PSI ee,

Wirn the advent of Union and the ever-increasing demands made by the public for

information regarding the vegetable resources of the country, its plant poisons, and plant

pests, considerable stimulus has been given to botanical research in South Africa.

One of the results of the progress made has been the establishment of the National

Herbarium at Pretoria under the Department of Agriculture.

The National Herbarium now embraces all the more important private collections in

the country, including those of Mr. E. E. Galpin, the late Mr. H. G. Flanagan, Madame A.

Dieterlen’s Basutoland herbarium, Miss A. Pegler’s Kentani plants, Madame J. Borle’s

collections from Portuguese East Africa, and Mr. E. G. Bryant’s plants from the Prieska

and Hay Districts.

It also possesses the largest collection of South African fungi in existence, amongst

which may be mentioned a large number of specimens of the superficial ascomycetes

affecting our forest trees, and the original collections of Dr. Medley Wood, including a

number of type specimens, while to it have been bequeathed the valuable cryptogamic

collections of Dr. T. R. Sim; Tyson’s collections of marine algae, including his private

herbarium, have also been acquired by purchase.

A vast amount of material has thus been accumulated, and the special work which

has been done on it in the past few years makes it very necessary and desirable that it

should be published and made available to workers in other parts of the country. Con-

sequently it has been decided to issue from time to time as occasion demands a publication

which will consist of contributions from the National Herbarium.

In view of the great agricultural development which has taken place in South Africa

since Union, and bearing in mind that much of this was due to the policy and influence

of the first Union Premier and Minister for Agriculture—the late General Botha—no more

fitting name for the official organ of the National Herbarium could be found than that of

“ BoTHALIA.”

Bothalia is intended primarily as the medium for the publication of papers and

monographs based on the material in the National Herbarium, presenting new facts and

items of general interest.

Tt will include descriptions of new or little known plants, cryptogamic and phanero-

gamic, and it is hoped will mark a further step in the progress of botanical science in

South Africa.

I. B. POLE EVANS.

Pretoria,

Ist January, 1921.

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2016 with funding from

South African National Biodiversity Institute Libraries

https://archive.org/details/bothaliavolume101unse

The Genus "Bersam

A Revision of the African Specdes of

The Natal Species of th

South African Ascomycetes.

The

Thorn Pears....

Genus Olinie..

A "eeeevevevevev7e7e7e7 8202823727280 80 80

Genus Ochna...cccee

Genus Cyclopia, Vente.+--

a+ TH

C iG New Br We oe

Part |

Seutnh African Ascomycetes... sc ccc eencs

(GZ!

ne GX

it Mee

GPC One OE OE SS C..0: O86. 6

6) 8 6.4.0.6) 6 - a @' 8) 6, 6) 6. @.

"Sesbania™.... ce

MEA DINEGECEAS ssn we os oo yew oo

oo © @ @

Revision of South African Species: of Rhyncohosia.....

The Genera Aloe and Mesembryanthemum...........e0005

South African

CRRMIMOBE 2 cc ciccw cle cece ens

A Fungus of Economic Importance on the Avocade..... aug

Species of Hlephantorrhiza in the South African

Herbaria.e.

re Oe Te ee f

Part IV

iGLey

South African Te aa in the National. Herbarium.

seuth African CramMINnede ssi ccc cc aces op aoare

Index to Volume I...

ees GQeQe*eeeeeese

MARY GUNN LIBRAR

WU iil

South Ate Tees

Biodiversity Institute

Bee

ous

WS a ory es Fever es fe Veet Pet

pre

he ae CM re eRe Tey,

OQ Se Oe Oe CRG ee gree we we oe fb . ae

FOr. oe ews ea wal oa ¢ aes we

coh a * ‘~'s ~ ae B Phe’ ee $ ee e switanert # . 42

Ovi Uy oe ee ale wa kee Ca a ELC ae 4 coe

Lae}

° o-

Yer Dds Saas aes BER ok

ata

‘eer + notin Las hat

Ss.’ oo seae : Parc at hire A 5 ia

Cos: Ni aaa

St dey

CONN GES:

PAGE

IL Sowa: AmRICAR JASCONDTOIIIIS, Gao coscaon0cc09b00000U00bUe DoD UGG UDUCbO 5

ER Dberree CENTS ae SRS AMIAG cceris ct. en tas, eles 3,2 sie atele(au.t) oe weaned gis e008 33

Ill. A Revision of THE AFRICAN SPECIES oF “SESBANIA”’...............-.- 40

IY, “lem; NAAT, Siem Ors aneao Syraoxapy-vorsynl 5 56 5anacecacacueccsco0000 57

SOUTIA ANEIRICAIN - ASCOINDVGIn IBS

IN THE

NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

By Eruet M. Dorper, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Assistant Chief, Division of

Botany and Plant Pathology.

PATE Te

Most of the South African fungi described in the early days were collected by MacOwan,

Medley Wood, and others, who made a practice of sending a part of their material to

Europe for determination and retaining the duplicates; many of these duplicates are

now incorporated in the National Herbarium. These specimens are not strictly co-types,

as they were not examined by the describers of the species, but since the specimens were

all numbered, one rarely finds that they are not identical with the type specimens bearing

the same numbers. The same applies to specimens sent to Sydow in more recent years,

descriptions of which were published in the “ Annales Mycologici.”

Many alterations in nomenclature and classification have been introduced of late

years, chiefly by V. Héhnel, Theissen, and Sydow, who have published revised descriptions

from the type specimens. In some cases it is possible to add a few details to these

descriptions from more abundant and more recent collections, and to record the fungus

on other hosts and from new localities.

There are also a number of ascomycetes in the Herbarium which have been previously

recorded from other parts of the world, or which are apparently undescribed.

In every case the numbers quoted in square brackets are those of the mycological

section of the National Herbarium.

I am indebted to Mr. W. E. Schilz for the preparation of a fine series of sections of

the fungi under consideration and for considerable assistance in the translation of some

of the descriptions from the original German.

1. Schneepia radiata Doidge.

Syn. Lembosia radiata Doidge (South African Microthyriaceae, Trans. Roy. Soe.

South Africa, VIII, Part 4, 1920).

On leaves of undetermined shrub (Leguminosae) Rikath, Portuguese Hast Africa,

Junod [11729].

This fungus was originally described as a Lembosia, but by studying sections through

the leaf of the host an intramatrical hypostroma may be detected. ‘This consists of a

colourless hyphal mass lying between the cuticle and the epidermis, and sometimes

penetrating downwards into the epidermal cells. In certain of the epidermal cells compact

balls of dark coloured hyphae are formed, and at these points the fungus breaks through

the cuticle to form the ascostroma.

The ascostroma is attached at several points and is almost 40 high; the hypo-

thecium is thin and colourless.

‘

The intramatrical hypostroma with superficial ascomata is typical of the Polystomel-

laceae ; the radial arrangement of the loculi which are attached at several points, the

paraphysate asci, and two-celled brown spores are characteristic of the genus Schneepia,

to which this fungus must therefore be referred.

2. Cycloschizon brachylaenae (Rehm), P. Henn.

Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXIII, p. 39 (1902); Syll. Fung. XVII, p. 896.

Syn. Schneepia brachylaenae Rehm, Hedwigia 1901, p. 173.

On living leaves Brachylaena neruifolia, Bains Kloof, near Wellington, C.P., 12.11.10,

Doidge [981].

On Brachylaena dentata, Port Elizabeth, West [761]; Wan Stadens Pass, 9.3.16,

Bottomley [9562]; Van Stadens Pass, 17.5.18, Pole Evans [11445].

On Brachylaena discolor, Lemana, Zoutpansberg District, 14.8.11, Doidge [1789] ;

Duikerfontein, Natal, 10.10.11. Moon [1887]; Port Shepstone, Natal, 15.10.12, Pole

Evans [5605]; Umegeni, near Durban, 15.11.16, V. d. Bil [10088].

On Brachylaena elliptica, Kast London, 24.11.17, Doidge [10912].

On Brachylaena sp., Rikath, Portuguese Hast Africa, September, 1918, Junod [11724].

Sydow [Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 207], described this fungus in detail from the type

specimen (Exsice. Rabh. P., F. Kur. et extra-europ., 4264), which agrees in every respect

with the material in the National Herbarium. The original is evidently not quite mature,

and in this connection Theissen and Sydow writes as follows :—‘ Die Art unterscheidet

sich generisch nur durch die farblosen Sporen vcn Drelsiella ; da die Asken des Originals

noch nicht ganz ausgereift sind, ware es nach diesem Hxemplar nicht ausgeschlossen,

dass die Sporen sich spater braiinten; dan fiele die Gattung Cycloschizon mit Dielsiella

(1903) zusammen und letztere miisste gestrichen werden. Zu demselben Ergebnis kam

V. Hohnel (Fragm. n. 634 und 635). . . . Das oben erwahnte Exemplar auf B. dentata

scheint jedoch voéllig ausgereift zu sem. Wir fandan hier schon ausserhalb der Schliuche

zahlreiche, stets vollig hyaline Sporen, Wahrscheinlich stellt Cycloschizon daher eine gute

Gattung dar.”

After examining the abundant material detailed above, it is evident that the spores

of Cycloschizon brachylaenae become fuscous, and later brown, at maturity. The genus

Dielsiella is therefore identical with Cycloschizon and the species Dielsiella pritzelai P. Henn.,

and D. alyxiae (Mass) Th. and Syd. become Cycloschizon pritzel (P. Henn.) and C. alyxice

(Mass), respectively.

An apparently undescribed species on Catha edulis also belongs to the genus Cyclo-

schizon, and is described below.

3. Cycloschizon fimbriatum n. sp.

On living leaves of Catha edulis, Letaba Drift, Zoutpansberg District, 6.8.11, Doidge

[1798] and [1833]; Rikath, Portuguese Hast Africa, 31.5.18, Junod [11682]; Louis

Trichardt, 8.4.19, Putterill [11835]. ;

Stromata amphigenous, scattered, circular, 1-5 to 2mm. diam., surface dull black,

crustaceous, with an irregular annular ridge marking the position of the loculi; attached

to the leaf by a massive central foot, which is black and pseudo-cellular, arismg from a

dense hypostroma. The hypostroma consists of closely interwoven and packed hyphae,

which completely destroy the palisade cells or the mesophyll cells in the immediate

vicinity of the foot and penetrate right through the thickness of the leaf in the inter-

cellular spaces. The increasing pressure of the hypostroma ruptures the epidermis, and

at this point the foot is formed.

Except for the central foot, the stroma lies free on the leaf surface. The outer

membrane is radial in structure, rather loosely interwoven, and composed of hyphae

3-5-4» thick. At the periphery it spreads out into a short fringe of brown, radiating

hyphae about 3-5 thick; these are undulating, branched, and sometimes more or less

coherent. The central portion of the stroma is sterile, the loculi being arranged in a

circle round the centre ; loculi linear, about 270 » wide and 100-115 u high, dehiscing by

a longitudinal fissure. Hypothecium pseudo-cellular, rather pale. A

Asci paraphysate ; ovate when immature, thick walled above, 60%. « 30-33 y, and

with irregularly tristichous or conglobate spores. Mature asci clavate or ellipsoid,

75-90 up Xx 23-26» with distichous spores. Asci stain brick red with iodine; there is

no blue reaction.

Paraphyses numerous, hyaline, hnear, about 2-5 y thick. Spores brown, opaque at

maturity, two-celled, slightly constricted, ellipsoid, cells equal or sub-equal, 28-30 yp x

12-135 p.

Cycloschizon fimbriatum Doidge, n. sp.

Stromata amphigena, sparsa, 1-5-2 mm. diam., superficialia, centro affixa; centro

sterili magno 400-500 ». diam.; irregulariter radiatim ex hyphis septatis 3-5-4 p. crassis

brunneis composita, ambitu hyphis longiusculis radiantibus, 3-5 p. crassis, flexuosis, ramosis

cincta ; loculo annulari integro v. interrupto, 270 u lato, 100-115 py alto, rima longitudinale

aperto. Asci paraphysati, clavati v. ellipsoidei, 75-90% x 23-26 u, octospori, para-

physibus numerosis, hyalinis, linearibus, 2-5 wu crassis. Sporae brunneae, oblongae, medio

vel paullo supra medium septatae, leniter constrictae, ad apicem rotundatae, 28-30% x

12-13 -5 uv.

Hab. in foliis Cathae edulis, Zoutpansberg Dist., Transvaal, 6.8.11, leg. Doidge

econ: j

4. Cocconia porrigo (Cke.) Sacc.

Syll. Fung. VIII, p. 738.

Syn. Rhytisma porrigo Cke., Grevillea X, p. 129 (1882).

On leaves of Olea capensis, Inanda, August, 1881, Wood No. 660 [10702]; Van Stadens

Pass, C.P., 13.11.17, Doidge [10888].

Stromata amphigenous, but mostly epiphyllous, not crowded, round, flat, dull black,

up to 5 mm. diameter; central portion raised and rugose, 120-140 u thick. In the

smaller stromata there is a regular circular loculus forming a ring round the centre, and

within it a second smaller loculus which may be circular, S-shaped, or irregular. In the

larger stromata there are several concentric, circular loculi. At the periphery the covering

membrane is thin and membranaceous with lobed margins, and consists of radiating,

brown, septate hyphae which are 44-5 thick. Hypostroma extensive, in and under

the epidermis, dark, breaking out at many points and spreading horizontally on the cuticle ;

thus it forms a layer of short, septate hyphae about 26-30 pu thick, which becomes gradually

thinner towards the periphery. Covering membrane radial in structure, carbonaceous,

30-40 ». thick. Height of stroma 140-160 1. Asci broadly ellipsoid, 80-85 » x 27-30 p

with distichous or tristichous spores. Paraphyses filiform. Spores dark brown, 30-33 u x

11-13-u, two-celled, constricted ; loculi unequal, upper cell about 14-16 » x 13 yu, broader

and shorter than the lower cell, which is 16-18 y x 11 uy.

5. Cocconia concentrica Syd.

Ann. Myce. XIII (1915), p. 215.

Syn. Hysterostomella concentrica Syd. Ann. Myc. VII (1909), p. 544; Syll. Fung.

XXII, p. 556.

Hysterostomella circularis, Har. et Pat. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., 1911, p. 368.

On Trichilia emetica, Lourenco Marques, 24.9.08, T. R. Sim [508]; Umbelusi R.

Portuguese East Africa, 9.11.10, Howard [1019]; Rikath, P.E.A., September, 1918

Junod [11728].

This fungus has only been recorded from Kast Africa on Trichilia emetica.

It has been described by Sydow (loc. cit.) as follows :—On the upper side of the leaf

there appear numerous concentric rings of small, black, punctiform bodies, which gradually

develop into small round discs. These form the central part of the stroma, and they later

coalesce, forming stouter linear stromata which still show the original ring formation.

Meanwhile the concentric rmg formation continues at the periphery. The mature stroma

is crustaceous in the centre, the original disc-lke bodies having become confluent radially

as well as laterally, but the concentric circles are still evident; the outer circles still

comprise discrete, round, immature discs. The separate stromata vary considerably in

length.

A transverse section through a collective stroma, which also passes through single

stromata, shows a chain of fruiting bodies with central attachment, and with a sterile

central portion.

The single stromata are thus attached to the leaf by their long axis, lying free on

both sides of the keel formed by the line of attachment. They are 320-420 yu high.

Beneath the sterile central portion the hypostroma fills the epidermal cells of the host

in an area extending 100-120 u in diameter. The hypostroma is not continuous, but

more or less interrupted; and it produces numberless fine brown hyphae which pierce

the cuticle and appear on the surface as a compact stroma. Asci club-shaped cylindrical,

thick-walled round the apex, very briefly pedicellate, 45-55 x 14-18 u, eight-spored.

Spores distichous, elongated, rounded at both ends, two-celled, brown, 14-18 x 4-5 u.

Paraphyses filiform exceeding the asci in length, united above, and forming a somewhat

coloured epithecium.

6. Cocconia capensis n. sp.

On leaves of Ochna arborea, Howiesons Poort, near Grahamstown, 12.7.19, Doidge

[12373].

Stromata epiphyllous, round, dull black, minute, up to 1-5 mm. diam., in appearance

rather like a scale insect, centre raised, 130-150 high, margin flat, appressed to leaf

surface ; centre sterile, surrounded by a single circular loculus, 240-270 u broad ; covering

membrane black, opaque, about 13 » thick over the loculus, at the edge becoming some-

what lobed, thin, flat, and light coloured, consisting of fuscous, radiating hyphae, 3-3-5 u

thick.

Hypostroma very well developed, penetrating right through the leaf and forming a

tangled weft of hyphae in the intercellular spaces. At certain points the hypostroma

becomes much thickened in the epidermal and subepidermal cells, and the hyphal mass

becomes dark coloured and cellular, the cells being 6-7 » diam.

It breaks through the cuticle and forms a short column of elongated cells, certain of

which spread out radially on the leaf surface to form the hypothecium, and others growing

to a higher level form the central sterile portion of the stroma, and give rise laterally to

the covering membrane. The hypothecium is brown, 30-36 u thick and similar in texture

to the hypostroma, but the cells are flattened and elongated in a radial direction. There

are numerous secondary poimts of attachment along the axis of the loculus.

Asci clavate, eight-spored, pedicellate, thickened round apex, paraphysate, 65-70 u x

22-25 u, they do not react to iodine; paraphyses numerous, filiform. Spores two-celled,

brown, 21-23:-5y »« 9-10 uy, slightly constricted; in immature spores the cells are

markedly different in form, they are equal in length, but the upper loculus is spherical,

9» diam., and the lower clavate, tapering from 7» at the centre to 4 at the tip. In

mature spores the difference is less marked.

Cocconia capensis Doidge nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, sparsa, rotundata, atra, minuta usque 1-5 mm. diam., 130-150 u

alta, pluries affixa, radiato ex hyphis 3-3-5u er. contexta; loculo unico annular,

240-270 u lato, hypostromate epidermali et sub-epidermali oriunda. Hypothecium brun-

neolum 30-36 » cr. Asci clavati, paraphysati, octospori, pedicellati, ad apicem incrassati,

65-70 p x 22-25%; paraphysibus numerosis filiformis. Sporae brunneae, sub-clavatae,

l-septatae, constrictae, 21-23-54 « 9-10 u, loculo supero latiore.

Hab. in foliis Ochnae arboreae, Howiesons Poort, 12.7.19, leg. Doidge [12373].

7. Hysterostomina tenella Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 228.

Syn. Hysterostomella tenella Syd. Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 442.

On Asparagus striatus, Despatch, near Uitenhage, 23.3.11, Doidge [1241].

On Asparagus sp., Kentani, 19.3.12, Pegler [2240]; 3.6.12, Pegler [2362].

Stroma flat, membranous, dull black, 2-10 mm. long, irregular in shape, 70-80 py. high,

on both sides of the leaf, or more or less clothing the stem. Loculi very closely crowded,

irregularly arranged, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit; covering membrane radial, dark

brown to black, opaque, formed of hyphae 3-4 thick. Hypothecium very thin, light

brown. Asci paraphysate eight-spored, at first broad, oval, with conglobate spores ; later

becoming elongated, with distichous spores ; very thick walled at the upper end, 45-60y x

16-20 u. They do not react to iodine. Spores dark brown, strongly constricted, cells

spherical, sub-equal, elliptic-oblong, rounded at the ends, 13-16 u x 6-8yu. Hypostroma

not well developed ; it can only be detected in the stomata in the form of pegs, 20-25 u

high and 14-16 » thick, which do not penetrate into the intercellular spaces.

Fig. 1.—Section through loculus of Macowaniella congesta, showing hypostroma.

8. MacOwaniella Doidge, nov. gen. Polystomellacearum.

Stromata superficialia, radiato-contexta ex hypostromati epidermal et sub-epidermal

oriunda ; loculis linearibus, rectis v. curvulis, inordinate nidulantibus. Asci paraphysati’

octospori. Sporae phaeodidymae. Mycelium superficiale ramosum, septatum.

This genus differs from Hysterostomina in the presence of free mycehum, and from

Lembosiodothis in the absence of sub-cuticular bands. The hypostroma is deep-seated in

the tissues and is not sub-cuticular.

MacOwaniella congesta (Wint.), Doidge.

Syn. Lembosia congesta Wint., Syll. Fung. IX, p. 1105 [Wint. Exot. Pilze in Flora,

1884, p. 9].

On leaves and stems of Carissa arduina, Lemana, Zoutpansberg, 14.8.11, Doidge

[1786]; Isipingo Beach, Natal, 21.5.17, Doidge [10155]; Cango Valley, Oudtshoorn

Dist., 9.11.17, Doidge [10898]; Woodville Forest, George, 11.11.17, Doidge [10929] ;

Howiesons Poort, Grahamstown, 17.11.17, Doidge [10960]; lLovedale, Alice, 18.11.17,

Doidge [10979]; Hoges Back, C.P., 15.1.18, J. and M. Henderson [11345]; Grahams-

town, 1917 [11369].

On Carissa grandiflora, Isipingo, Natal, 27.3.18, Bottomley [11380]; Krantzkloof,

Natal, 26.5.15, Doidge [8983].

On Carissa acunvnata, Stella Bush, Durban, 7.4.18, Bottomley [11381].

This fungus was originally described by Winter from material collected by MacOwan.

In his “ Lembosia-studien ” [Ann. Myc. XI (1913), p. 457], Theissen mentions this

species, and dismisses it with a single sentence: “ Der Beschreibung Winter’s ist nur

hinzuzufiigen, dass die an hyalinen Hyphenbiischel enstehenden Konidien sichelférmig

sind, einzellig, beid endig spitz, farblos, 204% x 2.” However, he omits it from his

synopsis of species, and from this one would gather that he was doubtful about its

systematic position.

The fungus on Carissa arduina is very common throughout the country, and with

the abundant material at my disposal 1 have made a careful study of sections through

the host, and find that it has a very abundant and well-developed hypostroma. It must

therefore be placed in the Polystomellaceae. It differs from Hysterostomina in the presence

of fairly well-developed superficial mycelium. I have therefore made it the type of a

new genus MacOwamella.

MacOwamella congesta occurs on the younger branches of Carissa spp., less frequently

on the leaves. Stromata, superficial, round or elliptic or irregular in shape up to 4 mm.

diameter ; loculi linear, straight, curved, or flexuous, closely crowded, irregularly arranged,

500-800 » long and 180-220 » broad ; less frequently oval, attenuated towards both ends,

280-340 » x 160-175; rarely almost circular, 160-190 1 diam., 120-140» high, de-

hiscing by a longitudinal shit. Hypothecium pseudo-cellular, colourless or light brown

in centre, consisting of thin-walled plectenchyma. Covering membrane radial in structure.

Hypostroma strongly developed, penetrating deep into the tissues, forming closely

packed masses of interwoven hyphae in the intercellular spaces and in the cells. These

are especially evident in the epidermal and sub-epidermal cells under the fruiting bodies,

where at intervals the hyphal mass becomes thick walled and dark brown to black in

colour, and is connected with the ascostroma by slender, brown to black, fungous pegs

about 6 wu thick, which pierce the cuticle. At or near the point where the cuticle is pierced

the dark hyphae often penetrate laterally into the cuticle for a short distance.

Asci oblong to clavate, attenuated into a short foot, eight-spored, paraphysate,

60-70 » x 21-26. Paraphyses filiform, often forked at the apex, tips more or less

conglutinate. Spores conglobate or sub-distichous, oblong, 1-septate, constricted, fuscous

when mature, 17-18 u x 7-9 u.

Mycelium on the leaves well developed, fuscous, undulating, abundantly branched,

and anastomosing, with a few sessile, dark brown, hemispherical hyphopodia, 6-5-8 u x

6-5 on the primary hyphae; mycelium on the branches not so well developed, hyphae

straighter, more slender, 3-5-5 thick, branches parallel, with occasional elongated

reticulations.

9. Asterodothis solaris (K. and Cke.) Theiss.

Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 179; Amn. Mye. XIII (1915), p. 232.

Syn. Asterina solaris K. and Cke., Grevillea IX, p. 33; Syll. Fung. I, p. 42, on

Olea verrucosa, South Africa, Rabh. W., F. Eur. 365.

Lembosia albersuw P. Henn., Bot. Jahrb. XXVIII, p. 39; Syll. Fung. XVII, p.

897, on Elaeodendron sp., Hast Africa.

Seyesia elegantula Syd., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 1910, p. 463; Syll. Fung. XXII,

p. 522, on Xymalos sp., Uganda.

On Olea verrucosa leg. MacOwan, 3991, Rabh. F. Eur. 3651; Wellington, C.P.,

10.11.10, Doidge [1033]; Langholm Estates, Bathurst Dist., 14.7.19, Doidge [12346] ;

Barberton, 30.2.15, Thorneroft [8826].

On Olea exasperata, Belmont Valley, Grahamstown, 15.1.17, Doidge [10955].

On Olea capensis, Van Stadens Pass, 17.5.18, Pole Evans [11444]; Hoggs Back, C.P.,

15.1.18, J. and M. Henderson [11339]; Paddock, Natal, 22.12.13, V. d. Bijl [8875].

On Olea woodiana, Kast London, 24.11.17, Doidge [10902].

On Olea laurifolia, Hoggs Back, C.P., 15.1.18, J. and M. Henderson [11343]; Kirsten-

bosch, December, 1916, Glover [10043]; Howiesons Poort, Grahamstown, 12.7.19, Doidge

[12387]; Fort Cunynghame, March, 1915 [8896]; Schwarzwald, Victoria East, C.P.,

11.8.15, V. d. Bil [9464].

On Elaeodendron croceum, Kentani, 20.7.12, Pegler [2533]; Pirie Forest, King-

williamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [12288]; Knysna, 3.6.12, Pienaar [2435].

On Hlaeodendron capense, Grahamstown, 13.12.11, Burtt-Davy [2070]; Pirie Forest,

Kingwilliamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [12295].

Stromata amphigenous but more frequently epiphyllous, forming dark brown to black,

orbicular spots up to 2-4 mm. diam. These are usually quite distinctly radiate and

fibrillar in structure, even to the naked eye.

The hypostroma may be detected within the leaf, lying between the epidermis and

the palisade cells, and pushing down between the latter. In the Hlaeodendron spp. there

is more than one row of epidermal cells ; but even then the internal mycelium penetrates

between all the rows of cells as far as the palisade tissue. At certain points the hypo-

stroma becomes much thickened and a hyphal mass is produced above the palisade cells

which gives rise to a short, dark, cylindrical column of perpendicular prosenchymatous

structure. This column or foot ruptures the epidermis and the hyphae composing it

flatten out horizontally and form the stroma ; certain of the hyphae form a hypothecium

about 104 thick, and others growing to a higher level produce the radial covering

membrane. The illustration of the stroma of Asterodothis solaris in the Annales Myco-

logici [13 (1915), Tafel I, Fig. 10] is somewhat misleading, as it depicts the loculi in close

contact with the central column. This is not always the case, as in the large number of

sections examined of the fungus on various hosts the central part of the stroma was

sterile and the loculi were at some little distance, closely crowded, forming a sort of crown

round central point or being irregularly scattered about the centre.

The central part of the stroma as seen in a surface section may be parenchymatous

in structure, in which case the loculi show as small mounds; but frequently the loculi

appear as dense black bodies borne on radiating hyphal strands which are more or less

connected with one another. The loculi (external measurement) are round 200-250 u

diam., or oval, 250-300 u x 140-200; they dehisce irregularly by a stellate or longi-

tudinal fissure.

In section the loculi are 120-160 u high, and are connected with the intramatrical

hypostroma by numerous dark coloured fungus pegs which pass through the stromata.

This fact is not mentioned by Theissen.

Radiating from the stroma are numerous hyphae which are almost straight, dark brown,

septate, 5-6 ». thitk; these often become adnate by their radial walls and form hyphal

strands. The hyphae produce branches, which form acute angles with the parent hypha.

On the hyphae are borne numerous outgrowths which may be regarded as rudimentary

setae or bristles. These are sometimes very short and almost like hyphopodia in appear-

ance; more frequently they are more or less erect, truncate, and up to 25u x 7-8uy.

On the hyphae are also borne very dark brown, club-shaped conidia, which are 3-4 septate,

blunt at the ends, and 36-424 x 11-12 un.

The fruiting layer is flat and the asci parallel, oval to clavate, eight-spored, 70-90 u x

24-28 u. Paraphyses numerous, filiform. Spores distichous, ellipsoid, reddish-brown,

smooth, 27-31 u long, upper cell 10-12 » broad, lower cell 8-10 uw broad.

The spores have a peculiar method of germination, the germ tubes appearing on the

medial constriction between the two loculi, one on each side.

A fungus with a similar conidia to Asterodothis solaris has been collected on Myrsine

melanophleos [10908] and [8995], but unfortunately neither of these two collections bear

mature ascostromata.

10. Polyrhizon bewsii n. sp.

On living leaves of Hlaeodendron aethiopicum, Bisley, near Maritzburg, Natal, 11.4.17,

Bews [10087]; 20.7.18, Doidge [11592].

Stromata amphigenous, scattered, raised, round to irregular, about 1 mm. diam.,

simple or compound, in the latter case 2-3 or more stromata arising close together become

confluent. There is no discoloration of the leaf tissues in the neighbourhood of the

stroma.

Intramatrical mycelium copious, consisting of colourless hyphae 3-5-4 u. thick, filling

the intercellular spaces and penetrating nght through the leaf so that stromata are usually

formed at corresponding points on the upper and lower surface, one being older than the

other. Hach stroma is attached to the leaf by a central foot, which is a continuation of

the brown compact hypostroma formed in the epidermal and sub-epidermal cells. This

foot is 80-160 » thick, and is continued into the stroma, forming a dark, cellular hypo-

thecium, around which the loculi are arranged. Apart from the central foot the stromata

are unattached, lying free on the leaf surface. In old stromata the asci above the foot

break away, leaving a cavity, so that the loculi have the appearance of being arranged

in a circle around a sterile centre.

Covering membrane black, carbonaceous, radiating in structure at margin, rugose.

Diameter of a single stroma is 700-1000 1; height, excluding foot, 200-270 u.

Asci paraphysate, briefly pedicellate, eight-spored, 70-100 » x 30-45 u, ovate, thick-

walled round apex, with conglobate spores when immature ; later becoming more elongated,

clavate, with distichous spores. Paraphyses linear, about 3-5 » thick. Spores two-celled,

almost black, opaque, slightly constricted, ellipsoid, upper loculus slightly larger, 30-33 u x

13 -5-15 p.

Polyrhizon bewsw Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena, orbicularia, atra, carbonacea, circ. 1 mm. diam., centro affixa,

e l-pluribus ascomatibus circinantibus concreta. Ascomata partialia, pede centrali

80-160 u er., epidermide innata, versus marginum radiato-contexta, 700-1000 » diam.,

200-270 » alto, loculis rotundatis, immersis. Asci paraphysati, clavati, breviter pedi-

cellati, octospori, 70-100 » x 30-45 uw, paraphysibus linearibus, 3-5 u cr. Sporae didumae,

brunneae, opacae, leniter constrictae, elongatae, loculo supero paullo majore, 30-33 4 x

13 -5-15 wp.

Hab. in folis Hlaeodendri aethiopici, Natal, 1.9.17, leg. Bews et Doidge [10087] et

[11592].

11. Placoasterella rehmii (P. Henn.) Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 237.

Syn. Asterella rehmii P. Henn., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVII, p. 114; Sacc. Syll. Fung.

Xx, Wo ADL.

On Aloe arborescens, Ripplemead, Dohne, Stutterheim Dist., 25.2.15, Bell Edmonds

8899].

a Aloe mitriformis, Montague Baths, December, 1915, Pole Evans [9417].

On Aloe natalensis, Botanic Gardens, Maritzburg, 8.4.11, Pole Evans [1440].

On Aloe sp., New Hanover, Natal, 9.9.13, V. d. Bijl [8892].

This fungus was originally described as occurring in Abyssinia on Aloe abyssimca and

Aloe maculata.

Aerial mycelium not very copious, consisting of brown hyphae, 3-5-5 wu thick, very

tortuous, branched, and anastomosing. Stromata scattered or confluent in small groups,

either round, 150-200 » diam., or more frequently elliptic, 200-280 » x 120-1504; im

the latter case straight or curved; when two or three are confluent the stroma often

appears to be forked; dehiscing by an irregular, round, or elongated fissure.

The cuticle of the leaf is stained with a red pigment where it has been attacked by the

fungus, and the discoloration spreads into the palisade cells. The discoloured parts of

the leaf tissue are swollen, so that the stromata lie on round, reddish or brown blisters,

which are up to 5 mm. diam., and which are often so numerous as to become confluent.

Hypostroma epidermal, filling certain of the epidermal cells with dark hyphal balls,

especially under the centre of the superficial fruiting bodies ; mycelial strands also penetrate

between the palisade cells.

Fruiting body usually unilocular, 60-80 » high, with a thin black outer wall. Asci

oval to clavate, aparaphysate, eight-spored, apedicellate, thick-walled round apex, staining

brick red with iodine, 36-40 u x 224-25. Spores brown, two-celled, constricted ellip-

soid, cells almost equal, upper loculus somewhat broader, 18-23% x 8-10 up.

12. Hysterostoma orbiculata Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 239.

Syn. Dothidasteromella orbiculata Syd., Ann. Myce. X (1912), p. 41.

On Olea verrucosa, Wellington, C.P., 18.11.10, Doidge [1031]; Port Elizabeth,

17.10.09, West (immature) [1870].

In renaming this fungus, Theissen and Syd. (loc. cet.) remark that the species has been

described from insufficient material, and that the diagnosis could be much improved after

studying well-developed specimens.

There is in the National Herbarium abundant material of the same collection as the

type [1031], and much of this is in excellent condition. I am, however, only able to add

a few details to the description cited above.

Stromata usually epiphyllous, less commonly hypophyllous, circular in outline,

dull black, 4-6 mm. in diameter, carbonaceous; the surface is rough and traversed by

deep fissures or clefts. Hach stroma is surrounded by a radiating fringe of hyphae, which

are septate, 4-6 » thick, and run parallel to one another. These hyphae are, as a rule,

not branched, and are often fused by their lateral walls into hyphal strands, but are not

compacted into a stroma.

The central part of the stroma consists of numerous loculi, which are irregularly

arranged ; they are round to irregular in shape and very closely crowded, 250-300 vu. in

diameter. The lateral walls are almost perpendicular, the total height of the ascostroma

being 240-270 u. The outer covering is radial in structure, and it breaks down irregularly

at maturity.

There appear to be no stomata on the upper surface of the leaf of Olea verrucosa,

but there are at intervals folds or clefts in the cuticle similar to those beneath which

the guard cells are formed on the lower surface. The hypostroma of the fungus is found

in the epidermal cells, between the epidermis and the cuticle and in the thickness of the

cuticle itself; here it is pseudo-cellular and dark brown. There is also an almost con-

tinuous layer of colourless, interwoven hyphae lying between the epidermis and the

palisade cells and penetrating into the upper part of the latter. The dark-coloured

hypostroma breaks through the leaf, often at the clefts mentioned above; the cuticle is

split irregularly in several directions, and through the fissures thus formed the hypostromal

tissue grows and produces the fruiting bodies, the hypothecium being in direct connection

with the hypostroma at several points under each loculus.

The hypothecium is brown, similar in texture to the hypostroma in the epidermal

cells and cuticle, but less dense; it is about 90-100 » high in the centre of each loculus,

where it forms an irregular cushion, on which the asci are borne, and becomes much

thinner at the periphery, measuring about 45 u. Asci elongated, club-shaped, paraphysate,

eight-spored, thick walled round the apex, 75-140 u x 16-32. Paraphyses numerous,

filiform, 2-3 » thick, becoming more or less conglutinate at the tips and forming an

epithecial layer. The asci do not react to iodine, but stain a brick-red colour. Spores

usually distichous, oblong, medially uniseptate, brown, thick walled, 30-34 4 « 12-15 p,

upper loculus very slightly broader and more broadly rounded than the lower.

13. Isipinga Doidge, nov. gen. Polystomellacearum.

Mycelium superficialum, ramosum, septatum, hyphopodiatum. Stromata super-

ficialia ex hypostromate subcuticulari oriunda, pluries affixa. Loculi inordinate dispositi,

rotundati vel elliptici (non lineares). Asci paraphysati, octospori. Sporae phaeodidymae.

This genus differs from Hysterostoma Theiss. in the presence of a well-developed

aerial mycelium, and from Asterodothis in the absence of a central column or foot.

Isipinga areolata n. sp.

On leaves of Huclea natalensis, Isipingo Beach, Natal, 21.5.17, Doidge [10153] ;

13.5.13, Doidge [6647]; near Durban, Natal, 25.5.97, Medley Wood [9520] (Wood

No. 6447); 25.5.15, Doidge [S986] aelsn lets: Wed. Bijl (11363).

Hypophyllous, usually near the reflexed leaf margin, less frequently scattered over

the whole under-surface of the leaf, forming circular, dull-black areas, 5-15 mm. diam.,

often coalescing and forming irregular black blotches, especially along the leaf margins ;

stromata scattered and visible as small denser black points.

Aerial mycelium well developed, hyphae fuscous, 3-5-5 » thick, branching sade and

anastomosing to form regular, circular, or slightly oval areolae, 30-50 p. diam. : hypho-

podia unicellular, darker than the hyphae, ovate or ellipsoid, straight or curved, 8-10 a SX

5 yu. Stromata scattered, circular or oval, opaque black, 300-350 diam. or about

400 » x 240 u, formed of radiating cells; arising from a subcuticular hypostroma which

breaks through the cuticle to form the stromata in the cavities above the sunken stomata ;

stromata attached to host at several points by dark brown or black fungous pegs, whic h

are up to 20 » thick where they penetrate the cuticle ; height of fruiting body i is 80-100 p,

each stroma containing several round to irregular loculi : the dark covering membrane

slopes gradually towards the leaf surface at the circumference of the stroma. Loculi

dehisce at maturity by irregular fissures in the covering membrane.

Paraphyses fairly numerous, hyaline, linear, about 3 y thick, slightly exceeding the

asci. Asci eight-spored, ovate or broadly ellipsoid, thick walled round apex, 50-654

33-40 w, not reacting to iodine, but staining a sort of brick-red colour. Spores tristichous

or conglobate, brown, two-celled, 27-32 » x 13-13-5 u, constricted, upper loculus larger.

Isipinga areolata Doidge, n. sp.

Mycelium hypophyllum, bene evolutum, ramosum, areolatum ex hyphis 3-5-5 p

erassis, anastomosantibus, hyphopodiis continuis, ovatis v. ellipsoideis, rectis v. curvatis,

8-10 u x 5y, compositum. Stromata sparsa, rotundata vy. elliptica, atra, opaca, 300-350 u.

diam.; v. elliptica, cire. 400% x 240, radiatim contexta, hypostromate subcuticulare

oriunda, pluries affixa. Loculi inordinate dispositi, 80-100 » alti. Asci octospori, ovati

vel late ellipsoidei, 50-654 x 33-40 u, paraphysate ; paraphysibus filiformis, hyalinis,

3 u crassis. Sporae tristichae v. conglobatae, brunneae, l-septatae, 27-32. < 13-13-5u

constrictae loculo supero, paullo majore.

Hab. in foliis Hucleae natalensis, Isipingo, Natal, 21.5.17, leg. Doidge [10153].

14. Isipinga contorta Doidge.

Syn. Dothidasteromella contorta Doidge, Trans. Roy. Soc. of 8.A. VIII, Part 3, 1920.

On leaves of Trichocladus ellipticus, Branders’ High Forest, Victoria East, 14.8.15,

V. d. Bil [9462]; Pirie Forest, Kingwilliamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [12298].

Forms small, dull-black, round, or irregular areas on upper surface of the leaves ;

the leaf tissues become discoloured in the neighbourhood of the fungus, right through to

the lower epidermis. Aerial mycelium well developed, primary hyphae long, radiating,

fuscous, 3-3-5 py thick, with unicellular hyphopodia which are alternate or unilateral,

subslobose, 6-7 u diam.; between the radiating hyphae there is a densely interwoven

mass of paler secondary hy phae which are very tortuous and crumpled, copiously branched,

and anastomosing. Stromata scattered, opaque, black, 250-3504 diam., with radiating

structure, unilocular, attached at several points, and arising from a well-developed sub-

cuticular hypostroma. Asci paraphysate, ellipsoid, or ovate, very briefly stipitate, straight

or curved, 55-80% x 20-254; paraphyses numerous, linear, flexuose, or somewhat

crumpled. Spores distichous or conglobate, 1-septate, slightly constricted, upper loculus

broader, 16-20 un x 8-10u.

15. Polystomella caulicola n. sp.

On stems of Asparagus sp., banks of Orange River, Aliwal North, 11.1.12, Pienaar

[2093].

Stromata caulicolous, usually irregularly elliptic to linear in outline, elongated in a

direction parallel with the stem axis, up to 8 mm. long, varying in width, 80-100 u high ;

often confluent and quite irregular in outline, attached at many points; surface rough,

dull black. Covering membrane black, carbonaceous, formed of radiating hyphae about

3-5 thick and consisting of numerous Microthyrium-like discs fused together at the

edges ; the membrane covers a number of flattened loculi which are 100-150 » diam. and

80-90 wu high, and are separated by thin walled plectenchyma which are colourless or light

brown. Hypothecium delicate, thin, colourless. Asci paraphysate, cylindrical-clavate,

eight-spored, briefly pedicellate, 50-70 » x 18-20 u. Spores distichous, ellipsoid, hyaline,

two-celled, very slightly constricted, cells sub-equal, 17-20 » x 6-8-5 u (not quite mature).

Hypostroma well developed in the epidermis and penetrating into the sub-epidermal

cells.

Polystomella caulicola Doidge, n. sp.

Stromata caulicola, elongata, usque 8 mm. longa, 80-100 p» alta, pluries affixa, mem-

brana una radiato e cellulis 3-5 w er. contexta, carbonacea, ex pluribus quasi-Microthyrus

conflata tecta, ex hypothecio epidermali oriunda. Loculi rotundati, 100-150» diam.,

80-90 w alti, hypothecio tenue, hyaline. Asci paraphysati, cylindracei v. clavati, octo-

spori, breviter pedicellati, 50-70 » x 18-20%. Sporae distichae, ellipsoidae, hyalodidymae,

leniter constrictae, loculus subaequalibus, 17-20%. x 6-8-5 u (vix maturis).

Hab. in caulibus Asparagi sp., Aliwal North, 11.1.12, leg. Pienaar [2093].

16. Palawaniella Doidge, nov. gen. Polystomellacearwm.

Stromata superficialia, orbicularia, pluries affixa, hypostromate in epidermide bene

evoluto, radiato-contexta, carbonacea; mycelio libero nullo; loculis e medio evoluto,

plus minusve annulatim dispositis, sed discretis, rotundatis ; hypothecium tenue; asci

paraphysati, octospori; sporae phaeodidymae.

This genus differs from Palawania chiefly in the centrifugal development of the

stromata, and in the epidermal, rather than sub-epidermal hypostroma. It differs from

Pleiostomella in the brown, two-celled spores; the loculi are less definitely arranged in

concentric rings.

Palawaniella eucleae n. sp.

On living leaves of Huclea macrophylla, Howiesons Poort, near Grahamstown, 12.7.19,

Doidge [12375]. ‘

Stromata epiphyllous, scattered, round, 4-7 mm. diam., loculi developing centrifugally

and arranged in more or less definite concentric circles; these show first of all as minute

black points, which increase in size up to 160-500». diam.; in the centre the loculi are

very closely crowded ; towards the circumference they are more scattered, but in either

case they are round to oblong, discrete, 80-90 ». high, adnate with their whole base to the

substratum. The outer wall is radial in structure and splits at maturity by irregular

stellate or, less frequently, longitudinal fissures.

Hypostroma well developed, formed of fuliginous hyphae which form compact balls

in the epidermal cells; hyphae may often be traced running between the palisade cells

and the epidermal cells, and so connecting adjacent loculi. There are no stomata on the

upper surface of the leaf and the cuticle is not ruptured, the ascus-bearing stroma being

connected with the hypostroma in the epidermal cells by numerous fine, colourless fila-

ments, which penetrate the cuticle; these are about 1-1-5 thick. Hypothecium thin,

colourless.

Asci paraphysate, eight-spored, very briefly pedicellate, clavate to ovate, thick walled

at apex, 43-57 u x 23-274; they do not react to iodine. Paraphyses very numerous,

hyaline, filiform 2-5-3 thick, slightly exceeding the asci. Spores distichous or con-

globate, ellipsoid, two-celled, fuscous, later brown, very slightly constricted, cells almost

equal, 20-21 x 8-5-10u.

Palawamella eucleae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata ascophora epiphylla, superficialia, sparsa, 4-7 mm. diam., radiato-contexta ;

hypostromati epidermali; loculi numerosi, e medio evoluti plus minusve concentrice

dispositi, sed discreti, rotundati v. elliptici, 160-500 u lati, 80-90 ». alti; hypothecio tenue.

Asci paraphysati, octospori, brevissime pedicellati, clavati v. ovati, ad apicem incrassati,

43-57 4 x 23-27%; paraphysibus numerosis, hyalinis, filiformis, sporae distichae v.

conglobatae, ellipticae, medio septatae, brunneae, leniter constrictae, loculis subaequalibus,

20-21 uw x 8-5-10u.

Hab. in foliis Hucleae macrophyllae, Howiesons Poort, 12.7.19, leg. Doidge [12375].

Fig. 3.—Section through loculus of Palawaniella eucleae.

i7. Pleiostomella Halleriae n. sp.

On Halleria lucida, Louis Trichardt, 8.4.19, Putterill [11847]; Van Stadens Pass,

C.P., 13.11.17, Doidge [10872]; Howiesons Poort, Grahamstown, 17.11.17, Doidge

[10959]; Buccleuch, Natal, 17.7.18, Doidge [11585]; Howiesons Poort, 12.7.19, Doidge

[12384].

i) On Halleria elliptica, Kentani, 4.12.15, Pegler (Pegler 2348) [9163].

Stromata epiphyllous, superficial, scattered, round, up to 3 mm. diam., obscurely

brown, 100-115 u high, attached at many points, radiate in structure, with an opaque,

rugose covering membrane 30-45 thick; hypothecium brown, 30-36 y thick, loculi

numerous, densely crowded in concentric circles, but discrete, round, 190-250 py. diam.,

or becoming oval by crowding and then 250-280 » x 1604. Hypostroma epidermal, but

occasionally, in centre of stroma, more deeply seated and invading the palisade cells.

Asci ovate, 50 y x 26-33 u or clavate, 66-70 u x 20-23 u, thickened at apex, eight-spored ;

paraphyses hyaline, linear, about 1-54 thick, soon disappearing. Spores distichous or

tristichous, at first equally or sub-equally 1-septate, constricted, later muriform, usually

transversely 5 (rarely) 7-septate, and with a longitudinal septum running the length of

spore, rarely constricted at secondary septa ; septa very delicate, plasma granular, hyaline

(mature?) 22-244 x 9-10 u. Asci stain brick-red with iodine.

Pleiostomella Halleriae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata ascophora superficialia, sparsa, rotundata, usque 3 mm. diam., obscure

brunnea, 100-115 y alta, radiato-contexta, pluries affixa; hypostromate epidermali ;

strato tegente opaco, 30-45 u crasso; loculi numerosi, dense concentrique dispositi, sed

discreti, 190-250 » diam., vel elliptici, 250-280 1 x 160. Asci ovati, 504 x 26-33 up,

vel clavati, 66-70 uw « 22-23 u, ad apicem incrassati, octospori, paraphysati ; paraphysibus

filiformis, mox mucosis praesentibus. Sporae distichae v. tristichae, oblongae, utrinque

rotundatae, hyalinae (an semper ?) medio v. paullo supra medium septatae, deinde trans-

verse 5, rare 7 septatae, septis tenuissimis, cellulis pluribus v. omnibus septo longitudinali

divisis, plasmate granuloso, 22-244 x 9-10 up.

Hab. in foliis Halleriae lucidae, Louis Trichardt, 8.4.19, leg. Putterill [11847].

18. Diplochorella amphimelaena (Mont.) Theiss. and Syd.

Ann. Myc., 1914, p. 277.

Syn. Dothidea amphimelaena Mont.

Ann. Sc., Nat. II, Ser. t. XX, p. 372. Syll. Crypt., p. 222.

Homostegia amphimelaena Sace. Syll. Fing. II, p. 650.

Phyllachora osyridis Cke., Grevillea XIII, p. 64.

Dothidella osyridis Berl. et Vogl., Syll. Fung. IX, p. 1038.

Dothidella osyridis var. tassiana Sacc., Syll. Fung. XIV, p. 676.

Microcyclus osyridis Sacc., Ann. Myce. II, 1904, p. 165.

Microcyclus tassianus Syd., Ann. Mye. II, 1904, p. 165.

On Osyris compressa, Muizenberg, C.P., 1883, MacOwan (Rabh. Wint. Fung. Eur.

3562) [3902]; Port Elizabeth, 23.3.11, Doidge [1243]; St. James, Capetown, 10.12.11,

Pole Evans [1982]; Kloof Neck, Capetown, 24.2.12, Doidge [2155]; Muizenberg, 12.4.12,

Beardmore [2292]; Belmont Valley, Grahamstown, 15.11.17, Doidge [10954]; Kalk Bay,

January, 1918, Potts [11302].

Compound stromata, circular, 2-3 mm. diam., forming flat, raised discs on both sides

of the leaf, with almost vertical edges, silver grey on the surface, thickly beset with

erumpent punctiform, dull black bodies about 50 diam., which eventually cover the

whole surface. The densely crowded loculi develop under the epidermis—the apex of

each separately rupturing the epidermis—and become somewhat raised above it. Gradually

the part of the epidermis intermediate between the apices of the loculi disappears and

the surface becomes altogether black. The leaf is normally 500-550 u thick, but through

the action of the fungus on both leaf surfaces it is often up to 1300 u thick. The central

leaf tissue is colourless and free from fungous stroma to a thickness of 700 4; above and

below this the stromatic layer develops, which is again differentiated into two layers, the

outer composed of the loculi and the inner of the basal hyphal stroma. The first consists

of closely crowded, perithecium-like loculi, which are 120 u high and 85-95 » diam., and

which are more or less connected laterally. From the base of the loculi the hyphae of the

vegetative stroma run vertically inwards, forming a fairly sharply defined stromatic plate

120-170 uw thick. The loculi are typically composed of grey-brown, laterally compressed

cells which are 14-15 uw long, 5 » thick, and 8-9 wu broad, and are in close contact by their

flat sides. These hyphae sometimes penetrate inwards in more or less compact strands,

but only to a limited depth, and the intermediate leaf tissue is not destroyed. Towards

the base of the loculi the greater part of the flat cells become polyhedral or regularly elliptic

and somewhat smaller and form a sort of wall round the loculi consisting of a few concentric

layers of cells; they also fill up the spaces between the loculi; the cells are dark brown

and thick walled. There is apparently no stromatic connection between the stromata on

the upper and lower leaf surfaces.

Asci aparaphysate, basal, short cylindrical, 354 x 12, apedicellate, eight-spored.

Spores polystichous, hyaline, two-celled, 12-13 1 x 4 u, constricted at the septum ; lower

cell twice the length of the upper.

a SSS qc131~4a1a“4ar

SSI

By AA

NY: Wo s

\ « wh) : Ne

es OG ~ yO NY \

Ay IY eee EH”

FF OW MB WY ok

BEES QI Gg

NS \\ \\’ \\

Fig. 4.—Montagnella maxima.

19. Montagnella maxima Mass.

Gardener’s Chronicle, 1899, p. 291, c.ie.; Syll. Fung. XVI, p. 630.

Ann. Myc. XVI, p. 630; Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 638, Fig. 4.

On Aloe ferox, Port Elizabeth, 24.3.12, Doidge [2274]; Uitenhage, 15.5.12, Pienaar

[2496]; Graaff-Reimet, 1.4.12, Burtt-Davy [5156].

On Aloe platylepis, Port Elizabeth, 23.3.11, Doidge [1312].

This fungus forms large raised galls about 1 mm. high; on both sides of the leaf,

they are circular or oval and up to 1 em. diam. The stroma breaks through the epidermis,

forming a number of little furrows which are arranged in numerous concentric circles.

The vegetative stroma extends perpendicularly downwards into the gall tissue, filling the

intercellular spaces with smooth, light brown hyphae 34$-4 thick; before they break

through the epidermis these become collected together and form a thick compact weft,

on which are formed in groups the narrow, almost free loculi. These in section are 135 p

high and 100 » diam., the stromatice base of each group being 160-240 » thick. Asei basal,

aparaphysate, broadly clavate to oval, very briefly pedicellate, 58-68 1 x 30-40 1; spores

brown, tristichous, oblong, 30u x 6-8 u, four-celled, constricted in the middle, rounded

at both ends, straight.

20. Elmerococcum peglerae (Pole Evans) Doidge.

Syn. Montagnella peglerae Pole Evans, Ann. Bolus Herb. II, p. 5.

On leaves of Myrsine melanophleos, Kentani, 3.4.12, Pegler [2206]; May, 1913,

Pegler [6620].

Stromata hypophyllous, black, punctiform, not more than 0-5 mm. diam., attached

to the leaf by a central foot which breaks out thrvugh a stoma. The central foot gives

rise to a thick basal cushion of sterile plectenchyma, on which are borne the small bolster-

shaped ascostroma and one or two sub-spherical pycnidia, both being flattened laterally

by contact. The stroma is often surrounded by a short sparse fringe of fuscous hyphae,

which are septate and 3-3-5 yp thick. Ascostroma 300-430 4%. x 200-270. and about

80-90 u high, unilocular ; wall consisting of polyhedral plectenchyma. Asci paraphysate,

oval to clavate, very briefly pedicellate, 60-70 u x 23-27; paraphyses not numerous,

filiform, exceeding the asci. Spores distichous, hyaline, 3-septate, clavate to ellipsoid,

not constricted, 27-30 » x 9-10 u. Pyenidia 160-200 » diam.; conidia very numerous,

minute, bacilloid.

Elmerococcum peglerae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata erumpenti-superficialia, centro affixa, orbicularia v. elliptica, usque 5 mm.

diam. ; ascostroma unica et pycnidia unica vel dua in quaque stromati aggregata. Asco-

stromata nigra, perithecioidea, elliptica 300-430 1 longa, 200-270 u. lata, 80-90 uw alta.

Asci ovati vel clavati, paraphysati, breviter pedicellati, 60-70 » x 23-27 u. Sporae

distichae, hyaline, 3-septatae 27-30. « 9-10 yu. Pyenidia rotundata 160-200 yp. diam. ;

conidiis minutis bacillaribus.

Hab. in foliis Myrsine melanophleos, Kentani, 3.4.12, Pegler [2206]; May, 1913,

Pegler [6620].

21. Rosenscheldia horridula n. sp.

On living leaves of Olea capensis, Umgeni Beach, Durban, 4.6.12, Pole Evans [3149] ;

Kast London, 19.7.19, Doidge [12411].

On Olea woodiana, East London, 24.11.17, Doidge [10903].

Stromata usually hypophyllous, less frequently epiphyllous, very numerous, but not

large, up to 2 mm. diam. Often larger, irregular stromata are formed by confluence.

In the intercellular spaces under “the epidermis the hyphae are colourless eae closely

packed, passing over into a darker coloured mass of round-polygonal cells 5-6-5 u diam.

This layer of dark, thick-walled cells is rather irregular and here and there nea trates

deeper into the le af tissues. From this stromatic base arise very numerous, closely

crowded, cylindrical or club-shaped bodies 200-240 » high, 96-160 u thick at the base

160-200 » thick at the apex. This column has the same prosenchymatous structure as

the basal stroma. In the upper, broader part of each there is a single loculus sunk in the

stroma; this has no separate wall, but is covered by the polygonal-celled hyphal weft

of the stroma column. The cells of this covering layer are larger than those at the base,

being 7-10 yu diam.

In this species of Rosenscheldia the sterile part of the column is very short, the loculus

being sub-spherical 100-150 diam. Asci basal, clustered, eight-spored, paraphysate,

narrow-clavate, thickened round apex, 55-70 » x 16-17 uy. Paraphyses numerous, filiform.

Spores distichous, four-celled, fuscous, clavate, 20-22 » long, 6-6-5 u thick at the broad

end.

Rosenscheldia horridula Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata plerumque hypophylla, minuta, usque 2 mm. diam., v. confluenda majores,

columnata, columnis cylindraceis v. clavatis, dense aggregatis, 200-240 altis, base

96-160 wu, apice 160-200 » crassis. Loculi apicales singuli in quaque columna, stromate

apicale tegentes, 100-150 u diam. Asci paraphysati, octospori, clavati, ad apicem incras-

sati, 55-70 up x 16-17 1; paraphysibus numerosis, filiformis. Sporae distichae, 3-septatae,

fuscae, clavatae, 20-224 x 6-6-5 uy.

Hab. in foliis Oleae capensis, Durban, 4.6.12, leg. Pole Evans [5149].

22. Auerswaldia examinans (M. et B.) Sacc.

Syll. Fung. II, p. 626.

Syn. Dothidea examinans M. et B.—BI. Javan, 520.

Sphaerva excaminans Mont. et Berk—Hooker’s Lond. Journ. Bot. I, p. 156.

On bark of old seedling citrus tree, Krantzkloof, Natal, 7.4.14, Bell [7733].

Auerswaldia examinans was originally described as occurring on the bark of a tree

in Java. The South African specimen agrees with the description given in the Annales

Mycologici (XIII, 1915, p. 298), except that the loculi are somewhat larger.

The bark is thickly beset with the erumpent, dull black, tuberculate stromata in all

stages of growth, from the youngest which are punctiform to the mature columns with

a length of 800 u. The surface is rough, granular, covered with the somewhat mammillate

protruding apices of the locul.

The stroma develops under the bark, spreading considerably, and breaking through

at several points develops the stromatal columns in which the loculi are formed. The

hyphae forming the column are pendicular to the hypostroma, towards the apex becoming

indistinctly cellular. In the young fruiting bodies only the hypostroma and the outer

layer of the column is dark coloured. The loculi he in the upper part of the column, and

are 140-160» x 120-150 u, circular to ellipsoid, and sunken in the stroma, the latter

being raised in a series of minute peaks over the apices of the loculi. The loculi are not

ostiolate, dehiscing by the rupture of the outer stromatic wall. Asci basal, clavate-

cylindrical, 65 4 x 18, with a short, broad foot 12% long. Spores distichous, brown,

one-celled, oblong-ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, 20-24%. x 10-11 yu.

23. Dothidina disciformis (Wint.) Theiss. and Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 304.

Syn. Auerswaldia disciformis Wint.—Hedwigia XXIII, 1884, p. 170; Syll. Fung.

IX, p. 1033.

On leaves of Myrica sp., near Capetown, 1883, MacOwan (Rabh. Wint. Fung. Eur.

3063) [8403]; Krantzkloof, Natal, 14.8.14, V. d. Bil [8396]; Uganda, March, 1916,

Dummer [11986].

Stromata on both sides of the leaf, round or irregular, often angular, 2-5 mm. broad,

forming black, comparatively smooth cushions, raised 200-300 » above the leaf surface.

The epidermis, which is filled with stroma, at first covers the true stroma, but later it

becomes torn and pushed back, and is also torn away from the stroma, with which it was

at first united. Jt then surrounds the free erumpent fruiting bodies, being torn into

broad. black flaps. The inner part of the stroma is comparatively hght coloured, but

consists of thick-walled hyphae, 6-10 broad. Loculi crowded, spherical or spherical-

ovate, 120-160 » diam., not reaching the base of the stroma, without a true wall. Para-

physes filiform. Asci cylindrical, rounded above, narrower at the base, 100-1354 x

14-16 u. Spores obliquely monostichous or almost distichous up to eight in an ascus,

elliptic, one-celled, olive brown, 17-19% x 89u.

24. Parastigmatea Doidge, nov. gen. Stigmateacearum.

Omnia ut in Stigmatea, sed sporae hyalinae, continuae.

Parastigmatea nervisita n. sp.

On leaves of Stephania hernandifolia, Maritzburg, Natal, 26.6.11, Doidge [1656] ;

6.4.14, Doidge [8352].

Ascomata epiphyllous, minute, dull black, punctiform, circular, 240-300» diam.,

discrete, but in small groups on main and lateral veins, 80-90 » high, smooth, remaining

covered by the cuticle. Basal membrane brown, about 104 thick, composed of con-

centric layers of compressed hyphae. Covering membrane radial in structure, composed

of smuous hyphae, 3-3-5 u thick, arched in centre, flat at edges, 6-7 » thick, dehiscing

by a circular central pore; central cavity containing asci about 150 4 diam. Asci para:

physate, ovate or broadly ellipsoid, thick walled, eight-spored, 50-534 x 26-5-30 u.

Spores distichous or conglobate, hyaline, sub-clavate or somewhat piriform, rounded at

both ends, continuous, 20-24. « 8-10 u.

Parastigmatea nervisita Doidge, nov. sp.

Ascomata epiphylla, minuta, atra, rotundata, in nervibus insidentia, 240-300 uw diam.,

80-90 uw alta, laeves, cuticulare tecta, radiatim e hyphis undulatis 3-3-5 crassis, con-

texta. Asci paraphysati, ovati vel late ellipsoidei, 8-spori, 50-53 » x 26-5-30 u. Sporae

distichae v. conglobatae, hyalinae, continuae, subclavatae v. sub-piriformae, utrinque

rotundatae, 20-24» x 8-10 u.

Hab. in folis Stephaniae hernandifoliae, Maritzburg, 26.6.11, et 6.4.14, leg. Doidge

[1656] et [8352].

25. Perischizon oleifolium (Kalch and Cke.) Syd.

Ann. Myc. XII (1914), p. 265, XII (1915), p. 269.

Syn. Dothidea olevfolia Kalch et Cke., Grevillea IX (1880), p. 31.

On Olea capensis, 9.1.14, Karstenbosch, C.P., Pearson [7374].

On Olea lawrifolia, 21.6.16, Malalane, Eastern Transvaal, Hall [9749].

Stromata amphigenous, scattered or crowded, circular, raised, }-$ mm, diam., with

a central foot 100-200 » diam. penetrating into leaf tissues. Surface rough, lumpy, with

a single (occasionally double) peripheral wall, beset laterally as well as at the base with

bristly, brown, truncate septate hyphae, 100 u long, 5-8 » thick, which later disappear.

Stroma hard in texture, dark, prosenchymatous, composed of parallel hyphae. The loculi

are sunken in the periphery and coalesce to form a circular hymenium, the stromatal

cover becoming mucilaginous at maturity and disappearing. Asci clavate, thick-walled

round the apex, 90-115 x 28-38 u, eight-spored, embedded in mucilage. Paraphyses

simple, thick, clavate at the apex, and 3-4 broad, light brown. Spores distichous,

ellipsoid-oblong, brown, 26-34 » x 11-14 u, two-celled, constricted, abruptly rounded at

both ends; upper cell somewhat broader than the lower.

26. Phragmodothella nervisequens n. sp.

On leaves of Burchellia capensis, Van Stadens Pass, 7.7.18, Pole Evans [11446].

Stromata amphigenous, but mostly hypophyllous, forming elongated, raised, rusty-

brown streaks, up to 1 em. long and 1 mm. broad, on mid-rib and main lateral veins ;

smaller, punctiform, elongated, or branched on smaller veins. Stromata developed under

the epidermis, causing a gall-like hypertrophy of the leaf tissues, later becoming erumpent ;

120-160 u. high, the inner part of the stroma being composed of compact brown cells 3-5 p

diam., prosenchymatous between the loculi, and with a darker, roughened crust. Loculi

numerous, immersed, sub-spherical, 80-1004 diam. Asci aparaphysate, eight-spored,

clavate or ellipsoid, thick-walled round apex, with a short foot, 45-60% x 20-23-5 u.

Spores hyaline, distichous, 3-septate, oblong or somewhat clavate, slightly constricted at

the centre, 18-20 x 5-6-5 p.

Phragmodothella nervisiquens Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena, plerumque nervisequentes hypophylla, nervis majoribus usque

1 cm. longa et 1 mm. lata; nervis secundariis minores punctiforma, elongata v. ramosa ;

erumpentia dothideodea, 120-160 alta. Loculi numerosi, immersi, suborbiculares,

80-100 u diam. Asci aparaphysati, octospori, clavati v. ellipsoidei, apice incrassati, breviter

pedicellati, 45-60 4 x 20-23-5u. Sporae hyalinae, distichae. triseptatae, oblongae v.

subclavatae, medio leniter constrictae, 18-20 » x 5-6-5 u.

Hab. in foliis Burchelliae capensis, Van Stadens Pass, 7.7.18, leg. Pole Evans [11446].

Fig. 5.—Phragmodothis asperata.

27. Phragmodothis asperata Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 345.

On the stem of Euphorbia schintzui, Wagenpadsnek, Pretoria Dist., 26.12.11, Pienaar

[2159]; 31.12.13 [7353].

Stromata only growing in the outer layers of cells and becoming apparently quite

superficial through the rupture of the periderm, almost spherical, 14-3 mm. diam., 1}-2 mm.

high, black, surface much wrinkled and cracked. Interior of stroma brown, the base and

periphery being dark, opaque, formed of perpendicular, ascending hexagonal cells 15-19 u

diam. Loculi elliptical, 2504 x 200, sunken under the periphery, often apparently

free through the crumbling away of the stroma surface. Asci clavate, thick-walled,

140-200 » x 16-32 u, 6-8 spored. Spores distichous or obliquely monostichous, oblong,

four-celled, narrowed towards each end, but not pointed; straight, or one side straight

and the other convex, verrucose at maturity. Paraphyses wanting.

28. Trabutia evansii Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XJIT (1915), p. 352.

On Ficus sp., Lourengo Marques, Portuguese Kast Africa, May, 1909, Howard [668].

Stromata only epiphyllous, on inconspicuous yellowish or brownish, discoloured spots,

small, circular, 1 mm. diam., usually more or less regularly arranged in groups 4-1 cm.

diam., but seldom becoming confluent. Not infrequently these groups are so numerous

that they run together, and the whole leaf surface is more or less evenly and thickly beset

with the small stromata. Stromata convex, almost hemispherical, unilocular, between

the cuticle and the epidermis, composed of grey brown, vertical, parallel hyphae 4-5 p

diam. Clypeus opaque, 50-80 thick, loculus 300-450 u diam., 150-240 ». high, with a

wall 15-18 wu thick composed of delicate brown hyphae and concentric in structure. Asci

cylindrical with monostichous spores, or clavate with distichous or somewhat conglobate

spores (in the latter case the spores are often oblique or transverse), 70-90 w x 10-16 u,

eight-spored. Paraphyses numerous. Spores ellipsoid, abruptly rounded at both ends,

continuous, hyaline, 11-14» x 8-94 py.

29. Trabutia ficuum (Niessl.) Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myce. XIII (1915), p. 352.

Syn. Phyllachora ficuum Niessl. Hedwigia XX. 1881, p. 99. Syll. Fung. II, p. 598.

On Ficus sp. Portuguese Hast Africa, 24.5.1908, Howard [520].

On Ficus howardiana, Lourengo Marques, P.H.A., 30.8.1909, Howard [719].

Stromata epiphyllous, shiny black, small, }-1 mm. diam., raised, irregular, between

the cuticle and the epidermis, becoming flat at the edge. In the centre there are a few

loculi, 120-140 » high, with opaque covering stromatal layer about 30 u thick, the inner

part of the stroma is lighter brown. Loculi flattened-spherical or lenticular, from 220 p

diam. and 100 high, to 320y diam. and 115 high. Asci paraphysate, cylindrical-

clavate, 55-65. x 14-18 u, eight-spored. Spores hyaline, continuous, monodistichous,

oval to ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, 11-l3u x 64 uy.

30. Trabutia nervisequens (Lingelsh) Theiss. et Syd.

Ann.:‘Mye. XIII (1915), p. 353.

Syn. Phyllachora schweinfurtha P. Henn., var. nervisequens Lingelsh, Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XX XIX, 1907, p. 604.

On Ficus sp., Umgeni, near Durban, 21.3.10, Doidge [854]; Malvern, Natal,

98.12.11, Doidge [1994]; Winkle Spruit, Natal, 29.1.12, Pole Evans [2019]; Port

Shepstone, Natal, 15.10.12, Pole Evans [5608]; Amanzimtoti, 14.6.14, Franks [7813].

This fungus was originally described on Fieus hochstettert, var. glabrior in Abyssinia.

It appears to occur quite commonly on the Natal coast.

Stromata epiphyllous, developed on inconspicuous yellowish coloured spots, chiefly

along the mid-rib and lateral veins, being elongated in the direction of the vein and more

or less confluent. Small stromata only 1 mm. long, larger ones up to 2 cm. long, very

slightly shiny, between the cuticle and the epidermis, with one or many loculi, flat, some-

what wavy. The inner part of the stroma is prosenchymatous, composed of brown,

parallel hyphae, perpendicular to the leaf surface, and 7-9 thick. Loculi lenticular,

400-600 py. diam., 250-300 u thick. Locular wall comparatively stout, 12-18 » thick, light

brown, composed of numerous concentric layers of very delicate hyphae. Clypeus 40-60 p

thick, stout, opaque. Asci cylindrical, stipitate, paraphysate, 75-110 » x 11-14 y. Spores

usually monostichous, broadly ellipsoid, continuous, hyaline, 12-16% = 8-10 4p.

On the surface of young stromata a conidial layer is often developed, which produces

hyaline, filiform, crumpled conidia.

Var. robusta Doidge.

On Ficus sp., Port Elizabeth, 20.6.19, Gunn [12248].

Differs from the type in the thickness of the stroma and in the form and size of the

loculi. Stroma 400-450 uw high, locul sub-spherical, 330-370 u diam.., 300-400 ». high.

31. Catacauma dalbergiicola (P. Henn.) Th. et Syd.

Ann. Myc., XIII (1915), p. 388.

Syn. Phyllachora dalberqucola P. Henn., Hedwigia XXXVI, 1897, p. 224; Syll.

Fung. XIV, p. 664.

On leaves of Dalbergia armata, Barberton Dist., August, 1906, Pole Evans [588] ;

Stella Bush, Durban, 11.7.11, Doidge [1662]; Verulam, Natal, 3.7.13, Pole Evans

[6808].

The type specimen is on leaves of Dalbergia variabilis and was collected in Brazil.

The South African specimens agree exactly with the description of the original, except

in the size of the loculi, which are somewhat smaller.

Epiphyllous, taking different forms on different leaves, sometimes very minute, some-

times producing round-angular stromata up to 1}-2 mm. diam., convex, somewhat shiny,

between the epidermis and the palisade cells. Clypeus epidermal, opaque, about 35 u

thick, the inner part of the stroma being formed of vertical, parallel, light rusty-brown

prosenchyma. Loculi sunken in the stroma, one or more according to the size of the

stroma, 240-300 p. diam. and 180-200 u high (in the original description 360-440 p diam.),

with a thin wall. Asci clavate, paraphysate, 60-70u x 16-20. Spores distichous,

oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline, continuous, 12-14% x 6-7 up.

32. Catacauma Pterocarpi Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 387.

Syn. Phyllachora Pterocar pr Syd., Ann. Myc., 1912, p. 40.

On Pterocarpus angolensis, Letaba Drift, Zoutpansberg Dist., 6.8.11, Doidge [1807] ;

Barberton, 22.8.12, V. d. Bijl [5132].

Stromata epiphyllous, scattered, small, irregularly circular, 1-2 mm. diam., shiny

black, on pale leaf spots, slightly convex, with somewhat undulating surface. Clypeus

epidermal, opaque; loculi with their bases on the palisade tissue, 1-6 in each stroma,

flattened-spherical, closely appressed to the leaf tissue at the base, with thin brown walls,

350-450 uw diam., 240-300 » high. The upper parts of the loculi are connected by thick

stromatic tissue. Asci paraphysate, clavate-cylindrical, 60-80% x 16-24. Spores

monostichous or distichous, hyaline, one-celled, elliptic, rounded at both ends, 14-18 yu x

8-9 wu.

The spores of both specimens appear to be somewhat immature. Theissen and Sydow

(loc. cit.) state that it is doubtful whether there is a working diflerence between this fungus

and Phaeostroma pterocarpt Syd. with two-celled spores.

33. Catacauma FPeglerae n. sp.

On leaves of Eugenia capensis, Kentani, 6.7.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 2340) [9099] ;

Umbogintwini, Natal, 9.5.13, Doidge [6636]; Scottsburgh, Natal, 5.7.13, Pole Evans

[6841]; Warner Beach, Natal, 1.4.18, Bottomley [11667].

Stromata epiphyllous, 1-2 mm. diam., circular, often forming larger, irregular

stromata by confluence. Central stroma often surrounded by a ring of secondary stromata

at a distance of 2-5 mm. (radius), which may be small and discrete, or fuse to form a con-

tinuous ring. Stromata black, shining, somewhat conical or mammillate in section.

Epidermal clypeus about 40 y. thick, black, opaque, the stroma lying in the cavity between

the arched epidermal clypeus and the depressed and hollowed palisade tissue. Locular

wall thin and very closely appressed to the palisade cells. Loculi flattened-hemispherical

or pear-shaped, 400-600 » diam. and 350-500 » high. The loculi are often connected by

opaque black stromatic tissue about 150 » thick. Asci paraphysate, eight-spored, clavate-

cylindrical, 120-140 uw x 17-20 u, with a short foot, 10-13 u long. Spores mono-distichous,

one-celled, hyaline, oval to ellipsoid, 20-234 x 12-13 u.

Catacauma peglerae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, 1-2 mm. diam. v. confluendo majores, nonnunquam concentrice

disposita, atra, nitidula, subconica, subepidermales. Loculi 400-600 » diam., 350-500 up

alti, clypeo opaco, aterrimo, 40 u crasso, parietibus tenuibus. Asci paraphysati, octospori,

eylindraceo-clavati, 120-140 x 17-20, breviter pedicellati. Sporae monostichae v.

distichae, continuae, hyaline, ovatae v. ellipticae, 20-23» x 12-13 up.

Hab. in foliis Hugeniae capensis, Kentani, 6.7.15, leg. Pegler [9099].

34. Catacauma grammicum (P. Henn.), Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myce. XIII (1915), p. 382.

Syn. Phyllachora grammica P. Henn., in Flore du Bas et Moyen Congo in Ann.

Mus. du Congo, Vol. II, fase. II, 1907, p. 98.

On leaves of Ficus capensis, Lemana, Zoutpansberg Dist., 14.8.11, Doidge [1829] ;

Kentani, C.P., 1.3.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 1993) [8884].

Stromata scattered, amphigenous, usually only on one side of the leaf, but occasionally

an epiphyllous is found opposite to a hypophyllous stroma, following the nerves, forming

dull black, linear streaks up to 7 mm. long and 0-8 mm. broad on a yellow brown leaf spot ;

from these short lateral streaks radiate or form thin connecting branches with neighbouring

stromata. Stroma sub-epidermal, the base being sharply defined against the sub-epidermal

cell-layer ; the sub-epidermal layer and the rest of the mesophyll remaining unchanged

even when two stromata are formed opposite to each other, on each of the leaf surfaces ;

only the region adjoining the base of the stroma is coloured red. The stroma consists of

vertical, parallel prosenchyma, in the epidermal clypeus the cells are short and opaque

black. Loculi broadly ellipsoid, raising the epidermis in which the clypeus has developed ;

at the base only resting on a thin line of stroma which is against the sub-epidermal cells,

300-350 p» diam., 140-170 » high. Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, eight-spored, 45-58 » x

7-10». Spores monostichous, one-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends,

8-10 n x 4-54 u.

35. Phaeochorella parinarii (P. Henn.) Th. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 405.

Syn. Coccoma parinarw P. Henn., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXX, 1901, p. 257; Syl.

Fung. XVIII, p. 159.

On leaves of Parinarium capense, Pretoria Dist., October, 1908, Doidge [613]; 10.4.11,

Erasmus [1272]; 29.4.11, Doidge [1507]; 8.4.12, Doidge [2203]; Seven Oaks, Natal

[10981].

On Parinarium mobola, Rhodesia, Howard [730]; Zoutpansberg Dist., 6.8.11, Doidge

[1809]; Barberton, 16.8.11, V. d. Bijl [1922]; Zoutpansberg Dist., 19.10.14 [9173].

Stromata epipbyllous, more or less covering the leaf surface, round to irregular, 1} to

4 mm. in diam., convex, somewhat shiny, black, with a rough surface, 400-450 u high,

with a flat base resting on the sub-epidermal layer of cells, which is not stromatized, covered

with an epidermal clypeus, light brown, vertically prosenchymatous in structure. Loculi

numerous, pear-shaped, 300-400 » diam., with an indistinctly periphysate neck. Asci

cylindrical, 85-100 » x 11-15 pu, with delicate, filiform, hyaline paraphyses. Spores up

to eight in an ascus, mostly monostichous, elliptic to oblong, rounded at both ends, red-

brown, one-celled, with a slender medial hyaline band, 12-17 y x 8-9 up.

36. Phragmocauma viventis (Cke.) Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 41.

Syn. Dothidea vwentis Cke., Grevillea V, p. 16.

Phyllachora vwentis (Cke.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. II, p. 601.

Dothidea viventis var. albizziae Cke., ibid.

Phyllachora albizziae Cke., Grevillea XIII, p. 65.

Homostegia albizzae (Cke.) Berl et Vogl., Syll. Fung. EX, p. 1049.

On leaves of Albizzia fastiqiata, Inanda, Natal, May, 1881, Medley Wood (Wood

No. 583) [9492] and [16445]; Winklespruit, Natal, 13.4.11 and 2.7.11, Pole Evans

[1401] and [1583]: Stella Bush, Durban, 11.7.11, Doigde [1615]; Verulam, Natal,

3.7.13, Pole Evans [6829].

Stromata usually hypophyllous, small, irregular elliptic or oval in outline, somewhat

raised, dull black, 0-5 to 0-7 mm. in length, the long axis often lying along a vein or in

small groups of 2-4. Stroma arising between the peridermal and the sub-epidermal cells,

with its base at the level of the epidermis. Loculi, several, under a common, arched,

epidermal clypeus, spherical to lenticular, 190-200 » diam. at maturity. Asci paraphysate,

cylindrical, 80 u x 10-12 y, with a foot 15-18 u long. Spores distichous, colourless, four-

celled, constricted at the middle, 20-244 x 56. The asci do not stain blue with

lodine.

37. Scolecodothis capensis n. sp.

On leaves of Olea (?) foveolata, Howiesons Poort, Grahamstown, 17.1.17, Doidge

[10963]; 12.7.19, Doigde [12379]; Van Stadens Pass, 13.11.17, Doidge [10869].

Stromata amphigenous; the epiphyllous stromata develop first, they are scattered,

round to irregular, 1-1} mm. diam., raised and convex above leaf surface, occasionally

larger and irregular in shape by confluence, black and shining. Hypophyllous stromata

smaller and flatter, and usually more or less undeveloped and sterile. The leaf tissue is

not discoloured. Stroma between the epidermis and the palisade tissue. Clypeus epidermal,

thick, opaque, 90-100 » thick. The inner part of the stroma consisting of lighter brown,

prosenchymatous plectenchyma. Loculi 4-5 in each stroma, immersed, lenticular or

somewhat irregular by compression, 550-650 u diam., 200-250 u high. Asci paraphysate,

eight-spored, narrow, ellipsoid, tapering to both ends, pedicellate, 100-120 % x 13-14 up.

Spores parallel, hyaline. one-celled, narrow, fusiform, pointed at both ends, 60-704 x

5-6 w in centre.

Scolecodothis capensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena, sparsa, rotundata v. irregulares’ 1-1} mm. diam., convexa,

atra, nitidula. Loculi 4-5 in quoque stromate, 550-560 » diam., 200-250 u alti; clypeo

opaco, aterrimo, 90-1004 crasso. Asci paraphysati, octosporo, anguste ellipsoidei,

utringue attenuati, pedicellati, 100-120u = 13-14 yu. Sporae parallelae, hyalinae, con-

tinuae, fusoideae, 60-70 » x 5-6 pu.

Hab. in foliis Oleae (?) foveolatae, Grahamstown, 17.1.17, leg. Doidge [10963].

38. Phyllachora caffra Syd.

Ann. Myce. XV (1917), p. 548.

Syn. Physalospora caffra Syd., Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 39.

On leaves of Cordia caffra, Amanzimtoti, Natal, 10.7.11, Doidge [1631].

Stromata epiphyllous, minute, gregarious on irregular rusty-brown spots, 250-300 u

in diam., unilocular; on the upper leaf surface round, punctiform, convex, shining; on

the lower surface the epidermis becomes somewhat convex, and later the stroma becomes

visible as a minute, dull-black point. Loculi occupying the whole thickness of the leaf,

spherical, 250-300 ». diam., with a short epidermal clypeus at the apex, the lateral and

basal wall consisting of a weft of hyaline or yellowish threads; where the basal wall is

near the lower epidermis, a short clypeus is formed. The leaf, which is normally 200-220 u

thick, becomes arched over the loculus to a thickness of 360. Asci cylindrical, para-

physate, 75-90 u x 9-12. Spores monostichous, ellipsoid, hyaline, broadly rounded,

one-celled, 11-13 x 6-8 uy.

39. Phyllachora dombeyae Syd.

Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 532.

Syn. Physalospora dembeyae Syd., Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 441.

On Dombeya rotundifolia, Equeefa, Natal, 24.4.11, Fuller [1539].

On Dombeya schimperriana, Woodbush, Zoutpansberg Dist., 4.8.11, Doidge [1762].

Stromata epiphyllous, gregarious on yellow leaf spots, 4-4 mm. diam., convex, some-

what shiny, not visible on the lower leaf surface, or only visible as minute dull black spots ;

with one or few loculi. Loculi spherical, 160-190 » diam., covered at the apex with a dark

epidermal clypeus, almost without lateral walls, not touching the lower epidermis, or

forming a very short clypeus in the lower epidermal cells. Asci clavate, paraphysate

60-75 p x 15-20. Spores distichous or tristichous, one-celled, hyaline, rounded at both

ends, asymmetrical, straight or slghtly curved, 25-354 x 3-444. Conidia filiform,

curved 18-26» x I-ldu.

40. Phyllachora melianthi (Thuem.) Sacc.

Syll. Fung. IX, p. 1013; Ann. Myc. XIIT (1915), p. 528.

Syn. Rhytisma mehantht Thuem., Flora, 1876, p. 569.

Cryplomyces melianthi (Thuem.), Sacc., Syll. Fung. VIII, p. 707.

On Melianthus major, near Capetown, January, 1884, MacOwan (Rabh. Wint. Fung.

Bur. 3557) [3897].

On Bersama lucens, Kentani, 3.7.15, Pegler [9017].

Stromata on both sides of the leaves, numerous, scattered, small, unilocular, hemi-

spherically or conically convex, flat at the periphery, } mm. diam., black; on the opposite

side of the leaf the grey epidermis bulges out, and later becomes filled with stroma and

becomes black. Between the two leaf surfaces lies a single large stroma (1-1} mm. diam.),

which either remains unilocular, surrounded only by a broad, flat, stromatic border, or

contains several loculi, and is then not surrounded by sterile stroma. Clypeus epidermal

opaque, 15-25» thick, mner part of stroma and locular wall consisting of light brown

prosenchyma. Locular wall thin, delicate. Loculi flattened spherical, 240-280 » diam.

(in stromata on Bersama, 320-450 u. diam.), 240-300 ». high, occupy from three-quarters to

the whole of the thickness of the leaf; occasionally irregular in shape where a vascular

bundle impinges on locular wall, dehiscing towards the upper leaf surface by an apical

pore. Asci paraphysate, cylindrical to clavate, 60-70» x 15-18y. Spores mono- or

distichous, ellipsoid, hyaline, one-celled, rounded at both ends, 13-14 » x 7-8 p.

41. Phyllachora hieronymi P. Henn.

Pilze Ostafr. apud. A. Engler, Die Pflanzenwelt-Ostafrikas, p. 34; Syll. Fung.

XIV, p. 673.

On Cyathea dregei, Winters Kloof, Natal, 27.6.11, Doidge [1666].

Stromata epiphyllous, shiny black, often on the veins, slightly convex, 0 -4—0-5 mm.

diam., usually unilocular, penetrating right through the leaf. Clypeus epidermal, well

developed, opaque, 30-33 p. thick. Locular wall brown, thin, 12-14 yu thick, often thinner

at the sides. Loculus flat ellipsoid, 300-3204 diam., 170 high. Asci paraphysate,

clavate-cylindrical, briefly pedicellate, 65-70%. = 16-20. Spores distichous, hyaline,

oblong, 20-24. x 7-8uy.

42. Phyllachora aberiae P. Henn.

Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XLI (1908), p. 272; Syll. Fung. XXII, p. 411.

On Doryalis caffra, Driefontein, Zoutpansberg Dist., 12.8.11, Doidge [1813]; Uiten-

hage, C.P., 31.5.12, Pienaar [2420]; 17.10.06 [224].

Stromata epiphyllous, cellular, 3-1 mm. broad, shiny, black, subrotund to irregular,

slightly raised, showing on the under side of the leaf as minute raised points on the dis-

coloured leaf tissue. Leaf normally 280. thick, hypertrophied in the region of the

stroma, 400-500 4 thick. Clypeus epidermal epiphyllous, continuous, 25-34 u thick.

Loculi under the clypeus in the mesophyll, flask-shaped, or spherical with a wide neck,

the base of the loculi being one-half or two-thirds of the distance through the thickness

of the leaf; surrounded by a brown, thick wall, which is 25-38 » thick and formed

of loosely interwoven hyphae; usually opening towards upper leaf surface, occa-

sionally towards the lower, when it is covered by a short hypophyllous epidermal clypeus :

occasionally two loculi on opposite sides of the leaf come into contact at their bases and

are consequently flattened. Loculi 240-270 u diam., or 250-280». high with a breadth

of 200-220 u. Between the necks of neighbouring loculi a loose hyphal stroma spreads

inwards from the clypeus.

Asci ellipsoid, with monostichous, transverse, or partly distichous spores; seldom

cylindrical with distichous or imbricate monostichous spores, shortly pedicellate, foot

usually 8-10 u long, rarely 22-30 u» long; asci 80-90 ». long and 12-20 p broad, according

‘to the arrangement of the spores, eight-spored, paraphysate. Paraphyses numerous.

Spores cylindrical, rounded at both ends, 26-33 u x 44-5 yu, hyaline, one-celled.

43. Phyllachora amaniensis P. Henn.

Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVIII, 1905, p. 113; Syll. Fung. XXII, p. 420; Ann.

Myc. XIII (1915), p. 473.

On leaves of Ficus capensis, Amanzimtoti, Natal, 19.35.14, Franks [7812]; Barberton

Dist., 16.10.18, V. d. Bul [7378]; Wyebank, Natal, 29.8.15, Doidge [9537].

This fungus was originally described on leaves of Ficus sp. collected at Amani,

Usambara; the South African specimens agree with the description in all important

particulars, but the spores are slightly narrower, the spores of the type beg 7-8 » wide.

Stromata epiphyllous, scattered or loosely arranged in groups }-2 cm. diam., round

or irregular, slightly raised, 1-1-5 mm. diam., dull black, not visible on upper surface, or

showing as minute black pin-spots. Stroma originating in the lower part of the mesophyll,

dividing the leaf into two very unequal portions, the lower narrower portion being pushed

up by the developing stroma and forming an arch over it. Clypeus epidermal opaque,

25-35 thick. Loculi sub-spherical, less frequently flask-shaped, the narrowing in the

latter case being due to crowding, deeply sunken in the leaf tissue, and occupying three-

quarters or even more of the mesophyll. The base of the loculi usually rests on the

palisade cells and the latter become filled with black, opaque stromatic tissue, which may

or may not involve the upper epidermis. Loculi 240-400 u diam., lateral walls delicate,

10-15 u thick, consisting of light brown, rather thin-walled prosenchyma. Asci cylindrical

with numerous paraphyses, 90-130 1 x 9-11 u, straight or curved, eight-spored. Spores

monostichous, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, hyaline, continuous, 14-17 » x 6-7 up.

44, Phyllachora Peltophori Syd.

Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 40; XIII (1915), p. 507.

On Peltophorum africanum, Ledzee, Zoutpansberg, 7.8.11, Doidge [1810].

Stromata on both surfaces of the pinnules, scattered or in groups, minute, about

+ mm. diam., slightly convex, unilocular, smooth, shining. Loculi flattened, spherical,

200-250 u. diam., 160-180». high, covered above and below by the epidermal clypeus,

which only extends a short distance beyond the loculi. Lateral locular wall weak or

wanting. Asci clavate, paraphysate, 65-80% x 14-184. Spores distichous, ellipsoid,

hyaline, rounded, 13-l7u x 6-8u.

45. Phyllachora Lessertiae n. sp.

On leaves of Lessertia tenufolia, Smits Kraal, Boshof Dist., June, 1911, Burtt-Davy

[1568].

Stromata amphigenous and petiolar, but mostly epiphyllous, scattered or crowded,

minute, up to 0-5 mm. diam., somewhat raised, dull black, mostly unilocular. Stroma

reduced to a clypeus above each loculus, 100-120 u broad, and certain hyphal strands

and knots under the clypeus and extending beyond it in the sub-epidermal cells. Loculi

sub-spherical to pyriform, 169-190 u diam., 200-240» high, occupying about one-third

of thickness of leaf. Locular wall about 15 » thick, consisting of delicate, compressed,

colourless hyphae, broader near apex and darker coloured, fusing above with clypeus.

Asci eight-spored, paraphysate, cylindrical or narrow-ellipsoid, with a very short foot,

80-90 p. « 12-16-54. Periphyses present. Spores one-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, rather

thick-walled, obliquely monostichous or sub-distichous, 15-17 p x 8-5-10 up.

Phyllachora Lessertuae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata plerumque epiphylla, sparsa, minuta, usque -5 mm. diam., vix vel leniter

convexa, atra, clypeo epidermale, 100-120 p lato, unilocularia. Loculi subglobosi v. pyri-

formi, 160-190 » diam., 200-240 yu alti, parietibus circ. 15 u crassis. Asci octospori, para-

physati, cylindracei, v. ellipsoidei, brevissime pedicellati, 80-90 » x 12-16-5u. Sporae

continuae, hyalinae, ellipsoideae, utrinque rotundatae, 15-l7 uy x 8-510 yp.

46. Phyllachorella rikatliensis n. sp.

On leaves of Andradia arborea, Rikath, P.K.A., September, 1918, Junod [11736].

Stromata minute, punctiform, about 0-3-0-5mm. diam., amphigenous, penetrating

right through the leaf, scattered over greater part of leaf surface or in round irregular

patches about 5 mm. diam., black shining, slightly convex. Hpidermal clypeus on both

sides of leaf, black, opaque, about 20 u thick, only extending a small distance on each

side of the loculi. Inner part of stroma of usual prosenchymatous structure ; in this the

loculi are embedded. Stroma may contain a single flattened spherical loculus, 240-250 u

diam., 140-150 » high, or a single pycnidium of similar dimensions. Very frequently the

flattened spherical loculus is about 300 u diam. and has a small lenticular pyenidium cut

off from one surface ; exceptionally, there are two smaller loculi and a pyenidium, the shape

of each being an irregular cone on a curved base. Locular wall about 10 u thick.

Asci aparaphysate, clavate, eight-spored, 50-60%. x 13-15 yu. Spores usually

distichous, crowded in ugper half of ascus, hyaline, one-celled, oblong, rounded at both

ends, 10-13-54 x 3-5-5 yu.

Conidia brown, oblong, continuous, 13-5-l5u * 6-7 yp.

Phyllachorella rikathensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena, minuta, cire. 0-3-0-5 mm. diam., atra, nitidula, leniter convexa.

Loculi 1-3 in quoque stromate, sub-globosi v. compressi, 240-300 » diam., 140-150 w alti,

clypeo atro, opaco, 20 » crasso, parietibus 10» crassis. Asci aparaphysati, clavati, octo-

spori, 50-60%. < 13-154. Sporae plerumque distichae, hyalinae, continuae, oblongae,

utrinque rotundatae, 10-13-5y. * 3-5-5 yu. Pyenidia loculis ascogenis similes, conidiis

brunneis, oblongis, continuis 13-5-15 uy « 6-7 un.

Hab. in foliis Andradiae arboreae, Rikatli, P.K.A., 1918, leg. Junod [11726].

47. Endodothella natalensis n. sp.

On leaves of Dalbergia armata, Winklespruit, Natal, 6.7.12, Doidge [2513]; Verulam,

Natal, 3.7.13, Pole Evans [6809].

Stromata epiphyllous, minute, punctiform about 0-3 mm. diam. or becoming larger

by confluence, somewhat convex, black shiny, showing on the under-surface only as minute,

brown blisters, uni- or bilocular. Clypeus epidermal, dark brown, sub-opaque, ca. 15 p

thick, spreading to a diameter of about 500 wp. Loculi sub-spherical to lenticular, 240-320 »

diam. and 190-240 » high, the base of the loculi being 30-45 y from the lower surface of

a leaf which is normally about 130» thick. Locular wall opaque, black, 13-16 » thick,

or somewhat lighter in colour and evidently prosenchymatous in structure. Loculi

dehiscing by a apical pore opening towards upper side of leaf. In the bilocular stromata

the space between the apices of the loculi is entirely filled with opaque, black, stromatal

tissue. Asci paraphysate, eight-spored, ellipsoid or narrow cylindrical, straight or curved,

80-87 » x 15-17 u, with a short foot 6-7 » long. Spores distichous or obliquely mono-

stichous, hyaline, two-celled, not constricted, fusiform, 20-23 -5y. x 8-5-10 u, wall about

1-5-2 » thick, cells sub-equal, or upper cell 10 » long, lower cell 13-5 wu long.

Endodothella natalensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, minuta, rotundata, cir. 3 mm. diam. v. confluendi majores, leniter

convexa, atra, nitidula. Loculi 1-2 in quoque stromati, sub-globosi v. globosi-depressi,

240-320 » diam., 190-240 » alti, totam fere folii crassitudinem occupantes, clypea, atro-

brunneo, subopaco, ca. 15 u crasso, 500 u lato, parietibus opacis, atris, 13-16 yu crassis.

Asci paraphysati, octospori, ellipsoidei v. cylindracei, recti v. curvati, 80-87 » x 15-17 p,

pede breve 6-7 4% long. Sporae distichae v. oblique monostichae, hyaline, 1-septatae,

haud constrictae, fusiformae, 20-23-54 x 8-5-10 u, cellulis subaequalibus, v. supero 10 u.

longo, infero 13-5 » longo.

Hab. in foliis Dalbergiae armatae, Winklespruit, Natal, 6.7.12, leg. Doidge [2513].

48. Endodothella strelitziae (Cke.) Theiss. et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XIII (1915), p. 587.

Syn. Dothidea strelitziae Cke., Grevillea X., p. 120.

Phyllachora strelitaae Sacc., Syll. Fung. II., p. 606.

On leaves of Strelitzia augusta, Inanda, Natal, May, 1881, Medley Wood (Wood

No. 580) [9468] and [10442]; Isipingo, Natal, 13.5.13, Doidge [6639]; Scottsburgh,

Natal, 5.7.13, Pole Evans [6831]; Inanda, Natal, 13.9.13, V. d. Bil [6958]; Kentani,

8.1.16, Pegler (Pegler No. 2384) [9422].

Stromata round, conical to hemispherical, 0 -7—0 -85 mm. diam., in groups of two to three,

dull black, epiphyllous, unilocular, surrounded by a red brown zone in the leaf tissue ;

on the under side of the leaf only a wine-red discoloration is visible. The stroma fills

the epidermis and the two sub-epidermal layers of elongated, flat cells, and raises these

up to form an opaque clypeus, tearing them away from the adjacent layers of parenchyma.

In the cavity thus formed the loculi are produced ; they are covered by a clypeus formed

from three layers of cells and about 100» thick; they are 650 u diam. and 180 yu high;

being separated at the base from the leaf parenchyma by a thin brown stromatic layer,

the hyphae penetrating with the parenchyma in a more or less compact mass. Asci

clavate, briefly pedicellate, paraphysate, 55-75u ™ 13-164, eight-spored. Spores

distichous, oblong or clavate, hyaline, septate somewhat above the middle, not or slightly

constricted, 14-17 » x 3-4 uy, upper cell shorter but broader, rounded, lower cell tapering

somewhat.

49. Oligostroma maculiformis (Wint.) Doidge.

Syn. Didymella maculiformis Wint., Rab. Wint. Fung. Eur. 3056 (1884).

Oligostroma proteae Syd., Ann. Myc. XII (1914), p. 265; XIII (1915), p. 592.

On Protea grandiflora, near Capetown, June, 1884, MacOwan (Rab. Wint. Fung.

Kur. 3056) [3396].

On Protea flanagani, Kentani, 17.7.12, Pegler, 5163. (This is the type collection of

Oligostroma proteae Syd.)

On Protea neriifolia, Bains Kloof, near Wellington, 19.11.10, Doidge [1026]; 5.4.12,

Stoneman [2231].

On Protea spp., Wellington, 10.6.11, Mally [1589]; without locality [943].

(?) Stroma not fully developed on Protea sp., Kentani, 19.10.12, Pegler [5618],

and on Protea abyssinica, Diepkloof, near Dullstroom, 19.9. 10, Doidge [931].

This fungus is very variable in its external appearance, but after careful comparison

I think there can be no doubt that Oligostroma protea Syd. on Protea flanagani [5163]

is identical with Winter’s Didymella maculiformis. The variations mentioned in macro-

scopic characters are due to variations in the thickness of the cuticle of the host, rather

than to any variations in the structure of the fungus.

Stromata amphigenous, forming discoloured, roughened areas on both sides of the

leaf; these are usually irregular in outline and up to 10 mm. in diam. or larger by con-

fluence; less frequently they are more or less circular and develop centrifugally. The

stroma is reduced to an epidermal clypeus, 150-250». diam. over each loculus and the

short scattered hyphal strands or knots under it. Sometimes the loculi are closely crowded

and the clypeus over adjoining loculi becomes confluent, forming a more or less continuous

stromal plate, or the loculi may be more scattered, solitary, or in twos and threes.

Loculi immersed, globose or ovate globose, 100-150 » diam., locular wall consisting

of small brown cells and fused at the apex with the epidermal clypeus. Asci sessile,

cylindrical-clavate or clavate, 75-100 4% x 16-20 u, rounded at the apex, aparaphysate,

eight-spored. Spores distichous, oblong-cuneate, unequally uniseptate, not constricted,

24-28 uw long; upper loculus shorter, but more broadly rounded or ovate 8-10 yu long,

1-9 broad, lower loculus longer and narrower, 15-19» x 6-8, hyaline or sub-hyaline.

50. Ophiodothella edax (B. and Br.) V. Hohn.

Fragm. XII No. 630 (1910).

Syn. Dothidea edax B. et Br., Journ. Linn. Soc., 1873, p. 135.

Ophiodothis edax Sacc., Syll. Fung. II, p. 653.

On leaves of Tephrosia elongata, Olifantsfontein, Pretoria Dist., 21.2.20, Pienaar

[12822].

This fungus was originally described on leaves of Tephrosia suberosa from Ceyton.

The South African specimen agrees with the description of the original, except in the size

of spores. These are said to average 33-35 u x 2-8-3-2u, but it is also stated that the

asci are not quite ripe. It is probable, therefore, that the difference in the measurements

of the spores is due to the fact that the present specimen is in a more mature condition.

Stromata minute, black, punctiform, formed in groups on large yellow leaf spots.

There is an epidermal clypeus on both upper and under surfaces of the leaf, which is black,

opaque, about 20 thick in the lower epidermis, 25-30% in the upper. There are 1-3

loculi in each stroma; these are flattened-spherical, 200-250 » diam., 150-200 u high, at

base and apex anited with the clypeus. The locular wall is 8-10» thick and consists

of hyaline very much flattened cells. Asci numerous, aparaphysate, eight-spored, thin-

walled, pedicellate, clavate-ellipsoid, 70-80» « 10-13%. Spores parallel, filiform, con-

tinuous, hyaline, straight or curved, thin-walled, cylindrical, somewhat attenuated towards

the blunt ends, 45-60 4 x 3-3-3 p.

THE .GENUS BERSAMA.

By E. P. Puiuurps, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Botanist in Charge of the

National Herbarium.

THE genus Bersama was monographed by Mr. E. G. Baker in 1907 (Journ. Bot., XLV,

p. 12), and two species, viz., B. lucens, Szyszl., and B. tysoniana, Oliv., were described

from South Africa. From information received from the Union Forest Department, it

was suspected that other species occurred in the South African forests, and, at the sug-

gestion of the Chief of the Division of Botany, I undertook the examination of all the

material in the local herbaria. This has led me to separate two plants as distinct species

from specimens hitherto always called B. tysoniana.

The interest in the various species was first aroused by Mr. C. C. Robertson, M F.,

the Senior Research Forest Officer, who sent samples of the bark of B. tysoniana to the

Imperial Institute for examination, as it was reported that the natives used the bark

medicinally. The information supplied by Mr. Robertson to the Imperial Institute

did not tally in some respects with the actual samples forwarded, and he took a good

deal of trouble to clear up the matter. We are now in a position to state that the

information Mr. Robertson received applied to a distinct species which I have named

B, Swinnyi, while the bark supplied was that of B. tysonvana. Dr. T. R. Sim,* in his

description of B. tysoniana, falls into the same error, as the tree referred to by Mr. Henkel

as having “a very bitter bark, like quinine in taste,” is not this species, but quite a

distinct plant, which L have named B. Stayneri, so his remarks on B. tysoniana do

not refer to this species alone. Sim suspected the Port St. Johns’ plants to be an

allied but distinct species, and I have been able to confirm this. It is the plant now

named B. Swinnyi.

Mr. J. J. Kotze, B.Sc., of the Forest Department, who has given me every assistance

in this work, allowed me to go through the files relating to the genus, and, having the

actual specimens in the Forestry Herbarium, I was able to clear up some doubtful points.

All the correspondence referred to plants which went under the name of B. tysoniana and

the information was confusing until I was able to definitely recognize that three distinct

species were involved. The information derived from the above source I have tabulated

under the specific names.

B. tysoniana.

The Conservator of Forests, Transkeian Conservancy, states: “‘ Trees are scattered

singly, fairly plentifully over most of the mountain forests and where accessible. It is

a prolific seeder, and I am of opinion that it could be easily propagated artificially under

mountain forest conditions in its habitat. In collecting the bark, natives do not cut

down the whole tree, but merely take their requirements from time to time from living

trees. I can confirm the statement: it is a well-known fact that local natives use the

bark medicinally.”’ (Stated that native doctors use the bark asa specific against fevers.—

(E. P. P.)

*Sim, “Forest Flora, Cape Colony,” p. 175,

A sample of bark was collected by Forester Van de Vijver from the Ngadu Patrol,

and he writes: “ This bark is used as medicine by some natives, but not all. In cases

of calves being thin, they dose the animal with it powdered and mixed with other roots,

also lambs.” Forester Dawson submitted a sample of bark from the Amanzamnyama

Patrol, with the note: “ Bark has a slightly bitter taste. JI have only seen one tree in

my patrol and very few natives know it here. They do not seem to use it themselves,

but on their cattle for gall-sickness after boiling bark and dosing from one to two bottles.”

Forester Fegen collected samples of bark from the Notinsela Patrol, and reported: “ Bark

has a slightly bitter taste. Natives state that the bark is used as a medicine for hysteria,

which is common amongst the native girls. Other natives state that it is used indis-

eriminately for both cattle and human beings. Judging by the number of trees barked,

it must be used more extensively for medicine than natives will admit.”

Forester Kriel, who collected the species in the Wilo Forest, Mqanduli District, reports

it to be a tree about 25 it. high with a girth of 42 in.

The tree is locally known as “ Bitter Bark” and “ Bastard Sneezewood ” and by the

natives as “ Hndiaza” or “ Andianda.”

B. Swinnyi.

Forester fanaa reports this species to be a tree up to 90 ft. high, with a stem

diameter of 2-3 ft., and not common at Port St. Johns. He further states that there

appears to be two forms of the species which the natives distinguish, though they have

only one name, “ Sendiandia.” The smaller form, when full grown, has a trunk 1 =1h ft:

in diameter.

Mr. Robertson first detected the difference in the barks of this species and B. tysoniana,

and noted that the bark had “a strong bitter taste producing a sort of burning sensation

in the mouth lasting for several hours, during which I could taste nothing else distinctly.”

He forwarded a sample of the bark to the Imperial Hbasinuatiee in March, 1915. Mr. Ross,

then Conservator in the Eastern Conservancy, writes :* “I distinctly remember this tree

being pointed out to me many years ago when oie! at Kokstad as being of value

medicinally, an infusion of the bark being extensively used by the natives for certain

ailments. It is found somewhat sparingly throughout the mid-Pondoland forests and

close to the Natal border in the Mount Ayliff District. It is a very conspicuous object

in the forests, of large girth, with deeply furrowed bark, and with foliage not unlike

sneezewood. It is usually unsound near the base and shows signs of much damage by

removal of bark. This tree is by some foresters confused with ‘ Coffee Pear’ (Plewrostylia

capensis), but a keen observer will easily distinguish a great difference.”

Forester Pretorius collected samples of bark from the Cwebe Patrol and supplied

the followimg information :—* Bark has a slightly bitter taste (Mr. Robertson remarks

‘but burning taste’). The bark of this tree in these parts is very thin and can only be

removed in small bits. The natives use it for different medicines, but they refuse to say

what it is really used for.” Specimens of bark from the Port St. Johns Patrol were

received with similar information to the above; in each case Mr. Robertson noted the

burning taste, more so in some specimens than in others.

B. Stayneri.

This species was sent to Mr. Robertson by Forester C. W. Chilvers in June, 1915.

Mr. Bes noted the differences between these specimens and B. tysoniana as follows :—

Bark has not got the “ strong bitter taste” which I referred to in the case of

one of the specimens from the Transkei (i.e. B. Swynni H.P.P.).

2. Under sides of the leaves and the petioles are very hairy, whereas they are

glabrous on specimens received from the Transkei.

3. The specimens were in flower when collected in May. Sim states that this

species ¢ flowers in August to September.

* It is just possible that some of Mr. Ross’s remarks may apply to Bb. tysoniana.

} Mr. Robertson, although he noted these differences, still considered the plant Bb, tysoniana.

Mr. C. F. Stayner, in a minute to the Conservator of Forests, Pietermaritzburg, states ;

“ One large tree isolated by heavy fellings was in flower as late as September, and I have

come to the conclusion that this species (but he confused his specimen with B. tysoniana

E.P.P.) is inconsistent in its period of blossoming. I find that Bersama is well known

to native herbalists and is frequently employed, but for what disease it is a specific I

cannot ascertain.” Mr. Stayner submitted his specimen to the Bolus Herbarium, and

these were reported on as follows :—‘ Very nearly allied to B. tysoniana, Oliv., and

probably that species, but the type of B. tysoniana has more slender, longer, and less

tomentose petioles.”

Mr. J. 8. Henkel, who also collected the species at Mkazeni Forest Reserve, Riverside,

Natal, in March, 1917, states “that the tree is about 30 ft. high—a bole about 70 in. in

girth and 12 ft. long, somewhat crooked. Natives use the bark as medicine and the tree

has been injured by the removal of bark. Bark has a bitter quinine-like taste.” Mr. Henkel

also noted that the leaves were hairy, and not glabrous. Forester Honshold informs

Mr. Henkel that in the reserve there are about three to four other trees, all smaller than

the one he saw. In the bush many seedlings were noticed up to about 4 ft. high. The

young shoots are frequently reddish in colour and leaves serrated and mucronulate, but

older leaves have margins entire.

Mr. Robertson took considerable pains to sift all the evidence he had accumulated,

and tabulated his results * as follows :—

Mr. Robertson distinguished the various samples of bark he examined as (1) those

with a bitter taste and (2) those with a bitter and burning taste. This latter property

he referred to as “ X.”

Forest. cei eee, | Sample of Bark. | Taste. Remarks.

| |

Mountain

Forests.

KEW. Gosccecs Presumably the | Sent June, 1914, and | Not X........ B.tysoniana, sent to

large variety February, 1915 a Imperial Institute.

INGaduseraereirr WEWRREs Go5c 0000 Collected March, 1915.. | Not X........ B. tysoniana.+

Amanzamnyama. | Large......... Collected March, 1915.. | Not X........ B. tysoniana.

Coast Forests.

Port St. Johns.. | Large......... Sent July, 1914........ IBA OG, o's gan oe B. Swinnyi.

Bulolo Forest... | Large......... Collected March, 1915.. | Has X, though | B. Swinnyi.

not strongly

Mboleni Forest.. | Large......... Collected March, 1915.. | Not X........ B. tysoniana.

CwebelHorest=- |) Warge- = 2-4. Collected March, 1915.. | Has X, though | B. Swinnyi.

not strongly j :

Cwebe Forest... | Small.......... Collected March, 1915.. | Has X, though | B. Swinnyi.

not strongly ;

Port St. Johns.. | Smalli.:....... | stom dwihy, Iie ccacoce |} JS 206550000 B. Swinnyt.

IBalolophioresthee smallness | Collected March, 1915.. | Has X........ ' B. Swinnyt.t

Mr. Robertson came to the following conclusions :—

1. In mountain forests the large variety (i.e. B. tysoniana H.P.P.) has not XY

Yet the natives do use the bark in these forests, so that its medicinal qualities

do not depend on its having “ X.” It appears that only the large variety 1s

found in the mountain forests.

*Tn the “Remarks” column I have inserted the name of the species which was given in the

original by a herbarium number only.

7 [ have not seen specimens of these, but do not doubt the correctness of the names given.—(Z. P. P.)

2. In the coast forests the large variety * usually has “ X”’ to a greater or less

extent, but apparently not so strongly as the small variety (B. Swinnyi

E.P.P.). The latter always has it and usually very strong.

The results of my investigation may be summarized as follows :—

1. Foresters had hitherto only recognized two species, viz., B. lucens and B. tysoniana.

2. Under the name of B. tysonvana, three species have been included—

(a) B. tysonana, found in both the mountain and coast forests.

(b) B. Swinnyt, found only in the coast forests.

3. The bark of B. tysoniana, B. Swinnyr, and B. Stayner is used medicinally by

the natives.

4. The bark of B. Swinnyr has a bitter burning taste and differs in this respect

from that of B. tysonana and B. Staynert, m which the bark, while bitter, has

not the burning taste.

. There appear to be two forms of B. Swinnyi in the forest of Port St. Johns.

known to the foresters as the large and small varieties. The natives are said

also to distinguish these, but have the same name for both.

I have been unable to furnish any additional information with regard to the other

species recorded.

In conclusion I should like to refer again to Mr. C. C. Robertson’s share of this work.

Since 1914 he has been slowly accumulating evidence from foresters about the species,

and my remarks are only a digest of the information he collected.

With the assistance of the Forest Department, the Division of Botany is undertaking

an examination of the barks of the various species as regards their medicinal value.

KEY TO SPECIES.

Inflorescence quite sessile, ovoid or globose, surrounded at the base by

numerous) laree ovate acuminate silky bractss.ssea nae aaa Swinnyt.

Inflorescence distinctly peduncled, rarely sub-sessile, but then bracts at the

base never densely silky.

Mid-rib on lower surface of leaflets covered with long straight hairs. Staynert.

Mid-rib on lower surface of leaflets glabrous.

Fruits without woody protuberances; inflorescence silky or

tomentose with fine adpressed hairs.

Leaves usually 2-3-jugate; leaflets obovate, usually

roundedwabmthesapexen OD US ea eee npn erie lucens.

Leaves usually 4-jugate; leaflet oblong-lanceolate,

acuminate, acute? -.cack st aaeme ec torn tie abyssinica.

Fruits with woody protuberances ; inflorescence tomentose with

spreading hairs appearing almost shaggy... feces ssn tysoniana.

|. B. Swinnyi, Phillips.

Arbor. Rami glabri vel juniores serici. Folia 10-20 cm. longa, pinnata, 5-jugata ;

foliola 2-8 em. longa, 0 9-3-5 em. lata, oblongo-lanceolata, ovato-oblonga vel ovata, apice

obtusa, glabra. Racemus sessilis, 2-5-5 em. longus, circa 3 cm. latus, subglobous vel

ovatus. Bracteae numerosae, 2 cm. longae, ovatae, acuminatae, sericae.

A large or small tree, with rough bark. Branches glabrous or in very young branches

velvety. Leaves 10-20 em. long, grouped at the ends of the branches, petiolate, pinnately

compound, 5-jugate; petiole 2-5-3-5 em. long, pubescent in young leaves, glabrous in

older leaves; leaflets petioulate, 2-8 cm. long, 0°9-3-5 em. broad, oblong-lanceolate or

ovate-oblong, or ovate, obtuse or slightly retuse at the apex, rounded at the base, with

* Mr. Robertson here confuses B. tysoniana and B. Swinnyi, both of which occur in the coast

forests.—(H. P. P.)

the mid-rib prominent beneath and the lateral veins distinct, glabrous. Inflorescence

sessile, 2-5-5 cm. long, about 3 cm. in diameter, subglobose or ovoid in shape, surrounded

at the base with numerous ovate acuminate densely silky bracts about 2 cm. long. Floral-

bract 7 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, very densely silky. Pedicel about 4 cm. long, terete,

silky. Sepals 6 mm. long, ovate, acute, distinctly keeled, silky. Petals 1-3 cm. long,

about 3 mm. broad at the middle, spathulate-linear, tomentose without, sometimes with

two marginal processes at the middle. Stamens monadelphous; filaments terete and

narrowing above, flattened below and hairy on the flattened portion. Ovary 1-5 mm.

long, sub-globose, villous ; style 1-3 cm. long, terete and densely villous in the lower 2

becoming more or less four-angled and glabrous above; stigma globose. Fruit not seen.

Pondoland : In monte propoxe ostium flum St. Johns R., c. 1000 ft., February, Bolus

8724; 20 ft., January, Flanagan 2884; Port St. Johns, Swinny in Herb. Forest Dept.,

1038, 1037; Pongwani Forest, Port St. Johns, January, Coetzee in Herb. Forest Dept.,

1866.

2. B. Stayneri Phillips.

Rami glabri. Folia pinnata, 7-16 cm. longa, 4-5-jugata; petiolus pilosus ; folioal

1-7-5 -2 em. longa, 0-8-1 -5 cm. lata, oblongo-lanceolata vel elliptica, apice acuta mucro-

nataque, basi paullo cuneata, subtus pilosa vel pubescentia. Racemus 3-5-6 -5 cm. longus.

Fructus 2-7-3 em. longus, ligneus.

Bark thick and rough. Branches glabrous, rough with longitudinal furrows. Leaves

pinnate, petioled, 7-16 cm. long, 4-5-jugate ; petiole 1-2 cm. long, very densely pilose ;

rachis densely pilose ; leaflets 1-7-5 -2 cm. long, 0-8-1-5 cm. broad, oblong-lanceolate or

elliptic, acute and mucronate at the apex rarely rounded, slightly cuneate at the base,

the mid-rib deeply sunk on the under surface which is frequently s»mewhat rugose,

prominent beneath and with the lateral veins distinct beneath, glabrous above, pilose or

pubescent beneath, especially on the mid-rib. Inflorescence a shortly peduncled

many-flowered raceme, 3-5-6-5 em. long; peduncle 1-1-5 cm. long, very densely pilose.

Bracts 3 mm. long, linear, tomentose, Pedicels 5 mm. long, terete, tomentose. Calyx

6 mm. long, densely tomentose, divided almost to the base. Petals 1-3 cm. long,

3 mm. broad, spathulate-linear, tomentose, reflexed in open flowers. Filaments 5 mm.

long, semiterete, monadelphous and villous at the base. Ovary densely villous; style

3 mm. long, terete; stigma subglobose. Fruit 2-7-3 cm. long dehiscing by four valves ;

valves woody, covered with woody protuberances. Seeds reddish in colour, 1-1 cm. long,

6 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid, with a waxy yellow arillus at the base.

Natal, without locality, Stayner in Herb. Bolus ; Stinkwood Forest, Ingeli, May,

Chilvers in Herb. Forest Dept., 1518; Mkanzeni, Riversides, Henkel in Herb. Forest Dept.,

2421.

3. B. lucens Szysz.

A shrub 8-10 ft. high (ex Wood). Branches glabrous, with wrinkled greyish bark.

Leaves petioled, compound, imparipinnate, 2—-4-jugate, 10-20 cm. long ; petiole 1-5-5 -5 cm.

long, glabrous, rarely pubescent ; leaflets 1-8-9 cm. long, 1-3-4-6 cm. broad, obovate or

obovate-elliptic, rarely elliptic, very rarely subacute, slightly narrowed at the base,

glabrous, with the mid-rib distinct above, prominent beneath, and with thickened wavy

margins. Inflorescence a lax axillary or terminal raceme, 6—14-5 cm. long, many-flowered ;

peduncle pubescent. Pedicels 0-4-1 em. long, terete, densely tomentose with fine adpressed

hairs ; bracts 0-5 mm. long, ovate, pubescent. Calyx gamosepalous ; lobes 3-4 mm. long,

2 mm. broad, ovate or ovate-elliptic, obtuse, finely but densely pubescent without and with

fine adpressed hairs within, ciliated, the two posterior lobes connate and bifid at the apex.

Petals dull yellow, 8-5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad above, oblong, obtuse, narrowed into

an evident claw, pubescent. Disc unilateral. Filaments all connate at the base, | mm.

long, terete, glabrous except at the base, the anterior filaments ciliated at the base and

forming a tomentose shield 3 mm. long and 2:5 mm. broad; the posterior filaments

cihated and pubescent at the base; anthers 2-5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, oblong.

Ovary 1 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, subglobose, densely villous, four-locular with a single

ovule in each loculus ; style 7 mm. long, cylindric, pubescent on the lower half; stigma

globose, faintly lobed. Fruit 1-7 cm. long, 1-7 cm. in diameter, finely but densely

pubescent, four-celled, each cell with a single seed, splitting into four valves when ripe.

Seeds bright scarlet, 7 mm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, subglobose, wrinkled, flat on one

side, convex on the other, with a fleshy yellow-green arillus. Wood, Natal Plants, 88 ;

Sim, Forests and Forest Flora, 155; Journ. Bot., XLV, p. 13. Natalia lucens, Hochst.,

Harv. and Sond., Fl. Cap., 1, 369.

Komgha Diy., Kei Mouth, 200 ft., August, Flanagan, 421; Transkei, Kentani, 20 ft.,

December, Miss Pegler, 726; Pondoland, mouth of St. Johns River, February, Bolus,

8836; Flanagan, 2568; 20 {t., January, Manino Forest, Engcobo Dist., August (leaf

only). Zahn in Herb., Forest Dept., 2046; Natal, near Durban, 200 ft., February, Wood,

7392; March, Wood, 7518; Verulam, 100-200 ft., January, Wood, 10207 ; near Durban,

Wood, 2570; 12666; Port Natal, Gueinzuwis ; Groenberg, February, Wood, 808; without

precise locality, Saunders ; near, Durban, 200-300 ft., March, Wood, 6307 ; Swaziland,

kloof near Dalriach Mbabane, c. 4800 ft., December, Bolus ; Transvaal, Barberton Dist.,

Unevoti Creek, Barberton, 3000 ft., February, Galpin, 849; Thorncroft in Herb. Trans-

vaal Mus., 18292.

Flanagan, 421, mentioned by Baker as a form with smaller leaflets than the type

is slightly confusing, imasmuch as Flanagan gave the same number to two different

collectings. His No. 421 in the Bolus Herb. was collected at the Kei Mouth at an altitude

of 200 ft. in August, 1894, and is the true B. lucens. His No. 421 in the Cape Government

Herb. was also collected near the Kei Mouth at an altitude of 300 ft., but in January,

1890. The inflorescence in these specimens is compact, oblong in outline, and at the end

of a long naked peduncle 9-12 cm. long. The peduncle is fasciated to a slight extent,

which will account for the compact inflorescence. There is no difference in the floral

structures of these specimens and other specimens of B. lucens which I have examined.

4. B. abyssinica Fresen.

A tree. Leaves petioled, 18-22 cm. long, pinnate; petiole 4-5 cm. long, terete,

glabrous; rachis sometimes winged between the uppermost pair of leaflets; leaflets

usually in four pairs, 2-5-4 em. apart, 4-9 em. long, 1-7-3 -5 em. broad, oblong-lanceolate

or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, entire, or the margin sometimes serrated in the

upper half, glabrous. Inflorescence racemose, 10-20 em. long, on a woody peduncle 5—7 cm.

long. Calyx campanulate, silky. Petals five, ligulate-spathulate, twice as long as the

calyx, densely and finely silky, finally reflexed. Stamens five, in the male flower nearly

as long as the petals; filaments monadelphous, silky. Capsule about 1 cm. long, | cm.

in diameter, subglobose 3-4 valved, densely pubescent, without woody protuberances.

Seeds 6 mm. long, black.

This description was drawn up partly from a fruiting specimen collected by Schimper

in Abyssinia and partly from the description in the “ Flora Tropical Africa.”

Baker, in his monograph on the genus (Journ. Bot., XLV, 12), makes no mention of this

species occurring in Natal, though the record is made in the “ Flora Tropical Africa,”

I, 434.

= B. integrifolia, Richard, Fl. Abyss., I, 107. This is a tropical African species.

5. B. tysoniana Oliv.

A tree 25 ft. high, with a girth of 42in. (Krid). Branches glabrous. Leaves petioled,

pinnately compound, 4-5-jugate, rarely 3-jugate, 5-20 em. long; petiole 2-5 cm. long,

subtomentose, pubescent to almost glabrous, sometimes white silky; leaflets 1-5-6 em.

long, 0-7-3 em. broad, oblanceolate, oblong, oblong-elliptic, rarely obovate, rounded or

shorty apiculate at the apex, cuneate more rarely rounded at the base, entire, rarely ser-

rated in the upper half, with the mid-rib prominent beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence a

dense raceme, distinctly peduncled or subsessile, 6-17 cm. long, cylindric. Peduncle

usually 1-3-5 em. long, tomentose with spreading hairs. Pedicels 3 mm. long, tomentose

with spreading hairs. Sepals 5-7 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, ovate, concave, acute or obtuse,

tomentose with spreading hairs, two of the sepals united. Petals white 1-1-1 -5 em. long,

2 mm. broad, oblong, linear-oblong or linear, narrowing sometimes into a linear claw

below, subostuse or acute, villous. Filaments 0-8-1-2 cm. long, terete and glabrous in

the upper half, expanded villous and monadelphous in the lower half; anthers 1-5 mm.

long, oblong in outline. Ovary densely villous; style 8 mm. long, densely villous below,

glabrous or almost so above ; stigma subglobose or globose. Fruit 2-2 cm. long, about

2-2 em. in diameter, subglobose ; the valves covered with woody protuberances. Seed

1-2 cm. long, about 6 mm. in diameter, more or less keeled on one face, convex on the other,

reddish with a yellow arillus at the base.

Komgha Dwv., Komgha, on Alan Page’s farm “ Goldust,” May (in leaf only), Galpin,

8470; Prospect, near Komgha, September, Flanagan, 309; Instsubani Forest, February

(fruit), Leigh in Herb. Forest Dept., 1840; Wilo Forest, Mqanduli Dist., Kriel in Herb.

Forest Dept., 1772; Mboleni Forest, Notineela, October, Fegen in Herb. Forest Deyt.,

1771; Manina Forest, Engcobo Dist.. August, Zahn in Herb. Forest Dept., 2047 (leaf) ;

Cwebe Forest, January (fruit), Pretorius in Herb. Forest Dept., 1854.

Gerrard 1428 from Natal. Description of branches and leaves by Baker in Journ.

BO, Veit, NOY, jo. Way

Arbor vel frutex? Ramulis cortice griseo tectis ; folis saepissime 4-jugis cum impari

petiolulato, foliolis petiolulatis oblongis apice apiculatis lateralibus aliquantulum inaequi-

lateraeibus oppositis vel passim alternis bas: cuneatis vel interdum rotundatis coriaceis

margine integris vel plus minus serratis costa superne impressa subtus subconspicua nerviis

secundariis tenuibus inter se juxta marginem anastomosantibus foliolis terminalibus

oblongo-oblanceolatis foliolis proximis quam distalibus minoribus ; rachi omnino exalata.

I have seen aspecimen in leaf only (Zahn in Herb. Forest Dept., 2037) which agrees

with the above description, except that the leaves are 6-jugate. The leaflets which appear

to be young have a long hairy apiculus, and are either entire or serrated in the upper half.

In Tyson, 6216, in the Bolus Herb. on which Oliver founded his B. tysoniana, I find that

some of the leaflets have this hairy apiculus and some are also toothed, so that it would

appear that Baker is correct in regarding Gerrard, 1428, as near B. tysoniana, and I am

of opinion that it is this species. The distribution of B. tysoniana suggests that it will

probably be found in Natal.

I IID VISION OW GENS ANEIRICAIN SPECIES

OF SESBANIA.

By KE. P. Puitures, Division of Botany, Pretoria, and J. Hurcuinson (Kew).

THE present paper is an attempt to revise the African species of the genus Sesbania, family

Papilionaceae. Imperfect as it may prove to be, it is long overdue, chiefly because of

the great accumulation of herbartum material since the publication of the second volume

of the “ Flora of Tropical Africa ” in 1871, much of this material having remained unnamed

or imperfectly determined. The results of this investigation might very well have been

more satisfactory to the authors had there been more field notes available regarding the

situation, habit, floral colouring, etc., of the specimens accumulated in the various herbaria

which they have been able to consult.* That this information is vital in the determination

and limitation of the species of Sesbania, at least, has been well demonstrated by Prain +

in his critical elucidation of the Indian species.

The genus Sesbania contains about fifty. species which occur in the warmer parts of

the world, mainly in or by the sides of streams, lakes, and swamps. It appears to attain

its greatest development in tropical Africa, a few of the species extending into South

Africa as far as Natal, and into various parts of the Transvaal and Bechuanaland. In

the present revision of the species from this area twenty-three are recognized to be distinct.

They belong to two sections, nineteen to Busesbania and four to Daubentonia, the latter

characterized by its four-winged fruits. The third and purely American section into

which Sesbania was divided by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. PI., I, 502) is now recognized

by American botanists { as a distinct genus, Glottidiwm, and the present authors’ “vlows

coincide in respect to this. They cannot, however, go so far as to accept the American

view regarding the generic status of Da ubentonia which occurs in the three widely separated

areas, namely, the south-eastern United States and Mexico, sub-tropical South America,

and tropical East Africa. This broken distribution seems to point to a separate origin

ot the species of Daubentonia from the basal stock, Husesbania, species of which occur

in all these areas. Gilottidiwm, on the other hand, a native of Florida, is well separated

from Sesbania by its short fruits with only two seeds and the manner of dehiscence, the

seeds remaining inside the dry bladder-like endocarp which detaches itself as a whole from

the outer shell.

In the case of the African species we have found a most useful and constant character

in the nature of the appendages on the claw of the vexillum. In the first five species

shown in the key these are long and quite free from the vexillum in their upper half. In

* For the privileges of examining the specimens under their charge, the authors tender their thanks

to Sir David Prain, Director, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew ; Dr. A. B. Rendle, Natural History

Museum, South Kensington ; Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, Director, Botanical Survey, South Africa ; Mrs. Bolus,

30lus Herbarium, Capetown ; ‘Dr. L. Perinquey, South African Museum; Dr. Schénland, Albany

Museum, Grahamstown; the Director, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria ; and Mr. Fred Eyles, Salisbury,

Rhodesia.

+ Prain in Journ. Anat. Soc., Bengal, LXVI, 366-370 (1897).

{ Small, Fl. South-Eastern Unit. States, Ed. II, 615 (1913).

all the other species they are sessile and adnate to the claw, whilst they are not perceptible

in one species, S. leptocarpa. These appendages on the claw of the vexiilum in Sesbania

are probably closely connected with pollination, and no doubt, as in some other Leguwmi-

nosae, their function is to clasp and 'ift open the free stamen in order to give insects ready

access to the nectaries.

We have considered it sufficient to restrict ourselves in regard to synonymy to those

names to which have been applied to the African species.

KEY TO THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF SHSBANIA.

I. Eusesbania.—Fruits not winged on the margins of the valves (in S. sphaerocarpa fruits

acutely keeled down the middle of the valves).

Appendages of claw of vexillum free in their upper half or third:

Vexillum yellow, plain or finely speckled on the back with

dark spots :

Stems and leaves rather densely villous pubescent :

Flowers solitary or in pairs : leaflets 5-10 pairs, stipules _

deciduous ; appendages to vexillum obtuse........ 1. S. Goetzer.

Flowers several in each inflorescence; leaflets more

then 10 pats; stipules persistent ; appendages to

vyeuillincm aouighy BOUUIMENIE scab sdooteccdedasor 2. S. speciosa.

Stems and leaves glabrous or nearly so:

Inflorescence branched; peduncles smooth; West

INSTRGR or SI NEOIOS: eae a aie eae iene Beran eS ROR or 3. S. punctata.

Inflorescence not branched :

ReduncleswsmOothemuene yas seem ne sak nee 4. S. aegyptiaca.

Redumnclessaculea tesa eee hapa ee 5. S. Dummert.

Vexillum and tips of wings suffused throughout with dark

[DUD Gs « ocrd S18 alee ces een SRS Since eee eee ea 4. S. aegyptraca

var. bicolor.

Appendages of vexillum wholly adnate to the claw or absent :

Flowers very large, 5-10 cm. long: fruits about 30 cm. long ;

leaflets 3-3-5 cm. long; cultivated species............... 6. S. grandiflora.

Stipules foliaceous, broad, about 1 cm. long, more or less

persistent :

Peduncles smooth :

lowers) palesblues motnspecklednr sane etae rece: 7. S. caerulescens.

lowers yellows. viexallumy speckledes.4-5¢ 04-4262: 8. S. cineresens.

edunmelessstronclyeaculeatessern meee tee see cs or 9. S. macrantha.

Stipules more or less subulate, never foliaceous, and mostly

soon falling off:

Stems and leaves or leaves only rather densely pubescent :

Calyx glabrous outside :

Ode MOL ntOnull OSC rmta: so spey ce oie ssatsk ef acho 2 = poses ot 10. S. pubescens.

Rodustronelyetorulosenee mere anyone sae iexcis, > 11. S. Dalzelir.

Calas pUleTOCms OUUSGCIS. snadoodoneaneceuennenndees 12. S. Wildemanni.

Stems and leaves glabrous or only slightly pubescent :

Leaflets usually well over 1 cm. long; leaves nearly

always as long or longer than the inflorescence :

Valves of the fruit not keeled down the middle :

Appendages absent from the claw of the vexil-

Jum ; fruits torulose, much constricted between

EM CUSCEO Serre chet. oehtts Stet settler ante ass 13. S. leptocarpa.

Appendages present on the claw of the vexillum :

Margins of the fruits straight :

Fruits about 7 mm. broad ; seeds separated

by partitions of the endocarp ; stems and

leaf-rachis never aculeate.............. 14. S. pachycarpa.

Fruits 3 mm. thick, seeds not separated ;

stems and leaf-rachis often aculeate.... 15. S. aculeata.

Margins of fruits much constricted between the

SCCUS noire chicas Aaj hat Gecmeoetre ae tenn aiererey arene 16. S. arabica.

Valves of the fruits sharply keeled on the back,

Angolan; speciesa1 4-54 Goer cee eee 17. S. sphaerocarpa.

Leaflets very small, averaging about 5 mm. long; leaves

much shorter than the inflorescence :

Vexillum mottled with purple spots.............. 18. S. microphylla.

Wexallloran giMmeTe, MOU AORTIC! cocccocncecencocsce 19. S. mossambicensis.

Il. Daubentonia.—Prwits broadly winged on the margins of the

valves ; peduncles aculeate towards the base.

Stems not aculeate ; peduncles aculeate only near the base :

Leaves much shorter than the fruits; inflorescence very

few (1-3) flowers; N.E. Tropical Africa........:..... 20. S. tetraptera.

Leaves much longer than the fruits; inflorescence several

LOWWIeTe Oe ayant) 7/10 1ST eee 21. S. Kirku.

Stems aculeate :

Leaflets about 18 pairs; inflorescence up to 1] cm. long;

staminal sheath shorter than the free parts of the filaments... 22. S. hamata.

Leaflets about 10 pairs or less; inflorescence 1-3 flowered,

very short; staminal sheath longer than the free part of

thie: filaments ic. Bs, ei tee thi ve aeons tert. re een ee 23. S. Rogersiv.

EUSESBANIA.

1. Sesbania Goetzei, Harms., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XXX, 327 (1902).

A shrub 2-3 m. high. branchlets rather densely and softly grey-pubescent, the older

ones becoming striate or somewhat angular. Leaves shorter than the inflorescence, 3-5 em.

long; rachis and leaflets densely and softly grey-pubescent ; leaflets about 6-10 pairs.

shortly stalked, oblong, rounded and unequal-sided at the base, rounded and very minutely

mucronate at the apex, 1-1-5 em. long, 3-6 mm. broad ; stipules soon falling off, triangular-

lanceolate, acute, 3-4 mm. long, pubescent; stipules minute. Inflorescence mostly two-

flowered, axillary; peduncle softly pubescent; pedicels about 5 mm. long, with two

linear-lanceolate fugacious bracteoles towards the apex. Flower buds ellipsoid, turbinate

at the base, subacute at the apex. Calyx widely campanulate, abruptly contracted into

a solid turbinate base, about 5 mm. long, with five acute subulate-triangular lobes scarcely

1-5 mm. long, sparsely pubescent outside. Vexillwm large, orbicular, about 3 cm. long

and broad, strongly and closely mottled with purple, with two free linear curved obtuse

appendages towards the base about 7 mm. long. Alae about 2-5 em. long and 8 mm.

broad. Carina 3 mm. long, the claw slightly longer than the broadly boat-shaped limb.

Staminal-sheath 2 em. long, free parts of filaments curved upwards and about 8 mm. long.

Ovary with a very thin line of hairs along the top; style glabrous. Fruits not known.

Tropica, Arrica: Tanganyika Territory, Ubungu, Rukwa Lake, moist banks, 800 m.,

July, W. Goetze, 1115 (type). British Kast Africa, between Kikuyu and Eldama Ravine,

1898, A. Whyte ; Kldama Ravine, A. Whyte.

A very beautiful species with short leaves, few hairy leaflets, large handsome flowers,

the standard petals densely mottled with purple.

2. Sesbania speciosa, Taub., ex Engl. in Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1894, 21, 42, et in

Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 213 (1895); S. Hildebranti Taub., Lc.

Branchlets flexuose, obtusely angular, shortly pubescent. Leaves about as long as

the inflorescence up to 15 em. long; rachis and leaflets on both sides fairly densely

pubescent ; leaflets about 15 pairs, stalked, narrowly oblong, slightly narrowed and almost

equal-sided at the base, acutely mucronate at the apex, 2-2-5 em. long, 6-8 mm. broad ;

stipules persistent, obliquely lanceolate, very acutely acuminate, 1-1-3 cm. long, about

4 mm. broad at the base. adpressed-pubescent on both sides; stipels minute. Inflorescence

6-10 flowered, axillary ; peduncle stout towards the base, pubescent; pedicels about

1-5 em. long, nearly glabrous; bracts persistent, linear, about 6 mm. long, pubescent,

margins membranous towards the base; bracteoles deciduous. Flower buds not seen.

Calyx widely campanulate from an acute turbinate base, about 8 mm. long, with five

subulate acute teeth about 1-5 mm. long, glabrous outside. Vewillwm (probably yellow)

finely mottled with purple, rather broadly elliptic, shortly clawed, 3 cm. long, 2 em. broad,

with two linear free appendages at the base. Alae 3-5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad. Carina

3 cm. long, the boat-shaped limb a little longer than the claw. Staminal-sheath 2-5 cm.

long. Ovary slightly hairy. Fruit up to nearly 33 em. long, about 8 mm. broad, rather

thick, with undulate edges, nearly glabrous. Seeds somewhat kidney-shaped, dark brown.

TroprcaL Arrica: East African Protectorate. Usambara; Maschena, in meadows,

July, 1893, C. Holst, 3508 ; banks of the Kingani, 6 ft. high, fl. and fr., Hildebrandt, 960

(Herb. Mus. Brit.).

3. Sesbania punctata D.C. Prodr., ti, 265 (1825); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii, 133

(1871), partly.

A shrub or slender tree, growing on banks of streams; branches pale straw-coloured

when dry, slightly flexuous, sometimes slightly muricate below the leaves, otherwise

glabrous. Leaves shorter than the inflorescence, 7-10 cm. long; rachis pubescent on

the upper side, soon becoming neaily glabious, not prickly; leaflets 12-22

pairs, shortly stalked, oblong-linear, a little narrowed and _ sub-equal-sided at

the base, shortly and acutely mucronate at the apex, 1-2-2 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad,

glabrous or shghtly pubescent on the thickened mid-rib and margins, stipules deciduous,

recurved, about 3 mm. long, slightly pubescent ; stipels very minute. Inflorescence mostly

branched, longer than the leaves, up to 20-flowered, often about 12-flowered ; peduncle

glabrous or very slightly pubescent, especially at the base, not prickly ; pedicels slender,

up to 2 em. long, glabrous, with two small caducous bracteoles towards the apex; bracts

small and early caducous. Flower buds broadly ellipsoid, obtuse, glabrous. Calyx

broadly campanulate from a turbinate base, about 6 mm. long, with five rather short

broadly triangular lobes slightly puberulous on the margins. Vezxillwm finely mottled

with purple, about 2-5 em. long, rather shortly clawed, with two large free acuminate

appendages about 5 mm. long at the base. Alae 2-3 cm. long, about 6 mm. broad. Carina

more or less broadly spoon-shaped, 2-5 cm. long, the claw slightly longer than the limb.

Staminal sheath 2 cm. long, free part of the filaments about 5 mm. long. Ovary and style

glabrous. Fruits up to 24 em. long, slender, at first torulose, but sometimes becoming

nearly straight when ripe, beaked for some time by the persistent style. Seeds dark brown,

about 4-5 mm. long.

TropicaL Arrica: Senegambia: Without definite locality, Perrottet 231 (type) :

1839, -Guillemin (H.K.) Hendelot (H.K.). Roger in Herb. Gay (H.K.); Richard-tol, 26th

January, 1823, Dollinger (H.K.). Northern Nigeria. Sokoto Province, shrub or slender

tree overhanging rivers, December, 1910, J. M. Dalzel 324; Abinsi and vicinity, banks of

streams, common, 15th December, 1912, J. M. Dalzel 613; Katagum District, banks or

streams, J. M. Dalziel 7, Benne River, October, 1907, C. A. Parsons 154, Nupe, sand

banks, small shrub with yellow flowers, 1858, C. Barter, 970.

Vernacular: “ Alambo” (Dalziel 324, 613).

Sesbamia punctata * D.C., has been much misunderstood in herbaria, and has been

considered to be widely distributed over tropical Africa and other countries. This is not,

however, the case, and it appears to be confined to the banks of streams, in the Savannah

country from Senegambia to Northern Nigeria, probably as far as Lake Chard or may

be further. Parsons (No. 154) says it is a very common river shrub, 10 ft. high or so,

overhanging and sometimes forming dense impenetrable hedges.

The species may be at once recognized by its small branched inflorescence, mottled

standard-petal with very long free-appendages and smooth (not aculeate) peduncles.

4. Sebania aegyptiaca Poir. Encyc., vu, 128; Pers. Syn., i, 316; D.C. Prodr., ii, 264

(1825) ; Baker im Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., i1, 134 (1871) ; Prain in Journ. As. Soc., Bengal,

Ixvi, 367 (1897).

A tall shrub or small tree. Branches pilose or pubescent, rarely almost glabrous,

usually ribbed. Leaves 3-5-13 cm. long, petiole 0-3-1 cm. long, pubescent or villous ;

rachis flattened or eee above, pilose, rarely glabrous ; leaflets 9-27-jugate ; subsessile,

0-6-2 -8 em. long, 1-5-6 mm. broad, oblong, truncate, rounded, or sometimes retuse at the

apex, apiculate, aaa narrowed to the base, pubescent beneath, pubescent or glabrous

above, not punctate with minute black dots, with the mid-rib distinct beneath; the

terminal leaflets somewhat oblong-obovate. Stvpules about 5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate,

pubescent, usually deciduous, if persistent then coiled. Inflorescence an axillary raceme,

2-10 cm. long, 3-8-flowered, usually longer than, sometimes shorter than, the subtending

leaf, the base of the peduncle densely or scantily pilose, otherwise usually glabrous. Bracts

3-4 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute, pilose, deciduous ; bracteoles 1-5 mm. long, linear,

pubescent without, deciduous. Pedicels 0-5-1 -5 em. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube 3-5 mim.

long, 5-7 mm. in diameter, glabrous, truncate, with five small teeth or lobes 1 mm. long,

onan, usually minutely cilhiarie. Weslo 1-1-1 -9 em. long, 1 -2-1-9 em. broad, obovate,

suborbicular, or transversely oblong, rounded and usually retuse at the apex, with a short

claw 2-3 mm. long and with two free appendages above the claw; alae 1 -3-1-8 cm. long,

3-6 mm. broad, oblong, rounded or retuse at the apex, with a curved linear claw 5-6 mm.

long, and with a projecting tooth from the base of the lamina forming a horse-shoe-shaped

loop with the claw; carima 1-4-1-5 em. long, 5-6 mm. broad, almost plano-convex in

outline, with a linear claw 6-8 mm. long, and a projecting tooth from the lamina forming

a horse-shoe- shaped, or distinct, loop with the claw. Staminal-sheath 0-8-1 -1 em. long,

2-3-5 mm. broad at the base, with evident or distinct veins ; free portion of filaments

arcuate ; anthers 0-75 mm. long, oblong; free stamen bent near the base. Ovary 1-1-3 em.

long, sub-compressed, glabrous, with two longitudinal bands ; style 3-5 mm. long, arcuate ;

stigma small, capitate. Fruit twisted, 6-14 cm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, subterete, long-

acuminate, acute, glabrous, divided into compartments within. Seeds oblong, truncate

at both ends, reddish-brown, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, glabrous.

TROPICAL AVRICA: Senegambia : Perrottet, Sierra Leone, Vogel 24. Northern Nigeria :

Kontagora, shrub or tree by streams, J. M. Dalzel 38; 50 miles from Maifoni, Bornu,

A. C. Parsons. Lake Chad and Bornu, Talbot 1242. Attah, branched shrub, Vogel 45.

Congo: Burton; Stanley Pool, Hens 348. Angola Kiteve, Kunene River, Bouin 955.

kysionmn Sudan : “‘Rondlofam, Pfund 404; Kotschy "712, 223, 347, 539, White Nile, Brownell ;

Lynes ; Schweinfurth 998 ; Muriel 107; Kassala, Schweinfurth, tree near wells, Mut Oasis ;

Daklila, MacDougal and Sykes 187 (H exb. Mus. Brit.), Khartoum, Schweinfurth 865. Sedan,

Schweinfurth 537. Blue Nile, Muriel, 69; Schweinfurth 962; near Matamma, Schwein-

fwth 1865. Colonia Eritrea: Adi Gana, Pappi 192: Abyssinia: Cockburn ; Quartin-

Dillon and Petit 167; Wellby ; Schweinfurth and Riva, 681. British Hast Africa: various

localities; James; Elliot 313; Whyte-Grenfell ; Diimmer 1781, 2008; Dowson 336 ;

* De Candolle’s description reads as follows :—

S. punctata, herbacea glabra, foliolis oblongo-linearibus obtusissimis mucronatis, 10—30-jugis, petiolo

laevi superne pubescente, racemis multifloris, corolla calyce sextriplo longiore, leguminibus compressis

subtorulosis rachi duplo triplove longioribus—in Senegal. (Perrottet), Flores flavi lin. 8-9 longi, vexillo

punctis purpureis extus maculato (v.s. comm. a cl. Perrottet).

Kassner 623, 628, Uganda; Speke and Grant 710; Whyte ; Scheffler 227; Scott Elliot

7547, 6560, Diimmer 225; Bagshawe 491, 99, Tanganyika Territory: Hildebrandt 961 ;

Holst 3442 ; Riddelsdell 150; Goetze 53; Rhodesia: Livingstone, Rogers, 7227; Victoria

Falls, Allen 7; Flanagan 3084, 3113; Galpin 7046; Kolbe 3132; Lamb 2293; Rogers

5099, 5095, 7407, 13127, 13190, 13289, 13465; Matoppo Hills, Rogers 5159. Portuguese

Hast Africa: Kirk; Rikatla, Junod, 229; Delagoa Bay, Scott, Lourenco Marques,

Schlechter 11585; Bolus 7728. Maputa River, Maputaland Exped. in Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 14402. Gazaland: Lower Buzi, Swynnerton 1393.

Sourn ArricA: Transvaal: Messina, Rogers 19404, Komatipoort, Rogers 423, 440, and

in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 2604, Crocodile Poort; Galpin 1074; Bolus 7727, Barberton ;

Pole Evans 2944; Sheba Siding, Thorncroft in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 18235. Barberton,

Rogers 20314. Swaziland, Moss Stewart in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8975. Natal: Umilalasi,

Wylie in Herb. Wood 8551; near Stanger, Wood 3859; near Durban, Gueinzius ; Gerrard

1070; Umegent, Wood 9562.

Var. bicolor, Wight and Arn. Prodr. 214 (1834); Prain in Journ. As. Soc., Bengal,

Ixvi, 567 (1897). Sesbania atropurpurea, Taub. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XXIII, 188 (1896) ;

like the typical form in vegetative characters, but the standard petal entirely suffused

with purple.

TropicaL Arrica: Senegal: Perrottet 232. Egyptian Sudan: Khartoum, in the

garden of the Catholic Monastery and cultivated in the gardens below the town on the

Blue Nile, 20-30 ft. high, Schweinfurth 796, 779. Cordofan, Kotschy 35.

South Arrica: Natal: near Durban, Wood 8890.

A common species in most tropical countries. The tropical form of Sesbania aeqyptiaca

is said to have uniformly yellow flowers ; a second form described by Persoon as S. picta

has the standard finely mottled with purple. Whilst we have not considered it worth

while to distinguish these two conditions, owing to the difficulty of determining them

from dried specimens, we have maintained the var. bicolor of Wight and Arnot, which

is probably only found in cultivation, and has the standard petal entirely suffused with

purple. In Africa, as in parts of India, the mottled form appears by far the most common.

According to Prain (l.c.), S. aegyptiaca is a very familiar hedge plant in Indian fields

and gardens. Its wood is still (in India) highly reputed as a source of charcoal for gun-

powder manufacture.

5. Sesbania Dummeri* n. sp.

A slender shrub up to 5 cm. high, branchlets glabrous except when quite young ;

nearly terete. Leaves shorter or nearly as long as the inflorescence, 8-1! cm. long ;

rachis glabrous or slightly pubescent, not prickly ; leaflets 14-16 pairs, stalked, oblong-

linear. slightly narrowed and sub-equal-sided at the base, rounded and distinctly mucro-

nate at the apex, 1-5-2 cm. long, about 4 mm. broad, glabrous or with a few minute hairs

on the margin; stipules sub-persistent, linear or linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate,

*Sesbania Dummeri Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. nov.

Affinis S. punctatae DC. et S. aegyptiacae Poir., sed ab. ambilus pedunculis basin versus aculeatis

inflorescentiis simplicibus differt.

Frutex gracilis usque ad 5 m. altus; ramuli maturi glabri, fere teretes. Folia inflorescentia breviora

vel fere aequilonga ; rachis glaber vel leviter pubescens, haud aculeatus ; foliola 14-16-juga, petiolulata

oblongo-linearia, basi leviter attenuata et subaequilata, apice rotundata et mucronata, 1 -5—2 cm. longa,

circiter 4 mm. lata, marginibus glabris vel minute pubescentibus ; stipulae subpersistentes, lineares vel

lineari-lanceolatae, acutae acuminatae, 7-10 mm. longae, sicco-brunneae, parce ciliolatae ; stipellae

minutae. Inflorescentia racemosa, folia aequilonga vel longior, usque ad 8-flora ; pedunculi basin versus

aculeati, pedicellis gracilibus, usque ad 1 c. longis, apicem versus bracteolis parvis caducis munitis ;

bracteae mox caducae. Alabastra oblique ellipsoidea, apice obtuse contracta. Calyx e basi turbinato

late et leviter oblique, campanulatus, circiter 7 mm. longus, lobis 5 late triangularibus mucronulatis

marginibus intra puberulo-ciliatis. Vewillum flavum, brunneo maculatum, circiter 2-5 cm. longum,

breviter unguiculatum, ungue appendicibus oblique lanceolatis liberis circiter 7 mm. longis munito. Alae

2-5 cm. longae, circiter 7 mm. latae. Carina 2 em. longa, limbo rhomboideo. Tubus staminalis 2 cm.

longus, filamentorum partibus liberis 6 mm. longis. Ovarium et stylus glaber. Fructus juinior leviter

torulosus, maturus non visus. .

7-10 mm. long, brown when dry, sparingly ciliolate; stipels minute. Inflorescence

racemose, as long or longer than the leaves, up to about eight-flowered ; peduncle finely

prickly, especially towards the base; pedicels slender, up to 1 em. long, with two small

caducous bracteoles towards the apex ; bracts very early caducous. Flower-buds obliquely

ellipsoid, obtusely contracted at the apex. Calyx broadly and slightly obliquely cam-

panulate from a turbinate base, about 7 mm. long, with five broadly triangular mucronu-

late lobes pubeculous-ciliolate within the margin. Vemilluwm yellow, finely mottled with

brown, about 2-5 cm. long, rather shortly and broadly clawed, with two large obliquely

lanceolate free appendages about 7 mm. long. Alae 2-5 em. long, about 7 mm. broad.

Carina 2 cm. long, the claw about as long as the more or less rhomboid limb. Staminal

sheath 2 cm. long, free parts of the filaments 6 mm. long. Ovary and style glabrous.

Young fruits slightly torulose ; mature ones not seen.

TropicaAL Arrica: Uganda: Kirerema, 4000 ft., margins of swamps, flowers yellow,

spotted with brown, September, 1913, A. Diimmer 225. Without definite locality,

A. Whyte.

6. Sesbania grandiflora Poir. Encycl., vii, 127 (1806); Pers. Syn., ii, 316 (1807).

A small tree or shrub; branchlets rather thick, very shortly and softly pubescent

when young. Leaves much longer than the inflorescence, up to about 20 cm. long:

rachis subterete, slightly pubescent or glabrous; leaflets about 15-20 pairs, stalked,

rather elongate-oblong, rounded and slightly unequal-sided at the base, rounded and

minutely mucronate at the apex, about 2-5-3 em. long and 0-5-1 cm. broad, thinly

chartaceous, shortly pubescent or glabrous, often glaucous, with about six pairs of lateral

nerves; stipules deciduous ; stipels subulate, minute. Inflorescence few-flowered, axillary ;

peduncle softly pubescent. Flowers large and showy, usually about 10 em. long, pink

or red. Fruits about 30 cm. long, flat.

This well-marked species, the native country of which is doubtful, is widely cultivated

in the tropics for its handsome flowers. The leaves are often used as a substitute for

spinach. We have seen African specimens from Senegambia (Herb. Gay), Gold Coast

(Axim, T. F. Chipp, 391), and Lagos (Dr. J. W. Rowland).

7. Sesbania caerulescens Harms in Warb. Kunene-Sambesi Exped., 260 (1903). S. Hockiw,

De Wild, in Fedde Rep., XI, 544 (1913).

An erect plant about 3-5 m. high (Hyles); stems ribbed, glabrous, marked with

brown lines. Leaves 5-13 cm. long ; petiole 0-8-1 -1 cm. long, glabrous ; rachis channelled

above, glabrous; leaflets 10-18-jugate, subsessile, 0-3-1-8 em. long, 1-5-5 mm. long,

oblong, obtuse, with an acute apiculus 0-5 mm. long, slightly narrowed at the base,

punctate above with minute black dots, glabrous. Stipules 7 mm. long, oblanceolate,

with a long point striped with brown, glabrous, deciduous. Inflorescence an axillary

raceme, 4-6-5 cm. long, 1—4-flowered, as long as or shorter than the subtending leaf ;

bracts 7 mm. long, lanceolate, long-acuminate, striped with reddish-brown, glabrous,

deciduous; bracteoles 3 mm. long, linear, otherwise similar to the bracts; pedicels

0-8-2 -3 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube spotted, 6-7 mm. long, 6-5-7 mm. broad, cam-

panulate, glabrous; teeth 3 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute, ciliated. Vexillum a

““ washed-blue ” (Hyles), spotted, 2-5-2-9 em. long, 2 -4-2-85 em. broad, rounded, retuse

at the apex, with a claw 3 mm. long. Alae spotted, 2 -5-2-6 em. long, 0-9-1 cm. broad,

obtuse, with a linear claw 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, and with a downward projecting

tooth. Carina spotted, 2-2-5 em. long, 0-75-1-1 cm. broad, obtuse, with a linear claw

1-1 -2 em. long and a tooth from the lamina slightly projecting upwards. Staminal sheath

1-7-2 em. long, 3-4 mm. broad at the base, with the free portion of the filaments arcuate ;

free stamen curved at the base. Ovary spotted, 1-7-2 cm. long, subcompressed ; style

7-8 mm. long, arcute, glabrous ; stigma small, ellipsoid. Fruit 23-25 em. long, 3-5-4 mm.

broad, linear, long acuminate, with a broad suture on one side, somewhat keeled on the

other, glabrous. Seeds dark reddish-brown, 5 mm. long, 2:5 mm. broad, oblong, slightly

narrowed at each end, glabrous.

TropicaL ArricA: Angola: Miane River at Kavamba, 1175, m.,; swampy ground,

March, 1900, Bawm 782 (type). River Kumpulua-Kuito, Gossweiler 3195. Luco planta-

tions, an annual, erect. glaucous green herb up to 15 ft. high, fls. pale blue, in inundated

marshes, February, 1906, Gossweiler 3745 (Herb. Mus. Brit.). Congo State: between

Ohinienna and Elisabethville, Hock. Rhodesia: Salisbury, April, Flanagan, 3121; Cleve-

land Dam. In colonies on most land 5000 ft., 10 ft. high, February, Hyles, 600.

8. Sesbania cinerascens ee. ex Baker, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., i, 134 (1871); Hiern:

in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw., 1, 231, under Sesban (1896).

A tall arborescent ae or shrub up to 5 m. high, ashy grey in colour. Branches

glabrous, smooth. Leaves 10-24 cm. long, 14—30-jugate ; petiole 1-2-5 cm. long, glabrous ;

leaflets 14-30 pairs, subsessile, oblong or oblong-linear, rounded above, minutely punctate,

usually unequal at the base, 0-7-2 -8 cm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, elabrous, with the mid-rib

distinct beneath. Stipules foliaceous, 1-2 cm. long, ovate, acuminate, soon deciduous.

Inflorescence axillary, racemose, 11-24 cm. long, rarely only 7 cm. long, longer or shorter

than the subtending leaf ; peduncle glabrous ;_ pedicels 1-2 cm. long » glabrous ; bracts

1-5-5 mm. long, setaceous, caducous. Flowers yellow. Calyx-tube 5-6 mm. long, ¢ cam-

panulate, with five distinct veins, glabrous; lobes 1-5-2 mm. long, ovate, acute, woolly-

ciliate. Vexillwm spotted, 1 -8-2-1 em. long, 1-7-2 -2 em. broad, abowace retuse at the

apex, narrowed into a short claw, with two ridges above the claw; alae 1-8-2 cm. long,

6-7 mm. broad, oblong or oblong-obovate, rounded above, produced into a curved claw

5-6 mm. long, with a downward. projecting tooth above the claw; carina 1-7 cm. long,

obtuse, produced into a linear claw | cm. long, and with a downward projecting tooth

above the claw. Staminal sheath 1-1-2 cm. long, 3-5-6 mm. broad at the base; free

portion of filaments arcuate; anthers 0-5 mm. Tong, oblong. Ovary 0-9-1-4 em. long,

linear, with two longitudinal bands; style 5 mm. long, at right angles to the ovary ;

stigma small, capitate. Fruit 26 cm. long, semi-terete, acuminate. Seed 9 mm. long,

3 mm. in diameter, oblong, rounded at each end, glabrous.

TropicaL Arrica: Angola: Pungo Andongo, in thickets near the River Lombe,

fl. and fr. Mar. Welwitsch, 1999; in bushy places by streams, near Pedra Cabondo, fl.

and fr. Apr., Welwitsch, 2000. Rhodesia: Matoppos, c. 4000 ft., May, Rogers 7924 ;

Mazoe near Salisbury, April, Flanagan 3122, Victoria, C. F. H. Monro, 1932; near

Bulawayo, Rand 448; Hyles 1235, 1514.

South Arrica: Natal: Itafamasi, Wood, 882, Insuzi, April, Wood, 5311, and in

Natal Govt. Herb. 8677; Natal, Gerrard 32. Transvaal: Barberton Div., banks of Kaap

River, 2000, September, Galpin 1074 B; Barberton, Rogers 21567, 23891; Pietersburg

Div., Macoutsie River, Breyer in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 18664.

Mr. Eyles says in regard to his specimen No. 1235: “ In December, 1917, I planted

here several of the saedks of No. 1235 (over fourteen years old) after soaking forty- three

hours in water. Germination was 100 per cent., and one of the plants has been growing

since. It is about 12-15 ft. high, and in March it was profusely covered with medium-

sized yellow flowers which never opened until 4.30 p.m. daily.”

9. Sesbania macrantha * Welw., MSS. 8S. puwnctata Hiern. in Cat. Afr. Pl., Welw., 1, 231,

partly, non D.C.

*Seshania macrantha Welw. mss., sp. nov. affinis S. cinerascenti Welw. sed. caulibus et pedunculis

dense aculeatis differt.

Herba usque ad 5 m. alta; rami leviter costati, plerumque aculeati. Folia 5-5-18 cm. longa ;

petioli 0-7-2 cm. longi, glabri vel parce aculeati ; foliola 5-34-jugata, petiolulata, 0-9-2 -4 cm. longa,

2-6 mm. lata, oblonga vel oblongo-linearia, apice rotundata et mucronata, basi inaequalia, glabra, punctis

minutis nigris ; stipulae usque ad. 1-4 mm. longae, lanceolatae, acuminatae foliaceae, subpersistentes.

Inflorescentia 13-20 em. longa, 6—14-flora ; ; peduneuli inferne aculeati; bracteae mox deciduae ; pedicelli

0 6-1-5 em. longi, glabri. Calycis tubus 5-6 mm. longus, campanulatus ¢ glaber, dentibus 1 mm. longis,

ovatis, sralnaecrmmne te, lanato-ciliatis. Vexillwm 1-7 ecm. longum, 2 cm. latum, rotundatum, retusum.

Alae 1-8 cm. longae, 8 mm. latae, obovatae, obtusae. Carnia 15 cm. longa, 5:5 mm. lata. Vagina

staminalis 1-2 em. longa. Ovarium compressum. Fructus 25-29 cm. longus, leviter compressus, circiter

6 mm. latus, acuminatus marginibus incrassatis. Semina 6mm. longa, 3 mm. lata, oblonga, utrinque

rotundata, glabra.

Herb. up to 5m. high. Branches slightly ribbed, usually covered with prickles,

glabrous. Leaves 5-5-18 cm. long; petiole 0-7-2 cm. long, glabrous, sometimes with

a few prickles; leaflets 5-24-jugate, petiolulate, 0-9-2-4 cm. long, 2-6 mm. broad,

oblong to oblong-linear, rounded and mucronate at the apex, unequal at the base,

glabrous, punctate with minute black dots; petiolule 1 mm. long; stipules up to 1-4

mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, foliaceous, subpersistent. Inflorescence 13-20 cm. long,

6—14-flowered ; lower portion of peduncle covered with prickles ; bracts deciduous, not

seen; pedicels 0-6-1-5 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube 5-6 mm. long, campanulate,

five-veined, glabrous; teeth 1 mm. long, ovate, subacuminate, woolly-ciliate. Veaxillum

1-7 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, rounded, retuse above, produced into a claw 2 mm. long ;

alae 1-8 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, somewhat obovate, obtuse, produced into a curved

linear claw 5 mm. long, and with an inclined tooth forming a horse-shoe-shaped loop with

the claw; cara 1-5 ecm. long, 5-5 mm. broad, obtuse, with a downward projecting

claw. Staminal sheath 1-2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad at the base; the free portion of the

filaments arcuate; free stamen kneed near the base. Ovary compressed, with two

longitudinal bands; style arcuate; stigma capitate. Fruit 25-29 cm. long, somewhat

compressed, about 6 mm. broad, acuminate; the valves thickened. Seeds 6 mm. long, 3

mm. broad, oblong, rounded at each end, glabrous.

TropicaL ArricA: Uganda: Kampala, tall handsome shrub, Scott Elliot 7267-

“ Hlephant grass” land near Kasala Forest, slender, up to 15 ft. high, fls. yellow, Diimmer

742. British Kast Africa: Aberdare Mts., 5000-6500 ft., Battuscombe 8 ; two days’ march

from Mumias, A. Whyte; Nyasaland: Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., A. Whyte; Congo:

Elizabethville, Rogers 26224; Southern Rhodesia: Odzani River Valley, Manica Dist.,

A. J. Teague 15; Angola: Huilla, in bushy places along the banks of the River Monino,

fls. and fr., Welwitsch 1995; Pungo Andongo, in palm groves on the banks of the River

Cuanza, near Sansamanda, rather rare, Welwitsch 1997.

Soutn Arrica: Transvaal: Waterval Onder, Jenkins in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 6724.

This appears to be a very fine species, resembling in its aculeate stems and peduncles

S. aculeata, but with much larger stipules, inflorescence, and fruits than in that species.

lO. Sesbania pubescens, D C. Prodr. 11, 265 (1825); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. u, 135

(1871) ; Hiern. in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i, 231 (under Sesban) (1896). Hmerus pubescens,

Schum. Guin. Pl., 354 (1827).

A slender shrub growing near water; branches ascending, slightly angular when

older, finely and rather laxly pubescent ; young growths densely silky-pubescent. Leaves

three or four times as long as the inflorescence, about 12 cm. long; rachis thinly

pubescent ; leaflets 12-18 pairs (usually about 17 pairs), shortly stalked, elongated-oblong,

rounded on one side, slightly narrowed on the other, rounded and with a prominent

subulate mucro at the apex, 1-5-2-3 em. long, 5-6 mm. broad, glabrous but densely

covered with minute black spots above, adpressed silky-pubescent below ; stipules soon

falling off, linear-subulate, very acute, 6-7 mm. long, with narrowly membranous edges,

slightly pubescent up the middle; stipels minute. Inflorescence about 3 cm. long, or up

to 8 cm. very slender, simply racemose or rarely branched ; peduncle thinly pubescent ;

pedicles about 5 mm. long; bracts like the stipules, but with wider membranous margins,

soon falling. Flowers yellow, about 1 em. long; buds ellipsoid, beaked at the apex, about

5 mm. long, glabrous. Calyx campanulate from a broadly turbinate base, 5 mm. long,

with five broadly triangular acute lobes slightly puberulous on the margin. Vexillum

probably not spotted, about 8 mm. long, with two wholly adnate appendages on the claw.

Alae about 8 mm. long. Carina limb as long as the claw. Ovary and style glabrous.

Fruits curved, about 15 em. long, 3 mm. broad, with thickened margins, acutely beaked,

glabrous. Seeds oblong, reddish-brown, about 3 mm. long.

TropicaL ArricA: Senegambia: Marshes near Nboro, 1840, Brunner ; without

locality, Thiery ; Perrottet 228. Gold Coast: Accra, T. W. Brown 419; Axim, 7. F.

Chipp 426; Aburi Gardens, W. H. Johnson 950. Dahomey: Cotanou, Debeaua 150

(Herb. Mus. Brit.). Western Sudan: between Madoo and Berirem, A. Chevalier

10095. St. Thomas Island, A. Moller 86. Angola: Loanda ; rather rare in moist sandy

places (near Praia de Zamba Grande, fl. and fr. Mar., Apr., Welwitsch 1992. Tanganyika

Territory, Stuhlmann 7906.

This species is distinguished especially by its very small flowers and slender

inflorescences. S. sericea D.C. from Ceylon is a very closely allied species, with fruits

usually broader than those of S. pubescens.

11. Sesbania Dalzielii * n. sp.

A slender shrub up to 2 m. high; branches weak, angular when young, slightly

pubescent, at length striate. Leaves usually longer than the inflorescence, 15-25 em.

long; rhachis and leaflets silky pubescent ; leaflets up to 40 pairs, shortly stalked, linear-

oblong, rounded and acutely mucronate at the apex, obliquely acute at the base, 0 -8-2 -5 cm.

long, 2-3-5 mm. broad, coriaceous, appressed silky-pubescent on both surfaces; stipules

linear-subulate, acute, very soon falling off; stipels very minute. Inflorescence slender

and laxly flowered; the uppermost ones longer than their subtending leaves; peduncle

pubescent towards the base; pedicels slender, glabrous, bibracteolate towards the apex ;

bracteoles linear, 2 mm. long, falling off before the flower opens. Flower-buds ellipsoid-

turbinate, shortly acuminate, glabrous. Calyx campanulate, acutely turbinate at the

base, 5 mm. long, glabrous outside, ciliate within the five acutely acuminate lobes.

Vexillum with two small sessile appendages on the claw. Ovary glabrous. Fruit about

20 em. long, strongly torulose, shortly and acutely beaked, about 25-seeded. Seeds oblong-

ellipsoid, 5 mm. long, green and shining.

TropicaL Arrica: Northern Nigeria: Abinsi and vicinity in marshy places;

J. M. Dalzel 614 (type). Katagum District, marshy places, J. M. Dalziel 8, “ Niger,”

Bakie 9. Jeba, on the Niger, Barter. Western Sudan: Koulikoro, Chevalier 3390.

12. Sesbania Wildemannii, nom. nov.

Sesbamia affinis De Wild, in Ann. Mus. Cong: Ser. V, 1, 141 (1904), non Schrad.

Stems terete, finely longitudinally grooved, glabrous. Leaves up to about 9 em. long ;

thachis angular, shortly pubescent; leaflets about 20-25 pairs, linear-oblong, rounded

and mucronate at the apex, obliquely unequal-sided at the base, about 8 mm. long and

2 mm. broad, grey, at length glabrous above, finely appressed-pubescent below ;_ stipules

small, deciduous. Inflorescence few-flowered, very slender; peduncle slightly pubescent ;

pedicels nodding, 7 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles deciduous. Flowers about 1-5 cm.

long. Calyx ribbed, pubescent outside, with five acutely triangular teeth. Vexillum

finely mottled outside, with two sessile appendages on the claw. Fruits very narrow,

about 15 em. long and 2-5 mm. broad, glabrous, straight or very slightly torulose. Seeds

oblong, rounded at the ends, 3 mm. long, brownish.

TropicaL Arrica: Belgian Congo: Between s.espoldvill: and Mombazi, Gillet. 2626. -

We have seen rather an imperfect specimen of this species, which appears distinct

on account of its hairy calyx tube.

*Sesbania Dalzielii, Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. nov., aftinis S. pubescenti DC., sed fructibus toru-

losis differt.

Frutex gracilis usque ad 2m. altus; rami debiles, primum angulares, leviter pubescentes, demum

striati. Folia inflorescentia plerumque longiora, 15-25 em. longa ; rachis et foliola sericeo-pubescentia ;

foliola usque ad 40-jugata, breviter petiolulata, lineari-oblonga, apice rotundata et acute mucronata,

basi oblique acuta, 0 -8-2-5 cm. longa, 2-3-5 mm. lata, coriacea, utrinque appresse sericeo-pubescentia ;

stipulae lineari-subulatae, acutae, mox deciduae; stipellae minutissimae. IJnflorescentia gracilis et

laxiflora ; pedunculi basin versus pubescentes ; pedicelli graciles, glabri, bibracteati; bracteolae lineares,

2 mm. longae, mox deciduae. Alabastra ellipsoideo-turbinata, breviter acuminata, glabra. Calyx cam-

panulatus, basi acute turbinatus, 5 mm. longus, extra glaber, lobis 5 acute acuminatis intra ciliatis.

Vexillum basin versus appendicibus sessilibus instructum. Ovarium glabrum, Fructus circiter 20 em.

longus, valde torulosus, breviter et acute rostratus. Semina circiter 25, oblongo-ellipsoidea, 5 mm.

longa, viridia et nitida.

a0)

13. Sesbania leptocarpa, D.C. Prodr. 11, 265 (1825); Guill. et Perrott. Fl. Seneg. i, 199,

(1830-33) ; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.. ti, 135, partly (1871).

Stem herbaceous, sparingly branched, glabrous, finely grooved. Leaves up to 9 cm.

long, longer than the inflorescence; rachis very slightly aculeate towards the base ;

leaflets 8-18 pairs, distinctly stalked, narrowly oblong, very unequal-sided at the base,

rounded and finely mucronate at the apex, 1-1-3 cm. long, about 2-5-3 mm. broad, finely

punctate with numerous black spots on both surfaces, otherwise glabrous ; stipules very

soon falling off, linear-lanceolate, acute, about 2-5 mm. long, slightly hairy towards the

tips ; stipels minute, like little points. Inflorescence a simple raceme, about three-flowered ;

peduncle slender, slightly aculeate towards the base; bracts like the stipules, very soon

falling off; bracteoles small, at the base of the calyx tube. Flowers small, about 1 cm.

long. Calyx turbinate-campanulate, 4 mm. long, glabrous, with five triangular subacute

teeth slightly puberulous on the margin. Vellum suborbicular, striate and slightly

punctate, about 1 em. long; claw without appendages at the base or only slight thicken-

ings representing them. Alae and keel striate. Ovary and style glabrous. Frwits 12-15 em.

long, 3 mm. broad, torulose, with a dark blotch between the joints, acutely acuminate,

14-24 seeded. Seeds black, 3 mm. long.

TroprcaL Arrica: Senegambia: Moist plains around St. Louis, at north Point,

near the Walo River, Richard-Tol, Dagana, etc., Hendelot 489; Perrottet 233.

This species is distinguished by its slightly aculeate peduncles, by the absence of

appendages from the claw of the vexillum, and the torulose blotched fruits. It is apparently

confined to Senegambia.

14. Sesbania pachycarpa D.C. Prodr. 11, 265 (1825); Guill. et Perrott. Fl. Seneg. 200,

t. 50 (1830-33) ; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Aff., ti, 134, partly (1871). Sesban phaero-

carpus, Hiern. in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1, 232, partly, non Welw. :

Stems herbaceous, pithy, glabrous. Leaves 40 cm. long, many times longer than the

inflorescence ; rachis contracted at the base, glabrous; leaflets very numerous, linear-

oblong, truncate or rounded and mucronate at the apex, slightly oblique at the base,

1-2 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, glaucous-green, glabrous, very minutely punctate with

black spots; stipules linear, nearly 1 cm. long, glabrous. Inflorescence short, slender,

few-flowered, or sometimes reduced to two or three flowers; peduncle smooth; pedicels

up to 1 em. long, with two early deciduous bracteoles towards the apex. Calyx broadly

campanulate, from a sharply turbinate base, 5 mm. long, finely puberulous within the

margins of the acutely triangular lobes. Petals yellow; the vexillum densely mottled

with dark spots. Appendages to vexillum adnate to the claw. Fruits erect, curved,

about 15 cm. long and 7 mm. broad, when ripe acutely beaked, with straight margins to

the valves, but with slight constrictions between the seeds between the margins. Seeds

separated by partitions of the sub-membranous endocarp, broadly oblong, truncate at

each end, 3-5 mm. long, rarely 3 mm. thick, pale brown.

TroprcaL Arrica: Senegambia: Perrottet 230 (Herb. Mus. Brit.). Northern Nigeria :

Bornu, EL. Vogel 79; Katagum District, J. M. Dalzel 9; near Abinsi, J. M. Dalziel 615.

Eastern Sudan: South Kordofan, Pfund 134; Kotschy 72. “ Upper Nile,” Freeman and

Lucas. Abyssinia: Terrefera Valley, Schimper 775. Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch 1991

(Herb. Kew. non Herb. Mus. Brit.) ; Mossamedes, Welwitsch 1996b.

Known in Nigeria as “ Zamarke ” (Dalziel).

15. Sesbania aculeata Pers. Synops. i, 316, partly (1807); D.C. Prodr., 11, 265 (1825) ;

Prain in Journ. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, Ixvi, 369 (1897). Sesban punctatus, Hiern. in

Welw. Cat. Afr. Pl. i, 230, partly. Sesban aegyptiacus Hiern, l.c., 231, non Poir.

A weed of moist places often up to 5 m. high ; stem patently branched from the base

to apex, often aculeate, but sometimes smooth. Leaves up to 25 em. long; rachis

generally aculeate below; leaflets about thirty pairs, generally about 1-5 em. long and

3 mm. broad, glabrous and often glaucous; stipules linear-lanceolate, very acute, about

7 mm. long, glabrous, often sub-persistent. Inflorescence mostly rather few-flowered and

much shorter than the subtending leaf; peduncle aculeate or smooth ; pedicels slender,

about 5 mm. long, glabrous. Flowers yellow, about 1-5 cm. long. Calyx tube 3 mm.

long, campanulate, glabrous; teeth 1-2 mm. long, subacute. Vexillwm yellow spotted

on the back, with two sessile linear appendages on the claw. Alae wobleng or oblong-

obovate. Carma 1-3 cm. long, 4 mm. broad. Staminal sheath 1-1-2 cm. long. Ovary

glabrous. Fruits 15-20 em. long, straight or slightly curved, about 3 mm. thick, tipped

with a long slender acute beak. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, about

3 mm. long.

TropicaL Arrica: Senegal, Perrottet 229. Sierra Leone: Falaba, Scott Elliott 5220 ;

near Luseniya, about 15 ft.. with purplish flowers, Scott Elliott 4219. Gold Coast: Accra,

Krauss ; Lagos, J. M. Dalzel 1227; Macgregor 13. French Congo: Ft. Sibut, Krebedje,

Chevalier 5675. Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker and Staudt 501. Angola: Quiballa, Mon-

teiro. Mossamedes, Welwitsch 1996. Between Huilla Mission Station and Chibia, H. H. W.

Pearson 2699, 2724. Golungo Alto, Welwitsch 1994. Mossamedes. Eastern Sudan :

Schweinfurth 1046, 1869; Kotschy 539; Brown 1075. Abyssinia: Quartin-Dillon and

Petit 169. Colonia Eritraea: Beni-Amer, Pappi 161. British East Africa: Mombassa,

in damp meadows, Hildebrandt 1990; Kassner 471; Usambara, C. Holst 3212. Nyasa

Highlands, Stolz 267. Nyasaland: Johnson 361; Buchanan 910. Rhodesia: Matopos,

Allen 731. Ngamiland: Kwebe Hills, swampy places, Lugard 161, 16la, 168. Portu-

guese Hast Africa: Lourengo Marques, Schlechter 11585; Wilms 422.

Sourn Arrica: Transvaal: Shilovane, Jwnod 1131. Crocodile Poort, shrub 8 ft.,

Galpin 1074a. Aapies River, north of Pretoria, A. Haagner in Herb. Conrath 1185.

Barberton Division: Nelspruit, Rogers 23858. Natal, Drege, Sutherland ; Gerrard 32;

Keun, Wood 287, 1593; Gerrard and McKen. 734.

A common weed in most tropical countries.

16. Sesbania arabica, Hochst. ex Steud., Nom. ed. II, 1, 572 (1840).

Stems glabrous, rather slender, finely grooved. Leaves up to 15 cm. long, much longer

than the inflorescence; rachis smooth; leaflets up to thirty pairs, distinctly stalked,

linear-oblong, rounded and minutely mucronate at the apex, obliquely one-sided at the

base, about 1-5 em. long and 2-5-3 mm. broad, glaucous-green ; stipules lanceolate, with

a long linear acuminate apex, slightly pubescent on the margin, sub-persistent ; stipels

very minute, like little points. Inflorescence mostly about two or three flowered, slender ;

peduncle glabrous or nearly so; bracteoles paired at the base of the calyx, narrowly

lanceolate, with membranous margins. Flowers apparently yellow; the vexillum finely

mottled with purple. Calyx broadly campanulate from a shortly turbinate base, about

5 mm. long, slightly pubescent within the margins of the acute triangular teeth. Vexillum

with two linear sessile appendages on the claw. Fruits erect, nearly straight, up to about

25 cm. long, strongly constricted between the seeds, segments about 6 mm. long. Seeds

oblong-ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, 4-5 mm. long, dark brown, slightly shining.

TroprcaL Arrica: Northern Nigeria: Benne Valley, Muri Province, Nov., IP. dal.

Lamb 69. Eastern Sudan: S. Kordofan, Pfund 132, 308; Kotschy 47. Blue Nile, near

“Camp Ardeba,” Muriel 65. Mestra Zeraf Wood Station, Brown 1737. Colonia Eritrea :

Beni-Amer, Pappi 166.

Occurs also in Southern Arabia. Arabic name, “ Tawri” (Muriel).

17. Sesbania sphaerocarpa Welw. Apont. 590, No. 82 (1858); Hiern. in Cat. /Miie, PAL.

Welw., i, 232, partly. Sesbania sphaerosperma, Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop.

ANine,. th, 18%) (USI),

Herb, rather woody at the base, about 30 cm. high or more; stems smooth or

sparingly aculeata. Leaves up to 15 cm. long; rachis slightly aculeate below; leaflets

up to about twenty pairs, elongate-oblong, rounded and minutely mucronate at the apex,

unequal-sided at the base, 1-5-2-5 cm. long, about 5 mm. broad, pale glaucous-green,

glabrous ; stipules linear-subulate, acutely acuminate, about 8 mm. long, slightly hairy

on the margins, soon falling off. Inflorescence very small, 2—3-flowered, about 1-5 cm.

long; peduncle slender, slightly hairy towards the base; pedicels very slender, about

5 mm. long, glabrous; bracts and bracteoles caducous. Calyx widely campanulate,

acutely turbinate at the base, with five short acute lobes. Vezxillwm broadly orbicular,

with two sessile linear appendages on the claw. Fruits about 16 cm. long, 3 mm. broad,

linear, acutely acuminate, with an undulate wing on the back of the valves. Seeds nearly

rounded, small.

TropicaL ArricaA: Angola: Loanda District, J. Gossweiler 253, 1479; Loanda-

Weluntsch 1991, 1993.

18. Sesbania microphylla, Harms in Kunene-Samb. Exped., 260 (1903).

An erect branching herb, up to 2 m. high; branches ribbed, glabrous. Leaves

2-12 cm. long; petiole 0-2-1 cm. long, glabrous ; rachis flattened on the upper surface,

glabrous, leaflets 5—30-jugate, subsessile, 2-7 mm. long, 0-5-2-5 mm. broad, oblong or

elliptic, obtuse, shortly mucronate, slightly unequal at the base, punctate above with

minute black dots, glabrous, with the mid-rib distinct beneath. Strpules 2-5-3 mm. long,

setaceous, deciduous, or persistent. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, three or four flowered,

2-6 cm. long, longer or shorter than the subtending leaf; base of peduncle glabrous ;

bracts deciduous, not seen; bracteoles 2-5 mm. long, setaceous, persistent in mature

flowers; pedicels 1-2 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube 3 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter,

campanulate, with five broad brown bands; teeth 1 mm. long, ovate, with brown

acuminate tips. Vezxillum yellow, mottled with numerous fine purple spots on the back,

1-5 em. long, 1-1 em. broad, ovate-oblong, rounded above, with two adnate linear-

appendages within a short claw 1-5 em. long. Alae 1-6 cm. long, oblong, obtuse, with

a linear claw 2-5 cm. long, and a downward projecting tooth from the base of the lamina.

Carina 1-65 em. long, 5 mm. broad, almost plano-convex in outline, with a linear claw

6 mm. long, and a downward projecting tooth from the lamina. Staminal sheath 1 cm.

long, 2 mm. broad at the base, with the free portion of the filaments arcuate ; free stamen

shghtly bent at the base; anthers 0-75 mm. long, ovate. Ovary 1-3 cm. long, sub-com-

pressed, with two faint longitudinal bands; style 4 mm. long, arcuate; stigma capitate.

Fruit 11 -5-12 -5 em. long, 2-2-5 mm. broad, linear, acutely acuminate, laterally compressed,

moniliform. Seeds dark brown, 3 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, oblong, rounded at both

ends, glabrous.

TroprcaL Arrica: Angola: Mouth of the Longa River, 3480 ft., 22nd December,

1899, H. Bawm 569. Eastern Sudan: Bahr. el Ghazal, flowers yellow mottled with black,

A. F. Broun. Rhodesia: Lomagundi, Darwendale on pierite formation, in vleis, April,

Eyles, 695; Bulawayo, J. S. MacDonald in Herb. Dept. Agric. 4942.

19. Sesbania mossambicensis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 45 (1861). Ses-

bania macowaniana Schinz. in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand, XXX, 165 (1888).

A weak sparingly branched herb about 1 m. high. Branches striate, glabrous.

Leaves 1 -5-11 em. long; petiole 2-7 mm. long, glabrous; rachis flattened or channelled

above, glabrous, rarely sparsely covered with hairs ; leaflets 7-33-jugate, subsessile, oblong

or oblong-linear, rounded at the apex, shortly apiculate, unequal at the base, glabrous,

0-3-1 em. long, punctate with minute black dots on the upper surface, with the mid-rib

distinct beneath; stipules usually persistent, 2-5 mm. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate, acute. Inflorescence an axillary raceme, 1-7 cm. long, 3-8-flowered, longer

or shorter than the subtending leaf; peduncles glabrous; bracts generally persistent,

2 mm. long, linear; bracteoles persistent, 1-5 mm. long, linear; pedicels 3-7 mm. long,

glabrous. Calyx-tube 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. in diameter, campanulate, glabrous, with

five dark-brown bands; teeth 1-1-5 mm. long, acuminate from a triangular base, acute,

with black tips, usually with cottony hairs on the margins. Vewillum striped with dark

veins, but not mottled, 0-8-1-1 em. long, 0-8-1-1 em. broad, subrotund, obovate or

transversely oblong, rounded and retuse at the apex, with a claw 2 mm. long. Alae

0-8-1 -2 em. long, 3-4 mm. broad, obovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse, with a linear claw

1-5-3 mm. long, and a short downward projecting tooth from the lamina. Carina

0 -9-1-2 em. long, 3-4 mm. broad, almost plano-convex in outline, obtuse, with a linear

claw 5-7 mm. long, and a downward projecting claw from the lamina. Staminal sheath

0-7-1 cm. long, 1-3 mm. broad at the base, with the free portions of the filaments arcuate ;

free stamen dilated at the base. Ovary 0-7-1-1 cm. long, subcompressed, with two faint

longitudinal bands; style 3-4 mm. long, arcuate, glabrous; stigma capitate. Fruit

4-6 cm. long, moniliform, long-acuminate. Seeds dark reddish-brown, 2-5 mm. long,

1-25 mm. broad, oblong, rounded at each end, glabrous.

TropicaL Arrica: Maniniam: On the Tubbo River, G. Schweinfurth 3674. Portu-

guese Hast Africa: Cabaceira Peninsula and near Quillimane, Peters (type). Congo:

Elisabethville, Rogers 10872 ; without locality, Rogers 13641.

Sourn Arrica: Herbert Div., Biddulphis, nine miles north of Orange River at

Hopetown, February, Bolus 1835; Gariep River, Pappe; Transvaal: Makapansberge,

Streydpoort, A. Rehmann 5543. Pretoria Div., near the Aapies River, 4500 ft., January,

Schlechter 4179; Miss Leendertz 3205; Pretoria, March, Mrs. Pott in Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 11333; Muss Leendertz 4413: Hatherley, near Pretoria, Rogers 23943; Rusten

burg Div., Rustenburg, January, Playford in Govt. Herb. 17268 ; Crocodile River, March,

Burtt-Davy, 9297; Zeerust Div., Zeerust, Rogers 22672; Potchefstroom Div., Potchef-

stroom, Miss Leendertz 3205; Pietersburg Div., grassy plains near Pietersburg, 4000 ft.,

February, Bolus 10879. Bechuanaland: Masupa River, #. Holub. S.W. Protectorate :

Klein Namutoni, J. W. F. Brewer in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 20618.

§ DAUBENTONIA.

20. Sesbania tetraptera, Hochst. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr., ii, 136 (1871).

Stems ridged, otherwise glabrous, about 4 mm. thick. Leaves up to 12 em. long»

nearly twice as long as the inflorescence ; rachis sparingly pubescent when young, soon

becoming quite glabrous or with a few small prickles on the lower side towards the base ;

leaflets about fifteen pairs, shortly stalked, narrowly oblong, unequal-sided at the base,

truncate-rounded and sharply mucronate at the apex, 1-2-2 cm. long, 3-4-5 mm. broad,

glabrous, spotted with minute black dots on the upper side, with no visible nerves or

veins ; stipules subpersistent, subulate-lanceolate, very acute, 5-6 mm. long, very slightly

pubescent inside ; stipels very minute and subulate. Inflorescence a simple raceme, few

(up to seven) flowered ; peduncle up to 6 cm. long, thickened at the base and there closely

beset with subulate-triangular prickles; bracts linear-subulate, about 3 mm. long, per-

sistent ; pedicels about 7 mm. long, filiform, with a pair of linear deciduous bracteoles

at the apex about one-third the length of the calyx. Calyx campanulate, turbinate at

the base, 5 mm. long, with five short triangular lobes, the latter minutely pubescent inside

the margin. Vewillwm broadly orbicular, 1-2 cm. long, cuneate into a short claw about

2 mm. long, with two linear sessile ridge-hke appendages about 2 mm. long near the base.

Alae oblong; limb 8-5 mm. long; claw bent, 5 mm. long. Carina broadly semilunar ;

limb 8 mm. long, with an acutely triangular tooth on the upper side ; claw curved, 5 mm.

long. Staminal sheath 0-8 cm. long, free part of filaments 3-4 mm. long; anthers 0-75 mm.

long. Ovary 8 mm. long, four-winged ; style bent at right angles, 3 mm. long, puberulous

towards the top. Frwits much longer than the leaves, 15 em. long, 1 cm, broad, broadly

four-winged, stipitate, for about 1 cm. at the base, acutely acuminate at the apex. Seeds

reddish-brown, oblong-elliptic, broadly rounded at both ends, 6 mm. long, with a small

circular hilum in the middle,

TropicaL ArricA: Nubia: Jn dry limestone of Arasch-Cool, 7th October, 1839,

Kotschy 131 (H.K.). “ Upper Egypt and Cordofan,” without definite locality, 1837-38,

Kotschy 83 (H.K.).

21. Sesbania Kirkii * n. sp.

Stems slightly ridged or nearly smooth, not prickly, rather stout, about 5-6 mm. thick.

Leaves up to 30 cm. long, more than twice as long as the inflorescence ; rachis sparingly

pilose when very young, soon glabrous or with one or two small prickles on the lower side

towards the base ; leaflets up to about 35 pairs, shortly stalked, elongate-oblong or linear-

oblong, slightly unequal-sided at the base, rounded and mucronate at the apex, 2-5-3 -5 em.

long, about 5-6 mm. broad, spotted with minute black dots on the upper surface, otherwise

glabrous, with several faint lateral nerves; stipules persistent, lanceolate or linear-

lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 1 cm. long, pubescent inside; stipels distinct, subulate,

about 1 mm. long, Inflorescence several flowered, racemose, slender, up to 14 cm. long ;

peduncle slender, broadened towards the base and there provided with numerous subulate

spreading prickles ; bracts persistent, longer than the pedicels, linear-lanceolate, very acute,

5-6 mm. long, sparingly ciliate; pedicels about 4 mm. long, slender, glabrous, with a

pair of persistent bracteoles a little more than half as long as the calyx. Calyx campanulate,

turbinate at the base, 4 mm. long, with five triangular lobes about 1 mm. long, the latter

minutely ciliolate. Petals as in S. tetraptera Hochst. Fruits much shorter than the leaves,

about 15 cm. long and nearly 1-5 cm. broad, stipitate for about 1 cm. at the base, very

acutely beaked, acuminate, broadly four-winged. Ripe seeds not seen.

Troprcat ArricaA: Zambezi Basin: Tette, fls., February, 1859, Dr. J. Kirk (H.K.) ;

near Sena, fr., June, 1859, Dr. J. Kirk (H.K.). Lower Shire, elephant marsh, especially

on the banks of the river, fls. and fr., February, 1887, LZ. Scott (H.K.).

22. Sesbania hamata,j n. sp.

* Seshbania Kirkii, Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. noy.; affinis S. tetrapterae, Hochst., sed foliis, fructus

brevioribus foliolis numerosissimis majoribus inflorescentiis multifloris differt.

Caules leviter costati vel fere teretes, haud aculeati, tatis robusti, circiter 5-6 mm. crassi. Folia

usque ad 30 cm. longa, inflorescentiae ultra duplo-longiora ; rachis primum parce pilosus, mox. glaber

vel inferne acuweis paucis instructus; foliola usque ad 35-jugate, breviter petiolulata, elongato-oblonga

vel lineari-oblonga, basi leviter inaequilatera, apice rotundata et mucronata, 2-5-3 -5 em. longa, circiter

5-6 mm. lata, supra punctis nigris minutis maculata, ceterum glabra, nervis lateralibus subdistictis ;

stipulae persistentes, lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceolatae, acute acuminatae, 1 cm. longae, intra pubescentes ;

stipellae distinctae, subulatae, circiter 1 mm. longae. Jnflorescentra pluriflora, racemosa, gracilis, usque

ad 14 cm. longa ; pedunculi graciles, basin versus latiores et aculeis numerosis subulatis patulis instructi ;

bracteae persistentes, pedicellis longiores, lineari-lanceolatae, acutissimae, 5-6 mm. longae, parce ciliatae ;

pedicelli circiter 4 mm. longi, graciles, glabri, apice bracteolis calyce dimidio brevioribus instructis. Calyx

campanulatus, basi turbinatus, 4 mm. longus, lobis triangularibus 5 circiter 1 mm. longis minute ciliolatis.

Petala ut in S. tetrapterae, Hochst. (supra). Fructus foliis multo brevior, circiter 15 em. longus et fere

1:5 em, latus, basi 1-5 cm. stipitatus, apice acutissime rostrato-acuminatus, late 4-alatus. Semina

matura non visa.

+Sesbania hamata, Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. noy.; affinis S. tetraptera Hochst., sed caulibus

aculeis hamatis ornatis inflorescentis plurifloris differt.

Caulis longitudinaliter costatus, aculeis hamatis. Folia 9-18 em. longa; rachis interdum aculeis

paucis ornatus ; foliola 14—20-jugate, subsessilia, oblonga vel lineari-oblonga, apice rotundata, distincte

mucronata, 1 -2-2-7 em. longa, 2-5-6 mm. lata, supra dilute viridia, glabra ; stipulae persistentes, lineis

rubro-brunneis striatae, 0-6-1 em. longae, oblique lanceolatae, acuminatae, glabrae. Inflorescentia

axillaris, racemosa, 9-11 cm. longa, 6—9-flora, folio subtendente circiter aequilonga ; pedunculi inferne

aculeis numerosis hamatis instructi ; bracteae persistentes, circiter 5 mm. longae, lanceolatae, acuminatae,

acutae, leviter ciliatae; bracteolae bracteis similes sed breviores; pedicelli 0 -9-1-5 em. longi, glabri

Calycis tubus 3 mm. longus, 4 mm. latus, campanulatus, glaber, dentibus 1 mm. longis ovatis acutis

glabris. Vexillum maculatum, 1-2 cm. longum, 1:3 cm. latum, transverse oblongum, ungue 3 mm,

longo; alae 1-25-1-3 cm. longae, 4 mm. latae, oblongo-ovatae, superne rotundatae, ungue lineari

circiter 3 mm. longo et dente recurvato; carina 1-2 cm. longa, obtusa, ungue 5 mm. longo. Tubus

staminalis 4 mm. longus, 3 mm. latus, filamentis superne arcuatis liberis ; stamen liberum 8 mm. longum.

Ovarium subsessile, 8 mm. longum, 4-alatum, glabrum; stylus 3 mm. longus, ab ovario sub angulo

45° divergens, pubescens, stigmate capitato. Fructus immaturi usque ad 9-5 cm. longi, 4-5 mm. lati,

lineares, 4-alati, stylo persistente coronati.

Stem with longitudinal ridges, covered with hook-like prickles. Leaves 9-18 cm.

long; rachis sometimes with a few hook-like prickles on the lower half; leaflets 14-20

pairs, subsessile, oblong or linear-oblong, rounded at the apex, distinctly mucronate,

1 -2-2-7 em. long, 2-5-6 mm. broad, pale green above, glabrous, with the mid-rib distinct

beneath ; stipules persistent, striped with reddish-brown marks, 0-5-1 em. long, obliquely

lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Inflorescence an axillary raceme 9-11 em. long, 6—9-

flowered, about as long as the subtending leaf, the lower half of the peduricle covered

with numerous hook-like prickles; bracts persistent, about 5 mm. long, lanceolate,

acuminate, acute, slightly ciliate; bracteoles similar to the bracts but a little shorter ;

pedicels 0-9-1-5 cm. long, glabrous. Calyz-tube 3 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, campanulate,

glabrous; teeth 1 mm. long, ovate, acute, glabrous. Vezillum spotted, 1-2 cm. long,

1-3 em. broad, transversely oblong, with a claw 3 mm. long, widening from the base

upwards. Alae 1-25-1-3 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, oblong-ovate, rounded above, with a

linear claw about 3 mm. long and a downward projecting tooth from. the limb forming

a loop with the claw. Carina 1-2 em. long, obtuse, with a linear claw 5 mm. long, and

with an acute tooth projecting at right angles to the limb and forming a horseshoe-shaped

loop with the claw. Staminal sheath 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, with the upper half of the

free filaments arcuate; free stamen 8 mm. long, dilated at the base above a short bent

claw. Ovary subsessile, 8 mm. long, four- winged, glabrous; style 3 mm. long, bent

almost at right angles to the ovary, pubescent; stigma capitate. Young fruits up to

9-5 em. long, 4-5mm. broad, linear, four-winged, tipped with the persistent style.

South Arrica: Transvaal: Moist places near the Brak River, 2800 ft., 9th March,

1894, Schlechter 4620.

We have seen only one specimen of this apparently distinct species—in the Bolus

Herbarium, Capetown. It extends the distribution of the group Tetrapterae, formerly

only known by the solitary species (S. tetraptera) from the Nile districts, through the

Zambezi Basin (S. Kirkii and S. Rogersw) into the sub-tropical Transvaal.

23. Sesbania Rogersii * n. sp.

Branched or unbranched plants 30-69 cm. high. Stem ribbed, covered with prickles,

otherwise glabrous. Leaves 1-5-6 cm. long ; rachis 3-4 cm. long, subterete ; leaflets less

than ten pairs, subsessile, 0-5-1 -3 cm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, oblong, aie, shortly and

bluntly mucronate, punctate above with minute black dots, otherwise glabrous, with the

mid-rib distinct below; stipules setaceous, 4:5 long. Inflorescence an axillary raceme,

2-5 em. long, 1-4-flowered, longer or shorter than the subtending leaf; peduncle with

a few short prickles at the base; bracts 5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, deciduous ;

bracteoles similar, soon falling off; pedicels 0-5-1-2 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube

4 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous; teeth about 1 mm. long, ovate, acute, minutely

ciliolate. Vexillum mottled, 1-1-3 cm. long, 7-8 mm. broad, obovate, with a linear claw

* Sesbania Rogersii, Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. nov.; aftinia S. hamatae, Phillips et Hutchinson,

sed foliolis, paucijugis inflorescentiis 1—3-floris, tubo staminorum filamentorum partibus liberis longiore

differt. :

Plantae Singles vel ramosae usque ad 30-70 cm. altae; caulis costatus, aculeis ornatus, ceterum

glaber. Folia 1-5-6 cm. longa; rachis 3-4 cm. longus, subteres ; foliola 5-8-juga, subsessilia, 0-5-1 -3 em.

longae, 2-4 mm. lata, oblonga, obtusa, breviter et obtuse mucronata, supra minute nigro-lepidotis ;

stipelae setaceae, 4-5 cm. longae. Inflorescentia axillaris, racemosa, 2-6 cm. longa, 1—4-flora, folio sub-

tendente longior vel brevior; pedunculi basin versis aculeis brevibus instructi; bracteae 5 mm. longae,

lanceolatae, acuminatae, deciduae ; bracteolis similibus mox deciduis; pedicelli 0-5-1-2 cm. longi,

glabri. Calycis tubus 4 mm. longus, campanulatus, glaber, dentibus circiter 1 mm. longis ovatis acutis

minute ciliolatis. Vewillum irregulariter maculatum, 1-1-3 em. longum, 7-8 mm. latum obovatum,

ungue lineari 2-4 mm. longo apice bifidenticulato. Alae 1-3-1-4 cm. longae, 3 mm. latae, oblongae,

obtusae, ungue lineari 3 mm. longo dente reflexo; carina 1 -3-1-5 cm. longa, obtusa, concava, ungue

5-8 mm. longo lineari. Tubus staminalis 1-1-3 cm. longus basi 1-5-2 mm. latus, antheris 0-5 mm.

longis, oblongis. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, 1 -1—] -2 cm. longum, 4-alatum ; fa 3-3 -5 mm. longus,

arcuatus, apicem versus pubescens, stigmate parvo. Fructus 9-15 em. longi, —1 -2 em. lati, lineares,

acuminati, late 4-alati, medio pallidiores. Semina atrorubrobrunnea, 5 mm. eaee. 2-5 mm. lata oblonga,

utrinque fere truncata, glabra.

2-4 mm. long and two raised ridges above the claw. Alae 1-3-1-4 cm. long, 3 mm. broad,

oblong, obtuse, with a linear claw 3 mm. long and a short downward projecting tooth.

Carina 1-3-1-5 em. long, obtuse, concave, with a linear claw 5-8 mm. long, and a pro-

jecting tooth almost at right angles to the limb. Staminal sheath 1-1-3 cm. long,

1-5-2 mm. broad at the base ; free portion of the filaments shorter than the tube, arcuate ;

anthers 0-5 mm. long, oblong; free stamen bent near the base, but not swollen. Ovary

shortly stipitate, 1-1-1 -2 em. long, four-winged : style 3-3-5 mm. long, arcuate, pubescent

near the apex ; stigma small. Frwt 9-15 cm. long, 1-1-1 -2 cm. broad, linear, acuminate,

broadly four-winged, with a lighter coloured band in the middle of the valves. Seeds

dark reddish-brown, 5 mm. long, 2:5 mm. broad, oblong, almost truncate at both ends,

glabrous.

TropicaL ArricA: Rhodesia: Victoria Falls, April, Flanagan 3109; North-West

Rhodesia, without locality, Rogers 8747.

This is a very‘peculiar species with exactly the appearance of S. aculeata in regard

to its vegetative and floral characters, but with fruits broadly four-winged as in S. tetrap-

tera. It apparently provides a link between the two sections of the genus.

Wise,

INJMIOAIL, SIPICIUBS OUR TWIGS, SAVIO IDES:

By E. P. Puiiups, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Botanist in Charge of the

National Herbarium, Pretoria.'

DurrineG a short stay in Durban in January, 1919, I saw for the first time, in their native

state, species of Sapindaceae growing in the Stellabush. This led me to make an

examination of the material in the Natal Herbarium, and at the same time I took the

opportunity of describing the species. To make the records more complete than it was

possible to do from the material in the Natal Herbarium alone, all the Natal specimens

in the Bolus Herbarium and Cape Government Herbarium at Capetown and the National

Herbarium, Pretoria, were examined. This has added considerably to the Natal localities

in which the species occur.

Twelve genera of the order Sapindaceae have been recorded from South Africa, and

of these nine occur in Natal. Wood, in his ““ Handbook to the Natal Flora” (1907), cites

sixteen Natal species, but he eventually dropped Schmidelia natalensis in his * Revised

List of the Natal Flora.” Of the fifteen species mentioned by Wood, only ten are repre-

sented in the Natal Herbarium, and of those unrepresented I have not seen specimens

from Natal in any other herbarium.

The examination of the material has brought to light an undescribed Bersama which

occurs in Natal, and I am of opinion that Bersama tysoniana also occurs there, though

I have seen no Natal specimen.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Stamensmeccentricy ss Hruby bladdenyamAuru wan etary ils isl erres Cardiospermum.

Stamens not eccentric. Fruit membranous, fleshy, coriaceous, or winged.

Trees or shrubs.

Whole plant densely villous with stellate hairs; leaflets deeply

UINCISE Ce rpe teria ote ha season. a eet siren teach ace eisaoe Sag sues, sais, Sheet Melhanthus.

Plants most glabrous ; leaves or leaflets never deeply incised.

Leaves broadly ovate, palmately lobed; flowers scarlet....... Greyra.

Leaves or leaflets lanceolate or elliptic; flowers greenish or

whitish.

Leaves simple.

Hruit almost) globose, corlaceouss...-5-2 44-55. 4- 2. Allophylus.

Fruit flattened with membranous wings............. Dodonaea.

Leaves compound.

Leaflets unequal-sided ; rachis with broad or narrow

wings.

Young branches, leaf rachis, and inflorescence

denselyestomentosetr meee 5 Soe sls ire eee Hippobromus.

RlanteglabroussoralmostesOnsmscoe cle er Pteroxylon.

Leaflets not unequal-sided ; rachis not winged, or only

winged in the uppermost segment.

Leaves trifoliate ; sepals glabrous, pedicels 1 mm.

long. . JN S tab do'nce Ae nee ad ces area Allophylus.

Leaves pinnate, if trifoliate then pedicels 1 cm. long ;

sepals hairy.

Inflorescence a panicle up to 43 em. long.... Sapindus.

Inflorescence a raceme up to 17 em. long..... Bersama,

CARDIOSPERMUM Linn.

C. halicacabum Linn.

A herbaceous climber. Stems deeply five-furrowed with prominent ridges, scantily

pubescent. Leaves 3-6 cm. long, trifoliate, each leaflet of the first order digitately divided

into three leaflets of the second order ; petiole 1 -5—1 -8 cm. long, furrowed, pilose ; petiole

of leaflets 8-11 cm. long, similar to the petiole of the leaf; ultimate leaf-segments

1-5-2-5 em. long, 0-5-1-3 cm. broad, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, hirsute above.

glabrous beneath except on the veins, with the margins deeply cut into 2-3 lobes.

Inflorescence a compound umbel with three principal peduncles, axillary; primary

peduncle 3-7-2 cm. long, four-angled, pilose, and bearing at the apex two spirally-coiled

tendrils ; secondary peduncles 8-1-7 cm. long, scantily pubescent. Sepals unequal; the

smaller 2 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, ovate, rounded above, glabrous ; the larger 5 mm. long,

2-5 mm. broad, obovate, obtuse. Petals similar to the larger sepals. Stamens eccentric ;

staminal tube 1-5 mm. long; free portion of filaments 2-5-3 mm. long, hnear, glabrous,

sometimes ciliated ; anthers 0-75 mm. long, oblong. Ovary 3 mm. long, eccentric, con-

sisting of three carpels with a broad dorsal wing and a narrow ventral wing; style none ;

stigmas three, ovate, concave. Torus between the stamens and ovary produced into

two blunt lobes 5 mm. long. Fruit 2-3-celled bladdery capsule with a single seed in each

cell: the valves not veined and pubescent with bulbous base hairs. Seeds black, 4 mm.

long, 3-5 mm. broad, somewhat globose, glabrous. Sonder in Harv. and Sond., Fl. Cap.,

1, 237, Bot. Mag., t. 1049.

Natal: Verulam, March, Wood 483, and in Colonial Herb. 6795, without locality,

Sanderson, Gueinzwis.

Distripution : Rhodesia, Pondoland, Transvaal, Bechuanaland Protectorate.

MELIANTHUS Linn.

M. villosus Bolus.

A herbaceous shrub. All parts densely covered with stellate hairs. Branches

tomentose. Leaves petioled, compound, paripinnate, 5—7-jugate, 8-19 em. long; petiole

3-2-5-5 em. long, densely villous; leaflets 2-5-7-5 cm. long, 6-3 em. broad, lanceolate,

subacute, slightly narrowed at the base, densely villous, with the margins deeply and

acutely serrate ; stipules 2-2 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate,

acute, densely villous. Inflorescence a terminal raceme 28 em. long. Peduncle 12 cm.

long, densely villous. Bracts 2-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, ovate, long acuminate,

pubescent. Pedicels 2 em. long, terete, villous. Sepals unequal; lateral sepals 2-6 cm.

long, 1-3 cm. broad, elliptic, obtuse, tomentose within and without; anterior sepal

1-6 cm. long, 1 em. broad, boat-shaped, ovate in outline, long acuminate, densely tomen-

tose. Petals 1-9 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, linear, three-lobed above, densely pilose on

the upper half, with the middle lobe tongue-shaped ; the lateral lobes smaller, sometimes

rudimentary. Disc in the form of flat fleshy glands 4-5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, truncate

at the apex. Filaments 6-9 mm. long, subterete, pilose; anthers 4-5 mm. long, 2 mm.

broad, oblong. Ovary 4 mm. long, pyramidal in outline, four-angled, glabrous, four-celled,

each cell containing many ovules ; style 5 mm.long, subterete, somewhat falcate, narrowing

to a blunt point, pubescent ; stigma simple.

Natal: Rocky Hill, South Downs, 4000-5000 ft., December, Wood 1008, 4376, and

in Natal Govt. Herb. 5133.

Disrripution : Elands River Valley, near Mont-aux-Sources.

M. insignis, O. Kuntze. I have not seen specimens of this species, but from the

short description given by Kuntze (Rev. Gen. III, 43) it may possibly be the same as

M. villous Bolus.

GREYIA Hook. ann Hary.

G. Sutherlandi Hook. and Harv.

A moderately sized tree (Wood). Branches glabrous. Leaves simple, petioled, 4-10 cm.

long; petiole 1-4 cm. long, somewhat compressed, glabrous, dilated and amplexecaul at

the base; lamina 3-7 cm. long, 2-8 cm. broad, ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the

base, glabrous, 8--9-lobed with the lobes coarsely toothed, palmatinerved with distinct

veins. Inflorescence a dense raceme, 7-11 cm. long, 3-5-5 em. broad. Bracts 1 cm. long,

5 em. broad, lanceolate, obtuse. Pedicels 1-5 cm. long, terete, glabrous. Sepals 5 mm.

long, 3 mm. broad, ovate, obtuse, glabrous. connate at the base. Petals red, 1-15 em. long,

5-5 mm. broad, oblong, concave, rounded at the apex, glabrous, shortly ciliated. Dise

basin-shaped, with a rim 2 mm. deep and produced into ten processes 2 mm. long, each

bearing a flattened anther-like structure at the apex. Filaments reddish, 9-2 em. long,

terete, glabrous; anthers 3 mm. long, oblong. Ovary 7 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, ovoid.

subapocarpus, five-celled, each cell containing numerous ovules; style 5 mm. long,

gradually narrowed above, minutely five-toothed at the apex, glabrous. Harv. Thes.

Cap. t. 1, Harv. in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. II, 309; Wood, Natal Plants t. 373.

Natal: Polela, June, Fernando, 83; and in Natal Govt. Herb. 10470; Ixopo, Septem-

ber, Fannin in Natal Herb. 16241; Inanda, 2000 ft., Wood in Natal Govt. Herb. 95; Van

Reenens Pass, 5800 ft., November, Wood 4691; without precise locality, Sutherland.

DistRiBUTION : Orange Free State, Tembuland, Stutterheim, Transvaal.

ALLOPHYLUS Linn.

licavesmsitinn Comer rea pared Wa aitety mie sit hte thy olcbsid Hagen Gindea dain b sual monophylla.

Leaves trifoliate.

Leaflets lanceolate ; petiole glabrous; stigmas linear................. erosa.

Leaflets mostly elliptic ; petioles pubescent ; stigmas ovate........... africana.

Leaflets obovate or oblanceolate ; petioles pubescent ; stigmas linear... decipiens.

A. monophyllus Radkl.

A large spreading shrub or small tree, 10-30 ft. high and up to 12 in. stem diameter

(ex Sim). Branches with minute mealy pubescence and greyish bark. Leaves simple,

petioled, 2-5-2-3 em. long, 2-5-8 em. broad, elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate, acuminate,

subobtuse, shghtly narrowed or more rarely subrotund at the base, glabrous above and

beneath, sometimes with tufts of hairs in the angles of the lateral veins beneath, darker

above, with coarsely serrated margins ; petiole 1-3-5 cm. long, terete, minutely pubescent

or almost glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, 4-17 cm. long, sometimes the flowers in groups

of two on short secondary peduncles. Pedwncles 1 -5—5 em. long, terete, minutely pubescent

or glabrous. Pedicels about 1-5 cm. long. Sepals unequal, the smaller 1-5 mm. long,

1 mm. broad, elliptic, rounded above, deeply concave, glabrous; the larger 2 mm. long,

1-75 mm. broad, subrotund, concave, glabrous. Petals 2 mm. long, spathulate, densely

bearded within. Filaments 2-5 mm. long, linear, pilose; anthers 4 mm. long, oblong.

Ovary 1 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, didymous, pubescent; style 0-75 mm. long, terete,

glabrous ; stigmas 0-75 mm. long, linear, divergent. Frwt 9 mm. long, 7 mm. in the

diameter, obovate in outline, slightly narrowed at the base, glabrous. Schmidelia mono-

phylla, Presl. Fl. Cap. I, 239. Sim, Forests and Forest Floras, 170, Pl. XXXII, Fig. 3,

S. dregeana, Sond. in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 239.

Without precise locality, Gerrard and McKen. 525, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 726.

Natal: Inanda, April, Wood, 481, and in Colonial Herb., 5678, Ifafa, August (in

fruit), Lansdell in Natal Herb. 16126; Imont, Wood, 2468 ; edge of bush at Spring Grange,

c., 800 ft., April, Wood, in Natal Govt. Herb., 11248; without locality, Pappe.

Zululand : Qudeni Forest, 6000 ft., February, Davis 118, and in Natal Govt. Herb.,

8700.

Disrripution: Komgha, Kentani, East Pondoland.

A. erosus Radk1.

A shrub 4-12 ft. high (ex Sim). Branches glabrous with wrinkled greyish bark.

Leaves petioled, trifoliate, 6-12 cm. long, petiole 2-3 em. long, channelled above, glabrous ;

leaflets sessile, 3-8-5 cm. long, 9-2-6 cm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed at the base,

glabrous, minutely punctate beneath, with the margins coarsely and bluntly serrate.

Inflorescence an axillary panicle, 4-7 cm. long, the flowers ultimately cymose in groups

of 2-4; peduncle grooved, minutely pubescent or almost glabrous. Pedicels 1 mm. long,

glabrous. Sepals unequal, | mm. long, 0-75 mm. broad, obovate, rounded above, con-

cave, glabrous. Petals white, 1 mm. long, 0-75 mm. broad, obovate, subcrenate and almost

truncate at the apex, densely bearded within. Filaments (in young flowers) 0-75 mm.

long, linear, pilose; anthers 5 mm. long, oblong in outline. Ovary 1 mm. long, 1-5 mm.

broad, obovate, in outline, pubescent ; style 1 mm. long, terete, glabrous ; stigmas 1 mm.

long, linear, obtuse, divergent. Frwt 5 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter, globose, narrowed

at the base, finely and scantily pubescent, at length glabrous. Schmidelia erosa Arn.

Sond. and Harv. Fl. Cap. I, 239. Swim, Forests and Forest Flora, 169, Pl. XXXII,

Fig. 1. S. natalensis, Sonder in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 239.

Natal: Back Beach Bush, near Durban, 20 ft., April, Wood, in Natal Govt. Herb.,

11249. Durban, April, Wood 898, 7841, 10964, and in Colonial Herb., 5693. Catos Creek,

May (in fruit), Wood in Natal Govt. Herb., 2469. Umegeni, August (in fruit), Native

Collector in Natal Herb., 16218. Port Shepstone, April, Brown 422; without locality,

Saunders ; Berea, Wood.

Sim states: “Abundant along the coast, and ‘especially on the coast dunes from

the Fish River to Natal; not found inland. This species is a shrub 4-12 ft. high and often

forms a large proportion of the sea scrub. It stands sea winds where most other shrubs

fail, close to the sea. Its timber is not used and is seldom heavy enough for economic

purposes.”

DistRiputTion: East London.

A. melanocarpus Radkl.

A shrub or small tree reaching 20 ft. or more in height (ex Wood). Branches minutely

pubescent, at length becoming glabrous, with greyish bark. Leaves petioled, trifolate

(4-5), 22 em. long; petiole 2:2-8-5 em. long, channelled above, minutely and densely

pubescent ; leaflets darker above, paler beneath, shortly petioled, 2-5-12-5 cm. long,

1-2-4-5 cm. broad, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,

obtuse, rounded or more usually narrowed at the base, pubescent above and beneath,

especially on the veins, sometimes almost glabrous, with a prominent mid-rib beneath

and 7-11 lateral veins forming an acute angle with the mid-rib and distinct above, some-

times with distinct tufts of hairs in the angles between the mid-rib and the lateral veins

on the under surface. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, 3-5-12 em. long, with the flowers

ultimately in cymose groups of 3-5 on short peduncles. Peduncle 2-4 em. long, channelled,

densely pubescent, branches of inflorescence similar to the peduncle. Sepals unequal, the

smaller 1 mm. long, 0-75 mm. broad, more or less rotund, deeply concave, glabrous ;

the larger 1 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, ovate, rounded above, deeply concave, glabrous.

Petals 1-5 mm. long, spathulate, bearded. Filaments 5 mm. long, linear, densely ciliated ;

anthers 5 mm. long, somewhat obovate in outline. Ovary 7:5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad,

obovate in outline, pubescent, two locular, with a single ovule in each loculus; style

1 mm. long, terete ; stigmas, two, reflexed, 0-75 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute. In

male flowers filaments 1-1-5 mm. long, linear, ciliated ; anthers, 0-5 mm. long, subglobose.

S. africana D.C. Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. 1, 238; Wood, Natal Plants, Pl. 572; Sim,

Forests and Forest Flora, 170, Pl. XX XIII, Fig. 4. S. melanocarpa, Arn. in Hook. Journ.

Bot. Il, 153; Sonder in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 238. S. leucocarpa, Arn. in Hook:

Journ, Bot. III, 153; Sonder in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 238.

Natal: Near Phoenix Crossing, 400 ft., February, Wood in Natal Govt. Herb., 1373.

Berea, Durban, March, Wood, 11804, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 13648. Woods near

Durban, 150 ft., January, Wood, 22; Port Natal, Drege ; Gueinzius, without precise

locality, Gerrard and McKen., 525, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 94; in woods at Inanda,

1800 ft., January, Wood, 827, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 5884. Ixopo, 4000 ft., February,

Schlechter, 6648.

DistriputTion: Rhodesia, Pondoland, Kentani, Swaziland.

A. decipiens Radkl.

Young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age. Leaves petioled, trifoliate

4-8-5 cm. long; petiole 1-3 cm. long, semiterete, pubescent ; leaflets 1-6 cm. long,

0-4-2-1 em. broad, obovate or oblanceolate, obtuse, sometimes rounded at the apex,

cuneate at the base, entire or sometimes remotely crenate, glabrous above and beneath

or pubescent on the mid-rib and primary lateral veins. Inflorescence in stalked axillary

lax racemes, 4-7 cm. long, stalk 1-3 cm. long, pubescent; rachis pubescent. Larger

sepals 1-25 mm. long, 1-75 mm. broad, more or less broadly oblong, concave ; smaller

sepals 1-5 mm. long, oblong, deeply concave. Petals 1-5 mm. long, spathulate, truncate

or 2-3-lobed at the apex, with 1-2 processes on the inner face, ciliate. Filaments 0-5 mm.

long, ciliate ; anthers 0-5 mm. long, oblong in outline. Ovary 0-5 mm. long, didymous,

pubescent ; style divided to the middle; stigmas 0-75 mm. long, linear, slightly recurved.

Fruit 6 mm. long, 6 mm. in diameter, globose, glabrous. Schimidelia decipiens, Arn. in

Harv. and Sond., Fl. Cap. I, 239.

Not seen from Natal; stated by Wood to have been collected there by Dregé.

Schmidelia rehmanniana, Szyszy., collected by Rehmann (No. 9038) near Durban, I

have not seen, but from the description given suspect it to be A. melanocarpus Radkl.

DistRiBuTION: Graaff-Reinet, Knysna, Kingwilliamstown, Albany, Uitenhage,

Stockenstroom, Somerset East, Swellendam.

DODONEA Linn. F.

D. viscosa Linn.

Branches glabrous, with reddish bark. Leaves sessile, 4-9-5 cm. long, 1-3 em. broad,

oblanceolate, rounded and obtuse or shortly acuminate and subobtuse at the apex,

narrowed at the base, glabrous, gland-dotted above and beneath, with the mid-rib pro-

minent beneath, entire. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, peduncle glabrous, glandular.

Pedicels 5-9 mm. long, glandular. Sepals unequal, 2-5-3 mm. long, 0-75-1-5 mm. broad,

lanceolate or elliptic, obtuse, glandular without, usually three-veined. Petals absent.

Filaments 0-5 mm. long; anthers 1-5 mm. long, 0-75 mm. broad, oblong. Ovary 1-5 mm.

long, 1-5 mm. in diameter, globose, densely glandular, two-locular with two ovules in

each loculus; style 2 mm., long, thick, terete, glabrous, bifid at the apex. Frwt 1 cm.

long, 1-5 cm. broad, transversely oblong, two-winged, two-celled with two seeds in each

cell. Seeds black, 1-5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, discoid, glabrous. Sonder in Harv. and

Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 242.

Natal : Shores of Natal Bay, 50 ft., September, Wood, 7928, and in Natal Govt. Herb.,

2246; near Durban, September, Wood, 1928, 484; and in Colonial Herb., 6794.

I find that this species differs from the generic description by having a two-locular

ovary.—(H. P. P.)

HIPPOBROMUS E. & Z.

H. alata E. & Z.

A small tree, evergreen or nearly so, 10-30 ft. high (ex Sim). Branches minutely

and densely pubescent on the young parts, becoming almost glabrous on the older parts.

Leaves petioled, paripinnate, 3-6-jugate; petiole 0-7-2 cm. long, terete or somewhat

flattened above, densely tomentose ; rachis winged, tomentose ; leaflets 1-3-5 cm. long,

0-7-2 em. broad, obovate, obtuse, narrowed at the base, unequal sided, giving the leaflet

a faleate appearance, darker above than beneath, glabrous, usually pubescent on the

mid-rib above and beneath, coarsely serrate usually on the convex side, sometimes entire,

with the mid-rib prominent beneath. Inflorescence an axillary raceme shorter than the

leaves, sometimes grouped into a dense terminal panicle. Pedicels 2 mm. long, terete,

densely tomentose. Sepals unequal, 2-5-3 mm. long, 1-75-2-5 mm. broad, elliptic or

subrotund, densely tomentose without, ciliated. Petals 3. mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad,

obovate, glabrous. Dzsc annular. Halarents 2-5-5 mm. long, linear, glabrous, tapering

gradually from the base upwards; anthers 1-5 mm. long, elliptic, in outline. Ovary

rudimentary, tomentose. Fruit 0-7 mm. long, 1 cm. in diameter, three-celled with a

single seed in each cell, pilose. Seeds 5 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter, almost globose,

somewhat flattened or channelled on the inner face, glabrous. Sonder in Harv. and Sond.

Fl. Cap. I, 241. Sim, Forest and Forest Flora, 172, Pl. XXXIV.

Natal: Stellabush, Durban, September, Van der Bul in Natal Herb., 16243, 16244 ;

without precise locality or collector in Natal Govt. Herb., 93; Verulam, Wood, 606.

Distribution : Port Elizabeth, Kentani, Somerset Hast, Uitenhage, Albany, Stocken-

stroom.

PTAEROXYLON, E. & Z.

P. utile EK. & Z.

Branches glabrous, youngest with greyish bark, turning dark brown in older branches.

Leaves petioled, pinnately compound, 6—7-jugate, 3-12 cm. long; petiole 1-2-5 cm. long,

minutely pubescent, furrowed above ; leaflets 1-3 cm. long, 0-5-1-5 em. broad, oblong,

obtuse or retuse at the apex, sometimes shortly mucronate, unequal at the base, entire,

with the mid-rib prominent above and beneath and the lateral veins distinct, glabrous.

Inflorescence racemose, massed at the ends of the branches, about 3 em. long. Peduncle

pubescent. Flowers often in three-flowered cymes on the raceme. Pedicels 4 mm. long,

pubescent, articulated at the base. Bracts 2 mm. long, lanceolate-linear. Calyx 1-5 mm.

long, ovate, subobtuse, pubescent. Petals 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse,

glabrous. Filaments 3 mm. long, linear, gradually narrowing from the base upwards :

anthers 1-5 mm. long, elliptic in outline, flattened, cordate at the base. In female flowers:

Ovary 1-5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, almost circular in outline, somewhat flattened,

pubescent. Style 1 mm. long, terete, pubescent ; stigma bilobed. discoid. Fruit 1-3 em.

long, oblong in outline, somewhat compressed, dehiscing into two valves; valves deeply

keeled, glabrous.

No “specimen from Natal seen.

DistRiBUTION : Uitenhage, Somerset Hast, Komgha.

SAPINDUS, Linn.

S. oblongifolius Sond.

Shrub or small tree 6-10 ft. high (ex Wood). Branches minutely pubescent. Leaves

petioled, paripinnate, 4-11-jugate, 18- 26 cm. long; petiole 5-11 cm. long, terete, glabrous

or sparsely pilose ; leaflets subsessile, 3-5-12-5 cm. long, 1-5-4 cm. broad, lanceolate,

rarely elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, with the mid-rib prominent beneath, entire. Inflorescence

a panicle up to 43 em. long. Peduncle pubescent, the main axis of the panicle and branches

densely tomentose. Bedicels 3 mm. long, terete, densely tomentose. Calyx 6 mm. long,

4 mm. broad, elliptic in outline, deeply concave, densely tomentose without, long- ciliated.

Petals 6 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, spathulate, densely ciliated, with a flat claw appendage

1 mm. long and 2-25 mm. broad and densely ciliate arising from the inner face. Fila-

ments 2-5 mm. long, linear, long-ciliated ; anthers 1-5 mm. long, oblong. Disc deeply

saucer-shaped with a rim 1-5 mm. high, thin, more or less triangular in outline with

rounded angles. Ovary 3 mm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, sub-apocarpus, three-locular

with a single ovule in each loculus, densely pilose. In male flowers the filaments are

shghtly longer and the ovary rudimentary, otherwise similar to the perfect flowers.

W ood, Natal Plants Pl. 89. Sim, Forests and Forest Flora, 173, Pl. XXXV. Sond. in

Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 240.

Natal: Near Durban, 100 ft., Wood, 1917, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 2213; Berea,

Durban, 100-200 ft., May, Wood, 11869, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 13053; Port Natal,

Saunderson (?).

Wood states: “In the ‘ Flora Capensis,’ Vol. I, 240, this plant is described as

dicecious. We find, however, that it is certainly polygamous, and plants which in one

season bear a larger number of perfect flowers, in another season bear male ones only,

or with but very few perfect ones.” In the Stellabush at Durban I saw trees well over

20 ft. high.—(H. P. P.)

DIsTRIBUTION : Komgha.

BERSAMA, FRESEN.

Mid-rib on lower surface of leaf covered with long straight hairs.......... Staynerv.

Mid-rib quite glabrous.

Leaves usually 2-3-jugate; leaflets obovate, usually rounded at the

APCS OD LUSE eater Me s. ey Uys sn Pe Man Oe ginci.s sen Mad cp he ook Stale lucens.

Leaves usually 4-jugate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, acute.. abyssinica.

B. Stayneri Phillips.

Bark thick and rough. Branches glabrous, rough with longitudinal furrows. Leaves

pinnate, petioled, 7-16 cm. long, 4-5-jugate ; petiole 1-2 cm. long, very densely pilose ;

rachis densely pilose; leaflets 1-7-5 -2 cm. long, 0-8-1-5 em. broad, oblong-lanceolate

or elliptic, acute and mucronate atthe apex, rarely rounded, slightly cuneate at the base,

the mid-rib deeply sunk on the under surface, which is frequently somewhat rugose,

prominent beneath and with the lateral veins distinct beneath, glabrous above pilose or

pubescent beneath, especially on the mid-rib. Inflorescence a shortly peduncled many-

flowered raceme, 3-5-6 -5 cm. long: peduncle 1-1-5 em. long, very densely pilose. Bracts

3 mm. long, linear, tomentose. Pedicels 5 mm. long, terete, tomentose. Calyx 6 mm.

long, densely tomentose, divided almost to the base. Petals 1-3 cm. long, 3 mm. broad,

spathulate-linear, tomentose, reflexed in open flowers. Filaments 5 mm. long, semiterete,

monadelphous and villous at the base. Ovary densely villous; style 3 mm. long, terete ;

stigma subglobose. Fruit 2-7-3 em. long, dehiscing by four valves ; valves woody, covered

with woody protuberances. Seeds reddish in colour, 1-1 cm. long, 6 mm. in diameter,

ellipsoid with a waxy yellow arillus at the base.

Natal : Without locality, Stayner in Herb. Bolus; Stinkwocd Forest, Ingeli, Natal,

May, Chilvers in Herb. Forest Dept., 1518; Mkanzeni, Riversides, Natal, Henkel in Herb.

Forest Dept., 2421.

B. lucens Szysz.

A shrub 8-10 ft. high (ex Wood). Branches glabrous, with wrinkled greyish bark.

Leaves petioled, compound, imparipinnate, 2—4-jugate, 10-20 em. long ; petiole 1-5-5 -5 em.

long, glabrous, rarely pubescent ; leaflets 1-8-9 cm. long, 1 3-4-5 em. broad, obovate or

obovate-elliptic, rarely elliptic, very rarely subacute, slightly narrowed at the base,

glabrous, with the mid-rib distinct above, prominent beneath, and with thickened wavy

margins. Inflorescence a lax axillary or terminal raceme, 6-14 -5 cm. long, many-flowered ;

peduncle pubescent. Pedicels 0-4-1 em. long, terete, densely tomentose with fine adpressed

hairs. Bracts 0-5 mm. long, ovate, pubescent. Calyx gamosepalous; lobes 3-4 mm.

long, 2 mm. broad, ovate or ovate-elliptic, obtuse, finely but densely pubescent without

and with fine adpressed hairs within, ciliated; the two posterior lobes connate and _ bifid

at the apex. Petals dull yellow, 8-5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, above, oblong, obtuse,

narrowed into an evident claw, pubescent. Disc unilateral. Filaments all connate at

the base, 1 cm. long, terete, glabrous except at the; base the anterior filaments ciliated

at the base and forming a tomentose shield 3 mm. long and 2-5 mm. broad ; the posterior

filaments ciliated and pubescent at the base; anthers 2-5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad,

oblong. Ovary 1 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, subglobose, densely villous, four-locular with

a single ovule in each loculus ;- style 7 mm. long, cylindric, pubescent on the lower half ;

stigma globose, faintly lobed. Frwut 1-7 mm. long, 1-7 cm. in diameter, finely but densely

pubescent, four-celled, each cell with a single seed, splitting into four valves when ripe.

Seeds bright scarlet, 7 mm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, subglobose, wrinkled, flat on one

side, convex on the other, with a fleshy yellow-green arillus. Wood, Natal, Pl. 88. Sim,

Forests and Forest Flora, 175. Journ. Bot. XLV, p. 13. Natalia lucens, Hochst., Harv. and

Sond. Fl. Cap. I, 369.

Natal : Umbilo, 20-100 ft., May, Wood, 12612, and in Natal Herb., 14571; near

Verulam, 100-200 ft., January, Wood, 10207, and in Natal Govt. Herb., 11411; Durban Flats,

near Umgeni, September, Wood in Natal Herb., 2868; near Stamford Hill, Wood ; Groen-

berg, February, Wood, 808 ; near Durban, 200-300 ft., March, Wood, 6307 ; without locality,

Saunders ; Palmiet, near Durban, 200 ft., February, Wood, 7392; Port Natal, Gueinzus,

DisrripuTIon: Swaziland, Transvaal, Kentani, Pondoland, Komgha.

B. abyssinica Fresen.

A tree. Leaves petioled, 18-22 cm. long, pinnate; petiole 4-5 cm. long, terete,

glabrous; rachis sometimes winged between the uppermost pair of leaflets; leaflets

usually in four pairs, 2-5-4 em. apart, 4-9 em. long, 1 -7-3-5 cm. broad, oblong-lanceolate

or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, entire or the margins sometimes serrated in the

upper half, glabrous. Inflorescence racemose, 10-20 cm. long on a woody peduncle

5-T em. long. Calyx campanulate, silky. Petals five, ligulate-spathulate, twice as long

as the calyx, densely and finely silky, finally, reflexed. Stamens five ; in the male flower

nearly as long as the petals; filaments monadelphous, silky. Capsule about | cm. long,

1 cm. in diameter, subglobose, 3-4-valved, densely pubescent, without woody protuber-

ances. Seeds 6 mm. long, black.

This description was drawn up partly from a fruiting specimen collected by Schimper

in Abyssinia and partly from the description in the “ Flora of Tropical Africa.”

COUN EIN ATS:

Is (SOUS VAIRICARY -ASKCOMTVaOI 0H HOS 0G. cunecsosdoanosoecbooldocdonedcStcaspoocabadaaco 69

JUL VANE AS, “NEON, IPINIRCH Aan agegpasaescedoodbesn Gea Haetict Gut OSU OBCE SOE CoBCRnGOTED Cp eeE 83

JODIE: GUS Gomis) OXCia aN Aine Sasepocosedcodedusaddandautucananconcereseaannca ncacennraeerc $7

IPN. ata} -(Crotisflaish OMI DN ossoaccacensosodsooaseccsaasedercssooeenes See Rear meer eaGReen 97

NV Geeeeemed | UE TOF ian (CxSHH NY USS © 84 Cs OPO ya WHY NUTR os May orev secs aerayaray sve vcnsioveia snisieiesevafis ciarcie es aisleleis evsioieisroveior 105

SOUTH AUFIRICGAIN ASCONDCIEINDS

IN THE

NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

By Erren M. Dorper.

PART Dr.

51. Aphysa Rhynchosiae (Kalch & Cke.) Theiss et Syd.

Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 134.

Syn. Stigmatea Rhynchosiae Kalch. & Cke.; Syll. Fung. I, p. 543 (on Rhynchosia

gibba, Inanda, Natal., leg. Wood).

Parodiella Schimperi P. Henn. Bull. Herb. Boiss., I, 1893, p. 118; Syll.

Fung. XI, p. 260 (on Rhynchosia elegans and Vigna sp. Eritrea).

On Rhynchosia gibba, Umkomaas, Natal, 25.4.19, Bottomley [11884].

On Rhynchosia spp., Durban, 25.5.97, Medley Wood [356]: Durban, 15.6.15,

Lansdell [9015]; Kentani, 29.9.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 2357) [9116]; Inanda, Medley

Wood [9478]; Kowie, 15.7.19, Doidge [12362]; Howiesons Poort, 12.7.19, Doidge

[12381].

On Dolichos gibhosus, Van Stadens Pass, 13.11.17, Doidge [10864].

Epiphyllous, forming spots 1-2 mm. diameter, which are made up of numerous minute

black points. Each point represents a hemispherical, subcuticular perithecium, 170 u in

diameter and about 60 uw high. Free mycelium wanting. Basal line brown, thin, 0°5 uv.

thick, lying flat on the outer wall of the epidermis ; the outer membrane convex, remaining

covered by the cuticle, 6-7 py thick, parenchymatous, without any decided radial orientation

except at the periphery. Asci basal, somewhat converging towards the ostiole, sessile,

aparaphysate, somewhat thickened round the apex. 42-48 « 12-15 uw, eight-spored.

Spores distichous, ellipsoid, two-celled, not constricted, rounded at both ends, light, grey-

brown, 7-10 x 4 uw.

52. Catacauma Schotiae n. sp.

On leaves of Schotia speciosa : Humewood, Port Elizabeth, 23.3.12, Doidge [2294].

Stromata epiphyllous, scattered, minute, black, convex, 0°3-0°4 mm. diameter, round

or oval, unilocular. Loculus developing between the epidermis and the palisade tissue,

and with its base resting on the latter which hecomes concave, ellipsoid, 300-350 u diameter,

100-120 w high in the centre ; epidermal clypeus black, opaque, 30-40 p thick, and covered

by thick cuticle which is 15-15 pu thick: the clypeus does not always extend over the whole

Jeneth of the loculus, being 200-250 u long, lateral and basal walls of loculus consisting

of delicate hyphae which are laterally compressed. Asci paraphysate, oblong or ellipsoid,

tapering somewhat to the rounded apex, eight-spored, sessile, 80-87 17-20 u. Spores

distichous, hyaline, continuous, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends. 20-24 x 6-7 yp.

Cutacauma Schotiae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, sparsa, minuta, atra, convexa, subepidermales, 0°3-0:4 mm.

diametro unilocularia. Loculli ellipsoidei, 300-350 uw diametro, 100-120 y alti; clypeo

atro, opaco, 30-40 y crasso. Asci paraphysati, cylindracei y. ellipsoidei, octospori, sessiles,

80-87 x 17-20 ». Sporae distichae, hvalinae, continuae, ellipticae, utrinque rotundatae,

20-24 x 6-7

Hab. in foliis Schotiae speciosae, Port Elizabeth, 23.3.12, leg. Doidge [2294 |

53. Dictyochorella Andropogonis n. sp.

On leaves of Andropogon nardius, Tug-la Valley, near Goodoo, Natal, 16.5.20, Doidge

[14104].

Stromata thickly strewn on the leaf surface, small, oval to elliptic, 3-1 mm. long,

visible on both surfaces, slightly convex, loculi mostly opening towards the upper leaf

surface ; often a number of stromata arising close together become confluent and form

streaks up to 5 mm. long in which the separate stromata can still be distinguished. Stromata

wath one or few locuh. Loculi occupying the whole of thickness of leaf, 190-240 » diameter

eonsidlonily beyond loculus on each side : basal clypeus 20-25 » thick ; when the loculus

does not reach basal clypeus, then the intervening space is filled with brownlh yphae ; lateral

walls (and basal where there is no clypeus) up to 20 u thick and composed of brown compact

angular cells. Stylospores brown, oval, elliptic or pyriform ; with a central (’) vacuole,

8-10 x 3-4 p. Asci paraphysate, cylindrical, rounded at apex, eight-spored, 80-90 x

12-13 p. Spores distichous or obliquely monostichous, with three or occasionally four

transverse septa, constricted at septa, tapermg towards rounded at ends, two central cells

broader than terminal ones and one or both with a somewhat oblique longitudinal septum,

15-17 x 6-7 p, fuscous-olivaceous, sometimes only one central cell has a septum and it

is then broader than the other.

Dictyochorella Andropogoms Doidge. n. sp.

Stromata dense disposita, minuta, elliptica v. suborbicularia 3-1 mm. longa, in utraque

foliorum pagina visibilia. Locult uni v. pauci in quoque stromate, 190— 240 diametro,

160-190 y. alti, clypeo amphigeno atro, OGD, circ. 30 p. crasso. Asci paraphysati, cylin-

dracei, apice rotundati, octospori, 80-90 12-13 u. Sporae distichae y. oblique monstichae,

transverse 3-rare, 4-septatate, ad septa constrictae, loculis 1-2 plerumque mediis septo

singulo longitudinale divisi-, fuscae v. olivaceae, 15-17 x 6-7 uy.

Hab. in folis Andropogonis nardi, Tugela Valley, Natal, 16.5.20, leg. Doidge [14104].

54. Phaeodothis stenostoma (Il. et Tr.) Theiss et Syd.

Niving Whyte, XY (IOI), jo. Ber

Syn. Phyllachora stenostoma Ell. et Tracy, Journ. of Myc., 1890, p. 76; Syll.

Fung. IX, p. 1029.

On Panicum macimum, Blafi, Durban, 7.7.11, Doidge [1611].

Stromata oval, about 600 » long, 300-400 » broad, «xr subeirenlar 4-1 mm. diameter,

very irregular in outline, usually visible on both sides of the leaf, conten only on one side

and surrounded by a small, pale ring, later forming elliptic groups $-1 cm. long and 4 em.

broad. A dark epidermal clypeus is developed in both leaf surfaces. Loculi, aomencd:

spherical, often irregular in shape, mostly 170 uw diameter, 120-130 p high, locular wall

composed of delicate, light brown hyphae, fusing at the apex with the clypeus, 12-14 p

thick. Avei cylindrical, parietal, paraphysate, briefly pedicellate, 52-60 « 7-8 yp. Spores

obliquely monostichous oF subdistichous, oblong, club-shaped, fuscous, rounded at both

ends, straight, 12-14 x 4-43 p, somewhat gonsenicted at the septum,

55. Phaeodothis Tristachyae Syd.

Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 41.

On leaves of Tristachya leucothrir, Mooi River, Natal, 15.4.11, Burtt-Davy [1470].

Stromata amphigenous, scattered or in short series, oblong or linear, 4-1 mm. long,

flat, black, opaque; loculi numerous, minute, 100-150 y diameter. Asci cylindrical,

somewhat obtuse at the apex, 45-70 x 6-12 p, eight-spored. Paraphyses numerous,

filiform. Spores monostichous or distichous, fusiform, 1-septate, loculi equal, not or very

slightly constricted, olivaceous-brown, 12-135 « 3-4 v. each cell 1-2 guttulate.

56. Phyllachora Crotonis (Cke.) Sacc.

Shy, Loum, WL, jo. GD) E Nain, WAV, LOY TIIND), jos Bx

Syn. Dothidea Crotonis Cke., Grevillea X, p. 129.

ae ene crotonicola Rehiw., Hedwigia XXIX, 1890, p. 110; Syll. Fung. IX,

601.

Biniliealiean Julocrotonis Bres., Hedwigia, XX XV, 1896, p. 300; Syll. Fung.

XIV, p. 668.

On leaves of Croton sylvaticum, Inanda, Natal, January, 1881, Medley Wood (Wood

No. 406) [9489].

Stromata visible on both sides of the leaf, 4-} mm. diameter, round, convex on both

surfaces, on the upper surface smooth, shiny, often becoming more or less coalescent, and

then up to 1 mm. in diameter and more or less irregular in outline. Single stromata uni-

locular, scattered irregularly over leaf surface. Loculi with an upper and lower epidermal

clypeus which is no broader than the loculus. The lateral walls are not so well developed

and are light brown. Loculi 200-300 » diameter, spherical. Asci cylindrical to somewhat

club-shaped, paraphysate, briefly pedicellate, 60-70 x 10-14 yw. Spores distichous, one-

celled colourless, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, 14-16 x 7-9 up.

57. Phyllachora Cynodontis (Sacc.) Niessl.

Not. Pyzren., p. 54; Syll. Fung. II, p. 602; Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 447.

Syn. Physalospora Cynodontis Del., Bull. Soc. Mye. Fr., 1890, p. 183 ; Syll. Fung. LX,

p. 599.

Phyllachora graminis var. Cynodontis, Sacc. Rabh. F. Eur., 2441.

On Cynodon dactylon, Pretoria, 12.7.03, Burtt-Davy [145 and 179]; Groenkloof,

Pretoria, 3.5.10, Burtt-Davy [917]; Cedara, Natal, 18.1.11, Fisher [1172]; Vereeniging,

8.6.10, eres Davy [935]; Bloemfontein, 6.4.17, Potts [11311].

On Cynodon incompletus, Pretoria. 19.5.06, Pole Evans [17]; 19.6.11 [1587].

Stromata round-angular, scattered, 0°3-0°5 mm. diameter, sometimes coalescing,

slightly convex, black. Clypeus epidermal, opaque, only on upper side of the stroma, and

usually epiphyllous ; on both sides of the leaf, but then the basal clypeus is shorter and

not so well developed. Loculi small, spherical, 160-180 » diameter, usually not penetrating

right through the leaf, with a thin delicate wall, scattered or in small groups. Asci para-

physate, cylindrical, club-shaped, pedicellate, 50-60 x 12-15 wu. Spores hyaline, mono-

stichous or distichous, oval-ellipsoid, 10-12 « 53-6 wp.

58. Phyllachora Evansii Syd.

Ann. Myc. X (1912), p. 40; XIII (1915), p. 459.

On Setaria suleata, Barberton, March, 1911, Pole Evans [1280]; Durban, 21.3.19,

Bottomley [12231]; Isipingo, Natal, 27.3.18, Bottomley [11659].

On Setaria nigrirostris, Vereeniging, Transvaal, 26.2 17, Burtt- Davy [10021].

On Setaria awea, Parberton, 20.1.12, Doidge [2012] ; Garstfontein, Pretoria District,

26.3.11, Pienaar [1265].

Stromata visible on both sides of the leaf, scattered or in rows, on yellowish leaf spots,

ellipsoid, $-1 * $-} mm., dull black; clypeus in both upper and lower epidermis, 20 pu

thick, opaque. Loculi few, ellipsoid, 100-150 » high, 260-230 uw diameter, with thinner,

delicate, brown lateral walls. Asci cylindrical, club-shaped, 70-120 x 8-12 »; paraphysis

numerous. Spores mono- or distichous, ellipsoid to oblong, rounded at both ends, straight,

colourless, 14-18 x 6-8 uw. Conidia filiform or sickle-shaped, 15°25 x 1 u.

59. Phyllachora lucens (Cke.) Sacc.

Syll. Fung. II, p. 600; Ann. Myce. XV (1917), p. 562.

Syn. Dothidea lucens Cke., Grevillea X, p. 128.

On leaves, Inanda, Natal, 1881, Medley Wood (Wood No. 581) [9487 and 10443}.

Stromata unilocular, punctiform, only visible on the upper leaf surface, convex, black,

shining, thickly crowded on yellow leaf spots, 6-10 mm. in diameter. Loculi fattened

spherical, 220-260 u diameter, 130-160 uw high; the base does not reach as far as the lower

epidermis : the locular wall is 8-10 p. thick, consisting of brown cells, but weakly developed,

and here and there not very distinct: at the apex it unites with the short black epidermal

clypeus. Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, eight-spored, briefly pedicellate, 60-70 x 8-12 yp.

Spores distichous or obliquely monostichous, oblong, colourless, one-celled, straight, with

blunt ends, 13-15 « 44-5) uy.

60. Phyllachora Penniseti Syd.

Ann. Mye. XIII (1915), p. 39 (on leaves Pennisetum RBenthami, Congo).

On leaves of Pennisetum sphacelatum, Tugela Valley, near Goodoo, Natal, 16.5.20,

Doidge {14102}.

Stromata conspicuous on both leaf surfaces, scattered or crowded and arranged in rows,

round or oblong, $—-1 mm. long, or forming larger stromata by confluence, black, opaque,

plurlocular. Loculi irregular, large, 280-400 p. long, 200-300 » high. Clypeus in both upper

and lower epidermis, 15-25 p. thick, lateral wall of loculus 8-10 u broad, brown: stylospores

straight or flexuous, continuous, filiform, hyaline, 18-35 x 1 u. Asci clavate, rounded

at the apex, 70-95 ~ 20-26 u, eight-spored, paraphysate ; spores distichous or obliquely

monostichous, breadly rounded at both ends, continuous, hyaline, 17-24 x 11-18 uw.

61. Phyllachora heterospora P. Henn.

Syll. Fung. XXII, p. 425; Ann. Myc. XV (1917), p. 453.

On leaves of Panicum maximum, Bluff, Durban, 7.7.11, Doidge [1611]; Kentani,

1.5.14, Pegler [7773]; Kentani, May, 1915, Pegler (Pegler No. 1953) [9095].

On Panicum sp., Barberton, 22.8.12, V. d. Bijl [5137].

Both leaf surfaces are comparatively thickly beset with stromata, which are round

or elliptic, 3-1 mm. diameter, convex, somewhat shiny, not usually coalescing, and not

situated on discoloured leaf areas, the whole leaf becomes yellow. Clypeus epidermal,

20 uv, thick, on one or both leaf surfaces. Loculi about 4-10 in each stroma; when the

stroma is only on one side of the leaf, occupying about two-thirds of its thickness, closely

crowded, 180-230 u diameter, 160 u high. When two stromata occur at the same point

on opposite sides of the leaf the loculi only reach the centre. Wall brown, about 10 y thick.

Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, 60-80 x 10-16 u, eight-spored; spores mostly distichous,

ellipsoid, tapering somewhat to both ends but rounded, one-celled, hyaline, 13-17 « 7-8 wu.

62. Phyllachora Tecleae n. sp.

On leaves of Teclea natalensis, 5.6.15, Kentani, Pegler (Pegler No. 2324) [9079].

Stromata in small groups on yellow leaf spots, developing on both sides of the leaf,

with a preference for the upper surface, visible on both leaf surfaces, oval, ellipsoid or

almost round, 0°5 to 2°5 mm. long, black, somewhat shiny, raised on both surfaces, but not

convex, groups of stromata are often oval or elliptic in outline between the lateral veins.

The normal thickness of the leaf is about 240 u., the thickness of the stroma 1s 300-400 v..

Loculi occupying the whole thickness of the leaf, flattened spherical, 300-400 wu diameter

epidermal clypeus on both leaf surfaces very thick, black, opaque, on the upper sur face

40-50 vu thick; basal clypeus thinner, 23-25 ; lateral wall consisting of thin, delicate,

laterally compressed hyphae ; leaf tissue between the loculi permeated in every direction

by brown hyphal threads. Asci richly paraphysate, cylindrical, eight-spored, with a short

foot, 80-90 x 10-183 u. Spores obliquely monostichous, one-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid or

subfusoid, tapermg to each end, but rounded not pointed at ends, 13-17 x 5-6 yp.

Phyllachora Tecleae Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata amphigena plerumqne epiphylla, maculis flavidulis insidentia, elliptica vy.

suborbicularia, O°5-2°5 mm. diametro atra, parum nitidula. Loculi suborbiculares,

300-400 y diametro, clypeo epidermale amphigeno, atro, opaco, 40-50 yu crasso. Asci

coplose paraphysati, cylindracei, octospori, 80-90 « 10-13 yp. Sporae oblique monostichae,

continuae, hyalinae, ellipsoidae vy. sub-fusoidae, utrinque attenuatae sed rotundatae,

Ie < =)n9) (Us

Hab. in folis Tecleae natalensis, Kentani, 5.6.15, leg. Pegler [9079].

63. Phyllachora Tricholaenae I. Henn.

Enel. Bot. Jahrb. XXIII, p. 541; Syll. Fung. XIV, p. 672; Ann. Myc. XV (1917),

p. 461.

On leaves of T'richolaena rosea, Winklespruit, Natal, 14.2.13, Pole Evans [5641].

Stromata oval, black, shining, slightly convex, scattered or crowded, }-1 mm. long,

clypeus formed in epidermis of both leaf sur faces, but is more extensive on the side of the

apex of the loculus than on the basal side. Loculi delimited at base and apex by the

opaque clypeus, lateral walls thinner and more delicate. Loculi spherical, about 240 u

diameter ; asci club-shaped, pedicellate, 55-60 x 15-18 p, paraphysate. Spores distichous,

elliptic, abruptly rounded at ends, 12-13 x 7-8 up.

64. Telimena Arundinariae n. sp.

On leaves of Arundinaria tesselata, Goodoo Bush, Natal, 20.5.20, Doidge [14103.]

Stromata on yellow leaf spots. scattered or more rarely in groups, minute, oval to

ellipsoid, 0°5-0°7 mm. long, dull black, convex on upper leaf surface, penetrating through

leaf and becoming visible as minute, dull-black specks on the lower surface. Loculi usually

one, sometimes two in each stroma, 120-180 yp. diameter, 100-120 » high, occupying from

three-quarters to whole of thickness of leaf. with a dark epidermal clypeus on the upper

side, 15-20 u. thick ; when the loculus occupies whole thickness of leaf there is also a clypeus

developed in the lower epidermis ; remainder of locular wall composed of delicate, laterally

compressed hyphae. Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, rounded at apex, eight-spored, briefly

stipitate, 100-120 x 15-18°5 uy.

Spores obliquely monostichous or distichous, cylindrical, fusiform, tapering somewhat

to both ends, four-celled, cells subequal in length, or middle cells somewhat larger than the

terminal ones, hyaline or subhvaline, 27 33 « 8-95 yu.

Telimena Arundinarice Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, maculis flavidulis insidentia, sparsa v. gregaria, minuta, elliptica,

atra, 9°5 (°7 mm. longa, loculos 1-2 includentia, in hypophylla etiam conspicua. Loculi

120-18C p diametro, 100-120 uw alti, clypeo epiphyllo vy. amphigeno, atro, 15-20 wu crasso.

Asci cylindracei, paraphysati, apice rotundati, octospori, breviter pedicellati, 100-120 >

15-185 wu. Sporae oblique monostichae vy. distichae, cylindraceae v. fusiformae, parum

utrinque attenuatae, 3-septatae, hyalimae v. sub-hyalinae, 27-33 « 8-8°5 wp.

Hab. in foliis Arwndinariae tesselatae, Natal, 20.5.20, leg. Doidge [14103].

65. Telimena corticicola n. sp.

On woody stems of Helichrysum sp., Alice, C.P., 18.11.17, Doidge [10975].

Stromata scattered irregularly on the greyish bark, minute, dull black, oval to narrow

ellipsoid, 0°5 to 0°8 mm. long, somewhat convex, unilocular, or with few loculi sunken in the

cortex, not erumpent. Loculi oval to flattened spherical, opening by an apical pore,

300-340 u diameter, 200-240 pv high, fusing at the apex with the black, opaque, clypeus

which is 18-20 p thick and extends beyond the apex of the loculus a distance of 300-400 u.

The space between the clypeus and the upper part of the loculus is filled with a black opaque

hyphal weft similar to that forming the clypeus, and from this a few dark hyphae run out

into the substratum. The lower part of the locular wall consists of delicate, almost colour-

less hyphae, which are strongly compressed laterally. Asci paraphysate, cylindrical,

rounded at the apex, very briefly pedicellate, 80-110 « 20-23 u, rather thick walled. Spores

distichous, colourless. cylindrical, rounded at both ends, four-celled, primary cross-wall

in the centre, each of two primary cells being later divided in the centre by a secondary

wall. Thick walled, wall about 2 » thick, outer edge smooth, inner curving inward to meet

transverse walls and giving the spore the appearance of being constricted, 24-27 « 10-13 p,

Telimena corticicola Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata sparsa, corticicola, atra, elliptica, 0°5-0°8 mm. longa, leniter convexa,

loculos paucos includentia. Loculi ovati v. suborbiculares, 300-400 p. diametro, 200-240 u

alti, clypeo opaco, 18-20 p crasso. Asci paraphysati, cylindracei, apice rotundatae,

brevissime pedicellati, 80-110 x 20-23 wu. Sporae distichae, hyalinae, cylindraceae,

utrinque rotundatae, 3-septatae, “94-27 <x 10-13 pu

Hab. in corticis Helichrysi sp., Alice, C.P., 18.11.17, leg. Doidge [10975].

66 Systremma Pterocarpi n. sp.

On leaves and twigs of Pterocarpus ceriseus, Khami Ruins, Rhodesia, 14.7.20,

Bottomley [14101].

Leaf stromata epiphyllous, rarely hypophyllous, scattered, situated on yellowish leaf

spots, dull black, round or ellipsoid, 1-1°5 mm. diameter, 450-600 uw high, usually with

a concentric zone of secondary stromata with a radius of about 1 mm. from centre of primary

stroma. Stromata on twigs and midribs of leaves similar, but usually oval to ellipsoid,

somewhat larger and without secondary stromata.

The stromata arise between the epidermis and the palisade cells, the cuticle becomes

arched, and a dark-brown epidermal clypeus is formed. The base is also composed of

small dark cells, and rests on the palisade cells, but the central part of the stroma is formed

of paler, more delicate tissue in which are produced one large and a number of smaller conidial

loculi more or less spherical but irregular in size. The conidia are round, ovai, pyriform,

somewhat angular, brown, and 5-7 » diameter. The conidial stroma attains a height of

150-250 p, and does not rupture the cuticle. The ascostroma arises from beneath the

conidial stroma, and is similar to it in structure, the latter is pushed up and the cuticle

ruptured, its dark base forming the covering layer of the ascostroma. Loculi few, spherical

to ellipsoid, or pyriform, 120-200 y diameter. Asci numerous aparaphysate, eight-spored,

thin-walled, evanescent, oblong-cylindrical, about 70 x 10%. Spores mono-half distichous,

two-celled, brown, cylindrical, with blunt ends, slightly constricted, 10-13°3 x 5-6°3 up,

upper loculus 6-8°6 uv, lower 3° 35 v. long.

Systremma Plerocarpi Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epipbylla, rarius hypophylla, maculis flavidulis insidentia, atra, orbicularia

y. elliptica, 1-15 mm. diametro, 450-600 y alta, subepidermalia, Loculi pauci, orbiculares,

elliptici v. pyriformi, 120-200 » diametro. Asci numerosi, aparaphysati, octospori, oblonei

y. cylindracei, 70 x 10 uw. Sporae monostichae y. subdistichae, 1l-septatae, brunneae,

cylindracei, utrinque subtruncatae, leniter constrictae, 10-13°3 x 5-6°3 1; loculo supero

majore 6-8°6 y longo, infero 3°3—-5 » longo.

Hab. in foliis caulsque Pterocarpi cerisei, Khami Ruins, Rhodesia, 14.7.20, leg.

Bottomley [14101}.

67. Teratosphaeria fibrillosa Syd.

Aron MiyesXes((L92) 5 pa 3915) XV (197); pa 63:

On leaves of Protea grandiflora. Bains Kloof, near Wellington, 26.2.11, Doidge [1217| ;

21.2.12, Doidge [2059]; 5.4.12, Stoneman [2232].

Loculi ellipsoid or pyriform, perithecium-like, 150-220 » diameter, sunken under the

epidermis, arranged in centrifugal, irregularly branched, radiating lines, to a diameter

of 1 cm. Locular wall consisting of concentric laters of delicate stromatic hyphae.

Apex of loculus penetrating the epidermis but not protruding. No true ostiole. Vegetative

stroma meagre, penetrating into the intercellular spaces of the mesophy!l below the epidermis

in the form of perpendicular hyphal strands. At the apex the hyphae also penetrate the

adjacent epidermal cells, but without forming a clypeus. Asci basal, quite sessile, club-

shaped, thickened round apex, 70-110 « 25-35 uw, aparaphysate, cight-spered. Spores

distichous or tristichous cylindrical, straight, medially shehtly constricted at the septum,

light-brown, rounded at both ends, 42-52 « 8-9 uw.

fig.

68. Meliola capensis (K. & Cke.) Th.

Ann. Mvc. X (1912), p. 19; Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr., V, p. 731.

Syn. Asterina capensis K. & Cke., Grevillea 9, p. 32.

This fungus occurs commonly on Hippobromus alatus. Its mycelial setae were described

as being straight, simple, opaque, 200-400 x 5-10 uy, pellucid near the acute apex.

Examination of a large number of collections shows that in the majority at least 50 per cent.

of the setae are forked at the apex. The apex of the setae should therefore be described

as simple, acuminate, or with two to three acute teeth. {| Mig. 2.)

69. Meliola Carissae n. sp.

Amphigenous, forming irregular spots 5-6 mm. diameter or larger areas by confluence.

Mycelium forming an irregular network, branches opposite, anastomosing. Hyphae

slightly undulate, 6-7 u thick, not ap Eeg eRe constricted at septa, cells 20-30 y long:

capitate hyphopodia alternate, 20-30 « 10-13 u, terminal cell variable in form, sometimes

club-shaped or sublobed, but most aeoquemly truncate. Mucronate hyphopodia not very

numerous, unilateral or alternate, with a short thick neck, 18-20 « 6-7 wu. Mycelial setae

fairly numerous, simple, straight, 550-706 u long, 9-10 yu thick at base, and tapering very

eradually to the blunt apex, black and opaque at base, but becoming brown and slightly

translucent near apex. Perithecia not very numerous, 180-200 up ‘Giemeten, spherical,

black, surface cells slightly convex. Asei two-spored, evanescent, spores four- septate,

oblong, slightly cometinitcied|, rounded at both ends, brown, 43-47 « 16°5-20 uw. [Fig. 1.|

On leaves of Carissa ardiina, Pirie Forest, Kingwilliiamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [122961 ;

Van Stadens, C.P., 13.11.17, Doidge [10870]; Bathurst, C.P., 14.7.19, Doidge [12341] ;

Kowie, C.P., 15.7.19, Doidge [12361].

Meliola Carissae Doidge, nov. sp.

Amphigena, maculas irregulares, 5-6 mm. diametro formans; hyphis subundulatis,

6-7 p. crassis, nonnunquam ad septa constrictis, cellulis, 20-30 uw long, ramis oppositis,

amastomosantibust hyphopodis capitatis alternis, 20-30 < 10-13 yp, cellula superiore

Lig.é.

variabile, aut clavata v. sublobata aut truncata; hyphopodiis mucronatis paucis, uni-

lateralibus v. alternis, 18-20 « 6-7 »; setis mycelicis satis numerosis, rectis, simplicibus,

550-700 p. longi, basi opaco, 9-10 p crassis, apice obtuse sensim attenuatis ; perithecus

180-200 u diametro, ascis bisporis ; sporis 4-septatis, oblongis, lemiter constrictis, utrinque

rotundatis, brunneis, 43-47 « 16°5-20 u.

Hab. in foliis Carissae arduwinae, Pirie Forest, 8.7.19, leg. Doidge [12296].

(. Meliola dracoenicola Pat. et Har.

Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. XXIV (1908), p. 14, Sacc.; Syll. Fung. XXII, p. 56.

On leaves of Behnia reticulata, Louis Trichardt, 8.5.19, Putterill [11848].

This fungus was originally described from the Congo on Dracoena sp. ; it

previously recorded from South Africa.

Amphigenous, black, forming spots 2-5 mm. diameter, easily detachable from the

leaf surface. Hyphae brown, straight, 7-9 p thick ; cells 17— 20 ulong.; branches opposite,

numerous, anastomosing ; capitate hyphopodia alternate or unilateral, s stipitate, 17-20 x

10-13 u, stipe cell short, cylindrical, 5-7 u long, head cell globular ; mucronate hyphopodia

numerous, alternate or opposite, interspersed with the capitate hyphopodia, pyriform or

has not been

ampulliform with a straight or curved neck, 15-20 x 6-7 ». Mycelial setae very numerous,

erect, abruptly geniculate at the base or taking a broad curve upwards, opaque, 250-350 vp.

long, 10-11°5 yw thick, dividing near the apex into two or three short spreading branches,

10-17 u long, each of these being divided at the apex into two or three small tapering

branches, 6-10 » long, occasionally the latter are themselves bidentate. Perithecia not

numerous, black, carbonaceous. globose, 250-300 y diameter. Spores straight, brown,

cylindrical, four-septate, constricted obtuse, 43-46 x 16 yu. [Fig. 3.]

71. Meliola oleicola un. sp.

Sub. M. amphitricha, Proc. Roy. Soc., South Africa, V, p. 733.

Amphigenous, forming round, dull-black spots, 2-4 mm. diameter, or greater areas

by confluence. Mycelium olivaceous, very freely branched and interwoven; branches

aes § rainy

A JER \S

Pig 5.

opposite, anastomosing ; capitate hyphopodia alternate, stipitate, 26-30 » long, termina!

cell ovate or club-shaped, straight or somewhat curved, 18-20 « 10 u, stipe cell short, closely

appressed to or forming an acute angle with the branch. Mucronate hyphopodia on

separate branches, opposite, alternate or unilateral, slender ampulliform, base not much

wider than curved neck, 20-23 « 6-7 uw. Mycelial setae rather numerous, scattered,

simple, straight or shghtly flexuous, 240-300 » long, 9-10 u thick at base, opaque up to

acute apex. Perithecia not very numerous, globose, 220-250 uv. diameter, verrucose : surface

cells convex. Asci two to four spored, early evanescent. Spores oblong, four-septate,

very slightly constricted, broadly rounded at both ends, chestnut-brown when mature,

45-50 x 20-23 u. [Fig. 4.]

On leaves of Olea laurifolia, Buccleuch, Natal, 17.7.18, Doidge [11557]; Lemana,

Zoutpansberg District, 7.8.11, Doidge [1835]; Tabankulu, Pondoland, 4.4.15 [9103] ;

Woodville Forest, George, 11.11.17, Doidge [10937].

fo) «

On Olea Pegler’, Kentani, 29.8.14, Pegler (Pegler 1948) [8382-8785].

On Oleaceae (?), Woodbush, Zoutpansberg District, 4.8.11, Doidge [1767].

Meliola oleicola Doidge, nov. sp.

Amphigena; maculas atras orbiculares 2-4 mm. diametro formans. Mycelium rameosum,

intertexttum, ramis oppositis anastomosantibus, hyphopodus capitatis alternis, stipitatis,

26-3C » long, cellula superiore ovata v. clavata, recta v. leniter curvata, 18-20 « 10 u.;

cellula infevtore breve, hyphopodiis muecronatis oppositis, alternis v. unilateralibus,

ampullaceis, 20-23 « 6-7 u:; setis mycelicis satis numerosis, sparsis, opacis, rectis v.

leniter flexuosis, simplicibus, 240-200 y. long, basi 9-10 » erassis, apice acutis. —_ Perithecia

elobosa, 222-250 uw diametro, verrucosa. Asci 2-4 sporil, mox evanescentes. Sporae

oblongae 4-septatae, leniter constrictae, utrinque rotundatae, 45-50 x 20-23 uw.

Hab. in folis Oleae lawrifoliae, Buccleuch, Natal, 17.7.18, leg. Doidge [11557].

Dee

Lig yi

72. Meliola Panici [arle.

Muhlenbergia, 1901, p. 12, Sacc.; Syll. Fung. XVII, p. 550.

On leaves of Stipa dregeana var. elongata, Langholm Estates, Bathurst District, 14.7.19,

Doidge [12358].

The type specimen was collected in Porto Rico, and this species has not previously

been recorded from South Africa. The original description is as follows :—

Forming minute spots 1-3 mm. diameter, which often become confluent. Hyphae

6-8 p thick, sparingly branched. Capitate hyphopodia usually alternate and forming

a broad angle with the hyphae, 16-20 x 6-8 y, terminal cell broader than long, irregular,

usually three to four lobed. Mucronate hyphopodia numerous, opposite, inserted at right

angles, broadly ampulliform, paler, 12 py. long. Mycelial setae numerous, straight, simple,

obtuse, obscurely septate, opaque, 400-600 x 8-10 py, tapering gradually towards the apex.

Perithecia scattered, black, three to four spored, evanescent. Spores cylindrical, com-

pressed, four-septate, slightly constricted, rounded at both ends, 40 x 12 x 8 uw.

ma)

The South African specimen differs slightly from the above description in that the

mycelium is rather dense and copiously branched and anastomosing; the cells of the

hyphae are rather short, 13-16 pw long. [Fig. 5.|

73. Irene Zeyheri n. sp.

Amphigenous, forming thin black spots 2-4 mm. diameter, or larger areas by confluence ;

mycelium not dense, forming an irregular network; branches opposite or irregular,

anastomosing. Hyphae straight or somewhat sinuous, 6—6°5 yp thick; cells 20-30 u long ;

capitate hyphopodia alternate, 18-23 » long, terminal cell very variable in form, lobed in

various ways, 6-14 y. broad at apex; mucronate hyphopodia opposite or unilateral, inter-

spersed with the capitate hyphopodia; ampulliform 16-20 x 6-7 yp. Mycelial ‘setae

none. Perithecia scattered, spherical, black, carbonaceous, 190-220 » diameter, surface

cells convex. Asci two-spored, evanescent, spores oblong, brown, four-septate, slightly

constricted, rounded at both ends, 39-44 x 16-18 u.

Fig. 5

On leaves of Eugenia Zeyheri, Howiesons Poort, 12.7.17, Doidge [12388]; Pirie

Forest, 8.7.19, Doidge [12272]; Van Stadens Pass, 13.11.17, Doidge [10878].

Irene Zeyher Doidge, n. sp.

Amphigena, maculas, tenues, atras formans. Mycelium effusum, hyphis rectis v.

leniter sinuosis, 6—6°5 u. crassis, ramis oppositis v. irregularibus, anastomosantibus ; hypho-

podiis capitatis alternis, 18-23 » longis, cellula superiore varia, lobata, apice 6-14 y lata ;

hyphopodiis mucronatis oppositis v. unilateralibus, ampullaceis 16-20 « 6-7 wu; setis

mycelicis nullis. Perithevia sparsa, globosa, atra, 190-220 yp diametro. Asci bispor.

Sporae oblongae, brunneae, 4-septatae, lJeniter constrictae, utrinque rotundatae,

39-44 x 16-18 wu.

74. Calothyrium Psychotriae n. sp.

Hypophyllous, forming thin, rusty-brown patches 10-12 mm. diameter Mycelium

fuscous, branching and anastomosing irregularly , hyphae about 5 u thick, without hy phopodia.

Thyriothecia in groups, very pale, flattened Seales or irregular in shape on account

of lateral pressure of adjacent thyriothecia, 400-430 u diameter; composed of radiating

hyphae 4-5 » thick, margin entire, but more or less undulate. Asci fairly numerous,

paraphysate, eight-spored, spherical or somewhat pyriform, 50-53 pu diameter, or

60-64 x 30 p. Spores conglobate, hyaline thick-walled, two-celled, slightly constricted,

oblong, rounded at both ends, cells subequal, 26-29 « 11°5-13 p.

On leaves of Psychotria capensis (same leaves as Meliola amphitricha). 10.7.11, Aman-

zumtoti, Natal, Doidge [1575].

Calothyruwm Psychotriae Doidge, noy. sp.

Hypophyllis, mewn tenues, 10-12 mm. diametro formans. Mycelium fuscum,

ramosum, hyphis cire. 5 p. crassis, hy phopodis nullis. Thyriothecia gregaria rotundata vy.

Fig. 6.

mutua pressione anegulata v. compressa, 400-430 p diametro, radiatim ex hvphis 4-5

crassis contexta, ad ambitum haud fimbriata. Asci paraphysati, oetospori, globosi a

subpyriformi, 50-53 pw diametro vel 60-64 ~ 30 py. Sporae conglobatae, hyalinae,

1-septatae, lenjter constrictae, oblongae, utrinque rotundatae, ate Se WPS =1le) A.

Hab. in folus Psuchotriae capensis, Amanzimtoti, Natal, 10.7.11, leg. Doidge [1575].

75. Asterina rotonicola n. sp.

On leaves of Croton rivularis, Kast London, 19.7.19, Doidge [12427]; Langholm

Estates, Bathuyst, 14.7.19, Doidge [12355).

Kpiphyllous, forming thin black, carbonaceous spots, 2-3 mm. diameter. Mycelium

pale fuscous, not dense, branching and anastomosing irregularly. Hyphae undulating,

3-3'5 p thick. Cells 18-25 plong. Hyphopodia unilateral or alternate, minute. continuous,

pyriform, 6-7 p high x 3°5 p. Thyriothecia rather numerous, scattered, flattened hemi-

spherical, 120-140 » diameter, formed of radiating hyphae about 3 yu diameter, margin

not fimbriate, dehiscing by a stellate fissure, no basal membrance. Asci aparaphysate,

eight-spored, sulspherical or ovate, sessile, 36-40 x 23-33 py. Spores conglobate, two-

celled, brown, slightly constricted, cells subequal, epispore rough at maturity, 17-20 « 10 yu.

Pyenidia similar in form to thyriothecia, but somewhat smaller, about 100 y diameter ;

conidia ovate, brown, continuous, without a hyaline band, 17-20 « 12-13 wp.

Lug. 7

Asterina crotonicola Doidge, nov. sp.

Epiphylla, maculas tenues atras, 2-3 mm. diametro formans. Mycelium fuscum ramo-

sum, hyphis undulatis 3-3°5 p crassis, cellulis 18-25 uw longis ; hyphopodiis unilateralibus

y. alternis, minutis, continuls, pyriformis, 6-7 w altis, 2°5 pw latis. Thyriothecia satis

numerosa, sparsa, orbicularia, 120-140 y diametro, radiatim ex hyphis cire. 3 y crassis

contexta, stellatim dehiscentia ad ambitum haud fimbriata. Asci aparaphysati, octospor),

subglobosi v. ovati, sessiles, 36-40 x 23-33 uy. Sporae conglobatae, 1-septatae, brunneae,

in maturitate verrucosae, 17-20 x 10 p. [Fig. 7.]

Hah. in foliis Crotonis rivularis, Hast London, 19.7.19, leg. Doidge [12427].

Fig 8

76. Asterina Scolopiae n. sp.

On leaves of Scolopia Zeyheri, Hast London, 19.7.19, Doidge [12414].

On Scolopia sp., Mossel Bay, 22.7.15, Pole Evans [9067].

Hypophyllous, forming very thin spots about 5 mm. diameter. Mycelium delicate,

diffuse. Hyphae straight or somewhat undulate, branching and anastomosing irregularly,

3-3°3 vu thick; hyphopodia unilateral or alternate, briefly stipitate, often at right angles

to hypha, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 10-13°3 x 3-35. Thyriothecia scattered,

flattened-hemispherical, 150-170 yu, diameter, composed of radiating hyphae about 3 u thick ;

at margin a number of these continue to extend towards and anastomose with vegetative

hyphae, dehiscing by a stellate fissure. No basal membrane. Asci subspherical apara-

physate, eight- -spored, sessile, 33-40 yp. diameter. Spores conglobate, two-celled, slightly

constricted, ellipsoid, cells subequal, 20-23°5 x 9-11 uw. Pyenidia similar in form to

thyriothecia, but smaller, 80-90 a diameter. Conidia brown, continuous without s hyaline

band, angular kite-shaped, 18-25 x 10-13°5 u. [Kig. 8.|

Asterina Scolopiae Doidge, nov. 5}.

Hypophvlla, maculas tenues, circ. 5 mm, latas. formans. Mycelium laxum, hyphis rectis

v. subundulatig, 8-3°3 u crassis ; hyphopodiis unilateralibus v. alternis. breviter stipitatis,

cylindraceis, rectis v. leniter curvatis, 10-13°3 « 3-3°5 vu. Thvriothecia sparsa, orbicularia,

150-170 » diametro, radiatim ex hyphis cire. # uv crassis contexta, ambitu plus minus fimbri-

ata, stellatim dehiscentia. Asci subglobosi, aparaphysati, octospori, sessiles, 33-40 u,

diametro, Syne conglobatae, 1-septatae, leniter constrictae, ellipsoidae, cellulis sub-

aequalibus, 20-225 x 9-11 wu.

Hab. in folus Scolopiae Zeyher, Kast London, 19.7.19, leg. Doidge [12414].

77. Lembosia piriensis n. sp.

On leaves of Trichocladus ellipticus, Pirie Forest, Kingwilliamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge

[12301 ].

Epiphyllous, on leaf spots up to 1 em. diameter, sometimes numerous and corfluent,

covering greater part of leaf surface. Hyphae slender, fuscous, 3-3°5 u. ee branching and

anastomosing irregularly. Hyphopodia sessile, about 4-5 uv diamete , hemispherical or

sublobed, developing at irregular intervals. Thyriothecia Oa ellipsoid, straight,

simple or occasionally forked, 300-400 « 190-240 y, composed of radiating hyphae about

2 pv. thick, margin fimbriate. Asci Paap VES, eight-spored, ovate, somey ‘what: thickened

round the apex, sessile, 37-40 « 20-24 u. Paraphy ses hyaline, filiform, about 2 u thick,

equalling or slightly exceeding the asci. Spores two-celled, slightly constricted, ellipsoid,

upper loculus broader , 17-20 x 6-7 p, brown when mature. Pveidia flattened-hemi-

spherical, 100-120 » diameter. Conidia minute, hyaline, bacilloid.

Lembosia piriensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Epiphylla, maculas usque 1 em. latas insidentia ; hyphis tenuibus, fuscis, 3-3.5

crassis, ramosis ; hyphopodiis sesstlibus, cire. 4—5 p. diametro hemisphaericis, vy. salobac

dispersis. Thyriothecia sparsa, elliptica, recta, simplices vy. nonnunquam bifurcata,

300-400 x 190-240 w, radiatim ex hyphis 2 uw crassis contexta, ambitu fimbriata. Asci

paraphysati, ne ovati, sessiles, 37-40 x 20-24 yu. Paraphyses hyalinae circ. 2 p

crassae. Sporae ]- -septatae, leniter constrictae, ellipsoidae, 17-20 « 6-7 uv, in maturitate

brunneae, loculo superiore latiore.

Hab. in foliis Trichocladi elliptici, Pirie Forest, 8.7.19, leg. Doidge [12301].

78. Trichopeltula Carissae n. sp.

On leaves of Carissa arduina, Kast London, 24.11.17, Doidge [10914]; 19.7.19

[12424].

Epiphyllous. when thinly sown each thallus is plainly visible, consisting of a number

of narrow, dull-black, irregularly branched radiating fibrillae ; frequently the thalli are

so numerous that they coalesce, al the whole leaf surface becomes encrusted with the dull-

black growth ; thallus irregular in breadth, 95-275 » broad, formed of narrow. rectangular,

radiating-prose nchymatous cells. Conidial Bene 90-115 uw diameter, containing

nacillomun, hyaline, non-septate conidia, 6-8 uw % 1-15 yp. Pycnothecia contaiming asci

somewhat larger, 120-140 uy diameter : asciaparaphysate, eight-spored, obovate or obclavate,

broadly rounded at the apex, constricted at the base, with a very short foot, 24-30 x 13-16 u.

Spores tristichous, hyaline, oblong, slightly curved, four to five celled, usually four-septate

when mature, 10-14 « 3-4 u.

Trichopeltula Carissae Doidge n. sp.

Epiphylla, thallus vittaeformis, repens, ramosus; vittae brunneo-atrae, irregulares

95-275 uv. latae, radiato-prosenchvymaticae, cellwis anguste rectangularibus. Pycnothecia

in thallo formata, alia conidiofera, 90-115 v., alia ascofera 120-140 y. diametro, applanato

hemisphaerica, demum apice perforata. ( ‘onidia bacillaria, hyalina, continua, 6-8 x 1-1} u.

Agel aparaphysati, actospori, obovati vy. obclavati, supra late rotundati infra in nodum

brevissimum coarctati, 24-30 x 13-16 u. Sporae tristichae, hyalinae, oblongae, sub-

curvatae, quadriseptata, 10-14 x 3-4 up.

Hab. in foliis Carissae arduwinae, Kast London, 24.11.17, leg. Doidge [10914].

79. Trichopeltula kentaniensis n. sp.

On Xymalos monospora, Kentani, 3.3.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 1999) [8866]; Zwartkop,

near Maritzburg, Natal, 19.7.18, Doidge [11598}.

On Schmidelia monophylla, Kenta, 3.3.15, Pegler (Pegler No, 2300) [8865].

This fungus is very similar in appearance to the species on cane from which it

differs chiefly 1 in the size and form on the asci and spores; the latter are three to four

septate, but usually four-septate when mature.

Trichopeltula kentaniensis n. sp.

Epiphylla, thallus vittaeformis, repens, ramosus: vittae brunneo-atrae, irregulares,

64-200 pw latae, radiato-prosenchymaticae, cellulis anguste rectangularibus. Pyvenothecia

in thallo formata, alia conidiofera 90-110 uv, alia ascofera 160-180 y. diametro, applanato-

hemisphaerica, demum apice perforata. Conidia. bacillaria, hyalina, continua, 4-6 x 1-1°5 u

Asci aparaphysati, octospori, ellipsoidei v. subclavati, apedicellati, 30-36 x 13-16 uw.

Sporae tristichae, hyalinae, subclavatae, rectae, quadriseptatae, 15-17 x 3°5-D u.

Hab. in foliis Xymalos monosporae, Kentami, 3.3.15, leg. Pegler [8866].

Fungi belonging to this group appear to be very common in many localities, particularly

in the neighbourhood of East London ; but, although material has been collected at different

seasons of the year, only the two species described above have been found with mature asci.

Immature fungi belonging to the T'richopeltaceae have been collected near East London

and elsewhere on the following hosts: Acokanthera spectabilis, Behnaa recticulata, Buxus

MacOwam, Chaetacme aristata, Elaeodendron capense, Elaeodendron croceum, Hugena sp.

Putterlicha pyracantha, Rhoicissus rhomboidea, Toddaha natalensis, Trichocladus ellipticus,

Umtisa Listeriana.

80. Scolecopeltis Cassipoureae n. sp.

Ascomata hypophyllous, not situated on leaf spots, scattered, superficial, easily

becoming detached, opaque, dark-green in the centre, translucent, paler at edges,

550-650 wu diameter, composed of a dense weft of fine hyphae 1—2 wu thick.

Ostiole distinct, round 23-36 » diameter. Asci aparaphysate, ellipsoid, sessile,

120-170 x 20-26 u, four to eight BPO: Spores parallel or twisted, filiform, 100-120 p.

long, six to seven broad at centre, tapering somewhat towards rounded ends, ten to fifteen

septate, constricted, easily separating even in ascus into very Beis portions 6-15 u long.

On leaves of Cassipourea verticillata, Buccleuch, Natal, 18, Doidge [11586].

Scolecopeltis Cassipoureae Doidge, nov. sp.

Peritheciis hypophyllis, sine maculis, sparsis, superficialibus, facile secedentibus,

opace atro-coeruleis, lenticulari- scutatis margine alatis, 550-650 » diametro marginem

versus coerulee pellucidis, ibique ex hyphis 12 v. latis tenuibus, maeandrice denseque

conjunctis contextis, praeterea margine ca, 30-6C yu latofere hyalino ex hyphis 1-2 y latis

anastomosantibus composito cinctis, ostiolo distincto, rotundato, 33-36 u lato: ascis

aparaphysatis, ellipsoideis, sessilibus, 120-179 x 20-26 yu, 2-8 sporis, sporidiis parallelis

v. tortis, filiformis 100-120 » x 6-7 uv. utrinque leniter attenuatis, 10-15 septatis, constrictis,

facile secedeutibus.

Hab. in folis Cassipoureae verticillatae, Buccleuch, Natal, 17.7,18, leg. Doidge [11586].

81. Asterinella Mimusopsidis n. sp.

On leaves of Mimusops obovata, Pirie Forest, Kingwilliamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [12267] ;

Kast London, 19.7.19, Deidge [12409].

Hypophyllous, forming thin black spots up to 5 mm. diameter ; mycelium reticulate,

alternate or opposite, branching. composed of fuscous-brown hyphae, more or less torulose,

and undulate, varying in thickness from 3-6 v., articulation more or less irregular ; hy pho-

podia none ; thyriothecia crowded in centre, or scattered, flattened- hemispherical, 240-320

diameter, dehiscing by collapse of central cells or by radial fissure, composed of straight

radiating hyphae 3-3°5 uw thick, margin entire or with numerous rather delicate hyphae

about 3 u thick running out into the mycelium. Asci aparaphysate, ovate or narrow ovate,

sessile, eight-spored, thickened round. apex, 60-70 « 25-35 wu. Spores conglobate, two-

celled, brown, constricted at septum, 28-33 x 13-16°5 p, slightly rough at maturity,

upper loculus broader, broadly rounded at both ends.

Asterinella Mimusopsidis Doidge. nov. sp.

Hypophylla, maculas tenues usque 5 mm. latas formans, mycelium ex hyphis fuscidulis,

subtorulosis, undulatis 3-6 » crassis formatum. Hyphopodia desunt. Thyriothecia

conferta v. sparsa, orbicularia, 240-320 uw diametro, radiatim ex hyphis rectis 3-3.5

crassis contexta, peripherice hyphis longiusculis, flexuosis, 3 4 crassis fimbriata. Asci

aparaphysati, ovati, sessiles, octospori, ad apicem incrassati, 60-70 25-35 uv. Sporae

conglobatae, 1-septatae, brunneae, constrictae, 28-33 x 13-16°5 uv, in maturitate minute

verrucosae, loculo superiore latiore.

Hab. in foliis Mimusopsidis obovatae, Pirie Forest, 8.9.19, leg. Doidge [12267].

82. Meliola gemellipoda n. sp.

On leaves of Jasminum angulare, Langholm Hstates, Bathurst District, 14.7.19, Doidge

[12352].

Epiphyllous, forming round black velvety spots 1-5 mm. diameter. Mycelium compact,

fairly dense, formed of straight or slightly wavy hyphae 10 pv thick; cells 20-80 » long ;

branching opposite or irreoular ; capitate Dyipaopoaie, opposite, usually one pair to each

cell of hypha, 16-23 x 9-10 u, stipe cell short, 3-5 yu, terminal cell ovate to cylindrical,

rounded at the apex Murconate hyphopodia rare, interspersed with capitate hyphopodia,

ampulliform 20-30 u long x 10 » thick at base. Mycelial setae fairly numerous, simple,

straight, black, opaque except near the somewhat blunt apex, 9-10 p. thick at base, tapering

oradually towards apex, 360-600 u long. Perithecia 200-250 u diameter, black, olobose,

smooth. Asci two to three spored, evanescent. Spores four-septate, cylindrical or

tapering slightly towards both ends, rounded at both ends, scarcely constricted,

53-60 x 16°5-20 yu. Closely related to MW. Toddaliae.

Meliola gemmellipoda Doidge, nov. sp.

Epiphylla, maculas atras, orbiculares, 1-5 mm. diametro efformans; miycelio ex

hyphis ramosis, septatis, 10 y crassis composito; hyphopodiis capitatis oppositis

16-23 x 9-10 y, cellula superiore ovata v. cylindrica; hyphopodus mucronatis raris,

ampulliformibus usque ad 30 py. longis ; setis mycelicis numerosis, simplicibus, rectis, opacis,

360-600 vu. longis, obtusis ; perithecis 200-2: 50 p diametro, atris, laevis, globosis ; ascis,

2-3 sporis, evanescentibus ; sporidiis 4-septatis, ad septa vix constrictis, 53— 60 x 16.5-20 UL.

Hab. in folus Jasmini angularis, Bathurst District, Cape Province, 14.7.19, leg.

Doidge [12352].

83. Irene Rinoreae n. sp.

On leaves of Rinorea ardesiaeflora, Karkloof, Natal, 14.7.21, Doidge [14961].

Amphigenous, forming small, round, dull-black spots 1-2 mm. diameter: these are

occasionally rather numerous and become confluent, but usually they are scattered and

only one to two spots occur on a leaf.

Mycelium reticulate: hyphae dark-brown, semi-opaque, 6-7 » thick, cells mostly

18-20 » long, branches opposite, anastomosing, capitate hyphopodia alternate, usually

one to each cell, stipitate, 17-26 uw high, terminal cell variously lobed with rounded or

truncate lobes 17-20 u broad. Mucronate hyphopodia rather numerous, interspersed

with the capitate hyphopodia, opposite, alternate or unilateral: they are rather peculiar

in form, reminding one of penguins at rest, 17-20 u long and 5-6 y thick at the base ;

mycelial setae none.

Perithecia spherical, black, carbonaceous, 140-200 » diameter, surface cells conical or

rounded, projecting to a height of 16-18 yp. (These could hardly be termed epbenages.

and the species is accordingly assigned to the genus Irene.) Asci fugaceous, not seen

Spores four-septate, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, constricted, 40-46 « 16°5-21°5 p.

Irene Rinoreae Doidge, nov. sp.

Amphigena, plagulas minutas, atras, 1-2 mm. diametro efformans. Mycelio reticulato.

Hyphis brunneis, subo} yacis, 6-7 w crassis, cellulis plerumque 18-20 » longis, hyphopodiis

capitatis alternis, stnieatie 17-26 y. altis, cellula superiore varie lobata, lobis rotundatis

v. truncatis. Hyphopodiis mucronatis numerosis, oppositis, alternis v. unilateralibus,

17-20 u longis, basi 5-6 y crassis.

Setis myecelicis nullis. Perithectis globosis atris, tuberculatis, 140-200 vu diametro.

Ascis non visis. Sporidiis 4-septatis. cylindricis, utrinque rotundatis, ad septa constrictis,

40-46 x 16°5-21°5 p.

Hab. in foliis Rinoreae ardesiaeflorae, Karkloof, Natal, 14.7.21, leg. Doidge [14961].

84. Phyllachora myrsinicola n. sp.

On leaves of Myrsine melanophleos, Dwicairn, near Maritzburg, 13.7.21, Doidge

[15015].

Stromata epiphyllous, net ne on lower surface of leaf, and. not surrounded by

discoloured leaf tissue, scattered, }-1 mm. diameter, black, somewhat shiny, flat, very

shghtly raised above the epidermis

Several loculi im each ro occupying about half the thickness of the leaf, which

is here swollen to about twice its normal thickness. Loculi covered by a common epidermal

clypeus which 1s black, opaque, and variable in thickness. Locali not closely crowded,

subs spherical, 180-240 uv diameter, lateral and basal walls well developed, consisting of

laterally compressed hyphae, usually hyaline, but sometimes brown at the base and where

the lateral walls join the clypeus. Asci clavate 80-100 « 20-27 u, thick-walled, rounded

at the apex, eight-spored, paraphysate, briefly pedicellate. Spores distichous, one-celled,

hyaline, ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid, 16°5-23°5 «x 9-10 wu.

Phyllachora myrsinicola Doidge, nov. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, atra, in inferiore foliorum pagina non visibilia, sparsa, $-1 mm.

diametro parum nitidula, locul pauci in quoque stromate, suborbiculares, 180-240 v

diametro, clypeo epidermale atro, opaco. Asci paraphysati, clavati, octospori, breviter

pedicellati, 80-100 « 20-27 uv. Sporae distichae, continuae. hyalinae, ellipsoidae v. sub-

thomboidae, 17°5-23°5 x 9-10 wu.

Hab. in foliis Myrsine melanophlecs, Duncairn, near Maritzburg, Natal, 13.7.21,

leg. Doidge [15015].

55. Clypeosphaeria natalensis 1. sp.

On leaves of Viscum nervosum growing on Rapanea melanophleos, Glen Burnie, Highflats,

Txopo District. Natal, 20.8.21, J. W. Bews [14867].

Perithecia and pyenidia epiphyllous, in scattered groups, similar in form and size,

immersed, lenticular, spherical, convex at the apex with a black, opaque epidermal clypeus ;

160-200 » in diameter, very slightly papillate in the centre, where it becomes pertorated

by a pore ; wall black, carbonaceous, 16-20 p thick.

Asci paraphysate, subpyriform, broadly rounded at the base, narrower at the apex,

thick-walled around the apex, which is traversed by a pore, eight-spored, evanescent,

90-120 x 20.27 u. Spores fuscous, fovr to five septate, cylindrical or subelavate, parallel

or obliquely distichous, 42-54 ~ 7:5-10 u.

Conidia hyaline, cylindrical or clavate, rounded at both ends, transversely six to eight

septate. 50-62 x 10-11 uv.

Clypeosphaeria natalensis Doidge, nov. sp.

Perithectis et pyenidus epiphyllis, eregaris, immersis, Jenticulariter sphaeroideis.

vertice applanato, convexulo, centro leniter papillulatis demum poro perforatis, atris,

160-200 uw diametro ; ascis octosporis, paraphysatis, subpyriformibus, basi late rotundatis,

sessilibus, apice Incrassatis poro pertusis, evanescentibus, 90-120 x 20-27 yw. Sporidiis

fuscis oblique; distichis v. parallelibus, 4-5 septatis, cylindricis, v. subclavatis,

42-54 « 7:°5-10 wu.

Conidiis hyalinis, cylindricis yv. clavatis, utrinque rotundatis, 6-8 septatis,

50-62) x 10-11 uw.

Hab. in foliis Vise nervosi, Lxopo District, Natal, 20.8.21, leg. Bews [14867].

EXPLANATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Vig. 1. Meliola Carissae. (a) Mycelium with capitate hyphopodia. (b) Spores. (c) Mycelial setae,

Fig. 2. Meliola capensis. ‘Tips of mycelial setae.

Fig. 3. Meliola dracoenicola. (a) Mycelium. (b) Spores. (¢) Tips of mycelial sctae.

Wig. 4. Meliola Oleicola. (a) Mycelium. (b) Spores. (c) Tips of setae.

Fig. 5. Meliola Panici. (a) My elium. (6) Spores. (c) Tips of setae,

Fig. 6. Irene Zeyher. (a) Mycelium. (b) Spores.

Fig. 7. Mycelium and spores of Asterina crotonicola,

Fig. 8. Mycelium of Asterina Scolopiae.

TUBUE TIBIOIRIN: IPIBAIRS

(Scolopia ‘spp.).

By KE. P. PHILLIPS, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Division of Botany, Pretoria.

THE genus Scolopia was founded by Schreber in 1789, and the following year Loudon

established the genus Phoberos for the same group of plants. It is under the latter name that

the species are described in the “ Flora Capensis.”’ The genus is included by Bentham and

Hooker under the natural order Bixineae, but Engler only includes the genus Bixa in this

famiry and places Scolopia in the family Flacourtiacecae. Gilg in Engler’s ‘“ Botanische

Jahrbiich,”’ vol. 40, p. 481, gives a list of the African species, and describes a new an

from the Transvaal, viz. Scolopia Engleri. Sim (~ Forests and Forest Flora.” p. 126)

recognized three South African species only, viz. S. Mundi, S. Zeyheri, and S. arora

and regards S. Heklonii and EB. Gerrardii_as co-specific with S. Zeyher’. My examination of

herbarium material has led me to recognize S. Zeyheri and S. Ecklonii as specifically distinct,

and to regard S. Gerrardi: and S. Engleri as varieties of S. Heklonti. A very distinct species of

the genus, collected at Barberton by Mr. G. Thorncroft, is described here.

The presence or absence of thorns is evidently not a constant character as Sim notes,

as specimens sent in by Mr. A. O'Connor from the Woodbush Forest, Transvaal, are stated

to be sometimes thorny and sometimes thornless. Though this may be the case, yet my

examination of the genus does not confirm Sim’s suggestion that S. Zeyheri and S. Ecklonvi

are the same species. Both the character of the leaves and the presence or absence of hairs

on the inflorescence can be used to distinguish them. In herbarium material thorns were

present on some specimens of S. Zeyheri, and it is only from information supplied by

Mr. O’Connor that we can be certain of the presence of thorns in S. Ecklonii, as this character

was not observed in any of the herbarium specimens. Mr. O. B. Miller, commenting on

specimens collected by him in the Amanzamnyaina and Buffalo Neck Forests, Mount

Frere District, writes: ““ Yesterday I found a very large old ‘red pear’ with several

sucker shoots growing from the stem at a height of 3 ft. 6 in. from ground-level. So far

as I could see the rest of the tree was quite unarmed. Itis the first time I have ever observed

a thorned tree of this species, except in the seedling stage, when itis always armed. I have

since seen another “red pear’ with armed suckers, and the native guard says they are fairly

common in this district.”

T have not seen authentic specimens of S. Hngleri, but have examined Transvaal plants

which agree with Gile’s description of this species. In some respects it appears to be an

intermediate form between 3S. Zeuheri and S. Ecklonu, having the pubescent inflorescence

of the former and the leaves of the latter, but the specimen: are so similar to S. Ecklonii

and the distribution limited to the bushveld that I prefer keeping it as a variety of this

species. I have also decided to place S. Gerrardu asa variety of S. Hekloni, as though while

the specimens hitherto placed under the former species have a distinctive appearance

owing to the size of the leaves, yet the examination of a large series of specimens of

S. Ecklonii indicated that this species merges into S. Gerrardiv.

I have to thank the Chiet Conservator of Forests, Dr. Schénland, the Directors of the

Transvaal and South African Museums, for the loan of the material in their respective

herbaria.

KEY TO SPECIES.

Inflorescence a dense cylindric spike about 1 cm. in diameter................... Thorncroftir.

Inflorescence a lax raceme.

Leaves small, usually about 2 cm. long and 1 em. broad ; fruit minutely pubescent Flanaganii.

Leaves usually over 2 cm. long and 1 em. broad: fruit glabrous.

Inflorescence pubescent.

Leaves Wemellkhy Oye ta OWULING, 505 o000c0cp0000c00000000e00000000 Zeyheri.

Leaves usually obovate or oblanceolate in outline (Transvaal species) Hcklonii,

var. Hngleri.

Inflorescence glabrous.

Leaves usually abruptly acuminate and distinctly serrated.......... Mundi.

Leaves not abruptly acuminated, entire or sometimes remotely

RHE KES hype cena MERA Bo eoNs Ocioeu oro GRO GOS Ao. cnG.Co uO ET oOo atS Ecklonin.

S. Thorncroftii, Phillips.

Arbor 6-7 mm. altus. Rami glabri. Folia 5-5-9°5 em. longa, lanceolata vel obovata,

aliquando subacuminata, apice cbtusa, glabra. Inflorescentia der sa, cyclindrica, circa 1 em.

lata, pubescentia. Petala 1°25 mm. longa, linearia, apice acuta. Filamenta 6 mm. longa.

Ovarium 15 mm. latum, globosum; stylus 2 mm. longus, apice paullo bifidus.

TRANSVAAL.—Barberton Div.: Barberton, 2900 ft., flowers white, Thorneroft 811,

and in Natal Herbarium 14245.

Tree 20 ft. high. Branches glabrous, with the epidermis peeling off in membranous

flakes. Leaves petioled ; petioles 1-1°5 cm. long; lamina 4°5-8 cm. long, lanceolate or

obovate, sometimes subacuminate, obtuse, entire, sometimes with wavy margins and with

the veining distinct above and beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence im dense cylindric axillary

spikes about 1 cm. in diameter. Avis pubescent. Flowers subsessile. Sepals 1°5 mm. long,

ovate, obtuse, ciliate, pubescent. Petals 1°25 mm. long, linear, acute. Glands 0°5 mm. lone,

arranged in a continuous row on the receptacle. Stamens numerous; filaments 6 mm.

long, surrounded at the hase with long hairs ; anthers ovate in outline, somewhat apiculate.

Ovary 1°5 mm. m diameter, globose ; style 2 mm. long, subterete, faintly bilobed at the

apex.

This is a very distinct species and easily recognized by the dense cylindric inflorescence.

S. Flanaganii (Sim. “ Forest and Forest Flora,” p. 127, Pl. IIL.)

A small tree. Branches glabrous with raised lenticels. Leaves subsessile, 1°1-3 cm.

long, 0°5-1°5 em. broad, elliptic, rarely obovate, obtuse, sparsely serrated on the upper

half, with distinct veining, glabrous. Flowers not seen. Frit 05 mm. in diamete ,

subglobose, finely pubescent.—Xylosma Flanagan, Bolus, in“ Journ. Bot.,” Jan., 1896”

Carr Province.—Kinewilliamstown Diy.: Kingwilhamstown, Sim 2571, and in

Natal Govt. Herb. 8616.

This species is easily distinguished from the rest of the genus by the sessile leaves

and the pubescent fruits.

S. Zeyheri [Szyszy in Pl. Rehmann (1887), 19].

A thorny shrub 8-10 ft. high (ex Galpin). Youngest branches minutely pubescent

or glabrous, sometimes armed with spines 1°5-17 em. long. Leaves petioled ; petioles

0:5-1°5 em. long; lamina 1°3-7 em. long (usually 2°5-4 em. long), 1-5 em. broad (usually

2-3 em. broad), ovate, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate, more rarely

subrotund or obcordate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, more rarely subacuminate

or retuse, rounded or cuneate at the base, with entire margins, more rarely

subcrenate, with the veining distinct beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence an axillary raceme,

2°8-6°5 em. long, usually lax, but sometimes more or less dense, though never broadly

cylindric. Axis of inflorescence and pedicels finely but densely pubescent. Sepals 0-752

mim. long, 0°75-1°5 mm. broad, ovate, oblong, elliptic or suborbicular, obtuse or acute

sometimes subacuminate, usually shortly ciliate, pubesgent without. Petals when present

1 mm. long, 0°75 mm. broad, ovate. Glands 0°25-0°5 mm. long, arranged in a continuous

row on the receptacle. Stamens numerous ; filaments 1°5-3 mm. long, surrounded at the

base by long hairs; anthers 0'5-1 mm. long, ovate, or suborbicular in outline. Ovary

Q°5-1°25 mm. in diameter, globose or ellipsoid. glabrous ; style 15-2 mm. lone, subterete,

faintly bilobed at the apex (sometimes each lobe again faintly lobed). Frit (mature 2)

5mm. in diameter, globose, glabrous, tipped with the persistent ‘style—Sim, “ Forest and

Forest Flora,” p. 126, pl. w ; Gilg in Engl. * Bot. Jahrb.,” 40, p. 481; Phoberos Zeyheri,

Arn., “‘ Flora Capensis,” I, 68.

Carpe PRrovince.—Bathurst Div.: Port Alfred, Schlechter 2733. Stutterheim Div.

Katberg, MacOwan in Natal Govt. Herb. 1113. Komgha Div.: In woods near Komgha,

2000 ft., Flanagan, 863. Kast London Div.: Kast London, Wood in Herb. Galpin 2828.

Somerset East Div.: Zuurberg, Holland 279; banks of Klein Visch River, near Somerset

East, MacOwan 808 ; woods on slopes of Boschberg, 3000 ft., MacOwan 1324. Queenstown

Div.: Ridges at Finchams Nek, 4000 ft., Galpin 1822.

Hast GriavaLANp.—Maclear Div.: In wooded kloofs. Pot River Berg, 5500 it.,

Galpin 6830.

Natau.—Near Sinkwasi River, 500 ft., wood, Lundies Hill, Wood 10170, and in Natal

Govt. Herb. 10780.

S. Mundii (Warb. in Engl. and Prantl. Pflanzenfam. i, 6a, 29).

Branches glabrous. Leaves petioled ; petioles 0°5-1 cm. long; lamina 15-7°5 em.

long, 0-7-4 em. broad (usually 4-5 cm. long and about 2 cm. broad), abruptly acuminate,

rarely not acuminate, acute or subacute, more rarely rounded or obtuse, cuneate at the base,

with sharply serrated margins, veining distinct beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence a lax

axillary raceme, 2-3 cm. long. Ais of inflorescence and pedicels quite glabrous. Sepals

1:5-2°5 mm. long, 1°5-2°5 mm. broad, ovate or subrotund, sometimes subacuminate,

acute, obtuse or sonietimes rounded at the apex. glabrous. Glands 0°5-1 mm. long, usually

quadrate in outline, somewhat fleshy and arranged in a continuous row on the receptacle.

Stamens numerous ; filaments 3°5-5 mm. long, surrounded at the base with long hairs ;

anthers 0°75-1 mm. long, oblong, elliptic or orbicular in outline, usually apiculate at the

apex. Ovary 1-3 mm. in diameter, globose or ellipsoid, glabrous ; style 2°5-3 mm. long,

subterete, divided at the apex into two short lobes, sometimes each lobe again faintly

lobed. Fruit about 1 cm. in diameter, globose, glabrous.—Sim, ‘‘ Forests and Forest

Flora,” p. 126, pl.r; Gilg in Engl. “ Bot. Jahrb.,” 40, p. 481; Phoberos Mundtu, Arn.,

“ Flora Capensis,” I, 68.

CaprE Proyincr.—Cape Div. : Kirstenbosch, in wood, Table Mountain, Zeyher. Knysna

Div.: Grootkops River, Concordia, Keet in Herb. Forest Dept. 2373. Port Elizabeth Div. :

Van Staadens, Zeyher 3785. Albany Div. : Woods about Grahamstown, 2000 ft., MacOwan

957, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 226. Komgha Div.: In woods at Prospect Farm Komgha,

2100 ft., Flanagan 62. Queenstown Div.: Lesseyton Nek, near Queenstown, 4000 ft.,

Galpin 2146 ; mountain top, Gwatyn Farm, 5400 ft., Gelpin 8295.

Transker.—~Tembuland, towards reservoir, near Cala, Royffe 204 ; Pondoland, Engcobo

Diy. : Manina Forest, Zahn in Herb. Forest Dept. 2040; Amamzaminyama Forest, Mount

Frere Dist., Miller in Herb. Forest Dept., 3208, 3223.

Natat.—Polela Div.: Polela, Drakensbergen, 6000-7000 ft., Hvans 624, and in Natal

Govt. Herb. TA0T.

ZULULAND.—Qudeni Forest, 6000 ft., Daris 122, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 8807.

TRANSVAAL.—Ermelo Diy. : Nooitgedacht, Pott 5097, and im Herb. Transvaal Mus.

14932.

BasuToLanp.—Thaba-Bosin Div.: Banks of Mohale River, Jacoltet in Herb. Dieterlen

1062. Maseru Div.: Matukeng, ‘slopes of Qeme Mountain, Dieterlen 852

A tree 15-20 ft. high (Hvans). A tree 10 ft. high; drupe yellow (Galpin) ; Sesuto name

‘“ Moopa-Koma.”

S. Ecklonii [Szyszy, Pl. Rehmann (1887) ].

Branches glabrous with raised lenticels Leaves petioled; petioles 0°5-1 cm. long ;

lamina 2°5-11 em. long, 0’7—-3°6 em. broad, mostly elliptic-lanceolate, more rarely lanceolate,

oblanceolate or obovate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, more rarely subacute, cuneate

at the base, with entire margins, rarely with a few teeth, with distinct veining, glabrous.

Inflorescence a lax axillary raceme. Avis and pedicels quite glabrous. Sepals 1-2 mm.

long, 0°75-1 mm. broad, ovate or oblong, obtuse, acute, or eqrlbacutio, labrous. Petals when

present I-1°5 mm. long, linear or oblong. Glands forming a tim on the receptacle. Stamens

numerous ; filaments 2-5 mm. long, surrounded at the base with long hairs; anthers

oblong or ovate in outline. Ovary 1°5 mm. in diameter, subglobose ; style 15-8 mm. long,

faintly or distinctly 2—4-lobed at the apex. Fruit 4:5 mm. in diameter, globose.—

Sim, “ Forests and Forest Flora,” P. 127; Gilg in Engl. « Bot. Jahrb.,” 40, p. 481 ; Phoberos

Ecklonni, Arn., “ Flora Capensis,” I, 68.

_ Cape Province.—Uitenhage Div.: Van Staadens Mountains, Zeyher 782. Albany

Div. : In woods near Grahamstown, MacOwan 1324.

Natau.—Near Tugela River, 500 ft., Wood 3951, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 4578.

ZULULAND.—Qudeni Forest, 6000 ft., Davis 99, and in Natal Govt. Herb. 8806 ; swamp,

Umhlatuzi Forest, Ballenden in Herb. Forest Dept. 2559.

TRANSVAAL.— Pietersburg Div.: Potatobosch, Wocdbush Forest, 4900 ft., Botha in

Herb. Forest Dept. 2132; O°Connor in Herb. Forest Dept. 2009.

Var. Gerrardii, Phillips.

Leaves up to 8 em. long and5 em. broad, with usually undulate margins and sometimes

remotely serrated. —Scolopia Gerrardu, Harv., “« Flora Capensis.” [1,548

Natat.—Westville, near Durban, 4000-5000 ft.. Wood 8597. and in Natal Govt. Herb.

9320; Sydenham, 300-400 ft., Wood 11402.

PonpoLanp.—Engcobo Diy.: Manina Forest, Zahn in Herb. Forest Dept. 2041.

Var. Engleri, Phillips.

Agrees with the type, but the inflorescence is shehtly pubescent.—S. Engler, Gilg

in Engl. * Bot. Jahrb.,” 40, 481.

TRANSVAAL.—Derdepoort, Miss Leendertz 190. Rustenburg Div.: Rustenburg,

Miss Leendertz 9773. Pretoria Diy.: Betfontein, Theiler in Herb. Transvaal Museum

12365; Kaalplaats, Mogg in Govt. Herb. 16289.

JEUE (GAOINTUIS: “OCI

By E. P. Primus, M.A. DSc., F-.L.S.

Tre National Herbarium has on many occasions received specimens of Ochna from the

Forest Department for identification, but found that the naming of the specie: in herbaria

was unsatisfactory. Forest officers have suggested that more species are found in the

South African forests than those generally accepted as occurring within the Union, and

as some of the species are of economic value it was pointed out by the Chief Conservator

of Forests that the genus should be critically examined. With the permission of the Chief

of the Division of Botany the writer undertook this work. Without the cordial co-operation

f the Forest Department this would not have been possible, and my appreciation is here

squeal of the willing assistance received from Mr. J. J. Kotze, B.A., B.Sc., the acting

Research Officer at the time. To the various forest officers whe have supplied specimens

and information the writer is also deeply indebted, especially to Mr. A. J. O'Connor, the

District Forest Officer at Doornboom, northern Transvaal, who first pointed out the

existence of two distinct species uf Ochna which occur in the Woodbush Forest, and which

had previously been regarded as either 9. arborea or O. atropurpurea, var. natalitia. My

thanks are also due to the Director of the South African Museum, who allowed me facilities

for working at the Cape Government Herbarium, and to Dr. 8. Schonland, Mrs. F. Bolus,

B.A., Mrs. R. Potts, and!Dr. P. J. van der Bijl for lending me the material in their

respective herbaria, and to the Director of Kew for comparing some specimens with the Kew

material. '

At first sight the division of the genus into species appeared an easy matter, but as more

material was examined the difficulties of limiting the species increased. The writer has

critically examined nearly 200 herbarium sheets, but failed to find any constant characters,

either floral or vegetative, which could be used as diagnostic characters for a key to the

species, and has had to rely on the general “ facies ” of the specimens in most cases and has

found it difficult to express the differences in words. That the specimens have been grouped

correctly may be assumed, as handling a large number of specimens makes one familiar

with their “look,” but whether a particular specimen can be readily placed in its correct

species with the aid of the key given hete is more doubtful. However, this difficulty will only

apply to a few species related to O. atropurpurea ; the others are fairly distinct.

In the “ Flora Capensis ” (Vol. I, 448}, three species of Ochna are described, but my

investigations show that there are nine distinct species in South Africa with the possibility

of a tenth. This latter is represented by two sheets illustrating a plant with a prostrate

habit, but as Harvey, in the ~ Flora Capensis ” under O. arborea, mentions that ~ shoots

from the roots occasionally produce flowers,” it is just possible that the specimens may

represent such shoots, but no information on this point is available. In all the herbarium

specimens examined only O. pulchra was correctly distinguished, while the limits of

O. arborea and O. atropurpurea were confused. 0. pulchra is a typical Transvaal species,

but also occurs in Rhodesia. and as far as our records go is absent from the Cape Province

and Natal. It is readily distinguished from all the other South African species by the large

racemose inflorescence. Other distinguishing characters are the entire leaves (or they

usually appear entire to the naked eye) and the long stigmas, which are one-third to a quarter

the length of the style. The other species which has entire (or apparently so) leaves is

O. arborea, but this does not occur in the Transvaal. It has been recorded from the George,

Kynsna, Uitenhage, Albany, Stockenstrom, East London, Kingwilliamstown, Komgha,

and Kentani Divisions, and then appears in Natal and extends to Lourenco Marques

The inflorescence in this species is also racemose (a very abbreviated raceme),

but specimens have passed through my hands in which the flowers are either solitary

or 2-4-nate at the apex of short shoots ; this is, however, very rare. The third species, O.

atropurpurea, as I have limited it, is composed of plants of a shrubby habit, 2-3 ft. high,

and can usually be recognised at a glance by the branches having a distinct lepidote appear-

ance due to the presence of numerous prominent lenticels ; the leaves are usually elliptic,

sharply serrated, and the flowers solitary. It has a similar distribution to O. arborea, but

has also been recorded from Zululand and Barberton. The variety natalitia has been kept

as a distinct species ; it differs from O. atropurpurea in habit, and the branches have not

the lepidote appearance ; the flowers are rarely solitary, and the leaves longer and lanceolate.

Though Harvey recognized this variety, he has nevertheless confused it with the species,

as in the Cape Government Herbarium there is a sheet (2. and Z. 925) labelled on the

ticket O. atropurpurea and written up as such in Harvey’s handwriting, which is undoubtedly

O. natalitia. This species is not so common in the south-eastern districts as O. atro purpurea,

but 1s recorded from several localities in Natal, and then passes through Swaziland to

Barberton. Ecklon and Zeyher record it from the Uitenhage Division. The correct limita-

tion of this species has proved the most troublesome, and at first I was inclined to recognize

three species. A further examination proved that the first grouping of the specimens was

very artificial and that this species should be regarded as a variable one with a wide range

of distribution. O. Chilversii appears to be confined to the eastern forests, it resembles

O. natalitia in general habit, but is readily distinguished from this species by the larger

number of carpels i in the ovary, and the flowers are “usually much larger. The two species,

O. O’Connorii and O. Holstii, which occur in the Woodbush Forest are very distinct from

all the other South African species. Both are deciduous trees of timber size, and may

perhaps be confused in herbaria if leaves are only present, but they differ considerably.

O. Holst has a rough bark and ellipsoid fruits, while 0. O’Connorii has a smooth bark

with kidney-shaped fruits. The remaining species, QO. leptoclada, is found in the Barberton

and Lydenherg Districts and also in Bhodesia. Specimens in mature foliage are easily

recognized by the oblanceolate le saves, which are long attenuated at the base.

The African species of Ochna were monographed by Diels in 1904 (Enel., “‘ Bot. Jahrb..”

Vol. XXXIII, p. 232), to which account the reader is referred for a key to all the known

African species.

The writer was granted facilities by Mr. Kotze for extracting information about the

species from notes sent to the Forest Department by various forest officers,

O. Chilversii. This species is known in the Cwebe Forest by the natives as ~ sibomyu.”

The Conservator of Forests, Transkeian Conservancy, remarks: “I was struck with the

nice appearance of the wood. It is a soft (hardwood), easy to work. . . . It is plentiful

in the Cwebe and other coast forests and approximates arborea in size, and could easily be

exploited. Possibly it might make an excellent hammer handle.” Mr C. C. Robertson

remarks on the difference between this species and O. arborea. He reported that the “ wood,

which seems to me far from soft, appears to have the same general character as boxwood,

and would probably be suitable for similar purposes,” and he suggested that it might be

tried for whatever purpose O. arborea is used for. The forester at Cwebe, who has handled

the wood, describes it as “ easy to work and soft.”

In the Notinsela Forest the natives know the tree as “ umbomvane umncince,” and

according to Mr. F. M. Fegen the tree occurs both in the Notinsela and Mpimbo Reserves,

and appears to be plentiful in the latter locality, and no doubt also in the surrounding

forests.

Forester Chilvers mentions that he has only seen one specimen in the Ingeli Forest

teserve. He describes it as a “ small tree, stem 5 inches in diameter; bark not smooth as

in O. arborea; leaves not diciduous.”

QO. Holstii. This species occurs in the Ingeli Forest Reserve and is also found in the

Woodbush Forest in the northern Transvaal. The specimens in the Ingeli Reserve, Forester

Chilvers describes as “trees of timber size with deciduous leaves; stem attaining to a

diameter of 2 ft. to 2 {t.6 in. with a rough bark.” The species is quite plentiful at Ingeli

and is known to the sawyers as the “ieal red pear” as distinguished from Scolopia.

Forester Tustin describes this species as “a branched tree 40-50 ft. high, stem 18 in. in

diameter, with a bole 15-2C ft. Bark grey on the outside and deep red inside. Flowers

in September and October and fruits ripen in December. I have only found the tree growing

in denser parts of the forest. It is found throughout my patrols (Impetyne and Ingeli)

and is sparingly dotted through the forests. Saplings are numerous compared with old

trees. I have not seen this tree used for any nett:

District Forest Officer A. O'Connor, in submitting specimens from the Wood-

bush Forest, states it to be “a fairly large deciduous tree. The bark is comparatively

smooth, though not with the hard smoothness of O. O’Connorii, being more flaky and

‘chippy. ” It is beet-red under the surface.

Mr. O. Miller (the acting District Forest Officer at Doornboom at the time) states

that the species is fairly abundant in the lower, but scarce in the upper, slopes of the Wood-

bush Forest. It attains a height of 45 ft., with a trunk diameter, at breast high, of

30 in. The species flowers in November and sets its fruits in January.

O. O'Connor. This tree has only been recorded from the Woodbush Forest, and

was collected by Mr. A. J. O'Connor. He noted the differences between this and O. arborea,

and describes it as a ~ small tree with smooth bark, very much like the ordinary Cape plane.”

The local name is ~ rooihout,” “* rooi izerhout.”

O. arborea. This species may attain the size of a timber tree or may be only 8-10 ft.

high. In the Horseshoe Forest, Kingwilliamstown, Forester Whithal records this species

as a ~ tree 30 ft. high, with a diameter of 26 in. at breast high, and is found on a dolerite

‘orsmetiony At Knysna, Mr. J. D. Keet, the District Forest Officer, records it ~ as common

in all parts of the district, being a small tree which forms part of the under storey of the

forest. and rarely reaches a height of 1 ft. at breast high.” Locally known as the * rooi-

hout.” The wood is very sbrong and of great durability, and is generally used for making

handles of tools and axes. The seeds are said to be attacked by caterpillars. Forester

Watton states it to be a plant growing in scrub at Knysna, and is known by the n name of

‘roothout.” Forester Strauch sends the fellowimg notes with his specimens: Very

plentiful in all the reserves in Bas (Alexandria) forestal district, and is found throughout

the forest. Average height, 10 ft. ; average Fah 4in. In the kloofs it grows much larger

and it is found that the bark is much lighte ‘r than in trees growing on ridges or exposed

positions. The timber is used for making axe and hammer handles, The tree appears to

grow more or less plentifully over the forests in the Alexandria District, which are all on

sandy soil.”

Sim* is in error when he states that this species occurs in the Transvaal.

O. natalitia. This species, which has been regarded as a variety of O. atropurpurea,

rightly deserves specific rank. Forester F. M. Fegen reports it as a ~ small tree about 6 ft.

high growing at Notinsela Forest. It is very free in flowering and has scented flowers.

I have seen several specimens of this tree in the Mpimbo Forest, but it does not appear to

grow higher than 6 or 8 ft. Many young plants of O. atropwrpurea are growing close to this.”

Forester Fegen further remarks that both species (O. natahtia and O. atropurpurea) grow

on the edge of the forest and appear to be gregarious, growing thickly together. I have

not found them well in the forest. Many stunted plants are in ““ dobo” grass, and have been

scorched by fire and have thrown out branches from the base. This species should make

a handsome garden plant, and fruiting specimens are particularly beautiful. The Pondos

call it ““ mbomvane ncinci,”’ but do not appear to use it for any purpose.

* Sim, “ Forest Flora,” p. 164.

‘

O, atropurpurea. Forester Kegen records this as a “ small shrub growing to edge of

Maseko Forest and which is very plentiful. It has flowered and fruited very sparingly

this year (1915) and fruiting specimens are scarce. The leaves, although identical in shape,

are smaller on every specimen than those of O. natalitia. It is also found at Notinsela.

Galls are nearly always present, and the plants, like O. natalitia, are confined to the edge

of the forest.””*

O. pulchra. A small or large tree, 6-20 ft. high. The trunk is smooth and usually white,

which makes the recognition of this tree in the veld easy. It is usually in flower late in

September, and at the end of October the sepals take on a red colour which makes the

species so conspicuous. The young fruits are then forming, and they mature in December.

The flowers are sweetly scented ; at first the sepals are bright green, then change to olive-

brown and red. The seeds are said to be poisonous. ’

KEY TO SPECIES.

Inflorescence in definite long or short racemes, sometimes panicled, very rarely solitary or 2—3-nate at

the apices of short shoots, but if so then the leaves entire or appearing entire to the naked

eye.

Ovary Ci iOS}: Cenk so ocood ocodoodbabonepaacd oo AoooMbadoggooonaceA0p000 Chilversii.

Ovary of less than 10 carpels. :

Leaves entire or appearing entire to the naked eye (rarely serrated, but if so,

then never with prominent lenticels), not acuminate ; bark smooth.

Racemies',2=12 ienay longi. Wotiitovee segs cie ee bnaevamteets tactics teiseens pulchra.

IRAGAMGS WAC HNOOREAMEUECl occdacspoKDO DCAD NS DOOD DDD ODNOON arborea.

Leaves serrated, long acuminate, branches not densely covered with

prominent white lenticels; fruit ellipsoid........................ Holstit.

Leaves serrated, shortly acuminate or cuneate at the apex, rarely rounded ;

branches sometimes covered with prominent white lenticels ; fruits

ellipsoid or kidney-shaped.

Fruits kidney-shaped ; lenticels not numerous and prominent ;

a tall tree.

eaves) obtuse ; (ransvaall species... 0... ie i O Connorii.

eaviesmacliterssHastermspecCles seen aetna arborea.

Fruits ellipsoid, lenticels numerous and prominent; a large

shrub G=8i sitio hola. Os iyi. occas en etree ester reece wrest eee) natalitia.

Inflorescence solitary or 2-4-nate arising from tha apex of abbreviated shoots.

Small trees or erect shrubs.

Mature leaves up to 9 cm. long, oblanceolate, usually long-attenuate at

the sbasen Mit wate cused ck teke etn sip eM Ont S eRe Roe MEM ESrTebeysiort: leptoclada.

Mature leaves very rarely up to 8 cm. long, rounded or narrowed at the

base, never long-attenuate.

Flowers 2-5-nate on much abbreviated shoots from the axils

Copmaniel oXevul SEIN cisiocieacea hee eee an eto. 6 moon nd ono omoau aS 100 natalitia.

Flowers solitary, very rarely 2—5-nate, but then arising from the

apex of short shoots and not in the axils of the leaves.

Lenticels usually dense and prominent, giving the

branches a lepidote appearance to the naked eye ;

teeth on the margins of the leaves usually triangular

ha MYR, CRAG, LVNCL QCWIDs 664 soccooccnuboeboeuve atropurpured.

Lenticels usually present, but branches not appearing

lepidote to the naked eye; teeth on margins of

leaves usually ineurved.

Epidermis flaking from the branches in mem-

branous strips; leaves up to 4 cm. long.. preforiensis.

Mpidermis rarely evidently flaking in mem-

branous strips; leaves up to 8 em. long.. natalitia.

O. Chilversii Phillips. Arbor parva. Cortex suleata. Folia, 3-8 em. longa, 6-2°5 em. lata,

lanceolata, apice obtusa, basi cuneata, glabra, marginibus serratis. /nflorescentia

in racemo brevissime disposita. Ovariwn, 10-13 carpellis.

* Sim, “ Forest Flora,” p. 164.

A small tree with a trunk 5 in. in diameter. Bark rough. Branchlets with reddish-brown

to almost black bark, pustulate or not, not flaking. Leaves 3-8 em. long, °6-2°5 em. broad.

lanceolate, rarely more or less oblanceolate, obtuse, cuneate at the base and passing into

a short petiole, rarely rounded, with the midrib distinct above and beneath and the lateral

veins evident or not, with serrated margins, glabrous. Inflorescence on short shoots in abbre-

viated racemes, up to 7-flowered. Poahvaalls 1:7-2:2 cm. long, terete, articulated 1-3 mm.

from the base, glabrous. Sepals 1-4 em. long, *7 em. broad, ovate, obtuse, and rounded

at the apex ; two of the sepals cucullate at the apex, glabrous (in dried specimens the folding

of the sepals gives them the appearance of heing acuminate). Petals 1-7 cm. long, 1°4 em.

broad, obovate, rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base into a short broad claw. Fila-

ments 5°5 mm. long; anthers 3 mm. long, linear-oblong in outline, dehiscing by two apical

shts. Ovary of 10-13 carpels, about 1 mm. lone ; stvle 1 em. long, somewhat compressed ;

stigmas either capitate or saucer-shaped, with the stigmatic surfaces arranged round the

rim, Frwt unknown.

EaAsteERN REeGIon.—Cwebe Forest, July, Pretorius in Herb, Forest Dept. 1625 ; Notinsela

Forest, Fegen in Herb. Forest Dept. 1817; Ingeli Forest Reserve, December, Chilvers in

Herb. Forest Dept. 1945 ; at mouth of Umkwani River, October, Tyson, 2619.

O. pulchra (Hook. fil., Ic. Pl. t. 588).

A small or large tree, 6-20 ft. high. Branches usually white or light grey to brown in

colour, quite Spool or rough, with the epidermis peeling off in membranous flakes. Leaves

subsessile, 3 3°5-11 em. long, 1°5—5 em. broad, usually elliptic, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate,

rarely aaenesols rounded or obtuse at the apex, Sometimes mucronate, usually narrowed

at the base, more rarely rounded or subcordate ; margins entire or appearing entire to the

naked eye, more rarely with subulate teeth adpressed to the margins, with the mid-rib

prominent beneath and the lateral veins distinct, glabrous. Inflorescence a many-flowered

raceme, 2-12 cm. long. Pedicels 1-2°5 cm. long, glabrous, articulated at the base. Sepals

6-8 mn. long, 5 mm. “broad, elliptic or suborbicular, obtuse, sometimes with cartilaginous

teeth on the margins. Petals 7-5-9 mm. long, 4°5-5°5 mm. broad, obovate, narrowed ‘at the

base. Filaments 2 mm. long ; anthers 1-5-2 mm. long, oblong or oblong- linear i in outline.

Ovary of 5-7 carpels ; style | 2mm. long: stigmas as many as the carpels, about one-third

to a quarter as long as the style, recurved, with faintly bilobed apices. Frit 1-1— 13 cm.

long, 8 mm. in diameter, kidney-shaped, and attached to the torus at the middle.—* Flora

Capensis,” I, 449.

TransvaaL.—Northern Transvaal without precise locality, Becker in Herb. Albany

Mus.; Pretoria District : Premier Mine, Rogers 19846 ; Magaliesberg, October, Burke 302,

Schlechter 3623; Meintjes Kop, September, Robertson in Herb. Forest Dept. 1662; kopjes

round Pretoria, September, Miss Leenderlz 300, 381, May, Burtt-Davy 2449; Koedoes-

poort, September, Miss Stent in Govt Herb. 10527 ; Wonderboom, October, G.A.Z. in Herb.

Forest Dept. 1686, Mogg in Herb. Forest Dept. 1673 and in Govt. Herb. 11509, Galpin

6977, Burtt-Davy 2678 and in Herb. Forest Dept. 545, Miss Leendertz 431. Rustenburg

Dist. : Plains at foot of Magaliesberg,” ‘Miss Pegler 1032; Wolhuterskop, Howlett in Govt.

Herb. 16176, Pole Evans in Govt. Herb. 15843; Silikats Nek, De Kroon, Putterill in Govt.

Herb. 16176: Rustenburg, Miss Leendertz 3369. Waterberg Dist. : Wiermiberibe! Burtt-

Davy 2626; Jeeuwpoort Tin Mines, Rogers 19071, 21874 ; Pietpotgietersrust, Burtt Davy

2289, Miss Leendertz 5635, 2392, Collector (2) in Herb. Bolus 10a; Chunies Poort, Pole

Evans 19460.

Ruopesta.—Veld, Victoria Falls, August—October, Miss Gibbs 305 ; sandy soil, Victoria

Falls, 3000 ft., Rogers, 5301, 5302, 5423; in open forest, Victoria Falls, 2900 ft., Galpin

7050 ; Livingstone, 3000 ft., October, Rogers, 7450 ; Victoria, Monro 1594, 2108.

This species is usually in flower late in September, and at the end of October the sepals

take on a red colour which makes the plant so conspicuous. The young fruits are then forming

and they mature in December. The flowers are sweetly scented; at first the sepals are bright

green, then change to olive-brown and red. The seeds are said to be poisonous.

O. arborea (Burch. ex D.C. Prody. 1, 736).

A shrub 8 ft. to a tree 30-40 ft. high. Bark smooth. Branches with light or dark

grey bark, with prominent lenticels and with the epidermis often peeling in

membranous flakes. Leaves subsessile, 1°5-6°5 cm. long, 08-3 cm. broad, mostly elliptic

more rarely lanceolate-elliptic or obovate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, rarely acute,

narrowed or rounded at the base, quite entire or appearing so to the naked eye, very rarely

distinctly serrated ; teeth when present more or less subulate and adpressed to the margin

of the leaf (except Wood 5878, in which the serrations are distinct). Inflorescence less than

1 em. long, ina much abbreviated raceme of 3-7 flowers, very rarely solitary or 2-3-nate

at the apex of short shoots. Pedicels 0'7-1:2 cm. long, articulated about 1 mm. from the

base. Sepals 6°5 mm. long, 3°5-5 mm. broad, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex.

Petals -75-1°3 cm. long, 3-5'°5 mm. broad, oblong or oblong-obovate, cuneate at the base.

Filaments 2-5-3 mm. long; anthers 1°5 min. long, oblong in outline. Ovary of 4-6 carpels ;

style 5°5-6 mm. long; stigmas as many as the carpels, or sometimes stigma subglobose.

Fruit ellipsoid or almost kidney- shaped, attached to the torus at the middle.—* Flora

Capensis,’ I. 449; Som, “ Forest and Forest Flora,” 163 pl. xxix.

George Dist.: George, August, Rogers 4039; Woodville Forest, George, Sim in Herb. Forest

Dept. 3116, 3117. Knysna Dist..: Knysna Commonage, Keel 498; Christies Kloof, Gouna, near

Knysna, Conon! in Herb. Forest ee 1342: Gouna River, September, Keet wm Herb.

Forest Dept. 2529 ; Kaffirkop Forest, c. 1500 ft., January, Watton in Herb. Forest Dept. 2943 ;

De Eiland, Rabbels in National Herb. 1420, 1421. Uitenha ge Dist.: Oliphants Hoek and

Addo, September—October, H. and Z. 924; Zuurbere, Drege. Alexandria Dist.: Forests

near Alexandria, Strauch in Herb. Forest Dew. : 2012, 3013, 3005. Albany Dist.: Blaauw

Krantz Bridge, Octoher, Galpin 265. without precise locality, FE. and Z.; Bothas Hill,

December, Salisbury 357; Salentown. Zeyher; near Grahamstown, MacOwan 110.

Stockenstrom Dist.: Katberg Mrs. Hobson 1446. Kast London Dist. : Coast near Hast

London, April, Sim 2153; Hast London, July, Wiss Gane 260; near Nahoon River,

August, Galpin 3291. Kingwilliiamstown Dist. : Along the Buffalo River, near Kingwilliams-

town, November \ Flanagan) 359 ; Horseshoe Forest, December, Whathal in Herb. Forest Dept.

2941: Mkobisa Tameeti, December, Van der Merwe in Herb. Forest Dept. 2939 ; Western Pirie

Forest, January, Kopke in Herb. Forest Dept. 2940. Victoria Kast Dist.: Auckland

Forest, January, Ackermann in Herb. Forest Dept. 2942. Komegha Dist.: Woods near

Prospect Farm, November, Flanagan 359. Kentani Dist.: Forest near Kentani, July,

Miss Pegler 1216. Pondoland, Mpingo Forest, Fegen in Herb. Forest Dept. 3033, 3089.

Natal: Port Natal, Gueinzius ; Inanda, August, Wood 687, and in Natal Govt. Herb.

5878 ; without precise locality, Gerrard and McKen 834, and im Natal Govt. Herb. 73;

Victoria County, Wood: Shafton, Howick, Mrs. Hutton 153.

Delagoa Bay: FH. and Z. 926; Madame Borl? 176, 16; Rogers 21373.

A large shrub (Wood). <A forest tree, 15 ft. high, with masses of yellow flowers (J/iss

Pegler). A small tree throughout the whole of the Knysna Forest ; generally used for

making handles of tools and axes; wood very strong and heavy and of great durability ;

seeds attacked by caterpillars (Herb. Forest Dept. 1342).

O. O’Connorii, Phillips. Arbor. Covtex plana. Folia 5-10 cm. longa, 13-5 em. lata,

lanceolata, raro elliptica vel ovato-lanceolata, apice paullo angustata, obtusa,

Inflorescentia in vacemo brevissime disposita ; flores solitarn vel 2-3-nati. Fructus

1:5 cm. long, 8 cm. latus, reniformis.

A tree. Bark comparatively smooth, somewhat flaky and ~ chippy,” beet-red beneath

the surface (O’Connor). Branchlets somewhat pustulate. reddish-brown to dark-brown in

colour, not flaking. Leaves 5-10 em. long (usually 6-8 em. long), 1-3°5 em. broad, lanceolate,

rarely elliptic or ovate-lance olate, slightly tapering at the apex , rarely acuminate or rounded

and retuse, obtuse, sometimes slightly tapering to the base and rounded, with the mid-rib

prominent above and beneath and the lateral veins distinct above; glabrous. Inflor-

esence racemose with the flowers either solitary or 2-3-nate in the raceme. Pedicels 1-2°2 em.

long, articulated 1-4 mm. from the base. Sepals 7mm. long, 5 mm. broad, broadly elliptic,

rounded at the apex. Petals 1:1-1-2 em. long, 5-6°5 mm. broad, obovate, rounded above,

narrowed into a short broad claw at the base. Filaments 2°5 mm. long, anthers 2°5 mm.

long, linear-oblong in outline. Ovary of 5-6 carpels: style 5°5 mm. long ; stigmas as many

as the carpels. Fruit 1-5 om. long, 0:8 em. broad, kidney-shaped, attached to the torus

at the concave side.

TRANSVAAL.— Barberton Dist.: Van der Merwes Bush, Pilgrims Rest, 5-5750 ft.,

January, Burtt-Davy 1409 ; neheran February, Orangie in Clonal flerb. i691 ; Legal

in Colonial Herb. 1316. Pietersburg Dist.: Woodbush Forest, October, arene 3, and in

Colomal Herb. JO1T ; Deyer ; December—January, Botha in Herb. Forest Devt. 2929, 2934;

Legat in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 9711; by stream at Potatobush, c. 4750 ft., January, Burit-

Davy 1193; Eastivood in Colonial Herb. 1286; Woodbush, 4900 ft. October, O'Connor

in Herb. Forest Dept. 2198: Lane-Poole in Herb. Forest Dept. 547; Grenfell in Colonial

Herb. 1112; without collector in Herb. Forest Dept. 542.

Known as the Cape Plane, Roothout, Machailo, Root Yzerhout, Morelle.

O. Holstii (Engl. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ostafr. c. 273),

A tree of timber size. Bark rough. Branchlets varying in colour from light to dark

brown, scarcely pustulate, not flaking. Leaves deciduous, 5-8 cm. long, 0° 8-2 om. broad,

lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base into a short petiole, mid-

rib distinct above and beneath, lateral veins not evident, with the margins serrated and with

the serrations very erect, elabrous. Inflorescence on short shoots in abbreviated racemes,

up to 7-flowered. Pedicels 1°3°2°7 cm. long, terete, articulated 1-3 mm. from the base.

Sepals 1 em. long, lengthening in the fruit, 0°5 em. broad, elliptic, rounded at the apex,

glabrous (in dried specimens the folding of the sepals gives them the appearance of being

acuminate). Petals 8 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, obovate, rounded at the apex, narrowed

at the base into a short broad claw. Filaments 5 mm. long; anthers 2 mm. long, oblong

in outline, dehiscine by apical slits. Ovary of 4—5 carpels Bipot 1 mm. long; style 6 mm.

long ; stigma globose, faintly lobed. Fruit ellipsoid, attached to the torus at one end.

Eastern Recron.—Tembuland, Engcobo Mtn., Flanagan 2696. Natal: Ngoii,

Tustin in Herb. Forest Dept. 3115; Ingeli Forest Reserve, December—January, Chilvers in

Herb. Forest Dept. 1944, 1946; Tustin in Herb. Forest Dept. 2907, 2984.

TRANSVAAL.—Pietersburg Div.: Woodbush, December, Botha in Herb. Forest Dept-

2935; 4960 ft., November, O'Connor in Herb. Forest Dept. 2197; without collector in

National Herb. 1242. Dy deniburg Div.: Pilgrims Rest, Van der Merwes Bush, 5400-5750

{t.. January, Burlt-Davy 1408 ; Drakensberg at Pilgrims Rest, Collector (?) in Herb. Forest

Dept. 5 549. Barberton Div.: Barberton, Rogers 14996.

This tree flowers in November and sets its fruits in January, The sawyers call it the

‘veal red pear” as distinct from Scolopia. In the Woodbush it is known as ~ rool

yzerhout.”

O. natalitia (Engl. et Gilg. in Enel. “ Bot. Jahrb.,” 33, 236; name only).

Large shrub or small! tree. Branches usually with prominent lenticels, often numerous?

but not appearing lepidote to the naked eve. Leaves subsessile, 2-9 em. long, 0°5-2°5 em.

broad, usually lemozalatte, more rarely lanceolate-elliptic or lanceolate-linear, cuneate or

shghtly narrowed at the base, very rarely rounded at the base, obtuse or rounded at the

apex, With serrated, very rarely entire margins, with the teeth usually incurved ; the

mid-rib distinct above and beneath and the lateral vein evident. inflorescence either

solitary or 2-nate from the apex of short shoots, or 2-5-nate arising in the axils of the leaves,

very rarely in abbreviated racemes. Pedicels 0°4-1°5 em. long, articulated at the base or

1 mm. from the base. Sepals 7-8 mm. long, 4°5-5°5 mm. broad, elliptic or rounded at the

apex. Petals 0°9-1:2 cm. sone, 6-7 mm. broad, obovate, narrowed at the base. Filaments

1-5-2 mm. long ; anthers 1°5-2°5 mm. long, oblong in outline. Ovary of 5-9 carpels: style

4°5-6°5 mm. long ; stigma either discoid or stigmas as many ag the earpels. ae 0:°8-1-4

cm. long, 5-9 mm. in ‘diame ster, ellipsoid, more rarely subglobose.—-0. atropurpired, Var.

natalitia, * Flora Capensis,’ I, 448; Sim, “ Forest and Forest Flora, p. 163.

Coast Recion.—Uitenhage Div.: Uitenhage, May, H. and Z. 935; Motinsele Forest,

December, Fegen in Herb. Forest Dept. 1816, 1818.

HasteRN Recion.— Natal: Berea, 200 {t., August, Wood 10060; Wood in Natal

Govt. Herb. 10062, 10064 ; without precise locality, Wood 6418; near Durban, Wood 72

Benvie, Karkloof, 4000-500 ft. Wyhe in Natal Govt. Herb. 10826 ; (Wood 10034); Umzin-

yati, 200-500 ft., October, Wood 11458; without precise locality, Cooper 1252

ORANGE Free Stare: HKlandshoek, September, Rogers in Herb. Transvaal Museum

lel

2587

SwazILANp.—Komassan Valley, Havelock Concession, July, Galpin 983.

TRANSVAAL. Without precise locality, Miss Stent, in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8779.

Pietersburg Div.: The Downs. Rogers 22133; Tzaneen, Rogers 12540. Barberton Div. :

Umvoti Creek, near Barberton, 3000 ft., Noweunlban, Galpin 660; Rogers 20267; Nelspruit,

October, Breyer in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 17701; between White River and Nelspruit,

Burtt-Davy 1510; Carolina, September, Roberts in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 15874.

O. leptoclada (Oliv., “Fl. Trop. Afr.” I. 318).

A bush, 2-3 ft. high (Galpin). Branches somewhat pustulate with ash-grey bark and

with the epidermis peeling eff in membranous flakes. Young leaves 2°5-6:5 cm. long, 0°6-1

cm. broad, janet subacute, tapering at the base, with serrated margins, sometimes

subentire. Mature leaves 5-115 em. long, 1:4-3:°4 em. broad, mostly oblanceolate, some-

times lanceolate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, usually long-attenuate at the base, more

rarely only narrowed. with the mid-rib prominent above and beneath, and the lateral veins

distinct, with serrated margins, rarelv subentire. Inflorescence mostly unbellate on

abbrevieted shoots, 3—4- Gannon, sometimes flowers solitary. Pedicels 1-2°5 cm. long,

articulated at the very base. Sepals 7 nm. long, 5 mm. broad, obovate or elliptic, rounded

at the apex. Petals 1 cm. long, +5 cm. broad, obovate, rounded at the apex, narrowed into

a claw atthe base. Milaments 3°51mm. long ; anthers 1°5 mm. long, oblong-linear. Ovary of 5

carpels ; style 4:5 mm. long ; stigma capitate. Writ about 6 mm. in diameter, subglobose.

TRANSVAAL.— Barberton Div.: Barberton, November, Rogers 18264, and im Herb.

Transvaal Mus. 15976; mountain sides, Moodies, near Barberton, September—October,

3500 ft. Galpin 590; mountains near Barberton, Bolus 7693. Lydenburg Div.: Pilgrims

Rest, c. 3500 ft., October, Rogers, 23068, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 20541.

tHODESIA.—North-West Rhodesia: Pemba, 3500 ft., October, Rogers 8579; Ndola,

October, Allen, 304; Chilanga, 3500 ft. Rogers 8455. Umtali Div. : Odanzi River Valley,

Teague 399, 497.

Brucian Congo: Hlisabethville, 4800 ft., Rogers 10194.

O. atropurpurea [1°C. in “Ann. Mus. Par.,” XVII (1811), 412).

Small shrub, 8-5 ft. high. Branches densely covered with prominent lenticels giving

Ne m a lepidote appearance to the naked eye. Leaves subsessile, 0'8—5 em. long, O-4-1'9

: i onl usually elliptic, rarely elliptic-ovate, clliptic-oblong, or elliptic-lanceolate, more

cnt ianecolites obtuse, rounded or shehtly narrowed at the base, with serrated mareims

and the teeth usually triangular erect and acute, more rarely incurved, with the mid-vib

prominent above, and lateral veins evident. Flowers solitary at the apex of short shoots,

very rarely 2-nate. Pedicels 1-1'5 em. long, articulated at the base or about 1 mm. from the

base. Sepals 6-7 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, elliptic, elliptic-ovate or elliptic-oblong,

rounded at the apex. Petals 0°9-1°3 em. long, obovate, cuneate at the base. Filaments

2-2°75 mm. long ; anthers 2-35 mm. long, oblong or linear in outline. Ovary of 5-6 carpels ;

style 5-7 mm. long; stigmas as many as the carpels. Fruit 7 nun. long, about 5 mm. in

diameter, subglobose —‘ Flora Capensis,” I, 448; Sim, “ Forests and Forest Flora,’ p. 163,

pl. xxix, fig. 2.

Care Provinen.—Caledon Div. : Genadendal, 2500 ft., April, Schlechter 7749 ; Bedford,

June, Miss Nicol 49. Knysra Div.: Woods at Knysna, Newdigate in Herb. Albany Museum ;

Watton in National Herb. 1419. Port Elizabeth Div.: Van Stadens, September, Mrs.

Patterson 737, MacOwan in Cape Govt. Herb. Albany Div.: Howisons Poort, near

Grahamstown, MacOwan in Herb. Austro-Afric. 1766; Rockliffe, near Sidbury, November,

Miss Daly 77) ; Grahamstown Commonage, 2000 ft., September, Schonland 570: rocky

hills near Graham:etown, 2000-250) ft., Angust, Galpin 48 ; near Grahamstown, September,

MacOwan 111; and in Natal Govt. Herb. 850; January, Breyer in Herb. Transvaal Mus.

16866; Signal Hill, near Grahamstown, 2200 ft., September, Bolus 1920. Queenstown

Div. : Among rocks on hillside, Junction Farm, Queenstown, 2500 [t., Wiss Weqgill in Herb.

Galpin 8257. East London Div.: East London, December, Breyer in Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 19544. Komgha Div.: Wood near Prospect Farm, November, Flanagan 322.

Stockenstrom: Div.: In bush at Willisdale, September, Scully 77; Kat River, Bevtels ;

Katberg Forest, January, Stapels in Herb. Forest Dept. 2937, 2938 Stutterheim Div. :

Stutterheim, December, Rogers 12726; Transkei, Umtata, Convent School Herb. 194 ;

Kentani, 1200 ft., October, Miss Pegler 194; rocky spots near Bazya, 2000 ft., October,

Baur 258 ; Maseko Forest, Negeleni, December, Fegen in Herb. Forest Dept. 1819; Pondo-

land, Mgazama River, near McAllister’s Drift, Port St. Johns, Miller in Herb. Forest Dept.

3024.

Natat.— Near Umkomaas River, October, Tyson 2659 ; Natal Bay, Gueimzius ; without

locality, Wood 190.

ZULULAND.—Qudeni Forest, 6000 ft., January, Davis 108.

TRANSVAAL.— Barberton Div.: Near Barberton, September, Bolus. A small stunted .

shrub. Plentiful on edge of forest, but does not appear to seed freely (Fegen).

Var. angustifolia, Phillips. Differs from the type in having smaller, narrower lanceolate

leaves.

TRANSVAAL.— Barberton Div.: Margin of wood, upper Moodies, 4500 ft., June, Galpin

963, and in Natal Government Herb. 8761. Ermelo Div.: Nooitgedacht, December, Mrs.

Pott 5096, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 14933. Lydenburg Div.: Between Pilgrims

Rest and Sabi, Rogers 23410.

Swazitanp.—Havelock Concession, Saltmarsh in Herb. Galpin. A shrub 3 ft. high

(Galpin).

O. pretoriensis, Phillips (‘‘ Flowering Plant &. Afr.,” vol. 11).

Branchlets with light to dark-brown bark, peeling in membranous strips, not distinctly

pustulate. Leaves 1°5-3°8 em. long, 0°5-1'7 cm. broad, lanceolate, obovate, elliptic, or

oblanceolate (mostly oblanceolate), ohtuse at the apex, cuneate, more rarely rounded at the

base, with serrated margins and with the mid-rib distinct and lateral veins evident. Flowers

solitary, very rarely 2-nate, arising at the apex of abbreviated shoots. Pedicels 1-1°5 em.

long, articulated at the base or 1-2 mm. above the base. Sepals 7-8 mm. long, 4-5 mm.

broad, ovate or elliptic, rounded at the apex, sometimes 2—3-lobed at the apex, enlarging

in fruit. Petals 1°5 cm. long, 8°5 mm. broad, oboyate, rounded at the apex, narrowed at

)

the base into a claw. Filaments 4°5 mm. long; anthers 2 mm. long, oblong in outline.

Ovary of 4-5 carpels: stvle 5 mm. long; stigmas as many as the carpels. Fruit 7-8 mm. long,

5-6 mm. broad, more o: less ellipsoid.

TRANSVAAL. — Pretoria Diy. : Below River Redoubt, Daspoort Rand, October (fruits),

Pole Evans 157; Pretoria, December (fruits), Nelson in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 11709 ;

February (fruits), Miss Leendertz 65, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 4199 ; November (flowers)

Miss Leendertz 301; Meintjes Kop, March (fruits), Pole Evans 353; Kopje near Gezina,

Phillips in National Herb. 1422; Fouche in National Herb, 1491; Moorddrift, October

(fruits), Leendertz 2131, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 7333; Rikatla, October (fruits),

Junod 147, and wm Herb. Transvaal Mus. 20146: near Messina, c. 1800 ft., November

(fruits), O'Connor im Herb. Forest Dept. 1936; Messina, October (fruits), Rogers 19398,

20029, 19244, and an Herb. Transvaal Mus. 17762.

IBLE, (GlBINUS: OULIONTA

JOAN HormmmyeR: and H. PY RPaiiLiies, MA., DSc, HLS,

Division of Botany, Pretoria.

THE genus Olina was founded by Thunberg in 1799 (* Roem. Archi,” IT, i, 4, 1799), and

belongs to the natural order Lythrarieae. The genus contains imporvant forest trees,

and was first dealt with in this connection by Sim in his * Forests and Forest Flora,” p. 227.

Sim only recognized one species, viz. O. cymosa, but divided this into three varieties, as

follows :-—

Var. latifolia, mostly in the Western Province.

Var. intermedia, found in the Midland Conservancy and sparingly elsewhere.

Var. acuminata, the common form in the Eastern and Transkeian Conservancies.

The examination of all the material in the South African herbaria has led us to regard

var. latifolia and var. intermedia as belonging to the species O. cymosa, and var. acuminata

as a distinet species which Klotzsch first named O. acuminata. The leaf characters which

Sim gives for the first two varieties are not constant in the areas in which they are stated

to occur, and we have failed to find even constant varietal characters. The var. acwminat:

which has again been raised to specific rank can easily be distinguished from O. cymosa

by the shape of the petals and, to a lesser degree, by the shape of the leaves. In the former

the petals are “linear-spathulate” (PI. I, figs. 2, 3), while in the latter (O. cymosa) the petals

are ~ obovate-spathulate ” (Pl. I, figs. 2, 3). These characters, in conjunction with its

distinct distribution, all point to the tree being quite distinct from 0. cymosa. tis the plant

which Sim has figured on Plate LX XII in his work cited above.

In the “ Index Kewensis ” two other specific names are mentioned, viz. O. ternata, Gilg

and O. micrantha, Dere. As no other descriptions of these were available in South Africa,

the Director of Kew was asked for assistance. In a letter from Kew received in January,

1921, it is stated that ~ the name O. fernata, Gilg 1s apparently not yet published but Gile

determined a specimen himself collected by Mrs. H. Hutton at Howisons Poort near

Grahamstown as this species.” There can be no doubt that this is O. cymosa. From the

description of O. ternata, Deene., kindly sent to us by the Director of Kew, we also have no

hesitation in confirming this to be O. cymosa. Decaisne founded his description on Burchell

3592, which was not represented i in any of the South African herbaria. Another species

from Zululand and East Pondoland was named by Dr. Stapf as O. radiata but the name has

not been published. As this name is now known to foresters. we do not propose to

change it.

The Curator of the Botanical Department of the British Museum was good enough

to furnish a scrap of Welwitsch 991 collected at Huilla and stated to be O. cymosa, but an

examination of this makes it very doubtful whether O. cymosa does occur in tropical

Africa. This has now been confirmed by Kew, as the Director writes : ~ Welwitsch 991

is not represented at Kew, but reference to the British Museum material leads us to agree

that it is distinct from O. cymosa. It very closely resembles O. wsambarensis (Holst 9115).

Through the courtesy of the Forest Department, we have been able to give some notes

on two of the species, O. cymosa and O. radiata.

Mr. J. D. Keet, District Forest Officer, Knysna, writes regarding O. cymosa: “‘ Found

in all forests in Knysna and Zitzikamma Districts, mostly in forests on the coastal plateau

at elevations of 700 to 900 ft. approximately, less frequent in the forests on the foothills

and mountain ravines and scarce in the coastal scrub. Its total range is from 300-400 to

2000 ft. approximately. It is comparatively intolerant of shade and superflous soil moisture,

and generally avoids cool slopes, ravines, low-lying ground, and streams. It 1s often a fore-

runner of the forest-hke * Keur’ (Virgilia capensis), “ Beech’? (Myrsine melanophleos), etc., and

like the Sneezewood (Ptaeroxylon utile), it prefers the crests of ridges, rocks, and stony

eround. Other conditions being suitable, it grows equally well on ‘soils originating from

Table Mountain Sandstone, Bokkeveld, Conglomerate, and old sand-dunes (2), The - ‘result

is that it is found mostly on ridges on the north and west slopes near the crest of a ridge,

the edge of the forest, and frequently in small groups or as isolated trees in the * fijnbos.’

It is a medium-sized tree in height and usually in bole. The thickest 1 have measured

is 15 ft. in girth, the largest bole 32 ft., and the ereatest height 70 ft. (estimated). The

thicker trees are often somewhat gnarled, fluted, and buttressed, and with unsound heart-

wood. Where exposed to the full light it forms full-foliaged and much-branched symeteical

crowns on low stems. This is oenerally the case in older trees which have been a fore-

runner of the forest. The bark is thin, usually dark, and decorticating in scales oo the lower

part of stems of older trees ; sometimes reddish or brownish pigment shows in the cracks

and under the scales. Bark on the smaller branches smooth and grey. At a glance in the

forest the bark may sometimes be confused with that of * Quar’ (Plectronia obovala). The

wood is used in wagon work (such as felloes, spokes, long-wagon poles), fencing and tele-

graph poles, railway sleepers, furniture, etc. The plant coppices freely, and coppice shoots

are vigorous on small and medium sized trees, but usually too dense, in which case all may

die back at a height of 6-8 ft.. wher fewer will reach pole size in twenty to twenty-five

years. On stools of trees felled in 1917 at Harkerville the coppice 13 now 6-8 ft. high. Seed:

lmgs ocew sparingly in open space in worked-out forests and in the * fijnbos’ edge, but

are absent in dense forest. Several attempts to germinate the seeds in nurseries have

either failed completely or given very poor results, Seedlings and saplings in the forest

are fairly fast growing. In the forest a rough and ready test by which the tree may be

re -cognized 1s the strong pr ussic acid or almond smell of the leaves, twigs, freshly -cut bark,

and sapwood. The name * mountain hard pear’ is apphed to this species.”

O. radiata. This is said to be the largest tree growing in the Ingeli Forest, and is over

12 ft. girth at breast high. The District Forest Officer, Transkeian_ Conservancy, reports

“that the bark has a strong almond-like smell, and when placed in water turns it a blue-

black’colour. The wood is used for felloes.” Forester Fegen, in submitting specimens of the

tree, states: ~ This tree grows to a large size and is very plentiful in the Izinja, Ngododo,

Qakama, Maseko, and neighbouring forests, and is not found elsewhere in the district.

The young wood is quadrangular, usually red in colour, as are the leaves. Flowers white

with a tinge of purple in small dense clusters. Fruit plum-shaped, reddish purple in colour

when ripe, is eaten by birds, and I hear by natives. The tree flowers about November

and the fruit is ripe about July. The wood is reported to be hard and durable, but nothing

is really known about the tree here. Young trees and saplings are used by the natives.”

Forester Leigh gives the native name of the tree as “ umpanzi, and states that sawyers

confuse this with * umpanzite ” (Phyllanthus amapodensis) as the wood is the same. It

is fairly abundant in the Ntsubane Forest. Forester Leigh also states that he only knows

of it growing between Umsikaba and Umzimhlava Rivers, and that it is a lar ge Semi- deciduous

tree 60-70 ft. high with a girth of 10-12 ft. Old trees grow out in ribs near the ground.

Used for wagon work (naves, felloes, etc.), and believed to make a good charcoal. It is

plentiful in parts of the Ntsubane Forest, but on the whole scarce.

O. acuminata. We have not been able to obtain any special information about this

species, but in the Woodbush Forest, Pietersburg, Transvaal, it is known as * roodebosje.”

The distribution of the three species found. in South Africa is fairly well defined,

oO le

Plate .

Olinia cymosa, Thunb.

100

Olina cymosa extends from the Cape Peninsula along the coastal belt as far as the

Kei mouth, beyond which we have no record of its occurrence. MacOwan collected the

species at Somerset Hast, which is the only record of its inland occurrence.

Olima radiata, Is found in the Pondoland forests and extends as far as Ingeli in

Natal.

Olinia acuminata. This is an inland species. The most southern record is at Queens-

town, and from there it extends to the slopes of the Drakensberg in East Griqualand to

the mountainous districts of the eastern Transvaal (Barberton), and occurs again in the

Woodbush Forest in the Pietersburg District. An outlier of the species is recorded from the

Magaliesberg in the Transvaal.

The flowers are largely infected by a Hemiptera larva which appears to arrest their

development, which is reflected in the length of the calyx-tube. In some specimens the

calyx-tube is much longer than the petals, in other it equals the petals, while specimens

are found in which the calxy-tube is shorter than the petals. All gradations are found

even on the same specimen. 5

Two specimens of O. cymosa differ shghtly from the other specimens of the species

examined in that the petals are rounded at the apex and not bluntly pointed (Hast London,

Rattray 840, Somerset Kast, Bolus 1772), but im specimens collected by Flanagan near the Kei

mouth both forms of petals occur.

KEY TO SPECIES

iRetalsmobowvave-spavnlll ate nent eereeiss teri te CYMOoSA.

Petals linear-spathulate.

Inflorescence lax, about half as long as the subtending

J aifises senaiest cice aptaer arese eteuer aussie ote shecareee a ews eae acuminata.

Inflorescence compact very much shorter than the

Sulbtencimowleatnnennann nnn nace eee radiata,

Olinia cymosa, Thunb., “ Flora Capensis,” 194. (Plate I.)

Branches glabrous. Leaves 3°7 em. long, 1-3°5 em. broad, lanceolate, obovate, elliptic,

acuminate, obtuse, sometimes rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base into a distinct

petiole, margins entire, sometimes wavy, glabrous, green and shiny above, paler beneath.

Inflorescence axillary, a dense trichotomous cyme, very much shorter than the subtending

leaf. Bracts opposite. same length as the flowers, often deciduous. Penduncles minutely

pubescent. Calyx-tube 1-6 mm. long, glabrous or minutely hairy with five minute t teeth.

Petals five, inserted at the throat of the tube, about one-third the length of the calyx,

rarely equalling it, spathulate, acute or obtuse at the apex, with a alnesien of hairs at the

base. Scales five incurved, alternating with the sepals, minute, obovate, densely hairy.

Stamens five, adnate to calyx below the scales ; filaments very short. Ovary inferior, five-

celled, with three pendulous ovules from a central placenttim in each cell; style subulate ;

stigma obtuse. Jilp wit globose, 1 em. in diameter.—* Flora Capensis,’ II, 520, Excl. var.

acuminata; Sim, “ Forest and Forest Flora,” 227, Excl. var. acwminata, pl. LXXT1, fig. 14.

CapE.—Slang Kuil, Table Mountain, October, MacOwan in Herbarviwm Austro-

africanum 9217 ; Kirstenbosch, Table Mountain, November, December, Harvey, July, Zeyher

179 and 244; Aueust, L. Kensit in Herb. Bolus Austro- africane 10748; Table Mountain,

Aueust, M. Page in Herb. Afric. Bolusianum 1633; Devil's Peak, September, Zeyher ;

Buel August, October, Drege; Hottentot Hollands Mts.. July, Zeyher; Swellendam,

Voormansbosch, October, Zeyher ; Grootvadersbosch, October, Pappe 130, Zeyher, 2434 ;

Knysna, Commonage forests, August, J. D. Keet in Herb. Forestry Dept. 2336; May, Scolt-

Elliot in Forest Dept. Herb. 1349; Collector (2) Forest Dept. Herb. 1350. Port Elizabeth :

September, 1. 1. Drege in Herb. Albany Museum 541; August, F. Paterson in Herb. Afri-

camium Bolusianum 2320, 2819, 1155; August, Dom. Honseley in Herb. Albany Museum.

Humansdorp: Aueust, 4. A. Rogers im “Herb, Albany Musewm 3016. Van Stadens :

September, 7. V. Paterson in Herb. Albany Museum 230. Bethelsdorp: September, 7. V.

101

Plate U1.

Hella Gower.

Olinia acuminata, Klotz.

102

Paterson in Herb. Albany Museum 2151. Somerset East: November, H. Bolus 1772.

Grahams‘own : “ Amos’s Vil,’ MacOwan 349; August, September, #. EL. Galpin in Herb.

Albany Museum 88. Howisons Poort : September, Schonland 818; Zeyher 2465. Kast

London : October, Geo. Rattray in Herb. Albany Museum 840, Kei Mouth, July, Flanagan

2341.

Olinia acuminata, Klotz in “ Otto and Dieti. Allg. Gartenz,” IV (1836), 27 (PI. I).

Branches glabrous. Leaves 2-3 cm. long. 05-15 em. broad, lanceolate, elliptic,

acuminate, narrowed at the base into a more or less distinct petiole, with entire margins,

glabrous. green and shiny above, paler beneath. Inflorescence an axillary trichotomous

cyme, alittle shorter than the subtending leaf. Bracts deciduous. Calyx-tube 2-9 mm. long,

glabrous or minutely pubescent, with five minute teeth. Petals five, inserted at the throat

of the calyx-tube, about one-third the length of the calyx, linear, rounded at the apex,

with a small tuft of hairs at the base. Scales five, incurved, alternating with the petals,

minute, obovate, densely hairy. Stamens five, adnate to calyx below the scales ; filaments

very short. Ovary inferior, five-celled, with three pendulous ovules from a central placentum

in each cell; style subulate ; stigma obtase. Fruit globose, 3 mm. in diameter.—* Flora

Capensis,” IT, 520, O. cymosa, var. acuminata; Sim, “ Forests and Forest Flora,” 227.

CapE.—Queenstown, Rockwood, Bongolo, February, #. H. Galpin 2500. Transkei,

Kaftraria, January, 7. R. Sim 2026; June, 2099.

Natat.—Maclear, Pot. River Berg, March, L. EL. Galpin 6628, 6629; Drakensberg,

May, J. Medley Wood 4957 ; Giant’s Castle, June, R. LH. Simons in Herb. Trans. Museum

15965.

TRANSVAAL.—Barhberton, Upper Moodies, January, #. E. Galpin 1275; Rustenburg,

January, Olive Nation in Herb. Bolusianum 1906 ; Magalishere, Zeyher 494; Woodbush,

northern Transvaal, January, 0. J.O. O°’ Connor in Forest “Dept. Herbarium 1458 ; Dulstroom,

January, F. O. Noome in Herb. of Trans. Museum 20812 ; Elandspruitberg, December,

R. Schlechter 3864.

Olinia radiata, sp. nov. (Plate III). Rami glabri. Folia 5-8 em. longa, 1:8-3°8 cm.

lata, lanceolata, obovata, lanceolato-elliptica vel elliptica, subacuminata, apice obtusa

vel aliquando subrotundata, basi angustata. Inflorescentia axillaria, compacta. Pedunculus

minute pubescens. Calyci tubus 1-4 mm. longus, glaber vel minute pubescens. Pefala 1:2

mm. longa, linearia, spathulata, apice Petit, Squamae minutae, obovatae, pilosae.

Branches glabrous. Leaves 5-9 em. long, 1°8-3°8 cm. broad, lanceolate, obovate,

lanceolate-elliptic, or elliptic, mostly subacuminate. obtuse, more rarely rounded at the apex,

narrowed at the base into a more or less distinct petiole, margins entire and usually wavy,

glabrous. Inflorescence axillary, a dense trichotomous cyme, very muck shorter than the

subtending leaf. Bracts opposite, smaller than the flowers, deciduous. Pedwncles minutely

pubescent. Calyx-tube 1-4 mm. long, glabrous, ue minute hairy; teeth very minute.

Petals five, inserted at the throat of the calyx-tube, 1-2 mm. long, linear-spathulate, acute,

with a small tuft of hairs at the base. Scales ae alternating with the petals, minute,

obovate, densely hairy. Stamens five, adnate to the calyx below the scales; filaments

very short. Ovar u inferior, five-celled, with three pendulous. ovules from a central placentum

in cach cell; style subulate, stigma obtuse. Mature fruit globose, 1°8 cm. in diameter.

Transrrt: Ngadodo Forest, Ngqeleni, November, Fegen in Herb. Forest Dept. 2286,

and in Government ‘Herb. 18361; September, Fegen in Herb. Forest Dept. 2490. Ponpo-

LAND: Ngadu Forest Station, May, Van der Vyvier in Herb. Forest Dept. 2472. Lusikisiki

Dist. : Sea aioval Forest, A. Leigh in Herb. Forest Dept. 2051, 1553; Mpanzi, February,

A. Leigh in. Herb. Forest Dept. 1839. Natau: Ingeli Forest Station, November, C. W.

Chilvers in Herb. Forest Dept. 1942 ; Impetyne, February, J.S. Henkel in Herb. Forest Dept.

2382,

Plate IIT.

AW . \N

WN NA

DADA GSN

. =< “\\. SAN

NY: re

Stdla Gewer.

Otinia radiata, Phill. and Hofmeyr.

104

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate I.—Olinia cymosa, Thunb.

Fig. 1. Portion of branch.

Fig. 2. Flower.

Fig. 3. Longitudinal section of flowers showing stamens, scales, ovary, and style.

Fig. 4. Scale.

Fig. 5. Cross-section of ovary.

Fig. 6. Stamen.

Figs. A, B, C. Types of leaves.

Plate IL.—Olinia acuminata, Klotz.

Fig. 1. Portion of branch.

Vig. 2. Flower.

Fig. 3. Longitudinal section of flower.

Fig. 4. Scale.

Fig. 5. Stamen.

Fig. 6. Cross-section of ovary.

Plate I1I.—Olinia radiata, Phill. and Hofmeyr.

Fig. 1. Portion of branch.

Fig. 2. Flower.

Vig. 3. Longitudinal section of flower.

Vig. 4. Seale.

Fig. 5. Stamen.

Fig. 6. Stamen and seale.

Fig. 7. Cross-section of ovary.

IEE GENUS OYCILOIRLA, Wiswa

By JOS Ilona amd 18, 12 iRise, IWAN. IDSSNe,, IBILSS\.

Division of Botany, Pretoria.

TuHE genus Cyclopia was founded by Ventenat in 1808. Two years later a plant, now

known as Cyclopia genistoides, was figured i in the Botanical Magazine, t. 1259, and described

as the es of a new genus, viz. Ibbetsonia. In 1825 the genus C yclopia was dealt with

in De Candolle’s “ Prodromus ” (Vol. II, p. 101), and three species described, and it was

not until 186] that Harvey revised the genus in the ~ Flora Capeusis ” (Vol. I, p. 6). Since

Harvey s account nothing has been written on the genus, but in the interval much material

has accumulated in local herbaria which extends our knowledge of the species.

Several species of Cyclopic have become of some commercial value locally as the source

of “bush tea,” and it was with the object of clearly defining the known species as a

foundation on which any future experimental work might be based that this revision of the

genus was undertaken.

Harvey in the ~ Flora Capensis ” recognized nine species, but our examination of all

the available local material has led us to subdivide the genus into twelve very distinct

species. The species are all shrubs with ternate, very often revolute leaves. and yellow

flowers. They are mostly confined to the Western Province and the south-eastern regions,

but one species extends as far as Port Elizabeth. According to observations made by

Forest Officers, most of the species grew well in all situations and soils, except on stiff

clayey soils. The cultivation of the species used as “ bush teas” should be experimented

with, and should not prove difficult, though the young seedlings may require some shelter

until firmly established.

The method at present used for preparing “ bush teas” for local consumption is to hea?

the leaves in an oven for about an hour to produce “ sweating,” after which they are dried

in the sun. When thoroughly dry the leaves and smaller twigs are removed from the

stem and larger branches, packed, and sold under various names. If the demand for

~ bush tea ~ is sufficiently great, cultivation trials will be justified, as it may then be possible

to put a superior article on the local market.

Our thanks are due to the Curators of the Albany Museum Herbarium, the Cape

Government Herbarium, the Transvaal Museum Herbarium, and the Forest Demantanent

for Base ing us to examine the material in their respective herbaria.

. genistoides. The District Forest Officer, Elgin, Caledon District, reports: “* This

ee grows on the slopes of mountains and hills, ‘and is found in fairly large quantities

on the Groenland Range, near Elgin. It grows s to approximately « 3 ft.in height. The leaves

and flowers are sun-dried,” Known as “ honey-tea.””

C. tenwifolia. The District Forest Officers, Elgin, Caledon District, reports: “ This

species is not unlike the * Loney tea’ (C. genistoides); the flowers are similar in colour

and appearance, but the leaves are finer and longer. It is sun-dried before being used,

and has a stronger flavour.” Known as “ vlei tea.”

106

CU. brachypoda. The Wistrict Forest Officer, Elgin, Caledon District, reports: “ The

leaves are broader and longer than the other two species (C. genistoides and CO. tenvifolia).

It also flowers later. It is found in large quantities throughout the Caledon and Swellendam

Districts, and shares popularity with ‘ honey tea’ (C. genistoides) as a heverage amongst

the poorer classes. It is prepared in a similar manner to * honey and vlei tea,’ known as

* Heidelberg tea.’ ”

C. subternata. The District Forest Officer at Grootvadersbosch, Swellendam District,

reports: “This variety is known as the ‘common bush tea,’ and thrives abundantly

along the slopes of the Langeberg Mountain Range in the Divisions of Swellendam and

Riversdale, and large quantities are available each year. The flowering season is generally

in the month of August. Large quantities are collected on private sround, the bulk of

which is used by poor whites and coloured people, very little being sold owing to the small

amount (13d. per tb.) offered by local buyers after preparation.” A form of this species

is known as ~ Hottentot’s tea,” and according to the District Forest Officer at Groot-

vadersbosch, ~ only small quantities of this tea can be found growing, especially in the

heart of the Langeberg Mountain Range. Flowering season in August. Very little tea

is collected annually.”

C. Ashton. The District Forest Officer at Grootvadersbosch, Swellendam District.

states : “ This tea, like C. subternata, thrives well along the mountain slopes of the Langeberg,

but prefers the damper places. Consequently, the only large patches are found on the

mountain side. The flowering season is about November, which is practically the only

time that this tea is collected, and then only in small quantities.” Locally known as

~ viei tea.”

C. Burtonu. The Conservator of Forests, Knysna, reports: “It 1s known in the

Zwartberg Mountains as‘ heuning or sugar tea. The shrub grows to a height of 14-18 in.,

and is only found in a few places on the Zwartberg Mountains. Apparently i it grows at

a higher altitude than the ordinary © bush tea, and appears able to stand the frost better.”

CYCLOPIA, Vent.

Erect branched shrubs. Leaves sessile, palmately trifoliate ; leaflets narrow-linear,

lanceolate or very rarely ovate, glabrous or pubescent, frequently with revolute margins ;

stipules none. Peduncles axillary, one-flowerea, with two, rarely three, bracts at the base.

Flowers bright yellow. Calyx subequally 5-cleft, with an intruse base. Vexillwm roundish,

plaited at the base and with a short claw; alae oblong, with a transverse fold; carina

incurved, obtusely rostrate, with a small triangular pocket. Stamens separate or slightly

connate at the base ; filaments dilated. Ovary olabrous, several ovuled. Legume oblong,

compressed, with coriaceous valves.

KEY TO SPECIES.

Plants glabrous or nearly so.

Leaflets flat or with slightly recurved margins.

IEMA) WM oon.9 a00.008000005006.0059000000000000000000000000000000000 1. Burtonii.

Bracts two.

Leaflets ovate, cordate or truncate at the base.......... Pee oat 2. latifolia.

Leaflets elliptic, oblong or sublanceolate-linear, obtuse or acute.

Pedicels exceeding the small obtuse or acute bracts; lobes of

the calyx equalling the tube or rarely shorter............ 3. sublernata.

Pedicels the same length as the bracts; the lobes of the calyx

exceedingythe tubes crine ete ierdieiese nnn rtroeiets 4. brachypoda.

Leaflets linear or filiform with strongly revolute margins.

IANS WOAY |OKEKCL, OWE. 00000cvscocoeddo 09 aNHOODDOUVODONEER 5. tenuifolia.

Bractsy boatshapedsmacucemermrmtrnt lite tistit ier htt nnet tt en enrcn 6. genistoides.

107

Plants villous or pubescent at least on the younger parts.

BCS) THIEL, MOUNTS! GHG WME BjTB<oconqdacn0dcood0v0vcccsanbmononogddodd 7. pubescens.

Bracts smooth, straight.

Flowers pedicellate.

Calyx glabrous.

Leaflets linear, strongly revolute..........--.:.seeeeeesseurees 8. galioides.

Leaflets narrowly ovate, cordate at the base, slightly revolute.. 9. Ashtonii.

CalliyxdiSObtliypaly aii reyys toh aucierever cts nhetts cacy ste eseusteveueter elie on eostele: creams ay seoenctsite eye 10. Bolusii.

Flowers subsessile.

Gobestorethencaliyx-falcate sjaccecec aad be ame teat am cient eareeiae 11. sessiliflora.

LOS Gi Te EAlhy~x Olollonc, Mow NAleAHe>c0c0000cn00a00000000000000C 12. montana.

1. C. Burtonii, sp. nov.

Rami glabri. Foliola subsessilia, 0°6-1°2 em. longa, 2 mm. lata, lanceolato-elliptica,

apice acuta, plana, marginibus leviter reflexis. Byacteae 3, 1-2 mm. longae, lanceolatac,

apice acutae. Calyx 3 mm. longa; lobi ovato-acuminati. Vexillum 85 mm. longuin,

6 mm. latum, apice acutum; ala oblonga; carina rostrata.

Oudtshoorn Division : Zwartberg Mcuntains, November, Burton ia Herb. Forest Dept.

2914.

A much-branched glabrous shrub, 30-37 em. high. Leaflets subsessile, 0°6-1°2 cm.

long, 2 nm. broad, lanceolate-elliptic, acute at both ends, flat, with slightly reflexed margins.

Bracts three, 1-2 mm. long, lanceolate, acute. equalling the pedicel; one adnate to the

pedicel and smaller than the other two. Calyx 3 mm. long; lobes ovate, acuminate,

longer than the tube. Vewrillum 8°5 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, acute ; alae narrow-oblong ;

carina very obtusely rostrate.

2. C. latifolia (D.C., Predr., 2, p. 101).

Plant glabrous. Stem strongly ribbed. Leaflets sessile, 0°5-2°3 cm. long, 0°3-1°5 cm.

broad, ovate, mucronate, cordate or truncate at the base, with entire slightly recurved

margins ; the middle lea®et the longest. Bracts two, 0°5 cm. long, sharp pointed, as long

as or almost as long as the pedicel, persistent. Pedicel 0°8-1 em. long. Calyx 0°5 cm. long ;

segments acute, slightly falcate, as long as the tube; the lowest segment longer and

minutely toothed at the base.—‘‘ Flora Capensis,” IT, 6.

Cape Division: Table Mountain, October, Bodkin in Herb. Bolus 8038.

3. C. subternata (Vog. Linn. 10, p. 595).

A branched glabrous shrub. Stems ribbed. Leaflets 1°25-3°75 cm. long, 2-5 mm.

broad, elliptic, oblong or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, fat, with reflexed margins. Bracts

two, 2 mm. long, rarely 4 mm. long, broadly ovate, mucronate, shorter than the pedicels.

Pedicel 4-11 mm. long. Calyx 4-5 mm. long; lobes deltoid, obtuse or subacute, as long

as or shorter than the tube.—C. Vogelli, Harv., var. subternata, Harv., “* Flora Capensis,”

ERG:

George Division: Without precise locality, September, District Forest Officer in Herb.

Forest Dept. 3112. Port Elizabeth Division: Port Ehzabeth, Patterson 863; Witte Els

Bosch, Zitzikama, September, Galpin 3899. Riversdale Division: Muis Kraal. near

Garcias Pass, October, Galpin 3900: Phillips in Herb. Musei Austro-Afric. 1991; Toll

House. 1700 ft., October, Bolus 11249. Swellendam Division: Grootvadersbosch, District

Forest Officer in Herb. Forest Dept. 2844, 2845. Cape Division : Capetown. October, Tyson.

Paarl Division: French Hoek, September, Bolus. Tulbagh Division: Witsenberg Vlakte,

November, Zeyher. Knysna Division: Knysna. September, Keet in Herb. Forest Dept.

2539 ; Plettenberg Bay, Zeyher. Ceres Division: Koude Bokkeveld. September, Schlechter

8922, Burchell 5549. Oudtshoorn Division: Zwartbergen, 3000 ft., October, Schlechter

5583. Humansdorp Division: Mountains near Humansdorp, Herb. Bolus 1056; near

French Hoek, c. 2400 ft., November, Bolus 5151 (in this specimen the base of the calyx

is intruse and thus the lobes appear to be longer than the tube.

108

Specimens collected by Gatherstone at Cango and by Kennedy at Humansdorp

compare well with C. subternata, except that they have a split fleshy calyx.

4. C. brachypoda, comb. nov.

A glabrous shrub. Stems ribbed. Leaflets 1°25-2°5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad,

lanceolate or narrow-linear, acute or obtuse, flat, with reflexed slightly wavy margins.

Bracts two, 4-6 mm.-long. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. very acute, as long as the pedicel.

Calyx 5-7 mm. long : lobes longer tha an ee tube, faleate, aiointve.—=C. Vogelii, Harv., var.

brachypoda, Harv., * Flora Capensis,” IT,

Paarl Division : French Hoek, oe Phillips 1097. Tulbagh Division : Witsenberg,

December, Ecklon and Zeyher 1147; September, Zeyher 354.

Var. inter edia. bee and pedicels 1 mm. long. Leaves 6-8 mm. long, 2 mm,

broad, very obtuse. Vogelii, Harv., var. intermedia, « Flora Capensis,” II, 7; C. inter-

media, kK. Mey Com., = Bp, Gieath. Unite Co

Caledon Division : Without precise locality, District Officer in Herb. Forest Dept. 2341.

Riversdale Division: Langeberg, Riversdale, ‘Auoust, Muar 843.

A specimen collected at Elgin in the Caledon Division (Herb. Forest Dept. 2891) compares

well with C. brachypoda, but the material is insufficient to be quite certain of the species.

C. tenuifolia (Lehm. Linn. 5, p. 373).

Plant glabrous. Stem ribbed. Leaflets 1°25—5 cm. long, linear-filiform, with revolute

margins. Bracts two, 3 mm. long, 5 mm. ican folded longitudinally and overlapping

each other, obtuse or truncate, strongly keeled, glabrous without, sparsely hairy within.

Pedicel 1:25-1°75 cm. long, elongating in fruit. Calyx 5 mm. long; lobes as long as

the tube, acute, with slightly woolly margins ; the lowest lobe longer and broader than the

others, minutely toothed at ‘the base. Manuine oblong, with a recurved mucro at the apex;

valves leathery.—* Flora Capensis,” II, 7

Caledon Division: Elgin, October, September, District Forest Officer in Herb. Forest

Dept. 2840, 3114. Swellendam Division: River Zonder Kinde, Zeyher 2257. Riversdale

Division : Corento River Farm, Riversdale, November, Mwir 50, and in Herb. Galpin 5072.

6. C. genistoides (Br. Hort. Kew., ed. 2, vol. 3, p. 5).

Stem ribbed, glabrous or neatly so. Leaflets 1-25-3°75 em. long, narrow-linear. with

strongly revolute margins. Flowers ma dense mass near the ends of the branches. Bracts

5 mm. long, acute and mucronate at the apex, boat-shaped, folded longitudinally, eiabrous

(es

without, with a few scattered hairs on the inner surface. Pedicel 6-8 mm. lone. Calyx

—l11 mm. long ; lobes longer than the tube, broadly faleate, with a mucronate apex, margins

woolly ; lowest segments longer than the others and toothed at the base——‘ Flora

Oapensis,” IT, 7

Caledon Division: Caledon, August, Rogers 11017; October, Bolus; District Forest

Officer in Herb. Forest Dept. 2842. Cape Division: Tokai Plantation, September, Herb

Forest Dept. 1052; Cecelia Plantation, Ross in Herb. Forest Dept. 3113; near ue

October, Bolus 7272 ; Devil’s Peak, November, MacOwan 1113, and in Herb. Musei Austro-

Afric. 6546. Constantia, September, Schlechter 1461. Stellenbosch Division : Stellen-

bosch, October, Mrs. De Jongh in Herb. Galpin 4390. Swellendam Division : Swellendam,

Keklon and Zeyher. Clanwilliam Division: Clanwiluam, Mader in Herb. Austro-Afrie.

C. pubescens (WH. and Z. Enum. No. 1146).

Stem pubescent. Leaflets 125-875 cm, long, about | mm. broad, narrow-linear.

with revolute margins, pubescent, at length becoming almost glabrous. Flowers densely

massed. Bracts 4-6 mm. long, almost as broad, ribbed, acuminate, recurved at the apex

pubescent, shorter than the pedicel. Pedicel 1°25-1°75 cm. long, villous. Calyx 8 mm.

long, pubescent: lobes taper-pointed from a broad base, twice as long as the tube.—

“ Flora Capensis,’ IL, 8.

109

Port Elizabeth Division: Port Elizabeth, September, Drége in Herb. Albany Museum

167.

8. C. galioides (D.C., Prodr. 2, p. 101).

Young branches ribbed, densely villous. at length becoming almost glabrous. Leaflets

arising from a thick flattened node, 1°25-2°5 cm. long, up to 4 mm. broad, linear, with

strongly revolute margirs, with a recurved mucro at the apex, truncate at the base, pubescent

when young. Bracts 4-6 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the pedicel.

Pedicel 2-4 mm. long. Calya 6-13 mm. lone, glabrous ; lobes broadly falcate, acuminate,

longer than the tube —* Flora Capensis,” juil, &

Cape Division: Fish Hoek, May, Bolus in Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric. 67 ; Muizenberg,

Zeyher ; Simonstown, February, Compton.

9. C. Ashtonii, sp. nov.

Rami sericei. Foliola 1°75 cm. longa, 4 mm. lata, basi cordata, marginibus revolutis.

Bracteae 4 mm. longae, ovatae. ciliatae, intus villosae. Calyx 8 mm. longus ; lobi faleati.

Swellendam Division: Langeberg Mountains, Ashton in Herb. Forest Dept. 2843.

Young branches silky. Leaflets from a thick flattened node, up to 1°75 em. long, 4 mm.

broad, thick, cordate at the base, with revolute margins, paler beneath. Bracts 4 mm.

long and slightly broader, ovate, ciliate, villous on the inner surface. Calyx 8 mm. long ;

lobes broadly falcate.

C. Bolusii, sp. nov.

Rami villosi. Foliola 1:2 em. longa, apice mucronata, marginibus revolutis, villosa.

Bractae 6 mm. longae, ovatae, acuminatae, villosae. Pedicellus 7 mm. longus. Calyx

4 mm. longus; lobi faleati, villosi.

Oudtshoorn Division: In stony places at summit of the Zwartberg Pass, December,

Bolus 11465.

A small-branched villous shrub. Leaflets 1:2 em. long, mucronate at the apex, with

strongly revolute margins, villous., Bracts 6 mm. long, broadly ovate, acuminate. villous.

Pedicels 7 mm. long. “Calyx 4 mm. long; lobes broadly faleate.

11. C. sessilifiora (HE. Mey. Com., p. 4).

Young branches and leaves densely villous, at length becoming glabrous. — Leaflel®

1:25 cm. long, linear, with strongly revolute margins, subsessile. Bracts 6 mm. long,

broadly ovate, acuminate. Flowers alate. Calyx softly villous; lobes faleate.—* Flora

Capens:s,” IT, 8.

Caledon Division: Genadendal. December, Schlechter 9826.

12. C. montana, sp. nov.

Rami juniores sericei. Foliola 1:25-2°5 cm. longa, 2 mm. lata, linearia. basi cordata;

marginibus revolutis. Bractae 4-6 mm. longae, ovatae, glabrae. Calyx sericeous,

8 mm. longus; lobus infernus ceteris major.

Tulbagh Division: Sneeuwgat Valley, Great Winterhoek, November, Phillips 1693.

Var. glabra. Calycis glabris difiert.

Ceres Division : Matroosberg, December, Phillips 1943.

Young branches and leaves silky, at length becoming glabrous. Leaflets 1°25-2°5 em.

long, 2 mm. broad, linear. cordate at the bas», with revolute margins. Flowers eis,

Bracts 4-6 mm. long, broadly ovate, glabrous, longer than the pedicel. Calyx 8 mm. long,

densely silky ; the lower segment largest and broadest: the middle segments shortest,

subacute, broadly oblong ciliate.

Var. glabra differs in having a glabrous calyx.

Lee

abl

vati tedL eee

id i#, : Vs “7

iN ane

CONTIN:

PAGE

REVISION OF SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF RHYNCHOSIA...............000- 113

THE GENERA ALOE AND MESEMBRYANTHEMUM...........0s000-0s0cccseeesoes 139

SOUTH AFRICAN GRAMINEAE........ CREPE To ETS coRGEAC HES Gan Ub HERE OTER AD Sone ae aenaG 170

A FUNGUS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ON THE AVOCADO...........-....- 179

SPECIES OF ELEPHANTORRHIZA IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN HERBARIA 187

ie SLONa Oh SOUM Hae VRICAN “SPECIES

OP INIENANCIEIOSIUEY

By Epmunp G, Baker, F.L.S.. Assistant Keeper, Department of Botany, Natural

History Museum, South Kensington.

INTRODUCTION.

AT the request of Dr. I. B. Pole-Evans, C.M.G., and Dr. E. P. Phillips, I have examined

the collection of the genus Rhynchosia from the National Herbarium at Pretoria, and

I have also had an opportunity of seeing the plants of this genus from the Herbaria at

Capetown and Durban, thanks to the courtesy of the Curators of these collections.

I am also much indebted to the Director of the Botanical Museum at Upsala for allowing

me to have the loan of Thunberg’s types, and to Dr. Schinz for kindly sending me portions

of types of many of his species.

Since the publication of the Leguminosae by Harvey in the * Flora Capensis,” in 1861-62,

a considerable amount of additional information has been acquired, and I am glad to take

the opportunity offered to me of placing this on record. It is, perhaps, unnecessary to

discuss in detail publications anterior to ihe “ Flora Capensis.” De Candolle, in the second

volume of his “ Prodromus,” in 1825, described several species of Rhynchosia from South

Africa, among these being R. angustifolia founded on Glycine angustifolia Jacq. and R.

rigidula founded on Burchell No. 2587. The first of these is synonymous with, and must

take precedence of, R. uniflora, Harvey, the second is evidently closely allied to R. Totta,

D.C., but there is a mistake in the Burchell number, and I am unable to find 1% in the Kew

Herbarium. Perhaps the other most important publications anterior to the “Flora” are

EH. Meyer’s “ Commentorium de Planiis Africae australioris’’ and Ecklon and Zeyher’s

“ Enumeration.” Subsequent to the “ Flora” a good many species have been described, and

a few preliminary notes on some of these novelties may not be out of place. In the

“ Journal of Botany,” Vol. XVI, 131 (1878), Mr. Spencer Moore described R. clivorwm

from near Pilgrims Rest. It has been subsequently found in Gazaland by C. F. M. Swynner-

ton. It is a curious species with erect stem, showy flowers, and with the upper calycine

lobes-shorter than the lowest.

In 1888 Dr. Schinz described, in ‘‘ Verhand. Bot. Brand.,” Vol. XXX, two species,

R. hirsuta, rom Olukonda in Amboland, and R. longiflora rom Great Namaqualand, the

latter being allied to R. Totta, D.C., but with‘much finer flowers, and in 1894 the same author

described in “* Bull. Herb. Boiss.,”’ Vol. I], R. Woodii, from Natal, an ally of R. Orthodanum,

Benth. Dr. Harms in 1899, in Engler’s “ Bot. Jahrb.,” Vol. XXVI, described R. komatiensis

from between Spitzkop and the Komati River, and R. longipes, founded on Wilms No. 395,

from Lydenberg. I have compared the latter with the type of R. crassifolia, Benth., and

do not consider it specifically distinct. In 1897, in the “‘ Journal of Botany,” Dr. Schlechter

described the very distinct R. monophylla, and in the same journal, in the same year, Messrs.

Wood and Evans described the equally distinct R. ovata. In 1905 Dr. Schlechter, in “ Ann.

Nat. Hoffmus. Wien,” described three species, R. chrysantha, R. Harmsiana, and R. Penthert.

In 1907, in the ‘‘ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,’ Dr. Schinz described R. connamomea,

R. congestiflora, R. eleqantissima, R. Fleckii, R. namaensis, and R. Rehmanni, and in 1910

114

the same author, in the same publication, described the very distinct R. spectabilis. I am

doubtful whether R. connamomea is distinct from Dolicholus venulosus, Hiern. (R. venulosus,

K. Schum.), and I think R. Rehmanna is synonymous with Fagelia bituminosa, D.C. In 1906

Dr. Bolus, in “ Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc.,” XVI, 383, described the curious and aberrant

Rk. pauciflora. 1 hardly think R. uncinata, Schlechter, from Packhuis Berg, is separable

from R. bullata, Benth. In 1913, in “ Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,” LX, 461, Gandoger quite correctly

segregated the R. memnoma of Harvey, calling the silvery plant with a rigid stem R.

albissuma.

Several plants have been issued with ms. names to which I must allude. Wilms No. 375

I would place as synonymous with R. monophylla, Schlechter; Wilms No. 387 appears to

me to be a form with more angled leaves than usual of R. sgmodes, Benth. I have retained

R. graciliflora, Harms, founded on Wilms No. 367, as a variety of R. Totta, D.C. ; 1% differs

in the shape of the leaflets from the typical form. Quite recently in the ““ Kew Bulletin ”’

Mr. Burtt-Davy described R. wnifoliolata. It is also a close ally of the true R. Totta, D.C.,

but 1s sometimes unifoliolate, and has shorter petioles. A little later in the same publication

he also describes R. confusa, R. Burkei, R. Harmsiana Schl., var. Burchellai, and R. Pentheri

Schl., var. Hutchinsomana. With R. Burkei and R. Pentheri, Schl., var. Hutchinsoniana, he

has associated my name.

NOTES ON TAXONOMY.

Harvey, in the “ Flora Capensis,” arranges the species of Rhynchosia then known to

him in four sections: (i) Chrysoseias ; (ii) Polytropia ; (iii) Copisma; and (iv) Orthodanum.

The first of these is well marked by the character of the inflorescence, which is generally

umbellate, more rarely the flowers are solitary. The leaflets are narrow and either tomentose

or villose below. This section I retain as originally delimited.

The section Polytropia is at once recognized by having pinnate or bipinnate leaves.

But there is a difficulty with regard to rhe sections Copisma and Orthodanum. Certain

plants in these sections are very distinct from one another; ; take, for instance, R. adenodes,

Keklon and Zeyher, and R. minima, D.C., with a distinetly voluble stem, which is the main

character of Harvey’s Copisma, and R. Orthodanum, Benth., which is erect, rigid, and suffru-

ticose, and which is the type of Harvey’s section Orthodanum. But there are certain

intermediate plants which are difficult to place. Take, for stance, R. viscidula, Steud. :

the plant from Little Namaqualand has a somewhat rigid stem and cannot be correctly

placed in Copisma. I have, therefore, thought it advisable to unite the sections Copisma

and Orthodanum, and am calline this section Eurhynchosia.

I have introduced the section Cyanospermum, Benth., for R. cyanosperma, Benth.

It may be easily recognized by the robust voluble stem, the racemose inflorescence, the

broad calycine seemenis, which are densely matted on the back with a grey tomentum,

and the dark blue seeds. I am also tntroducing the section Areyphyllum Torrey and Gray

for two species which occur south of the Tropic. The stem in this section is voluble, the

flowers are in dense, oblong, sessile, subsessile, or pedunculate clusters, and with the calycine

teeth much narrower than in section Cyanospermum.

There are one or two anomalous species which require consideration. One of these

is R. pauciflora, Bolus, with solitary pedicellate flowers and broad calycine lobes. It comes

from the Transvaal and Swaziland. R. ficifolia, Benth., I am excluding from the genus.

It is a Pueraria. Some species from Great Namaqualand such as #. namaensis, Schinz,

I have not included, as it is recorded from Rehoboth, which is just north of the Tropic.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

SECT. I.—CYANOSPERMUM, Benth., in Benth. and Hook “Gen. Plant ” (1865), 543-

Stem voluble, robust. Inflorescence racemose. Calyx as long as or slightly longer than

the corolla, segments rather broad, subequal in length, uppermost connate. Seeds

dark blue.

115

1 R. cyanospermum, Benth., ex Baker in Oliver, ‘“ Fl. Trop. Afr.,” I, 218.

Stems voluble, robust, densely grey or ferruginous-pubescent when young. Stipules

ovate, pubescent. eaves trifoliolate ; leaflets coriaceous ; terminal leaflet ovate or sub-

orbicular, below densely grey-tomentose ; lateral leaflets unequalsided. Flowers rather

large, in racemes. Bracts ovate, deciduous. Calyx 18-20 mm. long or rather more,

densely matied on the back with grey tomentum ; tube short ; lobes uppermost, somewhat

spathulate, the others blunt, 4-5 mm. broad. Corolla about as long as the calyx ; standard

obovate ; carina boat-shaped, base unguiculate. Pod oblong, equalling the calyx ; seeds

dark blue.

Natat.—Lower Illovo, Wood No. 6507, Natal Herb.

SECT. II.—ARCYPHYLLUM, Torr. and Gray, “Fl. North. America” (1838), 284.

Stem voluble. Flowers in dense oblong, sessile, or subsessile, or shortly-stalked clusters.

Calyx teeth narrow, sometimes more or less connate, slightly shorter than, or same length

as, the corolla. Seeds brown or black, not blue.

+ Terminal leaflet ovate, subrotund, acuminate.

2. R. densiflora, D.C., ‘‘Prod.,” II, 386; Baker in Hooker, “FI. Brit. India,” II, 226 ;

Baker ex Oliver, “FI. Trop. Afr.,” IT, 222.

Glycine densiflora, Roth., nov. sp. 348; Desmodium punctatum, D.C., “ Prod.,” I, 338.

Stem slender, firm-herbaceous, voluble, grey pilose. Stipules lanceolate. Leaves

trifoliolate, papyraceous ; terminal leaflets broadly ovate acuminate ; petiolules of terminal

leaflets 10-18 mm. long; lateral leaflets unequalsided. Flowers in dense, oblong, sub-

sessile clusters. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx 12-15 mm. long, teeth narrow, subequal, two

uppermost more or less connate ; tube short. Standard glabrous, auriculate, about 15 mm.

long; wings unguiculate, distinctly shorter than the carina; carina boat-shaped, obtuse.

Pod 12-14 mm. long, rather navrowed at both ends, grey pubescent.

Natau.—Gerrard No. 1737; Camperdown Div., Wood No. 11706.

TRANSVAAL.—Makapansberg, Rehmann No. 5548; Potgietersrust, Leendertz No. 146,

1216; Barberton, Thorncroft No. H. 11274; Pienaars River, Leendertz No. 783.

+ -- Terminal leaflet rhombeo-ovate, generally obtuse.

3. R. connata, sp. nov,

Caulis volubilis, pubescens, longitudinaliter striatus. Strpulae ovatae, acutae ;

stipellis ad basin petiolulorum minutis linearibus. Folia trifoliolata ; foliolis terminalibus

thombeo-ovatis apice obiusis vel rarius subacutis, 3-4 cm. longis et latis ; lateralibus

inaequilateralibus, petiolo communi 4-5 em. longo praedita ; foliolis terminalibus petiolulis

8-10 mm. longis suffultis. Flores flavi in capitula densa disposita ; capitulis breviter

pedunculatis. Oalycis lobis 2 superioribus plus minus connatis, reliquiis lineari-lanceolatis.

Vewillum apice emarginatum; alae oblongae basi unguiculatae ; carina naviculariformis

apice obtusa. .Ovarium pilis vestitum; stylo gracili. Legumen ignotum.

Natat.—Camperdown, Miss Franks No. 1250.

Ally of R. Stuhlmanni, Harms in Enegler’s “ Bot. Jahrb.,” XXVI, 308.

SECT. III.—CHRYSOSCIAS, Benth., ex Harvey and Sonder, “FI. Cap.,” IH, 249.

Stem voluble. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. Stipules broad. Flowers in axillary

umbels or solitary.

Series 1.—Calyx large, 15-18 mm. long. Flowers in umbels rarely solitary. Underside

of leaf fulvous-villose.

4. R. chrysoscias, Benth., ec Harvey and Sonder, ‘FI. Cap.,” I, 249 ; Oliver in “ Bot.

Mac; t. 5913:

Chrysoscias grandiflora, KE. Mey., “Comm.,”’ 139; Glycine erecta, Thunbg., BM

Cap.,” 592; Cylista lancifolia, Ecklon and Zeyher, Herb. No, 1690.

116

A climbing suffrutex with voluble stem, and the younger parts clothed with tawny

or yellowish hairs. Stipules broad. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate, thinly pubescent above,

tomentose or villose below; terminal leaflets oblong-lanceolate with revolute margins

3-5-5 cm. long, 8-15 mm. broad ; petioles 5-15 mm. long. Peduncles bearing 3-4 flowers

at the summit. Calyx 15-18 mm. long; tube short; segments lanceolate ; the two upper

somewhat connate at the base. Pod not much longer than the calyx, pilose.

Cape.—Districts George and Knysna, Plettensbergs Bay, Zeyher No. 1690.

Chrysoscias media, H. Mey., from Kaymans Gat, is a close ally.

Series 2.—Calyx silky-silvery, 15-20 mm. long, wpper lobes connate to or beyond the middle.

Underside of leaf white tomentose.

5. R. leucoscias Benth., ex Harvey, lc. II, 249.

Cylista argentea, Kcklon and Zeyher, 1688 ; Cylista angustifolia, K. Mey., in “ Linnaea,’’

VII, 171; Chrysoscias calycina, HK. Mey., “‘Comm.,” 140.

Suffruticose voluble, albo-villose. Strpules broadly oblong, obtuse or subacute. Leaves

trifoliolate, very shortly petiolate ; terminal leaflets with revolute margins, oblong-lanceolate

or linear, white tomentose below, 4-5-5 em. long, 5-7 mm. broad in the middle ; common

petioles 2-4 mm. long. Peduncles umbelliferous. Calyx silky-silvery ; tube very short ;

segments lanceolate, leafy, silky and silvery. Corolla two uppermost segments connate

to or beyond the middle, glabrous ; standard 14-16 mm. long. Pod not seen.

CarE.—Van Stadensberg, Heklon and Zeyher.

Var. angustifolia, Harvey, l.c. 249.

Leaflets narrower, narrow-linear. Flowers sub-solitary.

Capr.—Caledon Div., River Zondereinde, Zeyher No. 2410.

Distinguished from R. chrysoscias, Benth. by its much whiter and woolly tomentum

and the connate upper calyx lobes.

Series 3.—Calyx cano-pubescent, 6-9 mm. long ; upper lobes connate to middle. Umbels

4—8-flowered.

6. R. microscias, Benth., ex Harvey, l.c. 249

Chrysoscias parviflora, HK. Mey., ‘“Comm.,” 139.

Suffruticose voluble, silky-canescent. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long. Leaves

trifoliolate, on very short petioles; terminal leaflets lmear-lanceolate or linear, 3-4 cm.

long, 4-7 mm. broad, canescent and tomentulose beneath ; common petioles 2-4 mm.

long; lateral leaflets slightly unequalsided at the base. Pedwncles bearing umbels of 4-8

flowers. Flowers much smaller than in R leucoscias, Benth. Calyx tube very short ;

segments lanceolate, cano-pubescent, shorter than the standard. Standard 10-12 mm. long,

glabrous ; carina glabrous, obtuse. Pod pilose, 15-20 mm. long, mucronate.

Cape.—Mountain sides, near George, Drege: Knysna, Tyson, Bowie ;* Humansdorp

Div., Zitzikama, H. Galpin No. 3989.

Known at once from the preceding by the smaller flowers and shorter indumentum.

Series 4.—Flowers solitary.

7. R. angustifolia, D.C., “ Prod.,” Il, 388.

R. uniflora, Harvey, lc. Il, 249; Glycine angustifolia, Jacq., “ Hort. Schoenb.,” II,

t. 231; Cylista angustifolia, Ecklon and Zeyher No. 1689.

Stem voluble, silky-canescent. Stipules ovate, subacute. Leaves trifoliolate, very

shortly petiolate ; leaflets lanceolate or linear, with revolute margins, whitish or tomentose

below ; terminal leaflets 15-25 mm. long and about 2-3 mm. broad; terminal petiolule

silky canescent, 2-3 mm. long; lateral leaflets shorter than terminal. lowers solitary,

117

axillary, on short pedicels. Calyx 13-15 mm. long, grey-villous ; tube very short ; segments

lanceolate, not much shorter than the petals ; two uppermost somewhat connate. Standard

glabrous, 13-15 mm. long. Pod not seen.

CaprE.—Purpas Valley and Zwarteberg, near Caledon, Hcklon No. 1689.

This plant is easily recognized by the voluble stem, the very narrow trifoliolate leaves,

and the solitary axillary flowers with a silky villous calyx. Jt must take De Candolle’s

earlier name of R. angustifolia.

SECT. IV.—POLYTROPIA, Harvey and Sonder, “Fl. Cap.,” II, 248.

Stem prostrate or trailing. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate, plurijugate. Flowers

racemose.

Serves 1.—Leaves pinnately decompound.

8. R. ferulaefolia, Benth., ex Harvey, l.c.

Polytroma ferulaefolia, * Presl. Symb.,” t. 13; Psoralea prostrata, “ Linn.,” sp. pl. 762 ;

Galega pinnata, Thunberg, “FI. Cap.,” 602; Polytropia umbellata, Ecklon and Zeyher

No. 1627.

Prostrate, nearly glabrous. Stipules rather short. Leaves pedately bipinnate, pauci-

jugate or supra-decompound ; leaflets sessile, narrow-lanceolaie or linear, acute at each

end, varying from about 5-20 mm. long; common peiiole generally 2-4 cm. long, glabrous

or nearly so. Peduncles longer than the leaves, bearing a cluster of 5-12 flowers towards

the apex; pedicels 1-3 mm. long. Flowers viscoso-pubescent. Calyx with lowest segment

conspicuously narrower than the rest. Standard 7-9 mm. long. Pod 12-16 mm. long,

subfalcate or nearly straight, nearly glabrous.

CarE.—Common on the Cape Flats and in several parts of the western districts. There

is a specimen of this in Herb. Sloane, from the Cape, gathered by Oldenland. This will

certainly be one of the earliest records for this species.

Series 2.—Leaves simply pinnate.

9. R. pinnata, Harvey, “ Thes.,” t. 79; Harvey in Harvey and Sonder, l.c. 250.

Polytropia pinnata, Ecklon and Zeyher No. 1628.

Whole plant minutely downy, prostrate. Stipules ovate, striate, deflexed. Leaves

simply pinnate, bi- to tri-jugate ; terminal leaflet rhomboid-ovate or obovate, 6~12 mm.

long; lateral leaflets generally elliptic-oblong, impresso-puncitate. Peduncles elongate,

5-6-flowered near the summit. Calyx pubescent, 6-7 mm. long; lowest segment narrower

than the others, shorter than the petals. Standard yellow, 6-8 mm. long, glabrous or nearly

so; carina about same Jength as the standard. Pod not seen, stated by Harvey to be

the same as in R. ferulaefolia, Benth.

CaprE.—Saldanha Bay, Heklon and Zeyher No. 1628.

SECT. V.—EURHYNCHOSIA (incl. Copisma and Orthodanum).

Stem voluble or rigid. Leaves ‘rifoliolate or rarely unifoliolate. Inflorescence generally

racemose, but flowers sometimes solitary or subsolitary. Calyx generally shorter than the

corolla ; segments generally lanceolate. Seeds brown, or reddish-brown, or black, not

blue (in those species in which the seeds are known).

CLAVIS OF SPECIES.

A.—Stems voluble or subvoluble.

(a) Bracts persistent.

—Leaves trifoliolate.

Gla RoOWS Oe WM, GO.cooroccscdooocsdvsoecudsov0eca00000 R. rotundifolia, Walp.

MATS cooddsoscod Hb G RONDO OOUDULO OOO DN BOS DHODO EURO R. grandifolia, Steud.

—> Lees WMO NONI, 6 Goauhacanddoocods aden dnodoasecbInb OOO R. simplicifolia, E. Mey.

118

(6) Bracts caducous, rarely subpersistent.

x Terminal leaflets broad.

- Flowers fasciculate. Leaves uni- or tri-foliolate; leaflets orbicular-

OWENS OP OWENGs000c0cccd bc 00d 0000000000 0000C00008

+--+ Peduncles short, generally shorter than the leaves, racemose,

laxly few-flowered.

—Flowers small, 5-10 mm. long.

Terminal leaflets orbicular-rhomboid, obtuse, softly

Ipubescentmonavelyvehyerea eerie erEecrearrtier

Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate. Leaves fulvous....

Terminal leaflets obovate, nearly glabrous...........

Terminal leaflets obovate. Leaves grey pubescent

Terminal leaflets elliptic-oblong or subrhomboid......

——Flowers larger, 12-14 mm. long. Terminal leaflets broadly

HOMO Sia aeroramrstere roe ee eiclo crue ern Ree

++ -+Peduncles long, generally longer than the leaves, laxly tew-

flowered.

—Standard glabrous.

Terminal leaflets ovate or broadly ovate, 3-4-5 cm. long,

2-5-4 cm. broad. Stem cinereous pubescent........

Terminal leaflets ovate or suborbicular-ovate, 2-3 em. long,

2-5-4 em. broad. Stem cinereous pubescent.........

Terminal leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular. Stems

markedly, :pilosew tein sects rceees oo teisterl eee

Terminal leaflets ovate or rhombeo-ovate. Stems puberulous.

Terminal leaflets rigid, subrhomboid or elliptic-oblong., Stems

hispid o=pulbescentmolnvallOUSS ee SEh renner eerie

Terminal leaflets thin, ovate-rhomboid. Stem thinly pubes-

cent. Upper calycine segments short and broad......

Terminal leaflets triangular-ovate. Stem pubescent........

Standard pubescent.

Terminal leaflets broadly ovate-suborbicular, rigid hispido-

pubescent. Stem patently hairy.....................

Terminal leaflets broadly ovate, rather thick, canotomentose

belowamstemitomentosenstann lteter

+--+ + Peduncles longer than the leaves, generally laxly many-flowered,

occasionally subdense towards the apices.

Flowers small, 6-9 mm. long. Terminal leaflets rhombeo-

OVEN OW MATA YSO-O]VOVKs nog oaaoo00cannoacaocag0n

Flowers larger, 10-15 mm. long.

Terminal leaflets ovate-triangular, pubescent........

Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate. Standard pubescent.

Terminal leaflets thin, rhombeo-triangular. Standard

AIO ceocbooocébonco dD daGORDDDCOUeDODODOOO

Terminal leaflets thick, velvety, elliptic-ovate. Standard

OUISEEDM osc ooo odno 00 con HOOD COONNCHODSODODES

Terminal leaflets suborbicular or ovate. Standard

glabrous. Calyx glandular.....................

Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate, copiously dotted below.

Steinceiel Gleynclibveogcoosaussbnoo00cCbbsoDbood

+-+-++-+-+Peduncles longer than the leaves. Racemes dense.

Terminal leaflets suborbicular, dotted below

Terminal leaflets large, cordate-ovate or suborbicular, rugose,

thick, velvety: motets cirelel weriete-ntelieketenskaettey ster re

Terminal leaflets ovate-suborbicular.................¢...

x x Terminal leaflets narrower.

Leaflets elliptic-oblong or oblong. Peduncles 1—2-flowered,

shorter than the leaves. Stem prostrate or voluble....

R. monophylla, Schl.

R. Harveyi.

(R. secunda, Harvey.)

R. secunda (Thunberg).

Rk. Burkei, Burtt-Davy

and Bak. fil.

Rk. Fleckii, Schinz.

R. confusa, Burtt-Davy.

R. quadrata, Harvey.

R. reptabunda, N.E.Br.

R. Jacottetii, Schinz.

R. ovata, Wood & Evans.

Rk. Harmsiana, Schlechter.

R. nervosa, Benth.

R. caribaea, D.C.

(R. gibba, K. Mey).

R. Dieterlenae, Bak. fil.

R. hirsuta, Ecklon and

Zeyher.

R. argentea, Harvey.

R. minima, L.

R. stenodon, Bak. fil.

R. memnonia, D.C., var.

prostrata, Harvey.

R. Harmsiana, Schl., var.

grandifolia, Balk. fil.

R. crassifolia, Benth.

(R. longipes, Harms.).

R. Pentheri, Schlechter.

R. adenodes, Ecklon and

Zeyher.

R. adenodes, Ecklon and

Zeyher, var. Cooperi,

Bak. fil.

R. sigmodes, Benth.

R. chrysantha, Schlechter.

R. puberula, Harvey.

Lit)

Leaflets in typical form, ovate-oblong or elliptical, in forma

angustifolia, lanceolate-oblong. Peduncles 1-3-flowered R. Totta, D.C.

Leaflets narrow-lanceolate. | Peduncles 2-flowered. Flowers

leisese Ween min Ji, Dane, IDCrsoccosocconccoeuscooo0e R. longiflora, Schinz.

Leaflets elliptical. Racemes very lax, few-flowered. Stem

voluble. Indumentum cinnamon coloured............ hk. venulosa, K. Schum.

(R. cinnamomea, Schinz.)

Leaflets lanceolate, more or less sericeous. Raceme very lax.

Stemmviolble vse caters arate eke e nen ore ee ra ea Aan oe R. elegantissima, Schinz.

Leaflets oblong-lanceolate or ovate. | Peduncles 1—6-flowered

near the summit. Stem voluble, glabrous, or minutely

CloN ON Aa geen caiman espe er aeons toteaget cnaudd Gone R. glandulosa, D.C.

Leaflets linear or linear-lanceolate. Peduncles generally one-

siKON, AERO Stray aka Reo GIANG NOC KOO ice oie cate R. rigidula, D.C.

B.—Stem rigid or subrigid.

-++Peduncles generally shorter than the leaves, few-flowered.

Silky villous or glabrous. Leaflets elliptic-oblong or

IETNESMENO-ODONE oosociococcoocasocdndscabscoousacsar R. Orthodanum, Benth.

Canotomentose. Terminal leaflets broader than long..... R. spectabilis, Schinz.

Cinnamon-coloured tomentum. Terminal leaflets oval or oval-

Suborbiculanry crys use racsaenetclon ss severe esis suey eucirays hr cren arhve Rk. Rudolfi, Harms.

Pubescent. Terminal leaflets ovate or orbicular-ovate ..... R. komatiensis, Harms.

Velvety when young. Terminal leaflets ovate-lanceolate.

Mlowers lar eer pry pars cuekosiees etre einen sistaavererholses eceucuar sls R. clivorum, S. Moore.

Silky silvery. Leaflets broadly ovate or cordate-ovate. Flowers

GUGM Os oseneaod ep aon nein natencoss aEnoodeS R. nitens, Benth.

Silky silvery. Leaflets larger, oblong-obovate. Flowers

PADS} Talli, UI ok pein eo enn tiobtetnceicd ecldd ca.c CO CUSOIocE R. Galpint Bak. fil.

+--+ Blower pedicellate.

Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate or suborbicular-ovate.

IMenrees INO wie, OME. oscacdcnsoeedpaaoupovdvddes R. Bakeri, Schinz.

+-+-++Peduncles scarcely longer than the leaves, 1—2-flowered.

Shrubby, erect, viscidly hairy and resin-dotted.

Mowery UPAlG Vaan, Mone os Coboooccoodoonsomceeoduoco se R. bullata, Benth.

(R. uncinata, Schltr.)

+-+-+-+Peduncles about as long as the leaves, or slightly longer,

several to many flowered. Flowers 8-16 mm. long.

Hairy and somewhat silvery.. Terminal leaflets elliptical.

iMoney WEG immed, Woe. Sd es ceoccuoccaoaandasKade R. angulosa, Schinz.

Pubescent. Terminal leaflets oblong-obovate. Flowers

SVS oN LOM Oye eveveveiNeeieerolslete crenata even eretoyefebeeieue ve) ae tes R. Woodii, Schinz.

Canotomentose. Terminal leaflets obovate. Flowers

8-12 mm. long...... Sodobossovvspocosesksanboosgdo R. albissima, Gandoger.

Pubescent. Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate. Flowers

UO Taina. Moras onscannoocccospcacdnso4c0D00K0000 R. Pegleri, Bak. fil.

++-+-+-+Peduncles longer than the leaves, always one-flowered.

Leaflets rigid, narrow, margins distinctly revolute....,.... &. pauciflora, Bolus.

++-++-+-+-+Peduncles longer than the leaves, ftew-flowered glandular

plants.

ihateralmleatlousmobtuse erie cicero iicracrecieicicr: R. viscidula, Steud.

Lateral leaflets ovate-lanceolate. acute..................- R. Schlechteri, Bak. fil.

A—STEM VOLUBLE. BRACTS PERSISTENT.

Series 1.—Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets small, orbicular or ovate.

10. R. rotundifolia, Walp. Rep. I, 787; Harvey, lc. 250.

Copisma rotundifolium, E. Mey., ““Comm.,” 137.

Prostrate. Stem flexuous, angled. Stzpules small, striate, about 4 mm. long. Leaves

trifoliolate, on rather long filiform petioles ; leaflets ovate or orbicular, netted-veined and

resin-dotted, glabrous or nearly so; terminal leaflets 10-13 mm. long, 9-11 mm. broad ;

common petiole 3-4 cm. long. Peduncles elongate, densely racemose near the summit.

Flowers rather large, 12-14 mm. long. Bracts broadly ovate, persistent. Calyx 5-6 mm.

long; lowest segment longest, subglabrous. Corolla glabrous; standard broadly ovate

or orbicular ; keel broadly faleate. Pod not seen.

120

Capr.—Pondoland: Omsameaba, Drege.

Known by the broadly ovate persistent bracts, the trifoliolate leaves on rather long

filiform petioles.

Series 2.—Leaves trifoliolate or unifoliolate ; leaflets rather large, pubescent.

+ Leaves trifoliolate.

11. R. grandifolia, Steud., ““ Nom., ed. 2, II, 454; Harvey, l.c. 250.

Copisma grandifolium, EK. Mey., ‘““Comm.,” 138.

Procumbent robust hirsuto-pubescent. Stipules broadly cordate. Leaves trifoliolate,

subsessile or petiole very short; terminal leaflets ovato-subrotund, hispido-pubescent,

5-6 mm. long, 4-5-5 em. broad ; lateral leaflets unequalsided. Peduwncles elongate, longer

than the leaves, closely spicate-racemose beyond the middle. Bracts ovate-oblong, acute,

persistent, hairy. Calyx segments lanceolate ; uppermost semiconnate ; lowest subulaie.

Corolla glabrous ; standard striped on the back ; wings shorter than the standard ; keel

boat-shaped. Young pod hirsute.

Capre.—Near Kat River, Drege; at foot of Winterberg, Mrs. Barber ; Kingwilliamstown,

Flanagan No. 2137; Kreil’s Country, Bowker.

Known by the elongate peduncle spicate-racemose beyond the middle, the rather

showy flowers, and persistent ovate-oblong acute bracts.

++ Leaves unifoliolate.

12. R. simplicifolia, E. Mey., ‘‘Comm.,” 138; Harvey, l.c. 251.

Described as being very closely allied to R. grandifolia, Walp., but the leaves are simple.

Stipules cordate-ovate, acuminate. Bracts ovate-lanceolate.

TRANSKEI.—Umtata, Drege.

Only known to me from KE. Meyer's description. It is possibly a unifoliolate form

of R. grandifolia, Walp.

B—STEM VOLUBLE. BRACTS CADUCOUS. FLOWERS FASCICULATE.

Series 3.-—Leaflets unifoliolate or trifoliolate, suborbicular, or ovate, or ovate-oblong,

puberulous. Flowers 12-14 mm. long.

13. R. monophylla, Schlechter in “ Journ. Bot.” (1897) 279.

Stem voluble, branches decumbent, filiform, elongate. Leaves simple or trifoliolate,

suborbicular, or ovate, or ovate-oblong, reticulate nerved, 2-5-4 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad.

Flowers in axils of leaves, fasciculate. Bracts deciduous. Calyx + 6 mm. long; segments

linear, acute. Standard suborbicular-rhomboid, + 11 mm. long, 9 mm. broad; wings

unguiculate ; keel obtuse, apex incuived, glabrous. Ovary villous. Pod obliquely ovate-

elliptical, very compressed, base acute, apex acuminate, + 11 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad,

TRANSVAAL.—Near Barberton, #. H. Galpin No. 489; Pretoria, Rehmann No. 4582 ;

Rogers No. 18942; A.O. D. Mogg, in Govt. Herb., No. 10556; near Witbank Station,

Gilfillan No. 7184: Lydenberg, Wilms No. 375 ; near Barberton, Bolus Nos. 1142 and 7603.

Wilms No. 375 was issued with a ms. name, but it is not specifically distinct from the

above.

Occurs also in Gazaland.

Var. nov. Bylesii, Bak. fil.

Caulis procumbens, pubescens. Stipulae latae, ovato-lanceolatae, 5-7 mm. longae.

Folia saepissime trifoliolata, suprema unifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus late ovatis vel

suborbiculari-ovatis, 2-5-4 cm. longis, 2°5-3 em. latis; petiolulis foliolorum terminalium

8:10 mm. longis; foliolis lateralibus inaequilateralibus. Flores fasciculati. Vexillum

flavum, -+-12 mm. longum. Legumen immaturum pilis vestitum.

121

XHODESIA.—Salisbury, F'. Hyles No. 2094. Alt. 4900 ft.

This is a procumbent herb with rather broad stipules. It differs principally from

the type in the leaves being mostly trifoliolate. The standard is yellow and the wings

bright red. The calyx is + 13 mm. long (total length), the lowest segment narrow and

much longer than the others. Calyx tube, + 3 mm.

C.—STEM VOLUBLE OR SUBVOLUBLE. BRACTS CADUCOUS, RARELY

SUBPERSISTENT. LEAFLETS BROAD. FLOWERS RACEMOSE.

Series 4.—Leaflets small. Peduncles nearly as long as or slightly longer than the leaves.

Flowers small, in unilateral racemes.

+ Leaflets softly pubescent or velvety. Stipules broadly ovate.

14. R. Harveyi. (R. secunda Harvey, I.c. ui. 251.)

Prostrate softly pubescent or velvety. Branches flexuous. Leaves trifoliolate, petio-

late ; terminal leaflets orbicular-rhomboid, obtuse, 10-15 mm. long, 12-17 mm. broad ;

lateral leaflets uaequalsided. Peduwncles shorter or scarcely longer than the leaves, laxly

2-4-flowered. Calyx 6-7 mm. long; segments longer than the tube, shorter than the

glabrous standard. Standard + 9 mm. long. Keel + 9 mm. long. Pod 15-18 mm.

Jong, narrowed towards the base, pubescent.

Capre.—Smaldeel, Zeyher No. 514; near Grahamstown, P. MacOwan No. 160.

Flanagan No. 164 from Komgha is a form of this species.

++ Leaflets fulvous, resin-dotted below.

15. R. secunda (Glycine secunda, Thunbere, “ Prod. Fl. Cap.,” 131).

Stem herbaceous, filiform, pubescent. Stipules narrower than in the preceding

species, lanceolate, longitudinally striate. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets

rhombeo-ovate, 10-15 mm. long, and nearly the same breadth, rounded at the apex;

petiolules 2-3 mm. long; lateral leaflets unequalsided, sessile or subsessile, all resin-dotted

below ; petioles pubescent, 8-10 mm. long. Flowers small, in 5—10-flowered secund racemes,

which are often 3-4 cm. long. Pedzcels very short. Calyx 6-7 mm. long, hairy, the lowest

segment longer than the rest. Standard 6-8 mm. long, glabrous; keel about the same

length. Pod not seen.

Care.—In campis graminosis, Thunberg, Herb. Thunberg.

This is a rare plant, the only specimen I have seen being in Herb. Thunberg.

Series 5.—Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets broadly obovate. Peduncles short, 5-1-

flowered.

16. R. Burkei, Burtt-Davy and Bak. fil. in “Kew Bull.,” 1921, 193.

R. adenodes, Ecklon and Zeyher, var. ? robusta, Harvey, l.c.

Stems prostrate, robust, longitudinally striate, pubescent. Strpules lanceolate. Leaves

trifoliolate, petiolate; terminal leaflets broadly obovate, 20-25 mm. long, 23-28 mm.

broad ; terminal petiolules 6-8 mm. long, on both sides except the nerves nearly glabrous ;

lateral leaflets unequalsided, sessile ; common petiole 15-25 mm. long. Peduncles laxly

5-T-flowered, generally 25-30 mm. long. Flowers small, 7-8 mm. long. Calyx pubescent,

+ 4 mm. long. Standard 6-7 mm. long. Pod pubescent, about 12 mm. long.

ORANGE FREE State.—Thaba ’“Nchu, Zeyher No. 280; Burke in Herb., Kew.

This is quite distinct from R. adenodes, Ecklon and Zeyher. Ji has broad, obovate

terminal leaflets and a short inflorescense of quite small flowers. It does not seem to be

common.

Series 6.—Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets ovate or obovate. Racemes short, few-

flowered.

+ Terminal leaflets obovate, 20-25 mm. broad.

122

17. R. Fleckii, Schinz in “‘ Vierteljahrschnft Nat. Ges. Zurich,” LIL, 428 (1907).

Stem slender, filiform, pubescent. Stipules small, lnear-lanceolate, pubescent. Leaves

trifoliolate, petiolate, grey pubescent; terminal leaflets obovate, about 25 mm. long and

20-25 mm. broad; terminal petiolules pubescent, 8-10 mm. long; lateral leaflets some-

what unequalsided, also about 25 mm. long, petiolules much shorter. Racemes short,

few-flowered. Calyx grey pubescent, segments narrow-lanceolaie, shorter than the corolla.

Standard 7-9 mm. long: keel boat-shaped, apex blunt. Pod pubescent, mucronate, 23-25

mm. long, 8-9 mm. broad ai the broadest poiat.

Katanarr Reerion.—Uschi, Fleck No. 693.

Noticeable on account of the slender stem, small stipules, trifoliolate leaves covered

with grey pubescence, obovate terminal leaflets, and short few-flowered inflorescence. An

ally of R. confusa, Burtt-Davy.

++ Terminal leaflets narrower, 12-16 mm. broad.

18. R. confusa, Burtt-Davy, in “Kew Bull.,” 1921, 192.

R. nervosa, Benth., var. pauciflora, Harvey, 1.c.

Perennial prostrate herb, with puberulent stems. Stipules subulate. Leaves trifolio-

late. cano-pubescent ; terminal leaflets ovate or obovate, longer than broad, 13-20 mm.

long, 12-16 mm. broad; petiolules about 5 mm. long: lateral leaflets unequalsided,

common petioles tomentose, 5-10 mm. long. Peduncles slender, 2—4-flowered, shorter

than the leaves or only slightly longer. Pedicels slender, 1-2 mm. long. Flowers about

8 mm. long. Calyx lobes lanceolate. acuminate, pubescent. Standard glabrous. Pod

puberulous, about 2 em. long and 7 mm. broad.

TRANSVAAL.—Magalies River, Zeyher No. 510; Aapjes River and Vaal River, Zeyher

Nos. 508, 511.

ORANGE Free State.—Kroonstad Dist.. Rhenoster Kop, Zeyher; Bloemfontein,

Burtt-Davy No. 11767.

British BecHuANALAND.—Kuruman Dist., Burchell Nos. 2298, 2457, 2548B; Vry-

burg Div., near Geluk, Burtt-Davy No. 11121.

This species is easily recognized by tts trifoliolate cano-pubescent leaves and short

2-4-flowered inflorescence generally shorter than the leaves.

Ti also occurs in Rhodesia, Victoria Div., Munro No. 549.

Series 7.—Flowers 12-15 mm. long wn lax racemes. Terminal leaflets ovate, triangular,

acute, or broadly rhomboid. Stem tomentulose.

19. R. quadrata, Harvey, lc. 1, 254.

Stem herbaceous, flexuous, thinly tomentulose. Stipules small, lanceolate. Leaves

thin, trifoliolate, petiolate ; leaflets broadly rhomboid-acute or subacuminate ; terminal

leaflets 20-35 mm. long, 20-38 mm. broad ; terminal petiolule 5-8 mm. long, lateral leaflets

unequalsided, common petioles 15-25 mm. long. Racemes shorter or 2 little longer than the

leaf, 5-8-flowered. Bracts narrow, caducous. Calya glandular, 14-15 mm. long; lowest

lobe longest and nearly same length as carina. Standard glabrous or nearly so, 13-15 mm.

long. Ovary glandular, biovulate. Pod substipitate, faleate, vwice as long as calyx.

Natat.—Port Natal, 7. Williamson, Peddie ; Durban, Wood No. 1656.

Hasily recognized by its thin, rhomboid, acute leaflets, and glandular calyx and ovary.

Series 8.—Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets ovate or broadly ovate. Peduncles longer than the

leaves, towards the apex, laaly 2-6-flowered.

+ Terminal leaflets 3-4-5 cm. long, 2-5-4-0 cm. broad.

123

20. R. reptabunda, N. HK. Br. in “ Kew Bull.,” 1906, 103.

Stem herbaceous, creeping, pubescent or pilose. Stipules rather large, 7-11 mm. long.

Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; leaflets ovate or broadly ovate, 3-4-5 em. long, 2°5-4 em.

broad, on both sides pubescent ; common petiole 3-6 cm. long, puberulous and laxly

pilose. Peduncle longer than the leaves, 5-17-5 cm. long, towards the apex laxly 2-6-

flowered. Bracts lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long. Pedicels + 3 mm. long. Calyx pubescent ;

tube 3 mm. long, upper ceeth 3-4 mm. long, lowest lanceolaie-subulate, -- 7 mm. long.

Corolla glabrous, yellow; standard 8-5 mm. long, broadly oblong; keel about the same

length as the standard, obiuse. Ovary densely tomentose.

Natat.—Near Charlestown, Wood No. 5734; Giani’s Castle, Wood No. 10673.

Easily recognized by the trifoliolate pubescent leaves, and the long peduncle laxly

2-6-flowered towards the apex, and large stipules.

++ Terminal leaflets smaller, 2-5-3-0 em. long, 28-46 mm. broad.

21. R. Jacottetii, Schinz. in Herb. Zurich.

Stem herbaceous, pubescent or pilose. Stzpules conspicuous, oblong or ovate-oblong,

hairy, 7-10 mm. long. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets broadly ovate or

suborbicular-ovate, hairy, 2-3 cm. long, 2-5-4-0 em. broad, generally broader than long ;

terminal petiolules 4-5 mm. long, lateral leaflets unequalsided, broad, common petioles

pilose, 2-3 cm. long. Peduneles longer than the leaves, pilose, laxly 3-6-flowered towards

the summit. Bracts lanceolate, pilose, subpersistent. Pedicels pilose. Calyx pilose,

tube short, segments lanceolate, pilose. Standard glabrous, 8-1C mm. long; keel boat-

shaped, obtuse, a litile shorter than the standard. Pod not seen.

Carg Province.—Komeha, R. Schlechter, Flanagan No. 854; Morugha, R. Schlechter

No. 6170.

This plant is very closely allied to the preceding and perhaps not specifically distinct.

The noticable features are the trifoliclate leaves, the terminal leaflets generally broader

than long. the long peduncles much longer than the leaves, laxly 3-6-flowered near the

summit.

Series 9.—Flowers 10-12 mm. long om very lax raceme. Terminal leaflets suborbicular

or broadly ovate, hirsute. Stem rufo-pilose.

22. R. ovata, Wood and Evans in “Journ. Bot.” (1897), 350.

Stem sufiruticose, subereci, densely rufo-pilose. Stipules linear lanceolate, +- 6 mm.

long. Leaves long petiolate, trifcliolate ; leaflets suborbicular or ovate, entire, base rounded,

hispid, and with long hairs ciliate, about 3 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad ; lateral shortly petiolu-

late. Racemes axillary and terminal longer than the leaves, bearing a few distant flowers.

Calyx hairy, about 7 mm. long. Standard obovate, 10 mm. long, base auriculate and

clawed, glabrous; carina boat-shaped, apex obtuse. Pod oblong, acute, base narrowed,

about 18 mm. long.

ZULULAND.—Near Entumeni, Wood No. 3987 and Wood No. 8534.

Natat.—Lower Tugela, Wood No. 9275.

Kasily recognized by the flexuous pilose stems, the suborbicular or broadly ovate

leaflets, and the very lax inflorescence of yellow flowers.

Series 10.—Flowers small, 9-10 mm. long, in var. grandiflora larger in a lax raceme.

Leaflets ovate, 2-3 em. long, 15-25 mm. broad, in typical form. Standard glabrous.

93. R. Harmsiana, Schlechter, ex A. Zahlb. in ‘‘ Ann. Mus. Nat. Hofmus Wien.,”” XX (1905),

26.

Stem voluble, branches filiform, puberulous. Stipules lanceolate, subulate, acuminate.

Terminal leaflets 2-3 cm. long, 15-25 em. broad; common petiole pubescent. Racemes

axillary, laxly several-flowered. Calyx campanulate, + 8 mm. long; segments subulate

124

longer than the tube. Standard about 1 em. long, lamina obovate, base auriculate ;

wings obliquely oblong ; carina boat-shaped, obtuse. Ovary pilose, style filiform, glabrous.

Kast GRIQUALAND.—Between Mt. Insiswa and the River Umzinhlawa, Krook No. 2584.

Natat.—Rudatis No. 1617; near Boston, Wood No. 11824.

Var. Burchellii, Burtt-Davy in ‘‘ Kew Bull.,” 1921, 193.

Slender voluble herb. Leaves trifoliolate, terminal somewhat rhomboid, 13-20 mm.

long, 9-15 mm. broad, below sparsely glandular. Pedwneles longer than the leaves, 5—7:5

em. long, generally laxly 5—7-flowered. Calyx glandular, upper lobes short, lower longer,

subulate, acuminate. Standard glabrous, with purple-brown lines. Pod strigose, reaching

2 cm. lone.

Care Proyince.—Near Komgha, Flanagan No. 796; Van Stadensberg, Burchell

No. 4746; Kentani, Pegler No. 2032; Humansdorp Div., Kromme River, Burchell No.

4860.

Kast GRIQquALAND.— Near Clydesdale, Tyson No. 2073.

Umzumbi, Wood No. 3143.

Var. nov. grandiflora.

Folia trifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus rhombeo-triangularibus apice acutis 30-45 mm.

longis, 25-55 mm. latis. Racemz multiflori cum pedunculo, 8-10 cm. longi. Flores lutei,

12-15 mm. longi, longiuscule pedicellati, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis. Calyx in toto 9-10 mm.

longus, hirtus et glandulosus, dentibus superioribus 3-5 mm. longis, inferioribus 6-7 mm.

longis. Veaillum extus glabrum.

Narat.—Lundies Hill, Wood No. 11401, Natal Herb. No. 12427.

The leaflets are thin and covered with scattered hairs. The two uppermost teeth

of the calyx are more or less connate, the lowest segment very narrow. It is allied to

R. flavissima Hochst., but the carina is shorter and the calyx is longer. The wing petals

are oblong with a short spur on one side.

NATAL.

Series 11.—Flowers, 10-13 mm. Leaves trifoliolate or wnifoliolate, leaflets rigid, elluptre-

oblong or subrhomboid. Pedwncles generally long, laxly 3-8-flowered. Standard glabrous.

24. R. nervosa, Benth., ex Harvey, l.c. 253.

Stem prostrate or twining hispid-pubescent. Stipules small, narrow lanceolate ox

subulate. Leaves in typical form trifoliolate, shortly petiolate, terminal leaflets elliptic-

oblong or subrhomboid, rigid, 3-nerved at base, hispido-pubescent 30-60 mm. long,

15-35 mm. broad, common petioles hispido-pubescent or villous, 3 15 mm. long or some-

times longer. Peduncles generally long, laxly 3-8-flowered. Calyx lobes lanceolate

acuminate, longer than the tube, shorter than the standard. Standard glabrous, 8-12 mm.

long. Pod sessile, villous.

Capr.—Sand River and Langspruit, Zeyher; Winterberg, Ecklon and Zeyher.

Natat.—Near Intshanga, Wood Nos. 6231 and 6545; near Gillits, Wood No. 7990 ;

Claremont, Wood No. 7994.

Hast GriqguaLanp.—Clydesdale, Tyson No. 1056.

TRANSVAAL.—Lydenberge, Wilms No. 381; Hoogeveld, Wilms No. 385; Pretoria,

A. O. D. Mogg No. 15636; Vereeniging, Rogers No. 11904; Kaalfontein, Pole-Evans

No. H.16796 ; Jeppestown Ridge, Johannesburg, Gilfillan No. 54; Barberton, H. Galpin,

No. 1003.

Forma unifoliolata, Bak. fil.

Caules teretes, flexousi. Folia saepissime unifoliolata, late ovata, petiolo brevi suf-

fulta. Racenv laxi, 2—5-flovi, foliis longiores. Flores + 1 em. longi. Veaillum glabrum.

Nyustroom.—Mrs. De Jongh No. 6521.

125

R. nervosa, Benth., ditters from R. hirsuta, Kcklon and Zeyher, in its shorter petioles,

its glabrous standard, and narrower stipules. The petals are yellow, with reddish striations-

R. nervosa, Benth., var. pauciflora, Harvey,is Rk. confusa, Burtt-Davy. Zeyher No. 515,

referred here doubtfully by Harvey, is R. venulosus, K. Schum.

Serves 12.—Flowers, 12-18 mm. Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets ovate-rhomboid,

acute. Racemes longer than the leaves, laxly several-flowered.

25. R. Caribaea, D.C., “ Prod.,” If, 384; Baker in Oliver “FI. Trop. Afr.,” IT.

E. gibba, BK. Mey., “Linnaea,” VII, 170; R. acuminata, Ecklon and Zeyher, 1666 ;

Copisma gibbum EK. Mey., “Comm.,” 137.

Stems elongate. voluble or prostrate, generally pubesvent. Stepules minute. Leaves

trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflet ovate-rhomboid, acute or sometimes obtuse, mem-

braneous, generally 2-4 cm. long and 2-3 cm. broad ; lateral leaflets unequalsided ; common

petiole 1-2 cm. long. Racemes longer than the leaves, laxly several-flowered, pedicels

24 mm. long. Calyx upper segments short and broad, lowest conspicuously longer,

subulate. Standard glabrous, broadly ovate ; wings oblong, base unguiculate ; keel boat-

shaped, base unguiculate. Pod falcate, much longer than the calyx, 24-30 mm. long.

Capr.—Districts Uitenhage, Ecklon No. 1667, Alexander No. 117; Somerset Div.,

Burcheli No. 3344, Bowker, Burchell Nos. 3096 and 2997; East London, EF. Galpin

No. 5684; Schoornstrom and Doorhkop, Burke; Mossel Bay, Rogers No. 13348.

Natau.—Gerrard No. 1902; Weenen, Wood No. 4470; Karkloof, Wood No. 7209);

near Durban, Wood No. 7576.

British Karrrarta.—Mrs. Hutton.

Detacoa Bay.—J. Monteiro No. 14.

TRANSVAAL.—Wakkerstroom, Beeton No. 12526.

Var. pictam (H. gibba, EK. Mey., var. pictum, Benth.).

Copisma pictum, EB. Mey. “ Comm.,” 135.

A more densely pubescent or tomentulose plant.

CapE.—Somerset, Bowker ; Howisons Poort, Mrs. Hutton; Kast London, EH. Galpin

No. 5685; Port Alfred, Burchell No. 4094; Komeha, Flanagan No. 719.

Natat.—Inanda, Wood No. 692; Dist. Alexandra, Rudatis No. 896.

Swazitanp.—Miss Stewart No. 4. ZutuLtanp.—Negoye, Wood No. 10333.

Var. nov. Thorncroftii.

Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate, subacuminate. Klowers 15-18 mm.

Jong, larger than type.

TRANSVAAL.—Saddleback Mnts., Barberton, alt. 5000 ft., G. Thorncroft No. 849 ;

Barberton, EH. Galpin No. 1308, is allied to var. picta (Benth.).

Series 13.—Flowers small, 9-11 mm. long, in 3-8-flowered racemes. Terminal leaflets

triangular-ovate, apex acute.

26. R. Dieterlenae, Bak. fil., sp. nov.

Caulis volubilis, gracilis, pubescens. Stipulae angustae, 4-6 mm. longae. Folia

trifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus triangulari-ovatis, apice acutis, 3-4 longis, 2-°5-3-0 em.

latis, lateralibus inaequilateralibus, petiolo 20-25 longo suffulta. Flores parviusculi in

racemos pauci vel plurifloros dispositi, 9-11 mm. longi. Racemi 3-7 cm. longi, saepius

3-8-flori. Calyx in toto 5 mm. longus, dentibus superioribus breviusculis. Vewdllwm

9-10 mm. longum, extus glabrum. Carina 9-10 longa. Ovariwm pilis vestitum. Legumen

ignotum.

BasutToLaNp.—Leribe, Mis. Dieterlen No, 840, Natal Herb, No. 15418,

126

An ally of R. minima, D.C. The racemes are 3-8-flowered, the stipules narrow, and

the flowers 9-11 mm. long. The terminal leaflets are longer and larger than in R. monma,

D.C., and the carina is tipped with blue. The standard is glabrous externally. The

young inflorescence 1s very hirsute.

Serves 14.—Flowers, 10-12 mm. Leaflets broadly ovate-orbicular, rigid, hispid-pubescent..

Pedunceles larly 3-12-flowered. Standard pubescent.

27. R. hirsuta, Ecklon and Zeyher, “‘ Knum.,” 256 ;

Copisma diversifolium, KH. Mey., ‘‘Comm.,” 135.

Stem widely spreading, flexuous, hirsute. Stipules ovate, acute. Leaves trifoliolate,

petiolate ; terminal leaflets broadly ovate-orbicular or rhombeo-obovate, rigid hispid-

pubescent, generally 2-5 cm. long, 2-5-4 cm. broad; petioles 1-2 cm. long, hirsute.

Peduncles elongate, laxly and distantly 3-8 or sometimes more flowered. Flowers 10-12 mm.

Jong. Standard densely pubescent, about 10 mm. Jong; carina boat-shaped, 8-10 mm.

jong. Pod sessile, villous, 18-24 mm. long.

CapE.—-Philipstown, Heklon and Zeyher No. 1676; Queenstown, H. Galpin No. 1587.

East GrrquaLanp.—Near Clydesdale, Tyson Nos. 1448 and 2193.

BasuToLaNnD.—Leribe, Mrs. Dieterlen No. 6841.

Harvey, l.c. 252.

TRANSVAAL.—Magaliesberg, Burke and Zeyher.

Var. angustifolia, Harvey, l.c. 252.

Upper leaves oblong, lower ovate.

Natat.—Port Natal, Guernzius.

Series 15.—Flowers, 13-15 mm. Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets ovate, thickish,

canotomentose below. Peduncles generally longer than the leaves, laxly few-flowered.

28. R. argentea, Harvey, I.c. u, 253.

Glycine argentea, Thunh., “FI. Cap.,” 292.

Stem voluble, tomentose. Stipules ovate, acnce. Leaves tritoholate, petiolate ;

terminal leaflets ovate, thickish, canotomentose below, 15-33 mm. long, 13-22 mm. broad ;

terminal petiolules 3-6 mm. long; common petioles 10-16 mm. long. Peduncles generally

longer than the leaves, occasionally shorter, laxly few-flowered. Pedicels rather long,

4-6 mm. Calyx pubescent, its upper segments broadly lanceolate, lowest rather longer

subulate. Standard pubescent. Pod not seen.

Capr.—Thunberg, Burchell No. 5122; Knysna, Newdigate No. 207; Stockenstroom,

W. C. Scully No. 4886.

There is a specimen of Glycine argentea in Thunberg’s Herbarium which agrees with

that of Burchell.

This species is easily recognized by the broadly ovate leaflets canotomentose below.

The flowers are rather large, 13-15 mm. long.

Series 16.—Flowers small, 6-8 or 9 mm. long. Terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate or

r hombeo-obovate.

29. R. minima, D.C., ‘‘ Prod.,” Il, 385; Harvey, l.c. u, 254.

Dolichos minimus, “Linn.,” sp. pl. 726; Copisma tenue and Copisma falcatum, E.

Mey., “Comm.,” 136.

Stem slender, voluble, thinly downy or glabrescent. Stipules small, narrow. Leaves

trifoliolate, petiolate; terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate or rhombeo-obovate, varying

mucn in size and shape; lateral leaflets unequalsided ; common petiole 5-25 mm. long.

Racemes laxly several or many flowered, longer than the leaves. Flowers small, 6-9 mm.

long. Caly« 3-4 mm. long, lowest lobe longer than the others, much shorter than the

petals. Standard orbicular-obovate, 5-7 mm. long. Carina boat-shaped. Pods faleate,

10-17 mm. long, about 4 mm. wide, puberulent, seeds brown.

127

Nara.

6383.

TRANSVAAL.—Barberton, H. Galpin No. 1196 ; Shilouvane, Junod No. 1114; Potgieters-

rust, Leendertz No. 2328, H. Bolus No. 11120; Komatipoort, R. Schlechter No. 11773.

LovurENco Marqurs.—R. Schlechter No. 11566. ~

A widely spread little plant. May be recognized by the lax raceme of small flowers,

6-8 or sometimes 9 mm. long.

Series 17.—Flowers 10-12 mm. long in lax 10-24-flowered racemes. Terminal leaflets

ovate-triangular, acute. Stem rufous hirsute.

Durban, Wood No. 7556; Port Natal, Dr. Grant; near Durban, Wood No.

30. R. stenodon, sp. nov.

Caulis volubilis rufo-hirsutus. Stipulae lanceolatae, acuminatae, rufo-hirsutae, 5-6 mm.

longae. Folia tiifoliolatae, foliolis terminalibus ovate-triangularibus -- 5 cm. longis, et

4-4-5 cm. latis, lateralibus inaequilateralibus, omnibus utrinque pubescentibus, subtus

nerviis rufo-hirtis, petiolo communi rufo-hirsuto 25-39 mm. longo praedita. Racemi

saeplus 10-24-flori, laxi. Flores flavi 10-12 mm. longi. Calyx in toto, 8-9 mm. longus,

glandulosus e« hirsutus, dentibus infimis angustissimis et longioribus, dentibus supremis

connatis. Vexrillum obovatum, unguiculatum. Alae oblongae uno latere calcaratae.

Carina naviculariformis. Ovarivm pilis vestitans.

Natat.—Oliver’s Hoek Pass, Wood No. 3344. Alt. 4800 ft. In flower Jan., 1886.

An ally of R. Pentheri, Schlechter. The flowers are yellow, the calyx is hirsute and

glandular, the lowest segment conspicuously longer than the rest and very narrow. The

wing petals have a prominent tooth on one side.

Series 18.—Flowers, 10-12 mm. Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets rhombeo-obovate.

Racemes lax, many flowered.

31. R. memnonia, D.C., var. prostrata, Harvey, l.c. 253.

Stem flexuous, lonely striate, pubescent. Stvpules lanceolate deciduous:

Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate, terminal leaflets rhombeo-obovate generally, 10-12 mm. long

and about the same breadth, terminal petiolules pubescent, 3-4 mm. long; lateral leaflets

unequalsided ; common petiole 5-10 mm. long. Racemes longer than the leaves, lax,

many-flowered. Flowers pendent. Calyx glandular, about 10 mm. long; segments

longer than the tube, lanceolate. Standard pubescent on back, 10-11 mm. long; carina

about 10 mm. long, boat-shaped. Pod 15-20 mm. long, pubescent.

TRANSVAAL.—Blomberg, R. Schlechter No. 4647; Magaliesberg, Burke No. 101;

Shilouvane, Junod No. 768: Komatipoort, R. Schlechter No. 11750.

Detacoa Bay.—Bolus No. 1143.

Narau.—rerrard No. 1949.

The plant described by Harvey as typical R. memnonia I have placed under R. albis-

_sima, Gandoger. I% is in all parts tomentose-canescent or silky.

Series 19.—Flowers, 10-12 mm. Leaflets densely velvety, thick. Peduncles elongate,

larly several-flowered. Standard pubescent.

32. R. crassifolia, Benth. in Harvey, Lc.

R. longipes, Harms in Eneler’s “ Jahrb.,’ XXVI, 306.

Stem procumbent. Branches, petioles, etc. , densely velvety. Stupules oblong obovate.

Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; semana leaflets elliptic- ovate, subobtuse, softly velvety,

50-55 mm. long, 30-42 mm. broad ; petioles 10-25 mm. long, hairy. Peduncles elongate,

laxly several-flowered or sometimes many-flowered. Calyx silky, villous, 6-7 mm. long;

segments longer than the tube, shorter than the standard. Standard pubescent, 8-10 mm.

long ; carina boat-shaped. Pod sessile, villous, 20-25 mm. long, 7-8 mm. broad.

128

TRANSVAAL.— Magaliesberg, Burke and Zeyher; between Kaap and Crocodile Rivers,

E. Galpin No. 1067; lLydenberg, Wilms No. 395; near Pretoria, McLea No. 3153;

Shanskop, Fort, Pole-Evans No. 186 ; Cerro de Pasco, near Barberton, H. Galpin No. 1067.

Easily recognized by the thick velvety leaves, the elongate lax-flowered peduncle,

the hairy standard, and the villous pod.

Series 20.—Flowers 10-12 mm. long in lax racemes much longer than the leaves. Terminal

leaflets suborbicular, obtuse. Standard glabrous.

33. R. Pentheri. Schlechter, ex A. Zahlb in “Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien.,” XX (1905), 26.

Decumbent branches filiform,”elongate. voluble, subvillose, puberulous. Stepules minute,

obliquely lanceolate, acuminate. Leaves trifoliolate ; terminal leaflets rhombeo-orbicular

cr orbicular, obtuse, 15-25 mm. long, 12-25 mm. broad; common petiole about 5 mm.

long in type, villose-puberulous. Racemes elongate, much exceeding the leaves, laxly

_ several or many flowered, longly peduncled. Calyx campanulate, about 7 mm. long, some-

what glandular; segments subulate. Standard obovoid, base auriculate, about 11 mm.

long; wings oblong; carina boat-shaped, obtuse. Ovary pilose ; style filiform, glabrous.

Pod not seen.

Capr.—Albany Division, Dr. Atherstone.

East GRIQUALAND.—Near Newmarket, Krook No. 2631; near Currie’s Post, Schlechter

No. 6087.

Natau.—Van Reenens Pass, Krook No. 2523; near Charlestown, Wood No. 5707,

Gerrard No. 1736.

BasutToLanp.—Leribe, Dieterlen No. 112. Karrraria, Baur.

Var. Hutchinsoniana, Burit-Davy and Bak. fil. in “ Kew Bull.,” 1921, 193.

Prostrate herb. Stems hirsute. Leaves sessile or subsessile; terminal leaflets sub-

orbicular, obtuse, 30-34 mm. long, 30-33 mm. broad. Racemes reaching 15-21 em. long,

laxly-flowered. Flowers about 1 cm. long. Calyx hirsute, more or less glandular’; lobes

acuminate. Corolla apex purplish; standard yellow, with purple limes. Pod not seen.

Narat.—Karkloof, J. Wylie in Herb. Wood No. 7212; Edendale, Wood No. 4601 ;

Van Reenen, Wood No. 6674; near Northdene. Wood No. 3180.

East GRIQUALAND.—Near Clydesdale, Tyson No. 2068.

TRANSVAAL.—Johannesburg, Gilfillan No. 211.

Series 21.—Leaflets ovate-orbicular or subrhomboid, below densely gland-dotted. Flowers

10-12 mm. long, in racemes longer than the leaves. In var. Cooperi, Harvey, flowers larger.

34. R. adenodes, Ecklon and Zeyher, “Enum.,” 254; Harvey, lc. nu, 254.

R. amatymbica, Ecklon and Zeyher No. 1671 ; Copisma effuswm, H. Mey., “ Comm.,” 135.

Prostrate, subglabrous or minutely puberulous. Stipules lanceolate. Leaves trifoliolate,

petiolate ; terminal leaflets ovate-o1bicular or subrhomboid, acute or obtuse, resinous-

dotted, generally 7-25 mm. long, 10-25 mm. broad; terminal petiolule 2-3 mm. long ;

lateral leaflets unequalsided ; common petiole 10-24 mm. long. Pedwneles longer than

the leaves, shortly and closely racemose near the summit. Calya pubescent, its segments

lanceolate, longer than the tube. Standard glabrous or puberulent, glandular, longer than

the calyx. Pod hairy, 15-18 mm. long.

Cape.—Somerset Hast Division, Boschberg, Bolus No. 322; East London, #. Galpin

Na 7338; Aliwal North, Bolus No. 10472; Queenstown Dist., Mrs. Barber, E. Galpin

No. 1595; Komgha, Flanagan No. 764; near Philipstown, Hceklon No. 1670.

ZuLuLAND.—Mckenzie. TEmBukiLanp.—Kcklon No. 1671.

Narau.—Krauss No. 301; Drakensberg, Rehmann No. 7067 ; Inanda, Wood Nos. 244,

419, 297; between Greytown and Newcastle, Wilms No. 1950.

{24

my a yy } an

Hast GriovaLanp. —Near Clydesdale, Tyson No. 1447-1055; Umzumwubu Flats,

Tyson No. 1152

Karrraria.—T'. Cooper No. 155; Baur Nos. 24, 125, 761.

TRANSVAAL.—Prevoria, Rehmann No. 4648; Lydenberg, Wilms Nos. 281, 282; Fairy

Glen, Leendertz No. 318; Wakkerstroom, Beeton No. 12393 : Heidelberg, Gilfillan No. 76;

Vereeniging, Gilfillan No. 142; Standerton, Burtt-Davy No. 2323.

Var. laxiflora, Buit-Davy in Hib. Kew.

_Peduneuli elongau, laxiflori. Flores parviusculi, 7-8 mm. longi.

Narat.—Pietermaritzbure, Dr. Sutherland, Herb., Kew.

The leaflets are rhombeo-ovate pointed, 10-17 mm. long, 9-13 mm.- broad.

Var. Cooperi (f&. Cooper, Harvey, ms.)

Foliola majora late ovata vel suborbicularia. Peduneuli longi. Flores majores>

14-18 min. longi.

Easr GriIQquaALAND.—Near Fort Donald, Tyson No. 1637 ; Clydesdale, Tyson No. 2065.

ORANGE FREE Srate.—T. Cooper No. 1012.

Narau.—Guilhit’s, Wood No. 11503; Lynedoch, Wood No. 4538; Nottingham Road,

Wood No. 6042. Kretts Country,—Bowker.

This is a climbing plant with orange-coloured flowers.

Series 22.—-Flowers, 12-15 mm. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets large, softly villous.

Peduncles elongate, densely racemose beyond the muaddle.

35. R. sigmodes. Benth., ex Harvey, l.c. 1. 251.

Sigmodostyles villosa, Benth. in Hook, ** Lond. Journ..” Il, 93.

Stem robust, prostrate, softly villous. Strpules broadly triangular. Leaves trifoliolate,

subsessile or shortly petiolate ; terniinal leaflets cordate-ovate or suborbicular, rugose-

thick, velvety, 7-11 cm. long, 6-12 cm. broad. Peduncles elongate, densely racemose

beyond the middle. Calyx 7-9 mm. long, villous, its segments “longer than the tube.

Standard glabrous, 12-13 mm. long; keel 13-14 mm. long. Pod faleate, hairy, 20-28 mm.

long. sessile, obtuse.

Natau.—Near Pietermarwzburg, Aravss; near Howick, Wood Nos. 8384 and 8665 ;

Inanda, Wood No. 1059; near Pinetown, Wood No. 3406.

East GriqguALaNp.—Zuurberg, Tyson No. 1581.

TraNsvAaL._-Wilms No. 387 (forma).

Wilms No. 387, issued with a ms. name, seems a form of this species, with more angled

leaves than usual.

Series 23.-Leaflets glandular. Racemes dense, imany-flowered. Flowers about 15 mm.

long. Standard glandular.

. R. chrysantha, Schlechter, er A. Zahlb.in *‘ Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien.,”” XX (1905), 27.

Decumbent at Jength, voluble ; branches filiform, more or less compressed, angular,

puberulous. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal

leaflets ovate-suborbicular. 18-30 mm. long, 15-30 mm. broad, below glandular ; common

petiole 20-35 mm. long. Racemes longly peduncled, densely many-flowered (15-25), much

exceeding the leaves. “Calya campanulate, about 10 mm. long, glandular ; segments linear-

Janceolate. Standard obovoid, about 13 mm. long ; wings obliquely subfalcate-spathulate ;

carina boat-shaped. Ovary pilose; style filiform, elabrous. Pod not seen.

Natat.—Ixopo, Krook No. 2547, Schlechter No. 6641; District Alexandria. Wilms

No. 1305.

Easily recognized by its dense raceme, glardular leaves, and glandular standard.

130

D—STEM VOLUBLE. LEAVES NARROWER.

Serres 24.—Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets elliptic-oblong or oblong. Peduncles \-2-flowered,

shorter than leaves.

37. R. puberula, Harvey, l.c. 255.

Copisma tottum, K. Mey., “‘Comm.,” 133; Hriosema puberulum, Ecklon and Zeyher, 1677;

Hedysarum ciliatum, Thunbg. “ Fl. Cap..” 594; Desmodium ? ciliatum, D.C., “ Prod.,” I, 333.

Root woody. Stems several, spreading, prostrate or subvoluble. Stipules lanceolate.

Leaves trifoliolate, very shortly petiolate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong or oblong-rigid ; terminal

leaflets 24-30 mm. long, 8-16 mm. broad. Pedwncles 1-2-flowered, shorter than the leaves.

Flowers 10-13 mm. long. Calyx villous, 6-7 mm. long, its segmenis longer than the tube,

shorter than the petals. Standard glabrous. longer than the calyx, 10-12 mm. long ;

carina shorter than the standard. Pod sessile, very villous, 12-16 mm. long seeds.

CapE.—Galgebosch, Thunberg; Albany Division, Bowie, Burchell Nos. 3498 and 4189 ;

Visch River, Hutton; near Grahamstown, P. MacOwan No. 473; Mossel Bay Division,

Burchell No. 6210; Uitenhage, Ecklon No. 1577; Riversdale Division, near Spiegel River.

Burchell No. 7206; Kingwiliamstown Division, Tyson No. 853. Natau.—Camperdown,

Miss Franks No. 12528. British Karrraria.—T’. Cooper No. 539. TRANSVAAL.—Magalies-

berg, Burke.

Easily recognized by the several spreading subvoluble stems, the trifoliolate leaves

with rigid elliptic-oblong or oblong leaflets, and the few-flowered inflorescence shorter

than the leaves.

Series 25.—Leaves usually trifoliolate, rarely wnifoholate ; leaflets ovate, or oblong or

lanceolate, petiolate. Pedwneles 1-3-flowered.

38. R. Totta, D.C., “ Prod.,” II, 388; Harvey, lc. m, 255.

Glycine Totta, Thunberg, “Flora Cap.,” 591.

Procumbent or subvoluble Stem filiform, hispido-pubescent or glabrate. Stepules

small, ovate-lanceolate. rigid. Leaves in typical form, trifoliolate, petiolate ; leaflets in

typical form, ovate or ovate-oblong, reticulate, terminal leaflets 10-25 mm. long, 5-12 mm.

broad; common petioles 5-15 mm. long; lateral leaflets somewhat unequalsided.

Peduncles filiform, equalling the petioles or longer, 1-3-flowered. Calyx segments longer

than the tube, out shorter than the standard. Standard glabrous, 6~9 mm. long. Pod

oblong, sessile, pilose, pubescent.

Cape.—Galgebosch, T'hunberg, type ; Grahamstown, MacOwan No. 462; Humansdorp

Division, Burchell No. 4824, Burtt-Davy No. 12088.

BECHUANALAND.—Burchell Nos. 2433, 2487, 2569.

Natau.—hLadysmith, Wood No. 8254; Phoenix, Schlechter No. 3027.

The type of R. Totta in Thunberg’s Herbarium has ovate or ovate-oblong leaves.

Copisma paniculatum, KH. Mey., from Magaliesberg in the Transvaal, and Katrivierspoort,

has longer and narrower leaflets, but is not specifically distinct.

Var. Fenchelii, Schinz in “ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,” LIT, 426 (1907).

Stem grey puberulous. Leaves trifoliolate.

GREAT NAMAQUALAND.—Keetmanshoop, Fenchel No. 195.

Var. namaensis, Schinz. in Herb.

Leaves ‘viloliolate, leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, grey puberulous.

Great NAMAQUALAND.—Seeheim, ali. 4000 ft., Pearson No. 3741; Keetmanshoop,

Fenchel. Intermediate between R. Totta, D.C., and R. longiflora, Schinz.

131

Var. pilosa, Harvey. l.c. ii, 256, pro species.

Copisma pilosum, KE. Mey., “Comm.,” 133.

Stem patently pilose. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets of lower leaves ovate-oblong of the

upper linear.

Port Natau—Gueinzius ; Zunreberg and between the Omtendo and Omsameulo,

Drege.

This is hardly specifically distinct from R. Lotta, D.C.

Var. unifoliolata, Burtt-Davy, in “ Kew Bull..”” 1921, 49, pro species.

Leaves unitoliolate or trifoliolate, leaflets ovate, common petiole short, 1-2 mm.

Flowers 7-8 mm. long.

TRANSVAAL.—Ermelo, Burtt-Davy No. 17403. Hoogrvetp.—Rehmann No. 6836.

Var. brevipetiolata, Bak. fil.

Caules flexuosi, pilosi vel tomentosi. Stipulae lanceolatae. stziatae. Folia trifoliolata,

anguste oblonga vel elliptica. foliolis terminalibus 15-23 mm. longis, 5-12 mm. latis, apice

acutis, petiolo communi breyi, 2-4 mm. longo suffulta. Flores 8 mm. longi, pedunculati,

saepissime solitarri rarivs bimi. Calyx 6-7 mm. longus, pilosus. Legwmen 10-15 mm.

Jongum, pilosum.

TRANSVAAL.—Johannesburg, Jeppestown Ridge, Gilfillan Nos. 22 and 65; Nat. Herb.,

Pretoria, Nos. 6103 and 6104.

Ally of R. Totta, D.C., var. pilosa, Harvey. The noticeable features are the pilose or

tomentose stems, the short petioles. It was distributed as R. puberula, Harvey.

Var. gracilifiora (R. graciliflora Harms) in Herb. Mus. Brit.

Stems flexuous, filiform, pubescent or nearly glabrous. Stvpules lanceolate, longi-

tudinally striate, 4-5 mm. long. Leaves irifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets linear-

lanceolate, glabrous above with a few scattered hairs below, 3-4-5 cm. long, 3-5 mm.

broad ; terminal petiolules 4 mm. Jong; lateral leaflets slightly unequalsided at base ;

common petioles 15-25 mm. long. Peduncles slender, generally one-flowered. Calyx

hairy ; segments lanceolate, longer than the tube, but shorter than the corolla. Standard

elabrous, 7-9 mm. long. Pod about 16 mm. long, hairy outside, seeds reddish brown.

Capr.—Queenstown, HL. Galpin No. 1547. Navau.—Mooi River, J. Webb No. 7011.

East GriqguaLanp.—Kokstad, Tyson No. 1336. Basutotanp.—Leribe, Mrs. Dreterlen

No. 6839. Orance Free State.—Bethlehem, 7. Potgieter No. 59.

TRANSVAAL.— Lydenberg, Wilms No. 367; Modderfontein, Conrath No. 259; near

Pretoria, Bolus No. 7750; Ermelo, G. McCall No. 7592; Davel, W. J. Wayland, sine no. ;

near Pretoria, Pole-Evans No. 51.

A plant from Camperdown, Franks (Com. Medley Wood No. 11826), is a form of this

species.

Differs from the type of R. Totta in Thunberg’s Herbarium by the linear lanceolate

leaves.

39. R. longiflora, Schinz in “ Bot. Verh. Brand.,” XXX, 168 (1889).

Stems slender, voluble, pilose. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets narrow,

lanceolate, acute, mucronate, 13-30 mm. long, 2-5-5 mm. broad; terminal petiolules

2 mm.; lateral leaflets 1nequalsided ; common petiole reaching 8 mm. long. Peduneles

axillary, two-flowered. Calyx bilabiate ; segments as long as or a little longer than the

tube. Standard glabrous, 22 mm. long: keel about the same Iength ; wings shorter,

about 13 mm. long. Pod pilose, sessile, about 23 mm. long and 7 mm. broad.

Great NAMAQUALAND.—Osis.

132

Noticeable on account of the narrow lanceolate terminal leaflets and two-flowered

racemes.

R. amboense, Schinz.. is allied, bu ihe flowers are smaller.

R. Totta. D.C., var. namaensis, Schinz, seems intermediate between FR. Tofta and the

present species. Flowers longer than in R. Totta, D.C.

Series 26.—Leaflets lanceolate ov oblong-lanceolate, when young sericeous. Flowers

8-10 niin. long, 1 @ very lax raceme.

40. R. elegantissima, Schinz. in “ Viertelahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,” LIT, 428 (1907).

R. sericea, Conrath in Herb., Kew.

Suffruter with flexuous, filiferm branches. Stepules longitudinally striate. Leaves

trifeliolate, petiolate; terminal Icaflets lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long and 8-12 mm. broad ;

terminal petiolules 2-3 mm. long; lateral leaflets slightly unequalsided ; common petiole

8-15 mm. long. Racemes tew-flowored, very lax. Flowers 8-10 mm. long. — Calyw seg-

ments acuminate, shorter than ihe standard. Standard 7-9 mm. long. Pod 15-17 mm.

long, pubescent, seeds dark coloured.

TRANSVAAL.._Rehmann No. 5545; near Pretoria, Conrath No. 258; Onderstepoort,

A. O. D. Mogg No. 15674.

A suffrutex with flexuous branches. The young foliage is silvery, the leaflets are

lanceolate.

Series 27.—Leaflets oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, tomentose. Flowers 10-12 mm.

long, in very lax few-flowered racemes. Stems rufo-tomentose.

41. R. venulosus, K. Schum. im “Just Jahrb.,’ XXVII. 496.

Dolicholus venulosus, Hiern. in ~* Cat. Welw. Afr. Pl..” 1, 271: R. connamomea, Schinz. in

“ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,” LIT, 429 (1907); R. remota, Conrath in “ Kew Bull.”

(1908), 224.

Stem “erete, densely rufo-tomentose, scandent. Stipules small. Leaves trifoliolate,

oblong, ovate or ovate-lanceolate tomentose ; terminal leafleis 20-35 mm. long. 10-14 mm.

broad; lateral leaflets base more or less oblique; common petioles 10-15 mm. long.

Racemes axillary, very lax, 2-5-flowered ; pedicels densely pubescent, 2-3 mm. long. Calyx

7 mm. long; segments acuminate, longer than the tube. Standard 8-11 mm. long. Pod

oblong, pilose, about 2 cm. long.

TRANSVAAL. -Magalissberg, A. Schlechter Ne. 4162; Witpoortje. near Johannesburg,

Conrath No. 262; Mooi River, Burke; Rustenburg, Olive Nation No. 157.

BECHUANALAND.—Kuruman Hills, Burchell No. 2172.

Hasily recognized by the terete, scandent, cinnamon-coloured, hirsute 01 tomentose

stem, and very lax 2-5-flowered racemes.

Zeyher No. 515 is this species.

Series 28.—-Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, or ovate. Peduneles

slender, longer than the leaves, 1-6-flowered at the summit. Pod stipntate.

12. R. glandulosa, D.C., “ Prod.,” II, 388; Harvev, lc. 256.

tlycine glandulosa, Thunberg, ‘Cap.,” 591: Glycine heterophylla, Thunberg, “ Cap.,”

592; Copisma glandulosum, EH. Mey., ““Comm..” 133; Rhynchosia glandulosa, riparia,

glabra, Ecklon and Zeyher; Glycine glabra, Spreng ; New Entdack, iti, 54.

Rhynchosia glabra, D.C., “ Prod.,” II, 387; Copisma glabrum, K. Mey., “Comm.,” 134.

Prostrate ov voluble, glabrous or downy. Stipules ovate or sublanceolate. Leaves

trifoliolate, petiolate; leaftets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, or ovate; terminal leaflets

10-30 mm. long, 3-ls mm. broad, resinous-doited and paler beneath. Peduneles slender,

135

longer than the leaves, 1-6-flowered at the summit. Calyx tube shorter than the lanceo-

late segments. Standard glabrous. Pod stipulate, glabrous or downy, 16-18 mma. long,

tapering at base into a stipe 2-4 mm. long.

Capr.—Common on stony hills from Capetown to Uitenhage and Albany.

Series 29.—Leaflets linear, below resinous-punctate. Pedicels axillary one-flowered.

43. R. rigidula, D.C., “ Prod.,” Il, 388.

Stem erect, retrorsely cano-pubescent. Leaflets linear, mucronate, pubescent, below

resinous-punctate. Pedicels axillary, one-flowered, at the middle inflexed, then deflexed,

the length of the petiole. Pod subvillose, one-seeded, oblong.

Care.—Burchell No. 2587.

This is only known to me from De Candolle’s description, of which the above is a trans-

lation. I think there is some error in the number. as this number belongs to a plant of

another family.

K.—_STEMS RIGID OR SUBRIGID, USUALLY ERECT.

Series 30. Leaves trifoliolate, subsessile or shortly petiolate, terminal leaflets elliptic-

oblong ov lanceolate-oblong. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, closely few-flowered in var.

densiflora, mostly terminal and move densely flowered.

44. R. Orthodanum, Benth.. ex Harvey, |.c. 257; Wood, ‘“ Natal Plants,” t. 220.

Orthodanum latifoliwm, sordidum, anc argentewm, HW. Mey., “Comm.,” 131-2:

4 se

EHriosema sericeum, Ecklon and Zeyher, “ Knum.,” 256.

Erect suffruticose, silky-villous or glabrescent. Stepules lanceolate. Leaves irifoliolate,

subsessile, or shortly petiolate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, or oblanceolate,

20-60 mm. long, 5-20 mm. broad. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, closely few-flowered.

Calyx 8-10 mm. long; lobes lanceolate-acuminate, much longer than the tube, either

shorter or longer than the standard. Standard glabrous, suborbicular-obovate ; keel

boat-shaped. Pod 12-16 mm. long, silky. sometimes glabrescent.

Carn. Winierberg, anove Philipstown, Kai River. Eeklon and Zeyher, Kentani,

s i Y

Miss Pegler.

Natat.—Port Natal, Drege, Krauss No. 374; in open ground all over the Colony,

fide Wood.

British Karrrarta.—t’. Cooper No. 294.

TRANSVAAL. Near Crocodile River, R. Schlechter No. 3921; Johannesburg, Di. Rand

No. 951.

Var. Muhlenbeckii, Harvey, |.c. 257.

Orthodanum Muhlenbeckii and O. glabratum, Meisner in Hook, ‘‘ Lond. Journ.,”’ I, 91-2.

Stems dwarf. Leaves avd flowers smaller, terminal; leaflets generally 10-15 mm.

Jone, 83-7 mm. broad.

Capr.—Near Kromme River, Uitenhage; Albany Division; Uitenhage. Bowre ;

(Jueenstown. EL. Galpin No. 1958,

Var. nov. densifiora.

Pedunculi saspissine terminale copiose florifert.

Natav.—District Alexandra, HW. Ridatis No. 1349.

This species is variable in size and shape of leaflets. It occurs as far north as Graza-

land, where it was collected near Chipete by C. PF. 1. Swynnerton.

Series 31. Terminal leaflets broad, cinereous-tomentose, Racemes few-flowered. Flowers

16-17 mm. long.

134

15. R. spectabilis, Schinz in “ Vierteljahrschrift Nat. Ges. Zurich,’ LV, 236 (1910).

Fruticose, stems canotomentose. Stupules small, hairy. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ;

terminal leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular ovate, base cordate or subcordate, 3-5 cm.

long, 3-5-5 em. broad ; terminal petiolules 8-10 mm. long; lateral leaflets unequalsided,

all markedly reticulate ‘and canotomentose below. Racemes few-flowered, shorter than the

leaves. Calyx canotomentose externally, about 11 mm. long; lobes lanceolate. Standard

covered with white hairs externally ; keel about as long as the standard. Hod 20-25 mm.

long, apiculate, hairy.

TRANSVAAL.—Moord Drift, R. Schlechter No. 4310, Leendertz No. 2228.

A canotomentose shrub with tew-flowered racemes, and flowers 16-17 mm. long.

Series 32.—Leaves shortly petiolate, terminal leaflet oval or suborbicular. Raceme

shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Stem terete.

46. R. Rudolfi, Harms. in “ Notizblatt. Bot. Gard.,” Berlin, B.Ld. VIII, 156 (1922).

Species ad R. ambacensem, K. Schum (Dolicholum ambacensem, Hiern) affinis. Caulis

rigidus, erectus, ferrugineo-tomentosus. Stvpulae ferrugineo-tomentosae mox delapsae.

Folia trifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus ovalibus vel ovali-suborbicularibus utrinque tomen-

tosis, 4-4-5 cm. longis, 25-33 mm. latis, foliolis lateralibus seep minoribus, 3-3°5 em.

longis, 15-30 mm. latis, petiolo communi ferrugineo-tomentoso 5-10 mm. longo suffulta

petiolulis foliolorum terminalium 6-8 mm. longis etiam ferrugineo-tomentosis. Racemi foliis

breviores saepius 2—3-flori, rhachi ferrugineo- -tomentosa. Calycis tubus brevis extus ferru-

gineo-tomentosus, lobis angustis lineari-lanceolatis tubo multoties longioribus. Petala

delapsa. Ovarium pilis albidis dense villosum.

TRANSVAAL.—Near Crocodile River, alt. 1600 m., R. Schlechter No. 3910, Herb. Zurich

This is an erect plant. the stem being ferrugineo-tomentose. The leaves are trifoliolate,

the terminal leaflets are longer than they are broad. The racemes are 2-3-flowered. Calyx

13-14 mm. long, of which the tube is only 4 mm. It differs from R. ambacensis, K Schum,

by the shape of the terminal leaflets and the tomentum. It is also alhed to R. spectabilis,

Schinz.

Series 33.—Leaflets ovate or orbicular-ovate. Peduncles axillary, two-flowered. Flowers

18-20 mm. long. :

47. R. komatiensis, Harms in Engler’s “ Jahrb.,’ XXVI, 306.

Fruticose erect, branches pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate, shortly petiolate ; terminal

leaflets ovate or orbicular-ovate, 15-27 mm. long, 12-20 mm. broad ; lateral leaflets unequal-

sided ; common petiole 5-10 mm. long, tomentose. Peduncles axillary, short, about two-

flowered ; pedicels equalling calyx or shorter. Oalyx obliquely campanulate ; teeth ovate ;

lowest longest. Corolla about 18 mm. long, about three times the length of the calyx ;

standard pilose externally. Ovary and young pod densely hirsute.

TRANSVAAL.—Between Spitzkop and the Komati River, Wilms No. 374: Shilovane,

Junod No. 541.

A shrub with ovate or ovate-orbicular leaflets and two-flowered peduncles. The

corolla is about three times the length of the calyx, which is an interesting feature of this

species.

Section 34.—Leaves petiolate, terminal leaflet ovate-lanceolate. Racemes shorter than the

leaves. Flowers large. Standard 15-18 mm. long in type. Upper calycine lobes shorter than

lowest lobe.

48. R. clivorum, S. Moore in ‘“‘ Journ. Bot.,” XVI, 151 (1878).

Suffruticose erect. Stipules rather large, oblong-acuminate. Leaves irifoliolate, petio-

late ; terminal leaflet ovate-lanceolate, below conspicuously nerved, 5-6 cm. long, 18-25 mm.

broad; lateral leaflets unequalsided. Racemes shorter than the leaves, few-flowered,

135

Flowers yellow, perfumed. Calys lobes oblong, acute, unequal ; lower longer, slightly longer,

than the keel ; upper somewhat broader ; tube about 5 mm. long ; lowest lobe 11-12 mm.

long. Standard 15-18 mm. long, ovate, about as long as the carina ; carina boat-shaped,

obtuse, base longly unguicelate. Pod about 15 mm. long, seeds subreniform.

TRANSVAAL.—Near Pilgrims Rest, J. McLea No. 3033 ; Ivy Range, alt. 5000 ft., Thorn-

croft No. 342.

Var. nov. longicalycina.

Folia trifololata, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis. Calycis lobis inferioribus, 20-22 mm.

longisquam religuiis et carinam longioribus, calyx in toto 26-28 mm. longus.

TRANSVAAL.—Pietersburg, Isobel MacCallum No. 1415, Herb. Kew.

This variety differs in having a longer calyx and rather longer leaflets.

This species is a small shrub and is easily recognized by the erect habit, large flowers,

and ovate-lanceolate leaflets.

R. pycnantha, Harms, is doubttully distinct.

Series 35.—Silky-silvery plants. Leaves trifoliolate. ‘Raceme few-flowered, generally

shorter than leaves, rarely longer. Flowers 16-23 mm. long. Standard pubescent.

(a} Leaflets broadly ovate or cordate-ovate.

49, R. nitens, Benth., in Harvey, |.c. 257.

Erect sufiruiicose, everywhere silky-silvery. Stem terete or subterete. Stzpules obsolete .

Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; terminal leaflets broadly ovate or cordate-ovate ; lateral

leaflets unequalsided ; common petiole, 6-12 mm. Racemes 2-3-flowered, shorter than the

leaf. Flowers 16-18 mm. long, yellow. Calyx much shorter than the petals, 7-8 mm. long,

lobes shorter than the tube. Standard pubescent, 16-18 mm. long, about twice as long as the

ealyx ; carina boat-shaped, a little shorter than the standard. Pod densely pilose, 3 cm.

Jong.

TRANSVAAL.—Magaliesberg, Burke and Zeyher; Waterkloof, Pretoria, I. C. Verdoorn

No. 40; Meintjes Kop, Pole-Evans No. 356.

This is an erect suffrutex with silky-silvery foliage and yellow flowers. The standard

is pubescent and about twice as long as the calyx.

(b) Leaflets longer, oblong-obovate. Flowers larger.

50. R. Galpini, sp. nov.

Suffrutex erectus, caulibus juvenilibus tomentosis. Folia trifoholata, praecique subtus

argenteo-sericea, foliolis terminalibus oblongo-obovatis, 4-5 cm. longis, 2-2-5 em. latis,

foliolis lateralibus inaequilateralibus, angustioribus 3-5-4 cm. longis, 12-15 mm. latis,

petiole communi 3-6 mm. longo praedita. Racemi pluriflori. Flores majusculi, 20-23 mm.

longi. Vemillum extus pilis vestitum calyce distincte longius. Calyx extus pubescens,

in toto 10 mm. longus, dentibus lanceolatis 5 mm. longis tubo subaequilongis. Ovariuni

pilis flavidis vestitum. Leguwmen ignotum.

TRANSVAAL. Barberton, mountain sides, Musidora, H. H. Galpin No. 442. Differs

from R. nitens in the much longer and differently shaped leaflets.

Series 36——Leaves petiolate, terminal leaflets rhombeo-ovate, softly pubescent below:

Flowers pedicellate. Standard 18 mm. long.

51. R. Bakeri, Schinz in “ Bull. Herb. Boiss,” Ser. TI (1908). 628.

Fruticose probably erect, branches pilose. Strpules not seen. Leaves petiolate trifolio-

late, terminal leaflets rhomboideo-ovate or suborbicular-ovate, coriaceous apex shortly

acuminate, about 6 cm. long and 5 cm. broad; lateral leaflets unequalsided ; common

petiole 25 mm. long. Inflorescence racemose. Calyx hirsute, the lowest segment being

longer than the rest. Standard glandular externally, about 18 mm. long and 12 mm. broad ;

wings about 3 mm. broad; carina 15 mm. long, blunt and somewhat longer than the

wings. Ovary and young pods densely hirsute,

TRANSVAAL. —Terminus of Selati Railway, Junod No. 1585.

A shrub with trifoliolate leaves and rhomboid-ovate leaflets. The calyx is glandular,

also the standard.

Series 37.—Leaves wiseadly hairy and reson-dotted. small, oblong, bullate. Peduncles

short, 1-2-flowered.

lod

52. R. bullata. Benth.. ex Harvey and Sonder, l.c. ii, 257.

Hidrosia bullata, BK. Mey., “ Comm.,” 89; R. wncinata, Schlechter in Herb. Mus. Brit-

Shrubby erect, branched, viscidly hairy, and resin-dotted. Stipules ovate-acuminate.

longer than the petiole. Leaves trifoliolate, on very short petioles ; leaflets oblong, small,

bullate, with recurved margins; terminal leaflets 5-8 mm. long, 2-3:5 mm. broad.

Peduncles scarcely longer than the lezves, 1-2-flowered. Calyx glandular ; lobes scarcely

longer than the tube. Standard glabrous.'12-15 mm. long, with a longish claw; carina

equalling the vexillum. Pod 10-12 mm. long, oblong, compressed, sparsely pilose.

Care.—Clanwillian Div., Wupperthal, Drege, Bolus No. 8990; Packhuis Berg, R.

Schlechter No. 8661.

A very distinct species, being an erect. viscidly hairy little shrub. The peduncles are

short and 1—2-flowered.

Series 38.—Terminal leaflets elliptical. Racemes rather longly peduncled. Stems dis-

tinctly angled.

53. R. angulosa, Schinz in “ Bull. Herb. Boiss.,” Ser. If (1908), 628.

Rootstock woody, branches somewhat flexuous, angled, canopilose. Stipules lanceolate:

Leaves trifoliolate, very shortly petiolate ; terminal leaflets elliptical hairy on the back,

3-4-5 cm. long, 10-20 mm. broad; lateral leaflets somewhat smaller; common petiole

canopilose 2-4 mm. long. Racemes axillary, longly peduncled. about as long as leaves

or slightly shorter. Calya pilose with long hairs; tube 3 mm. long; the lowest segment

is about 9mm. long. and is longer than the: upper secments. Standard glabrous. 13-15 mm.

long, 10 mm. broad; carina blunt ; wings narrow. Pod 20-23 mm. long and about 7 mm.

broad.

TRANSVAAL.—Mountain sides, Barberton, H. Galpin No. 1095, alt. 4500-5000 ft. ;

Messina, near Barberton. Galpin No. 507.

This is a dwarf shrub with angular stems, trifoliolate very shorcly petiolate leaves,

and a raceme of 3-8 orange-coloured flowers, the standard beimg streaked and reddish.

Series 39. —Terminal leaflet obovate, base cuneate. Racemes longer than the leaves, many-

flowered.

54. R. Woodii, Schinz in * Bull. Herb. Boiss ~ (1894). 197, tab. in, figs. A-F.

Stem erect, cano-pubescent, longitudinally striate. Strpules lanceolate, subacuminate,

Leaves ‘vifoliolate, subsessile or petiole very short, terminal leaflets obovate or oblong-

obovate ; lateral leaflets unequalsided. Racemes longer than the leaves, many-flowered.

Peduncles canescent-tomentose. Flowers yellow, the standard being striate with brown

lines. Calyx hairy, segments lanceolate, two uppermost connate, 6—7 min. long, distinctly

shorter than the petals. Standard obovate glabrous, 10-12 mm. long; wings spurred

unguiculate ; carina boat-shaped, apex obtuse, base uaguiculate. Pod 18-20 mm. long,

glabrous, pointed, seeds black, reniform, 6 mm. log.

Natat.—Imanda, Wood No. 1884, Rehmann No. 8411, Wood No. 6627.

An easily vecognized shrub with obovate terminal leaflets, racemes longer than the

leaves, and yellow flowers, the standard being striate with brown lines.

Series 40.—Leaves silky-silvery or cinereous pubescent, Flowers 8-12 mm. long, in long

yacemes longer than the leaves,

137

5. R. albissima, Gandoger in “Bull. Soc. Bot., France,” LX, 461, 1913

R. memnonia, Harvey pro-parte ; Wood, “Natal Plants,” t. 349.

Cauhs rigidus, cano-tomentosus, longitudinaliter striatus. Stipulae lanceolatae, caducae.

Foha trifoliolata petiolata, foliolis terminalibus rhombeo-obovatis, 2-3 cm. longis, 2-2-5 em.

latis, petiolulis terminalibus 6-8 mm. longis, foliolis lateralibus inaequilateralibus, petiolo

communi saepissime, 15-20 mm. longis. Racemi axillares, folio longiores, multiflori. Flores

penduli, 8-12 mm. longi. Calyx canescenti-tomentosus, 6--7 mm. longus, segmentis acumi-

natis. Veaillum extus pilis vestitum. Carina vexillo subaequilonga. Legumen canescenti-

tomentosum. 12-15 mm. longum.

TRANSVAAL.— Magaliesberg, Burke; near Aapies River, Schlechter No. 3619; Gezina,

near Pretoria, A. O. D. Mogg No. 10082: above Aapies River, Rehmann No. 4374; Harte-

beestpoort, Miss Findlay No. 21.

ZuLULAND.—Ntondweni, J. Wylie (Wood No. 9197); Umsundusi, Wood No. 3954.

Easily recognized by the whole plant being tomentose-canescent ; the stems are rigid,

the terminal leaflets rhombeo-ohovate, the: racemes longer than the leaves, many-flowered ;

the flowers are yellow.

This is not R. memnonia, D.C.

Between Lourenco Marques and Komatipoort, Bolus No. 7751.

56. R. Pegleri, sp. nov.

Caulis strictus, virgatus, pubescens, longitudinaliter striatus. Stvpulae angustae

lineari-lanceolatae. Folia trifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus rhombeo-ovatis, 18-22 mm.

longis et latis, punctatis foliolis lateralibus inaequilateralibus, petiolo pubescente, 14-25 mm.

longo suffulta. Racemi densi multiflori, pedunculi folio longiores. Flores 10-11 mm. longi.

Calyx in toto 9-10 mm. longus, pubescens, dentibus infimis, 7 mm. longis. Veawllum extus

pubescens, in toto 10 mm. Jongam. Carina apice obtusa. Ovarvum pilis vestitum. Leqimen

ignotum.

Kenrant.—Valleys, Miss Alice Pegler No. 156.

A plant allied in some respects to R. adenodes, from which it differs in its much thicker

virgate stem. The standard is hairy externally. The calyx tube is 3 mm. long, the upper

teeth 6 mm. long, the lower 7 mm.

Series 41._Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets narrow. Flowers solitary on peduncles longer than

the leaves.

57. R. pauciflora, Bolus in “Trans. 8. Af. Phil. Soc.,” XVI, 383 (1906).

Suffruter with virgate stems. Stipules small. Renna tritoholate, subsessile or shortly

petiolate ; leaflets rigid, narrow, either linear-oblong or linear, margins distinctly revolute ;

terminal leaflets 4-6 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, midrib helow conspicuous. Pedaneles longer

than the leaves, bent just below the flower. Calyx lobes lanceolate, distinctly longer than

the corolla, total length of calyx 15-16 mm. Petals 10-12 mm. long; keel boat-shaped ;

standard glabrous. “Ovary hairy. Pod 3-5-4 em. long, apiculate.

Swazitanp.—Birtt-Davy No. 2825. Transvaat..—Spitskop, R. Pott No. 5062.

A virgate shrub with trifoliolate leaves and narrow rigid leaflets; the peduncles are

one-flowered and lor ver than the leaves, and the calyx is longer than the corolla.

Series 42.—-Leaves trifoliolate. Pedineles longer than leaves, few-flowered. Stem rigid

or flexuous.

58. R. viscidula, Steud., ““Nom.,” ed. 2, U1, 254; Harvey, Ic. 252.

Copisma viscidulum, KH. Mey., “Comm.,” 134.

Stem fruticulose. rigid ov subvoluble. Stvpules lanceolate or ovate or subrotund, below

glandulose-punctete, 8-11 mm. long, 10-18 mm. broad ; common petioles 10-22 mm, long ;

138

lateral leaflets unequalsided. Racemes longly peduncled, few-flowered. Flowers 10-12 mm.

long; pedicels 3 mm. long. Calyx lobes longer than tubes. Oarina boat-shaped, blunt.

about 11 mm. long. Pods sessile, oblong, viscoso-pubescent.

NAMAQAULAND.—Khamiesberg, W. Pearson; Ceres Division, Koude Bockeveld,

R. Schlechter No. 8875.

EK. Meyer divides this species into :—

(a) nemorale magis yolulile, foliolis majoribus tenuioribus subcordatis piloso-

pubescentibus.

Lirtte NamaquaLann.— Kasparskloof, Drége.

(b) campestrevia voluble, foliolis minutis firmioribus subortundis sutomentose-

pubescentibus.

Lirtte NAMAQUALAND.—Between Koussie and Garip, Drége.

59. R. Schlechteri, sp. nov.

Species ad R. viscadulam, Steud., valde accedens. Caulis flexuosus. Strpulae lanceolataes

acuminatae. Folia trifoliolata, petiolata, foliola terminalia ovata acuta, 12-15 mm. longa»

10-12 mm. lata, longiora quam lata, foliolis lateralibus ovato-ianceolatis, 10-16 mm. longis,

9-12 mm. latis, petiolulia terminalibus 5 mm. longis, petiolo communi 8-20 mm. longo suffulta.

Peduncula 2-6-6-5 cm. longi, pauciflori. Flores lutei, 10-12 mm. longi. Calycis tubus

campanulatus, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis quam petala brevioribus. Vewxillum glabrum.

Carina obtusa, 11 mm. longa.

NAMAQUALAND,—Between Spektakel and Komaggas, Bolus No. 6559; Brach-

damm, Schlechter No. 1115. A glandular plant.

Differs entirely from the preceding in the shape of the leaflets; the lateral leaflets are

unequalsided, ovate, acute, 10-16 mm. long, 9-12 mm. broad.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

R. trichodes, Harvey, 1.c. 258 (Copisma trichodes, E. Mey., “Comm.,” 134).

Stem [procumbent, flexuous, very hairy, with patent yellow hairs. Leaflets elliptic

oblong, subacute, netted veined, yellow hairy on both sides, gland-dotted beneath, equalling

the petiole. Peduncles one-flowered, equalling the leaf. Legumes unripe, straightish, villous.

CarrE.—Drége, no locality assigned.

The “ Index Kewensis” refers this species to R. Totta, D.C.

R. nitida, Harvey, l.c. (Copisma mitidum, E. Mey., “Comm.,” 136).

Stem terete, filiform, voluble, glabrescent. Leaves broadly triangular, lateral scarcely

unequalsided, glabrous, and shining on both sides, ciliate. Racemes equalling the leaves,

few-flowered. Flowers suberect, pedicels equalling the pubescent, nearly glandless calyx.

Pod falcate, glabrescent, about three-seeded.

Capr.—Grassy hills near Omsameulo, Drege.

({f the description is correct, this cannot be a species of Rhynchosia, as the ovary in this

genus only has two ovules.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

R. Rehmanni, Schinz = Fagelia bituminosa, D.C.

R. ficifolia, Benth, = Puerana ficifolia, C.B.. Clarke,

THE GENERA ALOE AND MESEMBRYAN-

THEMUM

AS REPRESENTED IN THUNBERG'S HERBARIUM.

By N. HE. Brown.

ALOE.

THE Kew Herbarium having acquired, through the courtesy of Professor H. O. Juel,

Director of Upsala Botanic Garden, the loan of the type specimens of the genera Aloe and

Mesembryanthemum collected in South Africa by Thunberg, I have had the opportunity

to carefully examine and compare them with the material at Kew, and have thought it

would be useful to future workers upon these genera to give an account of the specimens

and my identifications of them.

During my long career at Kew | have on several previous occasions had the privilege

of being able to examine Thunberg’s types of various orders and genera, and in all cases

have made notes of my comparisons upon the sheets in the Kew Herbarium. In all the

genera that I have previously examined Thunberg’s material has usually been quite

satisfactory and often excellent, but in the genus Aloe this is unfortunately not the case,

for the specimens of most of the species consist of detached leaves and flower-stems, and

in some instances the leaves and flowers of what are supposed to represent one species

belong to two different species or even different genera. This is so unlike the usual

excellence of Thunberg’s specimens that it must be attributed to the succulent nature and

often large size of the plants and the difficulty Thunberg must have had in properly making

good, dried specimens of them while travelling as he did at that date. It seems evident

that his specimens of detached leaves and flowers must have become mixed in the press,

and that he sometimes forgot which leaves belonged to the flowers; hence, the mixture.

As I have very rarely found a locality written upon the sheet containing the specimen,

Thunberg must have had some separate notes connecting the localities, as given in his

“ Flora Capensis,” ed. Schultes, with the specimens.

From Professor Juel’s account of Thunberg’s Herbarium, it would appear that

Thunberg brought his collection, or some part of it, to Hurope mounted upon small sheets

of thin paper, and remounted them on larger sheets of thicker paper after his return to

Sweden. In doing this it is quite possible that some of the mixtures of species may have

been made.

In the account of them which follows, the species have been arranged alphabetically

under the names that Thunberg used in his * Flora Capensis,”” ed. Schultes, for convenience

of reference ; and for the sake of brevity I have quoted this work throughout as Thunb.,

a Hla Cap a:

ALOE, Linn.

A. arachnoides, Thunb., “ Diss. Aloe,” p. 7 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap..” p. 311.

The specimen consists of three tufts of leaves and three racemes of flowers; all of

the latter, I believe, are detached, but have been inserted among the leaves, and only that

of the middle specimen can belong, as the other two flower-stems certainly belong, to a

140

different plant. The leaves belong to Haworthia arachnoidea, Duval, “ Pl. Suce. Hort.

Alenconia,” p. 7 (1809) ; H. arachnoides, Haw., ~ Synop.,” p. 96 (1812) ; Aloe arachnoidea,

Miller, ~ Gard. Dict.,” ed. 8, No. 17 (1768), as generally understood.

The locality given by Thunberg is Karroo near Zwartkops Zoutpan, in Uitenhage

Division.

A. dichotoma, Thunb., “ FJ. Cap.” p. 309.

The type specimen of this species consists of two short, longitudinal sections of the stem,

one showing the very smooth bark and the other the interior fibre, and one leaf. It

is the plant understood by this name, but the earliest publication of it is Aloe dichotoma,

Masson in “* Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.,” Lond. (1776), Vol. LX VI, Part I, p. 310, where the

following description is given: ~ We found a new species of Aloe here (Masson and Thunberg

were then, on 2nd November, 1774, ascending the Bokkeveld Mountains), called by the

“Dutch Koker Boom, of which the Hottentots make quivers to hold their arrows; it being

of a soft, fibrous consistence, which they can easily cut out, leaving only the bark, which is

hard and durable. These trees were about 12 feet high, with a straight, smooth trunk,

about 10 inches or a foot (in) diamater and 5 or 6 feet in length, which divided into two

branches, and those were again sub-divided into two more branches, which terminated in

a bunch of thick, succulent leaves surrounding the stem, spear-shaped, entire, without

spines, and hanging down lke the leaves of Dracaena draco. We did not see it in flower,

but by the above characters took it for a new species, and called it Aloe dichotoma.” This

name is usually quoted as having been given by Linnaeus fil., “* Suppl.,” p. 206, but that

work was not published until 1781. five years later than the publication of Masson’s

description, which is also a far better one than that of the younger Linné.

A. disticha, Thunb., ~ Diss. Aloe,” p. 7 (1785), and * Fl. Cap.,” p. 311, not of Linnaeus.

There are two sheets bearing this name, numbered | and 2. Both contain very good

specimens of a new species of Gasteria, nearly allied to G. verrucosa, Haw., but differing

from that species by the leaves being little more than half as broad at the base, with more

parallel sides and more acute and somewhat spine-pointed at the apex, and with smaller

and more prominent white tubercles than those of G. verrucosa. The following is a

description of it :—

Gasteria Thunbergii, N.H.Br.

Leaves strictly two-ranked, 3-7 inches long, 6-8 limes broad just above the sheath,

and of nearly equal width to about 6-9 lines below the tip, where they taper sharply into

a fine spine-like point. The surface on both sides and the margins are very rough from

being thickly covered with small, white, very prominent tubercles. The jlower-stems

are detached, but probably belong to the leaves; they are about 18 inches long, but were

evidently longer, and are unbranched, 23 lines thick. Flowers 7-9 lines apart. Bracts

3-4 lines long, reflexed, deltoid, acuminate, membranous. Pedicels 6-8 lines long, reflexed.

Perianth (above its articulation with the pedicel) 11 lines long, curved, inflated at the

lower part.

Thunberg does not give the locality of this species.

A. humilis, Thunb., ‘ Diss. Aloe.” p. 6 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 311.

This is A. humilis, Miller, * Abr. Gard. Dict..” ed. 6, No. 10 (1771).

The specimen consists of a small tuft of leaves and two good flowering stems. The

sheet is labelled on the back as being from a plant cultivated in the Botanic Garden at

Upsala.

A. lingua, Thunb., “ Diss. Aloe,” p. 8 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 312.

This is A. plicatilis, Miller, ~ Gard. Dict.,” ed. 8, No, 7 (1768); A. linguaeformas,

\Lrvatiai,, tt, Suppl... p. 206 (1781), not of Miller,

[41

The specimen consists of two leaves and two flowering stems. It was collected on

mountains at Roode Zand, near Tulbagh Waterfall.

A. lingua, Thunb., is wrongly quoted by Baker in the ~ Fl. Cap.,” Vol. VI, p. 291

(although omitted from the index), as being partly Gasteria disticha, whilst A. linguaeformis,

Linn. f.,is not quoted at all, no attention having been paid to Haworth’s correct statement

in * Phil. Mag.,”” Nov. (1827), Vol. Il, p. 353, that Thunberg’s plant was Rhipidodendrum

distichum, Willd. in * Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag.,” Vol. V, p. 165 (1811), which is a synonym

of Aloe plicatilis.

A. maculata, Thunb., “ Diss. Aloe,” p. 8 (1785), and ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 311.

There are two sheets of this marked @ and £.

Sheet @ contains portions of two leaves and a raceme of what I believe to be

Gasteria pulchra, Haw., “ Svnop.,” p. 86 (1812).

Sheet 3 (which also has the name ~ obliqua, Haw.,’ written upon it in pencil) contaims

the apical half of some large and broad-leaved species of Gasteria, totally different from

G. pulchra, which | cannot identify, and two inflorescences of some species of Aloe that

are indeterminable.

Thunberg states that A. maculata grows on the Outeniqua Mountains, and often

cultivated at Capetown, so that his specimens may have been partly obtained from both

places.

A. perfoliata, Thunb., ~ Diss. Aloe.” p. 5 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap..” p. 310.

There are three sheets bearing this name, marked a, 3, and ;.

Sheet @ contains one leaf about 7 inches long and 2? inches broad, a tuft of four small

leaves about 24 inches long and J inch broad, and two single flowers. These fragments

may really belong to three different species ; it is not possible to name them with certainty.

Sheet § contains part of a leaf and two inflorescences, which I believe to belong to

A. latifolia, Haw., “* Synop.,” p. 82 (1812).

Sheet 7 contains part of a leaf and a flower-spike of A. vera, Linn., ~ Sp. PL..” p. 320.

The locality given by Thunberg for A. perfoliata is the Karroo beyond Swellendam,

on the sides of mountains. Sheet 7, however, is labelled on the back as having been sent

from the West Indies by Forsstr6m, where A. vera has been introduced from the Canaries.

A. picta, Thunb., ~ Diss. Aloe,” p. 6 (1785), and ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 310.

This species is not represented by any specimen so named in Thunberg’s Herbarium.

He founded it upon A. perfoliata, vars. 0, 4, w, v, Linn., * Sp. Pl..” ed. 1, p. 320.

A. pumala, Thunb., “Diss. Aloe,” p. 7 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 311.

There are two sheets so named, marked a and {.

Sheet a contains a tuft of leaves of Haworthia fasciata, Haw.. ~ Suppl.,” p. 57 (1819),

on the left-hand side, and on the right-hand side a tuft of leaves of Haworthia granata,

Haw., ~ Suppl.,” p. 57 (1819). Each of these tufts has a flower-stem placed among them,

but detached, which may or may not belong to the leaves; [ am rather doubtiul if they are

properly placed.

Sheet 3 contains two leaves and a paniculately branched flowering-stem of what

I believe to be Haworthia margaritifera, Haw., ~ Suppl..” p. 55 (1819), but the material is

too poor to make the identification certain.

No locality is given for this species, but sheet « is labelled on the back as being from

plants cultivated in-Upsala Botanic Garden.

N.B.—Aloe pumila, Linn., “ Sp. PL,” ed. 1. p. 322, is likewise a mixture of two or

three species of Haworthia with white tubercles, so that it is probable that at that date

several species of this type were considered to be forms of one species.

142

A. retusa, Thunb., ~ Diss. Aloe,” p. 10 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 311.

The specimen of this consists of part of a plant with two leaves and a flower-stem

attached, five detached leaves, and a detached inflorescence, which all belong to

Haworthia retusa, Duval, ~ Pl. Suce. Hort. Alenconio,” p. 7 (1809), and Haw., “ Synop.,”’

p. 95 (1812); Aloe retusa, Linn., “Sp. Pl.,” ed. 1, p. 322. No locality is mentioned by

Thunberg for this species, but the specimen 1s labelled on the back of the sheet as being

from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden.

A. sinuata, Thunb., “ Diss. Aloe,” p. 6 (1785), and “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 311.

This name was founded by Thanivers upon the plant enumerated by Linnaeus in his

* Species Plantarum,” ed. 1, p. 320, amit ed. 2, p. 458, as A. per, ‘foliata, var. &, which 1S

based upon “~ Aloe succotrina angustifolia spinosa, flore purpurea,’ of Commelin, “ Horti

Medici Rariorum Plantarum,” Vol. I, p. 94, t. 48 (1697). This plant of Commelin’s is

Aloe succotrina, Weston, “* Universal Botanist and Nurseryman,” Vol. I, p. 5 (1770), a book

that seems to have been overlooked by all modern authors, yet it contains names that

antedate some that have been credited to Lamark, whose first volume of his ‘‘ Ene syclopeédie ~

was not published until 1783, or thirteen years later than Weston’s book.

No specimen exists in Thunberg’s Herbarium bearing the name A. sinuata, but there

is a sheet bearing the name A. succotrina in Thunberg’s handwriting, which Professor Juel,

in his * Plantae Thunbergianae,” p. 119, seems to have considered to represent A. sinuata,

Thunb. This sheet, however, contains (a) part of a leaf of Aloe fruticosa, Lam.,

(b) part of a leaf of Aloe spicata, Thunb., and (c) part of a raceme of flowers of some species

of Aloe that is quite indeterminable, but most certainly does not belong to either species

represented by leaves upon that sheet.

So that if A. senuata, Thunb., is considered to be founded upon A. perfoliata, var. €

of Linnaeus, 1t must be placed as a synonym of A. succotrina, Weston. But if it is held

to be founded upon the sheet bearing the name A. succotrina in Thunbere’s Herbarium,

then the name A. simuata must disappear altogether.

In the synonymy that Thunberg gives under A. sunuata, he quotes ~*~ Aloe barbadensis

mitior, laete virens et splendens,” Dill., * Hort. Elth.,” p. 23, t. 19, f. 24.° The figure should

be 21, not 24. This figure represents one of the American species of Agave.

Although Aloe succotrina is not mentioned by Thunberg in his ~ Prodromus ” or

* Floras,” yet in his ~ Travels,” English translation, ed. 3, Vol. I, p. 213, he mentions,

under the date of 14th December, 1772, when at a farm near Slange River, in Oudtshoorn

Division, that “* Here we saw quickset hedges of Aloe succotrina.”’ What isthis plant: Can

it be a species distinct from Aloe friticosa ?

A. spicata, Linn. f., “ Suppl.,” p. 265 (1781); Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 309.

Thunberg’s specimen of this is the type of this species, and consists of portions of

two leaves and six detached flowers. The leaves are respectively 10? and 13% inches long,

and 14 and 16 lines wide at their basal ends, gradually tapering thence into a long andl

slender subulate point, which at 3 inches below the acute or bluntish tip is only 2 lines

broad. The part of the leaf on the sheet named A. succotrine above- mentioned (under

A. sinuata) is just 1 foot long and 14 lines broad at its basal end, and has just the same

long, subulate apex. The teeth on the margins are 6-8 lines apart and very small, being

not more than half a line long; the apical spine is also small. The margin between the

spines is straight or very faintly concave. The flower-stem and pedicels are absent, but the

flowers may have been sessile. One flower has what appears to be a bract attached to it,

which is 6 lines long and 5 ane broad, and is broadly elliptic, obtuse, 3-nerved. The

perianth is campulate in shape, 7 lines long and 5 lines in diameter as pressed, but is

probably of nearly the same eases: when alive. The segments are nearly 3 lines

broad, ovate, oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved ; they all appear to be free to the base, and are not

recurved at the apex. According to Thunberg they are white, with three green veins.

143

The stamens are exserted 3-4 lines beyond the tips of the perianth-segments, with stout,

purple filaments half a line broad, but, according to Thunberg, the filaments are yellowish

at the upper part and white at the base. He states that the flower is filled with a purple

fluid, which, in the process of drying the specimen, may have stained the filaments,

especially as I note that some of the perianth-segments are also tinted with purple. The

style protrudes 3-4 lines beyond the stamens.

Thunberg states that this very distinct and hitherto unknown plant grows “in the

interior regions, flowering in August ’ ; and that it has a thick stem 3-4 feet high, bearing

a crown of spreading leaves 2 feet long, and a very dense spike, a foot long, of crowded

horizontally spreading flowers.

In the * Gardeners’ Chronicle ” (1921), Vol. LXX, p. 6, I gave an accoant of the history

of Aloe spicata so far as known to me at the time, in which I detailed how IJ had vainly

tried to get a clue from his travels to the locality where Thunberg found this plant, which

still awaits rediscovery. There is nothing at all like it in the Kew Herbarium. I am

now inclined to think that Thunberg may have seen the plant in cultivation in some garden

at or near Capetown.

A. spiralis, Thunb.. “ Diss. Aloe.” p. 9 (1785).

The sheet of this species in Thunberg’s Herbarium contains a tuft of leaves of what

I believe to be Apicra spiralis, Baker in ~* Jour. Linn. Soc.,” Vol. XVIII, p. 217 (1880),

and a detached inflorescence of some species of Gasteria, which is quite indeterminable.

No locality is mentioned by Thunberg for this species, and the specimen is from a

plant cultivated in the Botanic Garden at ‘Upsala.

I do not know if Apicra spiralis, Baker, is identical with Apiera cpieclis Willd.,

* Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag.,” Vol. V, p. 273 (1811) ; it is a point that requires eeu usi

A. variegata, Thunb., ~ Diss. Aloe,” p. 9 (1785), and “* Fl. Cap.,” p. 312.

This is A. varvegata, Linn., “Sp. Pl.,” ed. 1, p. 327.

Thunberg’s specimen consists of two leaves, with the variegation upon them well

preserved, and a single flower. Thunberg does not mention a locality for it, and no

information is given on the back of the sheet.

A. viscosa, Thunb., * Diss. Aloe,” p. 9 (1785), and ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 312.

Thunberg’s sheet of this species contains three flowering specimens. The central

specimen, which I have marked (A) on the sheet, is larger than the others, and is Haworthia

viscosa, Haw., ~ Synop.,” p. 90 (1812). The lateral specimens, marked (B), may belong

to a variety of Haworthia viscosa, Haw., or are possibly a distinct species allied to it.

I have not seen any plant alive that is quite like them, so that living plants are required

for their proper identification.

From the above account it will be seen that Thunberg’s collection of the genus Aloe

is rather a poor one in comparison with other genera in his Herbarium, as it contains little

of interest except the type specimens of Aloe spicata, A. dichotoma, and the new species

of Gasteria described above.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM.

Thunberg’s collection of this genus is a very interesting one and consists of 109 sheets

of specimens, many of which are excellent,'althoagh often small, some are scrappy, and,

as in the genus Aloe, in some instances there is a mixture of species either upon the same

sheet or upon different sheets bearing the same name.

When Sonder was preparing his monograph of this genus for the ~ Flora Capensis,

he had Thunberg’s specimens to work with, but, upon examining them, I find that he has

dealt with them in a most imperfect and unsatisfactory manner. In some cases he has

wrongly identified Thunberg’s plant with specimens collected by Zeyher in a totally

144

different region, and described from Zeyher’s plant, so that occasionally Thunberg’s species

is not described in the ~ Flora Capensis~” at all. Added to this, Sonder has accepted

the nomenclature of Salm Dyck’s fine work on this genus as unimpeachable, whereas it

is often entirely wrong, and therefore as the original descriptions of Thunberg and of

Haworth are often entirely ignored and those of Salm Dyck, belonging to quite a different

plant, substituted, much confusion of nomenclature has been made and the descriptions

in the ~ Flora Capensis” are often quite untrustworthy. And as these errors have not

been corrected by Berger in his monograph of the genus. since that work was chiefly compiled

from the works of Salm Dyck and Sonder, there is really needed at the present time a

carefully worked-out monograph of this very remarkable and highly interesting group

of plants. This, as | have already stated in the “Journal of the Linnean Society of

Botany,” Vol. XLV, pp. 54-55, can only be properly and fully accomplished by a

comparison with and study of the unique collection of original drawings of a large number

of Haworth’s types preserved at Kew.

In the process of comparison and identification of Thunberg’s types with specimens

in the Kew Herbarium. where Thunberg has mixed two or more species under one name,

it has become necessary to take as being the plant he intended to bear the name that

specimen which most accurately agrees W ith his description. As an example of this kind,

M. articulatum, Thunb., may be cited. This name, as represented by his specimens,

includes three distinct species, all very similar in general appearance, and upon a superficial

examination they might easily be supposed to be one species, so that his description we

apply fairly well to all of them, with the exception of the words ~ punctate-scabrid ”

applied to the stem and calyx. As these words only apply to one of the specimens, shine

of the others having this character, that particular specimen must be accepted as the type

of M. articulatum, Thunb.

In the account of Thunberg’s specimens which follows, the names are arranged in

alphabetical order as they appear upon his sheets ; and to the headline I have only given

the reference to the well-known edition by Schultes of Thunberg’s ~ Flora Capensis,

published in 1823, other references being given under the determination of the specimens,

except in those cases where Linnaeus or Linnaeus fil. is the author, as these, of course,

take precedence over the names of Thunberg. Aiton, or Haworth. Thunberg gives no

authority for the name on the sheets.

For the localities mentioned by Thunberg, I have used the modern form of spelling.

Many of his more interesting species were collected in the Van Rhynsdorp and Calvinia

Divisions, in the Karroo between the Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains, and

on or near Hantam Mountains.

The following is an explanatory list of the abbreviations used for the books quoted :—

ANG es 77 (Elon bie Ne wees re cae Aerator ata ounce aera W. Aiton, “‘ Hortus Kewensis,” ed. 1, Vol. II (1789°)

IByermaere, “ONSEN, soo ncoanoasosodoodecceuKs A. Berger. ““ Mesembryanthemem and Portulacaceeen ~

(1808).

Oran oss any Doka.ord OSBin dy bidin eto a cau bloeo coe * Botanical Magazine.”

DV Cy blab. Grassley cra mere A. P. de Candolle, “ Histoire des Plantes “Grasses ~

(1799-1829).

DO G5 ZEvla, WMA Dooon nono cosuod vane C. F. Ecklon & K. Zeyher, * Enumeratie Plantarum

Africae Australis Eytratropicae ~ (1834-37).

BE Ware etl Ol ontaerrcy Ro merneey promo ate way-.6ckn a0 OO C A. H. Haworth, ‘* Miscellanea Naturalia ~~ (1803).

Eiernitowe rc aoe aorrool os Ane e' oa tb A. H. Haworth, ‘Observations on the, genus

Haw., ~ Obs.”

Mesembryanthemum,” Part IT (1795).

N.B.—Part I was published in 1794, but does

not contain any descriptions of species, only

introductory matter.

Flavia 8S ROW) ses tug cnctiesciccenaeaae tan He ae Deo Te Ewen A. H. Haworth, ‘‘ Revisiones Plantarum Sueculen-

tarum ” (1821).

REN GA AUD vole dovecoudoo do yobaudauboodon A. H. Haworth, ‘“Supplementarum Plantarum

Sueculentarum ” (1819).

BIW iog 7T SNANOD Monoacancdaoono00dbomoqugnouad A, H. Haworth, “ Synopsis Plantarum Succulentarim ~

(1812).

145

louttrmosHandl tacn tac etnt sect sceulsaniaaen M. Houttuyn, “ Handleiding tot de Plant- en Kruid-

kunde,”’ Vol. IX (1778).

LEO log UNGER BUS o bao amomolialaaiaoorue ence p M. Houttuyn, “ Natuurlyke Historie of uitvoerige

Beschryving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen,”’

Deel II (1773-83).

Haein, “ Inltort, Schoen csacoscoccensoccccce N. J. Jacquin, * Plantarum rariorum Horti Caesarei

Schoenbrunnensis © (1797-1804).

RAC Oman OLE A VAM Gee mettre raster racic eescstanie cass) As N. J. Jacquin, “* Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis ”

(1770-76).

Hanan cine BING Caan yep nals eke eieiewe tess cisket cpeverate: aoa Chevalier Lamarck. “‘ Encyclopédie Methodique,”

Vol. I-LV (1783-97).

Ibahavais. YTS yph= Jed ee oie & crn ccc kore ene are C. Linnaeus, * Species Plantarum,” ed. 1 (1753).

IDAHO: Sins” PT ISWU OO 2 sre Akeeorcaceei a atotaa Ginereees emis ote ae C. von Linne, *“Supplementarum Plantarum Systematis

Vegetabilium (editionis decimae tertiae), Generum

Plantarum (editionis sextae), et Specierum

Plantarum (editionis secundae) ”’ (1781).

~ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.”....... Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae

Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum ex-

hibentia Ephemerides,”’ Vol. VIII, Appendix

(1791).

N.B.—Twenty-one species of Mesembrian-

themum axe described in this rare book.

Stllim IDyelk, °° SCM, cooaccodoaccusc00ncde ‘. Salm-Reitterscheid-Dyck, ~ Monographia generum

Aloes et Mesembryanthemi ” (1836-63).

Stora “SENG Cone tia opis og ence Ginko o eGR cOnDIO ©. W. Sonder in Harvey & Sonder, ** Flora Capensis,”’

Vol. If (1861-62).

ARLENE Ia oy, OMT EK CEY ok a Sinai ir ane hae namic tema C. P. Thunberg. “ Flora Capensis,”’ ed. Schultes

(1823).

Wap ~ Nive, Weis Acacl Wis csoocoece C. P. Thunberg, “ Museum Naturalium Academiae

Upsaliensis,’ Auctum, Part IT (1827).

AU OUat ORS Mee oe EA emer atpre arctan tate Rc toons: Sete C. P. Thunberg, * Prodromus Plantarum Capensium,”

Part IL (1800).

Wall ““18;minin, Islowin, Wenolbooaadocosoceune C. L. Willdenow, ~ Enumeratio Plantarum Horti

Regii Botanici Berolinensis”’ (1809): Supple-

mentum (1813).

Walld estonia sBerolsscsae screenees aden C. L. Willdenow, ‘‘ Hortus Berolinensis *’ (1803-16).

Vat Ge See el ie cae acces Oeste cher meee tne C. L. Willdenow, “Species Plantarum,” Vol. II

(1799).

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, L.

M. acinaciforme, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 422.

This name appears in both Thunberg’s ~ Prodromus” and his ~ Flora,” but no

specimen exists in his Herbarium representing that name as used by him. There is,

however, a specimen named ~ WM. forficatum” by Thunberg, which is the true A. acinaciforme,

Linn., and that name is also written upon the sheet as ~ acinaciforme, Mus.”

M. albidum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 423.

The specimen consists of two well-preserved flowering branches of JZ. albidum, L.

The locality of this species is not mentioned.

M. angulatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 426.

There are three sheets of this, marked a, 3, and 7. They all belong to the same species,

viz. :—

ME Antonis, Jacg., Hort. Vind Vol: Til, p. 8, t. 7 (1776).

M. angulatum, Thunb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 91 (1800).

M. crystallophanes, Eckl. & Zeyher, “Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr.,” p. 322 (18386), and

Salm Dyck, “ Mesemb..” § 60, fig. 2.

Thunberg collected this near the Sundays River in Uitenhage Division, and his

specimens are identical with those of MacOwan, ~ Herb. Austr. Afr.” (1873) from near

Grahamstown. It is somewhat remarkable that this very distinct plant has not previously

been identified with Jacquin’s excellent figure.

146

Thunberg describes the branches as opposite, and they are so on the lower part of the

specimen on sheet a, but on the upper part of that specimen, and on that on sheet @, they

are alternate, just as de are on een (1873).

Sonder in “ Fl. ( > Wool, 10f, 454, quotes the specimen on sheet 7 as being

M. angulatum, var. eens | yut 1t 1s oe a small lateral branch 2 inches long, broken

from a larger specimen, and very possibly from one of those on sheet a@ or 7. The

Bethelsdorp specimen which Sonder also quotes for his variety gracile, and from which he

doubtless described, is probably a different plant. Jacquin raised M. Aitonis from seeds

sent to him by Aiton, so that in all probability they were collected and sent to Aiton by

Masson, who accompanied Thunberg on his journeys.

M. apetalum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 417

This is represented in Thunberg’s Herbarium by a scrap about 3 inches long, being

evidently a short branch from an annual, but it is undoubtedly

M. apetalum, Linn. f., “ Suppl.” p. 258 (ure) SJL, GOR OWy Jacq., Hort. Vind.,”’

Vol. III, p. 7, t. 6 (1776), not of Linnaeus.

M. aie was described from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden, doubtless

raised from seeds supplied by Thunberg. As no specimen exists in the Herbarium of

the younger Linné, that in Thunberg’s ‘Herbarium must be accepted as the type of the

species. It quite agrees with the description of Linnaeus fil., but I cannot match it with

any specimen at Kew. It and M. papulosum, Linn, fil., are evidently alhed species, and

require to be searched for and made better known. To this end I here give a translation

of the description of AZ. apetalum, Linn. fil., with details concerning Thunbere’s specimen

included.

The plant is an annual. Stems or branches 1—2 inches long, prostrate, terete, reddish,

covered with glittering papillae, as is the whole plant. The branch of Thunberg’s specimen

including Jeaves, is 3 inches long and #? line thick, and glabrous; the papillae have all

shrunk and disappeared from the whole “Ol the specimen except on one pedicel, where they

are very evident and rather large, but, under a strong lens, in one or two places evidence

that the leaves were also papillate can just be traced. Leaves opposite, about 1$—2 inches

long and 1-2 lines broad, linear, or, according to Linnaeus fil., slightly lanceolate, obtuse,

sewallemt, channelled above, convex and somewhat roughly papillate beneath, glabrous.

Pedicels 3-1 inch long, 1-flowered. As pressed, the flower has the « ralyx-lobes and petals

alleles 1 ‘apom the top of the ovary, and is about 34-4 lines in diameter, Calyx-lobes

unequal, with subulate-cylindric tips. Petals 24, distant, very short, setaceous, white,

resembling filaments without anthers, inc umbent upon the top of the ovary. Stamens

with filaments like the petals, but shorter; anthers fuscous. Ovary large, convex and

smooth above. Stigmas 5, about 14 line lone, erect in a column. with recurved tips.

This is evidently a remarkable and very interesting species, although with insignificant

flowers. Any reader who may discover tt would confer a favour if he or she oul kindly

send seeds of the plant to me, addressed to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, or through

Dr. Pole Evans or Mrs. Bolus.

Jacquin’s figure of M. copticum seems so exactly to represent the plant of which

Thunberg’s specimen is only a single branch that I think there can be no doubt of their

identity. Linnaeas fil. seems to have described the petals from flowers thet had passed

into the young fruiting stage, and become rolled up and * setaceous ~ and bent down upon

the top of the ovary.

M. copticwm of Linnaeus is a totally different plant and identical with A7zcon hispanicum,

Linn.

M. articulatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 415.

There are two sheets bearing this name, marked | and 2, which contiai three distinct

species, all very similar in general appearance, and Thunberg’s description will apply to

all of them, with the exception of the words ““ punctato-scabri ” and * punctato-scabridum ”

147

as applied to the stem and calyx. Thes» words I interpret to mean, rough from being

covered with raised points. The only specimen having this character is on the left- hand

side of sheet 2; it seems to have been turned over when remounted, therefore the surface-

structure is obscured by the adhesive matter upon it, so that the minute acute points or

minute conical hairs can only be clearly seen on a few parts of the specimen, which has

alternate branches, all directed to one side of the stem. Each branch ends in an oblique

compound cyme composed of 3-6 branchlets bearing 1-3 flowers, and these branchlets

are also directed to one side. The specimen seems to be from a growing plant just coming

into flower; with apparently linear, half-terete, or perhaps channelled, acute leaves

22-5 lines long.

The right-hand specimen on this same sheet has its branches placed at right-angles

to each other, and they and the calyx were smooth when alive. But this smoothness is

obscured on the dried specimen by minute, whitish blisters in places, caused by some

secretion of lime or salt. The calyx seems also to be different in form from that of the

right-hand scabrid specimen.

Sheet 1 contains two specimens, both alike. which differ from the specimens on

sheet 2, by having the stems and calyx covered with blunt papillae (not points), which

Thunberg in other cases of the same structure describes as ~ papilosis. * The branches

also differ from those of the scabrid plant in being placed at right-angles to each other.

Therefore, as Thunberg’s description of J. articulatum. does not ‘fully apply to any other

than the left-hand specimen on sheet 2 bearing that name in his Herbarium, and especially

as it well agrees with that specimen in the most important character he mentions, that

specimen must be taken as being the type of that species, and its synonymy will be :—-

M. articulatum, Thunb., in “Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem..” Vol. VIII,

OMCs, JD, UO) CMGIY, ral Ile Ceo. « 1s, Zl),

M. secundum, Thunb., ~“ Mus. Nat. Acad. Upsal.,” Part IJ, p. 12, name only (1827).

This specinien of M. articulatwm seems to me to be the same plant as M. secundum,

Thunb., which shows the scabrid character much more clearly. And I consider both

to be the same species as Burke No. 468, from Dikkop Flats near the Fish River, in Albany

Division, and Burke and Zeyher No. 705, which is probably from the same region. As

Thunberg collected near the Fish River on the Uitenhage side of it, he may have obtained

his specimen from that region. But the localities he gives for M. articulatum are “ the

Karroo near the Olifants River, towards the Bokkeveld Mountains, in Zwartland, and

elsewhere.” As none of his specimens have the locality attached to them, it is impossible

to assign the particular locality to any of them.

The other two species under * M. articulatum” 1 am unable to identify, and consider

it inadvisable to describe them from those specimens.

At the original place of publication four varieties are enumerated, and var. 0 is

described as ~~ major eH EEE ” instead of ~ minor procumbens” as given in Thunberg’s

“Fl. Cap.,” ed. Schultes.

Sonder in * Fl. Cap.,” Vol. IL, pp. 434 and 435, quotes M. articulatum, Thunb., as a

synonym partly of M. junceum, Haw., and partly of M. granulicaule, Haw. These

determinations are utterly wrong, for neither of Thunberg’s specimens is like either

M. junceum or granulicaule of Haworth, both of which have been completely misunderstood

and wrongly described by Sonder, both being much more slender species than the plants

mistaken for them by Sonder, and by Berger, who has mainly copied from Sonder and

other works.

It may not be out of place to call attention to the fact that in consequence of Haworth’s

M. junceum being completely misunderstood, and because many of the species belonging

to this group are very similar in appearance, at least half a dozen different species are to

be found in Herbaria named M. juncewm, not one of them, so far as T have seen, being

correct.

14s

M. aureum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 425.

The type consists of one small specimen, collected on the Karroo, between the Olifants

River and the Bokkeveld Mountains. As it is not the M. awrewm of Linnaeus, Sonder

renamed it :

M. auratum, Soader in “ Fl. Cap..” Vol. H, p. 449.

M. aureum, Thuob. in ~ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII. Append.,

p- 16 (1791), not of Linnaeus.

It is evidently an erect shrub, with straight stems or main branches 1-14 line thick,

swollen at the nodes, with short. opposite, nearly erect or very ascending branchlets, that

are densely papillate and of a pale biscuit colour as described by Sonder, but the main

stem has a smooth, greyish-brown bark. Leaves opposite, 3-5 lines long and 1 line thick,

obtuse or subacute, apparently subterete, channelled down the face and seemingly papillate,

glabrous. Flowers solitary or 2-3 in a cyme at the ends of the branchlets. Pedicels

1-13 line long, papillate. Calyx papillate ; tube (ovary) obconic, about 5 lines in diameter

in young fruit; lobes about 3 lines long, broadly ovate, with a blunt dorsal point below

the apex of the membranous margin. Petals wanting on the specimen, buat described

by Thunberg as linear and yellow. He also states that the stigmas are 5, subulate, acute,

and erect.

I have given the above description of Thunberg’s type specimen because Sonder has

evidently confused it with another species collected by Zeyher, from which he has partly

described, since he gives as a character, “ rudiments of old remaining leaves very spinous,

which is not at all the case on Thunberg’s specimen.

M. barbatum, Thunb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 89, and “ Fl. Cap..” p. 418.

One sheet containing three branches of—

M. barbatum, Linn.., and of “ Bot. Mag.,” t. 70.

M. stelligerum, Haw., “Synop.,’ p. 278 (1812), and ~ Rev.,” p. 190 ; Sond. in

Fl. Cap.,” Vol. I, p. 447; excluding synonyms, not MW. stelligerwm, lew mmm Jeol, Wikeyen

(1824), Vol. LXIV, p.

The modern monographers of this genus, Sonder and Berger, do not seem to have

noted that Haworth, finding he had misunderstood the plant to which Linnaeus gave the

name M. barbatum and had originally described that plant under the name of I. stelliger um,

and another species under the name of M. barbatwm, has corrected that error in the

* Philosophical Magazine ” (July, 1824), p. 61, where he transposes the two names, so

that the correct synonymy for MZ. barbatwm, Linn. is as given above, and for A. stelligerum

as follows :

M. stelligerum, Haw., in ~ Phil. Mag.” (11824), Vol. LXIV, p. 61, not of Haw.,

“Synop.,” p. 278.

M. barbatum, Haw., ~ Synop.,” p. 277; Sonder in ~ El. Cap.,” Vol. Il, p. 446,

excluding synonyms; not of Linnaeus nor of Berger.

The M. barbatum, Berger, ~~ Mesemb.,” p. 80, on account of its having acute papillae

is certainly neither JM. barbatum, Linn., nor M. stellrgerum, Haw., both of which have

blunt papillae. It is possibly M. intonsum, Haw. I do not know what J. stelligerum.,

Berger, ~ Mesemb.,”’ p. 82, may be, but from the more numerous bristles described as

present at the apex of the leaf, it is probably distinet from both M. barbatum and

M. stelligerum, and is possibly a garden hybrid.

Thunberg states that M7. barbatum grows upon Paardeberg, at rfantam, and elsewhere.

But doubtless he confused two or more species in his mind, from seeing similar species in

different localities.

M. bellidiflorum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 418.

This seems to be represented by a sheet bearing the name ~ MZ. bellidifoliwm (2),

containing a single flower with two bracts at the base of its pedicel. It is quite

indeterminable. No locality is mentioned for it.

149

M. bicolorum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 427.

This is represented by a sheet labelled ~ M. bicolor,” containing three short flowering

branchlets from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden, which seem to belong rather

to M. coccineum, Haw., than to M. bicolorm, Linn.

M. bracteatum.

There are three sheets bearing this name, one of which has been named by Sonder.

the others are respectively marked a and 3. Sheet a contains four pieces of a plant

cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden, the others were collected in South Africa. This

species is not enumerated in Thunberg’s ~ Flora Capensis.”’

Sheets a and @ contain specimens of

M. mutabile, Haw., ~ Obs..” p. 377 (1795).

The other sheet is correctly named by Sonder—

M. bracteatum, Ait., “~ Hort. Kew.,” cd. 1, Vol. II, p. 185.

M. calamiforme, Thunb.. ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 417.

One small specimen, which is MZ. calamiforme, Linn. Thunberg does not mention a

locality for it.

M. capillare, Taunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 419.

There are two sheets bearing this name, marked @ and 3, and the specimens on each

sheet are separately described by Thunbereg as forms @ and § of M. capillare.

Sheet a contains two specimens, which have been marked by Sonder ~ a” and ~ .”’

The right-hand specimen, marked ~ 3” quite agrees with Thunberg’s diagnosis of

pe 5 6 F b

M. capillare and his description a. This ae is not M. capillare, Linn. f., but is—

M. brevifolium, Ait., ““° Hort. Kew..” ed 1, Vol. I, p. 188 (1789), and of Haw., “Obs.,””

p. 274 (1795), but not of Haworth’s later aoe nor of other authors.*

M. capillare, Thunb. in ~ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append..

p. 13 (1791), and ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 419, as to description a, which is the only description

given at the original place of publication, description 2 being absent from that work ;

not of Linnaeus fil.

M. subglobosum, Haw., ~ Mise.,” p. 62 (1803).

The specimen is a branch or portion of an erect glabrous shrublet, with the main stem

about 1 line thick, and the branchlets about 3 1 line thick, distinctly papillate. Leaves

opposite, about 14-14 line long and 1 line Eiticle somewhat subglobose or VELY) shoxtly

TL here we fo ~aftati out that M. ‘nerd of Salm Dyck, “of Sonder, and of Bereen is a totally

different plant from the W. brevifolium, Ait., differing from it by having longer leaves, which are not

terete or subglobose, but flat above and keeled beneath, and has very different flowers. Its correct

synonymy is—

M. erigeriflorum, Jacq., ~ Hort. Schoenbr.,” Vol. IV, p. 39, t. 477 (1804).

M. lateriflorum, D. C., “ Plant. Grass.,” t. 164 (1828).

M. brevifolium, Salm Dyck, * Mesemb..” § 50, f. 4 (after 1836): Sonder, * Fl. Cap..” Vol. I], p. 342;

and Berger, ““ Mesemb.,” p. 95, not of Aiton. nor of Haworth.

This is only one example out of many of the confusion that has been made by later authors accepting

as correct the names given hy Salm Dyck, apparently without the slightest investigation.

In Haworth’s time there were evidently two plants in cultivation under the name of MW. brevifolium,

neither of them being the same as VM. erigeriflorum. In 1795. Haworth considered them to be forms

of one species, but afterwards separated them.

One of them, as described by Haworth (* Obs.,” p. 276). had leaves which ~ rarely measure a quarter

of an inch,” and were covered with rounded (not acutely pointed) papillae, or, as Haworth states, the

papillae ““were by no means pubescent.” This plant was the true M. brevifolium, Ait. The: other

Haworth describes at first as M. brevifolium var. longum, and states that it has leaves up to 1 inch long,

with “ pubescent papulae which point downwards and looked in a microscope like minute hooks of glass

or ice.’ This plant is quite unknown to me. In kis ~ Synopsis ~ and later works Haworth retains this

plant alone under the name M. brevifolium, and places the true M. brevifoliwm, Ait., as a synonym of

M. subglobosum, Haw, But Aiton’s name. being the older, must be retained,

150

ellipsoid, papillate, but apparently with smaller papillae than those on the stem. Flowers

solitary at the ends of the short branchlets. Pedicel 23-3 lines long, slender. Calyx

5-lobed, papillate ; tube (ovary) with a very distinct constriction under the base of the

lobes and thereabout 1 line in diameter, and there is also a slight constriction at its base,

where it joins the pedicel ; lobes unequal, $—1 line long, broadly ovate, obtuse. The other

parts of the flower do not admit of examination, and the petals are destroyed. There

are some better specimens of this plant at the British Museum, collected by Masson, who

travelled with Thunberg. These have leaves 1-2 lines long, varying from subglobose to

cylindric. The pedicels vary from 1—6 lines long, and the corolla appears to be about

9-10 lines in diameter, with petals about 4 lines long. The constrictions on the calyx-tube

are not so distinct as on Thunberg’s specimen.

Thunberg describes the flowers as minute and red. His specimen qaite agrees with

an original drawing of the typical M. brevifoliwm, Ait., at Kew. The peculiar constriction

of the calyx-tube is a very marked feature of both Thunberg’ S specimen and the drawing

of the type plant, in which the corolla is re presented as beine 8 lines in diameter, with

apparently 25-30 acute purple petals.

M. brevifolium, Ait., and M. sessile, Thunb., are evidently allied species, although one

is papillate and the other smooth.

The left-hand specimen, marked ~ a,” resembles M. brevifaliwm, but the branches

spread more widely, the leaves are up to 4 lines long, and cylindric and covered with rounded

papillae, and the pedicels 8 or more lines leng. The calyx-tube below the lobes is also

shorter, and the petals are only 2 lines long. It is doubtless the plant alluded to by

Thunberg at the end of his description ~ a,” by the words ~ Alia est hujus varietas : folis

magis teretibus, subpapulosis ~ (~ another, with more terete subpapulose leaves, is a variety

of this’). 1am not able to identify this specimen with any at Kew, nor is there any like

it among those collected by Masson at the British Museum. It is quite distinct from

M. ergeriflorum, having terete (not trigonous) leaves. More ample material is needed to

determine whether it is a variety of M. brevifoliwm or a distinct species.

Thunberg collected these two specimens on hills near the Olifants River, towards

the north, in Van Rhynsdorp Division.

Sheet 3 contains two specimens of a plant stated by Thunberg. under description 9,

to grow near the Gamtoos River, in ie Humansdorp Division. It is totally different

from the specimens on sheet a, and is an exceedingly distinct species. differing from eve ry

other in the genus by its very slender filiform branchlets,

This plant is—

M. capillare, Linn. f., “ Suppl.,” p. 260 (1781); Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 419, as to

description # only. (This description, nor any corresponding to it, does not occur under

Thunbere’s original description cited above under MM. brevifoliim.)

An irregularly much-branched shrublet, with very slender, woody branches and

branchlets, the ultimate ei which are filiform and scarcely a quarter of a line thick,

thickened at the nodes im a somewhat bead-like manner. of a dark reddish-brown or

chocolate colour (possibly ape when alive), smooth and shining on the older parts, but

marked with mimute white dots on the younger parts. the dots being minute dried-up

papillae. The leaves haye mostly fallen; those that remain are 1-2 lines long and less

than half a line thick, and. according to Thunbere, shehtly flattened above, obtuse.

papillate. Pedicels solitary. 3-6 tines long. The specimen is not in flower, and the few

capsules upon it are damaged. but appear to be very shortly and broadly obconic, about

2 lines in diameter. Thunberg describes the flowers as being ~ minute, reddish, with

reflexed sepals.”

do not match this plant with any specimen in the Kew Herbarium. The swollen

nodes (resembling tiny oval beads) of its remarkably slender, brown branchlets distinguish

it at once from all other species,

antl

I find that there is no specimen of this plant in the Herbarium of Linnaeus fil. at the

Linnean Society. so that, as in so many other cases, he undoubtedly described from

Thunberg’s specimens, which must be regarded as the type.

M. ciliatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 416.

One sheet of good specimens.

This plant has hitherto been included in the genus Mesembryanthemum, but its

appearance is so distinctive that I expected it would “differ in floral structure from that

genus, and upon dissection I found this to be the case; for besides the very remarkable

character of the ring of deflexed hairs at the base of the leaf-sheaths, I find the petals are

united into a short tube at their base, the ovary is nearly superior, and the capsule of

quite a different type from that of Mesembr yanthemum. \ therefore propose to found the

genus Tricnocyctus for its reception and that of two allied species, which will be described

at the end of this account of Thunberg’s species.

TRICHOCYCLUS, N.E-Br.

Dwarf bushy plants with erect succulent branches. Leaves opposite, united below

into a short sheath, which is ciliate all around its very base with deflexed hairs, persistent.

Calyx 5-lobed. Petals numerous, inited into a short tube at the base. Stamens numerous,

perigynous. Ovary nearly superior, with only a short basal portion immersed in the calyx-

tube, 5 (-67) -celled; stigmas 5 (-67). subulate; ovules, few in each cell. Capsule

5 (-67) -valved: valves sub-erect when open, wingless, and without expanding keels,

but with a pair of erect, free, ovate, obtuse processes arising from their base within that

close over the seeds and somewhat sesemlole valves of an inner capsule ; they are probably

the homologues of the cell-wings of the capsule of Mesembryanthemum. Seeds few in each

cell, compressed. The name is derived from the Greek Thi, a hair. and Kyklos, a circle.

in allusion to the circle of deplexed hairs at the base of the leaf-sheaths.

T. cmiatus, N.E.Br.—Mesembryanthemum cilatum. Ait. ~ Hort. Kew.” ed. 1.

Vol. TH, E 179 (1789); Thunb. in “ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII,

Append., p. 11 (1791).

ciel between the Olifants River and Bokkeveld Mountains, in the Van Rhynsdorp

Division.

This plant is identical with Pearson No. 3941, from south-west of Bitterfontein, in

the same region.

M. corallinum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” 416,

One specimen in a flowerless een The original reference is-

M. corallinum, Thunb. in ~ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.,

pa L2A CET):

A shrublet. hard and woody except at the young parts, much-branched, and apparently

stout at the basal part, the lower part of Thunberg’s type being 4 lines thick, the branches

much less stout, and the branchlets rather less than 1 line thick, constricted at the nodes

into short ons, 2-3 lines long, glabrous, evidently smooth when alive. Leaves 2-3 lines

long and about 2 line broad and as much in thickness. subterete, slightly flattened above,

obtuse or suhacute, incurved- spreading. glabrous. According to Thunherg. the flowers are

solitary and terminal at the apex of the branchlets. sessile. Calyx 5-lobed, green ; lobes

terete erect. Petals many, linear, spreading, white.

Thanberg states that this grows on dry hills near the Olifants River, towards the north,

and in the Karroo below the Bokkeveld, and elsewhere.

1 have not been able to match this with any specimen in the Kew Herbarium. but

there is a larger specimen of it in the British Museum, collected by Masson when travelling

with Thunbere. 5

152

M. cordifolium, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 417.

One sheet of this plant, collected in a wood near Zeekoe River, in the Humansdorp

Division. It is—

M. cordifolium. Linn. f..° Sappl..” p 260 (1781). and is identical with Zeyher No. 2621.

M. crassifolium, Thunb., ~ Fi. Cap.,” p. 421.

There 1s one sheet of this containing two specimens, for which Thunberg gives the

locality : hills in Zwartland, Malmesbury Division. These specimens belong to—

M. filicaule, Haw., ~ Misc.,” p. 87 (1808).

M. crassifolium, Thanb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 90 (1800), not of Linnaeus.

Thunberg’s specimens are identical with MacOwan, ~ Herb. Aust.-Afr.”” (1731), from

the foot of Devil’s Peak.

Sonder in © Fl. Cap.,” Vol. II, p. 407, refers MW. crassifolium, Thunb., to M. repians, Ait.,

but that 1s a very different species. with larger, prominently dotted (not smooth) leaves and

much larger yellow or white (not rosy) flowers.

M. debile, Haw., also placed by Sonder as a svnonym of M. reptans, Ait., 1s likewise

totally distinct from the latter, and I believe it to be the plant distributed by Schlechter

under No. 9241 as MZ. jfilicaule (which it certainly is not) from French Hoek.

M. criniflorum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 411.

One sheet containing four good specimens, collected on sandhills near Capetown.

These specimens agree with tlose of MacOwan, ~ Herb. Austr.-Afr.” (1745), from near

Sea Point. Their correct synonymy 1s—

M. criniflorum, Linn. f., “ Suppl.,” p. 259 (1781); Thunb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 88 (1800).

M. limpidum, Ait., “° Hort. Kew.,” ed. 1. Vol. II. p- 182 (1789).

M. spathulatum, Willd., ~ Sp. Pl.,” Vol. Il. p. 1025 (1799), not of Thunberg.

M. tricolor, Willd., ““ Hort. Berol.,” Vol. I, p. 22, t. 22 (1803), not of other authors.

(V.B.—Willdenows work was issued in parts, so that the date 1816 on the title-page is

very misleading. that being the date when Volume II was issued as a whole, but it was

issued in parts previously.)

The colour of the flower varies.

Sonder and Berger have erroneously quoted M. tricolor, Willd.. as belongine to

M. pyropaewm, Haw. hey also erroneously quote Houttuyn as being the author of

M. criniflorum, whilst Thunbere (~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 411) attributes the name ~ MW. capense ~

to Houttuyn, but neither of these names are to be found at the place quoted in Houttuyn’s

work ; the plant referred to being M. puqioniforme, Houtt., “ Nat. Hist.,” Deel Il. t. 53,

separately issued as Handleid., Planten tot de Kraidkande,” Vol. UX, p. 32, t. 53. which

represents a form of J. pomeridianum, Linn., in fruit, with capsules having 16-20 valves

and cells, whilst M. eriniflorwm bas only 5 valves and cells to its capsules. But authors

have paid little heed to frait-characters in this genus.

M. crystallinum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 413.

There are two sheets of this. containing specimens that appear to be J. erystallanwm.

Linn. The locality given for it by Thunbere is near the Sundays River, but sheet 1 is

labelled as being from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden.

M. decussatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap...” p. 414.

One sheet with two specimens upon it, collected on dry hills near the Olifants River,

towards the north, in the Karroo below the Bokkeveld. Its synonymy is—

M. brachiatum, Ait.,“° Hort. Kew.,” ed. 1, Vol. IT, p. 191 (1789), and Haw., * Mise.,”’

Dp. dd.

M, decussatum, Thunb., ~* Prodr.,” p. 88 (1800).

This is the same plant as Pearson No. 5544, which has been erroneously distributed

as M. gemculiforum, Linn., from north of Nieuwerust, in the Van Rhynsdorp Division,

which at Kew is represented hy a small and very poor specimen that has been grazed by

sheep or cattle, but is undoubtedly the same plant as M. decussatum, Thanb.

M. deltoides, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 418.

One sheet with two good branches upon it of M. delioides, Linn., from the mouutains

of Roodezand Kloof, now New Kloof, near Tulbagh.

M. difforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 423.

One specimen, in unripe fruit. This is a small plant scarcely an inch high, and quit®

different from M. difforme, Linn., as | have elsewhere pointed out, its synonymy being—

M. exiguum, N.E.Br., in * Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.,” Vol. XLV, p. 102 (1920).

M. difforme. Thunb., * Prodr.,” p. 90 (1800), not of Linnaeus.

It seems to belong to the same group as M. rostratum. Linn. The specimen has a woody

root stock bearing a taft of four growths. Each growth (including flower) is 8-9 lines long

and about 4 lines in diameter, with three pairs of leaves. The basal pair are 6 lines long

and 1-14 line broad (the dimensions here given are doubtless mach less than those of the

living plant), ¥ widely spreading, united at the base into a sheath only 14 line long: they

appear to be concave above, very rounded on the back, with a keel at the apex. which is

truncate in side view, and has a minute point, glabrous, but covered with minate hard

papillae or granules. The second pair are erect and united at the base into a cylindric sheath

43—5 lines long, with two compressed. acute leaf tips 2 lines long, papillate like the lower

leaves and keeled down the back: the sheath in the dried specimen is thin. somewhat

membranous, and whitish. Within this sheath the third pair of leaves is enclosed, which

appear to be free nearly to the base and just like the basal pair. but they are erect, with

their upper surfaces pressed together. They probably ultimately spread widely and become

in turn a basal pair. Pedicel 4-5 lines long. with a pair of small leaf-like bracts at its base.

This bears a nearly ripe capsule, no flower being present on the specimen. Calyx apparently

5-lobed to the top of the ovary ; lobes 2-24 lines long, some leaf-like, keeled and minutely

tuberculate or papillate, the others broadly ovate, with membranous margins. Petals

numerous, their shrivelled remains about 5 lines long when wetted. Stigmas 5, about

14 line long, subulate, recurved-spreading.

Sonder, in the ~ Flora Capensis,” quotes this very distinct species on p. 395 as being

a synonym of M. denticulatum, Haw., and on p. 399 as a synonym of M. namaquense,

Sond. The former is a totally different plant, and the latter I have not seen. but it is

described as having leaves 3 lines broad and a ~ peduncle three to four times longer than

the leaves.” So that it is evident that Thunbere’s plant is different from both.

M. digitiforme, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 412.

One sheet, with two perfect growths and two flowers upon it. Collected in the Karroo

between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains, in the Van Rhvnsdorp Division.

It is—

M. digitatum, Ait., ~ ie, INeKyen Cl, I, Wolk UE p- 181 (1789).

M. digitiforme, Thunb., in ~*~ Acad. Leop.-Car. K iphem.. Vol. VIII, Append.. p. 6 (1791)

M, dolabriforme, Thunb.. “ Fl. Cap..” p. 424.

Two sheets marked 1 and

Sheet 1 contains a specimen of some stemless species in fruit, with two leaves. It

is unknown to me, and probably new, but quite indeterminable.

Sheet 2 contains a flowering branch and a separate flower of M. dolabriforme, Linn.

The locality given by Thunberg is ~ on very dry hills at Hantam, near the Roggeveld

Mountains,”

154

M. edule, Thunb., ~ FI. Cap...” p. 426.

One sheet, containing two flowermg branches. Thunbere states that this plant,

which is MW. edule, inn... grows near Capetown, Zwartland, and elsewhere.

M. emarcidum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap..” p. 415.

Two sheets, marked 1 and 2, stated to have been collected on the Bokkeveld and

elsewhere in the Karroo.

Sheet 1 contains two species. a branch (which | have marked “A” on the sheet):

and four pieces (which I have marked “ B”).

“A” is the plant described by Thunberg as M. emarcidum. Thunb., m ~*~ Noy. Act.

Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIIi, Append., p. 9 (1791); MM. anatomicum, Haw.,

“ Misce.,” p. 50 (1803).

This specimen appears to me to be the same as Pearson No. 6434. from Khoms Ravine,

in the Khamiesberg. At the original place of publication, Thunberg states that this species

has 4 erect stigmas, and grows in the Bokkeveld meuntain region, without mention of any

other locality. There is a good specimen of it at the British Museum. collected by Masson

when travelling with Thunberg.

“Bis M. expanswn, Linn,

Sheet 2 contains one good specimen of M. expansum, Linn.

M. emarginatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Can.,” p. 421.

One specimen from Upsala Botamic Garden, The specimen is a poor one, but probably

is MW. emarginatum, Linn.

M. expansum, Thu b., “ Fl. Cap..” p. 415.

Two sheets marked 1 and 2. Sheet | contains a very fine flowering specimen from

Upsala Botanic Garden and sheet 2 a good specimen in fruit. The locality given for this

species is near Dutoits Kloof. Both specimens are—

M. tripolium, [ann.

M. expansum, Thunb., ~ Prodr.,” ». 88 (1800), not of Linnaeus.

Thunbere’s specimens agree with those of Bolus No. 7930, from Orange Kloof on

Table Mountain.

M. faleatum, Thunb.. ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 422.

One specimen. No locality is quoted for it. The plant is M/. lacerwm, Haw., ~* Obs.,”

p. 383 (1795); M. faleatum, Thunh., ~ Prodr.,” p. 90 (1800), not of Linnaeus.

M. fasciculatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap..” p. 417.

One specimen, collected near Sandays River, in the Uitenhage Division.

This species has been wrongly quoted by Sonder in ~ Fl. Cap..” Vol. II, p. 432, as

a synonym of M. letragonum, Thunb. which is an utterly different plant of erect bushy

habit, whilst 7. fasciculatum 1s prostrate.

| have been unable to match MW. fasciexdatwm, Thunb., with any specimen in the Kew

Herbarium, but it is evidently allied to JZ. crassifolivm, Linn., which erows in the region

. « e >

of Capetown (Wolley Dod No. 1625), and is probably the eastern representative of that

species, but seeins to root much more freely at the nodes than J. crassifolivm does. The

following is a description of Thunbere’s plant :—-

M. fasciculatum, Thunb., in “Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIILb

Append, p. LI Chri).

Stem prostrate, rooting at the nodes, about 13 line thick, with arching internodes

1!~2 inches lone, glabrous, smooth. of a pale biseutt colour, bearing at the nodes short.

erect. leafy-flowerine shoots 1-2 inches high, including the flower. each with 4-5 pairs of

crowded ascending-spreading leaves 6—7 lines long and 1 line thick, which appear to have

been nearly terete “and very obtuse at the apex, and are described by Thunberg as “ scarcely

trigonous. Like some other species from the same region, the dried leaves have numerous

dot-like blisters formed by crystalline Se of some salt or lime. Pedicel terminal,

solitary, bractless. about 5 lines long. Calyx 4-lobed, according to Thunberg, but the

lobes cannot be properly seen on the specimen. The flower seems to be in a closed condition,

and measures about 5 lines from the base of the calyx to the tips of the apparently lax

petals, which are white, according to Thunberg.

M. fastigiatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 413.

One sheet containing two good specimens, collected on very dry hills near the Olifants

River, towards the north, in the Van Rhynsdorp Division.

De Candolle, and followmg him Sonder, and Berger have maintained the name

M. fastigiatum, Haw., which was published in 1795, and given to the four-years older

M. fastigiatum, Thunb. the new name of M. papulifer um, even overlooking the fact that

Haworth had also long before bestowed a new name upon it. Thunbere’s name, however,

must be maintained, ‘and as no good description of the plant exists. the following is an

account of Thunberg’ s ee specimens —

M. fastigiatum, Thunb., in“ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIIT, Append..

1 & (aS).

M. erectum, Haw., ~ Mise. Nat..” ». 53 (1803).

M. papuliferwm, D. C., ~ Prodr.,” Vol. IIl, p. 448 (1828).

An annual 13-23 inches high, and as dried, broadly obconic in outline and 2-3 inches

in diameter across the flat top, densely covered with water y papillae on stems, leaves, and

calyx. One specimen is divided at the base into two, and the other into three main branches,

each of which at about half an inch above the base is divided into two or three branches

3—# inch lone: each of these either bear one to three flowers at the apex or divide once

more before doing so, the whole forming a flat-topped cyme. Al! the branches thicken

upwards in an obconic manner. The leaves have disappeared from the lower nodes. and

the few that remain are much shrivelled, 5—7 lines long and | line thick ; they seem to have

been nearly terete, or perhaps more or less flattened above, obtusely rounded at the apex.

The flowers seem to be nearly sessile or bat shortly pedicellate. Their structure I have

not examined, but Thunhere deseribes the calyx as 5-lobed: the lobes as heme ovate,

obtuse, purple, and the corolla is snow-white.

I find that there are much larger specimens of this plant at the British Museum,

collected by Masson.

The plant Jater described as WM. fastigiatum. by Haworth, requires to have a new

name; therefore, 1 propose for it that of—-

M. plenifolium. N.H.Br.

M. fastigiatim, Haw., ~ Obs.,” p. 210 (1795), not of Thunhere.

M. filiforme, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 417.

One specimen, collected at Hantam.

This plant is not a Mesembryanthemum, but 1s a species of Galenia, and may therefore

bear the following name :

Galenia filiformis, N.K.Br.

Mesembryanthemum filiforme, Thunb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 89 (1800), and ~ FI. Cap.” p. 417.

Aizoon microphyllum, Bartl., in ~ Linnaea,” Vol. VIT, p. 541 (1832).

This plant was left undetermined by Sonder, and it ee to be distinct from Galena

herniariaefolia, Fenzl., under which Sonder places Aizoon microphyllum as a synonym.

It was evidently covered with minute watery papillae when alive, and the shrunk cells

in some places have somewhat the appearance of pubescence, but I do not perceive any

real hairs upon this or on @. herniariaefolia. sach as Sonder mentions in his Key to the

species of Galenia.

156

M. forficatum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 422.

The specimen representing this is—

M. acinaciforme, Linn.

M. forficatum, Thunb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 90 (1800), not of Linnaeus.

It was collected on the Karroo.

M. geniculiflorum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.” p. 414.

The specimen of this is the true M/. geniculiflorwm, Linn., and is labelled ~ culta in

horto gryphico.” \t is identical with Bolus No. 9236, from near the Montagu Baths.

M. glaucum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

One sheet containing two specimens. ‘The locality is not mentioned by Thunberg.

The right-hand specimen may possibly be MZ. glancum. Linn., but the flower is care

The left-hand specimen is M. rosewm, Willd., “ Enum. Plant. Forte beroleaapasoo

(1809).

M. hispidum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 418.

There are five sheets so named, marked a, {, 7, 0, and ¢, of which Thunberg gives

separate descriptions under letters a, 8, and ;, shih presumably correspond with his

sheets so lettered. He evidently regarded them as forms of one species.

Sheet @ contains a good specimen of M. candens, Haw., ~ Rev.,” p. 186 (1821). It

is stated to grow on sandy plains, and 1s identical with Zeyher No. 2592, from near Port

Elizabeth.

Sheet 3 contains two branches of M. calycionwm, Haw., ~ Rey.,” p. 187 (1821). It

is the plant described by Thunberg under 7, for which he gives no locality, but it is the

same plant as Bolus No. 5050, from near Mitchell’s Pass.

Sheet 7 contains one poor specimen of M. micans, Linn. It may be the plant described

by Thunberg under 7, but scarcely agrees with the description. The locality given for 7

is Karroo between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains, in the Van Rhynsdorp

Division.

Sheet 0 is named ~ M. hispidum (2).” It is an undescribed species, unlocalized by

Thunberg, but identical with a branch mixed with another species collected by Bolus near

the |] Montagu Baths, and distributed under No. 6715, which I describe under the following

name :—

M. praecultum, N.E.Br.

An erect bushily-branched shrub, probably less than a foot high, the specimen seen

being about 6 inches high, with the stoutest part of the stem less than 1 line thick. The

young parts, including ieanres and calyx, densely papillate, the old parts with a somewhat

smooth greyish or brown bark. Internodes 3-6 lines long. Leaves opposite, 1-2 lines

long, subglobose or nearly as thick as long, or shortly cylindric. very obtuse ; most of them

have fallen from the specimens. Flowers very numerous, produced all along the main

and lateral branches at nearly every node, solitary in the axil of each fallen leaf. Pedice]

ascending, 3-5 lines long. Calyx 5—-lobed to the top of the ovary ; Holes subequal, nearly

2 lines long, oblong, obtuse. Petals numerous, about 3 lines long and 4 1_1 line broad, obtuse.

tapering downwards. Stamens numerous. Stigmas 5, spreading, ies line Jong, slender,

subulate, arising from a 5-lobed crown-like structure on the top of the ovary. Capsule

14 line long and 2 lines broad, shortly and broadly obeonic, convex at the top, 5-valved.

Sonder in * Fl. Cap.,” p. 442, has referred M. hispidum (0) of Thunbere’s Herbarium

to M. brevifolium, Ait.. but that is a very different plant. with totally different and smaller

flowers (see under M. capillare). The M. brevifolium, Sonder, is a mixture of three or more

species.

Sheet ¢ contains two branches of what | believe to be M. floribundum, Haw., ~ Mise.,”

p. 100 (1803). It is not localized,

From the above it will be noted that neither of Thunberg’s specimens belong to

AL. hispidum, Linn.

M. laeve, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 425.

One specimen, collected near Sundavs River, in the Uitenhage Division. As the

name M. laeve had previously been fe by Aiton, Haworth changed the name to—

M. Thunbergii, Haw., ~ Misc..” 86 (1803).

M. laeve, Thunb., in ~ Acad. eee Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append., p. 16 (1791),

not of Aiton.

Thunberg’s specimen agrees with those of Rogers No. 4656, collected near Zwartkops,

in the Port Elizabeth Division.

This eastern plant is similar to and might be mistaken (in the dried state) for

M. dissimile, N.E.Br., which grows near Capetown, but differs from that species by having

more obtuse leaves, no bracts at the base of the pedicel, and apparently smaller flowers.

But the two require to be compared when alive, so that their distinctive characters can be

properly contrasted. The prostrate stems of MZ. Thunbergii are 2 lines thick, very smooth,

and pale brownish.

M. lanceum, Thunb., ~ FI. Cap..” p. 417.

One sheet, containing two good specimens. The localitv is not stated. There is

another specimen of it from Upsala Botanic Garden, named * M. tripoliwm,” and also

another mounted on the sheet of AZ. ovatwm (which see). The original reference for it is

M. lanceum, Thinb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 89 (1800).

Sonder’s description of this, in * Fl. Cap.,” Vol. II, p. 455. is fairly correct, except

that I believe the stems to be procumbent or een “eesti the plant figured by

De Candolle, “ Plant. Grasses,” t. 47, as M. expansum, may be M. lancewm, Thunb. ; it

does not seem to be M. expansum, Linn. It also seems closely allied to M. varians, Haw.,

and may prove to be that species when better known.

M. lineare, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 411.

One sheet of specimens, for which the localities Zwartland and Groenekloof, in the

Malmesbury Division, are given. This plant is—

M. gramineum, Haw., ~ Obs.,” p. 470 (1795).

M. lineare, Thunb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 88 (1800).

M. pyropaeum, Haw., ~ Suppl..” p. 99 (1819).

M. tricolor, Sims, ~ Bot. Mag.,” t. 2144 (1820), and Haw. ~ Rev.,” p. 163 (1821), not

of Willdenow.

Thunbere’s ‘specimens agree with those of Wolley Dod No. 1796, from sandhills at

Duinefontein.

M. gramineum was founded upon the fi figure and description in Petiver, * Gazophylacium, ”

Vol. I, p. 10, t. 88, f. 6, and “ Cat.,” Vol. Il, p. 4, No. 488, which clearly represents this

plant, although Petiver described the petals as yellow; but, as he seems to have had only

dried specimens, he was perhaps misled by the yellowish colour they sometimes assume

when dried.

Berger, ~ Mesemb.,” p. 38. also quotes MW. clavatum, Haw., as a synonym of this species,

but that name was likewise founded upon a plant figured by Petiver on the same plate

(t. 88, f. 7), which represents quite a different plant with creeping and probably perennial

stems. The M. tricolor, Willd.. quoted by the above authors for this species, is M. eriniflorum,

Linn. {. (which see).

M. linguaeforme, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap..” p. 424.

This is represented by four detached leaves and three flowers. labelled as from a plant

cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden. which certainly do not belong to M. linguiforme,

Linn., but probably to—

Glottiphyllum longum. N E.Br.,in Gardener’s** Chronicle ” (1922), Vol. LXXI., p. 9

Mesembryanthemum longum, Haw., ~ Obs.,” p. 177 (1799).

158

M. loreum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 421.

One flowerless specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden. ‘Thunberg states that it erows

on the Karroo between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld. The specimen, however,

does not belong to M. lorewm, Linn.. but is probably M. crassifolium, Linn., and is identical

with Setilleclivaen No. 8316 (from Zout River) and Wolley Dod No. 1625 (from Governor's

Cottage).

M. micans, Thunb., “Fl. Cap.,” p. 426.

One sheet containing three specimens, collected below the Bokkeveld Mountains.

This plant is not MZ. micans, Linn., and it 1s erroneously quoted as a synonym of

M. collinum, Sond., by Sonder in ~ Fl. Cap.,” Vol. Il. p. 443. That species, however,

was founded upon specimens collected by Zeyher near the Gauritz River, in the Mossel

Bay Division, a widely different locality from that of Thunbere’s plant, which is a different

species and identical with Pearson No. 4903, from Hottentots Kloof, in the Ceres Division,

which is stated to be a ~ weak herb, $—-1 foot ; among bushes.” But it is evidently weak

and lanky and only partly woody from. growing among or in the shade of bushes ; otherwise.

it is ae identical with Thunberg’s shrubby specimens. I propose the following name

for 1b :—

M. exspersum, N.[.Br.

M. micans, Thunb., ~*~ Prodx.,” p. 91, not of Linnaeus.

\ dwarf shrublet, 6-12 ches high, with woody branches about } lie thick and more

slender branchlets. Branches opposite, rather widely diverging at their. origin, with

internodes 3-15 lines long, the young parts ascending, curved or flexuose, with a smooth

brown bark on the old parts, and the y young leafy branchlets purplish or brownish, covered

with scattered longitudinally SomuTIp ERS papillae. Leaves opposite, 2-4 lines (5-6 lines

on Pearson’s specimen) long, 4 line thick on the dried specimens, érect or more or less

spreading, not united at the hase! distinctly concave-channelled down the face, rounded

on the back, obtuse, of equal thickness throughout, not thickened at the apex, mostly

straight, very densely covered with smaller papillae than those on the stem, whiti sh.

Flowers solitary, terminal; pedicels 13-2? inches long, slender, brownish or purplish. with

scattered papillae like those on the stem, which become crowded at the apex. Calyx

\-lobed down to the top of the short and very broadly obconic ovary, densely papitlate ;

loos subequal, 13-2 lines long, deltoid or de Itoid-ovate, acute, two (or three 7) of them

with broad membranous mareins, not appendaged. Petals numerous, 4-43 lines long,

linear, obtuse or notched at the apex, apparently of some shade of red.

M. moniliforme, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 415.

One sheet. containing two good specimens of the plant in a resting condition, that 1s,

without either leaves or flowers. ue original reference 1s—

M. moniliforme, Thunb., in“ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem..” Vol. VILL, Append.,

(UAL),

Thunberg’s specimens represent the plant as about 3 inches high, with stout, crowded

branches 4-6 lines thick, with numerous annular constrictions 1-1} line apart, giving

them the appearance of being formed of a number of flat, button-like beads, dark brown,

olabrous.

This is not quite like the plant I described and figured, partly from memory, in the

Journal of the Linnean Society,” Vol. XLV, p. 116, t. 5, f. 10; as the joints of that plant.

as I remember them, were certainly not so flattened as in Thunberg’s specimens. yet for

all that, it may be specifically the same.

Thunbere collected it on hills near the Olifants River, towards the north, in the Van

Rhynsdorp Division.

M. noctiflorum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 414.

One specimen from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden. It 1s AL. noetiflorum,

Linn.

159

M. nodiflorum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap..” p. 413.

Three sheets of good specimens, all of which belong to M. nodiflorum, Linn. It is

stated to grow near Olifants River. in the Karroo below the Bokkeveld, in Zwartland,

and elsewhere. The specimens quite agree with Schlechter No. 11068, from Eenkokerboom.

Sonder in * Fl. Cap.,” Vol. IH, p. 452. places MW. apetalum, Linn. f. and WM. copticum,

Linn. as synonyms of M. nodiflorwm (in which Berger follows Linn.). but they are both

perfectly distinct from it and from each other, I. copticwm, Linn. being the same as 4/zoon

hispanicum, Linn., and M. apetalum, Linn. f. is described above.

M. ovatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 417.

This name is represented in Thunberg’s Herbarium by one sheet containing two very

distinct species.

The right-hand specimen is identical with Zeyher No. 2624, from the valley and hills

of the Zwartkops River, in the Uitenhage Division, and is undoubtedly the plant intended

by the name M. ovatum, in Thunb., * Fl. Cap.,” p. 417, for which Thunberg gives no

locality.

The left-hand specimen is a branch of J. lancewm, Thunb.

But upon noticing the more erect slope of the letters and the different ink with which

they appear to have been written, that the specific name ~ ovatum”’ was written at a

different time from the name ~ Mesembryanthemum,” 1 consulted the original description

of M. ovatum, Thunb., and found that he there describes a totally different plant. which

is not represented by any specimen in his Herbarium, nor can I find any in the Kew

Herbarium that corresponds to his description. From this | think it probable that his

original specimen must have got lost or destroyed, and that at a later date, when compiling

his < ~ Flora Capensis.”” he mistook the ovate-leaved plant (ike Zeyher No. 2624) for his

AT. ovatum, and because he found it did not correspond with his original description, wrote

a fresh one, made from the specimen he had before him, which is flowerless, and added

such details of the flower as are given, and the statement that it is papulose, from his

original description. Thus we have two very distinct species described by Thunberg

under the name of M. ovatum at different dates. The plant originally described appears

to be a'very small papillate annual, whilst that later described has long (prostrate ’) stems,

and is glabrous and smooth or not conspicuously papillate. The following is a translation

of the “original Se

DM. ovatum, Thunb., “Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.,

p- 8 (1791), not of any anes book or author.

Plant dwarf, diffuse. Root annual, fibrous. Stems several, radical, as long as a finger-

nail or an inch long, somewhat erect, simple, terete. leafless or slightly leafy (probably

with or without bracts). at the middle, papulose, covered with crystalline scales (can

elongated dried watery papillae be intended ?). Radical leaves several (or many). larger,

stem-leaves fewer, fleshy, opposite, connate, the length of a finger-nail or an inch long,

flat, obovate. tapering ‘below, and again widened at the base, obtuse, entire, papulose

above, papulose and covered with hyaline scales beneath, viscid, green or purple. Flowers

terminal, solitary, wlastte. Calyx fleshy, 5-partite, papulose, crystalline and scaly ; lobes

1 line long, with three a little longer, ovate, obtuse, concave, with a thin membranous

margin. Petals numerous, inserted on the calyx and longer than it, linear, entire, white.

Stamens very many, inserted at the base of the calyx and shorter than it ; filaments distinct,

filiform, glabrous. white or purple; anthers ovate, didvmous, yellow. Nectary crowning

the ovary. affixed in a wreath to the margin of the calyx, crenulate, green. Ovary depressed,

5- grooved, glabrous. Styles 5, erect, subulate, acute. Capsule fleshy, depressed-conical,

d-valved, 5-celled. Seeds numerous.

Thunberg states that this plant grows near the Cape, on sandhills, and that it is

common. I cannot, however, as above stated, find any plant in the Kew Herbarium that

agrees with the above description. Can this plant be a form of M. eriniflorwm, Linn. f. ?

160

As the above described plant must take precedence for the name M. ovatwm, that in

Thunberg’s Herbarium now bearing that name requires to be renamed, and as I find it

to be identical with a plant described by Berger, the following will be its synonymy :—

M. Haeckelianum, Berger in ~ Eneler Bot. Jahrb..” Vol. XLV. p. 224 (1910).

M. ovatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 417 (1823), not of “ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car-

Kphem.,” Vol. VII, Append., p. 8 (1791).

M. elongatum, Eckl. & Zey., ~ Enum. Plant. Afr. Austr.,” p. 321 (1836), and in

*Linnaea,”’ Vol. XIX, p. 658 (1847).

M. angulatum var. ovatum, Sond. in ~ FI). Cap., Vol. TI, p. 454, partly (1862).

Root-stock perennial. Stems probably annual ascending or perhaps prostrate with

ascending branches, up to 18 inches long and 13 line thick, angular, gblorows, and apparently

smooth, with internodes up to 2 inches long. Leaves opposite, }-1? inch long, 3—9 lines

broad, lanceolate or ovate, acute, tapering into a petiole at the lower Shindl, entire, glabrous,

ipa ly smooth, fleshy. Flowers solitary in the forks of the stems or axillary. Pedicels

4-1 inch long, moderately stout, glabrous, bractless. Calyx very unequally 4-lobed, the

two larger lobes 6-10 lines long and 3-4 lines broad, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute,

leaf-like, the two smaller 4-5 lines long, with a membranous ovate basal part and a subulate

point. Petals numerous, about 6 lines long and $—# line broad. Stamens numerous.

Style 4-? line long, stout ; stigmas 4, short, sapere nuliy flat, acute.

Valley and hills of the Zwartkops River, in the Uitenhage Division, Zeyher No. 2624,

and without locality, but probably from the same region, a flowerless specimen in Herb.

(Thunbere).

Sonder in © Fl. Cap.,” p. 454, quotes the plant named M. ovatum in Thunberg’s

Herbarium and Zeyher No. 2623 under M. angulatum var. ovatum as both being the same

plant, whereas they are entirely different, the M. ovatum, Herb. (Thunberg), being

M. Haeckelianum, yast described, and Zevher No. 2623 being M. angulatum, Thunb.

M. papulosum, Linn. f., ~ Suppl.,” p. 259 (1781).

One sheet containing three specimens in fruit. This species is not mentioned

Thunberg’s ~ Flora Capensis,” nor is there any indication of locality on the back of the

sheet. But as it was described by Linnaeus fil. from a plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic

Grarden, it may have been raised from seed obtained from these fruiting specimens, or these

specimens may have come from Upsala Garden; and as they accurately agree with the

description of Linnaeus fil., they must be accepted as the type of the species, for there

is no specimen of the plant among those from the Herbarium of the younger Linne, and

as he described many species from Thunberg’s specimens, these may even possibly be those

from which he described. He quotes, however, M. Aitonrs, Jacq. as a synonym of

M. papulosum. This is an error, for M. Aztonis has angular (not terete) stems, quite different

leaves, straight (not deflexed) pedicels, and broad obovate (not subulate) tips to the calyx-

lobes. M. Artonis is also an eastern species from the Uitenhage Division, whilst

M. papulosum grows near Capetown, for it is identical with Wolley Dod No. 2864, from

the shore between Sea Point and Camps Bay. The plant is an annual, covered with large

papillae, and is well marked by the peculiar curvature just below the calyx of the 6-8 lines

long pedicels, causing the flowers to nod. The petals are small and yellow, ~ half as long

as the shorter calyx-lobes.”

M. pinnatifidum, Thunb.. “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

Two sheets; one contains a specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden. The localities

given by Thunberg are Mountains of Roode Zand, near Tulbagh Waterfall, and on the

Paardeberg. All belong to

M. pinnatifidum, Linn. f., “ Suppl..” p. 260 (1781).

16]

M. pinnatum, Thunb., in “Noy. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.,

p. 15 (1791).

The specimens agree with those collected by Wolley Dod at Smitwinkel Vley.

M. pomeridianum, Thunb.. * Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

One specimen froma plant cultivated in Upsala Botanic Garden. It is M. pomeridianum,

Linn. To the synonymy of this plant must be added M. pugioniforme, Houtt., ~ Nat.

ene ’ Deel II, t. 53, separately issued as ‘‘ Handleid. Plant. Kruidkunde,” Vol. IX, p. 32,

. 53; M. capense, Heutt., ec Thunb. ~ Fl. Cap.,” ed. Schultes. p. 411. (See note under

ML erin florum.)

M. pruinosum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 425.

This 1s represented by one very poor specimen, which is AZ. echinatum, Ait.. ~~ Hort.

Kew., ed. 1, Vol. II, p. 194 (1789) ; M. pruinosum, Thunb., in * Noy. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car.

Ephem.,”” Vol. VIII, Append., p. 17 (1791).

Stated to grow in the Karroo near Loeri River, in the Uitenhage Division, and in

Cannaland. Sonder has retained M. pruinosum as a distinct species, but it is unquestionably

identical with JM. echinatum.

M. pugioniforme, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 424.

Two sheets containing scrappy specimens, which belong to JZ. pugioniforme, Linn.

The locality given for it by Thunberg is near Verloren Valley and elsewhere. Sheet 2

contains a specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden.

M. ringens, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 423.

Three sheets marked a, 3, and 7. Under this name Thunberg describes four varieties.

Sheet a contains two species, the two upper specimens, which | have marked ~ 1 ”

on the sheet, evidently represent the plant described by Thunberg under var. a as growing

below the Roggeveld. They have leaves about 9 lines long, with 4-5 acute teeth (not

bristles or cilia) on the margins and 2-3 on the keel. It appears to be M. murinwm, Haw.,

~ Olosn, jo Wes (79s).

The lower specimen and two detached leaves I think belong to M. felinwm, Hill.

Sheet 3 contains two species, the upper left-hand specimen, marked “1,” appears. to

be ML. murinum, Haw., like the specimens on sheet a. The other two specimens, marked “*!

seem to belong to the plant from Hantam, Sai by Thunberg under var. 7, which is

possibly JZ, mustellinum, Haw., ~ Suppl.,” p. 87 (1819).

Sheet 7 contains two specimens of a ae that I cannot identify; it is probably

new, but the material is inadequate for description.

M. rostratum, Linn., Thunb. ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 424, states that this grows in the Karroo

between the Olifants River and the Bokkeveld. But the species is not represented 1

Thunber2’s Herbarium.

M. sabulosum, Thunb., ~ F!. Cap.,” p. 422.

One sheet, containing two specimens of the plant described and a small plant

accidentally mixed with them of MZ. pomeridianum, Linn. The original reference is—

M. sabulosum, Thunb., in “ Noy. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII. Append.,

Oy LN (ES).

Thunberg collected it in sandy places in Zwartland and near Saldhana Bay. His

specimens are identical with Bolus No. 9004, from open places between Tulbagh Kloof and

Pikiniers Kloof: with Stephens No. 7168, between Warmbaths and Modderfontein Farm ;

and with Stephens and Glover No. 8735, from Het Kruis, which have erroneously been

distributed as being J. pomeridianum, Linn.

‘

162

M. scabrum, Thunb., ~ F!. Cap.,” p. 420.

Three sheets, marked 1, 2, and 3, stated to grow on hills near Capetown.

Sheet 1 contains one very poor specimen of a species that is not determinable, but

is not M. seabrum, Linn.

Sheets 2 and 3 both contain only specimens of JZ. bracteatum, Ait., ““ Hort. eae

ed. 1, Vol. Il, p. 185 (1789).

M. secundum, Thunb., ~ Mus. Nat. Acad. Upsal. Auct.,” Part II, p. 12 (1827), name only,

no description.

This is not quoted in Thunb. “ Fl. Cap.” The specimen is identical with those of

Burke No. 468 and is M. articulatum, Thunb. (which see).

M. serratum, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

One sheet, containing one flowerless branch. It is possibly JZ. tenwifoliwm, Linn.,

but certainly not JZ. serratwm, Linn. No locality is given for it.

M. sessile, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 419.

One specimen in fruit, collected in the Karroo between the Olifants River and the

Bokkeveld Mountains. The original place of publication is—

M. sessile, Thunb., in ““ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII, Append.,

p: 14 (1791).

Evidently a woody shrub or shrublet. The type consists of a straight terete main

branch about 1} line thick at the base, giving off numerous very short opposite leaf-bearing

and flowering brane rier 2-5 lines lone, ‘Including the flowers, and three spreading alternate

branches 1 ap inch long (but are broken at the ends and have been longer) and more than

\ line thick; internodes 2-4 lines long; bark brown. Leaves 1-2 closely placed pairs to

each branchlet, 1-13 line long and about as broad, probably larger when alive, half-globose,

rounded at the apex, flat or slightly concave (from shrinkage ?) above, very convex on

the back, glabrous, smooth, apparently pellucid-dotted. Pedicel terminal and solitary

on the short lateral branchlets, i line long, not bracteate (as Sonder Tne states).

gradually passing into the obconic calyx-tube, which is 1} line long. Calyx 5-lobed ;

lobes 1-14 line long, ovate, obtuse. Flowers red, ex Thunberg. but the specimen is in

unripe fruit. Capsule 2-2} lines in diameter, with 5 acute ridges on the flattish top,

purplish, ex Thunberg.

[ have not been able to match this with any specimen at Kew.

Sonder has placed M. cymbiforme, Haw., ~ Obs.,” p. 264, as a synonym of M. sessile:

Thunb., but that species is a totally different plant, with much larger leaves than those

of M. sessile, Thunb.

M. spathulatum, Thunb., in “ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem..” Vol. VII, Append..

p. 5 (1791), not of Willdenow.

This species is omitted from all other books, including Thunbere’s * Flora Capensis,

and no specimen so named exists in his Herbarium. MM. spathulatum. Willd., which seems

to have hitherto been mistaken for Thunberg’s plant by Willdenow, De ( ‘andolle, Sonde1,

and Berger (who wrongly quotes the name as ~ M. spathulifoliwm”). is an annual, and

is the same as WM. criniflorwm, Linn. f., which grows near Capetown, whilst MZ. spathulatum

of Thunberg is described as a perennial, from the Roggeveld region, and thenefore not

at all likely to be the same species. The following is a translation of Thunberg’s description

of M. spathulatum. ;

A stemless perennial. . Root thick, fleshy, with fibres, divided above into several

little stems. Leaves about 6, radical, approximate, erect, alternately opposite, about

as lone as a finger-nail (“‘ unguicularia ’), connate (at the. base), ovate, obtuse, with a

163

point (apiculate), tapering and smoothish at the basal part, papillate-scabrid at the upper

part, slightly concave above, convex on the back, entire, green, with a red margin, the

two lower withered. Flower solitary, from the centre of the leaves, radical, pedunculate,

white. Peduncle shorter than the leaves, 1-flowered. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes ovate-

lanceolate.

It grows on the intermediate Roggeveld, and was out of flower in November.

Although no specimen in Thunberg’s Herbarium is named M. spathulatum. 1 find in

it an unnamed specimen that so exactly agrees with the original description of that species,

that I think there can be no doubt whatever that it is the specimen of M. spathulatum

from which he made his description, but that he omitted to write the name on the sheet,

thas probably causing it to be omitted from his “ Flora Capensis.”’ This specimen is

marked on the back of the sheet merely as having been collected at the Cape of Good Hope

by Thunberg. The following is a description of the specimen :—

A stemless perennial. Root-stock fleshy, about 2 inches long and ? inch thick at the

upper part, where it divides into a few branches 34 lines long and 2-4 hnes thick, each

crowned with a small rosette of leaves ; the lower part is abruptly contracted into a more

slender portion giving off fibres. Leaves 4-6 in each rosette or growth, opposite, crowded,

erect, or the outer spreading and withermg: each leaf 4-7 lines long, 4—5 lines broad at

the apical part, spathulate-obovate, very obtusely rounded at the apex, with a short

apiculus, narrowed into a stout petiole-like part from about the middle to the base, where

they are very shortly united, the upper part on both surfaces scabrid-papillate, from

being covered with small, crowded, hard tubercles, which when highly magnified are seen

to be themselves rough from being covered with very minute, hard, conical papillae :

the lower or petiolar part.is smoother; they appear to have been flat or perhaps slightly

concave above, convex on the back. The specimen is flowerless, but there is a detached

capsule, which evidently belongs to the plant, as the calyx-lobes are covered with the same

peculiar tubercles, which on the lower part pass into crowded smooth dots, that are probably

slightly prominent on the hving plant. This capsule is 6 lines in diameter, hemispheric

and 5: valved, with 5 calyx-lobes and a piece of a slender pedicel 1 line long, that is not

dotted, attached to it. The calyx-lobes are 2-3 lines long, broadly ovate, apparently

acute.

This very distinct plant is nearly allied to M. calearewm, Marloth, which also has the

same peculiar type of tubercles upon its leaves, but they are longer, differently rounded

at the apex, and are without the little apiculus present on those of M. spathulatum..

M. spinosum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.” p. 420.

Three sheets, marked a, 3, and 7, collected in the Karroo between Olifants River

and the Bokkeveld Mountains, and at Hantam.

Sheet a contains a specimen identical with ~ MW. spinosum, a,” of Herb. Drége, but

it is not M. spinosum, Linn., and is undescribed. I therefore describe it as—

M. aculeatum, N.E.Br.

A shrub resembling M. spinoswm in habit. with 3-forked spiny flowering branches.

Branches straight, not “intricately intermingled. Internodes 4-12 lines long, with grey

or brown bark on the old parts, the younger parts, including the spines, which are 6-9 lines

long and nearly or quite half a line thick at their base, marked with elongated immersed

dots, glabrous. Leaves opposite, short and stout, shortly united at the base, 13-23 lines

long, 14-2 lines broad and 1 line thick on the dried specimens, flat above, slightly keeled

beneath, obtuse or apiculate, spreading, each with a young shoot 2-3 lines long in its axil,

bearing two pairs of crowded leaves, obscurely g gland-dotted. Flowers solitary from the

tufts of leaves on the w idely spreading spines. Pedicels 1 line or less long. Calyx 5-lobed:

about 14 line in diameter across the short and very broadly obconic (or hemispheric ?)

tube (ovary); lobes subequal, about 1 line long, ovate, obtuse, three with broad

inembranous margins. Corolla probably about 5 lines in diameter, with petals about

2 lines lony. Stamens numerous, stigmas 5, ene, 1 line long, stout at the base, tapering

to an awn-like point.

Drége’s specimen was collected in the Nieuweveld, between Rhenoster Kop and Ganze

Fonteim, in the Beaufort West Division. The above description, however, is made entirely

from Thunberg’s specimen. ‘

Sheet 3 contains two specimens of a very distinct spiny species that I cannot match

with any specimen at Kew, but it is too imperfect to describe.

Sheet 7 contains a specimen of a species allied to the true M. spinosum, Linn., but

is apparently distinct. Masson also collected it ; his specimens are at the British Museum.

In Herbaria and books several species are included under the name M. spinosiwm.

M. splendens, Thunb., ~ FI. Cap.,” p. 414.

One specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden of MZ. splendens, Linn.

M. stipulaceum, Thun., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 499.

One sheet so named, containing a specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden, which is

M. falcatum, Linn., and not at all like M. stipulaceum, Linn.

M. subincanum, Haw., in “ Phil. Mag.,” Vol. LXIV, p. 427 (1824).

Two sheets thus named by Sonder, and apparently correctly. The specimens on

one sheet match those of Zevher No. 2604.

M. tenuifolium, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 421.

Four sheets, marked 1, 2, 3, and 4 (but the 4 1s written very like a 2). No indication

of locality is given.

Sheet 1 contains two specimens of a new species allied to WZ. gracile, Haw., but is

more slender, and is identical with Rogers No. 16826 (from near Clanwilliam), and Stephens

No. 5170 (from Boontjes River).

Sheet 2 contains a specimen of M. polyanthon. eee " Synop.,” p. 270 (1812), of

which M. glomeratum, Salm Dyck. ** Mesemb.,” § 48, fig. 1 (not of Linnaeus) is a synonym.

It is quite distinct from the plant wrongly figured hy ‘Salm Dyck as being M. polyanthon,

Salm Dyck’s plant being M. violaceum, D. C.

Sheet 3 contains a specimen of M. productum, Haw.

Sheet 4 contaims two species. The right-hand specimen is MZ. productum., Haw.,

‘Phil. Mag.,” Vol. LXIV, p. 425 (1824). The left-hand specimen may possibly be a

weak branch of M. tenwfolium, Linn., but is not determinable with any certainty.

M. testiculare, Thunb.. “ Fl. Cap..” p. 412.

One sheet, containing two specimens in fruit of AZ. testiculare, Ait., ** Hort. Kew.,”

ed. 1, Vol. Il, p. 181 (1789) ; Thunb. in ~ Nov. Act. Acad. leop.-Car. Hphem.,” Vol. VIII,

Append., p. 6 (1791).

Collected in the Karroo between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains.

M. tetragonum, Thunb., “Fl. Cap.,” p. 426.

One specimen collected at Hantam, the type of M. tetragonum, Thunb.. ~ Prodr.,

p. 91 (1800). ‘ Thunberg’s specimen is the same as Zeyher No. 702 and Pearson Nos. 3066,

3391, and 3688, which have incorrectly been distributed under the name of M. defoliatum,

Haw. That species, however, differs in habit, has a connate leaves and shorter pedicels.

Possibly a plant collected by Pearson at Plaatklip, Namaqaaland, and distributed under

the same name without a number, may be the true M. defoliatum, Haw. (AL. clavatum,

Jacq., not of Haw.).

Thunberg describes the stems of A. fefragonum as ~ subtetragonous,” but his specimen

has terete stems with a slight compression at the nodes, where alone they can be called

subtetragonous, and they are in no way different from the stems of the specimens of Zeyher

and Pearson

165

Sonder in ~ FI. Cap..” Vol. IL. p. 432, erroneously quotes JZ. fascieulatum, Thunb., as

a synonym of M. tetragonum, but Hie two species are totally different, as | have noted

under M. fasciculatum, Thunb.

N.B.—As Moench, two years later, in his * Methodus Plantas, Stpplementum,”’

p. 191 (1802), also published a species under the name of JZ. tetragonwm, which has been

omitted by modern monographers, T would like to point out to future workers upon this

genus, that it 1s probably a synonym of some species described by Haworth. The

description of MZ. tetragonum, Moench, is as follows :——

Stem erect, shrubby. glabrous, smooth greyish; branches tetragonous. Leaves

decussate, distinct (i.e. not united at the base), triquetrous, keeled, acute, not dotted,

with the margins and keel reddish. Flowers solitary subsessile. Calyx 5-lobed ; Jobes

ovate, three with membranous tips. Corolla reddish, with subulate petals.

M. tortuosum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 427.

Two sheets marked @ and §. Collected in the Karroo.

Sheet @ contains two specimens of JM. tortwoswm, Linn., which agree with those of

Pearson No. 3057 (from the valley of Kamsoap).

Sheet 3 contains four pieces of MM. evpansum, Linn.

M. trichotomum, Thunb., © Fl. Cap..” p. 419.

One specimen, collected between the Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains,

the type of M. trichotomum, Thunh., in ~ Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,” Vol. VIII,

Append., p. 14 (1791).

This dwarf shrubby species continuously branches in a trichotomoas manner from

the base, with internodes 5-12 lines long, greyish, not dotted with white. The ultimate

branches are only 14-2 inches long, not 2— 3 inches as stated by Sonder. Leaves opposite,

2-5 lines long and opyenortily aboat 1 line broad and 1 line thick, flat above, shghtly keeled

at the apical part on the back (obsoletely trigonous, ex Thunberg), obtuse, firm, smooth

(not papillate), green. Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile. Calyx 4-lobed ; lobes unequal.

the larger pair leaf-like up to 3 lines (or perhaps more) long, and twice as long as the shorter

pair, which are ovate, obtuse, membranous, keeled on the back. Corolla yah the outer

petals spreading, dark purple, the inner short. whitish. Styles 4. very short, erect,

purple ; stigmas simple, spreading, yellow.

The above is Thunberg’s description with particulars from the specimen included.

The floral structure cannot be seen without damaging the specimen, as there are only

two flowers upon it. I fail to match this species with any specimen at Kew. but Pearson

No. 5549 is evidently allied to it, differing by its foliage, white-dotted branches. and

pedicellate flowers.

M. tripolium, Thunb., “ Fl. Cap.,” p. 417.

One specimen from Upsala Botanic Garden, which is M7. laneewm, Thunb., not

M. tripolium, Linn. (See ander M. lancewmn.)

M. truncatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 412.

One shect, containing two specimens, collected among rocks in the Kamanassie Karroo

in all probability, as he ae that it flowers in January and February, and he was in that

region in January, 1774, But Thunberg also states that it grows in the Karroo below

the Bokkeve Id, and near Hex River. As he only collected in these localities in October

and November, 1773 and 1774, the Kamanassie Karroo is the more probable locality for

it, and I have no doubt he mistook other species of this group for JZ. truncatum, for many

of them are very similar in appearance. This plant is-

Conophytum truncatum, N.H.Br., in the Gardeners’ Chronicle ” (1922), Vol. LNXT,

p. 261.

166

Mesembryanthemum truncatum, Thunb., in ~ Noy. Act. Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem.,”

Vol. VIII, Append.» p. 5 (1791).

Plant forming dense tufts, composed of closely packed branches $14 inch long and

about 3 lines thick, including the numerous wrinkled, slightly shining, brown sheaths

of a firm or somewhat parchment-like (not membranous) texture with which they are covered.

Growths about 4 lines long and 3-4 lines in diameter across the top, which Thunberg

describes as ~ retuse-truncate.” The dried growths are glabrous, smooth, slightly shining,

of a tan-brown colour, and conspicuously dotted. The spectmens seem to have the remains

of either some very damaged flowers or youre fruits that are damaged and not in a fit

state to examine, and also one perfect capsule 24 lines in diameter, with 5 valves. Thunberg

describes the calyx as 4-lobed, but in this specime n it was doubtless 5-lobed, although

the lobes have disappeared. Yet it is not uncommon with species of this genus for flowers

on the same plant to vary in the number of the calyx-lobes from 4—5.

This species seems never to have been found by any other collector, and has never

been in cultivation.

M. tuberosum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 421.

This species is now missing from Thunberg’s Herbarium. But as, according to the

description, it is quite a different plant frem that to which Linnaeus had long before applied

the same name. I propose for it the following change of name, and add a translation of

Thunberg’s description :—

M. stratum, N.H.Br.

M. tuberosum, Thunb., ~ Prodr.,” p. 90 (1800), and ~ FI. Cap.,” p. 421, not of Linnaeus.

Stem prostrate, 9 inches or more ee filform, terete, branching, glabrous, greyish.

Branches opposite, somewhat secund, dectmbent, about 3 inches long, papulose, green.

Leaves opposite, united and sheathing at the base, about half as long as a finger-nail,

terete-subulate, erect, papulose. Flowers terminating the branchlets, pedunculate, red.

Peduncle thickened (upwards 7), about as long as the Teaves, 1-flowered, papulose. Calyx

5-lobed, papulose ; lobes lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, erect. Petals linear, obtuse.

Grows on dry plains near Downes (Daunis), in the Calvinia Division.

Thunberg makes no mention of the plant having a tuberous root-stock or producing

tubers, so that his name ~“ tuberosum” seems inapplicable, unless he intended it to mean

that because the plant was papillate on all ereen parts it was full of small swellings (from

tuber. a swelling).

M. umbellatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 414.

There are six sheets bearing this name, marked a, 5, 7, 0, ¢, and ¢. Thunberg

describes three plants as varieties under this name, but I am unable to fit his specimen

to the descriptions with certainty.

Sheet @ contains one specimen of a species I am not able to identify. It is identical

with Bolus No. 9009 (from near Clanwilliam).

Sheet 3 contains three specimens ; the right-hand specimen, which | have marked * B ”

on the sheet, is M. parviflorum, Jacq., “ Hort. Schoenbr.,” Vol. II, p. 15, t. 278 (1798).

The other two specimens, marked “ A,” I do not match with any species at Kew.

Sheet 7 contains two specimens of what is probably an undescribed species, which is

the same An Pearson No. 5181 (from the southern slopes of Pikinier’s Pass).

Sheets 0 and ¢ contain specimens that I believe to belong to MW. tuberosum, Linn.

Sheet ¢ contains two specimens of a new species allied to M. arboriforme, Burch., but

has shorter and stouter leaves, and the branches of the cyme diverge at a smaller angle,

but it 1s scarcely in good enough condition to describe from,

167

Neither of the specimens belong to M. wmbellatum, Linn., and | am unable to say

to which of the localities he gives the various specimens belong. He states that they

grew in the Karroo between Olifants River and the Bokkeveld Berg, and in the Karroo

beyond Hartequas Kloof.

M. uncinatum, Thunb., ~ Fl. Cap.,” p. 420.

One sheet, containing four specimens, three of which belong to MW. wncinatwm, Linn..

“Sp. Pl..” ed. 1, p. 483 (1753); M. wncinellum, Haw., “ Rev.,” p. 125 (1821).

These specimens are identical with Rehmann No. 2844 (from Verkeerde Vley, in the

Ceres Division).

The foarth specimen is a scrap of M. villoswm, L. (M. Ecklonis, Salm Dyck, “* Mesemb..”’

§ 49, fig. 5), evidently accidentally mixed with the other specimens.

Thunberg collected WM. wncinatum on the Karroo between the Olifants River and

the Bokkeveld Mountains.

M. verruculatum, Thunb.. ~ Fl. Cap.,.” p. 435.

One sheet, containing three specimens, all belonging to different species, neither of

which is M. verruculatum, Linn.

Thunberg gives two descriptions, and states that one (description a) grows in the

Karroo between the Olifants River and the Bokkeveld, and the other (description 9) at

Hantam.

The lower specimen on the sheet, which seems to fit description ~ a,” has been marked

* 8” by Sonder, and quoted by him as being M. veruculoides, Sond. But it is not the

plant described by him under that name, his description having been made from a plant

collected by Zeyher. Thunberg’s specimen is not determinable.

The middle specimen on the sheet is WM. glawewm, Linn.

The upper specimen is different from either of the others, and consists of a piece of a

stout, prostrate, leafy, purple stem without flowers. It is identical with Wolley Dod’s

specimens Nos. 2420 and 3663 (from Lion’s Head, near Capetown), which I have not

identified.

Besides these enumerated above, Thunberg’s Herbarium contains four sheets that

are unnamed by Thunberg, one of them being named by Sonder. The following is my

identification of these :—

M. caninum, Lam., ~ Encycl.,”’ Vol. Il, p. 487 (1786).

One sheet, labelled on the back as from Upsala Botanic Garden.

M. noctiflorum, Linn.

One specimen, labelled * Caroo infra Bockland.”

A specimen that is without information on the sheet, may possibly be MJ. spectabile,

Haw., ~ Obs.,” p. 385 (1795).

M. villosum, Linn., “Sp. Pl..” ed. 1, p. 483 (1753).

M. Ecklonis, Salm Dyck, ** Mesemb..” § 49, fig. 5 (after 1836).

One specimen. stated on the back of the sheet to have been collected at the Cape of

Good Hope.

It is correctly named M. Keklonis by Sonder. which so exactly agrees with the original

description of M. villoswn under the name of ~ Mesembryanthemum caule folvisque

pubescentibus ” in Linnaeus, ~ Hortus Cliffortianus,” p. 216, as quoted in his ~ Species

Plantarum,” that I have no doubt whatever of its identity with that plant, although there

is no specimen of M, villosum in the Linnean Herbarium,

168

PAGE

Aizoon hispanicum, Linn..............- 146, 159

>» mucrophyllim, Barth). oe... eye 155

Conophytum truncatum, N.BW.Br.............. 165

ralenia filiformas, N.B.Br................... 155

3. _ Warerag olka, EBA. goon ccn coe 0080 155

Glottiphyllum longum, N.E.Br.....,......6.- 157

Mesembryanthemum acinaciforme, Linn.... 145, 156

aculeatum, N.S. Br......- 163

& Aitonis, Jacy.......- 145, 146,

160

albidum, Linn., Thunb... 145

anatomicum, Haw....... 154

angulatum, Thunb.... 145, 160

angulatum var. gracile,

Sond eee een 146

anygulatum var. ovatum,

Sond. . Pistade seen a scuie tieeaG O)

aupetalum, Linn. fae . 146, 159

arboriforme, Burch...... 166

articulatum, Thunb.. 146, 147,

162

quratum, Sond.......... 148

aurewm, Linn.......-.-- 148

aureum, Thunb........- 148

barbatum, Berger........ 148

harbatum, Haw.......... 148

barbatum, Linn.......... 148

barbatum, Thunb........ 148

bellsdiflorum, Thunb..... 148

‘ bellidifolium ” (2),

Herb. dh Mente oro 148

“ bicolor,’ Herb. Thunb. 149

hbicolorum, Thunb........ 149

brachiatum, Ait......... 152

bracteatum, Ait....... 149, 162

brevifolium, Ait...... 149, 150,

156

brevifolium, Haw., and

WHS Booooooovasocn de 149

brevifolium, Sond........ 156

calamiforme, L.......... 149

calcareum, Marl......... 163

calycinum, Haw......... 156

cantlens, Haw........... 156

caninum, Wiam.......... 167

capense, Houtt. ea Thunb. 161

capillare, Linn. f..... 149, 150

capillare, Thunb..... 149, 156

ciliatum, Ait., Thunb.... 151

clavatim, Haiw.........-- 157

clavatum, Jacq.......... 164

cocceincwm, Haw......... 149

collinum, Sond.......... 1098

copticum, Jacd.......... 146

copticum, Linn.......... 159

corallinum, Thunh....... 151]

cordifolium, Linn. f.,

Maun biog socials cee 152

crassifolium, Linn.... 154, 158

crassifolium, Thunb, .... 152

Mesembryanthemum criniflorum, Linn. f.,

PAGE

MMOWEM OD con6c000c00 152, 157,

159

crystallinwm, Linn...

Mhunibss hex. len nee eats 152

crystallophanes, ekl. &

VEEN Ha Ac Soret on eeROr Os3 145

cymbiforme, Haw........ 162

debile, Te ee ete ani de oo

decussatwm, Thunb... 152, 153

defoliatum, Haw......... 164

deltoides, Linn., Thunb.. 153

denticulatum, Haw....... 15:

difforme, Linn........... 153

difforme, Thunb......... 153

digitatum, Ait........... 153

digitiforme, Thunb...... 15:

dissimile, N.E.Br........ 157

dolabriforme, Linn....... 15¢

dolabriforme, Thunb..... 15:

echinatum, Ait.......... 161

Lcklonis, Salm Dyck.... 167

edule, Linn., Thunb..... 154

elongatum, Kekl. & Zevh, 160

emarcidum, Thunb...... 154

emarginalum, Linn.,

Phiunlby yen: wes eset 154

erectum, Haw........... 56

crigeriflorum, Jacq...... 150

exiguum, N.H.Br........ 15:

cupansum, D. C........, 57

cupansum, Linn...... 154, 157,

165

expansum, Thanb,...... 154.

_expersum, N.E. Br... 2... 158

falcatum, Linn.......... 164

falcatum, Thunb......... 154

fasciculatum, Thunb.. 154, 165

fastigiatum, Haw........ 155

fastigiatum, Thunb...... 155

jpn, EM sopconn onc 161

[Heel WIR os0cc00gner 152

jiliforme, Thunh......... 155

floribundum, Haw....... 156

forficatum, Thunh.... 145, 156

yentculitflorum, Linn.,

Thunb.. »-) Ld38s 156

ylaucum, Linn., “Thunh.. 156,

167

gromeratum, Salm Dyck. -

Gintiodlle, IEIB 550000060000 164

qraminewm, Haw........ 1d7

qranulicaule, Haw....... 147

Haeckelianum, Berger... 160

hispidum, Linn......... 157

hispidum, Thunb........ 156

hipsidum (2), Hb. Thunb. 156

intonsum, Haw.......... 148

junceum, Haw.....-+.-+. 147

lacerwm, Haw.,.......,. Lot

169

PAGE PAGE

Mesembryanthemum laeve, Vhunb............ 157 Mesembryanthemum scabrum, Thunb......... 162

lanceum, Thunb,..... 157, 159 ¥ secundum, Thunb..... 147, 162

165 0 STROH, LUND sadcocccus WGP

lateriflorum, D. C........ = 5 serratum, Thunb........ 162

os (inh, ENNnc occ0000 06 152 sessile, Thunb........ 150, 162

Pe hinge, IIMINDcoo coca no WaT spathulatum, Thunb... .. 162

sa linguaeforme, Thunb..... 157 spathulatum, Willd... 152, 162

3 linguiforme, Linn........ 157 spathulifolium, Berger... © —

longum, HWaiwen... 2.6 - 157 1 spectabile, Haw......... 167

loncun linn eee eee LOS - spinosum, Linn...... 163, 164

A lorewm, Lhunb..........- 158 -; spinosum, Thunb........ 163

micans, Linn., Thunb. 156, 158 = splendens, Linn., Thunb. 164

- moniliforme, Thunb...... 158 % stelligerum, Haw........ 148

5 murinum, Haw........+. 161 fe stipulaceum, Linn....... 164

3 mustellinum, Haw....... 161 5 stipulaceum, Thunb..... 164

35 MOONE, LIEW oo 00000006 149 hy SUH Nab ieee tena 166

namaquense, Sond....... 153 a subglobosum, Haw....... 149

noctiflorum, Linn., Thunb. 158, 4 subincanum, Haw....... 164

167 i tenuifolium, Linn..... 162, 164

: nodiflorum, Linn., Thunb. 159 2 tenvifolium, 'Thunb...... 164

ae ovatum, Thunb....... 157. 159 =H ltesticulare, Ait., Thunb.. 164

160 ay tetragonum, Moench..... 165

papuliferum, D. C....... 159 30 tetragonum, Thunb... 154, 164

papulosum, Linn. f... 146, 160 % Thunberqu, Haw........ 157

: parviflorum, Jacq........ 166 - tortuosum, Linn., Thunb. 165

pinnatifidum, Linn. f., 3 trichotomum, Thunb... .. 165

dTMiiinibeeenorecacee aeae rs 160 a tricolor) SiMSes oe ee 157

5 pinnatum, Thunb........ 160 5 tricolor, Willd........ 152. 157

55 plenifolium, N.E.Br..... 155 Fs tripolium, Lipn....... 154, 165

5 polyanthon, Haw........ 164 3 tripolium, Thunb..... 157, 165

uy polyanthon, Salm Dyck. 164 - truncatum, Thunb.... 165, 166

pomeridianum, Linn., 3 tuberosum, Linn......... 166

Mhunibyseereee oe 152, 161 3 tuberosum, Vhunb....... 166

ah praecultum, N.E.Br...... 156 La umbellatum, Linn........ 167

productum, Haw......... 164 ” umbellatum, Thunb...... 166

6 pruinosum, Thunb...... 161 es uncinatum, Linn., Thunb. 167

pugioniforme, Houtt.. 152, 161 M uncinellum, Haw........ =

pugioniforme, Linn...... 16] - VUMUCHUS aLLUW yl t elle 157

pugioniforme, Thunb.,... 161 96 verruculatum, Linn... ... 167

pyropaeum, Haw..... 152, 157 a verruculatum, Thunb.... 167

RANI, BMincacooconcooe | By) Bs veruculoides, Sond....... 167

mingens, Rhunibi.....-.-: 161 es willosum, inn.......... 167

TOSCUM = NVALL Cleary. eres ciee 156 + riolacewm, WS Chow... 164

POSTON eine oon O Lael ChGGyGluisseNEbe Bier eeerenicii erate a: 151

sabulosum, Thunb....... 161 os CHD, WEIDER 6 ococacooo Ko K0 151

SCQOLUNT. Mule eee ee = 162

SOUTH AFRICAN GRAMINEAE.

A NEW GENUS AND SEVEN NEW SPECIES:

3y SYDNEY M. Stent.

Mosdenia. — Genus novo. Tragus similis sed glumae emuricatae, subaequales

spiculae solitariae. Folia eciliata.

Mosdenia waterbergensis, Stent. (PI. 1.)

Gramen perenne, basim decumbente stolonifere ; stolones cataphyllibus brevibus

dense imbricatis obtecti. Jnnovationes intravaginales, vaginis brevis et foliis distichis.

Culmi ascendentes 60-90 cm. longi, simplices, vel ad nodes inferiores ramosi; internodii

breviter exserti. Foliorwm vaginae teres, arctae, striatae, glabrae, laeves, laminis

pallidiores ; ligulae brevis 0-5—-0-3 mm. membranaceae ; laminae lineares ad 12 cm. longae,

5 mm. latae, glaucescentes, glabrae. Sprca cylindrica, densa, spiculis solitarus nodos

tomentosos rachis ferentibus; rachis striata, scabris. Spiculae 3:75 mm. longae,

uniflorae, anguste lineares, subfalcatae, glabrae, praeter basem crassum minute-pilosum ;

glumae subequales, inferior paulo longior et latiore, navicularis, falcata, rigide membranacea ;

carina virida prominente, superior idem sed angustior et strictior; valva 3 mm. longa,

hyalina, 1-3 nervosa; palea subaequale. Stamina 3. Styli distincti, breves ; lodiculae

truricatae, ovarium subaequantes.

Perennial prostrate ascending, root-stock stoloniferus, stolons covered with short,

dry, densely imbricate cataphylls. Innovation shoots intravaginal with short sheaths

and distichously-arranged leaves. Culms ascending 60-90 cm. high, simple or branched

from the lower nodes. internodes shortly exserted, leafy towards the base. Leaf sheaths

terete, tight, striate, glabrous, paler than the blades, smooth; ligule short 0-5-0-3mm.

membranous; blades linear, tapering to an acute or sub-acute poimt, up to

12 em. long x 5 mm. broad, bluish-green, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous on the margins,

without a distinct midrib, rounded or slightly eared at the base. Inflorescence a siagle

dense spike, the sessile spikelets arranged singly on minutely and densely tomentose notches,

in whorls or spirals round a common ribbed and scabrid axis, from which they fall entire.

Spikelets 3-75 mm. long, 1-flowered, glabrous except at the minutely hairy thickened

base, narrow linear, subfalcate ; glwmes subequal to equal. lower slightly longer and

broader than the upper, boat-shaped, curved, rigidly membranous. with a prominent

oreen scabrid keel ; upper like the lower but narrower and straighter ; valve aboat 3 mm.

lone, delicately hyaline, l-nerved or sub 3-nerved; pale nearly equalling the valve.

Stamens 3. Ovary ovate ; style short, distinct ; lodicules truneate, about as large as the

Ovary.

On sand-veld. Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Transvaal, Galpin M. 447 ;

ooikop, Springbok Flats, Pole Hvans.

This grass was first noticed by Mr. Galpin on bis farm Mosdene, and later was collected

by Dr. Pole Evans on the farm Rooikop. The latter reports the grass as growing plentifally

but being, on account of its short herbage, of little agricultural yalue, :

Mosdenia Waterbergensis, Stent.

_ A,—Spikelet. B.—Lower glume. C,.-—-Upper glume. D.—Valve. E.—Pale,

F.—Pistil and stamens, G.—Grain.

Eragrostis valida, Stent.

Gramen perenne, dense caespitosum ; rhizoma obliqua. Culmi erecti, glabri, validi,

120-150 cm. longi, internodis inclusis; nodis paucis. Folorum vaginae longae, arctac

imbricatae, glabrescentes, inferiores 26 cm. longae, dense hirsutae, plerumque purpureae ;

laminae lineares longe tenuiterque, acutatae, ad 60 cm. longae, 7 mm. latae, glabrae, sed

post ligulos pilus longiis mollibus tectis, planae, rigidae, supra asperulae, infra, laevae ;

higulae ad marginem dense ciliatum redactae. Panccula patula vel contracta ad 30 cm.

longa, rhachibus sulcatis minute scaberulis; ram? subverticillati vel fasciculati, prope

basim divise, ramuli breves spiculis pedicellis brevibus-appressis. Spiculae griseo-olivaceae,

hneares, ad 6-25 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, 5-7 floribus: rhachilla subpersistens tandem

disarticulata ; glwmae subaequales, acutae, carinis scabris, superior paulo longior; valvae

obtusae circa 2 mm. longae ; paleae truncatae, carinis scabris; antherae 3 mm. longae ;

caryopsis oblonga, 0-3 mm. longa, fusca, dorsa concava.

Perennial densely tufted on an oblique rhizome. Culms erect, glabrous, simple, stout,

5 feet high, and sheathed for almost their entire length, few noded. Sheaths long, the

oe er ones up to 26 cm. long, tight. imbricating, softly hairy with tubercle based “The dis

or glabrescent ; blades linear, tapering to a fine point, up to 60 em. long x 7 mm. broad,

glabrous except for the long soft hairs at the base behind the lewle, smooth below, finely

scaberulous above, finely ribbed, flat and rather rigid ; ligule a short densely ciliate rim.

Panicle open or contracted up to 30 cm. long; rachis suleate, minutely scaberulous, with

glandular swellings in the axils of the branches; branches subverticillate or fascicled,

divided from near the base. Spikelets on short pedicels, more or less appressed to the

short branchlets, dark-greyish or olive-green, up to 6-25 mm. long x 2 mm. broad, linear,

5—-T-flowered, rachilla sub-persistent, ultimately breaking up: “glumes subequal, acute,

scabrid on the keel, lower 2 mm. long, upper slightly longer : valves obtuse, 2 mm. or

slightly longer, side nerves reaching beyond the middle; pale truncate, with broad flaps

and sci abridl keels ; anthers 3 mm. long; grain oblong, quadrangular, 0-3 mm. long, brown,

concave or grooved on the back.

Maritzbure, Natal, Angus 2 (Govt. Herb. 13862).

Near to E. curvala var. valida, but a stouter, coarser grass, with long, tight sheaths

that enclose the clums, the lower ones very hairy and long, usually of a purplish colour,

Mr. Angus says of this grass: “ A big, coarse variety that grows very erect, has a

dark purple stem, which is covered thickly with hairs, and is, if anything, better relished

by cattle than No. 3 (#. cuwrvala) . . . apparently good feeding, as cattle geet imto

good condition whilst feeding on them.”

Schizachyrium inclusum, Stent. (Pl. IL.)

Gramen annuum, Culm erecti, simplices, circa 75 cm. longi, 5-nodi, glabri, nodis

inferioribus brevisstmis teretibus vel subcompressis. Foliorum vaginae laxae, carinae

elabrae laeves; ligulae membranaceae, ad0-75 mm. fongae, minute fimbriatae ; laminae

lineares, base paulo constricti, glabrae, sed post ligulam pilis longis paucis tectis, 6-10 cm.

longae, 2:3 cm. latae, longe attenuatae, apicibus obtuses vel subacutis, planae, vel

complicatae, plerumque rubescentes. Panicula spuria longa, angusta, exigua: ram

eraciles; spathae 3-5 cm. longae, angustae rubescentes laminas minutas apicibus

verentes : pedunculi communes graciles, clavati. Racemi 2-nati, in spathis inclusi,

2-5 em. longi, ad circa 6 articuli; articuld 3-5 mm. longi, aliquantum coneavi, cuneati,

apici cupuliforme dentato, 1 mm. longo, breviter ciliati, alloga glabri ; pedicell articulis

aequales, complanati, lmeares, breviter et parce ciliati, apicibus 2-dentatis. Spicula

sessilis inter articalum pedicellumque a latere admodum compressa, 4 mm. longa, callo

1 mm, longo, barbato; gluma inferior chartacea, marginibus hyalinis, dorso convex:

apicem versas bi-carinata et asperula, nervebus intra-carinis 4-5; gluma superior

eymbiforma acuta, {-nerves, breviter mucronata, inferne subchartacea, apicem versus

inembranacea, vel fere hyalina ; valva inferior linear oblonga, hyalina, vacua, 2-3 mm,

Plate Wt

——————

Othia Gre.

Schisachyrium inclusum, Stent.

A.—Oue joint of raceme with sessile and pedicelled spikelets.

B.—Reduced pedicelled spikelet and pedicel.

SESSILE SPIKELER, C.—Lower elume. D.—Upper gitume. E.—Lower yalve. F.—Upper valve. G.—Grain.

74:

longa ; valva superior admodum biloba. segmentis linearibus obtusis minute ciliatis ; palea

desunt ; caryopsis linear, acuta, 3mm.longa. Spicula pedicellata gluma brevissima redacta,

mucrone 3-5 mm. longo.

Annual. Culms erect, simple, 75 cm. high, about 5-noded, glabrous, lower internodes

very short, terete, or sub-compressed. Leaf sheaths loose, keeled glabrous, smooth ;

hgues membranous. up to 0-75 mm. long, minutely fimbriate ; blades linear, slightly

constricted at the junction of the sheath, scaberulous on the margins, glabrous except for

a few long, white, tubercled based hairs at the base behind the ligule, 2-3 mm. broad,

6-10 cm. long, gradually tapering to an obtuse or sub-acute point, flat or folded, usually

turning reddish. False panicle long, narrow, and scanty. Spathes on sub-capillary

branches about 2 cm. long, slender scarious, rusty red towards the tips, up to 3-5 em. long

and 2 mm. broad folded, tipped with a minute undeveloped leaf. Racemes very slender

on short upward clavate peduncles, entirely included or only partially exserted from

the spathes, 2-5 cm. long and about 6-jointed, joints 3-5 mm. long, widening upwards,

somewhat concave, with a toothed cupuliform appendage 1 mm. long, shortly and sparsely

ciliate, otherwise glabrous. Pedicles as long as the joints, flattened, linear, 2-toothed at

apex, shortly and sparsely ciliolate on the margins. Sessile spikelets linear, laterally

compressed, convex on the back, 4 mm. long, be sarded callus 1 mm. long; glumes equal,

lower chartaceous with thinly membranous margins, rounded on the back, 2-keeled and

scaberulous towards the 2-toothed tip, sparsely ciliate on the margins, intra-carinal nerves

4-5; wpper boat-shaped, acute, 1-nerved, nerve extending into a short mucro, thinly

chartaceous in the lower part becoming thinly membranous to almost hyaline upwards ;

lower floret reduced to a linear oblong, hyaline, nerveless valve 2-3-3 mm. long; upper

floret 8 , valve deeply bifid to below the middle, segments linear, obtuse, minutely ciliolate,

pale wanting, grain linear, acute, 3 mm. long. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to one very

te) tS)

small glume, terminating in a mucro 3:5 mm. long.

Enterprise, Rhodesia, Hyles 1646.

This species is founded on one specimen sent by Mr. Eyles. The specimen is a good

one and quite complete, but it is obvious that more material of the same species might

show trifling variations in measurements, etc., and possibly the culms may be branched.

Enneapogon pretoriensis, Stent. (PI. !II.)

Gramen perenne. Culmi erecti, simplices, 30-60 cm. longi, glabri vel internodi

inferiores hirsuti. Foliorwm vaginae supra arctae, glabrae; laminae anguste, lineares,

plerumque convolutae, 18 cm. longae. 2-5 mm. latae. Panicula angusta, ovata; rami

solitarii longiores ad 15 mm. longi, internodi rachis inferiores ad 14 mm. longi, superiores

deminuenti. Spiculae 5 mm. longae ; glumae equales vel subequales, breve pllosae,

apicibus truncatis fulvis ; valvae inferiorae dorsis vilosae, ventris glabrae, sed, lobis basin

filis patentibus fimbriatae ; aristae plimosae, 3-3-5 mm. longae ; palae 4 mm. longae,

hirsutae.

Perennial. Culms fascicled on a short oblique rhizome, erect, simple, wiry and slender,

30-60 cm. high, glabrous or often shortly hairy at and below the lower nodes, 1—2-noded.

Sheaths tight except the basal ones. glabrous, finely tibbed ; blades narrow, linear, convolute

or flat, finely pubescent above, up to 18 cm. long % 2:5mm. broad, finely ribbed, with

1-2 lateral nerves on either side the midrib. Panicle contracted, ovate ; branches scattered,

lower about 14 mm. apart, upper increasingly nearer to each other. Sprkelets crowded,

sessile or shortly pedicelled, about 5 mm. long; glumes equal to subequal. shortly hairy,

sreyish, rust coloured at the truncate tips; lower rather broader and 7—9-nerved’; upper

narrow, D-nerved, nerves mostly evanescent above ; lower valve 1 line long (excluding

awns), villous on back from base to near the middle, glabrous on inner surface except

for ring of patent hairs at base of awns ; awns plumose to beyond middle, 3-3-5 mm. long,

subequal, tips bare and scabrid ; pale 4 mm. long, NOM) and sparsely hairy on the back,

villous on the flaps, and ciliolate on the keel; anthers 2 mm. long.

Plate TTI.

Enneapogon Pretoriensis, Stent.

A.—Spikelet. B.—Lower glume. C.—Upper glume. D—Valve. i}.—Pale.

F.— Pistil and stamens with lodicules.

176

Pretoria, Wonderboom, Burtt-Davy 8905: northern slopes of Magaliesberg, Fouché 1.

(Of little economic value.)

Near to &. scoparius, from which it differs chiefly in the laxer and more distantly

branched panicle and broader leaves.

Eragrostis Burttdavii, Stent.

Gramen perenne, dense caespitosum, rhizomate repente pluribus dense~ confertis

brevibus innovationibus. Culm: geniculati, 8-L0 em. longi, glabri, 1-2 nodi. internodia

exserta. Foliorum vaginae glabrae, tenuiter sulcatae, inferior laxae, breves, latae.

Laminae glabrae, lineares, culmorum, 7 cm. longae, 2 mm. latae, innovationium angustiores

et breviores, planae vel convolutae, apicem versus flexuosae. Panicula ovata, ad 10 em.

longa, 7 cm. lata ; ram solitarii vel 2-nati, gracili, flexuosi ; ramulosi 2-4 spiculis. Spiculae

4 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, 6-9 florae ; glwma inferior 0-75 mm. longa, obtusa, superior

1-25 mm. longa, subobtusa ; valvae 1-5 mm. longae, obtusa, scaberalae, violaceae, apicibus

flavibus ; palea valvum aequans, truncata, marginibus late inflexis.

Perennial, densely caespitose, on a creeping rhizome with many densely crowded,

short innovation shoots. Culms geniculate, 840 em. high, glabrous. 1—-2-noded, internodes

exserted. Sheaths glabrous, finely ribbed, tight except the lower ones, which are broader,

stout and loose ; ligules a fringe of hairs. Leaf blades glabrous, linear, tapering to a fine

point, those of the culm 2 mm. x 7 em., those of the innovation shoots narrower and

shorter, finely ribbed, midrib scarcely broader than the lateral veins, flat or convolute

and flexuous in the upper part. Panicle ovate, up to 10 x 7 em.: branches solitary or

or 2-nate, undivided from 2-14 mm. above the base; rachis scaberulous or smooth,

flexnous ; branchlets 2-4 spikulate ; pedicels 2-4 mm. long. Spikelets linear, lanceolate,

about 4 < 2 mm., 6-9-flowered ; glumes unequal, lower 0-75 mm, long, obtusa, upper

1-25 mm. subobtuse ; valves 1-5 mm. long, obtuse, scaberulous, purple, with ight yellowish

tips ; side nerves fine, extending to beyond the middle ; pale equalling the valve, truncate,

scaberulous, flaps broad ; anthers 3, up to 1 mm. long.

Very near to L. bicolor, Nees; but with a shorter and, in comparison, broader panicle

and rather broader spikelets.

Bloemhof, Transvaal, Burtt-Davy 10506; Great Karasberg, Pearson in Bolus Herb. 8480.

Eragrostis Galpinii, Stent. (PI. IV.)

Gramen perenne. Culm fasciculati, rhizomate repente, erecti, vel geniculato-

ascendentes, glabri, ad 90 em. longi, pluri nodi, nodi inferiores brevi; culmorum bases

et rhizomata cataphylliibus brevibus et scariosibus obtecta. Foliorwm vaginae laxae,

striatae, inferlores carinatae et compressae ; laminae angustae, lineares, ad 15 cm. longae,

5mm. latae, apicibus aneustis abtusis, planae, vel complicatae, rigidae, glabrae. Panicula

late oblonga vel pyramidalia, patula, laxa ad 20 em. lata, 20 em. longa; rami solitarn,

inferiores distantes ramulos 1-3 cm. e basi gerentes. Spiculae fere secundae ad 23 mm.

longae, 2-5 mm. latae, circa 10-30 florae ; rhachilla flexuosa, primo persistente : glumae

subequales, inferiores 1-5 mm., superiores, 2mm. longae, minute asperulae; valvae purpureae,

subacutae, omnino minute scabridae ; palea acute. hyalina inter carinas rigide-ciliatas ;

styl distineti: Jodicul truncati; antherae 1-3 mm. longae.

Perennial. Culms fascicled on a creeping vhizome, erect or geniculate-ascending,

simple or branched, glabrous, slender, up to 3 feet high, many-noded, internodes included,

or shortly exserted, or the upper most sometimes long ex xsetted, lower short ; bases of

culms and rhizomes covered with short, scarious scales. Sheaths loose, striate, the lower

ones sub-compressed and keeled, glabrous except at the often long-bearded mouth ; ligule

a ciliate membranous rim ; blades narrow, linear, up to 5 mm. broad < 15 em. long. tapering

to a narrow, rounded point, flat or folded, rather firm, glabrous, smooth below except

towards the tips, finely scaberulous above. Panicle broadly oblong or pyramidal, spreading,

lax up to 20 em. broad x 20 em. Jong, branches solitary, lower ones rather distant, spreading,

Plale 1V,

Bragrostis Galpinii, Stent.

A.—Branchlet showing flexous persistent rhachillae. B.—Spikelet. C.—Lower glume.

Valve. F.—Pale. G.—Pistil and stamens with lodicules. H.—Grain.

D.—Upper glume. HE.

178

unbranched for from 1-3 cm. from the base, up to 11 em. long; branchlets spreading, the

lowest pair of the lowest branches usually close together sub 2-nate, the upper ones gradually

shorter and solitary, less divided and with fewer spikelets and often secund and scabrid ;

quite glabrous, without or with few hairs in the axils. Spikelets linear, up to

23 mm. long x 2-5 mm. wide, and 10-30-flowered, rachilla at first persistent ; glumes

subequal, lower 1-5 mm. Jong, upper 2 mm. long, 1-nerved, minutely scabrid on nerve ;

valves over 2 mm., purplish, sub-acute, 3-nerved, side nerves long, minutely scabrid all

over; pale acute ; rigidly ciliate on the keels, scabrid, nearly equalling the valve, hyaline

between the rigidly ciliate keels ; ovary oval; style distinct ; lodicules truncate. Stamens 3 ;

anthers 1-3 mm. long; grain ovoid, rounded ; embryo small.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin 456; Warmbaths, Burtt-Davy 1149 ;

near Nylstroom, Burtt-Davy 2034; Letaba River, Zoutpansberg, Junod, Govt. Herb., 4673.

Near to E. gangetica, from which it differs in the widely spreading panicle, longer

branchlets, and fewer spikelets.

Tristachya pedicellata, Stent.

Gramen perenne, caespitosum, rhizomate obliquo. Culmi validi, ad 120 cm. longi,

glabri, laeves, 1-3 nodi. Foliorum vaginae aliquantum arctae, striatae, glabrae, sed

inferiores villosulae ; laminae lineares, planae, 15-23 cm. longae, 6-8 mm. latae, glabrae,

rigidae, supra asperulae, infra laeves. Panicula contracta, nodi inferiores pilosi; ram:

ad 5 em. longi, saepe multo minus, superiores saepe nihilo redacti. Glwma, inferior, rigide,

3-nervosa, 13 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, glabra, laeves, ovata, subacuta; superior, 24 mm. longa,

4-5 mm. lata, apice obtusa. Valva inferior, 7-nerva, 20 mm. longa, glabra, obtusa, laevis ;

antherae 8 min. longae ; lodiculae 1-3 mm. longae, 0-8 mm. latae ; palea brevior. Valva

superior, ad 12 mm. longa, 7-9 nerva, mucrones 2 loborum lateralium breves ; arista media

valida, ad 6-5 cm. longa; palea apice acute.

Compactly caespitose on oblique rhizoms. Culms stout, up to 120 cm., glabrous,

smooth, 1—3-noded, internodes exserted. Leaf sheaths somewhat tight, finely ribbed and

glabrous, except the lowest, which are Joose and finely and appressedly hairy between the

ribs ; blades linear, tapering to an acute point, 15-23 cm. long x 6-8 mm. wide, glabrous,

rigid, flat. scabrid above and on the cartilaginous margins, smooth below. Panicle con-

tracted, scanty; rachis smooth, with oblique, membranous and hairy scales around the

lower nodes ; branches up to 5 cm. long, often much shorter, the upper so much reduced

that the triplets of spikelets appear to be sessile on the rachis. Pedicels distinct, 2-4 mm.

long. Lower glume strongly 3- sub 5-nerved, with a few irregular, oblique, transverse

veins, 13 mm. long x 4 mm. wide (flattened out), glabrous, smooth, ovate, subacute ;

upper 3-nerved, 24 mm. long x 4:5 mm. wide (flattened), narrowing to an obtuse apex,

a few irregulir oblique veins connecting the nerves in the upper part, glabrous and smooth.

T ower valve i-nerved, 3 nerves percurrent, 20 mm. long, glabrous, smooth, obtuse ; anthers

8mm. long; Jodiculs 1-3 mm. long x 0-8 mm. broad; palea 14 mm. long, with scabrid

keels and bifi| tips, lobes acute. Upper floret 12mm. long, with long-bearded callus 4 mm. ;

valve 12 mm long, 7- sub 9-nerved in the upper part, hairy, bifid, awned from between

the lobes; awn 6:5 em.; lobes including short mucro 4 mm.; palea with acute scabrid keels,

very narrow between the keels, 9 mm. long; stamens 3; style distinct ; ovary trigonous ;

lodicules lanceolate, 2 nm. long; caryops long, narrow. cylindrical, up to 7 mm. long,

erooved on the face ; embryo 2 mm. long.

Near to Tristachya rehmanni, from which it ditters chiefly in the pedicelled spikelets,

the short bristles of the upper valve and in the broader leaves.

Waterbery. (Transvaal): Warmbaths, Natwnal Herbarium, Buwitt-Davy 1144;

Naboomspruit, Galpin 428,

er OONGWS sO ECONOMIC” IMPORTANCE

ON, DEE UAVOCAD®

(Persea Americana).

By HE. M. Doiper.

CompaRaTIVELY little is known about the fungous diseases to which the Avocado is subject.

In Florida it is said to suffer from certain leaf and fruit spot diseases caused by a

Colletotrichum sp., and the young growth is attacked by a scab fungus said to be identical

with Cladosporium citrz, but none of these fungi is recorded as attacking the twigs and larger

limbs.

During 1921 it was reported from Louis Trichardt that certain Avocado trees were in

a very bad state, and that spraying with bordeaux mixture had proved quite ineffectual.

The twigs which were sent for examination were covered with minute pustules, the fruiting

bodies of an ascomycete, and as none of the diseased wood had been excised previous to

spraying it was not surprising that the inroads of the fungus had not been checked. As a

consequence the trees had become so badly cankered that it was impossible to remove all

the diseased bark without seriously affecting the vitality of the trees, and at this stage

it was impossible to arrest the progress of the malady.

SYMPTOMS.

The effect of the fungus on the twigs and limbs of the Avocado is very similar to that

produced by Physalospora cydoniae on the limbs and twigs of apple trees.

In the earlier stages of infection the bark becomes sunken and discoloured; the

diseased area increases in size, and gradually girdle the twig or branch, so causing the

death of the terminal portion. Branches, 2-3 inches in diameter, are killed in this way.

and extensive cankers are produced on the larger limbs and the trunk. The bark of the

cankered areas is dark-coloured and sunken, the boundary between the healthy and diseased

tissue being marked by a raised, reddish-brown line. As the bark is destroyed it dries

out and cracks horizontally, eventually falling away from the wood, which has become dead

and discoloured. Numerous fruiting pustules of the pathogen may be observed scattered

over the diseased areas of the bark.

The fruits on the diseased trees are affected, showing a corky growth at the lower

end, which may possibly be due to the same fungus (but this fact has not been established,

as it was not possible to obtain trees in bearing for inoculation purposes). The affected

area 1s irregular in form and varies in size. On fruits examined it was roughly 10 x 5 cm.

and 4 x 5em. The surface is very much roughened, verona brown (Ridgway) in colour,

and deeply cracked, after the fashion of tortoise-shell.

This affection of the fruit is apparently identical with one which occurs in Florida

and is mentioned in a paper by H. E. Stevens, published in the * Proceedings of the

Florida State Horticultural Society’ for 1918. His description is as follows: * Another

common type of injury frequently noted on the fruits is referred to as anthracnose by

some of the growers. This type of injury is very similar to melanose of citrus fruits in

general appearance. It is superficial, and appears in the form of dark reddish-brown, caked

masses on the surface of affected fruits. The markings are hard, compact. and the surface

is cracked or broken. The injury may cover only a part or the whole surface of the fruit.

It makes an unsightly fruit. but apparently does not affect the quality. The disease is

apparently caused by a fungus, perhaps a Gloeosporium or a closely related species.”

180

MorPHOLoGy.

Perithecra have been found on cankered areas of the twigs of the Avocado pear (Persea

Americina). Thev are usually scattered, standing separate from one another. Sometimes,

however, they occur in small groups of two to four, and occasionally they have been found

so closely crowded as to form a pseudo-stroma, but no true stroma has been observed.

They are buried in the cortical tissues, but at maturity the papillate ostiole breaks through

to the surface and protrudes slightly.

The form of a typical perithecium is shown in fig. 1, which is a camera-lucida drawing

from a medial longitudinal section. The form is subglobose or broadly ellipsoid, 180-190 pp

in the horizontal diameter and 100-120 yin the vertical diameter. The average dimensions

are about 170 4 x 100 yp.

Rtas

IRA ot N

Vi NS AN,

Section through a perithecium of Physalospora perseae.

The wall is differentiated into two layers: the thickness of the outer layer is variable

being thinner or almost absent at the base, and thickest at the sides near the base, where

if is 16-24 thick. The pseudo-cells are brown, polygonal, 4—5 4 in diameter, or somewhat

flattened. Within this there is an inner layer of delicate, colourless, compressed hyphae

of much more uniform thickness.

The papilla is usually central, but may be oblique: it is 80-100 yz long and 30-50 yin

diameter, and its walls show two distinct layers similar to those observed in the sides of the

perithecium ; the ostiole appears in section as a narrow passage between the walls of the

papilla. The asci interspersed with paraphyses fill the cavity of the perithecium, and

there are numerous thread-like periphyses lining the neck and the inside of the papilla.

181

The asci are abundant. usually clavate, sometimes tending to the cylindrical or curved,

80-100 » « 18-23 1, eight-spored ; they are slightly thickened round the apex, but no canal

or apical pore could be observed. The asci do not stain blue with iodine ; they disappear

rapidly at maturity, so that one rarely finds an entire ascus containing mature spores :

the wall of the ascus seems to break down as soon as the spores are mature.

The ascospores are more or less distichous, hyaline, ellipsoid or subfusoid, tapering

abruptly at each end to a blunt apex, 20-21 4 x 8-10. There are two to three large

oil drops in each spore which stain pink with Guéguen’s triple stain, the rest of the spore

stains a deep blue.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Section through two pyenidia.

Pycnidia ave found on some of the stem cankers in the place of perithecia or are

interspersed with them. The pycnidia are single or in small groups: some are spherical or

sub-spherical with a distinct papilla, that is to say, they are similar to the perithecia ;

others are conical, spherical or elongated, without a papilla (fig. 3). They are formed

under the epidermis or in the cortical tissues, and are erumpent at maturity. The horizontal

diameter is 120-130 y. vertically they measure 70-187 yw, and there is a double wall, the

two layers being similar to those described in the perithecia. From the inner wall arises

1&2

the spore-bearing layer, which occupies almost all the space not taken.up by the ostiole-

The cells lining the cavity arch inward, and elongate to form a stalk, from the tip of which

the pycnospore is abstricted.

The pyenospores are ellipsoid and colourless, and do not turn brown at any time ;

they are 18-20 » x 5-6 in dimensions.

Physalospora Perseae, nov. sp.

Peritheciis sparsis v. gregarus, tectis, ostiolo papillato erampente, atris, ellipsoideis

v. subglobosis, 130-190 x 100-120 w; ascis clavatis, paraphysatis, 80-100 » x 18-23 p,

octosporis : paraphysibus filiformibus, namerosis, hyalinis: sporidiis distichis, continuis,

hyalinis, ellipsoideis v. subfusiformis utrinque obtusis, 20-21 « x 8-10 4. Pyenidiis sab-

globosis v. ellipsoides, 120-130 » x 70-187 «; sporulis hyalinis ellipsoideis, 18-20 « x 5-6 ps.

Hab. in foltis Perseae americanae, Louis Trichardt, Transvaal, 25.4.21, leg.

J. H. Cronwright.

When the spores have been discharged from the pycnidia or perithecia, one frequently

finds the cavity occupied by another fungus, which is probably a saprophyte or secondary

parasite. This organism produces spherical pycnidia about 90 ~ in diameter, and filled

with small, narrow, ellipsoid, fuligimous, two-celled spores.

The Fungus in Culture.

The fungus was isolated a number of times from diseased twigs by plating (1) ascospores

and (2) pycnidia in agar, and (3) from the myceliam present in small pieces of diseased

wood. In each case the same fungus was obtained, and the cultural characters were

identical. It grows readily on most of the culture media in common use, but as the fruiting

bodies develop slowly it was found advisable to use conical flasks rather than petri dishes

for culture work, as the latter dried out too rapidly.

Cultures on prune agar, oatmeal agar, and maize-meal agar were kept in the green-

house in a bright diffused light. The mycelium is at first cottony, but after a few days

the submerged hyphae are green or blue-green for some time, after which the growth is

dark or nearly black. The outer ends of the aerial hyphae maintain their original cottony

appearance and become greyish in colour. Cultures in active growth often show distinct

zoning. Thus far the fungus Physalospora Perseae closely resembles in its cultural characters

Ph. Cydoniae, which is parasitic in apple twigs,* but the formation of pycnidia is very

different from that observed in cultures of the latter fungus.

The submerged hyphae, as seen by transmitted light, are olive-green or brownish in

colour, and are about 3 y thick; the aerial hyphae are more slender and hyaline. After

three or four weeks on oatmeal agar small bodies consisting of tangled masses of hyphae

appear on the surface of the culture; these increase in size until they form tussocks,

3-6 mm. in diameter and about 3 mm. in height; these are dark-coloured bodies, but

with a thin covering of the cottony aerial mycelium. After about six weeks the top of

those bodies becomes covered with hard, black pustules, from which seven to eight weeks

old cultures masses of conidia ooze out.

A cross-section through one of the sclerotial bodies first observed in a three weeks old

culture shows that it consists of tangled masses of hyphae similar in form to the submerged

hyphae of the ordinary mycelium. Later there is a differentiation with a sterile base,

consisting of interlaced dark-coloured hyphae, brown or olive-green, by transmitted light,

and an upper portion of more closely woven, lighter-coloured hyphae in which ‘a number

of cavities are developed. These are irregularly arranged in one or more layers, ellipsoid

or flask-shaped—usually papillate, 250-320 4 x 130-200 4. The inside of the cavity

is lined with a layer of compressed hyaline hyphae, which eventaally arch inwards and form

the conidiophores. The tip of the conidiophore swells up and the mature conidium is cat off.

“ Hesler, L. R.: Black Rot, Lea’ Spot, and Canker of Pomaceous Fruits. Cornell; Univ.! Agric.

Exp. Sta. Bull. 379. Aug. 1916.

185

On maize-meal agar and prune agar slight differences are observed. On maize-meal

agar the pyenidial cushions are up to 8 mm. in diameter; on prune agar the form is

somewhat different, the pyenidial cushions are columnar, 5—6 mm. high and 3—5 mm. thick.

They have a sterile base, which is usually rather smaller in diameter than the rounded

head in which the pyenidial cavities are found.

Sugar agar appears to be an ansuitable medium ; there is no aerial mycelium, and only

a few small sterile sclerotia are formed. Potato agar is also an unfavourable mediam.

On solution N. agar only a few small sub-spherical cushions are formed, which are 2-3 min.

in diameter, and show some internal differentiation, but none were observed in which

mature pycnidial chambers were formed.

The masses of conidia oozing out of the pycnidia are pale orange-yellow (Ridgway).

Individual conidia are hyaline, thin-walled, with granular contents, and containing a few oil

drops. The ony are ellipsoid in form, a few are sub-fusoid or sub-pyriform ; they

vary from 16-5-23-5 in length and from 6-7-5 » in breadth, the greater number measuring

18-20 p X 6°5-6-T py.

Fig. 4.

Germinating conidia after 6 hours at 25° C. in hanging drop.

A number of hanging drop cultures in Ward tubes, each containing a small number

of conidia, were put into an incubator at 25°C. After six hours a considerable number had

ger minated (fig. 4). The form and character of the spore remained unchanged, and a single

germ tube, 2-5-3 y thick, colourless and non-septate, had been produced at or near one pole.

After twenty-four hours possibly 20 per cent. of the conidia remained unchanged and

had not germinated. The remainder had lost their granular appearance and had “become

slightly ronda and more broadly rounded at the “ondls, the majority being 6-7-7-5 pu

broad. They were still quite hyaline, but had become septate: most commonly with

2-transverse septa, but a few were l-septate, and there was an occasional one which was

3-septate. Those which were germinating had, with a few exceptions, produced two

germ tubes, one from each terminal cell (fig. 5).

The conidia, which had germinated in six hours, had developed considerably, and had

produced elongated hyphae which were septate and branched.

184

After forty-two hours there was no further change, except in the increased leneth of the

germ tubes and the increased number of spores with two and three septations. At no time

Was any suggestion of a change of colour observable in the conidia.

The ascus stage was not found in culture, but, as stated elsewhere, its connection

with the conidial stage has been traced.

Inoculation Experiments.

Several seedling Avocados in the greenhouse were inoculated with conidia from cultures

on oatmeal agar and with pieces of mycelium. In each case a small incision was made in

the bark, the infective material inserted, and the branch at the point of inoculation was

kept moist for about forty-eight hours.

Fig. 5.

Conidia after 24 hours at 25° C.

The plants which were inoculated with conidia soon showed signs of infection. The

tissues around the incision became discoloured and sunken; in some cases the affected

area slowly increased in size for a few weeks until it was about 1 cm. in diameter, and then

its progress was arrested. Two trees became completely girdled, the whole stem was

invaded and killed, and after six months typical conidia were produced. The pyenidia

and conidia on these artificially infected trees were identical with those found on twigs

in the orchard.

PatTaoLocicaL HisTroLoey.

The fungus appears to be a wound parasite. In the cortical tissues of infected twigs

there is a rather coarse brownish mycelium about 3-5 thick. The cell walls are discoloured,

but there is no very prominent deposit in any of the cells. At certain spots there are masses

of densely woven hyphae in the epidermal and hypodermal cells, which rupture the cuticle,

1s5

Section through twig 6 months after innoculation, showing mycelium in cells of cortex.

Fig. 7.

Section through xylem region of same twig, showing mycelium confined to cells of medullary rays.

186

and are the early stages in the development of the pyenidia and perithecia. The mycelium

is intracellular, it penetrates through the cortical cells to the cambium, and invades the

xylem region, where it is apparently confined to the cells of the medullary rays. In a large

number of sections examined no hyphae were observed in the xylem vessels.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES.

In its early stages the disease could probably be arrested by surgical methods and

MEALS eae Peake YRS

spraying with bordeaux mixture. As in dealing with other cankers all diseased twigs should

be removed, cankers on larger limbs excised, and all wounds painted with some disinfectant

2 5 5 Tae : O 5

and protective substance. In its later stages it is difficult and almost impossible to arrest

the progress of the disease.

SPECIES OF JEILIIZIBUNN ORIRIGIZA JON dies,

SOUTH AFRICAN HERBARIA.

By, Ee Py Pairips; MeAS DiSer, AIS:

The genus Hlephantorrhiza is a small genus belonging to the Leguminosae, and was

founded by Bentham in 1842 on the common Transvaal plant, H. Burchellii. Four years

later he described another species also from the Transvaal, #. Burke. Since then Schinz

and Harms each described a species found in South Africa, and two years ago Mr. Burtt-Davy

described a species from the Transvaal. An examination of the material in the South

African Herbaria has brought to light two additional species which hitherto have been

confused with #. Burchelliv.

Two of the seven species found in South Africa have an acaulescent habit, viz.,

E. Burchellii and EB. obliqua.

The shape and venation of the pinnules differ in all the species, and afford a good

character whereby the species may be distinguished. The reader is referred to the

accompanying plate illustrating the pinnules of the seven species described.

Elephantorrhiza Burchell, commonly known as * Eland’s Boontjes,” is an extremely

common plant on the high veld in spring, and in many parts of the Transvaal is the

dominant species on veld which has been burnt. It is an acaulescent plant with enormous

roots, which extend to a considerable depth into the ground. Young plants have been

excavated by the writer with roots which penetrate to a depth of over 6 feet. The roots

of this species have been used for tanning, but other plants have now superseded it.

Mr. C. Howlett, of the Division of Botany, carried out a series of dyeing experiments with

a 30 per cent. solution of the roots. Wool was treated with a 1 per cent. of the following

mordants, and gave the following results (the colours mentioned are those of Ridgway’s

Colour Standards and Nomenclature) :—

1. Ammonium molybdate........... Orange rufous. (Plate II.)

2. Ammonium vanadate............ Plumbeous black. (Plate LIT.)

SChromiummchloriderey.o- 4c ae Naphthalene yellow. (Plate XVI.)

AP erropfisesulphatesse 144 ereae Quaker drab. (Plate LI.)

HaeNickelysulphates-peurns cs ee eee ae Salmon colour. (Plate XIV.)

Ga Stannousmehloridennen= ar nencr Empire yellow. (Plate IV.)

ie Sodiumietunestate.s ates: Salmon colour. (Plate XLV.)

Cra ranitmimemnitratbenemi eee ae erece Rufous. (Plate XIV.)

OeeZinessulphaters-rscr eos oe eee Salmon colour. (Plate XIV.)

10; Cobalt acetate: 3.22502. 8 oe: Bittersweet pink. (Plate IT.)

The above colours are, however, not permanent, and since these experiments were

conducted some three years ago some of the colours in the samples of wool have changed.

The seeds of this species show an interesting and uncommon type of germination,

which has been described by Miss J. Hofmeyr in the “ South African Journal of Natural

History,” Vol. III, No. 1.

The writer is indebted to the Curators of the various Herbaria for lending him the

material in their respective collections, and to Mr. J. Hutchinson, F.LS., of the Kew

Herbarium, for comparing some of the specimens with material in the Kew and British

Museum Herbaria.

ISS

Plate V.

Fig. 4,

Del. Steila Gower.

Fig. 1.—2# obliqua, Beuth., Vavy, var Glabra, Poill.

Fig. 2.—F£. Burchellii, Benth. Big. 3.—L. pubescens. Phill.

Rig. 4.—H. Burkei, Benth. Fie. 5.—2. rangeri Phill.

Big. 6.—#, Woodii, Phill. Rie. 7.—L. suffruticosa, Schinz.

189

KEY TO SPECIES.

Acaulescent plants with leaves and inflorescence arising from large and

thickened root-stocks.

Pinnules ovate, prominently oblique at the base................ 1. obliqua.

Pinnules linear, not or scarcely oblique at the base............ 2. Burchellit.

Shrubs or small trees with a distinct aerial stem.

Branches pubescent.

Inflorescence about | cm. in diameter; calyx lobes acute, as long

assubes hube ms pinmmless cla brousteriterireire erties eieteieiicle Woodii var. pubescens

Inflorescence about 7 mm. in diameter; calyx lobes obtuse, half

as long as the tube; pinnules pubescent.................. 3. pubescens.

Branches glabrous.

Midrib more or less in the middle of the pinnule ; pinnules equal at

HOO OER Ciois Gis otiaaa eid econ DROSS DO IEECTO moto S DOOD oAt 4. Burkei.

Midrib approaching one margin of the pinnule ; pinnules oblique

or manifestly unequal at the base.

Pinnules with a distinct lateral vein from the base and

parallel iewathe ches ar ouner erent tle trierer rier tr 5, Rangeri.

Pinnules with a midrib only.

Leaves 5-10-jugate ; branches fluted.............. 6. Woodiv.

Leaves about 20-jugate: branches not futed...... 7. suljruticosa.

1. E. obliqua, Burtt-Davy, in ~ Kew Bulletin ” (1920).

An acaulescent plant. Stem pubescent. Leaves bipinnate, 9-20 cm. long, 4-6 jugate ;

petiole and rachis pubescent ; pinnae 3-8 cm. long; pinnules 0-6—-1-5 cm. long, 2-6 mm.

broad, ovate, very distinctly mucronate at the apex, very unequal at the base, glabrous,

with the midrib prominent beneath, approaching one margin of the pinnule and excurrent

into the mucro; lateral veins faint. Jnflorescence axillary, 4-6 mm. long, cylindric.

Flowers pedicelled. Pedicels about 1 mm. long, glabrous, articulated at the middle.

Calyx-tube 0-75-1-5 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous ; lobes 0-5 mm. long or less, ovate,

obtuse, or subacute (sometimes one lobe minutely apiculate). Petals sometimes slightly

connate at the base, 3-5-4 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, oblong-lnear, cucullate, and with an

inflexed mucro at the apex, glabrous. Filaments connate at the base, 6 mm. long, linear.

glabrous ; anthers | mm. long, elliptic, with a caducous stalked gland at the apex. Ovary

sessile, 5 5 mm. long, linear in outline, glabrous ; style 7 mm. long, “cylindric ; stigma simple.

opening by an apical pore. Fruit not seen

TRANSVAAL.—Wakkerstroom District: Volksrust. Jenkins in Herb. Transvaal Mus.

9296.

Var. glabra, Phillips (Pl. V, fig. 1; Pl. VI).

Differs from the type in being perfectly glabrous and in the veining of the pinnules

being very distinct.

TrRANSVAAL.—Middelburg District: Middelburg, Jenkins in Herb. Transvaal Mus.

9128; Botsabelo, Hiselen in National Herb. 1229.

2. E. Burchellii, Bth.,in Hook. “Journ. Bot.,” IV (1842) 344 (Pl. V, fig. 2; PI.VID.

An acaulescent plant. Stem glabrous. Leaves bipinnate, 5-5—22 cm. long, 5-13-jugate :

petiole and rachis glabrous ; pinnae 2-5—11 cm. long; pinnules 0-3-1 -4 cm. long, 0-25-2 mm.

broad, subulate, linear to linear- oblong, acute, slightly narrowed and equal at the base,

glabrous, with the midrib distinct and. approaching one margin of the leaf. Inflorescence

arising from the w oody portion of stem, also axillary, 4-11 mm. long, cylindric. Flowers

pedicelled. Pedicels 0-5-1-5 mm. long, usually articulated at the base, sometimes at the

middle. Calyx-tube 0-75-1-25 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous; lobes 0-5-1 mm. long,

ovate, acute or obtuse. Petals free or slightly connate at the base, 3-4 mm. long, 1 mm.

broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacute, sometimes cucullate at he apex,

glabrous. Filaments connate at the base, 5-5-6-5 mm. long, linear, glabrous: anthers

0-75-1 mm. long, suborbicular or elliptic, with a caducous stalked gland at the apex.

Ovary sessile, 3 mm. long, linear in outline. glabrous; style 4-5 mm. long, cylindric ;

stigma simple, opening by a terminal pore. Fruit 8-20-5 cm. long, 2:6-3-8 cm. broad ;

valves flat or convex.—Harv. in “ Fl. Cap.,” IT, 277.

190

Soutn Arrica.— Without precise locality, Mis. Barber 55; Zeyher 127.

Care PRovINCE.—Queenstown District: Zwatkei, December, H. & Z. 1693; near

Mission Station at Shiloh, 2000 ft., December, Baur 379, and in Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric.

964; plains round Queenstown, 3600 ft., October, Galpin 1917. Kimberley District :

Kimberley, Marloth 852.

BasutToLtanp.—Leribe District: Near Mission Station at Leribe, Mrs. Dieterlen 46,

and in Herb. Musei Austro-Afric. 7256.

ORANGE Free State.—Ladybrand District : Ladybrand, November, Rogers in Herb.

Transvaal Mus. 5057; between Senekal and Bethlehem, c. 5000 ft., December, Flanagan

1903. Harrismith District: Bester’s Vlei, near Harrismith, 5500 ft., December, Bolus

8157. Bethlehem District: Bethlehem, Phillips 3186. Bloemfontein District: P.O.

De Burg, Bloemfontein, February, Cyrus in Govt. Herb. 8794. Thabanchu District :

Caledon and Vaal Rivers, December, Zeyher ; Pniel, Vaal River, 4000-5000 ft., November,

Bolus 2075.

TRANSVAAL.—Potchefstroom District: Potchefstroom, May, Burtt-Davy in Govt.

Herb. 52. Heidelberg District: Vereeniging, September, Leslie in Herb. Transvaal Mus.

5673; Heidelberg, November, Miss Leendertz in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8094. Bloemhot

District : ~ Kaffraria,” Christiana, March, Native Aaron in Govt. Herb. 14432. Marico

District : Zeerust, January, Miss Leendertz in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 11433. Witwatersrand

District : Jeppestown Ridge, Johannesburg, c. 6000 ft., October, Gilfillan 44a, and in

Herb. Galpin 6006; Florida, near Johannesburg, December, Mrs. Hutton 621. Pretoria

District : Groenkloof, near Pretoria, Phillips 3051; Pretoria Kopjes, October, Miss

Leendertz 341, and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8428, and in Herb. Austro-Afric. 1077, October,

Burti-Davy 2294; Gezina, near Pretoria, November, Miss Leendertz 434, and in Herb.

Transvaal Mus. 8429. Rustenburg District: Rustenburg, 4500 ft., Miss Nation 225 ;

Beestkraal, December, Jenkins in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 6963. Waterberg District :

Near Nylstroom, November, Burtt-Davy 2017; Springbok Flats, 3000 ft., October,

Burtt-Davy in Govt. Herb. 7066; Pietpotgietersrust, October, Miss Leendertz in Herb.

Transvaal Mus. 7383 ; Moorddrift, October, Miss Leendertz in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 7364.

Wakkerstroom District: Mooifontein, 5500 ft., October, Schlechter 3567, and in Herb.

Transvaal Mus. 5399. Barberton District: Hillsides at Barberton, 2300-2800 ft.,

September-October, Galpin 562; Barberton, November, Wiss Williams in Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 7637, 3000 ft., December, Thorncroft, 666, and in Natal Herb. 15089.

SwAzILAND.—-Without precise locality, Miss Stewart in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8857.

Batlapin County : Without precise locality, Nelson in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 11740.

Kavauarr.—Without precise locality, Schinz. 276. Vryburg District: Armoed’s

Vlakte, November, Burtt-Davy in Govt. Herb. 10963.

Narau.—Mount Moreland, 500 ft., May, Wood 2607: Nonoti, 100-200 ft., October,

Natal Herb. 14202.

3. E. pubescens, Phillips, sp. nov. (Pl. V. fig. 3).

Rani pubescentes. Folia 2-10-jugate; foliola 5-8:5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata,

oblongo-linearia, apice mucronata, basi obliqua, pubescentia. Inflorescentia 7 cm. longa,

7 mm. lata, cylindrica. Pedicellus 0-5 mm. longus, glaber. Tubus calyci 0-5 mm. longus,

campanulatus ; lobi 0:25 mm. longi, ovati, apice obtusi.

Ruopesia.—Six miles below Kafue Bridge, Rogers 8659.

Branches striate, pubescent. Leaves bipinnate, 4-17 em. long, 2-10-jugate ; petiole

and rachis pubescent ; pinnae 5—7 em. long; pimnules 5-8-5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad,

oblong-linear, shortly mucronate, unequal at the base, pubescent more especially on the

under surface, with the midrib distinct and approaching one margin of the pinnule.

Inflorescence axillary, 7 em. long, about 7 mm. in diameter, narrowly cylindric. Flowers

191]

Plate VI.

Hlephantorrhiza obliqua, Burtt-Davy,

var. glabra, Phillips.

Photo | p72. P. Phillips.

Field of Hlephantorrhiza Burchellii, Benth., at

Groenkloof. near Pretoria.

192

pedicelled. Pedicels 0-5 mm. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube 0-5 mm. long, commpenttlates,

glabrous ; lobes 0-25 mm. long, ovate, obtuse, not ribbed. Corolla, with a tube, 0-5 mm.

long; lobes 2 mm. long, 0-75 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse, slightly inflexed at ‘the apex.

Filaments connate at the base, 3-5 mm. long, linear, acute at the apex, glabrous; anthers

scarcely 0-5 mm. long, subglobose, with a minute caducoas gland at the apex. Ovary

shortly stalked, 1-5 mm. long, linear in outline, glabrous ; style 2 mm. long, cylindric ;

stigma simple.

This species is readily distinguished from the former by the pabescent pmnules and

the short, rounded calyx lobes, which are only half as long as the calyx-tube.

4. E. Burkei, Benth.. in Hook., ~ Journ. Bot.,” V (1846) 81 (Pl. V, fig. 4).

A branched shrub 3-5 ft. high, or small tree 8-10 ft. high. Stem and branches glabrous.

Leaves bipinnate, 7-23 cm. long, 4—6-jugate ; petiole and rachis glabrous ; pinnae 3-10 em.

long; pinnules 0-7-1-6 cm. Tong, 1-3 mm. broad, oblong or linear- oblong, obtuse, or

shortly and bluntly mucronate at the apex, sometimes emarginate, slightly narrowed and

equal at the base, with the midrib distinct beneath and situated in the middle of the pinnule.

Inflorescence axillary, 5-10 cm. long, cylindric. Flowers pedicelled ; pedicels 0-75-2 mm.

long, articulated at the middle, more rarely at the base. Calyx-tube 1-1-5 mm. long,

campanulate, glabrous ; lobes 0-5-1 mm. long, ovate, subacute or obtuse, usually (rarely

without) with very minute but ne projections in the sinuses or on the margins. of the

lobes. Petals 2-5-4 mm. long, 1:25-1-5 mm. broad, lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or

alot, cuctllate and inflexed at the apex, glabrous. Filaments connate at the base,

4-6-5 mm. long, linear, glabrous ; anthers 0-75-1 min. long, elliptic or almost quadrate

in outline, with a stalked caducous gland at the apex. Ovary sessile, 2-3 mm. long, linear

in outline, glabrous ; style 2-5-4 mm. long, cylindric ; stigma simple, Oe by a terminal

pore. Fruit T-21 cm. long, 2-8-3-5 cm. broad ; ( oi, JH, Capo,” ILE,

279; E. rubescens, Gibbs in ~ Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., XXX VI, ‘41 (1906).

Souta Arrica.—Without locality (probably Portuguese Hast Africa), Junod 435.

Transvaal.—Pretoria District : Kopjes about six miles east of Pretoria, Phillips 3040 ;

Wonderboom Poort, near Pretoria, October, Miss Leendertz 314, and in Herb. Transvaal

Mus. 8430; near the “ Wonderboom,” December, Burtt-Davy 2663, Miss Leendertz 433,

and in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 8431; Magaliesburg, October, Zeyher 560, 321. Waterberg

District: Warmbaths, January, Bolus 11862; Pietpotgietersrust, September- January,

Miss Leendertz in Herb. Transvaal Mus. 4757, 5581. Bechuanaland.—Mafekin g, Appleyard.

RuopestA.—South Rhodesia: Matlopo Hills, 4500 ft.. September, Rogers 5335,

Galpin 7081; Zambesi Gorge, 2900 ft., September, Galpin 7062.

5. E. Rangeri, Harms, in Enel., ~ Bot. Jabrb.,” XLIX, 420 (1913) (Pl. V, fig. 5).

A shrub 4 m.(?) high. Branches glabrous. Leaves bipinnate, 10-19 cm. long,

5 “Jugate ; petiole and rachis glabrous ; pinnae 3-6-5 cm. long; pinnules 4-9 mm. long

0:5-1:75 em. broad, linear- oblong, shortly and bluntly mucronate, somewhat aammowed

at the base and hardly unequal, with the midrib distinct approaching one margin, and a

lateral vein arising from the base and approaching the opposite margin, “glabrous.

Inflorescence axillary, 5-5-6-5 em. long, cylindric. Flowers pedicelled., Pedicels 0-75 mm.

long, articulated at the base. Calyx-tube 1 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous; lobes

0-5 mm. long, broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, glabrous. Filaments connate

at the base, 5 mm. long. linear, glabrous; anthers 0:75 mm. long, almost quadrate in

outline, with a caducous stalked gland at the apex. Ovary sessile, “2 mm. Jong, linear in

outline, glabrous; style 2-5 mm. long, cylindric ; stigma simple. opening by a terminal

pore. Fruit not seen.

Soura-West Arrica._-Hohearte (?), December, Dinter 2264, and in Herb. Muses.

Austro-Afric. 4485.

193

6. E. Woodii, Phillips, sp. nov. (PI. V, fig. 6.)

Rami glabri, striati. Folia 5-10-jugata ; foliola 2-5-4 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, oblongo-

linearia, apice acuta, mucronata, base obliqua, glabra. Inflorescentia 8-5-11 em. longa,

cylindrica. Tubus calyci 0:75-1:25 mm. longus, campanulatus, glaber ; lobi 0-25—5 mm.

longi, ovati, apice acuti.

Natat._-Weenen County: Pieters, near Colenso, 3000-4000 ft., Wood 7958, and in

Natal-Govt. Herb. 8768

Branches glabrous, fluted. Leaves bipinnate, 6-15 cm. long, 5-10-jugate ; petiole

and rachis glabrous; pinnae 1-8-6 cm. long; pinnules 2-5-4 mm. long, 1 mm. broad,

oblong- linear, acute, mucronate, very unequal-sided at the base, with the midrib indistinct

or evident and then approaching one margin of the leaf, glabrous. Inflorescence axillary,

8:5-11 em. long, cylindric. Flowers pedicelled. Pedicels 1-25-1-5 mm. long, articulated

at the base. Calyz- -tube 0:75-1:25 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous; lobes 0-25-5 mm.

long, ovate, acute. Petals slightly connate at the base, 3-5-4-5 mm. long, 1-25 mm. broad,

laraceolinre. acute. Filaments connate at the base, 3-5-5 mm. long. cylindric, glabrous ;

anthers 1 mm. long, elliptic, with a caducous stalked gland at the apex.. Ovary sessile,

2-5 mm. long, linear in outline ; style 4-5-5-5 mm. long. cylindric, glabrous ; stigma simple,

opening by a terminal pore. Frwit (only one seen), 9 cm. long, 3° 2 om. broad, subfaleate ;

valves flat.

Var. pubescens, Phillips.

Rami pubescentes.

Nataut.—Near Little Tugela, Wood 2867.

This differs from the species in the pubescent branches and in being sparsely pubescent

on the petiole and rachis. The calyx-lobes have a distinct rib and are membranous between

the ribs. The variety and the species require further examination when further material

comes to hand, as it is probable that the former may be raised to specific rank.

E. suffruticosa, Schinz., in “Mem. Herb. Boiss.,” No. 1, 117 (Pl. V, fig. 7).

A bush 2-4 m. high. Branches smooth, glabrous, with dark bark. Leaves bipinnate>

16-24 cm. long, about 20- -jJugate ; petiole and rachis glabrous ; pinnae 2-7 mm. long >

pimnules 3-5-5 mm. broad, linear, acute or subacute, manifestly unequal- sided at the base,

with a distinct midrib approaching one margin of the pinnule, glabrous. Inflorescence

up to 10 em. long, cylindric. Flowers pedicelled. Pedicels 0:25-0:75 mm. long, articulated

at the base or apex. Calyz-tube 1 mm. long, campanulate, glabrous ; lobes 0-5 mm. long,

ovate, obtuse. Petals 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, lanceolate, acute or subacute. Filaments

connate at the base, 5 mm. long, cylindric, glabrous ; anthers 0-75-1 mm. long, elliptic,

with a stalked caducous gland at the apex. Ovary sessile, 2-5 mm. long, linear in outline,

glabrous ; style 2-5-3-5 mm. long, ee glabrous ; stigma simple opening by an

apical gland. Frvit 8-26 cm. long, 1-7-2-5 em. broad, linear, very rarely oblong, valves

flat.

Ruopes1a.—Umtali District : Odanzi River Valley. Teague 291.

Souta-West Arrica.—Okahandja, 1300 m., November, Dinter 314, February,

Dinter, 2781 ; Bull’s Mouth Pass on steep slopes, bush 10-15 ft. high, December , Pearson

in Percy Sladen Memorial Exped. 8919, and in Herb. Muser Austro- -Afric. 11972 Awas

Mountains, Pass between Haris and Aub, January, Pearson in Percy Sladen Memorial

Exped. 9658.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

SouTH AFRICAN ASCOMYCETES IN THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Lae iO

SouTH AFRICAN GRAMINEAE .... Bs ae Lee ares ven soo | DE

INDEX TO VOLUME I me See ae ee ae Aes OD)

AMR i WE Tse

Se RE *

eek ols

eh hk

a08

SOUWE APRICAING INS COM MACIZ INES

IN THE

NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

By Eruei M. Doiper.

(PaaS JOU

A LARGE proportion of the fungi described in this paper were collected recently in the

George, Knysna, and Humansdorp Districts, where the forests appear to be very rich

in species. For assistance in the determination of the host plants I have to thank

Mr. Phillips, the Forest Research Officer at Deepwalls, Knysna, and Mr. Fourcade, as

well as the members of the staff of the National Herbarium.

The recent monograph by Fitzpatrick on the Coryneliaceae rendered necessary a

revision of the fungi of this group, and all the South African collections in the Herbarium

have been examined and the nomenclature revised accordingly.

I am indebted to Dr. Sydow for the determination of a number of Phyllachoras on

grasses and for descriptions of a number of new species, and to Dr. Butler, of the Imperial

Bureau of Mycology, for a number of references in literature not obtainable locally.

86. Hysterographium Fraxini (Pers), De Not., var. Oleastri. Desm.

Syll. Fung. II, p. 776.

On twigs of Olea verrucosa, Wellington, Cape Province, November, 1910, Doidge [990].

Perithecia scattered on entirely or partially decorticated twigs, superficial, straight,

or occasionally slightly curved, ellipsoid, hard, black, rounded at the ends, 0-75-1-5 mm.

long, 0-5-O-7 mm. broad; longitudinal fissure smooth, with swollen inflexed lips; asci

clavate, rounded at the apex, briefly pedicellate, 170-210 x 34-45 uy, eight-spored,

paraphysate; paraphyses filiform, flexuous; spores distichous, ellipsoid-oblong, very

slightly constricted at the medial septum, muriform with 7—9 transverse and 2-3 longitudinal

septa, fuscous, 34-36 x 16-18 u.

87. Hysterographium spinicolum, sp. noy.

On thorns of Acacia spirocarpoides, Weenen, Natal, 30.7.12 [2542].

Perithecia scattered, oriented with their length parallel with the long axis of the thorn,

hnear, 0-5-1-5 mm. long, 0-3-0-4 mm. broad, acutely rounded at both ends, black,

carbonaceous, lips at first closely connivent, finally open in the middle, forming an elliptic

aperture exposing the reddish-brown disk ; asci paraphysate, linear-oblong, eight-spored,

pedicellate, 130-140 x 13-16-54; paraphyses filiform, numerous; spores monostichous

or subdistichous, slightly constricted at the medial septum, golden-brown, oblong to

ellipsoid, muriform, with 5-6 transverse septa and 1-2 longitudinal septa, 20-22 « 8-10 u.

Hysterographium spinicolum, Doidge, sp. nov.

Perithecia sparsa, lineares, 0-5-1-5 x 0-3-0-4 mm., utrinque acutiuscula, atra,

carbonacea, longitudinaliter rimosa, dein aperta; asci paraphysati, oblongo-lineares,

octospori, stipitati, 130-140 x 13-16-5 uw; paraphysibus numerosis, linearibus; sporae

monostichae v. subdistichae, medio leniter constrictae, luteo-brunneae, oblongae y,

ellipticae, muriformae, transverse 5-6 septatae, in longitudinem 1-2 septatae, 20-22 x 8-10u.

Hab. in spinis Acaciae spirocarpoides, Weenen, Natal, 30.7.12 [2542].

88. Hysterographium Acaciae, n. sp.

On bark of Acacia giraffae, Smitskraal, Boshof District, Orange Free State, 22.9.11,

Burtt-Davy [1904].

Perithecia gregarious, at first almost spherical, later somewhat elliptic, up to 0-5 mm.

diameter, black, carbonaceous, lips closely connivent ; asci oblong or clavate, paraphysate,

eight-spored, somewhat thickened round the apex, briefly pedicellate, 100-120 x 18-21 pu:

paraphyses filiform ; spores distichous, ellipsoid, not constricted, fuscous, muriform, with

6-8 transverse and 1—2 longitudinal septa, 27-30 « 10 uw.

Hysterographium Acaciae, Doidge, n. sp.

Perithecia gregaria, elliptica v. rotundata, atra, carbonacea, 0-5 mm. diametro, labiis

arcte conniventibus ; asci oblongi v. clavati, paraphysati, octospori, apice parum incrassati,

breve stipitati, 100-120 x 18-21 »; paraphysibus linearibus; sporae distichae ellipticae,

non constrictae, fuscae, muriformae, transverse 6—8 septatae, in longitudinem 1—2 septatae,

27-30 < 10 u.

Hab. in corticis Acaciae yiraffae, Boshot District, 22.9.11, leg. Burtt-Davy [1904].

89. Cyclotheca Bosciae, nh. sp.

On leaves of Boscia caffra, Ebb and Flow, Wilderness, George District, 10.5.23, Doidge

[17125].

Forms on the leaves numerous, subcircular, brown spots 2-5 mm. diameter, most

conspicuous on the under surface, less sharply defined, but visible on the upper surface and

showing concentric zoning: old spots are thin and somewhat translucent. Intramatrical

hypostroma very copious, consisting of closely interwoven hyaline hyphae, and penetrating

right through the mesophyll. Hyphal strands from the hypostroma grow through the

numerous stomata in the lower epidermis and produce the thinly crustaceous, dull-black,

superficial ascostromata. Locul linear, irregular in form and size, curved or bent, closely

crowded,and dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Hypothecium thin, colourless ; outer wall of

Joculi radial in structure, consisting of hyphae about 3-5 u thick. Asci paraphysate, not

staining blue with iodine, sessile, saccate or cylindrical, eight-spored, not thickened round

the apex, 33-3-46-6 « 10-13-3 4; paraphyses not numerous, filiform, septate. Spores

two-celled, hyaline, subdistichous, 11-6-13-3 x 8:3 u, upper eell slightly broader and

more broadly rounded than lower.

Cyclotheca Bosciae, Doidge, n. sp. :

Stromata superficialia, 2-5 mm. diametro, hypophylla ex hypostromate incolore,

subepidermali, copiose per stromata numerosa prorumpente oriunda ; loculis linearibus,

eregariis, irregularibus ; hypothecio tenue incolore ; asci paraphysati, saccati v. cylindracei,

octospori, 33°3-46-6 x 1013-3 u; sporae I-septatae, hyalinae, 11-6-13-3 x 8-3 pu, loculo

supero parum latiore.

Hab. in foltis Boserae caffrae, Wilderness, George District, 10.5.23, leg. Doidge [17125].

90. Macowaniella myrsinicola, n. sp.

On leaves of Myrsine melanophleos, Greytown, Natal. 16.2.22, Doidge [15529];

Montagu Pass Road, George District, 9.5.23, Doidge [17105].

Condial stage only : Claridge, Natal, 31.5.15, Doidge [8995]; Hast London, 24.11.17,

Doidge [10908].

Stromata epiphyllous, round, superficial, up to 2 mm. diameter, crowded towards

the midrib of the leaf, often in contact with one another, but the outline of each circular

stroma is always evident and they do not become merged into a continuous mass. Loculi

elliptic, straight, or branched and irregular in form, scattered or in small groups, and

sometimes arranged more or less in’a circle, but not with their axes on radiating lines,

330-480 175-320 pu, 50-70 » high, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit. Hypothecium

delicate, pseudocellular: covering membrane radial in structure. Asci paraphysate, ovate

to clavate, eight-spored, thickened round the apex, briefly pedicellate, not staining blue with

197

iodine, 40-44 20-23 1. Spores fuscous, distichous or subtristichous, two-celled, ellipsoid,

rounded at both ends, 17-20 x 7-5-8-5 u, cells subequal, or upper cell somewhat shorter

and broader than the lower. Hypostroma epidermal and subepidermal: there is a distinct

layer of colourless mycelium between the epidermis and the palisade cells, with hyphae

extending downwards into the latter, but the hypostroma is much less strongly developed

than in Macowaniella congesta. Superficial mycelium fuscous; hyphae 3-3-5 yp thick,

tortuous, branching irregularly and anastomosing, bearing small, dark-brown, one-celled

hemispherical hyphopodia, 6-6-5 x 3 4. Conidiophores erect, dark-brown, 13-16 x 3-5 u,

bearing at their tips conidia similar in form to those of Asterodothis solaris: conidia

four-celled, brown, cylindrical or club-shaped, straight or slightly curved, somewhat

constricted at the septa, 37-44 « 6-5-7 u.

Macowamella myrsinicola, Doidge, n. sp.

Stromata ascophora epiphylla, rotundata, usque 2 mm. diametro, hypostromate

epidermale et subepidermale oriunda, pluries affixa ; loculi elliptici, recti v. furcati, sparsi v.

subgregaru, 330-480 x 175-320 u, 50-70 yu alti, hypothecio tenue; asci aparaphysati,

ovati v. clavati, octospori, apice incrassati, breviter stipitati, 40-44 x 20-23 uw; sporae

fuscae, distichae v. subtristichae, ellipticae, utrinque rotundatae, loculis subaequalibus v.

loculo supero parum breviore et latiore, 17-20 « 7-5-8-5 1; mycelium epiphyllum fuscum,

ex hyphis 3-3-5 wu latis, tortuosis, ramosis compositum; hyphopodia parva, brunnea,

continua, hemisphaerica, 6-6-5 x 3 4; conidiis 3-septatis, brunneis, cylindraceis v. clavatis,

37-44 X 6°5-T p.

Hab. in foliis Myrsine melanophleos, Greytown, Natal, 16.2.22, leg. Doidge [15529].

91. Polyrhizon Celastri, n. sp.

On leaves of Celastrus acuminatus, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge

[17207].

Epiphylous, on yellow-brown leaf spots, up to 5 mm. diameter; opposite the centre

of each collective stroma there is a yellowish spot visible on the lower side of the leaf ; each

collective stroma is composed of a large number of single stromata developing in concentric

rings. Single stromata crowded, spherical in outline, 300-600 » in diameter, irregular

in height, 30-50 wu: outer wall opaque, radiating in structure, consisting at the margin

of brown hyphae, 4-5 u thick. Each stroma has only a few loculi, arranged round a central

sterile column which is connected with the dark epidermal hypostroma ; the peripheral

part of the stroma lies free on the surface of the leaf. Hypothecium pseudocellular, pale

fuscous. Asci paraphysate, eight-spored (material rather old and asci not well

seen); spores dark-brown, opaque, almost black, two-celled, constricted, smooth,

26-28-5 x 11-5-13-5 u, upper cell somewhat broader.

Polyrhizon Celastri, Doidge, nu. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, orbicularia, usque 5 mm. diametro, e pluribus ascomatibus

circinantibus concreta ; ascomata partialia pede centrali epidermide innata v. marginem

radiatim ex hyphis 4-5 p crasses contexta, 300-600 » diametro, 30-50 pu alta, loculi pauci,

immersi; asci octospori, paraphysati: sporae atro-brunneae, opacae, 1-septatae,

constrictae, leves, 26-28-5 x 11-5-13-5 uw, loculo supero paullo latiore.

Hab. in foliis Celastri acwminati, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, leg. Doidge.

[17207].

92. Hysterostoma Faureae, n. sp.

On leaves of Fawrea McNaughtonii, Gouna Forest, Knysna District, 23.5.23, Phillips

{ 17293].

Stromata epiphyllous, less frequently hypophyllous, numerous, dull-black, minute,

300-400 » diameter, elevated in the centre into a slight papilla, which eventually breaks

away and forms an irregularly circular opening. The stroma’ is surrounded by a fringe of

radiating hyphae, which are brown, 4-6 yu thick, frequently septate, often adhering by their

198

lateral walls and forming strands of 2-3 hyphae, and bearing a few hemispherical hyphopodia.

The radiating hyphae often give rise to smaller secondary stromata, and thus oa groups

which are up to 2 mm. diameter.

The loculi are solitary or few in each stroma, round or irregular in outline, 70-90 u high.

The covering membrane is composed of radiating hyphae 3-3-5 p thick. The hypothecium

is thin, hyaline, and composed of delicate hyphae: it is connected at many points with

the subcuticular hypostroma. Hypostroma hyaline, lying between the cuticle and the

epidermis and causing disorganization and discoloration of the contents of the epidermal

cells. Asci paraphysate, eight-spored, clavate or narrow ovate, slightly thickened round

the apex, 45-50 x 20-23 yu, not staining blue with iodine. Spores olivaceous-brown,

distichous, two-celled, constricted, 20-23 x 8-5-10 u; they appear to be surrounded

by a mucilaginous envelope when immature ; upper cell broader and more broadly rounded

than the lower.

Hysterostoma Faureae, Doidge, n. sp.

Stromata epiphylla, sparsa, atra, minuta, 300-400 pu diametro, ex hypostromate sub,

cuticulari oriunda, pluries affixa, periphice in hyphas radiantes dissoluta. Hypha-

brunneae, 4-6 yw crassae, hyphopodiis paucis hemisphericis. Loculi pauci vel solitarii,

70-90 u alti, hypothecio tenue. Asci paraphysati, octospori, clavati v. ovati, apice lenitee

incrassati, 45-50 x 20-23 yu. Sporae distichae, 1-septatae, constrictae, brunneaer

20-23 x 8-5-10 uy, loculo supero latiore.

93. Palawaniella Dovyalidis, n. sp.

On leaves of Dovyalis rhamnoides, Ebb and Flow, Wilderness, George District,

15.5.23, Doidge [17117]; Bathurst District, 14.7.19, Doidge [12347].

Ascigerous stromata, epiphyllous, dull-black, opaque, carbonaceous, attached to the leaf

at many points, superficial, minute, 190 » diameter, or up to 360 < 200 u, forming groups

up to 5 mm. diameter, developing centrifugally, outer wall very opaque, radiating in structure,

composed of hyphae about 5 u thick. Hypostroma well developed in the epidermal cells

under each ascostroma, forming dense knots of hyphae in the epidermal cells, which are

hyaline for the most part, but fuscous where they are connected by numerous delicate

processes with the superficial hypothecium. These knots of hyphae in the epidermal cells

are connected by delicate subepidermal strands, which also penetrate between the palisade

cells. Loculi 1-2 in each stroma, opening by a round pore or by stellate fissures in the

outer wall. Loculi flat, hypothecium thin. Asci four-spored, paraphysate, clavate, sessile

or with a short foot, thickened round the apex, 33-40 x 13-5-16-5u. Spores pale fuscous,

two-celled, not constricted, clavate, 15-18 <x 5-6-3 wu, upper cell much longer than the

lower, lower cell not more than 3-5 » long. Pycnidia similar to the ascostromata, conidia

hyaline, subspherical to ellipsoid, 6-5-13-5 « 5-6-5 u.

Palawamiella Dovyalidis, Doidge, un. sp.

Stromatis ascigeris epiphyllis, tota longitudine matrice adnatis, superficialibus, atris,

opacis, carbonaceis, sparsis, minutis, rotundatis v. ovalibus, 190 yu. diametro v. 360 x 200 p,

saepe plus minus confluentibus et tunc usque 5 mm. diametro, in medio crassis, marginem v.

tenuoribus, radiatim ex hyphis 5 wu crassis contextis; hypostromate epidermide bene,

subepidermide parum evoluto; loculis in strematibus singulis v. duobus, tandem poro

rotundo v. stellatim disrumpentibus; hypothecio tenue; ascis 4-sporis, paraphysatis, clavatis,

sessilibus v. breve stipitatis, apice incrassatis 33-40 x 13-5-16-5 uw; sporis tuscis, clavatis,

l-septatis, haud constrictis, 15-18 x 5-6-3 pz, loculo supero longiore, infero ca. 3-5 uw longo.

Hab. in foliis Dovyalidis rhamnoides, Wilderness, George District, 15.5.23, lee. Doidge

[17117].

94. Asterinella Pterocelastri, n. sp.

On leaves of Pterocelastrus variabilis, var. tricuspidatus, Storms River, Humansdorp

District, 15.5.23, Doidge [17190]; Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge [17222].

199

Hypophyllous, forming thin irregularly circular, sooty blotches up to 1 cm. diameter,

often confluent and covering larger areas of the leaf ; mycelium copious, reticulate, composed

of pale fuscous hyphae 3-4 » thick; hyphae straight or subtorulose, without hyphopodia,

branching and anastomosing profusely ; thyriothecia fuscous, only slightly darker than the

mycelium, flattened-hemispherical, 150-180 » diameter, composed of radiating hyphae

about 3 u thick, cells 3-3-5 u long in the centre, longer near the periphery, margin fimbriate,

the radiating hyphae running out and anastomosing with the mycelial hyphae; asci

aparaphysate, eight-spored, ovate, thin-walled, not staining blue with iodine, 30-37 20-25 p;

spores conglobate, ellipsoid, two-celled, slightly constricted, pale fuscous, thin-walled.

delicate, smooth, 17-20 x 6-5-8-5 u, upper cell slightly broader and more broadly rounded

than the lower.

Asterinella Pterocelastri, Doidge, n. sp.

Hypophylla, plagulas primitus, orbiculares, usque | cm. diametro, sed mox confluendo

majores et irregulares formans ; mycelium ex hyphis fuscidulis, 3-4 p latis, rectis v. sub-

torulosis, ramosis formatum; hyphopodia desunt; thyriothecia orbicularia, 150-180 w

diametro, radiatim ex hyphis 3 yp. crassis contexta, fimbriata ; asci aparaphysati, octospori,

ovati, 30-37 x 20-25 u; sporae conglobatae, ellipsoideae, 1l-septatae, leves leniter

constrictae, fuscae, 17-20 « 6-5-8-5 u, cellula superiore leniter latiore.

Hab. in foliis Pterocelastr: variabilis, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23,

leg. Doidge [17190].

95. Asteromyxa inconspicua, n. sp.

On leaves of Chilianthus arboreus, Van Stadens Pass, Cape Province, 19.5.23, Doidge

[17252].

Forming minute, very inconspicuous, black spots on the upper surface of the leaves.

Mycelium radiating, composed of fuscous, slender hyphae, without hyphopodia, 3-5 p. thick,

septate, branching irregularly and anastomosing, with a tendency to adhere to adjoining

hyphae by the lateral walls, and so form radiating strands, 2-4 hyphae in breadth ; often

producing at the tips of the lateral branches large, oval, brown conidia 16-20 x 11-13 py.

Thyriothecia few, 1-3 in centre of mycelium, circular, at first flat, shield-shaped, radiating

in structure, composed of radiating hyphae about 3 u thick, later becoming almost hemi-

spherical and more irregular in outline, 160-270 u diameter. Asci fugaceous, eight-spored,

ovate, aparaphysate, sessile, about 30-35 x 22-24 uw; interior of thyriothecium filled at

maturity with dirty-brown mucilaginous matter in which the groups of spores are embedded,

the asci having disappeared. The swelling of this mucilage forces apart the radiating

cells of the covering membrane, which disintegrates. Spores elliptic, two-celled, pale

fuscous, somewhat constricted, upper cell slightly broader, 17-22 « 6-85 u.

Asteromyxa, Theiss et Syd. (Ann. Myc., XV, 1917, p. 419), is a monotypic genus,

which bears among the ahyphopodiate genera the same relation to Asterinella as Englerulaster

does to Asterina among the hyphopodiate genera. It is based on A. hirtula (= Dimeriella

hirtula, Speg) as type, and this species has a number of setae on the thyriothecium.

Asteromyxa inconspicua has all the characters of the genus Asteromyzxa except the setae, and

is therefore assigned to that genus. The diagnosis of the genus Asteromyxa must be

broadened to include species whose thyriothecia have no setae, or else a new genus must

be established for these. ;

Asteromyxa inconspicua, Doidge, n. sp.

Epiphylla, plagulas minutas parum perspicuas formans: mycelium laxe ramosum ex

hyphis tenuibus fuscis, 3-5 &% crassis compositum ; hyphopodia nulla; thyriothecia pauca

in quaque plagula, hemisphaerica, 160-270 u diametro, radiatim ex hyphis ca. 3 yp crassis

contexta, mox mucose dissoluta; asci evanescentes, octospori, ovati, aparaphysati,

30-35 x 22-24 »; sporae ellipticae, l-septatae, leniter constrictae fuscae leves,

17-22 < 6-8-5 up.

Hab. in foliis Chilianthi arborer, Van Stadens Pass, Cape Province, 19.5.23, leg. Doidge

[17252].

200.

96. Parasterina reticulata, n. sp.

On leaves of Celastrus buxifolius, Durban, Natal, 1897, Medley Wood (Wood Nos. 6452

and 6458) [9500 and 9518]; East London, 24.11.17, Doidge [10913].

On Celastrus nemorosus, Knysna, Cape Province, 3.6.12, Pienaar [2429]; Umgeni,

Natal, 16.7.15, Medley Wood [9023]; Van Stadens Pass, Cape Province, 9.3.16, Bottomley

[9558]: Alice, Cape Province, 18.11.17, Doidge [10974]; Langholm, Bathurst District,

14.7.18, Doidge [12370]; Howiesons Poort, near Grahamstown, 12.7.19, Doidge [12386] ;

Van Stadens Pass, 19.5.22, Doidge [17262].

On Celastrus ruber, Kentani, Cape Province, 10.4.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 2336) [9069].

On Celastrus Harveyanus, Henley, Natal, 24.5.15, Doidge [9000]; Claridge, Natal.

31.5.15, Doidge [8997}.

Fig. 1.

Parasterina reticulata.

On Celastrus pyracanthus, Pirie Forest, Kingwilhamstown, 8.7.19, Doidge [12330].

On Celastrus Senegalensis, Nelspruit, Transvaal, 18.10.13, Van der Bijl [7076];

Rikath, Portuguese Hast Africa, September, 1918, Junod [11725].

On Elaeodendron croceum, Woodville Forest, George District, 11.11.17. Doidge [10941] ;

Kentani, Cape Province, 17.4.12, Pegler [2253].

On Pleurostylia capensis, Kentani, Cape Province, 20.7.12, Pegler [2532].

On Putterlichia pyracantha, Kast London, 19.7.19, Doidge [12407].

On Putterlichia verrucosa, Winkle Spruit, Natal, 28.5.15, Doidge [9007]; Umgeni,

Natal, 16.7.15, Medley Wood [9033]; Kentani, Cape Province, 15.12.14, Pegler. (Pegler

No. 1967) [8783].

201

Amphigenous, forming thin, black growths up to 1 cm. diameter, frequently numerous,

especially on the upper surface, and coalescing to form a continuous growth covering the

leaf surface. Mycelium radiating, composed of brown, fairly straight hyphae about

3°5 uw thick, the primary hyphae radiating like the spokes of a wheel and giving rise to

numerous branches which anastomose and form a continuous open network. The form

of the network varies slightly in different specimens: in some the radiating hyphae are

more marked, in some the meshes of the network are irregularly angular, in others they tend

to be curved. Hyphopodia not very numerous, sometimes rare, most easily seen on the

younger hyphae, unilateral or alternate, continuous, hemispherical or obliquely flattened,

sometimes sublobed, 3-5-4 u high, 8-13 » broad. Thyriothecia scattered, fairly numerous

more crowded towards the centre of the mycelium, flattened-hemispherical, 220-250 pv.

diameter, dehiscing by stellate fissures, the central part later falling away and exposing

the asci, dark-brown, opaque, radiating in structure, composed of radiating hyphae about

3 u thick; margin fimbriate, radiating hyphae running out and anastomosing with the

mycelial hyphae. Asci numerous, paraphysate, eight-spored, ovate or broadly ellipsoid,

shghtly thickened round the apex, sessile, 40-43 x 23-5-26 uw. Paraphyses filitorm,

flexuous ; fairly numerous, slightly exceeding the asci. Spores distichous, two-celled,

brown ellipsoid, constricted at the septum, smooth, rounded at both ends, 20-23-5 « 8-9 u,

loculi ellipsoid, upper loculus slightly broader.

Parasterina reticulata, Doidge, n. sp.

Amphigena, plagulas tenues, orbiculares, usque 1 cm. latas, dein confluentes et plus

minus effusas formans ; mycelium reticulatum ex hyphis longiusculis, ramosis radiantibus,

brunneis, ca. 3-5 uw crassis compositum ; hyphopodia haud numerosa, alternantia v. solitaria,

sessilia, hemisphaerica v. rarius sublobata, 3-5-4 yu alta, 8-13 u lata; thyriothecia sparsa,

sat numerosa, rotundata 220-250 » diametro, primitus stellatim dehiscentia per aetatem

late aperta, radiatim ex hyphis, 3 u crassis contexta, fimbriata ; asci numerosi paraphysati,

octospori, ovati v. late elliptici, sessiles 40-43 x 23-5-26 uw, paraphysibus, filiformis,

flexuosis, sat numerosis; sporae distichae, 1-septatae, brunneae, ellipticae, constrictae,

laeves, utrinque rotundatae, 20-23-5 x 8-9 u, loculo supero parum majore.

Hab. in foliis Celastri Senegalensis, Rikatl, Portuguese East Africa, 1918, leg. Junod

11725).

97. Parasterina laxa, Doidge.

Syn. Parasterina brachystoma (Rehm) Th., var. laza (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Africa

VIL, p. 245, 1920).

On leaves of Grumilea capensis, Woodbush, Zoutpansberg District, 3.8.11, Doidge

[1758].

On Oxyanthus Gerrardi, Berea, Durban, 28.1.18, Van der Bijl [11366].

On Plectronia obovata, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge [17226].

Epiphyllous, forming black, carbonaceous spots up to 10 mm. diameter; mycelium

radiating, more or less reticulate, formed of straight, brown hyphae 5-6-5 yu. thick, frequently

septate, cells 16-24 pv long, branching irregularly and anastomosing ; hyphopodia alternate

or unilateral, continuous, sessile, briefly cylindrical, clavate, hemispherical or pyriform

straight or subuncinate, 6-5-13-5 » high, 6-13-5 u broad; thyriothecia hemispherical,

scattered, 200-350 u. diameter, composed of radiating hyphae about 3 u thick; dehiscence

at first stellate, later the whole central portion falls away, leaving only the margin with its

fimbriate hyphae running out into the mycelium ; asci eight-spored, subspherical or broadly

ovate, sessile, thickened round the apex, staining golden-brown with iodine, 53-65 « 40-50 p;

spores conglobate, constricted, brown, 1-septate, minutely verrucose at maturity,

30-33 x 15-16-5 u, cells subequal or upper cell broader by 2-3 yu, each cell almost spherical

or ovate.

98. Asterina gerbericola, n. sp.

ah a leaves of Gerbera cordata, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, Doidge

_ Epiphyllous, forming small black spots up to 5 mm. diameter; mycelium delicate,

formed of sinuous, brown hyphae 3-3-5 p thick, branching irregularly and anastomosing,

cells 24-27 uw long; hyphopodia distant, not very numerous, alternate, one-celled, sessile‘

erect or decumbent, variously lobed, lobes rounded, frequently there are three lobes which

are themselves sublobed, 6-10 u high and 8-13 yu broad ; thyriothecia numerous, developing

at the tips of secondary hyphae, at first fan-shaped, later flattened-hemispherical,

120-130 uw diameter, composed of radiating hyphae 2-2-5 wu thick, margin fimbriate,

dehiscence stellate; asci aparaphysate, eight-spored, broadly ovate or subspherical,

20-23 x 23-30 u, not staining blue with iodine; spores conglobate, two-celled, slightly

constricted, dark-brown, opaque, cylindrical, broadly rounded at both ends, verrucose

at maturity, 13-5-16-5 « 7-8-3 u, cells subequal.

This species closely resembles Asterina undulata, trom which it differs chiefly in the

size and form of the hyphopodia, better developed mycelium, and longer verrucose spores.

Fig. 2.

Asterina gerbericola.

Asterina gerbericola, Doidge, n. sp.

Plagulas epiphyllas, usque 5 mm. diametro atras formans ; mycelium tenue, ex hyphis

sinuosis, brunneis, ramosis 3-3-5 u latis, septatis (articulis 24-27 » longis) compositum ;

hyphopodia haud numerosa, alternantia, sessilia, varie lobata, 6-10 » alta, 8-13 wu lata ;

thyriothecia numerosa in summis hyphis secundariis oriunda, orbicularia 120-130 u

diametro, radiatim ex hyphis 2-2-5 w crassis contexta, ambitu fimbriata, stellatim

dehiscentia ; asci aparaphysati, octospori, ovato-globosi 20-23 x 30 uw; sporae con-

203

globatae, 1-septatae, cylindraceae, leniter constrictae, utrinque late rotundatae, brunneae;

opacae, verrucosae, 13-5-16°5 x 7-8-3 u, loculis fere aequalibus.

Hab. in foliis Gerberae cordatae, Storms River, Humansdorp District, leg. Doidge

{17175}.

Asterina undulata affnis.

99. Asterina Streptocarpi, n. sp.

On leaves of Streptocarpus Rexii, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge [17223].

Epiphyllous, forming minute black spots up to 3 mm. diameter; mycelium undulate,

formed of flexuous hyphae 3-5-5 wu thick, irregularly branched cells 16-20 y» long;

hyphopodia one-celled, alternate, fairly numerous, usually erect, plurilobate, with

2-5 (usually 3) main lobes, which are again sublobed, 6-10 » high, 8-13-5 uw broad ;

ever

thyriothecia developed at the tips of lateral branches, flattened-hemispherical, reddish-

brown, 100-150 » diameter, dehiscence stellate, formed of radiating hyphae 2-5-3 u thick

(cells 5-6 uw long); margin at first smooth, later fimbriate, a number of flexuous hyphae

running out and anastomosing with the mycelial hyphae ; asci aparaphysate, four-spored,

sessile, not staining blue with iodine, globose or broadly ovate, 20-24 x 23-24 u; spores

conglobate, two-celled, brown, smooth, constricted, cylindrical, broadly rounded at both

ends, 16-18 x 7-8-5 u, cells equal, or upper cell slightly broader.

Fig. 3.

Asterina streptocurpi.

204

This species is closely related to A. undulata, A. gerbericola, and A. dilabens, Syd. ;

hke the two former, it has thyriothecia, which originate at the tips of lateral branches.

It is nearest A. gerbericola, from which it differs chiefly in its smooth spores, coarser, undulate

hyphae, and more numerous hyphopodia.

Asterina Streptocarpi, Doidge, n. sp.

Plagulas epiphyllas, atras, minutas, usque 3 mm. diametro formans; mycelium undulatum,

ex hyphis flexuosis, ramosis, 3-5-5 u latis, septatis (articulis 16-20 » longis) compositum ;

hyphopodia continua, modice copiosa, alternantia, plurilobata, 6-10 » alta, 8-13-5 u lata ;

thyriothecia in summis hyphis secundarnus oriunda, orbicularia, 100-150 yu diametro,

brunnea, radiatim ex hyphis, 2-5-3 u crassis (cellulis 5-6 vu longis) contexta ; ad ambitum

hyphis flexuosis fimbriata, stellatim dehiscentia ; asci aparaphysati, 4-spori, ovato-globosi,

20-24 x 23-24 wu; sporae conglobatae, 1-septatae, constrictae, leves, cylindraceae, utrinque

late rotundatae, 16-18 x 7-8-5 yu, cellulis aequalibus v. superiore leniter latiore.

Hab. in folis Streptocarp: Rex, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, leg. Doidge

[17223].

A. gerbericola affinis.

100. Asterina celtidicola, P. Henn., var. microspora, Doidge.

Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Africa, VIII, p. 260, 1920.

On leaves of Kiggelaria africana, Keurkloof Forest, George District, 9.5.23, Doidge

[17111]; Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge [17221]; Storms River, Humansdorp

District, 15.5.23, Doidge [17191].

On stems of Capparis citrifolia, Ebb and Flow, Wilderness, George District, 10.5.23,

Doidge [17123].

This variety was originally collected on Maerua pedunculosa and Oncoba Kraussiana

in Natal. ;

101. Amazonia Goniomae, n. sp.

On leaves of Gonioma Kamassi, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.15, Doidge [17209] ;

Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, Doidge [17230]; Keurkloof Forest, George

District, 9.5.23, Doidge [17109].

Amphigenous, forming irregularly circular, dull-black spots up to 7 mm.. diameter ;

mycelium dense, radiating, consisting of meliola-like hyphae 6-5-9 » thick, irequently

septate, cells 20-27 » long, with numerous usually opposite, less frequently unilateral

branches ; capitate hyphopodia, two-celled, stipitate, straight or curved, clavate-cylindrical,

sometimes sublobed, 20-27 x 8-6-10 p, stalk cell short, cylindrical ; thyriothecia scattered,

160-200 u diameter, flattened, shield-shaped, circular, formed of radiating hyphae about

6 uw thick, margin very briefly fimbriate; asci aparaphysate, evanescent, two-spored ;

spores flattened-cylindrical, 4-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, brown, broadly

rounded at both ends, 40-47 « 15-16-5 x 10-12 uw.

Amazoma Gonomae, Doidge, n. sp.

Amphigena, plagulas atras irregulares v. orbiculares, usque 7 mm. diametro formans ;

mycelium densum, ex hyphis, brunneis, 6-5-9 yu crassis, septatis, ramosis compositum,

cellulis 20-27 p. longis, ramis numerosis, oppositis v. rarius unilateralibus, hyphopodia

capitata alternantia, numerosa, recta v. curvata, stipitata, 20-27 x 8-6-10 u, cellula

superiore clavato-cylindracea interdum sublobata; thyriothecia sparsa orbicularia,

160-200 pu diametro, radiatim ex hyphis, ca. 6 » crassis contexta, ambitu hyphis similibus

fimbriata ; asci aparaphysati bispori; sporae oblongae, 4-septatae, leniter constrictae,

brunneae, utrinque late rotundatae, 40-47 x 15-16°5 uy.

Hab. in foliis Goniomae Kamassi, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, leg. Doidge

[17209].

102. Morenoella Phillipsii, n. sp.

On leaves and stems of Ocotea bullata, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge

[17205]; Montagu Pass Road, George District, 9.5.23, Doidge [17127].

Forming thin, spreading black growths on the under-side of the leaves, and densely

clothing the stems and petioles of young seedlings. Hyphaefuscous, undulating, 3-3-5 p. thick,

branching irregular, septa obscure, hyphopodia alternate or unilateral, continuous, briefly

cylindrical, straight or subuncinate, 6-15 = 3-5-5 pu, sometimes anastomosing with another

hyphopodium or with a branchlet to form a circle or oval; thyriothecia numerous, scattered,

elliptic to linear, occasionally almost circular, straight, curved or bent at an angle,

240-600 x 90-160 yu, radiating in structure, formed of hyphae about 3 u thick, raggedly

fimbriate at the margin, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit, which later becomes widely

distended, exposing the asci: asci aparaphysate, eight-spored, ovate, numerous, thickened

Fig. 4.

Morenoella Phillipsii.

round apex, sessile or with a short foot, not staining blue with iodine, 26-33-5 « 15-20 u;

spores tristichous or conglobate, fuscous, 1-septate, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, very

deeply constricted, so that the cells very often fall apart before the spore germinates,

13-5-15 « 5-6-3 uv, each cell ellipsoid.

My attention was drawn to this fungus by Mr. Phillips, the Assistant Officer for

Sylvicultural Research, who is stationed at Deepwalls, in the Knysna District, and is

conducting investigations into the regeneration of the indigenous forest. The stems of

young Ocotea bullata seedlings are frequently densely clothed with the mycelium of

Morenoella Phillipsii, which completely covers the stems for 10, 20, or 30 cm. It is not

206

improbable that the fungus has a serious effect on the growth of stinkwood seedlings.

In several stem sections I thought that I detected the presence of a subcuticular

hypostroma, but failed to establish any connection between this and the thyriothecia ;

there was no trace of this in leaf sections. I have therefore assigned the fungus to the

genus Morenoella.

Morenoella Phillipsw, Doidge, n. sp.

Hypophylla et caulicola, plagulas tenues, effusas hypophyllas formans atque caules

late et dense obtegens; mycelium ex hyphis fuscis, undulatis, 3-3-5 p latis, ramosis,

obscure septatis compositum; hyphopodia alternantia, breve cylindracea, recta v.

subuncinata, 6-15 x 3-5-5 w; thyriothecia numerosa, sparsa, elliptica v. linearia, recta,

curvata vel geniculata, 240-600 x 90-160 .u, radiatim ex hyphis ca. 3 py. crassis composita,

ambitu fimbriata, primum rima angusta longitudinali deinde late aperta ; asci aparaphysati,

octospori, ovati, numerosi, apice incrassati, 26-33-5 x 18-20 uw; sporae tristichae v.

conglobatae, fuscae, medio septatae et valde constrictae, ellipsoideae, 13-5-15 x 5-6-3 u.

Hab. in foliis Ocoteae bullatae, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, leg. Doidge

[17205].

103. Phragmothyriella parenchymatica, Doidge.

Syn. Zukalia parenchymatica, Doidge (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Africa, VIII, p. 114,

1920).

On leaves of Xymalos monospora, Kentani, 3.3.15, Pegler [8864].

Thyriothecia epiphyllous, scattered, 300-400 » diameter and about 170 u high, fuscous,

irregularly parenchymatous in texture, paler towards the margin, with a single polyascous

hymenium; asci numerous, ellipsoid-ovate, briefly pedicellate, 50-60 x 20-30 uw; spores

obliquely distichous or conglobate hyaline or yellowish, 5—7-septate, ellipsoid, sometimes

slightly curved, 30-40 « 8-10 u: mycelium pale yellowish-brown, consisting of hyphae,

3-5-5 wu. thick ; these are copiously branched and anastomosing, forming in the neighbourhood

of the perithecia a continuous pseudo-parenchymatous layer, so that the covering wall

of the thyriothecium merges gradually into the mycelium.

104. Ascostratum insigne, Syd.

Ann. Myc., X, 1912, pp. 41-42, fig. 2.

On rind of Huphorbia sp., Amanzimtoti, Natal, 10.7.11, Doidge [1660], 20.5.13,

Doidge [6625].

In each case closely associated with Pleomassaria gigantea, Syd.

Stromata scattered, erumpent, later superficial, round or irregular in form, rather flat,

4-2 mm. diameter, the entire length of the base being attached to the host; outer wall

dark-brown, almost black ; inner part of stroma composed of light-coloured plectenchyma,

and containing numerous irregularly scattered loculi; locuh each with a single ascus;

asci ovate-globose. slightly thickened round the apex, eight-spored, 60-70 x 40-55 uw:

spores oblong or broadly fusiform, straight or often asymmetrical, obtuse at both ends,

7-9-septate, not constricted, hyaline, 45-58 x 16-18 up.

105. Irene implicata, n. sp.

On leaves of Chilianthus arboreus, Van Stadens Pass, 19.5.23, Doidge [17251].

Mycelium hypophyllous, forming rather indefinite round, grey-black spots, 2-4 mm.

diameter. Hyphae pale fuscous, rather thin-walled, subtorulose, 5-6-6 y. thick, cells variable

in length, branching irregularly anastomosing and forming a tangled network amongst

the lepidote scales on the under side of the leaf. Capitate hyphopodia usually alternate

or unilateral, sometimes opposite, stipitate, 20-40 x 10-20 uw; stipe cell usually cylindrical

or constricted at base, 3°5-16 ». in length ; terminal cell very variable in form and dimensions,

club-shaped, truncate, or variously and fantastically lobed. Mucronate hyphopodia,

solitary, opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4, slender lageniform, straight or curved, 16-27 x 5-6:5 py.

Setae none. Perithecia crowded together in the centre of the mycelium globose, somewhat

207

flattened, verrucose, carbonaceous, 240-290 u diameter, collapsing at maturity ; outer

wall composed of rounded or conical cells, which are irregularly polygonal at the base and

about 10 uw in diameter. Asci two-spored, evanescent. Spores brown, 4-septate, elliptic,

constricted at the septa, straight or slightly curved, tapering somewhat toward the rounded

ends, 50-54 wu long ; medial cell longer than the others and 20-23-5 vu broad ; terminal cells

are not more than 13-14 y broad.

Irene implicata, Doidge, n. sp.

Hypophylla, plagulas parum perspicuas, griseolas, orbiculares, 2-4 mm. latas formans ;

mycelium laxe ramosum, implicatum ex hyphis fuscis, subtorulosis, 5-6-6 u crassis

compositum ; hyphopodia capitata alternantia v. raro opposita, 20-40 x 10-20 yp, cellula

inferiore cylindrica v. basim constricta, 3-5-16 u longa. superiore irregularia, clavata

Fig. 5.

lrene implicata : mycelium with capitate and mucronate nyphopodia, and spores.

truncata v. varie lobata; hyphopodia mucronata plerumque opposita, angusta, lageni-

formia, recta vy. curvata, 16-27 x 5-6-5 u; perithecia in centro plagularum pauca conferta,

atra, carbonacea, verrucosa, 240-290 yu, in sicco collapsa ; asci bispori; sporae brunneae,

4-septatae, ellipticae ad septa constrictae, rectae v. subcurvatae; utrinque attenuatae,

50-54 u longae ; cellula media 20-23°5 uv. lata, cellulis extimis 13-14 p latis.

Hab. in foliis Chilianthi arborescentis, Van Stadens Pass, 19.5.23, leg. Doidge [17251].

106. Irene Peglerae, Doidge.

Trans. Roy. Soc., V, p. 730, 1916.

On Halleria lucida, Keurkloof Forest, George District, 9.5.23, Doidge [17116]; Storms

River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, Doidge [17182]; Deepwalls, Knysna District,

13.5.23, Doidge [17200].

This species was originally collected at Kentani on Anastrabe integerrima ; it appears

to be very common on Halleria lucida in the coast forest belt.

208

107 Meliola comata, Doidge.

Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Africa, VIII, p. 111, 1920.

On leaves of Pyrenacantha scandens, Woodville Forest, George District, 11.11.17,

Doidge [11020]; Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, Doidge [17192]; Deepwalls,

Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge [17208].

The host of M. comata was previously (loc. cit.) incorrectly determined as

(2) Ipomoea sp.

108. Meliola Evansii.

Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Africa, VIII, p. 112, 1920.

On leaves of Celastrvus acuminatus, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge

[17206].

On Elaeodendron croceum, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23 [17216].

M. Evansii has previously been recorded on Mystrorylon at Mossel Bay and

Celastrineae undetermined from the Zoutpansberg.

Fig. 6,

Veliola Knowltoniac.

109. Meliola Knowltoniae, n. sp.

On leaves of Knowltonia vesicatoria, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.28,

Doidge [17177].

209

Epiphyllous, forming rather thin, black, carbonaceous spots up to 5 mm. diameter :

mycelium consisting of brown, opaque, rather sinuous hyphae 9-11 pv thick (usually 10 p) :

cells for the most part 35-40 » long, branches opposite: capitate hyphopodia alternate,

brown, opaque, usually one to each cell, stipitate, 27-34 « 13-5-17 u, majority at an angle

of about forty-five degrees with hypha, but sometimes more widely divergent, stipe cell

cylindrical, 6-5-10 uw long, terminal cell club-shaped, sublobed or subuncinate, curving

towards or away from the hyphae, but usually the latter; mucronate hyphopodia fairly

numerous near centre of mycelium, opposite, not lighter in colour than the capitate

hyphopodia, 16-17 x 8-10 up, ampulliform with rather a short neck, 3-5 p thick ; mycelia!

setae numerous in the neighbourhood of the perithecia, less numerous elsewhere, simple,

straight or somewhat flexuous, 400-500 y long, 10 p thick at base, the majority tapering

very gradually to the blunt and somewhat less opaque apex, which is 2-3 p thick, a few

of the setae are less tapering and have a blunt apex up to 5 y thick; perithecia in groups

in the centre of the mycelium, spherical. black, carbonaceous, slightly rough, 160-200 p.

diameter ; asci two-spored, evanescent ; spores 4-septate, cylindrical-compressed, broadly

rounded at both ends, slightly constricted at the septa, brown, 42-46 « 16°5-20 « 13-5 p.

Meliola Knowltoniae, Doidge, n. sp.

Epiphylla, plagulas atras, usque 5 mm. diametro formans; mycelium ex hyphis,

brunneis, opacis, subsinuosis, 9-11 pw crassis, septatis, ramosis, compositis, cellulis

plerumque, 35-40 u longis, ramis oppositis; hyphopodia capitata alternantia stipitata

27-34 x 13-5-17 yu, cellula superiore, clavata, sublobata v. subuncinata; hyphopodia

mucronata sat numerosa, opposita, 16-17 « 8-10 uv, ampullacea; setae mycelicae rectae

v. subflexuosae, simplices 400-500 ». longae, basi 10 ». crassae, apicem obtusum v. sensim

attenuatae; perithecia gregaria, globosa, atra, carbonacea, 160-200 » diametro; asci

bispori; sporae 4-septatae, cylindraceae, utrinque late rotundatae, leniter constrictae,

42-46 X 16-5-20 wu.

Hab. in toliis Knowltoniae vesicatoriae, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23,

leg. Doidge [17177].

110. Meliola Toddaliae, Doidge.

Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Africa, V, p. 732, 1916.

On leaves of Fagara capensis, Thun., Pirie Forest, 8.7.19, Doidge [12275]; Winters

Kloof, Natal, 13.9.19, Doidge [12440].

On Fagara Davyi, Gouna Road, Low Forest, February, 1922, Keet [15531].

M. Toddaliae was originally described as occurring on Toddalia lanceolata, and is

commonly found on this host.

111. Perisporium irenicolum, n. sp.

On Irene Peglerae on leaves of Halleria lucida, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23,

Doidge [17201].

Mycelium pale fuscous, hyphae very delicate, 1-2 pw thick, but well developed, forming

a dense tangle between the hyphae of the Irene. Associated with this mycelium, and”

probably connected with it, are very numerous conidiophores and conidia of a

Helminthosporium sp. Stevens (Bot. Gazette, 64, 1918, pp. 228-229) noticed similar conidia

in connection with Perisporium Meliolae. Perithecia subspherical, rather taller than

broad, smooth, 190-230 » diameter, wall membranous, formed of irregular, polygonal

cells about 6 » diameter. Asci numerous, fascicled, eight-spored, clavate or cylindrical,

sessile or with a short foot, 70-100 « 18-20 p, thickened round the apex, staining dull-purple

with iodine, aparaphysate. Spores distichous, fuscous, clavate, 5-septate when mature,

shghtly constricted at the medial septum, broadly rounded above, tapering to the lower

end, 42-44 » long, 13-5-16 pu thick at the broadest point, narrower and obtuse at the lower

end.

The genus Perisporiwm was discarded by Theissen and Sydow (Ann. Myc., 1917,

p. 448), and the genus Meliolina established for species similar to Meliola, but with

210

ahyphopodiate mycelium. ‘The present species does not agree well with the species of the

genus Melholina in that it has eight-spored fasciculate asci, but it is closely related to

Perisporvum Meliolae, Stevens (loc. cit.) ; 1t is therefore provisionally assigned to the genus

Perisporvum.

(2?) Perisporvum wrenicolum, Doidge, n. sp.

Amphigenum in mycelio Irene Peglerae parasiticum ; mycelio tenue, bene evoluto,

hyphas fuscas, 1-2 w cr. composito; perithecia subsphaerica, laeves, membranacea,

190-230 wu diametro; asci numerosi, aparaphysati, fasciculati, octospori, clavati v-

cylindracei, sessiles v. breviter pedicellati, 70-100 x 18-20 yp, apice incrassati; sporae

distichae, fuscae, clavatae, 5-septatae, medio leniter constrictae, 42-44 x 13-5-16 yu.

Hab. in foliis Hallervae lucidae, Deepwalls, Knysna District, .13.5.23, leg. Doidge

[17201].

112. Phaeostigme circumsedens, n. sp.

Parasitic on mycelium of (2) Asterina or (?) Clypeolella sp., on leaves of Mikania

capensis, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, Doidge [17163].

Mycelium delicate, pale fuscous or olivaceous, without hyphopodia, composed of hyphae

2-3 u thick, which branch and anastomose irregularly and closely invest the hyphae of the

host. Perithecia scattered, spherical, somewhat papillate, but without a tyvical ostiole,

subverrucose, brown, 100-120 » diameter, wall consisting of irregular, polygonal cells,

6-10 u. diameter; asci eight-spored, paraphysate, narrow cylindrical or obclavate, thin-

walled, rounded but not thickened at the apex, 40-50 x 13-16 »; paraphyses filiform ;

spores distichous, two-celled, constricted, smooth, fuscous, cylindrical or broadly ellipsoid,

broadly rounded at both ends, 11-13 x 5-6-3 yu, cells subequal and almost spherical, or

upper cell sightly broader and more broadly rounded than the lower.

Phaeostigme circumsedens, Doidge, n. sp.

Mycelium in (?) Asterina sp. v. (?) Clypeolella sp. parasiticum, mycelium (?) Astermnae

arcte circumsedens, ex hyphis tenuibus, fuscidulis v. olivaceis, 2-3 pv latis, dense intricatis,

ramosis et anastomosantibus, septatis compositum; perithecia sparsa, globosa, ostiolo

typico carentia, 100-120 » diametro, parenchymatica e cellulis, 6-10 » diametro, composita ;

asci paraphysati, fasciculati, anguste cylindracei v. obclavatae, 40-50 <x 13-16 u; sporae

distichae, 1-septatae, leves, fuscae, oblongae v. late ellipsoideae, utrinque late rotundatae,

11-13 x 5-6-3 pv, loculis subaequalibus v. loculo supero paullo latiore.

Hab. in foliis Mikaniae capensis, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, leg.

Doidge [17163].

115. Chaetostigmella capensis, Doidge.

Syn. Phaeodimeriella capensis, Doidge (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Africa, V, p. 719, 1917,

Plate LVIII, fig. 8).

On leaves of Apodytes dimidiata, Knysna, Cape Province, 3.6.12, Pienaar [2426].

° The genus Chaetostigmella has been established by Sydow (Ann. Myc., 1917, p. 199)

for the species with paraphyses, formerly assigned to the genus Phaeodimeriella. The

mycelium of Ph. capensis was incorrectly described (Joc. cit.) as having hyphopodia. The

hyphopodiate mycelium is that of an Asterina, on which the Chaetostigmella is parasitic.

Ch. capensis has abundant hyphae, 2-3 p thick, which are at first fuscous, then brown,

closely investing the hyphae of the host, branching profusely and forming a dense network

between the hyphae of the Asterina.

114. Chaetostigmella asterinicola, Doidge.

Syn. Phaeodimeriella asterinicola, Doidge (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Atmea, VIL, p. 115,

1920).

This species, having paraphysate asci, must also be assigned to the genus

Chaetostigmella.

epal

115. Phaeodimeriella plumbea, n. sp.

Parasitic on Asterina gerbericola, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, Doidge

[17176].

Mycelium well developed, closely investing the hyphae of the Asterina, and forming an

open network between the hyphae of the host; mycelium greyish-green, younger hyphae

almost hyaline, very slender, 1-2 » thick, branching irregularly ; perithecia numerous,

black, globose, 80-100 » diameter, with a crown of 6-12 setae; setae straight, brown,

3-5-5 w thick at the base, tapering to an acute apex, 55-70 u long; asci numerous,

aparaphysate, fasciculate, eight-spored, ellipsoid, sessile, 36-5-43 x 10-13-3 4%; spores

distichous, brown, narrow-ellipsoid, 13-3-15 3-3-3-5 wu, upper cell somewhat broadened

just above the septum, giving the effect of a slight constriction at the septum.

Phaeodimeriella plumbea, Doidge, n. sp

Mycelium hyphas Asterinae dense amplectens, ex hyphis plumbeis v. viridulis,

{2 » erassis, tenuibus, dense reticulatis, ramosis et anastomosantibus, septatis compositum ;

perithecia superficialia, atra, 80-100 pz diametro, setis 6-12 coronatis ; setis rectis, brunneis,

basim 3-5-5 yw crassis, ad apicem acutem attenuatis, 55-70 yu longis; asci numerosi,

fasciculatis, aparaphysati, octospori, ellipsoidei, sessiles, 36-5-43 10-13:3 u; sporae

distichae, anguste ellipsoideae, 1-septatae, brunneae, leniter constrictae, locula supero

latiore, 13-3-15 X 3-3-3-5 u.

Hab. in foliis Gerberae cordatae, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, leg.

Doidge [17176].

116. Rizalia confusa, n. sp.

On leaves of Olea capensis, Storms River, 15.5.23, Doidge [17172]; Assegai Bosch,

16.5.23, Doidge [17233].

On Olea Pegleri, Kentani, 6.5.15, Pegler (Pegler No. 2316) [9072] (immature).

Hypophyllous, forming very numerous, minute olivaceous or rusty-brown spots ;

these soon become confluent and cover large areas of the leaf-surface. Mycelium variable :

there is a delicate mycelium composed of fine, pale fuscous hyphae, barely 1 » thick, which

branches and anastomoses to form an irregular network and produces conidia and erect,

stouter hyphae. The conidia are pale fuscous, 4-7-septate, narrow clavate, 30-40 u long,

3°5-5 w broad at the rounded tip, tapering to a thickness of 1 » at the base. The erect

hyphae |(?) setae] are coarser, dark-brown, septate, obtuse, 3-3-5 » thick and 60-100 »

long. The fine mycelium apparently gives rise to the coarser, darker mycelium, which

produces the perithecia. This consists of abundant, straight, olivaceous or brown hyphae,

3-3°5 w thick, without hyphopodia, branching and anastomosing irregularly and with

some semi-erect branches. The perithecia are numerous, black, spherical with a rough wall,

80-100 u diameter, bearing a few short, more or less erect hyphae, which are irregular in

size and number. The lower half of the perithecium is surrounded by a tangle of hyphae.

Asci few in each perithecium, eight-spored, sessile, aparaphysate, ovate or broadly clavate,

thin-walled, somewhat thickened round the apex, 40-50 x 23-24 u. Spores parallel,

two-celled, narrow-cylindrical, not constricted, hyaline, not tapering to the rounded ends,

23-24-5 x 6-5-8 uv, cells equal or subequal.

Rizalia confusa, Doidge, n. sp.

Hypophylla ; mycelium bene evolutum, ex hyphis olivaceis, 3-3-5 u crassis, ramosis,

anastomosantibus, ahyphopodiatis compositum, setis erectis v. suberectis nonnullis ;

perithecia numerosa, basi mycelio suffulta, extus setis paucis, atris, irregulariter obsita,

globosa, carbonacea, 80-100 u diametro; asci pauci in quoque perithecio, octospori,

aparaphysati, sessiles, ovati v. late clavate, apice leniter incrassati, 40-50 x 23-24 p,

sporae parallelae, medio septatae, cylindraceae, haud constrictae, hyalinae, utrinque

rotundatae et haud attenuatae, 23-24-5 x 6-5-8 u.

Hab. in foliis Oleae capensis, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, leg. Doidge

[17172].

242

117. Theissenula Woodiana, Doidge.

Syn. Zukalia Woodiana, Doidge (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Africa, VIII, p. 114).

On leaves of Celastrus albatus, Winkle Spruit, Natal, 20.5.15, Doidge [9008]; Durban,

22.7.15, Medley Wood [9061].

The genus Zukalia, which was originally described as a “ Meliola hyalophraqmia,”

has been merged by Theissen and Sydow, in their recent revision of the Perisporiales, in the

genus Chaetothyruum (Ann. Mye., XV, p. 477). An examination of the fungi classified

under the genus Zukalia in the cryptogamic section of the National Herbarium shows that

neither Z. Woodiana nor Z. parenchymatica can be placed in the genus Chaetothyrimm :

Z. Woodrana very closely resembles the type species of Theissenula, from which it differs

chiefly in the occasional presence of 5-septate spores.

Hypophyllous, forming rusty-brown spots 10-15 mm. diameter; these are frequently

so numerous as to coalesce and form continuous irregular brown patches. Mycelium

fuliginous, tangled at the centre of the spots, radiating towards the circumference. Hyphae

not hyphopodiate, about 3 u thick, copiously branched. Conidia not observed. Perithecia

numerous, crowded in irregular groups, superficial, globose, 95-115 yu diameter ; perithecial

wall at first parenchymatous in appearance. Asci aparaphysate, several in each

perithecium, eight-spored, ellipsoid or ovate, briefly pedicellate, 30-40 x 13-17 ». Spores

hyaline or yellowish, subdistichous or parallel in the ascus, narrow ellipsoid or subclavate ;

at first subequally 1-septate, later 3-septate or occasionally 5-septate, 18-24 x 4-5y. The

spore readily falls apart at the medial septum.

118. Parenglerula Macowaniana (Thiim), v. Hohn.

Frag. zur Myk., X, No. 525, in Sitzurgsber, der Kais Akad. d. Wiss. in Wien. Math.

Nat., KI. CXIX, 1, p. 465, 73, 1910.

Theissen, F., Mykologische Abhandlungen. Verk. Zool-bot. Gesellsch. Wien.,

LXVI, pp. 347-350, 1916.

Syn. Meliola Macowaniana, Thiim, Flora, LX, p. 204, 1877; Asterina

Macowamana, Kalch et Cke., Grevillea, VII, p. 57, 1878, EX, p. 33, 1880, with

diagnosis ; Syll. Fung., I, p. 41; Exsicc. Thumen. Myc. Ilinio., 568: Rehm.

Ascom. 395.

On leaves of Celastrus buxzfolius, South Africa.

On leaves of Celastrus buxifolius, Ashburton, Natal, 22.4.16, Doidge [9700]; Bedford.

Cape Province, 20.11.17, Doidge [10892]; Belmont Valley, Grahamstown, 15.11.17,

Doidge [10949]; Alice, Cape Province, 18.11.17, Doidge [10973]; Grahamstown, 4.6.19,

Britten [14213].

On Celastrus polyacanthus, Assegai Bosch, Humansdorp District, 16.5.23, Doidge

[17246].

On Elaeodendron capense, Van Stadens Pass, Cape Province, 13.11.17, Doidge [10890].

On Cassine capensis, Van Stadens Pass, Cape Province, 13.4.17, Doidge [10885].

On Scolopia Mundi, Assegai Bosch, Humansdorp District, 16.5.23, Doidge [17245].

I have not had an opportunity of examining the original specimens, but from

v. Hoéhnel’s description there can be no doubt that the fungi mentioned above must be

assigned to this species. The description is taken from that of v. Hohnel and Theissen ;

an examination of several recent collections entirely confirms their observations. -

Usually epiphyllous, forming black circular spots 2-3 mm. diameter, which are usually

so numerous as to become confluent, and large irregular areas are then covered by the

mycelium. In the specimen on Scolopia Mundii [17245] the mycelium forms larger spots.

up to 7 mm. diameter, and the leaf tissues underneath are discoloured to a yellowish-brown.

No such discoloration was observed on the Celastrus leaves.

Mycelium consisting of stout, dark-brown, septate undulating, coarse-walled hyphae,

6-8 p. thick, branching profusely, spreading in an irregularly radial direction and furnished

with numerous hyphopodia. Hyphopodia alternate or unilateral, unicellular, hemi-

213

spherical or irregularly oval, 6-5-14 » high and 6-15 » broad, having a light-coloured

circular pore in the upper portion.

Perithecia produced in great profusion, densely aggregated in the central part of the

mycelium, black, coarse, irregularly globular, very rough, almost tubercular, 50-120 p» in

diameter, and without a trace of an ostiole. They are poised on a slightly narrowed base

about 40 uw wide, from which the hyphae of the subiculum radiate. The perithecial wall

disappears at maturity, falling apart into separate cellular filaments, which surround the

asci and envelope them after the fashion of paraphyses. The asci and these filaments are

embedded in a stiff mass of mucilage, staining a dingy-violet with iodine, which secretes an

insoluble, dark-brown mass, which completely conceals the internal structure. The thin,

coarse skin thus produced disintegrates, in consequence of the swelling of the mucilaginous

content, into minute, irregular fragments often resembling cells, and thus simulates a

dark-brown perithecial membrane.

The mature perithecia contain 1-10 oval, thick-walled asci, four- to eight-spored,

broadly rounded above, constricted at base, 57-65 x 40-50 yu. The cellular filaments

representing the remains of the perithecial membrane dissolved by mucilaginous histolysis

are two- to four-septate, grey-brown to dirty-yellow, smooth-walled, not constricted at the

septa, obtuse, usually incurved, 20-45 «x 5-7 u. They form at first a closed perithecial

sheath, but are soon forced asunder, giving way to the outward pressure of the mucilage,

which then forms a hardening coarse crust over the original membrane.

Spores bicellular, elongated ovoid, rounded at both ends, thick-walled, at first covered

with a thin mucilaginous sheath, remaining hyaline for a long time, then turning dark-

brown, 25-32 x 13-5-15 u. The transverse wall is situated below the centre, one cell

being 15-5-18 uw and the other 12-15 » long; the position of the wall is therefore more

variable than is indicated by v. Hohnel or Theissen. The upper cell is 12-15 u. broad,

and the lower 8-5-13 u.

119. Capnodium citricolum, McAlp.

Proc. Linn. Soc. of New South Wales, 1896, Part IV, p. 491.

Syll. Fung., XIV, p. 476.

On twigs of Citrus sp., Karreekloof, Lydenburg District, 24.7.19 [12313].

Effuse, black, crustaceous, covering the entire surface of the affected parts ; some of

the hyphae creeping, greenish or hyaline, copiously branched, septate, 6-8-5 pw thick,

ascending branches short, simple, septate, bearing conidia which are hyaline or pale-greenish,

continuous, uni- or biseptate, spherical, oval or elliptical, slightly constricted,

7-5-24 x 4-11 p, sometimes moniliform ; other hyphae are dark-coloured, greenish-brown

or almost black, very frequently septate, constricted, slightly or copiously branched, rigid,

9-5-11 y thick, bearing brown conidia, which are mostly elliptic, uniseptate,

75-16 x 5-5-8:5 u. Perithecia and pycnidia are intermingled, opaque, black, oblong,

oval, flask-shaped or club-shaped, 112-250 x 52-112 yu. Asci cylindrical to clavate,

subsessile, rounded at the apex, four-, six- or eight-spored, 70-80 x 19-20 yu. Spores

brown, oblong, sometimes subfusoid, typically obtuse at both ends, constricted near the

middle, 5—6-septate, often with longitudinal or oblique septa, distichous, sometimes

tristichous, about 21-24 x 8-5-9-5 u. Paraphyses hyaline, often granulose, elongated-

clavate, 9-5 u broad at the apex, equalling the asci.

The description quoted above is that of McAlpine; this specimen agrees with it very

well, and is the only South African specimen of Capnodium in the National Herbarium on

which perithecia have been developed.

120. Trichothyrium elegans, n. sp.

On mycelium of (2) Asterina sp. on Cunonia capensis, Montagu Pass Road, George

District, 9.5.23, Doidge [17129]; Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, Doidge

[17186]; Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge [17220].

214

Kpiphyllous, parasitic on the mycelium of (?) Asterina sp. or (¢) Clypeolella sp., whicli

is so heavily parasitized that no thyriothecia are formed, and consequently cannot be

determined accurately ; mycelium not forming a continuous pellicle, but closely investing

the hyphae of the host, formed of delicate, pale fuscous hyphae about 3 u thick, branching

and anastomosing to form an open network between the hyphae of the host; hyphopodia

none: perithecia radiate in structure, orbicular, 160-170 uw diameter, flat, shield-shaped,

with a round central ostiole 15-25 » diameter, radiating hyphae 2-5-3 pw thick: asei

ovate-oblong or oblong, sessile, rounded and somewhat thickened at the apex, aparaphysate,

57-65 x 16-17.5 »; spores distichous or tristichous, clavate, l-septate, not or very slightly

constricted, hyaline, 20-23 x 6-5-8 u; upper cell shorter, broader, and more broadly

rounded than the lower, which tapers toward the lower end.

Soe

ASO

LILA

LPL TS

wee aan eesesN

Fig. 7.

Trichothyrium elegans.

Trichothyrium elegans, Doidge, n. sp.

Epiphyllum, in mycelio (?) Asterinae sp. parasiticum ; mycelio hyphas Asterinae arcte

circumsedente sed haud pelliculam continuam efformante, ex hyphis obscure fuscis, 3 pu latis,

‘amosis et anastomosantibus composito ; hyphopodiis nullis; perithecia radiatim oriunda,

orbicularia, 160-170 » diametro, brunnea, dimidiato-scutata, centro ostiolo rotundo,

15-25 p lato praedita, radiatim ex hyphis 2-5-3 » latis composita ; asci ovato-oblongi v.

odlongi, sessiles, apice rotundati et leniter incrassati, non paraphysati, 57-65 « 16-17°5 u ;

215

sporae distichae v. tristichae, clavatae, l-septatae, haud v. vix constrictae, hyalinae,

20-23 x 6-5-8 yu, cellula superiore breviore v. latiore.

Hab. in foliis Cunoniae capensis, Montagu Pass Road, George District, 9.5.23, leg.

Doidge [17129].

121. Trichothyrium robustum, n. sp.

Parasitic on mycelium of Meliola comata on Pyrenacantha scandens, Deepwalls, Knysna

District, 13.5.23, Doidge [17208].

Mycelium pale fuscous, ribbon-like, forming a continuous pellicle, completely clothing

the hyphae and hyphopodia of the Meliola, and extending for a short distance on either

side; ribbon-like thallus following the course of the hyphae of the host and branching

where its hyphae branch, somewhat lobed at the margin, the lobes corresponding in position

with the hyphopodia, 40-70 uw wide, formed of hyphae 2-3 yu thick, which are prosen-

chymatous in appearance, running longitudinally in the centre, and spreading out fan-wise

near the margin at an angle of about forty-five degrees. Perithecia very numerous,

Big. 8°

Trichothyrium robustum.

gregarious, flattened, round, produced on the edges of the ribbon-like thallus, 120-160 p

diameter, with a round, central pore, 13-17 » diameter, formed of radiating hyphae about

3 u thick, cells almost cubical: asci numerous, fasciculate, clavate or elliptic, sessile, eight-

spored, 30-40 x 13-16-6 u, paraphysate ; paraphyses not very numerous, hyaline, filiform ;

spores distichous, hyaline, 1-septate, clavate, slightly constricted at septum, 16-17 < 5-6-5 u;

upper cell shorter and broader, broadly rounded or somewhat acute at the apex: lower

cell tapering to the base.

Trichothyrium robustum, Doidge, n. sp.

Mycelium fuscum, mycellio hyphas Meliolae parasiticum vittis alternatim ramosis,

40-70 u. latis lobatis, lobis apice rotundatis, pinnatim ex hyphis, 2-3 y latis prosen-

chymaticis; perithecia ad marginem thalli numerosa, gregarie rotundata-depressa,

216

120-160 » diametro, ostiolo rotundo, 13-17 » dato praedita ; asci numerosi, fasciculati

clavati v. elliptici, sessiles, octospori, paraphysati, 30-40 x 13-16-6 wu; paraphysibus parum

numerosis hyalinis, filiformibus; sporae distichae, hyalinae, 1-septatae, clavatae, leniter

constrictae, 16-17 x 5-6-5 u, cellula superiore latiore et breviore.

Hab. in foliis Pyrenacanthae scandentis, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, leg.

Doidge [17208a].

Trichothyrium dubiosuwm affinis.

Actinopeltella, Doidge, nov. gen.

Omnia ut in Actinopeltis sed sporae hyalinae 1-septatae.

“yy

Fig. 9.

Actinopeltella nitida.

122. Actinopeltella nitida, n. sp.

Parasitic on the mycelium of Asterina Streptocarpi on leaves of Streptocarpus Reaxii,

Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge [17225].

Subiculum absent; perithecia scattered, fuscous, brown, lenticular-turbinate,

100-120 » diameter, about 50 » high, composed of radiating hyphae 2-5-3 p, thick, ostiole

irregularly round, 16-20 y. diameter, surrounded by a single crown of 6-10 stout, dark-brown

setae, spreading horizontally, up to 40 p long, 3-5-4 wu thick at base, apex acute ; _aSsCl

aparaphysate, delicate, narrow-obclavate, sessile, not thickened round the apex, eight-

spored, 40-50 < 10-13-5 w; spores distichous, hyaline, ellipsoid or subclavate, two-celled,

not constricted, rounded at the ends, 10-13 x 3-4-5 u, cells subequal, or upper cell slightly

broader.

tinopeltella mtida, Doidge, n. sp.

ae nullum ; perithecia a fusco-brunnea, rotundato depressa, 100-120 p

diametro, radiatim ex hyphis, 2-5-3 y crassis contexta, ostiolo rotundo 16-20 4 diametro

praedita, setis brunneis 6-10, usque 40 yu longis, acutis coronata ; asci aparaphysati, anguste

obclavati, octospori, 40-50 x 10-13-5 w; sporae distichae, hyalinae, ellipsoidae v. sub-

clavatae, 10-13 x 3-4-5 y, cellulis aequalibus v. supero paullo latiore. .

Hab. in foliis Streptocarpt Rex, Deepwalls, Knysna District, 13.5.23, leg. Doidge

{17225}.

123. Tripospora tripos (Cke.), Lind.

Engl. and Prantl., Die Nat. Pflanzenfamilien, 1, p. 413, 1897.

Fitzpatrick, Monograph of the Coryneliaceae, Mycologia,l2, pp. 232-233, figs.

22-25, 44, 45, 1920.

Syn. Corynelia tripos (Cke.), Grevillea, VIII, p. 34, 1879; TLrrpospora Cooke (Cke.),

Sace. in Berl. et Vogl. Additamenta Syll. Fung., p. 194, 1886.

217

On Podocarpus elongata, Hk., Somerset Hast, Cape Province, leg. MacOwan, Rabh.

Wint. Fung. Europaei 3150 [3490]; Pirie Forest, Kingwilliamstown, 10.1.14, District

Forest Officer [7355]; near Uitenhage, June, 1915, Paterson [9047]; Kingwilliamstown,

19.6.14, District Forest Officer [7816]; Van Stadens Pass, Cape Province, 13.11.17,

Doidge [10867]; Maritzburg, 1.2.21, Sim [14274].

Stromata bearing a compact cluster of perithecia, 0-5-1-5 x 0-5 mm., not irregularly

scattered, arranged definitely in rows and becoming confluent ; these rows reaching some-

times a length of 10 mm., but usually shorter, several rows frequently formed on the surface

of one leaf; perithecia occurring on the stroma in a compact cluster of 2-16 (usually 4-8),

and on isolated stromata radiating towards all sides, so oriented when the stromata form

a row that they point to the left and right, the appearance of the fungus thus becoming

regular. Young perithecium definitely flask-shaped, with a roughened, spherical to ovoid,

ascigerous basal portion and a long cylindrical, glabrous, shiny neck, which is rounded

at the tip and blunt. The neck of the perithecium in early stages provided with a canal

and marked at the apex with a minute umbilicus, but closed ; in later stages the apex of the

beak flattened to form a slightly convex disk, the diameter of which equals that of the

ascus-bearing portion of the perithecium; this disk becoming fimbriate-lacerate, and

assuming a reddish-brown, fuzzy appearance, finally definitely dehiscent, the margin

recurving, exposing the lighter-coloured inner wall of the neck of the perithecium, and

resulting in the formation of a broad, funnel-shaped cavity, the centre of which is usuaily

filled with a black mass of spores. Immature asci, 30-35 « 40-60 u; long-stalked, eight-

spored, ovate evanescent. Ascospores very characteristic, unicellular, star-shaped, consist-

ing of four (rarely five) conical, sharp-pointed projections, radiating from a rounded central

portion, hyaline, when young becoming dark-brown, at maturity opaque and nearly black,

' thick-walled, 22-34 py. diameter (measured from tip to tip of adjacent projections).

124. Corynelia fructicola (Pat.), v. Hohn.

Sitzber, Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 120, p. 450, 1911.

Fitzpatrick, Monograph of the Coryneliaceae, Mycologia, 12, pp. 240-241, figs. 20,

21, 1920.

Syn. Corynelia carpophila, Syd., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 45, p. 264, 1920.

On fruit of Myrsine melanophleos, Woodbush, Zoutpansberg District, 5.8.11, Doidge

[1736]; Kentani, Cape Province, 5.10.12, May, 1913, and 3.6.14, Pegler [5617, 6621, and

7795]; Tugela Valley, near Mont aux Sources, Natal, 15.5.20, Doidge [14121]; Duncairn,

near Maritzburg, 13.7.21, Doidge [14865]; Greytown, Natal, 16.2.22, Doidge [15410].

Stromata fructicolous, pulvinate, black; usually rounded, often laterally confluent

to form an extensive effuse, black crust, which partially or completely envelops the fruit ;

individual stromata 1 mm. or less in diameter, covered by a crowded cluster of perithecia,

frequently showing many stages of development on a single stroma; perithecium

resembling closely that of Tripospora tripos, definitely flask-shaped, with a spherical to

ovoid, ascigerous, basal portion, and a long, narrow-cylindrical neck, rounded and blunt

at the apex. The neck of the perithecium provided with a canal and in early stages marked

at the apex with a minute umbilicus, but closed : in later stages the apex broadened to form

a wide, slightly convex disk, the diameter of which equals or exceeds that of the basal

ascigerous portion: this disk becoming fimbriate-lacerate, and assuming a reddish-brown,

fuzzy appearance, finally dehiscent, the margin recurving, forming a funnel-shaped opening,

and exposing the lighter-coloured inner wall. Asci ovate to clavate, long-stalked, thin-

walled, evanescent, eight-spored, aparaphysate, 11-14 « 20-25 ». Ascospores when young

hyaline, smooth, and by mutual pressure polyhedral; at maturity spherical, brown,

thick-walled, echinulate, unicellular, 6-5-10-5 yw in diameter. Pycnidia seated on the

stroma among the perithecia more or less globose, black ; pyenospores hyaline, elongated

to allantoid, 4-6 x 1p.

218

125. Corynelia uberata, Fr.

Ex Acharius Systema Mycologicum, 2, p. 535, 1822.

Fitzpatrick, Monograph of the Coryneliaceae, Mycologia, 12, pp. 247-251,

figs. 13-18, 1920.

Syn. Corynelia clavata (L.), Sacc. in R. Pirotta, Osservazioni sopra alcuni funghi :

Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano, 21, pp. 312-317, 1889.

On Podocarpus latifolia, Endl., Grahamstown, 13.7.1907, on fruit [493]; Natal,

Medley Wood (Wood No. 3203) [11206]; Woodbush, Zoutpansberg District, 4.8.11,

Doidge [1770]; St. James, Cape Province, 22.12.12, Pole Evans [5572]; Grahamstown,

Burtt-Davy [5580]; Kingwilhamstown, 19.6.14, Sun. [7815]; Keiskama Hoek, 26.3.15,

District Forest Officer [8970]; Umtata, Cape Province, 13.5.16, Peeler [9739]; Deepwalls,

Knysna District, 13.5.23, Doidge [17204].

On Podocarpus elongata, Hk., near Somerset Hast, MacOwan, Rabh. Wint. Fung. Eur.

3149 [3489]; Woodbush, Transvaal, March, 1910, Gray [885]; Berg River, near Wellington,

Cape Province, 8.11.10, Doidge [1743]: Pirie Forest, Kingwilhamstown, 10.1.14, District

Forest Officer [7354]; Kinewilliamstown, 7.2.14 (on fruits), District Forest Officer [8258] ;

Keiskama Hoek, 26.53.15, District Forest Officer [8971]; Keiskama Hoek, 30.5.15 (on

fruits), Keet [14141]; Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23, Doidge [17165].

On Podocarpus falcata, Eshowe, Zululand, 30.1.12, Pole Kvans [2027]; Kentani,

Cape Province, July, 1913, Pegler [6900]; Ngome, Cape Province, 21.3.14, Foster [7410].

Stromata scattered, infrequently confluent, more or less definitely circular, 1-3 mm.

in diameter, chiefly hypophyllous, but often amphigenous, caulicolous and fructicolous,

not usually erumpent before the limitation of the perithecia, in section homogeneous and

black or dark-brown, externally dull-black and minutely roughened, bearing finally a

crowded cluster of 20-50 or more perithecia. Perithecia first making their appearance

through the ruptured epidermis as hemispherical protuberances on the stroma, the

ascigerous cavity being partially buried and pure white within. The young perithecium

cartilaginous soon attaining a characteristically conical form, the apex smooth and shining,

the base rough and dull, later protruding farther and developing a cylindrical neck, which

becomes clavate by the pronounced enlargement of the tip. Perithecium at maturity

approximately 1 mm. in length, brittle, somewhat dumb-bell shaped, usually bent in the

narrow middle portion and appearing consequently inequilateral, this being especially

pronounced in those individuals borne at the margin of the stroma. The swollen apex of

the perithecium at maturity flattened and deeply cleft by one to several transversely

running furrows, the resulting ridges usually breaking into scales, giving the apex of the

perithecium a pronouncedly shaggy appearance, finally dehiscent along the line of the

middle furrow by a wide and deep slit, the two lips pulling apart and usually recurving,

thus exposing the ashy to brown inner wall. Asci ovate to clavate, long-stalked, thin-

walled, evanescent, aparaphysate, eight-spored, 20-26 x 34-44 yu. Ascospores when

young hyaline, smooth, and by mutual pressure polyhedral ; at maturity spherical, brown,

thick-walled, echinulate, unicellular, 9-14 » (mostly 12 ») in diameter. Pyenidia some-

times developed on the stroma; pycnospores elongated, 5-7 < 2 u.

126. Calonectria capensis, n. sp.

Parasitic on Irene Podocarpi on leaves of Podocarpus elongata, Storms River, Humans-

dorp District, 15.5.23, Doidge [17167].

Mycelium arachnoid, closely investing the mycelium of the Zrene and forming a network

between the hyphae of the host, dirty-white or yellowish to reddish, 1-3 u thick, creeping,

densely and intricately branched and anastomosing, usually co-extensive with the [rene

mycelium. Perithecia few, scattered, globose, 130-200 u diameter, membrane golden-

yellow, cells irregular-polygonal, 7-10 uw diameter. Perithecial setae rather numerous,

similar in colour to perithecial membrane, erect or suberect, straight or curved, not tapering,

apex blunt, septate, 100-130 » long, 5-6 wu thick. Asci numerous, fasciculate, eight-spored,

narrow-clavate or cylindrical, thin-walled, rounded at the apex, tapering to the base,

249

83-100 « 13-16 uw. Paraphyses numerous, filiform. Spores 5—-6-septate when mature,

hyaline, fusoid-clavate, straight or curved, occasionally subsigmoid, tapering more gradually

to the lower end, both ends obtuse, not constricted at the septa, 50-54 « 6-6°5 uw.

Calonectria capensis, Doidge, n. sp.

Mycelium in mycelio Irene Podocarp: parasiticum, arachnoideum, ex hyphis pallide

flavidulis v. rubris, 1-3 py latis, ramosis compositum ; perithecia pauca, sparsa, globosa,

130-200 » diametro, flava, contextu parenchymatico e cellulis polygonis, 7-10 py. diametro,

pilis rectis v. curvatis, obtusis, septatis, 100-130 » longis, 5-6 » latis; asci fasciculati,

octospori, angusti-clavati v. cylindracei, apice rotundati, 83-100 < 13-16 u, paraphysibus

numerosis filiformis; sporae hyalinae, fusoidae-clavatae, rectae v. curvatae, utrinque

attenuatae sed obtusae, haud constrictae, 50-54 « 6-6°5 u

Hab. in folis Podocarpi elongatae, Storms River, Humansdorp District, 15.5.23,

leg. Doidge [17167].

127. Phragmosperma Marattiae (P. Henn.), Th. et Syd.

Ann. Myc., XIV, pp. 450-451 (461).

Syn. Micropeltis Maratiiac, P. Henn., Hedwigia, 34, 1895; Sace., Syll. Fung.,

XI, p. 382.

On leaves of Marattia fraxinea, Winters Kloot, Natal, 15.7.11, Doidge [1632].

This fungus is taken by Theissen and Sydow (loc. cit.) as the type species of the genus

Phragmosperma of the group eu-Montagnelleae. The genus is characterized by single

perithecia, which are hall-immersed in the leaf-tissues, without a true stroma and without

an ostiole, the upper wall eventually breaking down. Asci eight-spored, aparaphysate ;

spores hyaline, with several transverse walls.

Phragmosperma Marattrae (P. Henn.), Th. et Syd., has single perithecia, which are

closely crowded and rhomboid, forming groups up to 5 mm. diameter, which are interrupted

by the nerves on which no perithecia are formed ; perithecia, 130-140 yp diameter, the upper

part breaking out to the leaf-surface, with a papilla but no ostiole, the upper wall eventually

breaking down; the wall is brown and formed of small cells. Stroma wanting, but

occasionally some contact hyphae may be detected between neighbouring perithecia.

Asci clavate, rounded or thickened at the apex, sessile, eight-spored, paraphysate,

50-70 x 12-15 u. Spores mostly parallel in a single bundle, straight or somewhat oblique.

tapering slightly towards each end, at first with a single medial septum, later each cell

becomes further septate, not constricted, hyaline, 30-38 « 3-4 u.

128. Phyllachora anthistiriicola, Syd., n. sp.

Stromata in folio decolorato evoluta, in utraque folii pagina, sed praecipue in superiore

visibila, irregulariter distributa, mox plus minus solitaria vel irregulariter ageregata,

mox et saepissime dense aggregata et paginam folii superiorum fere crusta aterrima

obtegentia, singula $-1 mm. longa, confluendo haud raro longiora, in epiphyllc convexa,

in hypophyllo plana et saepe tantum e stromate sterili contraposito vel clypeo epidermali

constantia : clypeo epiphyllo aterrimo, 20-30 u crasso ; loculi pauci in singulo stromate,

200-350 y lati, 175-200 u alti, plerumque # folii crassitudinis rarius totam crassitudinem

occupantes ; asci cylindracei, 70-80 x 12-16 u, paraphysati, octospori ; sporae 1—2-stichae,

oblongae, plerumque obtusae, continuae, hyalinae, 11-16 « 7-9 u; conidia simul praesentia

filiformia, recta vel curvata, hyalina, 12-154 UL.

Hab. in fohtis Anthistiriae imberbis, iWeaellic tyres Transvaal, 23.3.12, leg. Van der Bij]

[2196].

129. Phyllachora Chrysopogonis, Syd., n. sp.

Stromata amphigena, per totum folium pallide decoloratum plus minus aequahter

dispersa, solitaria, vix confluentia, elliptica 5-1 mm. longa, convexula, 2-4 locularia, clypeo

unilaterali aterrimo ca. 25 ». crasso ; loculi applanati, 300 420 wv lati, 130-170 u alti, 2 2 folit

220

crassitudinis occupantes, parietibus brunneis, 15-20 p crassis; asci cylindracei copiose

paraphysati, 65-85 x 10-14 pu, octospori; sporae plerumque monostichae, oblongae,

utrinque obtusae, continuae, hyalinae, 12-15 x 7-8 yu. ;

Hab. in foliis Chrysopogonis monticolae, Armandsvlakte, Vryburg, 25.10.15, leg.

Pole Evans [9302].

130. Phyllachora Digitariae, Syd., n. sp.

Stromata in utraque folii pagina indistincte decolorata conspicua, elliptica, }-1 mm.

longa, raro confluentia, leniter convexa, parum nitidula, clypeo epidermali amphigeno

20-30 u crasso, 1-4 locularia ; locul totam folii crassitudinem occupantes, 150-200 y lati,

usque 175 yu alti, pariete 20-25 crasso ; asci cylindracei, breviter stipitati, 50-65 x 9-14 up,

copiose paraphysati; sporae monostichae vel in superiore asci parte distichae, late

ellipsoideae usque subglobosae, continuae, hyalinae, 8-10 x 7-8 uy.

Hab. in foltis Digitariae Smutsu, Irene, Transvaal, 1922, lee. S. Smuts [17017].

131. Phyllachora Doidgeae, Syd., n. sp.

Stromata amphigena, irregulariter dispersa, discreta, elliptica, 3-1 mm. longa, con-

vexula, 1-4 locularia, clypeo epidermal 30-40 pu crasso aterrimo; loculi totam fol

crassitudinem occupantes, 300-400 » lati, 200-300 u alti, parietibus 10-15 pu crassis ; asci

cylindracei, 80-100 12-16 u, copiose paraphysati; sporae monodistichae, oblongae,

plerumque late rotundatae, continuae, hyalinae, 14-18 x 8-10 »; loculi coniduferi simul

praesentes aequales, sed plerumque minores, 175-250 w lati, 140-170 p» alti; conidia

oblonga vel oblongo-fusoidea, utrinque obtusa vel leniter attenuata, continua, dilute

fuscidula, 8-12 x 2-3 yu, basidiis nullis.

Hab. in foliis Andropogonis ceresraeformis, Durban, 7.7.11, leg. Doidge [1612];

Edendale, Natal, 26.12.11, leg. Doidge [1998].

132. Phyllachora Leptocarydii, Syd., n. sp.

Stromata plerumque in utraque folii pagina visibilia, per folii superficiem plus minus

aequaliter distributa, 4-3 mm. longa, in epiphyllo convexula in hypophyllo plana et fere

semper e stromate contraposito sterili tantum constantia, pauci (1—3)-locularia, clypeo

epiphyllo aterrimo, 20-30 » erasso ; loculi, 100-140 yu lati, 90-120 pw alti; circiter 3? folii

crassitudinem occupantes, pariete tenui, 10 yw crasso; asci cylindracei, 50-60 « 7-11 p,

octospori, paraphysati; sporae monodistichae, ovatae vel ellipsoideo-ovatae, continuae,

hyalinae, 7-10 x 5-6 wu.

Hab. in foliis Leptocarydi Vulprastri, Sydenham, Natal, 1914, leg. Franks [7814].

133. Phyllachora Winkleri, Syd.

Ann. Myc., X, 1912, p. 80; XIII, 1915, p. 456.

On leaves of Paspalum scrobiculatum, Quelimane, Mozambique, 1908, Howard [648].

Stromata convex, elliptic or oblong, often confluent, 1-3 mm. diameter, with a rough

surface, lying between the vascular bundles and the upper layer of cells ; the space between

the bundles and the upper epidermis being filled with a perpendicular. prosenchymatous,

palisade stroma, which distends the leaf to double its normal thickness. Loculi not

nuraerous, fusing with the epidermal clypeus; in transverse section they are 340 wu in

diameter and 180-200 uw high; in longitudinal leaf-sections they reach a length of 700 p ;

the wall of the loculus is sharply differentiated, brown, and in most cases formed of con-

centric layers of very small hyphae, 24 ». thick. Asci cylindrical, 80-120 x 11-16 p, briefly

stipitate. Spores monostichous, broadly elliptic, one-celled, hyaline, 14-17 x 12-19 u.

Paraphyses numerous, thread-like.

This species was originally described as occurring on Paspalum scrobiculatum, m

German Hast Africa.

221

134, Phyllachora sanguinolenta, Theiss. et Syd., var. microspora.

Ann. Myc., XIII, 1915, p. 455.

On leaves of Panicum minus, Bloemtontein, April, 1917, Potts [11307].

Stromata thickly scattered on both leaf-surfaces, convex, somewhat shiny, elliptic,

3-1 mm. long. Epidermal clypeus 20 u thick. on one or both sides of the leaf. Where

the stroma is on only one side of the leaf, the loculi are elliptic, occupying two-thirds of the

thickness of the leaf ; they are numerous, and there is a stroma connecting the upper parts

of the loculi. When two stromata occur on opposite leaf surfaces the loculi only reach

to the middle of the leaf, and are more spherical, 240 » diameter; the locular walls are

thin and brown. Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, briefly stipitate, 60-70 x 10-14 u. Spores

obliquely monostichous, sometimes distichous, elliptic, hyaline, one-celled, 8 x 5 u.

This is another tropical African species, originally collected on an undetermined grass

in the Congo.

135. Phyllachora Brachystegiae, n. sp.

On leaves of Brachystegia sp., December, 1917, Salisbury, Rhodesia, Eyles [11680].

Stromata minute, epiphyllous, circular or broadly elliptic, black, convex, somewhat

shiny, penetrating through the leaf and becoming visible on the lower surface. Hach stroma

has a single loculus, which is flattened-spherical, 350-370 u diameter, 240-290 yw high,

occupying the entire thickness of the leaf. Wall of the loculus light-brown, about 10 » thick.

Clypeus developed in both the upper and the lower epidermis, 400-500 u in diameter. Asci

paraphysate, cylindrical, eight-spored, 100-120 « 13-16 u. Spores monostichous, occasion-

ally subdistichous, one-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, somewhat more rounded at one end than

the other, 16-5-17 « 6-5-7 u; conidia hyaline, filiform, curved, 16-20 x 1 uw.

Phyllachora Brachystegiae, Doidge, n. sp.

Stromata minuta, rotundata vy. late elliptica, atra, convexa parum nitidula, in

hypophyllo etiam perspicua; loculum tantum unicum, subglobosum, 350-370 yp latum,

240-290 uw altum, totem fol crassitudinem occupans, pariete tenue 10 uw crasso, clypeo

epidermale amphigeno; asci paraphysati, cylindracei, octespori, 100-120 x 13-16 py;

sporae monostichae v. distichae, hyalinae, continuae, ellipticae, 16-5-17 x 6-5-7 u;

conidia hyalina, filiformia, curvata, 16-20 x 1 u.

SOUTH AFRICAN GRAMINEAE.

GRASSES CF THE TRANSVAAL AS REPRESENTED IN THE

NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

By Sypney M. Srenr.

Tur Transvaal may be divided broadly into three climatic areas each with various

edaphic conditions and a corresponding flora. The South-Western and Western portion

takes in part of the Karroo and the sand-veld of Bechuanaland. It consists of grass and low

scrub with scattered thorn trees. The climate is generally hot and dry ; the average rainfall

is from 15 to 25 inches. The dominant grasses of this region are xerophytic species of

Bragrostis (H. Lehmanmana, HE. Atherstonu, E. obtusa, HL. echinochloidea), Sporobolus Lud-

wigi, S. tenellus, Aristida spp., Themeda triandre, Digitaria errantha, var. stolonifera, Panicum

coloratum, Brachiaria nigropedata, Anthephora pubescens, Fingerhuthia africana, Enneapogonsp.

and Schmidtia sp. The two latter are peculiarly characteristic of this region. Northwards

to the Limpopo and eastwards, passing above the Magaliesberg, to the Drakensberg i is the

warm and moist tropical and sub- tropical region; a great part of this is bush veld with

occasional stretches of open country developing into the savanna of the north. The annual

rainfall of this region averages from 15-35 ins., except along the Drakensberg range, where:

it rises to over 70 inches. The tropical genera of the Andropogoneae are abundantly

represented, the tall, coarse tambookie grasses and the sorghums, the dek-gras or thatching

erasses, as well as many of the finer species. Broad-leaved species of the Paniceae are domi-

nant in the bushveld area—Panicuwm maximum (Guinea grass), Brachiaria brizantha, Digitaria

spp., Selaria sulcata, Pennisetum cenchrordes, ete. The third region is what is known as the

High Veld, which extends along the southern border, taking in parts of Potchefstroom, Hei-

delberg, and Standerton, and north as far as Middelburg and the Magaliesberg range. The

winters in the High Veld are cold and dry, and it is subject to severe frosts ; the average

summer rainfall is from 25 to 35 inches. This region is practically all grass-veld, flat

and treeless. Panicum natalense is plentiful. Darnkean laevifolium, Setaria nagrirostris,

Themeda triandra, Hragrostis chalcantha, FE. curvula, E. plana, Sporobolus indicus, Hlhonurus

argenteus (a widely distributed “ sour” grass), iodine cristata, and Cynodon dactylon are

among the dominant species.

For arrangement and numbering of genera in the following list, 1 have followed Dalle

Torre and Harms in their Genera Siphonogarum. Where a genus has been created or revived

since the publication of that work, it has been placed next to that to which it shows the

closest affinity and given the same number with a distinguishing letter.

* Dr. Stapt’s work on the Gramincae of Tropical Africa (Prain’ s Flora of Tropical Africa,

Vol. IX), which is not yet complete, has been used, as far as possible, as a basis

for nomenclature. No synonymy is given except in cases where the name given differs

from that in the Flora Capensis; the synonym employed in this earher work is then added

in brackets. References to original descriptions are only given when the species is not

described in the Flora Capensis.

* Dr. Stapf, in his recent and not yet completed work on the grasses of Tropical Africa, has revived

a number of old genera and created a number of new ones. This paper is not the place for a critical

review of this work, and I have, for present purposes. accepted it as a basis on which to build up my

classifications, though I do not in all cases agree with Stapf’s sub-divisions.

There is no doubt for instance that the genera Andropogon and Panicwm as defined by him in his

earlier work in the Flora Capensis were altogether too unwieldly, and contained a number of very heterogeneous

types, but in splitting these up into separate entities he has, I think, gone to the other extreme and he

has based some of his small genera on characters which I find to be inconstant or mutable, and often

unimportant. This question will, however, be discussed in a later paper.

223

Local names are given where they are known. For the agricultural notes I am

indebted to Mr. H. A. Melle, except where otherwise stated.

A revision of the South African species of the genus Hragrostis will be undertaken

later. For the purposes of this present Jist the species not described in the Flora Capensis

are identified by letters only.

Dr. J. Burtt-Davy, for ten years prior to Union, Government Botanist and Agrosto-

logist of the Transvaal, is responsible for the collection of the greater number of Transvaal

grasses in the National Herbarium. Hragrostis Burttdavii was named in his honour. Mr.

K. E. Galpin, formerly of Queenstown, but now of Mosdene, Naboomspruit, an enthusiastic

collector, has of recent years contributed very considerably to our knowledge of the grasses

of the Waterberg. The genus Mosdenia was so named after his farm, where it was collected ;

he has also been responsible for the collection of a number of new species, some of which

bear his name.

Lastly, I make my acknowledgments to General J. C. Smuts, world-famous statesman

and Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, who finds time in his hours of ease (and

he has not many of them) to interest himself in the study of botany as represented in the

flora of South Africa. Being a farmer as well as a politician, he is most keenly interested

in the grasses, and applies himself to stimulate and assist, in South Africa, more extensive

research work on this most important order.

Digitaria Smutsvi and Sporobolus Smuts are named in his honour.

The localities recorded in the following list are, with few exceptions, from specimens

in the National Herbarium of South Africa, all of which have been examined by me.

The exceptions are indicated by an asterisk (*) after the number.

T have included in the key all the South African genera, instead of confining it only

to those that occur in the Transvaal and narrowing the usefulness of the key to one

Province.

The key to the species will be prepared later. At the present time there is such

confusion between those of some of the larger genera that, until these have been revised,

it is impossible to work out a satisfactory key to the species.

8).

224

KEY TO THE GENERA OF SOUTH AFRICAN GRASSES.

. Spikelets not or dorsally compressed, falling from the pedicels entire, never more than

Z-Howered, perfect floret always: tWppekmoOsh eye eek emtse ts met een 2

Spikelets compressed laterally or scarcely compressed, 1-many flowered, glumes

usually persistent or subpersistent on the rachis after the fall of the flower—or

if the spikelets fall entire, then not consisting of 2 heteromorphous florets of

TsO NS Monee TS GOL OMAN, Gan cnocdorduscccgo ono UHC Oa DOU Oe CDS DNS 46

Valves and pales much more delicate in texture than the glumes, valves awned (except

in Urelytrum, Hemarthria, Elionurus, and Imperata)..................... 3

Valves similar in texture to the glumes or firmer, never entirely hyaline, occasionally

mucronate, but seldom long awned. (In Anthephora the lower glume is rigidly

coriaceous and longer than the valves, and in Melims the barren valve is finely,

sometimes long awned).).-..'). sein do Sakae Oe reat. poe rears 24

. Spikelets in pairs at least in the upper part of the raceme, one sessile or shortly

pedicelled! ands onexonyaslonperspedice leper rrta eter tr errr eee 4

Spikelets solitary, on filiform pedicels, arranged in lax racemes on the branches of

along narrow paniclemns tr idee: tue aee teem ee eerie XX. (')Cleistachne.

» Spikelets of ‘arraceme ralllialikesimnmsexa amd islorin) sien e ee el orier nee i eee 5

Spikelets ditiernmes im) Sex. (or plorms one 00. hess aera inet ler eee 9

, Spikelets; all’ pedicellled:...+..¢5.b:4cG Adgeee see ee Ok ase en baer Pan eens 6

Spikelets, ome sessile ‘andione spedicelled pyre nee at ene eer ae eee nenete

. Spikelets arranged in long solitary, binate or digitate racemes terminating the culms.

VIII. Trachypogon.

Spikelets racemosely arranged on the branches of a panicle..................

. Panicle contracted, spike-like, dense, with long silvery-silky hairs: spikelets not

ONTO: | Casas. SHES 8 eS ee ae en eer eres I. Imperata.

Panicle much branched, large, often somewhat contracted but not spike-like, greyish

OF Teyayy yalllomsy Soleo Qywielescosccasoocscsosvsn seve Il. Miscanthidium.

Racemes binate or digitate or subdigitate at the ends of the culms or the branches,

villose with greyish or tawny hairs, spikelets awned............ III. Eulalia.

Racemes solitary, terminating the culms and their branches, joints and pedicels

fused, forming semi-cylindrical internodes, which are excavated on the inner

face for the reception of the sessile spikelets. Spikelets not awned.

VII. Hemarthria.

Racemes solitary (at least in the South African species), terminating the culms and

their branches! . /272 Re CRA) A oe Re emigre tere Stance gra 10

Racemes 2” or more sewimec se perse er 5 0 ae chars arora mae Mens entceetess Seite it wae 16

. Racemes enclosed or partially enclosed in spathes..................-..-++---. 11

Racemes. nots subtended: bias pabheste- cau Mirai ernest etic na as 13

() The numbers before the names refer to the order of the genera in the following list. Those

without numbers have not been recorded within the limit of the Transvaal.

13.

14.

16.

21.

225

Lower glume of sessile spikelet with involute margins, not or obscurely keeled towards

A YOO. oat eit Cainer ee et nr ae 12

Lower glume of sessile spikelet with sharply inflexed margins ; 2-keeled, keels running

into teeth or mucros. Racemes slender; erect grasses usually tinged with red

ors brown Much wused! fon thatebing. .. ..).--s99) sees = XIV. Schizachyrium.

. Racemes bearing 6-8 fertile, short-awned spikelets, almost entirely enclosed in the

conspicuous brightly coloured, permanently cymbiform, spathes.

XVIII. Monocymbium.

Racemes much contracted, bearing | (rarely 2) fertile long-awned spikelet, the lower

sessile florets approximating so as to form an involucre round the upper one.

“ TNOOIETHS APNOEA S -:5cls ‘on Gtalk ee ie XXI. Themeda.

Lower 3-10 pairs of spikelets homogamous, 3, the sessile of the upper pairs 9 or ¢ ,

usually becoming dark brown, with a long hirsute twisted awn. ‘ Speargrass.”

IX. Heteropogon.

Allipairsotespikelets heterogamous: << see wicccc- 2 2 de cee cre vedo sete ae ne es 14

Valve of fertile floret bilobed and awned. Lower glume of sessile spikelet bidentate

with winged keels, pedicelled spikelets converging over the convex sides of the

raceme. Raceme curved, spikelets up to 16 mm. long. Tropical grass.

V. Sehima.

Walves Or saris nloreh SMe, MoH Oras done accve soo degodbiooocdoed sucGar 15

. Lower glume of pedicelled spikelet narrowed into a long squarrose awn, raceme long

amcleriod dian fyAy COALSEY SOUR IPTASS fais aiysveteis 6 ade Slaus Hee oye mee lg ace VI. Urelytrum.

Lower glume of pedicelled spikelet not long awned, racemes delicate and silvery

villous. Aromatic grass with narrow folded and usually flexuous leaves.

IX. Elyonurus.

Pedicelled spikelets 2, racemes arranged in a densely ferruginous hirsute panicle.

Eriochrysis.

Heaicelledespikeletsy gor Neuter OF SUPPEESSCO:. ye. ce cys ee eireye ye 2 iti

melavecmcuanion subtended) by a Spabhe: jo4- 6 2. ..cjs se oe we ose ce eso mela ots 18

INACOTAES SULATCIEGE lyr EN ROR o pac oho och One ante ee ena aoe ao poig canoe er 22

. acennas ChEMBA® Gre SMlachionigieoese ous close eee Oceebooe Opes douedaaomome 19

JRACSDOS [CMCC ie exc \ Gerd SS Eaeks Cee Ae HAI SO SBIG eG DIS ain Corie ence 21

. Fertile valve bilobed, racemes binate, digitate, or fascicled, joints and pedicels cuneate,

Holloweand: convex von the back. 2) eee a Loewe es IV. Ischaemum.

Fertile valve stipiform, joints and pedicels filiform..................-----+--- 20

. Joints and pedicels solid, racemes always with 1-2 homogamous pairs of spikelets

ONE TEOVES LOGS CIs ae Bee oo BE ETO, See RU Ee clepa eRe On ater Pere XIII. Dicanthium.

Joints and pedicels longitudinally grooved and hyaline in the groove, sometimes

with the lowest pair of spikelets homogamous.............. XII. Amphilophis.

Racemes reduce to three spikelets, one sessile, and two pedicelled which terminate the

branches of the culms, trio falling together from the thickened bearded tips of

(slave [OMG ES OE eg Gl MASS Se oe ea ee ee nee mer en ee Tenens XI. Chrysopogon.

Racemes lax, few jointed, arranged on the branches of large usually open panicles

X. Sorghum .

(Su)

26.

30.

31.

226

2. Lower glume of sessile spikelet with sharply inflexed margins, 2-keeled........ 23

Lower glume of sessile spikelet with involute and more of less rounded margins, awns

hirsute, racemes binate on slender peduncles, subtended by a reddish spathe

and collected into compound panicles................... XVII. Hyparrhenia.

Pairs of spikelets usually all heterogamous : racemes digitate or subdigitate, termin-

ating the culm and its branches, peduncles usually long exserted from their

MATARONW? MAROC ONIN, sooccaccanocnvagcsoevenocuuT devour XY. Andropogon.

Lowest pair of spikelets on the lower raceme, or on both racemes, always homogamous:

awns not hirsute; racemes binate, partially enclosed, or not very long exserted

from the reddish cymbiform spathe. Racemes collected into compound spatheate

often dense and contracted, panicles. Mostly aromatic grasses.

XVI. Cymbopogon.

inflorescence of digitate, subdigitate, or racemosely arranged Spike- like racemes 25

Inflorescence, an open, or contracted, or cylindrical, dense anc spike-hke panicle 37

Racemes very slender, cigitate or subdigitate or less often whorled, or scattered>

on a long common axis: spikelets muticous, nerves of the lower valve straight

and parallel, margins of the upper valva flat and hyaline, lower glume minute

OF SUP PEESSEM ys PMN Fite Mitre, cnn se he, aly Be nae cesta Ae SKK V, Digitaria.

Racemes digitate, or sub-digitate, or racemosely arranged on a long common axis ;

spikelets often mucronate, lower glume well developed, nerves of the valve and

glumes curved; margins of upper valve firm and inrolled................. 26

Racemes digitate or subdigitate, nerves of the upper glume and lower valve 5, the

outer nerves approximate and close to the margin; upper valve mucronate ;

upper glume and lower valve somewhat indurated; keels of the lower glume

sometimes fimbriate, winged; spikelets 4-6 mm. long. .XXVIIT. Alloteropsis.

Racemes racemosely arranged or panicled on an elongated common axis...... 27

Racemes very short (sometimes reduced to | spikelet), more or less sunk in the

hollows on the face of a dorsally flattened, rather wide, common rachis. Creeping

or prostrate perennial. The coarse couch grass of the Cape Province.

Stenotaphrum.

Xacemes variously arranged on a more or less triquetrous, or terete, rarely flattened,

Narrow, COMMON Tachisiiis)s\\.c:caci leew OE ee RES ee Oe IIE cree rare 28

. Lower glume of the spikelet very much reduced or quite suppressed............ 29

Lower glume well developed, from less than half to equalling the spikelet..... 30

. Lower glume reduced to a narrow membranous, or hyaline scale round the swollen

bead-like lowest node of the spikelet...................... XXX. Eriochloa.

Lower glume usually quite suppressed, rarely a minute scale, lowest node of spikelet

not swollen and bead-lke, upper glume convex, lower valve flat.

XXIX. Paspalum.

Spikelets with no definite orientation as regards the rachis.................. 35

Spikelets definitely orientated with regards to the rachis.................... 31

Spikelets with the back of the fruiting valve towards the rachis (abaxial)..... 32

Spikelets with the face of the fruiting valve towards the rachis (adaxial). Spikelets

closely appressed, typically 2-seriate, sometimes becoming 1-seriate.

XXXII. Brachiaria.

32.

33.

34.

30.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

4l.

42.

‘297

Upper valve obtuse, abruptly mucronate, or aristulate; glumes muticous or cuspi-

OP Coob AAR Oe 0 dbo. o nb 500 De 8 PROB DD Db On pe DE DEM IDIn Pr aria ODE na «to XXXI_ Urochloa.

Upper valve apiculate or obtuse; glumes often-distinctly cuspidate, or, like the

Peeevalves,, withecompressed, callous: tips a. tant et telis nee utero ae: eo ei 33

Fruiting floret gaping at the tip, owing to the slight recurving of the palea and

WEINIO SE MER c oOo ODOC Ronee OL Se mae cen a hob ne cea ee aan 34

Upper valve embracing the palea all along, glumes and lower valve mucronate, or

with distinct hirsute awns, that of the lower glume the longest.

XXXVIII. Oplismenus.

Glumes and valves with compressed callus tips or crests............ Acroceras.

Glumes and valves mucronate or shortly awned or at least cuspidate.

XXXII. Echinochloa,

Spikelets not subtended by an involucre of one or more bristles, softly hairy.

Leucophrys.

Spikelets subtended by an.involucre of bristles................0)0082.0..... 36

Involucre usually reduced to 1 bristle; spikelets in long slenderly peduncled spike-

like racemes, falling with the involucre. Glumes usually reduced to very small,

delicate, nerveless, or I-nerved scales.................-.3- XL. Pennisetum.

Spikelets arranged racemosely or in fascicles, on the branches and branchlets of a

narrow spreading or contracted panicle, often some of the spikelets without a

subtending bristle, bristles always persistent, glumes herbaceous, nerved.

XXXIX. Setaria.

Inflorescence a more or less dense cylindrical spike-like panicle............... 38

Inflorescence: an’ open: or contracted: panicles). 2/05. i ee le lec cee ene 42

Spikelets single or in clusters, subtended by 1 or more bristles, or surrounded by an

involucre of spinous bracts, or with the outer glumes indurated and forming a

SOMLOUSHIMVOLU CLE: ehh ete or Lat trortte site tite toe Maeno. en ED OE AEP os 39

Spikelets not subtended by an involucre of any sort. Upper glume with a curved

or gibbous or saccate back, lower valve similar, but with a flatter back, hence

the spikelet more or less oblique in profile. Spikes usually very dense and dark

COl Olin Cemmee cere yre ty memory ees ayattes eee ete cia at inicie hte scenshareaieyahs Sacciolepis..

Spikeletsesubtended: bys lor more Dristlesir ic oer. -) -tapele) sie, -cauei) -redousieucl = sasiaeyole> 40

Spikelets subtended by involucre formed of spinous bracts, or of the lower glumes 41

Bristles of the involucre persistent; glumes well developed and nerved; upper

valve finely pitted or rugose and very convex............ XXXIX. Setaria.

Bristles of the involucre deciduous with the spikelets, glumes small, delicate, scale-

like, often nerveless; upper valve more or less resembling the lower, smooth,

FANG, TOW Oye hi COMER. snes cetemino de obOmonn a codibooidd XL. Pennisetum.

Involucre composed of hard spinous bracts and deciduous with the enclosed cluster

Olaspikeletsssormmineg asp itvasem DULE 21s) 4 )cil-aicyle eco reiaciel) Cenchrus.

Clusters of spikelets with the upper glumes turned towards the centre, the acuminate

squarrose outer glumes contiguous at the base, and forming a spurious involucre

LOUNG HH erdecidUOUs! CLUSLEK sma nitit ences ss oye: XXII. Anthephora.

Tips of upper glume and lower valve notched or bilobed, often with a fine awn?

lONy@e. talinene- sTUbTECS Sead eg Bios Bo.d oO ODO MOOS OEE COO OS ONS Sen eee 43

Tips of glumes and valves entire, lower glume well developed (small and hyaline

PSC CLOLE DS) ceencn et tet cee pan nM encanto eM aieinyets acc creeks ein se ee vee es

44,

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

Bb.

228

Upper glume and barren valve 5-nerved, nerves faint and anastomosing below the

FEF ODUHSE: GUPSs,5.a 5 65t betelovere aerate tats Jo tos ole Wie lee nla nee Bla fos oe eNO as coger tine PRA Oreter

Upper glume 7-, barren valve 5-nerved, neryes prominent and not anastomosing

below the acute tips, barren valve usually finely awned.. Bas XVO . Melinis.

Upper glume and barren valve gibbous and long silky hairy....XX XVI. Tricholaena-

Upper glume and barren valye not gibbous, glabrous, or at most ghortly hairy.

XXXVIT. Xyochlaena.

Upper glume saccate (hence spikelets very gibbous), with 9-11 prominent rib-like

‘nerves, lower glume smal, hyaline...:..........:..........0 005 Sacciolepis.

Upper glume convex not gibbous, nerves not hardened and rib- like ; lower valve

equally convex, hence spikelet more or less symmetrical in profile.

XXXIV. Panicum.

Leaf blades never transversely veined, in South African species, nor articulated on

the. sheaths isvecescsecsscn ern BA EBiels coho Sle als Bas trek etpeiniieee. Hn ioeterse « 47

Blades transversely veined in South African species...................e000e- 139

Spikelets 1-flowered without barren valves or reduced florets above or below it (at

‘Teast in SOMIIN Cbouleyn HX) oeao0 Ido cldsccccdnscacocsevaccdgcG0cccDen 48

Spikelets more than A Howered. Soe. de ue ee eet eee 69

Inflorescence an open, contracted, or more or less spike-hke panicle........... 49

Inflorescence of solitary, binate, or umbellate spikes.....................5- 62

Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes and falling entire................. 50

Spikelets disarticulating above the ‘glumes.................:.:..0:ss..c005-- 51

Spikelets in clusters or sometimes solitary in a dense cylindric spike-like panicle, the

upper glume turned away from the rachis and with lines of short hooked spines

oni the prominent nenvyesse ia. ose) eee eee nee eeeeneee XXIII. Tragus.

Spikelets large, strongly laterally compressed, on the slender branches of an elongated

spreading or contracted panicle, glumes scale or bristle-like. Valves strongly

MEL VOG cre eR, WOR ITEAT LEE: See pia (Rin eee, ie PeeWee aR XLII. Oryza.

Valves unawned 2c.) i02 vieetra as scl leneng eee ee ena EIT ae ern aie eee 52

Valves lawned: oes e ees haere eee eee 55

Glues. well, developed cp. <tfcca: <icnsyscs heck dane eee GIES ee OS cata 53

Glumes reduced to an obscure hyaline, entire or 2-lobed rim; valve 5-nerved sub-

cartilaginous, keel and margins rigidly ciliate.............. XLII. Leersia.

Glumes equal or subequal, floret shorter than the glumes, spikelets light green 54

Lower glumes usually smaller, often much smaller, than the upper, floret longer than

the glumes, spikelets grey or greyish green, seldom gaping early.

L. Sporobolus.

Glumes closely 3-nerved at the base, valve faintly 7-nerved, finely silky villous; pale

subequal to the valve; ligule’a fringe of hairs. A very delicate, much dwarfed

perennial “with a scanty dax panicle: < vce sce s cece ee ot Poagrostis.

Glumes I-nerved, valve 3-nerved, glabrous or hairy (not silky), pale shorter than

the valve, ligule Mieaioranous CHS SF BS A tae EYER TE oa Seay LI. Agrostis.

Awa. from, the rbacie of: the wales... sic: antes scrs © icisiacrise teed enseieiees 56

Awn: trond the tip sOns TLOTM s|Gstis OClOW) sistalersct ener tietelen Tkre stern tie acer ice rete verete 58

Ser)

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

229

. Callus small and long hairy, hairs usually exceeding the valve. Spikelets about

_ 6 mm. long, straw coloured, shining, and crowded into a dense linear or linear

oblong, spike-like PATICL Cotas eersmsne nea costs cielo) 19> operon ga eects LI. Calamagrostis

Callus small, glabrous, or shortly hairy or minutely bearded................. 57

Glumes plumose, bristle tipped, panicle spike-like, compact, oblong, softly hairy

og Lagurus.

Glumes glabrous, often scaberulous, not bristle tipped; panicle glabrous, spike-like,

GP OMEN EC! IPSec sean edoe deco gave nehdsrodccHcooroodHuce 6 LI. Agrostis.

Glumes awned ; valve shorter than the glumes, very thin to hyaline; panicle con-

tracted, spike-like, and plumose from the fine awns and bristles. .... Polypogon.

Glumes occasionally rather long mucronate, but never awned................ 59

Awn 3-branched or 3-partite (very rarely simple), ligule a fringe of hairs.

XLVII. Aristida.

Awn simple, disuleshmempranOuss epee folds = -fe) <br> olay vel Sree ase ears 60

Awns rather coarse, kneed and strongly twisted below the knee, floret cylindric of

Minesrts oblong ii 0131 cpenororstctar sie enetal vers ene Seadtas Abeer Kester eet Stipa-

Acwanighraic ibis cobisi isis qr treats «BED DI 210 LORRAINE, PEAS I 61

Floret shorter than the glumes; valve convolute and more or less flattened from the

back, 5-nerved, with minutely bilobed tips; awn from the sinus, caducous.

XLVIII. Oryzopsis.

Floret exserted from the glumes ; valve involute and rounded from the back, 3-nerved

and continuous with the awn............0.....0000- XLIX. Pseudobromus.

DS plkesesolithariyarrpeepeceeee is ei sat Mele o 2 aycra.s ayo, >.< 510) ey spon aiaferarsunrencte als cane § 63

Spikesmpinaveworsdigitatersy cer iicic critics nile ycies re.s 0 ope sucesso ee eyes aot a oa 68

Glumes linear or linear lanceolate tipped by an awn, or subulate, or bristle-like 64

(CAITHNESS, THO RENT ANe lls 3 or Ged EE ean arog Geis Reece Ieee ee eee a 65

Spikelets in groups of 3 at the nodes of the rachis of a dense bristly spike, the two

lateral G or barren, the middle one 8; valve herbaceous, chartaceous, awned.

Hordeum.

Spikelets very small, solitary, on the rachis of a slender spike, awrs of glun es up to

ten times as long as the glume, and usually capillary and purplish, valve smaller

than the glumes and delicately hyaline...............5..2... XXV. Perotis.

Spikelets more or less immersed in the hollows of the rachis of a simple terminal

spike, lower glume reduced or altogether suppressed..............-+---- 66

Spikelets not immersed in hollows, lower glume present............-...-.-. 67

Upper glume 5-7-nerved, very rigid and acute ; valve hyaline acute, glabrous, finely

Sasereol > Gallniy Obes daabocdooeue on Cobo oouu oH oUene soo oe oe ouT Lepturus.

Upper glume 1-3-nerved, rigid except at the hyaline margins, valve hyaline, truncate

or minutely 3-toothed, 3-nerved, and hairy along the nerves, callus bearded.

. LXXXI. Oropetium

Spikelets arranged unilaterally on a flattened rachis, rachilla disarticulating above

the glumes, which are persistent or deciduous......... LVII. Michrochloa_

Spikelets arranged singly on minutely tomentose notches in spirals round a ribbed

and scabrid axis, from which they fall entire. Glumes subequal, lower boat-

Sugacamranduatal caterer areata eases ian ee XXIV. Mosdenia.

68.

69.

‘10.

72.

13.

74.

75.

76.

78.

19%

230

Mature spikelets tardily disarticulating below the glumes, valve l-nerved. Spikelets

12-14 mm. long on a triquetrous excurrent rachis. Spikes 1-3, yellowish.

Maritime *sorassest st eter emacs htm tte ce meentae oe enero Spartina.

Mature spikelets readily disarticulating above the glumes, the lower glume persistent.

Valve 3-nerved, spikelets about 2 mm. long on a slender-keelec not excurrent,

rachis. Spikes digitate or subdigitate...................... LVIII. Cynodon.

Spikelets arranged in secund spikes or racemes..............5....0...0000s: 70

Spikelets in open or contracted or spiciform panicles, or in spikes or racemes, but

not secund..)..... sifforiee osreela odé aacte-katede amie -4 bocere sacra 84

Spikes: solitary, terminatinio” the culmsit= Se REN See) wee eee ria

Spikes in umbels or variously arranged on a more or less elongated common axis 17

Valves animedi® S200it 2. 2.0all, Aoi OUR, VIGEAE EY | OAT Ai te eon RIE ee 72

Lower glume symmetrical, thin, keeled ; upper glume 2-3-nerved with a stiff short

awn from the middle; valve entire and awned just below the tip. Spikelets in dense

unilateral, usually curved Spikes yvsckc.-4ecieess docgaeaeeec a he LX. Ctenium.

Lower glume inequilateral, one side dilated below the middle into a tooth, lobe,

or wing. Upper glume entire, or notched below the mucronate or apiculate

tip, but not awned. Valve 2-fid and awned from the sinus or 4-fid with the

outer lobes awned. Spikelets rather remote on a slender furrowed rachis.

LXII. Tripogon.

Valves 7-nerved, navicular, finely tomentose in the lower half, with clavate hairs ;

spikelets\'2) ranked >s22 3.07 0. oe Glee: «ce eer eRe voc eee Brizopyrum.

Valves 8-nerveds: foes ices suecson can aaa ne pone at Tenn peg eam naman 74

Valves minutely bilobed, spikelets 2-flowered, dorsally and obliquely compressed,

glabrous, lower vloue! AcunLcpnaChe shes Oe beat hier renin cre LVII. Michrochloa.

Valves entire ai): vcr ts sacrintuesueo ment: Pee Say ee sce ae Chere acho ae 75

Upper florets crowded in a club-shaped body not exceeding the hermaphrodite floret

and enveloped by the valve of the lowest male floret ; valves white and densely

ciliate along the nerves.o1. on scum . «cero toe ne eae LIX. Harpechloa.

Upper florets "not as: shoven. (ae cetera sack Reenter inten crv patti ener 76

Spikelets in spike-like panicles that terminate the culms and their branches; glumes

not awned, keels cartilaginous, muricate pectinate. Ligule a line of hairs. |

Prionachne.

Spikelets unilateral on short slender spreading or deflexed spikes that are racemosely

arranged on an elongated common axis. Glumes awned, smooth. Ligule mem-

branotig 227 Se CON | ein ee Ae Ae enn EOE SREY ESE LXIII. Dinebra,

Spikes im umbels... osc puso ide chia e emer, cere 78

Spikes arranged on a (COMMON BadS 5 ee akc erties el ieee tee 81

Wallies. awed snes eons eee oS EAs ike Ee IRL Gi se ee ETO Re eenceReaaye 79

Valves" mot. ‘a waie disse ccc. cysts eee gay has ac ET AUR Peacocke eager sos 80

Upper glume mucronate or more often with a curved awn, tips of the rachis barren

and fonmins) a shan s MeO nme crue cei eer LXV. Dactyloctenium.

Upper glume obtuse or acute, and with a straight bristle or mucro, tips of tke rachis

HOt ¢ DALE Apia: sis/ase os crerayennhed « ohaheperchehat afl: ohcbetst eas fey oe nmneEsoms om Rest EUR « LXI. Chloris.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85.

86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

Ole

92.

93.

231

Glumes strongly keeled, 3-5-nerved, keel crested, spikelets greenish, 3-6-flowered.

LXIV. Eleusine,

Glumes rounded or flat on the back, upper shortly and obtusely bilobed, spikelets

LOW MISH D-H OWETCA secre <b ccace a.ctevait coopers cus) 3.45 douse Slengieresais « LXI. Eustachys.

[=Chloris petraea, Thunb., in list.]

SpicessBOLMinoaucompound! Spike. Fo. cede cine e csthe oye shop eg tt evnete wis Aus 82

Spikes or racemes arranged on the branches of a panicle.................... 83

Glumes and barren valves 1-nerved, fertile valves 5-nerved ; styles very short.

Tetrachne.

Glumes 3-5-nerved, barren valves 6-8 nerved, fertile valves prominently 9-11-nerved ;

RLV ESMAUOL yet LOU OMAN IOMY Pass once tales itera. oy ois uses gi ceaies ci ocam of ana oeere Entoplocamia,

Valves rigidly membranous, acuminate, quite glabrous; panicles long and narrow

with spreading, more or less curved, branches........L XXIII. Pogonarthria.

Valves obtuse, with broad hyaline tips and finely silky side nerves ; branches of

thempaniclemteweanduereCtn. ol, 1. . ss as cs cae eee eee ees LXXIV. Diplachne.

TiGAil®, 6) THINS Oi IEW To 2's ac cipierdtens cB u bicid ole enc Iceni eileen vee ONS Mineman ee 85

imienhe: mentpranousascaiOUs, OF Ny alines. ass. 2-2. 2... neces ves ern nn 105

Siceletse 2 showered meena rete cine sttece << st 3 ake eNahooe wee 86

Spikelets; moze than2-flowered:.¢: 15822 aaeees 2s. 2s FOUND, BOR 93

Fertile valve awnless, sometimes with a bristle-like mucro................... 87

Hettilepvaliviesvawme dh nyerinrrn tare: Gronietr. hee titans sso eee Senn, SERIE LER CRS 89

Panicle open with fine branches and shining straw-coloured or purple-tinged spikelets,

or if contracted into a spike-like panicle, then the lowest spikelets not corsisting

of a few empty glumes, and the valves not navicular with a submarginal line of

hainse OnE ccAChyISIdernie. ery dia ae - tes tude levies spesieeleis clos. «salts s/s AChMErIa,

iPAmiClesGense ly SplCMOR Mi peeiy.1 ai cle sts chao) <fane a Soc ajsiefesista oe ehela vais sees idtalhe a « 88

Spiciform panicle dense, compact, cylindric, never interrupted, greyish-green, often

tinged with purple, usually from 24-5 cm. long ; spikelets strongly laterally com-

pressed, lowest spikelets consisting of a few empty glumes; glumes long and

softly or rigidly ciliate along the keels........,....... LXXI. Fingerhuthia.

Spiciform panicle smaller with fewer less strongly compressed spikelets, often much

interrupted, no empty glumes at base of spike, glumes usually hispid with coarse

GUMenC lem MASe MANS eye peucte ever sieysreversus rays ofa rel cysy e) sien Cieyers wl sietee ols ois Ginie wets Lasiochloa,

MowermiloreteawMlessa Gy Ole barrens. serrcivecieleie sre o/s) axe cis,0;<feucccusuensyfosabe aieuepsr-kt ls 90

Both florets perfect............ FES OS OCH SESE OHO NS SECLEnE Le anon 92

Spikeletsmsalitary. ome disninct, pedicelsy ceil ria ccaveas a) 1-1 a/ise oleiacevefaiiainede see 91

Spikelets in clusters of threes, rather large—up to over 1 inch long ; valve of upper

florets 2-lobed, with a coarse-kneed and twisted awn from the sinus

LY. Tristachya,

Spikelets small, never more than 5 mm., valve of upper floret 2-setose, minutely

2-toothed or entire, awn sometimes reduced or absent....X XVI. Arundinella.

Spikelets from 4 mm. to 3°25 cm., upper valve always distinctly 2-toothed or 2-lobed,

AWaMElwayeikneceds wee marines secs cece tieces ce et LVI. Tricopteryx,

Ovary obovoid with a very dense, deciduous tomentum, consisting of branched hairs,

atethe top. = pikelets#l4—24) mm, TONG. eens bese cee ess: Pentameris.

Ovary oblong, glabrous, spikelets 2-12 mm. long.................... Pentaschistis.

WertilemevalvieselObed serine meer ce termine clog oterater i ietenis retusa slousave seals kesee b.e-e-a 94

Fertile valves entire or minutely lobed, notched or toothed.................. 98

94.

95.

96.

97.

98.

99:

100.

101.

102.

103.

104.

105.

106.

etiilel valves Oo Tobed mite ee oe es Se nO, eine pee ee 95

fertile. “valves, 4-O-lobed. “Sects Ceaser oR ene ee ey eee 97

Spikelets deciduous with the bearded upper part of the pedicel; rhachilla tough

above the glumes, but readily disarticulating between the valves; awn from the

sinus, kneed. Perennials, with flat soft leaves and narrow contracted panicle.

Chaetobromus.

Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves............ 96

Glumes not keeled, prominently nerved on the back, greenish with white hyaline

margins ; awn from the sinus of the 2-lobed valve, small and straight. Small

ESIMW EI copdiea soBbUOB vob rp oDobbaD Se boUcInGONOOBS On conboae0. sl o% Schismus.

Glumes keeled, often distinctly but not prominently nerved, usually straw-coloured

and shining; awn usually kneed and twisted ; hairs of the valve often gathered

into tufts or lines. Perennial, seldom annual.:................... Danthonia.

Fertile floret 1; valve cleft into 9 subulate awn-like lobes..LX VIII. Enneapogon.

Fertile florets, 3-5 ; valves cleft into four hyaline lobes, alternating with five straight

AWS) CANOULE CHE INSIMUSES ear tiele ney eeu Neer ered ere eee ae LXIX. Schmidtia.

Kertile: valves not ‘awned)...g.00 <se cee eee o ee ee Pe ree 99

Fertile valves “awnedtit io... POS, Aiea lS ee oie eee eee 104

Valves S-nerved.. «. say ccee tts wed tala ah. BO DM: «eal RSC ae ee ee 100

Valves more than S-nerveds 4) see concen net eee eee 102

Florets usually numerous and far exserted from the glumes ; glumes and valves cutire,

awnless, side nerves of the latter distant from the middle nerve and often skort ;

spikelets! usually: panicled) lyst 35-0 sit eee ee eles LXXV. Eragrostis.

Florets not, or shortly, exserted from the glumes; spikelets in a dense compact

cylindric: spike-like panicle +5 /5.).).2515 5s sees Sette een en soe ere ae 101

Spikelets jointed on and deciduous from the pedicels; glumes long and softly or

rigidly ciliate ; spikelets at the base of the panicle reduced to empty glumes.

LXXI. Fingerhuthia.

Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves, purplish, and

villous from soft grey hairs; no empty glumes at base of spike

LXXVII. Stiburus,

Glumes#lsnerved ji: .-bitt ocr ar ae ee eee cee LXXI. Fingerhuthia.

Glumes, 4—Tenerved she eee sates sje cheieiiaio oie rer tetete eter Renate rea eit ae 103

Spikelets 2-4-flowered, florets not exserted from the glumes; panicle spiciform,

dense or sometimes with spiciform branches; spikelets mostly hispid from short

coarse! tubercle -pusede stalls rar terete i i iieicnenae iets eter eine Lasiochloa.

Spikelets 4-9-flowered, florets distinctly, often far exserted from the elumes.

Brizopyrum.

Panicle ovoid, compact, very small, embraced at the base by the uppermost sheath,

deciduous from the terminal node, culms 3-6 in. long............ Urochlaena.

Panicle of subdigitate spiciform branches ; florets about 6, the lowest one or two 8.

the upper ones gradually reduced and embracing each other, forming a tuft of

STS eee eee eee astes coins ot eRe eR LXVI. Lophacme.

Spikelets always with 2 florets..... eek iad mess Elem niet rtpore 106

All or many of the spikelets with more than 2 florets... Dennen ee eet eee e eens 109

Spikelets of two kinds, the fertile surrounded by the sterile.............. Lamarkia.

Spikelets all alike..........ccee esse eee ec sete eect cs ee ee seweeeesereees ene 107

107:

108.

109.

110.

112.

113.

114.

115.

116.

LNG

118.

119:

120.

121,

233

Spikelets sessile, imbricate in a dense cylindric spike...................005 Secale.

ppikelets-in an open or contracted panicle...............2isleeodeeceees eeu 108

Spikelets disarticulating from the tips of the pedicels; glumes pectinate ciliate on

the keels, the lower 1-, the upper 3-, nerved; panicle usually contracted, occasionally

Brikeclike .biiwrert: attention tacdyoedl -torele arr, sens crey = wince Payee bagee te sonora eter tee LITI. Holcus.

Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves; glumes not

pectinate ciliate on the keels, both I-nerved ; panicle delicate, open, with capillary

Ran CHe Sin <cteey ae ecard. Spee Ra ae ep Mee aac rs lop ty ig EE A ak a Aira.

Wale ecro Nenvedan. tien et agssai « fyacry do aherth eldasherde «aerate decals ie adtydt 110

Walvesmmaore: (hamies-NeLyedic.s cnjcc-ceti tg ian ake Sot e ay Sa ooh eie oa Rae 115

Lowest floret 3 or barren, the rest 8; spikelets enveloped by long hairs that spring

from the long callus; panicle large, lax, and silky........ LXXII. Phragmites.

Wowest floret |S upper Gy barren or reduced. ifr cic = 2 iis) sq Fumenes- sieje- ie chord aets 111

Valves minutely toothed, or notched or occasionally entire, but not distinctly lobed 112

Wal GS. WOE! neioiene ioxeke pic oe or ult pore en RMEORE aCnCER eO REIN TORI a ae ee ane 114

Upper glume 3-nerved, lower l- or 3-nerved................. LXXVI. Koeleria-

Wppereandsl owervelumeset-MeTVed: cota ss ci... ues aot oe os wens tie es oes gota 113

Valves truncate with 4 minute hyaline teeth, mid-nerve excurrent into a fine bristle,

calllusmslendermandmacuterradrerscieciiets ace cic co cect oe catcia oi Leptocarydion.

Valve 2-toothed or minutely notched or entire, callus very small or wanting.

LXXIV. Diplachne.

Valves shortly 2-lobed, side nerves not excurrent, callus small hairy ; panicle spreading

or contracted, with simple branches on which the subsessile or shortly pedicelled

spikelets are appressed and rather far apart........... LXVII. Crossotropis.

Valves 3-lobed, the middle lobe more or less 2-fid and awned from the sinus, the side

nerves also excurrent into fine awns; callus slender, acute, and bearded.

LXX. Triraphis.

Spikelets enveloped by long hairs that spring from the back of the valve ; panicle

IerrC CMCOMMPOLEN Oe. rede tse pcionst ect Laat cs Scss,e + ite we ss LXXTIa. Arundo.

Bpikcletsmnotmenveloped byt long thalrses4 \fisls cds. tists 6d spenetayny aie die eye re yatere. aye a one 116

Lowest florets of the spikelet g or barren, or reduced.........5...........-. 117

Florets all perfect or uppermost reduced (in Cynosurus this applies only to the terminal

SpnikclepsmOlmu nem LaSClCle) gyi. co. seit Mayes oslo sas wig tspseg she inl de ie esas 120

Lower valves much larger than the upper fertile valve...................... 118

Lower empty valves reduced to minute scales.................. cece eee eee 119

Lower male or barren valves awned from the back, membranous and equal. A sweet

SOMTCG! GT c 5 ox bod ee eeBS 6 Ce ee One Dee aan XLVI. Anthoxanthum.

Lower barren valves awnless or awned from the tip, cartilaginous... XLIV. Ehrharta.

Glumes reduced to minute scales or to an obscure, entire, or bilobed rim. <A weak

CCG, BARN Se aloo OG bok Ua eee aera? 8 XLI. Potamophila.

Glumes large, enclosing the valves; leaves flat; panicle stiff and more or less spici-

OSTEO cae Ce aE eo Gere ROTTER CTE Ee Or Pee eee es XLV. Phalaris.

Lower 1-3 florets % , upper florets barren, embracing each other and forming a club-

MHEBTOSO! Chee ONC NER OCR CL Kar nas 0. ON BAO OO nOO ONTO me SONS Fo Corea ame Melica.

Upper valves not forming a club-shaped. body.................s0 sine e teens 121

Nalreswamwmedeiram)! the vback.i2t2. sual entice een). cetin mak altho oye ed 122

Valves awnless or awned from or near the tip or from the sinus.............. 124

122.

123.

124.

125.

126.

127.

128.

129.

130.

131.

132.

133.

134.

135.

136.

Ovary glabrous, seis icse.eieo cbiete SENEe ERO SRR. A Ae eee: « arene acbarn Trisetum,

Top:of ovary, hairy :.....s...ken sakes, }ecemelio: a. teen ieee aac eee 123

Spikelets large ; glumes rounded on the back, 7-11- nerved; panicle larger and lax

withspendulous’spilceletshirmits pokivkdeiack se Cr ite . a See Gee Eine Er - Avena.

Spikelets medium sized; glumes more or less keeled, 1-3- (rarely up to 7-) nerved;

narrow, “still, serech panicle ate <p «Aen Seite: Snes LIV. Avenastrum.

Valves awnless. 2.22 600), Tose 5 Baa aR ® PO Oh ote Rete hes eer BED 125

Valves awned from the tip or from the simus.................-02s0eseee.-: 132

Valves closely imbricate, broadly boat-shaped, saccate, and scarious; spikelets on

long* capillary ‘pedicels si H.7 totes etctetctctct-nolcthe estate ttc Briza.

Valves not broadly boat-shaped, or saccate and scarious...................- 126

Spikelets sessile and solitary at the hollows of a simple spike................ 127

Spikelets mot sessile son a; stmplesspiken in sree oe cele ies ee 130

Spikelets with their flattened side appressed to the rachis............. Agropyrum.

Spikelets with their flattened side radial to the rachis........LXXX. Lolium.

Styles lateral from the hairy 2-3-lobed appendage of the ovary...LX XIX. Bromus.

Styles terminal) or ‘subterminal... 3. Gee ree See oe eee ete 129

Glumes and valves distinctly keeled, valves often with a tuft of long curled wool at

Ghie: “DAse Sy se ee ichaks Ce ote eae cheat ee eR eae LXXVIII. Poa,

Glumes and valves rounded on the back or slightly keeled towards the tips, or glumes

only “keeled yo vz A ete soeticti as enaleta tet Seats otal tn at ene eran 130

Glumes and valves rounded on the back ; valves hyaline, variegated towards the tips,

firme Tbelo ws broads" OWCUSE ore oe mca thee ce eRe eee ee eae cer ae Atropis.

Glumes distinctly keeled, valves rounded or keeled towards the tips.......... 131

Short annuals, with stiff panicles; spikelets shortly pedicelled and more or less

appressed to the short stiffly spreading branches ; valves oblong, obtuse ; ligules

yalime es. ise Hyeckeeeec wale wethee ecare che Oe) Se nee ene ea Reamne me meaeoee ee cee Scleropoa.

Perennials with compound, usually open, flexuous, annddles (panicles reduced almost

to a raceme in F. vulpioides); valves lanceolate, acute or subacute ; ligules

Ree halo ian ae MER SE Hor ihbniGinds co odio, bolting sao Cloned Sooute Festuca.

Valves with shining hyaline tips and margins; awn very short; panicle spike-like,

feadbiats balan A Mwah eet Rates bith cchdiy og 9009 ¢ LXXVI. Koelaria.

Valves entirely herbaceous or chartaceous, or if with hyaline tips and margins, then

Notein= a yAINarieySpIelorMl yoANiCle ween. meets ete e eee re tee eee enna 133

Ligules oblong-acute, up to 6 mm. long; snikelets collected in compact, usually

secund clusters, on a contracted or spiciform panicle................ Dactylis.

Ligules rounded, truncate, or obtuse; usually very short and often reduced to a

Membranous Lis ek eee tee cites oe ie ee eens Ae ene eee -. 134

Glumes of all, or at least of the lateral, spikelets very unequal, the lower glume minute

ONAN OER loo G5 o0un0l G0 2b u bo HD 9995 2500 sp uEoZ 2D OUOOvOS OUI I0ODaNDIEN 135

Glumes not» very nutle qualineag. ns-fAst foe Ger okie ne net eener etn tenets nel. Peraeete 136

Spikelets on short club-shaped pedicels, the lower glume of all the spikelets minute

or obsoleté< 282% JOOS SOR ER ree oe eee tee Sa Vulpia.

Spikelets sessile on a simple spike, lower glume of terminal floret equal or subequal

to the wp per a xctcis.~ 1s mits aire is ts @ Mire ehe ate iets ese ae weet Rect lek LXXX, Lolium,

Ovary with an often large villous appendage, styles lateral from the appendage 138

Ovary without .a villous! appendage)). ..).). sich. sac eee «le Oeil eile 137

235

137. Spikelets of two kinds, the fertile surrounded by the sterile..........,.. Cynosurus.

bee lets all va lce a ek sys rain baopcid cadieet ord ea gridc) “Gri RAR: beaded ots leamedal Festuca.

138. Spikelets subsessile in a simple raceme or false spike, with the flattened side to the

EOMT SARC ay. AON ey pmb sncrare eb ie bgaes Seed sity: HEC Oe We 0-3 One, Brachypodium.

Spikelets pedicelled, in open or contracted panicle............. LXXIX. Bromus.

139. Spikelets monoecious; 3 spikelets smaller than the 2 on the lower branches of the

UENCE BR a CoN SRE eee AES OP ce of Al oc LEA Re PE Olyra,

Sypnikcele tame aliticempUnare, gaty Wee se ria once Wome. Sits ech MRC eRe coca ae cra 140

WAOMStRIMETIS Foes) <c. Mey mar ea onl Se ceccerele ava auth: biG ees 2 OTS, ss POL was as Arundinaria.

Stamens Gc. 25 nlse SARE Gol cre dari, aeuiian denposieanth ATE cecal Bambusa.

I. IMPERATA, Cyr (109).

Spikelets all alike, generally 2-nate (one short-, the other long-pedicelled) on the con-

tinuous branches (racemes) of a spike-like or narrowly thyrsiform panicle, disarticulating

from the pedicels. Florets 2; the lower reduced to an empty valve (very rarely 3 2).

Glumes sub-equal, membranous, 3-9-nerved, rarely nerveless, enveloped by very long

silky hairs from the obscure callus and the lower portion of both glumes. Valve of the

lower floret generally much smaller thau the glumes, hyaline; of upper floret still smaller,

hyaline, awnless, rarely 0. Valvule broad, hyaline, nerveless. Lodicules0. Stamens 1-2.

Styles connate below ; stigmas linear, exserted from the top of the spikelet. Grain oblong ;

embryo half the length of the grain or more.

Perennial; basal leaves crowded and, like those of the innovation shoots, long ;

panicle silvery-silky.

I. arundinacea, Cyr., var. Thunbergii, Hack.

Pretoria: A. O. D. Mogg in National Herb. 39, Burtt-Davy 828; Tzaneen,

Rogers 12509; Warmbaths, Waterberg, Stent ; Walven Kraal, Waterberg, Pole

Evans 614.

A coarse grass with creeping underground stolons, common in vleis and on the banks

of streams, widely distributed throughout South Africa, also in Tropical Africa; of no

agricultural value.

II. MISCANTHIDIUM, Stapf (112).

Spikelets all alike, 2-nate, those of each pair unequally pedicelled on the articulate

and tough or very tardily disarticulating rhachis of panicled racemes, falling from their

pedicels. Florets 2; lower reduced to an empty valve, upper always%. Glumes equal,

chartaceous to coriaceous, lower dorsally flattened, more or less distinctly 2-keeled, with

inflexed margins and a variable number of intracarinal nerves, upper 1—3-nerved, keeled.

Valves hyaline, of the lower floret muticous or mucronate, of the upper awned; awn

936

petfect, Valvules small, hyaline, nerveless. Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3, ‘Stigmas

usually laterally exserted. Grain oblong to linear-oblong; embryo half the length of

the grain.

Perennial, erect ; blades. long, narrow, midrib very stout or the whole blade terete

(tropical African species); ligules membranous.;, panicle much-branched, often large,

silky, and showy, spikelets usually villous, and with an involucre of hairs at the base.

M. junceum, Stapf (Stapf in Hook. Ic., Pl. XXXI, tab. 3084 = Hrianthus junceus

Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 324). a

Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2306; near Nylstroom, Waterberg,

Burtt-Dovy 2000; Pyramid Estate, near Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Galpin 8873 ;

Almans Drift, Bushveld, Pretoria District, Pole Evans 597.

A tall reed-like grass growing in vleis and on river banks.

III. EULALIA, Kunth. (113).

Spikelets all alike, or nearly so, 2-nate, one sessile, the other pedicelled, on the articu-

late fragile rhachis of 2-nate, digitate or fascicled spike-like racemes, the pedicelled falling

from their pedicels, the sessile deciduous together with the contiguous joint of the rhachis

and the pedicel. Florets typically 2; lower reduced to an empty valve or represented

by a minute scale or quite suppressed; upper always’. Glumes equal, rigidly mem-

branous to coriaceous ; lower dorsally flattened or shallowly concave (not grooved), more

or less 2-keeled with inflexed margins; upper 1-3-nerved, keeled. Valves hyaline; lower

muticous, sometimes much reduced or quite suppressed ; upper very short, 2-lobed, awned.

Valvules small or 0. Lodicules 2, small, cuneate. Stamens 3. Stigmas linear, laterally

exserted. Grain oblong; embryo almost half the length of the grain or longer; hilum

basal, punctiform.

Perennial. Culms simple, erect, or ascending. Leaf-blades conyolute in bud, then

flat, usually narrow, gradually passing into the sheath. Racemes often coloured (brown

or purplish).

E. villosa, Nees. (Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 99 == Pollinia villosa, Spreng.,

Stapf. in Dyer, Flor. Cap:; VII, 325).

Waterval Boven, Burit-Davy 1437; Sterk Hill, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 450:

E. geniculata, Stapf. (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 101).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, in moist places. Galpin 442.

A tropical grass.

IV. ISCHAEMUM, Linn. (119).

Spikelets of each pair alike, or differing only in sex, or more or less hetetomorphous,

one sessile or sub-sessile, the other pedicelled on the articulate fragile rhachis of 2-nate,

digitate or fascicled, spike-like racemes, the pedicelled falling from their pedicels, the

sessile deciduous together with the adjacent joint of the rhachis and the pedicel. Florets 2 ;

lower generally $; upper 3, rarely ¢ or neuter in the pedicelled spikelets. Sessile spike-

let: glumes equal or sub-equal, lower dorsally flattened or somewhat convex and usually

coriaceous below, chartaceous and markedly nerved upwards, rarely shallowly concave

and more or less chartaceous throughout (§ Coelischaemum), more or less 2-keeled with

inflexed margins; upper boat-shaped keeled at least above, sometimes awned. Valves

rigidly membranous to hyaline, of lower floret muticous, of upper usually 2-fid and awned

from the sinus, rarely mucronate or muticous. Valvules more or less equalling their valves,

hyaline., Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3, sometimes smaller or rudimentary in the

fertile flower. Stigmas linear-oblong, laterally exserted: Grain oblong or lanceolate,

dorsally compressed ; embryo reaching to the middle of the grain. Pedicelled spikelet

in structure like the sessile, or more or less reduced; g or neuter and awnless.

237

Plate I. Ischaemum Mellei. Stent.

A, Pedicelled spikelet; B, Lower glume; C, Upper glume; D, Upper valve; E, Lower

glume of sessile spikelet, back view; KF, Lower glume of sexsile spikelet, front view ; G, Upper

glume of sessile spikelet; H, Lower valve of sessile spikelet; I, Pale; J, Upper valve of

sessile spikelet ; K, Pale; L, Pistil and stamens

238

Generally perennial; blades convolute when young, at length flat; ligules generally

membranous ; racemes compressed, joints flattened or sub-concave on the inner side and

often stout, sessile spikelets dorsally compressed, often rather broad, the pedicelléd some-

times apparently laterally compressed with a median keel owing to the more or less complete

suppression of one side.

I, arcuatum Stapf. (Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 33 = Ischaemum fasciculatum, var.

arcuatum Hook. ex Stapf. in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 327).

Warmbaths, Burtt-Davy 2339.

Also from Natal and Tropical Africa.

I, glaucostachyum, Stapf.

Strubens Farm, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 4482; Skinners Court, Pretoria, Stent

H. 5173; Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1138; Rooikop, Bushveld,

Pretoria ‘District, Pole Evans 542, Nietverdient; Zeerust, Pole Evans 329; Klip-

drift, Marico District, Pole Evans 310.

A very glaucous eTass with creeping underground stolons, good fodder for cattle,

makes palatable hay, one of the best bushveld species. Commonly known as “ turf-grass.”

I. Mellei, Stent, n. sp.

Gramen perenne. Culmi erecti vel geniculati, ascendentes, simplices, vel ramis prope

basim et aliquando e nodis superioribus, ad 120 cm. alti, glabri, tereti vel sub compressi.

Vaginae foliorum laxae, striatae, tomentosae vel hirsutae, saepe longiores quam internodi,

nodis albido-barbartis; ligulae membranacae, truncatae, ciliatae, ad 2 mm. longae;

laminae lineares ad 20 cm. longae, 12 mm. latae, planae, dense hirsutae, cum circa 5 nervis

lateralibus latere costa utroque. Racemi 3, raro 2-4, 6-9 em. longi, medii breviter

pedunculati; articul triquetri, 3-4 mm. longi, recti vel paulo curvati, purpurescentes,

ciliati; pedicelli articulique aequales et sub parallel, et apud junctionem non excisi.

Spicula sessila 8 mm. longa; glumae imaequales, maculis purpureis, superior paulo longior ;

inferior late ovato-lanceolata, basi contracta, epice paulo bifido, 5-9 nervis, dorso rotundo,

longo hirsuto, apicem versus bi-carinata, lato-alataque ; superior cymbiforma, acuminata,

mucronata, ‘5 nervi, margines superiores atque carina angusto-alata ciliati. Anthoecium

inferum: valva glumam sub-equalis, lanceolata, acuta, uno-nervata, membranacea,

marginibus superioribus ciliatis, palea valvam sub-aequalis, carinis asperulis. Anthoecowm

superum: valva 5 nerva, ad medium bilobata; lobae ciliatae, arista circa 7 mm. longa ;

palea angusto-oblonga, fere valvam.aequalis, carinis scabris, antherae 2-5 mm. longae.

Spicula pedicellata 6 mm. longa ; gluma, inferior cymbiforma, lanceolata, acuminata, 11

nervis, dorso longe-hirsuta, carina apicemy versus late alata ; cetera similis spiculae sessilis

sed valva superior haud profunde lobata,

Pastills Farm, Pretoria. Melle in Nat. Herb. H. 21423.

Very near to I. purpurascens, Stapf. (ex. descr.), from which it differs in being larger in

all its parts and very hairy, the joints and pedicels not being excised, and in the broadly

winged keels of the lower glumes.

A very early vlei grass, very palatable to stock, but not frost resistant.

V. SEHIMA, Forsk. (1194).

Spikelets 2-nate, those of each pair differing in sex and (in the African species) also

much in shape, one sessile, the other pedicelled on the articulate fragile rhachis of solitary

spike-like racemes, the pedicelled tardily separating from their pedicels, the sessile deciduous

together with the adjacent joint of the rhachis and the pedicel. Florets 2; lower g,

upper 8 in the sessile, J or neuter in the pedicelled spikelets. Sessile spikelets: Glumes

equal or sub-equal ; lower deeply grooved, rarely flat, 2-dentate or 2-mucronate, more or

less chartaceous, upwards acutely 2-keeled with inflexed margins, keels winged; upper

glume boat-shaped, keeled upwards with a bristle-like awn. Valves hyaline, of lower

floret entire, muticous, of upper 2-fid and awned from the sinus. Valvules more or less

239

equalling their valves, hyaline. Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3. Stigmas linear-

oblong, laterally exserted. Grain oblong, obtusely trigonous; embryo reaching to the

middle of the grain. Pedicelled spikelets flat, with (in the African species) a strongly

nerved or ribbed lower glume, and 2 florets resembling the lower floret of the sessile spike-

lets, the lower or both more or less reduced and barren.

Perennial or annual; blades convolute when young, at length flat, narrow; ligules

a line of stiff hairs; racemes usually gently curved, dorsiventral and laterally compressed,

with the pedicelled spikelets converging over the convex side, joints and pedicels sublinear

and parallel ; sessile and pedicel spikelets strikingly heteromorphous in the African species.

S. galpinii, Stent, n. sp. t

Gramen perenne. Cuzlmi erecti, ad 1-5 m. alti, teretes, laeves, glabri, simplices,

2-4 nodi, internodi superiores, longissimi, exserti. Folia glauca ; vaginae tenuite, sulcatae,

laeves, glabrae vel nonnunquam nodi inferiores tomentosae ; superiores aliquantum arctae,

inferiores confertae fere flabellatae ; liqgulae dvatae, setis rigidis 2 mm. longis constitae ;

laminae anguste lineares, circa 4 mm. latae, 15-30 cm. longae, longe in apicem setaceum

attenuatae, planae, glabrae, scaberulae, marginibus albis ens ak eartilaginibus; costa

gracilis, supra albida, 4-5 nervis lateralibus costae utrimque. acemus solitarius? ad 19

em. longus, strictus vel aliquantum curvus; articuli pedicellique paralleli, 7 mm. longi,

subcompressi vel tenuite concavi, glabri nitensque, dense albo ciliatos margines. *Spicula

sessilis 15 mm. longa, subfalcata; glumae aequales; inferior praete apicem membranaceum

chartacea, subfalcata, cum 9 nervibus inaequalis et cum transversis saepe brachiatis in

parte superidre venulis, admodum carinata, carina exterior ala angusta ciliata et margine

latiore inflexo, interior et exterior scabrida, dorsus flavus viridis nervibus carinisque ;

superior navicularis, chartacea, nitens, laevis, marginibus longe ciliatis, 5 nervis cum

venuls transversis, apice carinata, carina ala ciliata, in setam longam excurrente.

Anthoecium inferum’ 3: valva 11 mm. longa, minute biloba, hyalina, 2 nervis, apicem

versus scabridis, marginibus inflexis ; palea similis valvae sed rigidior et omnino scabrida ;

Antherae 3, 6 mm. longae; lodiculae cuneatae, carnosae, 1 mm. longae. <Anthoecium

superum 8 : valva 3 mm. longa, biloba, 3 nervis, parte inferiore hyalina, margines

ciliates ; arista 40 mm. longa, columna bruneo-fulva, marginibus involutibus minutissime

ciliatis; palea valvam equalis, acuminata, minute biloba; antherae et lodiculae lis in

anthoecio infero similis ; styli compressi, distincti; caryopsis trigona, urceolata. Spiculae

pedicellatae 15 mm. longae: gluma inferior subfalcata, flavia, purpureo-tincta, 7 nervis,

intercarinas cum-venulis transversis, nervi carinaeque viridi; glwma superior inferiorem

subaequalis, sub-cymbiforma, membranacea, scabrida, 3 nervis, marginibus hyalinis,

ciliatis ; anthoecia 2, $; valva inferior, gracilis, membranacea, ciliata, minute bidentata,

3 nervis, nerva media in punctam callosum deltoideam excurrente ; palea linearis, 2 nervis ;

anthoecvum superum anthoecii inferi in spicula sessile simile.

Geluk, Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Galpin M. 557.

This comes nearest to the Indian species, S. notata, but has much larger, spikelets.

The flat lower glume of the sessile spikelet without a depressed channel on the median line

separates it from other known African species, none of which are recorded so far south.

Mr. Galpin says of this grass: “ In addition to growing on the farms Geluk and Zaai-

plaats, there are also large patches of it growing on the adjoining farms Zandfontein Oog

and Welbekend. . . . It is an excellent thatching grass, the culms being stout and

very free from leaves, but it is not eaten by stock.”

VI. URELYTRUM, Hack. (125).

Spikelets 2-nate, those of each pair different in shape and sex, one sessile, the other

pedicelled, on the very fragile rhachis of solitary, paired, or racemed subcylindric spike-

like racemes, the sessile deciduous with the adjacent joint of the rhachis and pedicel ;

joints obliquely truncate with appendaged tips. Sessile spikelets; florets 2, lower ¢

240

Plate Ii. Sehima Galpinii, Stent.

A, Lower glume of sessile spikelet ; B, Upper glume of sessile spikelet ; C, Lower valve of

sessilé spikelet; ‘D, Pale; BE, Upper valve of sessile spikelet ; F, Pale; G Pistil and stamens;

H, Pedicelled spikelet; I, Lower glume, front view ; J, Upper glume; K, Lower valve.

241

upper $. Glumes equal or subequal; lower coriaceous, dorsally flattened, 2-keeled,

muticous ; upper subchartaceous or membranous, boat-shaped, cell _ Valves hyaline,

subequal, slightly shorter than the glumes, muticous, of lower floret 2-, of upper 3- to sub-

D-nerved. Valvules almost equalling their valves, hyaline, 2-nerved. Lodicules 2, ‘cuneate.

Stamens 3. Stigmas linear, laterally exserted. Grain narrow, oblong, terete at the middle ;

scutellum to the middle; hilum oboyate, basal. Pedicelled spikelets with 2 $ florets and

with the lower glume narrowed into a subulate often long awn, otherwise as in the sessile

spikelets, or more or less reduced, sometimes to a pair of rudimentary glumes, the lower

of which is represented by a long awn, flattened and widened at the base. -

Perennial, rarely annual; culms erect, few-noded, simple; blades narrow, linear,

flat or convolute ; racemes long, rigid. .

U. squarrosum, Hack.

a ae Sr “Paardevallen No. 12, near Zeerust, Burtt-Davy 7196; Observatory Ridge,

Johannesburg, Burtt-Davy 3098 ; Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, Bryant C. 16.

A coarse sour grass. cma Ba

VII. HEMARTHRIA, R.Br. (1274).

Spikelets 2-nate on the tough or tardily disarticulating rhachis of spike-like spathe-

supported racemes which terminate the culms and their often fascicled branches, alike in

sex and shape, or at least similar; joints and pedicels fused into roughly semicylindric

internodes, hollowed out on the inner face for the reception of the sessile spikelet ; dis-

articulation at a right angle to the rhachis or slightly oblique, tips of joints truncate, not

hollowed out or appendaged. Sessile spikelet : florets 2, lower reduced to a barren valve,

upper 8, awnless. Glumes equal or subequal, lower flat on the back, 2-keeled, very

natrowly inflexed along the margins, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, closing up the cavity

formed by the adjacent joint and pedicel, upper membranous adhering to the inner face

of the cavity. Valves hyaline, of lower floret 2-nerved, of upper usually nerveless. Valvule

(of upper floret) hyaline, small, nerveless. Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3. Stigmas

laterally exserted. Grain oblong, dorsally slightly compressed ; embryo about two-thirds

the length of the grain; hilum conspicuous, punctiform, subbasal. Pedicelled spikelet

with more elongated acuminate glumes, particularly the terminal, the upper ‘glume

mucronate or aristate.

Decumbent or ascending perennial grasses with many-noded branched compound

culms; blades linear, conduplicate in bud, then flat; ligules very short, membranous ;

racemes compressed, often curved, tips more or less subulate owing to the slender terminal

spikelet ; spikelets pseudo-opposite owing to the fusion of joints and pedicels, each pair

made up of a sessile (secondary) spikelet and the pedicelled companion of the sessile spikelet

ol the next lower node.

H. fasciculata, Stapf (Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 55 = Rottboellia compressa, var. fas-

~ ciculata, Hack. ex Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VIII, 329).

Irene, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3843, Pole Evans 366 ; Christiana, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 11706; Waterval Boven, Burtt-Davy 1409; Leeuwpoort, Carolina,

Burtt-Davy 112; Almans Drift, Bushveld, Pretoria District, Pole Evans 596.

A common species of vleis and streams usually semiprostrate, with creeping base.

Found throughout Africa, moderately frost-resistant. Well liked by cattle.

VIII. TRACHYPOGON, Nees. (131).

Spikelets 2-nate, those of each pair differing in sex and slightly in shape, both pedicelled

on the tough or upwards very tardily disarticulating many-jointed rhachis of solitary,

2-nate, or digitate racemes, terminating the culms ; pedicels unequal (the lower very short),

fused towards the base with each other and the adjacent. internode of the rhachis, this

and the pedicels terete or subterete, the longer of the latter disarticulating very obliquely ;

242

internodes marked off by very oblique and usually duersippbavaed articulation lines ;

subsessile spikelets persistent ; long-pedicelled’ spikelets falling separately. ‘Florets 2,

lower reduced to an empty valve, upper ¢ or neuter in the subsessile, ¥ in the upper long-

pedicelled spikelet. Fertile (apper) spikelets more or less terete, awned ; callus acute to

very pungent, densely bearded. Glumes equal or subequal; the lower firmly chartaceous

to coriaceous, subconvolute, finely 2-keeled upwards, the inflexed margins very narrow

or reduced to a mere rim, nerves 5-9 in addition to the keel-nerves, mostly obscure except

in transmitted light, more or less connected by transverse veins in ‘the upper part ; upper

thinner, 3-nerved, grooved on either’ Side of the rounded keel. Valve of lower floret

hyaline, 2-nerved, ciliate’ or ‘ciliolate upwards, of ‘upper floret ‘stipitiform, hyaline and

3-nerved at the base, cartilaginous upwards and passing into a flexuous or geniculate awn.

Valvule very small, hyaline or 0. Lodicules 2, small, glabrous. Stamens 3. Stigmas

laterally, exserted ; \ styles: terminal. .. Grain, terete ; embryo about half the length of the

grain Male or neuter (lower) .spikelets dorsally flattened.(particularly the lower of a

raceme) or more or less terete, awnless; callus 0. Glume and valve of the lowe: floret

similar to those of the fertile spikelets. Valve of the upper floret narrow, hyaline, entire

or 2-toothed, with or without \a.minute:mucro,s rarely produced into a short bristle.

Stamens 3. Pistil, if present, rudimentary.

Perennial (very rarely annual %), densely caepitcse grasses, with more or less slender

wiry culms conspicuously bearded below the nodes; the beards appressed, covering the

constricted nodes; leaf-blades narrow, frequently convolute.

T. plumosus, lace (ex Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop, Afr., IX, 403=7. polymorphus, var.

capensis, Hack. ex Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VIL, 331).

Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb., H. 21144; Groenkloof, Pretoria, Phillips,

H. 21683 ; Johannesburg, on steep hillsides, Bryant D. 22; near Shilovane,

Zoutpansberg, Junod 4077 ;Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 5471 ; Leeuwpoort, Carol na,

Burit-Davy 7343 ; Sterk Hill, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 476.

Fairly widely distributed through the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

A coarse grass only palatable when young; tested as a material for paper-making at

the Imperial Institute, it was found to yield good pulp, but the ultimate fibres were rather

short ; good thatching grass.

IX. ELYONURUS, Humb. and Bonpl. (132).

Spikelets similar, usually awnless, but differing in sex, 2-nate, one sessile, the other

pedicelled, on the articulate fragile rhachis of solitary spike-like racemes, the sessile deciduous

with the adjacent joint of the rhachis and the pedicel. Florets 2; lower reduced to an

empty valve ; upper % in the sessile, 9, rarely barren, in the pedicelled spikelet. Glumes

equal ; lower subcoriaceous to herbaceous, often 2-toothed or 2-fid, rarely awned, dorsally

flattened, 2-keeled, usually with fine filiform transparent balsam ducts close to the ciliate

or penicillate keels ; upper membranous, lanceolate, acute, rarely awned. Valves hyaline,

awnless. Valvule obsolete or 0, Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally

exserted. Grain oblong, dorsally compressed ; embryo about half the length of the grain.

Generally perennial, caespitose, aromatic ; blades flat or folded ; ligules membranous,

very short ; racemes erect, joints strongly compressed, usually villous, tips oblique, not

appendaged.

E. argenteus, Nees.

Eloffs Plantation, Pretoria, MacDonald in Nat. Herb. 118; Derby Station,

Marico, Burtt-Davy 7168; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 410 ;

Meintjes Kop, Pretoria, Lansdell in Nat. Herb. 65; Henley-on-Klip, Stent, Nat.

Herb. H. 21138; Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 14569; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 952;

Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12953; Malans Farm, Hartebeestnek, Burtt-Davy 758.

Widely spread throughout South Africa as well as in the tropics. A xerophytic grass

of little value, usually characteristic of sour veld, known locally as ‘‘ Wildebeeste gras,”

and “‘ Zuur pol.” Occasionally useful for winter grazing.

243

X. SORGHUM, Pers. (1344).

Spikelets 2-nate, those of each pair differing in shape and sex, one sessile, the other

pedicelled or represented by a pedicel only, on the articulate fragile or (in cultivated forms)

tough rhachis cf panicled few- (sometimes 1- or, the other extreme, 6-8) jointed racemes,

the sessile spikelet falling with the contiguous joint and the accompanying pedicelled

spikelet or at least its pedicel. Florets 2, lower reduced to an empty valve, upper in the

sessile, g or neuter in the pedicelled spikelets, if present at all. Sessile spikelets dorsally

compressed. Glumes equal, coriaceous, at least when mature, rarely permanently

chartaceous, muticous, lower with a broad flattened or convex back with the margins

narrowly inflexed near the tips and otherwise involute, upper boat-shaped, keeled upwards

with narrow hyaline, usually upwards ciliolate margins. Valves hyaline, ciliate, of lower

floret 2-nerved or nerveless, of upper oblong to ovate, 2-dentate or 2-lobed, with the lobes

free or more or less adnate to a perfect or variously reduced awn or a mucro rising from

the sinus, rarely entire and mucronate or muticous, 1- or 3-nerved. Lodicules 2, ciliate

or glabrous. Valvule hyaline, often minute or 0. Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally exserted ;

styles terminal or sub-terminal. Grain in the spontaneous species mostly obovoid, dorsally

compressed, in cultivated forms frequently enlarged, globose or sub-globose ; embryo as

long as or slightly longer than half the grain. Pedicelled spikelets, if present, much

narrower than the sessile, lanceolate to subulate, g or neuter, sometimes reduced to the

glumes or one glume only, or quite suppressed. Glumes permanently herbaceous, like the

hyaline 2-1-nerved ciliate; valves awnless.

Annual or perennial, often robust, grasses. Leaf-blades convolute in bud, usually

flat, herbaceous, often large. Panicles erect or nodding, with verticillate or scattered

branches, often large, in the spontaneous species mostly loose, in the cultivated forms

frequently variously contracted to compact.

S. halepense, Nees. (Flor. Afr. Austr., 88= Andropogon halepensis, var. effusus, Stapf in

Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 346).

Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1128; Mountain View, Pretoria,

Wagstaff in Nat. Herb. H. 162; Skinners Court, Pretoria, Native Aaron, Nat.

Herb, H. 109; Johannesburg, Nat. Herb. H. 108 ; Groot Marico, Burtt-Davy 121 ;

Barberton, Burtt-Davy 248.

This is the stoloniferous Sorghum known in America as Johnson grass. Stapf has

followed Piper in doubting the existence of this grass as indigenous to tropical Africa

and has omitted it from his Flora of that region. It certainly occurs spontaneously in

subtrop‘cal parts of the Transvaal, mostly along streams. It is possible that in some

localities from which it has been recorded as a troublesome weed, the seed has been

introduced as an impurity probably with Sudan grass sced, but in other localities there

appears little doubt that it occurs naturally indigenous to the soil. As in the case of most

of the other species of Sorghum, it contains a certain amount of prussic acid.

S. versicolor, J. N. Anders (ex Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Air., TX, 138).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Galpin M. 419; Wonderboompoort, Pretoria, Mogg

in Nat. Herb. 182 ; Potgietersrust, Waterberg, H. M. Dewar in Nat. Herb. H. 20947 ;

Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Native Aaron in Nat. Herb. H. 183; Pyramids, near

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 4480.

Plentiful in the Rustenburg and Waterberg districts, sometimes behaving as an annual

- or at least flowering the first year. “‘ Only found on black turf; much liked by stock and

cut for fodder hy some farmers.” —Galpin.

S. ethiopicum, Rupr. (ex Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 119).

Zeerust, in Nat. Herb. H. 21415.

S. micratherum, Stapf (l.c. 142).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg District, Galpin M.413; Tzaneen, Zout-

pansherg, Sampson in Nat. Herb. H. 4402.

244

XI. CHRYSOPOGON, Trin. (134p).

Spikelets in threes at the ends of the branchlets of terminal panicles, one sessile, the

other 2 pedicelled, the trio falling entire from the thickened, nearly always bearded, oblique

tips of the peduncles; exceptionally 2-nate in 2-jointed racemes, one sessile, the other

pediceiled, each sessile spikelet falling with the contiguous joint and its pedicelled com-

panion, pedicels (and joints, where any) linear-filiform, never longitudinally grooved not

appendaged. Florets 2; lower reduced to an empty valve, upper % in the sessile, ¢ or

neuter in the pedicelled spikelet. Sessile spikelets usually laterally compressed, awned.

Glumes subequal; lower coriaceous or chartaccous, involute with a rounded back or

complicate and more or less keeled upwards, upper boat-shaped, more or less keeled.

Valves hyaline, of lower floret 2-nerved, of upper linear, entire or 2-dentate with a usually

perfect awn from the sinus. Valvule 0 or small, hyaline, nerveless. Lodicules 2, small,

glabrous. Stamens 3. Stigmas exserted laterally low down. Grain linear, laterally

compressed ; embryo half the length of the grain; scutellum linear-oblong. Pedicelled

spikelet dorsally compressed, awnless or aristulate.

Mostly perennial (all the Old World species). Leaf-blades narrow. Panicles usually

lax, of whorls of simple or basally divided filiform branches, rarely the branches 2-nate

or solitary.

C. montanus, Trin., var. tremulus, Stapf (=Andropogon monticola, var. trinu, Stapf

Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 349).

Warmbaths, Waterberg District, Burtt-Davy 2338.

XII. AMPHILOPHIS, Nash (134).

Spikelets 2-nate, one sessile, the other pedicelled, similar in shape or the pedicelled

reduced and smaller, the latter always different in sex, except sometimes the lowermost

pair, which may be homogamous (¢ or neuter), on the fragile rhachis of many-jointed

shortly peduncled subdigitate or panicled racemes; joints and pedicels filiform, longi-

tudinally grooved and hyuline in the groove, disarticulating horizontally sessile and pedi-

celled (always ?) spikelets deciduous, the former with the adjacent joint and pedicel.

Florets 2 in the sessile spikelets ; lower reduced to an empty valve, upper ¥ , 2 or ] in the

pedicelled spikelet, the lower g or neuter, the upper neuter or usually quite suppressed.

Sessile spikelet dorsally compressed, awned ; callus small, shortly bearded. Glumes equal,

thinly chartaceous to membranous ; lower 2-kecled, with narrow sharply inflexed margins ;

upper boat-shaped, 3-nerved, acutely keeled. Valve of lower floret hyaline, nerveless,

of upper floret reduced to a hyaline linear stipe, firmer upwards, passing into a slender awn.

Valvules 0 or very minute. Lodicules 2, minute, glabrous. Stamens 3. Stigmas exserted

laterally, usually low down, longer than the styles. Grain oblong, obtuse, dorsally shghtly

compressed ; embryo about half the length of the grain. Pedicelled spikelet awnless,

valves (if present) hyaline, nerveless.

Perennial grasses with slender simple or branched culms, bearded or beardless at the

nodes. Panicles mostly subdigitate with a short primary axis, rarely the racemes on

branches of the second order ; racemes always shortly peduncled. Spikelets small.

A. glabra, Stapf (Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 172=Andropogon intermedius, var. punctatus,

Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 345).

Hartebeestpoort Dam, Pretoria, Pele Evans 701; Mosdene, Naboomspruit,

Galpin M. 487; Godwan River, Pole Evans 696; Rooikop, Bushveld, Pole Evans

263; Pienaars River, Pole Hvans 166; Wonderfontein, Marico, Burtt-Davy 7220;

Bushveld, Pretoria, Reck in Nat. Herb. 99; Waterberg, Burtt-Duvy 224 ;

Shilovane, Zoutpansberg, Junod in Nat. Herb. 10).

Stapf describes the pedicelled spikelet of this species as being “not pitted,” but in

nearly all these specimens the pit on the lower glume of the pedicelled spikelet is distinct.

Burtt-Davy 7220 exhibits a panicle with all of the spikelets, except a few towards the top

245

af the inflorescence, unpitted ; Reck’s specimen from Pretoria has some of the pedicelled

spikelets unpitted, while others have one or occasionally two pits. Galpin’s specimen

presents a very robust form with leaves hairy beneath and up to 15 mm. broad and panicle

17 cm. long.

A. insculpta, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 175=Andropogon pertusus, var. capensis,

Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 345).

Barberton, Burtt-Davy 237; Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Native Aaron in Nat.

Herb. 93; Sterkstroom, Burtt-Davy 132; Waterval Boven, Burtt-Davy 1446 ;

Pyramid Hstate, near Potgietersrust, Galpin 8880; Mosdene, Naboomspruit,

Galpin M. 411; Rooikop, Bushveld, Pretoria, Pole Evans 545.

XIII. DICHANTHIUM, Willemet (134p).

Spikelets 2-nate, one sessile, the other pedicelled, similar in shape, different in sex,

except the lowermost 1 or 2 pairs of each raceme which are (with occasional exceptions in

D. annulatum) homogamous (¢ or neuter), in many-jointed shortly peduncled subdigitate,

rarely subpanicled or racemosely arranged, racemes ; joints and pedicels filiform, solid,

disarticulating subhorizontally, except the lowest barren pairs; fertile sessile ard pedi-

celled spikelets deciducus. the former with the adjacent joint and pedicel. Florets 2 in

the fertile sessile spikelets (lower reduced to an empty valve, upper & ), 1 in the barren sessile

and all the pedicelled spikelets, ¢ or neuter, or suppressed. Sessile sp kelet dorsally ccm-

pressed, awned (except the basal homogamous ones); callus small shortly bearded.

Glumes equal, thinly chartaceous; lower usually very obtuse, 2-keeled, with narrow

sharply inflexed margins; upper boat-shaped, 3-nerved, acutely keelid. Valve of lower

floret hyaline, nerveless, of upper floret reduced to a hyaline upwards firmer linear stipe,

passing into a slender awn (very rarely finely 2-toothed with the awn from the sinus in a

doubtful or aberrant Indian species). Valvule 0 or minute. Lodicules 2, minute, glabrous.

Stamens 3. Stigmas exserted laterally at or above the middle or near the tips. Grain

oblong, obtuse, dorsally compressed ; embryo rather more than half the length of the grain.

Pedicelled spikelet awnless; valve, if present, hyaline, nerveless.

Perennial, very rarely annual, grasses with simple or branched usually many-noded

culms, bearded or beardless at the nodes. Panicles usually subdigitate with a short or

very short primary axis, rarely the latter elongated ; racemes always shortly peduncled.

Spikelets small, rarely the male somewhat larger.

D. ennulatum, Stapf (Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 178=Andropogon annulatus Forsk.,

Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 350).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Galpin M. 411A.

D. pappilosum, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 179).

ear Selous River, Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 153; Meintjes Kop, Pretoria,

Burtt-Davny 3552; Komatipoort, Barberton, Burtt-Davy 369; Skinners Court,

Pretoria, Native Aaron in Nat. Herb. 102.

XIV. SCHIZACHYRIUM, Nees. (1341).

Spikelets 2-nate, of each pair differing in sex and mostly also more or less in shape

and. size, one sessile, the other pedicelled, on the articulate fragile rhachis of many-jointed

solitary racemes terminating the culms and their branches, supported by spathes and

frequently collected into a false panicle, the sessile spikelets falling with the coutigueus

joint, and the accompanying pedicelled spikelet ; joints and pedicels thickened upwards,

often rather stout, with a scarious cupuliform and more or less dentate terminal appendage.

Florets 2; lower reduced to an empty valve, upper ¥ in the sessile, g, neuter or 0 in the

pedicelled spikelets or both suppressed in these. Sessile spikelets dorsally compressed

or som-tim2s in their lower half almost terete, awned ; callus short, with a short beard at

the very base. Glumes equal or subequal, lower chartaceous (often thinly) to sub-

coriaceous, more or less convex (to sub-semiterete) or flat on the back with, at least from

246

the middle upwards, sharply inflexed and mostly narrow margins, 2-keeled, the kees!

running out into teeth or mucros; upper thinner to membranous, narrowly boat-shaped

to dorsally flattened, keeled (at least upwards), 1-3-nerved, the delicate margins ciliolate.

Valves ciliolate, hyaline, of lower floret membranous downwards and often purplish

2-nerved, of upper usually 2-fid, sometimes very deeply, or 2-dentate, rarely entire, awned,

awn from the sinus or continuing the entire valve. Valvule 0 or a microscopic hyaline

scale, Lodicules 2, minute, glabrous. Stamens 3, rarely 2. Stigmas laterally exserted

low down; styles terminal. Grain narrowly linear in outline or tapering upwards, sub-

terete; embryo short. Pedice!led spikelet similar to the sessile, but usually relatively

broader and flatter or more or less reduced and then sometimes quite smal!. Glumes

more or less membranous, the lower aristulate or muticous. Valves (if present) hyaline,

ciliate, muticous.

Annual or perennial grasses, rarely suffrutescent, never very tall. Culms slender.

Leaf-blades folded in bud, usually narrow. False panicles varying from very loose and

scanty to densely fascicled with the spathes mostly very narrow scarious, membranous

or lower down herbaceous.

S. semiberbe, Nees. (ex Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 195 = Andropogon hirtiflorus,

var. semiberbis, Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 337).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Galpin M. 414; Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb.

H. 21114; Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H.110; Waterval Boven, Burtt-Davy

1447 ; Crocodile River, Burtt-Davy 210; Johannesburg, on hill-slopes, Bryant

C 38; Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1121; Warmbaths, Baylis in

Nat. Herb. H. 125.

“ There is no doubt that this grass would be quite suitable for the manufacture of

paper-pulp on a commercial scale.”—Imp. Inst. Rep. 8/5/18.

XV. ANDROPOGON, Linn. (134).

Spikelets 2-nate, those of each pair differing in sex and mostly also more or less

in shape and size, or those of the lowest pair of the lowest raceme homogamous (¢ or

imperfect), one sessile, the other pedicelled on the articulate fragile rhachis of many-

jointed paired (very rarely solitary) or corymbose (digitate or subdigitate) racemes

terminating the culms, and, if these be branched, also their branches, or at least, the

upp2r; racem:2-pairs or corymbs supported by a spathe or spatheole and frequently

collected into a false panicle; the sessile spikelets falling with the contiguous joint and

the accompanying pedicel; joints and pedicels filiform or thickened upwards (rarely

stout in members of Piestiwm) and then the tips frequently more or less cupular or

auricled. Florets 2; lower reduced to an empty valve, upper % in the sessile spikelets of

the heterogamous pairs, g, neuter or suppressed in those of the homogamous pairs and

in the pedicelled spikelets. Sessile spikelets dorsally or laterally compressed, nearly

always awned; callus short, mostly quite obtuse, shortly bearded. Glumes equal or

subequal, subcoriaceous to membranous, the lower flat or concave or channelled on the

back, with, at least from the middle upwards, sharply inflexed margins, 2-keeled, the

upp2t more or less boat-shaped, keeled upwards 3-l-nerved, sometimes aristulate.

Valves ciliate or ciliolate, rarely glabrous, of lower floret hyaline, 2-nerved, of upper

2-fid or 2-dentate, hyaline or firmer and sometimes substipitiform below the insertion

of the awn. Valvule a hyaline nerveless scale, or 0. Lodicules 2, minute, glabrous.

Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally exserted ; styles terminal. Grain narrowly lanceolate to

oblong in outline, subterete to plano-convex ; embryo about half the length of the grain.

Pedicelled spikelets often very diff r2nt from the sessile in shape and less so im size,

always more or less compressed dorsally, never concave or channelled on the back,

sometimes reduced and then often small or quite suppressed. Glumes herbaceous-

chartaceous to membranous, the lower muticous or very rarely aristulate. Valves, if

present, hyaline, ciliate, muticous.

Mostly perennial grasses of varying habit.

247

A. eucomis, Nees. ¥.;

Malmanie Oog, Lichtenburg, Burtt-Davy 80; Vereeniging, Brandmuller 44;

Panplaats, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy 13260; Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy

1023.

A, appendiculatus, Nees.

Schweizer Reneke, Burtt-Davy 1697; Experiment Farm, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy

3914: Skinners Court, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. 148; Volksrust, Wakkers-

stroom, in Nat. Herb. 150; Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21129;

Heilbron, Vereeniging, Brandmuller 3; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in

Nat. Herb. 141; Beginsel, Standerton, Burtt-Davy 926; Johannesburg, Burtt-

Davy 832.

“A useful hay-grass valued for feeding.’—J. Burtt-Davy. Strongly stoloniferous,

A. schirensis, Hochst., var. augustifolia, Stapf.

Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21140; Aapies River, Pretoria, H. Bolus

10851; Downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4092; Billey’s Vlei, Ermelo, Burti-Davy

9264; Middelburg, Burtt-Davy 13295.

A. Schinzii, Hack.

Kosters River, Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 151; Pillansberg, Rustenburg, Pole

Evans 633; Pyramid Estate, near Potgietersrust, Galpin 8885.

A. amplectens, Nees.

Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21139; Vereeniging, Brandmuller 42 ;

Groenkloof, Pretoria, Phillips H. 21684; open veld, Downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod

4096 ; Johannesburg, Bryant D.8; Experiment Farm, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 7720 ;

Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 13667; Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 2700.

“ Not liked by stock, grows in tufts on well-drained sandy soil devoid of humus.’”’—

Brandmuller.

A. filifolius, Steud.

Mariesstad, Pott 5196; Belfast, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy 1336; near Bossis,

Carolina, Burtt-Davy 2959; Lake Chrissie, Hamilton in Nat. Herb. 89; Spionkop,

Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9239.

A. huillensis, Rendl.

Panplaats, Pan Station, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy 13264; Johannesburg, Hutton

254; Pyramid Hstate, near Potgietersrust, Galpin 8884.

XVI. CYMBOPOGON, Spreng. (134Fr).

Spikelets 2-nate, those of each pair differing in sex and more or less in shape—except

those of the lowest pair of the lower or of both racemes, which are homogamous (¢ or

neuter)—one sessile, the other pedicelled on the articulate fragile rhachis of many-jointed

paired racemes, terminating the culms and their branches; raceme-pairs supported by a

spatheole, collected into often decompound or supra-decompound spatheate paniclis ;

the fertile spikelets falling with the contiguous joint and the accompanying pedicel ; joints

and pedicels filiform or linear with frequently more or less cupular or auricled tips, those

of the lowest pair (raceme-base) often conspicuously swollen, oblong or barrel-shaped, and

hard. Florets 2; lower reduced to an empty valve, upper ¥ in the sessile spikelets of the

heterogamous pairs, ¢, rarely neuter, in those of the homogamous pairs and in the pedicelled

spikelets. Fertile spikelets dorsally, rarely laterally, compressed, awned (normally) ;

callus very short, obtuse, shortly bearded. Glumes equal or subequal, more or less

chartaceous, the lower almost flat or slight y depressed or narrowly grooved on the back

with at least from the middle upwards sharply inflexed margins, 2-keeled, the upper more

or less boat-shaped, keeled upwards, usually l-nerved. Valves ciliate or ciliolate (some-

times obscurely), of the lower floret entire, hyaline, 2-nerved, of the upper 2-fid or 2-lobed,

248

hyaline, rarely firmer and almost stipe-like below the insertion of the awn ; column ot awn,

if any, smooth. Valvule 0. Lodicules 2, minute, glabrous. Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally

exserted ; styles terminal. Grain oblong in outline, subterete to plano-convex in cross-

section ; embryo about half the length of the grain. Pedicelled spikelets usually slightly

different in shape and size from the sessile, but never depressed or grooved on the back.

Glumes muticous, the lower chartaceous to subchartaceous, the upper thinner. Of the

valves, only that of the lower floret piesent hyaline, 2-neived ; upper floret usually repre-

sented by a naked ¢ flower, rarely suppressed.

Perennial, densely tufted and usually aromatic grasses, with often very coarse leaves,

and frequently much compound and contracted spatheate panicles.

C. marginatus, Stapf. (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 280 = Andropogon nardus, var.

margmatus, Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 351).

Groenkloof, Pretoria, Phillips; Beginsel, Standerton, Burtt-Davy 1807; Hout-

bosch, Pietersburg District, Bolus 10932; Crocodile River, near Pretoria, Burtt-

Davy 9281; Wonderboom, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 8912; Pilgrims Rest,

Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 439.

C. validus, Stapf. (=Andropogon nardus, var. validus, Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 352).

Hamanskraal, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 1085.

One of the tambookie grasses.

C. plurinodes, Stapf. (=Andropogon pluri nodis, Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 353).

Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 3897, 5462, 966; Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb.

21110; Koster River, Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 170, 1387; Vierfontein, Schweizer

Reneke, Burtt-Davy 1631; Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 9173; near

Smitskraal, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 10099; Doornkloof, Irene, near Pretoria,

Pole Evans 384.

C. excavatus, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 285 = Andropogon Schoenanthus, var.

versicolor, Hack, ex Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 354).

Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21142 ; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Water-

berg, Galpin M.417; Heilbron, Vereeniging, Brandmuller 27; Johannesburg,

Bryant D. 25 ; Skinners Court, Pretoria, Natwe Aaron in Nat. Herb. H. 213 ; Downs,

Zoutpansberg, Junod 4084; Welverdiend Station, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy

14583; Sterk Hill, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 470; Waterval Boven, Burtt-Davy

1438; Crocodile River, Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 9288; Irene, near Pretoria,

Pole Evans in Nat. Herb. 216, 353, 204.

One of the turpentine grasses containing an essential oil that gives the grass a hot,

bitter taste. It is seldom eaten by stock.

XVII. HYPARRHENIA, Anderss. (134¢).

Spikelets 2-nate, those of each pair differing in sex and more or less in shape, or those

of the lowest pair or pairs homogamous (¢ or neuter), one sessile, the other pedicelled,

on the articulate fragile rhachis of few- to many-jointed paired racemes, termirating the

culms and their branches; raceme-pairs supported by a spatheole, collectcd into scanty

or compound to decompound spatheate panicles; the fertile spikelets falhrg with the

contiguous joint and the accompanying pedicel; joints and pedicel finely fihiorm with

more or less obliquely truncate sometimes obscurely auricled tips, in raccmes with homoga-

mous spikelets, the joint or joints below the lowest fertile spikelet enterirg into the

formation of the raceme-base, shorter to very short, eciliate and tardily disarticulating.

Florets 2; lower reduced to an empty valve, upper 8 in the sessile spikelets of the

heterogamous pairs, ¢ or neuter (rarely quite suppressed) in those of the homegamous

pairs and in the pedicelled spikelets. Fertile spikelets more or less flattened dorsally, but

with rounded sides, awned, very rarely awnless; callus short and obtuse or more

often acute to pungent, shortly bearded. Glumes equal, more or less chartaceous,

mostly thin, the lower narrowly truncate or 2-dentate, sometimes with a very shallow

249

longitudinal depression, with very narrow involute margins up to two-thirds or more,

then equally narrowly inflexed from the very fine short or obscure keels, the upper narrowly

and shallowly boat-shaped, rounded on the back below, finely keeled towards the tips

only, 3-nerved. Valves ciliate or ciliolate or that of the upper floret glabrous, of lower

floret hyaline, 2-nerved (often very faintly), rarely quite nerveless, of upper stipitiform

with a very fine delicate base, above it gradually hardened with narrow hyaline margins,

which usually run out into minute teeth, passing between the teeth into the mostly

distinctly kneed more or less hirtellous or subplumose awn. Valvule 0, rarely a small

hyaline scale. Lodicules 2, minute, glabrous. Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally exserted ;

styles terminal. Grain oblong in outline, subterete to plano-convex in cross-section ;

embryo about half the length of the grain. Pedicelled spikelets acute, often mucronate

or aristulate from the lower glume, usually somewhat longer than the fertile and more

distinctly 2-keeled (often from below the middle). Valves of both florets developed, even

in neuter spikelets, rarely the upper or both suppressed.

Perennial or annual, mostly coarse, grasses, with often large loose, rarely much

contracted, panicles, never aromatic.

H. hirta, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 315 = Andropogon hirtus, Linn.; Stapfin

Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 355).

Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21127; Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb.

H. 5161; Burtt-Davy 3395, 3802; Heilbron, Brandmuller 26; near Wolhuters,

Sterkstroom, Burtt-Davy 133; Malmanie Oog, Burtt-Davy 77, 70; Uitgevallen,

Heidelberg District, Burtt-Davy 12668; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in

Nat. Herb. H. 4383 ; Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21127; Kaalfontein,

near Pretoria, Pole Evans in Nat. Herb. H. 17561; Irene, near Pretoria, Burti-

Davy 33 Pole Evans 225, 354, 403,

“Useful as a thatch grass when no better grass is at hand.” —Brandmuller.

H. auctus, Stapf (= Andropogon auctus, Stapf, in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 357).

The Willows, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 1694; Johannesburg, Bryant C.40; Vlak-

fontein, near Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 4029; Sterkstroom, Rusten-

burg, Burtt-Davy 138.

H. rufa, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 304 = Andropogon rufus, Kunth., ex Stap

in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 358).

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Rogers 12510; Barberton, Burtt-Davy 278, 246;

Zoutpansberg, Wordsdeel in Nat. Herb. H.5918: Sterk Hill, Lydenburg, Burtt-

Davy 469.

H. dregeana, Stapf (=Andropogon dregeanus, Nees, ex Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 359).

Stream at Houtenbek, near Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 517: Sterk Hill, Lyden-

burg, Burtt-Davy 469.

“This grass yielded pulp of good quality; an excellent brown paper could be made

from it by treatment with small amounts of caustic soda, while the pulp obtained with

larger proportions of caustic soda could be readily bleached and used for the manufacture

of white paper of good quality.”—Imp. Inst. Rep., 8/5/18.

H. dichroa, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 302 = Andropogon dichroos, Steud., ex

Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 360).

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Burtt-Davy 2631.

“Used as a thatching grass in the Orange Free State.”—Hzlder.

H. Buchanani, Stapf (=Andropogon Buchanani, Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 362).

Premier Mine, Pretoria, Menzies 8; Skinners Court, Pretoria, Natwe Aaron

in Nat. Herb. H.7906; Sterk Hill, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 469; Irene, near

Pretoria, Burit-Davy 36.

“Tts stems are slender, 4-54 ft. long with pith in the internodes and somewhat

refractory nodes 10-15 in. apart; the ultimate fibres are mostly 1.5-2.5 mm. in length,

200

Plate 111. Hyparrhenia glauca, Stent.

A, Lower glume of pedicelled spikelet ; B, Upper glume of pedicelled spikelet ; C, Sessile spikelet

(showing lower glume); D, Upper glume of sessile spikelet ; E, Lower valve of sessile spikelet ;

F, Upper valve of sessile spikelet ; G, Pistil and stamens of sessile spikelet ; H, Ligule.

251

and somewhat drastic treatment is required to bleach the pulp to a pale cream colour.

but the paper produced is opaque, of good strength and quality, and does not shrink

appreciably in the drying. It gives a good, long fibre pulp suitable for strong brown paper,

or, after bleaching, for fairly good cream-coloured or white paper, and is regarded as of

about the same value as Algerian esparte.”—Imp. Inst. Bull. XIX, 2, 1921.

H. cymbatia, Stapf (Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 332 = Andropogon cymbarius, Linn., ex

Stapf, Flor. Cap., VII, 360).

New Agatha, Zoutpansberg, McCallum in Nat. Herb. 189 ; Irene, near Pretoria

Hutchins in Nat. Herb. H. 193; Malta, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4431 ; Zeerust,

Burtt-Davy 119 ; White Umbelusi, Burtt-Davy 10609 ; Magoobaskloof, Houtbosch.

berg, Burtt-Davy 2604; Pyramid Estate, near Potgietersrust, Galpin 8887.

H. tamba, Anderss. (Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 336).

Waterval Onder, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 393; Waterval Boven, Carolina, Burtt-

Davy 1419, 392.

H. variabilis, Stapf (Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 334).

Godwan River, Carolina, Pole Evans 692.

H. filipendula, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 322 = Andropogon filipendulus,

Hochst., ex Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 362).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 415; Wolverkraal, Kameel

River, Pole Evans 610; Godwan River, Pole Evans 593; Shilovane, Zoutpansberg,

Junod 2213, 96.

H. Ruprechtii, Fourn. (Stapf in Pram, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 326 = Andropogon Ruprechti,

Hack., ex Stapf in Dyer, Flor Cap., VII, 365).

Warmbaths, Burtt-Davy 1153; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin

M. 418; between Nelspruit and White River, Barberton, Burtt-Davy 1513;

Komatipoort, Barberton, Burtt-Davy 382; Barberton, Burtt-Davy 288 ; Spring-

bok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1120.

“Zulu name “unTshaba. It forms dense clumps reaching 10 ft. in height with hard

nodes 11-14 in. apart. It gives a good yield of pulp, but the ultimate fibres are somewhat

short, mostly ranging from -8 to 2 mm. in length. There is a considerable native demand

for most of these tambookie grasses for thatch.”—Imp. Inst. Bull., Vol. XIX, 2, 1921.

H. glauca, Stent, n. sp.

Gramen perenne, ad 240 cm. altum, innovationibus intravaginalibus; culmi vale-

dissimi, erecti, 4-8 mm. diam. tereti, glabri, saepe rubescentes, plus minus pruinosi, 7-9

nodis, supra nodis tumidi, simplices vel ramosi.

Vaginae foliorum firmae, teretes vel apicem versus tenuiter, carinatae, glabrae.

Ligulae scariosae, rotundatae, ad 4 mm. longae, flavae vel rufae, glabrae. Laminae lineares,

apicem setiformam paullatum, attenuatae, ad 80 cm. longae, 12 mm. latae, glabrae, glaucae,

subtus laevae, supra marginibusque scabrae ; costa parvis valida, ad basim 2—-4-mm. lata,

supra albida, subtus prominenta, nervis utrinque lateralibus 4-5. Panicula longa, laxa,

gracilis, 5-8 nodis; internodis infimis ad 29 cm. longis, sequentabus breviorebus, folia

subtendenta perfecta, sed apicem versus minora. Rami primarii fasciculati, plerumque

3-4 nati, inferiores 30-60 cm. longi ab basim 10-30 cm. indivisi, plerumque 3—4-nodi ;

ramuli filiformi, 1-4 pedunculis spatheates simplices ferenti. Spatheolae angustae, 4-6 cm.

longae, setaceo-acuminatae, apicem versus rubescentes, cetera glauco-virides, deinde

omnino rubescentes, glabrae, vel pilis longis dispersis, minute scaberulae. Pedunculi

communes filiforme, ad 45 mm. plerumque circa 15 mm. longi, in spatheolis inclusi, apicem

versus longe albido-hirsutae. Racemorum basi breviores, dense pubescentes, et pilis albidis

longis etuberculis ortis barbata, spicula infimae basi in appendici scarioso denticulato

1 mm. longo producti. Racemi spatheola a latere exserti, plus—minus (aliquardo late)

divaricati, tandem reflecti et plus minus contigui, circa 15 mm. longi, aristis 8 quoque

racemorum pare; articuli pedicellique gracilis, ciliati, spiculae duae racemis infimis basi

mucronatae, 12 mm. longae. Spicula pedicellata ¢ 12 mm. longa; gluma inferior angusta,

252

virida, carinis scabridis, minute bidentata, mucrona ad 2 mm. longa, 11-13 nervis,

prominentibus sparse appresseque pilis longis hirsuta ; gluma superior gracile membranacea,

3-5 nerva, lineare lanceolata, acute acuminata, pilis longis appressis ; valva hyalina, glumis

paulo brevior, ciliata I1—nerva; lodiculae carnosae, cuneatae; -5 mm. longae; antherae

ad 4 mm. longae. Spicula sessila % , pallido-virida, 5 mm. longa, callum brevior obtusem

sparse barbatum annumerans ; gluma inferior minute truncata, hirsuta, dorso plano, in

parte superior carinis duobus, 7-nervis; gluma superior tenuiter chartacea, marginibus

hyalinis 3-nervis, carina lata rotundata; valva inferior paulo glumis brevior, angusta,

hyalina, enerva, apice abtuse ; valva superior glumis multa brevior, hyalina, biloba, lobis

angustis, obtusis; arista gracila, circa 10 mm. longa; caryopsis oblonga; stylc distincti.

Groenkloof Valley, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21425.

The upper valve of the hermaphrodite floret often appears to be stipitiform, the delicate

hyaline margins and lobes being closely rolled round the base of the awn.

A remarkably glaucous species; the light blueish-grey colour of the foliage renders it

most conspicuous from a distance.

XVIII. MONOCYMBIUM, Stapf (1341).

Spikelets 2-nate, those of each pair differing in sex and structure otherwise alike in

shape, one sessile, the other pedicelled on the articulate fragile rhachis of many-jointed

solitary racemes, terminating the culms and their branches; each raceme supported by

a spatheole and forming with it a monostachyum; monostachya collected into loose

spatheate panicles ; the fertile spikelets falling with the adjacent joint and the accompanying

pedicel ; joints and pedicels finely filiform with truncate tips. Florets 2; lower reduced

to an empty valve, upper % in the sessile spikelets, § in the pedicelled. Sessile spikelets

dorsally flattened with rounded sides, awned ; callus short and obtuse, indistinctly marked

off from the lower glume, obscurely bearded. Glumes sub-equal, thinly cartilaginous,

the lower obtuse, with narrow involute margins, not or very obscurely keeled near the tips,

the upper boat-shaped, rounded on the back, laterally compressed and keeled in the upper

third, usually aristulate, 3-nerved. Valve of the lower floret hyaline, ciliate, of the upper

eciliate, deeply 2-fid, with a hyaline base, margins and lobes, otherwise cartilaginous,

eciliate, delicately awned from between the lobes. Valvule 0. Lodicules 2, minute, cunei-

form, glabrous. Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally exserted ; styles terminal. Grain oblong,

dorsally slightly compressed ; embryo about half the length of the grain. Pedicelled

spikelets in outline and size, very similar to the sessile, but muticous. Valves of both

florets developed, hyaline, or the upper more frequently suppressed.

A perennial grass, with the coloured cymbiform spatheoles of a Hyparrhenia of the

Cymbaria group, but easily recognized by its solitary racemes.

M. cerisiiforme, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 386 = Andropogon cerisuformis,

Nees., in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 337).

Groenkloof, Pretoria, Phillips H. 21°85 ; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg,

Galpin M. 416; Johannesburg, Bryant D.6; Sterk Hill, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy

457; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 5501; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in Nat. Herb. 131;

Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 7769; Panplaats, Pan Station, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy

13263; Cypress Point, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4085; Naboomfontein, Schlechter

4300; Belfast, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy 1335; Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat.

Herb. H. 21113; Pyramid Estate, near Potgietersrust, Galpin 8888.

XIX. HETEROPOGON, Pers. (1241).

Spikelets 2-nate, those of the lower (1 to many) pairs alike in sex and shape, ¢ or neuter,

of the upper pairs differing in sex and strikingly so in shape, one of each pair sessile, the

other pedicelled on the many-jointed rhachis of solitary racemes, terminating the culms

and their upper branches; rhachis tough or upwards tardily disarticulating and glabrous

between the homogamous pairs, readily disarticulating above them; homogamous pairs

253

ong-persistent, the spikelets of the heterogamous pairs falling separately, the pedicelled

with the pedicel, the sessile with the adjacent joint and the adjacent pedicel or its base.

Florets 2; lower reduced to an empty valve, upper @ or ¥ in the sessile spikelets of the

heterogamous pairs, 3 or neuter in all the other spikelets. Fertile spikelet terete or sub-

terete, awned; callus long, pungent, densely bearded upwards. Glumes equal; the

lower coriaceous, rarely chartaceous, more or less tightly involute, quite keelless, nerves

obscure, often connected by a few transverse nerves in the upper part; the upper with a

deep longitudinal groove on each side, coriaceous, rarely chartaceous, between them,

thinner towards the margins, membranous at the tips, 3-nerved. Valve of lower floret

hyaline, nerveless, of upper floret stipitiform from a hyaline very slender base, cartilaginous

upwards and passing into a usually stout geniculate awn. Valvule small or 0. Lodicules

large or more or less reduced, to very minute. Stamens 3, often rudimentary, or 0.

Stigmas exserted terminally or laterally. Grain more or less linear in outline, subterete,

slightly dorsally compressed ; embryo somewhat exceeding the middle of the grain. Male

(or neuter) spikelets dorsally flattened, usually slightly asymmetric, and often somewhat

twisted, muticous, imbricate. Lower glume herbaceous, many-nerved, winged upwards

from one or both keels; upper membranous, lanceolate-oblong, acute, 3-nerved. Valves

hyaline, 1-nerved, well developed or more or less reduced. Stamens 3 or 0.

Perennial or annual grasses, with simple or more often upwards branched culms;

branches few to many, mostly flowering and gathered into a spatheate panicle ; racemes

conspicuously dorsiventral, the bases of the g (or neuter) spikelets subimbricate on the

back of the raceme, their upper parts bending forward around the sides, forming a hollow

in which the fertile spikelets are enclosed, with their awns exserted anticously and often

intertwisted.

H. contortus, Roem. & Schult. (Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 410 = Andropogon

contortus, L. in Flor. Cap., VII, 350).

Kimberley, Wilman ; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, in loam formation,

Galpin M. 412; Koster River, Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 151; Leeuwpoort No. 195,

Carolina, Burtt-Davy 7332 ; Spitzkop, Ermelo, Pott 5210; Warmbaths, Waterberg,

Burtt-Davy 2225; near Nylstroom, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2104; Schweizer

Reneke, Burtt-Davy 1665; Welverdiend Station, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy

14578 ; Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 9183; Experiment Farm, Ermelo,

Burtt-Davy 915.

“Spear grass ’—‘‘ Steek gras.” A useful fodder grass when young, but the sharp-

bearded calli of the mature spikelet render the grass, when in seed, very troublesome and

often dangerous to stock, the “seeds” often pierce right into the flesh of small stock, causing

great irritation and even in some cases death ; in cattle, these “sccds ” have been known

not only to injure the beasts, but to materially damage the hide for commercial purposes.

XX. CLEISTACHNE, Benth. (134).

Spikelets solitary, all alike, ¥ , pedicelled on the tough rhachis of racemosely arranged

or panicled racemes, falling entire from the thickened tips of the pedicels. Florets 2 ;

lower reduced to an empty valve, upper 8. Glumes equal, very similar, with involute

margins, more or less coriaceous, delicately 7—9-nerved, muticous. Valves hyaline, lower

2-nerved, upper 2-dentate or subentire, 3-nerved, with a twisted flexuous awn from the

sinus or tip. Valvule very minute, ciliate. Lodicules 2, broad-cuneate, sparingly ciliate.

Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally exserted, plumose. Grain oblong to obovoid-oblong, very

obtuse to truncate ; embryo half the length of the grain.

Annual, rather coarse grasses. Leaf-blades long, flat, with stout midribs. Panicles

narrow, more or less contracted, greyish or fulvously hairy.

C. sorghoides, Benth. (Stapf in Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 154).

Godwan River, Carolina, Pole Evans 694.

A tropical grass and a new record for the Transvaal.

254

XXI. THEMEDA, Forsk. (136).

Spikelets 2-nate (the terminal 3-nate), those of the lower two pairs alike in shape and

sex, g or neuter, sessile to subsessile and closely approximate so as to form an involucre,

of the following pair or pairs differing in sex and conspicuously so in shape, one of each

pair sessile, the other pedicelled, on the rhachis of solitary racemes, terminating the culms

and their upper branches; rhachis terete, tough or tardily disarticulating ard glabrous

between the homogamous pairs, readily disarticulating below the fertile spikelets ; homoga-

mous pairs or at least their sessile members persistent, the spikelets of the heterogamous

pairs falling separately, the pedicelled with the pedicel, the sessile with the adjacent joint

(if more than 1) and the base or bases of the adjacent pedicels. Florets 2; lower reduced

to an empty valve, upper ¢ or neuter in the homogamous spikelets ard the pedicelled

members of the heterogamous pairs, $ in the sessile members of the latter. Fertile spikelets

terete, awned or awnless; callus usually acute to pungent, densely bearded, beard more

or less concealing the adjacent joint or pedicel-bases. Glumes equal, coriaccous, except

at the submembranous tips; lower tightly involute, quite keelless, nerves very fine,

obscure except in transmitted light. the upper with a deep longitudinal groove on each side,

very firm between them, thin long, the margins 3-nerved. Valve of lower floret hyaline,

nerveless, of upper floret stipitiform from a hyaline 1-nerved base, cartilaginous upwards

and passing into a stout geniculate awn or hyaline and 1-nerved throughout, with the nerve

becoming stouter upwards and passing into a more or less reduced awn or quite awnless.

Valvule hyaline, nerveless, small or 0. Lodicules 2, somewhat large, glabrous. Stamens

3. Stigmas exserted subterminally or from near the middle of the floret. Grain linear-

obovate, subterete, grooved on the face; embryo about half as long as the grain.

Involucral spikelets dorsally much compressed, awnless. Lower glume more or less

herbaceous, 2-keeled ; upper membranous, very rarely suppressed. Both florets present

or one or both suppressed, their valves hyaline, the upper with or without a valvule.

Pedicelled spikelets of the heterogamous pairs similar to those of the homogamous pairs,

but narrower.

Annual or perennial ; usually coarse grasses, with scanty or compound to decompound

spatheate panicles, and scattered or more or less crowded and often glomerate short 1- or

2- (very rarely 3-) awned or awnless monostachya.

T. triandra, Forsk. (Stapf in Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 3, 416 = Anthistiria imberbis, Retz., ex

Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 366).

Var. Burchelli, Stapf.

Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1642.

Var. hispida, Stapf.

Near Nylstroom, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2025a ; Arcadia, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy

12324; Ermelo, Miss Tennant in Nat. Herb. 259; Carolina, Burtt-Davy 7425;

Crocodile River, Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 224; Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Evitt-

Davy 9174; Komatipoort, Barberton, Burtt-Davy 362; Potchefstroom Farm,

Burtt-Davy 1052; Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burit-Davy 3809; Springbok Flats,

Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1119.

Var. glauca, Stapf.

Meintjes Kop, Pretoria, Miss Landsdell in Nat. Herb. 253; Mosdene, Naboom-

spruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 420.

Var. punctata, Stapf.

Near Nylstroom, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2012; Mariestad, Pott 5212; Belfast,

Lydenberg, Burtt-Davy 1333; Sterk Hill, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 455.

This is the well-known rooi gras—an excellent pasture and hay grass if cut before

it gets too ripe. It is one of the grasses examined at the Imperial Institute for paper-

making and was found to yield about the same quality and quantity of pulp as the tam-

bookie and dek grasses previously reported on, except that the nodes being harder would

require more boiling to render then soft enough for the purpose.

250

XXII. ANTHEPHORA, Schreb. (146).

Spikelets lanceolate to ovate-oblong, sub-sessile in deciduous squarrose clusters

4-6, on the very short branches of a cylindric apparently simple spike ; lower floret reduced.

to an empty valve, upper % or g, with or without the rudiments of an ovary. Glumes

very dissimilar, lower always turned away from the centre of the cluster, coriaceous, oblong

to lanceolate, distinctly nerved on the inner side, upper hyaline, setaceously subulate from

a small ovate base. Valves more or less equal, usually shorter than the lower glume ;

lower oblong, hyaline, 5-7-nerved ; upper similar, but firmer and 3-nerved. Pale equalling

the valve and of similar substance, 2-nerved. Lodicules 0. Stamens 3; filaments fleshy

at the base when young. Ovary lanceolate-oblong. Styles free or nearly so, very slender.

Stigmas plumose, slender, exserted from or near the apex. Grain oblong-ellipsoid, enclosed

in the spikelet ; hilum punctiform; embryo large, equalling about half the length of the

grain.

Perennial or annual; culms tufted and erect, or ascending from a prostrate base ;

ligules large scarious ; spikelets in subspicate clusters with the irrespective lower glumes

turned outwards so as to form a false involucre, usually with gaps between their bases.

A. pubescens, Nees.

Hamanskraal, Pretoria District, Pole Hvans 392; Doornkloof, Irene, near

Pretoria. Pole Evans 222.

Also known to occur plentifully near Naboomspruit in the Waterberg District and at

Potchefstroom. A tufted grass with very glaucous leaves, useful pasture for stock, one of

the earliest grasses in Bechuanaland.

XXIII. TRAGUS, Haller (143).

Spikelets sessile, in deciduous clusters of 2-4 on the filiform continuous axis of a cylindric

spike-like panicle ; rhachilla tough, not continued beyond the floret. Floret 1, $, some-

what shorter than the upper glume. Glumes very dissimilar, lower facing the rhacis,

minute, hyaline, or suppressed, upper 5-ribbed or 5-nerved, membranous between the

hispid or spinehooked ribs or nerves, exceeding the valve. Valve lanceolate or lanceolate-

oblong, membranous, 3-nerved. Pale as long as the valve, 2-nerved. Lodicules 2, broad,

cuneate, fleshy. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, very slender. Stigmas narrow, plumose,

terminally exserted. Grain enclosed by the valve and pale, oblong to ellipsoid, slightly

compressed from the back ; embryo about one-third the length of the grain ; hilum puncti-

form, basal.

Annual or perennial; culms erect, ascending or decumbent; blades linear, rather

rigid with cartilaginous spinulously ciliate margins; ligules reduced to a delicate ciliate

rim ; panicles cylindric, slender ; all the spikelets of a cluster, fertile, or often one more or

less reduced. :

T. racemosus, All.

Kaffraria, Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 14109; near Bloemhof, Burtt-

Davy 1504; Warmbaths, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 863; near Nylstroom, Water-

berg, Burtt-Davy 2084; Potgietersrust, Waterb>rg, Burtt-Davy 2244 ; Mosdene,

Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 409 ; Barberton, Burtt-Davy 241 ; Pretoria,

Miss Tennant in Nat. Herb. H. 6313; Vereeniging, Brandmuller 30; Zeerust,

Marico District, Burtt-Davy 115.

“Carrot seed grass’’—a common weed of most warm countries.

T. Koelerioides, Aschers.

Vierfontein, Schweizer Reneke, Burtt-Davy 1630 ; near Ramboespruit, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 1521.

Creeping carrot seed grass—a short creeping grass, useful only as a crop for sheep.

256

XXIV. MOSDENIA, Stent (143).

Spikelets sessile, solitary on the notches of a ribbed and scabrid common axis disarticu-

lating from below the glumes and falling entire. Floret 1. Glumes subequal to equal, 3-4

mm. long, lower rather longer and broader than the upper, cymbiform, falcate rigidly

membranous with a prominent scabrid keel; upper like the lower, but narrower and

straighter. Valve about 3 mm. long, delicately hyaline, 1-nerved or sub 3-nerved. Pale

nearly equalling the valve. Stamens 3. Ovary ovate. Styles short, distinct. Lodicules

truncate, about as large as the ovary.

A prostrate ascending stoloniferous perennial, the stolons being covered with short,

dry, densely imbricating scales. Leaf-sheaths tight, terete, the lower short. Ligule short,

membranous. Inflorescence of solitary spikes terminating the culms.

M. Waterbergensis, Stent (Bothalia I, 3, 170).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 447.

A monotypic genus.

XXV. PEROTIS, Ait. (148).

Spikelets very small, narrow, sessile or sub-sessile on the continuous axis of a spike or

a lax spike-like raceme, jointed on and falling entire from the axis or the rudimentary

pedicels ; rhachilla not continued beyond the floret. Floret 1, $, much shorter than the

glumes. Glumes equal, linear or linear-lanceolate, rigidly membranous, 1-nerved, passing

into capillary awns. Valve lanceolate, acute, delicately hyaline, l-merved. Pale very

minute, hyaline nerveless. Lodicules 2, broad, cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles distinct,

short. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain cylindric, slender, exserted from the

unchanged floret and enclosed with it in the glumes; embryo about one-third the length

of the grain; hilum punctiform, basal.

Annual or subperennial; culms leafy; blades usually broad, rigid, and ciliate ;

ligules hyaline ; spikes or pseudo-spikes slender, crinite from the long capillary awns.

P. latifolia, Ait.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 441; Warmbaths, Waterberg,

Burtt-Davy 861; Barberton, Burtt-Davy 8014; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson

in Nat. Herb. H. 4436; Riviera, Pretoria, Mogg in Nat. Herb. 10085; Waterval

Boven, Burtt-Davy 1410; Koster River, Pietersburg, Burtt-Davy 157; Pyramid

Estate, near Potgietersrust, Galpin 8883.

XXVI. ARUNDINELLA, Raddi. (153).

Spikelets small, 24 lin. to less than 1 lin. long, acute or acuminate, panicled, continuous

with or imperfectly jointed on the pedicels,; rhachilla disarticulating between the valves,

glabrous, not produced beyond the upper floret. Florets 2, heteromorphous; lower g,

rarely barren or %, upper 9. Glumes persistent, acuminate, membranous, strongly

3-5-nerved, upper usually longer. Lower valve thin, equalling the lower glume or slightly

longer, subacute or minutely truncate, 3-7-nerved ; upper valve terete, rarely dorsally

subcompressed, finally cartilaginous, entire or minutely 2-fid, 3-7-nerved, minutely

scaberulous, lobes sometimes produced into fine bristles; awn terminal or from between

the lobes, short, kneed or straight, or 0; callus very short, obtuse. Pales linear, 2-keeled ;

flaps more or less auricled. Lodicules 2, cuneate, rather fleshy or 0 in the lower floret.

Stamens 3 or 0 in the lower floret. Ovary glabrous, oblong cr more or less arrested, or 0

in the lower floret. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain oblong

to ellipsoid, terete or dorsally subcompressed, tightly embraced by the valve and pale,

free; hilum punctiform; embryo large; albumen hard.

Perennial, rarely annual; leaves various; panicles usually rather stiff; branches stiff,

divided from the base.

207

A. Ecklonii, Nees.

Vlakfontein, near Amersfort, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 4055 ; Skinners Court,

Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 5076 ; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 5407 ; White Umbelusi,

Zoutpansberg, Burtt-Davy 10607 ; Waterval Boven, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1400 ;

Vereeniging, Brandmuller 2.

“A coarse, hard grass of vleis and swamps; of apparently little feeding value ’—

Burtt-Davy.

XXVII. MELINIS, Beauv. (154).

Spikelets linear-oblong, small, laterally compressed, panicled, deciduous from the

capillary pedicels; lower floret reduced to an empty valve; upper %. Glumes very

dissimilar, lower reduced to a minute scale, upper membranous, shortly 2-lobed, mucronulate

from the sinus, prominently 7-nerved, glabrous, rarely hairy. Valves very dissimilar ;

lower rather like the upper glume, but more deeply lobed and usually with a fine awn from

the sinus, 5-nerved ; upper smaller, very thin and rigidly membranous, minutely 2-lobed,

shining, obscurely 3-l1-nerved with an equal, obscurely 2-nerved pale of similar substance.

Lodicules 2, very delicate. Stamens 3. Styles free, slender. Stigmas plumose, laterally

exserted. Grain unknown.

Perennial or annual (?) ; culms ascending from a prostrate, very slender, many-noded,

branched base ; ligules reduced to a fringe of short hairs ; panicle contracted narrow, much

divided, with capillary branchlets and pedicels ; spikelets usually purple, at least, at the tip.

M. tenuinervis, Stapf (=M. minutiflora, var. pilosa, Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 447).

Barberton, Burtt-Davy 270; Tzaneen, Mogg in Nat. Herb. H. 10454.

Nearly related to the molasses grass of tropical Africa—Melinis minutiflora.

XXVIII. ALLOTEROPSIS, Presl. (1614).

Spikelets ovate or elliptic to lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, mostly awned,

slightly or conspicuously compressed from the back, falling entire from the pedicels, 2-nate

or fascicled, subsecund and abaxial on the triquetrous rhachis of more or less spiciform

digitate or subdigitate racemes ; lower floret usually g, upper floret §. Glumes unequal,

lower smaller, membranous to hyaline, 3-l-nerved, very acute, often mucronulate, upper

equal or subequal to the spikelet, membranous to chartaceous, 5-nerved with the outer

nerves submarginal, densely ciliate along them. Lower floret: valve resembling the

upper glume, but eciliate, the tip minutely truncate and the lateral nerves approximate

to each other and in or near the marginal flexure; valvule short, deeply 2-fid, with con-

spicuously auricled flaps. Upper floret: valve chartaceous, glabrous, delicately ciliolate

upwards, 5-nerved, produced into a straight awn or mucronate ; valvule equal to the valve,

2-keeled, with broadly auricled flaps. Lodicules 2, broadly cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles

distinct. Stigmas laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by the valve and valvule, elliptic-

oblong much compressed; scutellum about half the length of the grain; hilum basal,

punctiform.

Perennial or annual ; leaf-blades flat or more or less convolute ; ligules membranous,

ciliate or ciliolate, short or reduced to a mere rim; racemes sessile or peduncled, often

more or less compound towards the base, digitate or subdigitate on a more or less elongated

common axis.

A. semialata, Hitch, var. Ecklonii, Stapf (Flor. Trop. Afr. IX, 3, 483 = Azonopus

semialatus, Hook, var. Ecklonii, Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 418).

Vereeniging, Brandmuller 47; Ermelo, Tennant in Nat. Herb. 289; Ermelo,

north of Blesbokspruit, Burtt-Davy 946; Carolina, Burtt-Davy 7367, 7446; Belfast,

Burtt-Davy 1323 ; Johannesburg, Bryant D. 3; Germiston, Witwatersrand, Fenn

in Nat. Herb. 316; Beginsel, Standerton, Burtt-Davy 1020, 3082; Meintjes Kop,

Pretoria, Fouche; Derby Station, Marico, Burtt-Davy 7170; Mariestad, Pott

5214; Downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4081.

“ Occasionally grazed when growing among other grasses, but rather coarse.’’—

Burtt-Davy. =r site|

258

XXIX. PASPALUM, Linn. (161).

Spikelets orbicular to oblong, mostly decidedly plano-convex, falling entire from

the short rudimentary pedicels, solitary or paired, secund and abaxial on the dilated or

narrow rhachis of spike-like racemes; lower floret barren, reduced to its valve; upper

floret 3. Glumes: the lower typically suppressed, very rarely represented by a small

scale; the upper more or less equal to the spikelet, rarely shorter or absent, convex,

membranous, 3- or more-nerved. Lower floret: valve very similar to the upper glume,

but usually flat or at least less convex, rarely subconcave, the middle nerve sometimes

suppressed. Upper floret: valve chartaceous to crustaceous with firm margins, obtuse,

emucronate, faintly nerved; valvule subequal to the valve and similar in substance,

tightly embraced by the narrowly involute margins of the valve. Lodicules 2, minute,

broadly cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas laterally exserted near the tip

of the floret. Grain tightly enclosed by the slightly hardened valve and valvule, more

or less biconvex ; scutellum orbicular-elliptic, shorter than half the grain ; hilum subbasal,

punctiform.

Mostly perennial grasses of varying habit.

P. distichum, Linn. (= P. digitaria, Poir., Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 370).

Wonderboom, near Pretoria, Nat. Herb. H. 19604.

P. scrobiculatum, Linn., var. Commersonii, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., 573 = P.

scrobiculatum, L., Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 370).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 389; Middelburg, Nat. Herb.

302; Downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4099; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in

Nat. Herb. 304; Lydenburg, Nat. Herb. 306.

“ Ditch grass,” the Kodo Millet of India—a useful pasture grass in some localities.

“ Known to be poisonous and injurious to animals and man in India. The seed, especially

the testa and pericarp, contain a narcotic poison. . . . Cattle should not be allowed

to feed on it when it is ripening.” —Pammel.

We have no records of poisoning from this grass in South Africa. Susceptible to ergot.

P. dilatatum, Poi.

Occurs as an alien, probably an escape from cultivation, in moist localities. It is

largely cultivated as a pasture and hay crop, but is subject to attacks of ergot (Claviceps

Paspalt). Very good pasture grass for sour veld.

XXX. ERIOCHLOA, H. B. and K. (164).

Spikelets ovate-lanceolate to oblong, acute or acuminate, sometimes finely and shortly

aristulate, slightly compressed from the back, falling entire from the pedicels, 2-nate or

solitary, secund and abaxial on the triquetrous rhachis of more or less spiciform simple

or compound racemosely arranged racemes; lower floret g or barren, upper floret 3.

Glumes very unequal; the lower reduced to a minute cupular rim clasping the callously

thickened bead-like lowest internode of the spikelet, upper corresponding in outline and

size to the spikelet, sometimes shortly aristulate, membranous, faintly 5-nerved, the sub-

marginal nerves sometimes obscure. Lower floret: valve very like the upper glume, if

not slightly shorter; valvule subequal to the valve, 2-keeled or reduced or, like the

lodicules and flower, quite suppressed. Upper floret: valve chartaceous to almost crus-

taceous, glabrous or very minutely puberulous at the apex, faintly 5-nerved, with a fine

barbellate mucro of varying length; valvule equal to the valve, 2-keeled, with moderately

narrow flaps. Lodicules 2, broadly cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas laterally

exserted near the tips of the spikelets. Grain enclosed in its floret and the tightly appressed

lower floret and upper glume, dorsally compressed ; scutellum rather exceeding the middle

of the grain; hilum subbasal, punctiform.

Perennial or annual; leaf-blades more or less flat, ligules reduced to a ciliate rim.

Racemes peduncled or the upper subsessile, racemosely arranged in a narrow panicle.

‘al

Ae ;

SK AN Spe

VA bi?

Plate TV. Briochloa “ouchei, Stent.

A, Rachis of raceme with pedicels; B, Spikelet; C, Upper glume; D, Lower valve ;

E, Upper valve; F, Pale; G, Pistil and stamens.

(

260

E. Fouchei, Stent, n. sp.

Gramen annua. Culmi erecti, vel geniculati, 4-7 nodi, simplices vel nedis inferioribus

ramosi, compressi, glabri, internodi infimi 4-5 cm., cetera breviores, brevite exserti, vel

supremi basim panicula inclusi. Foliorwm vaginae compressae, carinatae, tenuite striatae.

Ligulae ad coronam dense ciliatam 1-5 mm. longa redacta. JLaminae lineares, in apicem

tenuem attenuatae, ad 8 mm. latae, 22 cm. longae, glabrae vel basim pubescente, planae

vel complicatae ; costa gracila, distincta, supra tenuite canaliculata, subtus carinata.

Pancula angusta, ad 21 cm. longa, racemo pluris (ad 20), appressis, vel obliquo patulo,

solitarius, vel 2-3 natis. Rachis communis tenuite sulcatis, minute pubescentis. Racemi

ad 5 cm. longi, internodios excedens, brevite pedunculati, infimi saepe basim compositi :

rachis circa -7 mm. latis, minute pubescentis, supra carina flexua, apex in spiculam terminens.

Pedicelli plerumque 2-nati, longiore ad 2 mm. longi, carinam utroque alternis dispositus,

ideo spiculae in ordines 4 videtae (in paucis racemis pedicelli solitarii ideo spiculae certe

bi-seriatae), hirsuti, pilo longo-rigido albo, apices disciformes infra. Spiculae ad 4-5 mm.

longae, ovato-lanceolatae, aristato-acuminatae, pallido-viridae, internodiis basim globuli-

formis, viridis, vel purpureus, -5 mm. diam.; gluma inferior membrana, cupula redacta:

gluma superior ovato-acuminata, mucronis scabridis -4 mm. longis, 5-sub 7-nervis, quadrans

superior glabrus, cetera sparse hirsuta. Valva inferror gluma superior similis, sed parce

brevior, vacua, ne quidem palea minuta. Valva superior angusto-ovata, glabra sed apice

minute hirsuto, tenuite rugosa, 2-5 mm. longa, 5-nerva, mucrona scabrida, -4 mm. longa ;

palea angusta, plana, dorso tenuite rugoso; antherae 3, purpurescens. Styli distincti.

Gezina, near Pretoria, Fouche 7. The plants growing in the open veld have been

much browsed by stock and they exhibit a prostrate habit with ascending branched culms,

while those within a fenced area where the land has been ploughed are taller ; simple and

erect, or only slightly geniculate from the lowest node.

This plant is very near to E. acrotricha, Hack. It differs from Hackel’s description

of that species in having longer spikelets and a longer panicle with more numerous racemes,

spikelets in most of the racemes distinctly 4-seriate, and the mid-nerve of the leaf grooved

above and prominent below. I have not seen an authentically named specimen of

E. acrotricha, and it may be, as Dr. Stapf suggests, a polymorphic type that will include

this species as well as #. ramosa, but this point can only be settled by the study of a wide

range of material.

This is the first record that we have of the genus occurring in the Union of South Africa.

It appears to be a good fodder grass and stock apparently relish it.

XXXII. UROCHLOA, Beauv. (1664).

Spikelets broad-ovate to elliptic- or lanceolate-oblong, awnless, usually more or less

flattened or slightly depressed abaxially, convex on the back, falling entire frem the pedicels

solitary or 2-nate or in fascicles of 3-4, secund and abaxial on the more or less triquetrous

rarely strap-shaped rhachis of moderately slender or somewhat stout spiciform racemes ;

lower floret 3 or barren, with a well-developed valvule ; upper floret ¥. Glumes similar

and subequal or more often dissimilar and very unequal in length, the lower being the

shorter, upper resembling and more or less equalling the valve of the lower floret, 5-11—

(mostly 7-nerved), with the nerves evenly distributed. Lower floret: valve 5-7-, rarely

more-nerved, the inner lateral nerves somewhat distant from the mid-nerve; valvule

subequal to the valve, with well-developed inflexed flaps and sharp, sometimes marginate,

keels. Upper floret: valve elliptic to rotundate-elliptic in outline, very obtuse with a

usually scabrid or barbellate mucro, crustaceous with firm margins, narrowly involute,

faintly 5—7-nerved ; valvule almost as long as the valve, 2-keeled, its sides tightly embraced

by the valve all along, of the same texture as the latter. Lodicules 2, small, broadly

cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted upwards.

Grain tightly enclosed by the more or less hardened valve and valvule, broadly to rotur date-

elliptic, dorsally compressed, more or less flattened on both faces with broadly rounded

201

sides ; hilum subbasal, punctiform ; embryo half to over three-quarters the length of the

grain.

Perennial or annual; blades linear to lanceolate, flat; ligules reduced to a ciliate

rim ; racemes sessile or subsessile on a common axis, simple or nearly so; rhachis wore

or less triquetrous with a low almost straight or zigzag facial argle or keel, rarely strep-

shaped ; pedicels solitary or in pairs, alternately to the right ard the left of the facial ar gle,

usually reduced to short disc-tipped stumps; or if 2-nate, the primary slightly lcrger;

spikelets close, contiguous or slightly discontiguous, 2- or irregularly pluri-seriate, glabrous

or hairy.

U. trichopus, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 589 = Panicum trichopus, Hochst.,

Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 391).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 398; Pienaars River Station,

Pretoria District, Burtt-Davy 7042; Hector Spruit, Kirk.

* Only grows on old lands, and along roads, etc., but has the merit of being the first

erass to become fresh and green in the early spring before the rains.’—Kvvrk.

U. pullulans, var. mosambicensis, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., TX, 50).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Galpin; Rooikop, Bushveld, Pretoria District, Pole

Evans 155 ; Hamans Kraal, Pretoria District, Pole Hvans 394 ; Pienaars River,

Pretoria District, Pole Evans 165.

“ Very drought resistant; . . . stock are very fond of it in the growing state ;

it has a spreading habit, except where it comes up very thickly, and there it grows erect.”’—

Galpin.

U. helopus, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 595 = Panicum helopus, var. glabrescens,

K. Schum., Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 392).

Johannesburg, Bryant B.6; Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 789; Smitskraal, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 12919 ; Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2224 and Galpin 8866 ;

Hamanskraal, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 1094; Shilovane, Zoutpansberg, Junod

in Govt. Herb. 4682.

An annual weed, known as “ sinande.”’

U. bulbodes, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 593).

Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust, in moist shady places, Galpin 8868; Pot-

sietersrust, Burtt-Davy 2307.

XXXII. BRACHIARIA, Gris. (1668.)

Spikelets oblong to ovate- or elliptic-oblong, awnless, usually more or less flattened

or slightly depressed, convex on the back, falling entire from the pedicels, 1—2-nate, more

rarely in fascicles of 3 or more, secund and abaxial on the triquetrous or flat rhachis of

moderately slender or stout mostly spiciform racemes; lower floret g or barren, with a

usually well-developed valvule, very rarely the latter suppressed. Glumes dissimilar and

mostly very unequal in length, the lower being the shorter, upper resembling, and more or

less equalling, the valve of the lower floret, 5—7- (very rarely 9-) nerved, with the nerves

evenly distributed. Lower floret: valve Be, very rarely 7-nerved, the lateral nerves placed

towards the margins and distant from the middle nerve; valvule usually only shghtly

shorter than the valve, with well-developed inflexed flaps or the latter vanishing above

the middle. Upper floret: valve oblong to elliptic in outline, emucronate, though some-

times contracted into a small projecting point, more or less crustaceous or subcoriaceous

with firm margins, narrowly involute, faintly 5-nerved ; valvule almost as long as the

valve, 2-keeled, its sides tightly embraced by the valve all along, of the same texture as the

latter. Lodicules 2, small, broadly cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose,

laterally exserted from the upper part of the spikelet. Grain tightly enclosed by the more

or less hardened valve and valvule, broad, oblong, or elliptic, dorsally compressed, more

or less flattened on both faces with broadly rounded sides; hilum subbasal, punctiform ;

embryo half to over three-quarters the length of the grain.

Perennial or annual; blades linear to lanceolate, usually flat; ligules reduccd to a

narrow ciliate or ciliolate rim ; racemes usually sub-sessile and solitary on a common axis,

262

sometimes bare at the base owing to the arrest of spikelets, rarely truly peduncled and

panicled (B. pooeoides), simple or compound near the base, rarely to or beyond the middle ;

rhachis filiform, triquetrous or more or less flattened and herbaceous with a wavy or zigzag

midrib, which projects as a mostly acute keel on the face ; pedicels solitary or in pairs,

alternately to the right and the felt of the facial angle or the midrib, if solitary, all short or

very short, if paired, the primary slightly to very much longer ; spikelets closely appressed,

always 2-seriate in the plan, but frequently becoming 1-seriate by the dovetailing of the

alternate spikelets of the closely approximate ranks, more or less contiguous with their

sides or imbricate forming dense spike-like racemes, or distant by almost their own length

or more, glabrous or hairy.

B. brizantha, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 531 = Panicum brizanthum, Hochst.,

Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 386).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 399; Warmbaths, Waterberg

District, Burtt-Davy 1151; near Komatipoort, Black M’belusi to Komati,

Barberton, Burtt-Davy 10658 and 285 ; Skinners Court, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy

3555; Zeerust, Marico, Hughes in Nat. Herb. H. 321; also in tropical Africa.

A very promising pasture grass; birds are very fond of the seed, and on this account

it is difficult to collect sufficient for sowing. “ Large-seeded millet grass,” frost-resistant.

B. mutica, Forsk. (?) (Stapf ex Prain. Flor. Trop. Afr., 1X, 527).

Groenkloof, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21501.

This grass, which originally came from Warmbaths and which has been designated

“ Warmbaths grass,” has never produced flowers. It, however, makes a dense and luxurious

mass of vegetation, the details of which agree in every respect with the description of

Brachiaria mutica, Forsk.; it also resembles exactly plants of Para grass of which we

received roots some two years ago from Australia under that name.

The Penhalonga grass of Rhodesia is also apparently the same grass, and has never

flowered either here or in Rhodesia.

It is a late grass, and susceptible to cold; can be recommended for soil erosion on

account of its long runners.

B. nigropedata, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 535 = Pamcum mgropedatum,

Munro, Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 388).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 397; Hamanskraal, Pretoria

District, Burtt-Davy 1096; Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1109 ;

Kaffraria, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12974; Vierfontein to Schweizer Reneke,

Burtt-Davy 1625.

Krul gras—a sweet grass much relished by all stock.

B. serrata, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 537 = Panicum serratum, Spreng., Stapi

in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 388).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 395; near Nylstroom, Water-

berg, Burtt-Davy 2030; Downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4090; Skinners Court,

near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3811; Bushveld, Pretoria, Reck, Govt. Herb. 3531 ;

Johannesburg, Bryant D. 33, C.13; Beginsel, Standerton, Burtit-Davy 1019;

Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 3145; Vereeniging, Burtt-Davy 7026 ; Schweizer Reneke,

Burtt-Davy 1666; Leeuwpoort, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 7426; Potchefstroom,

Burtt-Davy 1061.

Of little value.

B. Isachne, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 552 = Panicum Isachne, Rott., Stapf

in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 390).

Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1140; ‘Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg,

Sampson in Nat. Herb. H. 4392; Skinners Court, near Pretoria, Burti-Davy 588 ;

Beginsel Farm, Standerton, Burtt-Davy 1793 ; Waterval Boven, Burtt-Lavy 1444 ;

Vlakfontein, near Amersfoort, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 4055 ; Kolonies Plaats,

Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 9094.

A troublesome annual weed.

B. Marlothii, Stent. comb. nov. (=Panicum Marloth, Hack., Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap.,

VII, 390).

Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1672; Kaffraria, near Christiana,

Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 11414.

B. arrecta, Stent, comb. nov. (=Panicum arrectum, Nees, Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII,

393).

Spionkop, Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Bott «nd Bell in Nat. Herb. H. 3401.

XXXII. ECHINOCHLOA, Beauv. (166c).

Spikelets ovate to elliptic- or lanceolate-oblong, usually cuspidate or awned, very

convex on the back, flat or slightly depressed in front, falling entire from the pedicels,

2-nate or clustered, secund and abaxial on the triquetrous rhachis of racemosely arranged

false spikes; lower floret g or barren, upper floret ¥. Glumes unequal, membranous,

the lower much shorter, more or less ovate from a clasping base, 3-5-nerved, often mucronate,

the upper corresponding in length and outline to the spikelet (as seen from the back), very

concave, 5—7-nerved, acute, cuspidulate or cuspidate, rarely produced into a short awn.

Lower floret equalling the upper glume (excluding cusps or awns) ; valve very similar to

the upper glume, but flat or depressed on the back and often with a more pronounced cusp

or an awn ; valvule equal to the body of the valve, or in barren florets more or less reduced,

hyaline, finely 2-keeled. Upper floret: valve ovate to elliptic-oblong, apiculate or obtuse,

very convex on the back, subcoriaceous or crustaceous, polished, faintly 5-nerved, margins

firm, involute up to near the tip, then flat, not embracing the tip of the valvule; valvule

subequal to the valve and similar in substance, with rounded keels and flaps which thin

out towards the flat slightly recurved tips. Lodicules 2, cuneate, fleshy. Stamens 3.

Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose, exserted from near the tips. Grain broad-elliptic,

dorsally flat, ventrally convex; hilum punctiform, subbasal; embryo elliptic-oblong

or ovate, exceeding the middle of the grain.

Perennial, and often tall, or annual; blades linear from a slightly constricted or equally

wide rarely much attenuated base ; ligules 0 or represented by a transverse fringe of hairs ;

panicles of crowded or loosely arranged secund spiciform branches mostly bearing spikelets

from the base or near it ; spikelets more or less hispid on the nerves of the glumes, and the

ower valve, rarely almost smooth.

E. Holubii, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 606 = Panicum Holubu, Stapf in Dyer,

Flor. Cap., VII, 394).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 396; Vereeniging, Brandmuller

29; Vaal River, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 12766; vlei at Hamanskraal, near

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy, 1645.

A grass of moist situations, much relished by cattle.

E. stagnina, P. Beauv. (Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 617 = Panicum stagninum,

Retz., Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 394).

Potchefstroom, Smith in Nat. Herb. H. 13975; Johannesburg, Kling in Nat.

Herb. H. 8793; Pyramid Estate, near Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Galpin 8909.

E. colona, Link. (Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 607).

Potchefstroom, Bell in Nat. Herb. 7635; Hartebeestedam, near Pretoria, Pole

Evans 699.

An annual, probably introduced, not very common, valued in India as a fodder-grass

and for the grain, which in some districts is used by the natives for food.

XXXIV. PANICUM, Linn. (166).

Spikelets lanceolate to oblong, elliptic or orbicular in outline, symmetrical in profile,

rarely somewhat oblique, falling entire or almost so, from the often elongated pedicels of

a compound or decompound panicle, without a definite orientation towards the axis ;

264

lower floret g or barren, and then usually with a distinct valvule ; upper floret 8. Glumes

more or less herbaccous-membiarous ; the lower usually shoiter tLen the upper (often

by very much), rarely equaling it, usually with 1 01 n-cre nerves 01 1 Very small nerveless ;

upper as lorg as the spikelet, rcurded on the Lack, 5-9-rerved. Icw1 floret: valve

very similar to the upper glume and equally rourded ard curved on the Lack (rarely less

when the spikelets become oblique), 5—9-, rarely 3- or 1d-nerved; valvule thinly mem-

brinous to subhyaline, subequal to the valve or more or less reduced, rarely suppressed.

Upper floret: valve subcoriaceous to coriaceous with firm margins, obtuse to subacute,

emucronate (see 1, P. meyerranum), faintly nerved ; valvule subequal to the valve and of

similar substance. tightly embraced by the more or less involute margins of the valve.

Lodicules 2, broadly cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas laterally exserted

near the tip of the floret. Grain tightly enclosed by the hardened valve and valvule,

dorsally compressed bi-convex to almost plano-convex ; scutellum elliptic to ovate-elliptic,

about half as long as the grain; hilum subbasal, punctiform

Perennial or annual; rarely suffrutescent, of varying habit and size; leaf-blades

mostly linear to linear-lanceolate, but in some groups ovate or filiform to subulate ; panicles

usually much divided and at least temporarily open; spikelets usually loosely scattered,

glabrous or hairy.

P. deustum, Thunb.

The Pyramids, Pretoria, Maynard 21; Pilansberg, Rustenburg, Gibbs in Nat.

Hivb. H. 4342.

P. maximum, Jacq.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3807; Pretoria, Burti-Davy 2190; Bush-

veld, Pretoria, Reck in Nat. Herb, H. 178; De Kroon, Brits, Rustenburg, Stent

in Nat. Herb. H. 6121; Crocodile River, Bwitt-Davy 9284; Spitzkop Farm,

Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 13631 ; Warmbaths, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1147; Pyramid,

near Potgietersrust, Galpin 8871; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin

M. 403; Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1186; Waterval Boven,

Lydenburg District, Burtt-Davy 1417; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in Nat.

Herb. H. 4450.

The “ buffels gras’ of the bushveld, more commonly known in other parts of the

world as Guinea grass; an excellent pasture and hay grass.

The degree of hairyness varies considerably. Burtt-Davy 1417 has very hairy sheaths

and culms, and rather large, glabrous, purple spikelets. Reck. in Nat. Herb. H. 178 and

Galpin 403 exhibit a glaucous form with smaller, greenish, pubescent spikelets, which may

prove to be specifically distinct when more material can be collected and examined.

P. laevifolium, Hack.

Johannesburg, Observatory Hill, Bryant B. 41; Vereeniging, Burtt-Davy 7518 ;

Warmbaths, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1152; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg,

Galpin M. 401; Nylstroom, Waterberg, Driver in Nat. Herb. H. 8947 ard Hilliard

in Nat. Herb. H. 4124; Pietersburg, Zoutpansberg, Van Rooyen in Nat. Herb.

H. 9034; Barberton, Lea in Nat. Herb. H.5875; Middelburg, Ballard in Nat.

Herb. H. 6307; Schweizer Reneke, Burtt-Davy 1677 and 1623; Ermelo Experi-

ment Farm, Burtt-Davy 3890; Teakworth, Standerton District, Stent in Nat.

Herb. H. 19941; Platrand, Standerton, Bwrtt-Davy 2356; Potchefstroom, in

vlei lands, Burtt-Davy 1071, 2375; Belfast, Lydenburg, Burti-Davy 1380;

Christiana, Bloemhof District, Burtt-Davy 12790.

“Roll gras”? or “ Blaauwzaad gras” of the Orange Free State.

An annual sweet grass, valuable as a hay and pasture gyass, very fast growing. It

is sometimes attacked by the parasite Striga lutea. Stent, H. 19941, shows a specimen of

the Panicum bearing Striga lutea on its roots—both host and parasite are in a flourishing

condition ; there were, however, patches on the lands on which J collected this specimen

where the Panicum was dwarfed and stunted, and not more than a few inches high on

account of the attacking parasite.

265

P. longijubatum, Stapf (in Prain. Flor. Trop. Afr., 1X, 718 = Panicum proliferum, var.

longyubatum and var. paludosum, Stapf, in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VII, 406).

Pyrumid Hstate, Potgietersrust, Galpin 8872.

P. coloratum, Linn.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 405 ; near Station, Warmbaths,

Waterberg District, Burtt-Davy 860; Kolonies Plaats, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy

9083; Machavie Station, between Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp, Burtt-Davy

1480; Kaffraria, Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12869, 14125, 14134; Bloem-

hof, Burtt-Davy 1509; Smitskraal, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12924.

P. minus, Stapf.

Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21125; Christiana, Bloemhof District,

Burtt-Davy 11711.

Var. planifolium, Stapf.

Kaffraria, Christiana, Bloemhof District, Burtt-Davy 14137; Potchefstroom,

in black loam near furrow, Burtt-Davy 1211.

“A useful grass; very closely resembling forms of P. coloratum.”’—Burtt-Davy.

P. dregeanum, Nees.

Pyramid Estate, near to Potgietersrust, Galpin 8870.

P. natalensis, Hochst.

Groenkloof, Pretoria, Phillips H. 21686; Johannesburg, Bryant D. 13; Observa-

tory Ridge, Johannesburg, Burtt-Davy 3096; Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb.

H. 5464; Henley-on-Klip. Stent in Not. Herb. H. 2112; Billy’s Vlei, Ermelo,

Burtt-Davy 9312; one mile north of Robinsons, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 2973 ;

Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 3143.

P. Ecklonii, Nees.

Belfast, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 10627.

P. novemnerve, Stapf (in Prain. Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 702).

In sandy places near Mara, north Zoutpansberg, Schlecht. 4614.

Dr. Stapf.in the Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 705, has created a separate species for Schlechter

4614, and described it under the name of Panicum arcuramum. I cannot, however, find

sufficient differences between Schlechter’s specimen and those Dr. Stapf has classified

under P. novemnerve to warrant such distinction, and his description of the latter grass

agrees well with Schlechter’s specimen in which the upper glume is more often than not

9-nerved. The arrangement of the spikelets is also not a constant character.

P. miliaceum, L.

Groenkloof, Pretoria, Turner in Nat. Herb. H.10013; Pyramid, Pretoria,

Maynard 21; Rustenburg, Weeber in Nat. Herb. 6621.

Indian buffels grass. Cultivated; there is no records of this grass occurring spon-

taneously in the Transvaal, except perhaps as an escape from cultivation.

P. obscurans, Stapf (ex Woodrow in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., XIII, 434, 1901).

Pretoria, Franks in Nat. Herb. H. 10616; Wonderboompoort, Pretoria, Mogg

in Nat. Herb. H. 9937; Crocodile River, Burtt-Davy 9290.

The culms of this grass break off at the top node when the seeds are ripe, and the widely

spread, straw-coloured panicle is blown over the veld. The seeds contain a great quantity

of oil, and were responsible for seriously impeding the movements of trains, principally in

the Pretoria, Witwatersrand, and Standerton Districts, where the tops of the grass were

constantly being blown in great masses on to the railway line.

Another report of strange behaviour on the part of this Panicum comes from Krugers-

dorp, which suddenly received a shower of this grass which fell on the streets of the town

like manna from the heavens above. The probable explanation of this phenomenon was

266

that masses of the grass had been collected in the veld by a passing whirlwind, commonly

known in this country as a “ dust devil,” and this had carried the grass along, whirling it

high into the clouds, and finally releasing it over Krugersdorp.

XXXV. DIGITARIA, Hall (166p).

Spikelets lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, flat or more or less concave in front, convex

on the back, falling entire from the pedicels, usually 2-3- (more rarely 4-6-) nate, secund

and abaxial on the triquetrous or flat rhachis of slender to very slender

spiciform racemes; lower floret barren, reduced to the valve and a very minute

rudimentary valvule, accompanied by equally minute lodicules ; upper floret usually equal

to the lower, §. Glumes very dissimilar, the lower a minute membranous scale or a very

delicate readily disintegrating hyaline membrane, or sometimes quite suppressed, upper

membranous, sometimes very thin, as long as the fertile floret to whose back it is appressed,

or shorter to very short, 5- or more often 3-nerved, very rarely 1-nerved or almost nerveless,

or 0. Barren floret: valve sometimes resembling the upper glume, but generally larger

and determining the outline and size of the spikelet, 7-5-nerved ; very rarely 3-nerved or

reduced to a small scale, nerves parallel, prominent if not obscured by hairs. Fertile

floret : valve chartaceous to subchartaceous with thin hyaline margins, faintly 3-nerved ;

valvule equal or subequal to the valve, embraced by it all along, finely 2-nerved, of the

same texture. lLodicules 2, minute, broadly cuneate. Stamens3. Styles distinct. Stigmas

laterally exserted near the top of the floret. Grain tightly enclosed by the slightly hardened

valve and pale, oblong, dorsally more or less compressed, plano-convex in cross-section,

with rounded sides; hilum subbasal, punctiform; embryo usually less than half ‘the

length of the grain.

Perennial or annual, very rarely suffrutescent ; blades linear to linear-lanceolate,

usually flat and often more or less flaccid ; ligules membranous ; racemes sessile, digitate

or more or less distant on a common axis, sometimes bare at the base owing to the arrest

of spikelets, rarely truly peduncled and panicled, simple or sometimes compound near the

base ; rhachis triquetrous, lateral angles with narrow green margins or herbaceous wings

or flattened with a terete midrib; pedicels unequally long; spikelets closely appressed

and more or less imbricate or lax to very lax, usually silky though often apparently

glabrous owing to the very tight application of the extremely fine hairs, rarely really

glabrous.

D. monodactyla, Stapf.

Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5408; Belfast, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy

1345; Botsabelo, Schlechter 3781.

Var. explicata, Stapf (ew Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 442).

Billy’s Vlei, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9254.

Macdonald and Burtt-Davy’s specimens, which I have classified as belonging to the

type as limited by Stapf in the Flor. Trop. Afr. on account of the narrow convolute leaves,

both have some of the basal leaves flat and with well-developed motor cells, and occasionally

three lateral ribs on either side of the midrib.

D. argyrograpta, Stapf.

Potchefstroom Farm, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 1068 ; Kaffraria, Christiana,

Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 14148; Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1141.

D. eriantha, Steud.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 393; Downs, Zoutpansberg,

on open veld, Junod 4086; Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 13666; Vier-

fontein, Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1639; Potchefstroom, Burtt-

Davy 11459.

267

Digitaria Snutsii, Stent.

Plate V.

Scale like

Ky,

D. Lower valve ;

C, Glumes ;

B, Pair of spikelets ;

G, Pale ; H, Pistil and stamers.

A, Base of leaf with ligule ;

pale; F, Upper valve ;

US)

Var. stolonifera, Stapf.

Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 2376; Hamanskraal, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy

1091.

A useful pasture grass. “ Finger gras”; one of our best sweet grasses.

D. Smutsii, Stent, n. sp.

Gramen perenne, dense caespitosum, rhizoma obliquum, g¢emmis innovationalibus.

Culm erecti, geniculati ad 1-5 m. alti, glabri; nodi plurimi ramos florentes ferentes.

Foliorum vaginae glabrae, vel inferiores pilis tuberculis insidentibus conspersa, infimae

basis tomentosae. Ligulae membranaceae, 2-3-5 mm. longae. Laminae lineares, apice

setaceo-acuminata, ad 12 mm. latae, 50 cm. longae, culmerum folia plerumque brevia

lataque, illa innovationum longiores angustiora, laeves, vel marginibus parce asperis,

planae, subtus carinatae, nervis lateralibus primariis untrimque 5-7. Racemi 4-10, plerum-

que 8-10, sessiles, solitarii vel infimi verticillati ex axe communis, plerumque late patentes,

ad 15 cm. longi, plumbeo-viridi vel purpurescentes, inferiores sacpe e basi ramis brevibus ;

rachis tenuis -5 mm. lata, anguste marginata, supra carinata ; pedicelli binati, aliquardo

ternati, vel solitarii, longissimus, ad circa 7 mm. longus. Spiculae appressae, subimbricatae,

anguste ovato- lanceolatae, 3:5 mm. longae, 7 mm. Tatae : gluma in fervor brevissima, mem-

branacea, enerva ; glwma superior angusta, circa 1-2 mm. longa, 3 nervis, pilis bombycinis

inter nervoset in marginibus ; palea squama hyalina -5 mm. longa, rare longiore.

Doornkloof, Irene, near Pretoria, Pole Evans 217; Division of Botany, Pretoria

(cult.), Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21418; Irene, Burtt-Davy 3839; Uitgevallen,

Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 13666; Hamanskraal, near Pretoria, Burtt-Darcy 1089.

Near to D. eriantha, Steud., but a taller, coarser grass, with much-branched culms ;

broader leaves, with 5-7 distinct lateral nerves and a prominent keel; racemes nearly

always widely spreading on an elongated axis and with numerous short additional racemes

at the base of the lower ones. The spikelets are often ternate, sometimes 4-5 on short

branches, and the pedicels are usually long.

This grass has been frequently collected and distributed as D. eriantha. I had seen

only the dried material till General Smuts drew my attention to it growing on his farm

at Irene, and the difference in habit and general appearance between it and D. eriantha

was obvious. It has since been cultivated at the Dry-land Station at Groenkloof, where

it has done well and is proving a very promising grass.

D. setivalva, Stent, n. sp.

wramen perenne, stolonifer. Culmi erecti, vel geniculati, 46-107 cm. alti, 3-5-nodis,

simplices vel plerumque nodis ramatis ; nodus superior longissimus vagina longa exsertus.

Foliorum vaginae tenuae, laxae, viridae, gracile sulcatae, hirsutae, ‘pilis iter gis albis e

tuberculis patentibus (Galpin M. 390 and 394) vel omnino glabrae (Galpin M. 392) vel

tantum pauci nodi hirsuti, ceteri glabri (Burtt-Davy 864); ligulae tenuae membranaceae,

ovatae, integrae, vel tandem fimbriatae, ad 4mm. longae. Laminae lineares, lanceolatae,

base tenuite constrictae et rotundatae, in apicem setaceum attenuatae, glabrae vel exigue

hirsutae, scaberulae ; margines cartilagines, stricti vel aliquantum crispi; costa terua,

nervis lateralibus inconspicuis. Racenr 5-11, digitati vel sub-digitati, erecti vel tenuites

patenti, stricti, ad 20 em. longi, rachis strictus vel tenuite flexuosus, marginibus arguste

alatis, scaber, 6 mm. latus. Spiculae appressae, 3 mm. longae, haud imbricatae, acute

acuminatae, pallide viridae vel flavescentes, hirsutae ; gluma inferior parvissima obtusa,

enerva ; gluwma superior angusta, acute acuminata, cirea 2 mm. longa, 3-nervis, pilis

appressis costa utrinque et cum marginibus longe molliteque ciliatis ; valva iferior spiculam

aequans, 7-nervis, pilis tenuis obtusis inter nervos e marginibusque ; ordines interiores

pilorum cum setis validis albidis vel flavibus nitentibus, acutis, mixti, setae pilique tardcm

patenti; lodiculae et palea minutae; valva superior 3-nervis, valvam inferiorem fere

aequans, sub-apiculata.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, in black turf, Galpin M. 392; on loam formation,

Galpin M. 390, 394, 391; Warmbaths, Burtt-Davy 864; Springbok Flats, Burit-

Davy 1122.

269

This resembles D. marginata, var. fimbriata, Stapf (ex descr.), but is a more robust

grass and a perennial; the thick-walled, sharp-pointed bristles on the lower valves are

constant in all the material examined. In Burtt-Davy 1122, Galpin M. 390, 394, ard 391,

they are bright golden, while in Burtt-Davy 864 and Galpin M. 392 they are whitish with

a tendency to become yellow in some of the spikelets.

Stapf refers Burtt-Davy 1122 to D. eriantha (Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 430), and notes

that it is the only specimen he has seen with the stiff yellow bristles.

The same grass occurs in Southern Rhodesia (Mundy 2830), and Mr. Walters writes

of it: “It is a native Rhodesian grass and when grown alone covers the grourd well, being

both perennial and stoloniferous. It has shown great promise as a pasture constituent.”

D. ternata, Stapf.

Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1375; Spionkop, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9238 ;

Volksrust, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 7732.

D. debilis, Willd.

Shilovane, Zoutpansberg, Junod in Nat. Herb. H. 367.

D. horizontalis, Willd.

' Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2233 ; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson

in Nat. Herb. 368.

D. marginata, Link. (Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 489).

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 886 ; Rietvlei Farm, Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1262.

D. longiflora, Pers. (Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., TX, 469).

Downs, on veld, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4100; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson

in Nat. Herb. H. 378.

D. uniglumis, Stapf (Stapf in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr., IX, 474).

Downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4093; Meintjes Kop, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3549.

I have not seen an authentically named specimen of this species, but the specimens

quoted above agree with Stapf’s description, except that the spikelets are slightly larger

(2:25 mm.) and the roots and bases of the culms are densely covered with silky tomentose

cataphylls, and the sheaths do not appear to break up into fibres. Schlechter 6£01 from

Sand River, distributed as D. diagonalis, is the same grass from a very different locality.

It is possible that both the above grasses should be placed under Stapf’s D. diagonalis, but

the localities suggest rather an extension of the tropical species. More material is necessary

before I can decide definitely on this point.

_D. tricholaenoides, Stapf.

Leeuwpoort, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 7445; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 5464; Spitz-

kop, R. Pott 5206; Amersfoort, Burtt-Davy 9049.

Good fodder grass, relished by sheep.

D. Brazzae, Stapf (in Prain, Flor. Trop. Afr.. IX, 447).

Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, Bryant C. 37.

XXXVI. TRICHOLAENA, Schrad. (168).

Spikelets oblong, laterally compressed, more or less gaping, panicled, deciduous from

capillary pedicels; lower floret usually g or barren, upper %. Glumes very dissimilar

or at least unequal, lower reduced to a minute scale or obsolete, very rarely half the length

of the spikelet, somewhat remote from the upper; upper glume membranous, emargirate,

muticous or finely mucronate or aristate from the sinus, 5-nerved, usually hairy. Valves

very dissimilar, lower like the upper glume with a hyaline 2-nerved subequal pale, upper

much smaller, thinly chartaceous, glabrous, shining, obtuse or subcmarginate. obscurcly

5-nerved, with an equal 2-nerved pale of similar substance. Lcdicules 2, very small.

Stamens 3. Style free, slender. Stigma densely plumose, laterally exserted. Grain

270

YN B 7 =

| ag eome.t

E D y, = See

Plate VT. Digitaria setivalra, Stent.

A, Lower glume; B, Upper glume; C, Lower yalve; D, Fertile floret.

271

oblong-ellipsoid, closely embraced by the valve and pale; hilum basal, punctiform ;

embryo about half the length of the grain.

Perennial, rarely annual ; blades linear to setaceous ; ligule a fringe of hairs ; panicles

open or contracted, often much divided, with capillary branchlets and pedicels, the latter

with thickened tips; spikelets often completely enveloped by soft shining hairs, rarely

pubescent or quite glabrous.

T. setifolia, Stapf.

Johannesburg, Observatory Hill, Bryant B.36; Houghton Estate, Bryant

C. 23; Pretoria, Wonderboom, Burtt-Davy 8059 ; The Willows, Burtt-Davy 4488 ;

Eloff’s Plantation, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5440; near Irene, Burtt-Davy 30 ;

Barberton Mts., Burtt-Davy 337 ; Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1378 ; Waterval

Boven, Burtt-Davy 1423; Schoeman’s Kloof, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 7251;

Spitzkop, Sabie, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy in Nat. Herb. H.1573: Billy’s Vlei,

Carolina, Mitchell in Nat. Herb. H. 5666; Christiana, Bloemhof District, Buvtt-

Davy 13227.

T. rosea, Nees.

Bezuidenhout Valley, Johannesburg, Bryant B.1; Skinners Court, Pretoria,

Burtt-Davy 4233; Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof, on the kopje, Burtt-Davy 16€8 ;

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M.406; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg,

Mogg in Nat. Herb. H. 9452; Lydenburg, Buwitt-Davy 405; Komatipoort,

Burtt-Davy 375; Mooibank Settlement, Potchefstroom, Jones in Nat. Herb.

Jel: 117:

Natal Red Top—a good fodder grass.

XXXVII. XYOCHLAENA, Stapf (1684).

Spikelets oblong or ovate-oblong, deciduous from capillary pedicels, more or less

gaping, not gibbous, glabrous or pubescent ; lower floret usually g or barren; upper

floret §. Glumes very unequal, the lower often reduced to a minute scale; upper 5-nerved,

emarginate, muticous, or minutely mucronate, glabrous or pubescent, rarely shortly villous.

Lower valve like the upper glume, with a hyaline 2-nerved subequal pale; upper valve

smaller, membranous or chartaceous, glabrous, shining, obtuse or subemarginate, obscurely

5-nerved with an equal 2-nerved pale. Lodicules 2, very small. Stamens 2. Styles

free, slender.

Perennial; blades linear to setaceous; ligule a fringe of hairs; panicles open or

contracted, often much divided, with capillary branchlets and pedicels. Differs from

Tricholaena in the non-gibbous upper glume and barren valves, which also lack the enveloping

long silky hairs.

X. monachne, Stapf (Hook. Icon, Plt. V, 1, t. 3098 = Tricholaena glabra, Stapf, in Dyer,

Flor. Cap., VII, 446).

Bushveld, Pretoria, Rech in Nat. Herb. H. 176.

Xyochlaena, sp. nov. (?)

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 404.

XXXVIII. OPLISMENUS, P. Beauv. (169).

Spikelets oblong to ovate-oblong or lanceolate, awned from the glumes, falling entire

from the pedicels, in small clusters on a common axis or 2-nate or solitary, secund and

abaxial on the angular rhachis of racemosely arranged densely or more rarely interruptedly

spiciform racemes ; lower floret g or barren, with a perfect or reduced or no valvule ;

upper floret 8. Glumes similar in shape and texture, subequal, herbaceous to membranous,

3-7 nerved, both, at least the lower, awned, more or less keeled upwards. Lower floret

exceeding the glumes; valve resembling them, 5-9-nerved, muticous or mucronate, or

very shortly awned ; valvule subequal to the valve, and 2-nerved when perfect. Upper

202

floret: valve oblong, broadly involute with firm margins, muticous, chartaccous to sub-

coriaceous ; valvule equalling the valve and embraced by the valve all along. Ledicules

2; broadly cuneate, often very delicate. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, long. Stigmas

terminally or subterminally exserted, plumose. Grain tightly enclosed by the somewhat

hardened valve and valvule, oblong; hilum oblong, one-third to half the length of the

grain.

Annual or more usually perennial; often weak grasses with slender many-noded

ascending culms, the internodes of which have mostly a decurrent villous line edaxial to

the subtending leaf; blades flat, thin, often slightly asymmetrical, often minutely cross-

veined ; lower and intermediate racemes mostly distant, the upper decreasing upwards

and more or less approximate ; the awn of the lower glume the longest.

O. africanus, Beauv., var. simp'ex, Stapf.

Houtbosch, Transvaal, Rehmann 5735*.

O. hirtellus, P. Beauv. (Stapf in Prain, Trop. Afr., IX, 631 = O. africanus, Beauv., Stapf

in Flor. Cap., VII, 416).

Shilovane, Zoutpansberg, Junod in Nat. Herb. H. 4675.

XXXIX. SETARIA, Beauv. (171).

Spikelets ovate to oblong, falling entire from the pedicel, subtended by 1 to many

persistent bristles (modified branchlets), which often form a one-sided involucre (see section

Ptychophyllum), subsessile in contracted spike-like or more or less open panicles. Lower

floret 3, or reduced to the valve, and a more or less arrested pale ; upper floret §. Glumes

membranous, lower generally much smaller, usually 3-5, rarely 1- or 7-nerved, upper

usually 5-, sometimes 7-nerved. Lower valve more or less exceeding and resembling the

upper glumes ; upper valve chartaceous to coriaceous, 5-nerved. Pales subequal to their

valves or that of the lower floret more or less arrested. flat, 2-nerved, hyaline in the lower,

of the same substance as the valve in the upper floret. Lodicules 2, broadly cuneate.

Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas laterally exserted. Grain tightly enclescd by the

hardened valve and pale, oblong or ellipsoid ; hilum basal, punctiform or orbicular ; cmbryo

about half as long as the grain.

Perennials or annuals of various habit ; ligules usually reduced to a ciliate rim, rarely —

a distinct membrane; panicle mostly cylindric, spike-like, dense, with the solitary or

clustered spikelets on very short branches, which are more or less produced into bristles

beyond the spikelets or divided into a one-sided bristly involucre at their base, or more

or less open with elongate branches and more distant spikelets, often with or without

subtending bristles in the same inflorescence ; bristles always persistent.

S. suleata, Raddi.

Skinners Court, Pretoria (cult. ?), Bwrtt-Davy 611; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg.

Sampson in Nat. Herb. H. 4460 ; Shilovane, Zoutpansberg, Junod in Nat. Herb.

H. 4667; Barberton, Burtt-Davy 267.

Natal buffel grass; valuable pasture grass; horses are especially fond of it. Seeds

are harmful to small birds. ;

S. lindenbergiana, Stapf.

Johannesburg, on hillsides at Rosebank, Bryant F.6; Meintjes Kop, Pretoria,

Burtt-Davy 5608 ; Crocodile River, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 207; slopes of the

Magaliesberg, Fouche H. 21687.

“ Kopje gras”; an excellent pasture grass.

S. nigrirostris, Dur. and Schinz.

Ermelo District, Ermelo, Tennant in Nat. Herb. H. 6927; Athol, near Amster-

dam, A. C. Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 94: Vilakfontein, Wakkerstroom District,

Burtt-Davy 4155; Beginsel Farm, Standerton. Burtt-Davy 934; Leeuwpoort,

Carolina, Burtt-Davy 7380; Johannesburg, Bryant C. 8; Skinners Court, Pretoria,

Burtt-Davy 791; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in Nat. Herb. 4382.

An excellent pasture grass for high veld.

273

S. Gerrardii, Stapf.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy in Nat. Herb. H. 4367; Struben’s Farm,

Pretoria, Burtt-Duvy 4481; Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Native Aaron in Nat. Herb

H. 7938; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin 408; Potchefstrcom,

Burtt-Davy 2176; Pan Station, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy 13336; Uitgevallen,

Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 9158; Standerton, Burtt-Davy 3316.

S. Holstii, Herrm. (in Rosen, Beitrag. Biol., Pflanzen X, 45).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Galpin M.407; Malalane, Barberton, Atmore in

Nat. Herb. H. 4727.

S. sp.

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in Nat. Herb. H. 4393.

Belongs to an undescribed tropical species, the description and name of which will

be published by Dr. Stapf.

S. perennis, Hack.

Kopjes at Sunnyside, Pretoria, W. Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5549; Crocodile

and Magalies Rivers, Burtt-Davy 202; Koster River, Rustenburg, Buitt-Davy 141.

S. flabellata, Stapf.

Eloff’s Plantation, Pretoria, W. Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5433; near Nyl-

stroom, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2032, 2025; Carolina, Burtt-Dcvy 7375, 7403 ;

Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 9171; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 5457 ; Panplaats,

Pan Station, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy 13309; Potchefstroom, Machavie Station,

Burtt-Davy 1479; Welverdiend Station, Buitt-Davy 14580; Cawoods Hope,

Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12973.

S. aurea, A. Brown.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 4361, 3388, 5830 ; Johannesburg,

Bryant C. 87; Sterk Hill, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 451; Louis Trichardt, Zoutpans-

berg, Fripp in Nat. Herb. H. 10358; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in Nat.

Herb. H. 4403 and 4398; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 1659.

South African golden millet grass; good hay grass.

S. imberbis, R. & 8.

Arcadia, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 11745 ; Johannesburg, Bryant D. 86, B. 13, C. 11;

Shilovane, Zoutpansberg, Junod in Nat. Herb. H. 4674; Kolonies Plaats, Potchet-

stroom, Burtt-Davy 9084; Rietvlei, Belfast, Burtt-Davy 1263 ; Experiment Farm,

Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 7716.

An annual weed in cultivated lands.

S. italiea, Beauv.

Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, Bryant C.35; Standerton, Baitt-Davy in

Nat. Herb. H. 5064.

A cultivated species occurring sometimes as an escape.

S. verticillata, Beauv.

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 1040; Potchefstroom, Buitt-Davy 9090, Eldred in Nat.

Herb. H. 4220; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 486; Rietvlei,

Belfast, Burtt-Davy 1257.

“ Klitsgras”; a troublesome weed in cultivated lands.

XL. PENNISETUM, Pers. (175).

Spikelets oblong or lanceolate, solitary or in clusters of 2-4, subterded by ard deciduous

with sessile or peduncled involucres of naked or p’umose bristles (rarely reduced to a solitary

bristle in section Beckeropsis), and arranged rour d the axis of spike-like, usually cylindric,

panicles ; lower floret ¢ or barren, with or without a pale; upper &. Glumes usually

small and hyaline, lower sometimes suppressed, upper rarely half the length of the spikelets

274

or more, and then several- to 7-nerved. Valves equal or subequal, membranous to

chartaceous, 5—7-nerved, or the lower more or less reduced, thinner, fewer-nerved. Pales

subequal to the valve and of similar texture, 2-nerved, or more or less reduced in the lower

floret. Lodicules small, usually in front and outside the pale, or 0. Stamens 3. Styles

distinct, slender or connate. Grain enclosed by the slightly changed valve and pale (see

also P. typhoideum), broadly oblong, slightly dorsally compressed to subglobose ; hilum

basal, punctiform ; embryo large, half-three-quarters the length of the grain.

Perennial or annual; culms simple or often profusely branched ; blades flat or con-

volute ; ligules usually reduced to a ciliate rim or a fringe of hairs, rarely membranous ;

panicle spike-like, usually dense, branches very numerous all around the axis, very short,

simple with a solitary spikelet, or scantily divided, with the spikelets in clusters of 2-5 ;

the solitary spikelets or the clusters subtended by and deciduous with an involucre (very

rarely a solitary bristle) of often very numerous and usually unequal scabrid or plumose,

simple, rarely branched bristles.

P. spicatum, R. & S. (=P. typhoidewm, in Dyer, Flor. Cap., VI, 432).

Nylstroom, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1735, 1734.

Cultivated under the names of pearl millet and babala grass.

P. cenchroides, Rich.

Waterberg, near Nylstroom, Burtt-Davy 2006 ; Warmbaths, Burtt-Davy 2384 ;

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Galpin M. 435.

One of several grasses known as buffel grass; useful pasture plant.

P. macrourum, Trin.

Belfast, Burtt-Davy 1463.

Occurs also in the Waterberg District. but not very common in the Transvaal.

P. sphacelatum, Dur. & Schinz., var. tenuifolium, Stapf.

Wonderboom, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 8060.

P. Thunbergii, Kunth.

Pinedene, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 2325; Rustenburg, Burit-Davy 140;

Belfast, Franks in Nat. Herb. H. 9774.

Var. Galpinii, Stapf.

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 830; Vereeniging, Brandmuller 6.

XLI. POTAMOPHILA, R. Br. (191).

Spikelets laterally slightly compressed, on short or rather long pedicels, panicled ;

thachilla jointed above the rudimentary basal glumes. Florets 3; lower two reduced to

minute empty valves, uppermost ¥ or unisexual, with the organs of the other sex reduced.

Glumes reduced to very minute rounded or truncate scales, or to an obscure entire or

bilobed hyaline rim. Empty valves very small, hyaline, nerveless, subulate or elliptic

and rounded or lobed ; fertile valve membranous, 5-nerved, awnless, nerves raised, some-

times slightly winged. Pale 3-nerved ; otherwise similar to the fertile valve. Lodicules

2, finely nerved. Stamens 6. Styles distinct. Stigmas feathery. Grain obovate, com-

pressed, crowned by the thickened bases of the styles, enclosed by the unaltered glume

and pale, free.

Rather tall aquatic grasses; blades flat; ligules membranous; panicle effuse or

contracted.

P. prehensiles, Benth.

In bush, Cyprus Point, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4103.

XLII. ORYZA, Linn. (193).

Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, 1-flowered, laterally compressed, and oblong,

on the slender branches of an elongate rarely spiciform panicle; pedicels annular at the top.

275

Glumes scale or bristle-like or suppressed. Valve chartaceous obtuse or acute, awnless

or awned, strongly 3-5-nerved, palea as long as the valve, keeled. Lodicules 2-lobed,

rarely entire. Stamens 6; anthers linear. Styles short, free. Stigmas laterally exserted.

Grain narrow, free or adnate to the valve and palea.

Tall, leafy grasses. Leaves long and flat. Ligule long and firmly membranous.

O. sativa, L.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, in Nyl Vlei, Galpin M. 444.

Escape from cultivation (?).

XLII. LEERSIA, Sw. (194).

Spikelets laterally compressed, very shortly pedicelled, panicled; rhachilla jointed

above the rudimentary glumes. Floret 1, 8. Glumes reduced to an obscure hyaline,

entire, or 2-lobed rim. Valve 5-nerved, subcartilaginous, awnless, keel and margins

rigidly ciliate. Pale narrow, 3-nerved, subcartilaginous, except at the hyaline margins,

grooved along the outer nerves and tightly clasped by the inflexed margins of the valve,

keel rigidly ciliate. Lodicules 2; fleshy, finely nerved. Stamens 6, 3, or 1. Styles dis-

tinct. Stigmas feathery. Grain ovate or oblong, compressed, embraced by the valve and

the pale, free; embryo short.

Perennial; leaves narrow; panicle usually flaccid, with very slender branches.

L. hexandra, Sw.

Johannesburg, Bryant C.9; Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 1167; Mosdene, Naboom-

spruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 400; Warmbaths, Burtt-Davy 1148; Shilovane,

Zoutpansberg, Junod in Nat. Herb. H. 4677; Beginsel Farm, Standerton, Burtt-

Davy 1809; Vereeniging, Burtt-Davy 7703, Brandmuller 5.

Chiefly found in swampy or moist places. ‘“‘ Water kweek.”

“ An excellent, nourishing, and palatable grass in its early stages; cattle and horses

relish it and grow fat on it.”—Brandmuller.

XLIV. EHRHARTA. Thunb. (201).

Spikelets laterally compressed, panicled or racemed, sometimes solitary, pedicelled ;

rhachilla disarticulating below the valves, more or less obscurely produced. Florets 3;

lower two reduced to empty valves, uppermost ¢. Glumes persistent, membranous.

Valves 3, heteromorphous ; the lower two empty, usually exceeding the glumes, more or

less cartilaginous, often bearded, and the upper with a callous appendage at the base,

awnless or awned; the uppermost fertile, smaller, thinner, awnless, sometimes with a

knob-like appendage at the base forming a hinge with the appendage of the upper empty

valve. Pale narrow, keeled, finely 2-nerved, nerves very close. Lodicules 2. Stamens

6 or 3, very rarely 1. Styles distinct, short. Stigmas plumose or brush-like, exserted

above the base. Grain elliptic, much compressed ; hilum a fine line almost as long as the

grain; embryo about one-fifth of the grain.

Perennials or annuals of very varied habit, sometimes bulbous at the base or sufiru-

tescent ; blades flat or convolute, sometimes much reduced or suppressed ; ligules mem-

branous, usually short or reduced to a narrow rim; panicle or racemes sometimes very

scanty or even reduced to solitary spikelets.

E. erecta, Lam.

Houtboschberg, Burtt-Davy 5120; Rietvlei, Belfast, in shaded donga, Burtt-

Davy 1244.

XLV. PHALARIS, Linn. (204).

Spikelets laterally compressed, in contracted, more or less spike-like, panicles ;

rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, not or obscurely produced bevond the terminal

floret. Florets 3; the lower two minute, rudimentary, the uppermost %, enclosed by the

276

glumes. Glumes subequal, boat-shaped, keeled, keel often winged. Empty valves very

small, subulate to lanceolate, membranous, with a callous base, or one or both reduced to

a minute callous scale ; fertile valve thin, ultimately rigid, 5-nerved, awnless, ovate, acute.

Pale almost as long as the valve, 2-nerved (sometimes obscurely). Lodicules 2, hyaline.

Stamens 3. Styles long, distinct. Stigmas plumose, exserted from the top of the spikelet.

Grain much compressed, ovate, free, enclosed by the valve and pale; hilum oblong, short ;

embryo equalling one-fourth the length of the grain.

Annuals or perennials ; leaves flat; panicle terminal, stiff, spike-like, subcapitate or

interrupted and lobed ; pedicels very short.

P. minor, Retz.

Kolonies Plaats, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 9095.

Introduced with agricultural seeds.

P. arundinacea, Linn.

Wemmershoek, Lydenburg District, Burtt-Davy 7692; Vlakfontein, near

Amersfoort, Burtt-Davy 4063.

Reed canary grass. “ Makes good hay if cut before flowering.”—Burtt-Davy.

P. canariensis, L.

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 792; Brugspruit, Middelburg, Cooper in Nat. Herb.

H. 4165; Zeerust, Marico, Frost in Nat. Herb. 6041; Beginsel, Standerton,

Burtt-Davy 3154.

Canary grass ; introduced.

P. paradoxa, Linn. (Sp. Pl., ed. Il, 1665).

Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Parkes in Nat. Herb. H. 4998; De Kroon, Brits,

Rustenburg District, Ras in Nat. Herb. H. 5982.

An annual weed—not very common.

XLVI. ANTHOXANTHUM, Linn. (205).

Spikelets oblong to narrow-lanceolate, slightly laterally compressed; rhachilla dis-

articulating above the upper glume, not produced beyond the uppermost floret. Florets 3,

heteromorphous, the lower two J or barren, the terminal §. Glumes persistent, membranous,

1-3-nerved, keeled, acuminate ; upper longer. Lower two valves equal and very similar,

oblong, emarginate, membranous, strongly laterally compressed, 5-7-nerved, keeled, hairy,

awned, awn of the lower valve short, from a third—half way below the tip, of the upper

longer, kneed, from near the base, rarely from the middle ; terminai valve much shorter

than the lower two, broadly elliptic, very thin, delicately 7-1-nerved. Pales of the lower

two florets, if present, 2-keeled, of the terminal l-nerved. Lodicules 0. Stamens 3 in

the g, 2 in the % florets. Styles distinct, long. Stigmas long, exserted from the top of

the spikelet, plumose. Grain ovoid, slightly laterally compressed; hilum punctiform ;

embryo quarter the length of the grain. _

Perennial or annual; blades flat, usually flaccid; panicle slender, very narrow or

spike-like, sometimes reduced to scanty racemes; sweet-scented.

A. odoratum, L.

Lions Glen, Amsterdam, Ermelo District, Buchanan in Nat. Herb. H. 6152.

“Sweet vernal’’; probably an escape from cultivation.

XLVII. ARISTIDA, Linn. (208).

Spikelets 1-flowered, narrow, panicled, 1hachilla disarticulating above the glume, not

produced. Glumes usually persistent, narrow, 1-3-nerved, muticous or mucronate, awnless.

Valve convolute, cylindric or oblong-cylindric, 3-nerved, awned rather rigid, tips gradually

tapering or minutely bilobed, sometimes jointed at or above the middle; callus villous,

shortly bearded, usually pungent ; awn nearly always 3-partite from the base or above the

217

simple base (stipitate), very rarely simple, continuous with the valve or disarticulating from

it or deciduous with a portion of the valve, foot straight or twisted bristles plumose or the

lateral or all naked. Pale small, oblong, 2-nerved or nerveless. Lodicules 2, finely nerved.

Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, short. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted.

Grain slender, cylindric or oblong-cylindric, terete, sometimes grooved, tightly embraced

by the valve ; hilum linear, almost as long as the grain; embryo short or long.

Annual or more often perennial ; tufted, usually with more or less wiry culms; blades

narrow, usually convolute ; ligule usually a line of very short hairs ; panicle varying from

spike-like to effuse.

A. adscensionis, L.

Bushveld, Pretoria, Reck in Nat. Herb. H.185; Potgietersrust, Waterberg,

Burtt-Davy 2246; Wonderboompoort, Pretoria, Mogg in Nat. Herb. H. 9940;

Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Galpin 8892.

A. scabrivalvis, Hack.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 3379; Mosdene, Naboom-

spruit, Waterberg, Galpin M.427; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in Nat.

Herb. H. 4429; Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Galpin 8891.

A. junciformis, Trin. & Rupr.

Arcadia, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 7494; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg,

Galpin M. 426, 423; Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21135; Billy’s Vlei,

Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9267 ; Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Hamilton in Nat. Herb. H. 5913,

H. 994; Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 9185; Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-

Davy 13057, 14146.

Some of the species quoted above have been distributed as A. angustata, Stapf, but

after careful examination of all our material I can find no constant characters on which

to separate the two species A. yunciformis and A. angustata. The slight compression of

the culms is more noticable in some specimens than in others, but is not correlated with

other distinctive characters. The length of the awns is variable as is also the character

of the glumes. [I find long mucronate and almost emucronate glumes on the same plant.

The inconspicuous nodes of the sheaths, with the swollen and often protruding culm nodes,

seems to be a fairly constant character in individual plants and is often correlated with

much-branched culms, but not always. I have not seen Stapf’s type of A. angustata, but

Galpin 6901, from Maclear, Cape Province, which is identified as that species ard which

identification (according to the label) has been confirmed by Stapf, has these same

characteristic nodes.

A. sciurus, Stapf.

Waterval Boven, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1418 and 1449; between Machada-

dorp and Carolina, Mundy in Nat. Herb. H. 4292a.

A. Burkei, Stapf.

Klerksdorp, Potchefstroom, Weeber in Nat. Herb. H. 5648; Henley-on-Klip,

Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21121; Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 9161 and

9184; Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 13030.

A. bipartita, Rupr. & Trin.

e Waterval Boven, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 14438; Uitgevallen, Heidelberg,

Burtt-Davy 9125.

A. congesta, Roem. & Schult.

Johannesburg, Bryant D.47; Germiston, near Johannesburg, Fenn in Nat.

Herb. H. 8703; Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Hamilton in Nat. Herb. H. 5914: Crocodile

River, Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 9302; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg,

Galpin M. 421; Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1112; Zoutpansberg,

Junod in Nat. Herb. H. 4662; Smitskraal, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 10368 ; Chris-

tiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1654.

278

A. barbicollis, Trin. & Rupr.

Arcadia, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3928; Skinners Court, Pretoria, Junod in Nat

Herb. H. 4519; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 422; downs,

Zoutpansberg, open veld, Junod 4078; Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 13031.

A. sieberiana, Trin.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 425; Christiana, Bloemhof,

Burtit-Davy 13030.

A. vestita, Thunb.

Meintjes Kop, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 4514; Billy’s Vlei, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy

9375.

A. spectabilis, Hack.

Kuduspoort, Pretoria District, Rehmann 4695*.

There is nothing in the National Herbarium that agrees with Hackel’s description of

this species, and I have not seen Rehmann’s specimen on which he founded it.

A. sp.

Warmbaths, Burtt-Davy in Nat. Herb. 2407.

This resembles Aristida stipoides, var. meridionalis, Stapf, ex deser., but the spikelets

are dark purple brown and the lower sheaths densely coated with fugacious wool.

A. stipoides, Lam.

Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Galpin 8890.

A. uniplumis, Licht.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 424 ; Schweizer Reneke, Bloem-

hof District, Burtt-Davy 1627; near Christiana, Blocemhof, Burtt-Davy 12975,

10123. Py ese

XLVIIL ORYZOPSIS, Mich. (210).

Spikelets ovoid or lanceolate, usually awned, loosely panicled; rhachilla disarticu-

lating above the glumes, not continued’ beyord the floret. Floret 1, ¢, shorter than the

glumes. Glumes equal or subequal, persistent, usually acute or subacuminate, thin,

3-9-nerved, side nerves often very short. Valve convolute, more or less flattened from

the back, ovate to obovate or lanceolate, 5- (very rarely 3-) nerved, rather rigidly mem-

branous to coriaceous, tips obscurely 2-lobed ; callus very short and broad, obtuse; awn,

if present, from the minute sinus of the tip, jointed on the valve and easily deciduous,

bristle-like, naked. Pale almost as long as the valve or rather shorter, 2-nerved. Lodicules

2, rarely 3, hyaline. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, short. Stigmas plumose,

laterally exserted. Grain tightly enclosed by the hardened valve and pale, oblorg, ovoid

or ellipsoid, or obovoid, terete; embryo small; hilum filiform, shorter than the grain,

often obscure.

Perennial; tufted; blades linear, usually long, flat, flaccid; ligules membranous ;

panicles effuse, or more or less contracted, always very lax, often nodding.

O. sp.

Malta, in gorge, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4432.

XLIX. PSEUDOBROMUS, K. Schum. (216).

Spikelets lanceolate, scarcely compressed, pedicelled, panicled; rhachilla disarticu-

lating above the glumes, produced beyond the base of the floret into a fine bristle. Floret 1,

3, exserted from the glumes. Glumes persistent, slightly unequal, lanceolate to oblong,

1-3-nerved. Valve lanceolate in profile, rounded on the back, involute, passing into a

straight awn or with the awn subterminal, subherbaceous, 3-nerved ; callus very short,

obtuse, glabrous. Pale equalling the valve, 2-keeled, entire. Lodicules 2, hyaline, unequally

paths)

2-lobed. Stamens 3. Ovary oblong, pubescent at the top. Styles distinct, very short.

Stigmas slender, plumose, laterally exserted. Grain unknown.

Perennial; blades flat, broad-linear, flaccid; ligules membranous; panicle large,

lax, nodding.

P. africanus, Stapf.

Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5732*.

L. SPOROBOLUS, R. Br. (230).

Spikelets usually very small, variously panicled, continuous on the pedicels ; rhachilla

more or less readily disarticulating above the glumes, not continued, or very rarely pro-

duced into a bristle. Floret 1, %. Glumes 2, delicately membranous, lower usually smaller,

nerveless, upper l-nerved, falling away one after the other. Valve more or less resembling

the upper glume, l-nerved or more or less distinctly 3-nerved. Pale usually almost as long

as the valve, 2-nerved, folded between the nerves, often split by the maturing grain.

Lodicules 2, small, broadly cuneate, glabrous, thin. Stamens 3, rarely 2. Ovary glabrous.

Styles short, distinct, terminal. Stigmas plumose or subaspergilliform. Grain free,

falling out or retained and dehiscing; pericarp thin, usually swelling in water, rigid,

dehiscing, or the inner layers mucilaginous when wetted, and adherent, or the whole peri-

carp adnate and indistinct ; hilum small, punctiform, basal; embryo rather large.

Annuals or perennials of various habit ; ligules reduced to a ciliate or ciliolate rim ;

panicles contracted to spike-like, or more or less open, sometimes extremely lax ; spikelets

mostly }-1 lin. long.

S. festivus, var. stuppens, Stapf.

Pretoria District, Claremont, Kresfelder in Nat. Herb. H. 20834 ; Wonderboom,

Burit-Davy 3343, 7148, 2683; Irene, Burtt-Davy 14656; Pole Evans 220 ardin Nat.

Herb. H. 21223; Johannesburg, Burtt-Davy 7296; Marikana, Rustenburg Dis-

trict, Burtt-Davy 161 ; near Nylstroom, Waterberg District, Burtt-Davy 2028, 2068.

S. festivus, Hochst., var. fibrosus, Stapf [Chevalier in Sudania, 142, 155 (1911)].

Springbok Flats, Waterberg District, Burtt-Davy 1111.

S. discosporus, Nees.

Pretoria District, Kaalfontein, Mogg 3740; Irene, Burtt-Davy 14657 ; Bloemhof

District, near Christiana, Burtt-Davy 11409, 12778, 11389, 11253.

S. Ludwigii, Hochst.

Christiana, Bloemhof District, Burtt-Davy 12809, 12950, 12498.

S. centrifugus, Nees.

Spionkop, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy in Nat. Herb. H. 9236; between Machadodorp

and Carolina, Mundy in Nat. Herb. H. 4286.

S. fimbriatus, Nees.

Near Machavie Station, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 1476; Schweizer Reneke,

Burtt-Davy 1684, 1636, 1691; Fourteen Streams, Blocmhof, Burtt-Davy 1580 ;

Kaffraria, Christiana, Burtt-Davy 14160, 12765, 13054, 12758, 13090.

Var. latifolia, Stent, var. nov., a more robust form, with usually broader and longer

panicles and flat glaucous leaves up to 12 mm. broad = Sporobolus Rehmanna,

Hack. (in part).

Boschveld, at Klippan, Rehmann 5373 (in Herb. Alb. Mus.) ; Mosdene, Naboom-

spruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 460, 461; Hamanskraal, Pretoria District, Burtt-

Davy 1086.

The type occurs freely in the dry and sandy regions of the grass and thorn veld of the

southern and south-western portions of the Transvaal. It is plentiful in association with

Eragrostis spp. in parts of Bechuanaland and on the high veld.

(

yy 4 y aa |

tN ) ZA

S& ay iy y,

SO Waic : muey,! ——= ZA

% 4s grin ss

, |

Plate VII. Sporobolus Smutsii, Stent.

B, Upper glume; C, Valve ; D, Pale (flattened out) ;

A, Lower glume ;

E, Pistil and stamens; F, Ligule.

281

The variety is a bushveld form that also occurs in Natal and probably extends north

into the tropical regions.

Rehmann’s 5373, on which Hackel founded this species (S. Rehmannit), has hairy leaves

and a narrow panicle. I have seen no other specimen like it. Stapf (in Dyer, Flor. Cap.,

VII, 585) has kept S. Rehmanni as a distinct species and has amplified Hackel’s description

to include all the glabrous broad-leaved forms of the bushveld and Natal. Critical exami-

nation of a number of specimens ranging from S. fimbriatus sensu stricto through all varia-

tions of width of leaf and panicle to the broad-leafed and robust form of the bushveld,

has convinced me that this latter is only a climatic and edaphic variety of S. fimbriatus.

A very early grass, useful for spring grazing.

S. indicus, R. Br., var. laxus, Stapf.

Johannesburg, common along roadsides, Bryant B. 23; Carolina, Burtt-Davy

2955; Sterk Hill, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 478.

The type apparently does not occur within the limits of the Transvaal.

S. pyramidalis, Kunth. (Flore d’Oware, ii, p. 36).

Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1137; Mosdene, Naboomspruit,

Galpin M. 458; Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 414.

S. robustus, Kunth. (Rev. Gram., ii, p. 425).

Messina, Zoutpansberg, Pole Evans in Nat. Herb. H. 13113.

S. pectinatus, Hack. (Oestern. Bet. Zeitschr., L. i, 198).

Derdepoort, Pretoria, Fouche 302 ; near Observatory, Johannesburg, Burtt-Davy

3097 ; Carolina, Burtt-Davy 2990 and 7736; Zoutpansberg, downs, open veld,

Junod 4091.

S. Smutsii, Stent, n. sp.

Gramen perenne ; culmi decumbentes ascendentes, glabri, pluribus nodis saepe ramati ;

radicibus e nodis brevibus inferioribus. Innovationes steriles, saepe longae, plures atque

breviter nodatae, foliatae ; foliorum vaginae firmae, carinatae, arctae, glabrae, ore barbato

marginibusque ciliates exceptis, vel setis e tuberculis inspersae, tenuiter striatae ; margines

crassi, cartilaginosi, pectinatique.

Panicula erecta, ovata, lanceolata, acuta (raro constricta spiciformaque), 2-4 cm.

lata, 8-10 em. longa. Rami verticillati vel superiores + imspersi; infimi ad 3-5 cm. longi,

nudi a base -5-1-25 cm., plerumque ascendentes; superiores patenter ascendentes.

Ramuli breves, ad 3 mm. longi, + secundi, appressi. Pedicelli brevissimi. Spiculae

1-7-2 mm. longae, ablongae, obtusae ; gluma inferior parva -6 mm. longa, enerva, obtusa;

superior spiculam aequans, l-nerva, acuta vel sub-acuta, navicularis carina obtusa ; valva

glumae superioris similis, sub-acuta, l-nerva ; palea extensa truncata ; antherae 3, 1-25 mm.

longae ; lodiculae truncatae, minutae.

Rooikop, Bushveld, Pretoria District, Pole Evans 590, 271, 536, 556; Leeuw-

kraal, Pole Evans 568.

A very characteristic grass, with its decumbent ascending habit and short, broad,

flat leaves on leafy runners. Dr. Pole Evans reports it as being very plentiful on the

adjoining farms Rooikop and Leeuwkraal, but it has, so far, not been reported from any

other locality.

It has little agricultural value.

S. nitens, Stent, n. sp.

Gramen perenne, rhizomata obliquo. Culm erecti vel prostrati ascendentes saepe

radicibus ramisque e nodis inferioribus, coarcti, glabri, nitentes, 1-2 nodis, 13-30 cm. longi.

Foliorum vaginae arctae, strictae, laeves, glabrae, praeter margines saepe ciliatos, vaginae

basis breviores compressae, pallidae, firmissimae, nitentes, persistentes; ligula corona

densa pilorum formata; laminae ad 6 cm. longae, 7 mm. latae, basis rotundatae et plus

minus amplectentes, apicem obtusum vel subacutam versus attenuatae, planae, firmissimae,

tenuiterque striatae; glabrae, vel paucis setis e tuberculis ortis inspersa, marginibus

cartilaginis minute pectinata ciliatis. Panicula ovata ad lanceolata, 6-10 cm. longa,

Sporobolus nitens, Stent.

A, Lower glume; B, Upper glume; C, Valve; D, Pale; BH, Pistil

and stamens ; F, Caryops.

Plate VIII,

283

2-5-4 em. lata. Ramzi infimis verticillati ascendentesque, raro pauci vel omnes patentes,

ceteri solitarii, vel binati, racho spirale depositi, per 3-2 longitudinis indivisi, rami supremi

brevissimi, e basi divisi, excepti; ramuli brevissimi, plus minus secundi, appressi 1-5

spiculati; pedicelli brevissimi. Spiculae 1-5 mm. longae ; gluma inferior ablorga, lancco-

lata, acuta, vel sub-acuta, enervis, 1 mm. longa; gluma superior 1-5 mm. longa, ovato-

acuminata, valide uninerva, carina minute pectinato, ciliata; valva glumam superiorem

equale, vel pauce longior ; valide uninerva, acute acuminata, laeva ; palea valvam equale,

lata, apicem bilobum versus attenuata, mix ad basim findata; antherae 3, rubescentes,

circa -4 mm. longae; lodiculae ovatae, parvissimae ; caryopsis ovata, vel rotundata ;

pericarpium in aquam tumentum.

In the plain at the foot of the Magaliesberg Mountains, Schlecht 3679; Rooikop

Bushveld, Pretoria District, Pole Evans 667; Gezina, Pretoria, Fouche and

Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21445 ; between Warmbz ths and Nylstroom, Pole Evans €91.

Near to S. Smutsvi, from which it differs in the hard, shining, lower sheaths, the spiral

arrangement of the branches of the panicle, the densely contracted and spike-like tips of

the panicle and of the branches—and the distinctly and acutely bilobed tip to the pale.

Useful as a crop for sheep, but otherwise of little agricultural value.

LI. AGROSTIS, Linn. (242).

Spikelets from less than 1 lin. to 23 lin. long, panicled ; rhachilla not continued beyond

the floret or produced into a minute point or short delicate bristle, glabrous or shortly

hairy. Floret 1, §, shorter than the glumes. Glumes equal or sub-equal, usually lanceolate

and acute, rarely oblong and obtuse, awnless, membranous, usually 1-nerved, keeled.

Valve broadly oblong, delicately membranous, glabrous or hairy, usually truncate, 5-

(rarely 3-) nerved, awned from the back or awnless; side-nerves evanescent below,

often excurrent into fine mucros or bristles ; callus very small, glabrous or minutely hairy

or rarely bearded. Pale delicate, hyaline, usually shorter than the valve or very

short or obsolete, 2-nerved or nerveless. Lodicules 2, lanceolate, delicately hyaline.

Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, very short. Stigmas plumose, laterally

exserted. Grain free, enclosed in the scarcely altered floret, oblong, more or less

dorsally compressed, grooved in front, rarely subterete ; embryo short ; hilum punctiform,

basal.

Annuals and perennials, of varying habit; blades usually flat, often flaccid ; ligules

membranous; panicle usually much divided, often delicate, more or less effuse or con-

tracted, rarely spike-like; branches and branchlets fine to very fine; spikelets usually

very numerous, much gaping, at least, temporarily.

A. natalensis, Stapf.

Spionkop, Ermelo District, Burtt-Davy 9232; Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy

1328, 1277.

A. laenantha, Nees.

Hartebeestnek, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 770; near Nylstroom, Waterberg, Burit-

Davy 4165; Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Mundy in Nat. Herb. H. 4283; Lydenburg,

along water-courses, Burtt-Davy 415; Wonderfontein, Marico, Burtt-Davy 7591 ;

Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 1765.

A. suavis, Stapf (Kew Bull., 1908, 227).

Spionkop, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9235.

LII. CALAMAGROSTIS, Roth. (247).

Spikelets very narrow, lanceolate, acuminate, in contracted much-divided panicles ;

rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, not, or very shortly, continued beyond the

floret. Floret 1, 8, much shorter than the glumes. Glumes equal or subequal, very

narrow, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, membranous keeled. lower 1-nerved, upper 3-nerved.

Valve narrow, lanceolate in profile, membranous, glabrous, more or less shortly bifid,

284

5-3-nerved with a fine short dorsal, rarely subterminal, awn; callus small, long hairy,

hairs usually much exceeding the valve. Pale 2-nerved, as long as the valve or somewhat

shorter. Lodicules 2, hyaline. Anthers 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, short.

Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by the hardly changed valve and pale,

free, subterete ; hilum basal, small; embryo small.

Perennial, usually rather robust ; blades long, linear, flat ; ligules scarious; panicle

more or less contracted, narrow rather dense, with much-divided branches, and short

branchlets and pedicels; florets surrounded by long fine hairs.

€. epigeios, Rott., var. capensis, Stapf.

Lichtenburg, Burtt-Davy 624 ; Doornkloof, Irene, Pole Evans 336.

LIN. HOLCUS, Linn. (257).

Spikelets in rather dense, oblong, or interrupted panicles, laterally compressed, dis-

articulating from the tips of the pedicels; rhachilla slightly produced beyond the upper

floret, disarticulating more or less readily below the valves; joints slender, lower curved

and often appendaged. lorets 2; lower $, upper usually g, sometimes % or barren.

Glumes 2, membranous, keeled, acute or acuminate, lower |-nerved, upper 3-nerved, some-

times awned. Valves shorter than the glumes, characteous, very obscurely 5-3-nerved,

lower awnless, upper awned. Pales narrow, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, delicate. Stamens 3.

Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain laterally

compressed, enclosed by the valve and pale and often adhering to the latter, soft ; hilum

short ; embryo small.

Annual or perennial ; blades flat or convolute when dry ; panicle usually more or less

contracted, sometimes almost spike-like ; spikelets deciduous, pallid.

H. lanatus, L.

Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5471 ; Broederstroom Orchards, Haenerts-

berg, Zoutpansberg, Remmeke in Nat. Herb. H. 9763.

Yorkshire Fog—probably an escape from cultivation.

LIV. AVENASTRUM, Jess. (275).

Spikelets usually erect or sub-erect, rarely nodding, medium-sized (4—7 lin. long, rarely

less or more), in nearly always erect, often stiff panicles ; rhachilla more or less long-hairy,

disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves, produced into a short bristle

beyond the uppermost floret or ending with a rudimentary valve. Florets 3-6, §, or the

uppermost more or less reduced. Glumes 2, persistent, scarious, more or less unequal,

acute or acuminate, more or less distinctly keeled, lower 1-nerved or 3-nerved, upper 3-

(very rarely 5- to sub-7-) nerved. Valves usually distinctly exserted from the glumes,

more or less herbaceous, with scarious or hyaline tips, often rather firm, acute, or acuminate,

bifid, with or without bristles from the lobes, 5-9-nerved, awned ; awn dorsal from the

middle or slightly above it, kneed and twisted below; callus short or elongate, villous.

Pales shorter than the valves, 2-keeled, 2-toothed, or bifid. Lodicules 2, rather large,

hyaline. Stamens 3 Ovary hairy from the middle upwards or at the top only. Styles

distinct, short. Stigmas laterally exserted, plumose. Grain oblong, slightly laterally

compressed, usually grooved in front, hairy at the top, pallid, rather soft, embraced by the

somewhat hardened valve and the pale ; hilum linear, up to half the length of the grain ;

embryo small.

Perennial, caespitose ; blades linear, usually narrow, flat, or convolute ; often setaceous

ligules hyaline ; panicle narrow, erect, often stiff, rarely flaccid or expanded.

A. turgidulum, Stapf.

Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 4363; Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 5591; Vlak-

fontein, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 4154.

285

LV. TRISTACHYA, Nees. (277).

Spikelets 5 lin. to 2 lin. long, lanceolate to linear, sessile or shortly pedicelled in clusters

of three at the tips of the branches of a raceme or panicle ; rhachilla disarticulating between

the valves and less readily or imperfectly below them, glabrous, not produced beyord the

upper floret. Florets 2, heteromorphous; lower 3, upper §. Glumes persistent, mem-

branous or sub-coriaceous, more or less unequal, 3-nerved, glabrous or bristly from black

glands. Lower valve membranous, 3-nerved or 5—9-nerved, with some of the nerves much

shorter than the others; upper valve convolute, membranous, or ultimately cartilaginous,

bifid, 7- (rarely 5-) nerved, awned from between the lobes; awn kneed, twisted below.

Pales membranous, hyaline, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, cuneate, very fleshy. Stamens 3.

Ovary obovoid to oblong, glabrous or the top hairy, rudimentary in the floret. Stigmas

plumose, long, laterally exserted. Grain obovoid to linear-oblong, grooved, tightly embraced

by the valve and pale, free ; hilum linear, long; embryo large ; albumen very hard.

Perennial; generally coarse grasses, growing mostly in compact tufts; leaves rigid ;

ligule a line of hairs; triplets of spikelets large and few in racemes, or smaller ard more

numerous in scantily branched panicles, sometimes deciduous from the jointed peduncles.

T. Rehmanni, Nees.

Eloff’s Plantation. Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5442 ; near Observatory,

Johannesburg, Burtt-Davy 4000 and 7491; Billy’s Vlei, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy

9222; Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1341; Bloemhof, Theunissen in Nat.

Herb. H. 7871.

T. pallida, Stent, n. sp.

Gramen perenne. Culmi erecti ad 64 cm. alti, fasciculati e rhizomata abliquem,

graciles, 2-nodi, glabri vel parte inferiore tenuiter hirsuta, nodis pubescentebus et saepe

barbatis, innovationes intravaginales.

Folia plerumque a basem nata, culmos fere basim inflorescentae condentia ; vaginae

glabrae, vel sparse hirsutae, base dense tomentosae, superiores; arctae argustacque,

inferiores latiores tandem solutae et patentes, tenuiter striatae, laevae, plerumque oribus

longe hirsutae. Laminae angustae, arcte-involutae, et saepe convolutae, glabrae vel

albido-hirsutae, scaberulae, pallido glaucae, illae innovationum ad 34 cm. lorgae, 1-5 nm.

latae ; apice filiformo. Panicula contracta, ad 8 cm. longa, nodo infimo villoso; rami

curvati, ascendentes, simplices, infimi verticillati, sequentes solitaru, vel raro birati;

triade spicularum terminati. Gluma inferior lanceolata acuminata rigida, mucrorata,

21 mm. longa, firmiter 3-nerva, nervi exteriores marginesque ordines duas setas e tuber-

culis nigris ferentes. Gluma superior glumam inferioram aequalis, scd tenuior, mutica,

glabra firmiter 3-nervata, nervis scaberulis. Anthoecium inferum 3; valva 15 wm. lorga,

lanceolata, acuminata, glabra, 7-nervis nervi scabri, interiores brevissimi, exteriores con-

tigui; palea 8 mm. longa, biloba, lobi obtusis, minute ciliatis; carinis validis, mir ute

ciliatis; antherae ad 4:5 mm. longae; lodiculae cuneatae, -5 mm. longae, carrosce.

Anthoecium superum %; valva ovata lanceolata, biloba, 5-nerva, 7 mm. lorga apice callo

ad basim aristae, pubescente; lobi 2-3-nervis, 2 mm. longi, setis 5 mm. lorgis, arista

3-5 em. longa, geniculata; callum acutum longe barbartum; palea angusta, obtuso-

rotundata, vel subtruncata, carinae anguste alatae; caryopsis oblonga, apice hirsuta ;

antherae lodiculaeque eas in anthoecia inferes similis.

Pietersburg, Capt. Goument in Nat. Herb. H. 21318; Pyramid Estate, near

Potgietersrust, upper slopes of granite mountains, Galpin 8893; Pretoria,

Schlechter 3587.

Near to 7. biseriata, Stapf (ex descr.), from which it differs ja the 2-nodcd culms, the

glabrous upper glume and lower valve, the 2-nerved lobes tu the upper valve ard the

lack of a callous line at base of awn, and other minor points. I have not seen Bicharan

220, on which Stapf founded his 7. biseriata, nor any other specimen that would correspond

to his description of that species.

286

Plate IX. Tristachya pallida, Stent.

A, Lower glume; B, Upper glume; OC, Lower valve; D, Pale; H, Upper floret ; F, Upper

yalve; G, Pale; H, Pistil, stamens, and lodicules.

287

T. leucothrix, Trin.

Meintjes Kop, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3547; Barberton Mountains, Burtt-Davy

338 ; Leeuwpoort, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 7448; Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy

1324; Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 3146; Blesbokspruit, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 949 ;

Vlakfontein, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 9052; Athol, Wakkerstroom, Macdonald

in Nat. Herb. H. 104.

T. pedicellata, Stent (in Bothalia, I, iii).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, EIEN M. 428; Warmbaths, Baylis in Nat. Herb.

4350 ; Burtt- -Davy 1154.

LVI. TRICHOPTERYX, Nees. (278).

Spikelets usually 2-18 lin. long, more or less lanceolate to linear, pedicelled, panicled ;

rhachilla disarticulating between (and less readily below) the valves, glabrous, not produced

beyond the upper floret. Florets 2, heteromorphous; lower 4, rarely barren; upper §.

Glumes persistent, membranous or subcoriaceous, unequal, 3- (very rarely 4-6-) nerved,

glabrous or bristly from black glands. Lower valve membranous 3- (very rarely 7-) nerved,

with the innermost side nerves much shorter; upper valve terete, membranous to

cartilaginous, shortly bifid with the lobes sometimes produced into bristles, 5—9-nerved ;

awn irom between the lobes, kneed, twisted below. Pales membranous, 2-keeled, narrower

in the $ floret and channelled between the stout keels. Lodicules 2, cuneate, usually

very fleshy. Stamens 2, rarely 3, or O in the lower floret. Ovary oblong, glabrous, rudi-

mentary in the g floret. Styles distinct, glabrous. Stigmas plumose, long, laterally

exserted. Grain obovoid to linear-oblong, grooved or almost terete, tightly embraced by

its valve and pale, free; hilum linear, long; embryo large; albumen very hard.

Perennial, rarely annual grasses of very different habit; leaves more or less rigid ;

ligules a line of hairs; spikelets slender, from 2 lin. to 14 lin. long, scattered in mostly

contracted, narrow panicles.

T. simplex, Hack.

The Willows, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 7486; Johannesburg, Burtt-Davy 7492,

Bryant C. 38; Waterval Boven, Burtt-Davy 1426.

Var. crinita, Stapf.

Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 5503; Spionkop, Burtt-Davy 9230; Belfast, Lydenburg,

Burtt-Davy 1342.

Var. sericea, Stapf.

Waterval Boven, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 1439, Burtt-Davy 2983 ; Machadadorp,

Mundy in Nat. Herb. H. 4286; Billy’s Vlei, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9201.

T. flavida, Stapf.

Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5429, 5407, 5413, 54531; Schlechter

3606; Johannesburg, Observatory Ridge, Burtt-Davy 3093.

TS pH AS

Waterval Boven, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 1426, 1408; downs, Zoutpansberg,

Junod 4082.

A tropical species with quite glabrous spikelets, broadly truncate lower glume—a

rather short, delicate, and obscurely nerved fertile valve.

“Very much spread over the veld ; bad food for cattle.”—Junod.

LVII. MICROCHLOA, R. Br. (281).

Spikelets 1-2-flowered, small, sessile, crowded, unilateral on a flattened rhachis,

alternately 2-seriate from near the margins of the rhachis or in a single row ; rhachilla

disarticulating above the glumes, more or less produced. Floret hermaphrodite, Ont, 25

the lower hermophrodite, “the upper male or indicated by an empty valve. Glumes 2,

persistent or (particularly the upper) deciduous, strongly 1-nerved, flattened from the

288

back or keeled, subequal. Valve shorter than the glumes, delicate, white, minutely or

obscurely mucronulate or emarginate, 3-nerved, densely hairy along the nerves (if 2, the

upper glabrous) ; callus small, acute, hairy. Pale slightly shorter than the valve or almost

equal, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, cuneate, glabrous, thin, faintly nerved. Stamens 3. Ovary

glabrous (quite suppressed in the upper floret). Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose, laterally

exserted. Grain oblong, terete, triquetrous, or compressed, embraced by the unchanged

valve and pale, free; hilum punctiform ; embryo equalling quarter to half the length of

the grain.

Perennial, rarely annual, sometimes densely tufted; leaves narrow, often sub-

setaceous ; ligules reduced to a minutely ciliolate rim; spikes solitary, terminal (in the

African species) or 2—4 in a terminal umbel, straight or curved.

M. setacea, R. Br.

Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5476; Houtbosch, Schlechter 4697; Sabie

Falls, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1550a; Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1287a ;

Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 1225; Christiana, Bloemhof District, Burtt-Davy

11392, 14099, 14133, 12781.

M. cafira, Nees.

The Willows. Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 4483; Irene, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy

3859 ; near Robinsons, Carolina District, Burtt-Davy 2720; Leeuwpoort, Carolina,

Burtt-Davy 7377; Athol, Ermelo, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 94.

This species differs from the preceeding (ex descr. by Stapf in Dyer, Flor. Cap.) in

the size of the spikelets and in the shape of the valve, and on these characters I have

temporarily based my identifications. J have not seen R. Brown’s original description

of M. setacea, nor have I seen the type-material of either species. The differences between

the two grasses are so slight that it may seem advisable, when I have had an opportunity

of examining the types, to place them all under one species.

M. altera, Stapf, var. Ne!sonii, Stapf.

Spionkop, Ermelo District, Burtt-Davy 9248.

LVIII. CYNODON, Pers. (282).

Spikelets 1-flowered, small, laterally compressed, sessile imbricate, alternately 2-seriate

and unilateral on a slender keeled rhachis; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes,

produced, or not, beyond the valve. Floret hermaphrodite. Glumes narrow, keeled,

acute or subulate-mucronate, the upper usually deciduous with the valve, the lower sub-

persistent. Valve exceeding the glumes, navicular, firmly membranous, 3-nerved, awnless,

keel ciliate. Pale somewhat shorter than the valve, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, minute,

obovate-cuneate, glabrous. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, slightly shorter

than the plumose styles. Grain oblong, subterete; embryo about third the length of

the grain; hilum linear, two-thirds the length of the grain.

Perennial; stems creeping, rooting at the nodes and emitting from them fascicles of

barren shoots and flowering culms; spikes 2-6 in terminal umbels.

C. dactylon, Pers.

Pretoria, Mogg in Nat. Herb. H. 16950; Germiston, Johannesburg, Fenn in

Nat. Herb. H. 8746; Komatipoort, Barberton, Burtt-Davy 368; Nylstroom,

Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2086; bushveld, Pretoria, S. Reck in Nat. Herb. H. 3583 ;

downs, open veld, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4101; Pilgrims Rest, Lydenburg, Legat

in Nat. Herb. H. 1585 ; Lichtenburg, Burtt-Davy 58 ; Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 1634; Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 14094, ete.

“ Bermuda quick.” “‘ Regte kweek,” a cosmopolitan weed.

289

C. incompletus, Nees.

Helvetia, near Machadodorp, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 7245; New Agatha,

Zoutpansberg, Burtt-Davy 1214; Spionkop, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9262; near

Morgenzon, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 1011 ; Carolina, Burtt-Davy 2713; banks of the

Vaal River, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1516 ; Vierfontein, Schweizer Reneke, Bloem-

hof, Burtt-Davy 1635.

Indigenous to South Africa. An excellent lawn grass.

C. transvaalensis, Burtt-Davy (in “ Kew Bulletin,” 1921, 283)

Burger’s Park, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. 10798, 10799 ; Houghton Estate,

Johannesburg, Bryant C.10; Uitval, Vereeniging, Turner in Nat. Herb. 21224 ;

Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9270.

There is no doubt that all the above specimens belong to the grass described by Mr.

Burtt-Davy as Cynodon transvaalensis, but at least two of the characters on which he relies

to separate it from C. dactylon are nor constant. The distachyous inflorescence, while

being certainly the most common form of inflorescence, is often replaced by a tri- and

occasionally quadri-stachyous inflorescence, and the valves vary from eciliate to pro-

nouncedly, though usually appressedly, ciliate. The delicate fine habit of the grass, with

its slender stolons and culms and soft, narrow. and rather short leaves, renders it quite

distinct from even fine-leaved forms of C. dactylon. It is one of the best grasses of the

country for bowling greens, etc., making a smooth, compact, and beautifully green turf.

To horticulturists it is usually known as Germiston or Florida grass.

LIX. HARPECHLOA, Kunth. (285).

Spikelets of 3-4 florets, sessile, crowded, unilateral, alternately biseriate along the

midrib of a flattened rhachis; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, continuous

between the valves, the lower floret hermaphrodite, the following | or 2 male, the upper-

most barren, rudimentary. Glumes unequal, the lower persistent, keeled, very thin,

l-nerved, the upper much longer, oblong, flattened on the back, 2-3-nerved, firm. Her-

maphrodite floret about equalling the upper glume. Valve folded, obliquely oblong in profile ,

obtuse, white, thin, 3-nerved, densely ciliate along the nerves; callus obscure. Pale

slightly shorter, 2-keeled. Lodicules cuneate, fleshy, almost 2-winged. Stamens 3. Ovary

glabrous. Styles distinct. Stigmas slender, plumose, laterally exserted. Upper florets

crowded in a club-shaped body, not exceeding the hermaphrodite floret, enveloped by the

valve of the lower male floret ; valves 2-nerved or with a trace of the middle nerve near

the apex, ciliolate or glabrous ; pales 2-nerved ; stamens 3 or 0; ovary usually quite sup-

pressed. Grain free, embraced by the unchanged valve and pale, oblong, obtusely

triquetrous ; embryo half the length of the grain; hilum punctiform, basal.

Perennial, densely caespitose ; leaves firm, folded or convolute above. more or less

curved ; spikes terminal, solitary, rarely geminate, dark olive-grey.

H. capensis, Kunth.

Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, Bryant C.12; Barberton Mountains, Burtt-

Davy 339; Zoutpansberg, Worsdall in Nat. Herb. H. 5919; Volksrust, Wakker-

stroom, Burtt-Davy 5350; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 3909, 948; Amersfoort, Wakker-

stroom, Burtt-Davy 9051.

LX. CTENIUM, Panz. (286).

Spikelets of 3-4 florets, sessile, compactly crowded, unilateral, alternately biseriate

along the midrib of the flattened rhachis; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes,

continuous between the valves, the lower two florets barren or the second male, the third

hermaphrodite, the fourth male or barren, or quite rudimentary. Glumes unequal, the

lower persistent, keeled, thin, 1-nerved, the upper much longer, oblong to lanceolate,

flattened or rounded on the back, firm, 2-3-nerved, with a stiff awn from the middle.

Valves oblong in profile, obtuse, 3-nerved, awned just below the tips, ciliate along the

290

nerves or the uppermost glabrous, white, thin. Pales slightly shorter, 2-keeled or 2-nerved,

Lodicules 2, quadrate-cuneate, delicate, faintly nerved. Stamens, three in the her-

maphrodite, two in the male florets. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct. Stigmas slender,

long, laterally exserted. Grain free, embraced by the unchanged valve and pale, oblong ;

embryo up to half the length of the grain; hilum basal, punctiform.

Perennial, densely tufted, rarely annual; leaves narrow, flat, or convolute; spikes

terminal, solitary or in umbels of 2-3, usually curved; spikelets prettily pectinate and

awned,

C. concinnum, Nees.

Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5480; Billy’s Vlei, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy

9218, 9226; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9369, 613; Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Hamulton

in Nat. Herb. H. 4332; Leeuwpoort, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 7331, 2959; Pan-

plaats, Pan Station, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy 13320, 13289; Belfast, Lydenburg,

Burtt-Dawy 1340.

LXI. CHLORIS, Swartz. (288).

Spikelets of 2-4 florets, sessile, crowded, unilateral, 2-scriate on a slender rhachis ;

rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, tough between the valves, more or less produced ;

lowest floret hermaphrodite, the second male or barren, the following, if present, barren,

often minute. Glumes 2, persistent, narrow, keeled, acute and mucronate, very thin, or

broad, and the upper obtuse, more or less bilobed and rounded on the back. Hermaphro-

dite floret ; valve narrow or broad, 3-nerved, acute or obtuse, minutely 2-toothed, usually

awned from below the apex, often ciliate; pale almost equalling the valve, 2-keeled ;

lodicules 2, minute, delicate, glabrous; stamens 3; ovary glabrous, styles distinct, short ;

stigmas laterally exserted. Male floret: valve and pale as in the hermaphrodite flower,

but smaller and glabrous; rudimentary florets glabrous, awned or awnless, small to very

small, usually without a trace of a pale; grain oblong, triquetrous: embryo rather large ;

hilum punctiform, basal.

Perennial or annual; leaves flat or folded; spikes solitary or several to many in

terminal umbels or short racemes; erect or stellately spreading.

C. pyenothrix, Trin.

Arcadia, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 8054; Mogg in Nat. Herb. H. 10086.

C. virgata, Schw.

Irene, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 581; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg,

in black turf, Galpin M. 430; Springbox Flats, Waterberg, Saunders in Nat.

Herb. H. 2138 ; Shilovane, Zoutpansberg, Junod in Nat. Herb. H. 4681 ; Stander-

ton, Burtt-Davy 907 ; Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1650 ; Christiana,

Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12797.

“Old lands grass.” ‘‘ Sweet grass,’ a useful hay-grass, known in the Orange Free

State as Kwas gras.

C. gayana, Kunth.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 5084; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg,

Sampson in Nat. Herb. H. 4454, 4451; Experiment Station, Potchefstroom,

Burtt-Davy 2704.

“Rhodes grass.” One of our best indigenous hay and pasture grasses, both frost

and drought resistant—very palatable.

C. petraea, Thunb. ot,

Meintjes Kop, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 5381; Skinners Court, Pretoria, Baylis in

Nat. Herb. H. 5376; De Kroon, Brits, Rustenburg, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 6115 ;

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 431; Warmbaths, Waterberg,

Burtt-Davy 2345; downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod- 4085; Potchefstroom, Burtt.

Davy 1067; Smitskraal, Bloemhof, Burti-Davy 10098.

2911

LXII. TRIPOGON, Rott. (298).

Spikelets many flowered; flowers, perfect or the uppermost reduced, biseriate and

unilateral on a slender terminal spike, disarticulating above the glumes. Glumes 1-nerved

dissimilar, lower usually inequilateral, one margin being deeply notched or dilated suddenly

below the middle into a lobe or wiry or segment; upper entire or notched below the

mucronate or apiculate tip. Valves ovate dorsally convex, 2-fid, and awned in the cleft,

or 4-fid, with the outer lobes awned and the inner membranous and rarely awned. Palea

broad or narrow, complicate. Stamens 3. Styles very short. Grain very narrow, free.

Slender, densely tufted grasses ; leaves usually convolute ; ligule delicately hyaline

and fimbriate.

T. abyssinicus, Nees (ex Steud. Syn. Gram., 301).

Onderstepoort, Mogg in Nat. Herb. H. 18252; Komatipoort, Barberton,

Schlechter 11841.

LXIIT. DINEBRA, Jacq. (302).

Spikelets 2—3-flowered, small, crowded, biseriate unilateral on slender, spreading, or

deflexed spikes that are collected in narrow, pyramidal racemes, disarticulating above

the glumes. Glumes slightly unequal, persistent, lanceolate, 1-nerved, keeled and awned,

much exceeding the valves. Valves very small, broadly ovate, subacute, hyaline 1-nerved.

Palea hyaline. Anthers 3, small. Styles free. Grain ovoid, trigonous, wrinkled, free.

An annual, leafy grass; leaves flat. Ligules membranous.

D. arabica, Jacq. (Fragment, 77, t. 121).

Pienaars River, Pretoria District, in swam plands, Osborne in Nat. Herb.; Onderste-

poort, Pole Evans 437; Crocodile River, Rustenburg, Burit-Davy 9293; Mosdene

Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 526.

LXIV. ELEUSINE, Gaertn. (304).

Spikelets 3-6-flowered, laterally compressed, densely imbricate, alternately biseriate

unilateral, sessile on a flattened rhachis, the uppermost terminal, perfect rhachilla disarticu

lating above the glumes and between the valves, or tough, produced, sometimes terminating

with a rudimentary valve. Florets ¢. Glumes 2, subequal, persistent, obtuse or

obscurely mucronate, membranous, strongly keeled, 3-5-nerved, the lateral nerves close

to the keel, the lower shorter, with the keel crested. Valves very similar, 3-nerved near

the base ; lateral nerves submarginal above, with 1-2 short additional nerves close to the

keel. Pales slightly shorter than the valves, 2-keeled, keels winged. Lodicules 2, minute,

cuneate. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles slender from a broadened base, distinct.

stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain broadly oblong to globose, broadly grooved ;

pericarp loose, delicate, breaking up irregularly or almost circumscissile; seed finely striate;

embryo suborbicalar, basal; hilum punctiform, basal.

BE. indica, Gaertn.

Koster River, Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 146; Haenertsberg, Zoutpansberg,

Legat in Nat. Herb. H.140; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in Nat. Herb.

H, 4432; Waterval Boven, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 1432; Belfast, Lydenburg,

Burtt-Davy 1264 ; Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Hamilton in Nat. Herb. H. 5910.

“Goose grass.” A common annual weed throughout the Transvaal.

E. coracana, Gaertn.

Devon, Bethal, Moodie in Nat. Herb. H. 3429.

A species cultivated as a forage grass and also as a cereal, from which the natives

brew a kind of beer; known to the natives as M’Poko.

292

LXV. DACTYLOCTENIUM, Willd. (805).

Spikelets 3-5-flowered, laterally compressed, densely imbricate, biseriate, sessile,

unilateral on a flattened rhachis, the uppermost reduced ; rhachilla tardily disarticulating

above the glumes, tough between the valves. Florets §, the uppermost rudimentary.

Glumes 2, unequal, strongly keeled, the lower ovate, acute, thin, persistent, the upper

elliptic-oblong in profile, obtuse, mucronate or awned, firm, deciduous. Valves ovate,

subacuminate, 3-nerved, mucronate or awned, deciduous with the grains. Pales about

as long as the valves, 2-keeled, subpersistent. Lodicules 2, cuneate, minute. Stamens 3.

Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, very long, subterminally exserted. Grain subglobose,

slightly laterally compressed, not grooved or hollowed, rugose or punctate ; pericarp very

delicate, irregularly breaking away ; embryo scarcely equalling half the length of the grain ;

hilum basal, punctiform.:

Annual or perennial; leaves flat, subflaccid ; spikes in umbels of 2-6, erect or stel-

lately spreading; tips of the rhachis barren, mucroniform, usually curved.

D. aegyptiacum, Willd.

Pretoria, Reck in Nat. Herb. H. 3968 ; Burtt-Davy 39; Warmbaths, Waterberg,

Burtt-Davy 1758; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Galpin M. 432.

“ Crowfoot grass,” occasionally cultivated as a hay crop.

LXVI. LOPHACME, Stapf (3094).

Spikelets laterally compressed, subsessile, somewhat distant on the long, slender,

simple subdigitate branches of a panicle; rhachilla slender, glabrous, disarticulating above

the glumes and between the two lowest valves, tough above. Florets, about 6, the lowest

2 Y, shorter than the contiguous glumes, the following gradually reduced, barren, embracing

each other and forming a tuft of awns. Glumes unequal], narrow, membranous, 1-nerved,

keeled, persistent. Fertile valves linear-lanceolate in profile, 2-toothed, membranous,

3-nerved, with the side nerves evanescent above, finely awned from between the teeth ;

callus minutely hairy; barren valves entire, glabrous, passing into fine awns, without a

callus. Pales very“narrow, 2-keeled, slightly shorter than the valves. Lodicules 2, very

minute, cuneate, hyaline. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, short. Stigmas

loosely plumose, laterally exserted. Grain unknown.

Perennial (2) ; blades flat; ligule a ciliate rim; panicle subdigitate, of very slerder

somewhat flexuous spike-like racemes.

L. digitata, Stapf.

Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H.5468; Johannesburg, Bryant D. 11 ;

Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 5468 ; Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Hamilton in Nat. Herb. H. 997,

H. 10644.

LXVII. CROSSOTROPIS, Stapf (3098).

Spikelets laterally compressed, subsessile, more or less distinctly 2-ranked on the

rigid simple branches of a panicle ; rhachilla slender, disarticulating above the glumes and

between the valves. Florets 3-9, 3, or the uppermost more or less reduced, equalling the

glumes or slightly exserted, or over-topped by the awn-like tips of the glumes. Glumes

subequal or equal, narrow, membranous, strongly l-nerved, keeled, persistent. Valves

somewhat distant, linear-oblong in profile, shortly 2-lobed, mucronate or shortly awned

from the sinus, membranous, 3-nerved, side nerves submarginal, subpercurrent, rigidly

ciliate, margins inflexed; callus small, hairy. Pales narrow, 2-keeled, slightly shorter

than the valves. Lodicules 2, cuneate, small. Stamens 8. Ovary glabrous. Styles

distinct, very slender. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain oblong, strongly com-

pressed from the back, concave or flat, enclosed by the slightly altered valve and pale ;

embryo about half the length of the grain ; hilum basal, punctiform.

293

Annual or perennial; blades usually flat; ligules hyaline; panicle contracted and

narrow, or open with the branches spreading at right angles ; spikelets rather close to very

distant, the uppermost terminal.

C. grandiglumis, Rendl.

The Willows, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 9952; Mosdene, Naboomspruit,

Waterberg, Galpin M. 434; Lydenburg Schlechter 3948; Natalspruit, Wentworth

Sykes in Nat. Herb. H. 8887; Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 14093, 13041,

LXVIII. ENNEAPOGON, Desv. (310).

Spikelets 3-flowered, paniculate ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, minutely

scaberulous or almost smooth. Lowest floret %, the intermediate male or barren, the

uppermost rudimentary, minute. Glumes 2, persistent, membranous, acute or obtuse

or minutely truncate, 3-5- or sub-7-nerved. Hermaphrodite floret; valve very broad,

rounded on the back, rather firm, more or less villous, 9-nerved, 9-awned ; awns subulate,

equal or subequal, plumose, ciliate or scaberulus; callus minute, short. Pale oblong,

2-keeled, exceeding the valve. Lodicules 2, minute, cuneate, fleshy. Stamens 3. Ovary

glabrous. Styles distinct, short. Stigmas laterally exserted, loosely plumose, Second

floret like the lower, but the valve about half as long, glabrous, the ovary rudimentary or

suppressed. Uppermost floret reduced to a tuft of minute awns. Grain oblong, dorsally

more or less compressed ; hilum punctiform, subbasal; embryo large, occupying three-

quarters, or more, of the front.

Perennral, rarely subannual ; blades usually narrow, often convolute ; ligules reduced

to a line of hairs; panicle contracted, more or less spike-like, elegantly bristly plumose

from the numerous awns.

E. pretoriensis, Stent (Bothalia, I, 174).

Wonderboom, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 8905; northern slopes of Magaliesberg,

Pretoria, Fouche 1.

E. scoparius, Stapf.

Bushveld, Pretoria, Reck in Nat. Herb. H. 186; Bloemhof District, Proposal,

Burtt-Davy 9473 ; Smitskraal, Burtt-Davy 12915; Christiana, Burtt-Davy 14128 ;

Schweizer Reneke, Burtt-Davy 1681.

LXIX. SCHMIDTIA, Steud. (312).

Spikelets closely 4-6-flowered ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between

the valves, joints extremely short, glabrous, Florets hermaphrodite, except the rudi-

mentary uppermost one. Glumes 2, persistent, membranous, acute or subobtuse, 9-11-

nerved. Valves broad, rounded on the back, rather firm and villous below, 9-nerved,

five of the nerves excurrent into straight subulate scabrid awns, the four alternate ones

into very thin lanceolate muticous lobes; callus slender, minute, bearded. Pales oblong,

2-keeled, rather longer than the body of the valves. Lodicules 2, minute, cuneate, fleshy.

Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, slender. Stigmas laterally exserted; loosely

plumose. Grain oblong, dorsally compressed; hilum punctiform, subbasal; embryo

large, occupying three-quarters or more of the back of the grain.

Perennial or annual (?); more or less glandular-pubescent ; blades rather rigid, flat,

or convolute ; ligule a line of hairs; panicle contracted, narrow, oblong, or spike-like ;

spikelets turgid, many-bristled.

S. bulbosa, Stapf.

Zandbult, near Warmbaths, Waterberg, Bateman in Nat. Herb. H. 10304 ;

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M.448; Christiana, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 14098; Schweizer Reneke, MacLaitchie in Nat. Herb. H. 8963 ;

Kaffraria, Bloemhof District, Burtt-Davy 12945.

294

Bateman’s specimens from Zandbult represents a form with very short awns.

This is known as “‘ Sand quick,” and is a useful pasture grass of the dry sandy regions

of the Western Transvaal and Bechuanaland.

LXX. TRIRAPHIS, R. Br. (317).

Spikelets 5-15-flowered, laterally compressed, pedicelled, panicled; rhachilla dis

articulating above the glumes and between the valves. Florets 9, the uppermost gradually

reduced. Glumes subequal, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate or truncate, or

minutely 2-toothed and aristulate, l-nerved, keeled, thin. Valves oblong, 3-lobed, thin,

3-nerved, 3-awned, the middle lobe more or less bifid, awned from the sinus, the side lobes

shorter, entire, asymmetric, awned from the inner side, margins inflexed, nerves ciliate,

particularly the lateral; awns fine, scabrid, often longer than the valves; callus slender,

acute, bearded. Pales linear or linear-oblong, somewhat shorter than the valves. Lodi-

cules 2, cuneate, delicate, minute. Stamens 38. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, slender.

Stigmas laterally exserted, very slender, plumose. Grain tightly embraced by the scarcely

changed valve and pale, linear, terete, or obtusely triquetrous; embryo short; hilum

basal, punctiform.

Annual or perennial; blades narrow, linear; ligule a ciliate membranous rim ;

panicle contracted, spike-like, or open, much-branched ; spikelets distinctly pedicelled,

T. Rehmanni, Hack.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 438; Henley-on-Klip, Heidel-

berg, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21141; Welverdiend, Potchefstroom,. Burtt-Davy

14581 ; Bloemhof District, Christiana, Burtt-Davy 1297, 13130 ; Schweizer Reneke,

Burtt-Davy 1683.

T. Schlechteri, Pilg.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 439.

Perennial ; about 120 cm. high, culms simple, 5-noded internodes included or shortly

exserted, except the uppermost, which is very long and long exserted. Sheaths terete,

tight, and finely striate, the lower splitting into rigid fibres; ligule long ciliate; blades

up to about 50 cm. long and 6-7 mm. wide, long, tapering to a fine setaceous point, primary

lateral nerves about five on each side of and scarcely differing from the midrib, glabrous

and smooth all over or slightly scaberulous beneath. Panicle about 37 cm. long, con-

tracted ; branches in fascicles, longest about 1-5 cm., branchlets and spikelets appressed ;

spikelets about 14 mm. long, including the awns—glumes reddish, bifid, mucronate lancco-

late, scabrid, 1-nerved, lower 5 mm., upper 6 mm. long. Valves linear-lanceolate, 5 mm.

long, middle awn about 5 mm. long; scabrid slightly longer than the scabrid side awns.

This agrees with Schlechter 11664, from Lourenco Marques in the Kew Herbarium,

and which was distributed under Pilger’s name 7. Schlechteri. JI can, however, find no

reference in any literature to this species, and it appears that no description has been

published.

LXXI. FINGERHUTHIA, Nees. (326).

Spikelets strongly laterally compressed, in compact spike-like panicles, jointed on

and deciduous from the pedicels; rhachilla tough. Florets 1, %, or if more, then the

uppermost ¢ or rudimentary. Glumes 2, subequal, narrow, thin, complicate, 1-nerved,

keeled, shortly awned or mucronate. Valves oblong to lanceolate, mucronate, rather

firm, 7—5- (rarely 3-) nerved, the upper smaller. Pales slightly shorter than the valves,

ovate-oblong, 2-keeled, flaps broad. Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous,

slightly constricted below the apex (at least, after fecundation). Styles distinct, rather

long. Stigmas very slender, finely plumose, subterminally exserted. Grain unknown.

Perennial, caespitose; innovation shoots intravaginal; blades narrowly linear ;

ligule a dense line of silky hairs ; panicle compact, spike-like ; the lowest spikelets barren,

consisting of a few empty glumes.

295

F. africana, Lehm.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 5168 ; Springkok Flats, Water-

berg, Sampson in Nat. Herb. H. 4452, Burtt-Davy 1129; Christiana, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 13078, 13099, 14123, 1497.

LXXIa. ARUNDO, Linn. (331).

Spikelets 2—7-flowered, laterally compressed, in very compound panicles, rhachilla

disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves, joints short, glabrous ; florets

hermaphrodite, the uppermost reduced. Glumes equal, broadly lanceolate, shortly acumi-

nate, keeled, membranous, 3-5-nerved. Valves more or less equalling the glumes, ovate

to lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, finely bifid or entire, long hairy below, 5—9-nerved, three

nerves more or less percurrent or excurrent, the rest short, the middle nerve often produced

into a short, fine bristle ; callus short, shortly bearded. ales slightly exceeding half the

length of the valve, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, obovate, nerved, glabrous. Stamens 3. Ovary

glabrous. Styles distinct, almost as long as the laterally exserted plumose stigmas. Grain

obovoid-oblong, broad, loosely enclosed by the valve and pale ; hilum basal, punctiform ;

embryo occupying almost wholly one side of the grain.

Perennial, with creeping rhizomes, extravaginal shoots and very tall and stout culms ;

leaves rather evenly distributed over the culms ; sheaths slightly exceeding the internodes ;

blades long, broad, flat ; ligules very short, membranous ; panicles large, much compound ;

spikelets hairy.

A. donax, Linn.

Although this grass is not represented in the National Herbarium, it is known to occur

fairly plentifully on river banks in the subtropical parts of the Transvaal.

LXXII. PHRAGMITES, Trin. (333).

Spikelets loosely 3-10-flowered, awnless, in large panicles; rhachilla disarticulating

above the first and between the following valves, slender, glabrous, joints very short ;

lowest flower male or abortive, the following hermaphrodite, the uppermost florets reduced.

Glumes thin, unequal to subequal, lanceolate, acute, more or less rounded on the back,

3-nerved, or the lowest sometimes sub-5-nerved. Valves heteromorphous, the lowest

linear-lanceolate, much longer than the subtending glume, otherwise of a similar structure,

quite glabrous, persistent, the following valves very thin, linear, long and more or less

caudate-acuminate, 3-nerved, middle nerve percurrent, side nerves fine, short, callus long,

slender, with very long silky hairs. Pales linear-oblong, about half as long as the valves.

2-keeled. Ledicules 2 (or sometimes 3 in the lowest floret), obovate, 2-3-nerved, glabrous,

Stamens 3, or 2 in the lowest floret. Ovary glabrous, in the lowest flower rudimentary

or quite suppressed. Styles distinct, rather short. Stigmas laterally exerted, densely

plumose. Grain loosely enclosed by the valve and pale, free, oblong, semiterete ; hilum

oblong, short basal; embryo about half as long as the grain.

Perennials with a creeping rhizome ; extravaginal innovation shoots, and tall sheathed

annual or perennial culms ; blades flat ; ligule a narrow, ciliate, membranous rim ; panicle

lax, usually very large and much compound ; spikelets conspicuously silky from the long

callus hairs.

P. communis, Trin.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy in Nat. Herb. H.610; Selous River,

Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 158; Komatipoort, Barberton, Burtt-Davy 358; Lich-

tenburg, Burtt-Davy 62; Zeerust, Marico, Burtt-Davy 120; Vlakfontein, near

Amersfoort, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 4039.

LXXIIJ. POGONARTHRIA, Stapf (3374).

Spikelets laterally compressed, subsessile, more or less imbricate, secund on the

irregularly spirally arranged branches of a panicle; rhachilla disarticulating above the

glumes and between the valves, tips of the joints ciliate. Florets 2-8, 8. Glumes rigidly

296

membranous, l-nerved. Valves oblong, rigidly membranous, acuminate, quite glabrous,

3-nerved ; side nerves evanescent above the middle. Pales 2-keeled, slightly shorter than

the valves. Lodicules 2, minute, delicate. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles dis-

tinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain tightly embraced by the scarcely altered valve and pale,

linear-oblong, obtusely triquetrous or oval in cross-section ; embryo less than half the

length of the grain; hilum basal, punctiform.

Perennial, stiff; blades rigid, usually convolute ; ligule a fringe of cilia; panicles

straight, with spreading, more or less curved, branches in irregular spirals; spikelets

secund, crowded, livid, purplish or dark grey.

P. falcata, Rendl.

The Pyramids, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 4478 ; Henley-on-Klip, Heidelberg, Stent

in Nat. Herb. H. 21145; Barberton, Burtt-Davy 8011; Pruizen, Pietpotgieters-

rust, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2220; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin

M. 449; Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1110; Warmbaths, Burtt-Davy

2408; Slurry, Marico, O'Connor in Nat. Herb. H. 18962 ; Shilavane, Zoutpans-

berg, Junod in Nat. Herb. 4685; Waterval Boven, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 1425 ;

Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1653, 1682; Christiana, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 14129, 14152.

A coarse wiry grass of little value, except when quite young.

LXXIV. DIPLACHNE, Beauv. (337).

Spikelets shortly pedicelled or subsessile, somewhat distant or remote on the simple

slender branches of a panicle; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the

valves, glabrous. Florets 2-10, ¢, or the uppermost reduced. Glumes unequal or sub-

equal, membranous, l-nerved, keeled, persistent. Valves oblong to linear-oblong, 2-toothed

or minutely notched, rarely quite entire, muticous or mucronulate from the sinus, very

rarely shortly awned from below the apex, membranous, 3-nerved, usually finely ciliate

in the lower part of the nerves or sometimes quite glabrous; side nerves percurrent or

almost (or sometimes very shortly) excurrent. Pales 2-keeled, shorter than the valves.

Lodicules 2, cuneate, fleshy, nerved. Stamens3. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, slender.

Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by the slightly altered valve and pale,

oblong to obovoid-oblong, dorsally compressed, sometimes quite flat, rarely terete ; embryo

equalling third to half the length of the grain; hilum punctiform, basal.

Mostly perennial; tufted, somewhat coarse grasses; blades long, narrow, flat or

involute ; ligules membranous, sometimes reduced to a rim; panicles consisting of slender

usually long, simple, loosely spike-lke and more or less distant branches ; spikelets light,

or olive-green, often tinged with purple and dark.

D. fusca, Beauv.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 3367 ; Mesdene, Naboomspruit,

Waterberg, Galpin M.540; Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 11410, 12788.

D. biflora, Hack.

Eloff’s Plantation, Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5446 ; Meintjes. Kop,

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy in Nat. Herb. H. 3546; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson

in Nat. Herb. H. 4427; downs, Zoutpansberg, on open veld, Junod 4106 ; Water-

val Boven, Carolina, Burtt-Davy 1407.

LXXYV. ERAGROSTIS, Beauv. (341).

Spikelets usually strongly laterally compressed, pedicelled in open or contracted

panicles, rarely sessile in simple or compound spikes, very rarely articulate on the pedicels ;

rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves or tough and persistent,

glabrous, sometimes more or less scaberulous, very rarely minutely hairy. Florets 2 to

many, ¥, or the uppermost reduced. Glumes unequal or equal, usually membranous,

297

l-nerved, or the upper sometimes 3-nerved, keeled, persistent or deciduous. Valves more

or less imbricate, ovate to lanceolate, acute to obtuse, entire, muticous, membranous to

chartaceous, 3-nerved, glabrous, very rarely minutely pubescent ; side nerves short or

almost percurrent.. Pales equal to the valves or slightly shorter, membranous, 2-keeled,

deciduous or persistent on the rhachilla. Lodicules 2, small, cuneate, more or less fleshy.

Stamens 3, rarely 2. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted.

Grain enclosed by the scarcely altered valve and pale and deciduous with them, or more

commonly falling with the deciduous valve, leaving the more or less persistent pale behind,

oblong to obovoid or globose, round or very obtusely triquetrous or quadrangular in cross-

section ; pericarp thin, sometimes slightly swelling or separating; embryo often half as

long as the grain (or sometimes longer) ; hilum punctiform, basal.

Perennial or annual, of very varying habit ; blades narrow ; ligule reduced to a fringe

of usually minute hairs; panicles lax to effuse or contracted to spike-like, or transformed

into simple or compound spikes; spikelets usually more or less olive-green or olive-grey

breaking up variously, very rarely deciduous as a whole.

E. caesia, Stapf.

Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1344.

E. curvula, Nees.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 4375, 4365 ; Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 5162 ;

Trene, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 32; Germiston, Fenn 8742 ; Elsbury, Witwaters-

rand, Rogers 12147; near Nylstroom, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2065; Mosdene,

Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 451; Zoutpansberg, Methuen in Nat. Herb.

H. 8802; Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1327; Helvetia, near Machadodorp,

Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 7246; Carolina, Burtt-Davy 2986, 7389, 2961; Athol,

Ermelo, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H.98; Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 2166 ;

Welverdiend, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 14563; Vlakfontein, Amersfoort, Wak-

kerstroom, Burtt-Davy 4146.

A useful pasture grass.

E. lehmanniana, Nees.

Pyramid Estate, near Potgieters, Waterberg, Galpin 8904; Crocodile River,

Rustenburg, Burtt-Davy 9301; Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof, Bwrtt-Davy 1651,

1637; Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 14139, 14149, 13447.

E. chloromelas, Steud.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 4362; Irene, near Pretoria,

Burtt-Davy 3847; Meintjes Kop, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3945; Lydenburg,

Schlechter 3969 ; Panplaats, Pan Station, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy 13331; Ermelo,

Tennant in Nat. Herb. H. 6954; Davel, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 1656; Standerton,

Burtt-Davy 3319 ; Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 1478 ; Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-

Davy 11701; Schweizer Reneke, Burtt-Davy 1640.

E. chloromelas would appear to be a very variable species—some of the specimens

quoted above are very dissimilar in appearance and yet agree, more or less, with Stapf’s

description of the species. Many of the specimens previously placed under HL. chloromelas,

E. nebulosa, or BE. curvula in the National Herbarium I have separated out into distinct

groups which appear to me to represent distinct species. These I am recording below

simply as sp. A, sp. B, etc., pending a revision of the whole genus.

E. sp. A.

Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 844; Schweizer Reneke, Burtt-Davy 1643.

A species with a rather stout, leafy culm, erect or geniculate, basal sheaths up to 9 cm.

long, rigidly convolute leaves,long, rather contracted panicle and narrow linear, few-flowered

spikelets.

298

E. sp. B.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3557.

Densely caespitose, with rigid basal sheaths, slender culms, rigidly convolute leaves,

spreading ovoid panicle, and broader and rather obtuse few-flowered spikelets.

E. sp. C.

Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 13659 ; Beginsel Farm, Standerton, Baitt-

Davy 927, 1018 ; Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt- Davy 13062.

Densely caespitose, with short, whitish, rather thin basal sheaths, finer leaves, panicle

ovate spreading or slightly contracted, and. rather short contracted branchlets.

E. sp. D.

Henley-on-Klip, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21128; Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust,

Galpin 8901.

In habit very like sp. B, and may be the same species with narrower spikelets.

E. sp. E.

Welverdiend Station, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 14598 ; Christiana, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 13062; Machavie Station, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 1481.

Near to H. Burchellia (ex descr.), but spikelets 4-7-flowered, keels of the valves scabrid.

E. sp. F.

Meintjes Kop, Pretoria, Pole Evans 438; Henley-on-Klip, Heidelberg, Stent

in Nat. Herb. H. 21146; Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust, Galpin 8901.

Culms slender, 14 to 2 ft. high—leaves very narrow and setaceously convolute and

flexuous, panicle delicate with numerous very fine capillary divisions and scattered, 2-4-

flowered, spikelets, conspicuously white bearded in the axils of the branches and branchlets

A very distinct species.

E. sp. G.

Gezina, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21470; Pyramid Estate, near Potgieters-

rust, Galpin 8903 ; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 453.

E. nebulosa, Stapf.

Vlakfontein, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy, 4164; Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy

13672.

E. porosa, Nees.

Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12795, 12803.

E. bicolor, Nees.

Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust, Galpin 8899; Springbok Flats, Waterberg,

Burtt-Davy 1182.

E. Wilmsii, Stapf.

In moist places near Pretoria, Schlechter 4155.

E. Burttdavii, Stent (in Bothalia, I, 176).

Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 10506.

E. sporoboloides, Stapf.

Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. den?) H. 5478; near Bamboesspruit, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 1519.

MacDonald’s specimen has a panicle 45 em. long and often 5-flowered spikelets and

may, when the revision of the genus is undertaken, have to be placed urder a separate

species.

E. atherstonei, Stapf.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 4483; Warmbaths, Waterberg,

Burtt- -Davy 859; Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust, Waterbe re, Galpin 8902; near

Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1608.

ONS)

One of the dominant grasses round Vryburg, Cape Province, and found mostly in

association with H. lehmanniana. Atherston’s specimen from Lydenburg in the Kew

Herbarium, on which Stapf founded the species, is very poor and not typical of the grass—

it has a narrow panicle, erect unbranched culms, and 3-4-flowered spikelets. Round

Vryburz, where the grass is abundant, the culms are usually geniculate and much-branched

and the panicles often 8 cm. broad and 17 cm. long, while glands are not always present

below the nodes. There is no doubt, however, that the grass collected by Atherston at

Lydenburg is the same as those quoted above and as the Vryburg grass.

EK. plana, Nees.

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 827 ; near Nylstroom, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1998, 2082 ;

Pyramid Hstate, Potgietersrust, Galpin 8897; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Galpin

M. 538; Houtboschberg, Burtt-Davy 1256; Vlakfontein, near Amersfoort, Wak-

kerstroom, Burtt-Davy 4011; Standerton, Burtt-Davy 889; Carolina, Burit-Davy

2964; Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Hamilton in Nat. Herb. H. 5909.

“ Os-gras.” “A hard, wiry, tufted grass, much grazed, when young, by horses, mules,

and oxen, but soon becoming too hard and wiry.”—Burtt-Davy.

“ Only grass I have found that can hold its own with Kikuyu.”—MacCallum.

E. biflora, Hack.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M.445; Mailas Kop, Schlechter

4559.

E. sp. H.

Turffontein, Johannesburg, Bryant B. 68: Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy

9139; Vierfontein, Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1647.

Annual; near to #. bicolor, but taller and more robust with larger spikelets of usually

3 florets. Rhachilla continued beyond the terminal floret.

E. Galpinii, Stent (in Bothalia, I, 176).

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 456; Pyramid Estate, near

Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Galpin 8900 ; near Nylstroom, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy

2034; Warmbaths, Waterberg, Burit-Davy 1149; Letaba River, Zoutpansberg,

Junod 2350.

E. patentissima, Hack.

Experiment Farm, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9364.

E. denudata, Hack.

Groenkloof, Pretoria, Phillips H. 21682; Warmbaths, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy

1144; Vierfontein, Schweizer Reneke, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 1624; Christiana,

Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12992, 14130, 11412, 11397.

E. sclerantha, Nees.

Spionkop, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9240; Booth and Bell in Nat. Herb. H. 3400 ;

Grasdale, Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 9263.

E. chalcantha, Trin.

Eloff’s Plantation, Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5447; Sunnyside

Kopjes, Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5457; Skinners Court, Pretoria,

Burtt-Davy 3805; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 1668 ; Derby Station, Marico, Burtt-Davy

7167 ; Beginsel Farm, Standerton, Burtt-Davy 930, 1017 ; Blesbokspruit, Ermelo,

Burtt-Davy 951; Henley-on-Klip, Heidelberg, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 21136;

Uitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-Davy 9159; Pan Station, Middelburg, Burtt-Davy

13308 ; near Zeerust, Marico, Burtt-Davy 7193; downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod

4097, 4102 ; Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 1066 ; Vaal River, Bloemhof, Burti-Davy

1506.

“A short leafy grass, common on Rooi grasveld and giving a nice leafy bite for

sheep.” —Burtt-Davy.

300

E. pallens, Hack.

Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 459; Vaal River, Bloemhof,

Burtt-Davy 1058; near Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 9623.

Burchell’s 2190, on which Stapf has founded his species #. dura, is an undeveloped

specimen of H. pallens.

EB. major, Hack.

Hamanskraal, Pretoria, Burti-Davy 1092 ; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg,

Galpin M. 462; Warmbaths, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1143; Standerton, Burtt-

Davy 1782; Viakfontem, Amersfoort, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 4056 ; Potchef-

stroom, Burtt-Davy 1216.

“ Stink gras,” an introduced weed.

E. barbinodis, Hack.

Wonderboom, Pretoria, Pole Evans in Nat. Herb. H. 21472; Hamanskraal,

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 1087; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 450,

455; Naboomspruit, Mogg in Nat. Herb. H. 11665; near Nylstroom, Burtt-Davy

2066, 1997; Krabbefontein, Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Burti-Davy 2368.

Perennial ; often with long surface stolons that root at the nodes and send up fascicles

of barren shoots and flowering culms. Panicle often more or less contracted and up to

20 cm. long.

E. superba, Nees.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 5104; Hamanskraal, Pretoria, Burit-Davy

1093; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M.463; Springbok Flats,

Waterberg, Burit-Davy 9078; Warmbaths, Burtt-Davy 2227; Komatipoort,

Barberton, Burtt-Davy 371; near Magatas Nek, Zoutpansberg, Burtt-Davy 152 ;

Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 14140, 14095.

E. brizoides, Nees.

Eloff’s Plantation, Pretoria, Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 5475; Skinners Court,

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 1181; The Willows, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 4490; Houghton

Estate, Johannesburg, Bryant C.34; Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust, Galpin

8906; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sanypson in Nat. Herb. H. 4463; crags and

downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4095; Belfast, Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 1374;

Amersfoort, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 9047; Ulitgevallen, Heidelberg, Burtt-

Davy 9163; Beginsel Farm, Standerton, Burtt-Davy 3079; Amsterdam, Ermelo,

MacDonald in Nat. Herb. H.100; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 3877, Tennant in Nat.

Herb. H. 6970, Burtt-Davy 3917.

BE. obtusa, Munro.

Skinners Court, Pretoria (cult. ?), Aaron in Nat. Herb. H. 7902; Potchefstroom,

Burtt-Davy 1064; Christiana, Bloemhof, Bwrtt-Davy 12497, 1512, 11411.

E. lappula, Nees, var. divaricata, Stapf.

Skinners Court. Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 1021; Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Burtt-

Davy 2400.

BE. aspera, Nees.

Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 2418; Magoebas Kloof, Zoutpans-

berg, Mogg in Nat. Herb. H. 10668; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin

M. 446; Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Sampson in Nat. Herb. 4443.

E. gummifiua, Nees.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3806 ; Turffontein, Johannesburg, Bryant

D.5; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M.457; Pyramid Estate,

Potgietersrust, Waterberg, Galpin 8905 ; Springbok Flats, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy

1127; Warmbaths, Waterberg, Burtt-Davy 1146; Potgietersrust, Burtt-Davy

2340; downs, Zoutpansberg, Junod 4105 ; Waterval Boven, Carolina, Burtt-Davy

1440; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 1658; Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 1070; Christiana,

Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12785, 14153.

301

E. ciliaris, Link.

Barberton, Burtt-Davy 8012.

E. namaquensis, Nees.

Pyramid Hstate, Potgietersrust, Galpin 8896 ; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Galpin

M. 539.

E. viscosa, Trin. (Mem. Acad. Petersb., Ser. VI, i, 1831, 397).

Pyramid Estate, Potgietersrust, Galpin 8908.

E. abyssinica, Schrad. [Linnaea XII (1838), 450).

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 2126; Groenkloof, Pretoria, Goodwin in

Nat. Herb. H. 8782; Mosdene, Naboomspruit, Waterberg, Galpin M. 440; Wel-

verdiend Station, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 14596.

Escape from cultivation—*“ Teff.”

LXXVI. KOELERIA, Pers. (346).

Spikelets laterally compressed in spike-like panicles; rhachilla glabrous or finely hairy,

disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves, produced with or without a

rudimentary valve. Florets 1-5, %, or the uppermost more or less reduced. Glumes 2,

persistent, subequal or unequal, subacute to acuminate, keeled, the lower usually 1-nerved

or like the upper 3-nerved, margins hyaline. Valves exceeding the glumes, acute or obtuse

with the margins and tips broadly hyaline, 3-5-nerved ; side nerves usually faint, conniving

above, middle nerve percurrent or excurrent into a mucro or a short subterminal awn ;

callus very minute, glabrous. Pales shorter than the valves or almost as long, 2-keeled,

2-toothed, conspicuously hyaline and white. Lodicules 2, hyaline. Stamens 3. Ovary

glabrous. Styles distinct, very short. Stigmas laterally exserted, plumose. Grain oblong,

laterally compressed, whitish, soft, tightly embraced by the hardened back of the valve ;

hilum basal, short, obscure ; embryo small.

Perennial or annual; blades usually very narrow; ligules hyaline; panicle usually

cylindric, often interrupted, glabrous and glistening from the hyaline white margins of the

valves and pales, or more or less hairy.

K. cristata, Pers.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Stent in Nat. Herb. H. 4364; Leeuwpoort, Carolina,

Burtt-Davy 7438; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 5467; near Amersfoort, Wakkerstroom,

Burtt-Davy 4130; Volksrust, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 5354: Vlakfontein,

Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 9038.

LXXVII. STIBURUS, Stapf (38714).

Spikelets laterally compressed, subsessile or shortly pedicelled, in spike-like cylindric

panicles; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves. Florets

4-5, 3, the uppermost reduced, shortly exserted from the glumes. Glumes equal or sub-

equal, membranous, lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, l-nerved. Valves very similar to the

glumes, but 3-nerved; callus very minute. Pales shorter than the valves, 2-keeled.

Lodicules 2, minute, hyaline, cuneate. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles short,

distinct. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by the hardly changed

valve and pale, free, oblong, terete; embryo short; hilum basal, punctiform.

Perennial; tufted; blades very narrow, usually subsetaceous, long; ligule a ciliate

rim; panicle cylindric, dense, usually dark purple, greyish-villous.

S. alopecurioides, Stapf.

Houtbosch, Schlechter 4747.

302

LXXVIIL POA, Linn. (378).

Spikelets mostly 2—6-flowered, in loose or close (rarely in spike-like) panicles ; rhachilla

disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves, glabrous or scantily and minutely

hairy ; flowers hermaphrodite or the upper imperfect. Glumes thin, membranous, keeled,

acute or obtuse, 1-3-nerved. Valves membranous, sometimes rather firm, obtuse or acute,

5-T-nerved ; callus small, obtuse, often with a tuft of long wool. Pales shorter than the

valves, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, more or less 2-lobed. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles

short, free. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain ovoid, oblong or linear, often

grooved, free or adherent to the pale; hilum punctiform, basal; embryo small.

Annual or perennial; blades flat and flaccid or convolute, and more or less rigid ;

ligules hyaline ; panicles open, often effuse, rarely contracted, spike-like ; spikelets rather

small, awnless.

P. annua, L.

Trene, near Pretoria, Van der Byl in Nat. Herb. H. 5258; Lydenburg, Bwitt-

Davy 401; Belfast, Burtt-Davy 1390; Caledon, Lake Chrissie, Ermelo, Hamilton

in Nat. Herb. H. 6740; Volksrust, Wakkerstroom, Meyer in Nat. Herb. H. 7783 ;

Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 1034.

LXXIX. BROMUS, Linn. (389).

Spikelets laterally compressed, at least, after flowering, variously panicled ; rhachilla

disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves. Florets usually numerous, §,

the uppermost reduced. Glumes more or less unequal, acute to acuminate, persistent,

lower 1—7-, upper 3-9-, nerved, and sometimes mucronate or aristulate. Valves lanceolate

or broadly oblong, rounded on the back or keeled, 5—13-nerved, usually awned; awn

terminal (rarely 3 or 0) or somewhat distant from the often 2-toothed tip, straight or

recurved and then often loosely twisted below, not kneed. Pales entire or bifid; keels

usually rigidly ciliolate or ciliate. Lodicules 2, oblong or lanceolate, entire or lobed.

Stamens 3, rarely 2. Ovary obovoid with an often large, villous, 3- or 2-lobed terminal

appendage. Styles short, lateral on the appendage. Stigmas plumose, laterally exserted,

or in the cleistogamic species permanently enclosed. Grain linear to linear-oblong, convexo-

concave, and usually adherent to the valve and pale, er at least to the latter; hilum

filiform long; embryo small.

Annual or perennial, or very varying habit; blades linear, flat, often flaccid; ligules

membranous, hyaline ; panicle contracted, often very dense, or open, and even effuse, or

reduced to araceme ; spikelets rather large, erect or pendulous, from ovoid to linear-cuneate ;

awns very long or short, sometimes reduced to a mucro or 0,

B. leptocladus, Nees.

Groenkloof, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 10958 ; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 4166 ; Volksrust,

Wakkerstroom, Nourse in Nat. Herb. H. 6196.

B. unioloides, H. B. K.

Irene, near Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 3841; Lydenburg, Burtt-Davy 413; Vlak-

fontein, Amersfoort, Wakkerstroom, Burtt-Davy 9035; Kolonies Plaats, Potchef-

stroom, Burtt-Davy 9080.

“ Rescue grass’ (naturalized). One of the best winter grasses, relished by all stock,

susceptible to smut in the Karroo,

B. tectorum, Linn.

Skinners Court, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 1909.

B. inermis, L.

Groenkloof, Pretoria, Melle in Nat. Herb. H. 11555.

With the exception of B. wnioloides, which is known as Rescue or Prairie grass, the

Bromus spp. are introduced weeds.

LXXX. LOLIUM, Linn. (395).

Spikelets usually more or less compressed, 2-ranked, alternate, sessile in the hollows

of the rhachis of a simple spike ; rhachilla glabrous, disarticulating above the glumes and

between the valves. Florets’ 3-11, or sometimes more, 9 or the uppermost reduced.

Glumes of terminal spikelets equal and similar, lower suppressed in the lateral spikelets,

upper linear to oblong, obtuse to acute, flat or slightly rounded, coriaceous, prominently

7-9-nerved. Valves oblong, rounded on the back, subobtuse, minutely 2-toothed (or

acute in profile), more or less chartaceous except at the short hyaline tips, glabrous, 5-nerved,

muticous or awned; awn a straight bristle from close to the tip. Pales equalling the

valves or nearly so, 2-keeled, keels more or less crested. Stamens 3. Lodicules 2, lanceolate

with a lateral tooth. Ovary glabrous, truncate. Styles distinct, very short. Stigmas

laterally exserted, plumose. Grain elliptic-oblong to linear-oblong, tightly enclosed by the

valve and pale, adhering to both ; embryo short ; hilum linear, almost as long as the grain.

Annual or perennial ; blades linear, flat ; ligules hyaline; spikes terminal; spikelets

more or less erect, 2-ranked, with the (upper) glume opposite the hollow of the rhachis.

L. temulentum, L.

Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Burtt-Davy in Nat. Herb. H.5105; Zwartkoppies,

Pretoria, Burtt-Davy 7095; Vogelfontein, near Germiston, Witwatersrand,

Macdonald in Nat. Herb. H. 6675 ; Ermelo, Burtt-Davy 3889 ; Belfast, Lydenburg,

Lewis in Nat. Herb. H.5007; Amersfoort, Wakkerstroom, Robertson in Nat.

Herb. H. 16576; Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 852, 1762.

“ Darnel”’ (drabok). A weed in grain fields; injurious to stock and to humans.

L. multiflorum, Lam.

Koloneis Plaats, Potchefstroom, Burtt-Davy 9086.

Perennial rye-grass—escape from cultivation.

LXXXI. OROPETIUM, Trin. (398).

Spikelets sessile, solitary, more or less immersed in the hollows of the rhachis of a

simple distichous terminal spike; rhachilla very slender, glabrous, disarticulating above

the glumes and between the valves. Florets 1-4, Y, or uppermost rudimentary, shorter

than the upper glume. Glumes of terminal spikelet equal and similar, lower glume of the

lateral spikelets suppressed or (if present) more or less reduced, sometimes split in two,

upper very narrow, rigid, except at the hyaline margins, subacute to acuminate, 1—3-nerved,

nerves often more or less confluent into a broad rigid midrib. Valves oblong or lanceolate

in profile, elliptic to broadly oblong when expanded, distinctly or obscurely keeled, at least

in the upper part, truncate or minutely 3-toothed, hyaline, glabrous, hairy along the nerves,

finely 3-nerved ; callus bearded. Pales equalling the valves, faintly 2-nerved. Lodicules

2, minute, cuneate. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles slender, distinct. Stigmas

laterally exserted. Grain oblong, subterete or slightly compressed from the sides ; embryo

abou’ one-third the length of the grain; hilum punctiform, basal.

Dwarf, densely tufted perennials, rarely annuals; blades setaceous ; ligule hyaline,

ciliate, short; spikes very slender, straight or gradually curved; spikelets closely or

loosely 2-ranked on the opposite or subopposite sides of the rhachis.

O. capense, Stapf.

Christiana, Bloemhof, Burtt-Davy 12782.

“s =

vet

ale

DN DIDI EO) WOVE IIOS al

PAGE

INCENSE, Crim sa emcee ol ec OO ee 196

» SPILOCALPOIGES wetatpene) cite eye ia 195

INCI En 0 od CO OE CR CIE RRC R ER RO ONCE PIE 231

Acokanthera spectabilis.................. 59

PA CTOCELAS Mesias cise. silos axchaliacs. cis isvein’ pecs cnaess 227

Actinopeltella, Doidge.................... 216

a ihn, WCE. concasecocac 216

FACTINOpElUI SMe cr cisee ry pristine teeta ueieveve 216

INGER CES lo 4:0 0 SSSA een OIA ela eo SO RES 142

JXEMOY OMANI: & og Bir ORI Oe Ce oe ee 23.4

JNGOBIS a coo pacooUAGCeDHneLadoKe Ms PP) Pies}

5 laenanthas Neestacancracte cee ce 283

5 Matalensis, Staples yeas se 283

as Suamisse Staple niche tyetr ioe cir 283

BE eee rere eRe eae sesh cls Linreve) o: Sanel cia sucanieve. nose cis aes 233

Aizoon hispanicum, Linn................1

microphyllum, Bartl............... 155

pA armnnllo Oryerersiccecke re carcusr eestor eve cei sre neeueyevs- acapunsous ate 43

Allbizziaptastioiabamerrrr etic) 27

Allophiylustalimirerme sacri rnscec eo 57, 59

3 UE CATN At sev cnc vevansi efe eee eseesiiavsuans 59

5 decipiens, Radkl............. 59, 61

a CrOsie, TRACI o5o000000cc0Gc 59, 61

oF melanocarpus, Radkl.......... 60, 61

monophyllus, Radkl.......... 59

JNU O TIE ods cogcosupeeceooonaTeoes 226, 257

5 semialata, Hitch. var. Ecklonii.,

Staph saree Siwses esp ot, atts 257

Aloe ser Winn acasvesse tivation cuatsvolysierere oie 139, 141, 143

» and Mesembryanthemum, Genera in

Thunbergs Herbarium............ 139

ip. SOstodooo nes doco o aublod dow oacun pe 12

~ CGreidinnon@n, MUNG o6coc0odnessa606 140

| BAG ACES, IW). c500ccnc0ecend 139

Bee) AL DOLESCONS!eisyis ance sleiarelene eine sisce.e 12

me) mbar badensiss jac ciec eles cate tik Gusys sys 142

PEE CIChOLOMa se LHI beeen 140, 143

fy CIRO, ANN) on ooocobaoboona5dS 140

SRN TOTOR ee ae ee ee eaters 20

— THROORA, WeTioaconacccucccegs 0006 142

Pe umalisy Noll errr eee rarer 140

ee ehumiliss ebhunbsereccmie sien ein eae 140

Pe) latifolials sAlawesh tire yore tac ctencheenc one 141

litonei, AMINO cconaocopoancsoucn. WZ) IAL

9 (PRTUGG OPTS WiWS 5 o000 oo 0088 ce 140, 141

IAC ata eT hun eee arene tae 141

PU METINILIALOLINIS':-<-fa;sislesa stelle cvesettee heen 12

UEERT AL ALON SSS r4i000: saicletate tte aheero y neteatenes 12

1 (Se nOllenim, NNN, seocgoocuneds 141, 142

1 Cid nil, ocodanooameocosdeaue 7 141

PD Diaby lepistrrpre mittee roiriciarvave aetele 20

5 jaignils, NMI ccooopoosoda bce 140, 141

Pe \pumalase Dhunibaaeee errr seca 141

Out E), Ib oooonedcoeonemehooDS 141

mee TEbUSA,. LAMM, mer Pai loberetl ne aoee: See 142

Pe retusa, Thunder kerio se eet 142

PAGE

Aloem spicata, Winner mernerr reise cies 142

sf HOCH, INN csoqgoadcceacoUNdoDS 142

5 SOMME ANNA ccocoddsounsecneso 143

5 RUCCOTIME, \WWEMOleccooscoocuacece 142

6 Cera iti, WWW 5 ococenceoocducnose 143

1p = WEIBEEANIA, IVNNDs gcc seo0ccedomobac 142

Bese VOL Asjerere tere tere Meee ao ete eee eee 141

VISCOSA ae LUN DEE erie teenie 143

Amazonia Goniomae Doidgessom ean ecni 204

Amp nilop lisse eer eee eee eee ree 225, 244

iS glabrayistapie recite 244

insculpta, Stapf............. 245

Anastrabe Inte gerniM a sere eee eer eee 207

PANGIANG ace tele eee oes eile eae on see 34

AndradcasaLboredne seer reer te 30

IANALOPOL OMe tierce cere eee eas 226, 246

5 amplectens, NNees.-.--.:..... 247

5 annulatus sHorskeee eis 245

0 appendiculatus, Nees........... 247

55 Guchism Stapler ee 249

3 Buchanani, Stapf...:........ 249

35 ceresiaeformis, Nees....... 220, 252

Hs COMMIS, Weossovgcaace00000 253

33 CyMmbaris mann ee re eee 251

D dichroos i Steuds-pee nee aoe 249

a dregeanus, Nees... .2 2. -- 249

a EUCOMISH NEES heer eee eee 247

e MG ObTES SKEW soocoocuauend 247

66 filipendulus, Hochst.......... 251

i halepensis var. effusus, Stapf. 243

5 hirtiflorus var. semiberbis,

Staplers een 240)

x hortuss Moines eee oe 249

33 huillensis) Rendle... sss see - 247

3 intermedius var. punctatus,

Stapi-neeae, sR aRee awe 244

t monticola var. trinti, Stapf... 244

op MATGUS Seat oe see ee ee es 66

Ss nardus var. marginatus, Stapf. 248

: nardus var validus, Stapf.... 248

pertusus var. capensis, Stapf. 245

; plurinodis, Stapf............ 248

% TOT UUM Soopanccoeco0eT 249

a UU PTECRIV, | HLAC Kattan sles: 251

Bi SchinznseHackaee eerie ac 247

3 schirensis, Hochst., var angus-

(HOE, SAPD oo noconoo dsc 247

5 schoenanthus var. versicolor. 248

ANMIOC NNO coacooncvsscessac.p0c5 Pay 227, 255

35 OUNCE ME, INEEKIn ca onanscon 222, 255,

Anthistiria tmberbis, Retz..............-. 219

Anthoxanthumbeey. ease meee oibiescices 233,276

s: @lommaen, Wicoocuccoosuus 276

AmbhracnOses cri accitaeler teeta mera ores 179

Aphysa Rhynchosiae (Kalch. and Cke.)

ANNs Crh Shlonoaccodncanssoa0edbe 65

Apicray Spiralis, sBakemere rte etkel eile ee 143

an gow, WAlGl sooo ccocpeonasoo0ur 143

306 INDEX

PAGE

Apodyiesiicinnt diaitaseeeree tener reise 210

Applesiciey aaa ececsepemerite aioe crore 179, 182

Arcynhyllum, Torrey and Gray........... 115

Aristid acu 22 a eee eee 222, 229, 276

33 BDaoeoooccovododacsobooan0ad000 278

ackcenciouis, Iiscancoomaca000occe 277

Aristida angustata Staple ele er 277

50 barbicollis, Trin. and Rupr....... 277

Ff bipartiti, Trim. and Rupr........ 277

3 Burkei, Staple. ac sa wetness 277

7 congesta, Roem. and Schult...... 277

% junciformis, Trin. anil Rupr...... FATT

os Sealonyalliae, IGG, doonnesnodsocs 277

5 SEMA, SNADisccanccasnanapeonse Ma TI

x AE aeEMA, Wailoosacveso5ac00ea 278

es Spectabiliste backenmsrerm eee istier 278

is Stipoidesss vam: nee eee: 278

oS stipoides var. meridionalis, Stapf. 278

Ee Paar hora, INCI. ocouncocoenusceed 278

35 vestita, «Chunks veel rmneecor 278

ATUN GIN ALIA. esr hie einer ree ae 235

3 tessellata wi suhcncisa neo 69

‘Arun dinellansanencca ice moon oncncire 231, 256

FF Beko, INGESs ocoogoadoecbes 257

Amun dooce crrecen GeO oa ee 233, 295

f. Adonax.y ani ais Sane howe 295

Ascomycetes, South African; in the

National Herbarium—

Parts — Wass cays (0. ercucbeenGh orotats 5

arta olin. c i eecws aby ncn cere 65

Par tintlilili cs cetycneus eRiraeeaeeac mentee 195

Ascostratum insigne, Syd................. 206

ASPALACUS SP iraveieys-leiostie ciekewo eventos Geen 9, 16

5s SUPTALUS cence: a ica cu sreWolo se coc: 9

ASN TATOO, JP, WINNS o 506556555 00000 12

PAG ICI AIT Pea eR GOIN nee Blo GR Os Groh o Sauce 210

) AGIGGIN FOsocaccasscaacvavcune 210, 213, 214

PAINSICTUNCMCODETISI SN ei eer 71

a celtidicola, P. Henn, var.

microspora, Woidsen sa... 204.

Asterina crotonicola, Doidge............. 76, 82

5 GliboD AR, Bhyvlocsabeccasnadooooas 204

20 gerbericola, Doidge........ 202, 204, 210

2 macowaniana, Kaleh. and Cke.... 212

on Scolopiae, Doidge................ 77, 82

a solaris, K. and (ike. ae 10

5 Streptocarpi, Doidge. . seep lneteasy es 203, 216

i5 Tin culate tne sees ae ee 202, 204.

Asterine)lanni@s (esis sak eae roe 199

PE mimusopsidis, Doidge.......... 80

a Pterocelastri, Doidge.3-...-.--- 198

Asterod othise «ie tires tarnene toe ee ote seca: 15

solaris (K. and Cke.), Theiss. 10, 11

Asteromyxa, Theiss wands SyiGyeeeiettyet ek 199

Pe [sthanel CMRP A ee cine Linen Oo G 199

? Sn inconspicua, Doidge.......... 199

FNGOWIE > coo ea paGoseoovaDODD ODO OOUDDLONS 234

Auerswaldia disciformis, Wint............. 21

5 examinans, (M. and B.)...... 21

AS EN AStLUIM yar. 250i oe ckaarehe= chee 234, 284.

+5 turgidulum, Stapf.......... 284

Avocadoins.. fee hte A Ale Reta 179, 180

Axonopus semialatus, Hook., var. ecklonii,

S12) GAD SHU Ue OAD AGO eo 0.40050 cao 0 257

PAGE

Balbalagerassey entice aterm ere a 257, 274

Baker, Edmund G.—

Revision of South African Species of

Bubiynchostanta% oh ic ccstsgpeue steve evcnsis see 113

Bambu sal, ci esatens scent nt Goan neice suc 235

iBarkebibtersnes as actos ae isis suas 34

BAGEL SKN RTEWIOOC|s oo occcusonacoccngces 34

Beeehie arsine aise outa eR resis cristae 98

iBehniaereviculataren secon: cle 2 19)

Bermuda qui Chap reno eerrciectan eects 288

iBersamanehresen eee eee Dos Olam Oo

a MietGenusea.c eect ee oe 33

99 abyssinica, Fresen...... 36, 38, 63, 64

IBoontyeshelandsireei eens 187

Boscia: :Cattra vase sca aoe ere Eres 196

Baa wizard Sacre verses een ek ECT ISERIES shee 264

Brachianiaicen tect soc eee eva era ne a LOMeaol:

“A MICH. SUM oopsoabooacvo een 263

5 brizanthare stalp.ieeeee nner £22, 262

= lisachn ess. tap leer eee er 262

i Werder, SWais5..650cc0a0en6 263

oe mA, INGER 6sosc0ccoucu0v00 262

55 nigropedata, Stapf.......... 222, 262

REMMI, SMAlMloosscvaccqaeuosue 262

Brae hylaena SPiieasse seteeeepse ces cee ns 6

- Gentabais<(cins cmieteecs vse ccssene.s 6

x Giscolorasaeew ee cesses 6

- ellipticar teem ose emer 6

NMETUPOlIG). cascades Clee trae Melee 6

Brachypodium PNT aro ORIG CRON aR CRENS 235

IB RACIAL), Doo 5 soaccoccdooassocuseogce 221

TBI atpchtaicaceoe Cee Ree oe eters rere ne ree 234

IFAC ccsssccdoecddocduPoooc toe 230, 232

IBromuUsser nt eee Eee eee oe oersoke 234, 235

IDRIS TJD acccoavocsccsnsnec0p0anc000 302

abs IMENTS su ilacrerouneuceewarsecne ee cusatne: resiananee 302

= IeyHHOGAGHBE, IN@EScoccancHodance05 302

5 UECuOAII, ILM sss0000000000500% 302

unioloides, H.B.K.. 302

Eom, N. E.—

The Genera Aloe and Mesembryan-

themum in Thunberg’s Herbarium 139

BWM GES occoanaavoos ces so0nesdoode 264

Burchelligucapensisneetr meee tenner 22

ISEIN UWE ooo6 bu bboe aD DONS COG UOMaNOdUNGS 105

BOR We OW AM, osoobo bss0050bGnbODDON 79

CHlERMNAATHISaaconcosdacobonssoosnODNS 229, 283

a epigeios, Rott., var. capensis,

SYM onoongs0codcancuene 284

Calonectria capensis, Doidge.............. 218

Calothyrium psychotriae, Doidge.......... 76

Canany te aSshaee eee eerici een rec: 276

Cape’ (Blane s-ieicsscmeinie oc oer 89, 93

Cayonochiial, .obodoocdocodancapeone 5005000 213

es citricolum, McAlp............ 213

Capparishicitritoltarra sem ciciereeetrsetns titel 204

COpmgeh(ojjorraemboan, ilewlsooo6ccoou 0000 acKeor 57, 58

a halicacabum............. 58

CAaRISSa crete eRe Rene root eke 79

As SDiiaciie eee rei aee haere 10

3 EK habloGhicla oy oo coeeceoed dD, eae too 10

st ALGUMIN Ate eeieeiee 3. ee rad 10, 72, 78

faEinolitloyscenoaokdggonoAcoboe cos 10

Carrot seed RkKdooduenadodeocs so00on08 255

Cassine CapensisS........+.+.+ssereesseeee 212

INDEX

PAGE

Cassipourea verticillata................... 79

Catacauma dalbergiicola (P. Henn), Th. and

S140 EISIeyRioncio Sle Caaies ois ane 25

Bs grammicum (P. Henn), Theiss.

Ghali Clae a tae 5 a eeolecion 26

fs ecleraces Doidcemememaa ae 25

» IFiGiOCR AO P\Cloaaaccsguedocae 25

Schouees Woidoer semen. as -- 65

Catha OCT Sere y ec c eis aen esis euscspure Se cnsues 6

(Gelastrinmeuiemmerye cuace cre cals er cede aise aides 208

Welastrusteprrsc scien irs sictevn cn omuenee a Sap eraieks PA

3 ACW EVO neeoemosasAGoombe 197, 208

ne ADAG ete Neieten sec veer arerel Ie oe 212

5 PERT LONU See eine eee vere snenste 200, 212

Bs lslninGyelikorogocsg eo scemec ss 200

i MEWATROSURS Oo dale aoe > Oo Sa UIo ABER 200

Fa Pokyacanbhusees eerste 212

os VCR NER ae deacaooe 4oacdnae 200

FT OO Rie Sryicie eee oe eect Cit gi moe 200

= Semecalensistyy s.t tise cis ss secusie sic chee 200

Wenchruser era tctiac.s sishsisist sues sucte s aleces lace 227

@haetacmepvanistaae a0 cls sae ae ee 79

Chaetoprontusee seer isc cei te i eee 232

ChaciosnigwiGlenpeticodas sceseenedos aan me 210

3 asterinicola, Doidge....... 210

a capensis, Doidse-=......- 210

Whaetobtinyniumre rte .t-v yi Sette se. 212

Chiltanthuspanboreusseeene ceca acolo 199, 206

(OldiloEuSiwcocadec cb acts Oe ORC ae Cee 230, 290

co ANA, Ing year eoeelas Uses oe 290

co joeinace, INANE s see omen oaaqeades 231, 290

45\) JON VCWOXNHS. «Tats Dope eeielon ae alc amor 290

POM MEAVAL O Ailclsp SCMNW race oi cuce ick casiat ay tees aleve oi 290

WhinysoposOmbe emt pete cps ce te ops wee cccie aie 225, 244

Hs montanus, Trin. var. tremulus,

Sbarp figeremeee vers ancl sisiatcnnye nis 244

ae MOMEICO LAR amon das eles 219

Clim soseee, Iga. cobocbecebosseoaqce 114, 115

Chrysoscias calycina, WH. Mey.............. 116

bs grandiflora, KH. Mey............ 115

mackie, 13,1 ececddcanodgagcc 116

a parviflora, B. Mey............-. 116

GubEUSE ey eee ae arte ces syeaaeseiers) 2 seein: 179

MEE Men Re cic ueecuey ch cceysucc alts nranslieneracnty 21, 213

Gree IPaspoelt, (WHOM )ocscocoedcaenece 258

Gleistachines sep cpmiacei eae ceri ease 224, 253

Sorgshoides, Benthe.-.-- + -. 4555 253

? Clypeolella, SPouanopicous coe seoere nee 210, 214

Clypeosphaeria natalensis, Doidge......... 81

@occonia; capensis, Woidge:-..-4.- 22.4.4. - 8

: COMeeniiMee, Sil cadetoecabanuc 7

o parmarn, BP. Henn.............. 26

jooiete(o) (OHS), SHCC Eggo diasgocade 7

Coffee Pears (Pleurosbylia) eres 34

Commommbush! bea... aces sectaaacas cer 106

Conophytum truncatum, N. HE. Br......... 165

CONUS. osc cco OO Ren peoesOe oem ANS 114, 117

Copisma diversifolium, HE. Mey..........-- 126

4 Grjuedninn We ME aeaaseoen cae > cg ne 128

a pelea VEN MOY «25 a2 sus es ce 127

a (MU aiHiO, Ih WICKS erememee ee Rc ceo 125

ks glabrum, B. Mey Ee See tog 132

~ glandulosum, E. WIEN gonocmocoek ¢ 132

bi grandifolium, E. Mey Bec ettagotess: sacs 120

_ TOLROUATU,, Bra WC ier 21e)s 2 -\s ot = oie 138

5 paniculatum, 1db Migyieaolelode one c 130

Ze PPECULA a ANV CN ars rc' 4 sms Shnit aero eis 125

307

PAGE

COTO jC ao cg peosodedbelsoncooscc 131

a rotundifoluum, KE. Mey............ 119

sy KOK ototam Sitka eb cine Meee icc 126

zs HOLM O3 ee cotoln AucuhOe OCOD 130

oF Tue voiles, 1B Wi eosqunoedauddede 138

pescidulum, Bry Mey. 2) 22.4. 42 137

Cordia (CEN in easiatens Goidktoldss Us Git Ean 27

Coryneliay clavate (Is), Sacesa-- 4-6 - 4-4 eee 218

5 Cunpaojuodlil, Sle oodococcenenesos 217

3 fructicola (Pat.), v. Hohn....... PAT)

o Uh DOS a CRE peyse jae a spocdousroeies seek 216

Uberatay (Meet. cer aicea Wate mes 218

Coryneliaceae AUD OnE OS DHioO Cntad 6 Hiecee Gt: 195

CEOSSOLLOPIS aes eysyuicie Aah ere chem ehes cee: 233, 292

- grandiglumis, Rendl........... 293

Crotongsilvaticumberter atm eect ecieee 67

Crotonisimivid lalcisaan rater eee aires 77

CHOW, GOON) (MESS oaosedolecoscamocdancnwos 292

Cremiumese aca ere etree OO noo

A coninnumbesNeessese eee 290

Cunoniay Capensisn era :i-c stu: este restr 213

Cyanospexnumyy Benbhiy-miaricht-)-) eae 114

Cyatheamdnresein nine acer eae 28

Cyclopia, Vi ent. The Genus. sujeu nines. 105

a INSHUONI aero ee 106, 107, 109

By IBOUSUS see Sot ae eee 107, 109

5 brachypodarrr-eee cere eee 106, 108

AB brachypoda, var. intermedia..... 108

3 egtiosles, ID; Cecostcoucoocsese MOF, Mae:

IFW MNS A gonceccansassaoeeme 106, 107

D6 genistoides, Bier sera 105, 106, 108

3 laititoliak ID i Cie raekr “eee eit 106. 107

Ce montana. 107, 109

fs montana var. , glabra. BEC cic eeese 109

* pubescens, E. aa Jian ae See 107, 108

we sescuibtilomm, IB, Wie ocoacceocen 107, 109

s Sub vermaitay WMOSerer-lielrree 106, 107

tenuifolia, ehn......... 105, 106, 108

Vogelui, Harv., var. brachypoda,

Fliaitvet Secret nets: cea abrers ese 108

Vogelti, Harv., var. intermedia... 108

50 Vogelti, Harv., var. subternata,

1S Era ermeie tacit 0 cael acre Ore 107

Cycloschizonte rier coe eerie 6

Glyde (MES) cooonssocacass 6

brachylaenae (Rebm.); P:

[elevate Madina gis ys eee 6

5 fimbriatum, Doidge.......... 6

pritzelii, |e) sklenms agp she 6

Cyclotheca IBOOK, IDOMCE aa sogdnceasoee 196

Cylista angustifolia, Ecklon and Zeyher.... 116

Chomesinjoads WE NIE coac soon eeouoc 116

; argentea, Ecklon. & Zeyher........ 116

5 (RCH Gonccs 60.60 bo DRO Doyo conc 115

CHUA NORM scadasunatcaccoocbudcorce 226, 247

os CECE ENS ISUENSos a Gs oon oeue 248

marginatus, Stapf........... 248

Pe plurinodes, Stapfi............ 248

NOCHE, SuEHOC ce one sass bOounS 248

CimMeochMecosedessseckudoogrosoorastns 230, 288

5 dactylon, Pers...... 67, 222, 288, 289

WACOM, INGE osocnsdoacase 67, 289

Pe TANS Weaalensise a sieisacien sys cree) als 289

OymOsuLuseee sa ani = Loos 20

IDEONWESG sate dodeobossoadneenncuocnoUmode 234

Dachyloche nium rps eis eb ect ise 230, 292

305 INDEX

PAGE PAGE

‘Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum, Willd....... 292 Dothidea edax, B. and Br................. 32

IDA, AMEE oooucacscvgcvemboocuDD 25, 30 35 examinans, M. and B............ 21

< ALIAS epee. Mee ee rite ee 25 = lucenss. Cl. cant aan eed: os, 5, < Bie 68

Danthonia, -- 3 ee eee 232 5 oleifolia, Kalch. and Cke......... 22

Darnel-drabokoavteersernch ena tore 303 strelitziae (Cke.), Theiss. and Syd. 31

Daubentomiaweeeeene ee ees 40, 53 UOT OMG cock 6 vals o no Oe ano Oe 27

ee pomenami, 1D), Coascasocascs 115 Dothidella osyridis, Barl. and Vogl........ 18

Dicanthiumeeeeee sn ee BL Suave weet 225, 245 5 osyridis, var. tassiana, Sacc.... 18

annulatum, Stapf..:......... 245 Dothidina disciformis (Wint.), Theiss. and

pappilosum, Stapf........... 245 iS hf leg MORSE MIO eRe oie ic-onc ake SOREN E 21

Dictyochorella Andropogonis, Doidge...... 66N Dovyalismirhammnoi deste eee ee 198

Didymella MOAN OPHOUS, NNW conccosaccos S..- SDPACACMA ES isc o.s. seus key ween peter cc th ence Tz

Mielsiellase es se ee ttt Cee 6 GCLiEK COVA ENGR ya Nols Ol RMR, 140

Dielsiella alyxiae (Mass.), Th. and Syd.... 6

us [APU 12 ISIN co cae genceos GJ dolaimoC@lalopes aocaccdsocoscsdvoonccods 227, 263

Digitariarc: dancers coats oceans 226, 266 > @oloma, Ibi, ocneconcoan90c8 263

¥ argyrograpta, Stapf......:...... 266 IEIOMeoM, SHAMis cos acon aensoce 263

BAS, SEDs ccaccadesansooexc 269 Stagnina, P. Beauv........... 263

Glaloibig, Will oocosocnvooccunens 269 Bhrharta acevo toys ries Rho DAN cin CSE eS e eee i 233, 275

Giagonalisty Stayer 269) Bibrhartamerc citar Wanner serrate ir 275

GmevaNlNe, SWC! coocacanveuacoc AX) —BikeysorelemohoIN SPa0ccocsaccoaacueasccenasce 10, 11

eriantha, Steud, var. stolonifera, AKSEMOVPKOWHAMN canocoocaccons 12

Stapf. . ee OD 7. (CAINANIOs coodoo oo cdcaus 79, 212

horizontalis, Willd. Neen te eereeeceucguge 269 ; CHOCEWNAS s coccoecc 11, “és "200, 208

loraepbiloria,, IREMS.ccccensosoeduoue 269 Eland’s BOONTIES irs oo yraesaer ner meeereae iaied ae 187

Es menmeninetar, IA Kooenaneseocso0c XXS) INN Y AES Gone Sasod oon denagoavcsces 48

marginata, var. fimbriata, Stapf. 269 Elephantorrhiza, Species in the South Af-

monodactyla, Stapf............. 266 AEM VOMIT, 5 oo oc ober eoneocoscuac 187

monodactyla, Stapf., var. ex- Hlephantorrhiza Burchellii, Bth........ 187, 189

ohicayia, StAjiscoascocesecoue 266 25 Burkei, Benth.... 187, 189, 192

Setivaliva,, Stemtss sss oee se 268, 270 obliqua, Burtt-Davy... 187, 189

Smutsii, Stent...... 220, 223, 267, 268 obliqua, var. glabra, Phil-

WEVA, [APs ooo0ncoanee000000 269 INfBoocoavooeconesseo oe 189

tricholaenoides, Stapf........... 269 a pubescens, Phillips..... 189, 190

VIANA, SAO. cocacacsagoccer 269 Rangeri, Harms....... 189, 192

Dimeriella oR, SPEFo0.0c000c00600Km D0 199 rubescens, Gibbs.......... 192

Dinebirae. eka scent er ere es 230, 291 suffruticosa, Schinz..... 189, 193

Diner, aloe, MACE > c0c0cccccanocece00c 291 Woodii, Phillips....... 189, 193

Diplachine eae ee aceon en 231, 233, 296 oA Woodii var., pubescens,

lovilom, IslaCkKkooocoscscavsccno0c 296 zhi Sie eee 189, 193

; fuscamIBeaniveeses ck tastes eee er 296 — Hleusime yee. esse ite eteugin one eesua wets 231, 291

Diplock horella amphimelasna (Mont.), CoORACAMEL, CASRN coocccecc0ee50n 291

Pheiss: sand Sydiecacaseee- c- oe Shee 18 WACKCR, (GRIMM. ocoacosa000ec0005 291

Ditch) 7omass ye. MA eee ee ame ete 258 I DAoy abl itsiecentaerrSu beg o oo tino MOIOS.6 DD A aD)

DONO) STASs. Sees Meee eee te ee 89 20 argenteus, Nees............. 222, 242

iDoclornen,, Mains Io eoconosaccoeneponedocc 57, 61 Elmerococeum peglerae (Pole Evans),

26 viscosa; WWinnys eh ane ese eae 61 Dioiclxa-sapiciaa cao coeaope apmuods 06s 20

Doidge, Ethel M.— Emerus pubescens, Schum................ 48

South African Ascomycetes in the Poi iaizain hss cictc eee teie eae sy ase cease ees seeetedeven ses 34

National Herbarium—Part I.... 5 Endodothella natalensis, Doidge........... 30

Parts illees. 65 strelitziae (Cke.), Theiss. and

Part IIIL.... 195 Syd Lheer AMEN ao antho. o.oo. 66g'4 31

A fungus of Economic Importance on the Bin erullalste hari rent teint tata eet eerie 199

PAV ANSE NOG he Cann Hao one 56.80 60.6.0 17) WONDER. oosoc0s cgcgoso000Kcen 222, 232, 293

Dolicholus ambacensis, Hiern.............. 134 20 pretoriensis, Stent......... 174, 293

é wenulosus, Hierm............... 132 as scoparius, Stapf........... 176, 29:

Dolighosscibbosusreaeeeerereemace ere (Ds) — imioyolhoeamer, ooacsnoccoscasoagogngoenss 23

Minimise NER Le eee 19%3 IBIAS ooo cousoocosgaeaz500a00 222, 232, 291

yacimmlWoeibIs|, IEG, son casocnodcuoe 114 = abyssinica, Schrad............. 30

Dombeya THONIACHHOMNEL couonoocccanodysue6 28 ESPEN, IN@Zs 5000090000000 3008 30

; Slain GeV on oncbon cocoon oao8 28 Atherstonei, Stapf............. 22

Donyalis: cafiras tne) j2h.. eee eee 29 barbinodis, Hack.............. 30

Dothidasteromella contorta, Doidge......... 15 Toe@lor, INCESicoso cose a na boor 176, 29

orbiculata, Syd ho eee eto 13 “i Joytiloyi,, IEIVOle, Soongetboccooncsua 28

Dothidea amphimelaena, Mont............. 18 20 brizoides, Nees............-... 300

Onotonass \CKEW a. nstaei sce etree ett 67 Burchellii, Stapf............... 298

INDEX 309

PAGE PAGE

BACT OShismoMnnLdA Steuer eet Gs o2o seblacourtiaceaeess stasis <2 shee eer 83

; CLOTEH SME OipvoBaahsloo nade Oner 29 aWloriday (Grassy ai. si tacks i.cfapsis 2 chs eoche alah Boekoke 289

Chalcenulyy Absines hoo cdooous 222, 299

up chloromelas, steud....24.-..--- 297 Galega pinnata, Thunberg................ 117

a Crlramiswe mcr (tee caine JOSE Galenia ase cee Geen iota ae eee 155

eminvilbs, INGESBC deed o conse] tae yy filiformis, IN. EH. Br....... 155

= curvula, var. valida......... 172, 297 Galenia herniariaefolia, Fenzl............. 155

is Genud atas Hacker warmreiey-ryainrr 299" Gasteriay.. aie aerate meee eters cates 140, 141, 143

WRT IEC Bakes sehen aoe 300 Cisticha sapere iiece nero crete 141

£6 eemmochl oid Gare rem iret 222 pulchvare Hawes -rel 141

59 GalpmisStenteseeeer ee) Los 299 55 Warne, IN, 18, WR cece ooocce. 140

“0 Ganvetica. Sveudee eee ace 178 us VELLUCOSA s)astsscipohsevoiticee eee 140

55 gummi, INE Scanooedauedos B00 mea Gerberacordatann aeons PAV, PALI

lappula, Nees., var. divaricata CORUM GRE, sococcns oosaracesSocacecs 289

SiR Disghonbomenecostnonge da. S00) Choos yoaiitiNGncnoqswensnesansodsaccoscce 179

3 ligmneyaneneyne, INGSoncccs B22, ZT, PO) Cllowuctitiin..cooaqnescdoosdapdudscucoocce 40

mebulosa, Staple. 1. se seles - 297 agente Lau Dee etter 126

s HAUT, MIO. ccsscacdadnce 222, 300 ORS Hit RODNenooncenccaccocoac 115

5 pallens Hacker snes enavsoeisisyeveneye- 300 GGG, AVMINYS,4o000cccocn3¢00086 115

patentissima, Hack.....--..... 299 GAG, SION ch ooooa sb oan dco Cee 132

3 lara NCES irs lny-seerehe east 222, 299 glandulosa, Thunberg............. 132

os WOMEN, NEES e oeeagucssudeocas 298 a5 heterophylla, Thunbg.............. 132

ay sclerantha, Nees....... Re tinese 299 . aaoniti, WNT SGR oococacneoe aces 121

sporoboloides, Stapf............ 298 Dotta-ebunib Seetevie etree ert 130

a MUO, INGEIs6d nec accsbeooecs 300 Gonioma EMME an seeds de Ap emed KomonGe 204

h Wallick, SiGilitves coer coceoocHebe 172 ROOSEMOTASS: :- oxs-c.c che Seve regat ors EM ateN aN «ic ck 291

WiSCOSHs ) DRM rot exerts eteyotetre 5 sei SOUT ‘Gramineae? asc) sic sci ceshedenensvoterteverer eueve ore Sar 170

Walimsiitins tapi sett seietaeis 298 Graminae, South African—

Ergot (Claviceps Paspali)................. 258 A New Genus and Seven New Species 170

Erianthus LCC, SYN oocene nenoscoan000 236 Graminae of the Transvaal........... 222

Hriochloaeeern. ieee saci «scien erect 226, 258 Key to the South African Genera..... 224

ARE, Jabsco cococsccoane 260 Grass—

35 WOME, Siiisocscoccosa0es 259, 260 babalanccersckshe ce onas crass 257, 274

% MMOs, IXtiMieecosanoddaousedd 260 permiud ay qiic keer. Teeter 288

IMO NYSSs ogc coo chohonecoeo coos one sce 225 BIEWN VAR canon ddacsegoooosuccocbon 264

Eriosema puberulum, Ecklon. and Zeyher... 130 puitelsi =) iirosut ised ou Venesiej-neKersenee ee 264

> sericeum, Ecklon. and Zeyher..... 133 CHIMMAYsooncopsneccoocddcLodbonoOcdes 276

Biicleamumacnop hiylllareyererters sr ee elerse a rice = 16 CHOU SEB nnd pacshvensssongssecodcoc 255

Maal NSIS tyra meee ken aeucmeveresieiaves: 15 CLOWAEOO tL ARM = eee Rebate tenee tometer 292

IMAM) Vo gomococecdessooosuassdednane 79 Gla ereccop ob eee occur oocae > bo cinae 222

re GAPOMISIS Ayaasesee nee teqece ters sucusis ie fcuer= ops 25 Chine (nent ame oo cnn ate oo Coes 258

, ZOVMG Ieee eet pe tegen tei oy i 7d GODOe Ss Go Boe eee eee RO 89

BRIE sooosge ooecdopoeccdossdacadeddt 224, 236 GYMS sonascoess0gacoocestosoooae. 251

os pEMOMeNA, SHEOiscsacsoascusssene 236 AAV oog chocotoobooareheooocns a6 48

. willlOsm, INCOScecoccesnesoesougcdos 236 InLiVR CHR MOORE ea OOS Houta o.oo eq ee 268

DueMlormpnanEAe, coscoaeceahosacoacegnes 219 INC Ms conseoseoOontooosscsoucuHes 289

Huphorbiatspe ee ee ee 206 (Genmistoner tants wp teprcr ice keiis cuca ieketeas 289

Schintziikees eee wees Serer ae 23 FOOSE! tence 3p ch pak v edn yem ee iey hs BCE ROS 291

Eurhynchosia EOS Ook Oo OCA 114, 117 NN ences dopedeeceosomoebedun6.o0r 264

Bnsesbantale see emcee 40, 41, 42 Imadiany |b uttels scars verre rtsraee eerie stares 265

BRISEACHYS)2 2.21 aietsiteche terme tree neckatees eye icler ane 231 Witikjepbosomoseaeume Donoooseeamau sa 273

eoxolo) wallets cece sboccoemoeucotoode 258

a Capensis.........---.+-.+-..- eee 209 IKON Cssaccoognboocosndoecacaoosona 272

IDEN Ab Racer Eee cea od eee er 209 Mortal nesses stevie -ouevevize BOUaa eps Oe 1 ecane 262

Ww lignes WWHCReegocanccso0de 114, 158 a, Caine ee Gees bai tndia.¢ a cicioeeiee 290

a Nike erelniionigdes secucbnoodonasocs 197 nonilket: Ieee KACRCL oo occocosenosooane 262

DA re Ae coarse uv Misael s wide oO ZOD IWolassese aren cca cn eee ea or oaexehens 257

vaults, SiewClescacossoccaauads 234 Natal bulfelse. ace tpasitelncie’> sass 272

WOoondoot cooeoanoeosessumenanos PhS 7a AY) Neil Wl TK )scsoscaccocoonseoeeunee 271

PMNs oon oes écoc cue ER SOO SE aaD 26, 29 CORN ExaXe Soc aamnic. co cme cu boc car oem ol 290

ochstetteri, var. glabrior..........- 24 OSNi aye hers anes sepa stone teks ee oe 299

ee HO WARGIAN Atccrarsteticm rere tere (oscbans adores cxduate 24 SENESgaNeb de GED SOOM CO ton On ee cons 262

LORE Osa SS aaa aieaecato d ontokache Meee ara 3 268 jxeaidl imllitcaoecoeecsscdodeucndeboOBe 274

PANES CEA TUMI Arar. ai, c1yeka Seatac yet as, <= 231, 294 PANNE Ms cenacsoohecadacodsggongGS 262

Fingerhuthia africana, Lehm...... 222, 232, 294 jamal 1YCooocsoagapesoonsuceccnDeE 303

310

INDEX

PAGE PAGE

Grass— Hyparrhenia variabilis, Stapf............. 251

prainie wor. wescueseren er eee 302 Hysterographium Acaciae, Wordsernw seer 196

reed CRIDER ood ods onde og ooKbowo soo 276 He Fraxini (Pers), De Not.,

Tegte, week.jinacisiee soya cease 288 var. Oleastri, Desm .. 195

IRINCGISS ss0¢ access G0dabgo0d0Kund0R9 290 5 spinicolum, Doidge...... 195

MOOWe\e)ayonnyaoh-Velieloksto) sh oyelin) ote oie ellel-Ns ete eevtel= 204) Vitysterostomanie-.a. eee eee 15

SonuthiAtnicam) muillets y.eaeeeni aes 273 af Faureae, Doidge.. 197

SPE AT AME Ne ennike Gin ova niyeeainaian Seems 258 Be orbiculata, SiO lbcisyeereume oe 13

steek One COD Cass cic hilt yee 253 Hysterostomella circularis, Har, and Pat.. 7

stin sas ov coo oUUm One DOC bdea 0000 300 of concentrica, Syd ee... ee "Wf

SWE WEE Jobo a uoeedanobooua vc 276 Bs Ugo, ByCloooscscescaeeoc 9

WEHM TCO IO ccccacoocaccoscoonsocss Yee, ZN EARONOMMINAS oo oc0¢esuaac0snoesnooocc 9, 10

ts Beer aor no ae eo FOO ER OT ob iic Aton 238 3 WONG, S\locasccooseoocn 9

UUEDENGINE tre. oles sie cleieyei-yeie eee 248

Warmbathss-ninesck cate inne eee 962) Ubbetsoniast:..iec acta mcia ss ee ee ees oe 105

WALGEDECS tise cient cen ace cl csaeeeey tine eee 249). Iimiperaitas sash tec eee ae eee ete as 224, 235

ZLuurpolitcjsneteectctt. tee oie, Ae ee 242 50 arundinacea Cyr., var. Thunbergii,

Creyianp Hoo kmran Gib cr. vase re eee 57, 59 1g Yes ole aici wicackcacs cask Rea eer 235

Be Sutherlandi, Hook. and Harv..... 5Os Indian Buttelsscrassseeeee oes ee 265.

(Crumileacapensish se eee ee eee ete AV —-- BAILVOHWAGD, HDsc0coccnccsonsovosciesesc0ebe 208

Guinea), Svass.,..5. 005 cece ee RyY ASWrcocosenadgodcsodscooooveamaos sox 81, 209:

; > implicataeDordcex meen acne iene 206.

Ealllentamellipticasny erence eerie 17 py lecalleme, IDols@.552500050000n05 207, 209

lhacid ac .05 eee 17, 207, 209 iy) BOdOcanpie Mas tem terete tee ae nbc vct. 218

Harpechloa;.,.sacccinae eens ene 230, 289 Rumoreae se) o1d Serer meyer eee 80:

i Calpensiss Kenia Dee eee 289 ANAC IDOCEO docossossonase sence 75

Paworthia..c. ote a ok ieee a 141 ileclhexaraneern SCRA tReet ar ae id CGA HIT crs ca 225, 236

arachnoidea, Duval............ 140 66 ATCUALUIMN, (Sapir eis ee 238.

: arachnoides, Haw.............. 140 S faciculatum, var. arcuatum, Hook. 238

%) fasclata, ‘Elawraccteroeraitie eee 141 a glaucostachyum, Bs nto cumerices 238

oranaiban lela, we eee een eee 141 a Mellei, Stent. . ES e Lola LOS:

53 margarititera, Elawe..... «5.09: 141 30 purpurascens, Stapf. a eee ast 238

muven, Du coscockanedsoecs 149) WsipingayWoidsex- eee ener e err Hoon 15

Haworthia WASCOSa) ai FLAW amevemuraca mnie neen 143 ALE O lata Olde een ee yarn 15

Hieidellbergesteay. cea airccacie nate Ser pwennie oo eee 106 Commer, IDs ooo da06s00bea8 15

iEelichny sua Spaerichccit erie ne 70 sia Beanie 0

Helminthosporium sp..........-+s.-++..- 20g Jasminum angulare...................... 8

em arChria sryattrer-stecte: scien aaron 224: 241, Keun eee eres ete Cee aoe 98

Hemarthria fasciculata, Stapf............. AN TGeneleniie, aia. os .coodesnderseanoae- 204

Heteroporontne a eee eeeae sorcerer QI5N 252 Te litee ee ee meee eo eenmcnrnEaee 273

Heteropogon contortus, Roem. and Schult. 253 Knowltonia vesicatoria...............+-- 208

leery Wee Ooo use nob soGnsaGbGGodooGam> LOG) igod craN Tie teen eye eete eer on ea eter ot eres 258

Hidrosia bullata, H. Mey.................. ISG Kroclarinteaay 2 ater er meee eee 233, 234, 301

Hippobromus, H. and Z.................. 57,61 Koelaria cristata, Pers................. 222, 301

alatus, E. and Z........... CUE NS IOS nooo 5 op cane oeoadaeobansabuc 140

Hofmeyer, Joan, and E. P Phillips— KO Pye wOuaser veneer elma chr ere ea ee eng 272

ihesGennisy @ linia sae eee O7'= “Teilonast a eee ee eee ihe heli? 262

The Genus Cyclopia, Vent............ 105 Kwas gras FACES OO. & Sloe OIE Oia Se erarelas 290

THIOLCUS sa di ecensns Chenct ce eeu e ie COO IS a | ewroele

lanaiusy lige aia s ee ees eee 284 Peete Me ou Utar anes hy COUR 288

Homostegia albizziae, (Cke.)............... 27 BS Pa ee Seen We Oe ea st ea 975

3 HMMM OAH Wy. o00000002000000 18

12 Kola AG Dn oho cle Ono cine 6 colo ubsd.od HOS LOG) | Tea oucusis trrtptee tet kiana. 229

PROTA SWI. #352 55.2 anscticveceochens operon een 229) Tamiarletar ane, aetna a yy 232

Hottentots; tas. icy. tps Eee 106 Lasiochloan.castnsas. cee ere - 231, 232

Hiyparrbenial.,.j. stoner reine 2968 248 Weersiaucoscae nc eee oe tee ses 228, 275

ERG MEHED A SHAY conoocco ude PG) IbereabiaMIMO SIs Gay tna soo onenod 5, 41, 113, 187

(higmalo~Meels SUEVNo cag aconcoc.. Zoi “Weta Osials:-)-tvey ra ieeeeemets teed t cy c's suc irene 5)

GIAO ISO Gecoancosoancs AEM) CHEARE Wia cima 2.01018 Cotte nIatee 6 ota 10

56 dreseana, Stalplarectaete crests 249 CONGESHO AWAD. et ss ere 9

filipendula; Stapia.. ae. -teene 251 Ronehietiol, Dene (eos aan oh.as a0. 5)

glauical stent. eerie 250, 251 piriensis, Doi dge A AG Nico 78

Hirta, Stapler ere 249 Lem bosiodothis Seo MISC CER ORD IOChaeero ios -00 9

UNE HSUEH ig gb onGatGo bt An o0e ZAO) , eptocaryGiomeeen meric tier lene ener 233

RUpPrech tiny, HOU. lle aia 25) Vulpiastrum, Stapf......... 220

75 Tamiba, Anderss:...n¢3 eeimeeon —Wepturush. cece acc ee emer fel sts 229

INDEX 21]

PAGE PAGE

WeessenblamrenuitOle ers ra ccycusjau = « «lelsyeiaiciay<s-tees 30 Mesembryanthemum hicolorum, Thunb..... 149

ENC OPH Gy Semternter cis) ci2et)n)2 fersicjais\s eh ecueys (6) 014 227 55 brachiatum, Ait....... 152

ILO SS 6~'s Ae CEO TG Oo DIREC ERIC 234, 303 bracteatum, Ait.... 149, 162

5) OTTO RMN, Layte doo coco ceooceDe 303 33 brevifolium, Ait. 149, 150, 156

GTi aniby I basoed soedco es eemet es 303 Bs brevifolium, Haw...... 149

Pophacmie taptepiens cs .c:xoihelesieisie steve @ = sia 232, 292 A brevifolium, Salm Dyck 149

as digitata, Stapi..¢3...02-...-.- 292 s brevifolium, Sond..... 156

sy calamiforme, L........ 149

IMachiail octet tere) s:scslersierslayetere aiehae cuore wlepacs 93 as caleareum, Marle...... 163

MacOwantellassDoidcesseneeaee eee aceite. 9, 10 ae calycinum, Haw....... 156

J congesta (Wint.), Doidge... 9, 10 55 candens, Haw......... 156

myrsinicola, Doidge.. she 196 DH canimum, Lam........ 167

Maerua edunenlosayr. jee ciel cles sass 204 % capense, Houtt........ 168

Marattiaielnaxim Caccnits cieliaivie cicee smesia ee 219 capillare, Linn. f... 149, 150

Mibomiyanemncincisy..ijeicisicis cee ce sacle eee 89 2 capillare, Thumb... 149, 156

INKS EN TORE « < Soa CARCI te ORIEN CRON Rte nea 179 Bh ciliatum, Ait. Thunb... 151

Melanthusmmluinne yee peseriastrs crac ce ols Siri, bats} - clavatum, Haw....... 157

Ss TARITGM Soo dod cieoes coonou cod tee 58 a clavatum, Jacq........ 164

3 PUA OD soho cycyaveuerchereiei a esseccoans mio 28 5 coccineum, Haw....... 149

F willosusseBolussAsemen eee a 58 a collinum, Sond........ 158

Melicameerprrr arctic iieisiccieg cisterns sacineaa:s 233 copticum, Jacq........ 146

WIGNER Ac, COHDOCOCDISE OR Oa 224, 228, 257 5 copticum, Linn........ 159

EMTOINIMbINOLA a,c cc eeiceee es sens 257 ey corallinum, Thunb..... 151

53 minutiflora, var. pilosa............ 257 op cordifolium, Linn. f.

tenuinervis, Stapf........ sooneses 257 WMT coedoccooans 152

Meliola J BCC GODS CEI CEI OIE nO Eee ine areca 209, 215 i crassifolium, Linn.. 154, 158

34 amMphitrichasereretpictchrrcieescrsic a 73 78 5 crassifolium, Thunb... 152

% capensis (K. and Cke.), Th....... Tu, GY Pe criniflorum, Linn, f.

55 CHEESES, IDC sa nocaogboadocue 2, SR hones eal oll on

aa cComataWOldse yar ie 208, 215 op crystallinum, Linn.

os dracoenicola, Pat. and Har....... 72, 82 AU ooadhoooooDE 152

6 PBI ANSI Ue ete che rreneesiaVepee ess essveceioree eres 208 5 crystallophanes, “Kckl

Pcemellipodas Dold Serer einer 80 Mis] AS~ococnodob004 145

Py alophrapmianeemere eee nie 212 a cymbiforme, Haw.... 162

‘ Knowltoniae, Doidge............. 208 Pe decussatum, Thunb. 152, 153

Bs macowaniana, Thum.............. 212 ~ debileseHawarercneee 152

33 OBCar, Weitleeccccasanocconausc Uy defoliatum, Haw..... 164

oD IRanicie Marlevcscicderiee net ae ee ies 74, 82 5 deltoides, Linn.Thunb. 153

Toddaliae, Doidge..............-. 80, 209 5) denticulatum, Haw... 153

Meliolina SOOO EPIC aT Re (FORSTER i oC 209, 210 5 difforme, Linn....... 153

Mesembryanthemum.......... Sty ee}, Tl, 1a ¥55 55 difforme, Thunb...... 153

op Genera Aloe and, in 35 digitatum, Ait....... 153

Thunbergs Herbarium 139 e digitiforme, Thunb... 153

5p acinaciforme, Linn 145, 156 5 dissimile, N. E. Br.... 157

a5 aculeatum, N. E. Br._. 163 33 dolabriforme, Linn. . 153

rp Aitonis, Jacq. 145, 146, 160 A echinatum, Ait.. 161

my albidum, Linn. Thunb. 145 a Fcklonis, Salm Dyck. 167

vs anatomicum, Haw..... 154 Bs edule, Taina’ Thunb.. 154

rs angulatum, Thunh... 145, 160 2 elongatum, Kckl. and

os angulatum, var. gra- MENWooonoooegonooGbe 160

OIE, SOrGlsaccsoudaes 146 ee emarcidum, Thunb... 154

7 angulatum, var. ova- a emarginatum, Linn.

OKI, SOLC| oosoosn Gace 160 Dhunbivetdcissrccmicecc 154

a apetalum, Linn. f... 145, 159 as erectum, Haw........ 155

“5 apetalum, Thunb...... 146 - erigeriflorum, Jacq. 149, 150

5 arboriforme, Burch... 166 i exiguum, N. EH. Br.... 153

=p) articulatum, Thunb.... Fs expansum, D.C...... 157

| 144, 146, 147, 162 os expansum, Linn... tee 157

H 96 auratum, Sond........ 148 me expansum, Thunb.. 154

2 aureum, Linn......... 148 ae expersum, N. E. Bee 158

“F aureum, Thunb....... 148 3 faleatum, Linn....... 164

np barbatum, Berger..... 148 3 faleatum, Thunb..... 154

' 2» barbatum, Haw....... 148 - fasciculatum, Thunb. 154,165

sO: barbatum, Linn....... 148 53 fastigiatum, Haw..... 155

barbatum, Thunb..... | 148 95 fastigiatum, Thunb.. 155

nee bellidiflorum, Thunb... 148 Se felinum) Hles. esc <i 161

i Dicolonsemasene econ 149 53 filicaule, Haw...... So LGR

312

Mesembryanthemum filiforme, Thunb....:.

INDEX

PAGE PAGE

155 Mesembryanthemum spathulatum, Thunb.. 162

floribundum, Haw... . 156 5 spathulatum, Willd. 152, 162

forficatum, Thunb. 145, 156 A spathulifolium, Berger 162

geniculiflorum, Linn. Pe spectabile, Haw...... 167

MnO coooocaa0 153, 156 * spinosum, Linn.... 163, 164

glaucum, Linn. he spinosum, Thunb..... 163

MAUI, oooooodo6 156, 167 . splendens, Linn.

glomeratum, Salm Dyck 164 ANNE. 5c ¢aos0phec 163

sracile; Haw..-..-0-. | LO 3 stelligerum, Haw..... 148

eramineum, Haw..... 157 a stipulaceum, Linn.... 164

eranulicaule, Haw.... 147 “3 stipulaceum, Thunb. . 164

Hackelianum, Berger. 160 * stratum, N. HE. Br.... 166

hispidum, Linn....... 157 an subglobosum, Haw.... 149

hispidum, Thunb..... 156 os subincanum, Haw.... 164

itonsum, Haw........ 148 ss tenuifolium, Linn.. 162, 164

junceum, Haw........ 148 tenuifolium, Thunb... 164

lacerum, Haw........ 154 es testiculate, Ait.,

laeve, Thunb......... 157 Mirus eee ele «cre 164

lanceum, Thunb... 157, 159 . tetragonum, Moench. . 165

lateriflorum, D.C..... 149 ns tetragonum, Thunb. 154, 164

limpidum, Ait........ 152 55 thunbergii, Haw...... 157

lineare, Thunb....... 157 ne tortuosum, Linn.

linguaeforme, Thunb.. 157 Maumee gees ce 165

linguiforme, Linn..... 157 es trichotomum, Thunb.. 165

longum, Haw........ 157 tHCOLOr SIMS... eee es 157

forénm) auinns.) eee 158 1) tricolor, Willd..... 164, iss

loreum, Thunb....... 158 = tripolium, Linn.... 154, 165

micans, Linn. Thunb. 156, 158 6 tripolium, Thunb.. 157, 165

moniliforme, Thunb. . 158 ss truncatum, Thunb 165, 166

murinum, Haw....... 161 es tuberosum, Linn..... 166

mustellinum, Haw.... 161 is tuberosum, Thunb.... 166

mutabile, Haw....... 149 3 umbellatum, Linn... . 167

namaquense, Sond.... 153 3 uncinatum, Linn.,

noctiflorum, Linn. Porumibee see ee ee 167

JUNI, Godaccoe 158, 167 a uncinellum, Haw..... 167

nodiflorum, Linn. a Vartamss Wlawe esis: 157

IDI .60000000000 159 Fy verruculatum, JLinn.. 167

ovatum, Thunb 157, 159, 160 - verruculatum, Thunb. 167

papuliferum, D.C..... 155 Ps veruculoides, Sond... . 167

papulosum, Linn. f. 146, 160 - villosum, Linn....... 167

parviflorum, Jacq.... 166 es violaceum, D.'C...... 164

pinnatifidum, Lin. f. WFO MROCMOD, cones os caccmoouesooe 229, 230, 287

AMIN 55 coo0Gboa00 160 - altera, Stapf, var., Nelsonii,

pinnatum, Thunb..... 161 Staptnee emetic errs 288

plenifoliam, N. E. Br. 155 35 Cattran INGCSHERMEE. cece cso tes 288

polyanthon, Haw..... 164 A Setacean Wess Biers shes «ciate 288

polyanthon, Salm Microcyclus osyridis, Sacc................ 18

ID Gis coeaoe sonoloc 164 Microcyclus tassianus, Syd................ 18

pomeridianum, Linn. Micropeltis Marattiae, P. Henn............ 219

TWD scoon000% WsP2, GIL — Winlkewate, CRATOASISS oom oon opooenooGDoOKG00E 210

praecultum, N. E. Br. 156 Millet—

productum, Haw..... 164 Lolo ArT ncn Scho CIA MAING ISIDIEOL.S 60:00 258

pruinosum, Thunb.... 161 IEG) KECCCClapsooocdougoooaDoScoD ONGC 262

pugioniforme, Houtt 152, 161 [ewidlood oy SoiorogecbondceoDbu OOS A0o~ 274

pugioniforme, Linn... 161 SOUiIN AVGEAD noon obegdoooova9000000 273

pugioniforme, Thunb. 161 Mimusops obovata.............-....+...- 80

pyropaeum, Haw.. 152, 157 Miscanthidium....................-... 224, 235

reptans, Ait......... 152 s junceum, Stapf............ 236

ringens, Thunb....... UGS Monocyanibrunaseeterterereteterettete Tey) Di, Yas

roseum, Willd........ 156 = cerisiiforme, Stapf.......... 252

rostratum, Linn... 153, 161 Montaganella maxima, Mass.............. 20

sabulosum, Thunb.... 161 a peglerae, Pole Hvans........ 20

scabrum, Linn....... 162 Moopa-Koma..............-.++-2sss ees 86

secundum, Thunb. W475 162) Morelle. seater cients clelerrels leis = (le loleleree 93

serratum, Linn....... 1162) \ Morenoellatmmariente cites eiore rs rartetistetel 206

serratum, Thunb..... 162 55 Phillipsu, Doidge.........--.-- 205

sessile, Thunb..,.. NSO G25 Mosdoniayacsetereireteiierniate 170, 223, 229, 256

INDEX 313

PAGE - PAGE

Mosdenia waterbergensis, Stent......... W7OW256 BOryzaisativealy Wasi, ares is sfs1sioxeroi aus + sfekecete 275

IMGROkOneprer se , seiticiins, clutch © ser eee 2 OM ETRA OT VZOPSIS seem ros erepiaus) oreieray dc beanoraberns. 3 ere 229, 278

Mv rica sp ftersicieis ctacietdd -kdevoro Mets: =, Susi s,5 PO Te Sprint NoHo sh stelcl'simcskatare cele! eters 278

Myrsine melanophleos Revels cole 6 AE ZOO G QT BOS Oras cr.-, eaeyetersetene c tesexeves o euscaehelsisceverevepers 299

Miva troxay lowing 12.1 oye) vied stale oaehelere oe ene) -3 2.0 Seem OSy ris KCOMpressaeeee ere tetera 18

OxyanthusGerrandiger eile leleeteicie- oles 201

Natal Buttelsworas:-- pen. aeriater 3 eee 272

Natal Red ebop «).)5,.,5<ulsamiecticisaciel: ¢ ei éuies 271 Palawaniella Dovyalidis, Doidge.......... 198

Natal Species of the Sapindaceae......... 57 55 eucleae, Doidge.3..-......... 16

Natalia lucens, Hary. and Sond........... 645% FPamicumins7 ace crac erin eo eer eeu eee 228, 263

5 Ba coocoabooobondnsuscadopanaac 68

fe ALWONCA sep anu Pee ae ies ere ta 8, 88, 89, 90, 92 o Gnnechung NCGS ers oo) eeiaee eels 263

5 atropurpurea, D. C.... 87, 88, 89, 90, 94 Ba brizanthum, Hochsts-.sceeeeeeact 262

5 atropurpurea, var. angustifolia, 3 Coloyeyrrii, Wisin, > coacococcca 222, 265

ID AGT Oa hoe Mee ee eect o che a Cree 95 % denstumy Ebuyer lacie cetera 264

=e atropurpurea, var. natalita.... 87, 88, 94 re dregeanum, Nees...--..1.+.--.--- 265

# Chilversi, hillps:cnesces-d-- «9. 88, 90 53 ING doth INGsooouadaesadeanecoT 265

me mlolstiy Hine. 2 ait ss ceri 88, 89, 90, 93 % helopus var. glabrescens, K.Schum 261

a leptoclada, “Alivit...2.222..+. 88, 90, 94 a LLovubii Staples eect 263

natalita, Engl. and Gilg... 88. 89, 90, 93 53 Tsachniep Rothe s..42eaees ct eeetyoe: 262

5 O’Connorii, Phillips....... 88, 89, 90, 92 ms laevitoliumiaphiack=err tree 222, 264

Pe DLetouiensis Ebillipserrertat-i ir 90, 95 5 longijubatum, Stapf...........2. 265

PE pUlchraas Hoo keeet eraser 87, 90, 91 S Wieitontioy VUEVAK. So oeecosccaoccc 263

@coteanbullatanncicoeed re ere eee 17, 205 55 maximum, Jacq.... 62, 66, 68, 222, 264

Old VlandBorass ects sidered er 290 55 mihaceumme is. Myataevsilesss sols aye 265

Olea capensis bs oypseas ns metaeatewetencurene 7, ll, 20, 22 Palit . WOME, MUN DIggepacuecsscoduac 221, 265

Fp GEAR VSR emodood oot bcc pad MOeooe 11 Fe minus Stapf. var. planifolium

i ARV TOES ORO AIA GOO AG Cah ED 27 Stapisndnceszebystieniie idee 265

a lauTito la secs tied eet verona: = Il, 92, '783 5 natalensis; Hochstieas-n-25 + eee 222, 265

a ee oan oo odo t te Once 5.0 amr 74 5 nigropedatum, Munro..........-- 262

- lesa Senos ooo boca booed dl oP OEomee 211 3 MOVEMIMELVC wis bal. oejs)-tl-1etiettal-i-te 265

ES V.ELTUC OSAepiradiciaxcsevols Gude eaoeeels 10, 13. 195 5 OlMsOMAINS, SWAIN ocoaccsoobeseg00 265

NAO UET IRIS Oi <dinteo OlOrC.d Ooh OTe 11, 20 op proliferum var. longiyubatum, Stapf 265

Oleaceae ? pgnooOSO WOO BP ODOBe abo Nc Gon UOOOe 74 xD proliferum var. paludosum, Stapf. 265

Oligostroma maculiformis (Wint), Doidge.. 31 SORROW THORNE. bo ccoacconcouds 262

35 LOLEAE A SV Ge -eyeyistel vars) etre ey= 31 Panicum SAPO Py IBCRe ogee = se uecccgoe 263

(hie ne a oe OA IO Gen CERES cron Sr Torre 97 inichopus;, NHoehstia4 -1-1-oehe 5-1 261

5.) Lad tivo Cit eigposepatae oc oo oo noCeEnr Of eRapilionaceae:h..)ppys-eiu- OUR ee 40

. Honmmarmnimn, ioiweos Or, Gt MOOS Ope Oe Reve maeeeeecoonacsonocso sae nodeousoeoK 262

5 COMO cocconaccsonc 97, 98, 99, 100, 104 Parasterina brachystoma (Rehm.), Th., var.

> cymosa var. acuminata....... 97, 100, 102 Wktikossaedagoaanodutqoscubcecusbc5 201

cymosa var. intermedia............ 97 ~—‘Parasterina) laxa, Doidse.s. 3.2 2)-0-45-- - 201

» Gymosa var. latifolia... 2-1. -.2- > 97 aS reticulata, Doidge............ 200

Be Graiiouenalakles Beto OD OnE OC OE OO Deo 97 Parastigmatea, Doidge.....2..-..-...-..- 22

» vadiata, Phill. and Hofmeyr 97, 98, nerviseta, Doidse: crass). 22

100, 102, 103, 104 Parenglerula macowaniana (Thum.), v. Hohn 212

cs ternatast Giloe.s: Wvwaeiiavele cia steds 97 Parinariumn CHVAIGe concooanogcecegedaas 26, 27

&.) usamibarensis aca tec, aterachevebeas, « scccsieise 7 Pavetenehrnen mY |AG>ccsocacoasners7a5006 26

OlWigk SapMaeo CONG on oe 56 Cabo non nmeneee 235 Parodiella schimperi, P. Henn............. 65

Onicoba; Kraussiananep reer ade sie eer BOE LEARNT on pcoonnocaogannxCocaetajouc 226, 258

Ophrodothis edaa accuses ee see 32 Ps CHIC, WOES a Saanagsncann cous 258

Ophiodothella edax (B. and Br.), V. Hohn 32 ss dilatatum sy Routscaetlaatelststteletleie 258

Oplismenus): eerie chee meee Led QL i distiehtimy, seins cea lelelele eletele 258

A abr Canus.\.\saepyaeceer ence ae 272 35 SCTOULCULOLUIN ae eines 220

#5 africanus, Beauy., var. simplex, . scrobiculatum, L., var. Commer-

Stalin. -ersctatelst-cios 272 SONTINS Fane termitette | tat etetters 258

A hinbelliss PB eativere sees oe 272 Pear—

Oro pe tiumenpeerrircion cts jac cama cer 229, 303 AVOCA npn tetolsterkorekstarctektetteversiele/-/e1- 179, 180

Oropetium capense, Stapf................ 303 coffee, (Pleuxostiylig)iirtjleiel-- cr «le 1-161 34

Onthodanumpee peor bared ts: 114, 117 ey) O32 BBR E EER CCR DS ORI OOn Do Dcrie 88, 93

a argenteum, i. Mey........-.. 3. . ERearl! Milletsascoiuw oewaieey ainebisiswyererevernte 274

= glabratum, Meisner........... 133 Peltophorum africanum.........../...... 29

53 latifolium, FE. Mey........... Som eenhalon gar orass scien cietalstciteie reli l= 262

5 Miihlenbeckiiaeeterters 022 <a ate ipo mbennisetunlee- ee eeeaeriee EMSS EA ae 227, 273

Pe sordidum, Ei. Mey.. a 133 33 benthamy.. 5... 6 20. A of ORC 68

LOWY a tion & Dine MOTO CO Cn toe cone "228, 274. ri cenchroides, Rich.......... 222, 274

j14 INDEX

“ PAGE PAGE

Penisetum macrourum, Trin............. 274 Phyllachora caffra, Syd.................. 27

ne oo | sphacelatuimbs uh ta.\.c ese mees 68 5 Chrysopogonis, Syd........... 219

m sphacelatum var. tenuifolium, a crotonicola, Rehm............ 67

Stapire. cesses satsesse ae 274 crotonis, (Cke.), Sacc......... 67

“ spicatum, R. and 8.......... 274 = cynodontis (Sace.), Niessl..... 67

39 Thunbergii, Kunth........... 274. 5 dalbergiicola, P. Henn......... 25

3 Thunbergii, var. Galpinii, Stapf 274 = IDTENEGS Shiels sooccopecance 220

LYPROUEWN neler ene 274 5 Doidgeae ms Sivdeseeerrr ere 220

Rentamerissnnccicscn meee 231 5 Glomlacyee, S\Glocaccssavccadc 28

Pentaschistis. 5.22% 2% sss tiers dee sete 231 s IDVAVASTY TShClconccc05 cougun ac 67

Perrenmial mye grass... .2-..--455 4.4006 -- 303 £0 ficuwm, Niessl;.---.........- 24

Perischizon oleifolium (Kalch. and Cke.), 55 graminis, var. Cynodontis Sace. 67

SyGiexas ns ens donde ee cee eels tss 22 as grammica, P. Henn........... 26

Perisporiales|i../\-ticane ones ee eis 212 x heterospora, P. Henn......... 68

Perisporium..;.25 2.2.20 welene tee eee 209, 210 3 hieronymi, P. Henn.......... 28

Perisporium irenicolum, Doidge........... 209 s Julocrotonis, Bres............ 67

S NII ooiodanbeoooacous 209, 210 0 Leptocarydii, Syd............ 220

IPerotis..ciscnacn wasn ee Bee Pee 229, 256 i Lessertiae, Doidge............ 30

iRerotis latifoliayeAitaeemare cre ciiaeie: 256 5 lucens. (Cke.), Sacc........... 68

RerseayAmericanac-nreeriere ie erin 179, 180 a melianthi (Thuem.), Sacc..... 28

Phaeochorella parinarii (P. Henn.), Theiss. x myrsinicola, Doidge.......... 81

Chic Utsh<s MMe CoO noe aonAaauicedcooe 26 i Osyridis,, CKepn eee eiea see 18

iPhaeodimeriellacnsa-eecieeiee eae oe 210 5 PeltophoriySydey. eee cee: = - 29

Phaeodimeriella asterinicola, Doidge........ 210 ss Rennisetiy SyGeeeereencee tre 68

sf capensis, Doidge.......... 210 5 Pterocarpi, Syd. eee: 25

2 plumbea, Doidge.......... 211 5 sanguinolenta, Th. and Syd.,

Phaeodothis stenostoma (Ell. and Tr.), var. microspora............ 221

TheisswandusSy dunn aero. 66 Be schweinfurthii, P. Henn. var.

Phaeodothis Tristachyae, Syd............. 67 nervisequens, Lingelsh........ 24

Phaeostigme circumsedens, Doidge........ 210 5 stenostoma, Ell. and Tracy..... 66

Phalariss eels sesaie cen sees MOT ee 233, 275 5 strelitziae, SacCe.. 1). see e eee 31

ee aLuUNGInaceaw linn see eerie 276 a Mecleae,, Doidge...35::..524--- 68

7 Canariensis; Miche eerie 276 3 Tricholaenae, P. Henn......... 69

An MINOT) MROCWLAG cichie 2 ose sie ie ice 276 rs viventis (Cke.), Sacc........... 27

paradoxa.lainntyree ieee 276 Winkler, Sydii-ee 0508. 220

Phillips, EK. P.— Phyllachorella rikatliensis, Doidge......... 30

The Genus Bersama................. 33 Phyllanthus amapodensis................. 98

A Revision of the South African Species Physalospora caffra, Syd.................. 27

OL Seshaniamrsfeeleieeelleeicieicrte 40 - Cyl, ncsvscccoodaudon 179, 182

The Natal Species of the Sapindaceae. 57 D Cynodontis ee ei 67

The Thorn Pears (Scolopia spp.)...... 83 5 dombeyae, Syd............... 28

he GenuseO@Ochnarmerm eter 87 IPCLSCAC tae seine ciaete tee oe 182

Species of Elephantorrhiza in the South Placoasterella rehmii (P. Henn.), Theiss. and

African Herbaria.................. 187 SiGlooonccoxrccnvco000cs0ge00 12

Phillips, E. P., and Joan Hofmeyr— Planes Cape sys. napcner tolerant acer 89, 93

iRhenGenuss Olinitaee eerie emir 97 Plectronia obovata...................-.-- 98

The Genus Cyclopia, Vent............ 105 Pleiostomella Halleriae, Doidge........... 17

JAWS cosocogcoakouoseononos00D00NDE 83 Pleurostylia (Coffee pear)................. 34

35 Heklonit; PAtaR ee eerie 86 A CHANT 6anods oo ocanbowssces 200

s Mandir Arneee eee nee 85 Poa. lyase aos aa aetna eae 234, 302

A ZEYRENU, PATI. ch siesey stele etelieeteirerts 85 Samu, Mas cnreenryeeiate tle eae einer 302

Phragmites saat tsk een iets PBB), 2B) TRORYAHOSWI so oo cod cooo pod coDoDnHUGDOMOODS 228

op communis, Trin.............. 295 Podocarpus elongata, Hk.............. 217, 218

Phragmocauma viventis (Cke.), Theiss. and op falcataeictee ecmiiceete ee 218

Sydiccis wees vane ctah eee 27 9 latifoliacs: cece so. 218

Phragmodothella nervisequens, Doidge.... 22m Pogonanthitianetrteiee ttt iterenereterie «1 231, 295

Phragmodothis asperata, Syd............. 23 falcata end irre 2. + seine 296

iIphragmos perm det tilde ret reeteir irra 219 Pollinia Coles, SVN. so550000ad0050006 236

D marattiae, (P. Henn.), Poly pogouk eee reenter ts) r tot 229

Theiss and Syd... 219 Polyrhizon bewsii, Doidge................ 1s

Phragmothyriella parenchymatica, Doidge . 206 # Celastri,, Dotdge.......:..02.-. 1¢

Phy lWachord)ries oi) aelele cle nmeiereres bis iahel seein 195 Polystomella caulicola, Doidge Sees Salis sneer

6 BDOLIAC -orefeseyer eteteelielsverelerelveNan eres 29 Polystomellaceaesiwe. ccs -ccle «= lee ileal

a albizziaepikev wun. enterieemnent 27 + Polystomellacearum................--- 9, 15, 16

re amaniensis, P. Henn.......... 29 Polytropia, Harvey and Sonder........ 114, 116

+ anthistiriicola, Syd........... 219 5) fer Ulaefolias see ets cs = 117

+ Brachystegiae, Doidge........ 221 5) pinnata, Eeklon. and Zeyher... 117

Rhynchosia [confusa, Burtt-Davy 115, 118,

INDEX

PAGE

Polytropia, wmbellata, Kcklon. and Zeyher. 117

ROMEO Hiei. ocododdodooocosdosooaueES 233, 274

- prehensilis, Benth........... 274

Prairies Grassi tats sen tele fetes coe esac s 302 53

IPrionachine mites cia cee cece See en eas 230 33

LENOUOD, Sas cog teen todos beep denauegod 32 00

5 Aly STUEN dodoosooncopedooodsueme 32 op

.. EECA EGR aG odes. daca om perotkclo 31 i

be gram@itlorayi7 ans es ite ei il, 7A Aa

neriifolia tase siege Bitters MIL Rue eee 31 5:

Peendoprorne Be ee ete Somat oeNeaa gts Ds 229, 278 He

eB Africanus; Stapler eae eer 279 as

PECHINI (HOTU eocesbaddoddesobooncaS aus 117 3

IESychotriameapensis:(.'j.\0 1s cies oie 76 D

Eterocanpussangolensiss- en iare ie - 25 =

- COTISCUS aie eee othe ie 70 3

Pterocelastrus Te ee SS Bict acini Ci ies 198 5

r. tricuspidatus. 198 *

Ptaeroxylon, E. and LC Ne i ee 57, 62 3

me oie, 105 Enel Assbooasccpeee 62, 98 4

LEAT GREE E aid o Gib O Bea CINE CIOUOrE 1b RE eee 114 eS

Putterlichia pyracantha................. 79, 200 cD

B WELLUCOSA aie rates hicks a niece 200 B

Pyrenacantha scandens................ 208, 215 es

(CHIE Pres cre 5 ot ROMER eater 6 ro: Go. Geos COR Rr MERE eae 98 ey

Rapanea melanophleos................... 81 3

iRealigredipearay prey ee cricketers sleroist ss 88, 93 3

Reed! (canary, Sassie seem lee = 276

vec tem Kaw ee ket erertcteisctis cpelt cis este cies iets 288 a

Rescue or prairie grass.................-. 302

Revision of South African Species of Sesbania 40 »

Rhipidodendrum distichum, Willd.......... 14] “5

Whodes"Grasseeecasts tie toe ee es 290 5

Rhoicissus) rhomboidea-pe44- eee 79

INMANG KOTO occooacts coodovagosunnudEca6 113, 138 5

Rhynchosia, Revision of South African

Speclessprmerer te cies ae eee sis 113 2

a SPDocooocogecsocescsvesgcoque 65 as

5 acuminata, Ecklon. and Zeyher 125 5

= adenodes, Ecklon. and Zeyher 3

Wa WS 12 285 137,

of adenodes, Ecklon. and Zeyher 55

var. Cooperi., Bak. fil 118, 128, 129 3

- adenodes, var. laxiflora....... 129 0

5 adenodes, Ecklon. and Zeyher, 33

Whe WONT onooocpaseokcus 121 Be

+5 albissima, Gandoger 114. 119, 127, 137

- amatymbica, EK. and Z........ 128 35

“5 ambacensis, K. Schum........ 134 A

E amboense, Schinz............ 132 +

bs angulosa, Schinz.......... 119, 136 3

20 alg US biLONaneneeeitereeeerttr: 113

. angustiflora sD Clee toe 116 -

” argentea, Harvey.......... 118, 126

of Bakeri, Schinz... -.2....- 119, 185 ? 3

of bullata, Benth........ 114, 119, 136 35

& Burkei, Burtt-Davy... 114, 118, 121 Fp

o caripacaneD) yi Chaasceceseee 118, 125

99 mp var. pictam......... 125 op

of “p var. Thorncroftil.... 125

3 chrysantha, Schlechter. 113, 118, 129

D chrysoscias, Benth..... sooco IU 1G es

=, cinnamomea, Schinz 113, 114, op

119, 132 -

cb clivorum, 8S. Moore.... 113, 119, 134 35

cE clivorum, var. longicalycina.... 138

122, 125

Congestitionaeee eee erence 113

COMME oonsaseocosco0b0GEs 115

Cooperi, Harvey............. 129

crassifolia, Benth..... 113, 118, 127

cyanosperma, Benth......... 114

cyanosperma, Benth....... 114, 115

densiflora!) DNC@ieehee sce. 115

Dieterlenae, Bak. fil....... 118, 125

elegans 2). 2 Be eee eine a: 65

elegantissima, Schinz.. 113, 119, 132

ferulaefolia, Benth........... 117

ficifolia~benthe eens 114, 138

flavissima, Hochst........... 124

Fleckii, Schinz....... 113, 118, 122

Galpin Bakes ssereeeree 119, 135

gibba, KE. Mey.......... 65, 118, 125

gibba var. pictum, Benth..... 125

giabray DC ae aes 5 aes 132

glabra, Ecklon. and Zeyher... 132

glandulosas Ds Cheesaeee 119, 132

glandulosa, Ecklon and Zeyher 132

graciliflora, Harms......... 114, 131

grandifolia, Steud............ 120

grandifolia, Walp............ 120

Harmsiana, Schlechter 113, 118, 123

Harmsiana, Sch., var. Bur-

chellii, Burtt-Davy...... 114, 124

Harmsiana, Sch., var. grandi-

ibe, IS tll cooposboaceau 118

Harmsiana, var. grandiflora... 124

BEING das copobccogeoode 118, 121

hirsuta, Ecklon. and Zeyher

113, 118, 125, 126

hirsuta var. angustifolia,

LEA Gyisnononboconoobee toe 126

Jacottetii, Schinz.......... 118, 123

komatiensis, Harms... 113, 119, 134

leucoscias, Benth............ 116

leucoscias, var. angustifolia,

Hairy Cy siercsree erro senatevex 116

longiflora, Schinz..... 113, 119, 131

longipes, Harms...... 113, 118, 127

eacrenooarel, ID Croccencooncoc0 137

memnonia, Harvey.... 114, 127, 137

memnonia, D.C., var. pros-

trata blanvieyeseryrereiiers 118, 127

microscias, Benth............ 116

maven, ID Croonaccoudooadc 114, 126

ULENE ul basmati iconn cose 118

monophylla, Schlechter 113,

114, 118, 120

monophylla, var. Eylesii, Bak.

fil

Sb Orolo OoAon to O06 oud. oe 120

namaensis, Schinz......... 113, 114

nervosa, Benth............ 118, 124

nervosa, Benth, var. pauciflora,

RETA VooccxccsoonnopooE 122, 125

nervosa, forma unifoliata, Bak

fe Ae a i oe 124

Mibensy bentheee eerie 119, 135

minh, IsbIMK 75 odonoousccd0e 138

Orthodanum, Benth.... 113, 119, 133

Orthodanum var. densiflora . 133

Orthodanum var. Muhlen-

beckii, Harvey............ 133

316 INDEX

PAGE PAGE

Rhynchosia ovata, Wood and Evans. 113, Schmidelia decipiens, Arn......:........+- 61

IIe}, 1233 3 OMAHA, WoO 5 55 sGasoaseuuae 59

= pauciflora, Bolus. 114, 115, s erosa, Arm. Sond.............- 60

119, 137 os melanocarpa, Arn.............. 60

“5 Realteam, Iie itll, oscoo0co0e 119, 137 53 monopryllan Eres) meee nee 59, 79

fe Pentheri, Schlechter 113, 118, 127, 128 5 WOHMADSOS, SON lo so aosc0gnc0s5> 57, 60

3 Pentheri var. Hutchinsoniana, 5 rehmanniana, Sayszy........... 61

Burtt-Davy and Bak. fil.. 128) Schmidtiannseeremecr eee 222, 232, 293

53 jplmnaba,s Hanvey-ereeeee ei ccce 117 ie lomlllo@sa, SHO coaosocoudaccese 293

3; puberula, Harvey......... INS; 130:- aS¢éhneepias..eicrereteredroee te ei unaer ale Faacre 6

a pycnantha, Harms........... 135 < brachylaenae; Rehm... ....-..406 6

zs quadrata, Harvey......... 118, 122 a5 radiata) Wold Generis -\eire: D

» Rehmanni, Schinz............- ISS ee Schotianspeciosanncase enone eee creer 65

3 remota,» Conraithty vata ole eC LELOP OAR E ere Ea ar ee ee eran enc: ete 234

59 reptabunda, N. E. BBs e 118, 123 Seolecodothis capensis, Doidge............ 27

3 meni, 1D), Obs anocce 113, 119, 133 Scolecopeltis Cassipoureae, Doidge......... 79

% riparia, Ecklon and Zeyher.. U32) Scolopia. sam scysrersvorcise eae enero een 83, 89, 93

* rotundifolia, Walp......... 117, 119 5 G[anscos ove s5ob00 0000 00Gb deON 77, 83

a5 ikneololln, lei, -Gocuocbone 119, 134 * Ecklonii,, Szyszy............. 83, 84, 86

Schlechteri, Balk. fil....... 119, 138 Pil Eeklonii, var. Gerrardii, Phillips... 86

3 secunda, Hiarvey.....:...-. ESSA A Heklonii, var. Engleri. Phillips... 84, 86

pe secunda (Thunberg).......... 118 - Engler siGile woe peers ew ete 83, 86

3 Serres, Clymeytl,oSaccascbodos 132 fries IMeiNeee ha, Sit, cooocanoaedoaed 83, 84

55 sigmodes, Benth..... 114, 118, 129 = Gernar dip airtel 83, 86

A simplicifolia, EH. Mey....... 117, 120 rf Wihwwavlin, WEN, cocoacces 83, 84, 85, 212

we spectabilis, Schinz.... 114, 119, 134 a3 Thorncroftu, Phillips............. 84.

_ StenndonssbalkaHileae ieee 127 oe NUH, VAAN ad 00025 00080C 77, 83, 84

Bs Stuhlmanni, Harms.......... ILS: \Seeailee:... 2.5. aioe tues mises benes tise 233

45 Hho, ID 6bs5 Wiles iWlee Ile, Sehimiais jc eee Ree Oe ere 225, 238

TSO SIE 323s Be Calpine Stenitemeee ee rnrar 239, 240

3 Totta var. brevipetiolata, Bakfil 131 4 DOME OMG POMOC eo DCO OTe Oe ong 239

rh Totta, var. Kenchelii, Schinz. 130. Sesbania-pekeyte nce aoe cl ito 40, 47

y Totta, var. graciliflora........ 131 Ns Revision of South African Species 40

- Totta, D.C., var. namaensis, 2 Cul Caaamlerserer cae ele 42, 48, 50.. 56

ISCIITIZAN Steacncuciecetselenctorene 130, 132 a BES Pblaca, | LOU cell late 4], 44, 45

s Totta, var. pilosa, Harvey.... 131 5 aegyptiaca, var. bicolor, Wight

. Totta, var. unifoliata, Burtt- Gi eAtrineswie es terepenewrtes «pk eers 41, 45

WENAYocanoedacconnncG0c0S 131 55 CAR aneHeDIS, lsbiHl4 Go o6acoao0cc cd 50

Bs trichodes, Harvey............ 138 5 CHS cooodseendnocasdgqcndonan 49

ol MHOCHPOM a oo gooco0eboe 114, 119, 136 SS Euilorca, IONE soa0cdoco0n00co0c 42, 51

of Mouton, IIEWAK 6 one a0ce- 113, 116 : atropurpurea, Taub.............. 45

- UMIUO WAGE 10 sccreeisthece ain ctor 114 Ps CACTIUIESCENS $4. seers deo ccas ope othe 41, 46

a venulosus, K.Schum 114, 119, x cinerascens, Welw.............. 41, 47

4 125, 132 = Dalzielii, Phillips and Hutch.... 41, 49

‘3 viscidula, Steud.. 114, 119, 137, 138 33 Dummeri, Phill. and Hutch..... 41, 45

Woodii, Schinz....... 113, 119, 136 a Coetzee Llanm Sra ceenrnrderereien 42

Rhytisma melianthi (Thuem.), Sacc........ 283° 3 cexrpyoouiiione), Ios ocoaoocynenocD} 41, 46

3 (TORU, ONBo6 00500000000 7 Bs hamata, Phill. and Hutch... 42, 54, 55

RIMOLCANALGESIACH OLS Hee einen neennn rena 80 se Hildebramiin, Taub.............. 43

Inieiliel, Comins, Werle 556 c000ce2a900006 211 ' EL ockiiz® Sail deter eye iiek rete 46

ROO dEbOS} 6s, sieve sys ayaye & Se tiecd eked bse ats 98 nn Kirkii, Phill. and Hutch.... 42, 54, 55

LEO MMU COO SO OCA ce cy cc.0.0 ono DOuU.C 254 - lkeyanioreeeo, 1D), Coonocosscovaaove 41, 50

TROON, :3h:) seaeieueiaye¥ou stearate tomoueenevee ore 89, 93 A macowaniana, Schinz............ 52

RMOOL -Vizerh Ouibscdarisieiex oxey-sepebess Creese eee oie: 89, 93 r reneenenmloel, WWE 555 occ oe oonooe 41, 47

Rosenscheldia horridula, Doidge........... 20 . Microp Myla wislamMOASsamelelee. «= 42, 52

tottboellia compressa, var. fasciculata Hack 241 5 mossambicensis, Klotzsch........ 42, 52

IRS ASE, IROOM Gn ogocapomsaecoounDeE 303 = pachycanpa WHC ricer. - «1 42, 50

35 phaerocarpus, Hiern............. 50

SECO HkaoeapEeMoG es oOboeacunosoqoon Le, Bs) ms jwiiestcem, ID), Ceroosoosaoox6 tells 48, 49

Sand! quick ajeic Saracen. Skea 294 punctata, D.C.......... 41, 43, 44, 46

Sapindaceae, The Natal Species of........ By ee PUNCLGIC EMIT... . eens oem 47, 50

Sapinedling, Winn... 2.5. ameateseieteete NT (he nA Rogersii, Phill. and Hutch...... 42, 55

aa CholkoreverniolhEs Sor oe pear po oune 62 a RCC ROC ROL Io oO cae CO Ge cho 49

Sehismius 44s no ahah com naticadberlo coe 232 a Rypcoore, “hiblloschsontecoc ougquood 41, 43

Sebi zach rium yeradiencvsisip ccenslsraletrerseneys +k 225, 245 5 SPU aerOCa py okni treatm trait 42, 51

semiberbe, Nees.........-.- 246 5s sphaerosperma, Welw........-.-- 51

ernie africana, D. C. Hary. and Sond. 60 Bp tetraptera, Hochst....... 42, 53, 54, 55

INDEX 317

PAGE PAGE

Sesbania Wildemannii, Phill. and Hutch.. 41, 49 Sweet vernal grass...................-++5 276

ELA GMMR sche, +c. serene bier Die ih2

as amen, ANG aoOMMaMaoscotncosad anos G7, Bis) bansloopats) APES ooginassosadoacadoencs 24, Mil

~ HCG SMERiino. Gacadacouonoeoo Dio y Muauveslrnererin aes yeeces er etere ation oun av secaciacs eevee 51

- (Ceili, SUD ios deanaccocjcbeeone 273 = Tea—

- IVoIS tie Stapl.is.).cmecrscts lesser nl 273 BUSH is 2.0 et oak tien eo eto et 105

oe THAT SIMON, AR EBM! onoovs onesowaoe 273 GMINA INI Ns doc coccdoucoenssucesbe 106

Ree HucNnGh,, Leh hrepnposeemeot ooMo oon 273 eideliberoteee rare eta eee 106

- lmdenbergiana, Stapf............. 272 EWU orn hbigicie a cc'e: roid o SiG Oe aeMeee 106

A nigrirostris, Dur. and Schinz 67, 222, 272 WOME itesirerscrs ers ose eat reckepeten ia cae rites 105, 106

- Nes, IEOKoooosceaboocosnouse 273 Hg btento ts: ee acye eine tattkee Gree wren 106

6 Sullcsia, IRGCIES Soqccoboude 67, 222, 22, SUDAN Pe hise eran coder roc ae enae me ais 106

VELMellabas yb eallveeiiecieienie cen 273 VILL ae eee Aa er C RA. SRR TET oe 105

Seynesia Glagintiiiy, TN Slooncsooacesobc ese LO Lecleammatalensistermerr reise ere 68

SHG O MV UME siete ei coos: cop ieee Severo vsuetvers es SSPr a Pet scare ert Gee ee pete) Lee ere ea arate 301

Sigmodostyles villosa, Benth............... 129 Telimena Arundinariae, Doidge........... 69

SGiNGs,, SacccgO hae aoe ame ome acm aa. 261 3 corticicolas Doidgenne-nee- ene nace 70

SIEEZ WOO eet eters vis a: eve fngsesrs a empebacevenegs ces Cf} ejay Glomeghinncoooconesnuncecoococo- 32

a IRS CAT'S <veseyareuereeyat seh epee sharers 34 SUDOLOSaa acta ye oe eek eee ee 32

StOREINWNDS | o ogc osbabeoemeHOonaengeo JOD 225, 243 Teratosphaeria fibrillosa, Syd............. 71

os CUNacunm, INO, Yeconscenscacce Ai eM esbia Chinn G2 he gat atten stn lens: ers pakswaroncuce egress Spee 231

é, nalepensesm Neeser ere eiiaacr ONG AUSTEN ES can oooog Feb Ce Onn BoD oO ODOnuS 55

0 micratherum, Stapf............- Zao eh GISSCN Ul ase sere ccncyeiscs sie isoe Oleoeae 212

versicolor, Stapf soroscncodooneuS 243 6 Woodiana, Doidge............ 212

South African Millet Graissseeyerveys. noise Dios cL NOMEM Als seraysyot staves 212 5/512 61S Novengebsroieineee ae 225, 254.

Spactinaseerrrrer tees riiarscc 230 a thHanagnosehoTskse eect 222, 254

SEEN? GUNEScog oncooccoacponcusapegooasns 253 oe triandra, Forsk, var. Burchellii. . 254

Sphaeria examinans, Mont. and Berk...... 21 3 triandra, Forsk., var. glauca..... 254

Sporbolusteeremreroeeecctiecs inci) iar 228, 279 > triandra, Forsk., var. hispida . . 254

Re Comins, INGE cossodenueaso 279 triandra, var. punctata IbAodbOO00 254

59 discosporus) Nees... 2... -1-0--- 279 Thorn Pears, The (Scolopia spp.)......... 83

55 festivus, Hochst., var. fibrous, Moddalaplanceolatasnee mercer anetE 209

SiM|Sioc cocpsdooo soaCenOerrdoM 279 s matalensis: inter eee eiion: 79

3 festivus, var. stuppeus, Stapf... 279 Trabutia evansii, Theiss. and Syd......... 24

as ‘ihaaloyrene, INGaeGo0ob0d00KC 279, 281 35 ficuum (Neissl.), Theiss. and Syd 24

55 fimbriatus, Nees., var. latifolia... 279 * nervisequens (Lingelsh), Theiss.

indicus, R. Br., var. laxus, Stapf 222, 281 anil Bixtlngonbeeadoppuveunocdes 24

7) Ludwigi, Hochst...........: 222, 279 nervisequens, var. robusta....... 25

me MM MOMs oagoocooaedaaue Pl, PA) EKO MANSON oo bbocoondccoddocod0GEdC 224, 241

55 pectinatus, Hack............... 281 s MMOS, INGE oods00sdc00nod06 242

5 pyramidalis, Beauv............. 281 e polymorphus,var. capensis, Hack. 242

ne Rehmannimtlackerreryer veer 2S Umer Dyed OUTS ts faa) ccs as. s/c) svatetets mete ra ete veveierapeseerorsti re 255

me TODUSHUss cuter ee eee ier 281 _ KoeleriodesseAschersieseerecieiecre cee 255

a Smutsii, Stent...... 223, 280, 281, 283 ss TACETOOSUS Sar All eyeeeeas rere ieee 255

5 Gemelbus'is:3(citreseretinresisvee cree e tisyet 22 PIC Neliag eM CuIGA\-liele eteieiss sekeereteineleioe 7

Steelsoraswe-ercrr a ciacierieerrier circ: 253 ‘Trichocladus ellipticus............... 15, 78, 79

Stenotaphnomrepee cere ricer tree 2 OME CHOGY.CLUS Net H et tee meieietller tacit 151

Stent, Sydney M— a Gen, ING 1B BR acaccseccc0 151

South African Graminae— Mri cholaen ar cepts ierserte cen rer tee scenes 228, 269

A New Genus and Seven New Be glabra Sta piacere 271

SITIES cacoo0cssococusccocoNS 170 = TOSCA NCES «aca, ecees ersuetecs eee ee 271

Graminae of the Transvaal....... 222 rh SEUHbOIOL, ISHPVDEscanaoonanoooouT 271

Key to the South African Genera 224 Trichopeltaceae....................+..... 79

Stephania hernandifolia.................. 22 ‘Trichopeltula carissae, Doidge............ 78

SUMMIT conopecoocdouococcaecoocauete 232, 301 kentaniensis, Doidge SooGaGcr 79

Se alopecurioides, Stapf............. 301 Trichothyrium dubiosum-= eee eee eee 216

Stromateaee certs ein - (lr teaer seer teletels =< 22 a elegans, Doidge............ 213

os Rhynchosiae, Kalch. and Cke... 65 3 robustum, Doidge.......... 215

Stigmateacearum........................ 22) IMEC NEIPS copnasoogooacousHecuDDCgeC 231, 287

SIMU GES 5 coogcdoooccagoneadooCudouOHe 300 % Gos Maococonpoctosocacedaacc 287

SUC cooD ObOE 66.06 COCO SOUOORDOON So CODES 229 a HERA HIS IER ocd ono oDUnOBNC 287

» dregeana, var. elongata............. 74 is SimploxsmyElac Keetermetererstclere etter 287

Strelitziaman Oe UStamaerttttettttr sty )e/e )-)o\ei-1 2. 31 eS simplex, Hack., var. crinita,

SLLEpLOcarpUS MINE xem ietecieyis)s1- </e.-/< + 203, 216 Stapioemenereceetrtereri serie ies 287

Slit IDA Rea Ole b:6.00.6000 000 C SRCR EES 264 - simplex, Hack., var. Sericea,

Sumer Magoo dancguce co CHC SERRE ee oene 106 Staplerere eae cyccars saws 287

Systremma Pterocarpi, Doidge............ TO “Wah occasvoodonn 0Ae asoouamoDONede 230, 291

318 INDEX

PAGE PAGE

Tripogon abyssinicus, Nees............... 291 Urochloa helopus, Stapf.................. 261

Tripospora Cookei, (Cke.), Sacc........... 216 5 pullulans, Stapf., var. mossambi-

5 tripos (Cke.), Lind.......... 216, 217 Censisy Staple cpr nee. cet 261

Priraphis jcc weer re Maelo re ers 233, 294 ss trichopus, Staples eee 261

ae Rehmannieeblack==reerea eee oes 294 VASMA GS Pia letagetois.c/scoleteooiensl See ores cake 65

% Schlechteriyebilpe aioe iirc 294) Wareilia (capensis yerrisels eyestrain 98

Trt SO CUM + sjayersrersteersie vee sis otece evs enous (eusyene ereietens 234 \Vascum!nervosumben. sce denice ssc 8

UBARUVOIN Eo occoacabagoouodsoosago0ndcK0 Dole DBO: Wiles aaa &cicicks ececsceleccie oe OI IE soo ere 105

5 bisenata, Stapf ----m- see ser 28500 DIMI al se eietererops soi ckwele Rte ee teen hokcLcieere 234

3 leucothyrx. Orin reece 67, 287

‘a pallid asm Stemteer eee i 985, 286 Water kweek.....................-....-. 275

S pedicellata, Stent............ 178, 287 Warmbaths OTASS feleset oe cen eR pes ere 262

% Rehmanni, Nees............ 178, 285 ‘Wildebeeste grasiie cic s acrrneler ies isan 242

MOTE OLAS ecielteieroi etalon etiel ol sake rooney: 238 sb

Turpentine grass.......0..00.ce0sseseeee 248 aes Langit Bee ans” seem

Wmbomyanelumncincesssese seer 88 » MONOSPOTA. oe ee eee ee ee ee 79, 206

Wampanzi a asecicrec cee err 9g Xyochlaena sp.....-..-..-.-.++. +. eee 228, 271

Winpanzites es eee errr ert 98 ” monachne, Stapf.............. 271

Umitisa) ‘histenanascceiemancce oe sone 79 keh;

Un Ushaba a. ee ee pei Vonkshine Hoes sy eccerncmnass shi a

Urelytrumenost rice met eter GN OAS, PRY) VTA, pcos oop anadgcceescGa00CCG0NDS 50

is Squanrosum ye ackerer erence DAN) Zadar ote arrestor 212

Wrochiaenast1hen 2 ye eerie eee 232 » parenchymatica, Doidge......... 206, 212

(Wrochloat mca C oe O Ret eee 227, 260 ah Woodiana, Doidge................. 212

50 bulbodes; Stapf. to. 2... sess... Bil VALUE FDDVooscoabosccococnsocbogooocKNGG0N 242