected these two specimens on hills near the Olifants River, towards

‘the north, in Van Rhynsdorp Division.

Sheet 7 contains two specimens of a plant stated by Thunberg. under description §,

to grow near the Gamtoos River, in the Humansdorp Division. It is totally different

from the specimens on sheet a, and is an exceedingly distinct species. differing from every

other in the genus by its very slender filiform branchlets.

This plant is

M. capillare, Linn. f., ` Suppl.,” p. 260 (1781); Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 419, as to

description # only. (This description, nor any corresponding to it, does not occur under

Thunberg’s original description cited above under M. brerifolinm.)

An irregularly much-branched shrublet, with very slender, woody branches and

branchlets, the ultimate of which are filiform and scarcely a quarter of a line thick,

thickened at the nodes in a somewhat bead-like manner, of a dark reddish-brown or

chocolate colour (possibly purple when alive), smooth and shining on the older parts, but

marked with mimute white dots on the younger parts, the dots being minute dried-up

papillae. The leaves have mostly fallen: those that remain are 1-2 lines long and less

than half a line thick, and. according to Thunberg, slightly flattened above, obtuse,

papillate. Pedicels solitary. 3-6 lines long. The specimen is not in flower, and the few

capsules upon it are damaged. but appear to be very shortly and broadly obconic, about

2 lines in diameter. 'Thunberg describes the flowers as being `` minute, reddish, with

reflexed sepals.”

I do not match this plant with any specimen in the Kew Herbarium. The swollen

nodes (resembling tiny oval beads) of its remarkably slender, brown branchlets distinguish

it at once from all other species,

I find that there is no specimen of this plant in the Herbarium of Linnaeus fil. at the

Linnean Society, so that, as in so many other cases, he undoubtedly described from

Thunberg’s specimens, which must be regarded as the type.

M. ciliatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.” p. 416.

One sheet of good specimens.

This plant has hitherto been included m the genus Mesembryanthemum, but its

appearance is so distinctive that I expected it would differ in floral structure from that

genus, and upon dissection I found this to be the case ; for besides the very remarkable

character of the ring of deflexed hairs at the base of the leaf-sheaths, I find the petals are

- united into a short tube at their base, the ovary is nearly superior, and the capsule of

quite a different type from that of Mesembryanthemum. | therefore propose to found the

genus TRICHOCYCLUS for its reception and that of two allied species, which will be described

at the end of this account of endie species.

TRICHOCYCLUS, N.E.BR.

Dwarf bushy plants with erect succulent ME Leaves opposite, united below

into a short sheath, which is ciliate all around its-very base with deflexed hairs, persistent.

Calyx 5-lobed. Petals numerous, .inited into a short tube at the base.’ Stamens numerous,

perigynous. Ovary nearly superior, with only a short basal portion immersed in the calyx-

tube, 5 (—6?) -celled; stigmas 5 (-6?7). subulate; ovules, few in each cell. Capsule

5 (—6 7) -valved: valves sub-erect when open, wingless, and without expanding keels,

but with a pair of erect, free, ovate, obtuse processes arising from their base within that

close over the seeds and somewhat resemble valves of an inner capsule ; they are probably

the homologues of the cell-wings of the capsule of Mesembryanthemum. Seeds few in each

cell, compressed. The name is derived from the Greek Thrix, a hair. and Kyklos, a circle.

in allusion to the circle of deplexed hairs at the base of the leaf-sheaths.

T. cmatus, N.E.Br-Mesembryanthemum ciliatum, Ait. ` Hort. Kew.” ed. 1.

Wart p. 179 (4789) ; Thunb. im Nov. Act.” Acad. Beop -Car. Kphem.,”’ Vol. VIII,

Append., p. dt eb751).

Collected between the Olifants River and Hekel ie si in the Van Rhynsdorp

Division.

This plant is identical with Pearson No. 3941, from south-west of Bitterfontein, in

the same region. j

M. corallinum, Thunb., “ Fl. (ap.,” p. 416.

One specimen in a Howerless Ee The original reference is—

M. corallinum, Thunb. in * Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Car. HEphem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.,

# 12 (791).

A shrublet. hard and woody except at the young parts, much-branched, and apparently

stout at the basal part, the lower part of Thunbereg’s type being 4 lines thick, the branches

much less stout, and the branchlets rather less than 1 line thick. constricted at the nodes

into short joints 2-3 lines long, glabrous, evidently smooth when alive. Leaves 2-3 lines

long and about ? line broad and as much in thickness. subterete, slightly flattened above.

obtuse or subacute, incurved- -spreading, glabrous. According to Thunberg. the flowers are

solitary and terminal at the apex of the branchlets, sessile. Calyx 5-lobed, green: lobes

terete erect. Petals many, linear, spreading, white.

Thanberg states that this grows on dry hills near the Olifants River, towards the north,

and in the Karroo below the Bokkeveld, and elsewhere.

1 have not been able to match this with any specimen in the Kew Herbarium. but

there is a larger specimen of it in the British Museum, collected by Masson w hen travelling

with Thunberg.

152

M. cordifolium, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap..” p. 417.

One sheet of this isa collected in a » wood near Leekoe River, in the Humansdorp ss

Division. It is— . 5 |

M. cordifolium. Linn. f.. °* Suppl.,” p. 260 (1781), and is identical with Zeyher No. 2621,

M. crassifolium. Thunb., ` Fi. Cap.,” p. 421.

There is one sheet of this containing two specimens, for which Thunberg gives the

locality : hills in Zwartland, Malmesbury Division. These specimens belong to— +g

M. filicaule, Haw., ` * Mise.. Dee ae, .

M. crassifolium, Thanb., ` Prodr., 90 (1800), not of Linnaeus.

Thunberg’s specimens are identical with MacOwan, `` Herb. Aust.-Afr.” (1731), from

the foot of Devil’s Peak.

but that is a very different species. with larger, prominently dotted (not smooth) leaves and

much larger yellow or white (not rosy) flowers.

M. debile, Haw., also placed by Sonder as a synonym of M. reptans, Ait., is likewise

totally distinct from the latter, and 1 believe it to be the plant distributed by Schlechter

under No. 9241 as M. filicaule (which it certainly is not) from French Hoek.

M. criniflorum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap..” p. 411.

One sheet containing four good specimens, collected on sandhills near Capetown.

These specimens agree with those of MacOwan. “ Herb. Austr.-Afr.” (1745), from near

Sea Point. Their correct synonymy is

M. criniflorum, Linn. f., `` Suppl..” p. 259 (1781); Thunb., ` Prodr.,” p. 88 (1800).

M. limpidum, Ait., ` Hort. Kew.,” ed. 1. Vol. IT, p. 182 (1789).

M. spathulatum, Willd., ` Sp. Pl.” Vol. IL. p. 1025 (1799), not of Thunberg.

M. tricolor, Willd., ` Hort. Berol.,” Vol. 1. p. 22, t. 22 (1803), not of other authors.

(V.B.-Willdenow’s work was issued in parts. so that the date 1816 on the title-page is

very misleading. that being the date when Volume 11 was issued as a whole, but it was

issued in parts previously.)

The colour of the flower varies.

Sonder and Berger have erroneously quoted JM. tricolor, Willd.. as belonging to

M. pyropaeum, Haw. They also erroneously quote Houttuyn as being the author of

M. eriniflorum, whilst Thunberg (" Fl. Cap.,” p. 411) ) attributes the name ` M. capense ”

to Houttuyn, but neither of these names are to be found at the place quoted in Houttuyn’s

work ; the plant referred to being M. pugioniforme, Houtt., ` Nat. Hist.,” Deel IL, t. 53,

separatelv issued as Handleid., `` Planten tot de Kraidkunde,” Vol. IX, p. 32, t. 53, which

represents a form of M. pomeridianum, Linn., in fruit, with capsules having 16-20 valves

and cells, whilst M. criniflorum bas only 5 valves and cells to its capsules. But authors

have paid little heed to frait-characters in this genus.

M. crystallinum, 'Thunl.. ` Fl. Cap. p. 413.

There are two sheets of this. containing specimens that appear to be M. erystallinum,

Linn. The locality given for it by Thunberg is near the Sundays River, but sheet 1 is

labelled as being from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden.

M. decussatum, 'Thunb., ` Fl. Cap...” p. 414. .

One sheet with two specimens upom it. collected on dry Jills near the Olifants River,

towards the north, in the Karroo below the Bokkeveld. Its synonymy is—

M. brachiatum, Ait., °° Hort. Kew.,” ed. 1, Vol. IT, p. 191 (1789), and Haw., “* Misc.,’”

p. 58.

M. decussatum, Thunb., `` Prodr.,” p. 88 (1800).

This is the same plant as Pearson No. 5544, which has been erroneously distributed

as M. geniculiflorum, Linn., from north of Nieuwerust, in the Van Rhynsdorp Division,

which at Kew is represented by a small and very poor specimen that has been grazed by

sheep or cattle, but is undoubtedly the same plant as M. decussatum, Thunb.

M. deltoides, Thunb., ` FI. Cap.,” p. 418.

One sheet with two good branches upon it of M. deltordes, Linn., from the mouitains

of Roodezand Kloot, now New Kloof, near Tulbagh.

M. difforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 498.

One specimen, in unripe fruit. This is a small plant scarcely an inch high, and quit”

different from M. difforme, Linn., as | have elsewhere pointed out, its synonymy being—

M. exiguum, N.E.Br., in ~ a teat Soe Rote, Vol EV p. 102) (1920),

M. difforme, Thunb., `` Prodr.,” p. 90 (1800), not of Linnaeus.

It seems to belong to the same ane as M. rostratum, Linn. The specimen has a woody

root stock bearing a taft of four growths. Each growth (including flower) is 8-9 lines long

and about 4 lines in diameter, with three pairs of leaves. The basal pair are 6 lines long

and 1-14 line broad (the dimensions here given are doubtless mach less than those of the

_ living plant), widely spreading, united at the base into a sheath only 14 line long: they

appear to be concave above, very rounded on the back, with a keel at the apex, which is

truncate in side view, and has a minute point, glabrous, but covered with minute hard

papillae or granules. The second pair are erect and united at the base into a cylindric sheath

43—5 lines long, with two compressed, acute leaf tips 2 lines long, papillate like the lower

leaves and keeled down the back; the sheath in the dried specimen is thin, somewhat

membranous, and whitish. Within this sheath the third pair of leaves is enclosed, which

appear to be free nearly to the base and just like the basal pair, but they are erect, with

their upper surfaces pressed together. They probably ultimately spread widely and become

in turn a basal pair. Pedicel 4-5 lines long, with a pair of small leaf-hke bracts at its base.

This bears a nearly ripe capsule, no flower pane present on the specimen. Calyx apparently

d-lobed to the top of the ovary ; lobes 2-23 lines long, some leaf-like, keeled and minutely

tuberculate or papillate, the others broadly ovate, with membranous margins. Petals

numerous, their shrivelled remains about 5 lines long when wetted. Stigmas 5, about

14 line long, subulate, recurved-spreading.

Sonder. in the `` Flora Capensis,” quotes this very distinct species on p. 395 as being

a synonym of M. denticulatum, Haw., and on p. 399 as a synonym of M. namaquense,

Sond. The former is a totally different plant, and the latter I have not seen, but it is

described as having leaves 3 lines broad and a `` peduncle three to four times longer than

the leaves.” So that it is evident that Thunbere’s plant is different from both.

M. digitiforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 412.

One sheet, with two ER growths and two flowers upon it. Collected in the Karroo

between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains, in the Van Rhynsdorp Division.

It is—

M. digitatum, Ait., “ Hert. Kew.,” ed. 1, Vol. I, p. 181 (1789).

M. digitiforme, Thunb., in “ Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VITT, Append., p. 6 (1791)

M. dolabriforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 424.

Two sheets marked 1 and 2.

Sheet 1 contains a specimen of some stemless species in fruit, with two leaves. It

is unknown to me, and probably new, but quite indeterminable.

Sheet 2 contains a flowering branch and a separate flower of M. dolabriforme, Linn.

The locality given by Thunberg is ` on very dry hills at Hantam, near the Roggeveld

Mountains,’

154

M. edule, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap..” p..426.

One sheet, containing two ds branches. ‘Thunberg Seaton that this pen

which is M. edule, Linn., grows near Capetown. Zwartland, and elsewhere.

M. emarcidum, Thunh.. “ Fl. Cap,” .p. 415.

Two sheets, marked 1 and 2, stated to have been AE on the Bokkeveld Ed

elsewhere in the Karroo.

Sheet 1 contains two species, a branch (which | have marked “A” on the sheet)

and four pieces (which I have marked ` B”). hr aa

‘A is the plant described by Thunberg as M. emarcidum, Thunb., in“ Nov. Act.

Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem..” Vol. VI. Append., p. 9 (1791); M. anatomiewm, Haw.,

** Mise.,”’ p. 50 (1803). ae

This specimen appears to me to be the same as Pearson No. 6434. from Khoms Ravine,

in the Khamiesberg. At the original place of publication, Thunberg states that this species

has 4 erect stigmas, and grows in the Bokkeveld mountain region, ‘without mention of any

other locality. There is a good specimen of it at the British Museum, collected by Masson

when travelling with Thunbe TY.

PH 16 MM, EU aa, Linn.

Sheet 2 contains one good specimen of M. expansum, Linn.

M. emarginatum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap..” p. 421.

One specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden, The specimen is a poor one, but probably

M. emarginatum, Linn.

M. expansum, Thusb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 415.

Two sheets marked 1 and 2. Sheet 1 contains a very fine flowering specimen from

Upsala Botanic Garden and sheet 2 a good specimen in fruit. The locality oiven for this

species is near Dutoits Kloof. Both specimens are

M. tripolium, Vin.

M. expansum, 'Thunb., ` Prodr..” p. 88 (1800), not of Linnaeus.

Thunberg’s specimens agree with those of Bolus No. 7930, from Orange Kloof on

Table Mountain.

M. falcatum, Thunb.. ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 422.

One specimen. No locality is quoted for it. The plant is M. lacerum, Haw., “ Obs.,”

p. 383 (1795). M. faleatum, Thunb., `` Prodr.,” p. 90 (1800), not of Linnaeus,

M. fasciculatum, 'Thuub., ` Fl. Cap.” p. 417.

One specimen, collected near Sandays River, in the Uitenhage Division,

This species has been wrongly quoted by Sonder in ` FI. Cap.,” Vol. IL, p. 482, as

a synonym of M. tetragoman. Thunb.. which is an utterly different plant of erect bushy

habit, whilst J. fascicelatum is prostrate.

| have been unable to match M. fasciculatwm, Thunb., with any specimen in the Kew

Herbarium, but it is evidently alhed to M. crassifolium, Linn. , which grows in the region

of Capetown (Wolley Dod No. 1625), and is probably the eastern representative of that

species, but seems to root much more freely at the nodes than M. crassifolium does. The

following is a description of Thunberg’s plant : i

M. fasciculatum. Thunb., in `` Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VII.

Append., p. 1] (1791). | Er

Stem prostrate, rooting at the nodes, about 14 line thick, with arching internodes —

11-9 inches long, glabrous, smooth. of a pale CS colour, bearing at the nodes short,

ereet. leafy-flowering shoots 1—2 inches high. including the flower, each with 4-5 pairs of

crowded ascending-spreading leaves 6-7 lines long and 1 line thick, which appear to have

been nearly terete “and very obtuse at the apex, a and are described by Thunberg as `` scarcely

trigonous. Like some other species from the same region, the dried leaves have numerous

dot-like blisters formed by crystalline particles of some salt or lime. Pedicel terminal,

solitary, bractless, about 5 lines long. Calyx 4-lobed, according to Thunberg, but the

lobes cannot be EE seen on the specimen. The flower seems to be in a closed condition,

and measures about 5 lines from the base of the. calyx to the tips of the apparently lax

petals, which are white, according to Thunberg.

M. fastigiatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 413.

One sheet containing two good specimens, collected on very dry hills near the Olifants

River, towards the ‘north, in the Van Rhynsdorp Division.

De Candolle, and following him Sonder, and Berger have maintained the name

M. fastigiatum, Haw., which was published in 1795, and given to the four-years older

M. fastigiatum, Thunb. the new name of M. papulifer um, even overlooking the fact that

Haworth had also long before bestowed a new name upon it. Thunberg’s name, however,

must be maintained, and as no good description of the plant exists. the following is an

account of Thunberg” s type aaa a

_M. fastigiatum, Thunb., ‘Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. es ’ Vol. VUIL, ASE

7 (1791).

Ma erectum. Haw., Mis. . Nat.” p. 53 (1803).

M. papuliferum, D. C., “ Prodr.,” Vol. HI, p. 448 (1828).

An annual 14-23 inches high, and as dried, broadly obconic in outline and 2-3 inches

in diameter across the flat top, densely covered with watery papillae on stems, leaves, and

calyx. One specimen is divided at the base into two, and the other into three main branches,

each of which at about half an inch above the base is divided into two or three branches

1-3 inch long: each of these either bear one to three flowers at the apex or divide once

more before ‘doing so, the whole forming a flat-topped cvme. All the branches thicken

upwards in an obconic manner. The leaves have disappeared from the lower nodes, and

the few that remain are much shrivelled, 5—7 lines long and 1 line thick; they seem to have

been nearly terete, or perhaps more or less flattened above, obtusely rounded at the apex.

The flowers seem to be nearly sessile or bat shortly pedicellate. Their structure | have

not examined, but Thunherg deseribes the calyx as 5-lobed; the lobes as being ovate,

obtuse, purple, and the corolla is snow-white. |

I find that there are much larger specimens of this plant at the British Museum,

collected by Masson.

The plant later described as M. fastigiatum. by Haworth, requires to have a new

name ; therefore, | propose for it that of—-

M. plenifolium, NE Br.

M. fastigictm, Haw., ` Obs.,” p. 210 (1795); not of Thunberg.

M. filiforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 417.

One specimen, collected at Hantam.

This plant is not a Mesembryanthemum, but is a species of Galenia, and may therefore

bear the following name :

Galenia filiformis, N.E.Br.

Mesembryanthemum filiforme, Thunb., `` Prodr.,” p. 89 (1800), and ` Fl. Cap..” p. 417.

Aizoon microphyllum, Bartl., in `` Linnaea,” Vol. VIT, p. 541 (1832).

This plant was left undetermined by Sonder, and it seems to be distinct from @alenia

herniariaefolia, Fenzl., under which Sonder places Aizoon microphyllum as a synonym.

It was evidently covered with minute watery papillae when alive, and the shrunk cells

in some places have somewhat the appearance of pubescence, but I do not perceive any

real hairs upon this or on (. herniariaefolia, sach as Sonder mentions in his Key to the

species of Galenia.

156

M. forficatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap..” p. 422.

> The specimen representing this 1s—

M. acinaciforme, Linn.

M. forficatum, Thunb., ` Prodr.,” p. 90 (1800), not of Linnaeus.

It was collected on the Karroo.

M. geniculiflorum, Thuab., ` Fl. Cap.” p. 414.

The specimen of this is the true MW. genicuhiflorum, Linn., and is labelled § ‘ culta n

horto gryphico.” It is identical with Bolus No. 9236, from near the Montagu Baths.

M. glaucum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

One sheet containing two EN The locality is not mentioned by Thunberg.

The right-hand specimen may possibly be M. glaucum, Linn., but the flower is detached.

The left-hand specimen is M. rosewm, Willd., `` Enum. Plant. Hort. Berol.,” p. 535

(1809).

M. hispidum, Thunb.. ` FI. Cap. p. 418.

There are five sheets so named, marked a, 3, 7, 0, and &, of which Thunberg gives

separate descriptions under letters a, 3, and 7, which presumably correspond with his

sheets so lettered. He evidently regarded them as forms of one species. |

Sheet a contains a good specimen of M. candens, Haw., ` Rev.,” p. 186 (1821). It

is stated to grow on sandy plains, and is identical with Zeyher No. 2592, from near Port

Elizabeth.

Sheet 3 contains two branches of M. calycinum, Haw., ` Rev..” p. 187 (1821). It

is the plant described by Thunberg under #, for which he gives no locality, but it is the

same plant as Bolus No. 2020, from near Mitchell's Pass.

Sheet 7 contains one poor specimen of M. micans, Linn. It may be the plant described

by Thunberg under 7, but scarcely agrees with the description. The locality given for 7

is Karroo between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains, in the Van Rhynsdorp

Division.

Sheet d is named ` M. hispidum (2). It is an undescribed species, unlocalized by

Thunberg, but identical with a branch mixed with another species collected by Bolus near

the Montagu Baths, and distributed under No. 6715, which 1 describe under the following

hame : j

M. praecultum. N.H.Br.

An erect Pench bendes shrub, probably less than a toot high, the specimen seen

being about 6 inches high, with the stoutest part of the stem less than 1 line thick. The

young parts, including leaves and calyx, densely papillate, the old parts with a somewhat

smooth greyish or brown bark. Internodes 3-6 lines long. Leaves opposite, 1— lines

long, subglobose or nearly as thick as long, or shortly cylindric, very obtuse ; most of them

have fallen from the specimens. Flowers very numerous, produced all along the main

and lateral branches at nearly every node, solitary in the axil of each fallen leaf. Pedicel

ascending, 3— lines long. ( 'alvx 5—lobed to the top of the ovary nbs subequal, nearly

2 lines long, oblong, obtuse. Petals numerous, about 3 lines long Ak 1_1 line broad, obtuse.

tapering downwards. Stamens numerous. Stigmas 5, spreading, 1 1 line long, slender,

subulate, arising from a 5-lobed crown-like structure on the top of es ovary. Capsule

14 line long and 2 lines broad, shortly and broadly obeonic, convex at the top, 5-valved.

Sonder in ` Fl. Cap. p. 442, has referred M. hispidum (0) of Thunberg's Herbarium

to M. brevifolinm, Ait., but that is a very different plant, with totally different and smaller

flowers (see under M. capillare). The M. brevifolium, Sonder, is a mixture of three or more

species. is

Sheet s contains two branches of what | believe to be M. floribundum, Haw., “ Mise.,”

p. 100 (1803). It is not localized,

From the above it will be noted that neither of Thunberg's specimens belong to

M. hispidum, Linn.

M. laeve, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 425.

One specimen, collected near Sundays River, in the Uitenhage Division. As the

name JM. laeve had previously been used by Aiton, Haworth changed the name to--

M. Thunbergii, ue " Mise.,” p. 86 (1803).

M. laere, Thunb., in “ Acad. Leop. -Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append., p. 16 (1791),

not of Aiton.

Thunberg's EE agrees with those of Rogers No. 4656, collected near Zwartkops,

in the Port Elizabeth Division.

This eastern plant is similar to and might be mistaken (in the dried state) for

M. dissimile, N.E.Br., which grows near Capetown, but differs from that species by having

more obtuse leaves, no bracts at the base of the pedicel, and apparently smaller flowers.

But the two require to be compared when alive, so that their distinctive characters can be

properly contrasted. The prostrate stems of M. Thunbergii are 2 lines thick, very smooth,

and pale brownish.

M. lanceum, Thunb., “ Fi. Cap.,” p. 417.

One sheet, containing two good specimens. The locality is not stated. There is

another specimen of it from Upsala Botanic Garden, named “ M. trrpoliwm,” and also

another mounted on the sheet of M. ovatum (which see). The original reference for it is

M. lanceum, Thunb., ` Prodr.,” p. 89 (1800).

Sonder’s description of this, in “ Fl. Cap.,” Vol. Ul, p. 455, is fairlv correct, except

that I believe the stems to be procumbent or st raggling. Possibl ly the plant figured by

De Candolle, “ Plant. Grasses,” t. 47, as M. expansum, may be M. lanceum, Thunb. ; it

does not seem to be M. erpansum, Linn. It also seems closely allied to M. varians, Ha W.,

and may prove to be that species when better known.

M. lineare, Thuab., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 411.

One sheet of specimens, for which the localities Zwartland and Groenekloof, in the

Maimesbury Division, are given. This plant is—

M. gramineum, Haw., “ Obs.,” p. 470 (1793).

ae ieneare, -Thunb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 88° (1800):

M. pyropaeum, Haw., `` Suppl..” p. 99 (1819). .

M. tricolor, Sims, ` Bot. Mag.,” t. 2144 (1820), and Haw.“ Rev.,” p. 163 (1821), not

of Willdenow.

Thunberg’s specimens agree with those of Wolley Dod No. 1796, from sandhills at

Duinefontein.

M. gramineum was founded upon the figure and description in Petiver, ` Gazophylacium, ”

Vol. 1; p. 10, t. 88, f. 6, and “ Cat.,” Vol. Il, p. 4, No. 488, which clearly represents this

plant, although Petiver described the petals as yellow; but, as ke seems to have had only

dried specimens, he was perhaps misled by the yellowish colour they sometimes assume

when dried.

Berger. ` Mesemb.,” p. 38, also quotes M. clavatium, Haw., as a synonyin of this species,

but that name was likewise founded upon a plant figured by Petiver on the same plate

(t. 88, f. 7). which represents quite a different plant with creeping and probably perennial

stems. The M. tricolor, Willd., qaoted by the above authors for this species, is MW. criniflorum,

Linn. f. (which see).

M. linguaeforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 424. 3

This is represented by four ee, Fae. and three flowers, labelled as from a plant

cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden. which certainly do not belong to M. linguiforme,

Linn., but probably to—

Glottiphyllum longum, N.E. Br., in Gardener’s `` Chronicle ” (1922), Vol. LXXI., p. 9

Mesembryanthemum longum, Haw., * Obs.,” p. 177 (1795).

M. loreum, Thunb.“ Fi. Cap:,” p. 421: : | ME

One flowerless specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden. Thunberg states that it grows

on the Karroo between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld: The specimen, however,

does not belong to M. lorewm, Linn.. but is. probably M. crassi folium, Linn., and is identical

with Schlechter No. 8316 (from Zout River) and Wolley Dod No. 1625 (from Governor’ s

Cottage).

M. micans, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 426.

One sheet containing three specimens, collected below the Bokkeveld Mountains.

This plant is not JM. micans, Linn., and it is erroneously quoted as a svnonym of

M. collinum, Sond., by Sonder in `` Fl. Cap.,” Vol. Il, p. 443. That species, however,

was founded upon specimens collected by Zeyher near the Gauritz River, in the Mossel

Bay Division, a widely different locality from that of Thunberg’s plant, which is a different

species and identical with Pearson No. 4903, from Hottentots Kloof, in the Ceres Division,

which is stated to be a ` weak herb, $—1 foot ; among bushes.” But it is evidently weak

and lanky and only partly woody from. growing among or in the shade of bushes ; otherwise,

it 1s A aia identical with Thunberg's shrubby specimens. 1 propose the following name

for 1

N. exspersum, N.É.Dr

M. micans, Thunb., ` Prodr..” p. 91, not of Linnaeus.

\ dwarf shrublet, 6-12 inches high, with woody branches about ? line thick and more

slender branchlets. Branches opposite, rather widely ‘diverging at their origin,’ with

internodes 3-15 lines long, the young parts ascending, curved or flexuose, with a smooth’

brown bark on the old parts, and the young leafy branchlets purplish or brownish, coveted

with scattered longitudinally Som pre ssed papillae. Leaves opposite, 2—4 lines (5- —6 lines

on Pearson’s specimen) long, 4 line thick on the dried specimens, erect or more or less

spreading, not united at the Rana, distinctly concave-channelled down the face, rounded ~

on the back, obtuse, of equal thickness throughout, not thickened at the apex, mostly”

straight, very densely covered with smaller papillae than those on the stem, whitish.

Flowers solitary, terminal ; pedicels 11-23 inches long, slender, brownish or purplish, with

scattered papillae like those on the stem, which become crowded at the apex. Calyx

\-lobed down to the top of the short and very broadly obconic ovary, densely papillate;

lobes subequal, 15-2 lines long, deltoid or deltoid-ovate, acute, two (or three 7) of them

with broad membranous margins, not appendaged. Petals numerous, 4-45 lines long,

linear, obtuse or notched at the apex, apparently of some shade of red.

M. moniliforme, Thunhb., ` Fl. Cap..” p. 415.

One sheet. containing two good specimens of the plant in a resting condition, that 1s,

without either leaves or flowers. The original reference is— .

M. moniliforme, Thunb., in ` Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.,

p.. 7 (1791).

Thunberg’s specimens represent the plant as about 3 inches high, with stout, crowded —

branches 4—6 lines thick, with ae. annular constrictions 1 -1} line apart, giving

them the appearance of being formed of a number of flat, button-like beads, ei brown,

olabrous.

This is not guite like the plant | described and figured, partly from emo in the

` Journal of the Linnean Society,” Vol. XLV, p. 116, t. 5, f. 10; as the joints of that plant,

as | remember them. were certainly not so flattened as in Thunberg’s specimens, yet for

all that, it may be specifically the same.

Thunberg collected it on hills near the Olifants River, towards the north, in the Van

Rhynsdorp Division.

M. noctiflorum, Thunb.. ` Fl. Cap. p. 414.

One specimen from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden, It is M.

Linn. ;

—

159

M. nodiflorum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 415.

Three sheets of good specimens, all of which belong to M. nodiflorum, Linn. It is

stated to grow near Olifants River. in the Karroo below the Bokkeveld, in Zwartland,

and elsewhere. The specimens quite agree with Schlechter No. 11068, from Eenkokerboom.

Sonder in `` Fl. Cap.,” Vol. LU, p. 452, places M. apetalum, Linn. f. and M. copticum.,

Linn. as synonyms of VW. nodiflorum (in which Berger follows Linn.), but they are both

perfectly distinct from it and from each other, J/. copticum, Linn. being the same as diz09%

hispanicum, Linn., and M. apetalum, Linn. f. is described above.

M. ovatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 417.

This name is represented in Thunberg’s Herbarium by one sheet containing two very

distinct species.

The right-hand specimen is identical with Zeyher No. 2624, from the valley and hills

- of the Zwartkops River, in the Uitenhage Division, and is undoubtedly the plant intended

by the name JW. ovatum, in Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 417, for which Thunberg gives no

locality. |

The left-hand specimen is a branch of MW. lanceum, Thunb.

But upon noticing the more erect slope of the letters and the different ink with which

they appear: to have been written, that the specific name ``oratum ` was written at a

different time from the name ~ Mesembryanthemum,” 1 consulted the original description

at M. ovatum, Thunb., and found that he there describes a totally different plant. which

's not represented by any specimen in his Herbarium, nor can | find any in the Kew

Herbarium that corresponds to his description. From this | think it probable that his

original specimen must have got lost or destroyed, and that at a later date, when compiling

his ` Flora Capensis,” he mistook the ovate-leaved plant (like Zeyher No. 2624) for his

“I. ovatum, and because he found it did not correspond with his original description, wrote

a fresh one, made from the specimen he had before him, which is flowerless, and added

such details of the flower as are given, and the statement that it is papulose, from his

original description. Thus we have two very distinct species described by Thunberg

under the name of M. ovatum at different dates. The plant originally described appears ~

to be a very small papillate annual, whilst that later described has long (prostrate 7) stems,

and is glabrous and smooth or not conspicuously papillate. The following is a translation

of the original description :—

M. ovatum, Thunb., in `` Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.,

p. 8 (1791), not of any other book or author.

Plant dwarf, diffuse. Root annual, fibrous. Stems several, radical, as long as a finger”

nail or an inch long. somewhat erect, simple. terete. leafless or slightly leafy (probably

with or without bracts) at the middle, papulose, covered with crystalline scales (can

eloagated dried watery papillae be intended ?). Radical leaves several (or many). larger,

stem-leaves fewer, fleshy, opposite. connate, the length of a finger-nail or an inch long,

flat, obovate. tapering below, and again widened at the base, obtuse, entire, papulose

above, papulose and covered with hyaline scales beneath, viscid, green or purple. Flowers

terminal. solitary, white. Calyx fleshy, 5-partite, papulose, crystalline and. scaly ; lobes

1 line long, with three a little longer, ovate, obtuse, concave, with a thin membranous

margin. Petals numerous, inserted on the calyx and longer than it, linear, entire, white.

Stamens very many, inserted at the base of the calyx and shorter than it ; filaments distinct,

filiform, glabrous. white or purple; anthers ovate, didvmous, yellow. Nectary crowning

the ovary. affixed ina wreath to the margin of the calyx, crenulate, green. | Ovary depressed,

2-grooved. glabrous. Styles 5, erect, subulate, acute. Capsule fleshy, depressed-conical,

5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds numerous.

Thunberg states that this plant grows near the Cape, on sandhills, and that it. is

common. I cannot, however, as above stated, find any plant in the Kew Herbarium that

agrees with the above description. Can this plant be a form of M. crin/florum, Linn. f. ?

160

As the above described plant must take precedence for the name M. ovatum; that in”

Thunberg’s Herbarium now bearing that name requires to be renamed, and as I find it

to be identical with a plant described by Berger, the following will be its synonymy :—

M. Haeckelianum, Berger in “ Engler Bot. Jabrb..” Vol. XLV. p. 224 (1910).

M. ovalum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 417 (1828), not of ` Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car-

Kphem.,”’ Vol. VIL, Append., p. 8 (1791).

M. elongatum, Eckl. & Zey., ` Enum. Plant. Afr. Austr.,” p. 321 (1836), and in

‘ Linnaea,” Vol. XIX, p. 658 (1847).

M. angulatum var. ovatum, Sond. in `` Fl. Cap., Vol. TH, p. 454, partly (1862).

Root-stock perennial. Stems probably annual ascending or perhaps prostrate with

ascending branches, up to 18 inches long and 14 line thick, angular, glabrous, and apparently

smooth, with internodes up to 2 inches long. Leaves opposite, 313 inch long, 3-9 lines

broad, lanceolate or ovate, acute, tapering into a petiole at the lower third, entire, glabrous,

apparently smooth, fleshy. Flowers solitary in the forks of the stems or axillary, Pedicels

11 inch long. moderately stout, glabrous, bractless. Calyx very unequally 4-lobed, the

two larger bes G6—10 ae long and 3-4 lines broad, lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, acute,

leaf-like, the two smaller 45 lines long, with a membranous ovate basal part and a subulate

point. Petals numerous, aie 6 ies long and }—} line broad. Stamens numerous.

Style 1-3 line long, stout : stigmas 4, short, apparently flat, acute.

Valley and hills of the Zwartkops River, in the Uitenhage Division, Zeyher No. 2624,

and without locality, but probably from the same region, a flowerless specimen in Herb.

(Thunberg).

Sonder in ` Fl. Cap.” p. 454, quotes the plant named JZ. oratwm in Thunberg’s

Herbarium and Zeyher No. 2623 under M. angulatum var. ovatum as both being the same

plant, whereas they are entirely different, the JM. ovatum, Herb. (Thunberg), being

M. Haeckeliamuan just described, and Zevher No. 2623 being M. angulatum, Thunb,

M. papulosum, Linn. f., ` Suppl...” p. 259 (1781).

One sheet containing three specimens in fruit. This species is not mentioned in

Thunberg’s ` Flora Capensis,” nor is there any indication of locality on the back of the

sheet. But as it was described by Linnaeus fil. from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic

Garden, it may have been raised from seed obtained from these fruiting specimens, or these

specimens may have come from Upsala Garden; and as they accurately agree with the

description of Linnaeus fil., they must be accepted as the type of the species, for there

is no specimen of the plant among those from the Herbarium of the younger Linné, and

as he described many species from Thunberg’s specimens, these may even possibly be those

from which he described. He quotes, however, M. Aitouis, Jacq. as a synonym of

M. papulosum. This is an error, for M. Aitouis has angular (not terete) stems, quite different

leaves, straight (not deflexed) pedicels, and broad obovate (not subulate) tips to the calyx-

lobes. JM. Aitouis is also an eastern species from the Uitenhage Division, whilst

M. papulosum grows near Capetown, for it is identical with Wolley Dod No. 2864, from

the shore between Sea Point and Camps Bay. The plant is an annual, covered with large

papillae, and is well marked by the peculiar curvature just below the calyx of the 6-8 lines

long pedicels, causing the flowers to nod. The petals are small and yellow, `` half as long

as the shorter calyx-lobes.”

M. pinnatifidum, Thunb.. ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

Two sheets; one contains a specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden. The localities

given by Thunberg are Mountains of Roode Zand, near Tulbagh Waterfall, and on the

Paardeberg. All belong to

M. pinnatifidum, Linn. £., “Suppl...” p. 260 (1781).

lol

M. pinnatum, Thunb., in “Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.,

p. 15 (1791).

The specimens agree with those collected by Wolley Dod at Smitwinkel Vley.

M. pomeridianum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

One specimen from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden. It is M. pomeridianum,

Linn. To the synonymy of this plant must be added JM. pugiomforme, Houtt., ` Nat.

Hist.,” Deel Il, t. 53, separately issued as `` Handleid. Plant. Kruidkunde,” Vol. IX, p. 82,

t. 53; M. capense, Houtt., ex Thunb. “ Fl. Cap.,” ed. Schultes, p. 411. (See note under

M. eriniflorum.)

M. pruinosum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 425.

This is represented by one very poor specimen, which is AZ. echinatum, Ait., “ Hort.

Kew.,” ed. 1, Vol. II, p. 194 (1789); M. pruimosum, Thunb., in “ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car.

Ephem Vol. VIII, Append., p. 17 (1791).

Stated to grow in the Karroo near Loeri River, in the Uitenhage Division, and in

Cannaland. Sonder has retained AZ. prucnosum as a distinct species, but it is unquestionably

identical with MW. echinatum. :

M. pugioniforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 424.

Two sheets containing scrappy specimens, which belong to M. pugioniforme, Linn.

The locality given for it by Thunberg is near Verloren Valley and elsewhere. Sheet 2

contains a specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden.

M. ringens, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 423.

Three sheets marked a, 8, and 7. Under this name Thunberg describes four varieties.

Sheet a contains two species, the two upper specimens, which I have marked * 1”

on the sheet, evidently represent the plant described by Thunberg under var. a as growing

below the Roggeveld. They have leaves about 9 lines long, with 4-5 acute teeth (not

bristles or cilia) on the margins and 2-3 on the keel. It appears to be M. murinum, Haw.,

= ps,, p. 165 (1795).

The lower specimen and two detached leaves I think belong to M. felinum, Hill.

Sheet 3 contains two species, the upper left-hand specimen, marked “1,” appears to

be M. murinum, Haw., like the specimens on sheet a. The other two specimens, marked “2,”

seem to belong to the plant from Hantam, described by Thunberg under var. 7, which is

possibly JM. mustellinum, Haw., `` Suppl.,” p. 87 (1819).

Sheet 7 contains two specimens of a species that I cannot identify; it is probably

new, but the material is inadequate for description.

M. rostratum, Linn., Thunb. “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 424, states that this grows in the Karroo

between the Olifants River and the Bokkeveld. But the species is not represented in

Thunberz’s Herbarium.

M. sabulosum, Thunb., “ F!. Cap.,” p. 422.

One sheet, containing two specimens of the plant described and a small plant

accidentally mixed with them of M. pomeridianum, Linn. The original reference is—

M. sabulosum, Thunb., in “ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII. Append..

p. 17 (1791).

Thunberg collected it in sandy places in Zwartland and near Saldhana Bay. His

specimens are identical with Bolus No. 9004, from open places between Tulbagh Kloof and

Pikiniers Kloof : with Stephens No. 7168, between Warmbaths and Modderfontein Farm:

and with Stephens and Glover No. 8785, from Het Kruis, which have erroneously been

distributed as being M. pomeridianum, Linn.

162

M. scabrum, Thunb., ` F!. Cap.,” p. 420.

Three sheets. marked 1. 2. and 3, stated to grow on hills near Capetown.

Sheet 1 contains one very poor specimen of a species that is not determinable, but

is not M. scabrum, Linn. ,

Sheets 2 and 3 both contain only specimens of M. bracteatum, Ait., “ Hort. Kew.,”

ed. 1, Vol. II, p. 185 (1789).

M. secundum, Thunb.. `` Mus. Nat. Acad. U psal. Auet.,’ Bart 1 pese (1827), name only,

no description.

This is not quoted in Thunb. ` Fl. Cap.” The specimen is identical with those of

Burke No. 468 and is M. articulatum, Thunb. (which see). ;

M. serratum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

One sheet, containing one flowerless branch. It is possibly M. tenuifolium, Linn.,

but certainly not M. serratuwm, Linn. No locality is given for it.

M. sessile, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 419.

One specimen in fruit, collected in the Karroo between the Olifants River and the

Bokkeveld Mountains. The original place of publication is—

M. sessile, Thunb.. in ` Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.,

p. 14 (1791).

Evidently a woody shrub or shrublet. The type consists of a straight terete main

branch about 1} line thick at the base, giving off numerous very short opposite leaf-bearing

and flowering bre ts 2-5 lines long, ine luding the flowers, and three spreading alternate

prane hes 1 1! inch long (but are broken at the ends and have been longer) and more than

! line thick ; era 's 2-4 lines long; bark brown. Leaves 1-2 closely placed pairs to

each branchlet, 1-13 line long and about as broad, probably larger when alive, half-globose,

rounded at the ie x, flat or slightly concave (from shrinkage 7) above, very convex on

the back, glabrous, smooth, apparently pellucid-dotted. Pedicel terminal and solitary

on the short lateral branchlets, 1 line long, not bracteate (as Sonder wrongly states),

vradually passing into the obconic calyx- tube, which is 1} line long. Calyx 5-lobed ;

lobes 1-13 line long, ovate, obtuse. Flowers red, ex Thunberg, but the specimen is in

unripe fruit. Capsule 2-2} lines in diameter, with 5 acute ridges on the flattish top,

purplish, ee Thunberg.

| have not been able to match this with any specimen at Kew.

Sonder has placed M. cymbiforme, Haw., ~*~ Obs.,” p. 264, as a synonym of M. sessile:

Thunb., but that species is a totally different plant, with much larger leaves than those

of M. sessile, Thunb.

M. spathulatum, Thunb., in ~ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VII, Append.,

p. 5 (1791), not of Willdenow.

This species is omitted from all other books, including Thunberg s “ Flora Capensis,””

and no specimen so named exists in his Herbarium. M. spathulatum, Willd., which seems

to have hitherto been mistaken for Thunberg’s plant by Willdenow, De Candolle, Sondei,

and Berger (who wrongly quotes the name as ` JM. spathulifolium ”) *). is an annual, and

is the same as M. criniflorum, Linn. f., which grows near Capetown, whilst M. spathulatum

of Thunberg is described as a perennial, from the Roggeveld region, and therefore not

at all likely to be the same species. The following is a translation of Thunberg’s description

of M. spathulatum. .

A stemless perennial. Root thick, fleshy, with fibres, divided above into several

little stems. Leaves about 6. radical, approximate, erect, alternately opposite, about

as long as a finger-nail (” unguicularia ” ”). connate (at the base), ovate, obtuse, with a

“ n ma Fe

163

point (apiculate), tapering and smoothish at the basal part, papillate-scabrid at the upper

part, slightly concave above, convex on the back, entire, green, with a red margin, the

two lower withered. Flower solitary, from the centre of the leaves, radical, pedunculate,

white. Peduncle shorter than the leaves, 1-flowered. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes ovate-

lanceolate.

It grows on the intermediate Roggeveld, and was out of flower in November.

Although no specimen in Thunberg’s Herbarium is named M. spathulatum. 1 find in

it an unnamed specimen that so exactly agrees with the original description of that species,

that I think there can be no doubt whatever that it is the specimen of M. spathulatum

from which he made his description, but that he omitted to write the name on the sheet,

thus probably causing it to be omitted from his “ Flora Capensis.” This specimen is

marked on the back of the sheet merely as having been collected at the Cape of Good Hope

by Thunberg. The following is a description of the specimen —

A stemless perennial. Root-stock fleshy, about 2 inches long and ? inch thick at the

upper part, where it divides into a few branches 3-4 lines long and 2-4 lines thick, each

crowned with a small rosette of leaves; the lower part is abruptly contracted into a more

' slender portion giving off fibres. Leaves 4—6 in each rosette or growth, opposite, crowded,

erect, or the outer spreading and withering; each leaf 4—7 lines long, 4—5 lines broad at

the apical part, spathulate-obovate, very obtusely rounded at the apex, with a short

apiculus, narrowed into a stout petiole-like part from about the middle to the base, where

they are very shortly united, the upper part on both surfaces scabrid-papillate, from

being covered with small, crowded, hard tubercles, which when highly magnified are seen

to be themselves rough from being covered with very minute, hard, conical papillae :

the lower or petiolar part is smoother; they appear to have been flat or perhaps slightly

concave above, convex on the back. The specimen is flowerless, but there is a detached

capsule, which evidently belongs to the plant, as the calyx-lobes are covered with the same

peculiar tubercles, which on the lower part pass into crowded smooth dots, that are probably

slightly prominent on the living plant. This capsule is 6 lines in diameter, hemispheric

and 5-valved, with 5 calyx-lobes and a piece of a slender pedicel 1 line long, that is not

dotted, attached to it. The calyx-lobes are 2-3 lines long, broadly ovate, apparently

acute.

This very distinct plant is nearly allied to M. calcareum, Marloth; which also has the

same peculiar type of tubercles upon its leaves, but they are longer, differently rounded

at the apex, and are without the little apiculus present on those of M. spathulatum.

M. spinosum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap,” p. 420.

Three sheets, marked a, , and 7, collected in the Karroo between Olifants River

and the Bokkeveld Mountains, and at Hantam.

` Sheet a contains a specimen identical with `` M. spinosum, a,” of Herb. Drége, but

it is not M. spinosum, Linn., and is undescribed. I therefore describe it as—

M. aculeatum, N.E.Br.

A shrub resembling M. spinosum in habit, with 3-forked spiny flowering branches.

Branches straight, not intricately intermingled. Internodes 4-12 lines long, with grey

or brown bark on the old parts, the younger parts, including the spines, which are 6-9 lines

long and nearly or quite half a line thick at their base, marked with elongated immersed

dots, glabrous. Leaves opposite, short and stout, shortly united at the base, 13-23 lines

long, 14-2 lines broad and 1 line thick on the dried specimens, flat above, slightly keeled

beneath, obtuse or apiculate, spreading, each with a young shoot 2-3 lines long i in its axl,

bearing two pairs of crowded leaves, obscurely gland-dotted. Flowers solitary from the

tufts of leaves on the widely spreading spines. Pedicels 1 line or less long. Calyx 5-lobed,

about 14 line in diameter across the short and very broadly obconic (or hemispheric ?)

tube (ovary); lobes subequal, about 1 line long, ovate, obtuse, three with broad

164

inembranous margins. Corolla probably about 5 lines in diameter, with petals about

2 lines long. Stamens numerous, stigmas 5, erect, 1 line long, stout at the base, tapering

to an awn-like point.

Drége’s specimen was collected in the Nieuweveld, between Rhenoster Kop and Ganze

Fontein, in the Beaufort West Division. The above description, however, is made entirely

from Thunberg’s specimen.

Sheet 3 contains two specimens of a very distinct spiny species that 1 cannot match

with any specimen at Kew, but it is too imperfect to describe.

Sheet 7 contains a specimen of a species allied to the true M. spinoswm, Linn., but

is apparently distinct. Masson also collected it ; his specimens are at the British Museum.

In Herbaria and books several species are included under the name M. spinosum.

M. splendens, Thunb., ` FI. Cap. p. 414.

One specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden of M. splendens, Linn.

M. stipulaceum, Thun., ` Fl. Cap..” p. 422.

One sheet so named, containing a specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden, which is

M. faleatum, Linn., and not at all like M. stipulacewm, Linn.

M. subincanum, Haw., in “ Phil. Mag.,” Vol. LXIV. p. 427 (1824).

Two sheets thus named by Sonder, and apparently correctly. The specimens on

one sheet match those of Zevher No. 2604.

M. tenuifolium, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap., p. 421.

Four sheets, marked 1, 2, 3, and 4 (but the 4 is written very like a 2). No indication

of locality is given,

Sheet 1 contains two specimens of a new species allied to M. gracile, Haw., but is

more slender. and is identical with Rogers No. 16826 (from near Clanwilliam), and Stephens

No. 5170 (from Boontjes River).

Sheet 2 contains a specimen of M. polyanthon, Haw.. ps SYNOp..” p. 270 (1812), of

which M. glomeratum, Salm Dyck. ` Mesemb.,” § 48, fig. 1 (not of Linnaeus) is a synonym.

It is quite distinct from the plant wrongly figured by Salm Dyck as being M. polyanthon,

Sheet 3 contains a specimen of M. productum, Haw.

Sheet 4 contains two species. The right-hand specimen is M. productum, Haw.,

in ` Phil. Mag.,” Vol. LXIV, p. 425 (1824). The left-hand specimen may possibly be a

weak branch of M. tennifolium, Linn., but is not determinable with any certainty.

M. testiculare, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap..” p. 412.

One sheet. containing two specimens in fruit of M. testiculare, Ait., `` Hort. Kew.,”

ed. 1, Vol. Il, p. 181 (1789) : Thunb. in ` Nov. Act. Acad, Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VII,

Append., p. 6 (1791).

Collected in the Karroo between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains.

M. tetragonum, 'Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 426.

One specimen collected at Hantam, the type of M. tetragonum, Thunb.. ~ Prodr.,”

p. 91 (1800). Thunberg’s specimen is the same as Zeyher No. 702 and Pearson Nos. 3066,

3391, and 3688, which have incorrectly been distributed under the name of M. defoliatum,

Haw. That species. however, differs in habit, has less connate leaves and shorter pedicels.

Possibly a plant collected by Pearson at Plaatklip, Namaqualand, and distributed under

the same name without a number, mav be the true M. defoliatum, Haw. (M. clavatum,

Jacg., not of Haw.).

Thunberg describes the stems of M. tetragouum as “* subtetragonous,” bat his specimen .

has terete stems with a slight compression at the nodes, where alone they can be called

subtetragonous, and they are in no way different from the stems of the specimens of Zeyher

and Pearson. .

165

Sonder in “~ Fl. Cap.,” Vol. II, p. 432, erroneously quotes AZ. fasciculatum, Thunb., as

a synonym of M. tetragonum, but the two species are totally different, as | have noted

under M. fasciculatum, Thunb.

N.B.—As Moench, two years later, in his “ Methodus Plantas, Supplementum,”

p. 191 (1802), also published a species under the name of M. tetragoman, which has been

omitted by modern monographers, I would like to point out to future workers upon this

genus, that it is probably a synonym of some ies described by Haworth. The

description of M. tetragonum, Moench, is as follows :—

Stem erect, shrubby, glabrous, smooth greyish; branches tetragonous. Leaves

decussate, distinct (i.e. not united at the base), triquetrous, keeled, acute, not dotted.

with the margins and keel reddish. Flowers solitary subsessile. Calyx 5-lobed ; lobes

ovate, three with membranous tips. Corolla reddish, with subulate petals.

M. tortuosum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

Two sheets marked a and 2. Collected in the Karroo.

Sheet a contains two specimens of JM. tortwoswm, Linn., which agree with those of

Pearson No. 3057 (from the valley of Kamsoap).

Sheet 7 contains four pieces of M. erpanswm, Linn.

M. trichotomum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap..” p. 419.

One specimen, collected between the Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains.

the type of M. trichotomum, Thunb., in ` Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VITI,

Append., p. 14 (1791).

This dwarf shrubby species continuously branches in a trichotomous manner from

the base, with internodes 5-12 lines long, greyish, not dotted with white. The ultimate

branches are only 14-2 inches long, not 2-3 inches as stated by Sonder. Leaves opposite.

2-5 lines long and TESE, about 1 line broad and 1 line thick, flat above, slightly keeled

at the apical part on the back (obsoletely trigonous, er Thunberg), obtuse, firm, smooth

(not papillate), green. Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile. Calyx 4-lobed ; lobes unequal.

the larger pair leaf-like up to 3 lines (or perhaps more) long, and twice as long as the shorter

pair, which are ovate, obtuse, membranous, keeled on the back. Corolla with the outer

petals spreading, dark parple, the inner short, whitish. Styles 4, very short, erect.

purple ; stigmas simple, spreading, yellow.

The above is Thunberg’s description with particulars from the specimen included.

The floral structure cannot be seen without damaging the specimen, as there are only

two flowers upon it. I fail to match this species with any specimen at Kew, but Pearson

No. 5549 is evidently allied to it, differing bv its foliage, white-dotted branches, and .

pedicellate flowers.

M. tripolium. Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 417.

One specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden, which is M. lancewm, Thunb... not

M. tripolium, Linn. (See ander M. lanceum.)

”

M. truncatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 412.

One shect, containing two specimens, collected among rocks in the Kamanassie Karroo

in all probability, as he states that it flow ers in January and February, and he was in that

region in January, 1774, But Thunberg also states that it erows in the Karroo below

the Bokkeveld, and near Hex River. As he only collected in these localities in October

and November, 1773 and 1774, the Kamanassie Karroo is the more probable locality for

it, and I have no doubt he mistook other species of this group for M. truncatum, for many

of them are very similar in appearance. This plant is—-

Conophytum truncatum, N.l.Br., in the Gardeners’ Chronicle ” (1922), Vol. LXXT.

p. 261,

166

Mesembryanthemum truncatum, Thunb., in `` Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Oar. Ephem.,”

Vol. VIII, Append., p. 5 (1791). -

Plant forming dense tufts, composed of closely packed branches 4-14 inch long and

about 3 lines thick, including the numerous wrinkled, slightly shining, brown sheaths

of a firm or somewhat parchment-like (not membranous) texture with which they are covered.

Growths about 4 lines long and 3-4 lines in diameter across the top, which Thunberg

describes as “ retuse-truncate.” The dried growths are glabrous, smooth, slightly shining,

of a tan-brown colour, and conspicuously dotted. The specimens seem to have the remains

of either some very damaged flowers or young fruits that are damaged and not in a fit

state to examine, and also one perfect capsule 23 lines in diameter, with 5 valves. Thunberg

describes the calyx as 4-lobed, but in this specimen it was doubtless 5-lobed, although

the lobes have disappeared. Yet it is not uncommon with species of this genus for flowers

on the same plant to vary in the number of the calyx-lobes from 4—5.

This species seems never to have been found by any other collector, and has never

been in cultivation.

M. tuberosum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 421. |

This species is now missing from Thunberg s Herbarium. But as, according to the |

description, it is quite a different plant from that to which Linnaeus had long before applied

the same name. I propose for it the following change of name, and add a translation of

Thunberg’s description : |

M. stratum, N.E.Br. i

7 be 29 ) Coon ; 29 :

M. tuberosum, Thunb., `` Prodr.,” p. 90 (1800), and ` FI. Cap.,” p. 421, not of Linnaeus. |

Stem prostrate, 9 inches or more long, filform, terete, branching, glabrous, greyish. .

Branches opposite, somewhat secund, decumbent, about 3 inches long, papulose, green. 7

Leaves opposite, united and sheathing at the base, about half as long as a finger- nail, |

terete-subulate, erect, papulose. Flowers terminating the branchlets, “pedunculate, red. |

Peduncle thickened (upwards 7), about as long as the leav es, 1-flowered, papulose. Calyx |

5-lobed, papulose ; lobes lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, erect. Petals linear, obtuse. |

Grows on dry plains near Downes (Daunis), in the Calvinia Division. :

Thunberg makes no mention of the plant having a tuberous root-stock or producing |

tubers, so that his name `` tuberosum `` seems inapplicable, unless he intended it to mean

that because the plant was papillate on all green parts it was fall of small swellings (from.

tuber, a swelling).

M. umbellatum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.” p. 414.

There are six sheets bearing this name, marked a, 3, 7, 0, & and ¢. Thunberg

describes three plants as varieties under this name, but | am unable to fit his specimen

to the descriptions with certainty.

Sheet a contains one specimen of a species | am not able to identify. It is identical

with Bolus No. 9009 (from near Clanwilliam).

Sheet 7 contains three specimens : the right-hand specimen, which 1 have marked ~ B ”

on the sheet, is M. parviflorum, Jacg.. `` Hort. Schoenbr.,” Vol. HI, p. 15, t. 278 (1798).

The other two specimens, marked * A,” 1 do not match with any species at Kew.

Sheet 7 contains two specimens of what is probably an undescribed species, which is

the same as Pearson No. 5181 (from the southern slopes of Pikinier’s Pass).

Sheets 0 and ¢ contain specimens that I believe to belong to M. tuberosum, Linn.

Sheet ¢ contains two specimens of a new species allied to M. arboriforme, Burch., but

has shorter and stouter leaves, and the branches of the cyme diverge at a smaller angle,

but it is scarcely in good enough condition to describe from,

167

Neither of the specimens belong to M. wmbellatum, Linn., and | am unable to say

to which of the localities he gives the various specimens belong. He states that they

grew in the Karroo between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Berg, and in the Karroo

beyond Hartequas Kloof.

M. uncinatum, Thunb., ` Fl. Cap.,” p. 420.

One sheet, containing four specimens, three of which belong to M. wncinatum, Linn..,

Sp. Pl.” ed. 1, p. 483 (1753) ;. M. uncinellum, Haw., ~ Rev.,” p. 125 (1821).

These specimens are identical with Rehmann No. 2844 (from Verkeerde Vley, in the

Ceres Division).

The foarth specimen is a scrap of M. villosum, L. (M. Eekloms, Salm Dyck, `` Mesemb..,’’

$ 49, fig. 5). evidently accidentally mixed with the other specimens.

Thunberg collected JM. wneinatum on the Karroo between the Olifants River and

the Bokkeveld Mountains.

M. verruculatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 435.

One sheet, containing three specimens, all belonging to different species, neither of

which is M. rerruculatum, Linn.

Thunberg gives two descriptions, and states in one (description a) grows in the

Karroo between the Olifants River and the Bokkeveld, and the other (deseription G) at

Hantam.

The lower specimen on the sheet, which seems to fit description `` a,” has been marked

“3” by Sonder, and quoted by him as being JM. veruculoides, Sond. But it is not the

plant described by him under that name, his description having been made from a plant

collected by Zeyher. Thunberg’s specimen is not determinable.

The middle specimen on the sheet is M. glaucum, Linn.

The upper specimen is different from either of the others, and consists of a piece of a

stout, prostrate, leafy, purple stem without flowers. It is identical with Wolley Dod’s

specimens Nos. 2420 and 3663 (from Lion’s Head, near Capetown), which I have not

identified. |

Besides these enumerated above, Thunberg’s Herbarium contains four sheets that

are unnamed by Thunberg, one of them being named by Sonder. The following is my

identification of these :—

M. caninum, Lam., “ Encycl.,” Vol. II, p. 487 (1786).

One sheet, labelled on the back as from Upsala Botanic Garden.

M. noctiflorum, Linn.

One specimen, labelled “ Caroo infra Bockland.” |

A EE ee is without information on the sheet, may possibly be M. spectabile,

Haw., “ Obs.,” p. 385 (1795).

M. eee in op Pi. ed. N, p. 483 (1759).

M. Ecklonis, Salm Dyck, `` Mesemb.,” § 49, fig. 5 (after 1836).

One specimen, stated on the back of the sheet to have been collected at the Cape of

Good Hope.

It is correctly named M. Ecklonis by Sonder. which so exactly agrees with the original

description of M. villosum under the name of “ Mesembr -yanthemum caule foliisque

pubescentibus * in Linnaeus, “ Hortus Oliffortianus,” p. 216, as quoted in his `` Species

Plantarum,” that 1 have no doubt whatever of its identity with that plant, although there

is no specimen of M, villoswm in the Linnean Herbarium,

168

PAGE PAGE

Aizoon hispanicum,.Linn.........-....- 146, 159 Mesembryanthemum criniflorum, Linn. f.,

jy mucropnyilum, Bartl............ 02.9» 155 Thunb... cae eee 152, 157,

Conophytum truncatum, N.E.Br.:............ 165 159

falenia filiformis, N.E.Br...... ao oi, Sica ees 155 3 crystalinum, Tinn.,

7 ranermariaefolia, Fenzl......22. 25255 >. 155 Thunh .. oe 152

Glottiphyllum longum, N.E.Br..............- 157 ef crystallophanes, Eckl. &

Mesembryanthemum acinaciforme, Linn.... 145, 156 AAR HE. EER 145

io aculeatum, N.F.Br....... 163 re cymbiforme, Haw........ 162

ss Attonis, Jacq....... 145, 146, ee debile, Hawi). UR N goe —.

160 es decussatum, Thunb... 152, 153

albidum, Linn., Thunb... 145 = defoliatum, Haw......... 164

anatomicum, Haw....... 154 a deltoides, Linn., Thunb... 153

angulatum, Thunb.... 145, 160 ? denticulatum, Haw....... 153

angulatum. var. gracile, difforme, Linns Tyee toa

had. EL 146 difforme, Thunb......... 153

angulatum var. ovatum, digutatum, Ait... assis 153

SONG... bis Cores eee Pe digitiforme, Thunb...... 153

apetalum, Linn. f..... 146, 159 a dissimile, N.E.Br........ 157

arboriforme, Burch...... 166 dolabriforme, Linn....... 153

articulatum, Thunb.. 146, 147. dolabriforme, Thunb..... 158

162 echinatum, Ait... sae 161

auratum, Sond.......... 148 Ecklonis, Salm Dyck.... 167

aureum, Linn..........- 148 edule, Linn., Thunb..... 154

aureum, Thunb......... 148 elongatum, Eckl. & Zevh. 160

harbatum, Berger........ 148 emarcidum, Thunb...... 154

barbatum, Haw.......... 148 emarginatum, Linn..

barbatum, Linn.......... 148 Thunb...; vu IE 154

barbatum, Thunb........ 148 erectum, Huw... «setae 155

‘4 hellidiflorum, Thunb..... 148 erigeriflorum, Jacq...... 150

ry llidifoliu m” (?), exigu um, NEBr... . 153

lord. This. on. «.e 148 expansum, D. Cas 157

`* bicolor,’ Herb. Thunb. 149 ad expansum, Linn,..... 154, 157,

hicolorum, Thunb........ 149 165

brachiatum, Ait......... 152 Ë expansum, Thunb....... 154

bracteatum, Ait....... 149, 162 erpersum, N.K.Br....... 158

brevifolium, Ait...... 149, 150, a falcatum, Linn, Es 164

156 a falcatum, Thunb......... 154

brevifolium, Haw., and fasciculatum, Tbunb.. 154, 165

VAL. Ries voe N ee h fastigiatum, Haw........ 155

brevifolium, Sond........ 156 si fastigiatum, Thunb... .... 155

calamiforme, L.......... 149 felinum, Hill... 161

calcareum, Marl......... 163 ` filicaule, Haw... c.seetee 152

calycinum, Haw......... 156 filiforme, Thunh......... 155

citidena, Taw, ...%4h.5« 3% 156 : floribundum, Haw....... 156

caninum, Lam.......... 167 # forficatum, Thunb.... 145, 156

ca pense, Houtt. ex Thunb. 161 x yeniculitlorum, Linn.,

capillare, Linn. f..... 149, 150 Thunb.:...i TN 153, 156

capillare, Thunb..... 149, 156 glaucum, “Linn., Thunb... 156,

ciliatum, Ait., Thunb.... 151 167

clavatum, Haw.......... 157 gromeralum, Salm Dvyck. —

clavatum, Jacq.......... 164 gracile, Haw......3 = =e 164

coccineum, Haw......... 149 2 gramineum, Haw.......- 157

collinum, Sond.......... 158 Z granulicaule, Haw....... 147

copticum, Jacq.......... 146 ie Haeckelianum, Berger... 160

copticum, Linn.......... 159 /o hispidum, Linn.......++> 167

- corallinwm, Thunb....... 151 - hispidum, Thunb........ 156

rn cordifolium,. Linn. f., N hipsidum (7), Hb. Thunb. 156

Tak... ELE 152 ” intonsum, Haw........ ieee)

crassifolium, Linn.... 154, 158 Pe junceum, Haw......... , 147

m crassifolium, Thunb,.,,, 162 i lacerum, Haw,...++++++5 184 —

dié)

PAGE

Mesembryanthemum laeve, Thunb............ 157

ss lanceum, Thunb...... 167. ash)

165

laterzflorum, D. C........ 0 —

hmpidum, Ait...,....... 152

iineare, Thunb... 22... You

linguaeforme, Thunb..... 157

; linguiforme, Linn........ 157

longum, Haw... .. bs Se. 157

a loveum, LAWN. SS SEG 158

loreum, Thunb.......... 158

micans, Linn., Thunb. 156, 158

montliforme, Thunb...... 158

murinum, Haw...... ae LO

mustellinum, Haw....... 161

muavules Hawe Se 149

namaquense, Sond....... 153

noctiflorum, Linn., Thunb. 158,

167

nodiflorum, Linn., Thunb. 159

ovatums Fhunb.... ss: 157s 159

160

papuliferum, D. C....... 155

papulosum, Linn. f... 146, 160

parviflorum, Jacq........ 166

pinnatifidum, Linn. f.,

EED SS eS ie. Re 160

pinnatum, Thunb........ 160

plenifolium, N.E.Br..... 155

polyanthon, Haw........ 164

polyanthon, Salm Dyck. 164

pomeridianum, Linn.,

ii ER oe 152, 161

praecultum, N.E.Br...... 156

productum, Haw......... 164

pruinoswm, Thunb...... 161

pugioniforme, Houtt.. 152, 161

pugioniforme, Linn...... 161

pugioniforme, Thunb.... 161

pyropaeum, Haw..... 152, 157

TEDEERS Id. 3 sd SA vd 82

#ingens, Thunbs.:........ 161

roseum, Willd...... siese 156

rostratum, Linn...... 153, 161

sabulosum, Thunb....... 161

Er . NOTIN. N ts 162

Mesembryanthemum

””

Tirichocyclus, N.E.B

—

acabrum. TEnnb..... ese

secundum, Thunb..... 147,

serratum, Linn..........

serratum, Thunhb........

sessile, Thunb........ 150,

spathulatum, Thunb... ..

spathulatum, Willd... 152,

spathulifolium, Berger...

spectabile, Haw.:.......

spinosum, Linn...... 163,

spinosum, Thunb........

splendens, Linn., Thunb.

stellugerum, Haw........

stipulaceum, Linn.......

stipulaceum, Thunb.....

stratum, NE Br... de

subglobosum, Haw.......

subincanum, Haw.......

tenutfolium, Linn..... 162,

tenuifolium, Thunb......

testiculare, Ait., Thunb..

tetragonwm, Moench.....

tetragonum, Thunb... 154,

Thunbergu, Haw........

tortuosum, Linn., Thunb.

trichotomum, Thunb.....

ticolor. Sims. G22...

trveolor, Walld. ee. 152.

tripolium, Linn....... 154,

trigolium, Thunb..... 157,

truncatum, Thunb.... 165,

tuberosum, Linn.........

tuberosum, Thunb.......

wmbellatum, Linn........

umbellatum, Thunb......

uncinatum, Linn., Thunb.

uncinellum, Haw........

Para HLA Whos es ok ae

verruculatum, Linn......

verruculatum, Thunb.. °.

veruculoides, Sond.......

vollosum, DS. see sd 6s)

voeldeewis W. Coss cmc SEL

SEE go GOOD ED OO

he cilratus, N.BBr

166

SOUTH AFRICAN GRAMINEAE.

A NEW GENUS AND SEVEN NEW SPECIES.

By SYDNEY M. STENT.

Mosdenia. (Genus novo. Tragus similis sed glumae emuricatae, subaeguales

spiculae solitariae. Folia eciliata.

Mosdenia waterbergensis. Stent. (Pl. 1.)

Gramen perenne, basim decumbente stolonifere ; stolones cataphyllibus brevibus

dense imbricatis obtecti. Jnovationes intravaginales, vaginis brevis et foliis distichis.

Culmi ascendentes 60-90 cm. longi, simplices, vel ad nodes inferiores ramosi; internodii

breviter exserti. Foliorwm vaginae teres, arctae, striatae, glabrae, laeves, laminis

pallidiores ; ligulae brevis 0:5-0:3 mm. membranaceae ; laminae lineares ad 12 cm. longae,

5 mm. latae, glaucescentes, glabrae. Spica cylindrica, densa, spiculis solitarus nodos

tomentosos rachis ferentibus: rachis. striata, scabris. Spiculae 3:75 mm. longae,

uniflorae, anguste lineares, subfalcatae, glabrae, praeter basem crassum minute-pilosum ;

glumae subequales, inferior paulo longior et latiore, navicularis, falcata, rigide membranacea ;

carina virida prominente, superior idem sed angustior et strictior; valva 3 mm. longa,

hvalina. 1-3 nervosa; palea subaequale. Stamina 3. Styli distinct, breves; lodiculae

truncatae, ovarium subaequantes.

Perennial prostrate ascending, rool-stock stoloniferus, stolons covered with short,

dry, densely imbricate cataphylls. /novation shoots intravaginal with short sheaths

and distichously-arranged leaves. Culms ascending 60-90 cm. high, simple or branched

from the lower nodes. internodes shortly exserted, leafy towards the base. Leaf sheaths

terete, tight, striate, glabrous, paler than the blades, smooth; ligule short 0-5-0-3 mm.

membranous: blades linear, tapering to an acute or sub-acute point, up to

12 em. long x 5 mm. broad, bluish-green, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous on the margins,

without a distinct midrib, rounded or slightly eared at the base. Inflorescence a siagle

dense spike, the sessile spikelets arranged singly on minutely and densely tomentose notches,

in whorls or spirals round a common ribbed and scabrid axis, from which they fall entire.

Spikelets 3:75 mm. long, 1-flowered, glabrous except at the minutely hairy thickened

base, narrow linear, subfalcate ; glumes subequal to equal. lower slightly longer and

broader than the upper, boat-shaped, curved, rigidly membranous. with a prominent :

vreen scabrid keel : upper like the lower but narrower and straighter ; valve aboat 3 mm.

long, delicately hyaline, 1-nerved or sub 3-nerved; pale nearly equalling the valve. a

Stamens 3. Ovary ovate ; style short, distinct ; lodicules truncate, about as large as the :

ovary.

On sand-veld, Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg. Transvaal, Galpin M. 447;

Rooikop, Springbok Flats, Pole Evans. 3

This grass was first noticed by Mr. Galpin on his farm Mosdene, and later was collected

by Dr. Pole Evans on the farm Rooikop. The latter reports the grass as growing plentifally

but being, on account of its short herbage, of little agricultural value,

Plate T,

Upper glume.

F.—Pistil and stamens, G,—Grain,

Mosdenia Waterbergens

B.—Lower glume. C.---

A, -Spikelet.

172

Eragrostis valida, Stent.

Gramen perenne, dense caespitosum : rhizoma obliqua. Culmi erecti, glabri, validi,

120-150 em. longi, internodiis inclusis; nodis paucis. Foliorum vaginae longae, arctae

imbricatae, glabrescentes, inferiores 26 cm. longae, dense hirsutae, plerumque purpureae ;

laminae lineares longe tenuiterque, acutatae, ad 60 cm. longae, 7 mm. latae, glabrae, sed

post ligulos piliis longiis mollibus tectis, planae, rigidae. supra asperulae, infra, laevae ;

ligulae ad marginem dense ciliatum redactae. Panicula patula vel contracta ad 30 cm.

longa, rhachibus sulcatis minute scaberulis: ram subverticillati vel fasciculati, prope

basim divise, ramuli breves spiculis pedicellis brevibus-appressis. Sprculae griseo-olivaceae,

lineares, ad 6:25 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, 5-7 floribus; rhachilla subpersistens tandem

disarticulata ; glumae subaeguales, acutae, carinis scabris, superior paulo longior ; valvae

obtusae circa 2 mm. longae ; paleae truncatae, carinis scabris; antherae 3 mm. longae ;

caryopsis oblonga, 0:3 mm. longa, fusca, dorsa concava.

Perennial densely tufted on an oblique rhizome. Culms erect, glabrous, simple, stout,

4-5 feet high, and sheathed for almost their entire length, few noded. Sheaths long, the

lower ones up to 26 cm. long, tight. imbricating, softly hairy with tubercle based hairs

or glabrescent ; blades linear, tapering to a fine point, up to 60 cm. long x 7 mm. broad,

olabrous except for the long soft hairs at the base behind the lgtle, smooth below, finely

scaberulous above, finely ribbed, flat and rather rigid ; ligule a short densely ciliate rim.

Panicle open or contracted up to 30 em. long; rachis sulcate, minutely scaberulous, with

olandular swellings in the axils of the branches; branches subverticillate or fascicled,

divided from near the base. Spikelets on short pedicels, more or less appressed to the

short branchlets, dark-greyish or olive-green, up to 6:23 mm. long x 2 mm. broad, linear,

5-7-flowered, rachilla sub-persistent, ultimately breaking up: glumes subequal, acute,

scabrid on the keel, lower 2 mm. long, upper slightly longer; valves obtuse, 2 mm. or

slightly longer, side nerves reaching beyond the middle: pale truncate, with broad flaps

and scabrid keels ; anthers 3 mm. long; grain oblong, quadrangular, 0:3 mm. long, brown,

concave or grooved on the back.

Maritzburg, Natal, Angus 2 (Govt, Herb, 13862).

Near to &. curvala var. valida, but a stouter, coarser grass, with long, tight sheaths

that enclose the clums, the lower ones very hairy and long, usually of a purplish colour,

Mr. Angus says of this grass: “A big, coarse variety that grows very erect, has a

dark purple stem, which is covered thickly with hairs, and is, if anything, better relished

by cattle than No. 3 (E. curvala) . . . apparently good feeding, as cattle get into

good condition whilst feeding on them.”

Schizachyrium inclusum, Stent. (Pl. II.)

Gramen annuum. Culm? erecti, simplices, circa 75 cm. longi, 5-nodi, glabri, nodis

inferioribus brevissimis teretibus vel subcompressis. Foliorum vaginae laxae, carinae

vlabrae laeves ; ligulae membranaceae, ad 0-75 mm. tongae, minute fimbriatae ; laminae

lineares, base paulo constricti, glabrae, sed post ligulam pilis longis paucis tectis, 6-10 cm.

longae, 2:3 cm. latae, longe attenuatae, apicibus obtuses vel subacutis, planae, vel

complicatae, plerumque rubescentes. Panicula spuria longa, angusta, exigua; rami

oraciles; spathae 3-5 cm. longae, angustae rabescentes laminas minutas apicibus

verentes ; pedunculi communes graciles, clavati. Racemi 2-nati, in spathis inelusi,

2-5 em. longi, ad circa 6 articuli: articuli 3:5 mm. longi, aliquantum concavi, cuneati,

apici cupuliforme dentato, 1 mm. longo, breviter ciliati, aliogui glabri: pedicelh articulis

aequales, complanati, lineares, breviter et parce ciliati, apicibus 2-dentatis. Spicula

sessilis inter articalum pedicellumque a latere admodum compressa, 4 mm. longa, callo

1 mm. longo, barbato; gluma inferior chartacea, marginibus hyalinis, dorso convexa,

upicem versas bi-carinata et asperula, nervebus intra-carinis 4-5; gluma superior

cymbiforma acuta, I-nerves, breviter mucronata, inferne sabchartacea, apicem versus

membranacea, vel fere hyalina: valva inferior linear oblonga, hyalina, vacua, 2-3 mm,

Plate 11.

i d & ————

t -

MIE Fries

1 c 4 $ iy.

Schizachyrium inclusum, Stent.

A.—One joint of raceme with sessile and pedicelled spikelets.

3.—Reduced pedicelled spikelet and pedicel.

SESSILE SPIKELET, C.—Lower glume. D.—Upper gtume. E.—Lower valve. F.—Upper valve. G.—Grain.

174

longa ; valva superior admodum biloba, segmentis linearibus obtusis minute eiliatis ; palea

desunt ; caryopsis linear, acuta, 3 mm. longa. Spicula pedicellata gluma brevissima redacta,

mucrone 3:5 mm. longo.

Annual. Culms erect, simple, 75 cm. high, about 5-noded, glabrous, lower internodes

very short, terete, or sub-compressed. Leaf sheaths loose, keeled glabrous, smooth ;

ligules membranous, up to 0:75 mm. long, minutely fimbriate : «blades linear, slightly

constricted at the junction of the sheath, scaberulous on the margins; glabrous except for

a few long, white, tubercled based hairs at the base behind the ligule, 2-3 mm. broad,

6-10 cm. long, gradually tapering to an obtuse or sub-acute point, flat or folded, usually _

turning reddish. False panicle long, narrow, and séanty. Spathes on sub-capillary |

branches about 2 cm. long, slender scarious, rusty red towards the tips, up to 3:5 em. long 4

and 2 mm. broad folded, tipped with a minute undeveloped leaf. Racemes very slender

on short upward clavate peduncles, entirely included, or only partially exserted from .

the spathes, 2:5 cm. long and about 6-jointed, joints 3:5 mm. long, widening upwards, |

somewhat concave, with a toothed cupuliform appendage 1 mm. long, shortly and sparsely .

ciliate, otherwise glabrous. Pedicles as long as the joints, flattened, linear, 2-toothed at |

apex, shortly and sparsely ciliolate on the margins. Sessile spikelets linear, laterally |

compressed, convex on the back, 4 mm. long, bearded callus 1 mm. long; glumes equal,

lower chartaceous with thinly membranous margins, rounded on the back, 2-keeled and

scaberulous towards the 2-toothed tip, sparsely ciliate on the margins, intra-carinal nerves

4-5; upper boat-shaped, acute, 1-nerved, nerve extending into a short mucro, thinly

chartaceous in the lower part becoming thinly membranous to almost hyaline upwards ;

lower floret reduced to a linear oblong, hyaline, nerveless valve 2-3-3 mm. long; upper

Horet ¥ , valve deeply bifid to below the middle, segments linear, obtuse, minutely ciliolate,

pale wanting, grain linear, acute, 3 mm. long. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to one very |

small glume, terminating in a mucro 3:5) mm. long.

Enterprise, Rhodesia, Lyles 1646.

This species is founded on one specimen sent by Mr. Eyles. The specimen is a good

one and quite complete, but it is obvious that more material of the same species might

show trifling variations in measurements, etc., and possibly the culms may be branched.

Enneapogon pretoriensis, Stent. (PI. HI.) b

Gramen perenne. Culm erecti, simplices, 30-60 em. longi, glabri vel internodi

inferiores hirsuti. Foliorum vaginae supra arctae, glabrae; laminae anguste, lineares,

plerumque convolutae, 18 cm. longae. 2-5 mm. latae. Panieula angusta, ovata; rama

solitarii longiores ad 15 mm. longi, internodi rachis inferiores ad 14 mm. longi, supefiores |

deminuenti. Spiculae 5 mm. longae; glumae eguales vel subeguales, breve pilosae,

apicibus truncatis fulvis : valvae inferiorae dorsis vilosae, ventris glabrae, sed, lobis basin

filis patentibus fimbriatae ; aristae plumosae, 3-3-5 mm. longae; palae 4 mm. longae,

hirsutae. ‘

Perennial. Culms fascicled on a short oblique rhizome, erect, simple, wiry and slender,

30-60 cm. high, glabrous or often shortly hairy at and below the lower nodes, 1—2-noded.

Sheaths tight except the basal ones, glabrous, finely ribbed ; blades narrow, linear, convolute

or flat, finely pubescent above, up to 18 em. long x 2:5 mm. broad, finely ribbed, with

1-2 lateral nerves on either side the midrib. Panicle contracted, ovate ; branches scattered,

lower about 14 mm. apart, upper increasingly nearer to each other. Spikelets crowded,

sessile or shortly pedicelled, about 5 mm. long ;_ glumes equal to'subegual. shortly hairy,

greyish, rust coloured at the truncate tips; lower rather broader and 7—9-nerved ; upper

narrow, 5-nerved, nerves mostly evanescent above; lower valve 1 line long (excluding

awns), villous on back from base to near the middle, glabrous on inner surface except

for ring of patent hairs at base of awns; awns plumose to beyond middle, 3-3-5 mm. long,

subequal, tips bare and scabrid ; pale 4 mm. long, shortly and sparsely hairy on the back,

villous on the flaps, and ciliolate on the keel; anthers 2 mm. long. 14

Plate ITT.

Enneapogon Pretoriensis, Stent.

A.—Spikelet. B.—Lower glume. C.—Upper glume. D—Valve. E.—Pale.

F.—Pistil and stamens with lodicules.

176

Pretoria, Wonderboom, Burtt-Davy 8905; northern slopes of Magaliesberg, Fouche i

(Of little economic value.)

Near to E. scoparius, from which it differs chiefly in the laxer and more distantly

branched panicle and broader leaves.

Eragrostis Burttdavii, Stent. .

Gramen perenne, dense caespitosum, rhizomate repente pluribus dense . confertis

brevibus innovationibus. Culm? geniculati, 840 cm. longi, glabri, 1-2 nodi, internodia

exserta. Foliorum vaginae glabrae, tenuiter sulcatae, inferior laxae, breves, latae.

Laminae glabrae, lineares, culmorum, 7 cm. longae, 2 mm. latae, innovationium angustiores

et breviores, planae vel convolutae, apicem versus flexuosae. Panicula ovata, ad 10 em..

longa, 7 cm. lata ; rami solitarii vel 2-nati, gracili, flexuosi ; ramulosi 2-4 spiculis. Spreulae

4 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, 6-9 florae ; gluma inferior 0-75 mm. longa, obtusa, superior

1-25 mm. longa, sabobtusa ; valvae 1-5 mm. longae, obtusa, s EE violaceae, apicibus

flavibus ; palea valvam aequans, truncata, marginibus late inflexis.

Perennial, densely caespitose, on a creeping rhizome with many densely crowded,

short innovation shoots. Culms geniculate, 8-40 em. high, glabrous, 1-2-noded, internodes

exserted. Sheaths glabrous, fine ly ribbed, tight except the lower ones, which are broader,

stout and loose : ligules a fringe of hairs. Leaf blades glabrous, linear, tapering to a fine

point, those of the culm 2 mm. x 7 cm., those of the innovation shoots narrower and

shorter, finely ribbed, midrib scarcely broader than the lateral veins, flat or convolute

and flexuous in the upper part. Panicle ovate, up to 10 x 7 cm.; branches solitary or

or 2-nate, undivided from 2-14 mm. above the base; rachis scaberulous or smooth,

flexuous : branchlets 2-4 spikulate ; pedicels 2-4 mm. long. Sprkelets linear, lanceolate,

about 4: 2 mm., 6-9-flowered : glumes unequal, lower 0-75 mm. long, obtusa, upper

1-25 mm. subobtuse ; valves 1-5 mm. long, obtuse, scaberulous, purple, with light yellowish

tips ; side nerves fine, extending to beyond the middle ; pale equalling the valve, truncate,

scaberulous, flaps broad ; anthers 3, up to 1 mm. long.

Very near to #. bicolor, Nees ; but with a shorter and, in comparison, broader panicle

and rather broader spikelets.

Bloemhof. Transvaal, Burtt-Dary 10506; Great Karasbere, Pearson in Bolus Herb. 8480.

4 8;

Eragrostis Galpinii, Stent. (PI. IV.) .

Gramen perenne. Culm? fasciculati, rhizomate repente, erecti, vel geniculato-

ascendentes, glabri, ad 90 cm. longi, plari nodi, nodi inferiores brevi; culmorum bases

et rhizomata cataphyllibus brevibus et scariosibus obtecta. Foliorum vaginae laxae,

striatae. inferiores carmatae et compressae ; laminae angustae, lineares, ad 15 cm. longae,

” mm. latae, apicibus angustis abtusis, planae, vel complicatae, rigidae, glabrae. Panicula

late oblonga vel pyramidalia, patula, laxa ad 20 cm. lata, 20 em. longa; rami solitarii,

inferiores distantes ramulos 1-3 cm. e basi gerentes. Spiculae fere secundae ad 23 mm.

longae, 2:5 mm. latae, circa 10-30 florae ; rhachilla flexuosa, primo persistente ; glumae

subequales, inferiores 1-5 mm., superiores, 2 mm. longae, minute asperulae ; valvae purpureae,

subacutae, omnino minute scabridae; palea acute, hyalina inter carinas rigide-ciliatas ;

stvli distincti: lodiculi truncati; antherae 1:3 mm. longae.

Perennial. Culms fascicled on a creeping rhizome, erect or geniculate- ascending,

simple or branched, glabrous, slender, up to 3 feet high, many-noded, “internodes included,

or shortly exserted, or the upper most sometimes long exserted, lower short; bases of

culms and rhizomes covered with short, scarious scales. Sheaths loose, striate, "the lower

ones sub-compressed and keeled, glabrous except at the often long-bearded mouth; ligule

a ciliate membranous rim ; blades narrow, linear, up to 5 mm. broad x 15 em. long. tapering dd

to a narrow, rounded point. flat or folded, rather firm, glabrous, smooth below except ~

towards the tips, finely scaberulous above. Panicle broadly “oblong or pyramidal, spreading, —

lax up to 20 em. broad x 20cm. long, branches solitary, lower ones rather distant, pei ar

Plale TV.

SSS

Hragrostis Galpinti, Stent.

A.—Branchlet showing flexous persistent rhachillac. B.—Spikelet. C.—Lower glume.

D.—Upper glume. E.—Valve. F.—Pale. G.—Pistil and stamens with lodicules. H.—Grain.

lis

unbranched for from 1-3 cm. from the base, up to 11 cm. long; branchlets spreading, the

lowest pair of the lowest branches usually close together sub 2-nate, the upper ones gradually

shorter and solitary, less divided and with fewer spikelets and often secund and scabrid ;

quite ‘glabrous, without or with few hairs in the axils. Spikelets linear, up to

23 mm. long x 2:5 mm. wide, and 10-30-flowered, rachilla at first persistent ; glumes

subequal, lower 1:5 mm. long, upper 2 mm. long, 1-nerved, minutely scabrid on nerve;

valves over 2 mm., purplish, sub-acute, 3-nerved, side nerves long, minutely scabrid all

over; pale acute: rigidly ciliate on the keels, scabrid, nearly equalling the valve, hyaline

between the rigidly ciliate keels ; ovary oval; style distinct ; lodicules truncate. Stamens 3 ;

anthers 1:3 mm. long: grain ovoid, rounded ; embryo small.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin 456; Warmbaths, Burit-Davy 1149;

near Nylstroom, Burtt-Davy 2034; Le taba River , Zoutpansberg, Junod, Govt. Herb., 4673.

Near to EF. gangelica, from which it differs in the widely spreading panicle, longer

branchlets, and fewer spikelets.

Tristachya pedicellata, Stent.

Gramen perenne, caespitosum, rhizomate obliquo. Culmi validi, ad 120 em. longi,

olabri, laeves, 1-3 modi. Foliorum vaginae aliquantum arctae, striatae, glabrae, sed

inferiores villosulae ; laminae lineares, planae, 15-23 cm. longae, 6-8 mm. latae, glabrae,

rigidae, supra asperulae, infra laeves. Panicula contracta, nodi inferiores pilosi; rams

ad 5 cm. longi, saepe multo minus, superiores saepe nihilo redacti. Gluma, inferior, rigide,

3-nervosa, 13 mm. longa, 4mm. lata, glabra, laeves, ovata, subacuta ; superior, 24 mm. longa,

4-5 mm. lata, apice obtusa. Valva inferior, 7-nerva, 20 mm. longa, glabra, obtusa, laevis ;

antherae 8 min. longae ; lodiculae 1:3 mm. longae, 0-8 mm. latae ; palea brevior. Valva

superior, ad 12 mm. longa, 7-9 nerva, mucrones 2 loborum lateralium breves ; arista media

valida, ad 6:5 cm. longa: palea apice acute.

Compactly caespitose on oblique rhizoms. Culms stout, up to 120 cm., glabrous,

smooth, 1-3-noded, internodes exserted. Leaf sheaths somewhat tight, finely ribbed and

glabrous, except the lowest, which are loose and finely and appressedly hairy between the

ribs ; blades linear, tapering to an acute point, 15-23 em. long x 6-8 mm. wide, glabrous,

rigid, flat, scabrid above and on the cartilaginous margins, smooth below. Panicle con-

tracted, scanty; rachis smooth, with oblique, membranous and hairy scales around the

lower nodes; branches up to 5 cm. long, often much shorter, the upper so much reduced

that the triplets of spikelets appear to be sessile on the rachis. Pedicels distinct, 2-4 mm.

long. Lower glume strongly 3- sub 5-nerved, with a few irregular, oblique, transverse

veins, 13 mm. long x 4 mm. wide (flattened out), glabrous, smooth, ovate, subacute ;

upper 3-nerved, 24 mm. long x 4:5 mm. wide (flattened), narrowing to an obtuse apex,

a few irregulur oblique veins connecting the nerves in the upper part, glabrous and smooth. |

/ ower valve i-nerved, 3 nerves percurrent, 20 mm. long, glabrous, smooth, obtuse ; anthers

8 mm. long; lodiculs 1-3 mm. long x 0-8 mm. broad; palea 14 mm. long, with scabrid

keels and bifil tips, lobes acute. Upper floret 12 mm. long, with long-bearded callus 4 mm. ;

valve 12 mm long, 7- sub 9-nerved in the upper part, hairy, bifid, awned from between

the lobes; awn 6:5 cm.; lobes including short mucro 4 mm.; palea ae acute scabrid keels,

very narrow between the keels, 9 mm. long; stamens 3; style distinct ; ovary trigonous ;

lodicules lanceolate, 2 mm. long; caryops long, narrow, cylindrical, up to 7 mm. long,

erooved on the face ; embryo 2 mm. long.

Near to Tristachya rehmanni, from which it differs chiefly in the pedicelled spikelets,

the short bristles of the upper valve and in the broader leaves.

Waterberg (Transvaal): Warmbaths, Natinal Herbarium, Burtt-Davy 1144;

Naboomspruit, Galpin 428.

mee UNGUS OF ECONOMIC “IMPORTANCE

ON THE AVOCADO

(Persea Americana).

By EK. M. Dorper.

CoMPARATIVELY little is known about the fungous diseases to which the Avocado is subject.

In Florida it is said to suffer from certain leaf and fruit spot diseases caused by a

Colletotrichum sp., and the young growth is attacked by a scab fungus said to be identical

with Cladosporium citri, but none of these fungi is recorded as attacking the twigs and larger

limbs.

During 1921 it was reported from Louis Trichardt that certain Avocado trees were in

a very bad state, and that spraying with bordeaux mixture had proved quite ineffectual.

The twigs which were sent for examination were covered with minute pustules, the fruiting

bodies of an ascomycete, and as none of the diseased wood had been excised previous to

spraying it was not surprising that the inroads of the fungus had not been checked. Asa

consequence the trees had become so badly cankered that it was impossible to remove all

the diseased bark without seriously affecting the vitality of the trees, and at this stage

it was impossible to arrest the progress of the malady.

SYMPTOMS.

The effect of the fungus on the twigs and limbs of the Avocado is very similar to that

produced by Physalospora cydoniae on the limbs and twigs of apple trees.

In the earlier stages of infection the bark becomes sunken and discoloured; the

diseased area increases in size, and gradually girdle the twig or branch, so causing the

death of the terminal portion. Branches, 2-3 inches in diameter, are killed in this way.

and extensive cankers are produced on the larger limbs and the trunk. The bark of the

cankered areas is dark-coloured and sunken, the boundary between the healthy and diseased

tissue being marked by a raised, reddish-brown line. As the bark is destroyed it dries

out and cracks horizontally, eventually falling away from the wood, which has become dead

and discoloured. Numerous fruiting pustules of the pathogen may be observed scattered

over the diseased areas of the bark.

The fruits on the diseased trees are affected, showing a corky growth at the lower

end, which may possibly be due to the same fungus (but this fact has not been established,

as it was not possible to obtain trees in bearing for inoculation purposes). The affected

area 1s irregular in form and varies in size. On fruits examined it was roughly 10 x 5 cm.

and 4x 5 cm. The surface is very much roughened, verona. brown (Ridgway) in colour,

and deeply cracked, after the fashion of tortoise-shell.

This affection of the fruit is apparently identical with one which occurs in Florida

and is mentioned in a paper by H. E. Stevens, published in the ‘ Proceedings of the

Florida State Horticultural Society ` for 1918. His description is as follows: ‘ Another

common type of injury frequently noted on the fruits is referred to as anthracnose by

some of the growers. This type of injury is very similar to melanose of citrus fruits in

general appearance. It is superficial, and appears in the form of dark reddish-brown, caked

masses on the surface of affected fruits. The markings are hard, compact, and the surface

is cracked or broken. The injury may cover only a part or the whole surface of the fruit.

It makes an unsightly fruit, but apparently does not affect the quality. The disease is

apparently caused by a fungus, perhaps a Gloeosporium or a closely related species.”

180

MorRPSOLOGY.

Perithecia have been found on cankered areas of the twigs of the Avocado pear (Persea

Americzna). Thev are usually scattered, standing separate from one another. Sometimes,

however, thev occur in small groups of two to four, and occasionally thev have been found

so closely crowded as to form a pseudo-stroma, bat no true stroma has been observed.

They are buried in the cortical tissues, but at maturity the papillate ostiole breaks through

to the surface and protrudes slightly.

The form of a typical perithecium is shown in fig. J, which is a camera-lucida drawing

from a medial longitudinal section. The form is subglohose or broadly ellipsoid, 130-190 u.

in the horizontal diameter and 100-120 in the vertical diameter. The average dimensions

are about 170 4 & 100 mm.

Fig. 1.

Section through a perithecium of Physalospora perseac.

The wall is differentiated into two layers: the thickness of the outer layer is variable

being thinner or almost absent at the base, and thickest at the sides near the base, where

it is 16-24 nu thick. The pseudo-cells are brown, polygonal, 4-5 » in diameter, or somewhat

flattened. Within this there is an inner layer of delicate, colourless, compressed hyphae

of much more uniform thickness.

The papilla is usually central, bat may be oblique : it is 80-100 u long and 30-50 u in

diameter, and its walls show two distinct layers similar to those observed in the sides of the

perithecium ; the ostiole appears in section as a narrow passage between the walls of the

papilla. The asci interspersed with paraphyses fill the cavity of the perithecium, and

there are numerous thread-like periphyses lining the neck and the inside of the papilla.

—_—e >”

my EET OE” ET

181

The asci are abundant. usually clavate, sometimes tending to the cylindrical or curved,

80-100 u x 18-23 u. eight-spored ; they are slightly thickened round the apex, but no canal

or apical pore could be observed. The asci do not stain blue with iodine; they disappear

rapidly at maturity, so that one rarely finds an entire ascus containing mature spores ;

the wall of the ascus seems to break down as soon as the spores are mature.

The ascospores are more or less distichous, hyaline, ellipsoid or subfusoid, tapering

abruptly at each end to a blunt apex, 20-21 4 x 8-10 u. There are two to three large

oil drops in each spore which stain pink with Guéguen’s triple stain, the rest of the spore

stains a deep blue.

Fig. 2.

Asci and spores of Physalusp. ra perseae.

Fig. 3.

Section through two pycnidia.

Pyenidia are found on some of the stem cankers in the place of perithecia or are

interspersed with them. The pycnidia are single or in small groups: some are spherical or

sub-spherical with a distinct papilla, that is to say, they are similar to the perithecia :

others are conical, spherical or elongated, without a papilla (fig. 3). They are formed

under the epidermis or in the cortical tissues, and are erumpent at maturity. The horizontal

diameter is 120-130 u, vertically they measure 70-187 u, and there is a double wall, the

two layers being similar to those described in the perithecia. From the inner wall arises

182

the spore-bearing layer, which occupies almost all the space not taken up by the ostiole-

The cells lining the cavity arch inward, and elongate to form a stalk, from the tip of je

the pycnospore is abstricted.

The pycnospores are ellipsoid and colourless, and do not turn brown at any time ;

they are 18-20 » x 5-6 y in dimensions.

Physalospora Perseae, nov. sp.

Peritheciis sparsis v. gregarus, tectis, ostiolo papillato erampente, atris, ellipsoideis

v. subglobosis, 130-190 u x 100-120 Mm: ascis clavatis, paraphysatis, 80-100 u x 18-23 u,

octosporis : paraphysibus filiformibus, ndmerosis, hyalinis : sporidiis distichis, continuis, —

hyalinis, ellipsoideis v. subfusiformis utrinque obtusis, 20-21 » X 8-10 u. Pyenidiis sab-

globosis v. ellipsoides, 120-130 » x 70-187 mu; sporulis hyalinis Sihnavidest 18-20 u X 5-6 u.

Hab. in foliis Perseae americanae, Louis fas uses Transvaal, 25.4.21, leg.

J. H. Cronwright.

When the spores have been discharged from the pycnidia or perithecia, one fnoquently

finds the cavity occupied by another fungus, which is probably a saprophyte or secondary

parasite. This organism produces spherical pycnidia about 90 u in diameter, and filled

with: small, narrow, ellipsoid, fuliginous, two-celled spores.

The Fungus in Culture.

The fungus was isolated a number of times from diseased twigs by plating (1) ascospores

and (2) pycnidia in agar, and (3) from the myceliam present in small pieces of diseased

wood, In each case the same fungus was obtained, and the cultural characters were

identical. It grows readily on most of the culture media in common use, but as the fruiting

bodies develop slowly it was found advisable to use conical flasks rather than petri dishes

for culture work, as the latter dried out too rapidly.

Cultures on prune agar, oatmeal agar, and maize-meal agar were kept in the green-

house in a bright diffused light. The mycelium is at first cottony, but after a few days

the submerged hyphae are green or blue-green for some time, after which the growth is

dark or nearly black. The outer ends of the aerial hyphae maintain their original cottony

appearance and become greyish in colour. Cultures in active growth often show distinct

zoning. Thus far the fungus Physalospora Perseae closely resembles in its cultural characters

Ph. Cydoniae, which is parasitic in apple twigs,* but the formation of pycnidia is very

different from that observed in cultures of the latter fungus.

The submerged hyphae, as seen by transmitted light, are olive-green or brownish in

colour, and are about 3 thick; the aerial hyphae are more slender and hyaline. After

three or four weeks on oatmeal agar small bodies consisting of tangled masses of hyphae

appear on the surface of the culture ; these increase in size until they form tussocks,

3-6 mm. in diameter and about 3 mm. in height; these are dark-coloured bodies, but

with a thin covering of the cottony aerial mycelium. After about six weeks the top of

those bodies becomes covered with hard, black pustules, from which seven to eight weeks

old cultures masses of conidia ooze out.

A cross-section through one of the sclerotial bodies first observed in a three weeks old

culture shows that it consists of tangled masses of hyphae similar in form to the submerged

hyphae of the ordinary mycelium. Later there is a differentiation with a sterile base,

consisting of interlaced dark-coloured hyphae, brown or olive-green, by transmitted light,

and an upper portion of more closely woven, lighter-coloured hyphae in which a number

of cavities are developed. These are irregularly arranged in one or more layers, ellipsoid

or flask-shaped—usually papillate, 250-320 u x 130-2004. The inside of the cavity

is lined with a layer of compressed hyaline hyphae, which eventaall y arch inwards and form ~

the Ver sedes The tip of the conidiophore swells up and the mature conidium is cat off. _

* Hesler, L. R. : Black Rot, Lea’ Spot, and Canker of Pomaceous Pruite, Cornell, Univ. Agric, — :

Exp. Sta. Bull. 379. Aug. 1916. mee

On maize-meal agar and prune agar slight differences are observed. On maize-meal

agar the pycnidial cushions are up to 8 mm. in diameter; on prune agar the form is

somewhat different, the pycnidia! cushions are columnar, 5-6 mm. high and 3— mm. thick.

They have a sterile base, which is usually rather smaller in diameter than the rounded

head in which the pycnidial cavities are found.

Sugar agar appears to be an ansuitable medium ; there is no aerial mycelium, and only

a few small sterile sclerotia are formed. Potato agar is also an unfavourable mediam.

On solution N. agar only a few small sub-spherical cushions are formed, which are 2-3 mm.

in diameter, and show some internal differentiation, but none were observed in which

mature pycnidial chambers were formed.

The masses of conidia oozing out of the pycnidia are pale orange-yellow (Ridgway).

Individual conidia are hyaline, thin-walled, with granular contents, and containing a few oil

drops. The majority are ellipsoid in form, a few are sub-fasoid or sub-pyriform: they

vary from 16-5-23-5 g in length and from 6-7-5 » in breadth, the greater number measuring

18-20 u X 6°5-6-T u.

Fig. 4

Germinating conidia after 6 hours at 25° C. in hanging drop.

A number of hanging drop cultures in Ward tubes, each containing a small number

of conidia, were put into an incubator at 25° C. After six hours a considerable number had

germinated (fig. 4). The form and character of the spore remained unchanged, and a single

germ tube, 2-5-3 y thick, colourless and non-septate, had been produced at or near one pole.

After twenty-four hours possibly 20 per cent. of the conidia remained unchanged and

had not germinated. The remainder had lost their granular appearance and had “become

slightly broader and more broadly rounded at the ends, the majority being 6-7-7-5 u

broad. They were still quite hyaline, but had become septate: most commonly with

2-transverse septa, but a few were 1-septate, and there was an occasional one which was

3-septate. Those which were germinating had, with a few exceptions, produced two

germ tubes, one from each terminal cell (fig. 5).

The conidia, which had germinated in six hours, had developed considerably, and had

produced elongated hyphae ‘which were septate and branched.

184

After forty-two hours there was no further change, except in the increased length of the —

germ tubes and the increased number of spores with two and three septations. At no time

was any suggestion of a change of colour observable in the conidia.

The ascus stage was not found in culture, but, as stated elsewhere, its connection

with the conidial stage has been traced.

Inoculation Experiments.

Several seedling Avocados in the greenhouse were inoculated with conidia from cultures

on oatmeal agar and with pieces of mycelium. In each case a small incision was made in

the bark, the infective material inserted, and the branch at the point of inoculation was

kept moist for about forty-eight hours.

Fie. 5.

Conidia after 24 hours at 25° C,

The plants which were inoculated with conidia soon showed signs of infection. The

tissues around the incision became discoloured and sunken; in some cases the affected

area slowly increased in size for a few weeks until it was about 1 cm. in diameter, and then

its progress was arrested. Two trees became completely girdled, the whole stem was

invaded and killed, and after six months typical conidia were produced. The pycnidia

and conidia on these artificially infected trees were identical with those found on twigs

in the orchard.

PATAOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY.

The fungus appears to be a wound parasite. In the cortical tissues of infected twigs —

there is a rather coarse brownish mycelium about 3:5 «thick. The cell walls are discoloure

but there is no very prominent deposit in any of the cells. At certain spots there are m

of densely woven hyphae in the epidermal and hypodermal cells, which rupture the «

Section through twig 6 months after innoculation, showing mycelium in cells of cortex,

Fig. 7.

Section through xylem region of same twig, showing mycelium confined to cells of medullary rays.

and are the early stages in the development of the pycnidia and perithecia.

is intracellular, it penetrates through the cortical cells to the cambium, and |

xylem region, where it is apparently confined to the cells of the medullary rays. —

number of section examined no hyphae were observed in the xylem vessels. —

PREVENTIVE MEASURES.

In its early stages the disease could probably be arrested by surgical mores

spraying with bordeaux mixture. As in dealing with other cankers all diseased twigs sho

be removed, cankers on larger limbs excised, and all wounds painted with some disinfectant _

and protective substance. In its later stages it is difficult and almost impossible to aes My

the progress of the disease.

EEEGOIES, OF ELEPHANTORRHIZA IN THE

SOULH AFRICAN HERBARIA.

By EP Paris, MAD) Seek as:

The genus Elephantorrhiza is a small genus belonging to the Leguminosae, and was

founded by Bentham in 1842 on the common Transvaal plant, #. Burchell. Four years

later he described another species also from the Transvaal, #. Burkei. Since then Schinz

and Harms each described a species found in South Africa, and two years ago Mr. Burtt-Davy

described a species from the Transvaal. An examination of the material in the South

African Herbaria has brought to light two additional species which hitherto have been

confused with #. Burchellic.

Two of the seven species found in South Africa have an acaulescent habit, viz.,

E. Burchell and E. obliqua.

The shape and venation of the pinnules differ in all the species, and afford a good

character whereby the species may be distinguished. The reader is referred to the

accompanying plate illustrating the pinnules of the seven species described.

Elephantorrhiza Burchellii, commonly known as “ Eland’s Boontjes,” is an extremely

common plant on the high veld in spring, and in many parts of the Transvaal is the

dominant species on veld which has been burnt. It is an acaulescent plant with enormous

roots, which extend to a considerable depth into the ground. Young plants have been

excavated by the writer with roots which penetrate to a depth of over 6 feet. The roots

of this species have been used for tanning, but other plants have now superseded it.

Mr. C. Howlett, of the Division of Botany, carried out a series of dyeing experiments with

a 30 per cent. solution of the roots. Wool was treated with a 1 per cent. of the following

mordants, and gave the following results (the colours mentioned are those of Ridgway’s

Colour Standards and Nomenclature) :—

1. Ammonium molybdate........... Orange rufous. (Plate II.)

2. Ammonium vanadate............ Plambeous black. (Plate LIT.)

weoumemmm: chloride 7. i... 65... .; Naphthalene yellow. (Plate XVI.)

4 Werrous sulphate... SEE ER se Quaker drab. (Plate LI.)

N Bkel silphale. EE DE ee Salmon colour. (Plate XIV.)

6. Stanous Chioride....0....50.5... Empire yellow. (Plate IV.)

7. Sodium tungstate...... once ae Salmon colour. (Plate XLV.)

oe ME EA MEALS. OR ER ON Rufous. (Plate XIV.)

uir CUlpHAtC In. foe ke aie de de Salmon colour. (Plate XIV.)

AOR WOUAACOLALC? EE ed oes os Bittersweet pink. (Plate IT.)

The above colours are, however, not permanent, and since these experiments were

conducted some three years ago some of the colours in the samples of wool have changed.

The seeds of this species show an interesting and uncommon type of germination,

which has been described by Miss J. Hofmeyr in the “ South African Journal of Natural

History,” Vol. Ill, No. 1. 3

The writer is indebted to the Curators of the various Herbaria for lending him the

material in their respective collections, and to Mr. J. Hutchinson, F.L.S., of the Kew

Herbarium, for comparing some of the specimens with material in the Kew and British

Museam Herbaria.

Pig. 4

' f Del. “Stella Gower,

MS. 5; Fig. 1E obliqua, Reuth., Davy. var Glabra, Paill.

ee Fig. 2.—A. Burchellii, Benth. Fe. 8.— 2. pubescens. Phill.

pty o Fig. 4.— EF. Burkei, Benth. Fig. 3. — F. rangeri Phill.

SE de Fig. 6. E. Woodii. Phill. Fig. 7.—2. suffruticosa, Schinz.

189

KEY TO SPECIES.

Acaulescent plants with leaves and inflorescence arising from large and

thickened root-stocks.

Pinnules ovate, prominently oblique at the base................ lL. obliguad.

Pinnules linear, not or scarcely oblique at the base............ 2. Burchellir.

Shrubs or small trees with a distinct aerial stem.

Branckes pubescent.

Inflorescence about 1 cm. in diameter; calyx lobes acute, as long

telike. pinnules glabrous... 0.5... soteer d Woodu var. pubescens

Inflorescence about 7 mm. in diameter; calyx lobes obtuse, half

as long.as the tube; pinnules pubescent.................. 3. pubescens.

Branches glabrous.

Midrib more or less in the middle of the pinnule ; pinnules equal at

(LEIS § [DEVE alec aly nee MO AD EE LE 4. Burkew.

Midrib approaching one margin of the pinnule; pinnules oblique

or manifestly unequal at the base.

Pinnules with a distinct lateral vein from the base and

marailelsvsiuh’ the marom.. Se Gets EE ete 5. Ranger.

Pinnules with a midrib oniv.

Leaves 5—10-jugate ; branches fluted.............. 6. Woodii.

Leaves about 20-jugate; branches not duted...... 7. suffruticosa.

1. E. obliqua, Burtt-Davy, in “ Kew Bulletin ” (1920).

An acaulescent plant. Stem pubescent. Leaves bipmnate, 9-20 cm. long, 4-6 jugate ;

petiole and rachis pubescent ; pinnae 3-8 cm. long; pinnules 0:6-1-5 cm. long, 2-6 mm.

broad, ovate, very distinctly mucronate at the apex, very unequal at the base, glabrous,

with the midrib prominent beneath, approaching one margin of the pinnule and excurrent

into the mucro; lateral veins faint. Jnflorescence axillary, 4-6 mm. long, cylindric.

Flowers pedicelled. Pedicels about 1 mm. long, glabrous, articulated at the middle.

Calyz-tube 0-75-1-5 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous ; lobes 0:5 mm. long or less, ovate,

obtuse, or subacute (sometimes one lobe minutely apiculate). Petals sometimes slightly

connate at the base, 3-5-4 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, oblong-lnear, cucullate, and with an

inflexed mucro at the apex, glabrous. Filaments connate at the base, 6 mm. long, linear.

glabrous ; anthers 1 mm. long, elliptic, with a caducoas stalked gland at the apex. Ovary

sessile, 5 mm. long, linear in outline, glabrous : style 7 mm. long, cylindric ; stigma simple.

opening by an apical pore. Fruit not seen.

TRANSVAAL.— Wakkerstroom District : Volksrust, Jenkins in Herb. Transvaal Mus.

9296.

Var. glabra, Phillips (Pl. V, fig. 1; Pl. VD.

Differs from the type in being perfectly glabrous and in the veining of the pinnules

being very distinct.

TRANSVAAL.—Middelburg District: Middelburg, Jenkins in Herb. Transvaal Mus.

9128; Botsabelo, Eiselen in National Herb. 1229.

2. E. Burchellii, Bth.,in Hook. “Journ. Bot.,” IV (1842) 344 (Pl. V, fig. 2; PLYD.

An acaulescent plant. Stem glabrous. Leaves bipinnate, 5-5—22 em. long, 5—13-jugate ;

petiole and rachis glabrous ; pinnae 2-5-11 cm. long; pinnules 0-3-1 -4 cm. long, 0:25-2 mm.

broad, subulate, linear to linear-oblong, acute, slightly narrowed and equal at the base.

glabrous, with the midrib distinct and approaching one margin of the leaf. Inflorescence

arising from the woody portion of stem, also axillary, 4-11 mm. long, cylindric. Flowers

pedicelled. Pedicels 0-5-1-5 mm. long, usually articulated at the base, sometimes at the

middle. (alyz-tube 0-75-1-25 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous ; lobes 0:5-1 mm. long,

ovate, acute or obtuse. Petals free or slightly connate at the base, 3-4 mm. long, 1 mm.

broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacute, sometimes cucullate at the apex,

glabrous. Filaments connate at the base, 5:5-6-5 mm. long, linear, glabrous; anthers

0°75-1 mm. long, suborbicular or elliptic, with a caducous stalked gland at the apex.

Ovary sessile, 3 mm. long, linear in outline, glabrous; style 4-5 mm. long, cylindric ;

stigma simple, opening by a terminal pore. Fruit 8-20-5 cm. long, 2:6-3-8 em. broad;

valves flat or convex.—Harv. in “ Fl. Cap.,” IT, 277.

190

SOUTH Arrica.— Without precise locality, Mrs. Barber 55; Zeyher 127.

(APE PROVINCE.—(Jueenstown District: Zwatkei, December, HE. d Z. 1693; near

Mission Station at Shiloh, 2000 ft., December, Baur 379, and in Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric,

964; plains round Queenstown, 3600 ft., October, Galpin 1917. Kimberley District: —

Kimberley, Marloth 852.

BASUTOLAND.—eribe District: Near Mission Station at Leribe, Mrs. Dieterlen 46,

and in Herb. Musei Austro-Afric. 7256. |

OBANGE FREE State.—Ladybrand District : Ladybrand, November, Rogers in Herb.

Transvaal Mus. 5057 ; between Senekal and Bethlehem, c. 5000 ft., December, Flanagan

1903. Harrismith District: Bester’s Vlei, near Harrismith, 5500 ft., December, Bolus

8157. Bethlehem District: Bethlehem, Phillips 3186. Bloemfontein District: P.O.

De Burg, Bloemfontein, February, Cyrus in Govt. Herb. 8794. Thabanchu District :

Caledon and Vaal Rivers, December, Zeyher : Pniel, Vaal River, 4000-5000 ft., November,

Bolus 2075.

TRANSVAAL.—Potchefstroom District: Potchefstroom, May, Burtt-Davy im Govt.

Herb. 52. Heidelberg District: Vereeniging, September, Leslie in Herb. Transvaal Mus.

673; Heidelberg, November, Miss Leendertz in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8094. Bloemhoi

District : ‘ Kaffraria,’ Christiana, March, Native Aaron in Govt. Herb. 14432. Marico

District : Zeerust, January, Miss Leendertz in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 11433. Witwatersrand

District : Jeppestown Ridge, Johannesburg, c. 6000 ft., October, Gilfillan 44a, and in

Herb. Galpin 6006; Florida, near Johannesburg, December, Mis. Hutton 621. Pretoria

District : Groenkloof, near Pretoria, Phillips 3051; Pretoria Kopjes, October, Miss

Leendertz 341, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8428, and in Herb. Austro-Afric. 1077, October,

Burtt-Davy 2294; Gezina, near Pretoria, November, Miss Leendertz 434, and in Herb.

Transvaal Mus. 8429. Rustenburg District: Rustenburg, 4500 ft., Miss Nation 225 ;

Beestkraal, December, Jenkins in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 6963. Waterberg District :

Near Nylstroom, November, Burtt-Davy 2017; Springbok Flats, 3000 ft., October,

Burtt-Davy in Govt. Herb. 7066; Pietpotgietersrust, October, Miss Leendertz in Herb.

Transvaal Mus. 7883 : Moorddrift, October, Miss Leendertz in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 7364.

Wakkerstroom District: Mooifontein, 5500 ft., October, Schlechter 3567, and in Herb.

Transvaal Mus. 5399. Barberton District: Hillsides at Barberton, 2300-2800 ft.,

September-October, Galpin 562; Barberton, November, Miss Williams in Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 7637, 3000 ft., December, Thorneroft, 666, and in Natal Herb. 15089.

SWAZILAND.—-Without precise locality, Miss Stewart in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8857.

Batlapin County : Without precise locality, Nelson in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 11740.

KaLAHARI.--Without precise locality, Schinz. 276. Vryburg District: Armoed's

Vlakte, November, Burtt-Davy in Govt. Herb. 10963.

NATAL. —-Moant Moreland, 500 ft., May, Wood 2607; `Nonoti, 100-200 ft., October,

Natal Herb. 14202.

3. E. pubescens, Phillips, sp. nov. (Pl. V, fig. 3).

Rami pubescentes. Folia 2-10-jugate; foliola 5-8-5 mm. ‘longa, 1 mm. lata,

oblongo-linearia, apice mucronata, basi obligua, pubescentia. IJnflorescentia 7 cm. longa,

7 mm. lata, cylindrica. Pedicellus 0:5 mm. longus, glaber. Tubus calyci 0-5 mm. longus,

campanulatus ; lobi 0-25 mm. longi, ovati, apice obtusi.

Ruopesia.-Six miles below Kafue Bridge, Rogers 8659.

Branches striate, pubescent. Leaves bipinnate, 4-17 cm. long, 2—10-jugate ; petiole

and rachis pubescent; pinnae 5-7 cm. long; pinnules 5-8-5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad,

oblong-linear, shortly mucronate, unequal at the base, pubescent more especially on the

under surfaces with the midrib distinct and approaching one margin of the pinnule.

Inflorescence axillary, 7 cm. long, about 7 mm. in diameter, narrowly cylindric. Flowers at 2

— ai

Plate VI.

Elephanterrhiza Burchellii, Benth. Hlephantorrhiza obligua, Burtt-Davy,

var. glabra, Phillips.

EE P. Phillips.

Field of Flephantorrhiza Burchellii, Benth., at

Groenkloof, near Pretoria,

192

pedicelled. Pedicels 0-5 mm. long, glabrcus. Calyxz-tube 0-5 mm. long, campanulate, %

glabrous ; lobes 0:25 mm. long, ovate, obtuse, not ribbed. Corolla, with a tube, 0-5 mm.

long; lobes 2 mm. long, 0-75 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse, slightly inflexed at the apex.

Filaments connate at the base, 3:5 mm. long, linear, acute at the apex, glabrous; anthers

scarcely 0:5 mm. long, subglobose, with a minute caducoas gland at the apex. Ovary

shortly stalked, 1:5 mm. long, linear in outline, glabrous; style 2 mm. long, cylindric ;

stigma simple.

This species is readily distinguished from the former by the pabescent pinnules and

the short, rounded calyx lobes, which are only half as long as the calyx-tube.

4. E. Burkei, Benth.. in Hook., ` Journ. Bot.,” V (1846) 81 (PI. V, fig. 4).

A branched shrub 3-5 ft. high, or small tree 8-10 ft. high. Stem and branches glabrous.

Leaves bipinnate, 7-23 cm. long, 4-6-jugate ; petiole and rachis glabrous ; pinnae 3-10 em.

long: pinnules 0-7-1:6 cm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, or

shortly and bluntly mucronate at the apex, sometimes emarginate, slightly narrowed and

equal at the base, with the midrib distinct beneath and situated in the middle of the pinnule.

Inflorescence axillary, 5-10 cm. long. cylindric. Flowers pedicelled ; pedicels 0-75-2 mm,

long, articulated at the middle, more rarely at the base. Calyx-tube 1-1-5 mm. long,

campanulate, glabrous ; lobes 0:5-1 mm. long, ovate, subacute or obtuse, usually (rarely

without) with very minute but distinct projections in the sinuses or on the margins of the

lobes. Petals 2:5-4 mm. long, 1:25—-1:5 mm. broad, lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or

elliptic, cucallate and inflexed at the apex, glabrous. Filaments connate at the base,

1-6:5 mm. long, linear, glabrous; anthers 0-75-1 mm. long, elliptic or almost quadrate

in outline, with a stalked caducous gland at the apex. Ovary sessile, 2-3 mm. long, linear

in outline, glabrous ; style 2-5-4 mm. long, cylindric ; stigma simple, opening by a terminal

pore. Fruit 7-21 cm. long, 2°8-3-5 cm. broad ; valves flat.—Harv. in “ Fl. Cap.,” H,

279. E. rubescens, Gibbs in ` Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI, 441 (1906). N]

Soura AFRICA. Without locality (probably Portuguese East Africa), Junod 435.

Transvaal.-Pretoria District: Kopjes about six miles east of Pretoria, Phillips 3040 ;

Wonderboom Poort, near Pretoria, October, Miss Leendertz 314, and in Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 8430: near the ` Wonderboom,” December. Burtt-Davy 2663, Miss Leendertz 433,

and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8431; Magaliesburg, October, Zeyher 560, 321. Waterberg

District: Warmbaths, January, Bolus 11862; Pietpotgietersrust, September-January,

Miss Leendert: in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 4757, 5581. Bechuanaland.— Mafeking, Appleyard.

RHODESIA. — South Rhodesia: Matlopo Hills, 4500 ft. September, Rogers 5336,

Galpin 7081; Zambesi Gorge, 2900 ft., September, Galpin 7062.

5. E. Rangeri, Harms, in Engl., ` Bot. Jabrb.,” XLIX, 420 (1913) (PL. V, fig. 5).

A shrub 4 m. (2) high. Branches glabrous. Leaves bipinnate, 10-19 cm. long,

5-T-jugate ; petiole and rachis glabrous ; pinnae 3-6-5 cm. long; pinnules 4-9 mm. long,

0-5—-1:75 em. broad, linear-oblong, shortly and bluntly mucronate, somewhat narrowed

at the base and hardly unequal, with the midrib distinct approaching one margin, and a

lateral vein arising from the base and approaching the opposite margin, glabrous.

Inflorescence axillary, 5-5-6-5 cm. long, cylindric. Flowers pedicelled. Pedicels 0-75 mm.

long, articulated at the base. Calyx-tube 1 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous ; lobes

0-5 mm. long, broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, glabrous. Filaments connate

at the base, 5 mm. long. linear, glabrous; anthers 0-75 mm. long, almost quadrate in

outline, with a caducous stalked gland at the apex. Ovary sessile, 2 mm. long, linear in

outline, glabrous ; style 2:5 mm. long, cylindric ; stigma simple, opening by a terminal

pore. Fruit not seen.

Soura-West Arrica.-Hohearte (?), December, Dinter 2264, and in Herb, Muses.

Austro-Afric. 4485.

193

6. E. Woodii, Phillips, sp. nov. (Pl. V, fig. 6.)

Ram glabri, striati. Folia 5-10-jugata ; foliola 2-5-4 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, oblongo-

linearia, apice acuta, mucronata, base obliqua, glabra. Inflorescentia 8:5-11 cm. longa,

cylindrica. Tubus calyci 0:75-1:25 mm. longus, campanulatus, glaber ; lobi 0:25—5 mm.

longi, ovati, apice acuti.

NATAL.—Weenen County: Pieters, near Colenso, 3000-4000 ft., Wood 7958, and in

’ Natal-Govt. Herb. 8768.

Branches glabrous, fluted. Leaves EER 6-15 cm. long, 5-10-jugate; petiole

and rachis glabrous; pinnae 1-8-6 cm. long; pinnules 2-5-4 mm. long, 1 mm. broad,

oblong-linear, acute, mucronate, very unequal-sided at the base, with the midrib indistinct

or evident and then approaching one margin of the leaf, glabrous. Inflorescence axillary,

8-5—-11 cm. long, cylindric. Flowers pedicelled. Pedicels 1-25-1-5 mm. long, articulated

at the base. Calyx-tube 0:75-1:25 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous ; lobes 0-25-5 mm.

long, ovate, acute. Petals slightly connate at the base, 3-5-4-5 mm. long, 1-25 mm. broad,

lanceolate, acute. filaments connate at the base, 3-5-5 mm. long. cylindric, glabrous ;

anthers 1 mm. long, elliptic, with a oe stalked gland at the apex. Ovary sessile,

2-5 mm. long, linear in outline ; style 4:5-5-5 mm. long, cylindric, glabrous ; stigma simple,

opening by a terminal pore. Pr wit Gane one seen), 9 cm. long, 3-2 cm. broad, subfalcate;

valves flat.

Var. pubescens, Phillips.

Rami pubescentes.

NATAL.—Near Little Tugela, Wood 2867.

This differs from the species in the pubescent branches and in being sparsely pubescent

on the petiole and rachis. The calyx-lobes have a distinct rib and are membranous between

the ribs. The variety and the species require further examination when further material

comes to hand, as it is probable that the former may be raised to specific rank.

E. sufiruticosa, Schinz., in “ Mem. Herb. Boiss.,” No. 1, 117 (Pl. V, fig. 7).

A bush 2-4 m. high. Branches smooth, liana with dark bark. Leaves bipinnate:

16-24 cm. long, about 20-jugate ; petiole and rachis glabrous; pinnae 2—7 mm. long:

pinnules 3-5-5 mm. broad, linear, acute or subacute, manifestly unequal-sided at the base,

with a distinct midrib approaching one margin of the pinnule, glabrous. f nflorescence

up to 10 cm. long, cylindric. Flowers pedicelled. Pedicels 0:25-0:75 mm. long, articulated

at the base or apex. Calyx-tube 1 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous ; lobes 0-5 mm. long,

ovate, obtuse. Petals 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, lanceolate, acute or subacute. Filaments

connate at the base, 5 mm. long, cylindric, glabrous; anthers 0-75-1 mm. long, elliptic,

with a stalked caducous gland at the apex. Ovary sessile, 2:5 mm. long, linear in outline,

glabrous; style 2-5-3-5 mm. long, cylindric, glabrous; stigma simple opening by an

apical gland. Fruit 8-26 cm. long, 1-7-2-5 cm. broad, linear, very rarely oblong, valves

flat.

RuopEsia.—Umtali District : Odanzi River Valley, Teague 291.

Souta-West Arrica.—Okahandja, 1800 m., November, Dinter 314, February:

Dinter, 2781 ; Bulls Mouth Pass on steep slopes, bush 10-15 ft. high, December, Pearson

in Percy Sladen Memorial Exped. 8919, and in Herb. Muser Austro-Afric. 11972; Awas

Mountains, Pass between Haris and Aub, January, Pearson in Percy Sladen Memorial

Exped. 9658.

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