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Contributions

of the

American Entomological Institute,

Volume 19, 1982-1983

. Gupta, Virendra. A revision of the genus Delomerista

(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). 42 pp. Sept. 1, 1982.

. Gupta, Santosh. A revision of the genus Agonocryptus

(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). 45 pp. Sept. 1, 1982.

. Gupta, Santosh. A review of the genus Cryptohelco-

stizus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). 11 pp.

Sept. 1, 1982.

. Gupta, Virendra. A review of the genus Perithous

with descriptions of new taxa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumon-

idae). 20 pages. Sept. 1, 1982.

. Gupta, Virendra. A study of the genus Hybomischos

(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). 5 pp. Sept. 1, 1982.

. Howden, Anne T. Revision of the New World genus

Hadromeropsis Pierce (Coleoptera, Curculionidae,

Series 93 180 pages. November 30, 1982.

. Gupta, Virendra. The ichneumonid parasites associ-

ated with the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). 186 pp.

February 22, 1983.

. Sabrosky, Curtis W. A synopsis of the world species

of Desmometopa Loew (Diptera, Milichiidae). 69 pp.

August 15, 1983.

Contributions

of the

American Entomological Institute

Vol. 19, Parts 1-5, 1982

Xe

1. Virendra Gupta. A revision of the genus Delomervista

(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). 42 pages.

2. Santosh Gupta. A revision of the genus Agonocryptus

(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). 45 pages.

3. Santosh Gupta. A review of the genus Cryptohelcostizus

(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). 11 pages.

4. Virendra Gupta. A review of the genus Perithous, with

descriptions of new taxa (Hym.: Ichneumonidae). 20 pages.

0. Virendra Gupta. A study of the genus Hybomischos

(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). 5 pages.

A REVISION OF THE GENUS DELOMERISTA

(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

Virendra Gupta

Center for Parasitic Hymenoptera

Department of Entomology and Nematology

University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611

Delomerista Foerster belongs to the Tribe Theroniini, subfamily

Pimplinae (=Ephialtinae). Some authors tend to place it in a different tribe

Delomeristini, but as Carlson (1979) has stated, there is really no evidence of

its relationship either way, and therefore it is here left within the tribe

Theroniini, as it is placed by Townes (1969).

Delomerista is a moderate-sized genus of Holarctic distribution. Species

of it parasitise saw-fly cocoons, though in literature there are records of

their being parasitic upon lepidopterous hosts as well as ona weevil. More

recent studies on the genus are those of Walkley (1960) on the North American

species and of Kasparyan (1977) on the European species. Additional species

have been discovered from India, Europe, and North America in the collections

of Townes, Gupta, Canadian National Collection, and of the U. S. National

Museum. Some of the American species appeared to have previously been

mixed up. Types and authentic determined specimens of several European,

Japanese and American species were studied to elucidate their taxonomic rela-

tionships and identities. This resulted in the recognition of several new spe-

cies which occur sympatrically with common species like D. noviia, borealis,

etc. and were previously mixed up with them, in the separation of D. japonica

and D. diprionis as valid species, and the discovery of D. indica, n. sp., from

the Himalayan mountains of India. D. indica extends the range of the genus to

India.

A total of 17 species and 4 subspecies are now recognized, of which 6 taxa

are new to science.

Genus DELOMERISTA Foerster

Delomerista Foerster, 1869. Verh. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, 25: 164.

Type-species: Pimpla mandibularis Gravenhorst; designated by

Schmiedeknecht, 1888.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1960: 362-372. Townes, 1969: 127. Kasparyan,

1977: 69-74.

Biology: Morris, etal., 1937: 360-361.

Body black. Face and clypeus of male yellowish-white (except in laevis).

Moderately slender, medium-sized species. Face a little convex and minutely

to moderately strongly punctate. Scape punctate. Clypeus usually lighter

colored than face, flat (convex in D, laevis), its apical margin concave and

without a median tooth. Mandibular teeth equal. Malar space 0.29 to 1.0 the

basal width of mandible, yellow. In males malar space correspondingly shorter

than infemales. Flagellar segments with linear sensillae which are often ab-

sent on the basal one or two segments. Thorax usually subpolished and with

: Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

minute setiferous punctures. Notauli indicated anteriorly. Epomia present.

Prepectal carina present. Propodeum areolated, both longitudinal as well as

transverse carinae present, but only the carinae bordering areola and petiolar

areas prominent. Costula present or absent, or indistinct and its place indi-

cated by the different sculpture of first and second lateral areas; second lateral

area often somewhat depressed and rough. Apical transverse carina almost

circular and more prominent. Tarsal claws simple, of moderate size, without

an enlarged bristle having a spatulate tip (cf. Theronia), though a long slender

bristle present on each claw. Nervellus intercepted variously, at, above or

below the middle (even varying within the same species). Abdomen strongly

granulose, granuloso-mat, or coriaceous with small scattered hairs, or closely

punctate (as in two species pfankuchi and kusuoi). First tergite with a weak to

strong dorsal curvature. Median carinae usually ending at this dorsal hump.

Lateral carina passing just above the spiracle and often weak at this point.

Ovipositor moderately compressed, moderately long (0.7 to 1.0 the length of

abdomen), or very long (2.0 the abdomen in longicauda), its tip not sinuate but

variously modified, either nodiform, or upper valve thick, or upper valve

occupying a greater part of the depth of ovipositor tip (figs. 47-49, 51-53).

The apical slope of the upper valve also variable and of diagnostic value for

species.

HOST ASSOCIATIONS

Species of Delomerista seem to be chiefly ectoparasitic on pupating sawfly

larvae within the cocoons. Host records of many species are lacking, while

some species have been reported ectoparasitic upon a variety of lepidopterous

larvae, and even a weevil larva (Vononychusi vulpeculus for D. novita). Aubert

(1969), quoting Kolomiets, 1962) even mentions D. mandibularis as being hyper-

parasitic upon larvae of Rhogas dendrolimi Matsumura, through Dendrolimus

sibirvicus. Most authors, however, believe that all hosts other than sawfly

hosts are probably erroneous, as they are not confirmed by subsequent rear-

ing records. For the same reason, Walkley (1960) stated that it is unwise to

disregard the host records from Lepidoptera and Coleoptera until further rear-

ings are done.

LARVAL MORPHOLOGY

(Figs. 63-65)

The Larvae of Delomervista have a large tooth-like projection at the junction

of the blade and base of mandible. According to Short (1978) this character is

found among other genera of the Theronini,in the Rhyssini, certain Ephialtini,

and in the Orthopelmatinae. The epistoma is incomplete, hypostoma and

hypostomal spur well sclerotized, lateral parts of labial sclerite slender and

ventral part broad, about twice as deep as the width of lateral part. Maxillary

and labial palps flattened and disc-shaped. Labral sclerite complete. Man-

dible with a broad base and its blade bifurcated—the longer part with dorsal

and ventral teeth and smaller part toothless. Maxillary and labial palps with

two sensillae each. Closing apparatus of spiracle not adjoining atrium. Anten-

na papiliform. Length of skin setae equal to the larger toothed part of mandi-

bular blade.

Short does not separate out Delomeristini from Theroniini.

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 3

SPECIES

A list of species so far known, together with their host associations as far

as known, is given below, including the new taxa described in the text. Species

no longer valid, nor belonging to Delomervisia are placed within brackets [| ].

Only valid species are numbered.

Four species groups are recognized, chiefly on the nature of the ovipositor

tip. They are the Novita Group, the Japonica Group, the Frigida Group, and

the Mandibularis Group. They are characterized and keyed in the key that fol-

lows the species list. The figures of the ovipositors should help identify the

species-groups as well as the species.

| Ephialtes albicinctus Desvignes, 1862]. Type °%, ?Great Britain (London).

Name preoccupied. A synonym of Delomerista mandibularis Graven-

horst cf. Fitton (1978).

?Great Britain. Host: Unknown.

| Pimpla bilineata Brulle, 1846]. Type 2, Algeria (Paris).

Oehlke (1967) synonymized it under Coccygomimus contemplator

(Mueller) with a query, but Aubert (1969) placed it under Delomervista.

The latter situation followed by Constantineanu & Pisica (1977).

According to original description, apparently a species of Coccygomi-

mus.

Algeria. Host: Unknown.

Delomerista borealis Walkley, 1960. Type ¢, N.W.T. (Washington).

Also reported from Alaska and Quebec by Walkley.

Aubert (1969) placed it under D. mandibularis with a query. Kasparyan

(1977) reported it from the European USSR. |

A valid species belonging to the Novita Group.

Occurring in Northwestern parts of North America and European USSR.

Host: Unknown,

[Ephialtes desvignesii Marshall, 1870]. New name for E. albicinctus

Desvignes, 1862.

Oehlke (1967) placed it under Delomerisia. Fitton (1978) placed it asa

synonym of D,. mandibularis (Gravenhorst).

England. Host: Unknown.

Delomerista diprionis Cushman, 1939. Type ¢, Ontario, Canada

(Washington).

Walkley (1960) synonymized it under D. japonica Cushman.

Hereby considered as a valid species, belonging to the Japonica Group.

Nearctic. Hosts: Several species of Diprion, Neodriprion and Gilpina,

including D, similis, N. lecontei, N. nanulus nanulus, N. pratti

banksianae, N, sertifer, N. tsugae, Gilpina frutetorum, and

G. hercyniae.

Delomerista excavata Ulbricht, 1913. Type 2, Germany (?).

Aubert placed it under mandibularis with a query, while other authors

are not certain about its identity.

4, Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

The type could not be located and therefore its taxonomic identity could

not be ascertained.

Germany. Host: Unknown.

4. Delomerista frigida Kasparyan, 1977. Type 2, European USSR (Leningrad).

Belongs to the Frigida Group.

Eastern Palaearctic. Host: Unknown.

[Delomerista gelida Walkley, 1960]. Type ?, N.W.T. (Washington).

Hereby synonymized under D, mandibularis Gravenhorst. N. SYN.

Nearctic. Host: Unknown.

9. Delomerista indica Gupta, new species. Type 2, Himalaya: Dalhousie

(Gupta).

Belongs to the Japonica Group.

India (Himalayan mountains). Host: Unknown.

6. Delomerista japonica Cushman, 1937. Type 2, Japan (Washington).

Walkley (1960) synonymized D. diprionis Cushman under it, but both

species are here considered distinct but related, belonging to the

Japonica Group.

Japan. Host: Diprion nipponicus.

1. Delomerista kusuoi Uchida & Momoi, 1957. Type 2, Japan (Sapporo).

A valid species related to D. pfankuchi and belonging to the Novita

Group.

Japan. Host: Unknown.

[Pimpla laevifrons Thomson, 1877]. Type “, Germany (Lund).

Townes (1944) synonymized it under D, texana (Cresson), while Oehlke

(1966) synonymized texana under laevis (Gravenhorst).

Aubert (1969) considered it distinct and synonymized stvandi Ulbricht

under it. Constantineanu and Pisica (1977) treated it as a separate

species. Kasparyan (1977) studied the lectotypes of laevis and laevi-

frons and confirmed the synonymy of this species. D, stvandi is nota

synonym of it, though a cotype of it is conspecific with it. The lectotype

of stvandi is different.

Europe. Host: Unknown.

8. Pimpla laevis Gravenhorst, 1829. Type 2, Italy (Wroclaw).

=laevifrons Thomson.

=texana Cresson (cf. Oehlke, 1966).

A cotype of D. strandi belongs here, which is different from the lecto-

type of strandi designated by Oehlke, 1967.

A valid species, belonging to the Mandibularis Group.

Holarctic. Hosts: Rhyacionia buoliana (Lep.: Tortricidae) in Europe

(cf. Aubert). Carlson (1979) does not mention any host in North

America.

9. Delomerista lepteces Walkley, 1960. Type ¢, Alaska (Washington).

Belongs to the Novita Group.

Nearctic. Host: Unknown.

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 5

10. Delomerista longicauda Kasparyan, 1973. Type 2, Russia (Leningrad).

A species belonging to the Mandibularis Group. A subspecies of it

(longicauda americana) is described from Northern Nearctic.

Holarctic. Host: Unknown.

11. Pimpla mandibularis Gravenhorst, 1829. Lectotype 2, Poland (Wroclaw).

= albicinctus Desvignes (cf. Fitton, 1978)

= desvignesii Marshall (cf. Fitton, 1978)

= gelida Walkley (new synonym).

Aubert (1969) placed excavata Ulbricht as a synonym of it with a query,

but Kasparyan (1977) did not confirm this synonymy. He also placed

D. borealis Walkley as a doubtful synonym of it, apparently after the

suggestion of Walkley herself, which was because of misdetermined

specimens of mandibulavis in Washington. In Washington there are

specimens from Europe determined as mandibularis by Roman and

Heinrich, which are specifically identical with the specimens of borealis

Walkley, but not with specimens determined as mandibularis by Perkins

and Kasparyan.

According to Oehlke (1967), Perkins selected a lectotype in 1936 and so

labelled the specimen, which was subsequently designated lectotype by

Oehlke (1967). Kasparyan (1977) followed this interpretation. Oehlke

mentions Breslau, Poland as the lectotype locality, while Kasparyan

mentions Warmbrunn, Poland!

A valid species belonging to the Mandibularis Group.

Hosts: As mentioned by Aubert from Europe: Strongylogaster sp.,

Euuva amerinae (Hym.: Tenthredinidae).

12. Delomerista masoni Gupta, new species. Type 2, Michigan (Townes).

Belongs to the Mandibularis Group.

Nearctic. Host: Unknown.

13. Pimpla novita Cresson, 1870. Type, Mass. (Philadelphia).

Kasparyan (1977) reported it from European USSR.

A valid species belonging to the Novita Group. A new subspecies of it

(novita europa) is described from Poland and Kasparyan's specimens

may belong to the European subspecies.

Holarctic. Hosts: Mononychus vulpeculus (Curculionidae), Acrobasis

rubrifasciella, Acrobasis spp., Exartema olivaceanum, Eublemma

minima (= Thalpochares carmelita) (Lepidoptera). Macremphytes sp.,

Diprion similis (Hymenoptera).

14. Delomerista pfankuchi Brauns, 1905. Type 2, Bremen (Berlin).

Troctocerus unicolor Hedwig, 1959. Syn. by Horstmann, 1981.

Europe. Russia. Walkley (1960) reported it as 'Probably America",

but it does not occur in the Nearctic Region.

Valid species belonging to Novita Group.

Palaearctic. Hosts: Chionodes tragicella, Psyche viciella, Talaeporia

tubolosa, and Diplodoma marginepunctella (Lepidoptera). Diprion pini

(Hymenoptera).

15. Pimpla strandi Ulbricht, 1911. Lectotype 2, Norvegia (Berlin).

Lectotype designated by Oehlke, 1967.

Another cotype conspecific with laevifrons and so labelled by Aubert,

6 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

led him to consider the two synonymous.

A valid species, also occurring in the Nearctic Region. Belongs to the

Mandibularis Group.

Holarctic. Host: Unknown.

[Pimpla texana Cresson, 1870]. Type 2, Texas (Philadelphia).

P. laevifrons considered as a synonym of it by Townes (1944), while

Oehlke (1966) synonymized it under /aevis (Gravenhorst).

A synonym of Delomervista laevis. 7

Nearctic. Host: Unknown.

16. Delomerista townesorum Gupta, new species. Type 9, Michigan (Townes).

Belongs to the Frigida Group. |

Nearctic. Host: Unknown.

[Troctocerus unicolor Hedwig, 1959]. Holotype ¢, "Paitzkofen b. Straubing.

A junior synonym of Delomerista pfankuchi, vide Horstmann, 1981.

17. Delomerista wakleyae Gupta, new species. Type 9, Alaska (Townes).

Belongs to the Frigida Group.

Nearctic. Host: Unknown.

MALES

The matching of the males with the females has posed a problem, as most

males available look alike and apparently males of several species are unknown.

Attempts have been made to identify the males in association with the females.

This resulted in certain broad groupings. These groupings are described below

and should aid in the identification of the males.

I. Males with face black, yellow only on sides. Malar space long, 0.8 to

1.0 the basal width of mandible. Clypeus convex. Abdominal tergites finely

granular. Only one species, Delomerista laevis, belongs here.

All other males so far as are known, have face yellowish-white, or white,

malar space 0.2 to 0.33 the basal width of mandible, and clypeus flat.

II. Areola small, broadly triangular due to the apical transverse carina

being close to the middle of propodeum. Propodeum short, sloping from base

to apex. Apical transverse carina often the strongest and very convexly arched.

This group includes the males of the Japonica Group, D. japonica, diprionis,

and indica, all of which have yellow malar space, tegula and ventral aspects of

scape and pedicel. D. diprionis has the strongest apical transverse carina,

which even encroaches the basal half of propodeum.

III. Propodeum smooth and shiny, with areola horse-shoe shaped, not

elongate. Costula distinct. Propodeal carinae rather strong and sharp.

Malar space, scape and pedicel ventrally, and tegula yellow. Flagellum

brownish. Propodeum with a short dorsal face. Hind femur usually wholly

brownish-yellow. Includes D. masoni of the Mandibularis Group.

IV. Areola elongate. Costula indistinct to absent. Propodeum long,

smoother, or granulose laterally. Apical transverse carina of propodeum

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) é

usually in apical 0.3 of propodeum. Dorsal face of propodeum long and not

sloping. Propodeum sloping only apicad of transverse carina. The rest of the

known males belong here.

A. Tegula black. Scape and pedicel black. Delomerista borealis belongs

here.

B. Tegula yellow. Malar space black. Three species, D, novita, longi-

cauda and lepteces belong here. In D. novita, the scape and pedicel are yellow

ventrally, malar space short, 0.2 the basal width of mandible, nervellus inter-

cepted at lower 0.4, face as long as wide, fore and middle coxae generally

white, and hind femur short, compressed and largely reddish. In D. longi-

cauda americana (male of nominate subspecies unknown), the scape and pedicel

are black, malar space 0.33 the basal width of mandible, nervellus intercepted

at lower 0.3, face wider, about 1.5 as wide as long, shiny, fore coxa alone

white, and hind femur normal, largely to wholly blackish or blackish-brown.

D, lepteces is very much like D, longicauda, but malar space 0.3 as long as

basal width of mandible, face 1.3 as wide as long, dull, and hind femur is

largely reddish-brown or reddish, except in apical 0.3.

C. Tegula yellow. Malar space yellow. Delomevista townesorum and

D. mandibularis belong here. Both these species show variations in the colora-

tion of scape, pedicel, and in the markings on the femora.

D. townesorum has a rugulose, rectangular face, hind femur with a black

apical ring, and nervellus intercepted at its lower 0.4 to 0.45 (appears usually

in the middle).

D, mandibularis generally has a smoother, squarish face, hind femur

usually wholly orange-brown, and nervellus intercepted in the lower 0.3 to

0.35. The scape and pedicel are usually yellow ventrally. There are varia-

tions, however. Some males have a rugulose face and scape appears partly to

largely black. A large number of males from British Columbia in Townes

Collection are tentatively placed here. They may be different.

V. Abdomen rugoso-punctate. The male of D. pfankuchi has a rugoso-

punctate abdomen, like that in female (all other males have coriaceous

abdomen), scape and pedicel yellow ventrally, flagellum brownish and hind

femur wholly orange colored.

In the key that follows, only the females have been taken into consideration.

D, excavata Ulbricht is unknown to me and therefore not included in the key,

nor in the text.

KEY TO THE SPECIES GROUPS AND SPECIES OF DELOMERISTA

(Females only. Delomerista excavata Ulbricht excluded)

1. Ovipositor with a distinct subapical node whence it tapers gradually to a

point (figs. 3,6,9). Ventral margin of upper valve of ovipositor con-

cave subapically where the lower valve widened and occupying the

greater part of the depth of the ovipositor. Basal ridges on lower valve

strongly inclined and rest of the ridges somewhat sinuate. Basal two

flagellar segments with several rows of sensillae (cf. Frigida Group)

(figs. 12,15,18,19,20). (In one species, lepteces, ovipositor finely

tapered and needle-like, fig. 16). A. The Novita Group....... 4

8 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

Ovipositor tip not nodiform, a little bulbous or more conspicuously

widened (often a few low ripples seen in profile on the upper valve,

figs. 23,28). Upper valve heavier or wider preapically than the lower

valve and occupying the greater part of the preapical depth of ovipositor.

Ventral margin of upper valve convex. Ridges on lower valve (except

the basal 3-4) almost vertical to reclining... .% )...6 .4.508. 6. 2

2. Upper valve of ovipositor not unusually heavy or widened, with an even

gradual slope and with one or two ripple-like preapical formations

(figs. 23,28). Ridges on lower valve vertical (except the basal ones).

First flagellar segment almost devoid of sensillae or only one or two

present. II segment with fewer sensillae. (This group is sympatric

with the Novita Group and the American species of it have been mixed

up with the species of the latter. The ovipositor looks somewhat

similar, but is definitely not nodiform and is a little bulbous in outline

and sensillae are virtually absent). Propodeum with a flat dorsal face

and then sloping only in apical half. B. The Frigida Group..... 8

Upper valve of ovipositor heavier and widened preapically, bulbous or with

a short abrupt apical slope (figs. 33, 38,39, 44, 47-49, 51-53). Apical

ridges on lower valve vertical to reclining. Sensillae on basal two

flagellar segments numerous or sometimes fewer in number. Propode-

um sloping from base to apex, though sometimes basal part convex

(igs. 40,90, 98 a ae i ee 3

3. Upper valve of ovipositor bulbous in outline, widened preapically and then

abruptly sloping (figs. 33,38, 39,44), with faint ripples. Apical ridges

on lower valve reclining while the basal ones inclining. The two valves

meeting almost ina straight line: this line at mid height of ovipositor

at base and usually faint. Basal two flagellar segments with numerous

sensillae (figs. 31, 32, 36,37,45,46). Propodeum in profile view with

an even slope from base to apex (fig. 40).c, The Japonica Group. 10

Upper valve of ovipositor rather heavy, and occupying the greater part of

the depth of ovipositor (figs. 47-49, 51-53), and without or with only

faint ripples. Apical slope abrupt, short, except in longicauda (fig. 53),

where ovipositor 2.0 as long as abdomen. Ovipositor usually arched.

Ridges on lower valve vertical to slightly inclined (basal 3 ridges

strongly inclined). The two valves meeting along an arched line, which

is conspicuous throughout the length of ovipositor and is above the mid-

height at base of ovipositor. Basal two flagellar segments with fewer

sensillae (fig. 59-60).Propodeum in profile view (figs. 50, 54) strongly

convex basally and then abruptly sloping to apex.

D. The Mandiputarie Grou. 3. 2 a a ee 12

(The Novita Group)

4. Abdomen closely punctate (figs. 5,11). Apical margins of tergites banded

with yellow or red. Malar space 0.25 the basal width of mandible.

Propodeum subpolished and with a few scattered punctures to punctate

(figs. 4,10). Costula faint to distinct.

Abdomen granulose to granuloso-coriaceous (figs. 2, 8,14), without apical

pale bands on tergites. Malar space 0.3 to 0.5 the basal width of man-

dible. Propodeum polished to subpolished. Costula absent. .... 6

V. Gupta : Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 9

Propodeum (fig. 4) subpolished, with a few scattered punctures laterally.

Costula very faintly indicated. Abdominal tergites with yellow apical

bands. Nervellus intercepted below the middle. Palaearctic.

4. pfankuchi Brauns (p. |5)

Propodeum (fig. 10) punctate, second lateral area rugoso-punctate.

Costula distinct. Abdominal tergites apically banded with red and punc-

tation coarser than in pfankuchi (fig. 11). Nervellus intercepted at its

middle. Japan. -o4 20a Sos, 5. kusuoi Uchida & Momoi (p. 18)

Ovipositor finely tapered apically, needle-like (fig. 16), nodus rather

indistinct. Malar space 0.45-0.5 the basal width of mandible.

Propodeal areola (fig. 13) horse-shoe shaped. Nearctic.

3. lepteces Walkley (p. 15)

Ovipositor typical for the group with a distinct node and then long tapering

(figs. 3,9). Malar space 0.3-0.45 the basal width of mandible.

Propodeal areola usually elongate, more strongly defined and pentagon-

BLAS LOR Te eS ee

Tegula yellow. Hind tibia yellow ventrally or at base. Hind tarsus basally

yellow. Abdomen granuloso-coriaceous (fig. 2). Malar space 0.3 the

basal width of mandible. Nervellus intercepted at: its lower 0.3-0.4.

Holaveties 1 0- ae P 1. novita (Cresson) (p. 11)

Tegula black. Hind tibia and tarsus wholly black. Abdomen granulose

(fig. 8). Malar space 0.4-0.45 the basal width of mandible. Nervellus

intercepted at its lower 0.4-0.45. Holarctic. |

2. borealis Walkley (p. 14)

(The Frigida Group)

Face granuloso-punctate medially. Tegula black. Tergite I convex,

granulose laterally, its dorsal and lateral carinae weak and confined only

along the basal declivity. Fore leg wholly reddish-brown. Europe.

6. frigida Kasparyan (p. 18)

Face subpolished, with or without fine punctures. Tegula black or yellow.

Tergite I flattened laterally and more rugulose rather than granulose,

its median and lateral carinae distinct. Fore leg with yellow ventral

mia NOVUT AMOR Cain Ok I ee re we WH ee a 9

Tegula black. Propodeum rugulose in pleural area, second lateral area

and in petiolar area. Legs dark reddish-brown with fore leg brownish

(except rarely). Malar space 0.5 the basal width of mandible. Ovi-

positor long, a little up-curved and longer than abdomen. Abdomen

granuiose, Nearetios <r. oo worn 7. walkleyae, n. sp. (p. 18)

Tegula yellow. Propodeum smoother to subpolished, particularly in

lateral and petiolar areas. Legs light yellowish-brown. Malar space

0.3-0.4 the basal width of mandible. Ovipositor as long as abdomen,

usually straight. Abdomen granuloso-mat (finer than in walkleyae).

Nearotion. i 6480 5> CRO RB PN 8. townesorum, n. sp. (p. 19)

10

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

(The Japonica Group)

Ovipositor tip a little swollen preapically and then abruptly sloping (short

taper, fig. 33,39). First abdominal tergite thinner in profile view,

its dorsomedian carinae angled at 30° and with a conspicuous flange at

its junction with lateral carina. Basal declivity smoother and shiny.

Postpetiole flat and rugulose. Malar space 0.33 to 0.45 the basal

width of mandible. Eastern Palaearctic: Japan, USSR.

10. japonica Cushman (p. 22)

Ovipositor tip in profile view more parallel-sided, with a small convex

slope (figs. 38,44). First tergite convexly arched, its median carinae

moderately raised and making an angle of 45° with the horizontal axis,

not conspicuously flanged at base. Malar space 0.5-0.7 the basal

WAGE OL MIAMI NAle. He SA ee Se ee. Melinda. Soni eg eel

Malar space 0.6-0.7 the basal width of mandible. Nervellus intercepted

below the middle (lower 0.33). Junction of median and lateral carinae

of first tergite not flanged, the lateral carina angled at spiracle and

usually erased there or apically. Basal declivity of first tergite dull.

Ovipositor tip as in fig. 38. Nearctic. .9. diprionis Cushman (p. 20)

Malar space 0.5 the basal width of mandible. Nervellus usually inter-

cepted at the middle (some exhibit variations 0.5 +0.15). Junction of

median and lateral carinae of first tergites moderately flanged, the

lateral carina complete and strong, arched at spiracle. Basal declivity

of first tergite rough. Ovipositor as infig. 44. India.

i 11. indica, n. sp. (p. 23)

(The Mandibularis Group)

Malar space about as long as or longer than basal width of mandible (0.8 in

o). Clypeus convex. Face smooth (face of male black). Propodeum

largely granulose. Abdominal tergites finely granulose (shagreened in

%). Ovipositor tip as in fig. 52. Holarctic. |

15. laevis (Gravenhorst) (p. 28)

Malar space 0.4-0.6 the basal width of mandible. Clypeus flat. Face with

Minute punctures, SUDNOMeN ed... i. ve vette ets Ge dake aS RA le 13

Ovipositor very long, longer than the body and about 2.0 the length of

abdomen. Ovipositor tip upcurved, narrowed preapically (fig. 53).

PGlAveties. si utite Peewee AO) 16. longicauda Kasparyan (p. 29)

Ovipositor shorter, only about as long as abdomen or shorter, straight

preavically and.not- nNavrowed, Fo ok wa Me CORE 14

Ovipositor almost parallel-sided in profile view, uniformly slightly arched

upwards, particularly near tip, not conspicuously widened preapically

(fig. 48,49). First flagellar segment almost devoid of sensillae

(fig. 59) (one or two in a row sometimes present). Ovipositor as long

as abdomen. Holarctic. .. 12. mandibularis (Gravenhorst) (p. 24)

Ovipositor rather widened preapically (about 1: 1.5) (figs.- 47,51, 52) and

almost straight (or a little downcurved). First flagellar segment with

several rows of sensillae. Ovipositor shorter than abdomen. ... 15

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 11

15. Tegula black. Ovipositor very stout (fig. 47), slightly arched upwards.

Malar space 0.5 to 0.6 the basal width of mandible. Areola pentagonal

to a little elongate. Costula incomplete to indistinct. Second lateral

area of propodeum rugose and depressed. Head as wide as high.

Inner eye orbits shallowly indented. Holarctic.

13. strandi (Ulbricht) (p. 26)

Tegula yellow. Ovipositor moderately stout with a weak median bend down-

wards. Malar space 0.4-0.5 the basal width of mandible. Areola

semicircularly rounded, broader (sometimes elongate). Costula com-

plete and distinct. Second lateral area of propodeum shiny (sometimes

rugulose), generally not depressed. Head wider than high. Inner eye

orbits moderately indented. Nearctic. . . 14. masoni, n. sp. (p. 27)

A. THE NOVITA GROUP

Flagellum with sensillae, basal two flagellar segments with numerous

sensillae which are sometimes fewer in number.

Propodeum long, with a longer dorsal face. Propodeum dorsally smoother.

Areola elongate. Costula absent or faintly indicated (distinct in kusuoi, where

propodeum is somewhat punctate). Ovipositor tip nodiform, seen in profile

upper valve with a slight protuberance subapically whence it evenly tapers to

an apical point. At nodus, depth of upper and lower valves about equal; beyond

this point lower valve slightly encroaching upon the upper valve and lower

margin of upper valve concave. Ridges on lower valve (except the basal ones)

vertical and slightly sinuate. Ovipositor 0.8 to 1.2 as long as abdomen.

This group includes five species: D., pfankuchi from Europe, D. kusuoi

from Japan, D. lepteces from North America, and D. borealis and D. novita

from Europe as well as North America.

1. DELOMERISTA NOVITA (Cresson)

Female: Face convex, punctate in the middle. Clypeus flat. Malar space

0.3-0.33 the basal width of mandible. Head a little wider than long. Eye

moderately strongly notched a little above antennal socket. Frons smooth.

Vertex with minute setiferous punctures. Interocellar distance 0.6-0.7 the

ocellocular distance. First flagellar segment with linear sensillae. Second

and third segments also with linear sensillae. Sensillae on basal two flagellar

segments in novila europa fewer in number. Mesoscutum subpolished and

more hairy than other parts. Pronotum, mesopleurum and metapleurum shiny,

polished and with scattered hairs. Propodeum smooth dorsally and a little

punctate laterally and in pleural area, a little rough in the petiolar area.

Areola fully formed, but basal area and costula absent (fig. 1). Apical trans-

verse carina circular and strong. Dorsal face of propodeum appears flat and

about as long as its apical slope, which is gradual. Nervellus intercepted at

its lower 0.3-0.45. Abdomen granuloso-coriaceous (fig. 2). Ovipositor long,

straight, parallel-sided, about 0.5 as long as body and 0.8 as long as abdomen,

its tip with a subapical node and thence evenly and gradually tapered to a point.

Lower valve with vertical riges (fig. 3), with basal ridges inclined.

Male: Similar to the female but face smooth. Pleural area of propodeum

often rugulose. Propodeum dorsally flatter and more elongate and often with

minute punctures.

Two subspecies are recognized: Delomerista novita novita from North

12 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

America and D. novita europa from Europe. They differ as follows:

1. Sensillae on basal flagellar segments numerous. Areola generally hexagonal

and a little longer than wide (though in reared specimens variations are

seen from elongateM-shaped to somewhat broadly triangular). Legs

reddish-brown with fuscous and pale marks. Fore and middle tarsi

fuscous, their tibiae particularly the middle tibia, ventrally yellow and

with apical fuscous marks. Hind tibia largely yellowish-white ventrally.

Nexretio. 4.0.4 69, ees la. novita novita (Cresson) (p. 12)

Sensillae on basal two flagellarsegments fewer innumber. Areola usually

elongate, narrowed basally, and somewhat pentagonal. Legs more

uniformly brownish. Fore and middle tibiae and tarsi without fuscous

or pale marks. Hind tibia wholly brownish-black and only with a basal

white ring. Europe. ...... 2b. novita europa, n: subsp. (p. 13)

la. DELOMERISTA NOVITA NOVITA (Cresson) (figs. 1-3)

Pimpla novita Cresson, 1870. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 3: 146. @. des.

Type ¥, Massachusetts (Philadelphia). Homotype examined in Townes

Coll., 1980.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1960: 373. Kasparyan, 1977: 74. Carlson, 1979:

349.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1967: 1247 (larva). Short, 1978: 25,174 (larva).

Female: Basal flagellar segments with numerous sensillae. Areola gener-

ally hexagonal and a little longer than wide, but areola variable, particularly in

reared specimens, from elongate N-shaped to somewhat broad-triangular.

Black. Mandible, malar space, palpi, hind corner of pronotum, tegula,

and fore trochanter and trochantellus, yellowish-white. All coxae, femora,

and middle and hind trochanters and trochantellus reddish-brown, with fore

coxa often dark brown. Fore and middle tibiae reddish-brown, with their ven-

tral surface yellowish-white. Hind tibia with a yellowish-white annulus at

base, black dorsally, and yellowish-white ventrally, which mark variable, but

not extending to apex. Fore tarsus brown and middle and hind tarsi black.

Base of hind basitarsus white. Apical 0.22 of hind femur black. Sometimes

legs more uniformly reddish-brown, but hind tibia and tarsus exhibit the

characteristic pattern.

Male: Malar space 0.2 to 0.25 the basal width of mandible and black.

Face and clypeus white. Face subpolished, with scattered punctures. Scape

and pedicel white ventrally. Tegula yellowish-white. Fore and middle coxae

and trochanters white. Middle femur ventrally and middle tibia often wholly

white. Hind femur short, reddish-brown with a blackish mark in apical 0.25

to 0.4 and merging with the reddish color of femur. Sometimes fore leg darker

with coxa brownish.

One female labelled, 'Delomerista gracilis Cushman, Type", "No. 19179-

USNM", from Santa Cruz, California, is a variant specimen of novita novita

with legs more reddish-brown, areola triangular, dorsal face of propodeum

shorter, and apical transverse carina of propodeum more strongly arched.

Some reared specimens of novita novita from Wisconsin also exhibit this sort

of propodeum and a flatter first tergite.

Length: °, 9-183 mm. Fore wing 7-9.5 mm. Ovipositor 5-7 mm. ¢,

7-11 mm. Fore wing 4.5-8 mm.

Specimens: 29% males and 592, from the Nearctic Region: British

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 13

Columbia (Hudson Hope, Robson, and Stone Mt. Park); California (Santa Cruz

Mts.); Michigan (Ann Arbor, Brevort, Emmet Co., Huron Mts., Houghton Co.,

Iron River, Marquette Co., Schoolcraft Co., Roscommon Co.); Minnesota

(Stacy and Chisago Co.); New Hampshire (Mt. Madison, Pinkham Notch, and

White Mts.); New Jersey (High Point State Park); New York (Farmingdale,

Hancock, L. Sebago, Moss Lake, Oneota); North Carolina (Linville Falls);

Ontario (Bells Corners, Chaffeys Locks, Constance Bay, Cumberland, and

Ottawa); Oregon (Mt. Hood and Selma); Pennsylvania (Bald Eagle State Park,

Hamilton, Spring Brook), Quebec (Gracefield, Knowlton, Lacoste, Lac Mondor,

Cap Rouge, Gracefield, Ste Flore, and Sweetsburg); South Carolina (Cleveland);

Vermont (Laurel Lake); Virginia (Mountain Lake); West Virginia (Cranberry

Gls.); Wisconsin (Gibson Lake, Madison, and Polk Co.); and Yukon Territory

(Rampart House).

Specimens reported by Walkley (1960) from Saskatoona, Sask., Robson,

BC, and Golden Lake, Ontario, are now referred to Delomerista townesorum,

n. sp. Specimens reported by her from Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,

Connecticut and Washington could not be examined.

Hosts: The host records on specimens seen are from Diprion similis at

Gibson Lake, Wisconsin, Stacy, Minnesota, and at Linville Falls, N.C., the

adults occur mostly during August. Walkley reported other host records

(quoting earlier authors), like Mononyhus vulpeculus, Acrobasis rubrifasciella,

Exartema oliva and Eublemma minima, stating that the last two records are

doubtful and the collector and identifier are not given. Finlayson (1967) records

this species from Acrobasis (Phycitidae).

Distribution: This species is widely distributed in Eastern North America.

It ranges northwestwards to British Columbia and Yukon Territory. In these

areas it is partially replaced by a closely related species, D. borealis

Walkley.

1b. DELOMERISTA NOVITA EUROPA, n. subsp.

This subspecies is extremely close to the nominate subspecies from the

Nearctic Region, but the hind tibia and tarsus are black except for whitish

basal rings, in which character it somewhat approaches Delomerista borealis.

The distinguishing characters are: Sensillae on basal two flagellar seg-

ments fewer in number. Propodeum smoother dorsally. Areola elongate,

narrowed basally, almost pentagonal in outline. Nervellus intercepted in lower

0.3-0.45. Hind corner of pronotum yellow. Tegula yellow, with a brownish

spot near wing base. All coxae, trochanters and femora brownish, shiny.

Fore and middle tibiae and tarsi brown. Hind femur only faintly infuscate

apically. Hind tibia and tarsus wholly black except for narrow basal yellowish-

white rings.

Male has the usual characters like face, scape and pedicel ventrally, fore

and middle leg wholly, and hind tibia ventrally, yellowish-white. Hind femur

black only apically. Malar space 0.2-0.25 the basal width of mandible, black.

Nervellus intercepted at lower 0.25-0.3.

This subspecies has been confused with D. mandibularis Gravenhorst,

according to misdeterminations of Roman and others. Specimens reported as

novita by Kasparyan (1977) probably belong to this subspecies. His specimens

were not checked.

Length: 2, 11-13 mm. Fore wing 9-11 mm. Ovipositor 6-7 mm. © 9-11

mm. Fore wing 6-8 mm.

Holotype: ¢, Germany: Bayr. Wald Waldmunchen, 800 m, VII-1948,

14 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

G. Heinrich (labelled D. mandibularis) (TOWNES).

Pavatypes (2%, 99): Germany: Hahnheide b. Trittau, near Hamburg, 1%,

VIl-1945, G. Heinrich (Townes). Furstenberg i.M., Fr. W. Konow, 4%,

Baker Collection (one det. as 7andibularis) (Washington). Austria: Osterich-

Tal. Allgau, 1100 m, 19, 31-VII-1949, G. Heinrich (det. mandibulavis)

(Townes) Poland: 12, ex Diprion similis (abnormal, propodeum and abdomen

banded with red) (Washington). Sweden: Skane, Trap 2, 12, VII-1969, B.

Svensson (Townes).Messaure, 1°, 27-VI-1971, K. Muller; Loderupstrandbad,

1°, 9-VI-1961, M. Townes & C. West (Townes). England: Oxford, Bagley '

Woods @, 25-IX-1960, H. K. Townes (Townes).

Host: Diprion similis.

Distribution: Germany, Austria, Poland, Sweden, — and probably

U.S. 5. RR.

2. DELOMERISTA BOREALIS Walkley (figs. 7-9)

Delomerista borealis Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes: Bull.

U.S. Natl: Mas:; 216(2)+ 370.° 28 Type. 2; “NWT: ‘Long 141% w,

Lat 69° 20'N (Border of Alaska and Yukon Territory) (Washington).

Examined in 1980. Paratypes from Alaska, Yukon Territory, North-

western Territory, Quebec, and Colorado.

Taxonomy: Kasparyan, 1977: 71.

This species is extremely similar to D. novita and could well be considered

as a subspecies of the latter, but for distributional overlaps and a few structural

differences, as follows:

Female: First flagellar segment with fewer rows of sensillae. Face

smoother and with sparser punctures. Inner margin of eye only slightly

indented opposite antennal socket. Frons more deeply excavated. Malar

space 0.4 to 0.45 the basal width of mandible. Nervellus intercepted at its

lower 0.4 to 0.45. Propodeum subpolished. Areola more rounded basally

and elongate than in novita. Abdomen granulose. Ovipositor longer, about

0.75 to 0.8 as long as the body, and often longer than the abdomen.

Black. Malar space and mandible white. Hind corner of pronotum black,

or white at its junction with tegula. Tegula black. Legs more uniformly .

reddish-brown with fore coxa and trochanters often blackish-brown. Middle

tibia and tarsus fuscous. Hind tibia and tarsus black, the tibia often with a

small white spot dorsally near base. Apex of hind femur sometimes blackish.

Male: Face and clypeus white, with clypeus black margined. Malar space

yellow, 0.3 the basal width of mandible. Tegula black. Scape and pedicel

black. Flagellum blackish. Hind tibia often yellow underneath. Hind femur

black on apical 0.2, this black mark rather sharply contrasting with the

reddish-brown color of femur.

Length: °, 7-13 mm. Fore wing 5.5-9 mm. Ovipositor 6-9 mm. ©, 7-11

mm. Fore wing 5-8 mm.

Specimens examined: 12% and 40 from the Nearctic Region, from the

following localities: Alaska (Anchorage, Deering, Isabella Pass, Mt. McKinley,

Valdez); British Columbia (Racing River, Stone Mt. Park); Colorado (Poudre

Lake, Fall River Pass in Rocky Mt. Nat. Park and Gould); Northwest Terri-

tories (North Shore of Lac Mounoir, Mackenzie Riber Delta, Norman

Wells, and Tuktoyaktuk); and Yukon Territory (Dawson, Dempster Highway,

mile 51, Herschel Island).

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 15

Walkley (1960) also reported this species from Quebec, Canada. Kasparyan

(1977) reported it from European USSR. These specimens have not been seen.

Three paratypes of this species from Rampart House (YT), Raindeer Depot,

Mackenzie Delta, (NWT), are now assigned to another species, D, walkleyae,

n. Sp.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: Northwestern parts of North America and also in U.S.S.R.

3. DELOMERISTA LEPTECES Walkley (figs. 13, 14,15, 16, 19)

Delomerista lepteces Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes: Bull.

U. S. Natl. Mus., 216(2): 368. @. Type: ¢, Alaska: Mt. McKinley,

1600 ft (Washington). Examined in 1980. Paratypes from Quebec and

Colorado.

This species is characterized by having a slender ovipositor with a pointed

and needle-like tip, both valves tapering apically and lower valve with weak

teeth. Other characteristic features of the species are:

Female: First flagellar segment (fig. 15) with one or two rows of sensillae,

about 1.4 the second segment. Face with indistinct punctures, leathery in

appearance. Malar space 0.45-0.5 the basal width of mandible. Propodeum

a little rough and shiny dorsally, sparsely and shallowly punctate laterally.

Areola horse-shoe shaped. Petiolar area rugulose. Costula absent. Second

lateral area somewhat depressed. Nervellus intercepted at its lower 0.33.

Discoidella bent down in the middle (in other species it is straight or only

weakly curved). First tergite granulose, its lateral carina incomplete, partly

erased apicad of spiracle. Ovipositor fine, needle-like, about 0.6 as long as

the body length and only a little shorter than the abdomen (0. 87).

Black. Mandible, malar space and palpi yellowish-white. Clypeus brown.

Hind corner of pronotum elongately yellow. Tegula yellow to brownish. Fore

coxa black. Fore femur and tibia black dorsally and yellow ventrally. Fore

tarsus blackish-brown. Middle and hind coxae reddish-brown. Middle tibia

and femur yellow in front, with their apices and tarsus brownish-black. Hind

femur reddish-brown with apical third of it and hind tibia and tarsus black

except for one or two yellow spots on tibia ventrally.

Male: Face and clypeus white. Face wider. Malar space black, 0.3 the

basal width of mandible. Scape and pedicel black. Flagellum black. Tegula

yellow. Hind femur reddish or reddish-brown with a blackish mark on apical

0.3. Propodeal areola weaker than in the female.

Length: ¢, 8-10.5 mm. Fore wing 7-8 mm. Ovipositor 4-5mm. ¢,

8-9 mm.

Specimens: Alaska: Mt. McKinley, 19 (type) (Washington). British

Columbia: Stone Mt. Park, 3800+ft., 1°, 20-VII-1973, “%, 12-VII-1973, H. &

M. Townes (Townes). Colorado: Poudre Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park,

1100 ft., 12 (paratype), 12-VIII-1948, H. G. & D. Townes (Townes).

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: Alaska, Quebec, British Columbia, and Colorado. Specimen

from Quebec not seen.

4. DELOMERISTA PFANKUCHI (Brauns) (figs. 4, 5, 6, 20)

[Pimpla| (Delomerista) pfankuchi Brauns, 1905. Ztschr. Syst. Hym. Dipt.,

5: 131. 2. des. Type ?, Bremen, Germany (Berlin). Examined in

1980.

16 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

Troctocerus unicolor Hedwig, 1959. Nachr. Naturw. Mus. Aschaffenburg,

62: 96. 2. Syn. by Horstmann,1981. South Italy and Turkey.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1960: 371. Kasparyan, 1977: 74.

The ovipositor of this species is also long tapered but the lower valve is

more tapered apically than the upper valve and has more distinct teeth along its

tapered part. This species is distinctive in having the abdominal tergites

closely irregularly punctate, rather than granulose or coriaceous.

Female: Antenna 32 segmented. Subapical segments a little longer than

wide. First flagellar segment with two rows of two or three sensillae each.

Malar space 0.25 the basal width of mandible. Interocellar distance equal to

ocellocular distance. Face minutely punctate. Mesopleurum and metapleurum

shiny and with scattered minute punctures. Propodeum subpolished, with a few

scattered punctures laterally. Areola elongate, more pentagonal. Propodeal

carina not strong. Costula faintly indicated, rather weak. Abdomen closely

irregularly punctate. Nervellus intercepted in lower 0.35. Ovipositor as

long as abdomen, its tip with a weak node, long tapered apically.

Blackish-brown. Two small marks on face below antennal sockets,

mandible, hind corner of pronotum, tegula, and apical margins of second and

the following tergites, yellow; these bands wider on succeeding tergites.

Malar space yellowish-brown. Legs yellowish-brown. Hind tibia and tarsus

blackish-brown, with small yellow spots at base of tibia, underneath in middle

of tibia, and at base of first and second trochanteral segments.

Male: Face, clypeus, mandible, and malar space, yellow. Face more

convex and punctate. Scape and pedicel yellow ventrally. Second lateral area

of propodeum a little rough. Costula more prominent than infemale. Tegula

yellow. Fore and middle legs pale-yellow. Hind tibia yellowish-white and only

apically black. Hind femur orange colored. Abdomen rugoso-punctate, with

narrow apical brownish bands. ;

Length: 8mm. Fore wing 7.5mm. Ovipositor 5 mm.

Specimens: Germany: Bremen, 1% (type), ex Psyche viciella, ex Coll.

Pfankuch (Berlin). Poland, 1°, ex Diprion similis, 28-VIII-1938 (Washington).

Specimen reported by Walkley not examined.

Distribution and Hosts: According to Oehlke (1966) this species is Holarc-

tic and has been reported as parasitic on diprionid cocoons (Diprion pini) by

Sitowski (1925) and de Fluiter (1932) in Poland and Netherlands, respectively.

Aubert (1969) reported this species from Germany, Poland and Netherlands,

mentioning the following hosts: Chionodes tvagicella (Gelechiidae), and

Diprion pini L. (Diprionidae). Kasparyan (1977) reported it from European

USSR.

A male, reared from Diprion similis in Poland (U.S.N.M.) has punctate

banded abdomen and is placed here. A female with the same data, however,

has granulose abdomen and is more like D, novita europa, although it has

banded abdomen, which is never the case in noviia.

This species does not occur in the Nearctic Region. The specimen reported

by Walkley as from ''W.Va."' must have come from Europe. This specimen

has not been examined.

5. DELOMERISTA KUSUOI Uchida & Momoi (figs. 10, 11, 12,17, 18)

Delomerista kusuoi Uchida & Momoi, 1957. Insecta Matsumurana, 21(1-2):

10. des., fig. Type ¢, Japan: Kyoto (Sapporo). Examined in 1980.

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 12

This species was described from two females from Kyoto. It is related to

D. pfankuchi Brauns in having a punctate abdomen and a tapered ovipositor with

a subapical nodus. It also has the two yellow subantennal marks on face as in

pfankuchi. D. kusuoi, however, is larger and stouter with body black rather

than brownish, with narrowly red apical bands on abdominal tergites, and pro-

podeum densely punctate and strongly carinate. Other important diagnostic

characters are: 3

Female: Antenna longer, 41-segmented, subapical segments short, and

thick, as long as wide (cf. pfankuchi). Basal flagellar segments with numerous

sensillae. Interocellar distance about 1.3 the ocellocular distance. Face

punctate. Middle lobe of mesoscutum a little elongate anteriorly. Propodeum

densely punctate. Second lateral area rugose. Areola apically tending to be

rugose. Areola well defined, rounded basally and broadly horse-shoe shaped.

Costula distinct and complete, though low as compared to other carinae.

Apical transverse carina bounding the petiolar area very strong. Abdomen

punctate, more strongly so than in pfankuchi.

Black. Antenna ventrally, two triangular spots below antennal sockets,

base of mandible, malar space, tegula, and fore and middle legs, yellowish-

brown. Antenna a little darker. Hind coxa and femur reddish-brown, its

trochanters yellowish-brown, its tibia black dorsally and apically and yellowish

ventrally, its tarsus blackish-brown with base of first segment yellowish-brown.

Hind femur blackish at extreme apex. Abdomen black with narrow, faintly

reddish apical bands, particularly on second to fifth segments. Intersegmental

membranes, where visible (fifth segment onwards), yellow.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 2, 13mm. Fore wing 10.5 mm. Ovipositor 6 mm.

Specimen: Japan: Kyoto (Honshu), 12 (type), 29-X-1955, Kusuo Iwata

(Sapporo).

In the original description the month of collection mentioned is May. There

was also a paratype with the same data, which has not been seen.

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: Japan.

Tl. THE FRIGIDA GROUP

First flagellar segment without sensillae or only one or two present.

Second segment with few sensillae. Malar space 0.4 to 0.5 the basal width of

mandible. Notauli deeper than in Novita Group. Propodeum rough. Petiolar

area rugulose. Areola as long as wide, sometimes longer. Second lateral

area depressed and differently sculptured. Costula indicated by a wrinkled

line. Propodeum with a dorsal flat face, not evenly sloping to apex. Oblique

grooves on second tergite shallower than in Novita Group. Ovipositor tip not

compressed, a little bulbous. Upper valve not nodiform, slightly thicker than

the lower valve and with one or two indentations or ripple-like formations

preapically whence it evenly tapers apically. Lower margin of upper valve

slightly convex to almost straight (in Novita Group concave and less in depth

than lower valve). Ovipositor as long as abdomen or a Little longer.

The American species of this group are similar to and sympatric with the

species of the Novita Group, and have been mixed up with them in the past.

Besides the ovipositor tip, other useful characters are the yellow ventral

aspects of fore femur and tibia and the absence or near absence of sensillae on

the first flagellar segment, and the second segment also with no or fewer sen-

sillae. The European species frigida Kasparyan has wholly reddish fore legs

18 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

and is closely related to the American species, townesorum and walkleyae,

described below as new species.

6. DELOMERISTA FRIGIDA Kasparyan

Delomerista frigida._Kasparyan, 1977. New and Little-known Insects of

European U.S.S.R. Acad. Sci. USSR, 1977: 71. ¢%. key, des., fig.

Type: ¢, Russia (Leningrad). Paratype examined, 1980.

Female:. Face somewhat granuloso-punctate medially. Malar space 0.5

the basal width of mandible. Eye only slightly indented opposite antennal soc-

ket. Thorax as usual, with mesoscutum somewhat hairy and pleural areas

smooth. Metapleurum with minute punctures. Propodeum rugulose in pleural

area, second lateral area and petiolar area; smooth basodorsally. Areola

elongate horse-shoe shaped. Costula represented by depressions and a wavy

line. Abdomen granulose. First tergite more convex and granulose laterally,

its median and lateral carinae somewhat indistinct and confined around its

basal declivity. Ovipositor straight, its tip a little bulbous and evenly sloping.

Ovipositor about 0.75 the length of body and a little longer than the abdomen.

Black. Malar space and mandible yellow. Clypeus blackish-brown. Tegula

black. Hind coxa blackish-brown. Legs reddish-brown. Middle tibia and tar-

sus fuscous. Hind femur and tarsus black. Hind tibia dirty white sub-basally.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 2, 7mm. Fore wing 6mm. Ovipositor 5 mm.

Specimens: Russia: 19, (paratype) (Townes). Germany: Haag Amper,

Ober Bayern, 1%, May 1948 (det. as D. laevis) (Washington).

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: Palaearctic Region: U.S.S.R. and Germany.

7. DELOMERISTA WALKLEYAE, n. sp. (figs. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)

Female: Face subpolished, with distinct minute scattered punctures.

Malar space about 0.45 to 0.5 the basal width of mandible. Eye moderately

indented opposite antennal socket. Thorax as usual for the genus, but meso-

pleurum with scattered minute punctures, which are less evident in smaller

specimens. Propodeum rugulose in pleural area, petiolar area, and in second

lateral area (as in frigida) and smoother basodorsally. Areola horse-shoe

shaped. Costula faintly indicated (fig. 21). Lateral aspect of postpetiole flat

to a little concave, more rugulose rather than granulose. Lateral carina more

prominent than in frigida. Abdominal tergites finely granulose. Oblique

grooves on second tergite weaker. Ovipositor long, about 0.7 as long as body

and longer than abdomen, a little arched in larger specimens.

Black. Malar space and mandible yellowish-white. Clypeus brown. Hind

corner of pronotum black to narrowly yellow. Tegula black. Fore leg largely

blackish (type) with femur and tibia yellow ventrally. Mandible and hind coxae,

trochanters, and femora reddish-brown, and their tibiae and tarsi black.

Middle tibia yellow ventrally. Hind tibia dirty yellow to brownish yellow baso-

ventrally (more often brownish rather than yellow). Hind femur with a narrow

apical fuscous dorsal mark. Abdomen black.

Male: Unknown.

Length: ¢, 8-10 mm. Fore wing 6-7 mm. Ovipositor 5-6 mm.

Holotype °, Alaska: Tsaina River, 17.VUI.1973, H. & M. Townes

(Townes).

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 19

Paratypes: 16°. Alaska: Anchorage, ?, 6 to 12-VII-1976, Peter A. Rush.

Thomson Pass, 2, 15-VIII-1973, H. & M. Townes (Townes). King Salmon,

Naknek River, 12, 19-VII-1952, J. B. Hartley (Ottawa). Northwest Terri-

tories: Mackenzie River Delta, 68° 43°N, 1349 15° W, 22, 18 to 19-VII-1979,

L. Humble (det. D. borealis) (Ottawa). Mackenzie Delta, Raindeer Depot,

12, 10-VII-1948, J. P. Vockeroth (paratype of D. borealis Walkley) (Ottawa).

North Shore of Lac Maunoir, 22, 15-VII-1969, G. E. Shewell (Ottawa).

Kovaluk R., 69° 11°N, 1319 W, 29, 19 to 24-VI-1971, W. R. M. Mason

(Ottawa). Norman Wells, 2, 27-VI-1969, G. E. Shewell (Ottawa). Yukon

Territory: Rampart House, ¢, 20-VII-1951 and 2, 11-VII-1951 (paratypes of

D. borealis Walkley), J. E. H. Martin (Ottawa). Dempster Highway, mile 51,

°, 7 to 12-VII-1973, G. & D. M. Wood (Ottawa). British Columbia: Stone Mt.

Park, 3800+ft., 2°, 12 and 19-VII-1973, H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: Northwestern Nearctic Region. Sympatric with D. borealis,

8. DELOMERISTA TOWNESORUM, n. sp. (figs. 26, 27, 28)

Female: Face subpolished, somewhat leathery,without distinct punctures

or laterally with a few scattered punctures. Malar space 0.3 to 0.4 the basal

width of mandible. Eye shallowly indented opposite antennal socket. Meso-

pleurum polished, with only minute setiferous punctures. Propodeum sub-

polished to a little wrinkled laterally. Areola as is walkleyae, but costula

faint and second lateral area smoother. Nervellus intercepted in upper 0.4.

Abdomen including postpetiole granuloso-mat. Ovipositor straight or a little

upcurved, about as long as the abdomen, and 0.55 to 0.6 as long as the body.

Black. Malar space and mandible yellow. Clypeus brownish-black (some-

times face also like clypeus). Hind corner of pronotum and tegula yellow. All

legs pale yellowish-brown with fore tibia dorsally fuscous and ventrally yellow-

ish. Middle and hind tibiae yellow with dorsal and apical blackish marks.

Middle and hind tarsi black with base of basitarsus yellow.

Male: Face and clypeus yellowish-white. Malar space 0.25 to 0.3 the

basal width of mandible, yellow. Scape andpedicel yellow ventrally, scape

often only narrowly so. Tegula yellow. Nervellus intercepted almost at its

center or inupper 0.45. Fore and middle coxae yellowish-white. Hind femur

reddish-brown with only its apex black marked.

Length: 2,7-10 mm. Fore wing 6-8 mm. Ovipositor 5-6 mm. ©, 7-10

mm. Fore wing 6-8 mm.

Holotype: °, Michigan: Midland County, 21-31-V-1961, R. R. Dreisbach

(Townes).

Paratypes (250°, 229): Michigan: Ann Arbor, 42, 15 to 17-V-1960, 28-V-

1962, 30-V-62, 7-VI-1962, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Schoolcraft Co., %,

8-VI-1960, R. R. Dreisbach. Emmet Co., 5°, “, 27-V-1960, R. R. Dreis-

bach. Charlevois Co., %, 31-V-1960, R. R. Dreisbach (all Townes). Oregon:

Mt. Hood, 5400, %, 24-VII-1978, 20, 20-VII-1978, 19, 26 to 28-VII-78, H. &

M. Townes (Townes). Washington: Mt. Rainier, 2700 ft., 20°, 3°, 11-VII to

16-VIII-1940, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Avizona: Nr. Alpine, 50, 24 to 29-

V-1947, H. & M. Townes (Townes). British Columbia: Robson, ?, 10-VI-1945,

H. R. Foxlee (Townes), ¢, 24-V-1950, H. R. Foxlee (Ottawa). Stone Mt. Park,

3800+ ft., 14%, 12 to 22-VII-1978, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Saskatchewan:

Regina, $, 14-VI-1940, T. B. Rempel (Townes). Saskatoon, 8, 22-VI-1923,

N. J. Atkinson (labelled D. novita) (Ottawa). Ontario: Golden Lake, 2, 9-VI-

1952, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). Jowa: 2, 11-VI-1938, B. Berger (det. D. novita)

20 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

(Washington). Virginia: ?Blacksburg, 19 (labelled D. novita) (Washington).

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: This species is sympatric with D. novita and has been con-

fused with the same in the past. Apparently a widespread species in North

America, as is D. novila.

A large female from Washington: Mt.Rainier, approaches D, walkleyae

in facial punctures, pleural punctures, but otherwise agrees with townesorum.

Similarly a male from Emmet Co., Michigan, has black scape and pedicel,

but otherwise resemble the males of ftownesorum.

C. THE JAPONICA GROUP

Basal flagellar segments with sensillae. Propodeum short and slanting,

with a short dorsal face (figs. 29, 34,41). In profile view evenly sloping from

base to apex (fig. 40). Areola broadly triangular, or semicircularly arched.

Region of costula linearly depressed and wrinkled, with an appearance of a

carina, though costula often faint to indistinct. Apical transverse carina

strongly arched and petiolar area occupying the apical half of propodeum.

Petiolar area subpolished and with a few rugosities. First tergite widened

basally, almost parallel-sided, or a little flanged at the junction of dorsal

and lateral carinae towards base; this segment comparatively thinner and more

compressed than in species of groups A and B. Median dorsal carinae not very

distinct on postpetiole. Upper valve of ovipositor tip a little bulbous and

widened, its apical slope abrupt, the sloping portion demarcated by two little

humps on the dorsal valve, and about as long as the width of ovipositor at this

point (which is the maximum width of the ovipositor). Ovipositor tip demar-

cated from the rest of ovipositor by a weak constriction, which appears char-

acteristic of the group. Line of junction of upper and lower valves straight.

Upper and lower valves of equal depth. Apical ridges on lower valve reclining,

while the basal ones inclining. Ovipositor about 0.79 the length of abdomen.

This group includes three closely related species: D. japonica Cushman

from Japan and USSR, D. diprionis Cushman from North America, and

D, indica, n. sp. from the Himalayan mountains of India. The former two

species have often been synonymized or considered subspecies of each other.

A key to these species is not very satisfactory because of certain overlapping

characters. Reference should therefore be made to the diagrams and descrip-

tions of the ovipositor tips (figs. 33,38,39 and 44), to the shape of the propo-

deum (figs. 29, 34,40 and 41), and also to the nature of the first tergite, malar

space and nervellus, to separate the species.

9. DELOMERISTA DIPRIONIS Cushman (figs. 34-38)

Delomerista diprionis Cushman, 1939. J. Washington Acad. Sci., 29: 398.

Oo, 2. Type 2, Canada: Oakville, Ontario (Washington). Examined in

1980. Hosts: Diprion spp., Neodriprion spp.

Delomerista japonica Cushman: Walkley, 1960. Jn Townes and Townes:

Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 216(2): 367. Syn. in part.

Delomerista japonica diprionis Cushman: Carlson, 1979. In Krombein

et al. : Catalog of Hymenoptera north of Mexico, 1: 349.

Biology: Furniss & Dowden, 1941: 49-51. Griffiths, 1960: 656. Torger-

sen, 1969: 60.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1960: 25 (larva). Short, 1978: 25, 174 (larva).

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 21

This species was synonymized with D. japonica Cushman by Walkley

(1960). The types have been examined as well as other material of the two

taxa. In my opinion, the two species are related but distinct. Although

diprionis shows a great degree of variability, it can be separated from japonica

by the combination of characters mentioned above.

This species has been reared in North America on a number of hosts,

belonging to the genera Diprion, Gilpina and Neodiprion. The variations could

not be correlated either with the host associations or with the distribution of

the species, and therefore D. diprionis is considered to be a polymorphic and

widely distributed species in the Nearctic Region. The larval head (fig. 64) is

somewhat different from that of japonica (fig. 65).

Female: Head wider than long. Face a little convex and punctate. In

smaller-sized specimens face with a few longitudinal striations medially.

Orbital areas smooth. Clypeus smooth. Malar space 0.6 to 0.7 the basal

width of mandible. Frons and vertex smooth. Mesoscutum evenly convex,

with minute setiferous punctures. Scutellum also with minute setiferous punc-

tures. Pronotum smooth. Mesopleurum with a few minute and scattered punc-

tures but more shiny than mesoscutum. Metapleurum shiny but with minute and

denser punctures, more so than on mesopleurum or mesoscutum. (In speci-

mens from Alaska and British Columbia, the metapleurum is variable from

smooth to a little rugulose). Propodeum variable. Areola varying from tri-

angular to wider and more semicircularly arched or crescentic in outline.

Costula faint to distinct (even paratypes from same host and locality vary).

Propodeum smooth baso-dorsally, somewhat punctate laterally, and petiolar

area usually rugulose or with a few rugosities. Second lateral area often

depressed and punctate. Propodeum in profile appearing short and abruptly

sloping, with dorsal face short, less than half the length of propodeum, and

apical slope nearly vertical. Nervellus intercepted at lower 0.3. First tergite

rather stocky and thicker medially, with its dorsomedian carinae making an

angle of 45° with the horizontal axis. Its lateral carina either interrupted in

the region of spiracle, or faded out apically. Area between lateral carina and

ventral carinae wider and rough, tending to be rugose. Juction of lateral and

median carinae not conspicuously flanged out. Basal declivity of first tergite

dull. Central raised area of postpetiole granulose and laterally rugulose. All

abdominal tergites coarsely granulose. Ovipositor tip (fig. 38) thicker and with

a convex even apical slope. Upper valve a little widened preapically. In pro-

file view ovipositor appears more parallel-sided and without a preapical con-

striction as seen in japonica (fig. 39).

Black. Mandible, malar space, hind corner of pronotum and tegula,

yellowish-white. Clypeus brown to black. Legs reddish-brown to yellowish-

brown, with hind femur just apically, hind tibia except for an elongate white

baso-ventral mark and hind tarsus (except for a white basal mark), black.

Fore coxae sometimes brownish. Fore and middle tibia whitish ventrally and

faintly blackish dorsally, though often more uniformly brownish. Hind tibia

_ sometimes largely black but always with a yellowish-white basal annulus.

Color of tegula variable from yellow to black.

Male: Face and propodeum a little more dull rugulose. Scape and pedicel

yellow. Face yellowish white. Malar space yellow and about 0.3 the basal

width of mandible. Fore and middle legs yellow with dorsal fuscous marks on

femur, tibia and tarsus. Hind trochanters yellow. Hind femur reddish-brown.

Rest of coloration and sculpture as in female. Tegula usually yellow.

Variations: The majority of specimens reared from Diprion, as well as

from Neodiprion, show pale yellow tegula and hind tibia white or pale yellow on

22 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

the underside, rather than this color confined to base. Usually specimens

reared from Neodiprion are smaller than those reared from Diprion. Speci-

mens from Quebec generally have hind tibia brownish-black except at base.

Specimens from British Columbia, Northwest Territory and Yukon Terri-

tory show a tendency of having brownish-black tegula and specimens from

Alaska, as well as from British Columbia mountains have a wholly black tegula.

Usually all coxae are reddish-brown, but often specimens from Alaska as well

as from British Columbia show black or blackish fore coxae and hind tibia and

tarsus wholly black or only their bases white.

In smaller-sized specimens reared from Neodiprion in Ontario, the costula

is absent and propodeum is more shiny, with only a faint depression in the

second lateral area. In larger sized specimens from Ontario, reared from

Diprion similis, the costula is marked by a distinct crease with second lateral

area depressed and punctate.

Length: 2, 4.5-10 mm. Fore wing 4-7 mm. Ovipositor 3-4mm. ¢,

4-8mm. Fore wing 3.5-6 mm.

Specimens: Several males and females from the Nearctic Region as follows:

Alaska (Anchorage, Richardson Highway,at Mi 249, Taku Harbor, Union Bay);

Alberta (Miette Valley, Jasper Park); British Columbia (Awun River, Allard

Lake, Clinton, Cottonwood, Goderich, Lac la Hache, Maynard Lake, Revel-

stoke, Sayward, Victoria, Robson); California (Fish Camp, Sherwood, Straw-

berry); Connecticut (New Haven); Idaho (Fairfield); Manitoba (Aweme, Sand

Hills); New Brunswick (Fredricton); New Hampshire (Mt. Madison); New

Jersey (Moorestown); New York (Watson); North Carolina (Clingmans Dome,

Mt. Mitchell); Northwest Territories (North Shore of Lac Maunoir, Norman

Wells, McConnell, Kovaluk River, Raindeer Depot, Tuktoyaktuk); Nova Scotia

(Liscombe River, Lum Co.); Ontario (Biscotasing, Cobden, Constance Bay,

Grand Bend, Hawk Lake, Merivale, Oakville, Renfrew, Southampton, Sydney);

Quebec (Church Cr., Cumshewa Inlet, Brome, Great Whale River, Georgeville,

Knob Lake, Laniel, Montreal, Norway Bay); Washington (Mt. Rainier, 4700 ft.,

Snoqualmie Pass); Wisconsin (Gibson Lake, Gordon, Polk Co.); Yukon Tervi-

tory (Dempster Highway at mile 37, Herschel Island, White Horse).

Specimens reported by Walkley from Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon,

and Vermont were not seen by me.

Hosts: Diprion similis, Diprion polytomum, Gilpina frutetorum, G. her-

cyniae, Neodiprion lecontei, N. nanulus nanulus, N. pratti banksianae,

N. sertifer, N. tsugae, N. abietes.

The larval head is figured in fig. 64.

Distribution: Widespread in northern North America.

10. DELOMERISTA JAPONICA Cushman (figs. 29-33, 39)

Delomerista japonica Cushman, 1937, Insecta Matsumurana, 12: 35.

o, &. des. Type °, Japan: Nagawa-Mura, Nagano-ken (Washington).

Examined in 1980. Host: Diprion nipponicus.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1960: 367 (in part). Kasparyan, 1977: 73 (in part).

Morphology: Short, 1978: 25,175 (larva).

This species is extremely similar to D. diprionis and the two were con-

sidered synonymous by Walkley, and as subspecies by Carlson (1979). The

nature of the ovipositor tip (figs. 38,39) is different in the two: in japonica

the tip is with an abrupt apical slope and with a preapical constriction. The

differences in the two subspecies are rather subtle, but the combination of

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 23

characters mentioned in above should distinguish the two, as well as the

related D, indica. Larval head as in figure 65.

Male and Female: Malar space 0.33 to 0.45 the basal width of mandible.

Face a little more strongly arched and punctate than diprionis specimens of

the same size. Mesoscutum somewhat subpolished, leathery. Mesopleurum

and metapleurum smoother and more polished. Propodeal areola more hex-

agonal in outline. In profile view, propodeum rather evenly convex and with a

convex Slope. Dorsal face of propodeum about half the length of propodeum,

apical slope more inclined rather than vertical. First tergite thinner in depth,

with dorsomedian carinae making an angle of 30° with the horizontal axis.

Lateral carina complete to apex and area between it and ventral carina narrow

and granulose to rugose. Junction of lateral and median carinae conspicuously

flanged out. Basal declivity of first tergite smoother and shiny. Central

raised area of postpetiole flat and rugulose. Abdomen more rugulose rather

than granulose, more often ruguloso-granulose. Ovipositor tip small, tapered,

in profile view a little widened preapically (fig. 33), somewhat bulbous and then

abruptly sloping to a point. Upper valve with a straight and short slope.

Color essentially similar to that of D. diprionis. Fore leg usually

yellowish-brown and a little lighter in color than middle and hind legs. Hind

femur with only a faint infuscate apical mark. Sometimes tegula and apex of

hind femur brownish.

Length: ¢, 8-9mm. Fore wing 6.5-7 mm. Ovipositor 3.5-4 mm.

o, 8-9 mm. Fore wing 6.5-7 mm.

Specimens: Japan: Nagawa-Mura, Nagano-ken, 2 (type) Jan. -March 1937

(Washington). Same locality, $, °, (Washington). Kamikochi,Japan, “, 38,

July 22 to 23, 1954, Townes family (Townes).

Host: Diprion nipponicus.

Distribution: Eastern Palaearctic Region: Japan. Kasparyan (1977)

reported it also from USSR.

11. DELOMERISTA INDICA, n. sp. (figs. 40-46)

Male and Female: Face a little protuberant medially, punctate. Clypeus

flat, subpolished. Malar space 0.5 the basal width of mandible. Frons, ver-

tex, occiput and temple subpolished, shiny, with vertex posteriorly and temple

sparsely hairy. Interocellar distance equal to the ocellocular distance. Meso-

scutum and scutellum mat, evenly convex, with minute setiferous punctures.

Side of thorax shiny. Metapleurum with a few distinct scattered punctures

and area near hind coxa rugose. Propodeum subpolished, with irregular punc-

tures laterally on pleural areas and scattered rugosities on lateral area and

petiolar area. Areola more squarish or triangular, with lateral carinae semi-

circularly arched. Costula interrupted, represented by a linear wrinkled line.

Propodeum depressed in this area. Nervellus intercepted at the middle, with

some specimens showing variations: intercepted a little above or below the

middle. Abdomen finely granulose to granuloso-coriaceous; apical margins

and terminal tergites mat. First tergite evenly arched (fig. 42), depressed

medially, its dorsomedian carinae not very distinct and bordering a shallow

basal declivity, which is dull and granuloso-mat. Lateral carina just above

spiracle complete, moderately flanged out basally, and area below it rugulose.

Central depression on postpetiole granulose, bordered by rugosities (granuloso-

rugose). Ovipositor tip evenly tapering and not very bulbous (fig. 44), the

upper valve a little heavier near tip and with an even convex slope, as in

D, diprionis.

Female color: Black. Malar space, mandible except teeth, hind corner

24 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

of pronotum, tegula (except for a black apical spot), and wing bases, yellow.

Legs reddish-brown with trochanters and stripes on anteroventral aspects of

fore and middle femora and ventral region of basal 0.75 of hind tibia, yellow.

Apex of hind femur, hind tibia otherwise, and hind tarsus black. Apical tarsal

seement of fore and middle legs darker.

Male color: Face, clypeus, mandible except teeth, yellow. Scape and

pedicel yellow ventrally. Hind corner of pronotum and tegula yellow. Fore

and middle coxae and their trochanters yellow, their tibiae and femora marked

with brownish, apical tarsal segments darker. Hind coxa and femur reddish-

brown, hind trochanters yellow, hind tibia and tarsi black with tibia ventrally

(except at apex) and base of first tarsal segment, yellow.

Length: 2, 8.5to9.5 mm. Fore wing 7.5-8 mm. Ovipositor 3.5-4 mm,

o, 8-9 mm. Fore wing 7-8 mm. |

Holotype:2, India: Himachal Pradesh: Dhenkund (near Dalhousie), 2743 m,

25-IX-1971, Coll. Gulati. (Gupta).

Allotype:%, same data, Coll. Tulsi, DJD-168 (Gupta).

Pavatypes: Several %, ¢. India: Himachal Pradesh (Dalhousie, 2132 m,

Dhenkund 2743 m, Ahla 2286 m, Kalatop 2488 m, Khajiar,1828 m,all localities

in Dalhousie Hills, collected from May to October 1971 and July 1965.)

(Gupta).

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: India: Mountains of Himachal Pradesh.

D. THE MANDIBULARIS GROUP

Basal flagellar segments with fewer to several sensillae (fig. 55-62).

Malar space 0.4 to 0.6 the basal width of mandible (except in laevis, where it

is 1.0 to 1.2). In males malar space 0. 33 to 0.4 the basal width of mandible

(in laevis 0.8). Propodeum convex; in profile view (fig. 50,54) with basal

part convex and apical part abruptly sloping, almost vertically so. Costula

faint to indistinct. Propodeum generally granulose to rugulose in pleural

area, second lateral area and petiolar area. Often petiolar area with a few

wrinkles. First tergite convex, with lateral carina distinct and usually com-

plete. Median carinae usually distinct to the dorsal hump and then weak. Ovi-

positor stout. Upper valve heavy (figs. 47-49, 51-53) and occupying the greater

part of the depth of ovipositor, except in D. longicauda, where the tip is nar-

rowed preapically and ovipositor is twice as long as the abdomen. Ridges on

lower valve vertical to a little inclined. Basal three ridges strongly inclined.

Upper and lower valves of ovipositor meeting in an arched line and ina slant.

Ovipositor 0.8 to 1.0 as long as abdomen (2.0 in longicauda), usually slightly

arched upwards or bent downwards.

This group includes five species: Delomerista longicauda (with ovipositor

2.0 the length of abdomen), D, laevis (malar space long, 0.8 to 1.2 the man-

dible width), D. stvandi (ovipositor very stout and straight), D. mandibularis

(= gelida, ovipositor slightly curved upwards), and D. masoni (ovipositor bent

downwards and costula strong).

12. DELOMERISTA MANDIBULARIS (Gravenhorst) (figs. 48, 49, 50, 59, 60)

Pimpla mandibularis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichneumonologia europaea,

3: 180. %. Lectotype (labelled by Perkins, 1936, designated by

Oehlke, 1967). ¢, Poland: Breslau (Wroclaw). Specimens det.

Perkins and Kasparyan examined, 1980.

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 25

Ephialtes albicinctus Desvignes, 1862. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1: 226.

Oo. des. Type°%, ?Great Britain (London). Name preoccupied. Syn.

after Fitton (1978). Examined, 1981.

Ephialtes desvignesit Marshall, 1870. Ichneumonidum Britannicorum

Catalogus, p. 20. New name for Ephialtes albicinctus Desvignes.

Delomerista gelida Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes: U. S. Natl.

Mus., Bull. 216(2): 366. 2. des. fig. Type °, N.W.T.: Cameron Bay,

Great Bear Lake (Washington). Examined, 1980. New synonym.

Paratypes from Sask: Waskesiu, Quebec: Great Whale River.

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1967: 34. Aubert, 1969: 99. Fitton, 1976: 326. Fitton,

1978: 14. Kasparyan, 1977: 74.

The Lectotype locality mentioned by Oehlke (1967), who designated the

lectotype, is Breslau (=Wroclaw), while Kasparyan mentions Warmbrunn as

the Lectotype locality. Gravenhorst had specimens from both the localities.

The type of Ephialtes albicinctus Desv. has a label by Perkins (1933) mention-

ing its synonymy with D. mandibularis Grav. This synonymy was never

published by him. Fitton (1978) first published this synonymy.

Female: Firstand second flagellar segments with few sensillae (fig. 59, 60).

Face convex medially and with scattered punctures ona shiny surface. Sometimes

puncturesa littledenser. Clypeus smooth andflat. Malar space 0. 5 the basal width

of mandible. Mesoscutum subpolished with setiferous punctures. Side of thorax

polished and with minute scattered setiferous punctures. Propodeum smooth dorsal-

ly and rugulose laterally and inthe petiolar area. Second lateral area depressed and

rough. Areola smooth, horse-shoe shaped, sometimes a Little squarish or pentagon-

al. Costula faintly indicated byabrokencarina. Seeninprofile, propodeum witha

convex slope (fig. 50). Nervellus intercepted below the middle. Abdomen including

median area of postpetiole granulose. Firsttergiteas infig. 50, with dorsal and lat-

eral carinae distinct and ruguloso-coriaceous on side. Ovipositor stout, of uniform

width, and preapically slightly curved upwards, aslongasabdomen. Ovipositor tip

a little widened (fig. 48, 49), with dorsal valve occupying nearly 2/3 of the depth of ovi-

positor near apex, while the lowervalve a occupying 2/3 of the depth of ovipositor

near base (the two valves meeting ina slant).

Black. Malar space, mandible, andhind corner of pronotum, yellowish-white.

Tegula black, though often narrowly to partly yellowish-white. Legs dark reddish-

brown to orange-brown, with fore leg partly to largely brownish in American popula-

tions. Hindtibiaandtarsus black. Apex ofhindfemur oftenblack. Middle tibia and

tarsus reddish-brownto blackish-brown. Fore coxa brownish-black in Swedish spe-

cimens also.

Male: Face yellowish-white, smoother or a little rugulose in larger speci-

mens. Malar space yellow, 0.3 to 0.4 the basal width of mandible. Scape and

pedicel yellow ventrally, or black. Propodeal carinae strong. Costula faint

to obsolete. Areola elongate. Tegula yellow. Fore and middle legs largely

pale yellow, with their femora and tibiae and tarsi brownish dorsally. Hind

coxa, trochanter and femur reddish-brown. Trochanters often yellow ventrally.

Hind femur sometimes apically black marked. Hind tibia and tarsus blackish-

brown dorsally, with tibia ventrally largely yellowish-white in the middle.

Postpetiole rugose. Abdominal tergites granuloso-mat.

Length: ¢, 8.5to9.5mm. Fore wing 7-8 mm. Ovipositor 6.5-7.5 mm.

Oo, 6-9 mm. Fore wing 5-8 mm.

Specimens examined: 1°, ?England, type of E. albicinctus (London).

England: Newton Abbot, °, 8-VI-1941, as mandibularis by Perkins), J. F.

Perkins (Washington). Russia, “, ?, from Betula, 18-V-1890 (det. as mandi-

bularis by Kasparyan) (Townes). Germany: Siegmundung, , 7-VI-1919 (det.

26 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

as mandibularis by Habermehl) (Ottawa). Northwest Territories: Cameron

Bay, Great Bear Lake, ¢ (type of D. gelida Walkley), 1-VII-1957, T. N.

Freeman (Washington). Quebec: Great Whale River, ¢, 20-VII-1949 (para-

type of D. gelida) (Ottawa).Saskatchewan: Waskesiu, %, ¢, 20-VI-1938, J. G.

Rempel (2 paratype of gelida) (Townes). In addition 28% and 22° from the fol-

lowing localities: British Columbia (Hixon, Ft. Nelson, Racing River, Stone

Mt. Park); Alaska (Anchorage, Delta Junction, Tsaina River); Quebec (Great

Whale River) ,Saskatchewan(Conquest); Northwest Territories (Normal Well,

Kovaluk River, Tuktoyaktuk), Yukon Territory (Dawson), and Sweden (Messaure,

SkAne).

Only males from the following states: Arizona (near Alpine), Alberta

(Banff), California (Leevining), where they occur sympatrically with D. masoni

or D. townesorum. The males show variations and their identities are not

very clear.

In addition, Walkley also reported this species from Ontario, Colorado,

New York and Pennsylvania. Those specimens were not examined.

Hosts: Euura amerinae and Strongylogaster sp. (Tenthredinidae) in Europe.

Distribution: Holarctic. In the Nearctic Region apparently restricted to

Northern and Northwestern parts.

13. DELOMERISTA STRANDI (Ulbricht) (figs. 47, 54, 57, 58)

Pimpla strandi Ulbricht, 1911. Arch. Naturgsch., 77: 149. §&.

Lectotype (designated by Oehlke, 1967), °, ''Norvegia, E., Coll.

Strand, Rosvana" (Berlin). Examined in 1980.

Delomerista strandi: Oehlke, 1967. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova

editio),2: 34. Kasparyan, 1977: 74. Russia.

Female: Face centrally a little rugulose and punctate. Malar space 0.5

to 0.6 the basal width of mandible. Basal flagellar segments with fewer

hairs and with several sensillae (figs. 57,58). Frons, vertex and temple

smoother. Thorax dull, hairy. Mesoscutum with close setiferous punctures,

particularly on the middle lobe. Mesopleurum with scattered punctures,

smoother in smaller-sized specimens. Metapleurum partly to largely rugu-

lose. Pleural area of propodeum rugulose. Second lateral area rugulose and

depressed. Rest of propodeum smoother but with a few wrinkles around

carinae. Areola elongate, somewhat pentagonal in outline. Costula incomplete.

In profile, propodeum as in fig. 54. First tergite strongly convex (fig. 54),

rugulose to rugose laterally, its median carinae weak beyond the dorsal hump.

Its lateral carina strong throughout. Abdomen finely granulose. Ovipositor

stout, straight and compressed, its upper valve very wide (fig. 47), and occu-

pying almost 2/3 the apical depth of ovipositor. Ovipositor narrow basally and

widened apically (1:1.5), the line of junction of the upper and lower valves

running obliquely from base to apex of ovipositor. Teeth on lower valve ver-

tical, with basal 3-4 teeth inclined. Ovipositor about 0.8 as long as abdomen.

Black. Malar space and mandible yellow. Tegula black. Legs reddish-

brown with hind tibia and tarsus black. Fore and middle tarsi brownish-black.

Middle tibia fuscous dorsally (legs in type-specimen from Europe a little

paler). Fore coxa and trochanter brownish in the lectotype and in a few

American specimens). Clypeus brown. Sometimes mandible brown rather than

yellow. Hind tibia varying from pale brown to blackish brown. Wings with a

purple iridescence in specimens from Mackenzie River Delta, which are also

larger and stouter specimens.

Male: Unknown.

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 27

Length:?, 7-11mm. Fore wing 5-8 mm. Ovipositor 4-6 mm.

The Lectotype, which is a smaller-sized specimen, has the face smoother,

dull and not distinctly punctate. Otherwise similar to other specimens.

Specimens: "Norvegia, E. Ros Vania’, Coll. Strand. ? (lectotype)

(Berlin) (A cotype of this species is actually a specimen of D. laevis Graven-

horst). Alaska:. mile 28, Richardson Highway, ¢, (det. D. gelida by Walkley),

27-VII-1951, W.R.M. Mason (Ottawa). British Columbia: Stone Mt. Park,

3800+ft., 2, 13-VII-1973, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Alberta: Jasper, 9,

26-VII-1949, C. P. Alexander (Townes). This specimen has longer (0. 8)

malar space). Northwest Territories: Mackenzie River Delta, 68° 43°N.,

1349 15° W., 32, 18 to 29-VII-1979, L. Humble (Ottawa) (det. as D. borealis

in 1980). Norman Wells, 2, 29-VI-1969, S. E. Shewell (Ottawa). Yukon

Territory: mile 87 on Dempster Highway, ¢, 18 to 28-VII-1971, G. & D. M.

Wood (Ottawa).

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: Holarctic Region. In the Nearctic Region, apparently con-

fined to the Northwestern parts.

14. DELOMERISTA MASONI, n. sp.

This species has apparently been confused with Delomerista gelida =

mandibularis in the past, as some specimens from Alaska and British Colum -

bia, in Canadian National Collection, Ottawa bear determination label of

D, gelida Walkley. It can be readily separated from gelida =mandibularis

by the nature of the ovipositor, tegula, propodeum, etc.

Female: Head wide, punctate. Eye moderately deeply notched. Malar

space 0.4 to 0.5 the basal width of mandible. Basal flagellar segments with

sensillae. Mesoscutum subpolished, with numerous setiferous punctures.

Side of thorax polished and with minute setiferous punctures on mesopleurum

and metapleurum; those on metapleurum a little coarser than on mesopleurum.

Pleural area of propodeum irregularly punctate. Propodeum dorsally smoother

and shiny. Areola semicircularly rounded. Costula strong and distinct. All

propodeal carinae strong. Petiolar area subpolished with weak rugulosities

around carinae. Nervellus intercepted in lower 0.3. First tergite short,

humped dorsally, where median carinae angled and getting weaker. Lateral

carina distinct throughout. Abdomen granulose, with postpetiole laterally

and basomedian area of second tergite rugose. Ovipositor 0.8 the length of

abdomen, widened apically from base, with a weak median bend.

Black. Malar space, mandible, hind corner of pronotum, and tegula

yellowish-white. Antenna and clypeus brownish. Legs reddish-brown, with

hind tibia and tarsus largely black. Hind tibia with a basal and ventral yellow .

mark. Hind tarsus with a basal yellow ring. Fore femur and tibia and middle

tibia yellowish ventrally.

Male: Scape and pedicel ventrally yellowish-white. Flagellum brown.

Face, clypeus, mandible and malar space yellowish-white. Fore and middle

legs and hind trochanters, tegula, and hind corner of pronotum yellowish-

white. Hind coxa and femur yellowish-brown. Apex of hind femur narrowly

black, or hind femur wholly yellowish-brown. Hind tibia and tarsus with black

marks and yellow ventrally. Malar space 0.3 the basal width of mandible.

Nervellus intercepted at lower 0.4 to upper 0.4. Dorsal carina of first tergite

usually strong to apex of tergite. Costula present. Propodeal carinae like

those in female.

Variations: This species is rather close to D. stvandi from the northern

latitudes and some specimens of it approach that species. The chief differences

being its yellow tegula, hind tibia not wholly black, costula of propodeum strong

28 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

and complete and propodeum dorsally smoother. However, there are some

specimens where the costula appears a little weak, but complete, second lateral

area rugulose, hind leg more extensively black, and tegula may have a black

spot. In these specimens, generally, the apex of hind femur is also black or

blackish, which is not the case in strvandi, and usually there is a basal yellow

ring on hind tarsus and tibia. The shape of areola is also variable, being a

little elongate and not semicircular in some specimens.

Length: ¢, 9-11 mm. Fore wing 5.5-8.5 mm. Ovipositor 4 -5.5 mm.

o, 9-10 mm. Fore wing 6-8 mm.

Holotype:?, Michigan: Ann Arbor, 30-V- 1962, H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Paratypes: New York: Ithaca, 12, 3-V-1936, H. K. Townes. Pennsylvania:

Spring Brook, ?, 8-VI-1945, H. & K. Townes. Nebraska: Valentine Refuge,

20°, 29, 7-VI-1972, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Ontario: Chaffeys Locks, ¢

(face narrower), 21-VI-1975, J. Belwood (Townes). Ottawa, %, (det. gelida by

Walkley), 29-V-1941, G. S. Walley. Ovegon: Pinehurst, 2, 2-VII-1978. H. &

M. Townes (Townes). 7% from Ochoco Creek, Hyatt Reservoir, Mt. Hood,

June-July 1978, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Colorado: Gould, 1°, 6-VIII-

1974, H. & M. Townes. Avizona: 15%, near Alpine, Oak Cr. Canyon.

(Townes).

Distribution: Nearctic Region, New York to Rocky Mountains.

15. DELOMERISTA LAEVIS (Gravenhorst) (figs. 52, 61, 62)

Pimpla laevis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichneumonologia europeaea,3: 180.

2. Type 2, Piemont, Italy (Wroclaw).

Pimpla texana Cresson, 1870, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 3: 145. &.

Type ¢, Texas (Philadelphia). Homotype examined in Townes

Collection, 1980. Synonymized by Oehlke, 1966.

Pimpla laevifrons Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent., 8: 750. %, 2.

Lectotype (labelled by Aubert, 1968) 2, ''Norl'’ (Lund). Synonymized

with texana by Townes, 1944.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1960: 365. Oehlke, 1966: 816. Aubert,1979: 73.

This species is rather characteristic in having a smooth face, convex

clypeus, convex temple and malar space about as long or longer than the basal

width of mandible. The ovipositor tip (fig. 52) assigns it to the Mandibularis

Group.

Female: Basal two flagellar segments hairy and with very few sensillae.

Head a little narrowed ventrally. Malar space 1.0 to 1.2 as long as the basal

width of mandible, longest among the species of Delomerista. Clypeus basally

convex, smooth. Face smooth, subpolished, with a few minute scattered punc-

tures. Frons, vertex and temple smooth. Temple slightly more convex and

wider than in other species. Thorax subpolished. Mesopleurum smoother

than in other species, with only minute scattered punctures. Metapleurum

finely granular, at least on apical half. Propodeum granulose in pleural area,

second lateral area, and in petiolar area. Areola elongate, roughly triangular,

narrowed and rounded basally. Costula faintly indicated or partly indistinct.

Nervellus intercepted at lower 0.33 to 0.5. First tergite angled dorsally,

where median carinae almost end. Lateral carina more or less complete.

Postpetiole laterally granuloso-rugose. Abdomen finely granular with apical

tergites becoming shagreened or coriaceous. Ovipositor stout, short, 0.7to

0.8 the length of abdomen, tip heavy, thick, (fig. 52).

Black. Malar space and mandible pale yellow. Clypeus brownish. Tegula

black, sometimes partly yellow. Legs reddish-brown with apices of hind femur

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 29

and tibia and all tarsi fuscous to black. Color of hind tibia varying from wholly

black to wholly reddish-brown (particularly in European specimens). Wings

lightly clouded (European specimens) or darker fuscous (American specimens).

Apical fuscous marks on hind femur often light to absent.

Male: Face black with whitish marks on sides (face of males of other

species wholly yellowish-white). Clypeus yellowish-white. Coxae black.

Trochanters fuscous. Propodeum wholly granulose. Costula usually distinct.

Abdomen more shagreened and coriaceous than granulose.

Length: 2, 7.5to10.5mm. Fore wing 6.0-9.0 mm. Ovipositor 5.0-6.0

mm. o, 5.5-9.9 mm. Fore wing 4.5-8.0 mm.

Specimens: Europe: ''Norvegia E., Hemnesberget Ranen’’, 12 (cotype of

D. strandi), 13-VII-1903, Coll. Strand (Berlin). Several males and females

from Alaska, British Columbia, Manitoba, Maine, New Hampshire, Quebec,

Northwest Territory, and Yukon Territory.

Host: Aubert (1969) mentions Rhyacionia buoliana as a host.

Distribution: Europe.

16. DELOMERISTA LONGICAUDA Kasparyan

This species is characterized by having a very long ovipositor, which is

about 2.0 as long as abdomen and longer than the body length. The ovipositor

tip is also characteristic (fig. 53). The ovipositor tip places it under the

Mandibularis Group.

Female: First flagellar segment with few sensillae (fig. 55). Face wider

than long, smooth, subpolished, with a few indistinct scattered punctures.

Malar space 0.5+ the basal width of mandible. Clypeus flat, smooth. Frons,

vertex and temple smooth. Thorax subpolished. Mesoscutum more hairy than

mesopleurum and metapleurum, which are beset with scattered setiferous

punctures. Propodeum subpolished, finely rugulose apicolaterally, or largely

smooth and shiny. Pleural area of propodeum rugulose. Areola horse-shoe

shaped, often open basally or apically, smooth. Costula indistinct. Second

lateral area of propodeum a little depressed, smooth to somewhat wrinkled.

Petiolar area smooth or with a few wrinkles. Nervellus intercepted at lower

0.3. First tergite 1.5 to 1.75 as long as wide, evenly convex dorsally, finely

granuloso-rugulose to shagreened, its lateral carina weak, but distinct beyond

the spiracle, its median carinae weak. Second and third tergites shagreened to

granulose. Apical tergites shagreened to coriaceous. Ovipositor long, about

2.0 as long as abdomen, and longer than the body, curved upwards, more so in

apical 0.2. Its tip demarcated by a shallow constriction (fig. 53), swollen

preapically, with upper valve wider and with a long apical slope.

Two subspecies are recognized: Delomerista longicauda longicauda

Kasparyan from USSR and D. longicauda americana from North America.

The two differ mainly in coloration of legs and tegula, and also show minor

differences in the sculpture of propodeum and abdomen.

Key to the subspecies of Delomerista longicauda

1. Tegula black. Legs including hind femur, yellowish-brown. Hind tibia

and tarsus fuscous. Propodeum subpolished and finely rugulose in

petiolar and second lateral area. Basal three abdominal tergites

granulose. USSR. ... 16a. longicauda longicauda Kasparyan (p. 30)

30 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

Tegula yellow. Legs yellowish-brown but fore leg brownish-black.

Middle and hind legs beyond trochanters blackish-brown (blackish marks

on middle and hind femur varying in extent). Propodeum shiny with

second lateral area and petiolar area largely smooth. Basal three

abdominal tergites finely ruguloso-granulose, leaning toward shagreened.

North America. .... 16b. longicauda americana, n. subsp. (p. 30)

16a. DELOMERISTA LONGICAUDA LONGICAUDA Kasparyan

Delomerista longicauda Kasparyan, 1973. Zool. J., 52: 1877. ¢. des.

fig. Type ¢, Russia (Leningrad). Paratype examined, 1980.

Taxonomy: Kasparyan, 1977: 72. .

Female: A paratype from Russia has been examined and the chief diag-

nostic features are given in the key to subspecies. The first tergite is stocky

and its lateral carina is indistinct in the specimen before me.

| Distribution: Russia.

16b. DELOMERISTA LONGICAUDA AMERICANA, n. subsp. (figs. 53, 55, 56)

Female: Characterised as inthe key. Black. Malar space, mandible,

hind corner of pronotum, and tegula, whitish-yellow. Fore leg brownish-black

with yellow marks on underside of femur, tibia, and trochanters. Middle coxa

and trochanters yellowish-brown. Middle femur, tibia and tarsus fuscous.

Tibia often yellowish marked. Hind coxa, trochanters, and base of femur

yellowish-brown. Femur otherwise, tibia and tarsus blackish-brown. Base

of tibia and tarsus yellowish-white.

Male: Face white, about 1.5 as wide as long, shiny, with minute punc-

tures. Malar space black, 0.33 the basal width of mandible. Scape and

pedicel black. Propodeum subpolished, finely rugulose around carinae.

Abdomen mat to shagreened. Postpetiole with a median depression.

Median carinae on first tergite indistinct. Fore coxa white. Middle and

hind coxae brownish. Fore and middle femora, tibiae and tarsi fuscous

marked, with a white base color. Hind femur usually largely black or

blackish, though the extent variable. Hind tibia black with a ventral white

mark. Hind tarsus black.

Length: ¢, 8-10 mm, Fore wing 6.5-9 mm. Ovipositor 8-1ll m.

$, 1-8 mm. Fore wing 6-7 mm.

Holotype 2, Alaska: Anchorage, 6 to 12-VII-1976, Peter A. Rush

(Townes).

Paratypes: Alaska: Anchorage, °, 25 to 30-VI-1976; “, 11 to 18-

VI-1976, Peter A. Rush (Townes). Tsaina River, ¢, 18-VIII-1973, H. &

M. Townes (Townes). British Columbia: Stone Mt. Park at 3800+ and

5500 ft., 3°, 100%, 13 to 20-VII-1973, H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Host: Unknown.

Distribution: Alaska and British Columbia in Northwestern Nearctic

Region.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am thankful to Dr. Henry Townes for providing me with the neces-

sary facilities to undertake this work and for his advice.

10.

11.

12.

13.

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 31

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Arten und Formen der Familie Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Ent.

Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 7(112): 65-82.

Kasparyan, D. R. 1973. A New Species of the Genus Delomeyvista

(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) (in Russian). Jool. Z. 52: 1877-

1878,

32

14,

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24,

20.

26.

27.

28.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

Kasparyan, D. R. 1977. Review of the European Species of Ichneu-

monids of the Genus Delomerista Foerster (Hymenoptera, Ichneu-

monidae). (in Russian). New and Little-Known Species of Insects

of the European part of USSR. Acad. Sci. USSR. 1979: 69-75.

Kolomiets, N. G. 1962. Akad. Nauk SSSR Sibirskoe Otd. Parazishi

i Khishchniki Sibirskogo Shelkopryada, p. 99.

Morris, K. R. S., Cameron, E. & Jepson, W. F. 1937. The Insect

Parasites of the Spruce Sawfly (Diprion polytomum Thg.) in

Europe. Bull. Ent. Res. 28: 341-393.

Oehlke, J. 1966. Die in Europaischen Kiefernbuschhornblattwespen

(Diprionidae) Parasitierenden Ichneumonidae. Beitr. z. Ent.

15(7-8): 791-879 (1965).

Oehlke, J. 1967. Westpalaartische Ichneumonidae I: Ephialtinae. In

Junk: Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) Part 2: 1-48.

Short, J. R. T. 1978. The Final Larval Instars of the Ichneumonidae.

Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 25: 1-508 (Delomerista, p. 25).

Sitowski, L. 1925. Do Biologji Pasorzytow borecznixa (Lophyrus Latr.),

sur la Biologie des Parasites de Lophyrus Latr. Poln. m. Dtsch.

Zuzammenf, 14: 1-25,

Torgersen, T. R. 1969. Hymenopterous Parasites of the Hemlock Sawfly,

Neodiprion tsugae Middleton, in Southern Alaska with a key to Larval

Remains. J. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia 66: 53-62,

Townes, H. K. 1944. A Catalog and Reclassification of the Nearctic

Ichneumonidae. PartI. Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. 11(1): 1-477.

(Delomerista, pp. 48-49).

Townes, H. and M. 1960. Ichneumon-flies of America North of Mexico:

2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. U. S. Natl.

Mus. Bull. 216(2): 1-676.

Townes, H., Momoi, S. & Townes, M. 1965. A Catalog and Reclassifica-

tion of Eastern Palearctic Ichneumonidae. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst.

5: 1-661.

Townes, H. 1969. The Genera of Ichneumonidae, PartI. Mem. Amer.

Ent. Inst. 11: 1-300.

Ulbricht, A. 1911. Ichneumonidenstudien. Arch. Naturg. 77(1 Bd. 2

Heft): 144-152.

Ulbricht, A. 1913. Ichneumoniden der Umgegend Krefelds II. Nachtrag.

Mitt. Naturw. Mus. Stadt. Crefeld. 1913: 1-17.

Walkley, LuellaM. 1960. The genus Delomervisia. In Townes & Townes:

Ichneumon-flies of America North of Mexico: 2. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull.

216(2): 362-373.

33

Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae)

V. Gupta

Til.

tes I,

i

II

Terg

?

es Il

D,

Tergit

2,

Propodeum.

?

4

1

Propodeum.

1,

pfankuch

1

D

6

ta nov

is

igs. 4

F

ip.

ipositor t

Figs. 1-3. Delomer

3, Ov

6, Ov

ip.

ipositor t

34 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

Figs. 7-9. Delomerista borealis: 7, Propodeum. 8, Tergites II, III.

9, Ovipositor tip.

V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 35

Figs, 10-20. Delomerista kusuoi: 10, Propodeum. 11, Tergites II, III.

12, Flagellar segments II, TI. 17, Ovipositor tip. 18, Flagellar segment I,

D, lepteces: 13, Propodeum, 14, Tergites II,III. 15, Flagellar segment I.

16, Ovipositor tip. 19, Flagellar segments II, III. D. pfankuchi: 20, Flagel-

lar segment I.

36 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

Figs, 21-25. Delomerista walkleyae: 21, Propodeum. 22, Tergites II,

Ill. 23, Ovipositor tip. 24, Flagellar segmentI. 25, Flagellar segments II,

Ill, Figs. 26-28, D. townesorum: 26, Flagellar segmentI. 27, Flagellar

segments II, III. 28. Ovipositor tip.

37

Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae)

V. Gupta

a GRas

om

se eee

mM

oS

~~ SH

oh

D6

oy

=

H >

es,

es

oD or

ae)

go

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2

— =

on:

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Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

38

ip.

Tergites 0, II.

tor t

oped

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opt

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—

ae) a“

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V. Gupta: Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae) 39

Figs. 40-46. Delomerista indica: 40, 41, Propodeum,. 42, 43, Tergite I.

44, Ovipositor tip. 45, Flagellar segments I,II., 46, Flagellar segments IJ, II.

40 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 1, 1982

Figs. 47-54, Delomerista strandi: 47, 51, Ovipositor tip. 54, Propodeum

and first tergite. D. mandibularis: 48, 49, Ovipositor tip. 00, Propodeum

and first tergite. D. laevis: 52, Ovipositor tip. D. longicauda americana: 03,

Ovipositor tip.

4]

Genus Delomerista (Ichneumonidae)

V. Gupta

Ay

Ly,

“

?

60,

da

57

Z

~1caUu

. strand

Segment I

Segments II, III.

D

?

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59

bular

62,

3

61, Segment I,

Segments II,

mandi

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42

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19,

Figs. 63-65.

Delomerista japonica

Larval heads of: 63, Delomerista no vita

diprionis. 64, D. japonica

no. 1, 1982

64, D.

A REVISION OF THE GENUS AGONOCRYPTUS

(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

by

Santosh Gupta *

American Entomological Institute

Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105

Agonocryptus Cushman, 1929, belongs to the tribe Gabuniini of the sub-

family Mesosteninae. It was originally proposed for Mesostenus discoidaloides

Viereck, 1905, from Kansas, U.S.A., which happens to be the only Nearctic

species to date under the genus. The genus, however, is widespread in the

Neotropical Region. In addition to the type-species mentioned above, Cushman

(1929) also placed Mesostenus (Mesostenus) chichimecus Cresson, 1873 from

Mexico and Cryptus heathi Brues, 1912 from Brazil under this genus. Subse-

quently five additional species were transferred to it: Mesostenus (Mesostenus)

‘admirandus Cresson, 1873 from Mexico by Townes (1946), M. varus: Brulle,

1846 from Guiana, and M. physocnemis Brulle, 1846, M. luxuriosus Taschen-

berg, 1876, and M. violascens Taschenberg, 1876 from Brazil, by Townes and

Townes (1966). They also synonymized M. luxuriosus with physocnemis. Thus

a total of seven species are so far known from the Nearctic and Neotropical

regions.

In the present paper 18 new species and 6 new subspecies are described

from the Neotropical Region. The types of all but those of Taschenberg and

one of Brulle (physocnemis, supposedly lost) have been studied. A. violascens

(Taschenberg) is not included as I could not find diagnostic characters in the

original description for inclusion in the key. A. discoidaloides is considered a

subspecies of chichimecus. Thus a total of 24 species and 7 subspecies are

treated in the present paper.

Genus AGONOCRYPTUS Cushman (fig. 1)

Agonocryptus Cushman, 1929. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 74(16): 6.

Type: (Mesostenus discoidaloides Viereck) = chichimecus discoidaloides;

original designation.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962: 502. Townes and Townes, 1966:

128.

Body 8-18 mm. long. Clypeus small, its basal half convex and apical por-

tion flattened, its apical margin truncate, with or without a median tooth. Man-

dible short, narrow apically, its lower tooth always longer than the upper. Face

usually trans-striate. Occipital carina may or may not reach hypostomal carina.

Mesoscutum smooth, punctate or rugoso-punctate. Epomia present or absent.

Sternaulus weak, reaching middle coxa. Prepectal carina usually 0.8 to 0.9 the

height of mesopleurum (except in A. admivandus Cresson, where it is only 0.5

the height of mesopleurum). Pleural carina of propodeum absent. Apical trans-

verse carina complete or interrupted medially. Basal transverse carina always

* Present address: Center for Parasitic Hymenoptera, Dept. of

Entomology & Nematology, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 326ll.

a Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

complete and evenly arched. Propodeal spiracle small, roundish. Propodeum

_ between the two transverse carinae variously sculptured. Areolet small, pen-

tagonal to rectangular (wider than high), sometimes a little trapezoidal. Nervu-

lus always basad of basal vein. Second recurrent vein meeting areolet at its

middle to apical 0.33. Nervellus intercepted at its middle to upper 0.33.

Petiole stout to slender, in female 2.0 to 3.0 as long as its apical width, its

sternite 0.4 to 0.75 the length of first tergite. First tergite without sub-basal

lateral triangular tooth. In bicolor with a ventrolateral tooth on either side.

Dorsolateral carina of first tergite usually absent, sometimes in traces near

its base. First tergite smooth and shiny, impunctate to strongly punctate.

Second tergite impunctate to punctate. Ovipositor tip usually with six teeth.

Tip of lower valve of ovipositor with a dorsal lobe enclosing the upper valve.

Hosts: Host records are known only for Agonocryptus chichimecus.

Podosesia syringae, Eupogonius vestitus and Psyvassa unicolor, are the hosts

of A. chichimecus discoidaloides, and Aerenicopsis championi of A. chichimecus

chichimecus.

Six species groups are recognized, based on the sculpture of frons, vertex,

and mesoscutum, length of petiole, and position of first abdominal sternite

relative to the tergite.

List of species of Agonocryptus reported in the paper:

I. The Chichimecus Group

la. chichimecus chichimecus (Cresson) Mexico

1b. chichimecus discoidaloides (Viereck) U.S.A.

2. bicolor, new species Mexico

3. vuficrus, new species Mexico

4. rufithorax, new species Brazil

5 russulus new species Brazil

Il. The Physocnemis Group

Brazil, Argentina

Brazil, Argentina ?

Argentina, Brazil

Ecuador

Central Argentina

Northern Argentina

6a. physocnemis physocnemis (Brulle)

6b. physocnemis nigristernum, new subspecies

Ta. lioneli lioneli, new subspecies

Tb. lioneli coxinota, new subspecies

8a. argentinus argentinus, new subspecies

8b. argentinus tucumanus, new subspecies

Il. The Heathi Group

9. heathi (Brues) Brazil

IV. The Varus Group

10a. A. varus varus (Brulle) French Guinea, Panama

10b. A. varus nigrifemur, new species Argentina

11. <A. rufigaster, new species Surinam.

12a. A. adustus adustus, new subspecies Peru, Brazil, Ecuador

12b. A. adustus paulus, new subspecies Colombia, Ecuador

13. A. gossypii, new species Brazil

14a. A. leurosus leurosus, new species Brazil

14b. A. leurosus flavosternum, new subspecies Paraguay, Argentina,

Bolivia

15.

24.

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 3

A. erugatus, new species Panama, Colombia

V. The Amoenus Group

A. admirandus (Cresson) Mexico

A. amoenus, new species Brazil

A. bispotus, new species Mexico

A. tricolor, new species Brazil

VI. The Rugifrons Group

A. rugifrons, new species Argentina

A. mulleus, new species Argentina

A. infuscatus, new species Brazil

A. fumosus, new species Brazil, Argentina

Group ?

A. violascens (Taschenberg) Brazil

KEY TO THE SPECIES GROUPS AND SPECIES OF AGONOCRYPTUS

Frons smooth and shiny, often with a few scattered punctures or dull

impunctate (argentinus). First abdominal tergite impunctate, or with

a few punctures subapically or apicolaterally. Vertex usually smooth

and shiny, sometimes with a few minute punctures (in heathi vertex

granulose and in chichimecus area behind ocelli punctate). ..... 2

Frons strongly punctate to rugoso-punctate. First tergite wholly closely

punctate. Vertex punctate. (Face always rugoso-striate, epomia

alwave abment. Rie rone Grow. oe kia ees we ee ee eee 27

Prepectal carina extending only half the height of mesopleurum. Vertex

and frons shiny, impunctate. Mesopleurum and metapleurum shiny

with separated minute punctures. Propodeum striate. Mesoscutum

with a few scattered punctures. First tergite shiny, impunctate.

Petiole long, slender, in female nearly 3.0 as long as its apical width.

First sternite 0.7 as long as petiole. Amoenus Group. Mexico.

16. admirandus (Cresson) (p. 31)

Prepectal carina extending up to 0.8 the height of mesopleurum or up to

the base of subtegular ridge. Vertex, mesopleurum, propodeum and

abdominal tergites variously sculptured. ........2.seeeecee 3

Mesoscutum punctate or rugoso-punctate. Vertex granulose or shiny with

scattered minute punctures. Propodeum basad of basal carina punctate,

sometimes punctures running into striations. ...........e-.

Mesoscutum smooth and shiny, impunctate, sometimes only basally with

a few punctures. Vertex shiny. Propodeum basad of basal carina shiny

or with few punctures or fine striations. Body generally shiny. .. 16

4 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

4. Vertex dull granulose (sometimes appearing mat). Mesoscutum moderately

punctate. Basal area of propodeum with yellow elongated mark.

(Occipital carina joining hypostomal carina at a distance almost equal

to the basal width of mandible. Lower portion of occipital carina wavy.

Fore wing with dark band at apex and just before stigma. All abdominal

tergites with yellow apical bands). Heathi Group. Brazil.

9. heathi (Brues) (p. 20)

Vertex (including ocellar area) polished and impunctate or area behind

ocelli punctate. Mesoscutum punctate to rugoso-punctate. Basal area

of propodeum without any yellow Mark. . 0 8. we cw kw ke te we 5)

5. Mesoscutum (at least the middle lobe) strongly and densely punctate,

punctures coalescing and tending to be rugose, or sometimes mat

areas seen on lateral lobes. Tooth on apical margin of clypeus absent

or minute. Occipital carina never touching hypostomal carina or in

chichimecus very close or weakly touching. Basal flagellar segments

rounded, not flattened. Apical transverse carina of propodeum usually

complete and distinct or only medially interrupted. Male flagellum

devoid of hairs and bristles (except for the regular minute pilosity).

Nervellus intercepted at the middle, except in rufithorax. Chichimecus

foe Eee Oe ae ere ge or ee ee 6

Mesoscutum punctate, punctures well separated, often with smooth areas

in the middle and on lateral lobes. Tooth on apical margin of clypeus

always present and distinct, though small. Occipital carina either

meeting hypostomal carina or strongly bent inwards and coming very

close to hypostomal carina but not touching it (physocnemis). Basal

flagellar segments moderately flattened. Apical transverse carina of

propodeum distinct only laterally and broadly interrupted medially.

Male flagellum with small hairs and with stout small bristles in between.

Nervellus intercepted above the middle. Physocnemis Group. ... Il

(I. Chichimecus Group)

6. Thorax wholly reddish-brown, without any marks. Abdomen red or black

with reddish marks. Face trans-striate. Clypeus laterally striate.

Epomia absent or faintly indicated in middle of pronotal sulcus. ... 7

Thorax black with extensive yellow marks. Abdomen black with yellow

bands, or reddish with yellow bands. Face dull or smooth in the middle,

obliquely striate laterally. Clypeus shiny, without striations. Epomia

PROCCRES se ER Se WO ee OG ee ee we ee ee 8

7. Areolet rectangular, closed, wider than high. Wings hyaline, without any

brown marks. Abdomen dorsally black, with reddish brown marks.

Nervulus intercepted above its middle. Brazil.

4. rufithorax, n. sp. (p. 13)

Areolet more squarish, as wide as high, second intercubitus unpigmented

(areolet open), intercubiti convergent. Fore wing with fuscous marks

medially and apically. Abdomen reddish-brown, without distinct black

marks. Nervellus intercepted at its middle. Brazil.

5. russulus, n. sp. (p. 13)

10.

1.

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 5

Abdomen reddish-brown, with yellow apical bands. All coxae reddish-

brown, rest of the legs yellowish-brown. Scape red. First abdominal

tergite punctate centrally. Mesopleurum closely and deeply punctate.

iON a 8 A ee ee $. “rufierus, ne‘sps (p. 42)

Abdomen black, with yellow bands. Hind coxa black with yellow marks.

Femora usually black marked, except in A. chichimecus discoidaloides.

Scape black, with or without a white mark. First tergite smooth and

shiny, or punctate apicolaterally. Mesopleurum with punctures which

are quite separate (A. bicolor), or punctato-striate

CA. CRICRINMBEUEI OE TRE PROP I OE I I ae Ss 9

Frons smooth or with scattered punctures. First tergite stouter, bent

medially and punctate apicolaterally. Mesopleurum punctate to rugoso-

punctate. Metapleurum rugose to rugoso-punctate (punctate in smaller

specimens). Apical propodeal carina broadly arched, complete or

incomplete medially (in type of chichimecus complete and double bent

medially). Hind femur reddish-brown or black dorsally and partly on

the inner side. U. S. A. and Mexico.

1. chichimecus (Cresson) .... 10

Frons rugulose. First tergite narrower apically, smooth, its base slender

and with a pointed tooth on either side subbasally. Mesopleurum largely

shiny, with minute punctures. Metapleurum punctate, punctures well

separated. Apical transverse carina of propodeum broadly arched and

very narrowly interrupted medially. Hind femur black dorsally.

MICE FOIE OO Og PA, 2. bicolor, n. sp. (p. WU)

Hind femur black-marked dorsally. Hind trochanters black-marked. Hind

femur comparatively thicker in the middle. Mesopleural punctures

often coalescing. Metapleurum more rugoso-punctate than punctate

(sculpture similar to that of propodeum). Male with all abdominal

tergites black-banded. Mexico.

la. chichimecus chichimecus (Cresson) (p. 10)

Hind femur and trochanters uniformly orange-brown (similar to tibia).

Femur slender. Mesopleural punctures separated from each other.

Metapleurum more punctate than rugose (sculpture weaker than that of

propodeum). Male with apical abdominal tergites reddish. U.S. A.

1b. chichimecus discoidaloides (Vier.) (p. 11)

(II. Physocnemis Group)

Occipital carina interrupted near hypostomal carina, bent inwards. Frons

minutely punctate. Subapical flagellar segments not compressed,

about 2.0 as long as wide. Rather stout species with yellow marks on

thorax and second tergite. (Mark on pronotal collar in female inter-

rupted medially). Brazil and Argentina.

6. physocnemis (Brulle)... . 12

Occipital carina meeting hypostomal carina. Frons smooth. Subapical

flagellar segments compressed, about as long as wide. Moderately

stout species with thorax yellow marked, the pronotal mark complete,

or slender species with reddish ‘thorax. 6 62.6 eee ee a 13

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

Mesosternum white marked. First tergite basally reddish to yellow.

Clypeal groove usually not black marked. Fore and middle coxae white

or white-marked. .. 6a. physocnemis physocnemis (Brulle) (p. 16)

Mesosternum black, without white marks. First tergite basally black.

Clypeal groove black marked. Fore and middle coxae black to largely

DlaCK. ose ees - 6b. physocnemis nigristernum, n. subsp. (p. 17)

Wings clear hyaline, only the apex of fore wing a little fuscous. Thorax

black, marked with yellow. Mesopleurum minutely punctate and shiny.

, Ecuador, Brazil, and Argentina.... 7¢. lioneli, n. sp. .. ... . 14

Wings wholly purple-brownish or fore wing with brownish bands. Thorax

largely red to largely black, without yellow marks. Mesopleurum punc-

tate to punctato-striate. Argentina. . 8. argentinus, n. sp..... 15

Hind coxa and middle coxa reddish-orange. Pronotal collar wholly yellow.

Second and third abdominal tergites without yellow and black marks.

Pronotum mostly punctate. Argentina and Brazil.

7a. lioneli lioneli, n. subsp. (p. 17)

Hind coxa and middle coxa yellow, with black marks. Yellow mark on

pronotal collar interrupted. Second and third tergites without yellow or

black marks. Pronotum mostly punctato-striate. Ecuador.

Tb. lioneli coxinota, n. subsp. (p. 18)

Wings wholly smoky brownish-black with a purple tinge. Mesopleurum

largely punctate or in larger and darker specimens somewhat striate.

Hind tibia black on apical 0.15 to 0.2. Scape and pedicel reddish-brown.

Central Argentina. ... 8a. argentinus argentinus, n. subsp. (p. 19)

Wings hyaline. Fore wing with two brownish bands separated by a hyaline

area. Mesopleurum striato-punctate. Hind tibia black on apical 0.35.

Scape and pedicel black. Northern Argentina.

8b. argentinus tucumanus, n. subsp. (p. 20)

First abdominal segment of female 2.0 to 2.4 x as long as its apical width,

quadrangular in cross-section at subbasal region, its sternite extending

up to 0.4 to 0.6 the length of tergite, usually to the level of spiracle.

First sternite separated from its tergite by a ridge. First tergite with

ventrolateral triangular projections at base (sometimes weak). Post-

genal area evenly arched and not separated by a crease from the lower

part of gena. Occipital carina not strongly deflected inwards and point

ing towards base of mandible, away from hypostomal carina and touch-

ing it only in gossypii. Varus Group. . . 2. ees we ew ew eee 17

First abdominal segment long and slender, in female 3.0 x as long as its

apical width, rounded in cross-section at subbasal region, its sternite

extending up to 0.75 the length of tergite. First sternite and tergite

fused together, without any trace of ventrolateral carina except in

tricolor, where ventrolateral projections are seen at base. Postgenal

area somewhat flattened and widened and separated from the lower por-

tion of gena by a crease (in profile view). Occipital carina deflected

inwards either strongly or weakly, coming close to joining hypostomal

carina or erased for a distance equal to the basal width of mandible.

PIIOenas CLO. Ce er a ea ee ee le ee ee 29

17.

18.

10.

20.

21.

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 7

(IV. Varus Group)

Abdomen impunctate and polished. First abdominal sternite short of the

level of spiracle, 0.4 the length of tergite. Propodeum basad of basal

carina smooth and shiny. Abdominal tergites sparsely hairy dorsally,

except tips of seventh and eighth. Body rather stout. Panama and

Colomiyiay 26 690 eR ee, 15. erugatus, n. sp. (p. 29)

Abdomen with punctures, at least on second and third tergites laterally.

First abdominal sternite extending up to the level of spiracle or slightly

beyond it. Basal area of propodeum trans-striate (except in adustus).

Fourth and following tergites rather uniformly hairy dorsally, with

their margins fringed with hairs, especially seventh and eighth. Body

Slender. 5 SS Oe I PE a a 18

Pronotum striate, particularly along the sulcus and along posterior margin.

Pronotal collar and upper margin with scattered punctures. First

sternite ending at the level of spiracle and 0.5 the length of tergite.

Areolet 1.5 to 1.75 as wide as high. Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and

APOENIMNA ea a IS 4 14. leurosus, n. sp..... 19

Pronotum punctate to mat. Pronotal collar sometimes smooth and

polished. First sternite either ending at the level of spiracle or extend-

ing slightly beyond it, 0.5 to 0.6 the length of tergite. Areolet 1.25 to

1.5 AB WIDE BSA ee ee ae Ses 20

Mesosternum and middle coxa dorsally black. First tergite wholly reddish.

Brasil F Be Ss 14a. leurosus leurosus, n. subsp. (p. 28)

Mesosternum with yellow marks. Middle coxa dorsally red. First tergite

with apical and basal yellow marks and medially usually blackish, some-

times second tergite with blackish marks. Paraguay, Bolivia, and

Arconting.< ser. . 14b. leurosus flavosternum, n. subsp. (p. 28)

Thorax wholly yellowish-brown and abdomen from second segment onwards

brownish-black. Wings tinged with fuscous brown. Male abdomen

yellowish-brown, as is thorax. Flagellar segments not flattened and

without long hairs. Small sized species. Brazil.

13. gossypii, n. sp. (p. 26)

Thorax black with yellow marks. Abdomen reddish-brown. Wings clear

hyaline, with or without fuscous patches. Basal flagellar segments in

female usually flattened. Male flagellum usually with long hairs. . 21

Propodeum largely smooth, with weak to indistinct striations, particularly

on the basal area. Apical transverse carina indistinct, or if faintly

indicated, more semicircular, like carinae bordering petiolar area.

First sternite 0.6 the length of tergite, ending slightly beyond the level

of spiracle. Fore wing with fuscous bands at middle and at its apex.

Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia.

12. ‘adustus, ne spy. 6 22

Propodeum largely strongly striate to rugoso-striate. Apical transverse

carina distinct, strongly arched medially. First sternite 0.5 to 0.6

the length of its tergite. Fore wing with or without fuscous bands. . 23

22.

23.

24,

20.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

Face finely striate. First tergite, hind coxa, trochanters, and femur

reddish-brown, without any marks. Hind tibia and tarsus yellow with

fourth tarsal segment apically and fifth either partly or wholly brownish.

Pronotal collar wholly yellow. Apex of fore wing very lightly fuscous.

Basal flagellar segments flattened (as usual). Size 8-14 mm. Peru,

Brazil and Ecuador. .... 12a. adustus adustus, n. subsp. (p. 25)

Face smooth and shiny, without striations. First tergite apically and

basally yellow. Hind coxa, femur and trochanters reddish-brown with

fuscous marks. Apex of hind femur blackish. Hind coxa with a dorsal

yellow line. Hind tibia and tarsus yellow, but fourth and fifth tarsal

segments black. Apical fuscous mark on fore wing more conspicuous.

Yellow mark on pronotal collar interrupted medially. Basal flagellar

segments not conspicuously flattened. Size 10 mm. Colombia and

POUACOP es ks e ee 12b. adustus paulus, n. subsp. (p. 26)

Propodeum strongly rugose medially. Petiolar area with vertical striations.

First sternite extending beyond the level of the spiracle, 0.6 the length

of its tergite. Pronotum irregularly punctate, the groove along its hind

margin wrinkled. Areolet rectangular, about 1.5 as wide as high.

Mesoscutum with yellow crescentic mark on side of lateral lobe. Yellow

mark on pronotal collar interrupted medially. Surinam.

11. rufigaster, n. sp. (p. 23)

Propodeum striate. Petiolar area of propodeum smooth to dull mat. First

sternite ending at the level of spiracle. Pronotum with minute punctures,

shiny, the groove along its hind margin smoother. Areolet more

squarish, about 1.2 as wide as high. Lateral lobes of mesoscutum

without any yellow marks. Yellow mark on pronotal collar not inter-

rupted mediallvic caw Gua aaa GS 10. varus (Brulle).... 24

Femora yellowish-brown. Yellow mark on pronotal collar interrupted

medially. Abdomen yellowish-brown. French Guiana and Panama.

10a. varus varus (Brulle) (p. 22)

Fore and middle femora ventrally and hind femur wholly black. Pronotal

collar wholly yellow. Abdomen reddish-brown. Argentina.

10b. varus nigrifemur, n. subsp. (p. 23)

(Vv. Amoenus Group)

Occipital carina making a right angle with hypostomal carina, strongly

deflected towards base of hypostomal carina, away from the base of

mandible by 1.5 the basal width of mandible. Abdomen smooth and

shiny, impunctate. Tergites without hairs. Basal area of propodeum

with conspicuous semicircular striations. Brazil.

17. amoenus, n. sp. (p. 32)

Occipital carina normal, making an angle of less than 499 with the hyposto-

mal carina and joining it. Occipital carina not deflected towards base of

hypostomal carina, running towards base of mandible, but often erased

(except in tricolor, in which propodeum smoother). Abdomen with

setiferous punctures and apical tergites hairy. Basal area of propodeum

without striations, often punctate laterally. ......-..+e-se-eee 26

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 9

26. Epomia present. Propodeum apicad of basal carina with strong striations

and punctures in between. Abdomen banded with black and yellow.

NIG. ison iva deh ined See Macelantd in 18. bispotus, n. sp. (p. 33)

Epomia absent. Propodeum with broken to indistinct striations apicad of

basal transverse carina. Abdomen reddish, without stripes. Brazil.

19. tricolor, n. sp. (p. 34)

(VI. Rugifrons Group)

27. Wings hyaline. Face strongly rugose in the middle. Clypeus granulose with

a few punctures. Thorax black, with yellow marks. Abdomen reddish-

brown or body wholly reddish-brown. ... 1... 2. ee ee ee ees 28

Wings strongly infuscate. Face rugoso-striate. Clypeus finely striate.

Thorax reddish-brown, without any marks. Abdomen black with reddish

VOR TESS 6 oak esta has. Bb lacs Debate ie ae aa RRs be ee ain 29

28. Thorax black with yellow marks. First tergite white apically. Tarsal

segments of middle leg reddish-brown to brownish-black. First tergite

closely punctate. Occipital carina meeting hypostomal carina.

APU a ek th a ee a Rees 20. rugifrons, n. sp. (p. 35)

Body wholly reddish-brown. First tergite apically not white. Tarsal

segments of middle leg white. First tergite only centrally with sparse

punctures. Occipital carina not meeting hypostomal carina.

POO eis cas +k shin Tews aK | 21. mulleus, n. sp. (p. 36)

29. Occipital carina not meeting hypostomal carina. Face reddish-brown,

without yellow orbital rings. Apical 0.6 of first tergite and hind femur

black. Second and third tarsal segments of hind leg yellow. Brazil.

22. infuscatus, n. sp. (p. 36)

Occipital carina meeting hypostomal carina. Face black, with broken yellow

orbital rings. First tergite, hind coxa and hind femur reddish-brown.

In addition to second and third segments, the apical 0.6 of first tersal

segment of hind leg yellow. Argentina and Brazil.

23. fumosus, n. sp. (p. 37)

I. THE CHICHIMECUS GROUP

This group is characterized by having the frons smooth; vertex generally

smooth with minute scattered punctures or punctures closer behind ocelli;

occipital carina almost touching to widely separated from hypostomal carina,

not deflected inwards; tooth on apical margin of clypeus absent or minute; basal

flagellar segments of female antenna not compressed; flagellar segments in

male devoid of long hairs (males of only chichimecus and russulus are known);

pronotum striate to striato-punctate; epomia absent or present; mesoscutum

strongly to densely punctate; punctures coalescing and tending to be rugose;

propodeum punctate basally, rugoso-striate medially, its apical transverse

carina present, complete or broken medially; abdomen strongly punctate.

The nervellus is intercepted at the middle, except in rufithorax.

This group includes five species: A. chichimecus (Cresson) from the U.S.

A. and Mexico, and four new species, bicolor and ruficrus from Mexico and

rufithorax and russulus from Brazil (maps 1, 2).

A. chichimecus and bicolor are distinctive by the absence of tooth on

10 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

clypeal margin and by the presence of epomia. The body is marked with yellow.

They can be differentiated among themselves by the nature of frons, apical

transverse carina of propodeum, shape and punctation of first tergite, and by

the color of hind leg. A. vufithorax and A. russulus are distinctive in having

reddish thorax and abdomen, without yellow marks, meso- and metapleurum

punctate, clypeal margin with a minute tooth, and by the absence of epomia.

They can be differentiated among themselves by the nature of areolet, markings

on wings, and by the position of nervellus. A. rvussulus is the only species with

fuscous marks on the fore wing in the female. A. ruficrus has many characters

in common with A. chichimecus and bicolor, but abdomen is reddish-brown,

coxae reddish-brown, and clypeal margin with a minute tooth.

1. AGONOCRYPTUS CHICHIMECUS (Cresson)

Female: Face shiny with a few trans-striations below antennal sockets to

granulose with submedian oblique striations. Clypeus shiny, without any punc-

tures or striations, its apical margin truncate, without a median tooth. Malar

space granulose, nearly equal to the basal width of mandible. Temple shiny,

impunctate. Frons shiny, with a few fine superficial punctures in ocellar area.

Vertex shiny, closely punctate behind ocelli. Occipital carina close to hyposto-

mal carina and separated from it by a distance equal to 0.25 to 0.5 the basal

width of mandible. Pronotum punctate to striate, its hind margin and pronotal

sulcus striate. Epomia present, strong or weak. Mesoscutum closely and

deeply punctate. Prepectal carina reaching subtegular ridge. Scutellum

sparsely punctate. Mesopleurum punctate to rugoso-punctate, punctures close

(punctate in smaller specimens). Metapleurum rugose to rugoso-punctate.

Apical transverse carina of propodeum broadly arched, complete or incomplete

medially. Propodeum strongly punctate to rugoso-punctate, centrally more

rugose, its petiolar area with irregular striations or longitudinal ridges.

Areolet trapezoidal to pentagonal (first intercubitus shorter than the second).

Second intercubitus pigmented or unpigmented. Second recurrent vein meeting

areolet at its apical 0.4 to 0.3. Nervellus intercepted at its middle. Petiole

stout, its sternite reaching the spiracle. First tergite shiny, punctate dorso-

laterally. Second and third tergites wholly closely and finely punctate. The

following tergites punctate. Ovipositor 0.6 to 0.7 the length of abdomen. |

Two subspecies, A. chichimecus chichimecus (Cresson) and A. c. discoi-

daloides (Viereck) (New Status) are recognized.

la. AGONOCRYPTUS CHICHIMECUS CHICHIMECUS (Cresson)

Mesostenus (Mesostenus) chichimecus Cresson, 1873. Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Philadelphia, 1873: 155. °. key, des. Lectotype: ¢, Mexico:

Orizaba (Philadelphia). Mexico: Cordoba. Type examined.

Mesostenus chichimecus: Cresson, 1916. Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 23.

Lectotype designation.

sel Se ae chichimecus: Cushman, 1929. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus.,

74(16): 7. syn. Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Soc. Venezolana, 5: 34.

Townes, 1966. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst., 8: 128.

Male and Female: Punctures on mesopleurum often coalescing. Meta-

pleurum rugoso-punctate. Hind femur thicker than in discoidaloides. Black,

with yellow marks and bands on abdomen. Face, clypeus, labrum, a mark on

base of mandible, orbital ring, temple broadly, a mark on mesoscutum,

scutellum, metascutellum, propleurum, upper margin of pronotum, pronotal

collar completely or interrupted medially, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum,

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 11

a large mark covering most of mesopleurum, mesosternum large, a mark

below wings, metapleurum, and a dagger-shaped mark on petiolar area of pro-

podeum, yellow. Wings hyaline. Legs yellow. Fore femur ventrally and fore

tarsus brown. Hind coxa basally and with an oblong mark dorsally, trochanters

partly, and femur dorsally, black. First tergite apically and basally, and the

following tergites apically and laterally yellow.

Length: 11-16mm. Fore wing 8-12 mm.

Specimens examined: 229, 40°. Mexico: Orizaba, 1¢ (lectotype). Mexico:

Cordoba, 1¢ (labelled paratype). [Specimens bear label only as Mexico.

Locality data are in the original descriptions]. Mexico: 1% (paratype,

Washington). Mexico: San Rafael, Jocoltepec, 12. Ticul Yucatan, 3%, June

1969, CIBC, €x Cerambycid on Eupatorium odovatum. Vera Cruz, 3°, 2°, ex

Aerenicopsis championi, Krauss, No. 5776. Vera Cruz, Ver., 6°, May 1959,

N. L. H. Krauss: 12, June 1955, ex Aerenicopsis championi. Ma Cambo,

Vera Cruz, Ver. 12, June 1965, N. L. Krauss ex Aerenicopsis championi in

branch of Lantana camara. Vera Cruz., Ver., 4°, 2%, May 1955, ex

Aerenicopsis championi burrows in Lantana camara (all Washington).

Host: Aerenicopsis championt.

Distribution: Mexico.

1b. AGONOCRYPTUS CHICHIMECUS DISCOIDALOIDES (Viereck), new status

Mesostenus discoidaloides Viereck, 1905. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci.,

19: 319. ¢. Type: 2, Rock Creek, 900 ft., Douglas Co., Kansas

(Lawrence).

Agonocryptus discoidaloides: Cushman, 1929. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus.,

74(16): 6. Townes and Townes, 1962. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus.,

216(3): 502. des., fig.

Female: Punctures on mesopleurum a little separated from each other.

Metapleurum more punctate than rugose. Clypeal groove and base of clypeus

usually black. Second intercubitus pigmented. Hind femur and trochanters

uniformly orange brown.

. Male: Slender. Structure similar to that of female except that pronotum is

shiny, without striations or punctures and punctation of mesopleurum and meta-

pleurum a little sparse and superficial. Apical abdominal tergites usually

reddish. First abdominal tergite basally black. Hind tibia apically darker.

(In chichimecus chichimecus all abdominal tergites are black, banded with

yellow. )

Length: 10-18mm. Fore wing 6-14 mm.

Specimens examined: U. S. A: Alabama (Gulf Shores). Florida (Key

Largo, Larkins, Paradise Key, Tarpon Springs). New Jersey (Moorestown).

New York (Farmingdale). North Carolina (Wake Co.). South Carolina

(McClellanville). Wisconsin (Milwaukee).

Hosts (From Carlson's Catalog): Podosesia syringae, Eupogonius

vestitus, Psyvassa unicolor. |

Distribution: U. S. A.: Southeastern United States, Texas, Kansas,

and some localities in Midwestern States. Distributional Map 288 in Townes

and Townes, 1962.

2. AGONOCRYPTUS BICOLOR, n. sp.

Female: Face centrally smooth and shiny, laterally with a few oblique

12 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

striations. Clypeus smooth and shiny, its apical margin truncate, without a

median tooth. Malar space granulose, 1.0 the basal width of mandible. Temple

shiny, impunctate. Frons rough or rugulose, a little densely rugulose in

ocellar area. Vertex medially punctate. Occipital carina close to hypostomal

carina and separate from the latter by a distance about half the base of mandible.

Pronotum punctate above, striate in the sulcus, striate along margins. Epomia

present. Mesoscutum deeply and closely punctate. Prepectal carina reaching

close to subtegular ridge. Mesopleurum minutely punctate, with shiny areas

between punctures. Area below subtegular ridge with a few striations. Meta-

pleurum punctate, punctures well separated. .Propodeum with narrowly inter-

rupted apical transverse carina which is strongly curved submedially. Basal

area of propodeum striato-punctate. Area between the two transverse carinae

punctato-striate. Petiolar area punctate, with a few longitudinal ridges.

Areolet pentagonal. Second recurrent vein meeting areolet in the middle.

Nervellus intercepted at its middle. Petiole moderately stout, its base slender

and with a ventro-lateral tooth on either side. First sternite reaching apical

0.4 of petiole. First tergite smooth and shiny, with a few scattered punctures.

Second and the third tergites basally and medially closely and deeply punctate.

The following tergites finely mat.

Black, with yellow marks and bands. Face, broad orbital rings, clypeus

except margins, temple, base of mandible, and labrum, yellow. A mark on

upper margin of pronotum, pronotal collar, mark on propleurum, central mark

on mesoscutum, scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, specu-

lum, a large mark covering most of mesopleurum, mesosternum, a mark below

wings, metapleurum, and an inverted T-shaped mark on petiolar area of pro-

podeum, yellow. Legs yellow with black marks. Fore femur dorsally and

tarsus brownish. Middle coxa ventrally with a basal black mark. Middle femur

and tibia ventrally, and tarsus, brown. Hind coxa basally and dorsally black

marked. Trochanters and femur dorsally black. Wings hyaline. First tergite

apically and the following tergites apically and laterally, yellow.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 19mm. Fore wing 12 mm.

Holotype: ¢, Mexico: Oaxaca, Metate, 85 kilometers south of Tuxtepec,

9000 m., Oct. 20, 1962, H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Distribution: Mexico (map 1).

3. AGONOCRYPTUS RUFICRUS, n. sp.

Female: Face dull, with a few punctures and oblique striations submedially.

Clypeus dull, its apical margin with a minute tooth. Malar space granulose,

0.9 the basal width of mandible. Temple shiny, impunctate. Frons with a few

minute scattered punctures. Vertex with fine punctures in ocellar area.

Occipital carina close to hypostomal carina and separated from it by a distance

of 0.25 the basal width of mandible. Pronotum deeply punctate, its hind mar-

gin and sulcus with striations. Epomia present, though not complete. Meso-

scutum closely and deeply punctate. Scutellum deeply but sparsely punctate.

Mesopleurum closely and deeply punctate. Metapleurum with irregular punc-

tures, punctures close and deep. Propodeum rugoso-punctate to rugose, its

apical transverse carina broadly interrupted medially. Areolet slightly trape-

zoidal, second recurrent vein meeting areolet at its apical 0.4. Nervellus

intercepted at its middle. Petiole stout, its length less than 2.0 the apical

width of first tergite, its sternite reaching the spiracle. First tergite punctate

centrally. Second and third tergites closely punctate. The following tergites

finely mat. Ovipositor 0.9 the length of abdomen.

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 13

Black with yellow marks. Abdomen reddish with yellow bands. Scape

reddish-brown. Face, clypeus except its apical margin, labrum, base of

mandible, broad orbital rings, and temple, yellow. Upper margin of pronotum,

pronotal collar, propleurum, a mark on mesoscutum, scutellum, metascutel-

lum, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum, mesopleurum broadly, mesosternum,

area below wings, metapleurum wholly, and a large dagger-shaped mark on

propodeum extending up to basal transverse carina, yellow. Wings slightly

clouded apically. Legs reddish-yellow. First tergite apically and basally,

and the following tergites apically, with yellow bands.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 16mm. Fore wing 12 mm.

Holotype: ¢, | Baja California, Mexico]: San Jose del Cabo (Washington).

Distribution: Mexico (map 1).

4. AGONOCRYPTUS RUFITHORAX, n. sp.

Female: Face granulose with striations submedially and a few scattered

punctures laterally. Clypeus granulose, laterally finely striate, its apical

margin with a minute median tooth. Malar space obliquely aciculate, 0.8 the

basal width of mandible. Temple smooth and shiny. Frons shiny, with fine

punctures close to ocelli. Vertex shiny, with a few fine superficial punctures.

Occipital carina directed towards base of mandible and separated from the

latter by a distance about equal to the basal width of mandible; this area finely

striate. Pronotum striato-punctate, its hind margin striate. Epomia absent.

Mesoscutum closely and deeply punctate. Scutellum with fine, deep punctures.

Prepectal carina reaching subtegular ridge. Mesopleurum and metapleurum

closely and deeply punctate. Propodeum deeply punctate, . punctures running

into transverse striations. Petiolar area sparsely punctate, with a few lateral

longitudinal ridges. Apical transverse carina present, but a little irregular

submedially. Areolet rectangular, closed, wider than high. Second recurrent

vein meeting areolet at its middle. Nervellus intercepted above the middle.

Petiole moderately long, not very stout, 2.0 as long as its apical width,

smooth and shiny and with a few fine superficial punctures. Second and third

tergites closely and finely punctate. The following tergites finely mat. Ovi-

positor 0.7 the length of abdomen.

Brownish-red. Abdomen brownish-black. Interrupted orbital rings, basal

half of clypeus, and labrum, yellow. Wings hyaline. Legs reddish-brown.

Middle tibia lighter in color. Hind femur and tibia black. Hind tarsus yellow.

Second and following abdominal tergites blackish with reddish-brown marks

submedially.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 12-15 mm. Fore wing 8-10 mm.

Holotype: 2, Brazil: Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, April 13, 1948,

Fritz Plaumann (Townes).

Pavatypes: 392, Brazil: Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Feb. 1946 and

Dec. 1970 (Townes). Nova Teutonia, 279 11' B. 52° 23' L., 300-500 m., 19,

Nov. 1966, Fritz Plaumann (Ottawa). 3

Distribution: Brazil (map 2).

0. AGONOCRYPTUS RUSSULUS, n. sp.

Female: Face and clypeus finely striate. Apical margin of clypeus trun-

cate and with a minute median tooth. Malar space granulose, equal to the basal

14 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

width of mandible. Temple shiny. Occipital carina directed towards base of

mandible and separated from the latter by a distance equal to the basal width of

mandible; this area finely striate. Frons shiny and with a few superficial punc-

tures. Pronotum punctate with a few oblique striations, its hind margin striate.

Epomia absent. Mesoscutum, mesopleurum, and metapleurum punctate. Scu-

tellum sparsely punctate. Propodeum basally rugoso-punctate, medially

rugoso-striate. Petiolar area somewhat irregularly striate. Areolet squarish,

as wide as high, intercubiti convergent, but second intercubitus largely unpig-

mented (areolet open). Second recurrent vein meeting areolet at its middle.

Nervellus intercepted at its middle. First tergite slender, punctate apicolater-

ally, its sternite reaching the spiracle. Second and third tergites closely and

finely punctate. The following tergites finely mat. Ovipositor 0.8 as long as

the abdomen.

Reddish-brown. Median flagellar segments, a mark on labrum (and some-

times on clypeus), interrupted orbital rings, a mark on pronotal collar, upper

edge of pronotum, tegula, and subtegular ridge, white. Ventral aspect of first

trochanter of fore leg, and hind tarsus, white. Middle coxa and femur, hind

coxa, trochanters, femur and tibia, and abdominal tergites apically, brownish.

Wings hyaline and with brownish marks apically and medially.

Male: Antenna spinose, with small fine hairs inbetween. Face and clypeus

finely striate, punctate inbetween. Frons granulose with fine transverse acicu-

lations. Vertex shiny, sparsely superficially punctate. Pronotal collar

sparsely superficially punctate, its groove shiny and without striations or punc-

tures. Mesoscutum closely superficially punctate. Mesopleurum shiny. Meta-

pleurum with a few superficial punctures. Apical and basal transverse propodeal

carinae complete and strong. Basal area of propodeum close to spiracle irregu-

larly punctate, its lateral area inbetween the two transverse carinae rugose and

medially with a few trans-striations. Petiolar area shiny, with two longitudinal

striate, one on each side of middle. Second recurrent vein meeting areolet at

its apical 0.3.

Yellowish-brown. Tenth to fifteenth flagellar segments yellow. Face,

clypeus, labrum, base of mandible, temple broadly, interrupted orbital rings,

propleurum, pronotal collar, tegula, subtegular ridge, a mark on scutellum,

fore coxa and trochanter, and hind tarsus yellow. Second and following abdom-

inal tergites basally, hind tibia apically, and first hind tarsal segment darker.

Wings hyaline.

Length: 10-15mm. Fore wing 8-12 mm.

Holotype: °, Brazil: Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais, Serra do Caraca,

Jan. 1970, Oliveira (Townes).

Allotype: %, Same locality and data as the type (Townes).

Paratypes: 3%, 3%. Brazil: Same locality as the type, 1600 m., 1%, 18,

Jan. 1970 and Feb. 1969, F. M. Oliveira. Guanabara, Represa Rio Grande,

1°, March 1972, M. Alvarenga. Murique, Rio de Janeiro, Mangaratiba, 19,

July, 1969, M. Alvarenga. S. J. Barreiro, Sao Paulo, Serra da Bocaina,

1650 m., 2°, Nov. 1969, M. Alvarenga and Seabra (Townes).

Variations: Two males from Bocaina are a little darker than the others,

especially the mesoscutum and pronotum.

Distribution: Brazil (map 2).

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 15

Ul. THE PHYSOCNEMIS GROUP

This group is characterized by having the frons smooth and shiny; vertex

with a few scattered minute punctures behind ocelli; occipital carina meeting

hypostomal carina or bent inwards and close to it but not actually touching it

(bhysocnemis); clypeus with a median tooth along its apical margin; basal

flagellar segments somewhat compressed; pronotum striate in middle and punc-

tate along upper and hind margins; epomia present but not complete; meso-

pleurum punctate but punctures well separated; metapleurum punctate; pro-

podeum basally strongly punctate; apical transverse carina distinct only later-

ally, broadly interrupted medially; and abdomen punctate. The male flagellum

is beset with small hair with stout bristles in between. The nervellus is inter-

cepted above the middle.

The Physocnemis Group includes three species: A. physocnemis (Brullé)

from Brazil and Argentina; A. lioneli from Argentina, Brazil and Ecuador;

and A. argentinus from Argentina. Each species has two subspecies (map 3).

A. physocnemis has its occipital carina bent inwards, coming close to the

middle of hypostomal carina, but not meeting it, frons minutely punctate and

subapical flagellar segments not compressed. In the other two species the

occipital carina meets the hypostomal carina and the subapical flagellar seg-

ments are compressed. In A. argentinus the wings are either wholly purple-

brownish or with blackish-brown bands on the fore wing. In A. lioneli the

wings are hyaline or a little brown-tinged apically. The mesopleurum of

A. lioneli is minutely punctate and shiny, while A. argentinus exhibits varia-

tions in having punctate to rugoso-punctate mesopleurum. These two species

can be further differentiated by the color of abdomen and thorax.

6. AGONOCRYPTUS PHYSOCNEMIS (Brullé)

Female: Subapical flagellar segments not compressed, about 2.0 as long

as wide. Face granulose, with a few punctures laterally; medially and sub-

medially with fine trans-striations. Clypeus granulose, with a few impressions

of punctures or a few trans-striations laterally, its apical margin with a

median tooth. Malar space granulose. Temple shiny, finely granulose close

to malar space. Frons shiny, with minute punctures. Vertex shiny, witha

few scattered punctures behind ocelli. Occipital carina angularly bent and

coming very close to hypostomal carina, sometimes bent portion erased and

replaced by one or two striations. Pronotum deeply punctate. Pronotal collar

finely and closely punctate. Pronotal sulcus with striations. Epomia absent.

Mesoscutum punctate, with shiny areas in-between. Scutellum sparsely punc-

tate, punctures superficial. Mesopleurum punctate, but punctures in yellow

area not prominent. Area below subtegular ridge with a few trans-striations.

Metapleurum punctate. Basal area of propodeum strongly punctate to punctato-

striate. Propodeum medially rugoso-striate or punctato-striate. Apical trans-

verse carina broadly interrupted medially. Petiolar area irregularly longi-

tudinally striate. Areolet wider than high. Second recurrent vein meeting

areolet at its middle. Nervellus intercepted at its upper 0.4. Petiole stout to

very stout, its sternite 0.4 to 0.5 the length of petiole. First tergite shiny

and with a few punctures. Second and third tergites with close and fine punc-

tures. The following tergites finer and mat. Ovipositor 0.6 as long as abdo-

men.

Black, with yellow marks. Abdomen brown. Face, clypeus except its

16 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

apical margin, labrum, orbital rings, temple, propleurum apically, upper part

of pronotum, interrupted mark on pronotal collar, a mark on mesoscutum,

scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum, a broad oblong

mark on mesopleurum, a mark on mesosternum (present or absent), mark on

metapleurum (except basal black band), and an inverted T-shaped mark on

apical slope of propodeum, yellow. Wings hyaline. Fore and middle legs yellow

with their coxae and femora ventrally black and tarsi brownish-black. Hind

coxa, trochanters, and femur reddish-brown, tibia and tarsus yellow. First

tergite black, with yellow marks at base and apex. (In subspecies nigristernum

yellow only apically). The following tergites brown with the second tergite

basally black and apically yellow. Sometimes third and fourth tergites also

narrowly brownish-black basally and yellow apically.

Male: Antennal flagellum with small hairs and spines in between. Prono-

tum shiny, without punctures. Otherwise sculpture similar to that of the

female.

Black with yellow marks. Resembles female with the following differences:

Pronotal collar wholly yellow. Mesopleural mark larger. Mesosternum wholly

yellow or wholly black. Wings hyaline. Fore and middle coxae and trochanters

wholly white. Hind coxa black with yellow marks. Hind femur black, yellowish-

brown basally. Hind tibia basally yellow and apically black. First tarsal seg-

ment black. Abdomen black with apical yellow bands.

Two subspecies are recognized: Agonocryptus physocnemis physocnemis

(Brulle) and A. physocnemis nigristernum, n. subsp. Their chief difference

is in the coloration of mesosternum and first tergite, as given in the key.

6a. AGONOCRYPTUS PHYSOCNEMIS PHYSOCNEMIS (Brullé)

Mesostenus physocnemis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier: Histoire Naturelle

des Insectes. Hymenopteres, 4: 236. @. des. Type: 2, Brazil (lost).

Mesostenus luxuriosus Taschenberg, 1876. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw.

Halle, 48:94. 2. des. Type: $, Brazil: [Nova Friburgo] (Halle).

Synonymized by Townes, 1966.

Agonocryptus physocnemis: Townes, 1966. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst.,

Sy 126,

Characterized as under the species and in the key. This subspecies is

more reddish with fore and middle coxae white or white marked and meso-

sternum with white marks. The base of first tergite is reddish or yellow.

Length: ¢: 20-12 mm. Forewing 15-10 mm. ©: 15-12 mm. Forewing

6-8 mm.

Specimens examined: 219, 8%. Brazil: Linhares, Espirito Santo, 59,

60, Sept. 1972. Encruzilhada, Bahia, 980 m., 39, 1°, Nov. 1974. Represa

Rio Grande, Guanabara, 12, June 1967; 1%, Oct. 1967; 12, Jan. 1968; 1°,

March 1972; 42, May 1972. Espirito Santo, Castelo, 12, Nov. 1976; all above

collected by M. Alvarenga.Pedra Azul, Minas Gerais, 800 m., 12, Nov. 1970,

F. M. Oliveira; 22, Nov. 1971, Nov. 1972, Seabra & Olivera (Townes).

Argentina: Corrientes, Las Marias, Ca. Virasoro, 2, Nov. 10-15, 1969,

C. C. Porter (Tucuman). One specimen shows some characters of physoenemis

nigristernum. This one has not been designated paratype.

Distribution: Argentina, Northern Brazil (map 3).

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 17

6b. AGONOCRYPTUS PHYSOCNEMIS NIGRISTERNUM, n. subsp.

This subspecies is differentiated from the typical subspecies in having the

first tergite basally black, clypeal groove black marked, mesosternum black,

without yellow marks and fore and middle coxae black. Otherwise agrees with

the typical subspecies. The two subspecies intergrade in Argentina and further

study may reveal that the two segregats may not have yet assumed subspecific

status.

Length 2: 20-12 mm. Fore wing 15-10 mm. ©: 10-15mm. Fore wing

0-8 mm.

Holotype: ¢, Brazil: Campina Grande, (near Curitiba), Feb. 15, 1966,

H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Allotype: %, same locality and data as the holotype (Townes).

Pavatypes: 102, 6°. Brazil: Same locality as the holotype, 1°, Feb. 17,

1966, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Curitiba, 19, 1%, Jan. 20-31, 1969, L. J.

Stange. Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, 3°, 9°, collected on various dates

from March to December by Fritz Plaumann. Floresta da Tijuca, Guanabara,

1°, Apr. 1966, Alvarenga & Seabra (Townes). Nova Teutonia, 300-500 m.,

19, Oct. 28, 1957; 19, Oct. 30, 1958, Fritz Plaumann (Ottawa).

Distribution: Southern Brazil, ?Argentina. (map. 3).

7. AGONOCRYPTUS LIONELI, n. sp.

Female: Subapical flagellar segments compressed, about as long as wide.

Face and clypeus mat, with fine sparse punctures. Face with a few trans-

striations in-between. Apical margin of clypeus with a median tooth. Malar

space aciculate, equal to the basal width of mandible. Temple shiny. Frons

shiny, impunctate. Vertex shiny, impunctate. Occipital carina touching

hypostomal carina. Pronotum punctate to punctato-striate. Pronotal collar

and upper part of pronotum with fine punctures. Pronotal sulcus with a few or

more striations. Epomia faintly indicated. Mesoscutum shiny, its middle lobe

sparsely punctate and lateral lobes closely punctate with shiny central areas.

Scutellum with a few superficial punctures. Mesopleurum shiny, punctate to

minutely punctate. Metapleurum with close and deep punctures. Basal area of

propodeum punctate, its central area rugoso-striate. Propodeum between the

two trans-carinae rugose and in the yellow area trans-striate to rugose.

Petiolar area longitudinally striate. Areolet a little wider than high. Second

recurrent vein meeting areolet at its middle or in its apical 0.4. Nervellus

intercepted at its upper 0.4. Petiole stout. First sternite reaching up to the

spiracle of first tergite. First tergite shiny, with or without a few fine punc-

tures apicolaterally. Second and third tergites closely and finely punctate.

The following tergites mat.

Two subspecies, A. lioneli lioneli, from Argentina and Brazil, and

A. lioneli coxinota, from Ecuador, are recognized by the characters mentioned

in the key.

Ta. AGONOCRYPTUS LIONELI LIONELI, n. subsp.

Female: Pronotum largely punctate, only with a few striations in the

pronotal sulcus. Punctures on mesopleurum fine and a little apart. Propodeum

centrally rugose, but its yellow area mostly trans-striate. First tergite with

a few fine punctures apicolaterally.

18 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

Black. Head and thorax black with yellow marks. Abdomen yellowish-

_ brown to reddish-brown, with black and yellow marks. Face, clypeus except

apical margin, labrum, temple, orbital rings, pronotal collar, upper part of

pronotum, propleurum apically, a mark on mesoscutum, scutellum, meta-

scutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum, a large oblong mark on meso-

pleurum, a mark on mesosternum, a mark below wings, a mark on metapleur-

um, and a dagger-shaped mark on the apical slope of propodeum, yellow.

Wings hyaline, with brownish marks medially and apically. Legs yellowish.

Fore coxa, trochanters, and femur ventrally black-marked. Middle coxa

reddish-orange, and femur ventrally black. Hind coxa, trochanters, and femur

reddish-orange, its tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown. Abdomen reddish-

brown to brown. First tergite apically and basally yellow, black in the middle,

laterally brownish-red. Second and third tergites without yellow and black

marks.

Male: Flagellar segments hairy and with spines. Male more shiny than

the female, with pronotum with a few punctures on the lower side only. Apical

transverse carina of propodeum strong. Second abdominal tergite medially,

and third only basally, punctate.

Black with yellow marks. Color of head and thorax similar to that of female

except that yellow mark on pronotal collar is interrupted. Hind coxa black with

white marks, its trochanters, femur and tibia reddish-brown, and tibia apically

and first tarsus basally brown. Rest of hind tarsus white. Fore and middle

coxae white with blackish marks baso-dorsally, trochanters yellow, darker

dorsally, femora and tibiae yellowish-brown, and tarsi brownish. Abdominal

tergites 1-3 basally black. Tergites 1-2 apically yellow. Rest of abdomen

reddish-brown.

Length: 10-18mm. Fore wing 7-13 mm.

Holotype: ¢°, Argentina: Tucuman, 11 kilometers west of Las Cejas,

March 9-April 11, 1968, Lionel Stange (Townes).

Allotype: &%, Same locality and data as the holotype, (Townes).

Paratypes: 132, 25°. Argentina: Same data as the holotype, but collected

on different dates from February to April, 52, 21% (Townes). Positos, Salta,

12, 2%, Jan. 1971, M. A. Fritz (Townes). Brazil: Colatina, Espirito Santo,

1°, Oct. 1969, F. M. Oliveira. Bahbalha, Ceara, 400 m., 1%, May 1969,

M. Alvarenga (Townes). Santo Grande, 2¢, 1968, M. Fritz (Townes). Argen-

‘tina: Corrientes, Las Marias, Ca Virasoro, 1°, Nov. 10-15, 1969, C. Porter.

Salta. Rte 34, 12 km. NE Urundel-Arroyo Riacho Seco, 2°, July 24-29, 1978,

Porter and Fidalgo (Porter). Salta, Rio Pescado Ca., 1°, Feb. 19, 1959,

Atmat Bennagar (Porter). Isla, Martin Garcia, 1%, Jan. 1971, H. Zimmer-

mann (Washington).

Distribution: Argentina and Brazil (map 3).

Tb. AGONOCRYPTUS LIONELI COXINOTA, n. subsp.

Female: Pronotum mostly punctato-striate. Punctures on mesopleurum

closer and deeper. Propodeum centrally rugose, including the yellow area.

First tergite mostly impunctate.

Color similar to that of lioneli lioneli, except that the yellow mark on

pronotum interrupted, middle and hind coxae yellow and black marked ventrally,

second and third tergites with black subbasal and yellow apical marks.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 18mm. Fore wing 12-13 mm.

Holotype: 2, Ecuador: San Rafael, 200 m., 1930, Campos R. (Washington).

Distribution: Ecuador (map 3).

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 19

8. AGONOCRYPTUS ARGENTINUS, n. sp.

Female: Subapical flagellar segments compressed, about as wide as long.

Face dull, weakly to moderately striate. Clypeus dull, mat with a few lateral

striations. Malar space aciculate mat, 0.9 times the basal width of mandible.

Frons dull, slightly protuberant in the middle. Temple shiny, impunctate.

Vertex shiny, with a few minute scattered punctures. Occipital carina meeting

hypostomal carina. Pronotum punctate. Pronotal sulcus striate. Epomia

indistinct, sometimes faintly visible in the sulcus. Mesoscutum with scattered

punctures on the middle lobe, its lateral lobes sparsely punctate with smooth

central areas. Scutellum with scattered punctures, which are close in the

apical half. Mesopleurum punctate to punctato-striate in larger and darker

specimens. Metapleurum rugose to reticulato-rugose. Petiolar area of pro-

podeum longitudinally striate. Apical transverse carina broadly interrupted

medially. Areolet rectangular. Second recurrent vein meeting areolet at its

middle or in apical 0.45. Nervellus intercepted at its upper 0.4. Petiole

stout, its sternite reaching spiracle. Postpetiole with scattered punctures.

Second and third tergites closely punctate. The following tergites finely

punctate to mat. Ovipositor 0.6 to 0.7 as long as the abdomen.

Reddish-brown to black. Scape and flagellum reddish-brown to black.

Flagellar segments 6-10 white. Head reddish-brown. Apex of mandible,

malar space, temple medially, and area just below antennal sockets, black.

Inner orbital rings, incomplete outer orbital rings, labrum, and a mark on

clypeus, yellow. Thorax reddish-brown. Pronotal collar, middle lobe of

mesoscutum medially, tegula, subtegular ridge, lower portion of mesopleurum,

mesosternum, area behind wings, metapleurum, and propodeum dark brown.

Sometimes pronotal collar, mesoscutum, mesopleurum, and mesosternum,

reddish-brown. A specimen from Potrerillos, Mendoza, with thorax wholly

black, while in some other specimens from Cordoba, thorax black with reddish

marks on various parts. Wings smoky brownish-black with purple tinge or

hyaline. Fore wing with broad apical and medial dark brown bands. Fore,

middle and hind coxae, and trochanters reddish-brown, with a few fuscous

marks. All femora and tibiae yellow with blackish marks on tibia apically.

Fore and middle tarsi yellowish-brown. Hind tarsus black. Abdomen

brownish-black to black, with first tergite lighter in color.

The specimens exhibit considerable variations in sculpture and color.

However, two subspecies are recognized: A. argentinus argentinus from

Central Argentina, and A. argentinus tucumanus from Northern Argentina.

8a. AGONOCRYPTUS ARGENTINUS ARGENTINUS, n. subsp.

Female: Mesopleurum punctate to striato-punctate in larger and darker

specimens. Color exhibiting considerable variation as described under species

description. Scape and pedicel reddish-brown. Femur and tibia yellow, some-

times darker but not reddish brown. Tibia black in apical 0.14 to 0.12. Wings

smoky brownish-black and with a purple tinge.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 14-18 mm. Fore wing 10-13 mm.

Holotype: ¢, Argentina: Cordoba, Davis (Cambridge).

Pavatypes: 42. Argentina: Cordoba, 3°, W. M. Davis. Mendoza,

Potrerillos, 19, Feb. 20, 1966, C. C. Porter (Cambridge).

Distribution: Central Argentina (map 3).

20 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

8b. AGONOCRYPTUS ARGENTINUS TUCUMANUS, n. subsp.

Female: Mesopleurum striato-punctate. Scape and pedicel black. Face

black, with two small roundish marks just below antennal sockets. Inner

orbits, outer orbits (interrupted), and clypeus except its apical margin,

yellow. Thorax reddish-brown. Hind margin of pronotum, apical corner of

scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, mesopleural area just

below speculum, metapleurum, and central area of propodeum, brownish-

black. Petiolar area yellowish-brown. Wings hyaline, dark brown medially

and apically. Fore leg yellowish-brown, its coxa and first trochanter dorsally

blackish. Middle coxa, trochanters and femur, reddish-brown, its tibia

yellowish-brown and tarsus blackish. Middle coxa and trochanters with brown-

ish marks. Hind coxa, trochanters, and femur reddish-brown, with brownish

marks. Hind tibia yellow with its apical 0.35 black. Hind tarsus black.

Abdomen black with basal 0.5 of first tergite yellowish-brown.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 2, 17mm. Fore wing 13 mm.

Holotype: 2,-Argentina: Tucuman, 11 kilometers west of Las Cejas,

March 7-26, 1967, Lionel Stange (Townes).

Distribution: Northern Argentina (map 3).

Ill. THE HEATHI GROUP

This group is characterized by having a granulose vertex; closely punctate

mesoscutum, with smooth areas in between; and strongly punctate metapleurum,

with punctures stronger than on mesopleurum. The lower portion of occipital

carina is wavy and it meets hypostomal carina at a distance equal to the basal

width of mandible. It includes only one species, Agonocryptus heathi (Brues),

which has an elongated yellow mark on basal area of propodeum and all

abdominal tergites are with yellow apical bands.

9. AGONOCRYPTUS HEATHI (Brues)

Cryptus heathi Brues , 1912. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 5: 196. 2. des.,

fig. Type: ¢, Brazil: Guarabira (= ''Independencia"') in Paraiba

(Cambridge).

Agonocryptus heathi. Cushman, 1929. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 74(16): 7.

Townes, 1966. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst., 8: 128.

| Female: Face with semicircular striations and fine scattered punctures.

Clypeus with a few fine punctures. Malar space mat, equal to the basal width

of mandible. Frons shiny, with a few fine punctures. Vertex granulose.

Occipital carina wavy in the lower portion and meeting hypostomal carina at a

distance equal to the basal width of mandible. Pronotum punctate. Epomia

absent. Mesoscutum punctate, with shiny areas in between. Mesopleurum

finely punctate. Metapleurum more strongly punctate than mesopleurum.

Scutellum finely and sparsely punctate. Propodeum basally closely and deeply

punctate, centrally rugoso-striate. Apical transverse carina complete.

Areolet pentagonal. Second intercubitus not as strong as the first. Second

recurrent vein meeting areolet at its apical 0.4. Nervellus intercepted at its

upper 0.35. Petiolar area irregularly striate. Petiole stout, its sternite

extending up to spiracle. Petiole and postpetiole shiny, with a few impressions

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 21

of punctures laterally. Second and third tergites closely and finely punctate,

the following tergites finely mat.

Black. Thorax yellow marked. Abdomen yellowish-brown with yellow

bands. Face yellow with a central triangular black mark. Malar space, apex

of mandible, frons and vertex medially, black. Pronotal collar, upper edge of

pronotum, a mark on mesoscutum, tegula, subtegular ridge, scutellum, meta-

scutellum, an oblong mark on mesopleurum, a mark below wings, a mark on

mesosternum, a broad mark on metapleurum, a small mark at the center of

basal area of propodeum, and a dagger-shaped mark at the apical slope of

propodeum, yellow. Hind coxa, trochanters, femur and tibia yellowish-brown,

with tibia basally lighter and apically a little darker. Hind tarsus and a small

mark on coxa dorsally, white. Fore and middle legs largely yellowish, with

darker patches. Wings hyaline. Fore wing with dark band at apex and just

before stigma. Abdomen yellowish-brown with apical yellow bands on tergites.

Length: 12mm. Fore wing 8 mm.

Specimens examined: 22. Brazil: Independencia (Guarabira), Paraiba,

12 (type), Mann & Heath (Cambridge). Brazil: Caruaru, 900 m., 12, April,

1972, M. Alvarenga (Townes). This specimen exhibits slight variations from

the type, with face more strongly striate, a small yellow mark on side of pro-

podeum, and middle coxa with a small yellow mark.

Distribution. Brazil (map 2).

IV. THE VARUS GROUP

Related and rather similar to the Amoenus Group in having smooth frons,

mesoscutum and vertex, but the occipital carina is not strongly deflected

inwards, rather pointing towards base of mandible or towards apex of hyposto-

mal carina, always away from it by varying distances (except in gossypii).

Postgenal area not conspicuously flattened or widened, more uniformly arched

with the lower part of gena. Basal flagellar segments in female flattened (less

so in a@dustus paulus, and not so in gossypii). First abdominal segment not very

slender, in female about 2.0 to 2.4 its apical width, and quadrangular in cross-

section in subbasal region, its sternite extending up to the middle (level of

spiracle), or slightly beyond it (0.4-0.6 length of tergite). Epomia absent

(or faintly seen in adustus paulus).

The males have long hairs on flagellar segments (except in gossypii),

each segment also usually with long spine-like stout seta amongst the hairs at

the apex of segments, particularly from fourth flagellar segment onwards.

Males of most species are similar looking and not very diagnostic. They are

slender in build. They even resemble the males of the Amoenus Group.

A. gossypii is exceptional in many characters, particularly in having the

occipital carina touching the hypostomal carina, and in other characters

mentioned in parenthesis above. However, it fits better in this group than any

where else.

This group includes A. varus (Brullé), and five new species:

gossypii, adustus, erugatus, leurosus and rufigaster, all from the Neotropical

Region. Of the species placed in this group, A. evugatus is rather stout with

abdomen smooth and polished, hairs on apical tergites rather sparse dorsally,

and fourth to sixth abdominal tergites without apical fringe of hairs. The pro-

podeum basad of basal carina is smooth and shiny. A. leurosus has the pro-

notum striate and the areolet is rather wide, about 1.5-1.75 x as wide as high.

A. adustus and A. rufigastery have the first abdominal sternite extending up to

0.6 the length of tergite, but in adustus the propodeum basad of basal carina

22 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

is polished with only a few punctures or weak striations and apical transverse

carina of propodeum is indistinct, while in rufigaster the propodeum is striate

basally and rugose in the central yellow area and the apical transverse carina

is distinct. The petiolar area is with vertical striations. A. varus has the

first sternite ending at the level of spiracle, propodeum striate medially

rather than rugose, petiolar area mat, wings without fuscous marks, pronotum

mat, and areolet more squarish. Otherwise it comes close to rufigaster in the

sculpture of basal area of propodeum and in the shape of apical transverse

carina of propodeum. A. gossypii is rather distinctive. It is a small sized

Species, with occipital carina meeting hypostomal carina, and flagellar seg-

ments not flattened and without long hairs.

10. AGONOCRYPTUS VARUS (Brullé)

Female: Face with fine trans-striations. Clypeus with a few fine stria-

tions laterally. Malar space finely aciculate, equal to the basal width of man-

dible. Temple close to the malar space with a few fine aciculations. Frons

dull, without punctures. Temple and vertex shiny, impunctate. Occipital

carina away from hypostomal carina by a distance equal to 0.5 the basal

width of mandible. Pronotum smooth, with scattered punctures, groove along

its hind margin smooth. Mesoscutum, scutellum, mesopleurum and meta-

pleurum shiny, with minute setiferous punctures. Basal area of propodeum

finely striate. Central area of propodeum between the basal and apical trans-

verse Carinae trans-striate. Apical transverse carina strongly arched medi-

ally. Petiolar area smooth to dull, mat. Areolet more squarish, about 1.2 as

wide as high; second recurrent vein meeting in its middle. First abdominal

segment 2.2 as long as its apical width; its sternite ending at the level of

spiracle, about 0.5 the length of its tergite. All abdominal tergites dull, with

hairs, which become denser on apical tergites. Second abdominal tergite punc-

tate medially and third at base. Ovipositor about 0.72 the length of abdomen.

Two subspecies are recognized: A. varus varus (Brulle) and A. varus

nigrifemur, n. subsp., based upon the color of legs, pronotal collar and

abdomen, as given in the key.

A specimen from Jamaica (from Washington Museum) is damaged and has

a reddish thorax and black abdomen, and probably represents a distinct sub-

species. It is not named because of its damaged condition.

10a. AGONOCRYPTUS VARUS VARUS (Brullé)

Mesostenus varus Brullé, 1846, In Lepeletier: Histoire naturelle des

Insectes, Hymenopteéres, 4: 235. 2. des. Type: 9, Guyana"

(Paris).

Agonocryptus varus: Townes, 1966, Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst., 8: 128.

Female: Black with yellow marks; abdomen yellowish-brown. Face,

clypeus (except apical margin), labrum, orbital rings, a mark on mesoscutum,

scutellum, metascutellum, pronotal collar, upper part of pronotum, propleurum,

tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum, a mark below wings, a large oblong mark

on mesopleurum, a mark on metapleurum, and a dagger-shaped mark on apical

slope of propodeum, yellow. Legs yellow, with hind coxa, trochanters and

femur brownish. Fore coxa with a black mark at base ventrally. Wings hya-

line, without fuscous marks.

Male: Face transversely striated. Clypeus shiny. Malar space granu-

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 23

lose, slightly less than the basal width of mandible. Temple close to the

malar space with a few fine aciculations. Frons dull without punctures.

Temple and vertex shiny, impunctate. Occipital carina reaching the hypostomal

carina. Pronotum smooth, its upper part with close superficial punctures, its

hind margin punctate with a few striations. Mesoscutum, scutellum, meso-

pleurum and metapleurum shiny, with minute setiferous punctures. Basal

area of propodeum striate; central area of propodeum between basal transverse

and apical transverse carinae trans-striate. Apical transverse carina strongly

arched medially. Petiolar area longitudinally striate. Areolet slightly wider

than high; second recurrent vein meeting at its middle. First abdominal ter-

gite 3.5 x its tergite. Abdominal tergites shiny. Second abdominal tergite

medially and third basally punctate.

Black with yellow marks. Abdomen yellowish-brown, with black bands.

Face, clypeus, labrum, base on mandible, temple, malar space, orbital rings,

a mark on mesoscutum, scutellum, matascutellum, pronotal collar, pronotum,

(except upper sulcus) propleurum, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum, a mark

below wing, lower part of mesopleurum, mesosternum, metapleurum anda

dagger-shaped mark on apical slope of propodeum, yellow. Legs yellow. Fore

femur and tibia dorsally with an elongate brown mark, third and fourth tarsal

segments and claws black. Middle femur and tibia dorsally with an elongate

brown mark, tarsus and claws black. Hind coxa and trochanters dorsally

black marked, femur apically and apical 0.6 of tibia and apical 0.6 of basi-

tarsus black. First abdominal tergite apically and basally and second to fifth

abdominal tergites apically with yellow bands.

Length 2: 16-20 mm. Fore wing 12-15mm. ©: 10-15mm. Fore wing

6-12 mm.

Specimen examined: 399, 2¢0°. 1 (type), (Paris). The type has no

locality label; only a green circular label, and an identification label. Panama:

Barro Colo, Is., CZ, 12, June 1940, Zetek 4669 (Washington). Tobago Is.,

12, Feb. 14, 1912, A. BusckColl. (Washington). Tobago Is., 1°, Feb. 24,

1912, 1°, Feb. 23, 1912, A. Busck Coll. (Washington).

Distribution: Panama and "'Guiana’’ (map 4).

10b. AGONOCRYPTUS VARUS NIGRIFEMUR, n. subsp.

Female: Pronotal collar wholly yellow. Mesosternum with yellow

marks. Fore leg yellow, its coxa and femur black ventrally, and tarsus

brownish. Middle coxa black with dorsal yellow mark, trochanters and

femur black, tibia yellow, tarsus brownish. Hind coxa reddish-brown, darker

ventrally, trochanters brown, femur black, tibia and tarsus yellow. Abdomen

brown with blackish areas in middle of first, second, third, and fourth tergites.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 15mm. Fore wing 10 mm.

Holotype: 2, Argentina: Salta, Route 34, 12 kilometers northeast of

Urundel-Arroyo Riacho Seco, July 24-29, 1978, Porter and Fidalgo (Porter).

Paratype: 12, Argentina: Salta, Rio Pescado, Ca Oran, May 23, 1970,

C. Porter (Porter).

Distribution: Argentina (map 4).

11. AGONOCRYPTUS RUFIGASTER, n. sp.

Female: Face with fine trans-striations. Clypeus with a few fine stria-

tions laterally and centrally with a few punctures in between. Malar space

24 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

finely aciculate, equal to the basal width of mandible. Temple close to malar

space with a few fine aciculations. Frons, vertex and temple shiny, impunc-

tate. Occipital carina very close to hypostomal carina but not meeting it.

Pronotum shiny, punctate, its hind margin smooth above, striate below.

Middle lobe of mesoscutum only basally with a few punctures. Mesoscutum

otherwise smooth and shiny. Scutellum, mesopleurum and metapleurum shiny

with minute setiferous punctures. Basal area of propodeum finely striate;

area above spiracle striato-punctate; central area of propodeum strongly

rugose; petiolar area with vertical striations; apical transverse carina distinct,

complete and strongly arched medially. Areolet 1.5 as wide as high. Second

recurrent vein meeting at its apical 0.40. Nervellus intercepted at its upper

0.40. First abdominal segment 2.2 as long as its apical width, its sternite

extending up to 0.6 its length. All abdominal tergites shiny, with hairs.

Fourth tergite onwards with an apical fringe of hairs. Second and third ter-

gites minutely and finely punctate. Ovipositor about 0. 84 the length of abdo-

men. |

Black, with yellow marks; abdomen yellowish-brown. General coloration

similar to that of A. varus. Differences are: yellow mark on pronotal collar

interrupted medially. Lateral lobes of mesoscutum with a crescentic mark.

Fore wing infuscate centrally and apically.

Male: Similar to that of A. adustus paulus in structure and color and

differs only in the lighter color of hind coxa and hind femur.

Length: 11-16mm. Fore wing 8-13 mm.

Holotype: °, Surinam: Paramaibo, malaise trap, March 2-4, 1964,

D. C. Geijskes (Townes).

Allotype: %, Surinam: 45 kilometers south of Paramairbo, Oct. 3-8,

1963, D. C. Geijskes (Townes).

Distribution: Surinam (map 4).

12. AGONOCRYPTUS ADUSTUS, sp. nov.

Female: Face granulose with submedian trans-striations or with a few

punctures. Clypeus granulose with a few superficial punctures medially.

Malar space granulose. Frons, temple and vertex shiny, impunctate.

Occipital carina away from hypostomal carina by a distance equal to the basal

width of mandible. Pronotum with scattered punctures, its scrobe long, hind

margin wrinkled. Middle lobe of mesoscutum basally punctate. Mesoscutum

otherwise smooth and shiny. Scutellum, mesopleurum, mesosternum and

metapleurum mostly shiny and with a few minute setiferous punctures. Pro-

podeum largely smooth, with weak to indistinct striations, particularly on the

basal area; apical transverse carina indistinct, if faintly indicated, more semi-

circular, like carinae bordering petiolar area. Areolet 1.3 to 1.4 as wide as

high. Second recurrent vein meeting areolet at middle or in its apical 0.3.

Nervellus intercepted at its upper 0.4. First abdominal segment 2.2 as long

as its apical width, shiny; its sternite extending up to 0.6 the length of tergite.

Second and third tergites with a few fine punctures basolaterally. The follow-

ing tergites smooth and shiny. Fourth and following tergites rather uniformly

hairy dorsally with their margins fringed with hairs, especially on seventh and

eighth. Ovipositor 0.7 the length of abdomen.

Black, the head and thorax marked with yellow and abdomen reddish-

brown. Head yellow except clypeal margin, malar space, mandible, frons and

vertex medially, and whole of occiput, black. Pronotal collar wholly yellow or

interrupted in the middle. Upper margin of pronotum, propleurum, a mark at

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 25

apex of middle lobe of mesoscutum, scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, sub-

tegular ridge, speculum, a mark behind hind wing, a broad and oblong mark

on mesopleurum, a large mark on metapleurum, and an inverted T-shaped

mark on apical slope of propodeum, yellow. Leg color as described under the

subspecies. Wings hyaline with fore wing marked brown medially and apically.

Abdomen wholly reddish-brown or first tergite with basal and apical yellow

marks and second tergite apically yellow, bordered with black. Tip of abdomen

fuscous.

Male: Rather thin and slender as compared to the female, with antennal

segments with long hairs and a stiff seta at apex of each flagellar segment

among the hairs. Body sculpture generally similar to that of female, but

males show considerable variation. Face shallowly punctate to trans-striate.

Frons smoother to punctate. Basal area of propodeum smooth to rough. Pro-

podeum centrally striate to rugose. Apical transverse carina distinct.

Black. Antenna wholly black. Head yellow with mandible, frons and ver-

tex medially and upper half of occiput, black. Thorax black with pronotal

collar, upper margin of pronotum, propleurum, a mark at apex of middle lobe

of mesoscutum, scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum,

area behind hind wing broadly, and oblong mark on meso and metapleurum,

and petiolar area, yellow. Wings hyaline. Fore wing only apically lightly to

moderately fuscous; fore and middle coxae and trochanters yellow, their femora,

tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown with middle tarsus blackish. Hind leg either

wholly black with coxa encircled with white, or coxa, first trochanteral seg-

ment and femur reddish-brown. Abdomen either largely black with apices of

first to third segments and sides of fourth to sixth segments yellow, or apical

half of all tergites yellowish-brown; color of hind leg and abdominal tergites

highly variable in the two subspecies described below. |

Two subspecies are recognized, which have been keyed out along with the

key to the species. A. adustus adustus occurs in Peru and at lower elevations

in Brazil and Ecuador bordering Peru southeast of the high Andes running

across Colombia and Ecuador. A. adustus paulus occurs on the Andes in

Colombia and Ecuador and also west of the same at somewhat lower elevations.

12a. AGONOCRYPTUS ADUSTUS ADUSTUS, n. subsp.

Female: Face finely shagreened with trans-striations. Basal area of

propodeum smooth and shiny, with a few fine punctures. Central area finely

to moderately striate. Pronotum with minute punctures. Basal flagellar seg-

ments somewhat flattened.

General color as described under the species. Differences and variations

are: Face with small lateral black marks just above clypeus in the paratypes.

Yellow mark along pronotal collar complete. Mesosternum black. Speculum

only with a small yellow mark. Sometimes apex of first tergite yellow. Fore

and middle legs largely yellow with coxae blackish on their posterior sides,

their second trochanteral segments and femora blackish-brown dorsally and

apical tarsal segments brownish. (In one paratype the brownish mark on

middle femur appears more ventral in position.) Hind coxa, trochanters and

femur reddish-brown, tibia and tarsus yellow with fifth and sometimes fourth

also, blackish-brown.

Male: Face shallowly striate; in one paratype smoother and with shallow

punctures. Frons punctate to smooth. Propodeum basally smooth and shiny

and centrally striate.

Mesosternum black, sometimes mesosternum yellow near middle coxa.

26 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

Hind leg wholly black or hind femur brownish-black. Fore wing of allotype

darkly fuscous apically; other paratypes with lightly to darkly fuscous fore

wing tip. Abdomen largely black with only apices of tergites brownish. Some-

times yellow marks on sides of thorax smaller.

Length: °, 8-14mm. Fore wing 6-10 mm.

Holotype: °, Peru: Avispas, 30m. nr. Marcapata, Sept. 1962, Luis Pena

(Townes).

Allotype *, same data as the holotype, except collected on Oct. 1-15, 1962

(Townes).

Paratypes: 22, 50%. Peru: Quincemil, 750 m, near Marcapata, 12, Nov.

1962; 3 %, Oct. 20-30, 1962. Avispas, 30 m. near Marcapata, 1%, Sept.

1962, all collected by Luis Pena (Townes). Brazil: Jacareacanga, Para, 19,

Dec. 1968, Moacir Alvarenga (Townes). Ecuador: Napo and Coca Rivers, 1°,

May 2-10, 1965, Luis Pefia (Townes).

Distribution: Peru, and at lower elevations in Brazil and Ecuador (map 4).

-12b. AGONOCRYPTUS ADUSTUS PAULUS, n. subsp.

Female: Basal flagellar segments not conspicuously flattened (exception,

perhaps due to smaller sized specimens). Face shiny with a few scattered

punctures, without striations; pronotum shallowly punctate and shiny. Pro-

podeum shallowly striate in the middle. Otherwise smooth and shiny.

Black. Vertex with a Y-shaped yellow mark. Mesosternum with yellow

marks. Yellow mark on pronotal collar interrupted medially. Fore and

middle legs similarly colored. Coxae and first trochanteral segments whitish-

yellow. Coxa ventrally black. Second trochanter, femur and tibia yellow,

femur dorsally brownish-black; tarsus brownish. Hind coxa, trochanters and

femur reddish-brown with fuscous marks, coxa with a dorsal yellow line, apex

of femur blackish, tibia and tarsus yellow but fourth and fifth tarsal segments

black. Apical fuscous mark on fore wing more conspicuous. First tergite

apically and basally broadly yellow. Second tergite apically yellow, subapically

black adjacent to the yellow mark.

Male: Face shallowly striate with a few punctures in between striations;

frons and pronotum smooth and shiny; propodeum centrally rugoso-striate.

Black. Mesosternum largely yellow. Hind coxa and femur reddish-brown,

trochanters and tibia black, tarsus either wholly black or third segment and

sometimes second segment partly yellow. Sometimes hind femur brownish-

black as is tibia and tarsus, but coxa always reddish-brown. Mesosternum at

least partly yellow. Abdominal segments black basally and reddish-brown

apically. First tergite yellow basally and apically and second tergite largely

black. Color otherwise similar to that of adustus adustus.

Length: 2, 10mm. Fore wing 8 mm.

Holotype: 2, Colombia: Cali, Oct. 1971, M. J. W. Eberhard (Townes).

Allotype “, same data as holotype (Townes).

Paratypes 8 %. Colombia: Cali, 3 %, same data as holotype. Ecuador:

Santo Domingo, 680 m, 3 °%, May 15-30, 1975, S. & J. Peck. Loja: Latoma,

1500 m, 2 ©, Nov. 18-19, 1970, Luis Pefia (Townes).

Distribution: Colombia and Ecuador (map 4).

13. AGONOCRYPTUS GOSSYPI, n. sp.

Female: Face granulose with a few scattered punctures. Clypeus shiny,

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) ai

impunctate, its apical margin without a median tooth. Malar space mat, 0.6

as long as the basal width of mandible. Temple, frons, and vertex shiny,

impunctate. Occipital carina meeting hypostomal carina. Pronotum shiny,

impunctate. Epomia absent. Middle lobe of mesoscutum with a few punctures

basally. Scutellum impunctate. Mesopleurum with a few fine punctures.

Metapleurum with a little coarser punctures as compared to mesopleurum, but

punctures not deep. Propodeum basally with a few large scattered punctures.

Propodeum medially transversely rugose. Petiolar area a little smoother.

Areolet rectangular, 1.5 as wide as high. Second intercubitus absent. Second

recurrent vein meeting areolet at its apical 0.33. First abdominal segment 2.0

as long as its apical width, its sternite ending at the level of its spiracle.

First tergite shiny, impunctate. Second tergite with moderately sparse punc-

tures, punctures large. Third and fourth tergites basally with close, fine

punctures. The following tergites mat. Ovipositor 0.8 as long as the abdomen.

Yellowish-brown. Abdomen brownish-black. Head, scape, and antenna

brown, except interrupted inner and outer orbital rings. Clypeus broadly, and

labrum, yellow. Wings tinged with fuscous-brown. Legs yellowish-brown,

with middle tarsus, hind trochanters, femur, tibia, basal 0.5 of hind basitar-

sus, and fourth tarsal segment, brown. Abdomen brownish-black. First seg-

ment brownish.

Male: Generally similar to the female, the flagellar segments without long

hairs but with spines in between. Face wholly yellow. Petiolar area of pro-

podeum yellow. Hind trochanters, femur and basal 0.5 of tibia yellowish-

brown. First tergite of the same color as the rest of the abdomen.

Length: 8-10 mm. Fore wing 6 mm.

Holotype: ¢, Brazil: Sao Paulo, July 27, 1936, E. J. A. Hambleton, ex

cotton stalks infested with Gasterocercodes gossypii, No. 27 (Washington).

Allotype: ¢, same locality and data as the holotype (Washington).

Pavatypes: 19, 1%, same data as the holotype (Washington).

Distribution: Brazil (map 4).

14. AGONOCRYPTUS LEUROSUS, n. sp.

Female: Face and clypeus finely, transversely striate with punctures in

between. Malar space longitudinally aciculate and 0.9 the basal width of man-

dible. Temple close to malar space aciculate, otherwise smooth and shiny.

Frons smooth and shiny, with a few minute superficial punctures. Vertex

smooth and shiny, impunctate. Occipital carina away from hypostomal carina

by basal width of mandible, pronotum striate, particularly along the sulcus

and along posterior margin. Pronotal collar and upper margin with scattered

punctures. Mesoscutum smooth and shiny, only the basal area of middle lobe

with a few close punctures. Scutellum, mesopleurum, and mesosternum with

moderately sparse fine punctures. Metapleurum shiny, with a few fine punc-

tures to moderately deep punctures. Propodeum basally finely wholly striate,

centrally striate; petiolar area semicircularly or irregularly striate. Areolet

rather wide, about 1.5 to 1.75 as wide as high. Second recurrent vein meeting

areolet at its apical 0.4. Nervellus intercepted at its upper 0.45. First abdo-

minal segment shiny, about 2.2 as long as its apical width. First sternite

ending at the level of spiracle, 0.5 the length of tergite. Second and third ab-

dominal tergites closely, finely punctate. Abdominal tergites hairy, especially

fourth tergite onwards. Ovipositor 0.85 the length of abdomen.

Black with yellow marks. Abdomen reddish. Face, clypeus except its

apical margin, labrum, orbital ring, a triangular mark on mesoscutum, scu-

28 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

tellum, metascutellum, an interrupted mark on pronotal collar, upper margin

of pronotum, apical part of propleurum, tegula, subtegular ridge, a mark

below hind wing, a large mark on metapleurum and an inverted T-shaped mark

on apical slope of propodeum, yellow. Yellow mark on mesosternum present

or absent depending upon the subspecies. Wings hyaline, without fuscous

bands. Abdomen reddish-brown either wholly or with yellow and black marks

on first and second tergites. 7

14a. AGONOCRYPTUS LEUROSUS LEUROSUS, subsp. nov.

Female: Characterized by having the second abdominal tergite less

strongly punctate, more shiny, and abdomen wholly reddish-brown, without

any fuscous or yellow marks. Mesosternum wholly black, without yellow

marks. Fore leg yellow with coxa underneath and femur except dorsally,

black. Fourth and fifth tarsal segments blackish. Middle coxa yellow dor-

sally and black ventrally and on the inner side. Femur yellowish-brown with

black ventral and lateral lines. Trochanters and tibia yellow. Basal two tar-

sal segments yellowish-brown and rest black. Hind coxa, trochanters and

femur reddish-brown. Hind tibia and basal three tarsal segments yellow,

apical two tarsal segments black.

Male: Similar to the female, flagellar segments with long hairs, each

segment also with a long spine-like stout seta among the hairs at the apex of

the segment, particularly segment four onwards. Frons punctate. Pronotum

shiny, with a few striations in the sulcus. Propodeum striato-rugose. Apical

transverse carina of propodeum present.

Black with yellow marks. Abdomen a little brownish apically. Antenna

black, flagellar segments with yellow marks. Head yellow. Apex of mandible,

frons, vertex, and occiput medially black. Pronotal collar, upper part of

pronotum, propleurum, a mark on middle lobe of mesoscutum, scutellum,

metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, a mark behind hind wing, meso-

pleurum broadly, mesosternum wholly, metapleurum except basal region,

and a small T-shaped mark at the apical slope of propodeum, yellow. Coxae

and first trochanters of fore and middle legs yellow. Femora and tibia of both

legs yellowish-brown. Fourth and fifth tarsal segments of fore leg and all tar-

sal segments of middle leg brownish-black. Hind leg black with femur lighter

in color at base. Wings hyaline, a little clouded apically. First tergite yellow,

medially black. Second tergite with an apical yellow band. Third and fourth

tergites basally black and apically yellow. The following tergites yellowish-

brown.

Length: 14-18 mm. Fore wing 10-14 mm.

Holotype: ¢, Brazil: Matto Grosso, Sinap, Oct. 1975, M. Alvarenga

(Townes).

Allotype: %, Brazil: Goias, Jatai, Nov. 1972, F. M. Oliveira (Townes).

Paratypes: 24%, Brazil: Goias, Jatai, 14°, Nov. 1972, F. M. Oliveira

(Townes). Vila Vera, 3%, Oct. 1973, M. Alvarenga (Townes). Vilhena, Rond,

3%, Nov. 1977, M. Alvarenga (Townes).

Distribution: Brazil (map 4).

14b. AGONOCRYPTUS LEUROSUS FLAVOSTERNUM, subsp. nov.

Female: Characterized by having the abdomen reddish-brown as in the

typical subspecies, but the first tergite has a yellow mark at apex, and two

black marks laterally. Second tergite also with a triangular broad apical black

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 29

mark. Punctures on second tergite rather strong and more distinct and apical

abdominal tergites more hairy, apical tergite blackish in the middle. Meso-

sternum with yellow marks. Fore leg yellow, coxa with a black ventral mark,

trochanter and femur dorsally blackish-brown, apical tarsal segments brown-

ish. Middle coxa reddish-brown with a yellow triangular spot, trochanters

yellow, femur black dorsally, apical tarsal segments brownish, rest of middle

leg yellowish. Hind coxa, trochanters and femur reddish-brown. Hind tibia

and tarsus yellow with apical two tarsal segments brownish.

Male: Similar to that of leurosus leurosus except that pronotum shiny,

without striations and propodeum striate.

Color similar to that of leurosus leurosus except that yellow mark on meso-

pleurum not extensive and yellow mark on apical slope of propodeum not T-

shaped.

Length: 20mm. Fore wing 16 mm.

Holotype: ¢, Paraguay: Villarica, Dec., F. Schade (Cambridge).

Allotype: %, Paraguay: Carumbe, Feb. 1, 1966, R. Golbach (Townes).

Paratypes: 4°, 140°. Same data as the holotype, 3° (Cambridge).

Carumbe, 1°, March 8, 1966, R. Golbach. Pirareta, 2%, Dec. 26, 1971,

Luis Pena. Bolivia: Altobeni, Palos Blancos, 600 m., 1°, Luis Pena.

Argentina: Salta Pocitos, 3°, Jan. 1972, Manfredo Fritz. Jujuy, Aguas

Calientes, 650m, 2°, Dec. 18-20, 1968, L. Pena. Salta, Tartagal, 1%, Jan.

1972, Fritz (Townes). Argentina: Formosa, Mision-Aishi, 12, Dec. 15, 1948,

R. Solbach. Salta, Campamento Jakulica, 40 kilometers east of Aguas Blancas,

3°, C. Porter. Corrientes Paso de la Patria, 1%, Nov. 5-7, 1969, C. Porter

(Porter).

Distribution: Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina {map 4).

15. AGONOCRYPTUS ERUGATUS, n. sp.

Female: Rather stout species. Face finely striate. Clypeus with a few

fine punctures. Malar space aciculate. Frons and vertex smooth and shiny.

Occipital carina close to hypostomal carina, but not touching. Pronotum

minutely punctate, shiny in between. Pronotal sulcus with wrinkles, which

are more prominent in lower half, upper half of groove along hind margin

smooth. Mesoscutum smooth and shiny, only the middle lobe at base with a

few punctures. Scutellum, mesopleurum and metapleurum with a few fine

scattered punctures. Propodeum basad of basal carina smooth and shiny, with

a few scattered punctures, area basad of spiracle with crowded punctures.

Central area of propodeum with rather weak striations with punctures in

between. Striations faded laterally; petiolar area smooth, impunctate. Areolet

about 1.5 as wide as high, with recurrent vein meeting areolet in the middle.

Nervellus intercepted in its upper 0.45. First abdominal segment 2.0 its

apical width. First sternite 0.4 the length of first tergite. All abdominal

tergites shiny, impunctate, sparsely hairy dorsally. Tips of seventh and

eighth with sparse hairs. Ovipositor 0.67 the length of abdomen.

Black with yellow marks; abdomen reddish-brown. Scape ventrally with

two yellow marks. Head yellow. Face with two small marks, two dots along

epistomal groove, margin of clypeus, malar space, mandible except basally,

frons and vertex medially, and upper half of occiput, black. Thorax black

with yellow spots on pronotum dorsally, pronotal collar, upper margin of pro-

notum, propleurum, a triangular mark at apex of middle lobe of mesoscutum,

scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum, a mark below

hind wing, long oblong areas on meso- and metapleurum, an elongate mark on

30 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

mesosternum and an inverted T-shaped mark on propodeum, yellow. Fore

and middle legs yellow with their coxae basally black marked, their femora

dorsally brownish-black and apical three tarsal segments brownish-black.

Hind coxa yellow with a large brownish spot basoventrally and along inner side.

Hind trochanters and femur reddish-brown, tibia and tarsus yellow with apical

two tarsal segments dark brown; apex of femur fuscous dorsally. Wings hyaline.

First abdominal segment yellow with a black subapical irregular mark. Second

tergite with a triangular basal yellow mark, an apical yellow stripe, and two

irregular yellow spots on sides, also with two triangular and linear black marks

between the yellow and brownish color of the tergite. Third tergite with an

elongate black basal mark and two yellow spots basolaterally. Apex of abdomen

brownish-black. Intersegmental membranes yellow.

Male: Very slender as compared to the female. Flagellar segments with

long hairs; each segment with a long spine-like seta at its apex, particularly

from fourth flagellar segment onwards. Sculpture generally similar to female

but frons with a few punctures. Pronotum smoother. Propodeum basally with

sparse scattered punctures and a few striations, centrally striate between basal

and apical transverse carinae. Petiolar area of propodeum longitudinally and

irregularly striate (in some males smoother). |

Black with yellow marks. Scape with a small yellow mark. Flagellar

segments 10 to 13 dorsally yellow. Color of thorax similar to that of female

except that black marks on face are absent and yellow mark on propodeum very

small. Fore and middle legs yellow with their femora, tibia and tarsi reddish-

brown. Middle tarsus blackish. Hind coxa yellowish-brown, dorsally with a

dark brown line, femur dark brown, trochanters, tibia and tarsus (except

second and third segments), blackish, second and third segments white, second

often partly blackish. Wings hyaline. First abdominal segment yellow

apically and basally, medially black. Second segment black in basal 0.75.

Third and often the fourth basally black. Rest of tergites reddish-brown with

their bases a little darker.

Length: 8-20 mm; fore wing 5-16 mm.

Holotype: °, Panama: Canal Zone: Margarita, Feb. 1960, S. Breeland

(Townes).

Allotype: %, same locality and collector as the holotype, March 1960

(Townes).

Pavatypes: 4%. Same data as allotype, 2°. Colombia: Rio Atrato

Camp Sautata, 1%, Nov. 11-Dec. 14, 1967. Panama: Barro Colorado Is., 1¢,

March 11-31, 1963, C. & M. Rettenmeyer (Townes).

Distribution: Panama and Colombia (map 4).

V. THE AMOENUS GROUP

This group is characterized by having the frons smooth; face smooth to

finely striate; vertex smooth; occipital carina deflected inwards either strongly

(pointed towards base or middle of hypostomal carina) or weakly (intvicolor), com-

ingvery close to joining hypostomal carina, or erased for a distance equal to the

basal width of mandible; postgenal area somewhat flattened and widened and separ-

ated from the lower portion of gena by a crease (Seeninprofile). Mesoscutum

smooth. Thorax generally smooth. Propodeum striate (except in tricolor).

Apical transverse carina of propodeum absent in females and present in males

(of tvicolor only known). Sometimes transverse carinae at the junction of yellow

and black color prominent and appearing like transverse carina, though not

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 31

really present. Abdomen smooth or with scattered minute punctures, particu-

larly on second and third tergites. Petiole long and slender, rounded in cross-

section near its base. Length of first abdominal segment about 3.0 its apical

width (a little shorter in admivandus, about 2.75 x), its sternite long and

extending to 0.70 to 0.8 the length of tergite. Ovipositor about half the length

of abdomen (0. 5-0. 65).

This group includes A. admirandus Cresson from Mexico and three new

species, amoenus and tricolor from Brazil and bispotus from Mexico (Map 5).

A, admirandus can be readily distinguished by having the prepectal carina

short, extending only in the lower 0.5 of mesopleurum; occipital carina

erased for a distance about 0.75 the basal width of mandible; pronotum punc-

tate with area along its hind margin wrinkled, epomia absent, first abdominal

sternite extending to 0.65 the length of tergite, and hind femur largely black.

All other species have the prepectal carina extending up to 0.8 the height of

mesopleurum. A. amoenus is distinctive in having the occipital carina

strongly deflected inwards and coming very close to hypostomal carina near its

base rather than in the apical region; pronotum smooth, epomia absent, groove

along hind margin wrinkled first sternite long, extending to a distance about

0.8 the length of tergite, abdominal tergites without hairs. Hind femur with

extensive blackish marks. In all other species of this group the apical abdom-

inal tergites are beset with conspicuous hairs.

A. bispotus is the only species of this group with epomia. It has the

occipital carina deflected inwards but is erased for a distance equal to the

basal width of mandible, pronotum punctate in the middle groove and striate

along hind margin, first sternite about 0.75 the length of its tergite, hind femur

largely yellow, and the speculum yellow (as is the case in admivandus, while in

other species it is black). A. tricolor is the only species in which the propode-

um is smoother in the female, with only a few trans-striations centrally. In

male the propodeum is striate and the apical transverse carina is distinct. It

has the occipital carina erased as in bispotus, but not deflected inwards, pro-

notum with minute scattered punctures, groove along hind margin smooth,

epomia absent, first sternite extending up to 0.75 the length of its tergite,

and hind femur red.

The males have the occipital carina a little closer to the hypostomal carina

and the hind leg largely black. They also have large hairs on the antennal

flagellum. White marks on flagellar segments are present dorsally or absent,

but not forming a complete ring.

16. AGONOCRYPTUS ADMIRANDUS (Cresson)

Mesostenus (Mesostenus) admirandus Cresson, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Philadelphia, 1873: 155. %. key, des. Type: ¢, Mexico: Orizaba

(Philadelphia).

Agonocryptus admivandus: Townes, 1946, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, 5: 31.

Townes, 1966. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 8: 128.

Female: Face and clypeus shiny with a few fine striations. Frons shiny

with a few fine punctures close to ocelli. Vertex medially with a few super-

ficial punctures. Malar space granulose, equal to the basal width of mandible.

Temple smooth and shiny, a little granulose close to malar space. Occipital

carina erased for a distance about 0.75 the basal width of mandible. Meso-

scutum shiny, with scattered punctures. Pronotum with scattered punctures.

Pronotal sulcus with a few striations. Scutellum punctate. Mesopleurum and

32 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

metapleurum shiny and with scattered superficial fine punctures. Mesopleurum

just below subtegular ridge striate. Prepectal carina reaching 0.5 the height

of mesopleurum. Propodeum basally between the two yellow marks semicircu-

larly striate, punctate basolaterally just above the spiracle; centrally punctato-

striate. Petiolar area of propodeum laterally punctate, in the middle shiny and

with a few trans-striations. Areolet pentagonal, wider than high. Second

recurrent vein meeting areolet at its middle. Nervellus intercepted at its

upper 0.33. First abdominal segment slender, nearly 2.75 x its apical

width, impunctate. First sternite extending up to 0.7 its length. Second

abdominal tergite with fine scattered superficial punctures medially and sub-

medially. Third tergite basally finely and closely punctate. The following ter-

gites finely mat. Ovipositor about 0.65 the length of abdomen.

Black with yellow marks and bands. Head (including face) yellow except

frons, vertex and occiput medially, malar space, clypeal margin and apex of

mandible, black. The following parts are yellow: A mark on pronotal collar,

upper part of pronotum, propleurum apically, a central mark on mesoscutum,

scutellum and metascutellum wholly, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum, a

mark below wings, mesopleurum, metapleurum and mesosternum broadly, two

squarish marks at base of propodeum, and a dagger-shaped mark at the apical

area of propodeum (this mark reaching up to basal transverse carina). Fore

and middle legs yellow, except coxa, trochanters and femur dorsally with

black line, their tarsi brownish. Hind coxa yellow with two lateral longitudinal

black lines. Hind trochanters and femur black with a yellow longitudinal ven-

tral line, third tibia and tarsus yellow. Wings hyaline, first abdominal tergite

yellow with a subapical black mark. Second tergite with a triangular yellow

basal mark, its sides with yellow marks connected to the apical transverse

yellow band. All other abdominal tergites with yellow apical bands, their

sides also yellow. Seventh and eighth tergites broadly yellow laterally, with

the eighth tergite black up to the apex.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 18mm; fore wing 12 mm.

Specimen examined: Mexico: 1 (type) (Philadelphia).

The locality label on specimen does not state precise type-locality.

Distribution: Mexico (map 5) .

17. AGONOCRYPTUS AMOENUS, n. sp.

Female: Face and clypeus shiny, impunctate with face finely trans-

striate in the middle. Malar space granulose. Frons and vertex shiny, impunc-

tate. Temples smooth and shiny. Pronotum shiny, impunctate. Epomia

absent. Mesoscutum shiny, impunctate. Mesopleurum and metapleurum shiny

with a few scattered fine and superficial punctures. Prepectal carina 0.8 the

height of mesopleurum. Propodeum finely distinctly striate, striations

arched and areas in between shiny. Area basad of basal carina semicircularly

striate, particularly in the central basal area. Areolet pentagonal, wider

than high. Second recurrent vein meeting areolet at its apical 0.4. Nervellus

intercepted at its upper 0.33. Abdomen wholly smooth and shiny, without

punctures. First abdominal segment 3.0 its apical width and slender, its

sternite reaching up to 0.175 the length of its tergite, ovipositor about 5.3 x

the length of abdomen.

Black with yellow marks and bands. Head (including face) yellow with

apex of mandible, with frons, vertex, and occiput medially, black. Pronotal

collar near neck and upper margin of pronotum yellow. A central mark on

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 33

mesoscutum, scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, a mark

below wings, mesopleurum broadly, mesosternum wholly, upper 0.75 of meta-

pleurum, two rectangular marks at base of propodeum and a dagger-shaped

mark at the apical area of propodeum, yellow speculum black. Fore leg with

coxa, trochanters, and femur yellow with femur dorsally darker, its tibia and

tarsus yellowish brown. Middle leg with coxa, first trochanteral segment and

femur yellow, with coxa marked black ventrally and femur dorsally. Second

trochanteral segment black and tibia and tarsus brown. Hind leg with coxa

yellow with a dorsal black line, its trochanters black, basal 0.5 of femur and

0.25 of tibia yellow. Hind tarsus yellow. Wings hyaline.

Male: Unknown.

Length: °, 18mm. Fore wing 12 mm; ovipositor 0.55 as long as abdomen.

Holotype: ¢, Brazil: Matto Grosso, Sinop, 12° 31'S, 55° W,Oct. 1975,

M. Alvarenga (Townes).

Distribution: Brazil (map 5).

18. AGONOCRYPTUS BISPOTUS, n. sp.

Female: Face and clypeus shiny, impunctate, area just below antennal

socket with a few striations. Malar space granulose. Frons and vertex

shiny, impunctate. Occipital carina erased for a distance equal to the basal

width of mandible. Pronotum with scattered fine punctures (especially in the

sulcus). Pronotal collar impunctate. Epomia present. Mesoscutum smooth

and shiny, impunctate. Scutellum, mesopleurum and metapleurum mostly

shiny, with a few fine punctures. Prepectal carina 0.8 the height of meso-

pleurum. Propodeum trans-striate, striations not very close, interspaces

with punctures. Area basad of basal carina with weak striations. Striations

in the petiolar area rather strong. Areolet wider than high. Second recurrent

vein meeting areolet in its apical 0.33. Nervellus intercepted at its apical

0.33. First abdominal segment slender, nearly 3.0 its apical width, its

sternite extending up to 0.75 the length of its tergite. First abdominal tergite

shiny, impunctate. Second tergite medially finely punctate. Third also finely

punctate. The following tergites smooth. Ovipositor about 0.5 the length of

abdomen.

Black with yellow marks and bands. Head yellow except frons, vertex

and occiput medially and apex of mandibles black. Pronotum along its collar

and upper margin broadly, propleurum except basally, a rectangular mark on

mesoscutum, scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum,

a mark below wings, mesopleurum, mesosternum and metapleurum broadly,

two squarish marks at base of propodeum and a dagger-shaped mark at apical

slope of propodeum, yellow. Legs yellow, except all coxae dorsally black

marked. Hind trochanters black. Hind femur and tibia apically darker. Hind

tarsus whitish-yellow. Fore and middle trochanters and femur dorsally

darker. Wings hyaline. First abdominal tergite with a sub-basal bifurcated

mark. All abdominal tergites except the eighth, with yellow apical bands.

Second and third tergites with sub-basal lateral spots. Sides of third to

seventh tergites yellow. Eighth tergite wholly black.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 18 mm; fore wing 12 mm.

Holotype: 2, Mexico: Oaxaca, Metate, 85.5 kilometers south of Tuxtepec,

900 m, Oct. 16, 1962, H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Distribution: Mexico (map 5).

34 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

19. AGONOCRYPTUS TRICOLOR, n. sp.

Female: Face and clypeus shiny. Face submedially, below antennal

socket with a few striations. Clypeus with a few fine striations laterally.

Malar space granulose, equal to the basal width of mandible. Frons and ver-

tex smooth and shiny. Occipital carina erased for a distance, away from the

hypostomal carina (as in bispotus), but this carina not deflected inwards; this

area appears rough. Pronotum with minute scattered punctures, its hind mar-

gin smooth. Epomia absent. Mesoscutum shiny, impunctate. Scutellum,

mesopleurum and metapleurum shiny and with a few scattered punctures.

Prepectal carina 0.8 the height of mesopleurum. Propodeum smooth with

area apicad of basal transverse carina with weak striations interposed with

shallow punctures. (Sides of propodeum smooth, and whole propodeum much

more shiny than in other species of this group.) Areolet much wider than high.

Second recurrent vein meeting areolet at its middle. Nervellus intercepted at

its upper 0.33. First abdominal segment smooth and shiny, slender, 3.0 its

apical width, its sternite extending to 0.75 the length of its tergite. Second

tergite with minute scattered punctures sub-basally. Third tergite finely

punctate. The following tergites smooth and shiny. Ovipositor about 0.6 the

length of abdomen.

Black, marked with yellow. Abdomen reddish-brown. Head yellow except

frons, vertex and occiput medially, malar space and apex of mandible, black.

A rectangular mark on mesoscutum, two marks on pronotal collar, upper edge

of pronotum, propleurum apically, scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, sub-

tegular ridge, an oblong (somewhat L-shaped) mark on mesopleurum, a mark

on mesosternum, an oblong mark on metapleurum, two oval marks on basal

area of propodeum, and a dagger-shaped mark on apical slope of propodeum,

yellow. Speculum black. Fore and middle legs yellow except their coxae,

trochanters and femora dorsally black. Hind coxa, trochanters, and femur

reddish-brown with coxa dorsally with a yellow oval mark and a black line on

its outer side. Hind tibia and tarsus yellowish, with last tarsal segment

black. Wings hyaline. First tergite yellow basally and apically, medially

black. The rest of the tergites reddish-brown with tip of abdomen black.

Male: Generally similar to the female. Flagellar segments with long

hairs. Each segment also with long spine-like stout seta amongst the hairs

at the apex of the segment, particularly from fourth onwards. Frons punctate.

Pronotum shiny, Propodeum centrally with strong striations. Apical trans-

verse carina present.

Color black with yellow marks. Antenna black, without yellow mark

dorsally. Head yellow. Apex of mandible, frons, vertex and occiput medially

black. Pronotal collar, pronotum, propleurum, a mark on middle lobe of

mesoscutum, scutellum, metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum, a

mark behind hind wing, mesopleurum broadly, mesosternum wholly, meta-

pleurum except basal region, and petiolar area of propodeum, yellow. Fore

and middle coxae and first trochanters yellow, their femora and tibiae yellowish-

brown. Fore tarsus basally yellow, apically black. Middle tarsus black.

Hind coxa black, apically yellow, their trochanters, femur, tibia and tarsus

black. Hind femur lighter in color basally. Wings hyaline, apically a little

fuscous. Abdomen black, with first tergite basally and apically, and the

following tergites apically and apicolaterally yellowish-brown.

Length: 10-18 mm. Fore wing 10-14 mm.

Holotype: 2, Brazil: Matto Grosso, Sinop, 12° 31'S. 55° 37' w.,

Oct. 1975, M. Alvarenga (Townes).

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) oa

Allotype: &, same data as the type (Townes).

Pavratypes: 27%, same data as the type, collected October 1974, 75, and

1976 (Townes).

Distribution: Brazil (map 5).

VI. THE RUGIFRONS GROUP

The Rugifrons Group is characterized by having the frons rugose; face

trans-striate to somewhat rugoso-striate; vertex punctate or sparsely so;

whole of thorax including propodeum strongly punctate; and whole of abdomen

punctate. In males the first tergite is smoother or more sparsely punctate

and thorax also somewhat less strongly punctate.

This group includes A. rugifrons with clear wings, reddish abdomen

and body with yellow marks; A. mulleus, with clear wings, and body wholly

reddish-brown; and A. fumosus and A. infuscatus with blackish-brown wings,

reddish thorax and black abdomen. They occur in Argentina and Brazil.

20. AGONOCRYPTUS RUGIFRONS, n. sp.

Male and Female: Face trans-striate with punctures in between. Face

centrally strongly rugose. Clypeus granulose, with scattered punctures, its

apical margin with a minute median tooth. Malar space as long as the basal

width of mandible, granulose. Temple smooth and shiny. Frons rugose.

Vertex punctate. Occipital carina incurved and meeting hypostomal carina.

Pronotum punctate, its sulcus trans-striate. Epomia absent. Mesoscutum

closely and deeply punctate. Scutellum sparsely, superficially punctate.

Mesopleurum, metapleurum, and propodeum wholly strongly punctato-rugose.

Apical transverse carina of propodeum interrupted medially. Areolet rectangu-

lar, about 1.4 as wide as high. Second recurrent vein meeting areolet distad

of its middle. Nervellus intercepted about the middle. First tergite less than

2.0 its apical width, its sternite ending at the level of spiracle, about 0.5 the

length of its tergite. All tergites punctate. First tergite closely and deeply

punctate medially. Second and third tergites mat and with compact deep punc-

tures. The following tergites with finer punctures and finely mat. Ovipositor

equal to the length of abdomen.

Black with yellow marks. Abdomen reddish-brown to blackish-brown.

Head black, except for basal half of clypeus, labrum, and a broad interrupted

orbital ring. A mark on mesoscutum, scutellum, metascutellum, interrupted

pronotal collar, upper part of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, speculum,

a small mark on apical corner of mesopleurum, a mark below wings, an

elongate mark on dorsal part of metapleurum, and an inverted T-shaped mark

on petiolar area of propodeum (which does not reach the basal transverse

carina), whitish-yellow. Wings hyaline. Legs reddish-brown, with fore coxa

and first trochanter dorsally and hind tarsal segment yellowish-white. Abdo-

men largely brown. First tergite apically with a broad white band. The follow-

ing tergites with a narrow white band. Color of abdominal tergites variable

from reddish-brown to blackish brown.

Length: 16mm. Wings 10 mm.

Holotype: 2, Argentina: Jujuy, Jan. 16, 1966, H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Allotype: ©, same data as the type (Townes).

Parvatypes: 32°, 33°, Argentina: from Horco Molle (near Tucuman),

Calalao, San Pedro de Tucuman, Jujuy, El Pintado, Al Tola Vina, Salta,

36 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

Yacochuya (Tafayata), Tacuil, Angastaco, San Miguel de Tucuman, Amaicha

del Valle, Aguas Blancas, Trances Tacanas, and Arnau. Collected on various

dates during January, February, March, April, September, October, Novem-

ber, and December (Townes, Cambridge and Ottawa).

Distribution: Various localities near Tucuman, Argentina (map 6).

21. AGONOCRYPTUS MULLEUS, n. sp.

Female: Face rugose. Clypeus rough, with a few striations apicolater-

ally, its margin with a median apical tooth. Malar space aciculate, 0.8 as

long as the basal width of mandible. Temple shiny, with a few superficial

punctures close to malar space. Frons rugose. Vertex punctate medially,

punctures not deep. Occipital carina not meeting hypostomal carina. Pronotum

deeply and closely punctate, punctures running into striations along the sulcus

and along hind margin. Epomia absent. Mesoscutum and scutellum closely

and deeply punctate, appearing rugose at places. Mesopleurum, metapleurum

and propodeum wholly strongly punctato-rugose. Apical transverse carina of

propodeum broadly interrupted medially. Areolet pentagonal, about 1.4 as

wide as high. Second recurrent vein meeting areolet at its apical 0.4. Second

intercubitus unpigmented. Nervellus intercepted at its upper 0.4. First ter-

gite not stout, 2.0 as long as its apical width. First sternite ending at the

level of spiracle, about 0.5 as long as the tergite. First tergite shiny, witha

few scattered punctures medially. Second and third tergites finely, closely

punctate. The following tergites finely mat. Ovipositor 0.5 as long as the

abdomen.

Reddish-brown. Scape and basal flagellar segments reddish-brown.

Narrow (interrupted) inner and outer orbital rings, labrum, pronotal collar

and propleurum centrally, and tegula, white. Wings hyaline. Basal tarsal

segments of middle and hind legs white. Apical tarsal segments blackish.

Length: 15mm. Fore wing 10 mm.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: 2, Argentina: Misiones, Leandro N. Alem., Inst. Alberdi,

Nov. 17-19, 1969, C. Porter (Porter).

Distribution: Argentina (map 6).

22. AGONOCRYPTUS INFUSCATUS, n. sp.

Female: Face and clypeus transversely striate, with punctures in

between. Clypeal margin with a median minute tooth. Malar space strongly

granulose, as long as the basal width of mandible. Temple smooth and shiny,

near malar space finely striate. Frons rugose. Vertex sparsely punctate,

punctures rather shallow. Occipital carina not meeting hypostomal carina.

Pronotum deeply and closely punctate. Pronotal sulcus without any striations.

Epomia absent. Mesoscutum and scutellum closely punctate. Mesopleurum

punctate. Area below subtegular ridge a little striate. Speculum shiny, with

fine scattered punctures. Metapleurum punctate to striato-punctate. Basal

area of propodeum sparsely punctate. Apical transverse carina present only

on sides. Area between basal and apical transverse carinae striato-punctate.

Petiolar area shiny, with a few longitudinal striations. Areolet rectangular,

1.5 as wide as high. Second recurrent vein meeting areolet at its apical 0.3.

Nervellus intercepted above its middle. Petiole stout, nearly 2.0 as long as

its apical width. First sternite reaching spiracle. Abdominal tergites punc-

tate. First tergite punctate strongly on apical half. Second, third and fourth

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 37

tergites closely punctate. The following tergites mat. Ovipositor 0.7 as long

as the abdomen, its tip pointed, narrow and tapering, with seven teeth.

Reddish-brown with black abdomen. Head reddish-brown. Face reddish-

brown, without yellow orbital stripes. Malar space and mandibles black.

Wings strongly infuscate. Legs black except coxae. Fore femur ventrally

and tibia dorsally, brownish. Hind femur black. Second and third hind tarsal

segments yellow. Abdomen black with only the first tergite basally brown.

Length: 18mm. Fore wing 12 mm.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: °, Brazil: Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Oct. 1970,

F. Plaumann (Townes).

Paratype: °, same data as the holotype, but Nov. 1970 (Townes).

Distribution: Brazil (map 6).

This species is rather close to A. rufithovax in general appearance, but

can be differentiated by the structure of frons, first tergite, nature of oviposi-

tor teeth, absence of apical transverse carina of propodeum, and also by the

color of malar space, orbital rings, hind tarsus and wings.

23. AGONOCRYPTUS FUMOSUS, n. sp.

Female: Face finely transversely striate, with a few rugosities in the

middle. Clypeus finely striate, its apical margin with a median tooth. Malar

space granulose, with a few longitudinal striations, about as long as the basal

width of mandible. Temple similar to that of infuscatus. Frons rugose.

Vertex closely and finely punctate. Occipital carina meeting hypostomal cari-

na. Epomia absent. Pronotum punctate. Pronotal sulcus punctato-striate.

Mesoscutum closely and deeply punctate. Scutellum sparsely punctate. Meso-

pleurum finely and closely punctate, area below subtegular ridge punctato-

striate. Metapleurum deeply and closely punctate. Apical transverse carina

of propodeum absent or merged into striations on propodeum. Propodeum

punctato-striate. Petiolar area smooth and with a few longitudinal ridges.

Wings and abdomen as in A. infuscatus. Ovipositor tip blunt, not tapering, and

with only 5 teeth. Ovipositor 0.6 as long as the abdomen.

Reddish-brown with head and abdomen black. Face black, with yellow.

Interrupted orbital rings. Wings infuscate. Fore leg black with femur ven-

trally and tibia yellowish-brown. Middle coxa reddish-brown, trochanters

black, and rest of middle leg brownish. Hind coxa and femur reddish-brown;

trochanters, femur apically, tibia, basal half of basitarsus, and fifth tarsal

seement, black. Hind tarsus otherwise yellow. Abdomen black, with first

tergite reddish-brown.

Male: Rather similar to the female, with pronotal groove smoother,

fore leg lighter in color and abdomen brown rather than black.

Length: ?, 18mm. Fore wing 12mm. Male 13mm. Fore wing 8-10

mm.

Holotype: ¢, Brazil: Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, April 14, 1952,

F. Plaumann (Townes).

Allotype: %, Argentina: La Plata, Dec. 18, 1965, H. & M. Townes

(Townes).

Pavatypes: 4°, 3°. Argentina: La Plata, 1°, Dec. 18, 1965, H. & M.

Townes (Townes). Berisso, 1°, Dec. 8, 1965, H. & M. Townes. Mar del

Plata, Prov. Buenos Aires, 19, Nov. 1, 1949 (Townes). Buenos Aires, Abra

de la Ventana, 12, Feb. 6, 1947 (Porter). Brazil: Nova Teutonia, Santa

Catarina, 1°, Nov. 11, 1952, 1°, Nov. 1955, F. Plaumann (Townes); 18,

38 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

April 26, 1960 (Porter).

Distribution: Brazil and Argentina (map 6).

Acknowledgments: I am grateful to Dr. Henry Townes for giving me the

opportunity to study at the American Entomological Institute and for his gui-

dance and assistance at every stage of the investigation. I am also thankful

to the curators of the various museums from where the types and other collec-

tions were borrowed for the present study. The respective locations of the

types and other material received for study are given in the text after the

specimens examined.

REFERENCES

Brues, Charles T. 1912. Brazilian Ichneumonidae and Braconidae Obtained

by the Stanford Expedition. Ann. Ent. Soc. America 5(3): 193-228.

Brulle, M. A. 1846. In Lepeletier: Histoire Naturelle des Insects.

Hymenopteres 4: 1-680.

Carlson, R. W. 1979. Family Ichneumonidae. Jn Krombein ef al.: Catalog

of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. 1: 315-741.

Cresson, E. T. 1873. Description of Mexican Ichneumonidae. Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1873: 104-176.

Cushman, R. A. 1929. A Revision of the North American Ichneumon-flies of

the genus Mesostenus and Related Genera. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus.

74(16): 1-58.

Taschenberg, E. L. 1876. Einige neue tropische, namentlich Stidamerika-

nische. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 48: 61-104.

Townes, Henry K. 1946. The Generic Position of Neotropic Ichneumonidae

(Hymenoptera) with Types in the Philadelphia and Quebec Museums,

Described by Cresson, Hooker, Norton, Provancher and Viereck.

Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 29-63.

Townes, Henry K. & Marjorie 1962. Ichneumon-flies of America north of

Mexico 3: subfamily Gelinae, Tribe Mesostenini, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull.

216(3): 1-602.

Townes, Henry & Marjorie 1966. A Catalogue and Reclassification of Neo-

tropic Ichneumonidae. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 8: 1-367.

Viereck, H. L. 1905. Notes and Descriptions of Hymenoptera from the

Western United States in the Collection of the Univ. of Kansas. Trans.

Kansas Academy Sci. 19: 264-326.

39

SOplOT eploosip

(SOUMO] PUB SOUMO], 19378)

SsnosuTyotyo SA. LUAUOONODV ‘I ‘31d

cat ee RAAT

40 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst. , vol. 19, No. 2, 1982

4A. chichimecus'

chichimecus

e A.chichimecus

discoidaloides

e A.ruficrus

x* A. bicolor

Map 1. AGONOCRYPTUS - Chichimecus Group

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 4]

* A. rufithorax (Chichimecus Gr.)

» A. russulus ( nn )

Oo A. heathi (Heathi Group )

a A. violasceng (Group ?)

Map 2. AGONOCRYPTUS - Chichimecus Group, Heathi Group

42 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

a A. lioneli lioneli

A A. lioneli cake

e A. argentinus argentinus

xy A. argentinus tucumanus

A. physocnemis physocnemis

© A. physocnemis nigristernum

Map. 3. AGONOCRYPTUS - Physocnemis Group

S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae) 43

. gossypii

. erugatus

A

A

* A. rufigaster

A. adustus adustus

A

. adustus paulus

«CSE

- varus varus

S

Pass 3 nee

Se

Ps:

ow

A

A. varus nigrifemur

4 A. leurosus flavosternum

A

. leurosus leurosus

Map. 4. AGONOCRYPTUS - Varus Group

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 2, 1982

44

ems ems eee, ween wm wi i ie ii me ee ww me fle ae me me mee -_ Se yaa ei ce ae re Poa ol ke dies” JZ

So

JO[OOII}] We snusowe

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S. Gupta: Genus Agonocryptus (Ichneumonidae)

rugifrons

4 A. fumosus

# A. mulleus

© A. infuscatus

Map 6. AGONOCRYPTUS - Rugifrons Group

45

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A REVIEW OF THE GENUS CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS

(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

by

Santosh Gupta *

American Entomological Institute

5950 Warren Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105

The genus Cryptohelcosti zus was described by Cushman (1919) with

C. rufigaster (from California) as the type-species. In 1922, he synonymized

rufigaster with Cryptus alamedensis Ashmead (1890). Viereck (1921) described

C. dichrous from North Carolina. Cushman (1940) added two more species:

C. chrysobothridis and C. ornatus from Oklahoma and California, respectively.

Townes and Townes (1962) added six more species: genalis, leiomerus,

caudatus and maculosus from California, and fumipennis and nigricans from

Arizona. Thus a total of ten species are at present known under the genus,

all from the U.S.A., in the Nearctic Region.

In the Townes Collection there were a number of unstudied specimens

from Northwestern United States, which prompted me to make a restudy of

the genus. All the types were kindly loaned to me by the curators of the

various museums. No new species turned up in the collections, but a new

subspecies of C. genalis is described from Oregon. New distributional

records are given for the various species, and a key is provided to distinguish

them. In the treatment that follows, only the significant characters of the

species are mentioned, and the records of specimens studied. For fuller

descriptions refer to Townes and Townes (1962). Synonymical references to

the species can be seen in the catalogues of Townes (1944), Townes and Townes

(1951) and Carlson (1979).

The genus Cryptohelcostizus has been traditionally put under the old sub-

family Cryptinae close to Helcostizus Foerster and Xylophrurus Foerster.

Townes and Townes (1962) placed it under the subtribe Echthrina of tribe

Mesostenini, subfamily Gelinae. In 1970, Townes chanted the name of the

subtribe to Gabuniina. With the raising of the tribe Mesostenini to subfamily

Mesosteninae by Gupta (1970), the Gabuniina becomes the tribe Gabuniini.

Genus CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS Cushman (fig. 1)

Cryptohelcostizus Cushman, 1919. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 55: 534.

Type-species: (Cryptohelcostizus rufigaster Cushman) = alamedensis

(Ashmead); original designation.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962: 504. Carlson, 1979: 478.

The salient features of the genus are: Head transverse. Clypeus short,

convex, its apical margin broadly truncate, without a median tooth. Sternaulus

absent. Pleural carina and apical transverse carina of propodeum absent.

Propodeum usually short and rugoso-punctate. Basal transverse carina always

present. Areolet pentagonal, large, 0.5 to 0.9 as high as second recurrent

* Present address: Center for Parasitic Hymenoptera. Dept.

of Entomology & Nematology, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 326ll.

2 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 3, 1982

vein. Nervulus basad of basal vein. Nervellus intercepted below its middle.

Fore femur in female concave below. First tergite without a lateral triangular

tooth at base, its dorsolateral carina weak or absent, ventrolateral carina

present. Ovipositor 0.5 to 1.0 the fore wing length.

Distribution: Nearctic Region.

Host: Buprestid larvae boring in branches and twigs of trees and shrubs.

Two species groups can be recognized based on the nature of the basal

transverse carina of the propodeum and the coloration of the wings:

I. The Alamedensis Group, characterized by having the wings clear

hyaline, and the basal transverse carina of propodeum complete, uniformly

arched or sometimes narrowly interrupted medially, but never turned basad

medially. This group includes C. alamedensis, nigricans, maculosus, ornatus,

caudatus, and chrysobothridis.,

Il. The Dichrous Group, characterized by having the wings black or strongly

infuscate, and basal transverse carina of propodeum interrupted medially and

each end turned basad. This group includes C. dichrous, genalis, fumipennis,

and leiomerus.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CRYPTOHELCOSTIZ US

1. Wings clear hyaline. Basal transverse carina of propodeum complete,

uniformly arched or sometimes narrowly interrupted medially, but

never turned basad in the middle (Alamedensis Group)........ 2

Wings black or strongly infuscate. Basal transverse carina of propodeum

interrupted medially and its ends turned basad medially (Dichrous

POUR ce a Se NE ee sii ees Lae owes ee 6 abe 7

2. Hind femur on its front side with very sparse hairs, their sockets separated

by more thang. 0 the lengli of baire. 00s wor) a.telen aia 3

Hind femur on its front side with closely set hairs, their sockets

separated by 0.7 to 2.0 x the length of hairs. .... 6 45. So.ha ne 6

3. Hind femur polished, black. Nervulus basad of basal vein by 0.5 to 0.66

its length (by more than half its length). Propodeum dorsally flat, not

very convex. Trochanters of fore leg black ventrally.

2. nigricans Townes and Townes (p. 4)

Hind femur granulose, subpolished. Nervulus basad of basal vein by less

than half its length. Propodeum dorsally convex, sloping. Trochanters

of fore leg with white marks ventrally sa BO RIS oo se 4

4. Basal transverse carina of propodeum complete and uniformly arched.

Propodeum and hind coxa black, without any spot or mark.

1. alamedensis (Ashmead) (p. 4)

Basal transverse carina of propodeum narrowly interrupted medially with

the ends not turned basad medially. Propodeum and hind coxa with

VOROM CRATE: BVO RAS RR kG ea BU DN eli s gala aren gy at 9)

0. Mesopleurum and metapleurum each with a large yellow mark. Vertex

deeply and closely punctate. Second intercubitus weak medially.

3. maculosus Townes and Townes (p. 5)

S. Gupta: Genus Cryptohelcostizus (Ichneumonidae) 3

Mesopleurum and metapleurum without any yellow marks. Vertex with

sparse, moderate sized punctures. Second intercubitus uniformly

strong. (Ovipositor sheath 0.4 the length of front wing.)

4. ornatus Cushman (p. 5)

Propodeum and hind coxa marked with white. Ovipositor sheath 0.75 the

length of front wing. Legs lighter in color.

5. caudatus Townes and Townes (p. 6)

Propodeum and hind coxa black, without any white marks. Ovipositor

sheath 0.4 the length of front wing. Legs darker in color.

6. chrysobothridis Cushman (p. 6)

Hairs on front face of hind femur moderately dense, their sockets

separated by about 0.7 the length of the hairs. Punctures on meso-

pleurum separated by about 0.7 their diameter. Prepectal carina

reaching subtegular ridge. Face granulose, with punctures on sides

and rugulose medially. Pronotal collar black without any central

white oe Dro wit Marks) ws Wowie sé i 7. dichrous Viereck (p. 7)

Hairs on front face of hind femur sparser, their sockets separated by 2.0

the length of the hairs. Punctures on mesopleurum separated by about

0.4 their diameter. Face shiny with punctures or with a few oblique

striations. Pronotal collar with a white or brown mark medially

(except in leiomerus). Prepectal carina usually reaching 0.6 to 0.75

Tie heir WET BaDOIeN TENT: SUT i, ae ae Se ie se ee ae, x8 8

Hind margin of temple, and its occipital carina, strongly bulging outward

at the lower corner of the eye. Face strongly punctate. Vertex

moderately closely punctate close to ocelli.

| 8. genalis Townes and Townes 9

Hind margin of temple, and its occipital carina, not bulging outward, some-

times a little convex. Side of face punctate. Vertex sparsely punctate

C1LOGO.T0 Geen PT ricwteec's SRC ee en 10

Hind femur reddish-brown. Coxa brownish-black. Propodeum ruguloso-

punctate. First tergite shiny and grooved subapically.

8a. genalis genalis Townes and Townes (p. 7)

Hind coxa and femur black. Propodeum punctato-striate. First tergite

punctate and not grooved. . 8b. genalis niger, new subspecies (p. 8)

First tergite sparsely and finely punctate. Clypeus and upper part of pro-

notum marked with white. Temple weakly convex. Second abscissa of

cubitus about 1.4 as long as the third abscissa.

9. leiomerus Townes and Townes (p. 8)

First tergite moderately punctate dorsally. Clypeus and upper part of pro-

podeum marked with white. Temple moderately convex. Second

abscissa of cubitus about 1.15 as long as the third abscissa.

10. fumipennis Townes and Townes (p. 9)

4 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 3, 1982

I. THE ALAMEDENSIS GROUP

1. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS ALAMEDENSIS (Ashmead)

Cryptus alamedensis Ashmead, 1890. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 12: 409.

2. Type: ¢, Alameda, California (Washington).

Cryptohelcostizus rufigaster Cushman, 1919. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus.,

55: 534. oO, 9. Type: 2, Harold, California (Washington).

The characteristic features of this species are: Mesopleurum with fine

rugosities. Propodeum dorsally convex and sloping. Basal transverse carina

of propodeum complete and evenly arched. Nervulus basad of basal vein by

less than 0.5 its length. Hind femur granulose with very sparse hairs. Ovi-

positor 0.9 as long as fore wing. Ovipositor sheath about 0.65 as long as fore

wing.

Black with reddish abdomen. A mark onclypeus, base of mandible, a mark

on pronotum, a narrow interrupted orbital mark and metascutellum, white.

Propodeum black, sometimes with two very small marks on apical area.

Wings hyaline. Legs brownish. First trochanter of fore leg white ventrally.

Hind coxa black. Basal 0.5 of first abdominal tergite brownish-black.

Specimens: 619, 260%. U.S. A.: California: Leevining, 4%, June 22,

1948. Portero in San Diego Co., 119, 50, April 8-17, 1974. Lake Wohford,

San Diego Co., 119, 1%, April 21-May 1, 1974. Julian, 242, 10°, May 6-30,

1974. North of Leggett, 1°, May 18, 1978 (All above collected by H. and M.

Townes and in Townes Collection.). California: Simla Station, %, June 28,

1922, R. D. Hartman, on Apricot, parasitic on Chrysobothris mali. Los

Gatos, 1%, May 23, 1918, R. D. Hartman, on Osmaronia, parasitic on

Chrysobothris mali. Walter Sqr., Napa Co., 12, May 26, 1951, E. I.

Schlinger (Townes). Elk Grove, Sacramento Co., 1%, Sept. 24, 1949, H. A.

Hunt (Townes). W. Walker R., 6000 ft., 2, C. D. Michner, on Prunus

(Townes). Idaho: near Stanley, 6000 ft., 2, Aug. 8, 1978 (Townes). Low-

man, 6000 ft., 2, April 14, 1978, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Nevada:

Tuscarora, “, June 5, 1978, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Oregon: Selma, 22,

30°, May 20-21, 1974, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Hyatt Reservoir, 3%, May

2, 20, and 22, 1974, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Pinehurst, 3¢, June 23 and

29, 1974, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Utah: Strawberry Daniel Pass, ¢, June

19, 1948, H., M., G. & D. Townes (Townes).

Variations: Two females from California: Poterero, April 8, 14, 1974 are

lighter in color with body thin and slender. Other specimens also show con-

siderable variations in the punctation of face, interocellar area, and meso-

pleurum, color of legs and base of abdomen, and the length of ovipositor

sheath as compared to the fore wing length.

Distribution: Townes and Townes (1962) reported this species from

British Columbia, California (widely distributed), Oregon, Texas and Utah.

It is here reported from Idaho and Nevada for the first time.

Hosts: Chrysobothris mali, Myrmex arizonicus, Argilus angelicus.

2. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS NIGRICANS Townes and Townes

Cryptohelcostizus nigricans Townes and Townes, 1962. U.S. Natl. Mus.

Bull. 216(3): 508. o, °. Type: ¢, Arizona: Sierra Ancha, Parker

Creek (Townes). Examined, 1980.

Some of the salient features of this species are: Mesopleurum punctate,

S. Gupta: Genus Cryptohelcostizus (Ichneumonidae) 5

without striations or rugosities, but punctures close and deep. Propodeum

dorsally flat. Basal transverse carina of propodeum complete and evenly

arched. Nervulus basad of basal vein by 0.5 to 0.66 its length. Hind femur

polished and with very sparse hairs. Ovipositor about 0.7 as long as fore

wing. Ovipositor sheath about 0.45 as long as fore wing.

Black with reddish abdomen. Clypeus, base of mandible, and pronotum

each with a small white mark. Metascutellum and propodeum wholly black.

Wings hyaline. Legs black. First trochanter of fore leg without any white

mark. Apical two tarsal segments of hind leg brownish. First tergite black.

Specimens: 1%, 22. Arizona: Sierra Ancha, Parker Creek, ¢ (type),

May 7, 1947, H. & M. Townes (Townes). Workman Creek, “, ¢ (paratypes),

April 28, 1947, H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Distribution: U. 8. A.: Arizona.

3. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS MACULOSUS Townes & Townes

Cryptohelcostizus maculosus Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl.

Mus. Bull., 216(3): 512. ¢%. Type: ¢, California: Death Valley

(Washington). Reared from Prosopis. Examined, 1980.

The salient features of this species are: Mesopleurum closely and deeply

punctate with a few rugosities medially. Propodeum convex and sloping.

Basal transverse carina of propodeum interrupted medially, but its ends not

turned basad. Nervulus basad of basal vein by less than 0.5 its length.

Hind femur granulose with very sparse hairs. Ovipositor sheath about 0.5 as

long as fore wing.

Black, marked with yellow. Abdomen reddish-brown with whitish marks.

Face, clypeus, labrum, base of mandible, complete orbital stripe, temple,

pronotal collar, pronotum broadly above, a Y-shaped mark on middle lobe of

mesoscutum a crescentic mark on lateral lobe of mesoscutum, scutellum,

metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, a broad oblong mark on mesopleurum,

metapleurum dorsally, a mark behind hind wing and propodeum apically,

yellow. Wings hyaline. Legs reddish-brown. Coxae black, dorsally marked

with white. First trochanter of fore leg ventrally white. First tergite basally

brownish and apically marked with white.

Specimen: California: Death Valley, ¢ (type), Sept. 3, 1957, R. C. Hall,

"Reared from Prosopis" (Washington).

Distribution: U. S. A.: California.

4. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS ORNATUS Cushman

Cryptohelcostizus ornatus Cushman, 1940. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus.

88: 359. 2. Type: 2, Death Valley, California (Washington).

Examined, 1980.

The salient features of this species are: Mesopleurum closely and deeply

punctate. Propodeum convex. Basal transverse carina of propodeum inter-

rupted medially but ends not turning basad. Nervulus basad of basal vein by

less than 0.5 its length. Hind femur granulose with very sparse hairs. Ovi-

positor 0.6 the length of fore wing, its sheath 0.4 the length of fore wing.

Black with yellow marks. Abdomen reddish-brown. Face black. Clypeus

base of mandible, broad complete orbital stripes, an interrupted mark on

pronotal collar, upper part of pronotum, scutellum, metascutellum, tegula,

6 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 3, 1982

and subtegular ridge, yellow. Propodeum with two small white marks on

either side and a small mark basad of them. Wings hyaline. Legs reddish-

brown. Fore coxa dorsally and ventrally, and first trochanter ventrally white.

Middle coxa dorsolaterally and trochanter ventrally white. Hind coxa dorsally

white marked. Basal 0.7 of first tergite black.

Specimens: 2, %. Arizona: Sahuarito, “, April 11, 1947, H. & M.

Townes (Townes). California: Death Valley, ¢ (type) Feb. 23, 1939, M. F.

Gilman, reared from Chrysobothris deserta in desert holly (Washington).

Distribution: U. S. A.: Arizona, California.

Host: Chrysobothris deserta.

5. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS CAUDATUS Townes and Townes

Cryptohelcostizus caudatus Townes and Townes, 1962, U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bull., 216(3): 511. ¢. Type: California: Lake Tahoe (Davis).

Examined, 1980.

The characteristic features of this species are: Mesopleurum moderately

closely punctate, punctures arranged in transverse rows or forming fine

rugosities at places. Basal transverse carina of propodeum complete and

evenly arched. Hind femur with closely set hairs. Ovipositor as long as the

fore wing. Ovipositor sheath 0.75 as long as fore wing.

Black with reddish abdomen. Clypeus except its apical margin, base of

mandible, interrupted orbital ring, temple towards lower corner of eye,

upper margin of pronotum, two lateral marks on scutellum (meeting at apex),

metascutellum, tegula, subtegular ridge, and two sublateral marks on apical

slope of propodeum, whitish-yellow. Wings hyaline. Legs reddish-brown.

All coxae black with white dorsal marks. First trochanter of fore and middle

legs ventrally white marked. First tergite basally black.

Specimens: 22. California: Lake Tahoe, §¢ (type), Aug. 15, 1950,

R. M. Bohart (Davis). Oregon: Pinehurst, °, July 2, 1978, H. & M. Townes

(Townes). 7

Variation: The color of mesosternum in the specimen from Oregon is

somewhat lighter than that in the type. Otherwise it agrees with the same.

Distribution: U. S. A.: California, Oregon.

6. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS CHRYSOBOTHRIDIS Cushman

Cryptohelcostizus chrysobothridis Cushman, 1940. Proc. U. S. Natl.

Mus., 88: 358. %, &. Type: ¢, Stillwater, Oklahoma (Washington).

Paratype examined, 1980.

This species is characterized as: Mesopleurum with fine trans-rugosities.

Propodeum a little flat. Basal transverse carina of propodeum complete and

evenly arched. Hairs on front face of hind femur close together. Ovipositor

0.6 as long as fore wing. Ovipositor sheath 0.4 as long as fore wing.

Black. Abdomen reddish-brown. A mark on clypeus, a mark on pronotum

and an interrupted narrow orbital stripe, white. Metascutellum brownish.

Propodeum wholly black. Wings hyaline. Legs brownish, with all coxae

blackish. First trochanter of fore leg ventrally not marked with yellow.

Third and fourth tarsal segments of hind leg white. In male middle and hind

femora reddish-brown.

Specimen: Oklahoma: Stillwater, 2 (paratype), April 4, 1936, Myron

S. Gupta: Genus Cryptohelcostizus (Ichneumonidae) 7

Maxwell (Townes).

Host: Chrysobothris sp. in Malus pumila.

Distribution: U. S. A.: Oklahoma.

Il. THE DICHROUS GROUP

7. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS DICHROUS Viereck

Cryptohelcostizus dichrous Viereck, 1921. Psyche, 28:73. %, &.

Type:. 2, Southern Pines, N. C. (Cambridge).

This species is characterized by: Face granulose with punctures. Punc-

tures below antennal sockets obliquely striate. Hind margin of temple and its

occipital carina not bulged out at the lower margin of eye. Punctures on meso-

_pleurum deep and well separated. Prepectal carina reaching subtegular ridge.

Basal transverse carina of propodeum interrupted medially and turned basad.

Hind femur granulose with moderately dense hairs. Ovipositor 0.45 as long as

fore wing, shorter than in fumipennis and leiomerus. Ovipositor sheath about

0.35 as long as fore wing.

Black, abdomen reddish-brown. Orbital ring interrupted and white. Pro-

notum without any yellow mark. Wings black to strongly infumated. Legs

black. In male hind femur red.

Specimens: 42. North Carolina: Lumberton, ¢, Oct. 27, 1949, Rabb and

Townes. Council, 2, May 16, 1940, D. L. Wray. Page Lake, 2, Oct. 27,

1949, Rabb and Townes. Southern Pines, $, Oct. 1955, H. Townes (all in

Townes collection).

Distribution: Townes and Townes reported it from Georgia, Missouri,

New Jersey, North Carolina, Texas and Virginia.

8. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS GENALIS Townes and Townes

Female: Face shiny, punctate; punctures arranged in oblique striations

just below the antennal sockets. Vertex close to ocelli moderately closely

punctate. Hind margin of temple and its occipital carina strongly bulged

outwards at the level of lower corner of the eye. Mesopleural punctures

deep and separated by 0.4 their diameter. Prepectal carina reaching 0.6 the

height of mesopleurum. Propodeum basad of basal carina rugoso-punctate;

centrally punctato-striate to punctato-rugose. Basal transverse carina of pro-

podeum interrupted medially and its ends turned basad. Hairs on front face of

hind femur sparse. First abdominal tergite subapically grooved or not so;

groove punctate or impunctate. Ovipositor 0.5 as long as fore wing.

Black. Abdomen reddish-brown. Face black. A mark on clypeus, a small

mark on upper part of pronotum, a narrow interrupted orbital ring, anda

mark on pronotal collar, white. Wings infuscate. Coxa and trochanters

brownish-black. Legs reddish-brown. Hind tibia and tarsus brownish.

Two subspecies are recognized: C. genalis genalis Townes and Townes

from California and C. genalis niger, n. subsp. from Oregon.

8a. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS GENALIS GENALIS Townes and Townes

Cryptohelcostizus genalis Townes and Townes, 1962. U.S. Natl. Mus.

Bull., 216(3): 507. ¢. key, des. Type: ¢, California (Davis).

8 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 3, 1982

Female: Propodeum centrally rugoso-punctate. First abdominal tergite

subapically longitudinally grooved, groove shiny, impunctate.

Hind coxa brownish-black. Hind femur reddish-brown.

Specimen: California: Mendocino, Capella, ¢ (type), May 20, 1955, E. I.

Schlinger (Davis).

Distribution: U. S. A.: California.

8b. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS GENALIS NIGER, n. subsp.

Female: Face deeply and densely punctate, below antennal sockets punc-

tures sometimes appear semicircularly arranged. Malar space 0.79 the basal

width of mandible. Temple shiny with a few fine punctures, its hind margin

and occipital carina strongly bulged outwards at the lower corner of the eye.

Frons ruguso-striate. Vertex closely and deeply punctate with a few trans-

striae in the groove. Pronotal collar finely and closely punctate. Mesoscutum

deeply and closely punctate. Notaulus broad, with trans-striae. Scutellum

closely and deeply punctate, but punctures a little sparse in the middle. Meta-

scutellum shiny. Mesopleurum with moderately close and deep punctures.

Prepectal carina reaching 0.7 the height of mesopleurum. Metapleurum

punctato-striate. Basal transverse carina of propodeum interrupted medially

and its ends turned basad. Area basad of basal carina punctate submedially

and with a few trans-striations. Basolateral area of propodeum densely and

deeply punctate, central area punctato-striate, petiolar area rugose. Nervulus

basad of basal vein by less than 0.5 its length. Nervellus intercepted below

the middle. Hind coxa punctate. Hind femur with sparse hairs. First tergite

stout, closely and finely punctate. First sternite reaching up to spiracle.

Dorsolateral carina absent. Ventrolateral carina present and stout at base.

Second and following tergites weakly punctate to mat. Ovipositor 0.5 as long

as fore wing.

Black. Abdomen reddish-brown. Pronotal collar without white mark.

Small rounding mark on clypeus, and upper edge of pronotum, and a thin

broken orbital ring, white. Wings infuscate. Legs black, except the second

trochanter of each leg, which is reddish.

Male: Similar to the female in structure, but legs brownish-black and

first abdominal tergite a little darker in color. Wings not as dark as those of

females.

Length: ?, 16mm. Fore wing 11mm. Ovipositor6mm. ¢, 13 mm.

Fore wing 8mm.

Holotype: °, Oregon: Selma, May 28, 1978, H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Allotype: *, Oregon: Selma, May 20, 1978, H. & M. Townes (Townes).

Pavatypes: 12, 2%. Oregon: Pinehurst, °, June 29, 1978, H. &M.

Townes; 2%, same locality, dates, and collector as allotype (Townes).

Distribution: U. S. A.: Oregon.

9, CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS LEIOMERUS Townes and Townes

Cryptohelcostizus leiomerus Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bull., 216(3): 506. &. key, des. Type: ¢, California (Berkeley).

The characteristic features of this species are: Face punctate, punctures

a little sparse and not forming striations. Hind margin of temple and its

occipital carina not bulged outward at the level of lower corner of eye. Vertex

sparsely punctate as compared to genalis, Punctures on mesopleurum close

S. Gupta: Genus Cryptohelcostizus (Ichneumonidae) 9

and forming trans-striations. Prepectal carina reaching 0.7 the height of

mesopleurum. Basal transverse carina of propodeum interrupted medially and

turned basad. Second abscissa of cubitus about 1.4 as long as the third abscis-

sa. Hairs on front face of hind femur sparse. First abdominal tergite

sparsely punctate. Ovipositor 0.6 as long as fore wing.

Black. Abdomen reddish-brown. Orbits narrowly white. Wings infuscate.

Legs brownish-black.

Specimen: California: Los Angeles, Pinhark Flats, ¢ (type), June 14,

1952, W. V. Garner (Berkeley).

Distribution: U. S."A.? California.

10. CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS FUMIPENNIS Townes and Townes

Cryptohelcostizus fumipennis Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bull., 216(3): 507. 2. key, des. Type: ¢, Arizona (Washington).

This species can be recognized as follows: Face shiny, with distinct

punctures. Hind margin of temple and its occipital carina faintly bulged out-

ward. Vertex sparsely punctate as compared to genalis. Punctures on meso-

pleurum close and deep. Prepectal carina reaching 0.6 the height of meso-

pleurum. Propodeum rugoso-striate, its basal transverse carina interrupted

medially and the ends turned basad. Second abscissa of cubitus about 1.1 as

long as third abscissa. Hairs on front face of hind femur sparse. First ter-

gite closely punctate (sparsely punctate in leiomerus). Ovipositor 0.6 as long

as fore wing. |

Black. Abdomen reddish-brown. Clypeus except its apical margin, a

mark at the base of mandible, interrupted orbital ring, upper edge of pronotum,

pronotal collar medially, and tegula, white. Wings infuscate. Legs brownish-

black (including femur). Fore and middle legs a little lighter.

Specimen: Arizona: Sabino Canyon, "Resting on blossom", ¢ (type), Nov.

24, 1917, W. D. Edmonston (Washington).

Distribution: U. S. A.: Arizona.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am thankful to Dr. Henry Townes for providing me with facilities for

work and for his guidance during the course of the present research work.

Thanks are also due to the curators of various museums who loaned the types

for the present study.

10 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 3, 1982

REFERENCES

Ashmead, W. M. 1890. Description of New Ichneumonidae in the Collection of

the U. S. National Museum. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 12: 387-451.

Carlson, R. W. 1979. Family Ichneumonidae. In Krombein ef al.: Catalog of

Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. 1: 315-741.

Cushman, R. A. 1919. Description of New North American Ichneumon-flies.

Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 55: 517-543.

Cushman, R. A. 1922. New Species of Ichneumon-flies with Taxonomic Notes.

Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 60(21): 1-28.

Cushman, R. A. 1940. New Genera and Species of Ichneumon-flies with

Taxonomic Notes. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 88: 355-372.

Gupta, V. K. 1970. Ichneumon Hunting in India pp. 1-80.

Townes, Henry K. 1944. A Catalogue and Reclassification of the Nearctic

Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). PartI. The Subfamilies Ichneumonidae,

Tryphoninae, Cryptinae, Phaeogeninae and Lissonotinae. Mem. Amer.

Ent. Soc., 11(1): 1-477.

Townes, Henry K. 1970. The Genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 2. (Gelinae).

Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 12: 1-537.

Townes, H. & M. 1951. In Muesebeck ef al.: Hymenoptera of America North

of Mexico - Synoptic Catalog. U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Agr. Monog.

No. 2: 1-1420.

Townes, Henry K. and Marjorie 1962. Ichneumon-flies of America North of

Mexico: 3. Subfamily Gelinae. Tribe Mesostenini. U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bull. 216(3): 1-602.

Vireck, H. L. 1921. Description of New Ichneumonidae in the Collection of

the Museum of Comparative Zoology Cambridge, Mass. Psyche

28(3): 70-83.

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A REVIEW OF THE GENUS PERITHOUS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS of NEW TAXA

(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

by

Virendra Gupta

Center for Parasitic Hymenoptera

Department of Entomology and Nematology

University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611

Perithous Holmgren is a small genus belonging to the tribe Theroniini, sub-

family Pimplinae (= Ephialtinae). It is mainly distributed in the Holarctic

Region. Hosts are aculeate Hymenoptera (larvae of Sphecidae, Vespidae, and

Chrysididae) in stems and twigs, particularly of Rosa and Rubus. There are

reports, however, of attacks on larvae of Xiphydriidae, Cerambycidae and

some Lepidoptera.

In this paper the world species are reviewed, with some new diagnostic

characters. The distributional ranges of the American and European subspe-

cies of P. mediator are analyzed. Three new species (digitalis, kamathi and

sundaicus) and two new subspecies (digitalis taiwanensis and divinator

himalayensis) are described from Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh in India

(areas of Palaearctic affinities) and Java and Taiwan (typically Oriental), thus

extending the known distribution of the genus to the Oriental Region.

_ Baltazar (1961) described Hybomischos as a subgenus of Pervithous from

the Philippines, distinguishing it mainly in having lateral spine-like teeth at

the base of first tergite, its spiracle distant from lateral carina, ovipositor

tip sinuate and thickened before apex, and by the absence of notauli in the

female. Aubert (1969) synonymized it with Perithous, while Constantineanu &

Pisica (1977) treated it as a distinct genus. Hybomischos is here considered

a separate genus. It is treated in an adjacent paper.

Genus PERITHOUS Holmgren (figs. 1-4)

Perithous Holmgren, 1959. Ofvers. Svenska Vetensk. -Akad. Forh.,

16: 123. Type-species: Ephialtes albicinctus Gravenhorst; designated

by Viereck, 1914.

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966: 279. Aubert, 1969: 100. Townes, 1969: 126.

Constantineanu & Pisica, 1977: 86.

Body moderately long and slender. General coloration black with mesoscu-

tum and mesopleurum often reddish and abdominal tergites narrowly margined

with yellow (Some species with black thorax). Legs pale brown. Face of male

whitish and of female black with whitish orbital borders.

Antenna moderately long and slender to shorter and a little thickened sub-

apically. Clypeus flattened apically and with a deep median apical notch. Man-

dibular teeth equal in length and similar in shape. Face a little convex,

sparsely to moderately punctate. Eyes only slightly emarginate just above

antennal sockets (cf. Hybomischos). Occipital carina complete, without a

median apical dip. Epomia short. Prepectal carina dorsad to 0.7 the height

2 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 4, 1982

of mesopleurum. Notauli weakly impressed anteriorly. Propodeum convex,

with only the apical transverse carina present, which is semicircularly

arched and usually complete. Fore wing with stub of ramellus distinct and

continued to some distance as a brownish or unpigmented groove. Areolet

triangular, receiving second recurrent vein near its outer corner. Nervellus

intercepted above the middle. Tarsal claws of female without a lobe or an

enlarged spatulate bristle. First abdominal tergite convex dorsally, with

short median dorsal carinae enclosing a basal declivity, its dorsolateral cari-

na present, and baso-lateral corner not projecting as a tooth. Spiracle just

below the dorsolateral carina and touching or almost touching it. First

sternite with a carina-like median fold, the basal end of which may or may

not be projecting out. Second to fifth abdominal tergites with low smooth

tubercles. Those on second often fused into a rhomboidal area. Ovipositor

0.8 to 1.5 x as long as the body, compressed, weakly upcurved, its tip with

lower valve occupying almost the entire depth, teeth compressed and close

together or spaced out to an area about 5.0 x the depth of ovipositor (figs.

1-3). Upper valve with slanting ridges, but not appearing saw-like in profile

view (cf. Hybomischos).

Some recent studies on Perithous are: Townes & Townes (1960), on North

American species; Townes, Momoi & Townes (1965), A Catalogue of Eastern

Palaearctic species; Oehlke (1966), on Taxonomy of Haupt species; Oehlke

(1967), Catalogue of Western Palaearctic species; and Constantineanu &

Constantineanu (1968) and Constantineanu & Pisica (1977), on Rumanian

species. Aubert (1969) also catalogued the West Palaearctic species, with

notes on hosts. These papers should be consulted for fuller bibliographic

references and synonymy of the species. Biological references mainly men-

tion host records and are given in the above references as well as in Carlson

(1979). Short (1978) figures the larval head of Perithous divinator divinator.

The larva has a large tooth-like projection at the junction of the base and

blade of the mandible and has three sensilla on maxillary and labial palpi

(fig. 4). In other genera of Theroniini, there are only 2 sensilla on these

palpi.

Species that have been described under Pevithous or those that belong to

that genus (in the strict sense) are listed below, with their present status.

Taxa that have been described as subspecies and are no longer considered

valid and other synonyms not originally described under Perithous are

omitted. These can be found in the various catalogues mentioned above.

Species falling under Hybomischos are also not included as they are being

treated in a separate paper that follows.

The following species have so far been reported under Perithous :

1. albicinctus (Gravenhorst), 1829. Europe, USSR, Japan.

Originally described under Ephialtes but transferred to Perithous by

Holmgren. Valid species.

2. brunnescens Koornneef, 1951. Europe.

Synonymized by Oehlke (1967) under Perithous (Hybomischos)

septemcinctorius (Thunberg).

3. divinator (Rossi), 1790. Europe, USSR, North Africa, North China,

North America.

Originally described under Jchneumon and first transferred to Perithous

by Marshall, 1872. Valid species. P. pimplavrius Haupt is a synonym

of it (cf. Oehlke, 1966).

13.

V. Gupta: Genus Perithous (Ichneumonidae) 3

exiguus Haupt, 1954. Europe.

Synonymized by Oehlke (1966) under P. (Hybomischos) septemcinctorius.

japonicus Uchida, 1928. Japan.

Reduced to a subspecies of P. mediator (Fabricius) by Townes & Townes

(1960). Valid subspecies.

longiseta Haupt, 1954. Europe.

Synonymized with P. mediator by Oehlke (1966). Constantineanu &

Constantineanu (1968) considered it a valid species, represented by

two subspecies longiseta longiseta Haupt and longiseta moldavica

Const. & Const. from Rumania. Not seen.

mediator (Fabricius), 1804. Holarctic.

Originally described under Pimpla and transferred to Perithous by

Holmgren, 1860. Townes & Townes (1960) recognized four subspecies

under it from Europe, North America, and Japan. Townes, Momoi &

Townes (1965) included nigrinotum Uchida from China as another sub-

species. Valid subspecies.

neomexicanus (Viereck), 1903. North America.

Originally described under Pimpla and first placed as a synonym of

P, pleuralis Cresson by Townes (1944) and subsequently (1960) treated

as a subspecies of P. mediator (Fabricius). Valid subspecies.

nigrinotum Uchida, 1942. China.

Townes, Momoi & Townes (1965) reduced it to a subspecies of

P. mediator. Valid subspecies.

nigrigaster Constantineanu & Constantineanu, 1968. Europe: Rumania.

pleuralis Cresson. North America.

Townes (1960) considered it as a subspecies of P. mediator.

Valid subspecies.

pimplarius Haupt, 1938. Europe.

Oehlke (1966) synonymized it with P. divinator (Rossius).

Constantineanu & Constantineanu (1968), however, considered it dis-

tinct. Not examined.

speculator Haupt, 1954. Europe.

Oehlke (1966), who examined the type considered it distinct.

Constantineanu & Constantineanu (1968) reported it from Rumania,

with two subspecies: speculator speculator and speculator trans-

sylvanicus. Not seen.

In addition the following species and subspecies are described here as new

from the Orient.

1,

2.

3.

4.

divinator himalayensis, n. subsp. Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh,

India.

digitalis, n. sp., with three subspecies:

(a) digitalis digitalis, n. subsp. Kashmir, India

(b) digitalis nepalensis, n. subsp. Nepal.

(c) digitalis taitwanensis, n. subsp. Taiwan.

sundaicus, n. sp. Java, Indonesia.

kamathi, n. sp. Himachal Pradesh, India.

4 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 4, 1982

PART I. THE HOLARCTIC SPECIES

Since all the European species so far described were not available for

study, a key to the world species is not attempted. Notes on all species known

to me are given below, incorporating new diagnostic features observed on the

metasternum, posterior mesosternal carina and the nature of the submeta-

pleural carina. These characters helped in the recognition of the new taxa

described in Part II of this paper.

1. PERITHOUS ALBICINCTUS (Gravenhorst)

Ephialtes albicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichneumonologia europaea,

3: 259. &. des. Type $, Germany: Hannover (Wroclaw).

Perithous albicinctus: Holmgren, 1860. Ofvers Svenska Vetensk.-Akad.

Forh., 16: 123. Uchida, 1928. J. Faculty Agr. Hokkaido Imp. Univ.,

20. 91.

Taxonomy: Townes et al., 1965: 69. Oehlke, 1967: 35.

Biology: Mirek, 1963: 419. Aubert, 1969: 100.

The posterior metasternal carina is curved and only slightly raised in the

middle, appearing like two low tubercles between the hind coxae. Median

metasternal furrow is deep and wide. Submetapleural carina is almost com-

plete to (but not quite touching) metasternal carina and flattened and wider just

above middle coxa (projection above middle coxa broadly rounded and its

anterior margin reflexed). Antennal flagellum composed of 37 segments,

slender. Ovipositor longer than body and its tip with teeth which are widely

spaced and occupying an area about 4.0 x its depth. First abdominal sternite

with only a moderately projecting basal tooth.

This species is distinctive in having a black thorax without reddish parts,

which is also the case in mediator japonicus from Japan, and sundaicus, n. sp.

described from Java.

Hosts: Ectemnius nigritarsus (H.-S.) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Mirek

(1963) has published on the biology of this species.

Distribution: Europe (England, Germany, Poland, Belgium, Finland, |

Sweden, France, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, Rumania, U. S. S. R.),

Japan. Specimens from Germany seen in Townes Collection.

2. PERITHOUS MEDIATOR (Fabricius)

The posterior metasternal carina is better developed and more prominent

in this species than in the preceding species. Tubercle-like prominences in

the middle are low but distinct. Median metasternal furrow narrow and some-

times partly obliterated. Submetapleural carina complete to metasternal

carina and forming a short conical projection above middle coxa (in American

subspecies this projection without a reflexed margin and somewhat broader

and thin; in Chinese subspecies also a little broader but reflexed). Ovipositor

longer than body and its tip with widely spaced teeth occupying an area about

..0 the apical depth of ovipositor. First sternite with a distinct conical or

obtuse projection at base, better developed than in albicinctus. Antennal flagel-

lum longer and slender (cf. divinator).

This species is widespread in Eurasia and North America. Five sub-

species are recognized (wediator, japonicus, nigrinotum, p leuvralis and

neomexicanus ). The non-reflexed nature of the submetapleural projection in

the North American subspecies readily separate them from the Eurasian

V. Gupta: Genus Perithous (Ichneumonidae) 5)

subspecies. The coloration of the various subspecies is diagnostic, although

the subspecies do show variations and perhaps intergrade in zones of overlap.

Some of the new subspecies described by Constantineanu & Constantineanu

have been synonymized with this subspecies by Aubert (1969) but this aspect

could not be verified as specimens of those subspecies were not available.

Key to the subspecies of Pevrithous mediator

Thorax wholly black except for yellow lines along upper margin of pronotum,

submetapleural ridge, mesepimeron, and apices of scutellum and meta-

scutellum. Hind tibia and tarsus blackish-brown and femur reddish-

brown, without any distinct black marks. Antenna black. Flagellar

segments 33+2. Japan, Korea, Sakhalin.

mediator japonicus Uchida (p. 7)

Thorax with mesopleurum and often also the mesoscutum reddish-brown.

Mesepimeron brown or black. Hind tibia and tarsus black marked.

Hind femur withor without black Marks... . 0.5 403 66 ew 85 8s 2

Mesopleurum with an oval yellow spot at dorsal end of prepectal carina.

Mesoscutum black. Scutellum largely yellow. Hind tibia and tarsus

pale yellow with blackish marks. Hind femur without black mark.

Face broadly yellow on sides. Antenna brown. Flagellar segments

28 (only 12 known). China: Manchuria.

mediator nigrinotum Uchida (p. 6)

Mesopleurum without a yellow spot. Mesoscutum usually wholly reddish-

brown, but sometimes brownish to blackish with reddish lines.

Specimens from North America with black mesoscutum also have apex

Of tind 16MWF DIAC. oie) oo wo is i SE ie we OG eae les 3

. Submetapleural projection above middle coxa conical and with a reflexed

margin. First abdominal tergite largely smooth with scattered minute

punctures. Second and following tergites also largely smooth in apical

half. All legs of female reddish-brown with only inconspicuous fuscous

marks on hind tibia and tarsus. Male fore and middle coxae may be

yellow. Antenna brown. Flagellar segments 31+3 (less in specimens

from Italy, which are comparatively smaller). Europe.

mediator mediator (Fabricius) (p. 6)

Submetapleural projection above middle coxa broader and withouta _ |

reflexed margin. First abdominal tergite with denser punctation; other

tergites also with crowded punctures, particularly in basal half. Hind

tibia and tarsus of female yellowish to brownish with conspicuous dark

fuscous marks. Fore and middle coxae partly whitish. Antenna black

in female, brownish black: in males: aicoand ees: 6 eee EG oe 4

Hind femur without a black apical mark (rarely faintly infuscate). First

abdominal tergite with punctures well-separated. Punctures on second

tergite crowded in its basolateral areas, but centrally (including

swellings) smooth and with widely scattered and minute punctures.

Mesoscutum usually reddish brown. Hind tibia and tarsus pale with

black marks. North America in Rocky mountains and west of them.

mediator neomexicanus (Viereck) (p. 8)

6 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 4, 1982

Hind femur always with an apical black ring. First and second abdominal

tergites with crowded punctures, those on second extending over the

basal half of swelling (except rarely particularly specimens from N. W.

partsof range). Mesoscutal color varying from reddish-brown to

black. Hind tibia and tarsus often dark. North America east of Rocky

mountains and Alaska and also in mountains of British Columbia and

Oregon (zones of overlap). ... mediator pleuralis (Cresson) (p.8)

2a. PERITHOUS MEDIATOR MEDIATOR (Fabricius)

Pimpla mediator Fabricius, 1804. Syst. Piez., 2: 117. ¥. des.

Type ?, Czechoslovakia: Mahren (Kiel, on deposit in Copenhagen).

Perithous mediator mediator: Townes & Townes, 1960. U.S. Natl.

Mus. Bull. , 216(2): 214. %, °. England, Germany.

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1967: 35 (full synonymy).

Biology: Borries, 1897: 153-159. Brocher, 1926: 393-410. Aubert,

1969: 102.

Characterized by having punctures on abdominal tergites rather fine and

sparse. Submetapleural carina with a short conical projection above middle

coxa with its apical margin reflexed. Antenna brownish. Mesopleurum,

mesoscutum, scutellum (except apically), and often the upper dorsal margin

of pronotum reddish-brown (extreme apical margin of pronotum yellow); tegula

brown. Subtegular ridge yellow. Head black with inner orbital borders

yellow. All legs orange-brown with hind tibia and tarsus with rather incon-

spicuous light fuscous marks. Propodeum with a crescentic yellow mark in

the middle along apical transverse carina. Abdominal tergites narrowly

yellow along their apical margins.

Specimens from Italy are more yellow: face is largely yellow with black

mark confined in the middle (one female normal); clypeus is also largely

yellow; fore coxa is lighter in color and is yellowish; and the apical margins

of abdominal tergites are more distinctly yellow. Specimens from U. S. S. R.

almost lack the yellow mark on propodeum and the yellow apical bands on

abdominal tergites are rather narrow.

The males have the face wholly yellow, fore and middle coxae yellow,

their tibiae and tarsi also yellow but marked with orange, particularly femora,

and hind coxa and femur orange, their tibia and tarsus yellow with light fus-

cous markings. In one male from Italy there is a yellow faint spot on meso-

pleurum as seen in female of nigrinotum.

Hosts: Aubert (1969) gives a long list of hosts. They belong to Coleoptera

(Cerambycidae) and Hymenoptera (Xiphydriidae, Cynipidae, Chrysididae,

Eumenidae, Sphecidae, and Megachilidae).

Distribution: Widely distributed in Europe, England, USSR. Specimens

from USSR, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and England

seen in Townes and Ottawa Collections.

2b. PERITHOUS MEDIATOR NIGRINOTUM Uchida

Perithous medinator (!) nigrinotum Uchida, 1942. Ins. Matsumurana,

16: 118. 2. des. Type 2, China: Kaiyuan in Manchuria (Sapporo).

Examined, 1980.

Perithous (Perithous) mediator nigrinotum: Townes etal., 1965. Mem.

Amer. Ent. Inst., 5: 69.

V. Gupta: Genus Perithous (Ichneumonidae) 7

This subspecies is known only from the female type-specimen from

Kaiyuan (= Kaigen), Manchuria. It is rather similar to the typical subspecies

but the propodeum is shiny, impunctate, and the second and third abdominal

tergites are more definitely punctate, the punctures separated from each other

by about 1.5 to 2.0 their diameter. Facial punctures somewhat larger but

sparser than in mediator mediator. Submetapleural projection above middle

coxa not very acute, its margin narrowly reflexed. Face more yellowish on

sides, median black mark narrow towards antennal sockets (which are yellow).

Antenna brownish, yellowish ventrally towards base. Pronotum black with a

yellow line along its upper margin. Mesoscutum and metapleurum black.

Mesoscutum with faint brownish-yellow lines. Mesopleurum largely orange-

brown with a yellow spot near upper end of prepectal carina. Scutellum,

metascutellum, tegula, and subtegular ridge yellow. Propodeum black with a

broad crescentic yellow mark along apical transverse carina. Apices of all

abdominal tergites yellow. Fore and middle legs largely yellow with their

femorae yellowish orange. Hind leg orange-brown up to femur, its tibia and

tarsus yellowish and with fuscous marks subbasally and apically on tibia and

at apices of tarsal segments.

Distribution: China: Manchuria.

2c. PERITHOUS MEDIATOR JAPONICUS Uchida

Perithous japonicus Uchida, 1928. J. Fac. Agri. Hokkaido Imp. Univ.,

25:91. 9, oO. des., fig. Lectotype ?, Japan: Yamagata (Sapporo).

Japan: Sapporo, Nikko; Sakhalin.

Perithous mediator japonicus: Townes & Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl.

Mus. Bull., 216(2): 214. key, des. Japan.

Taxonomy: Townes et al., 1965: 69.

Similar to the typical subspecies in having an acute submetapleural projec-

tion above middle coxa with its margin reflexed. Propodeum punctate as in

mediator mediator. Facial punctures comparatively coarser and abdominal

tergites, particularly the first and second more densely punctate (first tergite

smoother with scattered punctures in mediator mediator and m. nigvinotum).

Facial orbits broadly yellow. Black mark on face parallel-sided

(variable in width). Thorax black except for yellow marks along upper margin

of pronotum, tegula (brownish-yellow), subtegular ridge, apical half of scutel-

lum, metascutellum, and a crescentic to circular mark on propodeum along

apical transverse carina. Apical margins of abdominal tergites yellow. Fore

and middle coxae yellow. Hind coxa reddish-brown. Fore and middle femora

yellowish-brown and their tibiae and tarsi infuscate. Hind femur reddish-

brown. Hind tibia and tarsus blackish-brown.

Distribution: Japan, Korea and Sakhalin. Specimens from Hokkaido,

Kamikochi and Tanigumi Prov., Japan,examined in Townes Collection.

Hosts: Unknown.

Alaskan specimens of mediator pleuralis somewhat approach this sub-

species in body punctation and color of hind leg. Japonicus also resembles

albicinctus in coloration, but submetapleural carina is complete and the basal

conical projection on first sternite is distinct. The submetapleural projection

above middle coxa is short, conical and with a reflexed margin.

8 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 4, 1982

2d. PERITHOUS MEDIATOR NEOMEXICANUS (Viereck)

Pimpla neomexicana Viereck, 1903. im Skinner: Trans. Amer. Ent.

Soc., 29: 88. 2. des. Type 2, Beulah, N. Mexico (Philadelphia).

Perithous mediator neomexicanus: Townes & Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl.

Mus. Bull., 216(2): 213.

Perithous (Perithous) mediator neomexicanus: Carlson, 1979. In

Krombein et al.: Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico,

1: 348.

Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1966: 94.

This and the other American subspecies differ from the typical subspecies

in having a thin and broader submetapleural projection above middle coxa, the

apical margin of which is not reflexed. The punctation on abdominal tergites

is also denser. The fore and middle coxae are often partly yellowish-white

and hind tibia and tarsus with distinct black markings. The males are not

very distinctive, except that in males of neomexicanus, the antenna tend to be

dark brown to black and black markings on hind leg are more conspicuous.

First abdominal tergite with scattered punctures. Second tergite with

punctures confined mostly in basolateral areas. Swellings on it largely smooth

(cf. pleuralis and japonicus). Hind leg brown with tibia and tarsus broadly

infuscate (usually only the apices of tarsal segments black and tibia largely

yellowish-brown along inner side). Hind femur without black apical mark

(except rarely faintly so). Mesoscutum usually entirely reddish-brown.

Yellow markings on face, propodeum, and abdominal tergites as in the typical

sub-species.

Host: Pemphredon confertim.

Distribution: North America in Rocky mountains and west of the same.

Specimens from various localities in Alberta, Arizona, Idaho, Colorado,

California, Montana, Oregon, British Columbia, New Mexico and Washington

State seen in Townes and Ottawa Collections.

2e. PERITHOUS MEDIATOR PLEURALIS (Cresson)

Perithous pleuralis Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent., 1: 46. 2. des.

Type ¢, Ontario: Grimsby (lost).

Perithous mediator pleuralis: Townes & Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl.

Mus. Bull., 216(2): 211.

Perithous (Perithous) mediator pleuralis: Carlson, 1979. In Krombein

et al.: Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, 1: 348.

Biology: Champlain, 1922: 97. Rheinhard, 1929: 155. Krombein, 1960:

31,

Readily distinguished from neomexicanus as well as from mediator

mediator by having crowded punctures on first and second abdominal tergites,

those on second tergite extending a little over the swellings, at least in basal

half (except rarely), hind leg brown with femur always having an apical black

ring which is usually wide, about as wide as the apical depth of femur, hind

tibia and tarsus yellowish with black apical marks, but often tibia and tarsus

with extensive black marks, color of mesoscutum varying from reddish-

brown to black, mesopleurum also often black dorsally, abdominal tergites

sometimes only with faint yellow margins, and fore and middle legs also

sometimes tending to be infuscate.

V. Gupta: Genus Perithous (Ichneumonidae) 9

Specimens from Alaska and British Columbia are generally darker, with

mesoscutum black, with or without two small reddish lines, hind femur with

wider black apical band, hind tibia and tarsus almost wholly black in female

and with white markings in male.

This subspecies intergrades with neomexicanus in the northern parts of

its distributional range and specimens of both the subspecies have been collected

in Oregon (same locality) as well as in British Columbia and Idaho.

Hosts: Pemphredon concolor, P. inornatus, and P. harbecki ?.

Distribution: North America east of Rocky mountains and Alaska. Also

occurring in British Columbia mountains, Idaho, and Oregon. Specimens from

most eastern states north to Michigan as well as Quebec seen in Townes

Collections.

3. PERITHOUS DIVINATOR (Rossi)

Ichneumon divinator Rossi, 1790. Fauna Etrusca,2: 48. 2. des.

Type ¢, Italy: Etrusca (location?).

Perithous divinator: Marshall, 1872. Catalog of British Hymenoptera,

p. 86. England.

Taxonomy: Townes & Townes, 1960: 215. Townes et al., 1965: 69.

Oehlke, 1967: 35. Carlson, 1979: 348.

Biology: Horstmann,1964: 193. Thomas, 1964: 199. Horstmann,1967: 95.

Aubert, 1969: 101.

In this species the median portion of posterior mesosternal carina forms a

posteriorly directed pair of closely set tubercles, which are also hairy,

metasternal furrow shallow to obliterated, submetapleural carina narrow,

complete to metasternal carina or slightly short of it, not widened above

middle, midventral fold of first sternite not forming a conical projection at

base, antenna short and a little thickened subapically, about 0.75 the length of

body, flagellum composed of 28+2 segments, ovipositor short, about 0.8 the

body length, its tip with teeth occupying an area which is only about 2.5 its

apical depth, teeth comparatively closely set, scape and pedicel combined a

little longer than second flagellar segment (14: 12), and nervellus intercepted

at its upper 0.33.

Head black with inner orbits, base of clypeus, mandible, and scape and

pedicel beneath, yellow. Upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, apex

of scutellum, metascutellum and an arched mark on propodeum, yellow.

Mesoscutum, mesopleurum, mesosternum, and legs reddish-brown. Thorax

otherwise black. Hind tibia and tarsus often lightly infuscate. Abdominal

tergites black with apices of second and the following tergites narrowly to

faintly yellow. Sometimes these yellow lines partly obliterated.

In males, face wholly yellow and tegula and fore and middle legs largely

yellowish-white with hind tibia and tarsus blackish dorsally.

This species apparently has a wide range of distribution, having been

recorded from Europe, USSR, North Africa, North America and Northern

China. I have examined specimens of it from England, Sweden, Germany

and Eastern North America in Townes Collections and Canadian National

Collections. According to Townes & Townes (1960) it is an introduced species

in North America. ?

A new subspecies, divinator hymalayensis, is described here from

Himachal Pradesh, India. The European and American populations should

therefore be referred to as divinator divinator. a

Regional color variations occur in the various populations of divinator

divinatoy studied. The females from Sweden have two small yellow spots on

10 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 4, 1982

the face just below antennal sockets, connected to the yellow orbital stripes

(as is also seen in American specimens). In males the hind coxa is lightly

infuscate on the inner side. In all European specimens the tegula is yellowish-

brown, and hind tibia and tarsus faintly infuscate.

Specimens from England tend to be darker, with mesopleurum and meso-

scutum darker reddish-brown, fore coxa partly yellow, hind coxa largely infus-

cate, hind tibia and tarsus brownish-black, tegula dark brown in female and

brownish-yellow in male, and mesopleurum often black along prepectus and

along mesopleural groove (varying in extent in different specimens). The

yellow marks on abdomen and propodeum are extremely narrow and often

absent.

The North American specimens have bright reddish-brown mesopleurum,

mesoscutum, and all coxae of female (as in European specimens), except fore

coxae often partly yellow, the hind tibia and tarsus of female lightly infuscate,

tegula yellow, male fore coxa yellow, and yellow lines on abdomen and pro-

podeum more prominent. Even the orbital yellow stripes are a little wider

and often there are two small yellow spots below antennal sockets which may

be or may not be connected with the orbital stripes.

One female from Bulgaria: Sozopol, in Townes Collection, is rather

different and fits the description of Perithous pimplarius Haupt. The first

abdominal segment is short with a deep declivity at base and second and third

abdominal tergites are transverse (wider than long) rather than long as is

usual in the genus. The flagellum is short (27-segmented), scape and pedicel

combined not longer than second flagellar segment, abdominal tergites includ-

ing postpetiole more densely punctate, tubercles on abdominal tergites more

prominent and oblong, nervellus intercepted almost at middle, tegula yellowish-

white, scutellum largely yellow and apex of first tergite white (never seen in

the specimens of divinator with me), and yellow lines on abdominal tergites

more distinct.

Whether or not this specimen represents one of the species described by

Haupt or Constantineanu could not be decided without reference to the type-

specimens. Horstmann (1967) has incidentally shown that the nature of the

abdomen in divinator can vary with reference to its hosts, and therefore he

synonymized P, pimplarius with divinator.

Hosts: Chiefly parasitic on species of Pemphredon, Passoloceus, Psenulus,

Trypoxylon, and other Sphecidae in Europe and North America. Aubert (1969)

lists several hosts belonging to Coleoptera (Cerambycidae), Lepidoptera

(Pyralidae), and Hymenoptera (Cynipidae, Chrysididae, Eumenidae, and

Sphecidae).

Distribution: Europe (Italy, Germany, France, England, Finland, Rumania,

Czechoslovakia, Spain, USSR), North Africa, China, Canada, U.S.A. In

North America distributed mainly from Quebec south to Connecticut and

Pennsylvania and west to Wisconsin.

V. Gupta: Genus Perithous (Ichneumonidae) 11

II. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW TAXA FROM THE ORIENT

Key to the Oriental Species of Perithous

1. Mesopleurum and mesoscutum black with yellow spots or stripes, finely

polished. Metapleurum and metasternum also polished. Submeta-

pleural carina flattened out and forming a triangular or rounded pro-

jection over baee.of middle come tig, (it. 6 ee ee ew we 2

Mesopleurum and mesoscutum reddish-brown, subpolished. Metapleurum

with minute punctures or smoother (digitalis). Metasternum smooth or

hairy. Submetapleural carina narrow and not flattened or widened

above middle coxa (fig. 2, 3) more reflexed. .........2e.e6-. 3

2. Metasternal carina forming conical projections in the middle between hind

coxae (fig. 1). Median metasternal groove absent and represented by

a small pit only. Submetapleural carina distinct on anterior 0.8 of

metapleurum and forming a triangular projection above middle coxa.

First sternite conically produced basomedially. Mesoscutum with two

lateral yellow stripes near middle. Propodeum smooth dorsally, with

only scattered punctures laterally. (In general thorax sparsely hairy

and highly polished). Java (2 only known).

5. sundaicus, n. sp. (p. 15)

Metasternal carina not forming conical projections in the middle. Median

metasternal groove distinct and widely open behind between hind coxae

(metasternal carina curving around hind coxae). Submetapleural carina

short, extending only in anterior 0.5 of metapleurum and forming a

broadly rounded flange above middle coxa. First sternite not conically

produced basomedially, only with a short tubercle. Mesoscutum wholly

black. Propodeum more punctate dorsolaterally. (In general thorax

hairy and subpolished.) India: Himachal Pradesh. (% only known.)

6. kamathi, n. sp. (p.16)

3. Metasternum shiny and with a finger-like projection between middle and

hind coxae (fig. 3). Submetapleural carina broadly reflexed above

middle coxa and forming a short triangular projection. Antenna 0.8 as

long as the body, slender. Ovipositor 0.8 to 1.0 as long as body, its

tip with very closely spaced oblique teeth (fig. 3). Base of first sternite

with a forwardly directed projection. (Female only known.) India,

Nepal. Tal wates wince tine Ves winaebin 4. digitalis, n. sp. (p. 13)

Metasternum apically rough and hairy, with a posteriorly directed pair of

closely set and blunt tubercles between hind coxae (fig. 2). Submeta-

pleural carina narrowly reflexed and broadly triangular above middle

coxa. Antenna shorter, about 0.65 to 0.75 the body length and some-

what thickened preapically. Ovipositor about 0.8 as long as the body,

its tip with moderately spaced vertical teeth (fig. 2). Base of first

sternite without any projection. ........ | A RCOR: 5) a in te

4. Tegula brown or with a brown spot (in American populations yellow). Side

of scutellum and middle coxa reddish-brown. Abdominal yellow bands

very narrow, often incomplete or absent on some or most of thetergites.

Body slender, 7-9 mm.long. Submetapleural carina complete to hind

coxal cavity, straight. Metapleurum not strongly striate near hind coxa.

12 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 4, 1982

Male without yellow marks on mesoscutum or mesopleurum. Widely

distributed in Holarctic Region. 3a. divinator divinator Rossi (p. 9)

Tegula, sides of scutellum, and middle coxa largely yellow. Abdominal

yellow bands always prominent. Body stouter, 10-11 mm long. Sub-

metapleural carina a little obliterated posteriorly and bent inwards.

Metapleurum obliquely striate near hind coxa (fig. 2). Male with

yellow marks in the region of notauli and on mesopleurum. Hind tibia

and tarsus tending to be darker. India: Himalaya.

3b. divinator himalayensis, n. subsp. (p. 12)

3b. PERITHOUS DIVINATOR HIMALAYENSIS, n. subsp. (fig. 2)

Female: Antenna a little thickened preapically, about 0.65 to 0.75 as long

as the body. Face punctate in the center, smooth along orbital borders, its

upper edge a little cleft between antennal sockets. Frons, vertex, temple and

occiput smooth and shiny, but hairy, especially the temples. Mesoscutum sub-

polished, beset with short hairs. Pronotum shallowly wrinkled in the median

groove, otherwise subpolished. Mesopleurum polished, sparsely hairy. Meta-

pleurum polished, with minute punctures dorsoapically, area close to hind

coxa ruguloso-striate (fig. 2). Submetapleural carina narrow and not widened

above middle coxa, a little obliterated apically, where it is bent inward and

meets metasternal carina which forms two closely set posteriorly directed

teeth-like projections (fig. 2). This area also conspicuously hairy. Median

groove on metasternum distinct in apical 0.75. Propodeum finely punctate

dorsolaterally, smooth basomedially. Apical transverse carina complete or

slightly obliterated in the middle, bounding a smooth and shiny petiolar area.

Propodeum with a shallow median groove up to the transverse carina. Abdo-

minal tergites subpolished with scattered punctures, those on first distributed

all over except in the apical portion, those on second weaker in apical half,

those on third and the following tergites confined to basal 0.25 with tubercles

and apical areas mat to subpolished. Sides of tergites densely punctate.

Tubercles rather weak and more distinct only on tergites 3-5. Ovipositor

about 0.8 the body length, its tip with parallel, slightly arched teeth confined

to an area about 2.5 its depth (fig. 2).

Black with mesopleurum, mesosternum, mesoscutum and scutellum

reddish-brown. Scape and pedicel yellow ventrally. Flagellum brown. Basal

two to three flagellar segments also yellowish ventrally. Face laterally and

just below antennal sockets, upper orbital borders, clypeus along basal and

lateral margins, mandible in basal half, upper margin of pronotal collar,

tegula, subtegular ridge, sides and apex of scutellum, metascutellum, mese-

pimeron, and a semicircular mark on propodeum along apical transverse

carina, yellow. Legs reddish-brown except fore and middle coxae yellow,

their femora yellow marked and hind tibia and tarsus blackish-brown. Second

to fifth abdominal tergites yellow apically. Margins of sixth and seventh ter-

gites broadly yellow laterally and very narrowly so dorsally.

Male: Similar to female with face and clypeus wholly yellow. Mesoscutum

with yellow marks along notaular areas. Scutellum largely yellow. Meso-

pleurum with indistinct one or two yellow marks. First tergite may be yellow

apically in the middle.

This subspecies differs from the typical subspecies in having the submeta-

pleural carina almost obliterated apically and metapleurum more punctate.

The tubercles are mat. The male has faint to distinct yellow marks on

mesoscutum and mesopleurum. The body coloration is more like that of the

V. Gupta: Genus Perithous (Ichneumonidae) 13

American population of the typical subspecies. The European populations tend

to have less yellow on propodeum and abdomen. The abdomen is comparatively

strongly punctate. Specimens from Britain examined are rather dark and

largely devoid of yellow markings.

Length: 10-11 mm. Fore wing 7.5-8.5 mm. Ovipositor 7.5-8.0 mm.

Antenna 7.0-7.5 mm.

Holotype °, India: Himachal Pradesh: Manali, 1828 m., 19-V-1970,

M. K. Kamath (Gupta).

Allotype ¢: Same data as the holotype.

Paratypes: 262, 4%: Same locality as the type, but collected from 2 to 30-

V-1970 by various Collectors (Gupta). H. P.:Sangla, 2743 m., Kalpa Valley,

12, 16 - VI-1972, Gupta. U.P.: Gangotri, 3000 m., 12, 20-VI-1977,

G. Singh (Gupta).

4, PERITHOUS DIGITALIS, n. sp. (fig. 3)

Readily distinguished by having a finger-like median projection on meta-

sternum between middle and hind coxae, submetapleural carina narrow, but

rather broadly reflexed and triangular above middle coxa, this carina a little

curved near metasternal carina, first abdominal sternite with a median basal

projection, and ovipositor tip compressed and with teeth spaced close together

(fig. 3).

Female: Antenna slender, about 0.8 the body length. Face minutely to

closely punctate, raised near antennal sockets and with a faint median carina

extending in the upper half of face. Clypeus smooth, with setiferous punctures

and concave in apical half. Frons and vertex smooth and polished. Vertex

posteriorly and temple smooth but hairy. Pronotum polished. Mesoscutum

subpolished and hairy. Scutellum a little more convex than in other species

and subpolished. Mesopleurum polished, sparsely hairy. Metapleurum

polished. Submetapleural carina narrow and forming a short triangular pro-

jection anteriorly above middle coxa, just short of reaching posterior meta-

sternal carina. Metasternal carina irregular and forming a characteristic

posteriorly directed long finger-like projection (fig. 3) in the middle, with its

apex knob-like. Metasternum without a median longitudinal groove. Propodeum

shiny, hairy or punctate on sides, with or without a median basal depression;

its apical transverse carina complete or incomplete. First tergite smooth or

punctate, raised in the middle. First sternite with a strong basomedian for-

wardly directed projection. Abdomen with protuberances on second and the

following tergites, which may be smooth or punctate. Ovipositor rather

strongly compressed, about 0.8 to 1.0 the body length, teeth on its lower

valve compressed into a small area, occupying about 2.5 its maximum depth,

teeth circular and close together, with basal 2-3 teeth divergent (fig. 3).

This species is known only from three females, one each from India, Nepal

and Taiwan. They are essentially similar to each other, but exhibit slight

differences in puncation and coloration. I prefer to consider them as allopatric

subspecies until the extent of variability of each population is known, when they

may turn out to be distinct species. Among the three specimens, the specimen

from Kashmir has stronger punctation, while the specimens from Nepal and

Taiwan are closely related. They can be separated by the following key:

14 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 4, 1982

Key to the subspecies of Perithous digitalis

1. Inner eye orbits narrowly yellow. Face closely punctate. Propodeum

without a white apical semicircular mark. Apical transverse carina

distinct and semicircularly arched. Median groove on propodeum

extending to its middle. Propodeum punctate laterally. Hind coxa

yellowish-brown with a pale yellow dorsal spot. Scape and pedicel

black. Bands on abdominal tergites narrow, those on apical tergites

rather inconspicuous. India: Kashmir.

4a. digitalis digitalis, n. subsp. (p. 14)

Inner orbits broadly yellow—these stripes meeting on face below antennal

sockets. Face with minute scattered punctures. Propodeum with a

complete semicircular yellow stripe in the region of apical transverse

carina, or with two lateral spots, the carina itself indistinct and

represented by two lateral tubercles. Median groove of propodeum

indistinct to absent. Propodeum smoother. Scape and pedicel white

marked. Bands on abdominal tergites wider and conspicuous on second

ane tre FOLlOWInS Lererice. oe ei ee ee eer er 2

2. Face with scattered punctures, smooth medially. Propodeum smooth and

shiny, with two apicolateral yellow spots. Hind coxa and femur yellow.

Hind leg largely yellow with fuscous marks on tibia and tarsus.

Wena se Ea ee A 4b. digitalis nepalensis, n. subsp. (p. 15)

Face with minute punctures, without a smooth medial area. Propodeum

with a semicircular yellow mark in the region of apical transverse

carina, with minute setiferous punctures laterally. Hind coxa and

femur yellowish-brown. Hind leg darker yellowish-brown, with tibia

extensively black marked. Taiwan. .

4c. digitalis taiwanensis, n. subsp. (p. 15)

4a. PERITHOUS DIGITALIS DIGITALIS, n. subsp.

Female: Face with distinct well separated punctures. Metapleurum

wrinkled near hind coxa, otherwise smooth and polished. Propodeum shallowly

punctate laterally, with a median groove which extends to its middle; its apical

transverse carina distinct and semicircularly arched. Petiolar area mat.

First tergite punctate with its apex smoother. Protuberances on second and the

following tergites smooth medially, otherwise abdomen sparsely punctate and

hairy. Sides of tergites with denser punctures.

Black. Mesoscutum, scutellum (except its apex), and mesopleurum

(except narrowly below wings), reddish-brown. Clypeus along epistomal

groove, mandible basally, inner orbits narrowly up to the ocellar level, hind

corner of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, apex of scutellum, metascutellum

wholly, and apices of second to sixth abdominal tergites narrowly, yellow.

Mesepimeron brownish-black. First tergite faintly yellow in the middle and

seventh tergite yellow laterally. Scape and pedicel without yellow marks,

black. Fore and middle legs largely yellowish with yellowish-brown patches

on femora. Hind coxa yellowish-brown with a pale yellow dorsal oval spot.

Hind femur yellowish-brown with a black subapical ring and its apex yellow.

Middle and hind tibiae with black dorsal lines, and their bases and apices also

black. Middle and hind tarsal segments yellow with their apices black.

Male: Unknown.

V. Gupta: Genus Perithous (Ichneumonidae) 15

Length: ?, 8.5mm. Fore wing 7mm. Ovipositor 8.5 mm.

Holotype: 2, India: Kashmir, Pahalgam, 7200 ft., 29-VI-1966,

M. K. Kamath (Gupta).

4b. PERITHOUS DIGITALIS NEPALENSIS, n. subsp.

Female: Face with scattered punctures, smooth medially. Metapleurum

smooth and polished. Propodeum smooth and shiny, with a faint indication of

a basomedian groove, its apical transverse carina absent, but represented

laterally by weak tubercles. Petiolar area smooth and shiny. First tergite

largely smooth and shiny. Protuberances on second and the following tergites

impunctate and shiny. Second to fourth tergites punctate laterally.

Black. Similar to digitalis digitalis but inner eye margins broadly yellow

—these marks meeting on face below antennal sockets. Scape and pedicel with

ventral whitish-yellow marks. Upper margin of pronotum yellow. Upper mar-

gin of mesopleurum broadly black. Mesepimeron yellow. Apex of propodeum

with two small lateral yellow marks. Hind leg largely yellow with lateral

black marks on femur, tibia and tarsus. Hind coxa faintly marked laterally

with yellowish-brown. Bands on second and the following abdominal tergites

wider and conspicuous on all tergites.

Male: Unknown.

Length: °, 8mm. Fore wing 7mm. Ovipositor 6.6 mm.

Holotype 2, Nepal: Kathmandu, Godavari, 1500 m., 29-IX-1970, Gupta

(Gupta).

4c. PERITHOUS DIGITALIS TAIWANENSIS, n. subsp. (fig. 3)

Female: Face with minute punctures, without a smooth smooth median

area. Metapleurum smooth and polished. Propodeum with minute setiferous

punctures laterally, with a faint indication of a basomedian groove, without an

apical transverse carina, though with lateral weak tubercles. Petiolar area

mat. Abdomen smooth as in nepalensis, with smooth tubercles and second to

fourth tergites punctate laterally.

General coloration similar to that of digitalis nepalensis, with scape,

pedicel and abdominal tergites broadly yellow. Yellow on face more extensive

below antennal sockets. Propodeum with a semicircular yellow mark in the

region of apical transverse carina. Hind leg somewhat darker, yellowish-

brown, with femur almost wholly yellowish-brown and tibia more extensively

black marked.

Male: Unknown.

Length: 2, 8.5mm. Fore wing 7.5mm. Ovipositor 7.5 mm.

Holotype: °, Taiwan: Taipei, ex Chiu Colln., 1971 (Gupta).

5. PERITHOUS SUNDAICUS, n. sp. (fig. 1)

Superficially resembling the Japanese Perithous mediator japonicus in

coloration, but distinct in having a yellow spot on mesopleurum near upper end

of prepectal carina and also by having a very polished metapleurum and meta-

sternum, with the posterior metasternal carina forming distinct conical

processes in the middle and the median metasternal groove absent and repre-

sented only by a small pit. The submetapleural carina is absent in apical

0.25 and the projection above middle coxa is conical and longer than in japoni-

cus, The propodeum is shiny and not punctate as in japonicus.

16 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 4, 1982

Female: Antenna slender, about 0.8 as long as the body. Face with

scattered shallow punctures. Frons, vertex, temple and occiput smooth

and shiny. Temple with scattered hairs. Mesoscutum shiny, with minute seti-

ferous punctures. Pronotum, mesopleurum, metapleurum, mesosternum

and metasternum shiny and polished. Mesopleurum with scattered minute

setiferous punctures. Metasternal carina forming conical projections in the

middle between hind coxae. Median metasternal groove indistinct and repre-

sented by a pit only. Submetapleural carina distinct in anterior 0.8 of meta-

pleurum, forming a triangular projection above middle coxa, its apical margin

reflexed. Propodeum smooth and shiny, with scattered and a little elongate

punctures laterally, with a shallow median groove. Apical transverse carina

erased medially, although two triangular white marks at this place demarcate

a semicircular petiolar area. Tergite shiny, with scattered punctures lateral-

ly. First sternite forming a conical projection basomedially. Punctures on

second to fourth tergites moderate and well separated. The following tergites

smooth with minute setiferous punctures. Teeth on ovipositor tip arched and

parallel, extending over to nearly 5.0 the width of ovipositor (fig. 1).

Black. Antenna wholly blackish-brown, without white marks on scape

and pedicel. Face except narrowly in the middle, clypeus except in the middle,

teeth except apically, upper orbital borders, two linear marks on mesoscutum,

upper margin of pronotum, pronotal collar largely, subtegular ridge, an oval

spot on mesopleurum at upper end of prepectal carina, mesepimeron, two

lateral triangular marks on propodeum in the region of apical transverse

carina, scutellum laterally and apically, and metascutellum except basally,

yellow. Tegula brown. Fore and middle coxae and fore trochanters yellow.

Hind coxa reddish-brown with an oval dorsal yellow spot at base. Legs other-

wise brownish-yellow, with fore legs lighter in color and middle tarsus and

hind tibia and tarsus brownish-black. Apices of first (narrowly), 2nd and 3rd

tergites brownish, those of fourth laterally, fifth completely and sixth and

seventh tergites laterally, yellow.

Male: Unknown.

Length: °, 12mm. Fore wing 10mm. Ovipositor 15 mm.

Holotype 2, Java: Tjibodas, 1400 m., 27 to 29 - VII - 1930, M. A.

Lieftinck (Townes).

Paratype 2, W. Java: Mt. Gedeh, 28 - XI - 1935, ex Betrem Coll.

(Gupta).

6. PERITHOUS KAMATHI, n. sp.

Similar to the Javanese sundaicus, n. sp., and mainly distinguished by the

absence of conical tubercles on metasternum and first sternite, complete

metasternal groove, which is widely open behind between hind coxae, and

short submetapleural carina extending in anterior 0.95 to 0.6 only and forming

a broadly triangular flange above middle coxa. The propodeum is punctate

dorsolaterally and the apical transverse carina is distinct throughout. The

mesoscutum does not have yellow stripes.

Male: Antenna long and slender, about 0.8 as long as the body. Face

punctate. Frons, vertex, temple and occiput smooth, with temple and vertex

posteriorly sparsely hairy. Mesoscutum subpolished, with short hairs.

Pronotum, mesopleurum, metapleurum, and metasternum shiny, polished,

with mesosternum subpolished and more hairy (as in mesoscutum). Metaster-

nal carina almost absent, faintly represented in the middle, not forming coni-

cal projections. Median metasternal groove distinct and widely open behind.

V. Gupta: Genus Perithous (Ichneumonidae) 17

Submetapleural carina extending in anterior 0.5 to 0.6 only and forming a

broadly triangular flange above middle coxa. Propodeum with distinct well

separated punctures except in the central region, its median groove faint.

Apical transverse carina distinct. First tergite with scattered punctures, its

sternite with a blunt projection at base. Second to fifth tergites more punctate,

punctures well separated. The following tergites progressively minutely

punctate.

Black. Scape and pedicel yellow beneath. Flagellum black. Face and

clypeus wholly, upper orbital borders, pronotal collar medially, upper margin

of pronotum, subtegular ridge, an oval spot on mesopleurum at the end of

prepectal carina, mesepimeron, apical half of scutellum, metascutellum, two

triangular marks on propodeum near apical transverse carina, and apices of all

abdominal tergites, yellow. Tegula yellowish-brown. Fore and middle coxae

and trochanters yellow, their femora, tibia and tarsi yellowish-brown. Hind

coxa and femur orange brown, coxa yellow basodorsally, tibia and tarsus black-

ish. Apical tarsal segment of middle tarsus also black.

Female: Unknown.

Length: >, 11-14mm. Fore wing 8-11 mm.

Holotype: %, India: Manali, Himachal Pradesh, 1828 m., 20-V-1970,

M. K. Kamath (Gupta). |

Paratypes: 7%, same locality, collected during 17 to 23-V-1970 (Gupta).

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Haupt, H. 1954. Fensterfange bemerkenswerter Ichneumonen. Deutsch.

Ent. Ztschr (n.f.) 1: 99-116.

Horstmann, K. 1964. Zur Biologie der Holzanbohrenden Schlupfwespen,

Perithous divinator Rossi (Hym., Ichneum.). Fauna Mitt. Norddeutschl.

2: 193-197.

Horstmann, K. 1967. Untersuchungen uber eine Wirtsbedingte

Modification bei der Schlupfwespen Pevithous divinator (Rossi) (Hym.,

Ichneum.). Zool. Anz. 178: 95-102.

Krombein, K. V. 1960. Biological Notes on some Hymenoptera that

Nest in Sumach Pith. Ent. News 71(2-3): 29-36; 63-69.

Mirek, J. 1963. Zweiter Fund von Pevithous albicinctus (Gravenhorst)

in Polen Samt Angaben Uber andere Arten der Gattung Perithous

Holmgren (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Fragm. Faunist. 10: 419-

423

Oehlke, J. 1966. Revision der Ephialtinae-Typen von H. Haupt (Hymenop-

tera, Ichneumonidae). Reichenbachia 6(32): 279-285.

Oehlke, J. 1967. Westpalaartische Ichneumonidae. I. Ephialtinae.

In Junk: Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio), part 2: 1-48.

Parker, F. D. & Bohart, R. M. 1966. Host-Parasite Associations in

some Twig-Nesting Hymenoptera from Western North America.

Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 91-98.

Rheinhard, E. G. 1929. Pemphredon and her enemies. Nature Mag.

13: 155-157.

Short, J. R. T. 1978. The final larval instars of the Ichneumonidae.

Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 25: 1-508. (Perithous on pages 25 and 173).

Thomas, S. J. 1964. Pevrithous divinator Rossi and its host, Pemphredon

lethifer Shuckard. Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts & Letters 49: 199-201.

Townes, H. 1944. A Catalog and Reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneu-

monidae (Hymenoptera), Part I. The subfamilies Ichneumoninae,

Tryphoninae, Cryptinae, Phaeogeninae and Lissonotinae. Mem. Amer.

Ent. Soc. 11(1): 1-477.

Townes, H. & M. 1960. Ichneumon-flies of America North of Mexico:

2: Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. U. S. Natl.

Mus. Bull. 216(2): 1-676.

V. Gupta: Genus Perithous (Ichneumonidae) 19

24. Townes, H., Momoi, S. & Townes, M. 1965. A Catalog and Reclassifica-

tion of Eastern Palearctic Ichneumonidae. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst.

5: 1-661.

29. Townes, H. 1969. The Genera of Ichneumonidae, Part I. Ephialtinae to

Agriotypinae. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst., 11: 1-300.

Figs, 1-8

20

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 4, 1982

4. Larval head of Perithous divinator divinator

(After Short, 1978)

A STUDY OF THE GENUS HYBOMISCHOS

(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

by

Virendra Gupta

Center for Parasitic Hymenoptera

Department of Entomology and Nematology

University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 326ll

Hybomischos was originally described by Baltazar (1961), as a subgenus of

Perithous. However, the differences in the nature of the ovipositor tip,

notauli, first tergite, etc., justify its generic separation. Baltazar described

from the Philippines two species: Perithous (Hybomischos) galbus and

virgulatus. Townes et al. (1965) placed in it a Eurasian species, septemcinc-

torius Thunberg. Constantineanu and Constantineanu (1968) described five

additional taxa from Rumania (septemcinctorius rufatus, yvomanicus romanicus,

romanicus rufigaster, transversus transversus and transversus trapezoidalis).

Perithous exiguus Haupt, P. brunnescens Koornneef, and P. septemcinctorius

mevidionatoy Aubert were synonymized with semptemcinctorius by Oehlke

(1966, 1967). In the Townes Collection, there are specimens of septemcinc-

torvius from Europe and North America, type of galbus from the Philippines,

and specimens of an undescribed species from Japan, which is described

below as Hybomischos townesorum, n. sp. The type of virgulatus Baltazar

has been examined in the U. S. National Museum, Washington. The species

from Rumania are unknown to me.

Genus HYBOMISCHOS Baltazar

Perithous (Hybomischos) Baltazar, 1961. Monogr. Natl. Inst. Sci. &

Tech. Manila, 7: 49. Type-species: Perithous (Hybomischos) galbus

Baltazar; original designation.

Taxonomy: Townes et al., 1965: 69. Constantineanu & Constantineanu,

1968: 250. Aubert, 1969: 101 (as a syn. of Perithous). Constantineanu

& Pisica, 1977: 92 (as a separate genus).

Rather similar to Perithous, but lower mandibular tooth acute. Upper tooth

with a wider cutting edge. Eyes emarginate just above antennal sockets.

Notauli absent. Apical propodeal carina absent to faintly visible. Propodeum

strongly convex, granulose to sparsely or distinctly punctate, usually with a

weak or fairly distinct median groove. Submetapleural carina forming a flange

along anterior half of metapleurum, absent posteriorly (type-species), or bent

inwards toward posterior metasternal carina, which is, however, weak and

not fully formed. Sometimes submetapleural carina appears forked posteriorly

due to a carina-like rugosity connecting it to the hind coxal cavity. Nervellus

intercepted at or above the middle. First abdominal tergite flat or convex

dorsally, granulose or punctate, its median dorsal carinae absent, but at

base forming lateral tooth-like projections. Spiracle of first tergite below and

2 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 5, 1982

and distant from the dorsolateral carina. Ovipositor about 1.4 to 2.0 the body

length, its tip strongly compressed and sinuate; teeth on lower valve weaker,

subvertical to semicircular; upper valve with saw-like teeth on upper edge.

Hybomischos has the same type of ovipositor as does Atvactogaster i.e.,

the tip being sinuate. The latter genus, however, is distinct in having the

lower mandibular tooth longer than the upper, clypeus with a median subapical

point, spiracle of first tergite situated just above the dorsolateral carina and

touching the same, eyes only very slightly emarginate (as in Perithous), and

propodeum with a semicircular carina separating a smooth petiolar area (as

in Perithous). Pevrithous is further distinguished from Hybomischos by the

presence of notauli, absence of lateral tooth-like projections at base of first

tergite, spiracle of first tergite touching or almost close to the dorsolateral

carina, and ovipositor tip different and not sinuate.

Biological references on Hybomischos are few and deal mainly with host

records of the European H. septemcinctorius, which are larvae of aculeate

Hymenoptera, similar to those parasitized by species of Pevithous. Nothing

is known about the larval morphology.

Species of Hybomischos appear to form two species groups: In septem-

cinctorius and townesorum, the nervellus is intercepted at the middle (or just

above it), antennal flagellum is shorter and thicker, about 0.5 the body length,

male flagellum is with tyloids, teeth on ovipositor tip angled at 60°, and sub-

metapleural carina appears forked posteriorly. In galbus and virgulatus (both

from Philippines), the nervellus is intercepted above the middle, flagellum is

as long as the body and slender, submetapleural carina is not forked posteri-

orly, and teeth on ovipositor tip angled at 30° from the horizontal. The males

are unknown. The Rumanian species are unknown to me.

1. HYBOMISCHOS GALBUS (Baltazar) (figs. 1-3)

Perithous (Hybomischos) galbus Baltazar, 1961. Monogr. Natl. Inst.

Sci. & Tech. Manila, 7: 50. ¢. Key, des., fig. Type ¢, Philippines:

Luzon, Nueva Ecija, Sierra Madre Mts. (TOWNES). Examined, 1980.

Paratype $, Luzon, Laguna, Mt. Bahanao.

This and the other Philippine species (virgulatus) are readily distinguished

from H. septemcinctorius and townesorum, n. sp., by the characters men-

tioned under species groups. Baltazar (1961) has provided a key to distinguish

the two.

H, galbus is characterized by having a yellowish body color with abdomen

a little brownish, without any black marks. First tergite convex dorsally

(fig. 1) and granulose. Flagellum long and slender, about as long as the body.

Teeth on lower valve of ovipositor semicircularly arched and the basal tooth

very much slanting, making an angle of 30° with the horizontal axis. Nervellus

intercepted above the middle. Propodeum granuloso-punctate, with a distinct

basomedian groove. Abdominal tergites 2-5 coarsely punctate.

Distribution: Philippines: Luzon. Known so far by the type-specimens

only.

2. HYBOMISCHOS VIRGULATUS (Baltazar)

Perithous (Hybomischos) virgulatus Baltazar, 1961. Monogr. Natl. Inst.

Sci. & Tech. Manila, 7: 50. °. key, des., fig. Type ?, Basilan

(Washington). Examined, 1980.

V. Gupta: Genus Hybomischos (Ichneumonidae) 3

Readily distinguished from galbus by having three black stripes on meso-

scutum. Frons in middle, ocellar region, tubercles on abdominal tergites, and

middle of first tergite also black. First abdominal tergite flatter dorsally

and shiny. Propodeum with only a few scattered punctures. Abdominal ter-

gites punctate only laterally. Ovipositor 1.8 x the body length. Otherwise

related to H. galbus.

Distribution: Philippines: Basilan. Known by the type specimen only.

3. HYBOMISCHOS SEPTEMCINCTORIUS (Thunberg)

Ichneumon septemcinctorius Thunberg, 1922 (1824). Mem. Acad. Imp.

Sci. St. Petersburg, 8: 280; 9: 363. 2. des. Lectotype 9, Sweden(Uppsala)

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1967: 36. Torgersen, 1972: 99. Townes et al. , 1965: 70.

This species, originally described under Ichneumon from Sweden and first

placed under Pervithous by Roman (1912) is fairly well distributed in Europe

and USSR. Constantineanu & Pisica mention Japan also in its distributional

range, but I could not find a reference to that effect. Togerson (1972)

reported it from North America for the first time by a single specimen found

by him in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in a spider web inhis garage. Subsequently,

only three more females from North America have been caught: One in

Ann Arbor by H. Townes in his garage, one in Ottawa, Canada, at light by

him, and another in Canada by Mike Sanborne at Stillsville, Ont., ina Malaise

trap.

This species is characterized by having flagellum short and a little thick

in the middle. Male flagellum with tyloids on segments 9-15. Face sparsely

to minutely punctate. Thorax reddish with yellow markings. Propodeum

granulose, with a weak median groove. Nervellus intercepted at the middle or

at upper 0.4. First abdominal tergite granulose, flat dorsally. Abdominal

tergites moderately punctate, punctures well separated from each other.

Teeth on lower valve of ovipositor weak and angled at 65° from the horizontal.

Distribution: Europe, Russia, North America.

Hosts: (From Aubert, 1969): Andricus quercus -tozae (Cynipidae);

Omalus auratus (Chrysididae); Pemphredon lugubris, P. morio, Psen

(Mimumesa) dahlbomi, and Psenulus fuscipennis (Sphecidae). These hosts

have been reported in Europe.

4. HYBOMISCHOS TOWNESORUM, n. sp.

Female: Face with scattered punctures, smoother laterally along orbital

borders. Frons, vertex, temple, and occiput smooth and shiny, with

scattered hairs, particularly on temple. Mesoscutum subpolished and with

small hairs. Pronotum, mesopleurum, mesosternum, and metapleurum

polished. Mesosternum more hairy than other parts. Submetapleural carina

short and flange-like in anterior half and forked posteriorly, one arm of which

is continuous with striations along hind coxal cavity. Propodeum strongly con-

vex, apical half almost vertical, punctate; punctures evenly separated and

mostly in the middle; its apical transverse carina incomplete and poorly

defined; petiolar area smooth. Nervellus intercepted near middle. First

abdominal tergite with scattered punctures, which are a little more crowded

subapically. Second tergite with sparse scattered punctures. The following

tergites progressively less punctate and smoother. Sides of second to fourth

tergites with crowded punctures. Ovipositor about 1.35 x as long as the body,

4 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 5, 1982

its tip sinuate and strongly compressed. Lower valve with faint or very faint

teeth, which are slanting at an angle of 60° with the horizontal. Upper valve

with 6-7 saw-like teeth on upper edge.

Black. Scape and pedicel yellow ventrally, flagellum brownish-black. Face

along orbits, upper orbital borders up to slightly beyond the ocellar area,

clypeus wholly, mandible except apically, basolateral corners of mesoscutum,

hind corner of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, scutellum except basally,

metascutellum, a crescentic mark on propodeum in the region of apical trans-

verse carina, and apices of all abdominal tergites, yellow. Apical mark on

first tergite short. Fore and middle coxae and trochanters yellow. Rest of

fore and middle legs yellowish-brown, with their femora with brownish patches.

Middle femur darker and apices of its tarsal segments blackish. Hind coxa

brownish with black mark basodorsally and yellow apically; femur orange-red;

tibia and tarsus blackish-brown with basal and apical tarsal segments yellowish-

white in basal 0.5 to 0.75.

Male: Essentially similar to the female except that face is wholly yellowish-

white. Flagellum pale brownish, segments 9-17 with linear tyloids. Second to

fourth abdominal tergites more densely punctate. Hind leg lighter in color:

coxa yellow apically, femur light orange, tibia whitish medially.

Length: 2, 9mm. Fore wing 6-7 mm. Ovipositor 11.5-12 mm. ¢, 7.5

mm. Fore wing 5.5 mm.

Holotype: 2, Japan: Mt. Norikura, 1600 m, 31-VII-1954,Townes family

(Townes).

Allotype “, Japan: Sapporo, 9-VIl-1954, Townes family (Townes).

Paratype 2, Japan: Kamikochi, 22-VII-1954, Townes Family (Townes).

Hybomischos townesorum is related to H. septemcinctorius in the nature of

nervellus, antennal flagellum and submetapleural carina, but can be readily

distinguished by its black thorax, punctate propodeum without a distinct median

groove, sparsely punctate frist tergite, and the following tergites with scattered

shallow punctures and smoother on apical half.

LITERATURE CITED

Aubert, Jacques - F. 1969. Les Ichneumonides Ouest-Palearctiques et leurs

hotes. I. Pimplinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. Ouvrage Publee avec la

Concours du CNRS Pp 1-304.

Baltazar, C. R. 1961. The Philippine Pimplini, Poemeniini, Rhyssini and

Xoridini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Monogr. Natl. Inst. Sci.

Tech. Manila 7: 1-130.

Constantineanu, M. I. and R. M. 1968. Contributions a letude du genre

Perithous (Hym., Ichneum.) dela R. S. Romania. Zool. Anz. 180

(3-4): 228-258.

Constantineanu, M. I. and Pisica, Constantin, 1977. Fauna Republicii

Socialiste Romania. Insecta, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, 9(7): 1-310.

Oehlke, J. 1966. Revision der Ephialtinae-Typen von H. Haupt (Hymenoptera,

Ichneumonidae). Reichenbachia 6(32): 279-285.

V. Gupta: Genus Hybomischos (Ichneumonidae) 5

Oehlke, J. 1967. Westpalaartische Ichneumonidae I. Ephialtinae. In Junk:

Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio), part 2: 1-48.

Townes, H., Momoi, S., and Townes, M. 1965. A Catalog and Reclassifica-

tion of Eastern Palaearctic Ichneumonidae. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst.

5: 1-661.

Torgersen, T. R. 1972. A Pevrithous (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) introduced

from Europe. Great Lakes Ent. 5(3): 99.

Hybomischos galbus (Baltazar)

Fig.)

REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD GENUS HADROMEROPSIS PIERCE

(Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Tanymecini)

by

Anne T. Howden

Department of Biology, Carleton University,

Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada

ABSTRACT

The genus Hadromeropsis Pierce is revised; included are a review

of the nomenclature, taxonomy, a key to the species, illustrations,

distribution maps, and a discussion of the morphology of the male and

female genitalia.

The genus is divided into two subgenera: the nominate subgenus

Hadromeropsis, type-species nobilitatus (Gyllenhal), and the new

subgenus Hadrorestes, type-species pectinatus n. sp. Of the 52

Species assigned to the genus 35 are described as new. The-species in

the nominate subgenus are as follows: opalinus (Horn) from Arizona and

Mexico; fulgens (Champion) from Mexico; crinitus n. sp. from Mexico;

flagellatus n. sp. from Mexico; dejeanii (Boheman) from Mexico;

amoenus n. sp. from Mexico; scintillans (Champion) from Guatemala and

Mexico; micans (Champion) from Guatemala; brevicomus n. sp. from

Mexico; aureus (Blanchard) from Bolivia; cretatus (Champion) from

Costa Rica and Panama; rufipes (Champion) from Costa Rica; superbus

(Heller) from Argentina; gemmifer (Boheman) from Colombia, Costa Rica,

Guatemala, Panama, and Venezuela; meridianus n. sp. from Brazil and

Colombia; batesi n. sp. from Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru; togatus

(Boheman) from Brazil and Paraguay; argentinensis (Hustache) from

Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay; plebeius n. sp. from Brazil;

pulverulentus n. sp. from Brazil; pallidus n. sp. from Argentina,

Brazil, araguay, and Uruguay; speculifer n. sp. from Brazil;

beverlyae n. sp. from Brazil; nobilitatus (Gyllenhal) from Argentina

and Brazil; atomarius (Boheman) from Brazil; excubitor n. sp. from

Brazil; and fasciatus (Lucas) from Brazil. The species in the

subgenus Hadrorestes are as follows: alacer n. sp. from Colombia and

Ecuador; inconscriptus n. sp. from Peru; nebulicolus n. sp. from

Colombia; silaceus n. sp. from Colombia; exilis n. sp. from Bolivia;

impressicollis (Kirsch) from Colombia; institulus n. sp. from Ecuador;

ombycinus n. sp. from Peru; brachypterus n. sp. (locality unknown);

transandinus n. sp. from Ecuador; nanus n. sp. from Ecuador; apicalis

n. sp. from Ecuador; dialeucus n. sp. from Venezuela; contractus n.

sp. from Bolivia; pectinatus n. sp. from Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru;

conquisitus n. sp. from Ecuador; scambus n. sp. from Ecuador; magicus

(Pascoe) from Brazil (?) and Colombia; nitidus n. sp. from Ecuador;

mandibularis n. sp. from Colombia; spiculatus n. sp. from Bolivia and

Peru; picchuensis n. sp. from Peru; and cavifrons n. sp. from Peru.

The new species earinus from Ecuador and striatus from Colombia are

not assigned to a subgenus. Species synonymized are: Hadromerus

scabricollis Faust, a synonym of gemmifer (Boheman); Hadromerus

brachispinosus Boheman, a synonym of togatus (Boheman); Hadromerus

herbaceus Lucas, a synonym of fasciatus ucas); Hadromerus ruficrus

Melee he Hadromeropsis subaeneus Voss, synonyms of impressicollis

Kirsch).

11 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

Lectotypes are designated for opalinus (Horn), fulgens sea

scintillans (Champion), micans (Champion), superbus (Heller),

brachispinosus (Boheman), argentinensis (Hustache), fasciatus (Lucas),

and herbaceus (Lucas).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

HIS COG1Gar: REV EW. ijcns wares wares 6s 21h 4G bas bale 0 oS Se os wo ewe Gieid se aisle apa « le

Material. SHUGIGG. cic io vacances « sents <eies 0 eh bi uF 0 els SA lees © OTS 2

Methods, Amd TEM TO VOGV ces » ce cree wtnscrereusls 0 6, coca eteteiowisiee s wa gie he 5

Morphology of Male-and Female Genitalia. oo. cscs ccicneceiev ec ccewiine s /

1 O OIG caey © sincere ee so be Ate ois © + sie eine o Caiels © beans sc ete eee ee dae 10

T axonomy

Genus HadromMeropsisS PICVCE...cecececsceccccrscccvsccesveveseseces 11

REY TO SCE ACS 4 wid oot) sa wie Ph Fo Mite cols Geis annie ele carers so BEN AS Teo '4is ERNE 12

Subgenus HadromeropsisS PICLCE....cecesevevccccccevreccresccvcccves 24

The opalinus Group.......e.6. 24

1, .Qpa linus; LHOFN) sess: cee 25 15... MEG dans: Nl. .SD.~ . s.caee 54

2. fulgens (Champion)...... 27 1G, bates N. SPivwe so seaees 55

o. CRAPACUS Min SD. whiewaus s 29 |

4. flagellatus n. Sp. wee. 30 The argentinensis Group....5/,58

The scintillans Group........ 34 17. togatus (Boheman)........ 58

18. argentinensis (Hustache).60

5. dejeanii (Boheman)...... 34 19. plebeius fl. SD. os eine were 62

6. -GMOGHUS. Mi. oSDics io eines ce ese a 20. pulverulentus n. sp. ....65

7. scintillans iencaeh) 21 DG LIONS AE. SPs; sesen soa sO

8. micans (Champion)....... i Je VSRCCUII ter 1. SP i dxcarees 69

O.. DREVILCOMUS, Nes SDe. «oe ess 42 23. beverlyae N. Sp. ..ccceee 72

10. aureus (Blanchard)...... 44

11. cretatus (Champion)..... 46 The nobilitatus Group......... ha

12. rufipes (Champion)...... 48

13. superbus (Heller)....... 49 24. nobilitatus (Gyllenhal)..74

25. atomarius Bonena sieshaivene's 76

The gemmi fer Group. ..s.< sexes ok 26. excubitor n.. Sp. sssesces 78

27. fasciatus caw Rae pe eas 80

14. gemmifer (Boheman)...... 51

Howden: Hadromeropsis iii

Subgenus Hadrorestes n.subg...83

The alacer Groupius.ss eee nae o4 The pectinatus Group. .ies. sss 104

205 @1acer Me SPs sees Cree 85 AO. Ca OUCIS Ne SPs ieee wees 105

<9. INCONSCriplus A. Sp. ...8/ Hi, CONLVACTUS Ti SD. Sis deine 106

30. nebuUlICOlUS 1°80. 4.545 88 42. PeCctinatus NN. SP. cxeewas 108

Sl. STT@CCUS Ti Soy wivere cs 90 43. CONGUISITUS N. SP. .0.s0- 110

44. SCANDUS Ne SDe! bi ex a ee ues aie

Ene @X311S Growl .. 5. veeacess 92 45. magicus (Pascoe)......... 114

FOL ATES Te Se yee ie en 115

B25 CRU TS Me Spe a ee erewees oe 47. mandibularis n. sp. ..... 117

48. spiculatus W. Sp. isso 119

The impressicollis Group..... 93

Species Unassigned to Group...121

33. impressicollis (Kirsch).94

34. INSEIRUIUS We SD oe ears vs 96 49. PICCHUENSTS NM. SPs seve 2%

39. DOMDYCINUS fic SP. a.ceas 97 OU. CAVITPONS Ne S06 awd ce eas 122

36. brachypterus n. sp. ....98

Species Incertae Sedis......... 124

The transandinus Group....... 99

o1. COP INUS Ms SD« wan soe ees 124

37. transandinus n. sp. ...100 Oe, SEC IOUS ‘Te BDA we ie wees 126

304 NAnNUS Ws! BO. a eeawinlse wa 102

OO BPICANTS BS SB es! esa 103

Pe GRIOW VG CGI ounce cisee scarps 4 sin wade Gd We Gk OA Sk PR EASA A eS 128

meer ataie CU EOMy.. 5 4a:s.0dgy sede ale eae we WINS i ERA RO RMA a Me Oe 128

Peres 6 UGB Osi sibel cL aah ewes y Puck + ee Ca oe RON Re ues 132

Baar Ee Be aia a scatter apa sania aka Minlava aoy Wace Wiuts Keak ae ee a ae woes 176

Cm

Rey

Sty ayy

Fig. 1. H. (Hadromeropsis) nobilitatus (Gyllenhal),

type-species of Hadromeropsis. Male, dorsal habitus.

Howden: Hadromeropsis ;

REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD GENUS HADROMEROPSIS PIERCE

(Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Tanymecini)

by

Anne T. Howden

HISTORICAL REVIEW

There has been considerable nomenclatural confusion involving the

use of Hadromerus Schoenherr, Hadromeropsis Pierce, and Siderodactylus

Schoenherr, partly due to various interpretations of the Titerature

and partly because the original very obscure description of Hadromerus

has apparently been overlooked by many authors, including me.

In 1823, column 1141, Schoenherr first published "96. Hadromerus

nob. Typ.: Curc. sagittarius Oliv." This bare reference, without

description, is nonetheless a valid indication according to Art.

l6a(v) of the International Code (1964). Thus sagittarius Olivier,

1807, from Senegal, is fixed as the type-species of Hadromerus

Schoenherr, 1823, by original designation and _ monotypy. The

Characters of the genus are first described and discussed by

Schoenherr in 1826 (pp. 136, 137) where he lists nobilitatus from

Brazil for the first time as "Typus" of Stirps la and sagittarius

Olivier from Senegal as "Typus" of Stirps 2a. However, there is no

description of nobilitatus here, other than the description of Stirps

la; this is interpreted as Stirps la being a subgenus’ but invalid

here since nobilitatus is a nomen nudum. Thus, in this second

publication, nothing was changed nomenclatural ly.

In 1833 (p. 12), Schoenherr in his "Tabula synoptica," lists

Hadromerus much as he did in 1823: "Genus 102. Hadromerus. Nob. Typus:

Hadr. sagittarius. Curc. id. Oliv."

In 1834, Schoenherr (p. 125) first published the name

Siderodactylus citing, "Hadromerus Schh. olim (1).-Curculio Oliv.,"

"(1) Schh. Curc. Disp. Meth. p.137. Hadromerus, stirps 2.,": and

listing sagittarius as the type. Thus, Siderodactylus is a synonym of

Hadromerus Sch., 1823. Added to the genus Siderodactylus at this time

were adstringatus Gyll. n. sp. and rhodinus Gyll. n. sp., both from

Senegal. On p. 127, Schoenherr (1834) describes Hadromerus citing,

Poenh, Circ. Disp. Meth., « bs: 130,...n0,,.69,. Cstc]”™ as the original

description. On p. 128 (loc.cit.) nobilitatus is first described by

Gyllenhal, and no other species added.

Pierce, 1913, p. 400, tried to resolve the confusion by stating,

"For the genus with nobilitatus as type we may take a new name,

Hadromeropsis." It is fortunate that Pierce discussed the problem and

stated the type-species clearly, because he accidentally cited

Schoenherr, 1834, p. 125, the page for the sagittarius-based genus

instead of the nobilitatus-based genus (p.127), to receive the new

name.

* I thank Richard T. Thompson, London, for bringing this to my

attention.

2 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

Marshall (1952:261-262) disagreed with Pierce, but Marshall's

reasoning would be disallowed by the International Code published

subsequently in 1964.

Since Pierce's publication of the name Hadromeropsis in 1913, the

name has been applied to the New World genus in most of the literature

including Giinther and Zumpt (1933), Blackwelder (1957), Hustache

(1938), and Van Emden (1944). Exceptions to this usage are Heller

(1921), Hustache (1928), Marshall (1952), and Kuschel (1955). Based

on taxonomic characters, all Hadromerus are African and all

Hadromeropsis are New World.

In both Gtinther and Zumpt (loc. cit.: 102-103) and Blackwelder

(loc. cit.: 800), six nomina nuda are listed: as synonyms of

Hadromeropsis. I have not repeated these names with the valid species

but record them here. They are as follows: “Hadromerus irroratus

Klug" and "Hadromerus pygalpis Germar' listed by Boheman as nomina

nuda of his atomarius (Boheman, 1840:292); "“Hadromerus micronychus

Germar" listed by Bonheman as nomen nudum of his brachispinosus [=

togatus Boheman] (Boheman, 1840:291); "Hadromerus lepidopterus Klug"

listed by Boheman as a nomen nudum of his dejeanii (Boheman,

1840:293); "Hadromerus splendidus Salle” listed by Champion as a nomen

nudum of his fulgens (Champion, 1911:184); and "Hadromerus schonherri

Chevrolat" listed by Champion as a nomen nudum of his scintillans

(Champion, 1911:182).

Taxa originally associated with Hadromeropsis but which have been

subsequently removed include the following:

Hadromerus porosus Boheman, 1840:294, transferred to Pandeleteius by

Kuschel (1955:280).

Hadromerus tuberculifer Boheman, 1840:295, transferred to Pandeleteius

by Kuschel (1955:280) then to Airosimus by Howden (1966:202).

Pandeleteinus Champion as a subgenus of Hadromeropsis, sensu Voss

(1954:232), reinstated as genus by Howden (1969:76).

Taxa originally associated with Hadromeropsis HERE REMOVED from

the genus are the following:

Hadromeropsis distinctus Voss, 1954:232 here removed to Pandeleteius.

PanEE toi distinctus (Voss), NEW COMBINATION.

Hadromeropsis griseus Voss, 1954:233 here removed to Pandeleteius.

Pandeleteius griseus (Voss), NEW COMBINATION.

MATERIAL STUDIED

This study was based on over 2000 specimens in 35 institutional

and private collections. Institutional collections are referred to in

the text by the city in which they are located, and private

collections by the owner's name.

Institutional collections studied and the persons assisting are as

follows:

Auckland New Zealand Arthropod Collection, DSIR.

G. Kuschel.

Basel Naturhistorisches Museum. W. Wittmer.

Berkeley

Berlin

Buenos Aires

Cambridge

Chicago

Curitiba

Dresden

Eberswalde

Hamburg

Ithaca

Leiden

London

Los Angeles

Maracay

Mexico

New York

Ottawa

Oxford

Paris

Howden: Hadromeropsis

California Insect Survey. E. Sleeper.

Museum flr Naturkunde an der Humboldt-

Universitdt. F. Hieke.

Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales.

M. J. Viana.

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard

University. uJ. Lawrence and M. Thayer.

Field Museum of Natural History. H.

Dybas and R. Wenzel.

Universidade Federal do Paran&. G. H.

Rosado Neto.

Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde.

R. Hertel and R. Krause.

Deutsche Akademie der Landwirtschaft-

swissenschaften zu Berlin. G. Morge.

Universitat Hamburg. H. Striimpel.

Cornell University. L.L. Pechuman.

Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie

J. Krikken.

British Museum (Natural History).

R. Thompson.

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles

County. R. Snelling.

Universidad Central de Venezuela.

F. Fernéndez-Yepez and L. Joly.

Instituto de Ecologia. G. Halffter.

American Museum of Natural History.

P. Vaurie.

Canadian National Collection. D. Bright.

Hope Department of Entomology.

University Museum. E. Taylor and

M. W. R. Graham.

Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.

H. Perrin.

4 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

Pittsburgh Carnegie Museum. G. Wallace.

Rosario de Lerma Instituto de Investigaciones

Entomologicas Salta, INESALT, Argentina

(formerly INESAN, San Miguel). A.

Martfnez, M. J. Viana, G. J. Williner.

Sacramento California Department of Food and

Agriculture. A. Hardy and T. Seeno.

San Francisco California Academy of Sciences. H.

Leech and D. Kavanaugh.

San José University of Costa Rica. A. Wille.

S%0 Paulo Universidade de S40 Paulo. S. A. Vanin.

Stockholm Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. L.

Janzon and P. I. Persson.

Tucson University of Arizona. F. Werner.

Tucuman Instituto Miguel Lillo. A. Willink.

Washington United States National Museum of

Natural History. D. R. Whitehead.

The following individuals generously loaned material from their

private collections:

Henry Hespenheide, Los Angeles, California.

Charles O'Brien, Tallahassee, Florida.

Warren Steiner, College Park, Maryland.

Guillermo Wibmer, Tallahassee, Florida.

In addition, there are specimens in the Henry and Anne Howden

collection. Types in our collection are deposited on loan in the

Canadian National Collection, Biosystematics Research Institute,

Ottawa.

All types were examined, and lectotypes were selected where

appropriate.

Old museum specimens are often not duplicated in modern material.

In this genus where some species appear to be rare - at least in

collections - locality data are often very helpful and internal parts

are sometimes essential for identification. When the old specimens

have the setae destroyed by psocids and the internal parts consumed by

dermestids and psocids, when the locality is incorrect, or incomplete

or absent entirely, and when there are no modern specimens that match

them, the taxonomist must decide if it is better to ignore the old

specimens or include them in the study. In the interest of

completeness, I have attempted to include such faulty material in this

revision.

Howden: Hadromeropsis 5

METHODS AND TERMINOLOGY

Species related by apparent synapomorphies are assembled into

groups. No nomenclatural status is intended for these groups. The

Characteristics of a group are not repeated in species descriptions

except to qualify them.

The Diagnosis gives the optimum number of characteristics which

distinguish a species within the species group.

Where described species are represented by fewer’ than 10

specimens, all the information on labels, sex, and collection are

given for each specimen. This information is summarized for described

species represented by longer series.

Previous authors have used various terms to describe the

Characteristics of the scales of Hadromeropsis. I have used

"scintillating," "iridescent," and “metallic lustre" which I

distinguish as follows. Scintillating scales are very smooth and

flat, like discs of thin metal, uniform in color but each with

brilliant green, gold and red reflections. Such scales leave only a

faint, pin-prick scar or a marginal scar as well as the central hole

and are more easily abraded than iridescent scales. They are found on

scintillans, gemmifer, dejeanii, etc.

Iridescent scales are flecked with multiple colors like the iris

of the eye or like an opal and may be slightly convex or at least have

the edges deflected. Iridescent scales are basically green, blue or

white and may be strongly metallic or not. The scar of an iridescent

scale consists of the outer perimeter as well as the central hole.

Iridescent scales are charactertistic of fulgens, Opalinus, etc. The

scales of species in the nominate subgenus can be distinctly

Categorized as iridescent or scintillating; these distinctions break

down in Hadrorestes and in the species earinus.

A metallic lustre that is not visible with a microscope but is

visible macroscopically in a glancing light may be present on species

with iridescent scales as in brevicomus, or non-iridescent scales as

in nobilitatus and fasciatus.

Setae are of several diverse forms. On the sides of the elytra

and the tibiae some species groups may have stiff, dark wiry setae.

In the opalinus and scintillans groups there are erect setae on the

dorsal surface. The characteristics of these erect setae are evident

only on specimens in very good condition because the setae are prone

to matting and the delicate filamentous tips break off readily leaving

no obvious evidence of having been there. Shorter and arcuate setae

are less vulnerable.

Another type of seta which I refer to as "long, wispy" is

particularly noticeable on the prosternum and inner surface of the

fore legs and is more highly developed in males than females. A

Similar but probably not analagous, long, wispy seta occurs often on

the base of the elytra and prothorax. Such a "wispy" seta is pale,

crinkled, and filamentous apically; when the tip is accidentally

broken off, the remaining base resembles an ordinary erect seta.

These setae seem to be associated with species with a waxy coating on

the dorsum as in many Hadrorestes species. This wax conceals details

of the sculpture and vestiture. It can be removed by gently stroking

the surface with a fine camel hair brush dipped in ammonia solution to

6 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

soften the wax and then further stroking with the brush frequently

rinsed in water to remove the globs of wax. This can be tedious but

often completely restores the color of the scales and position of

setae without matting as can happen in an ultrasonic cleaner. See

incompletely cleaned prothorax in Fig. 239, uncleaned surface in Fig.

The "interantennal line" is a transverse line across the dorsum of

the rostrum approximately opposite the insertion of the antennae. In

Hadromeropsis it is usually unmarked.

The relative length of the segments in the funicle and antennal

club are difficult to assess uniformly and have not been used in the

descriptions unless they are extreme.

The elytra in most species are approximately 2x longer than their

width at the humeri. This measurement is not given in_- the

descriptions unless it differs by more than 0.2x.

Where the tibia rests against the femur the surface of the femur

may be slightly smoother and concave (Fig. 257). This is referred to

as the "tibial groove," although a groove is not present in many

species. The contiguous edges of the tibia and femur are referred to

as the "inner edge" and the opposite surface is referred to as the

"outer" (Fig. 209). The remaining surfaces are referred to as

anterior (Fig. 258) and posterior (Fig. 257) as they are when the leg

is held at right angles to the body.

The "distal tooth" refers to the elongation of the extreme inner

apical angle of the fore tibia. According to the species, the distal

tooth provides many useful characteristics, ranging from short to long

and curved, and from simple to divided into two.

To dissect the genitalia, the abdomen was usually removed from the

beetle and the contents were treated with hot KOH. In the few cases

where specimens recently killed in ethyl acetate were available, no

treatment was necessary. For specimens dead several weeks, hot water

with a bit of detergent was sufficient treatment before extracting the

internal sac. On the other hand, many specimens of the argentinensis

and nobilitatus groups were never’ softened sufficiently for

Satisfactory dissections of the male or female genitalia. In these

cases I suspect the specimens had been collected or stored in formalin

or alcohol which so hardened the tissues that they did not respond to

rigorous KOH treatment. After extraction of the genitalia, the

abdomen was glued to a paper point on the same pin as the beetle and

the contents put in glycerin in a microvial on the same pin.

The aedeagus is relatively conservative in characters. Although

it is a heavily sclerotized structure, its dorsum may appear slightly

flattened or sunken in dried specimens compared to specimens in

glycerin. This is not apparent in the lateral view I used for

illustrations.

The internal sac was dissected from every species where it was

possible to do so, except species where a flagellum was obviously

extending from both ends of the aedeagus. The best technique was to

insert a fine, hooked pin a short distance into the apical orifice of

the aedeagus in very soft condition. Care was necessary to keep the

parts soft with a drop of water during the dissection. Repeated short

pulls were more satisfactory than a single deep effort, especially

when working with a curved aedeagus. After dissection the internal

Howden: Hadromeropsis 7

sac often distended naturally after a day or so in glycerin.

Sometimes an air bubble captured in the sac could be manipulated into

the various lobes to inflate them.

Because of their extremely long genitalia, males suspected of

belonging to the Mexican species flagellatus and dejeanii require a

different dissection technique. The most successful dissections of

old, dry specimens were obtained by the following procedure: keep

specimen in humidor for 12 to 24 hours; lift left elytron and wing out

of the way; with razor blade or scalpel slit the metathorax

longitudinally to the left of the median line and across to the side;

slit or cut integument of abdominal terga at extreme side nearly to

apex; with fine brush apply drop of ammonia or warm water to tissues

within integument until softened; observe position of genitalia and

lift out, or remove entire abdomen after freeing proximal end of

genitalia. :

Measuring the spermathecal duct is a delicate operation.

Measurements of the duct given here should be considered close

estimates instead of exact measurements.

Areas of the spermatheca are referred to as in Howden (1976:7-8).

The junction of the spermathecal duct with the body of the spermatheca

is the nodulus; the junction of the gland with the spermatheca is the

ramus; and the apex is the cornu. See Fig. 130.

MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE AND FEMALE GENITALIA

Three rather distinct types of male and female genitalia are found

in the genus. Each type of male genitalia corresponds to an equally

distinct type of female genitalia. It is thus possible to examine one

sex of a species and predict some characteristics of the genitalia of

the other sex.

The genitalia of both sexes are known for only 36 of the 52

species (70%), and there are some anomalies that cannot be explained

until both sexes of all species are known. This must be remembered in

the following discussion which is based on these incomplete data.

Description of the Types of Genitalia

The first type of genitalia is found in the nobilitatus and

argentinensis groups of the nominate subgenus. In the male genitalia

of these groups (Figs. 159-180), the internal sac of the aedeagus when

everted is seen to consist of a membranous tube with various patches

of spicules and inflatable lobes on the proximal portion; a heavily

sclerotized internal structure toward the distal end; a dorsal,

inflatable, cupped, membranous lobe externally; the whole sac

terminating distally in a_= slightly deflected membranous’ tube

spiculate on the sides but with only a very fine, smooth membrane at

the apex. In dorsal or ventral view the internal sclerite* is shaped

* The proximal end of the internal sclerite is always concealed by

membranes, and I was never able to satisfy myself whether one or two

sclerites (fused or movable) are involved.

8 Contrib. Amer, Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

proximally like a condyle, i.e., like the end of a vertebrate femora]

bone; in lateral view, as I have drawn them, this is not particularly

evident. Good specific characters are found in the position of the

lobes as well as in the additional sclerotization of the distal

deflected portion.

Females of the nobilitatus and argentinensis groups (Figs.

181-183, 187-190) have a large complex sclerite within the bursa

copulatrix, sometimes almost filling the bursa. This sclerite is

basically funnel shaped with fins and appears very different at

various angles (Figs. 188-190). The vagina (or genital chamber)

(Figs. 182, 188) is faintly testaceous and has vaguely sclerotized

longitudinal streaks or flat rods its entire length. The spermathecal

duct is moderate in length. Below the distal end of the common

oviduct is an inflatable membranous cupped lobe.

The second type of genitalia is exhibited in the remaining H.

Hadromeropsis: the gemmifer, scintillans, and opalinus groups. In the

males of these groups the internal sclerite is elongated into a

flagellum of various lengths (Figs. 73-108), in its extreme

development longer than the beetle itself. The proximal end of the

flagellum is always. stiff and in extreme forms, such as flagellatus,

forms a large loop or figure 8 in the mesothorax (Fig. 80). The

length of the flagellum is species specific. In addition, the

manubrium of the spiculum “gastrale, the aedeagal apodemes, and the

tegminal strut may be individually or collectively elongated. The

relative length of these rods is also species specific. The tegmen is

much wider in species with a longer flagellum (Figs. 73, 75, 78). The

ejaculatory duct ends distally (the gonopore) in a membrane encasing

the proximal end of the ventral portion of the internal sclerite.

This junction is readily visible at the anterior end of the aedeagus

in species with the flagellum longer than the aedeagus.

The male genitalia of gemmifer (Figs. 101-103) are extreme with

only a minute, free, needle-like sclerite representing the flagellum.

There is also a sclerite on the ventral surface of a sort of dorsal

cupped flap. In dorsal and ventral views these two sclerites are very

similar in shape to the proximal end of a flagellum. The dorsal

cupped lobe of gemmifer seems to be homologous with the dorsal

inflatable cupped lobe of the argentinensis and nobilitatus groups.

With this in mind, and in view of the location of the gonopore in

gemmi fer (Fig. 102), it seems possible that the gonopore in the

argentinensis and nobilitatus groups is immediately beneath the dorsal

inflatable cupped lobe that is located over the proximal end of the

internal sclerites, but I was not able to establish this. If this is

the case, the large ventral inflatable lobe of gemmifer could be

comparable to the apex of the internal sac of the argentinensis and

nobilitatus groups.

In females of the flagellate species there is no sclerite in the

bursa copulatrix, nor any sclerotization of the vagina. The length of

the spermathecal duct is proportionate to the length of the flagellum

and is species specific*. The basic or unmodified length of the

Spermathecal duct is 1-1.5 mm in the nominate subgenus.

* This is not unique to Hadromeropsis. Thompson (1977:196) showed

(next page)

Howden: Hadromeropsis 9

In the new subgenus’ Hadrorestes, an abruptly = different

modification of the apex of the internal sac and a gradual change in

the internal sclerites constitute the third type of male genitalia.

In the alacer group (Figs. 310-316) the internal sclerite is

condyle-shaped proximally as in the argentinensis and nobilitatus

groups of the nominate subgenus, but the distal end of the internal

sac instead of being a thin membrane is sclerotized in the form of a

short, slightly spiculate tube which is always curved and directed

ventrad. The membranous parts of the internal sac are usually only

faintly spiculate. The genitalia of exilis (Fig. 366) resembles that

of the alacer group, but the sclerotized distal end is straight and

directed distad, the membranous tube is simple and has two distinct

patches of spicules, and the proximal end of the internal sclerite is

evanescent and not condyle-shaped. In impressicollis (the only male

representative of its group of four species) the sclerotized distal

end of the internal sac is almost straight and directed distad; the

condyle-shaped proximal end of the internal sclerite has a small

dorsal elongation (Figs. 317, 319). In the remainder of Hadrorestes

(Figs. 320-334) the internal sclerite at the proximal end is. enlarged

and acutely angled, and the distal end of the internal sac is finely

Spiculate, at least moderately sclerotized, curved, and directed

dorsad.

Females of Hadrorestes (Figs. 336-348, 350-357) have no

sclerotization in the vagina and inside the bursa have no complex

funnel-shaped structure, but there may be a small, faint cup, ring,

arc, or plate at the junction of the spermathecal duct. The ventral

inflatable cupped pouch is larger and tougher than in the other

groups; the ends of this inflatable pouch are attached to a pair of

lateral sclerites, and this constitutes the third type of female

genitalia. The caudal end of the common oviduct was occasionally seen

to also be connected to the lateral sclerites. To study the female

genitalia more thoroughly, it would be necessary to stain them. These

lateral sclerites are somewhat variable in size and_— shape

intraspecifically; they are absent in cavifrons (male unknown) and are

presumed to be secondarily lost in that species.

Intraspecific Variation in Genitalia

Variation in the genitalia is incorporated in the species

descriptions and remarks, but the following female parts warrant

Special note.

The spermatheca varies greatly in some species. Four examples of

the spermatheca of nobilitatus are shown in Figs. 191-194. Three

examples of variation in the spermatheca of excubitor are shown in

Figs. 196-198.

that in Apirocalus (Otiorhynchinae, Celeuthetini) the length of the

flagellum was reflected in the length of the spermathecal duct of the

females". Sharp (1918: P1.1X, fig. 7; 1920:76). made similar

observations on Celeuthetini.

10 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

allotype (Fig. 357) is highly modified, but the only female paratype

of this species has a normally slender duct. See Remarks on the

species.

The lateral sclerites of the vagina of Hadrorestes vary in detail

intraspecifically, as noted in previous section. Two examples of the

lateral sclerite of one species are shown in Fig. 354,

In the subgenus Hadrorestes where a distinctive bursal sclerite is

apparently not indicated by the morphology of the male genitalia, the

bursal sclerite is variable in development intraspecifically. An

extreme example is cavifrons where a large disc is present in the

bursa copulatrix of one specimen but absent in the other.

In H. (Hadrorestes) spiculatus the spermathecal duct of the

Interpretations of Male and Female Genitalia

The implications of the morphology of the corresponding male and

female genitalia are: a) in the flagellate species the flagellum

enters the spermathecal duct which is an appropriate corresponding

length; this would bring the gonopore into close proximity with the

bursa; b) in Hadrorestes the tough, strongly supported pouch below

the common oviduct accomodates either the dorsal spiculate lobe or the

acutely angled internal sclerite, anchoring it while the distal end

enters the bursa copulatrix; this would bring the gonopore into close

proximity with the spermathecal duct in the bursa; c) in the

nobilitatus and argentinensis groups, the faintly sclerotized vagina

withstands the heavily spiculate proximal portion of the internal sac,

the cupped lobe beneath the common oviduct does not need the extra

reinforcement provided by lateral sclerites to receive the dorsal

cupped lobe of the internal sac, and the funnel-like receptacle within

the bursa copulatrix is of an appropriate design for the _ broad,

expandable spiculate sides of the distal extension of the internal

sac.

Thus, if the gonopore must be brought into proximity with the

Spermathecal duct in the bursa copulatrix to effect fertilization,

then the morphology of the genitalia gives visual evidence of a

possible reproductive isolating mechanism. At the very least the

morphology of the male and female genitalia of Hadromeropsis has

proved to be very useful in associating the sexes of dimorphic species

as well as in relating species sometimes represented by only one sex

when the external properties of those species are variable and

sexually dimorphic.

BIOLOGY

The 15 species of Hadromeropsis which colleagues and I have

collected and observed were all diurnal. Three species are

brachypterous, but of the fully winged species at least superbus,

alacer, and pectinatus were observed to be strong, fast fliers.

Many species in the nominate subgenus were taken on trees or

shrubs of species of Leguminoseae, but not exclusively. Species in

the subgenus Hadrorestes, which occurs in the Andes outside the range

of most of these Leguminoseae, were taken on alder, grass, bamboo, and

Howden: Hadromeropsis re

miscellaneous unidentified plants. There was evidence of adult food

preference but not of specificity.

It is presumed the larvae are general root feeders. Bruch

(Hayward, 1960:18) reports the larvae of argentinensis attacking "los

espinelles" (Acacia caven (Mol.) and Mimosa scabrella Benth.).

There was physical evidence of predation on eight specimens of

Hadrorestes but in only six specimens of the much more common nominate

subgenus. Possibly the species with thinner integument or slower

movements were consumed outright by the predator whereas the very hard

or faster species escaped with only a cracked or nipped elytron. See

Remarks under Hadrorestes.

Genus Hadromeropsis Pierce

Hadromerus Schoenherr, 1834:127. Type-species Hadromerus nobilitatus

Gyllenhal, in Schoenherr, 1834:128, by original designation.

Hadromeropsis Pierce, 1913:400. Replacement name for Hadromerus

Schoenherr, 1834, nec Hadromerus Schoenherr, 1823.

Diagnosis.-Small to large, 5 to 20 mm in length. Scales never

sculptured. Posterior margin of epistoma never carinate or keeled,

although margin elevated distally in a few species. Mandible with

vestiture of lateral and ventral surface similar to that of rostrum.

Pronotum never produced anteriorly over vertex. Female with caudal

surface of ventrites 2, 3, and 4 conspicuously elevated, often

perpendicular or slanted anteriorly or posteriorly, edge of caudal

surface usually sharply delimited; character less developed in male.

Description.-Glabrous, squamose, or with both squamose and

glabrous areas arranged in a pattern. Scales with or without metallic

lustre, in many species strongly iridescent or scintillating. In

lateral view ventral surface of rostrum almost as long as dorsal

surface. Rostrum with interantennal line faintly marked at most.

Scar of mandibular cusp not situated on a process of the mandible.

Anterior constriction of prothorax absent dorsally in most species.

Fore leg larger than other legs; fore femur of male often greatly

enlarged (1.3-2.7x wider than hind femur) and often with a flange on

inner edge distally, flange situated anterior to tibial groove,

surface posterior to tibial groove at most weakly modified; fore femur

of female less modified. Fore coxae narrowly separated, the

separation sometimes concealed by the convex inner surface of coxae.

Hind tibia with corbel_ open. Inner surface of elytra with

well-developed apical carina between suture at end of interlocking

flange and side at apex of epipleural fold. Last tergite of male

simple.

Remarks.-The larger size, smooth scales, and presence of scales on

the mandible distinguish Hadromeropsis from Pandeleteius which is

probably the most closely related New World genus. Airosimus Howden

differs from Hadromeropsis in the presence of a "platform" on the apex

of the rostrum, the ventral surface of rostrum much shorter than the

dorsal surface, and the hind corbels semi-enclosed. The South

American aL DE Schoenherr is the only other New World Tanymecini

with which Hadromeropsis might be confused. pacropterue has a thin

integument, extremely elongate elytra and ventrites 1 and 2, and lacks

12 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

the apical carina on the inner surface of the elytra.

The African Hadromerus differs from Hadromeropsis in the following

Characters: mandibular scar situated on a process of the mandible;

prothorax with basal constriction adjacent to the perpendicular

margin; elytra very narrow across base which is perpendicular and has

the edge carinate. Hadromerus shares the following characters with

Pandeleteius but not with Hadromeropsis: scales sculptured; inner edge

of fore femur in some species distally modified with spur or teeth on

posterior side of tibial groove; last tergite of male variously

modified with carina or concavity.

The antennal scape of Hadromeropsis reaches the eye or exceeds it

(especially in the subgenus Hadrorestes) but does not reach the

prothorax (except striatus). The length of the scape is useful in

field recognition of similarly sized species of Naupactini with

enlarged fore legs, such as Naupactus and Macrostylus.

Three brachypterous species of Hadromeropsis are described from

uniques, two from males and one from a female. The proportions of the

elytra and prothorax look wrong for the genus, but this is a

consequence of brachyptery. In all three the wing is only 0.6-0.7x as

long as the elytra, the elytra are very narrow across the humeri, the

apical umbone is absent (elytra flat at the apical termination of

Striae 4-6), and the mesepimeron is very narrow.

The spiculum gastrale and the spiculum ventrale are conservative

in form and only one example of each is figured in Figs. 111 and 349

respectively.

In some males I observed a pair of very small sclerites (Fig. 109)

set on a flexible stalk arising from the first connecting membrane

between the spiculum gastrale and the 8th sternites. These sclerites

are apparently the same as "spicule plates", sensu Gilbert (1952:636;

Clark, 1977:105). The sclerites were very similar in all species but

not all were surveyed for this character.

All species examined have a rectal ring (Fig. 172).

The gender of Hadromeropsis is masculine since the ending "“opsis"

is adjectival and modi fies the masculine noun’ "Hadromerus."

Key to the Species of Hadromeropsis

ith DOGG T ING Cour Aiericar iy. Wee TOES PRR Nee,

Occurring in Panama and northward. Yo. Lo ee es a

as Eye flattened, scarcely exceeding outline of head.

Prothorax in dorsal outline strongly rounded on

Sides, much wider than long (Fig. 2). Elytra

clothed with patches of flat, imbricate, green

or lavender scales alternating with irregularly

placed rectangular glabrous areas. Length 7.5-

9.5 mm. Argentina. ........ . 13. superbus (Heller)

Eye convex. Prothorax with sides less strongly

rounded: cE Tytra not? so: patternieda Ys eo Te ey 88

3(2) Eye small (Fig. 289). Pronotum (Fig. 290) flattened,

surface irregularly sculptured. Base of elytra

4(3)

6(5)

7(4)

8(7)

between

Howden: Hadromeropsis

Striae 5 abruptly perpendicular and

slightly anteriorly produced. Male unknown.

Length

1S Ways VE CHAGOO Nans “Hisokiad Shs 51. earinus n.

Eye larger. Pronotum not so sculptured. Base

OF - Oly a. PounCed., 4. Kran sia Hin hel OP Be oe wk

Brachypterous, wing only 0.6-0.7x length of

elytron

Elytra

apical

. Mesepimeron very slender (Fig. 226).

without apical umbone, i.e., flat at

termination.of. striae: 4 to By scqoalwsti « ses

Wing much longer than elytron. Mesepimeron

normal

distinc

Elytra wi

Striae

large.

Elytra wi

indisti

Elytra wi

smooth,

tuberc]

green s

Elytra an

tuberc]

seta-li

unknown

Dorsal su

one col

shiny,

between

(Fig. 225). Elytra usually with

C OpAGG + UNDONE iat 6? a 3! Ae shee Ki wartangae te «

th intervals conspicuously convex;

distinct, straight, strial punctures

Female unknown. Colombia... 52. striatus n.

th intervals not convex; striae

nct or confused, strial punctures small. ....

thout tubercles. Disc of prothorax

sides of prothorax with obsolete

es. Clothed with large scintillating

cales. Female unknown. Bolivia . 32. exilis n.

d prothorax with crowded, small, uniform

es. Clothed with small white setae and

ke scales. Male unknown. Locality

5 ay Rg oe ae Ey egg . .36. brachypterus n.

rface densely clothed with scales of

or, the only pattern (if any) formed by

bare areas confined to elytral intervals

distinct striae, forming random dark

spots; or if entirely glabrous (some

gemmifer) with distinct tubercle on fore

coxa.

Elytral

Vestiture of male like that of female.

margin always smooth around ventrite

5. Many species with a tubercle on inner

distal

(Figs.

Dorsal su

edge of fore coxa opposite trochanter

Rie: CAG rte ys Sewanee arin” §

rface glabrous or squamose. If

Clothed with scales of one color, then usually

striae

not evident or bare areas forming a

fasciate or other pattern. Males often

glabrou

ently.

S, females squamose or colored differ-

Elytral margins smooth, tuberculate,

or denticulate around ventrite 5. Never with

a coxal

TUDONCTO. Gerace d’ 4AeSe Sve

Rostrum relatively long and narrow, 1.4-1.6x

longer

than wide (Fig. 63). Male fore femur

at distal end with ventral margin expanded

into a

green.

flange (Fig. 65). Scintillating

Bolivia (Pando), Brazil (Amazonas, Paré4),

13

Sp.

Sp.

Sp.

Sp.

12

14

10(9)

11(10)

12(7)

13 (12)

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

PPh ae bd Vibes Elana ge gt Pe 16. batesi n. sp.

Rostrum moderate in width and length, usually

less than 1.2x longer than wide (Figs. 55,

56). Male fore femur unmodified distally.

SCamenllatine.greemor NObts eye Veer eS oar ks. ca Se 9

Prothorax in dorsal outline strongly rounded

on sides, much wider than long (Fig. 49).

Unicolorous white (mature specimens) or

Slightly yellowed (teneral specimens).

Length. Ll-144 mm ieeBolivial 4 esc’. 10. aureus (Blanchard)

Prothorax in dorsal outline not strongly

rounded on sides. Seldomuwhites’. tse Aces 28 woe, 10

Anterior edge of rostrum at margin of epistoma

produced upwards and outwards (Fig. 156).

Elytral interval 9 with the glabrous spots

tuberculate. Fore tibia in end view (Fig. 154)

with a ventral lobe as long as the distal

LOOEH A BVArT Finis ee. eS Ee 23. beverlyae n. sp.

Anterior edge of rostrum not produced. Elytral.

interval 9 with glabrous spots not elevated.

Fore tibia in end view with ventral lobe

absent or much smaller than the distal tooth. ..... ie

Female with apex of ventrite 5 emarginate

(Fig. 59). Aedeagus longer, 3.1-4.2 mm, with

a short endophallic structure (Figs. 101, 102).

Elytra of male with sides tapering from humeri.

With a glabrous black form (mostly males).

Guatemala to northern Colombia and northern

Venezwelateid® 6.40 Se bc abs 14. gemmifer (Boheman), in part

Female with apex of ventrite 5 rounded (Fig. 60).

Aedeagus shorter, 2.4-3.0 mm, with flagellum

as long as aedeagus (Figs. 104, 105). Elytra

of male with sides not tapered from humeri.

Colombia (Cundinamarca, Tolima) . . . 15. meridianus n. sp.

Striae 9 and 10 contiguous, confused or otherwise

indistinct beneath apical umbone; if condition

uncertain, then with long, wispy setae across

base of elytra and usually with tubercles or

denticles around apex of elytra. Occurring in

the Andes, including the Sierra Nevada de Santa

Nav Gare Based gece ae Oia S subgenus Hadrorestes .. 23

Striae 9 and 10 separated, distinct beneath

apical umbone; never with long, wispy setae

on base of elytra, only fasciatus with

distinct tubercles around apex of elytra.

Occurring in South America other than in the

ANGGS Cee ee he ee eee, EU eee ee gg gg 13

Epistoma wider than long, occupying approximately

14 (13)

15(14)

16(15)

Howden: Hadromeropsis

0.5 of anterior edge of rostrum (Fig. 149).

Size small, length 5.0-8.0 mm. Strial

punctures often foveate, (adi cliies. A male.

b5

Brazdl. dines sGeVais jc. <<. 01 «dace te ulverulentus n.

ranger

Epistoma as wide as or (more eh ae

than wide, occupying 0.2-0.4 of anterior edge

of rostrum. Length 4.5-16.5 mm. Strial

PUNCTURES UNOG. TONGA TG. music weeps tetas ol meee ba s

Edge of elytra around ventrite 5 with distinct

acute setiferous tubercles when viewed from

above (Fig. 157). Fore femur without distal

flange. Rostrum of female with distinct

pterygia (Fig. 158), apex of rostrum also

produced slightly in a flange on either side

of epistoma, epistoma thus long and narrow and

anterior edge of rostrum bisinuate. Elytra

with a complete postmedian dark fascia (Fig. 27),

very conspicuous in female and often appearing to

be composed of three contiguous diamonds; male

with blue or green scales, fascia weak, outlined

in white. Length 9.2-16.5 mm. Southeastern

CVG, 11a: sccua Bbbaes Peas aid ls icsiencocrars «Gales eas, coat ZL wtascaatas . (bucas)

Edge of elytra around ventrite 5 smooth when

viewed from above, or if appearing somewhat

tuberculate or crenulate, then without al]

ADOVE: MEME 1 NANG CHAVACEORS6ce0! & -oiseatinni® -s) Sl SRE

Fore femur with distinct (but very weak in some

females) distal flange when viewed from behind.

Elytra with tubercles on lateral intervals

usually distinct in dorsal view. With

metallic lustre of gold or red. Fore tibia

abruptly bowed inwardly at distal fourth (Fig. 1).

Fore femur without distal flange or swelling

above tibial groove when viewed from behind.

Elytra with or without tubercles on lateral

intervals. With or without a metallic lustre.

Fore tibia straight or slightly curved inwardly

CARLA IE iso dg winidu ca, as Retey 9 COM AO a ae Ts

Male with distal tooth of fore tibia as long as

width of tibia at apex. Female with distal

tooth of fore tibia single, 0.5x as long as

width of tibia. Apex of elytra of male

produced into a brief divergent tooth. Length

of male 7-8.6 mm, female 7.5-10.7 mm. South-

eastern Brazil and adjacent Argentina. .....

wo. at laude pennies . . 24, nobilitatus (Gyllenhal),

Male with distal tooth of fore tibia 0.5x as long

as width of tibia (Fig. 141). Female with a

pair of distal teeth on fore tibia, the most

distal tooth equal to or shorter than the

~ 16

in part

16 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

second (Fig. 142). Apex of elytra of male not

at all produced. Length of male 8.2-10.5 mm,

female 9.4-12.8 mm. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro,

Sanita Catan i nad oh eiud vient eh DRO ms GON 26. excubitor n. sp.

17(15) Large, length of male 9.5-11.4 mm; female

11-14.2 mm. Elytra without tubercles. Elytra

of female with anchor-shaped dark or glabrous

area (Fig. 13). Elytra of male green, blue, or

tan with pattern of female faintly marked with

white. Southeastern Brazil and Paraguay. . .

ghee aake tak ale MSGS AID kw ihee Vo 17. togatus (Boheman)

Smaller, length of male less than 9 mm, of female

less than 10.7 mm. Elytra with or without

tubercles, not patterned as above. ....... Coe 8 se

18(17) Dorso-lateral edges of rostrum poorly defined,

broadly rounded (Fig. 151). Argentina

(Misionés), Brazil (Minas Gerais), Paraguay,

nO ayers car aetee We ey Ae Gg Regs gm 21. pallidus n. s

Dorso-lateral edges of rostrum distinct. ........ ee

19(18) Elytra short and thick, convex in profile,

declivity almost perpendicular, apical umbone

absent (Figs. 7-10). Elytra with a large dark

postmedian spot on intervals 5, 6, and /; without

metallic lustre. Northern Argentina, Brazil

(Santa Catarina), Paraguay, Uruguay. .....

JO A aie BMY gv ML eae 18. argentinensis (Hustache)

Elytra not shaped as above. If elytra with a dark

postmedian spot, then also with either glabrous

tubercles on apical umbone or with a distinct

COLON VAIS Ghee ve Sian pe He AM ree! ie elie Se ees 20

20(19) Elytra with some glabrous setiferous tubercles on

apical umbone and usually on declivity and

lateral intervals as well. Without metallic

lustre. Color pattern similar to that of

argentinensis. Brazil (Parana, Santa

C ACA ING ph GeO, POU) ornate %, whet net ie” wel oltus 19. plebeius n. s

Elytra without distinct tubercles, but glabrous

Spots may be slightly convex. With or without

MG Dee Pree re I eh Mh ie pe BH Sw 8 8s 21

21(20) Female ventrite 4 with caudal margin straight in

ventral view, arcuate in caudal view (Fig. 143).

Elytra of male long and flat in profile. Fore

tibia almost straight, only weakly curved inward

distally (Fig. 140). Brazil (Minas Gerais),

Santa Catarina, S80 Paulo). ..... 22. speculifer n. sp.

Female ventrite 4 with caudal margin pointed

medially (Fig. 155). Elytra of male shorter,

more convex. Fore tibia distinctly bowed

Howden: Hadromeropsis 17

inward! Mista ligi (Pa gses iad Po lege oye, 2k. 22

22(21) With distinct golden lustre. Ventrite 5 of

female medially smooth and polished, without

scales. Southeastern Brazil and adjacent

Argentina?’ 6° P)9GRh.4 24. nobilitatus (Gyllenhal), in part

With metallic lustre absent or very faint.

Ventrite 5 of female with scales evenly

distributed or sparser medially (Fig. 155).

Brazd4-4Minas Geraisie ys oge Fie 25. atomarius (Boheman)

23(12) Scales when present very elongate, seta-like;

scutellum conspicuously clothed with dense white

elongate scales. Pronotum usually with a

shallow depression on each side and a median

COPVES STOW BS WETS a6 WE eee SIRE ee de a 24

Scales when present rounded in shape; scutellum

glabrous or variously clothed. Pronotum without

both a pair of lateral depressions and a median

depression (except some pectinatus).........e-. 26

24(23) Head and rostrum with a shagreened microsculpture

and scattered very fine punctures, the only

other sculpture being a frontal fovea (Fig. 222).

Ventrite 5 of female flat. Male unknown. Peru

LNuAnGGd)? g2..2 goa" 2499, G4 ee bc 35. bombycinus n. sp.

Head and rostrum not sculptured as above.

Ventrite 5 of female longitudinally convex

GP ICOIG a4 BEE Pees ALOR Reh eae tyes, tS 25

25(24) Female with elytra (Figs. 215, 218) abruptly

constricted beneath apical umbone, then flared

Outward in a prominent flange. Sculpture of

rostrum and frons consisting of short,

irregular rugae (Fig. 216). Male unknown.

ROURORPe ioe Sok Qisky ay sie? Paws oe 34. institulus n. sp.

Female with elytra (Fig. 214) gradually tapered

apically. Sculpture of rostrum and frons

around frontal fovea (Fig. 210). Colombia. . .

is ah ae ky eM RO a 33. impressicollis (Kirsch)

26(23) Rostrum with extreme hemispherical concavity

exaggerated by keeled dorso-lateral edges

(Figs. 282, 283). Size large, length 15.8-17.4

he PSH. See 4 Tn oa ak ale ae ae Toe ae 50. cavifrons n. sp.

Rostrum not so modified. Size small to large. ...... 27

27(26) Large, length 11-20 mm. Punctures of elytra not

aligned in striae and with many extra punctures

of the same size. Fore tarsus with segment 2

much wider distally, abruptly tapered proximally

(Figs, 302, 304, 306, 309). Eye separated from

18

28 (27)

29 (28)

30 (29)

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 19, no. 6, 1982

anterior margin of prothorax by its own diameter

OY More “CNUs -FOrMing a STONE NECK see a ae 28

Smaller, length 7.6-16 mm. Punctures of elytra

arranged in straight striae, usually without

extra punctures. Fore tarsus with segment 2

narrower distally, gradually tapered (Figs. 305,

307, 308 an Eve closer fo.pyothoraxs wt fasaweisye es ¢ Sl

Pronotum slightly, evenly convex, without lateral

flattened or depressed area. Elytral punctures

very small in glabrous areas (Fig. 206). Gla-

brous specimens with vitta on lateral edge of

metasternum of dense, imbricate white scales.

Female with apex of elytra broadly rounded-

truncate; ventrite 5 with deep lateral fovea.

Sutural interval at summit of declivity without

long, erect setae in either sex. Colombia.

PPT AG os PE SIRS Re 31. silaceus n. Sp.

Pronotum with lateral flattened or depressed area.

Elytral punctures larger, sometimes foveate.

Glabrous specimens never with concentration of

scales along side of metasternum. Female with

apex of elytra slightly produced, sutural inter-

val attenuate into a brief tooth; ventrite 5

flat or convex laterally. Sutural interval at

summit of declivity with long erect setae in all

females and in males of alacer and inconscriptus ... . 29

Elytra sparsely (male) or more densely (female)

(Fig. 205) clothed with rounded white and pale

colored scales, both sexes with a vague post-

median "V" outlined in larger, paler scales;

some specimens with metallic green scales

ventrally. Female with, male without long erect

setae at summit of declivity. Colombia (Sierra

Nevada de Santa Marta) ..... . . 30. nebulicolus n. sp.

Elytra of male and sometimes female with only

minute scales, no pattern; appearing glabrous

to naked eye. Female and male with long erect

Setae at suimmity Of -deGl 1V1 tyaue?.ladanechene ere id o.. 30

Setae of disc of elytra conspicuous, 2x longer

than the diameter of a fovea (Fig. 204). Both

sexes with minute scales only. Spermatheca very

long and contorted, as in Fig. 339. Ls : :

BN RED Se aoe ah 8 inconscriptus n.

Setae of disc of elytra as long as hes ” tones

(Fig. 203). Both sexes with minute scales only

or female with larger ochraceous scales forming

a pattern with 1, 2, or 3 dark fasciae. Sperma-

theca as in Fig. 336. Colombia, northern

COU GOU te a Faden Ae dle £4 wee Ae ge ¢ Gh Ete . « 28. alacer n. sp.