TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT... 1

INTRODUCTION... 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 2

METHODS 2

Field Seudice ‘ 2?

Laboratory Studies . 3

Systematic Presentation 5

HOST PLANTS By 5

THE SAGEBRUSH GALL MIDGES. 6

Biology. 6

Egg . 6

Larva 7

Pupa 7

Adult ‘ 7

Host Plant aud Sopp sachical sce uvion ‘ 8

Gall oes as 8

Systematics Sas Re 9

Taxonomic characters. ae ee eS ON ok er a 11

Key to species of Rhopalomyia ceneed. from

Artemisia tridentata ia idan0 2 664k Se eee Ras 12

Bhopalonyss OM CGE ee a a a yy 13

KR. Hiftipomum Gagne, new Species. 2... ke ee ke we 21

R. Calvipomum Gagné, mew species . . 2 2s wee ek ek 23

R. tubulus Gagne, new Species... © 2. se ek 25

R. rugosa rugosa Gagné, New Species 8... 6 ee ee 27

BR. ictibulila Gagné, new species 2... ie ek 28

RE. brevibulla Gagne, ew species. 2... - 8 ek ee 29

R. tumidibulla a MEOW GHCCIGS £2 ee eee a a1

R. spp. : Se Oe TE EC ST re On nt cu ane gentry Cova iges fears 32

R.. ampullaria Felt. ee es POS hs GO Se Beas GNIS ema ne fe 33

R. culmata Gagné, new species ee ON ay cee Ga Uk oa tay oe ue eh aes 36

RB. S06SVpina OAeNe New SPEC1ES ii. pee be bs EE 37

R. lignea peers new ee ee a ee a ee eee 4l

R. sp. near lignea ... a 43

R. lignitubus Gagné, new species. ea as 44

Ri eramboides Gagne, new Species oe oe ea 45

KR: anttioldes Gagne, new Species ... 6.6 ie ee a ee 47

m. Clore.ia Gaene, new species 2... . 6. 8 ee ke 49

Ro Gomies Gapne, New, Species: ee a 50

KR. mammitla Gagne, new species... 66 bee ee ee 52

KR. @bovata Gagne, new species .. 56k ee ee a 54

KR. nitcula Gagne, new species 2% 6b ee eh eee eS 57

Ry Meduea Gagne, New species «ks ieee ed he ke kee 59

R. MecuslCbhou Gdene New Species TO ee ek 62

Ri Rirticaulis Gaene, New species .. 0 i. ke ee ee eh 63

R. tumidicaulis ok new ee Sh eee ge ee 65

APPENDIX... . sie yo a. ee oe 67

Other Soacctic eeeies a Rhopslomyia (D Diarthronomyia) Se GA ie Mea 67

R. alticola Cockerell . . ak ke 67

Ro betneliana Cockerels (wg eR ee. eee er a A 68

Riot chrysanthemi el Sara Ounce ee as ata Re ee akc OO

R. clinata Gagné. . Nec Anes UO tana CMOS gr HER | amr. barter a 69

R. coloradella Cockerell SU PRN Se cota Wo bee RRL eat eee aimee 8 69

Re flocerca (helt) 2 ee ee a We ee ee. ve 0

eee COLL ce ee a ee eg a ee ea ene 70

Fee TO a ce ee a RE OUR GES RTI. 71

Rte centered: RUDSAAMON os. Sa er ee ee ee ae es 71

Ce a ee eee gk hs an REE et Rn Cv) a 73

Pa OR Uy a tee Gh a a ee ail oa RUA UR RM a Eonar RutanIR tng ye) 8 75

Me OR BUG eG ye ee cps cd ls Suecmt Claes eee Oar wel UC yc tal, UIE teat Gata ne atm NiO oath 18g, 76

ABSTRACT

Twenty-eight species of gall midges have been found associated with big

sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata Nuttall in Idaho. These species belong to

Rhopalomyia, subgenus Diarthronomyia; 22 are new to science, and 4 are not

assigned names. The new species described here are: anthoides, brevibulla,

calvipomum, conica, cramboides, culmata, florella, ossypina, hirtibulla,

hirticaulis, hirtipomum, lignea, lignitubus, mammilla, medusa, medusirrasa,

nucula, obovata, rugosa, tubulus, tumidibulla, and tumidicaulis. The 2

previously described species are R. ampullaria Felt and R. artemisiae (Felt).

The latter is given the new replacement name R. pomum.

Each species is responsible for a particular kind of gall, and all have

similar life histories, differing mainly in their phenological relationship

with the plant. The galls are specifically localized on all developing aerial

parts of the host. The eggs of the several species observed are deposited

separately or in masses on the surface of the plant near or on the part to be

infected. Larval and pupal development occur within the galls, with the larva

overwintering. Adults emerge shortly after the pupae break through the gall

surface. Each day males emerge shortly before the females to begin to fly

concurrently with female emergence at sunrise. Males, singly or in swarms,

seek out the females and mate repeatedly. Females mate once and begin

oviposition a few hours later. Most, if mot all, activity .of these

short-lived adults is over by midday. Twenty-two species are univoltine, 2

bivoltine. |

The impact of galls on the plant ranges from mortality to no apparent

effect. Some gall midge species are limited in their potential

destructiveness by platygasterid and chalcidoid parasitoids. Oxyna palpalis

(Coquillett), a tephritid fly, and Apion sordidum Smith, a curculionid beetle,

are inquilines in several of the larger galls.

INTRODUCTION

Sagebrush, Artemisia spp., is a dominant plant group in extensive areas of

western North America. It holds an important and sometimes conflicting role

in range and wildlife management programs: there are needs both for its

protection as browse and cover shrubs and for its control in order to increase

grassland grazing areas. In Idaho, sagebrush vegetation or several types

derived from it occupy an estimated 17 million acres (Tisdale et al. 1969).

One of the species, Artemisia tridentata Nuttall, host to the gall midges

treated in this study, occurs on most of this acreage.

Insects galls are common on Artemisia species and sometimes occur in such

large numbers that they are probably an important factor in the ecology of

sagebrush. Yet, until this study, these galls and their gallmakers (Figs. 1

and 2) were poorly known. Eleven species of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae)

reared from galls on Artemisia from western North America were named and

cursorily described, but subsequent recognition of most of these midges was

impossible because the stage or sex bearing the characters needed for

discrimination were unknown. Although the galls made by some of these midges

were described in recognizable detail, in most cases species identification

based on the gall was difficult because the precise host species were

unreported and more than one kind of gall was purportedly made by the same

species of gall midge.

This study was undertaken to ascertain the identity of the gall makers, to

study their life history and the development of the galls, and to investigate

the effect of the galls on the host plants. The scope of the project was

2 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

limited to big sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata and its subspecies, in the

general area of southern Idaho. Using this widely distributed host in such a

large area we hoped that our results, even though incomplete for many species,

would allow us to predict with confidence the biology and impact of gall

midges on other Artemisia species in Idaho and elsewhere.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to thank all who helped to realize this production. In particular

we acknowledge A. H. Winward, Oregon State University, for assistance in

sagebrush identifications, De Jackson, University of Akron, for

identifications of Platygasteridae; E. E. Grissell, Systematic Entomology

Laboratory, USDA, SEA, AR, Washington, DC, for identification of hymenopterous

parasites; the late W. E. Peay of the Entomology Research Station (USDA, ARS),

Twin Falls, ID, for furnishing work space and other facilities during certain

phases of the field studies; and Linda Heath Lawrence, Systematic Entomology

Laboratory, USDA, for the drawings.

METHODS

Field Studies

Gall collections, rearings, and detailed study of gall midges were made

throughout the sagebrush region in Idaho. More than 140 locations were

involved. The collections were begun in 1955, the detailed study commenced in

April 1968 and continued through July 1970, with short collecting periods

subsequent. A few collections were also made on A. tridentata in Montana,

Nevada, Utah and Washington at sites adjacent to Idaho. Up to 39 visits to a

specific site were made during the detailed study period, depending on the

presence and abundance of galls. These specific study sites are listed in

Table 1. :

Some galls were left undisturbed on plants at different sites for periodic

observation of gall development. Other galls were collected for rearing and

dissection. The gall dissections were made at two to four week intervals,

except from December through February, for each of the more common midge

species to follow larval and pupal development. Weather conditions permitted

only one or two collections during the three winter months.

Samples of galls of each midge species were collected from each site for a

reference collection. At first, these were preserved in either 70% ethanol or

FAA (Formalin, 1 part; glacial acetic acid, 1 part; 50% ethanol, 18 parts).

Later we preserved the galls on insect pins because dried galls do not shrink

or discolor. Foliage was collected and examined in the laboratory for small

galls or early developmental stages of galls. To rear adults in _ the

laboratory, supplemental field collections of galls were made when pupae were

fully developed. The size of all these collections depended on the abundance

of galls.

Adult behavior studies were conducted on 3 midge species. Rhopalomyia

pomum was studied at Sites 1 through 4, R. ampullaria at Site 13, and R.

gossypina at Site 24. Ten plants with large numbers of galls were selected

and tagged for identification at each site. During the hour before dawn five

4" x 4" dark green boards with mineral oil on both surfaces were hung on

separate branches of each plant. Counts were taken of trapped adults at

hourly intervals from sunrise to midday, when adults were no longer active.

Temperature, humidity, and wind velocity were recorded hourly. Emergence,

mating, and oviposition were observed between hourly recordings.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 3

At each of the R. pomum sites five of the 10 tagged plants were examined

for distribution of the galls. The plants were divided into north-south and

east-west quadrants and a center section. All branches were removed from each

of the five sections and gall counts made. The effect of gall formation on

the buds of these plants also was noted.

Caging studies were conducted on R. pomum and R. gossypina to determine

whether these midge species consistently cause the same gall type on different

plants as the one from which they emerge. The studies were done in a test

plot at the USDA Entomology Research Station at Twin Falls. In the fall of

1968 and spring of 1969, numerous young, gall free plants of A. t. tridentata

and A. t. vaseyana were transplanted into the test plot. The test plot was

well isolated from other sagebrush plants. As the pupae of each midge species

in field collected galls neared maturity, the galls were taken from rearing

containers and placed with several individually screen-caged plants in the

test plot. After about a week the galls and the cages were removed. Each

plant was examined throughout the season and the following spring to determine

whether gall development occurred and whether it was typical of that midge

species.

Laboratory Studies

Adult gall midges were reared for identification and for verification of

their association with the gall and host plant. Best results in obtaining

adults came from galls containing mature pupae. Galls were separated by form,

plant part affected, collection site, and collection date and reared at room

temperature individually or in mass in vials and plastic bags. Moisture was a

problem in both types of containers and mold was common. Daily records were

maintained of all emerged specimens, including parasitoids and asociated

insects. Specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol or pinned.

An intensive rearing study was conducted with three midge species (R.

omum, R. ampullaria, R. gossypina). Fifty galls of R. pomum from each of

Sites 1, 3 and 4 and 43 galls from Site 2 were collected prior to adult

emergence. Each gall was measured and placed in a 40 dram plastic vial or

small jar. Daily emergence records were kept. A few females (adults and

pupae that wiggled from the galls) were preserved in Bouin's solution for

subsequent egg counts. All other specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol.

The same general procedure was followed for the other two midge species except

for R. ampullaria 90 leaves bearing one to 20 galls were placed in individual

rearing chambers. Fifty galls of R. gossypina were preserved in 70% ethanol

after 16 days in rearing, and the larval capsules were subsequently counted

and examined.

Egg masses of the midge species were field collected whenever possible and

preserved in 70% ethanol. These and egg masses dissected from adults and

pupae were counted and measured under a dissecting microscope.

Over 1,000 specimens were studied taxonomically, and most were collected

expressly for this study. For detailed examination it was usually necessary

to mount specimens on slides for viewing under a phase contrast microscope.

Permanent mounts were made with Canada balsam. Anatomical drawings were done

either from these slides or from cleared specimens placed in a drop of

glycerin on a depression slide.

Most of the study material including the holotypes of the new species is

deposited in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM). A synoptic

collection is at the University of Idaho, and paratypes of most species as

available have been deposited in the California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco. Most of the extant types of the previously described Nearctic

species of Rhopalomyia are in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History,

either in the regular collection or in the Felt Collection, which is on loan

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, nv

ty 2903

Table 1. Locations, elevations, and host plants of study sites mentioned in the text.

Site #

SD OF Ww PO

Location

Twin Falls Co.

5 miles east of Twin Falls

11 miles south of Hansen

23 miles southwest of Twin Falls

17 miles south of Hansen

21 miles south of Hansen

22 miles south of Hansen

Magic Mountain Ski Areas

Blaine Co.

Galena Summit

Butte Co.

0.5 miles west of Arco

Camas Co.

11 miles north of Fairfield

12 miles south of Fairfield

Canyon Co.

15 miles south of Nampa

Cassia Co.

4 miles west of Almo

Custer Co.

8 miles northwest of Mackay

Elmore Co.

3 miles north of Mt. Home

7 miles south of Mt. Home

Franklin Co.

28 miles northeast Preston

3 miles west of Dayton

Gooding Co.

11 miles south of Bliss

3 miles southeast of Bliss

9 miles west of Bliss

3 miles south of Hagerman

Lincoln Co.

11.5 miles west of Kinama

Minidoka Co.

2 miles east of Acequia

Oneida Co.

9.5 miles west of Malad

Teton Co.

4.5 miles west of Tetonia

Washington Co.

8 miles north of Weiser

Beaverhead Co., Montana

17 miles east of Bannock Pass Summit

Adams Co., Washington

1.2 miles north of Washtucna

Elevation

3746

4300

4950

4725

5240

5700

6400

8600

5300

6500

5450

2500

6200

3325

3000

6850

4800

3140

3000

2964

4275

4200

5200

6025

2580

feet

Sagebrush Taxa

tridentata

wyomingensis

tridentata —

tridentata

vaseyana

. vaseyana

vaseyana

- vaseyana

tridentata

v. f. spiciformis

vaseyana

wyomingensis

tridentata

vaseyana

wyomingensis

vaseyana

wyomingensis

Vif. “Spiciformis

vaseyana

tridentata

wyomingensis

tridentata

wyomingensis

tridentata

. vaseyana

Vets xericensis

tridentata

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 5

to the Systematic Entomology Laboratory from the New York State Museum,

Albany. The type of Rhopalomyia tridentatae Riibsaamen was obtained from the

Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Stuttgart, West Germany.

Systematic Presentation

The arrangement of the midge species is in order by location on the plant

as indicated in Table 2. Under each species we present our information

concerning its taxonomy and anatomy, its biology, the gall, associated

insects, and its host plants and geographical distribution. Letters are

assigned to distinguish among unnamed species of the parasitoid genus

Platygaster. The subspecies Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis and A. t.

vaseyana “form xericensis" were not recognized during the first season of this

study; thus host identification for sites not visited after 1968 is only at

species level. In general, R. G. Jones and W. F. Barr are responsible for the

field data in this study, R. J. Gagné for the gall midge systematics. Gagné

is the author of the new species.

The specific names chosen for the new taxa describe some aspect of the

galls. Following is an alphabetical list of each valid specific name and its

meaning (all except ampullaria and pomum are new): ampullaria (adjective),

ampulelike; anthoides (adj.), flowerlike; brevibulla (noun), short bump;

calvipomum (n.), smooth apple; conica (adj.), cone-shaped; cramboides (adj.),

cabbagelike; culmata (adj.), stalked; florella (n.), little flower; gossypina

(adj.), cottony; hirtibulla (n.), fuzzy bump; hirticaulis (n.), fuzzy stem;

hirtipomum (n.), fuzzy apple; lignea (adj.), woody; lignitubus (n.), woody

tube; mammilla (n.), small teat; medusa (n.), Medusa; medusirrasa (n.), fuzzy

Medusa; nucula (n.), little nut; obovata (adj.), obovate; pomum (n.), apple;

rugosa (adj.), rugosa; tubulus (n.), little tube; tumidibulla (n.), swollen

bump; tumidicaulis (n.), swollen stem.

HOST PLANTS

Several taxonomic units are included under the species A. tridentata.

Beetle (1960) recognized two subspecies and two forms, each occurring in

Idaho. These are basin big sagebrush, A. t. tridentata; mountain big

sagebrush, A. t. vaseyana; Parish sagebrush, A. t. tridentata form parishii

and subalpine sagebrush, A. t. vaseyana form spiciformis. Further study

(Beetle and Young 1965) resulted in the recognition of the third subspecies of

this complex: Wyoming big sagebrush, A. t. wyomingensis. Winward and Tisdale

(1977) studied the taxonomy and ecology of this complex in Idaho. They found

important taxonomic characters in the number of flowers per head and heads per

stalk, vegetative and flower stem length, and leaf length-width ratios. They

established the distribution of all subspecies in the state, confirmed the

validity of A. t. vaseyana form spiciformis and recognized a previously

undescribed taxon which they tentatively referred to as A. t. vaseyana “form

xericensis." Winward rejected the A. t. tridentata form parishii because the

distinguishing character of a drooping inflorescence is present in both A. t.

tridentata and A. t. wyomingensis and cannot be related ecologically or

geographically.

Sagebrush vegetation extends over much of southern Idaho (Tisdale et al.

1969). Winward (1970), in studying the distribution of A. tridentata in

Idaho, found A. t. tridentata to have an elevation range of 2500 to 7000 feet

and a preference for the deep, well-drained soils of valley bottoms and lower

foothill regions. Artemisia t. vaseyana is found at elevations from 4500 to

8000 feet on relatively deep soils throughout the upper foothill and mountain

areas. The form spiciformis nearly always occurs at elevations about 7000

6 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

feet and is restricted to localized mesic sites. The "form xericensis" (= A.

tridentata "X" as characterized by Winward and Tisdale, 1977) is known in the

west-central portion of the state where it occurs in relatively dry sites in

an elevation range of 2500 to 4500 feet. Artemisia t. wyomingensis occurs at

relatively shallow soils of the hotter and drier portions of the state at

elevations ranging from 2500 to 6500 feet.

Dietert (1938) found the most striking characteristics of A. tridentata to

be its evergreen foliage and absence of winter buds. Due to these features

the stem tip has much the same appearance throughout the year. Two types of

branches, flowering and vegetative, are produced each year. In early growth

there is no apparent difference between the two, either externally or

internally. However, on about the first of June when the new branches have

reach a length of 5 - 15 cm or more, external differences gradually become

apparent. From this time on the flowering branches elongate more rapidly.

These die with the ripening of the seed in the fall, but usually persist on

the plant until the following summer or even for several years.

The flowering branches or sprays are panicles with small, sessile heads.

The bracts or leaves that subtend the branches of the flowering spray vary

from typical tridentate leaves near the base of the spray to much smaller

entire linear ones toward the apex. These bracts, as a rule, are shed before

the flowers reach maturity.

Two leaf series occur on the vegatative branches. Winward and Tisdale

(1977) refer to these as ephemeral and persistent leaves. The irregularly

lobed ephemeral leaves are produced early in the year and are shed as the

season advances. Persistent leaves are typically three-lobed and remain on

the plant through the winter. All leaves, bracts, and current year's growth

of branches are densely clothed with trichomes, giving them a silvery gray

appearance.

Winward and Tisdale (1977) also reported phenological differences among

the three subspecies and two forms of A. tridentata. Artemisia t. tridentata

and A. t. wyomingensis begin growth approximately 2 weeks earlier and have

ripened seeds at least two weeks later than A. t. vaseyana.

THE SAGEBRUSH GALL MIDGES

Biology

Except for some spatial and phenologic variations, the life histories of

the gall midges appear to be quite similar. The only other species of the

subgenus Diarthronomyia whose biology has been studied in any detail is R.

chrysanthemi Ahlberg, as summarized in Barnes (1948). Its biology is similar

to that of the species treated here except that instead of the one or two

generations per year for these sagebrush associated species, R. chrysanthemi

may have up to five.

Eee

Eggs of the several species observed are similar in appearance in gross

aspect and differ only in size. The eggs are deposited singly or in masses on

the surface of the plant near or on the special part where gall development

occurs. The duration of this stage has not been determined, but in R. pomum

at least, it is less than 16 days. Barnes (1948) reported that this stage

lasts from three to 22 days for R. chrysanthemi, depending on temperature.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 7

Larva

All species overwinter as larvae within the gall, but the age of the

overwintering larva varies among. species. The overwintering larval age

appears related to the phenology of the host plant. Species such as R. pomum

and R. hirtipomum overwinter as young larvae in galls which are first evident

in the fall. At the other extreme, R. obovata overwinters as mature larvae in

galls which have completed development and are beginning to deteriorate.

Eclosion and other activities of immature larvae were not observed, but

Barnes (1948) found that larvae of R. chrysanthemi move about on the plant

surface and bore into the tissue within 24 hours after eclosion. Spence

(1969) found that newly hatched larvae of R. hirtipes (Osten Sacken) also are

quite mobile. This may explain why galls of certain sagebrush associated

species, e.g. R. brevibulla, are produced on plant organs other than those on

which their eggs are deposited. The penetration of the plant tissue by larvae

is evident by the brown spots or scars on the surface of the galls of R. pomum

and R. calvipomum.

The time lapse between oviposition and gall development varies with the

midge species. For example, galls of R. pomum were not evident until four

months after oviposition while those of R. obovata could be found about two

months after oviposition. Barnes (1948) reported a time lapse of 16 to 102

days between larval penetration into the plant tissue and the appearance of a

visible gall for R. chrysanthemi, but that variation was seasonal and could be

altered under greenhouse conditions. A shortened time lapse was obtained in

this study with greenhouse incubation of the galls of R. gossypina. These

galls were visible about January 20 under greenhouse conditions while those

developing under field conditions were not visible until early June.

Pupa

Pupation occurs within the larval chamber of the gall and appears to be

brief; for R. pomum this stage lasts about 15 days. The duration probably

varies according to species to within a week or so of this depending on

weather conditions. Barnes (1948) found it to vary from six to seven days to

several weeks for R. chrysanthemi depending on the season. With maturity the

abdomen of the female pupa becomes red.

The pupa escapes the gall either by cutting its way out or by breaking the

gall. The antennal and facial horns of the pupa are used in this activity.

There may be a correlation between the prominence of the antennal horns and

the most solidly walled galls.

When the pupa reaches the outer gall surface, the adults emerges. The

pupal exuviae are left attached to the gall. The presence of exuviae is

useful in ascertaining the occurence and extent of emergence.

Adult

The seasonal occurrence of adults is related directly to the phenology of

the host plant. Midges emerge at or about the time of the development of the

plant organ or part on which the galls occur. Midge emergence and both midge

and gall development varied between sites: later development in the spring

coincided with elevation and geographical areas in Idaho that consistently had

later growing seasons. Observations were in general agreement with Winward

and Tisdale (1977) that A. t. vaseyana begins growth two weeks later and

ripens seed at least two weeks earlier than A. t. wyomingensis and A. t.

tridentata. This generally explains the later emergence of R. pomum at Site

4, where only A. t. vaseyana was present. At Site 13, however, three

8 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

subspecies of A. tridentata occurred intermixed within the same area. The

phenology of all three was similar, and R. ampullaria which occurred on each,

emerged concurrently from each subspecies. :

Midges emerge through a dorsal split in the thoracic exoskeleton of the

pupa. Emergence is influenced by temperature and relative humidity, with

different thresholds of these factors apparent for males and females of a

species. Light also may be a factor. Males consistently emerge earlier in

the morning than females when the temperature is lower, relative humidity

higher, and apparently before daylight in most instances. Females emerge at

sunrise or shortly thereafter. Emergence and other adult activities take

place during a daily period of high relative humidity. Humidity may be of

special importance in a desert community, where desiccation would be fatal to

the adults.

Male flight occurs when light and temperature are favorable. The minimum

temperature at which flight was observed was 48°F. The primary function of

male flight is to seek out females and mate. Observations and trapping

indicate that males seek females both individually and in male swarms, at

least for R. pomum, R. ampullaria and R. gossypina.

The sex ratio for R. pomum favors the female (see under that species).

Assuming that males are as efficient in seeking out females as they apear to

be, the high female to male ratio provides the required high reproductive

potential to offset possible catastrophies. Observations showed females of R.

omum and R. gossypina mate only once, while males of these species mate

several times.

Host Plant and Geographical Distribution

Galls were found on all subspecies and forms of A. tridentata throughout

the study area in Idaho. However, it is doubtful that all midge species

associated with Artemisia tridentata in Idaho have been found. The

distribution of these midge species outside of Idaho is not known, although

limited observations in Montana and Washington showed only one gall different

from those found in the state. Fronk et al. (1964) in their work in Wyoming

on dipterous galls of the A. tridentata complex, recorded a midge species,

Asphondylia sp. on A. tridentata. This genus was not encountered in the

present study.

Gall

The structural variety of midge galls on Artemisia is remarkable. Galls

are found on all non-woody aerial growth: the two leaf series, flower and

vegetative buds, leaf and stem nodes, and green stems (Table 2). The majority

of galls occur on the plant parts that remain through the winter. fhe

exceptions to this are the galls of the ephemeral leaf series which remain on

the plant for a relatively short period. Two gall midges form galls on this

leaf series. One, R. ampullaria, has two generations per year. The second

generation forms the same type of gall as on the ephemeral leaves but on the

flower buds instead, in which the larvae overwinter. Rhopalomyia culmata,

which causes the second kind of ephemeral leaf gall, probably has another

generation, but we did not find it.

The seasonal occurrence of these two galls appears directly correlated to

that of normal plant growth. Development of the galls generally begins with

the start of normal growth of that part on which they occur, and ceases when

normal growth stops. This is most apparent in both leaf and flower bud galls

of R. ampullaria. The development of the galls on the persistent leaf series

opens some questions, however, Dietert (1938) stated that the persistent

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 9

leaves overwinter as mature leaves on the plant and are dropped soon after

growth is resumed in the spring. If this is true, then these galls develop

mostly on a mature organ. Further study may show that the persistent leaf

series is similar to the embryonic leaves which Dietert believes have been

arrested in various stages of development in the fall and resume their growth

in the spring.

Those midge species which have the greatest impact on their host plant

appear to be those which cause bud galls. These prevent further plant growth

by killing the bud. However, most infested plants are not severely damaged

because of generally low numbers of this type of gall and because the impact

of these gall causing midges is lessened by the large number of parasitoids

associated with them.

The galls are prosoplasmatic, which means that their form is constant in

size and structure and is the result of a restructuring of the plant cells.

As to their cause, we cannot improve on Kinsey's (1936) noncommital definition

that galls are the “expression of the physiologic nature of the stimulus

provided by the insect."

Systematics

All gall midges encountered in this study belong to the’ subgenus

Diarthronomyia of the genus Rhopalomyia (Gagné 1975), one of the larger genera

of the supertribe Oligotrophidi. Rhopalomyia is characterized by the

following combination of characters: the presence of one or two palpal

segments, blunt-tipped claspettes of the male genitalia, ovoid female cercus,

longer legs and wings in males than in females, and the lack of a spatula and

the general reduction in number and size of the papillae in the larvae. In

addition, all included species cause complex galls that are found chiefly on

Compositae.

Species of the subgenus Diarthronomyia are distinct from other Rhopalomyia

on Compositae in the lack of lateral setae on the adult abdominal terga.

Also, unlike other Rhopalomyia, many species of Diarthronomyia have teeth on

the tarsal claws. The subgenus is at least Holarctic and its species occur

exclusively on species of Artemisia and Chrysanthemum.

The reduction in the number of useful diagnostic characters in Rhopalomyia

as compared with some other groups of cecidomyiids is striking. The palpus

and antenna have a reduced number of parts and can vary in shape within a

species. Setation is generally reduced and even the trichoid sensilla, the

two sensory setae present at the base of the abdominal sterna of almost all

gall midges, show reduction in these Artemisia associated midges from two to

one or none. The larva has lost the sternal spatula and the few terminal

papillae remaining are barely perceptible. Nevertheless it has been possible

to recognize apparent relationships among certain species, and these are

discussed in the species diagnoses.

In the past, Diarthronomyia midges were formally segregated according to

the expression of a few characters such as the number of palpal segments and

the presence or absence of teeth on the tarsal claws (Gagné 1975). The

present study shows that although such characters are helpful for separating

species, they are by themselves of no use in determining evolutionary

relationships. For example, R. hirticaulis has simple tarsal claws and R.

tumidicaulis toothed claws, but apparent similarities in the shape of the male

genitalia and pupal heads and the location and structure of the galls indicate

that the two species are closely related.

In this study, we recognize 26 species of Rhopalomyia on A. tridentata,

each of which was reared from a distinct type of gall. Males and pupae from

most of these can be distinguished anatomically from all others, but there are

two pairs of species whose members appear identical. These are R.pomum, R.

10 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Table 2. Summary of the gall forms on different plant organs by midge species with seasonal occurrence, host and

geographical prominence in Idaho, 1968 through 1970.

Occurrence at or on number of

Generalized Seasonal A. tridentata A. tridentata Other

Midge Species Occurrence of Gall ‘sites in Idaho pigs SS Artemisia spp.

Galls of the Persistence Leaf Series

R. pomum October to June 97 3 4

R. calvipomum October to June 20 4 ]

R. hirtipomum October to June 12 4 0

R. tubulus October to June 5 2 0

R. rugula October to May ] ] 0

R. hirtibulla October to April 8 3 0

R. brevibulla October to April ] ] 0

R. tumidibulla October to May 2 ] 0

Galls of the Ephemeral Leaf Series

R. ampullaria May to August 10 3 ]

R. culmata May to June 3 0

Galls of the Branch Tips (Buds)

R. gossypina May to October 4 ] ]

R. lignea August to May 4 2 0

R. sp. nr. lignea August to May 5 ] 2

R. lignitubus March to June 8 4 0

R. cramboides June to May 8 2 0

R. anthoides June to April 23 4 0

R. florella June to April | 2 0

R. conica March to June 23 4 3

R. mammilla March to October 8 3 0

R. obovata June to April 53 A 2

Galls of the Leaf and Stem Nodes

R. nucula June to April 35 4 ]

R. medusa September to May 75 5 4

R. medusirrasa October to May 14 ]

Galls of the Stem

R. hirticaulis May to August 2 ]

R. tumidicaulis May to September ] ]

R. ampullaria May to April ] 3

Galls of the Flower Buds

R. ampullaria September to September ] 3 0

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 11

hirtipomum and R. medusa, R. medusirrasa. The galls formed by members of each

pair are similar in location on the plant and gross structure except that

galls of one member of the pair are fuzzy; of the other, smooth. Cage

experiments with R. pomum support the conclusion that succeeding generations

of the midges make galls that are true to parental form. Consequently, the

members of each pair can be recognized by characteristics of their galls.

Rhopalomyia, being a dynamic group of insects, should reflect the

gradations that are part of the process of speciation. Not only might there

be long established species that have become anatomically distinct from their

sister species, there might also be some species pairs that have more recently

diverged and whose existence is less demonstrable anatomically. As indicated

above, we have some cases of similar specimens being reared from different

types of galls that retain their identity through successive generations. We

assume that the galls are the expression of the chemical reactions between the

plant and the salivary secretions of the larvae. Therefore, if the galls are

distinct, the genetic makeup of the gall midges is distinct also. Most of the

gall midges from the several gall types are different, at least in male and

pupal characters. Females are less distinct and larvae even less so.

Therefore, our working species definition for these in the subgenus

Diarthronomyia is as follows: a@ species is a population that is usually

distinguishable in the totality of its anatomical characters and that is

responsible for one particular type of gall on its host plant species.

A problem barely touched upon here concerns the fact that similar galls

from different Artemisia species do not yield the same species of

Rhopalomyia. For example, galls similar to those of R. pomum, but on A.

arbuscula or A. nova, yielded adults that were similar to R. calvipomum, and

galls like those of R. tumidibulla on A. arbuscula were made by a very

different species of gall midge not treated further here. It is possible that

the salivary secretions of the larvae find a different expression among the

different species of Artemisia, but it seems more likely that Rhopalomyia spp.

are closely host specific.

Because we studied material only from southern Idaho and immediate

environs, we do not know if our species characterizations are valid throughout

the range of Artemisia tridentata. As a follow-up of this research it would

seem worthwhile to study a few of the commoner galls throughout the range of

A. tridentata and their presence on other Artemisia of the Section Tridentatae.

On the other hand it would seem less fruitful and justifiable to pursue

further studies such as the present one on other species of Artemisia. As a

result of this study we know that Artemisia gallmakers belong to the subgenus

Diarthronomyia, we can generally predict their biology, and we can estimate

their impact on the host by the location and abundance of the galls.

Additional studies could be expected to provide little new, basic

information. Also, these gall midges are difficult to distinguish because of

the reduction and dearth of characters: considering the number of

Diarthronomyia present in the world (Gagné 1975) one could conceivably find

anatomically similar species that are not at all closely related. Because of

these difficulties and unless significant new information is forthcoming, we

believe that there is little to gain by giving names in the future to the

undoubtedly numerous new species of Diarthronomyia associated with Artemisia

spp. It would be adequate to designate such species found in the course of

faunal surveys or other studies simply as "Rhopalomyia (Diarthronomyia) sp."

along with a characterization of its gall.

Taxonomic Characters

Following is a list of characters used in the species descriptions. Only

a few are good key characters; most have great ranges of variation and are

12 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

useful only in combination or under certain circumstances.

Adult Characters:

- Separation of eyes on vertex: the eyes are usually connate but may be

separated by a distance of as many as 4 facet diameters.

- Number of antennal flagellomeres and length of necks of flagellomeres

III, V, and VII relative to their respective nodes.

- Number of segments and shape of the palpus.

- Shape of labellum: ellipsoid to semicircular.

- Number of setae on frontoclypeus and labellum, and number and sites of

setae on palpus.

- Length of wing: an indication of specimen size.

- Number of anepimeral setae.

- Shape of tarsal claws: whether simple or toothed and whether tooth is

strong or weak.

- Length of empodia relative to tarsal claws.

- Abdominal setation: number and placement of setae and scales on terga,

pleura and sterna. Sternal setae are variable, but basically consist of

groups extending across the width of each sternum, and a more cephalic group

which is sometimes divided into three subgroups, two lateral and one central.

In species with sparse setae, the central group is absent. Located anteriorly

on each sternum usually is a pair of trichoid sensilla, but occasionally some

species have only one sensillum and others none. Pleural setae are

occasionally present and scales more commonly so, but, when present, are

usually restricted to the apical abdominal segments.

- Length of ovipositor: this is given as a ratio or the length of tergum

VII (as measured from basal trichoid sensilla to base of caudalmost seta on

tergum) to that of the more rigid, distal half of the ovipositor.

- Shape of the male genitalia, particularly the shape of the basimere and

telomore.

Pupal characters:

The pupa bears some good characters especially in the head armature which

is presumably used for breaking out of the galls before the adult emerges.

The useful characters are: the shape of the antennal horns, frontal ridges

and pronotum, and the length of the pronotal setae.

Key to species of Rhopalomyia reared from Artemisia tridentata in Idaho

Although females of a few species and most males, if used alone, will run

successfully in this key, a male and a pupa or pupal exuviae will be needed in

may cases. Rhopalomyia rugosa is not keyed here because its male is unknown.

1. Claws: toothed, palpus l= or 2-. segmented: 2. ce ek ies wl ee RIK hee

Claws: simole, palous.1)-seemented oo oie ke. Gee hoe ce ee A Oe ee ee EB

2. RR ROUG ZNBO RMON E eG 6. Susi Oh ee eg ra Vices tes eeoeeb ce dh wu Wem awa M

Palpus l-segmented ..... Se eae at eee:

3. Trichoid sensilla absent feou abdominals ees ces eno wala ke

wees R. pom m & R. hirtipomum

Trtchoid: coneitie ee on s lease some abdominal can Ne ee Ree

4. Abdominal sternum VII with one trichoid sensillum, remaining sterna

without or with one or two sensillae .. . . R. calvipomum

Abdominal sterna II-VII each with 2 erichoid ewaediue erage cas Ak ub ae y ane sanyo

5. Telomere or male genitalia truncate apically, basimere stout

(Figs. 94-95); pupa with long, conical, antennal horns (Figs. 65-66) . 6

10.

12,

13:

14.

a5.

16.

a7.

18.

19.

20.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 13

Telomere tapered gradually to apex, basimere narrow (Figs. 90-91);

pupa with short antennal horns (Pigs. 67-68, 71-72) . 2... .. 3.4.0.0 7

Abdomen covered with scales; tooth of telomere narrow... . R. nucula

Abdomen without scales; tooth of telomere wide (Fig. 49) . . R. obovata

Basimere of male genitalia without a conspicuous dorsal lobe

(Fig. oni pie: poeta, unmodified (Figs. 67-68)

cPend; . R. medusa & R. medusirrasa (in pert)

Baciners: Stee with a dares ventral lobe (as in Figs. 92-93);

pupal pronotum produced anteroventrally (Figs. 71-72) . R. tumidicaulis

Telomere of male genitalia Piel sii the tooth narrow

(Figg. 68489) .22 2. a a eee a a ee

Telomere ovoid, the booth wh ade en hone (Pigs. '78- 79) eae Bae 10

Telomere of male genitalia tapering gradually to apex; pupal eponetum

produced anteroventrally (Figs. 63-64) .... . RK. mammilla

Telomere truncate apically (Figs. 88-89); eee eronecun

unmodified, at least in culmata (anthoides pupa unknown) thy be fe

. R. culmata & R. anthoides

Dinas sitenna ls: bane bifid apically ban: in 4 Fie AG) heen 6 ak pirtibulla

Pupal antennal horn with single apical point... sia 11

Pupal antennal horns long, conical; frontal projections of ee

short or absent (Figs. 49-50, 55-56) .... wes 12

Pupal antennal horns short; frontal projections strong ve in

Figs. 69-70)... 4% eae 13

Abdominal sterna without erichote saan. ‘oipel Sveannal horns

approximately as long as pronotal setae (Figs. 49-50) ... R. tubulus

Abdominal sterna with trichoid sensilla; pupal antennal horns

much longer than pronotal setae (Figs. 55-56) ... - R. lignea

Pupal antennal horn strongly projected ventrally, ppdactun

of pupa produced anteroventrally (Figs. 69-70) .... R. hirticaulis

Pupal antennal horn not projected ventrally, pronotum unmodified . . 14

Basimere of male genitalia with prominent ventral lobe (as in Fig. 85) 15

Basimere tapering gradually from base to apex ........... 16

Palpal setae clustered near apex << .-666 . 6. on eae R. gossypina

Palpal setae randomly placed ..... R. lignitubus

Pupae with prominent frontal Orobubananecs ipigs 67- 68)

qa Oe . R. medusa & R. medusirrasa (in part)

Bune mich an or no aa dat a protuberances (Figs. 57-58, 61-62) . . 17

Teeth of tarsal claws strong, occasionally bifid ...... R. conica

Teeth of tarsal claws weak, simple... . . se w OR. erampoides

Telomere of male genitalia ovoid, the tooth aac CR RS er erie Waa Ee am Vie

Telomere conical or cylindrical, the tooth very narrow........ 20

Abdominal sterna with trichoid sensilla; basimere of male

genitalia with a prominent ventral lobe... ae R. florella

Abdominal sterna without trichoid sensilla; beaten cavennt

a lobe, tapering gradually from base to apex (Figs. 82-83)

ee Me ar ae I ee er ee gt oe ey js Ws ampullaria

Telomere of male genitalia conical (Figs. 80- -B1); eegk antennal horn

with a simple apical point and a basal spur (Figs. 51-52) R. tumidibulla

Telomere cylindrical, truncate apically (Figs. 76- Hm pupal antennal

horn bifid, without: an: apical spur. «.4.4>4 « ). ; . . . R. brevibulla

Rhopalomyia pomum Gagné

(Vigo, QB 4, SeO4) Foose gee 7S)

Rhopalomyia artemisiae (Felt) 1908:339, (nec R. artemisiae (Bouché) 1834.

Rhopalomyia pomum Gagné 1975:483 (new name for artemisiae Felt).

14 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Diagnosis

Rhopalomyia pomum is one of a group of larger sagebrush midges that have

2-segmented palpi and toothed claws. It is very close to R. hirtipomum and R.

calvipomum, which form the same general type of gall. The external anatomy of

R. hirtipomum appears identical with R. pomum, but its gall has a very fuzzy

surface and is always monothalamous. The adult differs from R. calvipomum by

lacking trichoid sensilla at the cephalic end of most of the abdominal sterna,

and the pupa has simple rather than bifid antennal horns.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.6 - 3.1 mm. Eyes usually less than one facet

diameter apart at vertex. Antenna 15-16 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III,

0.53-0.59 length node; neck V, 0.60-0.72 length node; neck VII, 0.60-0.71

length node. Fused labella hemispherical in frontal view, 0-6 setae per

labellum. Palpus 2-segmented, segment II usually about 0.5 length I,

occasionally as long; 0-3 setae present per segment, scattered when present.

Frontoclypeus with 3-11 setae per side. Anepisternum with 5-15 setae. Claws

toothed, the teeth occasionally bifid. Empodia as long as claws. Abdomen:

tergum III with 15-23 setae per side, V with 18-30, VI with 21-35, and VIII

with 19-32, the caudal groups on all terga except VII and occasionally VIII

not joined mesally; pleura I-IV without setae, V-VI with 0-2, VII with 1-8,

and VIII with 5-13, occasional scattered scales sometimes present on distal

segments; sterna without basal trichoid sensillae, sternum VII with 32-57

setae in distal groups and 28-50 in basal group, the latter usually separated

into a mesal and two lateral groups. Genitalia (Figs. 73-75): basimere with

prominent ventral lobe; telomere ovoid, tapering gradually to wide apical

tooth; sternum X usually weakly bilobed.

Female. Wing length, 1.8-2.1 mm. Antenna with 14-16 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.11-0.29 length node; neck V, 0.05-0.25 length node; neck

VII, 0.00-0.30 length node; necks absent beyond V-IX. Other head and thoracic

characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum III with 11-20 setae per side, V with

19-29, and VII with 12-23, the two groups on VII usually convergent mesally;

pleura I-V without setae, VI with 0-4 setae, VII with 2-10, occasional scales

sometimes present on distal segments; sterna without trichoid sensillae,

sternum VII with 20-38 setae in distal group, 10-41 in basal, these usually

disposed in the 3 groups, 1 mesal and 2 lateral; tergum VII 0.27-0.34 length

distal half of ovipositor; setulae of the latter elongate, few pronged.

Pupa (as in Figs. 47-48). Antennal horn short, with a single point.

Frons with pair of pointed, bilaterally compressed projection laterad of the

clypeal base.

Lectotype here designated, male, #3120, emerged VI-16-1883, Fort Garland,

Colorado, Artemisia tridentata, C 989, USNM Type No. 29260. Paralectotype,

female, same data as lectotype.

Felt's type series, which does not include gall material is arbitrarily

assigned to R. pomum rather than R. hirtipomum These two species cannot be

distinguished on the basis of adults. However, inasmuch as galls of R. pomum

are much more commonly found in nature and thus adults of this species were

more likely to have been before Felt when he described D. artemisiae, we

believe our action is justifiable.

Galls typical of those of R. pomum were taken from A. arbuscula, nova,

cana, and tripartita. Rhopalomyia specimens were reared from the first two

plant species, but are different from R. pomum in that they have trichoid

sensilla on the abdominal sterna.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 15

Biology

Egg. The bright-red eggs were found in masses on the surface of

developing persistent leaves between two unseparated leaves in the bud (Fig.

1) and on the inturned margins of a more developed leaf. Eight egg masses

contained from 26-208 eggs (avg. 100.3). The dimensions of 84 eggs ranged

from 0.18-0.29 mm in length (avg. 0.25) and 0.05-0.10 mm in width (avg.

0.08). At Site 1 eggs were evident from May 8 to 28, 1969, but could not be

found on June 13. This suggests an ovipositional period of at least 20 days

and a developmental period for individual eggs of less than 16 days.

Larva. Larvae were found at Site 1 from mid-October (coinciding with the

first signs of gall) until mid-May. At the higher elevation Sites 2 and 3,

they were also found in mid-October, but were still evident until the last of

May.

Pupa. Pupae were observed in the field 15 days prior to the first

observed adult emergence at Site 1, in 1969. Nine mature female pupae were

found to contain 240-511 eggs (avg. 369.8).

Adult emergence. The monothalamous galls were the first to show midge

emergence. Under field conditions emergence occurred as early as May 7, 1969

at Site 1 when a few fresh pupal exuviae were found. On May 28 some pupae

were present at this site indicating that emergence was still in progress, but

it was completed sometime prior to June 13. Examination of galls at Site 3 at

a higher elevation showed that adult emergence had commenced no more than a

few days prior to May 19, 1969. The host plants were at the same stage of

seasonal development at all sites during midge emergence with the persistent

leaves beginning to separate in the bud.

In the laboratory the earliest emergence of adults was on April 23, 1969

from galls collected on April 14 from A. t. tridentata at Site 20 at an

elevation of 3140 feet. The latest seasonal rearing was July 2, 1968 from

galls collected on June 25 from A. t. vaseyana f. spiciformis at Site 10 at an

elevation of 6500 feet.

In all rearings of this species, more females emerged than males.

Individual rearings of 182 similar apprearing polythalamous galls from Sites

1-4 also had a preponderance of galls with only one sex (Table 3). Females

(Fig. 1) emerged from 57.1% of the galls, whereas males (Fig. 2) emerged from

23.1%. Only 5.5% of the 182 galls had emergence of both males and females.

No midge emergence occurred from the remaining 14.3% of the galls although

parasitoids emerged from 23 of these 26 galls. Midge emergence occurred daily

but only during the evening or early morning hours. Maximum emergence from an

individual gall showed no great difference between the sexes. During a period

of 14 days a total of 59 males emerged from 1 gall and during an 8 and 13 day

period a total of 51 females emerged from each of two galls.

Caging studies to determine the specificity of R. pomum and galls were not

successful. Midges emerging from polythalamous galls were caged on 18 plants;

however, only 3 of these plants survived the summer after transplanting. One

of these, an A. t. vaseyana plant, did subsequently form eight polythalamous

and five monothalamous galls. These galls appeared the same as those caused

by this midge species under normal field conditions. No galls were found on

the other two surviving plants.

Daily activity begins with emergence of the adult from the gall. Although

male emergence was not observed in the field, specimens were found at first

light clinging to foliage indicating a possible predawn emergence. Female

emergence begins before sunrise in early light. It is first evident when the

dark head of the pupa breaks through the gall surface. The pupa works through

the surface until half its body is protruding. A longitudinal split down the

dorsal surface of the thorax then occurs through which the female emerges.

The pupal exuvium (Fig. 3) remains attached to the gall. The female then

16 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

crawls to a nearby leaf or stem where the wings expand and dry. During this

period the ovipositor remains fully extended.

The entire process of emergence was recorded for two individuals at Site 1

on May 11, 1969. The sequence of events and recorded time were as follows:

pupal head broke through gall surface, 0700 and 0750; thoracic split occurred,

0720 and 0801; adult completely emerged, 0728 and 0807; and wings expanded,

0735 and 0810. Thus it took a total of 35 and 20 minutes respectively for

these individuals to complete emergence.

Male flight. Each morning, flight of newly emerged males coincides with

emergence of the first females. The males usually appear as a large group,

but occasionally only a few individuals or single specimens are present. The

groups are associated with gall bearing sagebrush plants and move from

Table 3. Sex variation in Rhopalomyia pomum from polythalamous galls

collected from four sites in Twin Falls Co., Idaho, 1969.

Galls with emergence of Galls with

Females Males Both No

Site No. of Galls only only sexes Emergence .

BE 50 32 13 2 3

2 32 14 3 2 13

3 50 33 10 L 6

4 50 25 16 5 4

Totals 182 104 42 10 26

Percent aT 23.1 2.9 14.3

one portion of a plant to another or to other plants in search of females.

The searching flight appears to be concentrated about branches with or in the

proximity of galls.

Activity of males as indicated by trap-board counts (Table 4) taken at

Sites 2, 3 and 4 generally shed an increase after 0700 and a decrease after

0800. These counts indicate a relationship between male activity and tem-

perature and light which was further indicated by observations. Very few

males were observed in the later morning hours. They usually displayed a

behavioral pattern consisting of frequent resting periods on foliage that

lasted up to 20 seconds between periods of flight. Male flight behavior also

was affected by wind during the two trapping periods at Site 4 when gusty

conditions prevailed. Males flew between gusts and either rested on foliage

or crawled about seeking females during gusts. Hourly wind recordings could

not be correlated with the trapping results due to the variability of the wind

velocities during each hour of a morning.

Mating. Females are ready to mate only when their wings are fully

expanded. Teneral females discourage or prevent mating by body movement or by

holding their genitalia against the plant surface. The female, if not mated

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 17

within 5-15 minutes after becoming receptive, crawls to another or more ex-

posed place on the plant. She mates only once. Mated females can be recog-

nized by having the ovipositor retracted and are usually found in less ex-

posed places. Males occasionally were observed attempting to copulate with

mated females but were unsuccessful because of movement of such females.

The male locates a receptive female during the course of a _ searching

flight. Upon locating such a female he hovers over her briefly before

mounting. In the copulatory position the head and thorax of the male are

situated over the abdomen of the female and the male's abdomen is curved

downward directly over or to the side of the female with their genitalia in

contact. The pro- and mesothoracic legs of the male clasp the female while

the metathoracic pair are in contact with the plant or extend in space. After

mating a male resumes the searching flight.

Most males quickly attained the copulator position. When difficulty was

encountered a male either departed or attempted to mate again. One male was

observed trying to mate with the head of a female and on the side of her

thorax. After much activity on the part of both individuals, the male flew a

short distance, but returned immediately and then successfully mated. In

another case a second male attempted to position himself on a mating pair. In

still another case four males in succession attempted to mount a female being

carried off by a worker harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex owyheei Cole.

Observation of 34 pairs in copulation showed that copulation lasted from

20-35 seconds (avg. 27.5) under calm conditions. Under windy conditions four

mating pairs required 35-45 seconds (avg. 41.3) for copulation.

Oviposition. Females oviposit about three hours after copulation. With a

now partially extended ovipositor the female crawls up a stem in search of

leaf growth where she backs into a bud with developing persistent leaves. The

ovipositor is then fully extended and, after some testing and probing, eggs

are deposited or the female departs to locate another bud. In one instance a

female was observed "testing" a bud, then partially retracted her ovipositor

and left, apparently because eggs were already present on the _ bud.

Observations indicate that only after initial oviposition does the female fly

to other branches or to other plants. By 1100 few females could be found on

the plants although trapping records (Table 3) indicate continued activity

after this time. With flight females become difficult to observe.

The number of eggs in nine virgin females ranged from 263-539 (avg. 410.7).

Gall

Description and development. This persistent leaf series gall is either

monothalamous or polythalmous. The mature form varies from globose to

distinctly irregularly lobed. The surface of the monothalamous galls is

uniform while that of the polythalamous galls (Fig. 3) has both deep and

shallow fissures giving the gall a lobed appearance. The color ranges from

reddish to a common pattern of mottled reddish and greenish to completely

green. The surface is covered with short trichomes. Often, monothalamous and

polythalamous galls are present on the same plant (Table 5) with the latter

usually predominatory. A total of 1185 galls (1166 polythalamous and 19

monothalamous) occurred on a sampled plant at Site 2.

Under the surface layer the gall consists of a spongy mass of interwoven

fibers. Within this fibrous mass near the base of the gall are the

sclerenchymatous larval capsules. A single fiber extends from the upper

portion of each capsule to a small brown spot on the gall surface (Fig. 4).

One hundred fifty galls had a range of 13-45 mm (avg. 26) for their

greatest diameter across the gall from its base. An opposing diameter at the

widest point perpendicular to this diameter ranged from 12-40 mm (avg 20).

18 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Table 4. Numbers of Rhopalomyia pomum adults entrapped hourly in relation to temperature and relative humidity

for 2 days at Sites 2, 3, and 4, Twin Falls Co., Idaho, 1969.

Date Recording 0600 0640 0700 0800 0900 ~=©1000 1100 1200 1300

ee ee ee ee eee ee ee. ee

22 May Males -- -- 14 115 62 2 ] 0 --

Females -- -- 0 0 0 ] 8 5 --

Temperature (°F) 42 -- 48 58 65 71 72 77 --

Relative Humidity (%) 77 -- 67 5] 39 33 31 26 eS

23 May Males = _ 43 53 7 1 0 0 --

Females -- -- 0 Z 2 10 8 a --

Temperature (°F) 48 -- 55 68 72 76 79 82 oe

Relative Humidity (2%) 66 -- 59 42 38 31 3] 28 --

Sites

26 May Males -- 165 -- 45 14 3 0 0 0

Females -- 0 -- RS 8 10 4 5 ]

Temperature (°F) 55 55 as 64 68 73 74 75 as

Relative Humidity(%) 43 43 -- 34 31 29 73 24 --

27 May Males -- 85 -- 98 8 ] 0 0 --

Females -- 0 -- 0 ] ] 0 8 --

Temperature (°F) 55 58 oo 59 57 62 63 66 --

Relative Humdity (%) 43 46 -- 42 45 4] 42 36 --

Site 4

29 May Males -- -- 18 28 4 4 0 0 --

Females -- -- 0 0 0 ] ] 0 --

Temperature (°F) 47 -- 48 57 62 73 ies 15 --

Relative Humidity(%) 40 -- 4] 35 36 19 24 24 --

2 June Males -- -- 19 29 2 0 0 0 --

Females -- -- 0 0 0 ] ] 0 --

Temperature (°F) 48 -- 50 59 68 73 77 76 --

Relative Humidity (%) 54 -- 49 47 34 32 26 25 --

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 19

Developing galls appear as small irregular swellings on either surface

of a persistent leaf (Fig. 5). They have a dense covering of trichomes

which gives them a gray color except for small brown spots on the surface

which are free of trichomes. The galls were first observed on October 23,

1969 at Sites 1, 2 and 3. On March 18, 1970 an increased swelling of some

galls was noted (Fig. 6) while all others appeared unchanged. At this date

no ephemeral leaf development was evident.

Seasonal development was followed only at one location. At Site 1

greatest gall growth occurred during April with maximum size being attained

by the end of the month. At this time the first whorl of ephemeral leaves

was as long as the persistent leaves, stem growth was becoming apparent, and

the galls were conspicuous. Later in May when midge emergence took place

the galls and the persistent leaves had begun to dry and then were shed

during July and August. However, galls in the more sheltered portions of

the crown persisted for a year or more. Observations at other sites

indicated that seasonal development varies with elevation.

Effect on the plant. At four sites where galls were abundant they were

distributed throughout the plant crown (Table 5). The density of plants

varied between these sites and some plants had few if any branches on

certain sides. Plants at Site 4 were quite close with side branches

touching those of neighboring plants while plants at the other sites were

farther apart. Formation of a monothalamous gall affected only the one

persistent leaf while formation of the polythalamous galls damaged the buds

From which 31.02% of the galled leaves originated. This damage (Figs. 3, 7)

resulted in distorted ephemeral leaves and a lack of stem growth. No plant

or branch mortality was found to be the direct results of this gall

Formation.

Associated insects

Curculionidae: Apion sordidum Smith, commonly reared from galls, proved

to be an inquiline. The larvae of this small dark weevil mine through the

fiber mass and pupate in the gall. In rearing containers adults emerged at

the same time as the gall midges or within a week after. One to several

emerged from individual galls. They do not have any apparent adverse effect

on the midges.

Nabidae. Early instar nymphs of Reduviolus alternatus Parshley were

found in most plant materials after a few days in rearing. Six individuals

sere reared and were observed preying on midge pupae as they broke through

the gall surface.

Formicidae. The harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex owyheei Cole, appeared to

be a major predator of the adult midges.

Platygasteridae. Two species, Platygaster utahensis (Ashmead) and

Platygaster sp. A. were reared from galls. The hosts of these parasitoids

vere not identified.

Chalcidoidea. The following parasitoids were commonly reared from

zalls. Torymus aeneoscapus Huber, Tetrastichus sp. and a species of

Miscogasterinae. Their hosts were not identified.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Bannock Co: .5 mi W McCammon, 4719 ft;

Bear Lake Co: 3 mi N Georgetown, 6200 ft (specimen reared); Bingham Co: 15

ni NW Blackfoot; Blaine Co: 3 mi W Carey, 5150 ft (specimens reared); Boise

co: 7 mi S Horseshoe Bend, 4200 ft; 20 mi S Idaho City (specimens reared) ;

Butte Co: 21 mi SW Arco, 6000 ft; 18 mi NE Howe, 5100 ft; Caribou Co: 2.5 mi

E Wayan, 6750 ft; Cassia Co: 8 mi SE Albion, 5350 ft; 4 mi W Almo, 6300 ft

20 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Table 5. Abundance, distribution, and impact of Rhopalomyia pomum galls on five plants at four study sites in

Twin Falls Co., Idaho, 1969.

Crown Diameter Number of Galls Total Destroyed

Site Plant Height Wide Narrow North East South West Center Poly! Mono2 Bud

] #3 54 86 56 97 30 32 27 111 235 62 123

5 62 97 89 40 12 52 63 80 205 102 83

6 62 93 73 14 33 111 NB 186 232 112 7]

7 47 86 62 22 67 38 22 55 94 120 40

9 52 64 55 49 74 37 c 15 32 145 14

2 #1 89 82 36 34 320 415 109 307 1166 19 283

3 84 97 67 39 118 92 23 92 336 28 99

5 71 58 37 NB 70 61 6 198 334 ] 159

6 6] 59 38 13 2 4 18 23 53 2 Las

9 59 63 38° 47 197 NB 16 227 483 4 144

. #] 4] 5] 47 254 148 54 76 186 633 85 142

32 45 ZO 12 NB 9 4 47 71 ] 35

38 42 34 26 15 23 4 57 115 10 37

44 56 Zo 32 9 6 20 10 67 10 20

10 35 42 28 3 12 3 9 8 34 ] 9

4 #1 49 47 26 0 NB 0 0 14 14 0 ]

3 62 12 34 0 0 0 2 4] 37 6 1

5 58 54 26 0 0 0 0 16 15 ] ]

6 49 44 39 0 ] ] 0 20 17 5 6

1 54 64 56 10 31 ] ] 39 72 10 18

sr? >?

NB - No branches in quadrant, Polythalamous Galls, “Monothalamous Galls.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 21

(specimen reared); 2.5 mi SE Basin, 4200 ft; 8 mi SE Malta, 4400 ft; Clark Co:

4 mi NE Argora, 7250 ft; 3.5 mi W Dubois, 5150 ft; 8 mi N Small, 5960 ft;

Custer Co: 4 mi SW Clayton, 5000 ft; Elmore Co: 22 mi N Mt. Home, 4700 ft

(specimens reared), 6 mi. W Hill City, 5400 ft; Franklin Co: 1.5 mi W Dayton,

4750 ft (specimens reared); Gooding Co: 5 mi W Hagerman (specimens reared);

Lemhi Co: 1.5 mi E and 3 mi NE Baker; Lincoln Co: 4 mi W Dietrich, 4000 ft; 25

mi N Shoshone, 4960 ft; 5 mi NE Shoshone, 4700 ft (specimens reared); Madison

Co: 9 mi W Rexburg, 4850 ft; Oneida Co: 6 mi N Stone; Owyhee Co: 6 mi S$

Grasmere, 5450 ft; 20 and 28 mi SW Marsing; 3 mi E Reynolds; 14 mi S Riddle,

5300 ft; Power Co: 14 mi W American Falls, 4400 ft; Twin Falls Co: 11 mi NW

Buhl; 18 mi E Rogerson 5700 ft. (specimens reared); 8 mi SW Rogerson, 6200 ft.

Lower Rock Creek Canyon (specimens reared); Washington Co: 4 mi N Midvale,

2544 ft. NEVADA: Washoe Co: 12 mi SW Reno.

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Butte Co: .5 mi W Arco, 5300 ft;

Franklin Co: 1 mi W Dayton, 4700 ft (specimens reared); Gooding Co: 3 mi SE

Bliss, 3140 ft (specimens reared); 9 mi W Bliss, 3000 ft (specimens reared);

515 mi E Gooding, 3800 ft; Lemhi Co: 3.5 mi E Leadore, 5850 ft; 16 mi N

Salmon, 4000 ft; Lincoln Co: 11.5 mi W Kimama, 4275 ft (specimens reared);

10.5 mi NE Richfield, 4700 ft. (specimens reared); Minidoka Co: 2 mi &£

Acequia, 4200 ft. (specimens reared); Owhyhee Co: 2 mi W Indian Cove, 2850 ft;

Grasmere, 5126 ft; 4 mi NW Murphy, 2800 ft; 2 mi S Riddle, 5300 ft; Twin Falls

Co: 6 mi S Bliss, 11 mi S Hansen, 4300ft (specimens reared); 6 mi NE Twin

Falls, 3700 ft; 5 mi E Twin Falls, 3746 ft (specimens reared); 5.5 mi E Twin

Falls 3650 ft (specimens reared); 23 mi SW Twin Falls, 4950 ft (specimens

reared); MONTANA: Beaverhead Co: 6 mi E Bannock Pass Summit; 12 mi E Bannock

Pass Summit; 17 mi E Bannock Pass Summit; WASHINGTON: Franklin Co: Palouse

Falls State Park.

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Blaine Co: above Galena Summit, 8900 ft

(specimens reared); 15 mi NW Ketchum, 7500 ft; 6 mi S Ketchum, 5500ft

(specimen reared); Camas Co: 5 mi N Fairfield, 5150 ft; 9 mi N Fairfield, 6000

ft; 12 mi S Fairfield, 5450 ft; Cassia Co: Elba-Basin Pass Summit; 8 mi W

Elba, 6350 ft; 7 mi E Oakley; Custer Co: 5 mi NW Galena Summit, 7350 ft

(specimens reared); 8 mi NW Mackay, 6200 ft (specimens reared); Pass Creek

Summit 7633 ft; 2 mi S Stanley, 6100 ft (specimens reared); Gooding Co; 16 mi

N Gooding, 5225 ft; Franklin Co: 3 mi W Dayton 4800 ft (specimens reared);

Oneida Co: 9.5 mi W Malad 5200 ft (specimens reared); 11 mi W Malad; Owyhee

Co: 2 mi N Riddle, 5400 ft (specimens reared); 6 mi N Riddle, 5500 ft; 7 mi

E. Sheaville, Oregon (specimens reared); Twin Falls Co: 15 mi S Hansen, 4525

ft; 17 mi S Hansen, 4725 ft (specimens reared) 21 mi S Hansen, 5240 ft; 22 mi

S. Hansen, 5700 ft (specimens reared); Magic Mt. Ski Area, 6400 ft; 17 mi E

Rogerson, 5700 ft; Valley Co: 6 mi N Cascade, 4700 ft; MONTANA: Beaverhead

Co: 1.7 mi E Bannock Pass Summit

A. tridentata vaseyana f. spiciformis: IDAHO: Camas Co: 11° mi An

Fairfield, 6500 ft (specimens reared); 13 mi N Fairfield, 7000 ft.

Rhopalomyia hirtipomum Gagné, new species

(Bigs, 9, 10,47; 48)

Diagnosis

R. pomum but is

responsible for a slightly different gall. That of hirtipomum is densely

covered with long trichomes, whereas that of R. pomum has short, prostrate,

sparse trichomes on the surface. In addition, galls of the former are always

monothalamous.

Rhopalomyia hirtipomum appears to be anatomically identical to R.

22 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Description

Essentially as for R. pomum. Male genitalia as in Figs. 73-75; pupal head

(Figs. 47-48).

Holotype, male, 1.2 mi W Washtucna, Adams Co., Washington, IV-16-1968,

Artemisia tridentata tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66624.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Overwintering immature larvae were collected on

October 23, 2969 and mature larvae on April 23, 1969 at Site 1 from A. t.

wyomingensis. Emergence of adults in the field was evident on April 28, 1970

at Sites 21 and 22 when both pupae and exuviae were found. In the laboratory,

emergence occurred on April 19 and 20, 1969 from A. t. vaseyana f. xericensis

galls collected on April 8 at Site 27. Midges emerged also on April 20 and

21, 1969 from A. t. wyomingensis galls collected on April 14 and on April 23,

1969 from galls collected on April 21 at Site 21.

Gall

Description and development. This monothalamous gall (Fig. 9) is globose

and quite similar to the monothalamous gall of R. pomum. However, the gall

surface is densely clothed with long trichomes, giving it a fuzzy appearance.

The gall is generally solitary on either the upper or lower leaf surface, but

can occasionally be found in confluent clumps (Fig. 10). Fifty-nine mature

galls were measured: the diameter extending from the gall base ranged from

8-15 mm (avg. 12) and the diameter perpendicular to this ranged from 8-13 mm

(avg. 11).

Developing galls were first found on October 23, 1969 at Site 1 on A. t.

wyomingensis. They appeared as fuzzy swellings with diameters of 1-3 mm on a

persistent leaf surface. The long, dense trichomes were white, while the

surface of the gall was reddish. Galls had the same appearance on A. t.

vaseyana f. xericensis when found at Site 27 on December 29, 1969. At both

sites this appearance persisted until March, when growth resumed. As the gall

grew, their surface coloration gradually changed to gray. Maximum size of the

gall was found to coincide with the presence of pupae and with new stem growth

of approximately 2.5 cm in length. Shedding of the galls occurred in July and

August, at the same time as those of R. pomum.

Effect on the plant. There was no apparent detrimental effect observed

from galls of this species.

Associated insects

Curculionidae. Apion sordidum is an inquiline in the gall of this midge

species. It was reared from galls at most study sites.

Chalcidoidea. Torymus aeneoscapus and fTetrastichus sp. were reared

commonly from galls collected at all study sites.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Bear Lake Co: 9 mi S Dingle, 6300 ft;

Cassia Co: 6 mi W Burley, 4240 ft (specimen reared); Owyhee Co: 27 mi §

Bruneau, 4640 ft; Power Co: 4 mi W American Falls, 4400 ft; Twin Falls Co: 23

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 23

mi SW Twin Falls 4950 ft.

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Owyhee Co: 23 mi SW Grandview

(specimens reared); WASHINGTON: Adams Co: 1.2 mi N Washtucna (holotype, male

and male and 2 females, paratypes).

A. tridentata vaseyana f. spiciformis: IDAHO: Camas Co: 13 mi N

Fairfield, 7000 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana "f. xericensis": IDAHO Washington Co: 8 mi N

Weiser, 2580 ft (specimens reared).

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Gooding Co: 9 mi W Bliss, 3000 ft (2

females, 2 pupae, 2 pupal exuvia; paratypes); 3 mi S Hagerman, 2964 ft (3

males, 3 females, paratypes); Lincoln Co: 12 mi W Kimama, 4275 ft; Twin Falls

Co: 5 mi E Twin Falls, 3746 ft; Balanced Rock (specimens reared); 1 mi E

Balanced Rock (male, paratype); Owyhee Co: 13 mi SE Murphy (2 females, 2 pupal

exuvia, paratypes); Owyhee Co: 4 mi NE Reynolds (male, 5S females, 8 pupae,

paratypes).

Rhopalomyia calvipomum Gagné, new species

(Figs. 8, 45, 46)

Diagnosis

This species is most similar to R. pomum and R. hirtipomum. Unlike those

two species, adults of R. calvipomum have basal trichoid sensilla on the

abdominal sterna and pupae have bifid antennal horns. All three species form

the same general type of gall, but that of R. calvipomum is naked.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.5-3.1 mm. Eyes closely approximate at vertex,

usually less than 1 facet diameter apart. Antenna with 15 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.57-0.60 length node; neck V, 0.61-0.70 length node; neck

VIT, 0.60-0.69 length node. Fused labella hemispherical in frontal view,

sometimes indented mesally, 0-4 setae per labellum. Palpus 2-segmented, the

segments subequal in length but II usually narrow; segment I with 2-4 setae,

segment II with 0-2. Frontoclypeus with 6-16 setae per side. Anepisternum

with 9-15 setae. Claws unidentate. Empodia as long as claws. Abdomen:

tergum III with 17-22 setae per side, V with 19-30, VII with 25-35, and VIII

with 21-30, the 2 groups on segments VII and VIII contiguous mesally; pleura

I-III without setae, IV with 0-2, V with 0-3 and VI with 2-6 and VII and VIII

with 6-15; sterna II-VI usually with trichoid sensillum, occasionally 1 or

more sterna without or with 2, sternum VII with 1, VIII with none; sternum VII

with 37-45 setae in distal group, 28-54 in basal group, these continuous

across the sternum. Genitalia as for R. pomum (Figs. 73-75).

Female. Wing length, 1.7-2.1 mm. Antenna with 14-15 flagellomeres, neck

flagellomeres III, 0.15-0.19 length node; neck V, 0.14-0.18 length node; neck

VII, 0.07-0.14 length node; necks not present beyond VII or VIII. Other head

and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum III with 10-14 setae per

side, V with 23-37, and VII with 22-27, the two lateral groups on VII almost

contiguous mesally; pleura without setae on segments I-IV, pleura V-VI with

1-4, VII with 6-13. Sterna II-VI usually with one trichoid sensillum,

occasionally 0-2; sternum VI with 1, rarely no trichoid sensillum, in which

case preceding sternum with 1; sternum VII with 26-40 setae in distal group

and 23-50 in basal group, the latter generally divided in 2 lateral and 1

24 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

mesal group; tergum VII 0.33-0.36 length distal half of ovipositor, the latter

with elongate, few pronged setulae.

Pupa (Fig. 45-46). Antennal horn bifid, the mesal point slightly shorter

than the lateral and usually hidden in side view. Frons with single pair of

pointed, bilaterally compressed projections.

Holotype, male, 5 mi E Twin Falls, Twin Falls Co., Idaho, IV-14-1969,

Artemisia tridentata tridentata R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66625.

Biology

seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found in newly evident galls or

A. t, wyomingensis at Site 21 on March 23, 1970. Mature larvae were present

at Site 1 on May 9, 1969 on A. t. wyomingensis and at Site 17 on July 11, 196€

on A. t. vaseyana f. spiciformis. Collections of pupae were made on May 14,

1969 from A. t. wyomingensis at Site 1 and on July 11, 1969 from A. t.

vaseyana f. spiciformis at Site 17. In the field, adult emergence from A. t.

wyomingensis was underway on June 1, 1970 at Site 1 and 16 when both pupae anc

pupal exuviae were found. Emergence was completed the previous year at Site ]

before May 28. In 1970 emergence at Site 27 from A. t. vaseyana f. xericensis

was completed sometime prior to June 2.

Gall

Description and development. The mature gall (Fig. 8) is globose tc

irregularly elongate and is similar to that of R. pomum in shape and by having

small brown spots on the surface. It differs by being firmer and having «

smooth surface that lacks trichomes.

One hundred fifty mature galls were measured: the diameter extending fron

the gall base ranged from 9-26 mm (avg. 15) and the diameter of the greatest

width perpendicular to the previous mesaurement ranged from 8-20 mm (avg. 13).

Developing galls were evident on March 23, 1970 at Site 21. They appearec

as a reddish or violet-colored swelling of a persistent leaf. At this time

stem growth had not begun but the first whorls of ephemeral leaves were

developing and expanding. Maximum size of the gall was found to coincide witt

the presence of pupae and with new stem growth approximately 7.5 cm ir

length. Galls fall from the plant in July and August, as do those of R. pomun.

Effect on the plant. Initiation of gall formation causes a deformation of

leaf growth and prevents stem development at the given bud. At sites where

abundant, the galls were found throughout the crown of all host plants, but nc

plant or branch mortality was evident.

Associated insects

Curculionidae. Apion sordidum was reared from galls at most study sites.

Platygasteridae. Platygaster utahensis and Synopeas sp. were reared fror

galls collected from Site 17 on A. t. vaseyana f. spiciformis.

Chalcidoidea. Several undetermined species of Tetrastichus were commonly

reared from galls at nearly all study sites.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata. IDAHO: Bear Lake Co: 9 mi S Dingle, 6300 ft

(specimen reared); Boise Co: 7 mi S Horseshoe Bend, 4200 ft; Cassia Co: 8 m

SE Albion, 5350 ft; Clark Co: 20 mi NW Terreton, 4800 ft (specimen reared):

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 25

Custer Co: 5 mi E Clayton, 5650 ft; 32 mi NW Mackay; Lincoln Co: 4 mi N

Dietrich, 4100 ft (specimens reared); Owyhee Co: 40 mi SE Bruneau; Teton Co: 3

mi S Driggs, 6150 ft (specimens reared); Iwin Falls Co: 11 mi S Hansen, 4300

ft. NEVADA: Elko Co: nr. Dinner Station, Virgil Delegans (specimens reared,

V-14-1969; 1 male, 5 females and 2 pupae, paratypes).

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Owyhee Co: 23 mi SW Grandview; Ada Co:

S mi SE Boise (pupa, paratype).

A. tridentata vaseyana f. spiciformis; IDAHO: Franklin Co: 28 mi NE

Preston, 6850 ft (specimens reared, VII-11-1968; 4 females and 2 pupae,

paratypes).

A. tridentata vaseyana "f. xericensis": IDAHO: Washington Co: 8 mi. N

Weiser, 2580 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Canyon Co: 15 mi S Nampa, 2500 ft;

Elmore Co: 7 mi S Mt. Home, 3000 ft (specimens reared IV-21-1968; male and

pupa, paratypes) 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft (specimens reared IV-21-1968; 3

males and 4 females, paratypes); Gooding Co: 9 mi W. Bliss, 3000 ft (4 pupae,

paratypes); 3 mi S Hagerman, 2964 ft (pupa); Lincoln Co: 12 mi W Kimama, 4275

ft; Twin Falls Co: 5 mi E Twin Falls, 3746 ft (specimens reared V-14-1969;

holotype, male, and 10 males, 10 females, 13 pupae, paratypes); 23 mi SW Twin

Falls, 4950 ft; NE Balanced Rock (pupa).

Rhopalomyia tubulus Gagné, new species

(Pigs, 21,49, 50)

Diagnosis

The pupa of this species is similar to that of R. obovata and R. nucula

except that its frontal projections are not as strong. Adults can readily be

separated from those of the above two species by the l-segmented palpus and

the lack of basal trichoid sensilla on the abdomenal sterna.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.3-2.5 mm. Eyes contiguous at vertex. Antenna with

14-15 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.47-0.53 length node; neck V,

0.43-0.52 length node; neck VII, 0.47-0.58 length node. Labella apparently

not fused, ellipsoid-angular in frontal view, 1-2 setae per labellum. Palpus

l-saegmented, elongate-ovoid, occasionally pointed apically, with 0-3 setae.

Frontoclypeus with 3-4 setae. Anepisternum with 3-7 setae. Claws toothed,

the teeth strong. Abdomen: tergum III with 7-9 setae per side, V with 8-11,

VII with 11-16, and VIII with 8-12, the groups not contiguous mesally; pleura

without setae but with many scales; sterna II-VIII without trichoid sensilla,

sternum VII with 26-30 setae in distal group, 31-38 in basal. Genitalia:

basimere with short basoventral lobe, telomere elongate-ovoid, tapering

gradually from midlength to toothed apex.

Female. Wing length, 1.4-1.8 mm. Antenna with 14-15 flagellomeres, none

with necks. Other head and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum

III with 8-11 setae per side, V with 9-17, and VII with 7-13, setal groups of

terga not contiguous mesally; pleura without setae but with many scales;

sterna II-VII without trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 16-26 setae in

distal group and 14-29 in basal, the latter either continuous across its

sternum or separated into two lateral groups; tergum VII 0.36-0.38 length

distalhalf of ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs. 49-50). Antennal horns long, conical, tapering gradually

from base to pointed apex. Frons with two pairs of projections: a pair of

26 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

transverse ridges immediately caudad of the antennal bases, the anterior

surface concave, the posterior convex; and a pair of pointed, bilaterally

compressed projections laterad of the base of the clypeus.

Holotype, male, 9 mi W Bliss, Gooding Co., Idaho, IV-14-1969, Artemisia

tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66626.

Biology

Seasonal occurence. Adults were reared on April 24, 1969 from galls

collected April 14 at Site 21 and from May 15-19, 1969 from galls collected

May 14 at Site l.

Gall

Description and development. The mature gall is tube-shaped (Fig. 11).

The surface is dark reddish and covered with the same white trichomes as on

the normal leaf surface. The gall has a single larval chamber at the base, is

hollow in the center and has a thin septum near the apex. The hollow portion

is utilized by the pupa to facilitate escape, with the pupal exuvium remaining

at the ruptured apical septum.

In appearance the developing gall differs only in size from that of the

mature gall. Developing galls were found on March 23, 1970 at Site 21 on A.

t. wyomingensis and on March 24 at Site 27 on A. t. vaseyana f. xericensis.

All observable growth occurs during the spring with maximum size of the galls

coinciding with the presence of pupae.

Twenty-three mature galls ranged in length from 2-6 mm (avg. 4.5) with

diameters ranging from 1-2 mm (avg. 1.4).

Effect on plant. Galls were not abundant. Their formation affected only

a small portion of an individual persistent leaf with no observable adverse

effects.

Associated insects

Chalcidoidea. Tetrastichus sp. was reared from galls of R. tubulus and

established as a parasitoid of this midge species.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 6 mi W Burley, 4240 ft (female

and pupa paratypes).

A. tridentata vaseyana "f. xericensis": IDAHO: Washington Co; 8 mi N

Weiser, 2580 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt Home (pupa

paratype); Gooding Co: 9 mi W Bliss, 3000 ft (holotype and male and 2 pupal

exuviae, paratypes); Owyhee Co: 3 mi SW Walter's Ferry (9 males and 8 females,

and 5 pupae paratypes); 4 mi NE Reynolds; Twin Falls Co: 8 mi N Roseworth,

4800 ft; 5 mi E Twin Falls, 3746 ft (2 males, 3 females, and 2 pupal exuvia

paratypes).

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 27

Rhopalomyia rugosa Gagné, new species

Diagnosis

The male of this species is unknown, but the female can be separated from

other tiny Rhopalomyia species with l-segmented palpi and simple claws by the

presence of the trichoid sensillum at the base of sternum VII and by the pupal

antennal horn which has a well-developed basal spur.

Description

Male. Unknown.

Female. Wing length, 1.4-1.5 mm. Eye almost contiguous at vertex, less

than 1/2 eye facet diameter apart. Antenna with 11-12 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III 0.08 as long as node; necks indistinct beyond flagellomere

IV. Fused labellum elliptic triangular, without setae. Palpus l-segmented,

elongate ovoid, without setae. Frontoclypeus with 3-4 setae per side.

Anepisternum with 4-5 setae. Claws simple, empodia slightly shorter than

claws. Abdomen: tergum III with 4-7 setae, V with 7-8, and VII with 8, the 2

caudal groups separated mesally; pleura without setae or scales; sterna II-VI

usually each with 1 basal trichoid sensillum, 2 sometimes present, sternum VII

with 1 basal trichoid sensillum, 14 setae in caudal group, and 8 in basal

group, the iatter separated into 2 lateral groups; tergum VII approximately

0.35 length ovipositor.

Pupa Antennal horn with single apical point and conspicuous basal spur.

Frontal projection present.

Holotype, female, 23 mi S Hansen, Twin Falls Co, Idaho V-9-1968, Artemisia

tridentata vaseyana, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66627.

Biology

Seasonal occurence. Two adults emerged within 2 weeks after galls were

collected May 9, 1989 at Site 6.

Gall

Description. This monthalamous gall develops from the upper surface of a

persistent leaf. The coloration and pubescence of the gall surface is similar

to that of the unaffected leaf. At maturity it is prune-shaped. Internally,

a central cavity is lined with sclerenchyma. Only two galls, both occurring

on the same leaf, were found during this study. They were 4 mm in height and

2 and 3 mm respectively in diameter.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Twin Falls Co: 22 mi S Hansen,

5700 ft (holotype female, and female and pupal exuvia paratypes).

28 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Rhopalomyia hirtibulla Gagné, new species

(Figs. 12, 78, 79)

Diagnosis

This is the only species of those forming small leaf bump or capsule galls

on big sagebrush that has toothed claws. The pupa of R. hirtibulla has bifid

antennal horns, and the frontal projections are either tiny or absent.

Rhopalomyia clinata Gagné, which forms a small, different kind of leaf gall on

Artemisia californica in California also has toothed claws, but its pupa is

quite different because of single-pointed antennal horns and large frontal

projections.

Description

Male. Wing length, 1.7-2.0 mm. Eyes separated at vertex by diameter of 1

eye facet. Antenna with 12-13 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.60-0.70

length node; neck V, 0.67-0.80 length node; neck VII, 0.75-0.82 length node.

Fused labella elliptic-ovoid in frontal view, naked. Palpus 1-segmented,

ovoid to elongate-ovoid, with 0-1 setae. Frontoclypeus with 0-2 setae per

side. Anepisternum with 1-4 setae. Claws strong with strong tooth, the tooth

occasionally bifid. Empodia as long as claws. Abdomen: tergum III with 2-5

setae per side, tergum V with 4-6, VII with 6-8, and VIII with 4-7 the groups

not contiguous mesally; pleura without scales, pleuron VIII with 0-3 setae;

sterna II-VII each usually with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, though

occasionally reduced to 0-1 on one or more sterna, sternum VII with 10-12

setae in caudal group, 12-15 in basal, these more or less continuous across

sternum. Genitalia (Figs. 78-79): basimere short, stout, in profile narrowing

gradually from wide base to slightly narrower apex; telomere short, ovoid,

tooth fairly narrow; sternum X slightly concave apically.

Female. Wing length, 1.2-1.4 mm. Antenna with 10-13 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.04-0.10 length node; neck V, 0.00-0.07 length node; necks

indistinct beyond IV-VII. Other head and thoracic characters as in male.

Abdomen: tergum III with 2-5 setae per side, V with 3-4, and VII with 5-6;

pleura without scales or setae; sterna II-VII usually with basal pair of

trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 9-14 distal setae, 4-7 basal, this group

divided mesally; tergum VII 0.28-0.31 length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa. Antennal horn strongly developed, bifid apically, the inner

projection subequal in length to or slightly shorter than outer projection.

Anterior portion of frons imediately basad of antennal horn in lateral view

raised above general surface of rest of frons; frons with or without short

pair of lateral projections.

Holotype, male, 3 mi N Mt. Home, Elmore Co., Idaho, III-24-1969, Artemisia

tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66628.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found at Site 15 on July 19,

1968 coinciding with the first sign of galls. Larvae were found throughout

the rest of the year with mature larvae present the following spring. Adult

emergence occurred on March 29, 1969 from galls collected March 24 at Site

15. In 1970, emergence occurred from March 27-29 from galls collected March

23.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 29

Gall

Description and development. This small monothalamous gall (Fig. 12)

occurs singly or in small to large confluent groups. The galls are densely

clothed with long trichomes giving them a white fuzzy appearance. The mature

gall is approximately 1 mm in diameter and of equal height. Emergence of the

adult from a central larval chamber results in a small circular hole (Fig. 23)

at the top of the gall.

Developing galls were first observed on July 19, 1968 at Site 15. They

are similar in appearance to the mature galls. Growth was completed between

that date and the end of March of the following year. Old galls remain on the

plant until the persistent leaf series is shed.

Effect on the plant. These galls were always found concentrated on a

small plant or on a single branch of a large plant. Such concentrations of

galls gives the plants, especially those of small size an overall unthrifty

appearance.

Associated insects

Platygasteridae. Platygaster sp. emerged from galls collected at Site 18

and was determined to be a parasitoid of this midge species. Another species

of Platygaster, also a parsitoid, emerged from galls collected at Site 15.

Chalcidoidea. Tetrastichus sp. and a species of Pteromalinae and

Encyrtidae were reared from galls, but their specific association of R.

hirtibulla was not established.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 4 mi W Almo, 6200 ft; Clark Co:

3.5 mi W Dubois, 5150 ft; Custer Co: 5 mi E Clayton, 5650 ft; UTAH: Salt Lake

City (9 females).

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Butte Co: 7 mi E Howe (pupa,

paratype); Cassia Co: City of Rocks (5 males, 3 females and 5 pupae,

paratypes); 4 mi E Idahome, 4400 ft; Lemhi Co: 16 mi N Salmon, 4000 ft;

MONTANA: Beaverhead Co: 17 mi E Bannock Pass Summit.

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Franklin Co: 3 mi W Dayton, 4800 ft; Twin

‘Falls Co: 22 mi S. Hansen, 5700 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft

(holotype, male, and 19 males, 11 pupae, paratypes); Owyhee Co: 3 mi SW

Walter's Ferry.

Rhopalomyia brevibulla Gagné, new species

(Pigevi23 a0, 77)

Diagnosis

This species forms galls similar to those of R. hirtibulla except that

they are not covered by long trichomes. Adults of R. brevibulla have the

tarsal claws simple rather than toothed and quite distinctive male genitalia.

The pupae of these two species are similar.

30 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Description

Male. Wing length, 1.5-1.7 mm. Eyes separated at vertex by slightly more

than the diameter of 1 eye facet. Antenna with 11-12 flagellomeres: neck

flagellomere III, 0.55-0.63 length node; neck V, 0.63-0.70 length node; and

neck VII, 0.55-0.60 length node. Fused labella hemispherical in frontal view,

naked. Palpus l-segmented, ovoid, with 0-1 setae. Frontoclypeus with 2-4

setae per side. Anepisternum without setae. Claws simple, strongly curved.

Empodia as long as claws. Abdomen: tergum III with 1-2 setae per side, V

with 2-3, VII with 2-4, and VIII with 0-3, the groups divided mesally; pleura

naked; sterna without trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 7-10 setae in caudal

group, 7-14 in basal, these evenly distributed across sternum. Genitalia

(Figs. 76-77): basimere only slightly larger basally than apically, unlobed;

telomere elongate-ovoid, the tooth narrow, longer than _ wide, slightly

recumbent; sternum X quadrate.

Female. Wing length, 1.4-1.5 mm. Antenna with 11-12 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.10-0.11 length node; neck V, 0.10-0.12 length node; necks

absent beyond V or VI. Other head and thoracic characters as in male.

Abdomen: tergum III with 0-1 setae per side, V with 2-3, and VII with 3-4;

pleura naked; sterna without trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 8-10 setae

caudally, 5-7 basally; tergum VII ca. 0.40 length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa. Antennal horn weakly bifid, the inner projection shorter than

outer. Anterior portion of frons immediately basad of antennal horns in

lateral view raised above general surface of rest of frons; frons with weak

pair of lateral projections.

Holotype, male, 3 mi N Mt. Home, Elmore Co, Idaho, III-18-1970, Artemisia

tridentata wyomingensis, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66629

Biology

seasonal occurrence. Numerous females were observed ovipositing at 55°F

on A. t. wyomingensis at 1100 hours on March 23, 1970 at Site 15. Their red

eggs were readily found at the base of leaves, in crevices on overwintering

branch tips and on twigs. Galls were collected at this time for laboratory

rearing. Adults emerged over the following two days.

Gall

Description. This small monothalamous gall (Fig. 13) is similar in size

and structure to that of R. hirtibulla. The grayish surface of the mature

gall is clothed with trichomes the same as on the leaf. The galls occur

singly or in large clusters both on the persistent leaf series and stems of

the previous year's growth. Adult emergence holes are similar to those of R.

hirtibulla (Fig. 12). The galls have been found on only one small plant at

the type locality.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home,

3325 ft (2 males, 3 females, 3 pupal exuvia, paratypes).

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 31

Rhopalomyia tumidibulla Gagné, new species

(Pies. Toy Si $2, 80,813

Diagnosis

Rhopalomyia tumidibulla belongs to a large artificial group of species

with l-segmented palpi and simple claws, but the male has a distinctive,

strongly attenuate telomere and the ovipositor is fairly short. The pupal

antennal ‘horns are unique in that they are strongly bifid and have a

ventrobasal spur.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.5-2.6 mm. Eyes separated at vertex by about 1 facet

diameter. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.53-0.62

length node; neck V, 0.59-0.73 length node; neck VII, 0.62-0.76 length node.

Fused labella small, ellipsoid, each labellum with 0 or 1 setae. Palpus

l-segmented, long-ovoid, tapering to apex, bearing O or 1 setae. Claws

simple, strongly curved and well developed. Empodium slightly shorter than

claws. Abdomen: tergum III with 9-11 setae per side, tergum V with 7-21,

tergum VII with 9-13, and tergum VIII with 4-9, the caudal groups of setae not

contiguous mesally; pleura without scales, pleuron VIII with 4-6 setae; sterna

II-VII each with a basal pair of trichoid sensilla; sternum VII with 20-24

setae in distal group, 20-24 in basal group, these continuous across width of

sternum. Genitalia (Figs. 80-81): basimere short, stout, in lateral view

tapering gradually from wide base to apex; telomere long, strongly attenuate

from base to narrow apical tooth; sternum X truncate apically.

Female. Wing length, 1.9. mm. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.09 length node, necks indistinct beyond flagellomere II or

IV. Other head and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum III with

ll setae per side, tergum V with 14-16, and tergum VII with 8-9, the 2 caudal

groups not contiguous mesally; pleura without scales, pleuron VII with 3

setae; sterna II-VII each with 2 basal trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with

19-23 setae in caudal group, 7-8 in basal group which is separated mesally;

tergum VII approximately 0.39 length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs. 51-52). Antennal horn with bifid apical projection and strong

basal spur. Frons with pair of angular, bilaterally compressed projections.

Holotype, male pupa (with enclosed, fully developed male), 3 mi N Mt.

Home, Elmore Co., Idaho, III-18-1970, Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis, R. G.

Jones, USNM Type No. 66630.

Biology

Seasonal occurence. Adults emerged in the laboratory on March 25-26 from

galls that had been collected March 18, 1970. In the previous year's rearing,

they emerged on April 24-25 from galls collected April 22, 1969. Adult

emergence was not observed in the field.

Gall

Description. This monothalamous gall, when mature, consists of a swelling

that is apparent on both surfaces of a persistent leaf (Fig. 15). A

sclerenchymatous larval capsule is located centrally within the leaf

32 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

swelling. Two mature galls measured 3 mm in depth, 3 mm across the leaf

widthand 4 mm along the leaf length.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 4 mi W Almo, 6200 ft (male,

female, paratypes).

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft

(holotye male and 2 males, pupa, and pupal exuvium, paratypes).

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Twin Falls Co: Magic Mt. Ski Area (2

females and pupa, paratypes).

Rhopalomyia spp.

Several minute, capsular, monothalamous leaf galls other than those of the

last three named species were found in this study. They are not named here

because adults either were not reared from them, or two or more apparent midge

species were taken from the same type of gall. The few pupae and males taken

from these galls are distinct from those of the preceding leafgall formers.

The gall types were as follows:

1. An elongate, capsular gall with a very dense coat of short trichomes,

which gives the surface a white appearance (Fig. 14). In clusters the galls

superficially resemble bird droppings. They were found only once on an

unthrifty of A. t. vaseyana plant growing under a juniper tree 4 mi W of Almo,

Cassia Co., Idaho.

2. A gall about 1.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with a thin, translucent

yellow-brown outer wall. This gall was found in April on the leaves of A. t.

vaseyana at the following Idaho localities: Blaine Co: 6 mi S Ketchum, 5500

ft (specimens reared); Camas Co: 12 mi S Fairfield, 5450 ft (specimens

reared); Custer Co: 8 mi NW Mackay, 6200 ft (specimens reared); Twin Falls Co:

22 mi S Hansen, 5700 ft (specimen reared).

3. A similar appearing early spring gall found on one occasion on the bud

axils of new growing branch tips of A. t. wyomingensis, 7 mi S. Mt. Home,

Elmore Co., Idaho and on two occasions in the center of open buds of A.

tridentata, 11.5 mi W Kimama, Lincoln Co., Idaho and 6 mi E. Bannock Pass

Summit, Beaverhead Co., Montana. Only females were reared from these galls.

4. A gall similar in form, size, and structure to the preceding, but

differing in that the translucent wall is sparsely covered with long

trichomes. It was found 17 mi E of Bannock Pass Summit, Beaverhead Co.,

Montana.

5S. A slightly larger leaf gall than the three preceding, and with an

internal sclerenchymatous larval capsule about 1.0 mm in length and 0.5 mm in

diameter. It was found at several localities in Idaho on Artemisia

tridentata: 4 mi W Almo, 6200 ft., Cassia Co. (specimens reared; 3.5 mi W

Dubois, 5150 ft, Clark Co; 3 mi W Dayton, 4800 ft, Franklin Co. and 2 mi E

Acequia, 4200 ft, Minidoka Co (specimens reared).

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 33

Rhopalomyia ampullaria Felt

(Figs. 16,° 17; 53, 54, 82.° 83)

Rhopalomyia ampullaria Felt 1916e:185.

Diagnosis

Rhopalomyia ampullaria is a small species with simple claws, 1l-segmented

palpi, lacking trichoid sensilla on the abdominal sterna, and otherwise

sparsely setose. It is easily separated from its most similar congeners by

the long, unlobed male basimere, narrow-toothed, ovoid telomere, and the

weakly developed claws.

Description

Male. Wing length, 1.7-1.8 mm. Eyes almost contiguous at vertex, less

than 1 facet diameter apart. Antenna with 10-12 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.52-0.62 length node, neck V, 0.52-0.75 length node, neck

III, 0.64-0.71 length node. Fused labella ellipsoid in frontal view, with 0-1

setae per labellun. Palpus l1-segmented, elongate-ovoid, with 0-3 setae.

Frontoclypeus with 1-6 saetae per side. Anepisternum with 2-5 setae. Claws

simple, strongly curved. Empodium approximately as long as claws. Abdominal

tergum III with 3-4 setae; V with 3-7; VII with 4-6; and VIII with 3-4;

lateral groups of setae not contiguous mesally. Pleura without setae but with

scattered sclaes. Sterna II-VIII without trichoid sensilla; sternum VII with

12-15 setae in distal group, 11-14 in basal group, this either broken mesally

or continuous across sternum. Genitalia (Figs. 82-83): basimere tapering

gradually from base to apex, not very setose, not lobed; telomere short,

ovoid, tooth narrow, approximately as wide as long; sternum X truncate, the

leading edge slightly concave.

Female. Wing length, 1.3-1.6 mm. Antenna with 10-13 flagellomeres; necks

on basal flagellomeres either indistinct or less than 0.10 length node. Other

head and thoracic characters as in male. Abdominal tergum III wioth 2-19

setae; V with 4-20; and VII with 3-13; lateral groups of tergal setae not

contiguous mesally. Pleura without setae; distal segments with a few

“scattered scales. Sterna without trichoid sensilla; sternum VII with 6-14

setae in distal group, 6-18 in basal, these separated mesally into two

groups. Tergum VII 0.26-0.30 length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs. 53-54). Antennal horn not greatly produced. Spurs present

ventrobasally. Frons with pair of acute, angular, bilaterally compressed

projections.

Lectotype: here designated, female, reared VII-6-1913, near Salt Lake

City, Utah, ° Artemisia tridentata, “P.: HH.’ ‘Timberlake, C1618, in: * Felt

Collection. Paralectotype: pupal exuvia, same data as lectotype.

Biology

seasonal occurrence. This species has two generations per year. The

summer generation develops in galls principally on ephemeral leaves while the

overwintering generation develops in galls on flower buds.

The eggs of the summer generation were not found. The bright red eggs of

the overwintering generation were present singly or in small clusters of

two-five on the surface of young flower heads, usually protected by the

subtending bract, stem or by another flower head. An average of three eggs

34 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

per cluster occurred at 36 oviposition sites.

Immature larvae of the summer generation were found on A. t. tridentata at

Site 1 on May 14, 1969 when the ephemeral leaf galls were first evident.

Mature larvae were found on July 24, 1969 at Site 13. Immature larvae of the

overwintering. generation were present at Site 13 on September 23, 1969 when

galls in the flower bud were first apparent. This generation reached larval

Maturity by March 19, 1970.

Pupal exuvia were found protruding from leaf galls at Site 13 on July 20,

1969. Midge emergence at this site was then followed through August 5. In

1968 emergence had occurred at the same site sometime between July 26 and

August 13. On both July 20, 1969 and July 26, 1968 the ephemeral leaves of

the sagebrush plants were found to be drying and Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus

(Hook), an associated shrub species, was in early bloom while the flower buds

of C. nauseosus (Pall.), another associated shrub species, were turning

yellow. Field emergence of the overwintering generation was not followed.

Under laboratory conditions, adult emergence from ephemeral leaf galls

collected July 16, 1969 at Site 13 occurred from July 23 through 28.

Emergence began on July 30 and continued through August 5 from galls with

pupae collected on July 23-28. Adult emergence from galls in flower buds

collected at the same site March 19, 1970 occurred from March 27 through 31.

Ninety leaves placed in individual rearing containers had an average of

4.08 galls with a range from 1-22 galls per leaf. Midge or parasitoid

emergence occurred from 107 galls on 44 leaves. Examination of 174 galls on

36 leaves after midge emergence showed the contents of 19 unaccounted for and

83.9% of the midges in the remaining gall had been parasitized.

Three virgin adult females of the summer generation contained from 142-172

eggs (avg. 160.7) and 1 mature female pupa contained 171 eggs.

Emergence. Female emergence on August 1, 1969 at Site 13 began at sunrise

or shortly after 0600 at a temperature of approximately 50°F. The emergence

of one individual was complete in 24 minutes from the time the pupa broke

through the pointed apex of an ephemeral leaf gall. This activity was similar

to that described for R. pomum with the pupal exuvia remaining attached to the

gall. No male emergence was observed.

Male flight. Flight activity of newly emerged males as indicated by

trapping (Table 6) began at about sunrise in temperatures above 50°F. Up to

134 males were caught on a single trap board surface. Flight activity lasted

for approximately 2 hours.

Oviposition. Four ovipositing females were observed at 0850 on August 1

and another at 1045. From the limited observations made, oviposition of R.

ampullaria appears similar to that of R. pomum and differs only in the

specific ovipositional site and in the number of eggs deposited.

Description and development. The monothalamous gall caused by the summer

generation of this midge occurs singly or in confluent groups, predominantly

on the ephemeral leaves (Fig. 16) and only occasionally on flower bracts and

stems (Fig. 17). The mature gall is woody and consists of a rounded base on

one surface of a leaf and a conical portion on the opposite surface. The gall

surface has the same color and dense covering of trichomes as a normal leaf.

A larval chamber is centrally located in the base and is separated by a thin

septum from the conical portion which is hollow. The apex of the conical

portion is membranous. The conical portion of 67 mature galls ranged from 2-7

mn (avg. 4.18) in height and 1-3 mm in width at the leaf surfaces.

Gall

The flower bud gall of the overwintering generation is not readily

visible. The affected buds remain closed during bloom and the gall can be

found only by forcing open the involucral bracts. An elongate

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges a5

Table 6. Numbers of Rhopalomyia ampullaria adults entrapped hourly in relation to temperature and relative

humidity for three days at Site 13, Cassia Co., Idaho, 1969.

Date Recording 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200

29 July Males -- 223 25 3 0 0 0

Females -- 0 Ss 4 3 0 0

Temperature (°F) 62 60 66 70 77 8] 8]

Relative Humidity (%) 64 78 7] 59 §2 4] 50

1 August Males -- 3] eK) ] 0 0 --

Females -- 0 0 ] 0 0 -

Temperature (°F) 50 52 67 73 Fe 79 --

Relative Humidity (%) 49 57 4] 35 26 25 --

5 August Males -- 3 1] 3 0 0 --

Females -- 0 0 0 ] 0 oo

Temperature (°F) 54 54 56 58 63 67 --

Relative Humidty (%) 48 37 34 32 33 30 --

36 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

sclerenchymatous larval capsule with a dense covering of long white trichomes

replaces the flower. During the period of full bloom the capsule is green but

after bloom the gall becomes translucent and colored much like that of the dry

involucral bracts. By the summer following adult emergence, all galls have

dropped from the plant. The few mature galls measured were approximately 2 mm

in length and 1 mm in width.

Developing galls on ephemeral leaves were first observed on May 14, 1969

at Site 1 on A. t. tridentata. At this time new stem growth was about 7.5 cm

in length. Galls had attained maximum size by July 24 coinciding with the

presence of pupae. At that time the old persistent leaves, if present, were

dry, new persistent leaves were well-developed and distinctly tridentate, the

ephemeral leaves were mature and the flower heads of Chrysothamnus

viscidiflorus were yellow but not open. The galls persist on the plants for

only a short time after adult emergence. By the first of September during

early bloom the ephemeral leaves become dry and are shed.

Effect on the plant. Although most ephemeral leaves on many plants at

Site 13 had one to many galls, the plants appeared thrifty. The development

of galls in the flower buds prevent flower and seed formation.

Associated insects

Chalcidoidea. Several parasitoid species were reared from the galls,

including TIorymus koebelei (Huber), Tetrastichus sp., a species of

Pteromalinae and a species of Encyrtidae.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

A. tridentata: UTAH: Salt Lake City (Type-series ampullaria).

Artemisia tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 4 mi W Almo, 6200 ft

(specimens reared); Lincoln Co: 11.5 mi W Kimama, 4275 ft; TIwin Falls Co: 11

mi S Hansen, 4300 ft; 5 mi E Twin Falls, 3746 ft; 23 mi SW Twin Falls, 4950 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 4 mi W Almo, 6200 ft (specimens

reared); 8 mi W Almo, 6300 ft; 8 mi W Elba, 6350 ft; Twin Falls Co: 21 mi S

Hansen, 5240 ft; 17 mi S Hansen, 4725 ft; 22 mi S Hansen, 5700 ft

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 4 mi W Almo 6200 ft.

Rhopalomyia culmata Gagné, new species

(Fig. 18)

Diagnosis

This medium-sized species shows a resemblance to R. cramboides and other

bud gallmakers on the basis of toothed claws, one-segmented palpus, and shape

of the pupal head. However, the male genitalia are similar to those of R.

obovata and R. nucula.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.4-2.6 mm. Eyes separated at vertex by less than 1

facet diameter. Antenna with 14 flagellomeres. Fused labella

short-ellipsoid, 0-2 setae per side. Palpus l1-segmented with 0-2 setae.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 37

Frontoclypeus with 4-10 setae per side. Anepisternum with 3-4 setae. Claws

toothed. Empodia slightly shorter than claws. Abdomen: tergum III with

12-13 setae per side, V with 12-14, VII with 11-13, and VIII with 10-14 setae,

the setal groups not contiguous mesally; pleura I-II with many scales, III-VII

naked, VIII with 5-8 setae, sterna II-VII with basal pair of trichoid

sensilla, sternum VII with 18 setae in caudal group, 21 in basal, these

continuous across sternum. Genitalia: basimere short with large basoventral

lobe; telomere widest at about midlength, truncate apically, the tooth short,

narrow; sternum X truncate.

Female. Wing length, 2.0 mm. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, their necks

indistinct beyond VIII-IX. Other head and thoracic characters as in male.

Abdomen: tergum III with 9-16 setae per side, V with 13-16, and VII with

8-11; pleura I-II with many scales, other pleura naked; sterna II-VII each

with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 16-17 setae in caudal

group, 16-18 in basal, these continuous across’ sclerite; tergum VII

approximately 0.40 length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa. Antennal horns short, the posteroventral corner weakly produced.

Frons with short ridge immediately caudad of each antennal horn and with pair

of triangular projections lateral of clypeal base.

Holotype, male, 3 mi N Mt. Home, Elmore Co., Idaho, IV-18-1972, Artemisia

tridentata wyomingensis, Barr, Gagné and Gillespie, USNM Type No. 66631.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Pupal exuvia were found on a gall on May 27, 1969 at

Site 3. Adults were reared April 21-26, 1972 from galls collected April 18 at

Site 15.

Gall

Description and development. This monothalamous gall appears to be

associated with one of the first ephemeral leaves that develop in the bud.

The mature gall consists of a long, thin erect stalk with an enlarged apex

made up of the fused lobes of the leaf tip (Fig. 18) surrounding a

sclerenchymatous larval capsule. Some galls have a whorl of spatulate leaves

at the base of the stalk. Two galls that were measured had stalks 10 mm long

and the enlarged apical portions 5 mm long by 2 mm wide.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Twin Falls Co: 23 mi SW Twin

Falls, 4950 ft (pupal exuvia).

A. tridentata vaseyana "f. xericensis": IDAHO: Washington Co: 8 mi N

Weiser, 2580 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft

(holotype, male, and male, 3 females, and 5 pupal exuvia, paratypes).

Rhopalomyia gossypina Gagné, new species

(Figs; 19, 20; 84, 85)

Diagnosis

This species has a l1-segmented palpus and toothed claws as do most

38 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

sagebrush midges. The pupa has short antennal horns and frontal projections

similar to many of the other bud gall makers, but the large basal lobe of the

male basimere sets R. gossypina apart. The pointed palpus with its many setae

arranged around the apex is also distinctive for the adult.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.4-2.7 mm. Eyes contiguous at vertex. Antenna with

16-17 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.67-0.72 length node; neck V,

0.76-0.80 length node; neck VII, 0.73-0.77 length node. Fused. labella

hemispherical in frontal view, usually with apical indentation; each labellum

with 5-10 setae. Palpus l1-segmented, elongate-ovoid, usually tapering

abruptly to pointed apex, with 5-13 setae near apex. Frontoclypeus with 5-7

setae per side. Anepisternum with 8-13 setae. Claws strong, toothed, the

teeth small and narrow. Empodia as long as claws. Abdomen: tergum III with

15-21 setae per side, V with 22-26, VII with 20-28, and VIII with 16-31,

scales interspersed with setae on terga VII and VIII and a few on disk of

VIII; pleura II-V with 0-1 seta, VI with 304 setae, VII with 5-0, and VIII

with 9-15, scales numerous on pleura VI-VII, occasional on others; sterna

TI-Vii each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 21-27 setae

in distal group and 31-39 in basal, the latter group continuous across the

sternum. Genitalia (Figs. 84-85): basimere in lateral view with very large

basal lobe; telomere elongate-ovoid, tooth wide; sternum X margin truncate to

slightly concave.

Female. Wing length, 1.8-2.0 mm. Antenna with 15-16 flagellomeres, necks

indistinct. Other head and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum

III with 15-21 setae per side, V with 15-22, and VII with 16-20, the two

groups on tergum VII contiguous mesally or nearly so; pleura I-V naked, VI

with 0-1 setae, VII with 2-4, and VIII with 7-8, the two last segments with a

few scales; sterna II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, ssternum

VII with 27-34 setae in distal group and 11-14 in basal group which is divided

mesally; tergum VII 0.35-0.38 length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa. Antennal horn short, the apex projecting ventrally. Frontal

projections short.

Holotype, male, 2 mi E Acequia, Minidoka Co., Idaho, IX-11-1969, Artemisia

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. In the field, adults began emergence prior to

September 15, 1969 at Site 24. Emergence was still in progress on September

23. Adults were reared for two consecutive years from galls collected at Site

24. Emergence from galls collected September 6, 1969 occurred from September

10-16, but no emergence took place from an August 26 collection of galls.

Emergence from galls collected September 11, 1969 occurred from September

13-20.

Individual rearing of 50 galls from the 1969 collection indicates a

similar emergence phenomenon to that of R. pomum. Only male midges emerged

from 12 galls and only females from another 12 galls. Both males and females

emerged from only 3 galls. Because many galls did not have an adults emerge,

all SO galls were subsequently dissected. The galls each contained from 1-19

sclerenchymatous larval capsules (avg. 4.4). The contents of 216 of the

capsules were accounted for with midges having emerged from 34.3% and

parasitoids in or emerged from 65.7%.

A large number of galls with emerging midges was placed in three cages

each containing a potted A. t. tridentata plant. These plants were

transferred to a greenhouse in late October 1969. On January 20, 1970 four

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 39

galls were found developing on one of the plants. These galls were typical of

those found in the field.

Emergence. Daily activity begins with emergence of the adult from the

gall. Emergence is similar to that of R. pomum differing only in that the

pupae wiggle through the long trichomes after breaking from the capsule. The

pupal exuvia remain attached to these trichomes (Fig. 19).

At Site 24 female emergence began about two hours after sunrise at 40°F

on September 15. No males emerged. Females began emerging at sunrise on

September 18, 1969 at approximately SO°F while earlier males were observed

clinging to foliage.

Male flight. Each morning, a flight of newly emerged males coincided with

female emergence (Table 7). The males flew about the gallbearing branches in

search of females, mating, and then flying on. This activity was similar to

that of R. pomum. Males occurred singly or in mating groups of 2-4. While

most activity was completed within two hours, a few males were observed in

flight more than three hours after these activities had begun. One male began

flight at 45°F but all other observed flight was at SO°F or above. The

wind was generally calm during the study period.

Mating. Females were ready to mate after their wings expanded. Females

mated once, whereas males were observed to mate with more than one female.

The copulatory position was similar to that of R. pomum with 12 pairs

copulating for periods ranging from 11 to 25 seconds (avg. 17.9). After

copulation the females retracted their ovipositors and then rested on the

foliage.

Oviposition. Oviposition activites begin with the female crawling to the

buds and ovipositing quite like the female of R. pomum. With the first egg

mass deposited, the female flies to a nearby branch or another plant. On

September 18 at Site 24, three females that had emerged about 0730 and mated

about 0820, began ovipositing about 1000. Few females were observed by 1200

each day, and none was seen by 1300. The bright red eggs of this species were

found on one occasion in masses between the bases of two persistent leaves on

the outside surface of developing leaves in the bud. Ten egg masses contained

from two to 65 eggs, with an average of 42 per mass. Three virgin adult

females contained 115-250 eggs (avg. 187) and one mature female pupa contained

208 eggs.

Gall

Description and development. This gall is a composite growth of the

branch tips and buds (Fig. 19). At maturity it consists of 2-4 short,

malformed, developing stems that are grouped in a globose mass of white

trichomes from which green leaves protrude. The surface of these stems is

densely clothed with white trichomes which are longer than the linear leaves

arising from these stems. Hidden by the dense trichome mass, sclerenchymatous

larval capsules are on the axis of the stems. These capsules are elongate

cylinders with a rounded apex and a thin hard wall. The galls are generally

found concentrated on one branch.

Fifty mature galls ranged in height from 8-15 mm (avg. 11.68). Their

width ranged from 8-16 mm (avg. 12.88). Five of the larval capsules were

approximately 2 mm in height and 1 mm in width.

Early development of this gall was noted on June 5, 1969 at Site 24. The

immature gall is recognized as a mass of white trichomes subtended by a whorl

of developing ephemeral leaves at the tip of a developing stem. At this time

the normal stems were up to 20 cm in length, the flower branches were not yet

distinctive, and the persistent leaves were just out of the bud. The galls

increase in size during the summer and reach what appears to be maximum size

in late August when the ephemeral leaves begin to dry. The galls remained

Table 7. Numbers of Rhopalomyia gossypina adults entrapped hourly in relation to temperature and relative

humidity for three days at Site 24, Minidoka Co., Idaho, 1969.

Date

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

Recording

15 September

17 September

18 September

Males

Females

Temperrature (°F)

Relative Humidity (%)

Males

Females

Temperature (°F)

Relative Humidity (%)

Males

Females

Temperature (°F)

Relative Humidity (%)

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 41

unchanged in appearance after adult emergence and throughout the winter. The

following spring the trichomes on the gall surface become drab. The old galls

persist up to two years and perhaps longer in sheltered parts of the plant.

Effect on the plant. All the seasonal growth from a branch tip is

utilized in gall formation with exception of the first ephemeral leaves. When

galls are present in large concentrations on the plant, branch or even plant

mortality occurs.

Most of the branches of one plant observed during the summer of 1968

carried old or developing galls. The following season the few remaining

healthy branches had developing galls and all the other branches were devoid

of foliage (Fig. 20).

Associated insects

Curculionidae. One specimen of Apion sordidum emerged on September 29

from one of the 50 galls placed in rearing on September 11, 1969.

Tephritidae. Oxyna palpalis (Coquillett) was reared from galls collected

at three of the four sites where R. gossypina occurred. The exception was

Site 3. The larvae burrow in the basal region of the gall. No apparent

damage occurred to the midge chambers, but most feeding takes place after

midge emergence.

Platygasteridae. Platygaster sp. was found to parasitize the midge. This

species emerged in rearing concurrent with midge emergence and for about a

week after.

Chalcidoidea. Several species including Torymus aeneoscapus were reared

from the galls. Some are known to have parasitized R. gossypina but

associations of the others are unknown.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Butte Co: 7 mi E Howe; Cassia

Co: 2.5 mi SE Basin, 4200 ft; Lincoln Co: 10.5 mi NE Richfield, 4700 ft;

Minidoka Co: 2 mi E Acequia, 4200 ft (holotype and 26 males, 19 females, and 3

pupal exuvia, paratypes); Twin Falls Co: 23 mi SW Twin Falls, 4950 ft.

Artemisia tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Blaine Co: Big Wood River, 10 mi

_SE Bellevue.

Rhopalomyia lignea Gagné, new species

(Fies,:21, 55,..56)

Diagnosis

The pupal antennal horns of R. lignea are the longest of all the A.

tridentata gall midges but are similar to those of R. betheliana Cockerell, a

species reared from A. frigida in Colorado. These two species are similar in

other respects also in the lack of projections on the pupal frons and the

sparse setae, l-segmented palpi, and number of flagellomeres of the adults.

They are readily separated by the relative length of the pupal pronotal setae

which are much shorter in R. lignea and by the fact that the claws are toothed

in R. lignea, simple in R. betheliana.

42 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Description

Male. (only teneral specimens available). Antenna with 15

flafellomeres. Fused labella with one pair of setae. Palpus 1l-segmented,

elongate-ovoid, setose. Frontoclypeus with three setae per side. Claws each

with small tooth. Empodia approximately as long as claws. Abdomen: tergum

III with 18 setae, V with 17, VII with 14, and VIII with _; pleura naked;

sterna II-VII each with two basal trichoid sensilla. Genitalia: basimere

wide at base, tapering gradually to narrower apex; telomere ovoid, the tooth

wide; sternum X truncate apically.

Female. Eyes almost contiguous at vertex. Antenna with 14 flagellomeres;

neck flagellomere III, 0.06 length node; neck V, 0.04 length node; neck

indistinct beyond flagellomere V. Fused labella with two pairs of setae.

Palpus as in male. Frontoclypeus with four setae per side, V with 15, and VII

with 8, the lateral groups not contiguous mesally; pleura naked; sterna

II-VilI each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 16 setae

in distal group, 15 in basal, the latter divided mesally; tergum VII

approximately 0.33 length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs.55-56). Antennal horns very long, tapering gradually to apex.

Frons smooth. Pronotal setae short.

Holotype: male pupa, 8 mi NW Mackay, Custer Co., Idaho, III-22-1968,

Artemisia tridentata vaseyana, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66633.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Adults emerged from galls in the laboratory within

two weeks of their collection on April 22, 1968 at Site 14.

Gall

Description. This bud gall (Fig. 21) is a confluent mass of swollen leaf

rudiments which are green and densely covered with trichomes. Each leaf

rudiment tapers from a broad base to a blunt apex, becomes woody at maturity,

has a single larval chamber at the base, is hollow in the center, and has a

thin septum at the apex that bears a mass of long trichomes. The hollow

portion is utilized by the pupa to facilitate escape. The pupal exuvium

remains at the ruptured septum. The old galls persist on the plant

indefinitely. Three mature galls had a respective length of 8, 6, and 8 mm

with a basal width of 4, 4, and 6 mm.

Effect on the plant. The formation of these galls marked the end of any

normal growth from the buds. However, these galls were never abundant enough

to cause any significant damage to sagebrush plants.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Twin Falls Co: 11 mi S Hansen,

4300 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Custer Co: 1 mi NW Mackay, 6200 ft

(IV-22-1968, holotype, male pupa, and 1 male pupa and 1 female, paratypes); 2

mi N Riddle, 5400 ft.; Twin Falls Co: 17 mi E Rogerson, 5700 ft.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges | 43

Rhopalomyia sp. near lignea

(Fig. 22)

Diagnosis

The two females (the only available specimens) resemble those of R. lignea

by their large size (2.0-2.1 mm), l-segmented palpus, weak-toothed claws, and

presence of a basal pair of trichoid sensilla on each of the abdominal sterna

II-VII. Because their galls are distinct from those of R. lignea we are

treating this as a separate species. We lack males and pupae to make proper

comparisons, and thus it is not being named at this time.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found at Site 23 on August 28,

1969, in newly developing galls. Adults emerged April 20 and 21, 1969 from

galls collected at that site on April 19.

Gall

Description. This reddish gall (Fig. 22) with a sparse trichome covering

is generally similar to that of R. lignea. It occurs singly or in a confluent

mass of leaf rudiments. It is elongate with a broad base and tapering to a

blunt apex, which has a prominent swelling. A larval chamber is present at

the base and the center is hollow. As with R. lignea the hollow portion is

utilized in emergence. |

Developing galls were first found on August 28, 1969 at Site 23. The

galls reached maximum size prior to the presence of pupae on April 17, 1969.

With maturity the galls are woody and persist on the plant for many years

after adult emergence. Three mature galls from A. t. tridentata had a length

of 5 mm and a basal width of 3 mm while a fourth was 6 mm long with the same

width.

Effect on the plant. All growth from the bud is utilized in gall

formation; however, the galls were never abundant or concentrated so no

overall detrimental effect was observed.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 6 mi. NE Malta, 4400

ft; Lemhi Co: 16 mi N Salmon, 4000 ft; Lincoln Co: 11.5 mi W Kimama, 4275 ft

(IV-20-1969, 2 females); 10.5 mi NE Richfield, 4700 ft; Minidoka Co: 2 mi E

Acequia, 4200 ft.

44 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Rhopalomyia lignitubus Gagné, new species

(Figs. 23, 24)

Diagnosis

This species is most similar to R. gossypina in its l-segmented palpus,

toothed claws, and large-lobed basimere; however, the palpal setae are not

clustered near the apex of the palpus and the tarsal claws are more strongly

developed in R. lignitubus than they are in R. gossypina. Both species have

pupae that are similar to most of the other large bud gallmakers.

Description

Male. Wing length, 3.1 mm. Eyes less than 1 facet diameter apart at

vertex. Antenna with 17 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.50 length

node; neck V, 0.53 length node; neck VII, 0.55 length node. Fused labella

hemispherical in frontal view with apical indentation, 1-3 setae per

labellum. Palpus l-segmented, elongate-ovoid to fusiform, with 2-5 setae.

Anepimeron with 11-13 setae. Claws toothed, teeth strong; empodia as long as

claws. Abdomen: tergum III with 18-19 setae per side, V with 24-28, VII with

17-24, and VIII with 15-25; pleura I-V naked, VI-VIII with 1-6 setae, and VIII

with 11-14 setae and several scales; sterna JII-VII each with basal pair of

trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 30-48 setae in distal group, 36-45 in

basal. Genitalia: basimere short with large mesoventral lobe; telomere ovoid

with wide tooth; sternum X truncate apically.

Female. Wing length 1.9 mm. Antenna with 13-15 flagellomeres; necks

flagellomeres III, V, VII, 0.05-0.10 length respective nodes; necks indistinct

beyond VII-VIII. Anepimeral setae, 3-4. Other head and thoracic characters

as in male. Abdomen: tergum III with 12-14 setae per side, V with 12-19, and

VII with 17-25; pleura I-V naked, VI-VII with 1-7 setae and no scales; sterna

II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 27-32 setae

in caudal group, 5-14 in basal, the latter group separated mesally; tergum VII

0.36 length distal half ovipositor.

Pupa. Antennal horns short, simple, with short caudoventral prominences.

Frons with ridges immediately caudal of antennal horns and with pair of small

projections lateral of clypeal base.

Holotype, male, 6 mi W Burley, Cassia Co, Idaho, IV-22-1968, Artemisia

tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66634.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found at Site 27 on March 8,

1970 coinciding with the first sign of gall development. Pupae were found on

May 14, 1969 at Site 1 on A. t. tridentata and at Site 4 on May 29, 1969 on A.

t. vaseyana. Adults emerged May 19, 1969 from galls collected on May 14 at

Site 1. A pupal exuvium was found at the apex of each gall's hollow portion.

Gall

Description and development. This bud gall (Fig. 23) develops in the

spring when plant growth begins. It is green and appears to be made up of a

series of fused leaves that form a woody, hollow structure that is open

apically. The inner surface of the gall is densely clothed with long

trichomes while the outer surface is covered with shorter trichomes. The base

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 45

of the gall contains a single larval chamber. Some developing galls (Fig. 24)

are short and dark reddish. After adults emergence the woody gall dries and

persists on the plant for a year or longer.

Eighteen mature galls from A. t. vaseyana "f. xericensis" and A. t.

wyomingensis ranged in length from 10-19 mm (avg. 12). The basal diameter

ranged from 4-6 mm (avg. 4). Three galls from A. t. tridentata had respective

lengths of 15, 17 and 25 mm and all with a basal diameter of 3 mm.

Effect on the plant. This gall formation ends normal growth from a bud

but was never found abundant enough to cause branch mortality.

Associated insects

Chalcidoidea. A species of Tetrastichus was reared from this gall type.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 6 mi W Burley, 4240 ft

(holotype, male, and pupal exuviam, paratype); Gooding Co: 9 mi W Bliss, 3000

ft; Twin Falls Co: 5 mi E Twin Falls, 3746 ft (male, female, paratypes).

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Lincoln Co: 11.5 mi W Kimama, 4275 ft;

Owyhee Co: Hot Creek Falls (3 pupae, paratypes).

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Twin Falls Co: 17 mi S Hansen, 4725 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana "f. xericensis": IDAHO: Washington Co: 8 mi N

Weiser, 2580 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft

(3 pupae paratypes); Gooding Co: 9 mi NW Bliss (pupa, paratype); Lincoln Co:

12 mi W Kimama (pupa, paratype); Owyhee Co: 3 mi SW Walter's Ferry (2 pupae,

paratypes); Twin Falls Co: 8 mi N Roseworth, 4800 ft (female, paratype).

Rhopalomyia cramboides Gagné, new species

(Fras. 25, 26; . 57,58, 66, 87)

Diagnosis

Rhopalomyia cramboides is a fairly large species with l-segmented palpi

and toothed claws. The pupa resembles that of R. gossypina and R. anthoides,

two other species that are responsible for cabbage-like galls on Artemisia

plants. The three species differ from one another mainly in the male

genitalia: R. cramboides has a small basimeral lobe unlike the large one

found in R. gossypina and a short-ovoid, wide-toothed telomere as compared to

the humpbacked, narrow-toothed one of R. anthoides.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.5-2.9 mm. Eyes less than 1 facet diameter apart at

vertex. Antenna with 13-14 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.74-0.81

length node; neck V, 0.77-0.81 length node; neck VII, 0.76-0.84 length node.

Fused labella small, hemispherical in frontal view, 0-4 setae per labellum.

Palpus l-segmented, elongate-ovoid, with 0-3 setae. Frontoclypeus with 2-5

setae per side. Anepimeron with 4-7 setae. Claws toothed, tooth weak.

Abdoment: tergum III with 6-10 setae per side, V with 7-13, VII with 10-17,

and VIII with 6-12, and few scales interspersed with setae on the last, and

the 2 setal groups not contiguous; pleura II-VI naked, VII with 2-3 setae, and

46 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

VIII with 6-8 setae and several scales; sterna II-VII each with bsal pair of

trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 22-28 setae in distal group and 24-30 in

basal. Genitalia (Figs. 86-67): basimere long, tapering fairly gradually

from wide base to narrower apex, with small, distinct lobe at distal

two-thirds; telomere elongate-ovoid, tooth wide; sternum X concave apically.

Female. Wing length, 1.4-1.8 mm. Antenna with 11-13 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.19-0.22 length node; necks V, VII 0.18-0.21 length node;

necks indistinct or absent beyond IX. Other head and thoracic characters as

in male. Abdomen: tergum III with 3-5 setae per side, V with 7-9, and VII

with 6-8, the setal groups not contiguous mesally, pleura II-VI naked, VII

with 0.2 setae and no scales; sterna II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid

sensilla, sternum VII with 10-15 setae in distal group and 14-17 in basal, the

second group divided into three distinct subgroups; tergum VII 0.28-0.31

length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs. 57-58). Antennal horns short, the posteroventral corner

weakly produced. fFrons with short ridge present immediately caudal of each

antennal horn and with small pair of frontal projections lateral of base of

clypeus.

Holotype, male, 4 mi W Almo, Cassia Co., IV-22-1969, Artemisia tridentata

vaseyana, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66635.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Pupae were collected on April 22, 1969 at Site 13.

At this time the first pair of ephemeral leaves was developing but not yet

separate in the bud. In the field adults had emerged by May 6, 1969 at Site

13, and pupal exuviae were still attached to the galls. Adults emerged on

April 24, 1969 from galls collected on April 22 at the same site. The

earliest collections of immature larvae were on June 2, 1969 at Site 4 and

June 30, 1969 at Site 13.

Galls with emerging adults were caged with three individually potted

plants of A. t. vaseyana on April 25, 1969. By early September, five galls,

similar in appearance to galls found in the field, were found developing on

one plant. No gall development occurred on the other plants.

Gall

Description and development. This gall develops from the buds forming on

new stem growth. It has a broad base made up of several whorls of fused and

stunted leaves subtended by a pair of normal ephemeral leaves (Fig. 25). The

outermost leaves are as wide as long while the inner leaves are oblong. The

gall is green and normally covered with trichomes. The sclerenchymatous

larval capsules in the mature gall are located at the bases of the innermost

leaves at the stem apex. These galls are commonly found in clusters on a

single branch.

Fifty mature galls had a width (diameter at widest point) ranging from

5-12 mm (avg. 9) and a height (base of gall to leaf apices) ranging from 5-12

mn (avg. 8). There are 1-8 sclerenchymatous capsules per gall (avg. 3).

The developing galls, containing early instar larvae, differ from mature

galls only in size. The gall usually attains maximum size by winter although

some growth may occur in the following spring. After midge emergence the

galls begin to dry and within a year the leaves are lost but the galls persist

indifinitely as dark, woody bodies on branch tips of the plants.

Effect on the plant. A large concentration of galls on a branch causes

branch mortality (Fig. 26). Although no plant mortality was observed, several

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 47

plants had lost half or more of their main branches.

Associated insects

Tephritidae. Oxyna palpalis was a common inhabitant of these galls at

Site 13. Larvae occurred from at least August 1968 until May 1969 in the

developing galls. On June 14, 1968 approximately 40 of 100 galls from which

midges had emerged contained prepupa or pupa of this species. Only one gall

was found where apparent damage to the midge larvae occurred.

Chalcidoidea. Several species were reared from this gall type, including

Torymus aeneoscapus, Tetrastichus sp. and a species of Pteromalinae. We could

not establish which were parasitoids of the midge and which were associated

with O. palpalis.

Platygasteridae. Platygaster sp. emerged from a gall collected on A. t.

tridentata at Site 9 but from no other collections. é

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Bear Lake Co: 12.4 mi E Montpelier, 6350

ft; Cassia Co: City of Rocks (female, paratype); Clark Co: 4 mi NE Argora;

Teton Co: 3 mi S Driggs, 6150 ft; Twin Falls Co: 18 mi E Rogerson, 5700 ft.

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Butte Co: .5 mi E Arco, 5300 ft (2

females, paratypes); Minidoka Co: 2 mi E Acequia, 4200 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 4 mi W Almo, 6200 ft.

(holotype, male, and 7 males, and pupa, paratypes); Twin Falls Co: 17 mi §$

Hansen, 4725 ft (specimens reared); 22 mi S Hansen, 5700 ft; Rock Creek Canyon

(3 males, pupal exuviam, paratypes).

Rhopalomyia anthoides Gagné, new species

(Figs. 27, 28, 88, 89)

Diagnosis

The bud galls of R. anthoides superficially resemble those of R.

florella. The adults however, are quite different in the shape of the male

genitalia; also the tarsal claws are toothed in R. anthoides and single in R.

florella. Adults are similar to those of R. culmata, which makes a gall on

the ephemeral leaves.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.6-2.9 mm. Eyes less than 1 facet diameter apart at

vertex. Antenna with 15-16 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.61-0.65

length node; neck V and VII, 0.62-0.70 length node. Fused labella elipsoid,

lmost triangular, in frontal view, each labellum with 2-4 setae. Palpus

l-segmented, elongate-ovoid, with 1-2 setae. Frontoclypeus with 4-7 setae per

side. Mesanepimeron with 7-15 setae. Claws toothed, the teeth occasionally

bifid. Empodia slightly shorter than claws. Abdomen: tergum III with 11-21

setae per side, V with 11-20, VII with 12-19, and VIII with 11-15, the two

groups on VIII contiguous mesally; pleura I-VII naked, VIII with 5-8 setae and

a few scattered scales; sterna II-VII each basal pair of trichoid sensilla,

sternum VII with 20-25 setae in distal group, 18-33 in basal, these continuous

across sternum. Genitalia (Figs. 88-89): basimere short, stout, tapering

48 Contrib. Amer: Ent. Inst.,/v6l.:21, ne: 1;-1983

gradually from base to apex; telomere large, elongate-cylindrical, tooth

narrow, longer than wide; sternum X truncate.

Female. Wing length, 2.3-2.9 mm. Antenna with 15-17 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.20-0.30 length node; neck V, 0.14-0.26 length node; neck

VII, 0.12-0.21 length node; necks indistinct beyond VIII-IX. Other head and

thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum III with 10-20 setae per

side, V with 12-21, and VII with 8-16; pleura I-VI naked, VII with 4-6 setae

and no scales; sterna II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla;

sternum VII with 19-28 setae in distal group and 14-36 in basal the latter

group usually divided mesally; tergum VI 0.34-0.42 length distal half

ovipositor.

Pupa. Antennal horns short, the posteroventral corner weakly produced.

Frons with short ridge present immediately caudal of each antennal horn and

with small pair of frontal projections lateral of clypeal base.

Hologype, male, 3 mi N Mt. Home, Elmore Co., Idaho, III-24-1969, Artemisia

tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66636.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found June 10, 1968 at Site 15

coinciding with the first sign of gall development. The larvae appeared to

have reached maturity by late November or early December and completely filled

their individual sclerenchymatous capsules.

In the field, adults had emerged before April 14, 1969 at Site 15 from A.

t. wyomingensis. Adults emerged from March 21 to 26, 1970 from galls

collected at the above site on March 18 and or March 28-29 from galls

collected at Site 6 on A. t. vaseyana.

Gall

Description and development. This bud gall has a seasonal occurrence

similar to that of R. cramboides. In appearance it differs by being longer

and less rounded and in structure by having the leaves composing the rosette

more linear. In addition, the long outer leaves surround the shorter leaves

of the gall base. All leaves of this gall on A. t. wyomingensis have a

proliferation of long trichomes especially at their base (Fig. 27) while the

leaves on A. t. vaseyana gall have a trichome proliferation only on the inner

leaves (Fig. 28).

Eighty-four mature galls from A. t. wyomingensis at Sites 15 and 16 had a

basal diameter ranging from 4-15 mm (avg. 8) and a height (length of outer

leaves) ranging from 5-17 mm (avg. 11). Fifty-nine of these galls had 1-49

sclerenchymatous larval capsules (avg. 4).

Developing galls differ from mature galls mainly in size. Maximum size of

the gall appears to be attained by winter. Following adult emergence in

spring the galls dry out and darken in color but persist on the plant a year

or longer.

Effect on the plant. With the formation of this gall all normal bud

growth ceases. Several small branches were found filled by the concentration

of many galls, but no major branch mortality was observed.

Associated insects

Tephritidae. Oxyna palpalis is a common inquiline in the galls of R.

anthoides. Up to five puparia of this inquiline were found in old galls.

Chalcidoidea. The following were reared from this. gall: Torymus

aeneoscapus, Tetrastichus sp., a spcies of Pteromalinae and a species of

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 49

Encyrtidae. Their specific hosts were not established.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Bear Lake Co: 9 mi S Dingle, 6300 ft, Butte

Co: 21 mi SW Arco; 6000 ft; Camas Co: 6 mi W Hill City, 5400 ft; Clark Co: 3.5

mi W Dubois, 5150 ft; 8 mi N Small, 5960 ft; Elmore Co: 9 mi W Bliss, 3000 ft;

Madison Co: 9 mi W Rexburg, 4850 ft; Owyhee Co: 27 mi S Bruneau, 4650 ft; S mi

E. Murphy, 2900 ft; 14 mi S Riddle, 5300 ft; Twin Falls Co: 8 mi SW Rogerson,

6200 ft; NEVADA: Washoe Co: 12 mi SW Reno, UTAH: Cache Co: 20 mi E Logan.

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Butte Co: .5 mi W Arco, 5300 ft; Owyhee

Co: 2 mi S Riddle, 5300 ft; WASHINGTON: Garfield Co: 14 mi W Clarkston.

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Camas Co: 11 mi N Fairfield, 6500 ft;

Twin Falls Co: 17 mi S Hansen, 4725 ft (2 females, paratypes); 21 mi S Hansen,

5240 ft; 22 mi S Hansen, 5700 ft (2 males, 2 females, paratypes); 17 mi E

Rogerson, 5700 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana f. spiciformis: IDAHO: Camas Co: 16 mi N

Fairfield, 7000 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft

(2 females, paratypes); 7 mi S Mt. Home, 3000 ft (holotype, male).

Rhopalomyia florella Gagné, new species

(Figs. 29, 59, 60)

Diagnosis

Rhopalomyia florella is quite distinct from the other three species that

form generally similar galls, viz. R. cramboides, R. anthoides and R.

gossypina. Unlike the other species, adults of R. florella have simple tarsal

claws with the males having a short but prominent mesoventral lobe on the

basimere. The pupa is unique because of the ventrobasal spur on the antennal

horn.

Description

Male. Wing length, 1.9-2.1 mm. Eyes contiguous at vertex. Antenna with

14 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.48-0.53 length node; neck V,

0.52-0.61 length node; neck VII, approximately 0.56 length node. Fused

labella ellipsoid, with 5-9 setae. Palpus l-segmented, elongate-ovoid, with

2-4 setae. Frontoclypeus with 8-17 setae. Anepisternum with 13-16 setae.

Claws strongly curved, simple. Empodia as long as claws. Abdomen: tergum

III with 9-11 setae per side, V with 9-13, VII with 16-20, and VIII with 14-16

setae and a few scales, of VII and VIII contiguous mesally; pleura I-V naked,

VI with 2-3 setae, VII with 4-7, and VII with 12-14 setae and several scales;

sterna II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with

16-20 setae in caudal groups, 14-17 in basal, these continuous. across

sternum. Genitalia: basimere with small mesoventral lobe at base, narrow

beyond; telomere ovoid with wide tooth, sternum X slightly concave apically.

Female. Wing length, 1.1-1.2 mm. Eyes almost continguous at vertex.

Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; necks short to indistinct, none beyond

flagellomere III. Labella without = setae. Palpus with 0-3 setae.

Frontoclypeus with 4 setae per. side. Anepisternum with 4-5. setae.

Frontoclypeus with 4 setae per side. Anepisternum with 405 setae. Abdomen:

tergum III with 507 setae, V with 6-8, VII with 5-7; pleura naked; sterna

50 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

II-VII usually with two basal trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 11-15 setae

in caudal group, 7-10 in basal; tergum VII 0.20-0.25 length distal half

ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs. 59-60). Antennal horn with short, ventrally pointed apex and

long caudoventral spur. Frons short with two lateral projections.

Holotype, male, 3 mi N Mt. Home, Elmore Co., Idaho, III-25-1970, Artemisia

tridentata wyomingensis, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66637.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Adults emerged on March 25 and 26, 1970 from galls

collected on March 18 at Site 15.

Gall

Description. This rosette bud gall (Fig. 29) is similar to that of R.

anthoides. In general structure and in plant parts affected it appears

identical. However, it differs by having the inner leaves similar in length

to the leaves of the outer whorls. In addition, galls on both A. t. vaseyana

(Fig. 29) and A. t. wyomingensis have a proliferation of long trichomes on all

leaves. In size the gall of R. florella is about the same as the smaller

galls of R. anthoides.

Effect on the plant. All normal growth from a bud is terminated with gall

formation. Concentrations of old dry galls persisting on plants indicate that

some small branch mortality is caused.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Owyhee Co: 40 mi SE Bruneau

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Butte Co: 7 mi E Howe (7 females, 2

pupal exuvia, paratypes).

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Owyhee Co: 2 mi N Riddle, 5400 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Butte Co: 8 mi E Arco (male, 4 pupal

exuvia, paratypes); Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft. (holotype male, 4

males and 2 females, paratypes).

Rhopalomyia conica Gagné, new species

(Pigs. G0 .3915 62, 62)

Diagnosis

This species closely resembles R. cramboides with its 1l-segmented palpus,

toothed claws, and short basimeral lobe. The tarsal claws have smaller teeth

in R. cramboides than they do in R. conica. The pupa resembles that of R.

cramboides.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.4-2.7 mm. Eyes contiguous at vertex. Antenna with

14-15 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.72-0.81 length node; necks V and

VII, 0.68-0.81 length node. Fused labella hemispherical in frontal view, with

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 51

3.13 setae per labellum. Palpus l-segmented, ovoid, with 3-10 setae.

Frontoclypeus with 5-8 setae per side. Anepisternal setae 5-16. Claws

toothed, the teeth strong, occasionally bifid. Abdomen: tergum III with

10-20 setae per side, V with 15-21, VII with 13-20, and VIII with 19-26 setae

and several scales, the setal groups of tergum VIII contiguous mesally; pleura

I-V with 0-5 setae; VI with 4-8, VII with 9-14, and VIII with 15-21 setae and

no scales; sterna II-VII with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII

with 21-30 setae in caudal groups and 19-31 in basal. Genitalia: basimere

with small mesobasal lobe, otherwise tapering gradually from base to narrower

apex; telomere ovoid, tooth wide; caudal margin sternum X straight to concave.

Female. Wing length, 1.4-1.8 mm. Antenna with 13-15 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.21-0.32 length node, necks V and VII, 0.11-0.24 length

node, necks indistinct beyond VIII-IX. Other head and thoracic characters as

in male. Abdomen: tergum III with 9-16 setae per side, V with 11-22, and VII

with 11-15; pleura I-V without setae, VI with 0-2, and VII with 5-10 setae and

no scales; sterna II-VII with basal pair of trichoid sensilla; sternum VII

with 21-30 setae in caudal groups, 18-22 in basal, this group divided into

three distinct subgroups; tergum VII 0.30-0.33 length distal half ovipositor.

Pupa. (Figs. 61-62). Antennal horns short, the posteroventral corner

weakly produced. Fronts with short ridge immediately caudal of each antennal

horn and with or without short pair of frontal projections lateral of clypeal

base.

Holotype, male, 5 mi E Twin Falls, Twin Falls Co, Idaho, V-14-1968,

Artemisia tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66638.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found in late March 1970 at

Site 23 coinciding with the first sign of developing galls. A collection of

mature larvae was made at this site on May 6, 1969. Pupae were collected from

galls on A. t. wyomingensis at Site 21 on April 21, 1969 and from A. t.

tridentata at Site 1 on April 23, 1969. In the field, adult emergence

coincided with that of R. pomum at Sites 1 and 2. Adults emerged from April

20-24, 1969 from galls collected April 14 at Site 15. From another collection

of galls made on May 14, 1969 from A. t. tridentata at Site 1, adults emerged

on May 15-16.

Gall

Description and development. This bud gall is monothalamous. The mature

gall is green and covered with trichomes. The larval capsule has a yellowish

translucent sclerenchymatous surface. On A. t. tridentata the prominent

sclerenchymatous larval capsule of the mature gall (Fig. 30) is surrounded by

a whorl of basally fused leaf vestiges around which are several whorls of

linear or spatulate leaves that gradually increase in length outwardly. The

gall is irregularly rosette in form. On both A. t. vaseyana "f. xericensis"

and A. t. wyomingensis the mature gall (Fig. 31) is more normally rosette.

The sclerenchymatous larval capsule is sourrounded by several whorls of

equally long, ovate leaves.

Thirty-one mature galls collected at Site 1 and 2 on A. t. tridentata had

a diameter (measured at base including inner whorl of leaves) ranging from 3-6

mm (avg. 4). The sclerenchymatous capsules of these galls had a length range

of 3-4 mm (avg. 3.2) and the width or diameter of each was approximately 1

mn. The diameter (measured across the apices of the outer leaves) of 26

mature galls collected at Sites 15 and 21 from A. t. wyomingensis ranged from

8-21 mm (avg. 9.41). The capsule measurements were the same as those from A.

52 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

t. wyomingensis, of 17 mature galls from A. t. vaseyana "f. xericensis" ranged

from 10-16 mm (avg. 13). The capsule lengths ranged from 3-5 mm with

diameters of approximately 1 mm.

Developing galls occur with the initiation of spring plant growth. On A.

t. wyomingensis the developing gall was first found seasonally on March 23,

1970 at Site 12 and on A. t. vaseyana "f. xericensis" the following day at

Site 27. The galls dry shortly after midge emergence the following spring and

persist on the plant into at least late summer. Galls from which emergence

has occurred are readily recognized by the protruding larval capsule that is

broken apically.

Effect on the plant. Normal stem growth at the bud was prevented by the

formation of this gall, but the overall effect on plants was minimal since

galls were not concentrated but generally distributed over the plant.

Associated insects

| Platygasteridae. Platygaster utahensis and Platygaster sp. were found to

parasitize this midge species.

Chalcidoidea. Tetrastichus sp. was reared from the larval capsules of

these galls.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Bear Lake Co: 9 mi S Dingle, 6300 ft; 12.4

mi E Montpelier, 6350 ft; Blaine Co: 3 mi W Carey, 5150 ft; Cassia Co: 8 mi

SE Albion, 5350 ft; 4 mi W Almo, 6200 ft; Franklin Co: 1.5 mi W Dayton, 4750

ft; Lincoln Co: 25 mi N Shoshone, 4960 ft; 5 mi NE Shoshone, 4000 ft; Twin

Falls Co: 18 mi E Rogerson, 5700 ft; NEVADA: Pershing Co: 4 mi N Mill City.

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Canyon Co: 15 mi S Nampa, 2350 ft;

Elmore Co: Hot Springs, 9 mi NE Mt. Home (pupa, paratypes); Gooding Co: 5.5 mi

E Gooding, 3800 ft (4 females, 5 pupae, paratypes); 5S mi N Hagerman (2

females, 2 pupae, paratypes); Lemhi Co: 16 mi N Salmon, 4000 ft; Lincoln Co:

11.5 mi W Kimama, 4275 ft; 10.5 mi NE Richfield, 4700 ft; Owhyhee Co: 4 mi NW

Murphy, 2800 ft; Twin Falls Co: 11 mi S Hansen, 4300 ft; 5 mi E Twin Falls,

3746 ft (holotype male, female, pupal exuvia, paratypes); 5.5 mi E Twin Falls,

3650 ft; 6 mi NE Twin Falls, 3700 ft; WASHINGTON: Franklin Co: Palouse Falls

State Park (2 males, paratypes).

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Valley Co: 6 mi N Cascade, 4700 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana "f. xericensis": IDAHO: Washington Co: 8 mi N

Weiser, 2580 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft

(male, 4 females, pupa, pupal exuvia, paratypes) (specimens reared); Gooding

Co: 9 mi W Bliss, 3000 ft (3 females, paratypes).

A. arbuscula: IDAHO: Bear Lake Co: 12.4 mi E Montpelier, 6350 ft.

. nova: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 8 mi SE Albion, 5350 ft.

A. tripartita: IDAHO: Bear Lake Co: 3 mi N Georgetown, 6200 ft.

Rhopalomyia mammilla Gagné, new species

(Pigs. 32,634. 64)

Diagnosis

Adults of R. mammilla have 1-segmented palpi, toothed claws and the males

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 53

have a large ventrobasal lobe on the basimere. This species is closely

related to R. hirticaulis. Adults differ chiefly in shape of the telomere

which, in R. mammilla, tapers gradually from the wide base to the long apical

tooth; pupae differ only in the R. mammilla has slightly longer antennal horns.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.1-2.2 mm. Eyes contiguous at vertex. Antenna with

14-15 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.42-0.48 length node; necks V and

VII, 0.53-0.58 length respective nodes. Fused labella ellipsoid, 2-7 setae

per labellun. Paupus 1-segmented, elongate-ovoid, with 3-6 setae.

Frontoclypeus with 1-6 setae. Anepisternum with 4-7 setae. Claws toothed.

Abdomen: tergum III with 11-23 setae per side, V with 11-22, VII with 13-27,

and VIII with 11-15 setae and no scales, the setal groups of VIII contiguous

mesally; pleura I-V with 0-3 setae, VI with 3-7, VII with 7-10 and several

scales, and VIII with 15-19 setae and scattered scales; sterna II-VII each

with basal pair of trichoid sensilla; sternum VII with 29-34 setae in caudal

group and 26-32 in basal. Genitalia: basimere with large basoventral lobe;

telomere elongate-cylindrical, tapering gradually from base to narrow tooth;

sternum X margin convex apically.

Female. Wing length, 1.4-1.7 mm. Antenna with 13-14 flagellomeres; necks

indistinct. Other head and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum

III with 6-9 setae, V with 5-12, and VII with 11-13; pleura I-V naked, VI with

1-3 setae, and VII with 3-5; sterna II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid

sensilla, sternum VII with 18-24 setae in caudal group, 12-17 in basal, the

latter group divided into three subgroups; tergum VII approximately 0.38

length distal half ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs. 63-64). Antennal horn produced ventrally with = an

anteroventral projection and a small basal spur. Frons with pair of

triangular projections at level of clypeal base. Pronotum long, greatly

extended ventrally between antennal horns.

Holotype, male, 15 mi NW Blackfoot, Bingham Co., Idaho, IX-9-1968,

Artemisia tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66639.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Adults emerged September 10-17, 1968 from galls

collected on September 9 at Site 14. On the collection date the host plants

were in early bloom. |

Gall

Description and development. This polythalamous rosette gall (Fig. 32)

grows from a bud on the current year's stem and is subtended prior to maturity

by two or more ephemeral leaves. It is composed of several whorls of mostly

equal, linear to acicular leaves surrounding two to four sclerenchymatous

larval capsules.

The basal diameter of one measured gall was 6 mm. Its outer leaves were

up to 10 mm in length and the other leaves approximately 5 mm in length.

Associated insects

Platygasteridae. Platygaster sp. was reared from galls of this species.

Chalcidoidea. Torymus aeneoscapus represented the only species of this

54 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

superfamily reared from galls of R. mammilla.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Bingham Co: 15 mi NW Blackfoot (holotype

male and female, paratype).

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 4 mi E Idahome, 4400 ft.; 8

mi SE Malta, 4400 ft; Twin Falls Co: 5 mi E Twin Falls, 3746 ft

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Custer Co: 8 mi NW Mackay, 6200 ft (2

males, 6 females, 3 pupae, paratypes); Twin Falls Co: 17 mi S Hansen, 4725 ft;

22 mi S Hansen, 5700 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Lemhi Co: 1 mi NE Baker, 4500 ft.

Rhopalomyia obovata Gagné, new species

(Figs. 33, 43, 44, 65, 66, 94, 95)

Diagnosis

This species is one of the largest and more robust of the Artemisia

associated midges and, like most of the other large species, has 2-segmented

palpi and toothed claws. The distinctive male genitalia and the pupal head

with its pronounced conical antennal horns set R. obovata apart from all other

Artemisia associated midges except R. nucula. This species differs from the

latter in the absence of scales from most of the abdominal pleura, the wider

male telomere tooth, and the relatively more pronounced pronotum and antennal

and facial horns of the pupa. Also, larvae of R. obovata have three pairs of

terminal papillae and those of R. nucula have only one pair.

Description

Male. Wing length, 3.3-3.5 mm. Eyes separated at vertex by 1-3 facets

diameter. Antenna with 16-17 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.54-0.56

times length node; neck V, 0.57-0.60 length node; neck VII, 0.57-0.73 length

node. Fused labella hemispherical in frontal view, usually naked,

occasionally with one seta per labellum. Palpus 2-segmented, the segments

subequal in length; naked except for occasional seta on segment I.

Frontoclypeus with 3-14 setae per side. Anepisternum with 9-15 setae. Claws

strong, each with strong tooth, the latter occasionally bi- or trifid on one

or more legs. Empodia approximately as long as claws. Abdomen: tergum III

with 17-35 setae per side, V with 20-48, VII with 19-46, and VIII with 16-31,

the two groupos of setae on tergum VII contiguous mesally; pleura I-VI without

setae or scales; VII with 0-4 setae, VIII with 0-7 setae; sterna II-VII each

with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII usually without sensilla

occasionally with one, sternum VII with 32-44 setae in distal group, 22-39 in

basal group, these continuous across width of sternum. Genitalia (Figs.

94-95): basimere short, stout, in lateral view much wider basally than

apically, small mesoventral lobe inconspicuous in lateral view; telomere

elongate cylindrical, tapering abruptly at wide apical tooth; sternum X

slightly to deeply bilobed.

Female. Wing length, 2.5-2.6 mm. Eyes almost contiguous at vertex,

separated by less than 1 facet diameter. Antenna with 15 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.25-0.27 length node; neck V, 0.22-0.26 length node; neck

VII, 0.17-0.24 length node; necks indistinct after flagellomere XI-XII. Other

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 55

head and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum III with 21-28

setae per side, V with 17-24, and VII with 15-23, the two groups of tergum VII

setae not continguous mesally; pleura I-VI without setae or scales, VII with

0-2 setae; sterna II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla; sternum

VII with 24-28 setae in distal group, 16-26 in basal group, these in a row

reaching across width of sternum or interrupted mesally; tergum VII 0.37 -

0.40 length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa. (Figs. 43-44, 65-66). Antennal horns long, conical, tapering

gradually from base to pointed apex. Frons with two pairs of projections: a

pair of transverse ridges immediately caudad of the antennal bases, the

anterior surface concave, the posterior convex, and a well developed pair of

pointed, bilaterally compressed projections laterad of the base of the clypeus.

Holotype, male, 5 mi. E. Twin Falls, Twin Falls Co., Idaho, III-24-1969,

Artemisia tridentata tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66640.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found June 13, 1969 at Site 1

on both A. t. tridentata and A. t. wyomingensis, coinciding with the first

sign of gall development. By late fall the larva reaches maturity. They are

a darker orange color than larvae found earlier and they completely fill the

sclerenchymatous capsule in the center of the gall. Overwintering occurs at

this stage of development. The earliest collections of pupae were made at

Site 1 on March 24, 1969 and the latest made May 18, 1968 on A. t. vaseyana at

Site 8. At both sites spring ephemeral leaf development either had not

started or was just discernable. Adults were emerging by March 24, 1969 at

Site 1, whereas in 1970 they emerged before March 20 at this site and before

March 19 at Site 24. Emergence was in progress as late as May 18, 1968 at

Site 8.

Laboratory rearings indicate that adult emergence may occur over a

considerable period of time in the field. Adults emerged January 10, 1970,

from galls collected on December 29, 1969 from A. t. vaseyana "f. xericensis"

at Site 27, March 24-26, 1969 from galls collected March 24 at Site 1, and May

19-23, 1968 from galls collected at Site 8 on May 18. Altitudinal differences

of these sites may be responsible for some of this variation in time of

emergence.

Gall

Description and development. This ovoid bud gall has vestiges of

spatulate leaves (Fig. 33). Its smooth, green suface is densely covered with

trichomes. Maturity is reached in the fall after which degeneration begins.

The gall surface dries and hardens, becoming shiny yellow-brown and losing its

trichomes and the leaf vestiges. By late fall the tissue beneath the surface

layer dries to a hard black mass which surrounds the 1-4 sclerenchymatous

larval capsules containing the overwintering larvae. These dry galls persist

on either vegetative or flower stems into the following spring until shortly

after the midges emerge.

Seventy-eight mature galls from the three subspecies of A. tridentata

collected at Sites 1, 15, 21 and 27 ranged in diameter from 5-10 mm (avg. 7)

and in height from 6-11 mm (avg. 8). No size differences of the galls could

be attributed to host plant or location. Ten immature galls collected from A.

t. tridentata at Site 1 on June 13, 1969 had a diameter ranging from 204 mm

(avg. 3).

The developing gall wich first appears as swellings of the bud and leaf

56 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

base on developing stems differ from the mature gall only in size. When these

galls were first evident the ephemeral leaves were near maturity, the new

persistent leaves were developing, the old persistent leaves were mostly dry,

and flower stems were distinguishable.

Effect on the plant. With gall formation normal growth ceases in the

affected bud. Some branch mortality occurs with concentration of galls, but

no major damage was observed.

Associated insects

Platygasteridae. Platygaster sp. was reared from these galls and found to

parasitize this midge.

Chalcidoidea. The following were reared from galls and found to

parasitize this midge: Torymus aeneoscapus, Tetrastichus sp., a species of

Pteromalinae and a species of Eupelmidae.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Bannock Co: .5 mi W McCammon, 4719 ft; Bear

Lake Co: 12.4 mi E Montpelier, 6350 ft; Bingham Co: 15 mi NW Blackfoot; Boise

Co: 7 mi S Horseshoe Bend, 4200 ft; 20 mi S Idaho City; Cassia Co: 8 mi SE

Albion, 5350 ft; 6 mi W Burley, 4240 ft; Clark Co: 4 mi NE Argora, 7250 ft;

3.5 mi W Dubois, 5150 ft; Custer Co: 4 mi SW Clayton, 5000 ft; Elmore Co: 9 mi

W Bliss, 3000 ft; 7 mi S Mt. Home, 3000 ft; Owyhee Co: 27 mi S Bruneau, 4650

ft; 40 mi SE Bruneau; 28 mi SW Marsing; 5 mi E Murphy, 2900 ft; 6 mi E Murphy,

2900 ft; 3 mi E Reynolds; Power Co: 14 mi W American Falls, 4400 ft; NEVADA:

Pershing Co: 4 mi N Mill City; Washoe Co: 16 mi SE Reno.

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 4 mi E Idahome, 4400 ft; 6

mi NE Malta, 4400 ft; 8 mi SE Malta, 4400 ft; Gooding Co: 5.5 mi E Gooding,

3800 ft; Lemhi Co: 16 m N Salmon, 4000 ft; Lincoln Co: 11.5 mi W Kimama, 4275

ft; Minidoka Co: 2 mi E Acequia, 4200 ft; Owyhee Co: 2 mi W Indian Cove, 2850

ft; 23 mi SW Grandview; Twin Falls Co: 6 mi S Bliss; 11 mi SW Bliss; 5 mi E

Twin Falls, 3746 ft (holotype male, 4 males, 3 females, and 2 pupae,

paratypes); WASHINGTON: Franklin Co: Palouse Falls State Park.

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Blaine Co: 2 mi W Carey (2 pupae,

paratypes); Galena Summit viewpoint, 8600 ft (3 males, 7 females, 42 pupae,

paratypes); Camas Co: 12 mi S Fairfield, 5450 ft; Custer Co: 8 mi NW Mackay,

6200 ft; 32 mi NW Mackay, 6425 ft; Pass Creek Summit, 7633 ft; Elmore Co:

Little Camas Res. (female, paratype); Gooding Co: 16 mi N Gooding, 5225 ft;

Lemhi Co: Bannock Pass Summit, 7672 ft; 10 mi E Leadore; Oneida Co: 9.5 mi W

Malad, 5200 ft; Twin Falls Co: 17 mi E Rogerson, 5700 ft; Valley Co: 6 mi N

Cascade, 4700 ft; Washington Co: 4 mi S Midvale, 3200 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana "f. xericensis": IDAHO: Washington Co: 8 mi N

Weiser, 2850 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Canyon Co: 15 mi S Nampa, 2500 ft;

Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft (specimens reared); Gooding Co: 12 mi N

Gooding, 4400 ft; 3 mi S Hagerman, 2964 ft; Lemhi Co: 1 mi NE Baker, 4500 ft;

Lincoln Co: 12 mi W. Kimama, 4275 ft; Owyhee Co: 5 mi N. Reynolds, Twin Falls

Co: 8 mi N Roseworth, 4800 ft; 4 mi E Twin Falls, 3746 ft (specimens reared).

A. arbuscula: IDAHO: Bear Lake Co: 12.4 mi E. Montpelier, 6350 ft; Clark

Co: 18 mi NW Terreton, 4800 ft.

A. nova: IDAHO: Butte Co: 19.9 mi NE Howe, 5100 ft; Cassia Co: 8 mi SE

Albion, 5350 ft; 3 mi NW Malta, 4400 ft.

A. tripartita: IDAHO: Bannock Co: .5 W McCammon, 4719 ft.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 57

Rhopalomyia nucula Gagné, new species

(Figs. 34, 35)

Diagnosis

This species is close to R. obovata. The pupae of both species are very

similar, but adults may be separated by the abdominal setation and shape of

the male telomere. The tooth of the latter is narrower in R. nucula than in

R. obovata. As evident from their descriptions the galls of these two species

are very different.

Description

Male Wing length, 2.6-3.1 mm. Eyes separated at vertex by 1.0-1.5 facets

diameter. Antenna with 15-16 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.45-0.55

length node; neck V, 0.45-0.51 length node; and neck VII 0.50-0.55 length

node. Fused labella hemispherical in frontal view, occasionally indented

mesally, O-1 setae per labellum. Palpus 2-segmented, segment II generally

longer, usually about twice length I, 1-4 setae per segment. Frontoclypeus

with 3-8 setae per side. Anepisternum with 14-29 setae. Claws strong

toothed, the latter occasionally bi- or trifid on one or more legs. Empodia

approximately as long as claws. Abdomen: tergum III with 12-17 setae per

side, V with 10-17; VII with 12-19, and VIII with 7-13, the two lateral groups

not contiguous mesally; pleura with a few setae on segment VIII only, but all

segments covered with scales; sterna II-VII each with a basal pair of trichoid

sensilla; sternum VII with 19-34 setae in caudal group, 30-55 in basal group,

the latter undivided mesally. Genitalia; basimere short, stout, in lateral

view much wider basally than apically, small mesoventral lobe inconspicuous in

later view; telomere elongate-cylindrical, tapering abruptly at apical tooth,

the latter approximately 0.5 width telomere at widest; sternum X slightly to

deeply bilobed apically. ;

Female. Wing length, 2.1-2.4 mm. Antenna with 14-15 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.30-0.32 length node; neck V, 0.29 length node; neck VII,

0.03-0.22 length node; necks indistinct beyond flagellomere VIII. Other head

and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum III with 11-22 setae per

side, V with 10-19, and VII with 9-15 the lateral groups of tergum VII not

contiguous mesally; pleura without setae, but scales numerous on all segments;

sterna II-VII each with two basal trichoid sensilla; sternum VII with 16-30

caudal setae and 14-22 basal setae, these divided mesally into two lateral

groups; tergum VII 0.36-0.39 length distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa. Antennal horns long, conical, tapering gradually from base to

pointed apex. Frons with a pair of low, convex bumps immediately caudad of

antennal bases, and a pair of pointed, bilaterally compressed projections

laterad of base of the clypeus.

Holotype, male, 5 mi E Twin Falls, Twin Falls Co., Idaho, III-20-1970,

Artemisia tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66641.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found on A. t. wyomingensis

June 10, 1968 at Site 15, coinciding with the first sign of gall development.

Larvae also were collected on both A. t. tridentata and A. t. wyomingensis

June 13, 1969 at Site 1. Larvae were found through the summer and fall and

into the following spring. Mature larvae were present on April 17, 1969 on A.

t. tridentata at Site 23. Pupae were collected April 17, 1969 at Site 23 and

58 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

in 1970 on March 20 at Sites 1 and 3. At the time of these collections the

first whorls of ephemeral leaves had begun spring growth. Field observation

showed that adults had emerged by March 20, 1970 at Site 1 and prior to March

23, 1970 at Site 21. Adults emerged on April 12, 1969 from galls collected on

March 24 at Site 1, and the following year they emerged on March 29 and 31,

1970 from galls collected on March 20 at Site 4 and on April 19, from galls

collected April 17 at Site 23.

Gall

Description and development. The white or gray polythalamous gall (Fig.

34) appears to be a concentration of individual, ovoid galls (Fig. 35) that

form a globuliferous mass around a stem. The gall is a firm mass of plant

tissue with centrally located larval chambers. The surface is densely clothed

with long trichomes giving it a fuzzy appearance.

Sixty-three mature galls collected from A. t. tridentata and A. t.

wyomingensis at Sites 1, 21 and 24 ranged in width (diameter perpendicular to

stem) from 30-15 mm (avg. 9) and in height (diameter parallel to stem) from

3-10 mm (avg. 6). These galls had 1-11 (avg. 5) larval chambers.

Galls develop from summer to the following spring with most noticeable

growth occurring before winter. The first sign of the developing gall was in

early June when immature larvae were found. At this time epemeral leaves were

near full growth, the persistent leaves were nearly dry, and the gall appeared

as a small white globose structure at a node. Ten of these developing galls

collected on June 18, 1969 at Site 1 ranged in width from 1.5 to 2.5 mm (avg.

1.9). Galls begin to dry and decompose after midge emergence. However, old

gray colored galls were observed persisting on plants for at least a year.

Effect on the plant. No extensive damage was observed, but some minor

twig or stem mortality occurred with the formation of the gall.

Associated insects

Tephritidae. Oxyna palpalis was reared from galls collected at several

sites on A. t. tridentata and A. t. wyomingensis.

Chalcidoidea. Several species were reared from these galls, including

Torymus aeneoscapus, Tetrastichus sp., a species of Pteromalinae and a species

of Eupelmidae.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Boise Co: 7 mi S Horseshoe Bend, 4200 ft;

Butte Co: 21 mi SW Arco, 6000 ft; Cassia Co: 4 mi W Almo, 6200 ft; Elmore Co:

7 mi S Mt. Home, 3000 ft, (9 females, paratypes); Gooding Co: 9 mi W Bliss,

3000 ft; Lemhi Co: 3 mi NE Baker, Owyhee Co: 27 mi S Bruneau, 4650 ft; 40 mi

SE Bruneau; Twin Falls Co: 18 mi E Rogerson, 5700 ft; 5 mi E Twin Falls, 3746

ft (holotype male, 3 males, 7 females, 4 pupae, paratypes). NEVADA: Pershing

Co: 4 mi N Mill City; Washoe Co: 16 mi SE Reno, 12 mi SW Reno.

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Butte Co: .5 mi W Arco, 5300 ft; Cassia

Co: 4 mi E Idahome, 4400 ft; Lincoln Co: 11.5 mi W Kimama, 4275 ft (9 males, 6

females, 9 pupae, paratypes); Minidoka Co: 2 mi E Acequia, 4200 ft (3 males, 5

females, 4 pupae, paratypes); Owyhee Co: 23 mi SW Grandview; Twin Falls Co: 11

mi SW Bliss; 23 mi SW Twin Falls, 4950 ft (specimens reared); MONTANA:

Beaverhead Co: 12 mi E Bannock Pass Summit; 17 mi E Bannock Pass Summit;

WASHINGTON: Garfield Co: 14 mi W Clarkston.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 59

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Blaine Co: Galena Summit viewpoint, 8600

ft (specimens reared); 15 mi NW Ketchum 7500 ft; 6 mi S Ketchum, 55 ft; Camas

Co: 12 mi S Fairfield, 5450 ft; Cassia Co: City of Rocks (5 males, female, 6

pupae, paratypes); Elba-Basin Pass Summit; 7 mi E Oakley; Custer Co: Willow

Creek Divide, 7160 ft; Owyhee Co: 2 mi N Riddle, 5400 ft; 7 mi E Sheaville,

Oregon; Twin Falls Co: 17 mi S Hansen, 4725 ft (5 females, pupa, paratypes);

21 mi S Hansen, 5240 ft; 22 mi S Hansen, 5700 ft; Magic Mt. Ski Area, 6400 ft

(2 males, 3 pupae, paratypes) (specimens reared); 21 mi E Rogerson, 7250 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana "f xericensis": IDAHO: Washington Co: 8 mi N

Weiser, 2580 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft

(specimen reared); Gooding Co: 3 mi S Hagerman, 2964 ft; Twin Falls Co: 8 mi N

Roseworth, 4800 ft.

A. nova: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 3 mi NW Malta, 4400 ft.

Rhopalomyia medusa Gagné, new species

(Figs. °36,' 374 385° 30, 167) 68)

Diagnosis

Rhopalomyia medusa and R. medusirrasa are anatomically indistinguishable

as adults, larvae and pupae. However, their galls are sufficiently different

to warrant recognition of these species. Although the galls are the same

general type, that of R. medusa is naked, whereas that of R. medusirrasa is

thickly covered with long tyrichomes. |

These species are similar to R. pomum and R. calvipomum in their large

size, 2-segmented palpi, toothed claws, and the general shape of the genitalia

and pupal heads. The most reliable characters for separating R. medusa from

R. pomum and R. calvipomum are the number of trichoid sensilla on the

abdominal sterna and the presence or absence of basimeral lobes on the male

genitalia.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.4-3.0 mm. Eyes almost contiguous at vertex, less

than 1 facet diameter apart. Antenna with 15-16 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III, 0.57-0.71 length node; neck V, 0.61-0.76 length node; neck

VII 0.63-0.70 length node. Fused labella hemispherical in frontal view; 0-12

setae per labellum. Palpus usually 2-segmented, segment II, if present,

0.5-1.0 length I, either segment with 0-4 scattered setae. Frontoclypeus with

4-14 setae per site. Anepisternum with 11-18 setae. Claws toothed, the tooth

occasionally bifid. Empodia approximately as long as claws. Abdomen: tergum

III with 18-30 setae per side, V with 16-34, VII with 22-39, and VIII with

17-40, lateral groups of tergum VIII contiguous mesally; pleura I-VI without

setae, VII with 0-3, and VIII with 3-10 setae and no scales; sterna II-VII

each with two basal trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 33-42 setae in distal

group, 28-48 in basal, the latter continuous across sternum. Genitalia:

basimere in lateral view with indistinct lobe tapering gradually from wide

base to narrower apex; telomere ovoid with wide tooth; sternum X truncate to

bilobed.

Female. Wing length, 1.8-2.3 mm. Antenna with 13-15 flagellomeres; neck

flagellomere III 0.10-0.18 length node; neck V, 0.06-0.18 length node; neck

VII, 0.06 -0.16 length node; necks indistinct beyond flagellomeres VIII-X.

Other head and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen: tergum III with 11-22

60 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

setae per side, V with 11-23, and VII with 14-20, lateral groups of VII

contiguous mesally; pleura without setae but with scattered scales on distal

segments; sterna II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII

24-40 setae in distal group, 13-33 in basal, the latter occasionally divided

mesally; tergum VI 0.32-0.35 length distal half ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs. 67-68). Antennal horns short, weakly bifid apically with

short ventrobasal spur. Frons with pair of angular bilaterally compressed

projections.

Holotype, male, 8 mi NW Mackay, Custer Co, Idaho, V-17-1968, Artemisia

tridentata vaseyana, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66642.

Biology

seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found from early September to

early October coinciding with the first sign of gall development. Apparently

mature larvae were found on May 15-16, 1969 on A. t. vaseyana at Site 6 and on

June 15, 1968 on A. t. vaseyana f. spiciformis at Site 17.

Adult emergence occurred prior to April 21, 1969 at Site 21 from A. t.

wyomingensis and was still in progress on May 6, 1969 0.5 mi from Site 23. At

Site 17 emergence from A. t. vaseyana f. spiciformis occurred between June 15

and July 11, 1968. At Site 27 adults emerged April 15-19, 1969 from A. t.

vaseyana "f. xericensis" from galls collected on April 8. Emergence occurred

from A. t. wyomingensis on April 18-19, 1969 from galls collected with pupae

present on April 14 at Site 21 and from A. t. tridentata on May 10 from galls

collected with pupae present on May 6, 1969 at Site 24. The latest emergence

was June 18, 1968 from galls collected on June 16 from A. tripartita at Site

26 while the earliest was March 28, 1970 from galls collected on March 20 from

A. t. wyomingensis growing at Site 1.

Gall

Description and development. The mature gall (Fig. 36) consists of a

larval chamber (Fig. 37) enclosing in a globular mass of reddish, green, or

reddish and green filaments that lack trichomes. The filaments are thickened

basally and become thinner, curly and branched distally. Frequently, galls

form on several adjacent stem and leaf nodes and encompass large areas of the

stem (Fig. 38).

One hundred mature galls from A. t. tridentata, A. t. vaseyana and A. t.

wyomingensis collected at Sites 1, 7, 21 and 24 had a diameter (the fibrous

mass measured perpendicular to stem) ranging from 8-29 mm (avg. 13.3).

Seventy-five of these galls contained 1-3 larval chambers (avg. 1.2). Larger

galls were usually observed on more vigorous roadside plants on A. t.

tridentata.

The first sign of galls was during early September 1968 on both A. t.

tridentata and A. t. wyomingensis. The developing galls were observed on the

other host subspecies later in the fall. The galls first appear as groups of

tiny leaflike structures growing from the nodes (Fig. 39). Gall development

continues during the fall, is arrested during the winter, and continues in the

spring with maximum size of the galls reached about the time pupae are

present. Stem growth was approximately 2.5-5.0 cm in length by this time at

most sites. Within a month after adult emergence the galls become dry and

brown. They persist on the host plants for 2-12 months or longer. Developing

galls were often found on flower stems but did not reach maturity because

these stems died out following bloom in the fall.

Effect on the plant. No stem mortality was found but the presence of many

galls appeared to have some effect on the vigor of stem and leaves.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 61

Associated insects

Platygasteridae. Specimens of Platygaster spp. were reared from the galls.

Chalcidoidae. Tetrastichus sp. and an undetermined species of

Peteromalinae were reared from the galls.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Bannock Co: .5 mi W McCammon, 4719 ft; Bear

Lake Co: 9 mi S Dingle, 6300 ft; 12.4 mi E Montpelier, 6350 ft; Bingham Co: 5

mi NE Taber; Blaine Co: 3 mi W Carey, 5150 ft; Boise Co: 7 mi S Horseshoe

Bend, 4200 ft; 20 mi S Idaho City; Butte Co: 21 mi SW Arco, 6000 ft; Cassia

Co: 8 mi SE Albion, 5350 ft (specimens reared); Clark Co: 3.5 mi W Dubois,

5150 ft (male, 6 females, pupa, paratypes); 8 mi N Small, 5960 ft; Custer Co:

5 mi E Clayton, 5650 ft; 4 mi SW Clayton, 5000 ft; Franklin Co: 1.5 mi W

Dayton, 4750 ft; Lemhi Co: 3 mi NE Baker; Lincoln Co: 4 mi N Dietrich, 4100

ft; 25 mi N Shoshone, 4960 ft; 5 mi NE Shoshone, 4001 ft; Madison Co: 9 mi W

Rexburg, 4850 ft; Owyhee Co: 27 mi S Bruneau, 4650 ft (specimens reared); 40

mi SE Bruneau; 28 mi SE Marsing; 3 mi E Reynolds; 14 mi S Riddle, 5300 ft;

Power Co: 14 mi W American Falls, 4400 ft; Twin Falls Co: 11 mi NW Buhl; 18 mi

E Rogerson, 5700 ft (male, paratype); 8 mi SW Rogerson, 6200 ft; Teton Co: 3

mi S Driggs, 6150 ft; NEVADA: Pershing Co: 4 mi N Mill City.

A. tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Gooding Co: 6 mi SE Bliss, 3140 ft (2

males, pupa, paratypes); Lemhi Co: 3.5 mi E Leadore, 5850 ft; Lincoln Co: 11.5

mi W Kimama, 4275 ft (pupa paratype); 10.5 mi NE Richfield, 4700 ft (2 males,

5 females, 12 pupae paratypes); Minidoka Co: 2 mi E Acequia, 4200 ft (male,

female, 2 pupae paratypes); Owyhee Co: 2 mi S Riddle, 5300 ft; 23 mi SW

Grandview (specimens reared); Twin Falls Co: 11 mi SW Bliss; 5S mi E Twin

Falls, 3746 ft (specimens reared); MONTANA: Beaverhead Co: 6 mi E Bannock

Pass Summit; 12 mi E Bannock Pass Summit (specimens reared); 17 mi E Bannock

Pass Summit (specimens reared).

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Blaine Co: Galena Summit viewpoint, 8600

ft (specimens reared); 15 mi NW Ketchum, 7500 ft; 6 mi S Ketchum, 5500 ft

(specimens reared); Camas Co: 5 mi N Fairfield, 5150 ft; 9 mi N Fairfield,

6000 ft; 12 mi S Fairfield, 5450 ft; Cassia Co: Elba-Basin Pass Summit; 7 mi E

Oakley; Custer Co: 5 mi NW Galena Summit, 7350 ft; 8 mi NW Mackay, 6200 ft

(holotype male, 5 males, 2 females, pupa paratypes); 32 mi NW Mackay, 6425 ft;

10 mi S Stanley, 6550 ft; Willow Creek Divide, 7160 ft; Franklin Co: 3 mi W

Dayton, 4800 ft (specimens reared); Gooding Co: 16 mi N Gooding, 5225 ft;

Lemhi Co: 10 mi E Leadore; Twin Falls Co: 15 mi S Hansen, 4525 ft; 22 mi §S

Hansen, 5700 ft (specimens reared); 1 mi NW Magic Mt. Ski Area, 6600 ft; 17 mi

E Rogerson, 5700 ft; 12 mi E Rogerson, 7250 ft; Washington Co: 4 mi S Midvale,

3200 ft; MONTANA: Beaverhead Co: 1.7 mi E. Bannock Pass Summit.

A. tridentata vaseyana f. spiciformis: IDAHO: Camas Co: 13 mi N

Fairfield, 7000 ft; Franklin Co: 28 mi NE Preston, 6850 ft.

A. tridentata vaseyana "f. xericensis": IDAHO: Washington County: 8 mi N

Weiser, 2580 ft (3 males, 7 females paratypes)

A. tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Canyon Co: 15 mi S Nampa, 2500 ft;

Elmore Co: 3 mi N Mt. Home, 3325 ft; Gooding Co: 3 mi S Hagerman, 2964 ft; 9

mi W Bliss, 3000 ft (male paratype); 12 mi N Gooding, 4400 ft; Lemhi Co: 1 mi

NE Baker, 4500 ft; Lincoln Co: 12 mi W Kimama, 4275 ft; Owyhee Co: .5 mi §S

Grasmere, 5125 ft; 5 mi N Reynolds; Twin Falls Co: 8 mi N Roseworth, 4800 ft;

4 mi E Twin Falls, 3746 ft (3 males, 6 females, 3 pupae paratypes).

Specimens reared from the species below are indistinguishable from those

on A. tridentata.

A. arbuscula: IDAHO: Bear Lake Co: 12.4 mi E Montpelier, 6350 ft; Owyhee

Co: 14 mi S Riddle, 5300 ft; Twin Falls Co: 8 mi SW Rogerson, 6200 ft.

62 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

A. nova: IDAHO: Butte Co: 10 mi E Howe, 5150 ft; 19.9 mi NE Howe, 5100

ft; Cassia Co: 8 mi SE Albion, 5350 ft (specimens reared); 3 mi NW Malta, 4400

Ft.

A. cana cana: IDAHO: Custer Co: 10 mi S Stanley, 6550 ft.

A. tripartita: IDAHO: Bannock Co: .5 mi W McCammon, 4719 ft; Lincoln Co:

10.5 mi NE Richfield, 4700 ft; Teton Co: 4.5 mi W Tetonia, 6025 ft (specimen

reared). —

Rhopalomyia medusirrasa Gagné, new species

(Figs. 40, 90, 91)

Diagnosis

Adults, larvae and pupae of this species are anatomically

indistinguishable from R. medusa. Both form the same type of gall but that of

R. medusirrasa is densely covered with long trichomes, whereas that of R.

medusa is naked.

Adults of R. medusirrasa are separated from the related R. pomum and R.

calvipomum on the basis of the trichoid sensilla on the abdominal sterna and

the presence or absence of basimeral lobes on the male genitalia.

Description

External anatomy as for R. medusa. Male genitalia (Figs. 90-91). Pupal

head as in Figs. 67-68.

Holotype, male, 22.5 mi S Hansen, Twin Falls Co., Idaho, V-16-1969,

Artemisia tridentata vaseyana, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66643.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found during early October 1968

at Sites 5 and 25, coinciding with the first sign of gall development. The

only collection made of mature larvae was on May 16, 1969 at Site 6. Adults

had emerged prior to May 21, 1969 at Site 4. Under laboratory conditions,

adults emerged April 25, 1969 from galls collected on April 22 at Site 13 and

on May 19, 1969 from galls collected on May 16 at Site 6 when pupae were

present.

Gall

Description and development. This gall (Fig. 40) resembles that of R.

medusa but differs in that all radiating filaments are densely clothed with

long trichomes. These trichomes generally mask the reddish and green colors

of the filaments and give the gall a white or gray appearance.

Twenty-four mature galls from Sites 6 and 25 had a diameter (measured

perpendicular to stem) ranging from 12-25 mm (avg. 17). Thirty-one galls that

were collected April 14, 1969 at Site 6 prior to ephemeral leaf development

had a diameter ranging from 6-16 mm (avg. 10) and contained 1-4 larvae (avg.

2).

The first sign of gall development was in early October with the

appearance of small clumps of leaflike structures covered with trichomes at

the nodes. The galls grow during the fall and again in the spring until about

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 63

the time pupae are present. At that time ephemeral leaves were just

separating in the bud and no new stem growth had occurred. After adult

emergence the galls dried but retained their gray appearance and persisted on

the plants as for those of R. medusa.

Associated insects

Platygasteridae. Platygaster sp. was found to parasitize the midge.

Chalcidoidea. Torymus aeneoscapus and a species of Pteromalinae emerged

from the galls concurrent or within a week of midge emergence in rearing

containers.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata: IDAHO: Owyhee Co: 6 mi S Grasmere, 5450 ft; Twin

Falls Co: 8 mi SW Rogerson, 6200 ft; NEVADA: Washoe Co: 12 mi SW Reno.

A. tridentata vaseyana: IDAHO: Cassia Co: 4 mi W Almo, 6200 ft (2 males,

4 females, 3 pupae, paratypes); 8 mi W Elba, 6350 ft; Oneida Co: 9.5 mi W

Malad, 5200 ft; 7 mi E Sheaville, Oregon; Twin Falls Co: 11 mi S Hansen, 4300

ft; 15 mi S Hansen, 4525 ft; 17 mi S Hansen, 4725 ft; 21 mi S Hansen, 5240 ft;

7 males 5S females, 3 pupae, paratypes); 22 mi S Hansen, 5700 ft (holotype

male, 5 males, 6 females, 13 pupae, paratypes); 1 mi NW Magic Mt. Ski Area,

6600 ft.

A. tridentata wyomingensis: Twin Falls Co: Lower Rock Creek Canyon (male,

female, pupal exuvium, paratypes).

Rhopalomyia hirticaulis Gagné, new species

(Figs 41, 69, 70,°92,°93)

Diagnosis

This species and R. tumidicaulis are the only ones responsible for stem

galls on A. tridentata. Adults and pupae of both species are generally

Similar, but those of R. hirticaulis are distinguishable by the l-segmented

palip, more setose mouthparts, and ventrally produced pupal pronotum.

Description

Male. Wing length, 2.1-2.3 mm. Eyes contiguous at vertex. Antenna with

14-15 flagellomeres; neck flagellomere III, 0.47-0.57 length node; neck V,

0.50-0.61 length node; neck VII, 0.57-0.64 length node. Fused labella

ellipsoid in frontal view, 6-8 setae per labellum. Palpus l1-segmented,

elongate-ovoid, with 6-14 setae, these concentrated on apical half.

Frontoclypeus with 5-9 setae per side. Anepisternum with 7-18 setae. Claws

strong, toothed. Abdomen: tergum III with 12-18 setae per side, V with 14-21,

VII with 16-20, and VIII with 23-29, the two last terga each with several

scales and their setae contiguous mesally; pleura with several setae on each

of segments IV-VIII, segments VII and VIII with scattered scales also; sterna

II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 21-27 setae

in distal group, 24-29 in basal, these continuous across width of sternum.

Genitalia (Figs. 92-93): basimere with conspicuous ventral lobe; telomere

ovoid, tooth wide, sternum X truncate apically.

64 Contrib: Amer. “Ent: Inst., vol. 21, no... 1; 1983

Female. Wing length, 1.5-1.7 mm. Antenna with 13-14 flagellomeres; necks

flagellomeres III and V, 0.05 length respective nodes; necks indistinct beyond

flagellomere V. Other head and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen:

tergum III with 7-9 setae per side, V with 9-11, and VII with 9-13, lateral

groups of VII contiguous mesally; pleura I-V naked, VI with 2-3 setae, and VII

with 5-6 setae, 0 scales; sterna II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid

sensilla, sternum VII with 19-20 setae in distal group, 8-17 in basal, these

separated mesally; tergum VII approximately 0.40 length distal half of

ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs. 69-70). Antennal horn produced ventrally with = an

anteroventral projection and a small basal spur. Frons with pair of angular,

bilaterally compressed projections. Pronotum long, greatly extended ventrally

between antennal horns.

Holotype, male, 11.5 mi W Kimama, Lincoln Co, Idaho, VIII-16-1969,

Artemisia tridentata tridentata, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66644.

seasonal occurrence. Immature larvae were found June 5, 1969 at Site 24,

coinciding with first sign of gall development. Adults emerged in the field

on July 23, 2969 at Site 23, and at Site 244 sometime prior to August 8,

1969. Adults emerged July 26-27 from galls collected at Site 23 on July 23,

1968. The following year, adults emerged from July 21-31 from galls collected

on July 16 and 23 and Site 23 when pupae were present. Some adults emerged on

July 12, 1969, from galls still containing pupae on July 16 at Site 24.

Gall

Description. The mature gall is a slight swelling of the vegetative stem

and is covered by long white trichomes (Fig. 41). Its sclerenchymatous larval

capsules are found between the woody tissues and the outer layers of stem

tissue. The galled stem may be slightly bent or, if larvae are near the apex

of the gall, it may be stunted.

Forty mature galls from Sites 23 and 24 were measured with the length of

the stem surface covered by long trichomes ranging from 4-19 mm (avg. 9). The

length of the trichomes ranged from approximately 1 to 2 mm. fThe galls

contained from 1-7 larval chambers (avg. 2).

Developing galls were first observed in early June and found to differ

from mature galls only in size. Galls were mature in mid-July when the larvae

and pupae were well encapsulated within the stem and normal ephemeral leaves

were mature. The old galls persisted on the plant for a year or more.

Effect on the plant. Some of the stems with galls died soon after midge

emergence while others maintained their normal functions and produced new

growth the next season. Galls were never found sufficiently abundant to cause

more than slight damage to plants.

Associated insects

Platygasteridae. Platygaster sp. was found to parasitize this midge

species.

Chalcidoidea. Torymus aeneoscapus and an undetermined species of

Eupelmidae were reared from these galls.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata tridentata: IDAHO: Lindoln Co: 11 mi W Kimama, 4275

ft (holotype male, and 3 males, 4 females, and 4 pupae, paratypes); Minidoka

Co: 2 mi E Acequia, 4200 ft (10 pupae, paratypes).

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 65

Rhopalomyia tumidicaulis Gagné, new species

(Figs. 42; 71, 72)

Diagnosis

This species and R. hirticaulis form the only stem galls known on A.

tridentata. Both species are generally similar with identical genitalia and

strong tarsal claws, but R. tumidicaulis pupae have bilaterally compressed and

more strongly sclerotized antennal horns, and adults have 2-segmented palpi.

Description

Male. Wing length, 1.9-2.0 mm. Eyes at vertex separated by less than one

facet diameter. Antenna with 13-14 flagellomerees; neck flagellomere III

approximately 0.5-0.6 length node; neck V, 0.5 length node; neck VII, 0.5-0.6

length node. Fused labella ellipsoid in frontal view, 304 setae per

labellum. Palpus 2-segmented, segment I longer # than II, with O0-seta,

segment II short ovoid, with 2-3 setae. Frontoclypeus with 1-4 setae per

side. Anepisternum with 4-11 setae. Claws strong, toothed. Empodia as long

as claws. Abdomen: tergum III with 10-13 setae per side, V with 10-13, VII

with 9-16, and VIII with 12-13, the setal groups not contiguous mesally;

pleura without sclaes, segment VII with 0-2 setae, VIII with 3-4, sterna

II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla, sternum VII with 13-14 setae

in distal group, 20-26 in basal, these continuous across sternum. Genitalia:

basimere very wide at base, tapering abruptly, then gradually to narrow apex;

telomere ovoid, tooth wide; sternum X truncate.

Female. Wing length, 1.5-1.6 mm. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, none

with distinct necks. Other head and thoracic characters as in male. Abdomen:

tergum III with 5012 setae, V with 11-15, and VII with 10-13; pleura naked;

sterna II-VII each with basal pair of trichoid sensilla; sternum VII with

21-23 setae in distal group, 10-13 in basal; tergum VII 0.35-0.37 times length

distal half of ovipositor.

Pupa (Figs. 71-72). Antennal horn short, strongly sclerotized ventrally

and bilaterally compressed. Frons with pair of projections laterad of base of

clypeus. Pronotum long, projecting slightly ventrad.

Holotype, male, 15 mi S Nampa, Canyon Co., Idaho, IX-4-1968, Artemisia

tridentata wyomingensis, R. G. Jones, USNM Type No. 66645.

Biology

Seasonal occurrence. Adults emerged September 19-25, 1968 from galls

collected on September 4 with pupae present.

Gall

Description. This polythalamous gall (Fig. 42) reaches maturity in the

early fall just prior to bloom. It forms a swelling on a vegetative stem that

becomes stunted, has numerous nodes and has small malformed leaves.

Interspersed among the wood fibers of the inner stem are the sclerenchymatous

larval capsules. |

The length of nine of these stunted stems ranged from 5-23 mm (avg. 15).

Three galls contained six, seven and eight larval capsules respectively.

66 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Associated insects

Platygasteridae. Platygaster sp. was reared from these galls.

Chalcidoidea. Tetrastichus sp. and an undetermined species of Ptero-

malinae were reared from these galls.

Host plants and distribution of specimens studied

Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis: IDAHO: Canyon Co: 15 mi S Nampa, 2500

ft (holotype and 4 males, 10 females, and 1 pupa, paratypes).

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 67

APPENDIX

Other Nearctic Species of Rhopalomyia (Diarthronomyia)

by R. J. Gagné

All the described species of North American Diarthronomyia that occur on

plants other than Artemisia tridentata or not in Idaho are listed below.

Nine such species are known and they occur on other Artemisia species and

cultivated Chrysanthemum spp. A diagnosis of the gall midges and galls and

type information is given for each. The scientific names of Nearctic

Artemisia hosts are given as originally cited (with any misspellings and

without author names) at the time of the insect descriptions because it is

impossible now to know if the identifications were accurate.

Rhopalomyia alticola Cockerell

Rhopalomyia alticola Cockerell 1980-281.

Diagnosis

Only a gall remains of the type series in the USNM. Cockerell

subsequently collected more adults which were described by Felt (1915b).

These are medium-sized with a wing length of 2.0 mm in the male, 1.6 mm in the

female, have l-segmented palpi, simple claws, a pair of basal trichoid

sensilla on each of abdominal sterna II-VII, and numerous setae on the

abdomen. The telomeres of the male genitalia are short-ovoid and the apical

teeth appear narrow. Rhopalomyia alticola differs from all other Nearctic

Diarthronomyia in that the empodia are noticeably longer than claws.

Types. Male, female, pupa, larva, and gall, West Cliff, Colorado, emerged

IV-24 (and earlier) 1890 from ? Artemisia canadensis, T. D. A. Cockerell; gall

in USNM, other type specimens unaccounted for. Other specimens examined: 2

males, 2 females, Boulder, Colorado, (emerged) I-1907, A. canadensis, T. D. A.

Cockerell.

Gall

The gall is a spherical mass of long trichomes, about 15 mm in diameter.

It consists of an aggregate of several capsules each of which encloses a

larva. From the figure in Felt (1940), the gakl appears to be either a node

or bud gall.

In the original description (Cockerell, 1890), the host of R. alticola was

given as “a composite . . . a Chrysopsis or Solidago." Cockerell (1909)

subsequently recorded the host as "Artemisia canadensis." Felt (1917) later

listed "Artemisia forwoodii (? canadensis)" and, questionably,

A. caudata" as_ hosts. Baker (1895) reported a similar gall on "A.

dracunculoides."

68 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Rhopalomyia betheliana Cockerell

Rhopalomyia betheliana Cockerell 1909:150.

Diagnosis

Wing length is 1.7-1.8 mm in the male, 1.3-1.4 mm in the female. The

palpi are l-segmented, the claws simple, trichoid sensilla are present on the

abdominal sterna, and setae on the mouthparts and abdomen are scarce. The

pupa resembles that of R. lignea with its very elongate antennal horns, but

the pronotal setae of R. betheliana are approximately as long as the horns.

Gall

This is monothalamous, pyriform, approximately 34 mm long by 2 mm in basal

diameter. It is covered with trichomes and occurs on the flower buds (cf.

Fig. 335, Felt 1940).

Types. Lectotype male, here designated, Denver, Colorado, emerged

III-1909, “Artemisia frigida", in USNM. Paralectotypes, 6 males, 7 females,

and 5 pupal exuvia, all with same data as lectotype.

Rhopalomyia chrysanthemi (Ahlberg)

Diarthronomyia hypogaea: Felt 1915a:267 (not F. Loew 1885)

Diarthronomyia chrysanthemi Ahlberg 1939:276

Diagnosis

Wing length is 1.6-1.9 mm in the male, 1.4-1.7 in the female. The palpi

are 2-segmented and the claws toothed. The basimere of the male genitalia has

a ventral lobe and the elongate-ovoid telomere tapers gradually from midlength

to the wide, apical tooth. The pupal antennal horns resemble those of R.

obovata or R. nucula except that they are more pointed and the frontal ridges

basad of the horns are not present in R. chrysanthemi.

Types. Lectotype male, here designated, labelled "E. Lansing, Mich., R.

H. Pettit, 12611". It presumably was reared from commercial chrysanthemums

from Adrian, Michigan (Felt, 1915a). Paralectotypes, 8 males, 9 females, 2

pupae, same data as lectotype. Ahlberg (1939) provided a name for the species

misidentified by Felt (1915a) as Rhopalomyia hypogaea but designated no types

and gave no specific data for specimens in his own collection. It seems

proper, therefore, to use a specimen from Felt's series referred to in Ahlberg

(1939).

Gall

This is a small, monothalamous, and conical gall occurring on the leaves,

young stems, sepals, and buds of commercially grown chrysanthemums. It is not

known from wild chrysanthemums and its geographical origin is conjectural. It

was, at one time, almost cosmopolitan (Barnes 1948, q.v. for complete

historical and economic review of this species). This gall was first

identified as Rhopalomyia hypogaea (Loew) by Felt (1915a), who assumed it had

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 69

been introduced to North America on commercial plant stock from Europe. After

the misidentification was corrected (Ahlberg 1939), Barnes (1939) suggested

that R. chrysanthemi had been introduced into England and Europe separately

from America because of the fact it was first noticed here in 1901 (Essig

1916). But perhaps the species originated in the eastern Palearctic Region.

Monzen (1937) described the Japanese R. chrysanthemum from galls. on

Chrysanthemum morifolium Hemsl. that are similar to those of R. chrysanthemi.

That plant is a native Asian species from which many horticultural varieties

have been developed. Yukawa (1971) has suggested that R. chrysanthemum and R.

chrysanthemi are synonymous.

Rhopalomyia clinata Gagné

Diarthronomyia californica Felt 1912:752, Junior secondary homonyn of

Rhopalomyia californica Felt 1908.

Rhopalomyia clinata Gagné 1975:483, new name for californica (Felt 1912a)

Diagnosis

This is a tiny species with a wing length of 1.5-1.6 mm in the male,

1.1-1.2 mm in the female. It has l-segmented palpi, toothed claws, trichoid

sensilla on the abdominal sterna, and males have a ventral lobe on the short

basimere. The adults could pass for those of R. occidentalis, but the pupa of

R. clinata is similar to that of R. cramboides with its short antennal horns

and frontal projections.

Types. Lectotype, male, here designated, Claremont, Los Angeles Co.,

California, C. F. Stahl, emerged JIII-12-1912, "Artemisia californica", C

a2269, USNM Type No. 29261. Paralectotypes, 4 males, 3 females, and galls in

USNM, and male, 3 females, and galls in Felt Collection, all with same data as

lectotype.

Gall

This is small, brown, monothalamous, subconical, thin walled, naked, and

protrudes at an oblique angle from the surface of the leaf. The gall is

figured in Felt (1940).

Rhopalomyia coloradella Cockerell

Rhopalomyia coloradella Cockerell 1904:155.

Diagnosis

Only a male remains of the type series in the USNM. It has a wing length

of 1.61 mm, the palpus is l-segmented, the claws are simple, the abdominal

sterna each have a pair of basal trichoid sensilla, the basimere appears to

have a mesoventral lobe, and the telomere is short-ovoid with a narrow tooth.

With this combination of characters, the specimen does not fit any of the bud

gall makers on A. tridentata.

Types. Lectotype, male, here designated, Colorado Springs, Colorado,

Artemisia sp., USNM Type No. 8250. Other specimens, at least one each of

70 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

female, pupa, larva, and gall, and possibly another male, all with same data

as lectotype, probably lost.

Gall

Cockerell (1904) described it as a deformed flower head, about 10 mm long

by 5.6 mm broad and covered by the greatly enlarged involucral bracts, which

are outwardly smooth, reddish to yellowish, and inwardly covered with white

trichomes. The host was given only as "Artemisia. sp." Inasmuch as

Rhopalomyia spp. appear to have narrow host preferences, future identification

of R. coloradella should be difficult.

Rhopalomyia floccosa (Felt)

Diarthronomyia floccosa Felt 1916b:195.

Diagnosis

The females have a wing length of 1.2-1.3 mm, 1 segmented palpi, toothed

claws, and sparse abdominal setae. Males are unknown.

Types. Syntypes, 2 females, from galls on "Artemisia californica" found

on ridge between Mill Valley and Muir Woods, Marin Co., California, emerged

XI-20 to 28, 1912, P. H. Timberlake. Type galls are probably lost. Other

specimens examined: galls, Santa Barbara, California, Felt Collection C1628.

Gall

This is large and woolly. It is figured in Felt (1940), and is known from

Marin and Santa Barbara Counties, California.

Rhopalomyia gnaphalodis Felt

Rhopalomyia gnaphalodis Felt 1911:484.

Diagnosis

Females have a wing length of 1.7-1.8 mm, have 2-segmented palpi, toothed

claws, 16-17 antennal flagellomeres, and basal trichoid sensilla on the

abdominal sterna. Males are unknown.

Types. Lectotype, female, here designated, Boulder, Colorado, emerged

IV-25 to 29-1910 from “Artemisia heterophylla', P.H. Timberlake, C 1633, in

Felt Collection. Paralectotypes, 2 males, 3 females, leaf with galls, same

data as lectotype; galls on buds of "A. heterophylla", Puente Hills, near

Whittier, Los Angeles Co., California, presumed lost; leaf with galls from "A.

tridentata", Salt Lake City, Utah, V-1915, in USNM (these probably are made by

R. hirtibulla).

Gall

This is a tiny, monothalamous, cylindrical, oblique leaf gall. Felt

(1916b) lumped together under this species galls from “Artemisia heterophylla"

and "A. tridentata", from California and Utah, respectively, presumably

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 71

because of superficial similarity. The described adults, however, were from

leaf galls on "A. heterophylla."

Rhopalomyia subhumilis Gagné

Rhopalomyia subhumilis Gagné 1977:426.

Diagnosis

This species has a 2-segmented palpus, toothed claws, a ventral-lobed male

basimere, a short, wide-toothed telomere, and pupal frontal projections and

well-developed antennal horns. The pupal head will readily distinguish R.

subhumilis from other Diarthronomyia with 2-segmented palpi and toothed claws.

Types. Holotype male, nr. Ephraim, Sanpete Co., Utah, in USNM.

Paralectotypes, same data, in USNM, Brigham Young University, and California

Academy of Sciences.

Gall

The gall is a polythalamous nodule on underground parts of the herbaceous

Artemisia ludoviciana (Nuttall.). Ranasinghe (1978) reported on the bionomics

of R. subhumilis in Utah.

Rhopalomyia tridentatae Riibsaamen

Rhopalomyia tridentatae Riibsaamen 1893:163.

Diagnosis

Wing length of the male is 2.1 mm, of the female, 1.6 mm. This is the

only sagebrush gall midge in North America with the combination of

2-seghmented palpi and simple claws. The male basimere has a mesoventral lobe

and the telomere is ovoid with a wide, apical tooth.

Types. Lectotype, male, here designated, North American, from “Artemisia

tridentata", in Riibsaamen Collection, Zoologisches Museum, Berlin (that

collection currently on loan to Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Stuttgart,

West Germany). Paralectotype, female, same data as male.

The type locality was originally and subsequently listed only as "North

America" and, although the type specimens bear no further locality data, the

locality can possibly be narrowed to California. The adults specimens were

sent to Riibsaamen by Dietrich von Schlechtendahl, an entomologist at the

University of Halle in Germany. Essig (1931), in his History of Entomology,

mentions Schlechtendahl only in the biography of H. H. Behr (1818-1904) in the

list of the latter's scientific friends. It is possible that Behr sent the

specimens to Schlechtendahl, an old friend and colleague in Halle. Behr came

to California in 1851 and, except for a brief visit to Germany, never left the

state (Essig 1931). An indication that a gall similar to one attributed to R.

tridentatae does occur in California is Felt's (1915b) statement that there

was a gall from California in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge

that might be attributable to this species. RJG has been unable to locate

72 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

this specimen.

Gall

Riibsaamen (1893) stated that the adults were reared from a gall on

“Artemisia tridentata" similar to that formed by the European R. artemisiae

(Bouché) on "Artemisia campestris", viz. a pea-sized, ovoid, bud-like flower

gall (Fig. 1303, Vol. 2, Houard 1909). No gall fitting that description was

found in Idaho during the course of this study.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges He)

LITERATURE CITED

Ahlberg, O. 1939. Diarthromyia chrysanthemi nom. nov. (= hypogaea Felt nec

Low). Entomol. Tiedskr. 60:274

Baker, C. F. 1895. Biological notes on some Colorado Diptera. Entomol. News

6:173-174.

Barnes, H. F. 1939. Some gall midge species and their host plant range. Ann.

Appl. Biol. 26:318-347

1948. Gall Midges of Economic Importance. Vol. IV: Gall

Midges of Ornamental Plants and Shrubs. Crosby Lockwood and Son, Ltd.,

London. 165 pp.

Beetle, A. A. 1960. A Study of Sagebrush. The Section Tridentata of

Artemisia. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 368, 83 pp.

Beetle, A. A. and A. Young. 1965. A third subspecies in the Artemisia

tridentata complex. Rhodora 67:405-406.

Bouché, P. F. 1834. Naturgeschichte der Insekten, besonders in Hinsicht

ihrer ersten Zustande als Larven und Puppen, I. Berlin. 216 pp., 10 pls.

Cockerell, T. D. A. 1890. Notes on some species of gall-gnats (Cecidomyiae).

Entomologist 23:278-282.

. 1904. Three new cecidomyiid flies. Can. Entomol.

36:155-156.

- 1909. A new gall-gnat on Artemisia. Can. Entomol.

41:150-151.

Dietert, R. S. 1938. The morphology of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Lloydia

1:3-74.

Essig, E. 0. 1916. The Chrysanthemum gall-fly, Diarthronomyia hypogaea F.

Loew. J. Econ. Entomol. 9:461-468.

| 1931. A History of Entomology. The Macmillan Co., N.Y., N.Y.,

1029 pp.

Felt, E. P. 1908. Appendix D. N.Y. State Mus. Bull. 124:286-422.

1911. New species of gall midges. J. Econ. Entomol. 4:476-484,

546-559.

. 1912. New gall midges or Itonididae (Dipt.). J. N.Y. Entomol.

Soc. 20:146-156.

1915a. A new pest, the Chrysanthemum Midge (Rhopalomyia hypogaea

H, Lwids WW. Beon. Batomoel. 8: 267.

1915b. Appendix: A study of gall midges, III. N.Y. State Mus.

Bull. 180:127-128, pls. 2,4-19 (1916).

74 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

1916a. 31st report of the State Entomologist on injurious and

other insects of the State of New York, 1915. N.Y. State Mus. Bull.

186:7-215.

- 1916b. New western gall midges. J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc.

24:175-196.

. 1917. Little known midge galls of certain composites. Ottawa

Nat. 31:13-14.

1940. Plant Galls and Gall Makers. Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca,

N.Y., 364 pp.

Foote, R. H. 1965. Family Cecidomyiidae. In Stone, et al., A Catalog of the

Diptera of America north of Mexico. USDA Agr. Handbook 627. Washington,

DC., iv + 1996 pp.

Fronk, W. D., A. A. Beetle and D. G. Fullerton. 1964. Dipterous galls on the

Artemisia tridentata complex and insects associated with them. Ann.

Entomol. Soc. Amer. 57:575-577.

Gagné, R. J. 1975. A redefinition of Diarthronomyia Felt as a subgenus of

Rhopalomyia Riibsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Oligothrophidi). Ann.

Entomol. Soc. Amer. 68:482-484.

1977. A new species of Rhopalomyia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

from Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall (Compositae) in Utah. Great Basin

Naturalist 37:426-428.

Houard, C. 1909. Les Zoocécidies des Plantes d'Europe et du Bassin de la

Méditerranée. A. Hermann et Fils, Paris. 2 Vols., 1247 pp.

Kinsey, A. C. 1936. The origin of Higher Categories in Cynips. Indiana

Univ. Pub., Science Ser. No. 4. Bloomington, Ind., 334 pp.

Monzen, K. 1937. On some new gall midges. Kontyfi 11:180-194.

Ranasinghe, M. A. S. K. 1977. Bionomics of a subterranean gall midge

(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Artemisia ludoviciana. Great Basin

Naturalist 37:429-442.

Rubsaamen, E. H. 1893. Vorléufige Beschreibung neuer Cecidomyiden. Entomol.

Nachr. Berlin 19:161-166.

Spence, A. P. 1969. Biology of the gall midge Rhopalomyia hirtipes 0. S.

(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Solidago juncea Ait. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.

Sta. Mem. 409. 58 pp.

Tisdale, E. W., M. Hironaka and M. A. Fosberg. 1969. The Sagebrush Region in

Idaho, a Problem in Resource Management. Univ. Idaho Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.

S12. L4-.pp.

Winward, A. H. and E. W. Tisdale. 1977. Taxonomy of the Artemisia tridentata

Complex in Idaho. Univ. Idaho, Coll. Forestry, Wildlife, Range Sci. Bull

19, 15 pp.

Yukawa, J. 1971. A revision of the Japanese gall midges (Diptera:

Cecidomyiidae). Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 8:1-203.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 75

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1. Locations, elevations, and host plants of study sites mentioned

in the text. 4

2. Summary of the gall forms on different plant organs by midge

species with seasonal occurrence, host and geographical prominence

in Idaho, 1969 through 1970. 10

3. Sex variation in rearings of R. pomum adults entrapped hourly in

relation to temperature and relative humidity for 2 days at Sites

2, 3 and 4, Twin Falls Co., Idaho, 1969. 16

4. Numbers of R. pomum adults entrapped hourly in relation to temperature

and relative humidity for 2 days at Sites 2, 3 and 4, Twin Falls Co.,

Idaho, 1969. 18

5. Abundance, distribution, and impact of R. pomum galls on 5 plants

at four study sites in Twin Falls Co., Idaho, 1969. 20

6. Numbers of R. ampullaria adults entrapped hourly in relation to

temperature and relative humidity for 3 days at Site 13, Cassia

Co., Idaho, 1969. 35

7. Numbers of R. gossypina adults entrapped hourly in relation to

temperature and relative humidity for 3 days at Site 24,

Minidoka Co., Idaho, 1969. 40

76 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1. Rhopalomyia pomum, female

2. Rhopalomyia pomum, male

3. Polythalamous leaf gall of R. pomum with pupal exuvia and damaged bud

4. Larval capsule of R. pomum with fiber connection to surface mark

5. Developing galls of R. pomum on October 23, 1969 at Site l

6. Developing galls of R. pomum on March 18, 1970

7. Galls of R. pomum on A. t. tridentata during emergence period

8. Mature persistent leaf galls of R. calvipomum with two damaged buds

9. Mature persistent leaf gall of R. hirtipomum

10. Confluent mature persistent leaf galls of R. hirtipomum

11. Mature persistent leaf gall of R. tubulus

12. Mature persistent leaf galls of R. hirtibulla

13. Mature persistent leaf galls of R. brevibulla

14. Mature persistent leaf galls of R. sp. 1

15. Mature persistent leaf galls of R. tumidibulla

16. Mature ephemeral leaf galls of R. ampullaria

17. Mature stem gall of R. ampullaria

18. Mature ephemeral leaf gall of R. culmata

19. Mature branch tip gall of

gossypina with pupal exuvia

20. Plant mortality caused by R. gossypina gall formation

21. Mature and old bud galls of R. lignea

22. Mature bud gall of R. sp. near lignea

20:5

24.

25.

26.

au.

28.

29.

30.

32.

34.

a0.

36.

37.

36.

40.

4l.

42.

43.

44,

45.

46.

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges

Mature bud gall of R. lignitubus

Developing bud gall of R. lignitubus on April 27, 1970 at Site 27

Mature bud galls of R. cramboides

Branch

Mature

Mature node gall of R.

mortality caused by R. cramboides gall formation

bud

gall of

jo 1 I IDI

anthoides on

florella

conica on

conica on A.

mammilla

obovata

|ct

jet

t. wyomingensis

t. vaseyana

tridentata

wyomingensis

confluent node galls of R. nucula

solitary node galls of R. nucula

node gall of R. medusa on A. t. wyomingensis

medusa with fibrous mass removed and pupae exposed

Old node galls of R. medusa on A. t. tridentata

Developing node galls of R. medusa on October 23, 1969 at Site 1

Mature node gall of

Mature stem gall of

Pupa,

Pupal

R. obovata

head,

R. obovata

R. calvipomum (22 mi. NE Preston, Franklin Co., ID)

medusirrasa

hirticaulis

tumidicaulis

R. calvipomum (7 mi S Mt. Home, Elmore Co., ID)

47.

48.

49.

50.

53.

54.

55.

56.

2 an

58.

60.

62%

62.

63.

64.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

tikes

Pupal

head,

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 1, 1983

Foc ec oe es oo

hirtipomum (9 mi W Bliss, Gooding Co., ID)

hirtipomum (9 mi W Bliss, Gooding, Co., ID)

tubulus (ibid. )

tumidibulla (3 mi N Mt. Home, Elmore Co., ID)

ampullaria (4 mi W Almo, Cassia Co., ID)

lignea (8 mi NW Mackay, Custer Co., ID)

cramboides (4 mi W Almo, Cassia Co., ID)

florella (8 mi W Arco, Butte Co., ID)

conica (5.5 mi E Gooding, Gooding Co., ID)

mammilla (8 mi NW Mackay, Custer Co.,.-.ID)

mammilla (8 mi NW Mackay, Custer Co., ID)

obovata (Galena Summit, Blaine Co., ID)

medusa (2 mi E Acequia, Minidoka Co., ID)

hirticaulis (12 mi W Kimima, Lincoln Co., ID)

hirticaulis (12 mi W Kimama, Lincoln Co., ID)

tumidicaulis (15 mi S Nampa, Canyon Co., ID)

Jones, Gagné and Barr: Rhopalomyia Gall Midges 79

Pupal head, R. tumidicaulis (15 mi S Nampa, Canyon Co., ID)

Dorsal view of male genitalia, R. pomum (8 mi W Bliss, Gooding Co., ID)

Ventral view of male genitalia, R. pomum (8 mi W Bliss, Gooding Co., ID)

Mesal view of male genitalia, R. pomum (8 mi W Bliss, Gooding Co., ID)

Male genitalia, lateral view of paramere with dorsal surface on right,

dorsal view of telomere, R. brevibulla (3 mi N Mt. Home, Elmore Co., ID)

Male genitalia, lateral view of paramere with dorsal surface on right,

dorsal view of telomere, R. brevibulla (3 mi N Mt. Home, Elmore Co., ID)

76.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.

86.

87.

88.

90.

91,

92.

93;

94.

95.

Male genitalia, R. hirtibulla (ibid.)

Male genitalia, R. tumidibulla (ibid.)

Male genitalia, R. tumidibulla (4 mi W Almo, Cassia Co., ID)

Male genitalia, R. ampullaria (ibid.)

Male genitalia, R. gossypina (2 mi E Acequia, Minidoka Co., ID)

Male genitalia, lateral view of paramere with dorsal surface on right,

dorsal view of

Male

genitalia,

dorsal view of

telomere, R. cramboides (4 mi W Almo, Cassia Co.,

ID)

lateral view of paramere with dorsal surface on right,

telomere, R. cramboides (4 mi W Almo, Cassia Co.,

Male genitalia, R. anthoides (22 mi S Hansen, Twin Falls, Co., ID)

Male genitalia, R. anthoides (22 mi S Hansen, Twin Falls Co., ID)

Male genitalia, R. medusirrasa (ibid.)

Male genitalia, R. hirticaulis (11.5 mi W Kimama, Lincoln Co., ID)

Male genitalia, R. obovata (5 mi E Twin Falls, ID)

Male genitalia R. obovata (5 mi E Twin Falls, ID)

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Contributions

of the

American Entomological Institute

Volume 21, Number 2, 1983

RHEOPHILIC AND HY PORHEIC

WATER MITES OF NEW ZEALAND

By David R. Cook

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Tit rOdUct ION. 6163. so sare Pee we es ]

Systematic Section <..4.4 sot eieenen ee oh iN bs 6 2

Zelandothyadinae ves: 65g esis 6 tue oe isle es 2

ZelangOtnyas so. ie ee ee es ba ee es 2

diam pnids: 454.66 e See eee ol es 2

Hydryphantidae .2.06.226553 ee eee es 3

Wandesiinde'.\.'.'. vise aa. ete eee a teed 3

BUWAanuesia’ Os or hoe ere eae Ae eee rie 3

PENOCDLIO. ic eiceei es eye ee ee arare eae 4

Pseudohydryphantinae... -.4 43) .3 77. ees 5s 4

Pseudohydry phantes* sss ves sea ae eee 4

DEDCIISG. iii et ee ae oe es cw é

mperchontidae si. sel ee a 5)

Apeltosperchontinge «0.5.56. ees ee cee vs 9)

Apeltosperchon .. 660 eh ie aes ees 9)

ZOEIANOICUS sc wae ieee Ol es ice es > 9)

Amisitsielidae ss ss. <s cee ee ots Pee eee. 6

Anisitsielhides 6s ioe eee eee 6

APVapNUG eos cce ee es a ae eee eee 6

Dartiuss, ss ci. oa ce ee iG 7

ORAGAG 6 bac Cie i eee vee ea ee 7

Flabelitiventipoda: . 345.6 sce s oka cee os 7

Key to the New Zealand species of

F labellairontipoda. «4 5 cs coos os te ek 8

SUI ais cto niea oo ne oe be a oie een o 4 ee

PAOIMOUIE 2) oss 5 eal sae cave eae heed 10

Ma StigOMNOVa we. s es ae A Se Ue rien a ll

TAGUSITIS 2 oe. ea ce Ga ae 12

WPA VAT ibis a isis Sassen 4a ne a rw ws 13

DO IAINOAC Rois Ok ya 0 a gs ae wo ke 14

WAGHIOIA Sy Meee se cess hoe ce eee eee 15

OVOMIORT 6. 06 ea Ges Ces eae twee wes 16

FEQUCEHIDAIDA 6 i556. 6 0hG Sa ee ieee eee sy

ORNS ale Cenc olay @ sivabied Meee: 18

SDs sie whee cee kee ee huis Wee MK ewe 18

AAMIOSIINDC 0. 5 a ee oc es te os ee eae s 19

Limnesia ...... eae a Ws 64 oa Cea ee ee 19

Key to the New Zeland species of

LADINO GIO on oo cas a Os wack as Ok Re 19

TOIGOI 4 kk ee base aa awe eee 20

reptans 2 os 6.45: caw a Saas ba oo we 21

TOVANGICA 6 ae FG ee oh Geo vo eee al

CORLOV Siscse skis oss a caine ba tas oe ees 22

BUSDO KA i 5 0G. o a gasses 4a ae ah #6 oielw oe 23

DIPCE A irk ee. 6 el ce aie 4k ea ee 24

LEGTACER oe soy leg soca Vee ell sales 25

NALCAPAR shee eee, vee sues S 26

CUOWGIIN is ees ca ick: eae 27

Hy GrTObatidae oo. 6 ced ws Cu che es as eek wae & 28

AUSLVALIONALOS 0s oc ka. ee a a ou ee cae 28

Key to the New Zealand species of

AUB ATION A Oe i ee ee eee eg 29

WiCUSE sce aie ch ae es ae a A es ca 29

SAVANUG “scien gee as bo eer ee eo eS 30

SOLIDAINI Sos ee aia he ee oe 31

SOLOING cs ol care ge tg ts als ais whe a wea 32

Notohyerobates ..4460..'.04 Kees eh do esa 33

BACHE YUAR 6 ees le se ew baa 33

MOE MNSODALCS yiials.s 4s a wide doula eka ces 34

SUZANUAG: <6 sie waisiewa ee se lawnh Mia aaneid <3 oD

PS DOUOUES ic 5s gia ub arak sce Hae aos aa ak 36

OPOICHIAUS 5 Gores Ce tkea hk ees fea 36

PCICUIA CAPS a oa em es ee ve eas oT

DaOIIOSIG: (ei ae ce ie ie ag 37

OA eee ey lee sunk Pes al, Ser. 38

Corticaicarus-like mitee iis am cece wens 39

ACIONOO RAT CS ise is cic digi sy a pcgide giao dine 39

CVINIMUG: 4 ao adek voce 00d Oe eee ee. 40

EOPRUSES 6504.66 0 a5 54 5G G PI AS in 5 wes 4]

ClOVAUUG. cris o's sive wie ie bow EEE eee 43

ASCVONGOVALCIIA: oes 6 eee we deel sc Gees 44

TID AS 60 iiss WS Wie wile 6 ets blew oe ee sw ee 45

PHIOMGAC: 64 s4 se 66k so 4 4 a ea es Be ee es 46

PiIOne 2456.56 66 es milele's Vis Wes 64 6 Oe We acca es 46

CRAMUA i. ws tea esos en's sia Pe we ee 46

PROVIOAG? 286 os 8 os eS eRe as 47

NOOATUNINAG’ Ji esis oe 0a Oe Cea eee ee err 47

Key to the New Zealand genera and sub-

eenera of Notoaturingie 2: 3.440326. 2) cox 49

PLATA CU PUG iy sas va lee es See ee ew a 52

Seva ie ves es Pees aS ees a os aw es 53

dunidbiad? 44.23% 5449444500654 54

WT AAnEACUIS sos os a es Se ee eS Vive D5

Key to the New Zeland species of

TAMAS 255555 6.55 bese ee ek a ks as 56

NODIINGE 6 6c 5a Oe PE CT eee Ot ee oS we 56

ACCIGONS 6. Vi ie ee re ee ee 58

ADONIS 6 6s 6G s cae os ae Cee ews G es DS

DROICCING 05 occ os hap cee re is eee ces 60

POC AUB as aw os vo os 5 Se Oe ee ces 61

COPNOPNOPUS sss wks so ek aes es owe oes 61

Omedatirus 4 o. a Gas A asis hoe 6a oes 62

POA TDN OIS ccs 4 oie Was vam Ate oes Wa ee wl 63

VPVESALITOUSIS co cca ive be scan ew cas 64

Key to the New Zeland species of

A PYESALUTOUGIS 2 65766 see plese 6k his 64

BSOWOS 5 cacp daca nis se es 6 ak Oe ek oh ee 65

WAU VICAUCALUS 050 as sie penance Gees 66

WOVUS See tase tee ieee eee cee ees 67

SOMVAQUS 420 sia ee cs hae ce a hewe 69

PRIOSAMUVUS cy i< sees cas PA ees eee eee 69

MUMOSUG SG as Sao ea ab eae ee 70

TV UVSROUUTUS Bi eee akc ee eens we ais 71

SDUNIPOS Wiese SEW es ee ca obese ec ween 71

NEOLPYSGALUIUS 44% < cfs cle uinea ae ele ee oe 712

POU GIS oso nk on Wid a any wraca ics as © es 73

DAEHOUS oh ek cas cba aaa e 6 6 eae 74

PSCGUO PV Sears Seek. sa wk ied ees 75

Key to the New Zeland species of

Pseudotryssaturus .......... Sieh as bas es 76

ADO PQUAANG os o's cur Gases a Gein cas eeees 7

ANCIIGCUE ns a ewok a he eae ee a cae wR 78

PERU S4 rh U hele 5 se ie hk ee eas 79

PAU NGS VIG ie vy cs Ss ok dee KR 81

CUCL VAGTINIG: < 5'y's wean sncote Ws elee a Chacon 81

OIL 6 gach ka RNs ee aan aia AG % welts eo arace 82

DCLG: 6 ig Se hs 0 ey see ok es be 84

Via sees ee ee can Ma hae eo 85

COTS oA cae as Caulk KG ER es 86

SCOULIONG (os 6 ks 6 wikecc cae a ewe ee eek 87

POUR ack dis 5 5 eg eok eS Ob wee eae 4 88

AIVOCAUOCAIN Al Gad sod ea Ns pale eee. 88

Werle is ei eas as oh ewan oe es 90

PAPAL YVGSOLUPUG i:<\as dew on 4 Kaw swale eas 90

Key to the New Zealand species of

PararPyssaiirus oo 466 aes o Be Ok hb a 91

A SUI SS ideas wins 5is Ga oe ae es 91

PUVA ws di hicnpmesnia Waid narrate dea een ex 93

DOCG IO Oe ia he ban Cues Kew aa eee. 94

Pe PALS 6 0c ois ho eae koe cele oe ee ee 95

PO ONWNAPWMS) oe a ad oo ak wR eo eC 95

Key to the New Zeland species of

VU AUIS ea ber OR Oa oS eek 95

TCU cad Say ow aes res 4b oS 97

ii CONTENTS

PENONNS Ss kske es i ees Ee ee ees 99 PAR IAGO MONI ese do Say oo secs Beene 117

PUCHOUS. tices > « o.4 Ss Fae ek es 100 DO]Y PIRCORNOTA:.. 5.5.6.6, 5:4:9hk wh esl ee raed 118

UNCIPALDIS- 5 cas ieee sees eu seb ss 101 WIOMIONION Sie u's vs a a 40s Ree ee ewe 118

BOPRUS. kos sbede ee eS 102 BOs Sore 40:8 bones ae die: aces aeatnea Pralanee eae 3 118

PPS |S og pe ne = eae es ee oe ea ee 103 BCS NS 5.5 ta a gale’ 9 4% 6 Smet EN 8 0% 119

PCNNAGUS 5.406 r ee bees eee eee es eS 104 NUGOMICEOUS16. tise sis eee s Co mcwraa ae wae ie BLO

POPYS US sk o ceed hee eo Re 105 BOP RODEIS ais sn 8 9:0 66 v8 ba a ape eeeees 119

ATAVUS. Se oi we oe ww da ee Oa ES Be 106 WeHIIASt CA CATICAR es boas sew cman ive ane eee 120

Rae eile cs ce ka Ss Ay Ra eee OS 107 MOP TMOU CA LINAC: 655 6a de a 6 M0 ww aloe eens 4 120

PPA CUADES «iced sich ot dae a6 vig ete ele rime 107 AustramideopsoOides .........ee00- cote tx LaO

AR co Wl eeiomann pnd ae ae ee ete ap 109 SE PTERIMALDIS vs. basin wea wastes 6 120

PROIOCUA: he sas wane nga eee wis wie ein 109 MRR YT secs ws eae tas, 8le Gas we elma mani OS 121

Be APOA O18 ia ie a ho see oe os Re oe lll PAA ECUEN 65 (ald g cohe 6 48 ebcelace: We eee ate enh 122

PITAL 95-0 see a a gue o,wredeni ate eidas oes 112 PRCA ATIG | 025. co. Sa: 86.8 von: Genes Ale weaoitas geo cae 122

MIGNON EG sao yep oa ov 8 Oe 6 © Se aes OES 112 BETH ALCUG soe dik pa ed a does eS 122

NGOMOIONIO: soy ak oo 5 «cs Wa eek abe ee es 112 EOL ie SNP ane a Paar ora ear enn oe wc ellen, cr omg 123

COT CUIDES a ire wad ee eee een ee 113 New Zealand Hyporheic Water Mites ........ 124

HOPRINGL «sy os os ce ae sao alee e 114 PESTO ONCCE gcse s eo do ¥ bo oe So 6 REE Chie eRe 125

TGV th drs bad ak ke oes ae 115 Ae ea ag: liek Nie lelg pg pg tasd.cal toi & aU RE eae ae A 126

PA TAMOCCIA is seks vo anes y eee Ces 116 Beh tg A UGe ate cue alpen o I & RS We SA a lpn eA aoe 223

RHEOPHILIC AND HYPORHEIC i

WATER MITES OF NEW ZEALAND

David R. Cook

Wayne State University

INTRODUCTION

This publication is the first in a series dealing with the water mites of

regions which were formerly part of Gondwanaland. The present work is based

largely on collections made by the author during a collecting trip to New Zea-

land in October and November of 1982. Also included are two species described

by Ceri Hopkins which were not recollected. A total of 93 species are illus-

trated and described, 73 of which are new. This paper serves two purposes.

First, it greatly increases the known species of New Zealand water mites and,

as the results appear as a Single unit, should be useful to the non-specialist in

identifying local species. To the latter end, keys are included for the more

Species-rich groups, Flabellifrontipoda, Limnesia, Australiobates and the Noto-

aturinae, and these taxa constitute nearly three-fourths of the known hydrachnid

fauna. Secondly, the descriptions will serve, when combined with the future

descriptions of water mites from other Gondwanan areas, as the basis for phy-

logenetic analyses of the relationships of the southern hydrachnids. Once these

relationships have been satisfactorily worked out, the data can be used to deter-

mine the zoogeographic history of these mites.

As the title suggests, collecting was confined almost exclusively to flowing

water situations. One exception was made, and Lake Ianthe on South Island was

sampled to see if close relatives of the stream inhabiting species might not also

occur in large, cool oligotrophic habitats. Three species were taken, of which,

two belonged to predominately lentic groups, Piona and the typical subgenus of

Arrenurus. The third species, a Flabellifrontipoda, is very closely related to

one of the rheophilic species. The fact that this number of additional species

was taken in a Single collection suggest there are still many unknown forms in

New Zealand lakes which, although they are much less zoogeographically inter-

esting than the rheophilic mites, will increase the number of known hydrachnids

of the country when adequate sampling is carried out. A rather large percent-

age of the stream inhabiting mites appear to be interstitial (= hyporheic) and

these are discussed on page 124.

Nearly all the previous work on New Zealand water mites has heb pub-

lished by three individuals, Ceri Hopkins, Taiji Imamura and Vida Stout, and

all of their relevant papers are included in the references section, whether or

not they are cited in the text.

Primary types are to be deposited in the National Museum, Wellington.

Measurements for the holotype and allotype are given first. If a number of

paratypes are available, size variation is given in parentheses following the

measurements of the primary types. Inthe case of previously described spe-

cies, Only the range of variation is presented.

Lconevapurids no. 406 from the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State

University. This work supported by a grant (DEB-8108264) from the National

Science Foundation.

2 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

I wish to express my appreciation to Drs. Ceri Hopkins, Graeme Ramsay

and Vida Stout for aiding the author in various ways either before or during the

stay in New Zealand. Thanks also goto Dr. Francis Sanders for preparing the

light microscope photographs and to Dr. Carmel Harkins for the scanning EM

pictures. Special thanks go to my wife, Alice, for the good company, excellent

map reading, and countless hours spent hunched over a collecting pan during

the trip.

SYSTEMATIC SECTION

Subfamily ZELANDOTHYADINAE, new subfamily

Diagnosis: A red water mite with a soft, papillate integument; dorsal scle-

rites consisting of paired lateral eye plates placed at right angles to the long

axis of body near anterior end; eyes pigmented; a reticulate, median plate sur-

rounding the postocularia present posterior to the eye plates (fig. 9); coxae in

four groups, with extensive associated apodemes, especially on posterior pairs

(fig. 3); genital field with movable genital flaps partially covering three pairs of

genital acetabula (fig. 5); acetabula slightly stalked; legs with numerous short

setae but no Swimming hairs; claws with numerous very small clawlets on each

side (fig. ll); capitulum attached to a tube of soft integument to form protrusible

mounthparts; capitulum normally completely withdrawn into the body; cheliceral

claw long and stylet-like; dorsodistal portion of P-IV with two heavy setae; P-V

with three small subterminal setae (fig. 8).

Type Genus: Zelandothyas, new genus, with the characters of the subfamily

and Z. diamphida is the type species.

Discussion: Adults of the genus exhibit a mixture of character states used

to define the superfamilies Eylaoidea and Hydryphantoidea and, at present, the

superfamily assignment is uncertain. An engorged larva was taken in one of

the stream collections and allowed to metamorphose into a nymph assignable to

the present mite. The cast larval integument is somewhat distorted but the im-

portant characters should be observable. This larva is to be described by Ian

Smith and, as larvae usually are better indicators of higher relationships, will

likely permit it to be placed with certainty in a superfamily and give hints as to

its nearest relatives at the family level. It almost certainly belongs in a sepa-

rate family but, as I have a distinctive new genus from Tasmania which appears

to be close enough to be placed in the same family, wish to delay a family diag-

nosis until the latter can be incorporated. Autapomorphic character states of

the present genus include the unusual lateral eye plates and median dorsal plate,

as well as the unusual apodemes associated with the posterior coxal groups.

The palp is somewhat ''Limnochares''-like, but the two dorsodistal heavy setae

on P-IV appear to be apomorphic. However, the new genus from Tasmania also

shares a somewhat similar palp, including the two heavy setae on P-IV.

1. Zelandothyas diamphida, new species

(Figs. 1-9, 11)

Female: Body soft, integument papillate; body color a bright orange; body,

not including the extensible capitulum, approximately 1370um-1520um in length;

lateral eyes pigmented and lying on narrow sclerites arranged at right angles to

long axis of body; a median, reticulate sclerite which surrounds the postocularia

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 3

lying immediately posterior to eye sclerites; this sclerite 532um (502um-

608um) in length, 304um (304um-319uUm) in width; structure of these dorsal

sclerites better illustrated (figs. 6, 9) than described; glandularia placed on

non-papillate portions of the integument rather than on actual sclerites; anterior

coxal groups close together medially and with posteriorly directed apodemes on

posterior margins of second coxae; posterior coxal groups narrow and placed

far apart on their respective sides; third coxae placed at right angles to long

axis of body, fourth coxae extending more or less directly posteriorly; two

extensive apodemes extending anteriorly from anterior margin of third coxae;

the more lateral of these apodemes extending posteriorly below the lateral mar-

gin of the fourth coxae (indicated by broken lines in figure 1); coxae with nume-

rous setae (fig. 3); genital field consisting of well developed genital flaps with

irregular medial margins, these 214um (200uUm-214um) in length; three pairs

of genital acetabula regularly arranged medial to the flaps; the acetabula are

actually somewhat stalked; figure 5 illustrates the structure of the genital field;

excretory pore is only a slit in a non-papillate portion of integument rather than

on a Sclerite; capilulum attached to a tube of soft integument forming protrusible

mouthparts; capilulum 288um (2964m-303m) in length and is narrowed anteri-

orly and the mouth opening is terminal; chelicera 318um (3llum-318um) in length;

cheliceral claw long and gradually tapering to a sharp point; figure 2 shows the

structure of the chelicera; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 8um (7um-

8um); P-II, 34um (324m-33y4m); P-III, 38um (35um-38um); P-IV, 59um (62um-

64um); P-V, 3lum (32um); chaetotaxy of P-I, II and II simple; P-IV with two

dorsal, thickened setae; P-V with three small subterminal setae; figure 8 shows

the structure of the palp; figure 7 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelice-

ra and palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 148um

(150um-155um); I-Leg-5, 170um (163um-170um); I-Leg-6, 1774m (1704m-179um);

figure 4 illustrates these segments; setae numerous on all legs; swimming hairs

absent; claws with lateral serrations (fig. 11).

Male: Except for averaging slightly smaller, male is nearly identical in

external morphology, and only measurements are given. Body approximately

1504m-1290um in length; reticulate dorsal plate 547um (478um-502um) in

length, 274um (278um-289um) in width; acetabular plates 192um (18544m-192um)

in length; capitulum 266um (252um-266um) in length; chelicera 270uUm (263um-

2734m) in length; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 5um (7um); P-I,

3lum (264m-294m); P-II, 3lum (32um-34um); P-IV, 56um (54um-55um);

P-V, 26um (264m-27um); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-4, 146um (1334m-142um); I-Leg-5, 152um (145um-157um); I-Leg-6,

167um (170um).

Holotype: Adult ?, from a tributary of the Whangamoa River on Rt. 6, some-

what west of Rai Saddle (at Collins Valley Picnic Grounds), South Island, Nov.

6G, iv62,

Allotype: Adult 3, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 3 Oo, 1 2, same data as holotype; 2 o, 19, Whangamoa River on

Rt. 6, approximately 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, South Island, Nov.

23, 1982.

Family HYDRYPHANTIDAE thor

Subfamily WANDESIINAE Schwoerbel

Genus EUWANDESIA Andre and Naudo

4 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

2. Euwandesia tenebrio Hopkins and Schminke

(Figs. 10, 12-15)

Euwandesia tenebrio Hopkins and Schminke, 1970. Acarologia, 12: 357.

Nymph: Body soft and elongated; integument papillate; body approximately

900 um in length; lateral eyes with associated pigment, these lying on an oval

anterior portion of body indistinctly set off by integumental folds (fig. 12); the

homologs of the small, median postocularia sclerite characteristic of adults of

this genus are two small separated sclerites (fig. 10); these sclerites 17um in

length and bearing the postocularia; coxae as shown by Hopkins and Schminke for

the adult; provisional genital field with two pairs of acetabula approximately 25um

in diameter; the acetabula on each side set in pits in the integument; a single seta

on the outer edge of one side (fig. 13); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,

174m; P-II, 40um; P-II, 38um; P-IV, 48um; P-V, 28um; P-V terminating in

three enlarged setae; figure 15 illustrates the proportions and chaetotaxy of the

palp; capitulum 170um in length; chelicera 174um in length; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 594m; I-Leg-5, 69um; I-Leg-6, 76um;

figure 14 shows these segments. :

Material Examined: Five engorged larvae taken in a sand bar of the Kaeo

River on Waiare Road, 4 km south of junction with Rt. 10, North Island, Oct. 21,

1982. One of these larvae allowed to metamorphose and a nymph of tenebrio

emerged. The mature nymph, on which the description is based, was collected

in bottom deposits of Whale Creek on Rt. 6, west of Murchison, South Island,

Nov. 7, 1982.

Discussion: It is possible to see the beginnings of the integumental flaps which

partially cover the acetabula in the adult. There is even a single seta on the me-

dial margin of the flaps in the nymph, the same area which in the adult a row of

setae are found. Also, the medial postocularia platelet of the adult is represent-

ed by a pair of widely separated platelets in the nymph (fig. 10).

Subfamily PSEUDOHYDRYPHANTINAE Viets

Genus PSEUDOHYDRYPHANTES Viets

3. Pseudohydryphantes bebelus, new species

(Figs. 16-22)

Female: Length of body 7294m; integument with low papillae; lateral eyes

in capsules; median eye placed almost between the postocularia platelets; no dor-

salia or lateralia present; sclerotization associated with glandularia forming a

complete ring surrounding the gland portion; figure 20 shows the structure of the

dorsum; length between anterior end of first coxae and posterior end of genital

field 426um; coxae in four groups; tips of first, second and third coxae with short

thickened setae; genital field extending between posterior coxal groups; excretory

pore on a well developed sclerite; figure 16 illustrates the ventral sclerites; gen-

ital field 192u4m in length, 120um in width; genital flaps relatively long and nar-

row; three pairs of genital acetabula, the first pair the longest (fig. 17); dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 46um; P-II, 784m; P-III, 50um P-IV, 141

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 5

um; P-V, 4lum; figure 19 illustrates the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp;

capitulum 207um in length; chelicera 3074m in length; dorsal lengths of the dis-

tal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 108 um; I-Leg-5, 126um; I-Leg-6, 144 um;

figure 22 shows these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 177um; IV-Leg-5, 1894m; IV-Leg-6, 185m; IlI-Leg-3

with two swimming hairs; II-Leg-4 with eight swimming hairs; IlI-Leg-5 with

10 swimming hairs; IV-Leg-3 with two swimming hairs; IV-Leg-4 with seven

Swimming hairs; IV-Leg-5 with eight swimming hairs; figure 18 illustrates IV-

Leg-4-6.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult ¢, from the Hope River on Rt. 6, between Glenhope and

Kawatiri, South Island, Nov. 25, 1982.

Discussion: This is the only known water mite genus with an amphiarctic

distribution. In addition to the New Zealand mite, three undescribed species are

known from Australia and three species have previously been described from the

northern portion of the holarctic region. The relationships of these Species will

be discussed in a paper on the Australian hydrachnids. The completely sclero-

tized ring surrounding the glandularia is sufficient to distinguish the New Zea-

land form from any of the others.

Family SPERCHONTIDAE Thor

Subfamily APELTOSPERCHONTINAE Cook

Genus APELTOSPERCHON Besch

4. Apeltosperchon zelandicus, new species

(Figs. 23-28)

Female: Length of body 5624m (532um-608um) in length; length between

anterior end of first coxae and posterior end of genital field 319um (350um-

364m); integument relatively smooth; dorsum without dorsalia but with small

glandularia sclerites; eye lenses fused with the integument to form very low eye

capsules, the anterior lens being much larger than the posterior lens (fig. 25);

capitular bay large; anterior coxal groups separated medially; suture lines be-

tween first and second coxae branching, with one branch ending near tip of ca-

pitular bay; a gland on each side near tips of first coxae; a sclerotized strip on

each side extending from anterior margin of third coxae to lateral margins of

second coxae (fig. 27); no glandularia present on third coxae; length from an-

terior end of pregenital sclerite to posterior end of postgenital sclerite 140um

(15544m); width of genital field 78um (85um-89um); three pairs of genital ace-

tabula; genital flaps close together posteriorly, but well separated anteriorly;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum (194m-2lum); P-II, 48 um

(48um-49um); P-III, 3lum (3lum-34um); P-IV, 524m (54m); P-V, 27 um

(27um-3lum); both P-II and P-III with a heavy seta near ventral side; a heavy

terminal seta on P-IV; figure 26 illustrates the proportions and chaetotaxy of the

palp; capitulum 107um (114um) in length; chelicera 148um (142um-159ym) in

length; figure 28 shows a lateral view of the capitulum and chelicera; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 694m (744m-76um);

I-Leg-5, 764m (834um-89um); I-Leg-6, 87um (964m-103uUm); figure 23 shows

these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-

6 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

4, 1l6um (13lum-1384m); IV-Leg-5, 118um (128um-14lum); IV-Leg-6, 12lum

(128um-1384m); figure 24 shows IV-Leg-5 and 6; swimming hairs absent.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 2, from a tributary of the Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop,

3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), North Island, Oct. 27, 1982.

Paratypes: 1, from the headwaters of Whangamata Stream, 10 km north-

west of Taupo, North Island, Nov. 3, 1982; 19, from a triputary of the Wakama-

rina River, 7 km southeast of Canvastown (off Rt. 6), South Island, Nov. 5,

1982.

Discussion: This is only the second species of the genus to be collected.

The first, Apeliosperchon schmitzi Besch, was taken in the austral portion of

Chile. The present species exhibits a much greater division into inner and outer

portions of the second coxae. Also, the fourth coxae of zelandicus are only

Slightly longer than the third coxae and the palpal segments are proportionally

shorter than in the species from Chile.

Family ANISITSIE LLIDAE Koenike

Genus ANISITSIELLIDES Lundblad

0. Anisitsiellides arraphus, new species

(Figs. 29-35)

Female: Dorsal shield 608um in length, 410um in width; dorsal shield bear-

ing the postocularia and four pairs of glandularia; a pair of ridges present near

lateral margins; dorsal furrow wide and containing five pairs of glandularia

sclerites; ventral shield 669um in length, 47lum in width; no separate sclerite

present at anterior end of ventral shield; ''glands of the third coxae"' shifted far

forward to a position on the second coxae (fig. 29); median coxal suture line

evident; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae nearly obliterated; genital field

140um in length, lllum in width; genital flaps bearing only a few setae; three

pairs of genital acetabula; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum;

P-II, 62um; P-III, 48um; P-IV, 100um; P-V, 22um; figure 32 shows the pro-

portions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 98um in length; chelicera 124um

in length; figure 33 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 83um; I-Leg-5,

934m; I-Leg-6, 1l7um; figure 31 illustrates these segments; dorsal lengths of

the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 107um; IV-Leg-5, 114um; IV-

Leg-6, 794m; two very long swimming hairs present on IV-Leg-5; claws absent

on IV-Leg-6; setae at tip of this segment short.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 2, from Te Whaiau Stream at junction of Rt. 47 and Roto-

aria Road, North Island, June 5, 1981.

Discussion: This is the second "typical" Anisitsiellides known from New

Zealand. Hopkins (1967) described A. zelandicus from a stream in the Tararua

Mountains of southern North Island. Both these New Zealand forms differ from

the two described from South America in having a completely fused ventral

shield. The two South American species have a separate anterior sclerite sim-

ilar to that shown for the following species (fig. 36). The present species dif-

fers from zelandicus in having a proportionally much shorter IV-Leg-6 relative

to IV-Leg-od and the three ventral setae of P-IV are placed much closer to the

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 7

distal end.

6. Anisitsiellides partitus, new species

(Figs. 36-42)

Female: Dorsal shield 456u4m in length, 3194m in width; dorsal shield bear-

ing the postocularia and four pairs of glandularia; dorsal furrow wide and with

four pairs of glandularia flanking the posterior two-thirds of the dorsal shield;

ventral shield 4864m in length, 3584m in width; a separate sclerite present at

anterior end of ventral shield; ''glands of the third coxae" shifted forward to the

second coxae (but not as far forward as in any of the previously described spe-

cies of the genus); median coxal suture line evident; posterior suture lines of

fourth coxae nearly obliterated; genital field 964m in length, 744m in width;

genital flaps bearing a few setae; three pairs of genital acetabula; figure 36

shows the structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 14um; P-II, 47um; P-I, 27um; P-IV, 60um; P-V, 224m; setal tubercles

on ventral side of P-IV prominent; figure 41 shows the proportions and chaeto-

taxy of the palp; capitulum 86um in length; chelicera 96um in length; figure 40

Shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 524m; I-Leg-5, 55um; I-Leg-6, 79um;

figure 42 illustrates these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 624m; IV-Leg-5, 66um; IV-Leg-6, 54um; one long swim-

ming hair present on IV-Leg-5; claws absent on IV-Leg-6 (fig. 38).

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult ¢, from Whale Creek on Rt. 6, west of Murchison, South

Island, Nov. 7, 1982.

Discussion: The present species differs most noticeably from all other spe-

cies of the genus, both in New Zealand and South America, in having the "glands

of the third coxae" not extending as far anteriorly, in having a well developed

setal tubercle on P-IV (fig. 40), and possessing only one swimming hair on IV-

Leg-9.

Family OXIDAE Viets

Genus FLABELLIFRONTIPODA Lundblad

Discussion: Kurt O. Viets (1978b) reviewed Flabellifrontipoda and pointed out

that a number of character states’ originally used to define the genus were not

confined to Flabellifrontipoda. Iam in agreement with most of his conclusions

and much of what is written below is only a further elaboration of the three main

characters he discussed. (1) Claws: The presence of a comb of numerous ven-

tral clawlets on the claws (figs. 79, 88) is the only character state not found in

other oxids. Utilizing other members of the superfamily Lebertioidea for out-

group comparisons, it seems certain this claw morphology is derived for the

genus Flabellifrontipoda. (2) Soft integumental projections at tip of first coxae:

These projections appear to be artifacts of preservation and slide making. I

believe them to be the linings of a pair of glands, with large openings, at tips of

the first coxae. Each half of the gland is lined separately, so there usually are

two integumental projections on each side. Depending on circumstances, both

projections, one projection or none are everted. It seems that these linings

are more likely to evert in Flabellifrontipoda than in other oxid genera, and they

8 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

do seem to show species differences. For example, they may be palmate as

in the type species of the genus-=similar to that shown in figure 57, or it may

be pinnate (fig. 51) or smooth (fig. 66). However, the degree to which these

structures evert is so variable as to make them unreliable for species diagnoses.

(3) Median ventral suture line: This structure is probably the homolog of a rather

extensive area of unsclerotized integument found in the nymphs of all oxids

(fig. 99). As Viets points out, this suture is not always thin in Flabellifrontip-

oda, and more commonly is apt to be only a median pore-free area. I also

found this variation in the New Zealand species. For permanent mounts of

members of this genus I orient them in lateral view after separating a mite into

right and left halves. In some species the specimen will break perfectly in two

along the suture line, indicating the presence of thin integument in this area.

In most of the species, however, even bending the two halves back and forth to

cause them to separate rarely results in the break coming at the suture line.

In these cases there has been much greater fusion at the suture line.

There are two species in Australia, including Frontipoda tasmanica Kurt

O. Viets, which are somewhat Flabellifrontipoda-like, but in which the median

ventral suture line is discernible only along part of the venter and the claws do

not bear a row of ventral clawlets. As Viets states, these should be in Frontip-

oda as presently defined. Only oxids with the numerous clawlets (and these spe-

cies generally have a well developed median ventral suture line along the entire

length) should be retained in Flabellifrontipoda. With basically only the claw

character one hundred percent valid for distinguishing Fvontipoda from F label-

lifrontipoda, Viets made the latter a subgenus of the former. Here, because

Flabellifrontipoda has geographic continuity (all are confined to Gondwanan

areas and probably are exclusively austral) as well as possessing the claw char-

acter, it is tentatively retained as a genus, but I do not feel strongly either way

about its taxonomic position.

KEY TO THE NEW ZEALAND

SPECIES OF FLABELLIFRONTIPODA

1, Five pairs of glandularia present in the dorsal unsclerotized strip

(fig. 43); five pairs of glandularia on posterior two-thirds of

oe Cie) ons ees es pee F. smithi, new species .......(p. 9)

No glandularia lying in the dorsal unsclerotized strip; ten pairs

of glandularia on posterior two-thirds of body (fig. 51).......... waite

2. P-II longer than P-IV and P-V combined (figs. 91, 94, 96) ........ ee

P-IM much shorter than P-IV and P-V combined (fig. 54) ...... AO ORO 5

3. P-IV fused with P-IV; P-II nearly four times as long as high (fig. 94)

F. reductipalpa, new species ...... (pe tT)

P-IV and P-V not fused; P-III proportionally much shorter and

stockier, roughly two or less times as long as high ............. fk Salem

4. Body relatively long and narrow (fig. 90); P-II approximately twice

as long as high (fig. 91); IV-Leg-5 with six or seven swimming

haive av iiw tae Be Gpeestta F. ladilofa, new species ........ (p. 15)

Body relatively high fie, 95); P-II much less than twice as long

as high (fig. 96); IV-Leg-5 with 17-18 swimming hairs

F. crameri, new species ..... . (p. 16)

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 9

Oo. setae at tip of IV-Leg-6 nearly same length as IV-Leg-5 and 6

combined; IV-Leg-5 with three or four swimming hairs .............6. 6

Setae at tip of IV-Leg-6 much less than the combined length

of IV-Leg-5 and 6; seven or more Swimming hairs on IV-Leg-5 ....... 7

6. Two long setae near tip of IV-Leg-6; genital acetabula placed

relatively close together (figs. 51, 56)

F. hadinoma, new species ..... (p. 10)

Three long setae near tip of IV-Leg-6; genital acetabula spaced

relatively far from each other (figs. 57, 63)

F. mastigophora, new species .... (p. 11)

7. One of the posteroventral four pairs of coxal glandularia placed

relatively far forward (fig. 82, arrow); setae at tip of IV-Leg-6 |

longer than that segment (fig. 85) F. zelandica Hopkins ......... (p. 14)

None of the posteroventral four pairs of coxal glandularia placed

far forward (fig. 66); setae at tip of IV-Leg-6 shorter than the

Sortie (ie TT dane ae ek ee oa ae Pea Vanes fuerte eke cae eh 8

8. Very large species (760 um in length, 616 um in height; deeply

pigmented; inhabits lakes .... F. lacustris, new species ......... (p. 12)

Smaller species (up to 700um in length, 547um in height); not

deeply pigmented; inhabits rheophilic habitats

F. bravana, new species ......... (p. 13)

7. Flabellifrontipoda smithi, new species

(Figs. 43-49)

Female: Length of body 6234m (532um-653um); height of body 364um

(297um-4024m); coxae greatly expanded and occupying all of body except for a

median unsclerotized strip extending from anterior end dorsally to the genital

field; unsclerotized strip with paired postocularia platelets, three narrow median

sclerites and five pairs of glandularia (fig. 43); posterior two-thirds of coxal

area bearing only five pairs of glandularia (fig. 44). genital flaps 159um (133um-

155um) in length; three pairs of genital acetabula; excretory pore on a small

weakly sclerotized plate immediately posterior to genital field; median ventral

suture line evident; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 25um (24um-

264m); P-II, 30um (26um-33um); P-III, 24um (22um-24um); P-IV, 33um

(3lum-35um); P-V, 14um (12um-14um); ventral side of P-IV noticeably expanded

and rounded; figure 49 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capit-

ulum 114um (1044m-126um) in length; chelicera 100um (97uUm-107um) in length;

figure 45 illustrates a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal

lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-l, 39um (36um-40um); I-Leg-2,

35um (3lum-34um); I-Leg-3, 25um (23u4m-26um); I-Leg-4, 55um (45um-

60um); I-Leg-5, Tlum (59um-76um); I-Leg-6, 85um (69um-93um); claws with

numerous clawlets; figure 47 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the first

leg; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 69um

(59um-72um); IV-Leg-5, 76um (664m-89um); IV-Leg-6, 72um (56um-68um);

longest seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 90um (87uUm-99uUm) in length; figure 46 shows

10 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

IV-Leg-5 and 6. :

Male: Similar to female but averaging smaller and genital flaps are pro-

portionally much shorter; length of body 47lum (480um-532um); height of body

270um (274um-304um); genital flaps 93um (87um-89um) in length; dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum (2lum-24um); P-II, 26um (24um-

27um); P-II, 22um (23um-24um); P-IV, 28um (29um-30um); P-V, llum

(10um-l2um); capitulum 964m (100um-107um) in length; chelicera 76um (82um-

844m) in length; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-1, 36um

(34um); I-Leg-2, 284m (29um-3lym); I-Leg-3, 23um (24um-25um); I-Leg-4,

40um (45um-46um); I-Leg-5, 55um (58um-60um); I-Leg-6, 72um (69um-76

44m); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 55um

(554m-57um); IV-Leg-5, 67um (60um-63um); IV-Leg-6, 62um (52um-58um);

longest seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 72um (69um-86um) in length.

Holotype: Adult °, from the Shag River near its headwaters on Rt. 85,

2km west of Pigroot Summit (Central Otago), Nov. 16, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 0", same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 2 2, from Orauhora Stream on Rt. 30, between

Barryville and Benneydale, June 6, 1981; 1, 5 2, from Pohue Stream at Waiomu

(Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 26, 1982; 19, tributary of the Waiwawa River at

AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982;

4 3%, 6%, from Torere River at Torere on Rt. 35 north of Opotiki, Oct. 28, 1982;

3 o, 2¢, stream 1 km north of Tohere (east of Opotiki), Oct. 29, 1982; 10, 2 9,

from stream at Omaukoro Bridge on Rt. 2, in the ''Gorge"' south of Opotiki,

Oct. 29, 1982; 2 o%, 12, from Orauhora Stream on Rt. 30 between Bennydale and

Barryville, Oct. 31, 1982; 192, from Otupoto Stream on Rt. 32, west of Lake

Taupo, Nov. 3, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 12, from the Whangamoa River on Rt. 6,

3 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle (north of Nelson), Nov. 6, 1982; 2 2, from

Whale Creek on Rt. 6, west of Murchison, Nov. 7, 1982; 2 o, 79, Potters Creek

on Rt. 6, between Bruce Bay and Lake Paringa (north of Haast), Nov. 10, 1982;

1¢, from Boyd Creek on Rt. 94, 76 km south of Milford Sound, Nov. 14, 1982;

4 o, 172, same data as holotype; 12, White Rock River (southwest of Timaru),

where Cliffs Road branches off Pareora Cave Road, Nov. 18, 1982; 4 7, 46 9,

from the Oaro River at Oaro, on Rt. 1, approx. 20 km south of Kaikoura, Nov.

19, 1982; 2 37, Hope River on Rt. 6, between Glenhope and Kawatiri, Nov. 25,

1982.

Discussion: This is the only New Zealand species of Flabellifrontipoda with

glandularia lying in the dorsal unsclerotized strip, but shares this characteris-

tic with species from both Australia and South America. However, the present

species has a proportionally less high body than these other species and P-IV is

more expanded and ventrally rounded in smithi (fig. 49). The relationships of

all the species of the genus will be discussed in a paper treating the Australian

fauna.

8. Flabellifrontipoda hadinoma, new species

(Figs. 50-56)

Male: Length of body 744um (672um-744um); height of body 440um (4llum-

440um); coxae greatly expanded and occupying all of body except for a median

unsclerotized strip extending from anterior end of body dorsally to the genital

field; unsclerotized strip with paired postocularia platelets, three narrow, me-

dian sclerites and three pairs of lyrifissures (fig. 50); posterior two-thirds of

coxal area bearing 10 pairs of glandularia; body gradually tapering when viewed

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand ll

laterally (fig. 51); genital flaps 140um (122um-140um) in length; three pairs of

acetabula; excretory pore ona small, weakly sclerotized area immediately pos-

terior to the genital field; median ventral suture line evident; dorsal lengths of

the palpal segments: P-I, 29um (294um-30um); P-II, 35um (364m-38um); P-III,

35um (3lum-36um); P-IV, 53um (50um-53um); P-V, 2lum (19um-22um); fig-

ure 54 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 150um (148um-

159um) in length; chelicera 137um (1244um-133um) in length; figure 52 shows a

lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the segments

of the first leg: I-Leg-1, 48um (43um-46um); I-Leg-2, 46um (42um-45um);

I-Leg-3, 48um (42um-47um); I-Leg-4, 66um (62uUm-65um); I-Leg-5, 864m

(83um-89um); I-Leg-6, 104um (100um-104um); claws with numerous clawlets;

figure 53 shows the structure of the first leg; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 93um (83um-96um); IV-Leg-5, 104um (93um-

107um); IV-Leg-6, 834 (66Um-83um); tip of IV-Leg-6 with two very long setae,

159um (14944m-183um) in length; two or three swimming hairs present on IV-Leg-

0; figure 95 shows IV-Leg-5 and 6.

Female: Similar to male but genital field is proportionally longer; length of

body 7454m (6994m-805um); height of body 425um (410um-456um); genital flaps

174m (163um-185u4m) in length; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-1, 50um (44um-49yum); I-Leg-2, 45um (44um-45um); I-Leg-3, 45um

(464um-48um); I-Leg-4, 67um (66Um-69um); I-Leg-5, 83um (85um-87um);

I-Leg-6, 79um (734m-76um); two long setae present at tip of IV-Leg-6, these

1624m-166um in length.

Holotype: Adult o, from a stream at Owhiritoa Bridge on Rt. 2, in the

"Gorge" south of Opotiki, North Island, Oct. 29, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 3, from stream at Sandy's Bridge on Rt. 2,

between Opotiki and Gisborne, June 3, 1981; 1%, from a stream 1 km north of

Tohere, on Rt. 35 east of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 11 o, 9 2, same data as holo-

type; 1°, 5 2, from stream at Opato Bridge on Rt. 2, south of Opotiki, Oct. 29,

1982; 26 o, 22 , from stream at Sandy's Bridge on Rt. 2, in ''Gorge'' south of

Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 9 o7, 79, from stream at Gerrards Bridge on Rt. 2, in

"Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 1 2, from Graham

Stream on Rt. 6, at picnic grounds 8 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov.

6, 1982; 5 o, 2 ¢, from Whangamoa River on Rt. 6, 3 km northeast of Whanga-

moa Saddle (north of Nelson), Nov. 6, 1982;10, 3 9, from a tributary of the

Motupiko River on Rt. 6 between Korere and Glenhope, Nov. 7, 1982; 10, Four

Mile River on Rt. 6, between Charleston and Tiromoana, Nov. 8. 1982; 5 o%, 8 9,

in MacLennan River at bridge on Aurora Creek Rd. (Catlins State Forest area)

between Puketiro and Rt. 92, Nov. 12, 1982; 1, from Dunton Creek on Rt. 94,

85 km south of Milford Sound, Nov. 14, 1982; 11 of 10 9, from Whangamoa River

on Rt. 6, approx. 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982,

Discussion: The two whip-like setae on IV-Leg-6 which are nearly as long

as IV-Leg-5 and 6 combined (fig. 55) are diagnostic.

9. Flabellifrontipoda mastigophora, new species

(Figs. 57-64)

Female: Length of body 449um; height of body 272um; coxae greatly ex-

panded and occupying all of body except for a median unsclerotized strip ex-

tending from anterior end of dorsum to genital field; unsclerotized strip with

12 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

paired postocularia platelets, five short, narrow median sclerites and three

pairs of lyrifissures (fig. 58); posterior two-thirds of coxal area bearing 10

pairs of glandularia (fig. 57); genital flaps 126um in length; three pairs of geni-

tal acetabula, these small and widely separated from each other; excretory pore

on a Small indistinct sclerite posterior to genital field; median ventral suture

line well developed; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum; P-II,

254m; P-III, 25um; P-IV, 27um; P-V, 9um; P-III noticeably expanded distally;

figure 61 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 86um in

length; chelicera 764m in length; capitulum and chelicera as shown for the male;

dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-1, 334m; I-Leg-2, 27um;

I-Leg-3, 24um; I-Leg-4, 38um; I-Leg-5, 52um; I-Leg-6, 624m; claws with

numerous clawlets; figure 60 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the first

leg; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the forth leg: IV-Leg-4, 55um; IV-

Leg-5, 69um; IV-Leg-6, 59um; IV-Leg-6 terminating in three long setae, the

longest of which is 138um in length; IV-Leg-5 with three or four long swimming

hairs. figure 64 shows IV-Leg-5 and 6.

Male: Similar to female except in proportions of the genital field; length of

body 456um; height of body 289um; genital flaps 79um in length; three pairs of

genital acetabula, these small and well separated from each other (fig. 63) but

not to the extent found in female; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,

224m; P-II, 27um; P-III, 28um; P-IV, 29um; P-V, 9um; capitulum 90um in

length; chelicera 80um in length; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-1, 32um; I-Leg-2, 25um; I-Leg-3, 244m; I-Leg-4, 4lum; I-Leg-5, 58um;

I-Leg-6, 684m; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-

4, 60um; IV-Leg-5, 70um; IV-Leg-6, 494m; three long setae at tip of IV-Leg-

6, the longest of which is l2lum.

Holotype: Adult 2, from Waitaanga Stream near the town of the same name,

on Rt. 40 west of Ohura, North Island, Oct. 31, 1982.

Allotype: Adult o, from Four Mile River on Rt. 6, between Charleston and

Tiromoana, South Island, Nov. 8, 1982.

Discussion: The three long setae at tip of IV-Leg-6, which are approxi-

mately same length as IV-Leg-5 and 6 combined, plus the presence of widely

separated acetabula, are diagnostic.

10. Flabellifrontipoda lacustris, new species

(Figs. 65-71)

Female: Length of body 760um; height of body 6164m; body relatively wide,

approximately 410um in width; coxae greatly expanded and occupying all.of the

body except for a median strip extending from anterior end of dorsum to genital

field; unsclerotized strip with paired postocularia platelets, three narrow, me-

dian sclerites and three pairs of lyrifissures (fig. 69); posterior two-thirds of

coxal area bearing 10 pairs of glandularia (although epimeroglandularia 1 placed

so far posteriorly that they may appear as an eleventh pair--fig. 66); genital

flaps 192m in length; three pairs of genital acetabula, these elongated and are

placed close together; excretory pore on a small weak sclerite immediately

posterior to genital field; median ventral suture line well developed; dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 394m; P-II, 43um; P-III, 36um; P-IV,

59um; P-V, 194m; figure 68 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp;

capitulum 149um in length; chelicera 128um in length; figure 70 shows a lateral

view of the capitulum and chelicera; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-1l, 53um; I-Leg-2, 52um; I-Leg=-3, 42um; I-Leg-4, 73um; I-Leg-5,

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 13

1044m; I-Leg-6, 107um; claws with numerous clawlets; figure 67 illustrates the

proportions and chaetotaxy of the first leg; dorsal lengths of the distal segments

of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 145um; IV-Leg-5, 1934m; IV-Leg-6, 183um; tip of

IV-Leg-6 with two elongated setae (fig. 71), these 107um in length: IV- -Leg-5 with

11-12 swimming hairs,

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult ¢, from Lake Ianthe on Rt. 6, between Pukekura and Evans

Creek, South Island, Nov. 9, 1982.

Discussion: The present species closely resembles the following species.

See remarks under the latter.

ll. Flabellifrontipoda bravana, new species

(Figs. 72-77, 81)

: Female: Length of body 608um (668um-699um); height of body 486um

(502um-547um); coxae greatly expanded and occupying all of body except for a

median unsclerotized strip extending from anterior end of body dorsally to the

genital field; unsclerotized strip with paired postocularia platelets, three nar-

row median sclerites and three pairs of lyrifissures (fig. 76); posterior two-

thirds of coxal area bearing 10 pairs of glandularia (epimeroglandularia 1 are

placed sufficiently far posteriorly as to appear as an llth pair); body more or

less rounded posteriorly when viewed laterally (fig. 73); genital flaps 167um

(167um-228u4m) in length; three pairs of genital acetabula, these elongated and

placed close together on their respective sides; excretory pore lying on a small

sclerite immediately posterior to genital field; median ventral suture line well

developed; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 34um (25um-4lum); P-

II, 42um (4lum-45um); P-II, 35um (36um-4lum); P-IV, 46um (48um-55um);

P-V, 17um (164m-20um); palp as illustrated for male; capitulum 135um (138

um-162um) in length; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-l,

55um (52um-62um); I-Leg-2, 45um (47um-52um); I-Leg-3, 36um (38um-45

um); I-Leg-4, 62um (65um-79um); I-Leg-5, 864m (91um-100um); I-Leg-6,

93um (964m-107um); claws with numerous clawlets; structure of first leg is

similar to that illustrated for male; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 118um (123um-133um); IV-Leg-5, 155um (168um-177uUm);

IV-Leg-6, 1634m (1634m-1774m); two elongated setae at tip of IV-Leg-6, these

90um (90um-114y4m) in length; IV-Leg-5 with 9-1l swimming hairs.

Male: Similar to female but averaging smaller and genital field proportion-

ally shorter; length of body 608um (5254m-653um); height of body is 486um

(410um-502um); genital flaps 130um (121lum-144um) in length; dorsal lengths of

the palpal segments: P-I, 33um (3lum-39um); P-II, 4lum (36um-43um); P-III,

38um (3lum-38um); P-Iv, 47 (45um-52um); p-v, 17um (17um-19um); figure

81 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 13lum (128um-

148um) in length; figure 74 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera

and palp; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-l, 52um (42um-

48um); I-Leg-2, 484m (42um-48um); I-Leg-3, 38um (35um-44um); I-Leg-4,

58um (62um-72um); I-Leg-5, 86um (834m-93um); I-Leg-6, 90um (90uUm-

97um); figure 72 illustrates these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 118um (lllum-125um); IV-Leg-5, 155um (141

um-163um); IV-Leg-6, 137um (133 um-148um); setae at tip of IV-Leg-6, 87um

(83 um-104um) in length; 10-11 swimming hairs on IV-Leg-5; figure 75 sane

IV-Leg-5 and 6.

14 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Holotype: Adult 2, from Pohue Stream at Waiomu (Coromandel Peninsula),

Oct. 26, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 0, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 7 ¢, from Waikohatu Stream on Rt. 12 (in

Kauri Forest), May 29, 1981; 1, from Otupoto Stream on Rt. 32, between

Hingarae Rd. and Waihaha Rd. (west of Taupo), June 6, 1981; 4 9, from Manga-

kowiriwiri Stream on Rt. 32, at Kakako Rd. turnoff (northwest of Lake Taupo),

June 6, 1981; 2 2, Waikohatu Stream on Rt. 12 (in Waipoua State Forest), Oct.

24, 1982; 10, 49%, same data as holotype; 1 “, from Orauhora Stream on Rt. 30,

between Barryville and Benneydale, Oct. 31, 1982; 2 o, 8 2, Waitaanga Stream

near town of Same name, on Rt. 40 west of Ohura, Oct. 31, 1982; 3 o, 3 2, from

Mangamawhete Stream on Rt. 3, between Inglewood and Stratford (Egmont area),

Nov. 1, 1982; 6 oF, 10 2, from a stream on Rt. 6, just north of Makatote viaduct

between Raetiki and National Park, Nov. 2, 1982; 3 o, 3 2, Makakomiko Stream

on Rt. 4 (1 km south of Erua), between Erua and National Park, Nov. 2, 1982;

2,59, from stream on Rt. 32, at Kakao Rd. turnoff (northwest of Taupo),

Nov. 3, 1982; 8 o, 2 2, Otupoto Stream on Rt. 32, west of Lake Taupo, Nov. 3,

1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 1 o%, 12, Opouri River between Carluke and Opouri Valley

on Tennyson Inlet Rd., Nov. 6, 1982; 19, Potters Creek on Rt. 6, between Bruce

Bay and Lake Paringa (north of Haast), Nov. 10, 1982; 2c, 6 2, Catlin River on

Morris Saddle Rd. (in Catlin State Forest area) between Lawanui and Owaka,

Nov. 12, 1982; 40, 42, from a tributary of the Tahakopa River on Tahakopa

Rd., 5.5 km from Waikawa Valley Rd., Nov. 12, 1982; 2 o, 42, Pourakino River

at Pourakino Picnic Grounds (in Longwood State Forest), on Harrington Rd.

south of Otautau, Nov. 13, 1982; 4 2, from Boyd Creek on Rt. 94, 76 km south

of Milford Sound, Nov. 14, 1982; 7°, 3 2, from the Hope River on Rt. 6, between

Glenhope and Kawatiri, Nov. 25, 1982.

Discussion: The present species resembles F. lacustris in most character-

istics but differs as follows: The distal segments of the first leg, fourth leg and

P-IV are proportionally longer in lacustris. F. lacustris is also a much more

deeply pigmented species and lives in lakes rather than streams.

12. Flabellifrontipoda zelandica Hopkins

(Figs. 78-80, 82-85)

Flabellifrontipoda zelandica Hopkins, 1975. Jour. Royal Soc. New Zealand,

520

Female: Length of body 790uUm-835um; height of body 540um-608um; coxae

greatly expanded and occupying all of body except for a median unsclerotized

strip extending from anterior end of dorsum to the genital field; unsclerotized

strip with paired postocularia platelets, four narrow median sclerites and three

pairs of lyrifissures (fig. 83); posterior two-thirds of coxal area bearing 10 pairs

of glandularia, one pair of these (fig. 82, arrow) extending anteriorly more or

less in line with middle of genital field; body noticeably tapering posteriorly

when viewed laterally; genital flaps 182um-197um in length; three pairs of geni-

tal acetabula, these elongated and placed close together on their respective sides;

excretory pore ona small sclerite immediately posterior to the genital field;

median ventral suture line well developed; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments;

P-I, 34um-38um; P-II, 4lum-444m; P-III, 39um-4lum; P-IV, 654um-66um;

P-V, 18um-20um; figure 80 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp;

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 15

capitulum 1624m-169um in length; figure 78 shows a lateral view of the capitu-

lum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-

I, D90um-o08um; I-Leg-2, 48um; I-Leg-3, 52um-55um; I-Leg-4, 76um-83um;

I-Leg-5, 98um-104um; I-Leg-6, 100um-106um; claws with numerous clawlets;

figure 79 shows the first leg; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth

leg: IV-Leg-4, lllum-1ll8um; IV-Leg-5, 140um-14lum; IV-Leg-6, lllum-118um;

two elongated setae at tip of IV-Leg-6, these 152um-176um in length; IV-Leg-5

with seven swimming hairs.

Male: Similar to female but slightly smaller and genital field proportionally

shorter; length of body 760um; height of body 554um; genital flaps 1524m in

length; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 38um; P-II, 4lum; P-III,

4lum; P-IV, 664m; P-V, 19um; capitulum 166um in length; dorsal lengths of

the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-l, 554m; I-Leg-2, 45um; I-Leg-3, 544m;

I-Leg-4, 76um; I-Leg-5, 90um; I-Leg-6, 103m; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 110um; IV-Leg-5, 133um; IV-Leg-6,

103um; two long setae at tip of IV-Leg-6, these approximately 1734m in length;

IV-Leg-5 with six swimming hairs.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 1 o%, from Waikohatu Stream on Rt. 12

(in Kauri Forest), May 29, 1981; 192, Orauhora Stream on Rt. 30, between the

towns of Barryville and Benneydale, June 6, 1981; 192, from a stream on Rt. 6,

just north of Makatote Viaduct between Raetiki and National Park, Nov. 2. 1982.

Discussion: The anterior shifting of one of the lower coxal glandularia (fig.

82, arrow) is diagnostic.

13. Flabellifrontipoda ladilofa, new species

(Figs. 86-91, 93)

Male: Length of body 623um (6694m-684um); height of body 395um (456um);

coxae greatly expanded and occupying all of body except for a median unsclero-

tized strip extending from anterior end of dorsum to genital field; unsclerotized

strip with paired postocularia platelets, three narrow median sclerites and with

three pairs of lyrifissures (fig. 86); posterior two-thirds of coxal area bearing

10 pairs of glandularia; body gradually tapering posteriorly when viewed lateral-

ly (fig. 90); genital flaps 106um (llum) in length; three pairs of genital acetab-

ula, these elongated and placed very close together on their respective sides;

excretory pore on a small sclerite immediately posterior to the genital field;

median ventral suture line well developed; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 17um (164m-20um); P-II, 34um (35um-37um); P-ID, 38um (3lum-35um);

P-IV, 13um (13um-l4um); P-V, 8um (7um); figure 91 shows the proportions

and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 138um (14lum-145um) in length; chelicera

10444m (114um); in length; figure 93 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, che-

licera and palp; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-1, 35um

(38um-40um); I-Leg-2, 38um (38um-40um); I-Leg-3, 28um (27uUm-29um);

I-Leg-4, 46um (46um-48um); I-Leg-5, 664m (69um-76um); I-Leg-6, 76um

(79um-83um); claws with numerous clawlets; figure 88 shows the proportions

and chaetotaxy of the first leg; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth

leg: IV-Leg-4, 100um (104um-107um); IV-Leg-5, 118um (13lum); IV-Leg-6,

97um (1074m-110um); two elongated setae at tip of IV-Leg-6, these 104um-

124um in length; IV-Leg-5 with seven swimming hairs.

Female: Similar to male but averaging somewhat larger and the genital

flaps are proportionally longer; length of body 738um; height of body 502um;

16 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

genital flaps 170um in length; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum;

P-IT, 364m; P-III, 364m; P-IV, 14um; P-V, 9um; capitulum 15544m in length;

chelicera 110um in length; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-

1, 44um; I-Leg-2, 4lum; I-Leg-3, 27um; I-Leg-4, 48um; I-Leg-5, 76um; I-

Leg-6, 83um; dorsal lengths of distal segments of fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, lllum;

IV-Leg-5, 124m; IV-Leg-6, 107um; setae at tip of IV-Leg=6 broken; IV-Leg-

. with six swimming hairs.

Holotype: Adult &, from Waikohatu Stream on Rt. 12 (in Waipoua State For-

est), North Island, Oct. 24, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, from a stream on Rt. 6, just north of Makatote Viaduct

between Raetiki and National Park, North Island, Nov. 2, 1982.

Paratypes: 2 o%, from Orauhora Stream on Rt. 30, between Barryville and

Benneydale, North Island, June 6, 1981.

Discussion: This is the first of three species in which there has been a very

great reduction in P-IV and P-V, and P-III has taken over the usual function of

P-IV. The level of reduction of size of P-IV and P-V forms a transformation

series (figs. 96, 19, 94) with P-IV and P-V actually fused in the last species.

Based on structure of the palp, the present species is closest to the following

species, F. crameri (compare figures 91 and 96). See remarks under the latter

for characteristics which will separate the two.

14, Flabellifrontipoda crameri, new species

(Fig. 96)

Male: Length of body 60lum (653um); height of body 479um (486um); coxae

greatly expanded and occupying all of body except for a median unsclerotized

strip extending from anterior end of dorsum to the genital field; unsclerotized

strip with paired postocularia platelets, three narrow median sclerites and three

pairs of lyrifissures; posterior two-thirds of coxal area bearing 10 pairs of

glandularia; shape of body in lateral view as shown for the related species (fig.

95); genital flaps 104um (lllum) in length; three pairs of genital acetabula, these

elongated and placed very close together on their respective sides; excretory

pore ona small sclerite immediately posterior to the genital field; median ven-

tral suture line well developed; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 24um

(264m); P-II, 35um (36um); P-III, 27um (264m); P-IV, 164m (18um); P-V, 8

44m; figure 96 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 156um

(159um) in length; chelicera 128um (114um) in length; capitulum and chelicera

Similar to that shown in figure 93; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-l, 45um (48um); I-Leg-2, 444m (4lum); I-Leg-3, 33um (3lum); I-Leg-4,

55um (55um); I-Leg-5, 85um (83um); I-Leg-6, 864m (8lum); claws with numer-

ous clawlets; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4,

90um (l00um); IV-Leg-5, 124um (13lum); IV-Leg-6, 121m (117um); two elon-

gated setae at tip of IV-Leg-6, these 104um-l07um in length; IV-Leg-5 with 17-

18 swimming hairs.

Female: Similar to male but genital flaps are proportionally longer; length

of body 632um; height of body 502um; genital flaps 177um in length; dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 25um; P-II, 35um; P-III, 28um; P-IV,

l7um; P-V, 9um; capitulum 152m in length; chelicera 12lum in length; dor-

sal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-l, 4lum; I-Leg-2, 38um; I-

Leg-3, 27um; I-Leg-4, 52um; I-Leg-5, 79um; I-Leg-6, 86um; dorsal lengths

of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, l00um; IV-Leg-5, 134um;

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 17

IV-Leg-6, lllum; longest seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 12lum in length; IV-Leg-5 with

17 swimming hairs.

Holotype: Adult o, from Waikohatu Stream on Rt. 12 (in Kauri Forest),

North Island, May 29, 1981.

Allotype: Adult 2) same data as holotype.

Paratype: 1 o, from Boom Stream on Rt. 25, between Hakaai and Whanga-

mata, North Island, Oct. 27, 1982.

Discussion: As mentioned under the preceding species, ladilofa and crameri

seem closely related. F. crameri has a high body similar to that shown in fig-

ure 95 (compare this with the lateral view of the previous species--figure 90).

IV-Leg-5 bears 17-18 swimming hairs in the present species, only six or seven

in the previous species. There are also distinct palpal differences (compare

figures 91 and 96).

15. Flabellifrontipoda reductipalpa, new species

(Figs. 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100)

Female: Length of body 684um (669um-744um); height of body 514um (514

4m-562um); coxae greatly expanded and occupying all of body except for a me-

dial unsclerotized strip extending from anterior end of dorsum to genital field;

unsclerotized strip with paired postocularia platelets, three narrow median scle-

rites and three pairs of lyrifissures; posterior two-thirds of coxal area with 10

pairs of glandularia (fig. 95); genital flaps 157um (155um-177um) in length; three

pairs of genital acetabula, these elongated and placed close together on their

respecitive sides; excretory pore ona small sclerite immediately posterior to

the genital field; median ventral suture line well developed; dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 194m (20uUm-22um); P-II, 52um (5lum-54um); P-II,

40um (37um-39um); fused P-IV and P-V, 19um (18um-2lum); P-III much less

high than in the previous two species and P-IV and P-V have actually fused (al-

though area of fusion is discernible); figure 94 illustrates the proportions and

chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 152um (1594um-162um) in length; chelicera

1l4um (1144m-12lum) in length; figure 92 shows a lateral view of the capitulum,

chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-l, 42

um (44um-48um); I-Leg-2, 44um (42um-44um); I-Leg-3, 27um (244m-29um);

I-Leg-4, 5lum (45um-52um); I-Leg-5, 73um (76um-79uUm); I-Leg-6, 83um

(83 um-87um); claws with numerous clawlets; I-Leg-3 with two medial setae

greatly thickened; figure 97 shows the structure of the first leg; dorsal lengths

of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 1l4um (114um-119uUm); IV-Leg-

5, 145um (142um-155um); IV-Leg-6, 12lum (12lum-12644m); two elongated setae

at tip of IV-Leg-6, these 128um-138um in length; IV-Leg-5 with 11-13 swimming

hairs.

Male: Similar to female but averaging somewhat smaller and genital field

proportionally shorter; length of body 654um (593um-662um); height of body

47lum (4264m-502um); genital flaps 106um (98um-106um) in length; dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 20um (20um-2lum); P-II, 49um (47um-

5lum); P-III, 36um (34um-35um); hicee P-IV and P-V, 18um (17um-20um);

capitulum 149um (145um-155um) in length; chelicera 107um (104um-11]4um) in

length; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-l, 45um (46um-

48um); I-Leg-2, 43um (4lum-45um); I-Leg-3, 26um (264Um-28um); I-Leg-4,

48um (46um-52um); I-Leg-5, 76um (69um-75um); I-Leg-6, 85um (83um-

874m); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 107um

18 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

(96um-104um); IV-Leg-5, 14lum (12lum-132um); IV-Leg-6, ll4um (l14um-121

um); two elongated setae at tip of IV-Leg-6, these 104um-128um in length; IV-

Leg-5 with 10-12 swimming hairs.

Holotype: Adult 2, from a stream on Rt. 12 at Kaihu (Northland), North Is-

land, May 29, 1981.

Allotype: Adult o, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 4 &%, 3 2, same data as holotype; I 2, collected

in Waikohatu Stream on Rt. 12 (in Kauri Forest), May 29, 1981; 1, 19, from

Pohue Stream at Waiomu (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 26, 1982; 1, from the

Tapu River, i km east of Tapu (Coromandel Peninsula) Oct. 27, 1982;1¢, 19,

from a tributary of Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen

(Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982; 1, Orauhora Stream on Rt. 30, be-

tween Barryville and Bennydale, Oct. 31, 1982; 3 o, 4 9, from Waitaanga Stream

near town of same name, on Rt. 40 west of Ohura, Oct. 31, 1982; 12, Otupoto

Stream on Rt. 32, west of Lake Taupo, Nov. 3, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 1 2, from

the Hope River on Rt. 6, between Glenhope and Kawatiri, Nov. 25, 1982.

Discussion: The morphology of the palp, with P-IV and P-V actually fused,

and P-III much longer than high, is diagnostic for the present species.

Genus OXUS Kramer

16. Oxus sp.

(Figs. 99, 101-103)

Nymph: Body 47lum in length, 243um in width; dorsum unsclerotized; coxal

area with a median unsclerotized strip (fig. 99); provisional genital field 4lum

in length, 38um in width; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lyu; P-I,

24um; P-II, 23um; P-IV, 38um; P-V, 13um; figure 102 illustrates the pro-

portions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 904m in length; chelicera 79uUm

in length; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-l, 38um; I-Leg-

2, 28um; I-Leg-3, 28um; I-Leg-4, 45um; I-Leg-5, 52um; I-Leg-6, 60um; fig-

ure 101 shows the first leg; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth

leg: IV-Leg-4, 594m; IV-Leg-5, 79um; IV-Leg-6, 86um; elongated seta at tip

of IV-Leg-6, 10lum in length; IV-Leg-5 with seven or eight swimming hairs.

Material Examined: 1 nymph, from a tributary of the Waiwawa River at the

AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982.

Discussion: As it is difficult to assign a species name to a nymphal oxid, the

present specimen is unnamed and it is included mainly for later comparison with

Australian species of the genus. It was initially thought that only Flabellifrontip-

oda, a strictly austral group, occurred in New Zealand and, of 600 specimens of

Oxidae found (including nymphs), a single nymph of Oxus was taken. It is pos-

sible that adults of this species occur only at other seasons of the year althouth,

based on life histories of this genus in other parts of the world, this seems very

unlikely. It is also possible that the species normally inhabits an entirely dif-

ferent habitat, possibly a lake or pond, and its occurance ina stream was an

accident. However, natural lentic situations apparently do not occur on the

Coromandel Peninsula. A third possibility is that the mite may have arrived on

its insect host from Australia. The apparent lack of species shared by New

Zealand and Australia attests to the rarity with which species from one area are

actually able to establish in the other. However, it seems probable that, from

time to time, water mites as parasites of winged aquatic insects do survive the

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 19

trip between the two regions. However, it is very unlikely that these mites,

few in number and probably widely scattered, are able to reproduce or compete

with the established fauna. Both would be necessary in order to actually estab-

lish a permanent population. Once the nymphal material from my Australian

collections have been put on slides, it will be possible to compare the New Zea-

land specimen to see if it is conspecific with one of the Australian Oxus. If so,

this likely represents an isolated case of dispersion.

Family LIMNESIIDAE Thor

Genus LIMNESIA Koch

KEY TO THE NEW ZEALAND

SPECIES OF LIMNESIA

Dorsal and ventval shields absent . oe ir ci ss 6 0s hee eee se ee ee wees e% :

Well developed dorsal and ventral shields present .........06- ee eee 3

Glandula Limnesiae near anterior margin of third coxae (fig. 104);

ventral side of P-IV with numerous small setal tubercles

(iss. 105, 106) 20 iio. L. foldoma, new species .......... (p. 20)

Glandula Limnesiae near middle of third coxae (fig. 116); ventral

side of P-IV with only a few setal tubercles (fig. 112)

DL. yeptans HOpMiNs . iat i ees (p. 21)

Nine pairs of dorsal glandularia, these either on the dorsal shield

or in the dorsal furrow; body deeply pigmented .........cccecccccsecs 4

Eight pairs of dorsal glandularia, these either on the dorsal shield

or in the dorsal furrow; body lightly pigmented or pigment absent ..... 3)

Dorsal shield with six pairs of glandularia (fig. 120)

L. zelandica, new species ......... (p. 21)

Dorsal shield with five pairs of glandularia (fig. 128)

L. conroyi, new species ........ ets a)

5. The following five species can be distinguished by the number of

dorsal glandularia pairs incorporated into the dorsal shield and

are not presented dichotomously.

A. Three pairs of glandularia on dorsal shield (fig. 130)

L. auspexa, new species .......... (p. 23)

B. Four pairs of glandularia on dorsal shield (fig. 140)

L. birgelda, new species ......... (p. 24)

C. Six pairs of glandularia on dorsal shield (fig. 146)

L. testacea Hopkins .............. (p. 25)

D. Seven pairs of glandularia on dorsal shield (fig. 150)

L. halearda, new species .......6- (p. 26)

E. Eight pairs of glandularia on dorsal shield (fig. 157)

L. crowelli, new species ......... (op. 27)

20 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

17. Limnesia foldoma, new species

(Figs. 104-110)

Male: Length of body 1150um (1140um-1215um); dorsum with a posteromedi-

al muscle attachment platelet 125um (107um-125um) in length, 118um (89um-

104m) in width; length between anterior end of first coxae and posterior end of

genital field 744um (7144m-805um); first coxae separated medially but close

together for a relatively long distance; posterior apodemes of anterior coxal

groups short; Glandula Limnesiae shifted to a spot close to anterior margin of

third coxae; epimeroglandularia 1 free; genital field 273 um (244um-259um) in

length, 310um (293um-3264m) in width; three pairs of genital acetabula, these

relatively large and occupying much of the area of the genital field; only a few

setae present on genital flaps; figure 104 illustrates the ventral sclerites; dor-

sal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 34um (30um-34um); P-II, oe (155

4m-178um); P-III, 96um (96um- iium)s P-IV, 174um (167um- 1Bluea)s:P

68um (63um- 744m): ventral side of P-II bulging and with a short, peg- sine seta;

P-IV with two rows of small setal tubercles giving the distal portion of ventral

Side a serrate appearance (fig. 106); capitulum 236um (222um-258um) in length;

chelicera 407um (3924m-444um) in length; figure 107 illustrates a lateral view

of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

first leg: I-Leg-4, 199um (189uUm-200um); I-Leg-5, 248um (229um-244uUm);

I-Leg-6, 2194m (204um-222um); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 318um (303uUm-370um); IV-Leg-5, 340um (3llum-326um);

IV-Leg-6, 318um (2884m-303um); IV-Leg-5 with 11-15 swimming hairs; IV-Leg-

6 with six or seven swimming hairs; subterminal seta on IV-Leg-6 relatively

short.

Female: Similar to male except in structure of palp and genital field; length

of body 1290um (1210um-1520um); posteromedial platelet of dorsum 187m (111

um-148um) in length, 125um (104um-118um) in width; length between tips of

anterior coxae and posterior end of genital field 760um (684um-850um); genital

field 303um (2744m-333um) in length, 214um (214um-236um) in width; three

pairs of genital acetabula, these occupying most of the area of the genital flaps

(fig. 109); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 37um (30um-37um); P-II,

167um (155um-185um); P-III, 1154um (104um-126um); P-IV, 185um (177um-214

um); P-V, 85um (7lum-89um); P-IV proportionally longer and with fewer ven-

tral setal tubercles than in male (fig. 105);-capitulum 25lum (237uUm-28lum) in

length; chelicera 458um (4444m-518um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 200um (192uUm-236um); I-Leg-5, 256um

(236um-28lum); I-Leg-6, 229um (2144m-252um); figure 108 shows I-Leg-5

and 6; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 330um

(296um-392um); IV-Leg-5, 355um (3llum-407um); IV-Leg-6, 3llum (28lum-

355um); IV-Leg-5 with 12-17 swimming hairs; IV-Leg-6 with seven or eight

Swimming hairs; figure 110 shows IV-Leg-5 and 6.

Holotype: Adult o, from the Haparapara River, 4 km north of Omaio (East

Cape District), North Island, Oct. 28, 1982.

Allotype: Adult $, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 9 o, 6 2, same data as holotype; 2 Oo, 4 2, from the Hope River

on Rt. 6, between Glenhope and Kawatiri, South Island, Nov. 25, 1982.

Discussion: The combination of numerous small setal tubercles on P-IV,

anterior shifting of the Glandula Limnesiae and presence of swimming hairs on

IV-Leg-6 will easily separate the present species from all other known members

of the genus.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 21

18. Limnesia reptans Hopkins

(Figs. 111-116)

Limnesia reptans Hopkins, 1966. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 8: l.

Male: Length of body 638um; dorsum with a posteromedial muscle attach-

ment platelet 170uUm in length, 894m in width; postocularia on sclerites which

are approximately double the size of the glandularia bases (fig. 115); length be-

tween anterior end of first coxae and posterior end of genital field 479um; first

coxae separated medially but close together; posterior apodemes of anterior

coxal group short; Glandula Limnesiae in a line with the medial setae of third

coxae; epimeroglandularia 1 fused with second coxae; genital field 1924um in

length, 1884m in width; three pairs of genital acetabula, these relatively small

and Occupying only a small portion of the surface of the genital field; numerous

peripheral setae present lateral to the acetabula; figure 116 illustrates the ven-

tral sclerites; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 33um; P-I, 126um;

P-III, 894m; P-IV, 148um; P-V, 524m; peg-like seta on ventral side of P-II

short and pointed; figure 112 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp;

capitulum 170um in length; chelicera 28lum in length; figure 111 shows a lateral

view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments

of the first leg: I-Leg-4, lllum; I-Leg-5, 137um; I-Leg-6, 148um; figure 114

shows I-Leg-5 and 6; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-

Leg-4, 1554um; IV-Leg-5, 1894m; IV-Leg-6, 185um; seta at tip of IV-Leg-6,

126um in length; no swimming hairs present.

Female: See Hopkins (1966a).

Material Examined: This species is an inhabitant of helocrene spring seeps

and was not recollected. This specimen, taken by Ceri Hopkins from the type

locality (spring in valley of Mangakotukutuku River, near Paraparaumu) is here

only included for the sake of completeness. Presently, only two species of

Limnesia lacking dorsal and ventral shields are known from New Zealand, and

are so distinct from each other that the characters given in the key are easily

sufficient to distinguish the two.

19. Limnesia zelandica, new species

(Figs. 117-120, 122, 126)

Male: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 456um in length,

330um in width; dorsal shield bearing six pairs of glandularia and is flanked by

three pairs of glandularia in the dorsal furrow; eye lenses relatively large, eye

pigment present; integument pigmented; ventral shield 547um in length, 410um

in width; capitular bay U-shaped and with a median cleft; Glandula Limnesiae

located close to suture line between third and fourth coxae; a well developed

ridge on each side extending anteriorly from openings for insertion of the fourth

legs; genital field area 99um in length, 118um in width; three pairs of genital

acetabula; gonopore 63um in length; excretory pore and a pair of glandularia

fused with ventral shield; figure 118 shows the structure of the ventral shield;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 17um; P-II, 66um; P-III, 52um;

P-IV, 86um; P-V, 40um; structure of palp as described and illustrated for the

female; capitulum 192um in length; chelicera 207um in length; capitulum elon-

gated and without posterodorsal projections; capitulum attached to a tube of soft

22 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

integument to form protrusible mouthparts; figure 119 shows a lateral view of

the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

first leg: I-Leg-4, 80um; I-Leg-5, 96um; I-Leg-6, ll2um; figure 122 shows I-

Leg-5 and 6; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4,

91lum; IV-Leg-5, 107um; IV-Leg-6, 109um; seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 664m in

length; structure of IV-Leg-5 and 6 similar to that of the related species (fig.

123); swimming hairs absent.

Female: Similar to male except for genital field region; dorsal shield 509

um (479um-547um) in length, 399um (380um-406um) in width; dorsal shield

as described for male (fig. 120); ventral shield 623um (608um-658um) in length,

510um (4794m-517um) in width; genital field 148um (14lum-155um) in length,

137um (1364m-148um) in width; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 17um

(17um-2lum); P-II, Tlum (76um-78um); P-III, 52um (48um-52um); P-IV, 92

um (93um-l00um); P-V, 4lum (40um-42um); a short, pointed peg-like seta on

ventral side of P-II, figure 126 illustrates the palp; capitulum 214um (214um-

229um) in length; chelicera 237um (229um-2584m) in length; capitulum pro-

trusible as described for male; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 83um (834m-87um); I-Leg-5, 97um (97um-100um); I-Leg-6, 111

um (110um-117um); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-

Leg-4, 104um (106um-114um); IV-Leg-5, 1l0um (11l4um-12lum); IV-Leg-6, 121

um (1234m-128um); seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 76um (594um-85um) in length;

Swimming hairs absent.

Holotype: Adult &, from the Hope River on Route 6, between Glenhope and

Kawatiri, South Island, Nov. 25, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 3 2, same data as holotype; 1°, from a tributary of the Waiwawa

River at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), North

Island, Oct. 27, 1982; 19, Kaituna River on Rt. 6, 5 km south of Havelock,

South Island, Nov. 22, 1982.

Discussion: The present species is most closely related to the following

species. They both are deeply pigmented and have well developed eyes and lens-

es. The capitulum is very long and without posterodorsal projections in both

species and is attached to a tube of soft integument to form protrusible mouth-

parts. In addition, they have a total of nine pairs of dorsal glandularia, either

incorporated into the dorsal shield or in the dorsal furrow (and only one pair of

glandularia fused with the posterior portion of the ventral shield). See remarks

under the following species for characters which will separate the two.

20. Limnesia conroyi, new species

(Figs. 121, 123) 126, 127, 128)

Male: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 517um (532um) in

length, 395um (380um) in width; dorsal shield bearing five pairs of glandularia

and is flanked by four additional pairs of glandularia in the dorsal furrow (fig.

128); eye lenses relatevely large, eye pigment present; integument deeply pig-

mented; ventral shield 589um (60lum) in length, 47lum (456um) in width; ca-

pitular bay U-shaped and with a median cleft; Glandula Limnesiae located close

to the suture line between third and fourth coxae; a well developed ridge on each

side extending anteriorly from insertions of fourth legs; genital field area 100um

(102m) in length, 122um (126um) in width; three pairs of genital acetabula;

gonopore 784m (8l1um) in length; excretory pore and one pair of glandularia are

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 23

incorporated into the posterior end of ventral shield; figure 127 illustrates the

structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 19um

(184m); P-II, 69um (744m); P-III, 544m (55um); P-IV, 93um (96um); P-V, 36

um (38um); figure 125 illustrates the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; ca-

pitulum 207um (214um) in length; chelicera 2294m (246um); in length; capitulum

elongated and without posterodorsal projections; capitulum attached to a tube of

soft integument to form protrusible mouthparts; structure of capitulum as shown

for the related species (fig. 119); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 74um (76um); I-Leg-5, 90um (90um); I-Leg-6, 107um (107um);

figure 121 shows I-Leg-5 and 6; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth

leg: IV-Leg-4, 90um (92um); IV-Leg-5, 102um (104um); IV-Leg-6, l0um (111

um); seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 554m in length; figure 123 illustrates IV-Leg-5 and

6; swimming hairs absent.

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult o, from Waikohatu Stream on Rt. 12 (in Kauri Forest),

North Island, May 29, 1981.

Paratype: 1 o, same data as holotype.

Discussion: The present species is closely related to the preceding, L. ze-

landica, but differs in having only five pairs of glandularia (instead of six) on

the dorsal shield, and the male possesses a proportionally much larger gono-

pore (compare figures 127, 118).

21. Limnesia auspexa, new species

(Figs. 124, 129-133)

Female: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 646um in length,

486m in width; dorsal shield bearing three pairs of glandularia and flanked by

five pairs of glandularia in the dorsal furrow; eye lenses well developed; integ-

ument lightly pigmented; ventral shield 638um in length, 562um in width; capit-

ular bay somewhat V-shaped and with a short median cleft; Glandula Limnesiae

placed close to suture line between third and fourth coxae; no ridges extending

anteriorly from openings for insertion of fourth legs; genital field 177um in

length, 155um in width; three pairs of genital acetabula, there placed very close

to the periphery; first pair of acetabula well separated from the other two pairs;

the individual described here had not yet become completely sclerotized and the

excretory pore and two pairs of glandularia shown free in the integument of the

venter (fig. 129) without doubt would have been incorporated into the ventral

shield in a fully sclerotized specimen; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-

I, 26um; P-I, 88um; P-III, 62um; P-IV, 132um; P-V, 42um; a small peg-like

seta on ventral side of P-II; figure 132 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of

the palp; capitulum 1484m in length; chelicera 222um in length; capitulum rela-

tively short and with well developed posterodorsal projections; mouthparts not

protrusible; figure 131 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 93um; I-Leg-9,

1l0um; I-Leg-6, 125m; figure 133 shows I-Leg-5 and 6; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 138m; IV-Leg-5, 162um; IV-Leg-

6, 159m; seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 72um in length; figure 124 shows IV-Leg-5

and 6; swimming hairs absent.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Newly metamorphosed ¢, from the Tapu River, 1 km east of Tapu

(Coromandel Peninsula), North Island, Oct. 27, 1982.

24 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Discussion: This is the first of five species with dorsal and ventral shields

in which there are a total of eight dorsal glandularia, either incorporated into

the dorsal shield or free in the dorsal furrow (and there are two pairs of glandu-

laria typically fused with the posterior portion of the ventral shield). The pres-

ent species differs from the others in this group in lacking ridges extending an-

teriorly from the region of insertion of the fourth legs, and the body is more

rounded. This species is also typically pigmented and seems to be an inhabitant

of superficial waters. The other four species of the group exhibit loss of eye

and integumental pigment and are members of the interstitial water assemblage.

Specimens collected by Dr. Ceri Hopkins in a "Swampy streamlet in the Waika-

nae River system, Tararua Mountains'', North Island, also belong to this species.

22. Limnesia birgelda, new species

(Figs. 134-138, 140, 141)

Male: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 502um (456um-479

uum) in length, 308um (2894m-334um) in width; dorsal shield bearing four pairs

of glandularia and flanked by four additional pairs in the dorsal furrow (fig. 140);

eye lenses reduced, eye pigment absent; integumental pigment absent, ventral

shield 585um (540um-569um) in length, 380um (342um-395um) in width; capit-

ular bay U-shaped and with a small median cleft; Glandula Limnesiae well me-

dial to suture line between third and fourth coxae; a well developed ridge on each

Side extending anteriorly from insertions of fourth legs; medial margin of third

coxae very long; genital field area 103um (964m-100um) in length, 126um (109

4m-l18um) in width; three pairs of genital acetabula, anterior pair close to-

gather medially and well removed form the other pairs; gonopore 66um (59um-

634m) in length and placed posteriorly on genital field; excretory pore and two

pairs of glandularia incorporated into the posterior portion of the ventral shield;

figure 136 shows the structure of the venter; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 2lum (19um-20um); P-II, 69um (67um-Tlum); P-III, 60um (54um-

574m); P-IV, 112um (106um-109uUm); P-V, 32um (3lum-32um); structure of

palp as shown and described for female; capitulum 124um (lllum-118um) in

length; chelicera 199um (1944m-200um) in length; capitulum with posterodorsal

projections and not protrusible; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 78um (70um-73um); I-Leg-5, 964m (90um-93um); I-Leg-6, 114

zm (lllum); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4,

87um (80um-83um); IV-Leg-5, 107um (96um-104um); IV-Leg-6, ll4um (114um-

ll7um); seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 58um (45um-55um) in length; swimming hairs

absent.

Female: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 558um (502um-

532um) in length, 349um (304um-349um) in width; dorsal shield as described

for male; ventral shield 638um (577um-612um) in length, 426um (375um-441

44m) in width; genital field extending much farther forward between the coxae

and thereby greatly shortening the medial margins of the third coxae; otherwise,

ventral shield much as described for male; genital field 163um (150um-155um)

in length, 137um (122um-128um) in width; genital field widest anteriorly; geni-

tal acetabula small, anterior pair well separated from posterior two pairs; fig.

138 illustrates the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 21

um (20um); P-II, 76um (72um-76um); P-III, 65um (55um-59um); P-IV, 123

um (11l4um-122um); P-V, 3lum (32uUm-33um); ventral side of P-II with a short

peg-like seta which extends somewhat distally; figure 134 shows the proportions

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 25

and chaetotaxy of the palp; capilulum 130um (126um-14lum) in length; chelicera

236um (1964m-215um) in length; figure 141 shows a lateral view of the capitulum,

chelicera and palp; capitulum not protrusible; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 84um (76um-82um); I-Leg-5, 102um (934m-

974m); I-Leg-6, 12lum (112um-116um); figure 135 shows I-Leg-5 and 6; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 9lum (87um- 90um);

IV-Leg-5, 116um (105um-lllum); IV-Leg-6, 128um (12lum-124ym); seta at tip

of IV-Leg-6, 55um (57um-58um) in length; figure 137 shows IV-Leg-5 and 6;

Swimming hairs absent.

Holotype: Adult o, from a tributary of the Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop,

3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula) North Island, Oct. 27, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 10, 2 2, same data as holotype; 19, from Boom Stream on Rt.

25 between Hakaai and Whangamata, North Island, Oct. 27, 1982; 10, 19,from

a stream 1 km north of Tohere (east of Opotiki), on Rt. 35, North Island, Oct.

29, 1982.

Discussion: This is the first of four hyporheic species which have complete-

ly lost the eye pigment. The present species may be distinguished from all

other New Zealand species by the four pairs of glandularia on the dorsal shield.

There are also several Limnesia species from interstitial waters in Australia

which exhibit varying degrees of development of dorsal and ventral shields and

which have lost eye pigment. However, the species groups from the two areas

are very distinct from each other and likely are the result of independent in-

vasion of the hyporheic habitat.

23. Limnesia testacea Hopkins

(Figs. 139, 142-147)

Limnesia (Duralimnesia) testacea Hopkins, 1969. Trans. Royal Soc. New

Zealand, ll: 89.

Male: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 460um-524um in

length, 29lum-3194m in width; dorsal shield bearing six pairs of glandularia and

flanked by two additional pairs in the dorsal furrow; eye lenses reduced, eye

pigment absent; integumental pigment absent; ventral shield 547um-608um in

length, 3464m-365um in width; capitular bay U-shaped and with a median cleft;

Glandula Limnesiae located near medial margins of coxae; a well developed

ridge on each side extending anteriorly from insertions of fourth legs; medial

margins of third coxae relatively short; genital field area 109um-Illlum in width;

three pairs of genital acetabula, these rather evenly spaced from each other;

gonopore 744m-8lum in length and more or less centrally located; excretory

pore and two pairs of glandularia fused with the posterior end of ventral shield;

figure 144 shows the venter; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, l5um-

17um; P-II, 59um-63um; P-IT, 46um-5lum; P-IV, 88um-95um; P-V, 3lum-

32um; palp as described and illustrated for female; capitulum 14lum-148um in

length; chelicera 1824m-192um in length; capitulum with moderately developed

posterodorsal projections and capitulum slightly, if at all, protrusible; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 76um-82um: I-Leg-5,

90um-97um; I-Leg-6, 107um-lllum; figure 145 shows I-Leg-5 and 6; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 86um-93um; IV-Leg-

5, 104um-lllum; IV-Leg-6, 114um-l]16um; seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 62um-69um

26 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

in length; swimming hairs absent; figure 143 shows IV-Leg-5 and 6.

Female: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 460um-5324um

in length, 289um-342um in width; dorsal shield as described for male (fig. 146);

ventral shield 540um-623um in length, 3494m-380um in width; ventral shield,

with exception of genital field region, very similar to that of male; genital field

118um-135um in length, 108um-1264m in width; three pairs of genital acetabula,

these relatively evenly spaced; genital field widest anteriorly; figure 142 shows

the structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,

l7um-l8um; P-0, 59um-63um; P-II, 49um-53um; P-IV, 87um-97um; P-V,

3lum-33um; figure 147 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitu-

lum 1334m-155um in length; chelicera 1774m-20lum in length; capitulum as

described for male (fig. 139); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, Tlum-82um; I-Leg-5, 86um-92um; I-Leg-6, 100um-lllum; dor-

sal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 83um-93um; IV-

Leg-5, 97um-ll0um; IV-Leg-6, 104um-117um; seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 65um-

80um in length; swimming hairs absent.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 1, from a stream at Sandy's Bridge

on Rt. 2, between Opotiki and Gisborne, Fane a5 1981; 2, from a stream 1 km

north of Tohere (east of Opotiki on Rt. 35), Oct. 29, 1982: 2°, from a stream

at Owhiritoa Bridge on Rt. 2, in the "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982;

11 o, 6 2, from a stream at Opato Bridge Rest Stop, on Rt. 2 south of Opotiki,

Oct. 29, 1982; 17 o, 49, from a stream at Sandy's. Bridge on Rt. 2, in ''Gorge"

south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 5 2, 1 2, from tributary of the

Wakamarina River 7 km southeast of Canvastown (off Rt 6), Nov. 5, 1982; 6 c,

12, Opouri River between Carluke and Opouri Valley, on Tennyson Inlet Rd,

Nov. 6, 1982; 2 o*, from Kararoa Creek on Rt. 6, between Barrytown and Nine

Mile Village, Nov. 8, 1982; 1°, from Cole Creek on Rt. 6, between Lake Moer-

aki and Haast, Nov. 10, 1982; 1°, from Boyd Creek on Rt. 97, 76 km south of

Milford Sound, Nov. 14, 1982; 12, Parawa Creek on Rt. 6, at Parawa Nokomai

Station Rd (approx. 30 km south of Lake Wakatipu), Nov. 15, 1982; 26 o, 19 9,

from White Rock River, southwest of Timaru, where Cliffs Rd branches off

Pareora-Cave Rd, Nov. 18, 1982; 45 9, 34 2, from Rocky Gully Stream on Rt.

8, between Cave and Fairlie (west of Timaru), Nov. 18, 1982; 5 0, 4 , Irongate

Stream on Rt 1, 24 km north of Kaikoura, Nov. 21, 1982; 1 o', from Kaituna River

on Rt 6, 5 km south of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982; 11 o, 4 2, from Graham Stream

on Rt. 6, 8 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982; 8 o, 32, Whanga-

moa River on Rt. 6, approx. 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23,

1982; 1°, from a tributary of the Waitapu River at Paynes Ford, 3 km south of

Takaka, Nov. 24, 1982; 2 co, 4 0, Pariwhakaoho River on Rt. 60, 14 km north-

west of Takaka, Nov. 24, 1982.

Discussion: The only other heavily sclerotized Limnesia from New Zealand

with six pairs of glandularia on the dorsal shield is the heavily pigmented spe-

cies from superficial waters, L. zelandica. The present species has only two

(rather than three) pairs of glandularia in the dorsal furrow and has a much

shorter and relatively unprotrusible capitulum.

24. Limnesia halcarda, new species

(Figs. 148-151, 153)

Male: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 517um (502m) in

length, 350um (354um) in width; dorsal shield bearing seven pairs of glandu-

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 27

laria and flanked by one pair in the dorsal furrow; eye lenses small, eye pig-

ment absent; integumental pigment absent; figure 150 shows the morphology of

the dorsal shield; ventral shield 60lum (608um) in length, 395um (395um) in

width; capitular bay more or less U-shaped and with a median cleft; Glandula

Limnesiae located well lateral to the median coxal suture lines; medial margins

of third coxae relatively long; a well developed ridge on each side extending an-

teriorly from region of insertion of fourth legs; genital field area 894m (884m)

in length, 1254m (120um) in width; three pairs of genital acetabula, anterior pair

relatively close together; gonopore 52um (56um) in length and placed posteriorly

on the genital field; figure 148 illustrates the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 2lum (19um); P-II, 7lum (68um); P-II, 52um (53um);

P-IV, 90um (94um); P-V, 37um (394m); figure 153 shows the proportions and

chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 1704m (178m) in length; chelicera 214um (222

um) in length; capitulum somewhat elongated and with small posterodorsal pro-

jections as shown for the related species (fig. 156); capitulum somewhat pro-

trusible; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 77um

(784m); I-Leg-5, 97um (994m); I-Leg-6, 13lum (13lum); segments of first leg

relatively long and not as stocky as in other species of the group (fig. 151); dor-

sal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 85um (87um);

IV-Leg-5, 88um (93um); IV-Leg-6, 964m (95um); seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 69

4m (72m) in length; figure 149 shows the morphology of IV-Leg-5 and 6; swim-

ming hairs absent.

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 3, from a stream at Omaukoro Bridge on Rt. 2, inthe

"Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982.

Paratype: 1 o, same data as holotype.

Discussion: The presence of seven pairs of glandularia on the dorsal shield

is diagnostic.

25. Limnesia crowelli, new species

(Figs. 152, 154-159)

Male: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 44lum (395um-441

um) in length, 304um (284um-312um) in width; dorsal shield bearing eight pairs

of glandularia; no glandularia lying in the dorsal furrow; eye lenses small; eye

pigment absent; integumental pigment absent; ventral shield 502um (47lum-524

um) in length, 350um (326um-342um) in width; capitular bay U-shaped and with

a short median cleft; Glandula Limnesiae placed well lateral to median coxal

suture lines; medial margins of third coxae relatively long; a well developed

ridge on each side extending anteriorly from region of insertion of fourth legs;

genital field area 85um (76u4m-85um) in length, 118um (lllum-118um) in width;

three pairs of genital acetabula; gonopore 554m (52um-55um) in length and is

placed posteriorly on the genital field; figure 155 shows the structure of the ven-

tral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 14um (14um-l6um); P-

II, 62um (55um-60um); P-III, 4lum (43um-46um); P-IV, 77um (73um-77um);

P-V, 334m (3lum); structure of palp as shown for the female; capitulum 148um

(1374m-15244m) in length; chelicera 177um (170um-177um); in length; capitulum

somewhat elongated and with small posterodorsal projections; capitulum some-

what protrusible; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4,

62um (59um-6lum); I-Leg-5, 79um (77um-78um); I-Leg-6, 103um (934um-100

um); figure 158 shows I-Leg-5 and 6; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

28 ? Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 69um (64um-72um); IV-Leg-5, 78um (7Tlum-78um) IV-

Leg-6, 694m (72um-79um); seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 59um (59um-65um) in

length; figure 159 shows IV-Leg-5 and 6; swimming hairs absent.

Female: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield 462um (449um-

47lum) in length, 349um (327um-342um) in width; dorsal shield as described

for the male (fig. 157); ventral shield 547um (5164m-562um) in length, 380um

(373 um-395um) in width; genital field extending farther forward between the

coxae than in the male, thereby lessening the length of the medial coxal suture

lines; otherwise, except for genital field region, structure of ventral shield as

described for male; genital field 126um (115um-126um) in length, 118um (118um-

129u4m) in width; three pairs of genital acetabula, these relatively evenly spaced;

genital field widest anteriorly; figure 154 illustrates the ventral shield; dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 14um (l4um-l17um); P-II, 63um (62um-

66um); P-III, 47um (48um-5lum); P-IV, 84um (83um-88um); P-V, 35um (34

um-38um); ventral side of P-II with a short peg-like seta; figure 152 illustrates

the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 148um (159um-163um) in

length; chelicera 185um (177uUm-192um) in length; figure 156 shows a lateral

view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments

of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 66um (594m-69um); I-Leg-5, 80um (80um-83um);

I-Leg-6, 100um (104um); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg:

IV-Leg-4, 73um (72um-76um); IV-Leg-5, 79um (78um-82um); IV-Leg-6, 83

um (80um-82um); seta at tip of IV-Leg-6, 62um (72u4m-834m) in length; no

Swimming hairs present.

Holotype: Adult “, from a stream at Omaukoro Bridge on Rt. 2, in the

"Gorge" south of Opotiki, North Island, Oct. 29, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 2, from a stream on Wainui Rd, 5 km west

of Mahinepua Rd (northern North Island), Oct. 22, 1982; 10,19, from a tribu-

tary of the Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coroman-

del Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982; 19, froma stream at Owhiritoa Bridge on Rt. 2,

in the 'Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 10, 1¢, same data as holotype;

SOUTH ISLAND: 1 7, from the Whangamoa River on Rt. 6, 3 km northeast of the

Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 6, 1982; 10, White Rock River, southeast of Timaru,

where Cliffs Rd branches from Pareora-Cave Rd, Nov. 18, 1982; 19, Kaituna

River on Rt. 6, 5 km south of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982; 3 o, from a tributary of

the Waitapu River at Paynes Ford, 3 km south of Takaka, Nov. 24, 1982.

Discussion: The eight pairs of glandularia incorporated into the dorsal

shield are diagnostic.

Family HYGROBATIDAE Koch

Genus AUSTRALIOBATES Lundblad

Discussion: With the collection of four species of Australiobates in New Zea-

land, the genus becomes the first strictly austral group to be taken in four Gond-

wanan regions: Australia, South America, South Africa and New Zealand. The

mites from New Zealand belong to a distinctive species group characterized by

a great increase in both the number and length of the dorsal setae on P-III (and

often on P-II) in males, and to a lesser degree in the females. This character

state is synapomorphic for the New Zealand species of the genus. Also, when

compared to other members of the typical subgenus, they have a relatively wide

posterior capitular projection (figs. 160, 165). This projection is very similar

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 29

to that found in the subgenus Coaustraliobates but, with this exception, the New

Zealand species fit well into the typical subgenus.

KEY TO THE NEW ZEALAND

SPECIES OF AUSTRALIOBATES

I. IV-Leg-95 with eight to ten flexible swimming hairs, these spaced out

Over distal hall Bl -seciment <4. tas slvswus A. solomis, new species (p. 29)

IV-Leg-5 with one to four stiff swimming hairs, these placed near

distal end Ol See ment iia: gare wit Wie sw wee aaa be ee bas ou ee 2

REMAINDER OF KEY BASED ON MALES ONLY

2. Males with very long setae on dorsal side of P-II as well as on P-ID

(ie i lGOia Weak, et Gals can Ok. <dumicd ids hues i ee) 3

Males without long setae on dorsal side of P-II (fig. 161)

A. vietsi, new species .(p. 32)

3. Small species (7294um-760um in length); gonopore much wider that

diameter of an acetabulum (fig. 173); long dorsal setae of P-III not

originating from proximal portion of segment (fig. 174)

A. savanus, new Species .(p. 30)

Larger species (910um-1060um in length); gonopore approximately

same width as an acetabulum (fig. 168); long setae on dorsal side

of P-III originating along entire length of segment (fig. 169)

A. setipalpis, new species ..(p. 31)

26. Australiobates vietsi, new species

(Figs. 160-164)

Male: Length of body 850um (760um-940um); length between tips of first

coxae and posterior end of genital field 755um (700um-760um); coxae pigment-

ed; first coxae separated medially; capitulum with a long posterior projection

which is moderately wide and slightly tapering; capitulum with its projection

31944m in length; short projections present at posterior margins of fourth coxae;

apodemes extending anteriorly from these projections to the glands of the fourth

coxae; genital field subterminal and too foreshortened for accurate length meas-

urements; primary sclerites of genital field 2llum (190um-196um) in width; the

width including secondary sclerotization 236um (1964m-205um); gonopore 524m

(564m) in width; three pairs of genital acetabula; figure 163 shows the structure

of the venter; dorsum soft and without dorsalia; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 33um (33um-35um); P-II, 12lum (117um-12lum); P-ID, ll7um (112

um-ll4um); P-IV, 17lum (1694m-175um); P-V, 64um (59um-6lum); dorsodis-

tal half of P-III with approximately 10 somewhat elongated setae; figure 161 shows

the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; chelicera 325um-340um in length;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 242um (248um-

25lum); I-Leg-5, 268um (2594m-282um); I-Leg-6, 248um (25lum-259um);

first leg similar to that shown for the female; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 318um (3llum-318um); IV-Leg-5, 348um

(340um-355um); IV-Leg-6, 355um (359um-362um); end of IV-Leg-4 with two

or three stiff swimming hairs; end of IV-Leg-5 with three or four stiff swim-

30 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

ming hairs.

Female: Length of body 1290um (760um); length between anterior end of

first coxae and posterior end of genital field 927um (714um-730uUm); coxal area

rather similar to that of male although the coxal groups tend to be more separat-

ed from each other; capitulum and its posterior projection 358um in length; gen-

ital field 2694m (222um) in width; three pairs of acetabula; figure 160 shows the

structure of the venter; dorsum soft and without dorsalia; dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 42um (40um-42um); P-II, 13lum (138um-143um); P-III,

ll6um (12lum-128u4m); P-IV, 185um (1864m-20lum); P-V, 66um (694um-72um);

female lacking the patch of distodorsal elongated setae on P-III found in the male

(fig. 164); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 259um

(2634m-28lum); I-Leg-5, 278 um (278um-296um); I-Leg-6, 248um (259um-

270um); figure 162 shows the morphology of these segments; dorsal lengths of

the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 333um (333um-355um); IV-Leg-

5, 363um (3484m-392um); IV-Leg-6, 359um (3554m-389um); end of IV-Leg-

4 with two or three stiff swimming hairs; end of IV-Leg-5 with three or four

stiff swimming hairs.

Holotype: Adult o, from Mangamawhete Stream on Rt 3, between Inglewood

and Stratford (Egmont area), North Island, Nov. 1, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 10, 19, tributary of the Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop, 3 km

west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982; 10, 19, same data as

holotype.

Discussion: The present species differs from the other three New Zealand

Species in its simpler chaetotaxy of the palp. Males have a distal patch of about

10 somewhat elongated setae onthe dorsal side of P-III but the female lacks the

elongated setae on the palp. The pigmentation of the coxae is much darker in

the present species and the structure and numbers of swimming hairs on the

fourth leg are diagnostic (two or three stiff swimming hairs on IV-Leg-4, three

or four stiff swimming hairs on IV-Leg-5).

27. Australiobates savanus, new species

(Figs. 172-174)

Male: Length of body 7294m (760um); length between anterior end of first

coxae and posterior end of genital field 668um (684um); coxae a light brownish

color; first coxae separated medially; capitululum witha long posterior projec-

tion which is moderately wide and noticeably tapering posteriorly; capitulum

with its projection 258um (289um) in length; short projections present at pos-

terior end of fourth coxae, apodemes extending anteriorly from this projection

to the glands of the fourth coxae; genital field subterminal and too foreshortened

for accurate length measurements; genital field 148um (177uUm) in width; gono-

pore 524m in width; typically with three pairs of genital acetabula, but one is

missing On One side in One of the two known specimens; figure 173 shows the

structure of the venter; dorsum soft and without dorsalia; dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 27um (35um); P-II, 88um (96um); P-III, 86um (97um);

P-IV, 124um (138um); P-V, 52um (59um); dorsodistal portion of P-II with four

very long setae; dorsodistal portion of P-III with approximately eight very long

setae; figure 174 shows the structure of the palp; chelicera 288m (310um) in

length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 182um

(207um); I-Leg-5, 196m (229um); I-Leg-6, 1854m (222um); figure 172 illus-

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 31

trates the proportions and chaetotaxy of these segments; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 258um (303um); IV-Leg-5, 289um

(333um); IV-Leg-6, 278m (310um); end of IV-Leg-4 with one stiff swimming

hair; end of IV-Leg-5 with two stiff swimming hairs.

Female: Unknown. |

Holotype: Adult 0, from Waitaanga Stream near the town of the same name,

on Rt 40 west of Ohura, North Island, Oct. 31, 1982.

Paratype: 1 o, same data as holotype.

Discussion: This is a much smaller species than the other three New Zea-

land members of the genus. It differs from the previous species in having four

long setae on dorsodistal portion of P-I] and, although there are roughly the

same number of long setae on P-III in the two species, those of the present spe-

cies are much longer (compare figures 174, 161).

28. Australiobates setipalpis, new species

(Figs. 165-169)

Male: Length of body 990um (910Um-1060um); length between tips of first

coxae and posterior end of genital field 927 um (866um-958um); coxae a light

brown in color; first coxae separated medially; capitulum with a long posterior

projection which is moderately wide; capitulum and its projection 289um in

length; short projections at posterior end of fourth coxae; apodemes extending

anteriorly from these projections to the glands of the fourth coxae; genital field

subterminal and too foreshortened for accurate length measurements; genital

field 200um (1994m-207um) in width; gonopore 64um (53um-67um) in width;

figure 168 shows the structure of the venter; dorsum soft and without dorsalia;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 40um (35um-4lum); P-II, 135um

(117um-138um); P-III, 12lum (114um-128um); P-IV, 190um (166u-197um); P-V,

69um (664m-70um); dorsodistal portion of P-II with six or seven very long se-

tae; entire dorsal side of P-III with numerous very long setae; figure 169 shows

these unusual setae; chelicera 1994m in length; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 244um (259um-310um); I-Leg-5, 303um (281

um-340um); I-Leg-6, 259um (2664Um-303um); first leg similar to that shown

for the female; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-

4, 418um (358um-434um); IV-Leg-5, 47lum (403um-486um); IV-Leg-6, 471

um (410um-486um); end of IV-Leg-4 with one stiff swimming hair; end of IV-

Leg-5 with two stiff swimming hairs; dorsal side of I-Leg-2 and 3 with numer-

ous relatively long, fine setae; II-Leg-3 and II-Leg-3 also bearing this same

type of setae.

Female: Length of body 1370um (1100um-1520um); length between anterior

end of first coxae and posterior end of genital field 1065um (910um-1150um); the

coxal area rather similar to that of male except that the coxal groups tend to be

more widely separated from each other; capitulum with its projection 434um in

length; genital field 259um (244um-266um) in width; length between anterior end

of pregenital sclerite and posterior end of postgenital scletite 244um (222um-

252um); three pairs of genital acetabula; figure 165 shows the structure of the

venter; dorsum soft and without dorsalia; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 43um (37um-45um); P-II, 138um (128um-140um); P-II, 128um (12lum-

126um); P-IV, 197um (180um-20lum); P-V, 76um (63um-73um); female lacking

the dense grouping of long setae on P-II and P-III but with scattered setae of

moderate length in the same areas (fig. 166); chelicera 218um (1994m-226um)

32 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 2], no. 2, 1983

in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 288um

(266um-284um); I-Leg-5, 3164m (293um-308um); I-Leg-6, 28lum (2634m-278

um); figure 167 shows these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of

the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 403um (380um-395um); IV-Leg-5, 439um (414um-

441m); IV-Leg-6, 418um (380um-405um); end of IV-Leg-4 with one stiff swim-

ming hair; end of IV-Leg-5 with two stiff swimming hairs.

Holotype: Adult o, from Pohue Stream at Waiomu (Coromandel Peninsula),

North Island, Oct. 26, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 4 o, 3 2, same data as holotype; 1°, 12, from

a tributary of the Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coro-

mandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982; 3 o%, Waitaanga Stream near town of same

name, on Rt. 40 west of Ohura, Oct. 31, 1982; 2 o, 19, from stream on Rt 32,

at Kakao Rd turnoff (northwest of Taupo), Nov. 3, 1982; 10, 3 2, Opupoto Stream

on Rt 32, west of Lake Taupo, Nov. 3, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 1 %, Opouri River

between Carluke and Opouri Valley on Tennyson Inlet Rd, Nov. 6, 1982;19, in

the Wind Bag River on Rt 6, between Lake Paringa and Lake Moeraki (north of

Haast), Nov. 10, 1982; 7 o, 6 2, Catlin River on Morris Saddle Rd (in Catlin

State Forest area), between Lawanui and Owaka, Nov. 12, 1982; 15, 6 9, from

the MacLennan River at bridge on Aurora Creek Rd (Catlin State Forest area)

between Puketiro and Rt 92, Nov. 12, 1982; 6 o, 6 2, from a tributary of the

Tahakopa River on Tahakopa Rd, 5.5 km from Waikawa Valley rd, Nov. 21, 1982;

4%, 4%, Pourakino River at Pourakino Picnic Grounds (Longwood State Forest)

on Harrington Rd south of Otautau, Nov. 13, 1982; 1 oc’, small creek on Rt 6, ap-

proximately 10 km west of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982.

Discussion: Males of this species exhibit the greatest development of long

setae on P-II and P-III (fig. 169). The female bears fewer and shorter setae in

these positions but do have more (four) setae of moderate length on the dorso-

distal portion of P-II than in any other known female of the genus. The number

of swimming hairs (two stiff setae on IV-Leg-4 and one stiff seta on IV-Leg-5)

is also characteristic of the previous species, in which the female is unknown.

However, the latter is a much smaller species and it is likely the posterior pro-

jection of the capitulum will be more tapering than in the present species (com-

pare figures 165, 173).

29. Australiobates solomis, new species

(Figs. 170, 171)

Female: Length of body 1400um (1140um-1220um); length between anterior

tips of first coxae and posterior end of genital field 1095um (965um-1060uUm);

coxae a light brown color; first coxae separated medially; capitulum with a long

posterior projection which is moderately wide and gradually tapers posteriorly;

capitulum with its projection 410um in length; short projections at posterior end

of fourth coxae; apodemes extending anteriorly from these projections to the

glands of the fourth coxae; genital field 28lum (259um-274um) in width; length

between anterior end of pregenital sclerite and posterior end of postgenital scle-

rite 244m (244um-258um); figure 170 shows the structure of the venter; dorsum

soft and without dorsalia; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 46um (42

um-48um); P-II, 145um (138um-155um); P-I0, 13lum (118um-138um); P-IV,

2llum (190um-23lum); P-V, 69um (69um-80um); P-III with a dorsodistal patch

of moderately long setae (fig. 171); chelicera 203um (227um-236um) in length;

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 33

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 307um (259um-

3474m); I-Leg-5, 340um (259um-347m); I-Leg-6, 288um (245um-310um);

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 440um (334

um-410um); IV-Leg-5, 47lum (364um-440um); IV-Leg-6, 456um (350um-433

um); IV-Leg-4 with five to seven flexible swimming hairs; IV-Leg-5 with eight

to ten flexible swimming hairs; these swimming hairs extending over distal half

of segments; the second and third legs also with many swimming hairs in the

Same positions.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 2, from the Wind Bag River on Rt 6, between Lake Paringa

and Lake Moeraki (north of Haast), South Island, Nov. 10, 1982.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 ¢, from Pohue Stream at Waiomu (Coromandel

Peninsula), Oct. 26, 1982; 3 2, from the Kotare "River" on Rt 30, Oct.’ 31, 1982;

SOUTH ISLAND: 1 ¢, same data as holotype; 1, from Cole Creek on Rt. 6, be-

tween Lake Moeraki and Haast, Nov. 10, 1982.

Discussion: Since the male is unknown, the development of the dorsal setae

on P-II and P-III cannot be compared with the other three species. However,

a patch of moderately long setae on P-III of the female suggests the male will

have numerous setae on both P-II and P-II. The diagnostic characteristic of

the present species is the numerous thin, flexible swimming hairs on the fourth

and fifth segments of the second, third and fourth legs.

Genus NOTOHYGROBATES, new genus

Diagnosis: Dorsum with a large anterior plate bearing the postocularia, two

pairs of smaller dorsalia and a pair of greatly enlarged glandularia (fig. 182);

first coxae separated; capitulum with a long, very narrow posterior projection;

some muScle scarring present but no distinct apodemes extending from posterior

projections of fourth coxae to the glands of the fourth coxae; three pairs of geni-

tal acetabula; gonopore and acetabula small and occupying only a small portion

of the genital field; palp with papillae-bearing ventral bulges on P-II and P-III,

and a peg-like seta near middle of ventral side of P-IV; swimming hairs absent.

Type Species: Notohygrobates kathrynae, new species

Discussion: The new genus exhibits a mixture of character states used to

define several austral South American genera and I am presently uncertain as to

its affinities. It is expected that a later study of new material from Chile will

permit a more exanct placement of the new genus within the system. For the

present, however, the combination of separated first coxae and long projection

on the capitulum plus the structure of the palp (papillate ventral projections on

P-IT and P-III; peg-like seta near middle of ventral side of P-IV) will easily sep-

arate the new genus from all other known hygrobatids.

30. Notohygrobates kathrynae, new species

(Figs. 181-185)

Male: Both integumental and eye pigment absent; body 486m in length; the

first coxae separated medially; capitulum with a long, narrow posterior pro-

jection, total length of capitulum and its projection 228um; posterior margins of

fourth coxae extending posterolaterally and with short posterior projections;

muscle attachment scars forming a rather ill defined apodeme which extends a

short distance forward on the fourth coxae but not nearly to the glands of the

34 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

fourth coxae; genital field 12944m in length, 133u4m in width; three pairs of geni-

tal acetabula, these small and occupying only a small area of the genital field;

gonopore small, 27um in length; small sclerites flanking the genital field later-

ally; excretory pore lying free in the integument immediately posterior to the

genital field; figure 181 shows a ventral view; dorsum with an anteromedial plate

133um in length, 1854m in width; this plate bearing the postocularia; two pairs

of small dorsalia also present; posterolateral portion of dorsum with a pair of

greatly enlarged glandularia tubercles; arrangement of the other dorsal glandu-

laria better illustrated (fig. 182) than described; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 27um; P-II, 82um; P-I, 72um; P-IV, 104um; P-V, 34um; ventral

side of P-II and P-III bulging and with numerous, small papillae; ventral side of

P-IV with a short peg-like seta; figure 185 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy

of the palp; chelicera 1704m in length (fig. 183); dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, lllum; I-Leg-5, 109um; I-Leg-6, l17um; figure

184 illustrates these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth

leg: IV-Leg-4, 148um; IV-Leg-5, 159um; IV-Leg-6, 1634m; swimming hairs

absent.

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult o, from a stream 1 km north of Tohere (east of Opotiki

on Rt. 35), North Island, Oct. 29, 1982.

Discussion: The characters given in the generic diagnosis will easily sepa-

rate the present species from all other known hygrobatids.

Genus HOPKINSOBATES, new genus

Diagnosis: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield consisting of

a large anterior plate and smaller posterior plate which are very slightly fused;

anterior plate bearing the postocularia and two pairs of setae (actually glandu-

laria in which the gland portion has disappeared); posterior plate bearing two

pairs of glandularia, of which the most posterior are greatly enlarged; poster-

ior plate also with three pairs of setae which likely mark the sites of additional

elandularia in which the gland portion has disappeared (fig. 175); ventral shield

entire and incorporating the genital field; first three pairs of coxae placed well

anterior on the ventral shield; median suture lines of second, third and fourth

coxae evident; glands of the fourth coxae extending far forward, producing an

S-shaped suture line between the third and fourth coxae (fig. 177); coxal projec-

tions present at insertions of fourth legs; three pairs of genital acetabula, these

placed posterior to the gonopore; sexual dimorphism largely confined to the size

of the gonopore; excretory pore incorporated into the ventral shield; palp witha

heavy, curved seta on medial side of P-III; capitulum with a very long anchoral

process.

Type Species: Hopkinsobates suzannae, new species.

Discussion: Hopkinsobates shares some character states with an undescribed

genus from Australia but seems closest to the New World genus Diam phidaxona.

Hopkinsobates and Diamphidaxona both have divided dorsal shields, but the an-

terior plate is much smaller than the posterior plate in the latter genus. Both

share a similar reduction in the gland portion of the dorsal glandularia. The an-

terior plate of both genera bear the postocularia and two pairs of setae (glandu-

laria homologs), but the preocularia are incorporated into the plate in Diam phid-

axona, free in the dorsal furrow of the New Zealand genus. The posterior plate

bears enlarged glandularia in both genera as well as several pairs of setae which

are likely glandularia homologs. Similarities of the ventral shield include the

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 35

unusual anterior shifting of the glands of the fourth coxae (fig. 177) which is al-

most certainly synapomorphic. A somewhat similar shifting of the glands of the

fourth coxae has occurred in Hygrobatides, a subgenus of Hygrobates. However,

other than both being hygrobatids, the two groups are not closely related and

the shifting of the glands has occured independently from a ''typical" straight

suture line in each line of evolution. Other similarities between Hopkinsobates

and Diam phidaxona, which may or may not be shared apomorphisms, are the

far anterior placement of the first three pairs of coxae and the well developed

projections associated with insertions of the fourth legs which extend noticeably

anterolaterally. Major differences in the ventral shield are a median coxal su-

ture line present and genital field fused with the ventral shield in the New Zea-

land genus. The legs, capitulum with its long anchoral process, and palp are

also very Similar in the two genera.

31. Hopkinsobates suzannae, new species

(Figs. 175-180)

Male: Dorsal and ventral shields present; integument colorless; eye pigment

reduced in size; dorsal shield 365um (362m) in length, 228um (217um) in width;

dorsal shield divided; posterior plate 6lum (60um) in length; anterior and pos-

terior plates slightly fused but suture lines well developed; anterior plate bear-

ing the postocularia and two pairs of setae (homologs of glandularia); posterior

plate with a pair of 'normal" glandularia near the suture line between the two

paltes and enlarged glandularia posteriorly; three pairs of setae (likely repre-

senting homologs of glandularia) also on the posterior plate; structure of dorsal

shield as illustrated for the female; ventral shield 388um (399um) in length,

2434m (239um) in width; anterior coxae projecting; suture lines of first, second

and third coxae developed, although those between second and third coxae are

shortest; glands of the fourth coxae extending forward in a line with the epimero-

glandularia 1 and form a loop-like suture line between the third and fourth cox-

ae; median coxal suture line well developed; openings for insertion of the fourth

legs partially covered by flap-like projections which extend somewhat antero-

laterally; a pair of apophyses present near posterior area of fourth coxae; geni-

tal field incorporated into the ventral shield without a trace of a suture line;

three pairs of genital acetabula; width between outer edges of second pair 964m

(894m); gonopore small, 17um (144m) in length, and placed anterior to the ace-

tabula; excretory pore lying on the ventral shield; figure 179 shows the ventral

shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 12um (14um); P-II, 45um

(46um); P-II, 32um (33um); P-IV, 46um (46um); P-V, 24um (224m); one

thickened, posteromedial seta on P-III; figure 180 illustrates the proportions

and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum, including the long anchoral process, Ill

um (114m) in length; chelicera 107uUm (100um) in length; structure of the capit-

ulum and chelicera as shown for the female; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 54um (57um); I-Leg-5, 554m (554m); I-Leg-6,

60um (624m); these segments as shown for the female; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 76um (76um); IV-Leg-5, 87um

(83um); IV-Leg-6, 83um (794m); swimming hairs absent.

Female: Dorsal and ventral shields, except for genital field area, as des-

cribed for male; dorsal shield 403um (388um-429um) in length, 243um (217

um-243um) in width; posterior plate of dorsum 76um (724m-76um) in length;

ventral shield 426um (410uUm-456um) in length, 258um (243um-274um) in width;

36 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

three pairs of genital acetabula; width between outer edges of most lateral pair

103um (l00um-lllum); gonopore placed farther forward than in male; gonopore

55um (53um) in length, 3lum (294m-30um) in width; postgenital sclerite area

prominent; figure 177 illustrates the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal

segments: P-I, 12um (144m); P-II, 48um (50um-53um); P-II, 36um (35um-

40um); P-IV, 48um (47um-52um); P-V, 25um (25um-26um); palp similar to

that of male, with the heavy seta on medial surface of P-III present; capitulum

114um (109um-12lum) in length; chelicera 107uUm (104um-107um) in length; figure

178 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of

the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 57um (55um-62um); I-Leg-5, 59

um (564m-59um); I-Leg-6, 66um (62uUm-67um); figure 176 illustrates these

segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 80

um (76um-83um); IV-Leg-5, 85um (86um-90"um); IV-Leg-6, 834m (834m-87

4m); Swimming hairs absent.

Holotype: Adult “, from a tributary of the Motupiko River on Rt. 6, between

Korere and Glenhope, South Island, Nov. 25, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 2 9, same area as holotype on Nov. 7, 1982;

1c, same data as holotype; 1°, from the Hope River on Rt. 6, between Glen-

hope and Kawatiri, Nov. 25, 1982. |

Discussion: The characteristics given in the generic diagnosis will easily

separate the present form from all other known species.

Genus ASPIDIOBATES Lundblad

32. Aspidiobates orbiculatus Hopkins

(Figs. 186-189, 192)

Aspidiobates orbiculatus Hopkins, 1975. Jour. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 9: 5.

Female: Dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield entire, 85lum

in length, 714um in width; dorsal shield bearing the postocularia and three pairs

of glandularia; two pairs of glandularia lying in the dorsal furrow; figure 188

shows the structure of the dorsal shield; ventral shield 966um in length, 820uUm

in width; first coxae projecting slightly beyond body; coxal area confined to the

anterior half of ventral shield; glands of the fourth coxae extending forward to

form a loop-like suture line which constricts the more medial portion of the third

coxae; muscle scar apodemes forming the lateral edges of the loop cause the

fourth coxae to appear rectangular; three pairs of genital acetabula; width be-

tween outer edges of second pair of genital acetabula 259um; gonopore 162um

in length, 155um in width; a pair of apophyses present lateral to the genital field;

figure 189 illustrates the structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 29um; P-II, 103um; P-III, lllum; P-IV, 143um; P-V, 26

um; medial surface of P-IV with a peg-like seta; figure 192 shows the propor-

tions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 25lum in length; chelicera 273u4m in

length; figure 186 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dor-

sal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 200um; I-Leg-5,

192um; I-Leg-6, 177um; figure 187 shows I-Leg-5 and 6; swimming hairs ab-

sent.

Male: See Hopkins (1975).

Material Examined: I did not recollect this seepage area form and the il-

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand ot

lustrations are based on a specimen sent to me by Dr. Ceri Hopkins. It is in-

cluded only for the sake of completeness and to use in later comparisons with

the Australian members of the genus.

Genus ACICULACARUS Hopkins

33. Aciculacarus papillosus Hopkins

(Figs. 190, 191, 193-197)

Aciculacarus papillosus Hopkins, 1975. Jour. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 5: 7.

Male: A completely sclerotized ventral shield present but dorsum soft; ven-

tral shield 5934m-623um in length, 4l10um-44lum in width; anterior coxae pro-

jecting; suture lines of the individual coxal groups evident, except no medial su-

ture lined for first coxae; glands of the fourth coxae located medially near su-

ture line between third and fourth coxae; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae

evident and extending at right angles to the long axis of the body; genital field

lying on a plate (homologous to that shown in figure 201) which is incorporated

into the ventral shield but the suture line is distinct; width of this plate 192um-

22244m; three pairs of genital acetabula; width between outer edges of middle

pair of acetabula 14lum-155u4m; gonopore 254um-26um in width; excretory pore

terminal; figure 193 shows the structure of the ventral shield; dorsum soft and

bearing the pre- and postocularia, five pairs of 'normal" glandularia and two

pairs of setae (which apparently are the homologs of an additional two pairs of

glandularia); dorsum as shown for the female; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 27um- 294m; P-II, 59um-63um; P-III, 65um-67um; P-IV, 100um-

102um; P-V, 29um-3lum; figure 190 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of

the palp; capitulum 1774m-185um in length; capitulum tapering more or less to

a point anteriorly; chelicera 2884um-3llum in length; cheliceral claw elongated

and needle-like (fig. 195); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-4, 104um-109uUm; I-Leg-5, 11l4um-117um; I-Leg-6, 131um-1334m; these

segments as in the female; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth

leg: IV-Leg-4, 149um-156um; IV-Leg-5, 162um-173um; IV-Leg-6, 147uUm-162

44m; Swimming hairs absent.

Female: The unsclerotized dorsum and the ventral shield (except for genital

field region) as described for male; figure 194 shows the dorsum; ventral shield

623um-707um in length, 456um-532um in width; genital field on a plate fused

with the ventral shield but the suture lines of this plate are evident; width of this

plate 222um-236um; three pairs of genital acetabula; width between outer edges

of most lateral pair of acetabula 183um-185um; gonopore 103uUm-110um in width;

figure 197 illustrates the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 3lum-35um; P-II, 63um-69um; P-II, 7lum-75um; P-IV, 107um-lllum;

P-V, 3lum-324m; structure of palp as in male; capitulum 1854um-2llum in length;

chelicera 31844m in length; figure 191 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, che-

licera and palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4,

107um-ll2um; I-Leg-5, 117um-1l2lum; I-Leg-6, 133 um-136um; figure 196 shows

these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-

4, 155um-159um; IV-Leg-5, 172um-185um; IV-Leg-6, 163um-167um; swimming

hairs absent.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 2 o, 19, from a tributary of the Wai-

wawa River at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula),

38 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Oct. 27, 1982; 192, from a stream on Rt 6, just north of the Makatote Viaduct

between Raetiki and National Park, Nov. 2, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 1 oF, froma

tributary of the Motupiko River on Rt. 6, between Korere and Glenhope, Nov.

7, 1982; 12, same area on Nov. 25, 1982. :

Discussion: Aciculacarus papillosus belongs to a group of austral hygroba-

tids which includes Rhynchaturus (Chile and Argentina) and at least four undes-

cribed species from Australia. Other members of the group have mouthparts

capable of a great deal of protrusion, but not the present species. This group

of mites exhibits varying degrees of sclerotization. Some, like the following

species, lack secondary sclerotization and others, suchas Rhynchaturus, have

both dorsal and ventral shields (although the dorsal shield is made up of several

closely fitting platelets). Three of the four Australian species have ventral

Shields as does the present species. An examination of the Australian species

of this group indicates that the two pairs of setae slightly anterior to the four

gelandularia sclerites at the posterior end of the dorsal shield (fig. 194) repre-

sent homologs of glandularia in which the gland portion has disappeared. In one

of the Australian species, one pair of these posterior glandularia has become

reduced to setal bases as in the present species. The New Zealand species of

the group are characterized by having two of the glandularia pairs of the dorsum

losing the gland portion and in having extremely enlarged cheliceral claws, both

of which appear to be synapomorphic. The whole group will be analysed at the

time the Australian species are described. The following species, although ap-

pearing quite different because of its unsclerotized venter, is related to the

present species.

34. Aciculacarus amilis, new species

(Figs. 198-202)

Male: Body, other than the primary sclerites, soft and without muscle at-

tachment platelets; body 487um in length; first coxae separated medially; capitu-

lar bay V-shaped; epimeroglandularia 1 fused with the second coxae; glands of

the fourth coxae near medial margins of fourth coxae and well posterior to the

suture line between third and fourth coxae; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae

evident; epimeroglandularia 2 lying in sclerotization immediately posterior to

the fourth coxae; genital field lying on a plate 118um in length, 177um in width;

three pairs of genital acetabula, width between outer edges of second pair 140

lam; gonopore 44um in length; genital field with numerous setae, both lateral and

medial to the acetabula; excretory pore not ona Sclerite and is terminal in po-

sition; figure 201 illustrates the venter; dorsum with the pre- and postocularia,

five pairs of "normal" glandularia posterior to the postocularia, and two pairs

of setae (which are the homologs of glandularia); figure 200 shows the dorsum;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum; P-II, 584m; P-II, 60um; P-

IV, 88um; P-V, 38um; figure 198 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the

palp; capitulum 200um in length; capitulum elongated, pointed at anterior end

and attached to a tube of soft integument to form protrusible mouthparts; che-

licera 303m in length; cheliceral claw elongated and needle-like; figure 202

shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 104m; I-Leg-5, 107um; I-Leg-6, 121

14m; figure 199 illustrates these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments

of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 138um; IV-Leg-5, 159um; IV-Leg-6, 149um; swim-

ming hairs absent.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 39

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 0", from a stream at Sandy's Bridge on Rt. 2, in the "Gorge"

south of Opotiki, North Island, June 3, 1981. :

Discussion: AS mentioned under the discussion section of the previous spe-

cies, the major differences between these two New Zealand forms are the un-

sclerotized venter of the present species and its proportionally longer and more

protrusible capitulum.

The CORTICACARUS-like Mites

Discussion: Four members of the Corticacarus-like hydrachnids are now

known from New Zealand: Zelandobatella naias, Zelandobates crinitus, and two

new species tentatively assigned to the latter genus. The Corticacarus-like

forms have a wide range in the New World, with a few species occurring in the

austral portion of South America, the bulk of the species confined to the neo-

tropics, and one species taken as far north as Idaho in the United States. Five

species assigned to a new subgenus of Corticacarus, Procorticacarus, have

been described by K. O. Viets (1978b) from Australia. Additional species from

Australia which are presently undescribed will bring the total to at least 14, and

all fit well in Procorticacarus. New Zealand, with only four species, is the

most species impoverished.

The Corticacarus-like hydrachnids of Australia, New Zealand and the New

World exhibit certain rather stable differences from each other suggesting they

have been isolated for a long time. Three major characters are here used to

distinguish the mites of each area: Glandularia of the dorsum, morphology of the

male gonopore and presence or absence of a projection on the ventral side of P-

II.

NEW ZEALAND: (1) All glandularia of the dorsum of approximately the same

size and morphology (2) No ventral projection on P-II (3) Male gonopore rela-

tively long and narrow, and unspecialized. Utilizing other southern hygrobatids

for out group comparisons, it seems certain all three of these character states

are plesiomorphic.

AUSTRALIA: (1) All glandularia of the dorsum of approximately the same

size and morphology (2) A ventral projection is present on P-II (3) Male gono-

pore is shortened and proportionally widened. The last two character states are

apomorphic relative to the New Zealand mites.

NEW WORLD: (1) Four pairs of the dorsal glandularia typically enlarged and

somewhat heart-shaped, others similar to those found in the Australasian mites

(2) P-II, with rare exceptions, with a ventral projection (3) Male gonopore

shortened and generally widened. All three of these character states are apo-

morphic relative to the New Zealand species but only the first character state

is derived relative to the Australian corticacarids.

It is tempting to consider the less derived condition of the New Zealand

species to be the result of the earlier separation of this region while the other

two were still joined as part of Gondwanaland. However, far more characters

need to be examined and the results of a collecting trip to Chile incorporated

before any conclusions should be drawn.

Genus ZELANDOBATES Hopkins

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Corticacarus-like mites as given

earlier on this page; surface of integument and plates varying from relatively

40 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

smooth to rough and papillose; first coxae fused medially; genital field flanked

by two pairs of muscle attachment platelets (fig. 208); anterior portion of male

dorsum with a large anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia and three pairs

of glandularia; posterior portion of male dorsum with a smaller median platelet

and two lateral platelets (figs. 206, 226); female dorsum similar but anterodor-

Sal plate smaller and bearing only the postocularia; three pairs of glandularia

sclerites, one of which is associated with muscle attachment platelets, are free

in the integument surrounding the anteromedial plate (these three glandularia

sclerites fused with the anteromedial plate in the male).

35. Zelandobates crinitus Hopkins

(Figs. 223-227, 229, 231)

Zelandobates crinitus Hopkins, 1966. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 8: 113.

Male: Integument finely lined, but with development of dorsal sclerites so

extensive as to nearly form a dorsal shield; dorsal and ventral sclerites rela-

tively smooth; body 470um-492um in length; dorsum with a large anteromedial

plate 3544um-380um in length, 304um-319um in width; this plate bearing the

postocularia and three pairs of glandularia; two of the glandularia on the dorsal

plate and one pair flanking it with very long setae; antenniform setae located on

a common sclerite; one small median and two pairs of small lateral platelets

near posterior end of dorsum; figure 226 illustrates these sclerites; length be-

tween anterior end of first coxae and posterior end of genital field 458um-472

um; first coxae fused medially; capitular bay V-shaped; epimeroglandularia 1

fused with the second coxae; medial margins of the posterior coxal groups long

and close together; glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines between

third and fourth coxae; genital field 10lum-lllum in length, 126um-133um in

length, 1264m-1334m in width; gonopore long and narrow (66um-74um in length,

12um-13um in width); three pairs of genital acetabula; genital field flanked by

two pairs of muscle attachment platelets; excretory pore located immediately

posterior to the genital field; figure 224 shows the morphology of the venter; dor-

sal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 24um-28um; P-II, 86um-89um; P-III,

794m-84um; P-IV, 109um-ll3um; P-V, 47um-5lum; papillae extending well up

medial surface of P-II and P-III; no ventral projection on P-II; figure 223 shows

the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 146um-148um in length;

chelicera 1774m-185um in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

first leg: I-Leg-4, 120um-133um; I-Leg-5, 115um-133um; I-Leg-6, 96um-118

14m; structure of these segments as illustrated for the female; dorsal lengths of

the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 122um-140um; IV-Leg-5, 143

um-1l62um; IV-Leg-6, 1264m-1554m; swimming hairs absent.

Female: Integument soft; dorsal and ventral plates and platelets smaller and

more widely separated than in male; body 608um-684um in length; dorsum with

a large anteromedial plate 304um-399uUm in length, 197um-2934m in width; this

plate bearing only the postocularia; other platelets and glandularia similar to

male but the two smaller pairs of anterior glandularia and one pair of combined

glandularia-muscle attachment platelet not fused with the large anterior plate

(fig. 225); length between anterior end of first coxae and posterior end of gveni-

tal field 517um-608um; first coxae fused medially; capitular bay V-shaped; the

epimeroglandularia 1 fused with second coxae; medial margins of posterior coxal

groups much shorter than in male and well separated from each other; glands of

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 4]

the fourth coxae located near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; geni-

tal field 167um-1924m in width; length between anterior end of pregenital scle-

rite and posterior end of postgenital sclerite 133 4um-162um; three pairs of geni-

tal acetabula; two pairs of muscle attachment platelets flanking the genital field;

figure 227 illustrates the venter; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 27

um-3lum; P-II, 90um-l16um; P-II, 90um-l07uUm; P-IV, 12lum-169um; P-V,

55um-69um; capitulum 162um-199um in length; chelicera 192uUm-214um in length;

figure 231 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 118um-148um; I-Leg-

5, lllum-155um; I-Leg-6, 104um-126um; figure 229 shows these segments; dor-

sal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 122um-159um;

IV-Leg-5, 152um-185um; IV-Leg-6, 14lum-l164uUm; swimming hairs absent.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 1°, 2 2, from a stream on Rt 12 at

Kaihu (Northland), May 29, 1981; 5 2, Pohue Stream at Waiomu (Coromandel

Peninsula), Oct. 26, 1982; 19, from Haparapara River, 4 km north of Omaio

(East Cape District), Oct. 28, 1982; 1°, 32, from stream at Owhiritoa Bridge,

on Rt 2 in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 3 2, Mangamawhete Stream

on Rt 3, between Inglewood and Stratford (Egmont area), Nov. 1, 1982; 32, from

headwaters of Whangamata Stream 10 km northwest of Taupo, Nov. 3, 1982; 1 ¢,

3 2, Otupoto Stream on Rt 32, west of Lake Taupo, Nov. 3, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND:

6 o, 23 2, Opouri River between Carluke and Opouri Valley on Tennyson Inlet

Rd, Nov. 6, 1982; 12, Whangamoa River on Rt 6, 3 km northeast of Whangamoa

Saddle (north of Nelson), Nov. 6, 1982; 1°, 3 2, Little Hope River on Rt. 6, at

bridge slightly southwest of Hope Saddle (near Glenhope), Nov. 7, 1982;19, from

the Whitehorse Creek on Rt. 6, south of Four Mile River (between towns of the

same name), Nov. 8, 1982; 19, Wind Bag River on Rt. 6, between Lake Paringa

and Lake Moeraki (north of Haast), Nov. 10, 1982; 12, Dunton Creek on Rt. 94,

85 km south of Milford Sound, Nov. 14, 1982; 3 2, 13 2, Shag River near its

headwaters, on Rt 85, 2 km west of Pigroot Summit (Central Otago), Nov. 16,

1982; 22, 5 2, White Rock River (southwest of Timaru), where Cliffs Rd branch-

es off Pareora-Cave Rd, Nov. 18, 1982; 8 o, 12%, small creek on Rt. 6, approx.

10 km west of Havelock (northern South Island), Nov. 22, 1982; 2 2, Hope River

on Rt 6, between Glenhope and Kawatiri, Nov. 25, 1982.

36. Zelandobates tornus, new species

(Figs. 203-209)

Male: Integument soft but with papillae; dorsal and ventral sclerites well

developed and these also noticeably papillate; body 486um (47lum-547um) in

length; dorsum with a large anteromedial plate 247um (2364m-2624m) in length,

288um (2744um-304um) in width; this plate bearing the postocularia and three

pairs of glandularia; anterior plate with distinct ridges which are better illus-

trated (fig. 206) than described; none of the dorsal setae exceptionally long; an-

tenniform setae on a common sclerite; one median and two lateral pairs of mus-

cle attachment platelets in posterior portion of dorsum; length between anterior

end of first coxae and posterior end of genital field 456um (440um-479uUm); the

first coxae fused medially; capitular bay somewhat V-shaped; epimeroglandularia

1 fused with the second coxae; medial margins of posterior coxal groups rela-

tively short and separated from each other medially; glands of the fourth coxae

located near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; genital field lllum (118

um-125um) in length, 14lum (140um-145um) in width; gonopore long and narrow,

42 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

78um (744m-85um) in length, approximately 25um in width; a row of setae at

anterior end of genital field; three pairs of genital acetabula, anterior pair well

separated from the other two pairs; two pairs of muscle attachment platelets

present in posterior half of venter; excretory pore near posterior end; figure

207 shows the morphology of the venter; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 22um (2lum-264m); P-II, 694m (64um-73um); P-II, 74um (69um-79uUm);

P-IV, 83um (76um-85um); P-V, 454m (40um-42u4m); ventral side of P-II and

P-III with numerous papillae; no projection on ventral side of P-II; capitulum

140um (13744m-16244m) in length; chelicera 1854m (178um-200um) in length; fig-

ure 204 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths

of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 103um (894m-103um); I-Leg-5,

104um (96um-ll5um); I-Leg-6, lum (103um-1184m); first leg as shown for the

female; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 14lum

(126um-148um); IV-Leg-5, 155m (1414m-1624m); IV-Leg-6, 148 um (133um-

148um); swimming hairs absent.

Female: Integument soft and papillate; dorsal and ventral plates and plate-

lets more widely separated than in male; body 668um (5934m-623um) in length;

dorsum with an anteromedial plate 247um (228um-273um) in length, 258um

(258um-273um) in width; this plate somewhat pointed posteriorly and bearing

the postocularia; other plates and glandularia similar to male but two smaller

pairs of anterior glandularia and one pair of combined glandularia-muscle attach-

ment platelet not fused with anteromedial plate (fig. 205); length between anteri-

or end of first coxae and posterior end of genital field 638um (547um-593um);

first coxae fused medially; capitular bay somewhat V-shaped; epimeroglandularia

1 fused with second coxae; medial margins of posterior coxal groups short and

widely separated medially; glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines

between third and fourth coxae; genital field 192um (1904m-194um) in width;

length between anterior end of pregenital sclerite and posterior end of postgeni-

tal sclerite 148um (126um-14lum); three pairs of genital acetabula; two pairs of

muscle attachment platelets in posterior half of venter; posterior pair of these

platelets relatively long and narrow; figure 208 illustrates the venter; dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 26um-34um; P-II, 98um (96um-lllum);

P-IIl, 97um (96um-107um); P-IV, 1l24m (117um-124um); P-V, 504m (544um-

594m); papillae extending well up medial sides of P-II and P-III; no ventral pro-

jection on P-L; figure 203 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; the

capitulum 1774m-185um in length; chelicera 222um-229um in length; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, l8um (12lum-133 um);

I-Leg-5, 118um (120um-13lum); I-Leg-6, 184m (120um-126um); figure 209 il-

lustrates these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg:

IV-Leg-4, 155um (155um-l67um); IV-Leg-5, 177um (179 um-192um); IV-Leg-6,

170um (163um-180uUm); swimming hairs absent.

Holotype: Adult o, from Pohue Stream at Waiomu (Coromandel Peninsula),

North Island, Oct. 26, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 6 o, 1¢, stream on Rt 12 at Kaihu (Northland),

May 29, 1981; 1 o, Otupoto Stream on Rt 32, between Hingarae Rd and Waihaha

Rd (west of Taupo), June 6, 1981; 1 2, Orauhora Stream on Rt 30, between Bar-

ryville and Benneydale, June 6, 1981; 1%, from river at Broadwood in northern

North Island, Oct. 21, 1982;1, 19, from Waima River on Rt. 12, 7 km west of

Taheke, Oct. 24, 1982; 4, 15 2, same data as holotype; 13 ¢, 22 2, Tapu River

at Tapu (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 26, 1982; 4 o, 179, from Tapu River, | km

east of Tapu (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982; 19, from a tributary of the

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 43

Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula),

Oct. 27, 1982; 1, 12, Torere River at Torere on Rt. 35 north of Opotiki, Oct.

28, 1982; 12, stream at Owhiritoa Bridge, on Rt 2 in the ''Gorge" south of Opoti-

ki, Oct. 29, 1982; 19, from a stream at Omaukoro Bridge on Rt 2, in ''Gorge"'

south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 4 %, from Dunton Creek on Rt

94, 85 km south of Milford Sound, Nov. 14, 1982.

Discussion: At first glance, the rugose surface of the dorsal and ventral

plates and platelets of the present species contrasts so strongly with the smooth

surfaces found in crvinitus that the similarities might be overlooked. However,

the dorsal and ventral sclerites are homologous in position as is their degree of

fusion in the two sexes of the two species, and so they seem congeneric. Some

of the differences separating the two species are the long dorsal setae in crinitus

(figs. 225, 226) and distinct ridges on the anteromedial plate of tornus. Actually,

the present species is most closely related to the following, Z. clevatus. See

remarks under the latter.

37. Zelandobates clevatus, new species

(Figs. 210-213, 215, 216, 218, 605)

Male: Integument soft but with low papillae; dorsal and ventral sclerites

well developed and these also noticeably papillate; dorsal and ventral sclerites

less rugose than in the previous species; body 532um (464um-532um) in length;

dorsum with a large anteromedial plate 282um (258um-304um) in length, 319

um (2894m-3344m) in width; this plate bearing the postocularia and three pairs

of glandularia; anterior plate lacking the well developed ridges characteristic of

the previous species (fig. 605); none of the dorsal setae especially long; anten-

niform setae each on a separate base; one median and two pairs of lateral mus-

cle attachment platelets in posterior half of dorsum; a pair of glandularia fused

with posteromedial platelet (fig. 215); length between anterior end of first coxae

and posterior end of genital field 502um (433um-510uUm); first coxae fused me-

dially; capitulular bay somewhat V-shaped; epimeroglandularia 1 fused with the

second coxae; medial margins of posterior coxal groups of moderate length and

relatively close together; glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines

between third and fourth coxae; genital field 104um (894um-l100um) in length, 133

um (1264m-1394m) in width; gonopore long and narrow, 74um (60um-74um) in

length, 22um (194m-24um) in width; a row of setae on each side anterior to the

geonopore; three pairs of genital acetabula, these more or less evenly spaced on

their respective sides; two pairs of muScle attachment platelets present in the

posterior half of venter; excretory pore terminal; figure 210 shows the venter;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum (24um); P-II, 76um (72um-

764m); P-III, 74um (7lum-77um); P-IV, 9lum (85um-87um); P-V, 43um (45

zm); ventral side of P-II and P-III with numerous papillae; no ventral projection

on P-II; capitulum 1524m (14lum-155um) in length; chelicera 192um (170uUm-192

uum) in length; figure 213 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and

palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 184m (104

um-122um); I-Leg-5, 122um (103 4m-124um); I-Leg-6, 122um (l08um-127um);

these segments as illustrated for the female; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 155um (14lum-152um); IV-Leg-5, 170um

(155um-170um); IV-Leg-6, 159um (143 um-155um); swimming hairs absent.

Female: Integument soft; dorsal and ventral plates and platelets more wide-

ly separated than in male; body 744um (653um-730uUm) in length; dorsum with

Ad Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

an anteromedial plate 28lum (236um-304um) in length, 266um (25lum-304um)

in width; this plate somewhat pointed, bearing the postocularia and with extrem-

ly low ridges; two pairs of glandularia platelets and one pair of combination

elandularia-muscle attachment platelets flanking the anteromedial plate (these

fused with the plate in the male); glandularia flanking the small posteromedial

platelet not fused with it as in male (fig. 216); length between anterior end of the

first coxae and posterior end of genital field 699um (608um-654m); first coxae

fused medially; capitular bay somewhat U-shaped; epimeroglandularia 1 fused

with the second coxae; medial margins of posterior coxal groups short and well

separated medially; glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines between

third and fourth coxae; genital field 207um (199um-229um) in width; length be-

tween anterior end of pregenital sclerite and posterior end of postgenital scle-

rite 177um (170uUm-185um); three pairs of genital acetabula; two pairs of mus-

cle attachment platelets located in posterior portion of venter; posterior pair

of these platelets relatively narrow; figure 211 illustrates the venter; dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 28um (27um-3lum); P-II, 107um (100um-

lllum); P-I0, 107um (l07uUm-110um); P-IV, 13lum (133um-138um); P-V, 62um

(6lum-62um); ventral papillae extending well up medial sides of P-II and P-III;

no ventral projection on P-II; figure 212 shows a medial view of the palp; capitu-

lum 192um (1924m-214um) in length; chelicera 259um (2364um-263um) in length;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 145um (135um-

152um); I-Leg-5, 14lum (128um-148um); I-Leg-6, 140um (133um-14lum); figure

218 illustrates these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth

leg: IV-Leg=4, 177um (177uUm-192uUm); IV-Leg-5, 1964m (189um-214um); IV-

Leg-6, 189um (185um-192uUm); swimming hairs absent.

Holotype: Adult o, from the MacLennan River at bridge on Aurora Creek

Rd (Catlin State Forest area), between Puketiro and Rt 92, South Island, Nov.

12, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 14 2, from a spring at the summit of Desert Road (at AA pullout)

south of Lake Taupo, North Island, Nov. 4, 1982; 1°, 2 °, same data as holo-

type; 42, from Boyd Creek on Rt. 94, 76 km south of Milford Sound, South Is-

land, Nov. 14, 1982.

Discussion: The present species is closely related to the preceding species

and the major differences are best shown by the males. The male anterodorsal

plate of the present species is more octagonal and the ridges are much lower.

The small posteromedial plate has a pair of glandularia fused with it in clevatus.

There are also differences in the genital field with the acetabula more or less

evenly placed in males of the present species. Females may be distinguished

by the lack of darker integumental pigment, the presence of separate antenniform

setae bases, and lower ridges on the dorsal sclerites in the present species

(these differences are also found in males of the two species).

Genus ZELANDOBATELLA Hopkins

Diagnosis and Discussion: This genus shares with Zelandobates the major (al-

though plesiomorphic) characteristics of a relatively unmodified male gonopore,

all glandularia of the dorsum similar and no ventral projection on P-II. The

differences separating Zelandobatella and Zelandobates are as follows: Postocu-

laria are On separate platelets in the present genus. Although these might ex-

pand and fuse to form a condition similar to that of the preceding genus, the

posteromedial sclerite is missing in Zelandobatella. There are three lateral

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 45

pairs of dorsalia in both genera, but the anterior pair in Zelandobatella is not

fused with glandularia. The coxae are proportionally much smaller in the pres-

end genus and the first coxae are separated medially. The male gonopore shows

some indication of widening in the present genus (fig. 219), but it is still propor-

tionally much longer and narrower than in any of the South American or Australi-

an Corticacarus-like mites. Appendages are rather similar in the two New Zea-

land genera but papillae are lacking on the ventral side of P-II in the present ge-

nus (fig. 214). An initial impression is that Zelandobatella is closer to the New

World Paracorticacarus-like species and Zelandobates closer to the New World

members of the typical subgenus. However, this almost certainly is the result

of convergence, for the New World forms are all synapomorphic for the three

major characters discussed in the introduction to the Corticacarus-like mites.

38. Zelandobatella naias Hopkins

(Figs. 214, 217, 219-222, 604)

Zelandobatella naias Hopkins, 1975. Jour. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 5: 9.

Male: Integument soft, with characteristic large, slighly raised areas which

are better illustrated (fig. 604) than described; length of body 479um-486um;

dorsal sclerites consisting of small paired postocularia platelets and three pairs

of small lateral sclerites (fig. 220); length between anterior end of first coxae

and posterior end of genital field 342um-350um; first coxae separated medially;

epimeroglandularia 1 fused with the second coxae; medial margins of posterior

coxal group short and widely separated medially; glands of the fourth coxae lo-

cated near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; genital field 764um-93um

in length, 100um-1l1lum in width; gonopore 52um-57um in length, 26um-29um

in width; three pairs of genital acetabula; one pair of small muscle attachment

platelets far laterally on venter (fig. 219); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 194m-2lum; P-II, 6lum-66um; P-II, 67um-7lum; P-IV, 8lum-88um;

P-V, 43um-45um; papillae present only on P-II; figure 214 illustrates the pro-

portions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 123um-137um in length; chelicera

133,4m-14lum in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-

Leg-4, 8lum-92um; I-Leg-5, 8lum-94um; I-Leg-6, 83um-9lum; these seg-

ments as shown for the female; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth

leg: IV-Leg-4, 108um-125um; IV-Leg-5, 1044m-125um; IV-Leg-6, 107um-l18um;

swimming hairs absent.

Female: Integument as described and shown for male; length of body 502um-

o7714m ; dorsal sclerites as described and illustrated for male; length between

anterior end of first coxae and posterior end of genital field 440um-509um; the

venter, except for genital field region, as described for male; genital field 189

4m-200uUm in width; length between anterior end of pregenital sclerite and pos-

terior end of postgenital sclerite 1334um-162um; three pairs of genital acetabula;

figure 222 shows the structure of the venter; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 18um-24um; P-II, 83um-100um; P-III, 87um-104um; P-IV, lllum-

130um; P-V, 50um-58um; ventral side of P-III with a few papillae; capitulum

I5lum-192um in length; chelicera 1664um-225um in length; figure 221 shows a

lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 96um-118um; I-Leg-5, 100um-115um; I-Leg-6,

94um-l06um; figure 217 shows these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 130um-155um; IV-Leg-5, 13lum-155um; IV-

46 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Leg-6, 134um-1544m; swimming hairs absent.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 2 &, 12, Te Whaiau Stream at junction

of Rt 47 and Rotoaria Rd, June 5, 1981; SOUTH ISLAND: 2 &%, 12, from a tribu-

tary of the Whangamoa River on Rt 6, slightly west of Rai Saddle (at Collins

Valley Picnic Grounds), Nov. 6, 1982; 36 2, from mosses ina small waterfall

Seepage entering Graham Stream, on Rt 6 at picnic grounds 8 km northeast of

Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 6, 1982; 4 °, tributary of the Motupiko River on Rt 6,

between Korere and Glenhope, Nov. 7, 1982; 1°, Kararoa Creek on Rt. 6, be-

tween Barrytown and Nine Mile Village, Nov. 8, 1982; 3 2, from Rocky Gully

Stream on Rt 8, between Cave and Fairlie (west of Timaru), Nov. 18, 1982; 1 2,

Kaituna River on Rt 6, 5 km south of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982;1°, 39, froma

small creek on Rt 6, approx. 10 km west of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982.

Family PIONIDAE Thor

Genus PIONA Koch

39. Piona exigua Viets

(Figs. 228, 230, 232-235)

Piona uncata exigua Viets, 1949. Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, 32: 322.

Piona novae-zealandiae Stout, 1953. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 81: 433.

Male: Length of body approximately 623m; length between anterior end of

first coxae and posterior end of genital field 570um; first coxae separated and

with short medial margins; epimeroglandularia 1 free; tips of first coxae not ex-

tending anterior to the capitulum; posterior coxal groups fused medially; suture

lines between third and fourth coxae incomplete but extending nearly to median

coxal margins; posterior apodemes of anterior coxal groups short; posterior

corners of fourth coxae projecting and these projections nearly touching the gen-

ital field; genital field broadly fused with the fourth coxae; genital field extend-

ing laterally beyond projections of fourth coxae; genital field 318um in width; a

well developed genital pit present immediately posterior to the gonopore, width

of this pit 1254um; 12-14 genital acetabula on each side; epimeroglandularia 2 free;

figure 235 illustrates the venter; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 44

um; P-II, 174um; P-III, 76um; P-IV, 192um; P-V, 9lum; two well developed

setal tubercles on ventral side of P-IV; peg-like seta of P-IV distoventral; fig-

ure 232 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum including the

anchoral process 185um in length, 162um in width; chelicera 236um in length;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 199um; I-Leg-5,

238um; I-Leg-6, 207um; figure 234 shows I-Leg-5 and 6; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the third leg: II-Leg-4, 185um; HI-Leg-5, 288um; III-Leg-6,

140um; IlI-Leg-6 expanded distally; a patch of short swimming hairs near the

distal end of IlI-Leg-5; modification of the claws of the third leg better illustrated

(fig. 233) than described; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the fourth leg:

IV-Leg-4, 200um; IV-Leg-5, 273m; IV-Leg-6, 229m; a group of stiff swim-

ming hairs at distal end of IV-Leg-5; figure 230 shows the modification of IV-

Leg-4.

Female: See Stout (1953b).

Material Examined: 12, Lake Ianthe, on Rt 6, between Pukekura and Evans

Creek, Nov. 9, 1982.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 47

Discussion: This New Zealand mite was originally described as a subspecies

of uncata but, when one examines the differences in male genital fields and con-

siders the very disjuct distribution, it seemsfar more likely exigua should stand

aS a distinct species. Actually, P. exigua seems most closely related to the

Australian species, P. uncatiformis, described by Lundblad (1947). The most

noticeable difference between the two Australasian species is the proportionally

wider genital pit and less laterally extending acetabular plates in males of the

Australian species. The genital field only extends to the projections of the fourth

coxae in uncatiformis, not well beyond them as in the present species (fig. 235).

Although the uncata-like species of Piona are primarily holarctic, a member of

the group, P. pseudouncata, was described by Piersig (1906) from Java. Al-

though pseudouncata and exigua differ in morphology of the claws of the third

leg, the two are sufficiently alike that Walter (1929) listed material sent to him

from the Christchurch area of New Zealand (and very likely is actually exigua) as

Piersig's species. It seems almost certain that members of this highly vagile

Species group of Piona have dispersed southwards into both New Zealand and

Australia.

Family ATURIDAE Thor

Subfamily NOTOATURINAE Besch

Members of this austral subfamily are the only aturids presently known from

New Zealand. However, they have undergone extensive evolution into many dis-

tinctive genera, and make up approximately one-half of the stream inhabiting

Species of the islands. Based on present knowledge of the notoaturin faunas of

New Zealand, Australia, austral South America and southern Africa (unfortu-

nately, members of the subfamily from the latter two regions are still very poor-

ly known), each of these former Gondwanan areas contains a distinctive group.

Noticeable differences are found in the number of dorsal sclerites and numer of

glandularia associated with the dorsal shield, and these seem to be relatively

stable for the species living in each of the four areas. The discussions and di-

agnoses given below are by region in which the notoaturins occur.

SOUTHERN AFRICA: Two species assigned to the genus Masabania were col-

lected in the Mt. Elgon region on the border between Kenya and Uganda. Al-

though these are the only African notoaturins presently known, it is almost cer-

tain that additional species occur farther south. Masabania possesses an undi-

vided anteromedial plate and an undivided posteromedial plate. These are flank-

ed by three pairs of small lateral platelets, each of which bears a glandularium.

The posteromedial plate bears one pair of glandularia bringing the number of

dorsal glandularia to four pairs. Glands are absent on the fourth coxae as are

projections associated with the openings for insertion of the fourth legs. These

two structures are present in notoaturins from the other three land areas.

SOUTH AMERICA: One specimen of Notoaturus, N. leptoglyphus Besch, has

been collected in austral Chile and is the only undoubted notoaturin so far col-

lected in the New World. I examined Besch's slide preparation many years ago

at a time when I did not know what to look for in the way of arrangement of the

dorsal glandularia. It is very difficult to see the glandularia in the rugose in-

tegument of this Chilean species and am suspicious of the arrangement of these

structures as illustrated by both Besch (1964) and Cook (1974). However, the

very distinctive arrangement of the dorsal sclerites can be described. The an-

teromedial plate is divided into separate right and left parts. The posteromedi-

48 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 2l, no. 2, 1983

al plate is entire and there are two pairs of rather large lateral platelets. A

pair of free glandularia sclerites (as commonly found in the New Zealand spe-

cies) are present but, unlike their position in the New Zealand forms, they are

close together medially anterior to the posteromedial plate in Notoaturus. I

mentioned that Notoaturus wa’ the only undoubted notoaturin presently known

from South America. However, if one disregards the fact that it bears only four

pairs of acetabula arranged in an "'axonopsin" fashion, and looks instead at the

arrangement of the plates and platelets of the dorsum, the austral genus and spe-

cies Notaxona ochiepus Besch seems to be closely related to, if not actually a

member of, the subfamily Notoaturinae.

AUSTRALIA: One species each in two genera, Austraturus tumidipalpis and

Barwontius inflatipalpis, described by Kurt O. Viets (1978a, 1978b), are now

listed from Australia, but at least 25 species are now known to occur there.

All of the notoaturins of this continent have six pairs of glandularia associated

with the dorsal shield, three pairs on the posteromedial plate, two pairs on the

anterolateral platelet and one pair on the posterolateral platelets. The antero-

medial plate is usually divided into right and left portions but in one unusual

undescribed interstitial genus the anteromedial plate is entire.

NEW ZEALAND: Forty five species are presently known, most of which are

treated inthis paper. There are a constant number of plates and platelets on

the dorsum; a single anteromedial plate, a single posteromedial plate and two

pairs of lateral platelets. There are typically four pairs of glandularia associ-

ated with the dorsal shield but these can be variable in how they fuse with the

dorsal sclerites. Most commonly there are a pair of glandularia on the antero-

lateral platelets, a pair on small sclerites lying free in the integument between

the lateral platelets and the posteromedial plate (and here termed glandularia

2), and two pairs of glandularia on the posteromedial plate (fig. 254). However,

these ''free'' glandularia may fuse with the anteriolateral platelets (fig. 236),

fuse with the posterolateral platelets (fig. 500), fuse with the posteromedial

plate (fig. 289) or disappear (fig. 343).

The New Zealand notoaturins are extremely varied and appear to be the end

products of an evolutionary radiation which has left few intermediates. Although

most of the species can be placed in groups of related genera based on synapo-

morphisms, the relationships of these groups to each other is presently unclear.

I believe an examination of all extant notoaturins, especially additional material

from southern Africa, will be necessary in order to determine what is primitive

and what is derived in the major notoaturin groups. For the New Zealand mem-

bers of the subfamily, however, it is tempting to speculate that a condition in

which there are a pair of "free" glandularia on the dorsum is plesiomorphic. It

is easiest to derive the other arrangements of the dorsal glandularia from this

condition. Also, the austral South American genus Notoaturus exhibits a simi-

lar set of ''free'' glandularia and one of the three lateral glandularia pairs in the

African Masabania is likely its homolog.

Photographs of the dorsal shields are included for most of the New Zealand

species. As the dorsal shield is convex, it is not possible to bring all areas into

sharp focus at the same time. Also, certain surface features are important as

well as those deeper in the integument. For these reasons, each photo is taken

at a level which best illustrates the maximum number of taxonomically impor-

tant characters and these characters often appear in only a limited area of the

photograph, even though they are actually present over the entire dorsal shield.

For example, the entire outer surface of the dorsal shield of Taintaturus abdi-

tus is reticulate as shown only around the periphery in the photograph (fig. 563).

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 49

The entire dorsal shield will appear papillate, as in the center of the photo, as

on focuses deeper into the integument. Rarely will a photograph adequately show

the position of the postocularia and dorsal glandularia, and drawings of the dor-

sal shields are also included.

I did not recollect two of the cave stream inhabiting species described by

Imamura (1977, 1978) and did not have a chance to see the types. The major

characters of one of these, Zelandopsis morimotoi, are included in the generic

key. The other species not seen is Zelandalbia hopkinsi. However, a second

species of this genus is described in the present paper and the differences which

separate the two are discussed.

It should be mentioned that for many of the New Zealand notoaturins, P-IV

is dorsoventrally flattened and is much wider than high. The result is that a

slight variation in the orientation of the palp on a slide will result in a great

variation in the apparent height of this segment.

The following generic key is constructed so as to include, to the degree

possible, characteristics which will key out both males and females. However,

sexual dimorphism of the male body or appendages is often an important gen-

ric character, and these are included as suppliments in the couplets.

KEY TO THE NEW ZEALAND GENERA

AND SUBGENERA OF NOTOATURINAE

l. IV-Leg-2 longer than other segments of the leg; IV-Leg-3 very

small, partially covered by IV-Leg-2, reduced nearly to a point

ventrally and this point bearing two setae (figs. 247, 264); antero-

medial portion of ventral shield typically produced into a hood

covering the capitular bay (figs. 249, 261), but in one species

(io, 286) this hood saaneatly redueed: i/g.W is oh ade et a5 Ue ated ee 2

IV-Leg-2 not longer than other segments of this leg; IV-Leg-3 a

more "'typical'' segment (i.e., not as shown in figure 247);

anteromedial portion of ventral shield not typically produced

BO 40d OVER Re ea UIA By ih i iaicin wo pk doce enlace ed a worn ae’ 9)

2. Glandularia 2 of dorsum on small sclerites lying free in the integu-

agent Ce AO) aah wale gil tidy alata ae tale eye, whee an, Simei oo) 3

Glandularia 2 of dorsum fused with the anterolateral platelets

(fig. 236); no "free" glandularia present

: Genus Planaturus, new genus ... (p. 52)

3. IV-Leg-2 laterally compressed but expanded dorsoventrally, and

generally covering ventral projection of IV-Leg-3 (figs. 260, 264);

anteromedial projection on dorsal side of ventral shield well

developed (fig. 261); palpal segments relatively short ..........eee00. 4

IV -Leg-2 only slightly compressed or expanded dorsoventrally,

and not covering ventral projection of IV-Leg-3 (fig. 287); with-

out a pronounced anteromedial projection on ventral shield;

palpal segments greatly lengthened (fig. 283)

Genus Omegaturus, new genus .. (p. 62)

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Very large, pointed projections associated with openings for in-

sertion of fourth legs (fig. 276); capitulum much longer than high

(fig. 282) and attached to a tube of soft integument to produce

protrusible mouth parts ...... Genus Abelaturus, new genus ... (p. 61)

Projections associated with openings for insertion of fourth legs

much smaller (figs. 257, 273); capitulum only slightly longer than

high (fig. 262) and not protrusible

Genus Taintaturus, new genus ... (p. 55)

Glandularia 2 of dorsum fused with the anterolateral platelets

(ee. '425, 428) oe ore ee es Genus Kritaturus, new genus ........ 6

Glandularia 2 of dorsum variable in position but not fused with

the anterolateral platelets ......... Pee ee ck so pee eee ees cece ees 7

Males with a cauda and the posteromedial plate is highly modi-

fied (figs. 425, 433); fourth leg of male exhibiting sexual di-

morphism (fig. 444) ..... Subgenus Caudaturus, new subgenus .. (p. 95)

Males without a cauda and posteromedial plate is unmodified;

no pronounced sexual dimorphism of male fourth leg

Subgenus Kyritaturus ........3.. (a. 95)

Glandularia 2 of dorsum fused with posteromedial plate (i.e.,

there are three pairs of glandularia on this plate --figure 289)

Genus Tryssaturopsis Cook .....(p. 64)

Glandularia 2 variable in position but not present on postero-

medial plate (i.e., this plate bears two pairs of glandularia) ...... ei.

Anteromedial plate only slightly more than one-fourth as long as

posteromedial plate; male gonopore located far forward on the

body; genital acetabula described as being absent

Genus Zelandopsis Imamura

Anteromedial plate more than one-half as long as posteromedial

plate; male gonopore more nearly terminal (figs. 388, 410);

genital acetabula present ........... Peeeeaeeas Seeea se cee aes ee.

"Free" glandularia 2 sclerites nearly always absent from the dor-

sum; either this glandularia pair fused with the posterolateral

platelets or absent; If present, as On One Side in one of the known

specimens belonging to the genus (fig. 338), with all three of the

following characters: (1) insertions of fourth legs covered by pro-

jections which are truncate (fig. 337); (2) no sharp papillae on the

ventral side of P-II; (3) excretory pore on a large terminal tuber-

Sle. (lie See) wees Ces ee pee ee ee oS 2 CR, a. 10

Glandularia 2 of the dorsum on small, ''free'’ sclerites which touch

the posteromedial plate and both the anterolateral and posterolate-

ral platelets (figs. 308, 384); without a combination of all three

characters CiVeNn aAbOVE. si esas oe ee ee ces chy ae Cae eee ey cewek

10.

ll.

12.

13.

14,

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 51

Glandularia either present on the posterolateral platelets (fig. 500)

or, if absent, there are large setae on these platelets which are

the homologs of the glandularia (figs. 485, 490); dorsum rela-

LIVELY BINGE ies OU BO ag oa aw ec chs ee ls en ll

Without glandularia or setae on the posterolateral platelets (figs.

338, 343); dorsum rugose (figs. 576, 577)

Genus Evidaturus, new genus ....(p. 85)

Gland portion of glandularia present on posterolateral platelets

(fig. 500); lez segments laterally compressed but dorsoventral-

ly expanded (figs. 503, 505); insertions of fourth legs well medial

to lateral edge of ventral shield (fig. 501)

Genus Zelandalbia Imamura ..... (p. 111)

Gland portion of glandularia absent on posterolateral platelets

(fig. 485); leg segments not noticeably expanded or compressed;

fourth legs inserted laterally (fig. 482)

Genus Uralbia Hopkins ......... (p. 107)

Anterodorsal portion of ventral shield tapering to a well developed

medial point (figs. 418, 421); openings for insertion of fourth legs

with broad, truncate projections (figs. 410, 416); excretory pore

ventral in position; male IV-Leg-5 expanded distally but not ex-

tending far beyond insertions of IV-Leg-6 (figs. 407, 426)

Genus Paratryssaturus Imamura ... (p. 90)

Anterodorsal portion of ventral shield generally more or less

truncate medially (fig. 376) or actually indented (fig. 308);

(Note: do not confuse dorsal portion of ventral shield with the pro-

jecting roof of the camerostome. Figure 403 illustrates a more

or less truncate anterodorsal portion of the ventral shield and a

decidedly pointed roof of the camerostome); If anterodorsal por-

tion of ventral shield is slighly pointed medially (fig. 360), the

excretory pore is terminal or dorsal ........0.- Sie bcoun Wa 6) CR a an ee 13

Posterior suture lines of fourth coxae extending decidedly postero-

medially (figs. 309, 313); glands of the fourth coxae greatly reduced

in size; postocularia and all four pairs of glandularia of the dorsum

on well developed tubercles (fig. 308)

Genus Pilosaturus, new genus ...(p. 69)

Posterior suture lines of fourth coxae extending more or less at

right angles to long axis of body (figs. 316, 320) or slightly

anteromedially (fig. 318); glands of the fourth coxae not reduced

in Size; postocularia and the four pairs of dorsal glandularia not

BONN VO tai ican Sa ch ih als ane View Wid alae a Hays os Uk Gd a MR 14

IV -Leg-1 shorter than IV-Leg-2; distinct intercoxal slots for legs

present (figs. 358, 361); P-IV bulging ventrally, P-II with sharp-

pointed papillae ventrally (figs. 351, 359); edges of projections

associated with insertions of fourth legs without several setae on

CRG I Bee .Genus Piotaturus, new genus ....(p. 88)

52 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

IV -Leg-1 longer than IV-Leg-2; no intercoxal slots for legs; P-IV

of nearly the same height along entire length of segment; palpillae

of ventral side of P-II small and bluntly pointed or absent; edges

of projections associated with insertions of fourth legs with sev-

eral setae (figs. 316, 320, 365) ..... hg @ eas ae he Coa ae Coe tena LO

15. Glands of the fourth coxae placed near middle of fourth coxae

(figs. 316, 324); none of the genital acetabula doubled (two pore

plates in the same cavity); male fourth legs with varying types

of sexual dimorphism of the setae (figs. 317, 322, 327) .........c000. 16

Glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines between the

third and fourth coxae (fig. 382); typically with one set of an-

teriorly located, doubled acetabula (two pore plates in the same

cavity -- figures 374, 603); males with no pronounced sexual

dimorphism of the setae of the fourth legs (figs. 381, 404)

Genus Pseudotryssaturus, new genus ...(p. 75)

16. Dorsal shield as wide as, or nearly as wide as, long (figs. 329,

574); dorsal shield not reticulate in appearance (figs. 574, 575);

male with a distinct cauda (figs. 320, 332) i

Genus Neotryssaturus Cook..... (p. 72)

Dorsal shield much longer than wide (fig. 314); dorsal shield is

reticulate in appearance (fig. 573); males without a distinct

wanda (ie. 516) ...60.. 64.2... Genus Tryseaturus Hopkins’......(p. 71)

Genus PLANATURUS, new genus

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets bearing two pairs of glandularia and posteromedial plate bearing two pairs

of glandularia; integument smooth (fig. 561); anterodorsal portion of ventral

shield produced into a well developed hood which is more or less truncate an-

teriorly (fig. 236); a pair of glandularia immediately medial to insertions of the

fourth legs; no pronounced sexual dimorphism of the legs; leg segments laterally

compressed and high dorsoventrally; intercoxal slots present to house portions

of these leg segments; IV-Leg-2 the longest segment of the fourth leg; IV-Leg-3

short, partially covered by IV-Leg-2 and its ventral portion reduced to an angle

bearing two setae (fig. 247); projections associated with insertions of fourth legs

relatively broad; P-IV wider than high (figs. 244, 250).

Type Species: Planaturus setipalpis, new species.

Discussion: The proximal portion of IV-Leg-1 is constricted and then widens

out again at very end as shown in figure 255 for members of the present genus

and the following three, Taintaturus, Abelaturus and Omegaturus. When the leg

is removed it nearly always breaks at the point of constriction and, for this rea-

son, true length measurements of this segment are nearly impossible to obtain.

Planaturus, along with the three genera mentioned in the above paragraph,

form a natural genus group characterized by the tendency for IV-Leg-2 to become

lengthened, laterally compressed and dorsoventrally expanded. IV-Leg-3 is

reduced ventrally to more or less an angle bearing two setae (fig. 247). These

characters are without doubt synapomorphic for this genus group. In Omega-

turus, IV-Leg-2 is closer to the ancestral condition for the group (fig. 287) with

little expansion or compression but IV-Leg-3 is typical for the group. Other

characteristics are a tendency to form a hood at the anterior end of the dorsal

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 53

side of the ventral shield. Again, Omegaturus seems to be at the beginning of

a transformation series in which the hood ranges from only slightly developed

to well developed in the genera Planaturus and Taintaturus, especially in the

former (figs. 236, 241). Other shared characteristics are a pair of glandularia

located slightly posteromedial to the insertions of the fourth legs and well de-

veloped intercoxal slots. What appear to be the most primitive of these four

genera based on the characters listed above, Omegaturus and Abelaturus, ex-

hibit the most highly modified mouthparts, but this is likely a derived condition.

The fusion of the ''free'' glandularia with the anterolateral platelets will

easily separate the present genus from other members of its group.

40. Planaturus setipalpis, new species

(Figs. 236-243, 561)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 502

um (5164m-547u4m) in length, 380um (349um-395um) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with two pairs of glandu-

laria and the posteromedial plate bearing two pairs of glandularia; anterodorsal

portion of ventral shield forming a broad projecting hood; integument smooth

and with small pores (figure 561); figure 236 illustrates a dorsal view of the body;

ventral shield 7144m (7294m-745um) in length, 456um (44lum-500um) in width;

second and third coxae pointed and somewhat projecting; intercoxal slots pres-

ent between first and second coxae, second and third coxae and third and fourth

coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs relatively wide; a

pair of glandularia located immediately medial to these projections; male gono-

pore small and nearly terminal; numerous small setae surrounding gonopore;

ventral shield with a projection posterior to the gonopore; several pairs of geni-

tal acetabula present; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 13um (13um-

16um); P-II, 28um (27um-29um); P-III, 29um (26um-3lum); P-IV, 36um (36

um-38um); P-V, 17um; P-II noticeably humped dorsally and bearing a medial

thickened seta approximately 50um in length (fig. 238); capitulum 86um (80um-

864m) in length; anterodorsal portion of capitulum blunt and only slightly pro-

jecting; chelicera 86um (794m-83m) in length; all distal leg segments tending

to be high and laterally compressed; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

first leg: I-Leg-4, 45um (42um-46um); I-Leg-5, 4lum (4lum-42um); I-Leg-6,

36um (38um-4lum); height of I-Leg-5, 29um (30um-3lum); proportions of these

segments as illustrated for the female; dorsal lengths of the segments of the

fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 624m (62um-76um); IV-Leg-3, 24um (26um-28um); IV-

Leg-4, 35um (36um-37um); IV-Leg-5, 35um (33um-36um); IV-Leg-6, 52um

(45um-50um); greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 4lum (40um-43um); swimming

hairs absent.

Female: Dorsum as described for the male; dorsal shield 562um (532um-

577um) in length, 380um (3644m-410um) in width; ventral shield 744um (715

um-775um) in length, 44lum (4264m-486um) in width; except for genital field

area, ventral shield as described for male, although tending to be proportionally

somewhat narrower; gonopore terminal (fig. 241); female lacks the medial pro-

jection at posterior end of ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 12um (13um-l4um); P-I, 29um (28um-33um); P-III, 22um (23um-26um);

P-IV, 34um (33um-35um); P-V, 17um; P-II not as humped dorsally and medial

seta not as expanded as in male (fig. 240); capitulum 76um (72um-83uUm) in

length; chelicera 794m (83uUm-89um) in length; figure 242 shows the structure

O04 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

of the capitulum and chelicera; legs not exhibiting sexual dimorphism and are

as described for the male; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-4, 38um (35um-37um); I-Leg-5, 36um (36um-39um); I-Leg-6, 38um

(364um-38um); figure 237 shows the distal segments of the first leg; the dorsal

lenghts of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 65um (62uUm-65um); IV-

Leg-3, 27um (24um-26um); IV-Leg-4, 3lum (3lum-33um); IV-Leg-5, 3lum

(30um-3lum); IV-Leg-6, 4lum (4lum-44um); greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 34

um (3lum-35um); swimming hairs absent.

Holotype: Adult “, headwaters of Whangamata Stream, 10 km northwest of

of Taupo, North Island, Nov. 3, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 107, 12, same data as holotype; SOUTH ISLAND: 9c, 6 @, from

a trubutary of the Wakamarina River 7 km southeast of Canvastown (off Rt 6),

Nov. 5, 1982; 5 2, Oaro River at Oaro, on Rt 1 approx. 20 km south of Kaikoura,

Nov. 19, 1982; 3 2, Pariwhakaoho River on Rt 60, 14 km northwest of Takaka,

Nov. 24, 1982.

Discussion: As there are only two known species in this genus, no key is

given. See remarks under the following species for characteristics which will

separate the two.

41. Planaturus lundbladi, new species

(Figs. 244-251)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 570

um (540um-608um) in length, 410um (388um-47lum) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with two pairs of glandu-

laria and the posteromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia; dorsal sclerites

smooth and with small pores as shown for the preceding species (fig. 561); an-

teromedial portion of ventral shield forming a broad, projecting hood; ventral

shield 775um (7824m-85lum) in length, 532um (536um-592um) in width; second

and third coxae pointed and somewhat projecting; intercoxal slots present; pro-

jections associated with insertions of fourth legs relatively wide; a pair of gland-

ularia located medial to these projections; gonopore small and terminal; a medi-

ally located group of small setae extending anteriorly from gonopore (fig. 251);

no medial projection present posterior to gonopore; several genital acetabula

present on each side; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 14um (l5um-

17um); P-II, 3lum (32um-34um); P-III, 24um (25um-29um); P-IV, 4lum (40

um-42um); P-V, 17um (17um-l18um); P-II noticeably humped dorsally; none of

the setae of P-II greatly lengthened or expanded (fig. 244); capitulum 97um (104

4zm-107um) in length; anterodorsal portion of capitulum with a pronounced pro-

jection (fig. 246); chelicera 93um (93uUm-97uUm) in length; all the distal leg seg-

ments tending to be high and laterally compressed; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 45um (44um-45um); I-Leg-5, 40um (4lum-

42m); I-Leg-6, 4lum (4lum-44um); greatest height of I-Leg-5, 28um (29um-

3lum); dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 76um (83um-

86m); IV-Leg-3, 35um (34um-36um); IV-Leg-4, 37um (39um-4lum); IV-Leg-

5, 35um (36um-38um); IV-Leg-6, 5lum (5lum-52um); greatest height of IV-

Leg-2, 48um (5lum-55um); figure 247 illustrates the proportions and chaeto-

taxy of the fourth leg.

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 532m in length, 380

ium in width; ventral shield 744um in length, 47lum in width; except for genital

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 5)

field area, ventral shield as described for male, but not as narrowed in poste-

rior half; gonopore terminal (fig. 248); a few genital acetabula on each side; dor-

sal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 144m; P-II, 3lum; P-II, 23um; P-IV,

354m; P-V, 16um; P-II not as humped dorsally as in male (fig. 245); capitulum

834m in length and with an anterodorsal protuberance as in male; chelicera 97um

in length; legs not exhibiting sexual dimorphism and as described and illustrated

for male; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 35um;

I-Leg-5, 364m; I-Leg-6, 36um; greatest height of I-Leg-5, 24um; structure of

first leg similar to that shown for the related species (fig. 237); dorsal lengths

of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 624m; IV-Leg-3, 27um; IV-Leg-

4, 30um; IV-Leg-5, 3lum; IV-Leg-6, 43um; greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 39um.

Holotype: Adult &, from a stream on Wainui Rd, 5 km west of Mahinepua

Rd, northern North Island, Oct. 22, 1982

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 5 &, from Waima River on Rt. 12, 7 km west

of Taheke, Oct. 24, 1982; 13, from a stream at Twin Bridges, near Nukuta-

whiti, May 30, 1981.

Discussion: The present species differs from P. setipalpis in lacking the

enlarged setae on P-II (compare figures 238, 240 with figures 244, 245) and the

protuberance on the distodorsal portion of the capitulum is more pointed (com-

pare figures 242, 246). In addition, males of lundbladi lack a medial projection

posterior to the gonopore but do have a group of small setae extending anterior

to the gonopore (compare figures 243, 251).

Genus TAINTATURUS, new genus

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets bearing one pair of glandularia; a pair of very small glandularia sclerites

between medial corners of the anterolateral and posterolateral platelets and the

lateral edge of posteromedial plate; posteromedial plate bearing two pairs of

glandularia; dorsal sclerites variously reticulate or irregularly lined (figs. 562-

565); anterodorsal portion of ventral shield produced into a somewhat pointed

hood which generally does not extend anteriorly as far as tips of coxae; coxal

slots well developed; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs trun-

cate and of moderate size (figs. 266, 269); a pair of glandularia located imme-

diately medial to insertions of fourth legs; no pronounced sexual dimorphism of

the legs; leg segments laterally compressed and high dorsoventrally; IV-Leg-2

is largest segment of fourth leg; IV-Leg-3 short, partially covered by IV-Leg-2

and its ventral portion reduced to a median angle bearing two setae (fig. 255);

capitulum with an anchoral process and is not protrusible; P-IV wider than high

(this means that only a slight difference in orientation of palp on slide will re-

sult in great apparent variations in height of segment).

Type Species: Taintaturus hopkinsi, new species.

Discussion: The present genus is most closely related to Planaturus but

differs in having a pair of "free" glandularia on the dorsum, a less well devel-

oped anterodorsal hood and the integument tends to be more rugose. In some of

the species the integument may be so irregular that the genital acetabula are

difficult to see. Figure 266 shows what could be discerned from an examination

of several individuals mounted on slides. However,.a scanning EM photograph

in posterior view (fig. 602) shows there are generally three rows of acetabula.

Note that the pore plates are so deep, and cavities lacking pore plates so simi-

lar to those that do have them, that most acetabula cannot be determined with

56 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

certainty in ventral view.

KEY TO THE NEW ZEALAND

SPECIES OF TAINTATURUS

1. Anteromedial and posteromedial plates with numerous pores but

no obvious reticulate ornamentation (fig. 565)

Taintaturus projectus, new species .......(p. 60)

Anteromedidial and posteromedial plates with a distinct reticu-

Tite ALOR, a I0T eal ice akivb ese seems scene cuces seece 2

2. Projections associated with insertions of fourth legs moderately

wide, with the lateral margins gradually tapering (figs. 266, 268);

ornamentation of dorsal sclerites consisting of reticulations on

surface and a stellate appearance deeper into the integument

(fig. 562); IV-Leg-2 very high (fig. 264); male gonopore simple

(iia, 268) be. i aan s .- Taintaturus hopkinsi, new species ...... (p. 56)

Projections associated with insertions of fourth legs less wide and

with lateral margins extending straight forward or even somewhat

anteromedially (figs. 257, 259); ornamentation of the dorsal scle-

rites consisting of surface reticulations but not a stellate appear-

ance deeper in integument (figs. 563, 564); IV-Leg-2 of moderate

se (figs. 255, 260); male gonopore region modified (figs. 252,

AOU) Webbe teas Sn stk + ae ee CU a oe OER A ele ee ees 3

3. Male genital field with a small median pit partially covered by a

posteriorly directed projection located anterior to the gonopore

tie Ae ace ee ea ee ... Taintaturus abditus, new species ....... iD 58)

Male genital field without a median pit anterior to the gonopore

(Piet, BOO) a wy «aie ales ... Taintaturus accidens, new species ...... (p. 58)

42. Taintaturus hopkinsi, new species

(Figs. 262, 264-268, 271, 562, 602)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield

319um (2894um-319uUm) in length, 243um (243um-274um) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandu-

laria; one pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free; posteromedial plate

with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of the dorsal shield consisting of

surface reticulations which are not arranged in rows and deeper portions of

integument appearing stellate (fig. 562); anteromedial portion of ventral shield

forming a somewhat truncate hood which does not project as far forward as tips

of coxae (fig. 265); ventral shield 449um (388um-47lum) in length, 278um (278

um-2974m) in width; second and third coxae somewhat pointed; well developed

intercoxal slots present; anterolateral corners of ventral shield exhibit varying

degreed of development of anterior projections (fig. 268), but absent in some

individuals; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs relatively wide,

the outer margins tapering; a pair of glands located medial to these projections;

gonopore small, subterminal and flanked by a few setae (fig. 268); a few genital

acetabula on each side; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 19um (19um-

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 57

2lum); P-I, 364m (344m-38um); P-III, 244m (2lum-24um); P-IV, 46um (43

um-46um); P-V, 18um (19um-2lum); structure of palp as shown for the female;

capitulum 76um (664um-73um) in length; chelicera 97um (93um-100um) in length;

all distal segments of the legs tending to be high and laterally compressed; dor-

sal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 4lum (35um-4lum);

I-Leg-5, 454m (42um-48um); I-Leg-6, 27um (24um-28um); greatest height of

I-Leg-5, 284m (24um-26um); dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg:

IV-Leg-2, 80um (734m-83um); IV-Leg-3, 33um (284m-34um); IV-Leg-4, 38

um (30um-37um); IV-Leg-5, 364m (3lum-34um); IV-Leg-6, 52um (45um-50

um); greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 624m (52um-69um); figure 264 shows the

proportions and chaetotaxy of the fourth leg.

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 327um (3044um-334

um) in length, 265um (25lum-274um) in width; ventral shield 460um (418um-

464um) in length, 2974m (273um-304um) in width; except for genital field re-

gion, ventral shield as described for male; gonopore terminal (fig. 266); a few

genital acetabula present on each side; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 19um (17um-2lum); P-II, 36um (344m-36um); P-II, 22um (2lum-23um);

P-IV, 44um (43um-45um); P-V, 2lum (17um-20um); figure 271 shows the pro-

portions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 694m (694m-72um) in length and

with a pronounced anterodorsal projection; chelicera 87um (894m-97um) in

length; figure 262 shows a lateral view of the capitulum and chelicera; legs not

exhibiting sexual dimorphism and are as described and illustrated for the male;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 43um (35um-41

um); I-Leg-5, 43um (40um-42um); I-Leg-6, 50um (45um-48um); greatest

height of I-Leg-5, 27um (24um-28um); figure 267 illustrates these segments;

dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 794m (73um-76um);

IV-Leg-3, 3lum (24um-284m); IV-Leg-4, 3lum (29um-34um); IV-Leg-5, 3lum

(28um-3lum); IV-Leg-6, 524m (454m-49um); greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 59

itm (52um-59um).

Holotype: Adult o, from the headwaters of Whangamata Stream, 10 km rorth-

west of Taupo, North Island, Nov. 3, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 4 7, Kaeo River, on Waiare Rd 4 km south of

junction with Rt 10, Oct. 21, 1982; 1°, from a stream on Wainui Rd, 5 km west

of Mahinepua Rd, Oct. 22, 1982; 2 2, tributary of Waiwawa River at AA Rest

Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982; 70, 8 8,

Torere River at Torere, on Rt 35 north of Opotiki, Oct. 28, 1982; 2 o, Waimana

River in "Gorge", between Tameatura and Opotiki, Oct. 28, 1982;12, froma

stream at Omaukoro Bridge, on Rt 2, in the "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29,

1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 4 co, 2 9, from a tributary of the Wakamarina River, 7 km

southeast of Canvastown (off Rt 6), Nov. 5, 1982; 2 9, Shag River near its head-

waters, on Rt 85, 2 km west of Pigroot Summit (Central Otago), Nov. 16, 1982;

27, 1¢, Rocky Gully Stream, on Rt 8 between Cave and Fairlie (west of Timaru),

Nov. 18, 1982; 43 o, 115 $, Oaro River at Oaro, on Rt l approx. 20 km south of

Kaidoura, Nov. 19, 1982; 5 9, 20 9, Irongate Stream on Rt 1, 24 km north of

Kairoura, Nov. 21, 1982; 10, 19, Mororimu Stream on Rt 1, approx. 35 km

north of Kaikoura, Nov. 21, 1982; 3 o7, 19, Kaituna River on Rt 6, 5 km south of

Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982; 2 29, Graham Stream on Rt 6, at picnic grounds, 8 km

northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982; 3 o, Whangamoa River on Rt 6,

approx. 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982; 2 2, tributary of

the Waitapu River at Paynes Ford, 3 km south of Takaka, Nov. 24, 1982.

Discussion: The present species exhibits the fewest derived character states

58 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

of any of the four species assigned to the genus. The males of hopkinsi have a

Simple gonopore region, no development of a cauda and none of the setae on I-

Leg-4 are modified.

43. Taintaturus accidens, new species

(Figs. 256, 259-261, 263, 564)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 289

14m in length, 228um in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia; the

anterolateral platelets bearing one pair of glandularia; one pair of glandularia

on small sclerites lying free; posteromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia;

ornamentation of dorsal sclerites consisting of reticulations, some of which are

arranged in irregular rows (fig. 564); anteromedial portion of ventral shield

forming a dorsal hood which extends forward approximately to tips of first cox-

ae (fig. 261); ventral shield 410um in length, 273um in width; first coxae blunt;

second and third coxae somewhat pointed; well developed intercoxal slots pres-

ent; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs blunt and with lateral

margins curving Slightly medially; a pair of glands lying somewhat medial to

these projections; gonopore region modified, its morphology better illustrated

(fig. 259) than described; a few genital acetabula on each side; dorsal lengths of

the palpal segments: P-I, 17um; P-II, 374m; P-III, 294m; P-IV, 52um; P-V,

164m; ventral projection of P-III relatively long; figure 256 shows the propor-

tions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 764m in length; structure of capitu-

lum much as shown in figure 262 but anterodorsal projection slightly larger and

less pointed; chelicera 934m in length; all except the most proximal segments

of the legs high and laterally compressed; dorsal lengths of the distal segments

of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 48um; I-Leg-5, 52um; I-Leg-6, 524m; greatest height

of I-Leg-5, 364m; one of the two ventral setae on I-Leg-4 "normal", the other

short, truncate and somewhat expanded distally (fig. 263); dorsal lengths of the

segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 88um; IV-Leg-3, 35um; IV-Leg-4, 43um;

IV-Leg-5, 48um; IV-Leg-6, 58um; greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 4lum; figure

260 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the fourth leg.

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 3, from Adamson Creek on Rt. 6, between Lake Ianthe and

Wanganui, South Island, Nov. 9, 1982.

Discussion: This species seems most closely related to the following. See

remarks under the latter.

44. Taintaturus abditus, new species

(Figs. 252255, 257, 258, 563)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 289

um (288um-304um) in length, 224um (217um-232um) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandu-

laria; one pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free; posteromedial plate

with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield consisting of re-

ticulations arranged in irregular rows and as one focuses downwards, a papillate

appearance comes into view (fig. 563); anteromedial portion of ventral shield

forming a somewhat pointed dorsal hood which does not extend to the tips of the

first coxae (fig. 254); ventral shield 406um (395um-440um) in length, 274u4m

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 59

(258um-282um) in width; first coxae blunt; second and third coxae somewhat

pointed; intercoxal slots well developed; projections associated with insertions

of fourth legs truncate and with lateral margins more or less parallel to the

median margins; a pair of glandularia placed somewhat medial to these projec-

tions; gonopore region modified, with a posterior cleft; a small concavity with

a rounded, posteriorly directed projection located at anterior end of cleft; a few

genital acetabula present on each side; morphology of genital field region better

illustrated (fig. 252) than described; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,

17um (17um-194m); P-I, 34um (35um-38um); P-III, 27um (27um-3lum); P-

IV, 40um (40um-45um); P-V, 194m (20uUm-22um); figure 253 shows the pro-

portions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 794m (764m-82um) in length;

capitulum similar to than shown in figure 262 but anterodorsal projection not as

pointed; chelicera 96um (944m-107um) in length; all except the most proximal

leg segments relatively high and laterally compressed; dorsal lengths of the dis-

tal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 45um (44um-48um); I-Leg-5, 48um (48

um-52um); I-Leg-6, 45um (43um-5lum); greatest height of I-Leg-5, 3lum

(3lum-35um); one of the two ventral setae on I-Leg-4 "normal", the other ex-

panded and serrate (fig. 258); dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg:

IV-Leg-2, 83um (76um-88um); IV-Leg-3, 35um (33um-38um); IV-Leg-4, 40

um (38um-48um); IV-Leg-5, 42um (4lum-48um); IV-Leg-6, 50um (48um-55

um); greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 42um (4lum-46um); figure 255 illustrates the

fourth leg; in the fourth leg illustrated, the proximal portion of IV-Leg-1 did not

break off during removal of the leg but, as mentioned earlier, it rarely survives

dissection.

Female: Dorsum as described for the male; dorsal shield 293um (284um-

304m) in length, 232u4m (228um-232um) in width; ventral shield 395um (387

um-4104m) in length, 262um (258um-2734m) in width; except for genital field

region, ventral shield as described for male; gonopore terminal; a few genital

acetabula on each side (fig. 257); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 17

um (17um-18um); P-II, 35um (334m-35um); P-I, 27um (24um-26um); P-IV,

4lum (4lum-43ym); P-V, 18um (18um-19um); capitulum 76um (66um-76"m) in

length; chelicera 95um (864m-97um) in length; structure of palp, capitulum and

chelicera as described or illustrated for male; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 37um (37um-38um); I-Leg-5, 4lum (40um-42

uum); I-Leg-6, 43um (43um-45um); greatest height of I-Leg-5, 26um-28um;

segments of first leg similar to those shown for the male but not quite as high

and without the modified seta on I-Leg-4; dorsal lengths of the segments of the

fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 72um (72um-76um); IV-Leg-3, 3lum (29um-3lum); IV-

Leg-4, 35um (36um-4lum); IV-Leg-5, 35um (36um-38um); IV-Leg-6, 47um

(48um-49um); greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 34um (35um-38um); female fourth

leg similar to that of male.

Holotype: Adult o, Whangamoa River on Rt 6, approx. 5 km northeast of

Whangamoa Saddle, northern South Island, Nov. 23, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 2 o7, 1¢, Opouri River between Carluke and

Opouri Valley, on Tennyson Inlet Rd, Nov. 6, 1982; 12, Graham Stream on Rt

6, at picnic grounds 8 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 6, 1982; 2 G,

Adamson Creek on Rt 6, between Lake Ianthe and Wanganui, Nov. 9, 1982; 3 9,

Potters Creek on Rt 6, between Bruce Bay and Lake Paringa (north of Haast),

Nov. 10, 1982; 3 29, same data as holotype.

Discussion: The present species and the preceding, T. accidens, are closely

related, differing most noticeably in the more pronounced sexual dimorphism of

60 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

the genital field region in abditus (compare figures 252,259). Also the modified

setae on I-Leg-4 are different with the present species bearing the largest seta

(compare figures 258, 263). These two species exhibit a more derived condi-

tion of the male genital field than in hopkinsi.

45. Taintaturus projectus, new species

(Figs. 269, 270, 272-275, 565)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 236

um (2344m-236um) in length, 192um (200um) in width; anteromedial plate with

the postocularia; anterolateral platelets bearing a pair of glandularia; one pair

of glandularia lying on small, free sclerites; posteromedial plate with two pairs

of glandularia; ornamentation of the dorsal sclerites consisting of ill defined

lines and small body pores as shown for the female (fig. 565); anteromedial por-

tion of ventral shield with a somewhat pointed dorsal hood which does not extend

nearly to the tips of the first coxae; cauda, when viewed dorsally, extending well

posterior to excretory pore and bearing a pair of glandularia (fig. 275); ventral

shield 355um (355um-359um) in length, 229um (222um-225um) in width; ante-

rior three pairs of coxae more or less pointed; intercoxal slots well developed;

projections associated with insertions of fourth legs truncate and moderately

wide; a pair of glands located immediately lateral to these projections; gonopore

terminal and located on a small cauda (fig. 273); gonopore surrounded by seve-

ral small setae; a few genital acetabula on each side; dorsal lengths of the pal-

pal segments: P-I, 13um; P-II, 34um (33um-35um); P-III, 20um (20um-2lum);

P-IV, 364m (35um-36um); P-V, 20um (18uUm-19Um); palp similar to that shown

for female; capitulum 694m (644um-67uUm) in length; chelicera 794m (83m) in

length; structure of capitulum much as shown in figure 262 but anterodorsal pro-

jection is larger and more rounded; all except the most proximal leg segments

high and laterally compressed; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 36um (34um-35um); I-Leg-5, 364m (35u4m-38um); I-Leg-6, 39

um (36um-38um); greatest height of I-Leg-5, 30um (29um-30um); structure

of these segments as shown for the female; dorsal lengths of the segments of the

fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 6lum (52um-62um); IV-Leg-3, 3lum (28um-30um); IV-

Leg-4, 4lum (36um-38um); IV-Leg-5, 44um (39um-4lum); IV-Leg-6, 40um

(344um-39um); greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 4lum (42um); greatest height of IV-

Leg-4, 69um (62um-66um); figure 272 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of

the fourth leg.

Female: Dorsal shield as described for male; dorsal shield 28lum in length,

207um in width; figure 565 shows the ornamentation of the dorsal shield; ventral

shield 362um in length, 2334m in width; anterior portion of ventral shield simi-

lar to male but projections associated with insertions of fourth legs are smaller

and there is no development of a cauda (fig. 269); ridges posterior to insertions

of fourth legs curving medially; gonopore terminal; a few acetabula present on

each side; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, l4um; P-II, 35um; P-III,

19um; P-IV, 35um; P-V, 18um; figure 270 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy

of the palp; capitulum 69um in length; chelicera 864m in length; dorsal lengths

of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 344m; I-Leg-5, 37um; I-Leg-

6, 38um; greatest height of I-Leg-5, 3lum; figure 274 shows these segments;

dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 52um; IV-Leg-3,

294m; IV-Leg-4, 34um; IV-Leg-5, 3lum; IV-Leg-6, 38um; greatest height of

IV-Leg-2, 43um; greatest height of IV-Leg-4, 4lum; structure of fourth leg is

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 61

somewhat similar to that shown for the male but ventral bulge on IV-Leg-4 is

not aS pronounced.

Holotype: Adult 3, from Adamson Creek on Rt 6, between Lake Ianthe and

Wanganui, South Island, Nov. 9, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype. |

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 1 o, Whale Creek on Rt 6, west of Murchison,

Nov. 7, 1982; 16, from Cole Creek on Rt 6, between Lake Moeraki and Haast,

Nov. 10, 1982.

Discussion: Males of the present species may be easily separated from the

other known species of the genus by its possession of a cauda and IV-Leg-4 is

greatly expanded ventrally (fig. 272). Females also show this ventral expansion

of IV-Leg-4 which, although not as great as inthe male, is much greater than

in females of the the other species. The ornamentation of the dorsal sclerites

is the least complex of the genus (fig. 565) and is also diagnostic.

Genus ABELATURUS, new genus

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets bearing one pair of glandularia; a pair of small glandularia sclerites located

between medial corners of anterolateral and posterolateral platelets and lateral

edge of posteromedial plate; posteromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia;

dorsal sclerites reticulate (fig. 566); anterodorsal portion of ventral shield pro-

duced into a somewhat pointed hood which extends beyond tips of coxae; coxal

slots well developed; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs very

large and somewhat pointed (figs. 276, 281); a pair of glands immediately pos-

teromedial to insertions of fourth legs; no pronounced sexual dimorphism of the

legs; leg segments laterally compressed and high dorsoventrally (although the

height of the anterior legs not as high as in members of the preceding two gene-

ra); IV-Leg-2 is largest segment of the fourth leg; IV-Leg-3 short, partially

covered by IV-Leg-2 and its ventral side reduced to a median angle bearing two

setae (fig. 277); capitulum much longer than high, without an anchoral process

and attached to a tube of soft integument to form somewhat protrusible mouth-

parts (fig. 282); P-IV not broadened as in the previous two genera.

Type Species: Abelaturus cornophorus, new species.

46. Abelaturus cornophorus, new species

(Figs. 276-278, 280-282, 285, 566)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 350

4m (3384m-374u4m) in length, 273um (265um-297um) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandu-

laria; one pair of glandularia on ''free'' sclerites; posteromedial plate with two

pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal sclerites consisting of a reticulate

pattern as shown for the female (fig. 566); anteromedial portion of ventral shield

forming a somewhat pointed dorsal hood which extends far beyond the tips of the

first coxae; ventral shield 4864m (4604m-5024m) in length, 312um (304um-334

um) in width; tips of first three pairs of coxae somewhat pointed; capitular bay

relatively shallow; intercoxal slots well developed; projections associated with

insertions of fourth legs extremely large, projecting posterolaterally to edges

of body (fig. 281); a pair of glandularia located somewhat medial to these pro-

jections; genital field region relatively simple, consisting of a small, oval gono-

62 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

pore flanked by three setae, which is located well anterior to the posterior end;

a few genital acetabula present on each side; anterolateral portion of ventral

shield with horn-like projections and posterolateral edges of ventral shield with

small, posteriorly-directed projections (these may be more dorsally placed on

the upper rim of ventral shield and not apparent in ventral view; dorsal lengths

of the palpal segments: P-I, 17um (17um-194m); P-II, 32um (30uUm-3lum); P-

Il, 20um (18um-19um); P-IV, 5lum (48um-52um); P-V, 22um (2lum-22um);

the morphology of palp as illustrated for the female; capitulum 12lum (117um-

125um) in length; capitulum much longer than high with palp inserted well proxi-

mal to tip; capitulum attached to soft integument to form somewhat protrusible

mouthparts; morphology of capitulum as shown for the female; chelicera 12lum

(114um-124um) in length; leg segments of first three pairs of legs tending to be

longer and less proportionally high than in members of the genera Palnaturus

and Taintaturus; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4,

38um (36um-38um); I-Leg-5, 4lum (39um-43um); I-Leg-6, 58um (57um-60

lam); greatest height of I-Leg-5, 24um (24um-27um); dorsal lengths of the seg-

ments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 69um (67um-69um); IV-Leg-3, 24um (23 um-

244m); IV-Leg-4, 28um (27um-3lum); IV-Leg-5, 34um (32um-33um); IV-Leg-

6, 45um (46um-49um); greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 3lum (28um-3lum); length

of IV-Leg-I not given because proximal portion is always broken off, but its dis-

tal portion proportionally much longer than in the preceding two genera.

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 380uUm (304um-365

44m) in length, 3194m (2664Um-289um) in width; figure 566 shows the ornamenta-

tion of the dorsum; ventral shield 547um (425um-502um) in length, 349um (304

um-3344m) in width; except for genital field region, ventral shield as described

for male; gonopore terminal and comparatively small and narrow (fig. 276); a

few genital acetabula on each side; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,

2lum (19um-20um); P-II, 33um (3lum-33um); P-III, 19um (19um-2lum); P-IV,

53um (48um-53um); P-V, 23um (2lum-23um); figure 280 illustrates the pro-

portions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 124um (934m-114um) in length and

as described for male; chelicera 127um (97um-12lum) in length; figure 282 shows

a lateral view of the capitulum; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 4lum (38um-40um); I-Leg-5, 46um (43um-45um); I-Leg-6, 62

um (62um-63um); greatest height of I-Leg-5, 25um; figure 285 shows these

segments; dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 79um (62

um-76um); IV-Leg-3, 254m (2lum-26um); IV-Leg-4, 3lum (28um-3lum); IV-

Leg-5, 33um (28um-3lum); IV-Leg-6, 48um (45um-48um); figure 277 illus-

trates the fourth leg.

Holotype: Adult ©, tributary of the Wakamarina River, 7 km southeast of

Canvastown (off Rt 6), South Island, Nov. 5, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 2 2, from a tributary of the Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop, 3

km west of Coroglan (Coromandel Peninsula), North Island, Oct. 27, 1982; 4 o,

from the Whangamoa River on Rt 6, approx. 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Sad-

dle, South Island, Nov. 23, 1982.

Discussion: This is presently the only known member of its genus, and the

characters given in the generic key are diagnostic.

Genus OMEGATURUS, new genus

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets bearing one pair of glandularia; a pair of small glandularia sclerites located

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 63

between medial corners of anterolateral and posterolateral platelets and the la-

teral edges of the posteromedial plate; posteromedial plate bearing two pairs of

elandularia; dorsal sclerites with small reticulations (fig. 567); anterodorsal

portion of ventral shield with a very broad hood which is indented medially (much

as shown in figure 350); coxal slots well developed; projections associated with

insertions of fourth legs of moderate size and truncate; a pair of glands located

somewhat posteromedial to insertions of the fourth legs; no sexual dimorphism

of the legs; leg segments, with the exception of IV-Leg-2, not laterally com-

pressed, and even this segment is only slightly compressed; IV-Leg-3 short,

with its ventral side becoming reduced to a median angle and bearing two setae

(fig. 287); IV-Leg-2 only slightly covering IV-Leg-3; capitulum long, with an

anchoral process and not protrusible; palpal segments elongated, P-II with a few

small ventral integumental projections (fig. 283).

Type Species: Omegaturus longipalpis, new species.

Discussion: If one disregards the elongated capitulum and palpal segments

which are without doubt derived conditions, this genus exhibits character states

which seem to be at the beginning of transformation series in which the more

derived conditions are found in the preceding three genera. These character-

istics include greater dorsoventral expansion and lateral compression of the leg

segments and greater development of an anterodorsal hood in the other three gene-

ra. Omegaturus shares a number of similarities with the genus Piotaturus,

which is described later in this paper. See remarks under the latter genus.

47. Omegaturus longipalpis, new species

(Figs. 279, 283, 284, 286, 287, 290, 567)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 456

um (426um-430um) in length, 410um (3654m-395um) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandu-

laria; one pair of glandularia on small free-lying sclerites; posteromedial plate

with two pairs of glandularia; with a slight development of ridges on the dorsum;

ornamentation of dorsum as shown for the female (fig. 567); anteromedial por-

tion of ventral shield with a broad, medially indented hood similar to that shown

in figure 350 but is even larger; ventral shield 638um (600uUm-610uUm) in length,

425um (395um-410uUm) in width; well developed coxal slots present; projections

associated with insertions of fourth legs truncate and expanded at ends, with the

lateral margins extending anteromedially; a pair of glands located slightly pos-

teromedial to these projections; genital field area slightly projecting; gonopore

small and somewhat subterminal; a few genital acetabula on each side; figure

286 shows the structure of the genital field; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 34um (29um-3lum); P-II, 100um (93um-98um); P-III, 97uUm (93um-95uUm);

P-IV, 145um (147um-149um); P-V, 27um (24um-27um); ventral side of P-II

with a few small cuticular spines; palpal segments greatly elongated as illus-

trated for the female; capitulum 13lum (12lum-128um) in length; chelicera 104

um (1044um-1174m) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 694m (62um-66um); I-Leg-5, 79um (764m-78um); I-Leg-6, 79

um (76um-79uUmM); greatest height of I-Leg-5, 264m; structure of these seg-

ments as shown for female; dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-

Leg-2, 9lum (87Um-89um); IV-Leg-3, 32um (3lum-32um); IV-Leg-4, 76um

(73um-75um); IV-Leg-5, 76um (73 um-75uUm); IWV-Leg-6, 73um (69um-Tlum);

greatest height of IV-Leg-2, 38um (35um-37uUm); figure 287 shows the propor-

64 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

tions and chaetotaxy of the fourth leg.

Female: Dorsum as described for the male; dorsal shield 410um (418um-

456um) in length, 365um (368um-395um) in width; ventral shield 593um (593

um-654um) in length, 395um (395um-426um) in width; except for genital field

region, ventral shield as described for male; gonopore terminal; a few genital

acetabula on each side (fig. 290); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 33

um (3lum-35um); P-II, 93um (95um-1l00um); P-III, 87um (89um-97um); P-

IV, 143um (1394um-149um); P-V, 27um (27um-28um); capitulum 130um (128um-

135m) in length; chelicera 117m (12lum-124um) in length; figure 283 illustrates

the capitulum and palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-

Leg-4, 59um (62um-66um); I-Leg-5, 734m (75um-78um); I-Leg-6, 72um (73

um-76um); greatest height of I-Leg-5, 25um (24um-25um); figure 279 shows

these segments; dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 80

um (8lum-83um); IV-Leg=-3, 3lum (29um-35um); IV-Leg-4, 69um (69um-77

um); IV-Leg-5, 72um (66um-74um); IV-Leg-6, 69um (69um-73um); greatest

height of IV-Leg-2, 34um (36um-37um); fourth leg as shown for male.

Holotype: Adult “, from a stream at Sandy's Bridge, on Rt 2 in the "Gorge"

south of Opotiki, North Island, Oct. 29, 1982.

Allotype: Adult $, same aS as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 ¢%, 12, same area as holotype on June 3, 1981;

1, from a stream at Opato Bridge, 67 km southeast of Opotiki, June 3, 1981;

] of 1, same data as holotype; SOUTH ISLAND: 2 ?, from Graham Stream on

Rt 6, at picnic grounds, 8 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982;

2°, Whangamoa River on Rt 6, approx. 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle,

Nov. 23, 1982.

Genus TRYSSATUROPSIS Cook

Tryssaturopsis Cook, 1974. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst., 21: 355.

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets bearing one pair of glandularia; posteromedial plate with three pairs of

elandularia; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs appearing more

or less pointed in ventral view, with a few to many setae along lateral margins

of these projection; IV-Leg-1 very long and bearing numerous setae; IV-Leg-2

with a ventral or distoventral projection; males with a distinct cauda and the

fourth leg exhibiting a pronounced sexual dimorphism; P-IV of relatively uniform

height along entire length and with a small, thickened terminal seta on medial

side (fig. 288).

Type Species: Tryssaturopsis novus (Hopkins).

Discussion: Cook (1974) described Tryssaturopsis as a subgenus of Tryss-

aturus but it certainly deserves full generic ranking.

KEY TO THE NEW ZEALAND

SPECIES OF TRYSSATUROPSIS

1. Dorsal shield relatively wide and with closely set papillae (figs.

568, 570); males with the following set of characters: excretory

pore placed on dorsal surface of cauda (figs. 289, 304); IV-Leg-

4 without pectinate setae (figs. 294, 305);distal projection on IV-

Leg-2 extending definitely distoventrally si ns abt ia n aise AEA eet mise 2

Dorsal shield proportionally narrower and with the Pe otiae poe

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 65

tively widely separated and interconnected producing a reticulate

condition (figs. 569, 571); males with the following set of charac-

ters: excretory pore on dorsal rim of ventral shield near dorsal

furrow (figs. 293, 302); IV-Leg-4 with one or two pectinate setae

(figs. 299, 300); projection on IV-Leg-2 extending more or less

VOPR eis oan aes cok Riau dare ks Wd « eases

Fh at whe Aa kanld ue ak

2. Some of the papillae of the dorsal shield much larger than the rest

(fig. 570); male cauda relatively narrow (fig. 304)

Tryssaturopsis parvicaudatus, new species .(p. 66)

Papillae of dorsal shield of relatively uniform size (fig. 568); male

cauda wide and tripartate (fig. 289)

Tryssaturopsis asopos, new species ....(p. 65)

3. Projection on male IV-Leg-2 extending directly ventrally with the

dimensions in this direction greater than length of segment; swim-

ming hairs absent from flattened surface of male IV-Leg-4 (fig.

300); male cauda somewhat pointed laterally (fig. 293)

Tryssaturopsis novus (Hopkins) .........(p. 67)

Projection on male IV-Leg-2 extending slightly distally as well as

ventrally, with dimensions in this direction less than length of

the segment; swimming hairs present on flattened surface of male

IV-Leg-4 (fig. 299); male cauda more rounded laterally (fig. 302)

Tryssaturopsis solivagus, new species ..(p. 69)

48. Tryssaturopsis asopos, new species

(Figs. 288, 289, 291, 292, 294, 296, 568)

Male: Both eye and integumental pigment developed; dorsal shield 395um

(342um-3804m) in length, 380um (327um-365um) in width; anteromedial plate

bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia;

posteromedial plate with three pairs of glandularia; dorsal shield with ridges

which are similar, but somewhat more pronounced, than shown for female; dor-

sal sclerites with small papillae of a relatively uniform size (fig. 568); ventral

shield 562um (479um-562um) in length, 3994m (36lum-380um) in width; ante-

rior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae lateral to anterior ends of the

insertions of fourth legs; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs

bluntly pointed and with numerous setae on lateral margins; genital field lying

on a well developed cauda whose morphclogy is better illustrated (fig. 292) than

described; cauda 304um (2624m-293um) in width; a pair of ridges extending

anteromedially from corners of body proper; gonopore small and nearly termi-

nal; many genital acetabula present, these in three groups (fig. 289) and mostly

confined to the dorsal surface; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 3lum

(29um-30um); P-II, 59um (594um-62um); P-III, 29um (27um-30um); P-IV,

96um (97um); P-V, 284m (29um-30um); structure of palp as shown for the fe-

male; capitulum 107um (974m-107um) in length; chelicera 145um (13lum-140um)

in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 83um

(84um); I-Leg-5, 93um (92um); I-Leg-6, 924m (90um); dorsal lengths of the

segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, 222um (196um-24lum); IV-Leg-2, 96um

(81um-89um); IV-Leg=3, 96um (93um-97um); IV-Leg-4, 133um (129um-14lum);

IV-Leg-5, 118u4m (125um-13lum); IV-Leg-6, 137um (118um-133um); projection

66 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

on IV-Leg-2 extending distoventrally and truncate; IV-Leg-4 only slightly ex-

panded; figure 294 shows the structure of the fourth leg.

Female: Ornamentation and arrangement of glandularia as described for the

male; dorsal shield 425um (364um-425um) in length, 380uUm (3344um-388um)

in width; ventral shield 516um (4344m-547um) in length, 395um (3424m-399um)

in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae located slightly

anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs; projections associated with insertions

of fourth legs pointed when viewed ventrally, and with several setae on lateral

margins; genital field region somewhat projecting; genital acetabula numerous;

figure 296 shows the morphology of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the pal-

pal segments: P-I, 32um (29um-33um); P-, 58um (52um-59um); P-II, 28um

(27um-3lum); P-IV, 76um (66um-77um); P-V, 29um (28um-3lum); figure 288

shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 103um (103um-ll0um)

in length; chelicera 1384m (138um-159um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 69um (664m-70um); I-Leg-5, 77um (73um-

86um); I-Leg-6, 76um (764um-83"Um); figure 291 shows the structure of these

segments.

Holotype: Adult “, from Waikohatu Stream on Rt 12, in the Kauri Forest,

northern North Island, May 29, 1981.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype. |

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 3 o, 4 $, same data as holotype; 1°, from Te

Whaiau Stream at junction of Rt 47 and Rotaaria Rd, June 5, 1981; 192, Waikohatu

Stream on Rt 12 (in Waipoua State Forest), Oct. 24, 1982; 19, Torere River at

Torere, on Rt 35 north of Opotiki, Oct. 28, 1982; 1%, 4%, from a stream 1 km

north of Tohere (east of Opotiki) on Rt 35, Oct. 29, 1982; 2 o, 14 9, from the

Kotare ''River"’, on Rt. 30, Oct. 31, 1982.

Discussion: The structure of the cauda (fig. 289) and the only slight expan-

sion of IV-Leg-4 are diagnostic for the male. A dorsal shield with pronounced

ridges, papillae of the dorsum all the same size and position of the glands of the

fourth coxae somewhat anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs are diagnostic

for the female.

49. Tryssaturopsis parvicaudatus, new species

(Figs. 301, 303-305, 307, 570)

Male: Both eye and integumental pigment developed; dorsal shield 3954m

(3504m-374um) in length, 358um 3194m-350um) in width; anteromedial plate

bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets bearing a pair of glandularia;

posteromedial plate with three pairs of glandularia; dorsal shield with both large

and small papillae as in the female (fig. 570); ventral shield 547um (502um-520-

um) in length, 380um (334um-365um) in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands

of the fourth coxae located somewhat anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs;

projections associated with insertions of fourth legs somewhat pointed and with

several setae on lateral margins; genital field on a proportionally narrow but

distinct cauda whose morphology is better illustrated (fig. 307) than described;

cauda 167um (1524m-167um) in width; well developed ridges extending antero-

medially from posterior corners of body proper; gonopore small, simple and

almost terminal; many genital acetabula present, most of which are confined to

the ventral surface; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 29um (28um=29

um); P-II, 52um (48um-52um); P-II, 26um (24um-25um); P-IV, 69um (64um-

69um); P-V, 27um (25um-284m); structure of palp as shown for a related spe-

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 67

cies (fig. 288); capitulum 86um (73um-80um) in length; chelicera ll4um (97um-

lllum) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4,

T2um (66um-69um); I-Leg-5, 83um (76um-83m); I-Leg-6, 79um (72um-79

um); dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 207um (200um-

207um); IV-Leg-2, 894m (8lum-91um); IV-Leg-3, 59um (59um-63uUm); IV-Leg-

4, 137um (1264m-130um); IV-Leg-5, lllum (104um-108um); IV-Leg-6, lllum

(109um-115um); IV-Leg-2 with a distoventral projection which is somewhat trun-

cate; IV-Leg-4 greatly expanded; figure 305 shows the proportions and chaeto-

taxy of the fourth leg.

Female: Ornamentation and arrangement of the glandularia of the dorsum as

described for the male; dorsal shield 388um (380um-406um) in length, 349um

(342um-364um) in width; figure 570 shows the enlarged papillae on the dorsal

sclerites which are characteristic of this species; ventral shield 502um (486um-

502um) in length, 3644m (3564m-380um) in width; anterior coxae projecting;

glands of fourth coxae located anterior but slightly medial to insertions of the

fourth legs; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs appearing to

be pointed in ventral view and with several setae on lateral edges; genital field

region distinctly set off from remainder of ventral shield; genital acetabula nu-

merous; figure 301 shows the morphology of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of

the palpal segments: P-I, 294m (29um-32um); P-II, 52um (48um-55um); P-III,

274m (24um-28um); P-IV, 67um (65um-72um); P-V, 28um (27um-29 um);

capitulum 904m (87um-90um) in length; chelicera 1174m (1174m-1304m) in length;

figure 303 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 60um (59um-64um);

I-Leg-5, 66um (66um-Tlum); I-Leg-6, 69um (66um-69"um).

Holotype: Adult o, from Waikohatu Stream on Rt 12 (in the Kauri Forest),

northern North Island, May 29, 1981.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 1 o, 8 2, same data as holotype; 4 “, 12, from Waikohatu Stream

on Rt 12 (in Waipoua State Forest), northern North Island, Oct. 24, 1982.

Discussion: The narrow cauda is diagnostic for the male. Females may be

distinguished from other members of the genus by the presence of conspicuous

enlarged papillae on the dorsal sclerites (fig. 570).

00. Tryssaturopsis novus (Hopkins)

(Figs. 293, 295, 297, 300, 569)

Tryssaturus novus Hopkins, 1967. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 10: 41.

Tryssaturus (Tryssaturopsis) novus Cook, 1974. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst.,

al; 395.

Male: Both eye and integumental pigment well developed; dorsal shield 380

um (3%72um-410um) in length, 304um (2744m-3194m) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandula-

ria; posteromedial plate with three pairs of glandularia; dorsal shield witha re-

ticulate ornamentation as shown for the female (fig. 569); ventral shield 525um

(502um-532um) in length, 319uUm (304um-349um) in width; anterior coxae pro-

jecting; glands of the fourth coxae lying directly anterior to insertions of the

fourth legs; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs pointed when

viewed laterally and with a few setae on lateral margins; genital field lying ona

well developed cauda whose morphology is better illustrated (fig. 295) than des-

68 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

cribed; cauda 288um (266um-290um) in width; U-shaped ridges, partially en-

closing a pair of glandularia, extending anteromedially at base of cauda and be-

ginning well medial to corners of body proper; gonopore small, simple and al-

most terminal; many genital acetabula present, most of which are confined to

the dorsal surface (fig. 293); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 3lum

(27um-3lum); P-II, 64um (62um-66um); P-II, 3lum (28um-3lum); P-IV, 80

um (764um-80uUm); P-V, 3lum (30um-3lum); structure of palp as in the related

species (fig. 288); capitulum 93um (89um-90uUm) in length; chelicera 145um (142

um-146um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-

4, 83um (76um-79uUm); I-Leg-5, 86um (864um-87uUm); I-Leg-6, 83um (84um-

874m); dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 177um (163

um-170uUm); IV-Leg-2, 88um (74um-8lum); IV-Leg-3, 96um (8lum-94uUm);

IV-Leg-4, 148um (133um-162um); IV-Leg-5, 133um (133 um-14lum); IV-Leg-6,

125um (123 um-126um); IV-Leg-2 with a large projection which extends directly

ventrally; IV-Leg-4 greatly expanded; figure 300 shows the proportions and chae-

totaxy of the fourth leg, |

Female: Ornamentation and arrangement of the glandularia of dorsum as

described for male; dorsal shield 380um (372uUm-395um) in length, 297um (289

4m-319um) in width; figure 569 is a photograph of the dorsum; ventral shield

456um (440um-456um) in length, 304um (296um-3194m) in width; anterior cox-

ae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae located nearly directly anterior to the

insertions of the fourth legs; projections associated with insertions of the fourth

legs pointed when viewed ventrally and with two or three setae on lateral margins;

genital field region not distinctly set off from body; genital acetabula numerous;

figure 297 shows the morphology of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the pal-

pal segments: P-I, 30um (30um-3lum); P-II, 65um (62um-66um); P-III, 3lum

(30um-33um); P-IV, 76um (Tlum-80um); P-V, 3lum (29um-3lum); structure

of palp similar to that of the related species (fig. 288); capitulum 86um (87um-

90um) in length; chelicera 152um (1494m-=152um) in length; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 72um (67um-76uUm); I-Leg-5, 76um

(7Tlum-=8lum); I-Leg-6, 74um (7lum-83um).

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 13 &, 14 2, Waikohatu Stream on Rt 12

(in Kauri Forest), May 29, 1981; 2 %, 3 9, from Te Whaiau Stream at junction of

Rt 47 and Rotoaria Rd, June 5, 1981; 10 o, 17 9, Orauhora Stream on Rt 30, be-

tween Barryville and Benneydale, June 6, 1981; 3 2, Waikohatu Stream on Rt 12

(in Waipoua State Forest), Oct. 24, 1982; 1c, Mangamawhete Stream on Rt 3,

between Inglewood and Stratford (Egmont area), Nov. 1, 1982; 18 o7, 172, from a

stream on Rt 6 just north of Makatote Viaduct, between Raetiki and National Park,

Nov. 2, 1982; 4 3, 19, Makokomiko Stream on Rt 4 (1 km south of Erua), be-

tween Erua and National Park, Nov. 2, 1982; 4 07, 72, Otupoto Stream on Rt 32,

west of Lake Taupo, Nov. 3, 1982.

Discussion: The structure of the cauda and fourth legs relate the present

species to the following, T. solivagus, both differing from other known mem-

bers of the genus in having a cauda nearly as wide as the body. Also, the ridges

at the posterior end of the body proper are U-shaped and are placed well medial

to lateral edges of body (figs. 295, 298). Females of the present species differ

from other known females of the genus in not having the genital field distinctly

set off from the rest of the body and in the reticulate ornamentation of the dor-

sal sclerites. The female of the following species, which is unknown, is ex-

pected to be very similar to that of the present female.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 69

ol. Tryssaturopsis solivagus, new species

(Figs. 298, 299, 302, 571)

Male: Both eye and integumental pigment well developed; dorsal shield 388

zm in length, 289um in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia; the

anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia and the posteromedial plate

with three pairs of glandularia; figure 571 shows the ornamentation of the dor-

sal shield; ventral shield 540um in length, 319um in width; anterior coxae pro-

jecting; glands of the fourth coxae located directly anterior to insertions of the

fourth legs; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs somewhat point-

ed and with several setae on lateral margins; genital field lying on a well deve-

loped cauda whose morphology is better illustrated (fig. 298) than described;

cauda 2704um in width; U-shaped ridges, partially surrounding a pair of glandu-

laria, extending anteromedially from base of cauda and beginning well medial

to posterior corners of body proper; gonopore small, simple and almost termi-

nal; many genital acetabula present, most of which are confined to the dorsal

surface (fig. 302); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 27um; P-II, 48

um; P-III, 24um; P-IV, 66um; P-V, 254m; palp similar to that of other mem-

bers of the genus; capitulum 83um in length; chelicera 107um in length; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 76um; I-Leg-5, 83um;

I-Leg-6, 86um; dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, 155

um; IV-Leg-2, 89um; IV-Leg-3, 794m; IV-Leg-4, 137um; IV-Leg-5, 100um;

IV-Leg-6, 964m; IV-Leg-2 with a somewhat pointed ventral projection; IV-Leg-

4 expanded and bearing a dorsal row of setae (fig. 299).

Female: Unknown (but expected to be very similar to that of the preceding

species).

Holotype: Adult 37, from Waikohatu Stream on Rt 12, in the Kauri Forest

(Waipoua State Forest), North Island, May 29, 1981.

Discussion: This species is most closely related to T. novus but differs in

having the projection on IV-Leg-2 directed somewhat more distoventrally and

the dorsal side of IV-Leg-4 with a row of setae, The cauda is less distinctly set

off from the body proper in the present species (compare figures 293, 302) and

the ridges on the ventral shield are different (compare figures 295, 298).

Genus PILOSATURUS, new genus

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets with one pair of glandularia; a pair of glandularia sclerites (glandularia 2)

between medial corners of anterolateral and posterolateral platelets and the

lateral edges of the posteromedial plate; posteromedial plate bearing two pairs

of glandularia; postocularia and all dorsal glandularia on well developed tuber-

cles (fig. 308); integument with numerous, closely packed, fine pointed pro-

jections, giving it a velvety appearance (fig. 572); posterior margins of fourth

coxae extending decidedly posteromedially (figs. 309, 313); glands of the fourth

coxae greatly reduced in size and well removed from suture lines between third

and fourth coxae; male without a distinct cauda, although genital field region is

slightly set off from the body; male fourth leg exhibiting a slight sexual dimor-

phism (fig. 306); coxal slots not developed; legs not laterally compressed; P-II

without ventral papillae; IV-Leg-1 relatively long.

Type Species: Pilosaturus villosus (Hopkins).

70 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

52. Pilosaturus villosus (Hopkins)

(Figs. 306-313, 572)

Tryssaturus villosus Hopkins, 1967. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 10: 38.

Male: Eye pigment developed; dorsa. shield 433um in length, 380um in width;

anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia on small humps; anterolateral plate-

lets with a pair of glandularia; one pair of glandularia located on small sclerites

lying free in the integument; two pairs of glandularia present on posteromedial

plate; all dorsoglandularia on small humps (fig. 308); with numerous, small in-

tegumental projections giving the mite a velvety appearance; ventral shield 540um

in length, 410um in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae

very small and placed anterior to insertions of fourth legs; projections associ-

ated with insertions of fourth legs pointed and with several setae on lateral edges;

genital field slightly set off from rest of body to form a very short cauda 193um

in width; a pair of enlarged glandularia tubercles extending somewhat posterior

to the genital field; many pairs of acetabula present; gonopore small, simple and

nearly terminal in position; third, and especially the fourth, coxae projecting

posteromedially, with posterior suture lines of fourth coxae extending nearly to

the genital field (fig. 313); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 4lum; P-

II, 69um; P-III, 3lum; P-IV, 87um; P-V, 36um; structure of palp as shown for

the female; capitulum 112um in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of

the first leg: I-Leg-4, 85um; I-Leg=-5, 93um; I-Leg-6, 864m; dorsal lengths of

the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 145um; IV-Leg-2, 93um; IV-Leg-3,

90um; IV-Leg-4, 1l7um; IV-Leg-5, 12lum; IV-Leg-6, 114um; fourth leg slightly

modified, with IV-Leg-2 bearing a vertrally directed, thickened seta; IV-Leg-3

with three heavy setae and IV-Leg=-5 somewhat swollen (fig. 306).

Female: Eye pigment developed; dorsal shield 479um-498um in length, 412

um-418uUm in width; structure of dorsum as described for the male; figure 572

shows the ornamentation of the dorsal shield; ventral shield 540um-577um in

length, 434um-440um in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth

coxae small and placed anterior to insertions of fourth legs; projections associ-

ated with insertions of fourth legs pointed in ventral view and with three long se-

tae on lateral margins; genital field subterminal; gonopore much larger than in

male; many genital acetabula present; third and fourth coxae extending postero-

medially; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae ending near genital field; figure

309 shows the structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 4lum-43um; P-II, 74um-76um; P-OI, 34um-36um; P-IV, 93um-

95um; P-V, 40um; figure 31l shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp;

capitulum 114um-118um in length; chelicera 1794um-183uUm in length; figure 312

shows a lateral view of the capitulum and chelicera; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, Tlum-76um; I-Leg-5, 83um-86um; I-Leg-

6, 834m; figure 310 shows the structure of these segments; fourth legs not ex-

hibiting sexual dimorphism, i.e., no heavy setae on IV-Leg-2 and 3, and IV-

Leg-5 not swollen.

Material Examined: The type locality of this species is a stream in the Ta-

rarua Mountains in southern North Island and the above description is based in

part on material from this region sent to me by Dr. Ceri Hopkins. I took a fe-

male from Whale Creek on Rt 6, west of Murchison, South Island, Nov. 7, 1982.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 71

Discussion: Although the pilose integument is unusual, it is also found in one

of the species of Piotaturus. Most noticeable differences are the posteromedi-

ally directed third and fourth coxae (which extend nearly to the genital field) and

the presence of enlarged tubercles bearing the dorsal glandularia. The sexual

dimorphism of the male fourth leg, though slight, is distinctive and unlike that

in any other genus of Notoaturinae.

Genus TRYSSATURUS Hopkins

Tryssaturus Hopkins, 1967. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 10: 36.

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets with one pair of glandularia; a pair of small glandularia sclerites (glandu-

laria 2) between medial corners of anterolateral and posterolateral platelets and

lateral edges of posteromedial plate; posteromedial plate with two pairs of gland-

ularia; none of the glandularia on tubercles; dorsal sclerites with a reticulate

pattern (fig. 573); coxae confined to anterior half of body; posterior suture lines

of fourth coxae extending more or less at right angles to the long axis of the body

(figs. 316, 318); glands of the fourth coxae of normal size and placed well pos-

terior to suture lines between third and fourth coxae; coxal slots absent, legs

not laterally compressed; P-II with a few very small ventral papillae; P-IV of

nearly the same height along entire length and with a small but thickened termi-

nal seta medially; IV-Leg-l relatively long and bearing numerous setae; male

without a distinct cauda; male fourth leg exhibiting a slight sexual dimorphism

consisting of a patch of setae on IV-Leg-2 and a large extension of IV-Leg-3,

bearing a peg-like seta (fig. 317); female has a distal projection on IV-Leg-2 but

has only two or three setae in area where male has a patch of them; female also

with a short distal extension of IV-Leg-3 bearing a short peg-like seta.

Type Species: Tryssaturus spinipes Hopkins.

Discussion: All other species previously assigned to Tryssaturus have been

placed in other genera, leaving only one species.

03. Tryssaturus spinipes Hopkins

(Figs. 314-319, 573)

Tryssaturus sbinibes Hopkins, 1967. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 10: 36.

Male: Eye and integumental pigmentation well developed; dorsal shield 373

um=395um in length, 265um-293um in width; anteromedial plate bearing the

postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia; one pair of

glandularia located on free sclerites; posteromedial plate with two pairs of gland-

ularia; male dorsal shield with the same characteristic reticulate ornamenta-

tion shown for the female (fig. 573); ventral shield 44lum-479um in length, 273

4m-304um in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae placed

anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs; projections associated with insertions

of fourth legs appearing somewhat pointed in ventral view and with a few long

setae on lateral edges; posterior margins of fourth coxae placed at right angles

to long axis of body; fourth coxae located in anterior half of body and far removed

from the genital field; genital field nearly terminal; gonopore small, oval and

placed near posterior end of body; many genital acetabula present; figure 316

shows the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 24um-=29um;

72 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

P-II, 49um-53um; P-III, 22um-24um; P-IV, 62um-69um; P-V, 26um-28um;

structure of palp as illustrated for female; capitulum 794um-83um in length; the

chelicera 1044m-110um in length; structure of capitulum and chelicera much as

shown for the related genus (fig. 303); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of

the first leg: I-Leg-4, 65um-72um; I-Leg-5, 69um-76um; I-Leg-6, 69um-79

4m; dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 162um; IV-Leg-

2 (to tip of distal projection) 10um-118um; IV-Leg-3 (to tip of distal projection)

128um-l3lum; IV-Leg-4, 764m-79um; IV-Leg-5, 72um-79uUm;3 IV-Leg-6, 72um-

79um; IV-Leg=-2 with a long distal projection and a patch of thickened setae me-

dially; IV-Leg-3 with a well developed distal projection which bears a short,

thickened seta; figure 317 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the fourth leg.

Female: Dorsum as described for the male (fig. 573); dorsal shield 350um-

4104m in length, 258um-304um in width; ventral shield 4llum-479um in length,

27444m-3044m in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae are

placed anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs; projections associated with the

insertions of fourth legs appearing pointed in ventral view; posterior margins of

fourth coxae directed slightly anteromedially; fourth coxae located in anterior

half of body and far removed from genital field; genital field subterminal; gono-

pore much longer than wide; many genital acetabula present; figure 318 shows

the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 25um-28um; P-

Il, 50um-55um; P-I, 26um-28um; P-IV, 60um-69um; P-V, 27um-3lum;

figure 319 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 69um-

794m in length; chelicera 100um-1l14um in length; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 62um-64um; I-Leg-5, 64um-7lum; I-Leg-

6, 67um-76um; figure 315 shows these segments.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 4 &, 2 2, from a stream on Rt 6, just

north of Makatote Viaduct between Raetiki and National Park, Nov. 2, 1982;

SOUTH ISLAND: 2 2, Whangamoa River on Rt 6, 3 km northeast of Whangamoa

Saddle, Nov. 6, 1982; 9 o, 112, Whale Creek on Rt 6, west of Murchison, Nov.

7, 1982; 19, Irongate Stream on Rt 1, 24 km north of Kaikouri, Nov. 21, 1982;

1 o, Wakapuaka River on Rt 6, on western edge of Hira State Forest, Nov. 23,

1982.

Discussion: The characters given in the generic key are sufficient to diag-

nose members of both sexes of the present species. The type locality of the

species is a stream in the Tararua Mountains of southern North Island but Hop=-

kins also collected it in the Egmont area.

Genus NEOTRYSSATURUS Cook

Neotryssaturus Cook, 1974. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst., 21: 355.

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets with one pair of glandularia; a pair of glandularia on small sclerites (glandu-

laria 2) located between medial corners of anterolateral and posterolateral plate-

lets and lateral edges of posteromedial plate; posteromedial plate with two pairs

of glandularia; glandularia not on large tubercles; dorsal sclerites with low pa-

pillae (figs. 574, 575); coxae confined to anterior half of body; posterior mar-

gins of fourth coxae extending more or less at right angles to long axis of body

(figs. 320, 324); glands of the fourth coxae of normal size and placed well pos-

terior to suture lines between third and fourth coxae; coxal slots absent, legs

not laterally compressed; P-II without ventral papillae; P-IV of nearly uniform

height along entire length and with a small but thickened terminal seta medially;

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 13

IV -Leg-1 tending to be somewhat lengthened but not to the degree found in the

genus Tryssaturus; males with a distinct cauda which is very narrow at base and

then widens abruptly at posterion end (figs. 320, 336); male fourth leg exhibiting

slight (fig. 327) to pronounced (fig. 322) sexual dimorphism.

Type Species: Neotryssaturus inusitatus (Hopkins)

Discussion: The present genus exhibits a number of similarities with neers

aturus. These include an almost identical morphology of the mouthparts and the

coxal region. Neotryssaturus differs in its strong sexual dimorphism of the

male body, a different dimorphism of the male fourth leg, and different ornamen-

tation of the dorsal sclerites,

54. Neotryssaturus inusitatus (Hopkins)

(Figs. 320-325, 328, 329, 574)

Tryssaturus inusitatus Hopkins, 1967. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 10: 41.

Tryssaturus (Neotryssaturus) inusitatus Cook, 1974. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst.,

21: 355.

Male: Eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 380um-394yum in length,

334um-357um in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia on small

humps; one pair of glandularia present on anterolateral platelets; one pair of

glandularia on small sclerites which lie free in the integument; two pairs of

elandularia on posteromedial plate; dorsal glandularia lying on very small humps;

sclerites of dorsum with numerous very small papillae and scattered larger pa-

pillae similar to those shown for the female (fig. 574); ventral shield 516um-532

um in length, 388um-395y4m in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the

fourth coxae lying anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs; projections associ-

ated with insertions of fourth legs appearing pointed in ventral view and witha

few long lateral setae; genital field located on a well developed cauda; cauda is

widest (1974m-206um) near posterior end and narrowest at base; several pairs

of acetabula located laterally on ventral side of cauda; gonopore nearly terminal

and noticeably longer than wide; numerous setae present along lateral edges of

cauda, these setae best seen in lateral view (fig. 325); posterior suture lines of

fourth coxae placed at right angles to long axis of body; fourth coxae located in

anterior half of body and far removed from genital field; figure 320 illustrates

the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 35um-36um; P-II,

69um-70uUm; P-III, 3lum; P-IV, 93um-95um; P-V, 34um-35um; structure of

palp as shown for female; capitulum 110um in length; chelicera 148um-152um in

length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 90um-97

um; I-Leg=5, 103um-104um; I-Leg-6, 9lum-934um; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 156um; IV-Leg-2, 93um-97uUm; IV-Leg-

3, 62um-72um; I-Leg=4, 176uUm-190um; I-Leg-5, 162um; I-Leg-6, 92um-96um;

structure of fourth leg better illustrated (fig. 322) than described; figure 321

shows a Slightly different view of IV-Leg-5 and 6.

Female: Dorsum as described for male (fig. 574); dorsal shield 380um=395

4m in length, 3344m-357um in width; ventral shield 449um-494um in length,

346um-373u"m in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae lo-

cated anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs; projections associated with in-

sertions of fourth legs appearing pointed in ventral view and with three pairs of

setae on lateral margins; posterior margins of fourth coxae directed somewhat

anteromedially; fourth coxae located in anterior half of ventral shield and far re-

74 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

moved from genital field; genital field subterminal and distinctly set off from the

rest of the ventral shield (fig. 324); gonopore much longer than wide; many pairs

of genital acetabula present; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 36um-

374m; P-II, 66um-68um; P-I, 28um-3lum; P-IV, 83um-87um; P-V, 34um-

35um; figure 323 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum

1044m-110um in length; chelicera 138um-149uUm in length; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, Tlum-76uUm; I-Leg-5, 80Um-87uUm;

I-Leg-6, 80um-87um; figure 328 shows these segments.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 1%, 2 2, from Waikohatu Stream on

Rt 12 (in the Kauri Forest), Waipoua State Forest, May 29, 1981; 1°, same area

as preceding collection on Oct. 24, 1982; 192, Orauhora Stream on Rt 30, between

Barryville and Benneydale, June 6, 1981; 12, same area as preceding collection

on Oct. 31, 1982.

Discussion: The distinctive cauda of the male will distinguish that sex of the

present species from all other notoaturins except the following species. See re-

marks under the latter. The female of the present species bears a superficial

resemblance to that of Tryssaturus spinipes, but the body of the present species

is more shouldered anteriorly and the genital field is more projecting (compare

figures 318, 324). The ornamentation of the dorsal shield is completely different

(compare figures 573, 574). See remarks under the following species for char-

acteristics separating females of the two species in the present genus.

55. Neotryssaturus pallidus, new species

(Figs, 326, 327, 330-334, 336, 575)

Male: Integumental pigment absent but eyes well developed; dorsal shield

2744m in length, 297um in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia on

small humps; one pair of glandularia on anterolateral platelets; one pair of gland-

ularia located on small sclerites which lie free in the integument; two pairs of

glandularia on the posteromedial plate; all glandularia of dorsal shield somewhat

raised; integument of dorsum lacking the larger papillae characteristic of the

previous species; ventral shield 395um in length, 304um in width; anterior cox-

ae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae placed slightly anteromedial to inser-

tions of fourth legs; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs appear-

ing pointed in ventral view and with several long setae on lateral margins; geni-

tal field located on a well developed cauda; cauda widest (145um) at posterior end

and narrowest at base of cauda; several pairs of acetabula present on ventral

side of cauda; gonopore small and more or less terminal; numerous long setae

on lateral margins of cauda, these best seen in lateral view (fig. 331); figures

332 and 336 show the morphology of the cauda; posterior suture lines of fourth

coxae placed at right angles to long axis of body; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 27um; P-II, 53um; P-II, 24um; P-IV, 69um; P-V, 3lum; struc-

ture of palp as shown for female; capitulum 85um in length; chelicera 110um in

length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 60um; I-

Leg=-5, 624m; I-Leg=-6, 694m; dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg:

IV-Leg-l, l07um; IV-Leg-2, 67um; IV-Leg-3, 69um; IV-Leg-4, 83um; IV-Leg-

5, 93um; IV-Leg-6, 974m; fourth leg not as highly modified as in the previous

species, its structure better illustrated (fig. 327) than described.

Female: Structure of dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 334um

(330um-334uUm) in length, 3044um in width; ornamentation of dorsal shield con-

sisting of small papillae of more or less uniform size (fig. 575); ventral shield

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 715

395um in length, 3l2um (312um-319uUm) in width; anterior coxae projecting; the

glands of the fourth coxae placed anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs; pro-

jections associated with insertions of fourth legs appearing pointed in ventral

view and with three long setae on lateral margins; posterior suture lines of the

fourth coxae placed at right angles to long axis of body; genital field subterminal

and set off into what could be termed a short cauda (fig. 333); gonopore large;

several pairs of genital acetabula present; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 28um (27um); P-II, 53um (5lum-52um); P-III, 24um (24um-25um); P-

IV, 67um (65um-69"m); P-V, 3lum (32um); figure 330 shows the proportions

and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 86um (85um-86um) in length; chelicera

1074m (107um-lllum) in length; figure 334 shows a lateral view the the capitu-

lum and chelicera; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-

4, 53um (55um-57um); I-Leg-5, 59um (58um-6lum); I-Leg-6, 62um (62um-

644m); figure 326 shows these segments.

Holotype: Adult o, from a tributary of the Tahakopa River on Tahakopa Rd,

> km from Waikawa Valley Rd, South Island, Nov. 12, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 2 2, Pourakino River at Pourakino Picnic Grounds in Longwood

State Forest, on Harrington Rd south of Otautau, South Island, Nov. 13, 1982.

Discussions: The differences in morphology of the male body in the two spe-

cies are numerous and are best compared by examining the illustrations (figs.

320, 336) and (figs. 329, 332). The fourth leg of the present species is less

modified, with IV-Leg-4 not greatly lengthened and IV-Leg-5 not expanded at

distal end. In females of the present species, the genital field is more distinctly

set off from body and the first coxae do not extend as far beyond the body (com-

pare figures 324, 333) Also, there are no enlarged, scattered papillae on the

dorsal shield of the present species (compare figures 574, 575).

Genus PSEUDOTRYSSATURUS, new genus

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets bearing one pair of glandularia; a pair of glandularia on small sclerites be-

tween medial corners of anterolateral and posterolateral platelets and lateral

edges of posteromedial plate; posteromedial plate bearing two pairs of glandu-

laria; ornamentation of dorsal sclerites variable, they may be papillate, lined,

reticulate or ornamentation may be nearly absent; a cauda absent, although the

genital field area tends to be distinctly set off from remainder of ventral shield;

with rare exceptions, an anterior pair of pore plates occupying a common con-

cavity (fig. 603); coxae confined to anterior half of body; posterior suture lines

of fourth coxae usually not evident but, if developed, they extend more or less

at right angles to long axis of body; glands of the fourth coxae placed near the

suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated with inser-

tions of fourth legs appearing somewhat pointed in ventral view and with a few

setae laterally; coxal slots absent, legs not laterally compressed; P-II witha

few small ventral papillae; P-IV of nearly same height along entire length and

with a small but thickened terminal seta on medial side; I-Leg-1 only moderately

elongated and with only a few setae; male fourth leg exhibiting a slight to moder-

ate sexual dimorphism consisting of greater expansion of the leg segments and

distal projections on certain segments; the leg setae do not exhibit sexual di-

morphism.

Type Species: Pseudotryssaturus indentatus (Hopkins).

Discussion: Pseudotryssaturus shows a number of characteristics also pres-

76 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

ent in Tvyssaturus and Neotryssaturus. These include a rather similar mor-

phology of the coxal region, dorsal shield and mouthparts. There is also a ten-

dency for the genital field region to be set off from the remainder of the body

but only in Neotryssaturus is there a well developed cauda in the male. One dif-

ference found only in Pseudotryssaturus is the type of male sexual dimorphism

of the fourth leg. In the present genus, this dimorphism is confined to propor-

tions of the segments and the setae are unmodified. Another difference is the

tendency for a pair of pore plates on each side to share a common concavity

(acetabulum). It must be referred to as a tendency as, although there are usu-

ally a complete pair of these unusual acetabula on each side, there may occa-

sionally be the double set of pore plates on only one side or rarely none of the

acetabula are double.

KEY TO THE NEW ZEALAND

SPECIES OF PSEUDOTRYSSATURUS

1, Ornamentation of the posteromedial plate of the dorsal shield con-

sisting of distinct longitudinal lines (figs. 580, 583) or exhibiting

varying degrees of loss of any surface ornamentation (figs. 581,

582); a pair of small but distinct apophyses near posteromedial

suture lines between third and fourth coxae; males with a some-

what curved extension of IV-Leg-4 and, to a lesser degree, IV-

Lieo= (fis 360) sane ess ca Ee ; eave eel ess Pedr eae

Ornamentation of the poster oiiedial plate conbiat ines of boutiered |

papillae (fig. 584) or reticulations not arranged into distinct longi-

tuninal lines (figs. 585-587); no apophyses present near postero-

medial suture lines between third and fourth coxae; with little or

no development of curved extensions on IV-Leg-=3 and 4 ........0.00.% o 4

2. Both anteromedial and posteromedial plates of dorsum unlined (fig.

581); body very narrow (figs. 382, 383) and eye pigment reduced

Pseudotryssaturus planus, new species ..(p. 79)

Either only anteromedial plate lined (fig. 582) or both anteromedial

and posteromedial plates lined (figs. 580, 583); << h stage il

wider (figs. 367, 375); eye pigment well developed. er eee re

3. Larger species (males 578um-668um in length, females 47lum-

623m in length); both anteromedial and posteromedial plates lined;

integumental pigment present; segments of male fourth leg rela-

tively long and IV-Leg-6 only slightly expanded distally (fig. 372)

Pseudotryssaturus indentatus (Hopkins) . .(p. 77)

Smaller species (males 50lum-562um in length, females 464um-

532um in length); posteromedial plate may lack lines; no integu-

mental pigment present; segments of male fourth leg relatively

short and stocky, with IV-Leg-6 expanded distally (fig. 369)

Pseudotryssaturus anchistus, new species ..(p. 78)

4. Ornamentation of the posteromedial plate of the dorsum in the form

of distinct papillae rather than reticulations (fig. 584)

Pseudotryssaturus papillidermis, new species .(p. 81)

Ornamentation of the posteromedial plate appearing as reticula-

tions rather than papillae (fies.):585-587) ssi ea vig duels » eee Ves ean

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 17

0. Female gonopore very small, its length less than one-third width

of genital field (fig. 408); male ventral shield narrowed medially

and with a patch of several short, thickened setae on each side

posterior to epimeroglandularia 2 (fig. 401)

Pseudotryssaturus dapsilus, new species ...(p. 84)

Female gonopore larger, its length at least one-half width of the

genital field (figs. 392, 398); male ventral shield not narrowed

medially and with no thickened setae near epimeroglandularia 2...... 6

6. Posterior suture lines of fourth coxae tending to be well developed

in female (and often in male) (fig. 392); female gonopore very large,

its length approximately that of capitular bay; anteromedial plate

with integumental pigmentation in both sexes; male genital field

with a slight indentation posteromedially (fig. 388)

Pseudotryssaturus dictydermis, new species .(p. 81)

Posterior suture lines of fourth coxae mostly obliterated in both

sexes (figs. 398, 400); female gonopore large but its length less

than length of capitular bay; no integumental pigmentation; male

genital field roundly pointed posteriorly (fig. 400)

Pseudotryssaturus acutus, new species .. (p. 83)

06. Pseudotryssaturus indentatus (Hopkins)

(Figs. 362-365, 367, 372, 580, 603)

Tryssaturus indentatus Hopkins, 1967. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand 10: 38.

Male: Eye and integumental pigmentation well developed; dorsal shield 456

um-932um in length, 319um-395um in width; anteromedial plate bearing the

postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia; one pair of

glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the integument; posteromedial plate

with two pairs of glandularia; dorsal shield with numerous interconnected small

papillae which are arranged in definite longitudinal lines on the posteromedial

plate but more reticulate on other sclerites; this ornamentation shown in figure

367 but better indicated in the photograph of the female dorsal shield (fig. 580);

ventral shield 5784m-668um in length, 342um-410uUm in width; anterior coxae

projecting; glands of the fourth coxae shifted to a position close to the suture

lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of

fourth legs bluntly pointed in ventral view and bearing several setae; posterior

margins of fourth coxae obliterated except for an area immediately medial to the

insertions of the fourth legs; small apophyses present medial to glands of fourth

coxae; genital field set off from remainder of body; a ridge on each side extend-

ing far anterior to the genital field (fig. 363); gonopore somewhat angular and

nearly terminal; genital acetabula numerous; one pair of anterior acetabula with

doubled pore plates; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 3lum-35um;

P-II, 624m-67um; P-I, 3lum-344um; P-IV, 79um-90um; P-V, 27um-3lum;

palp as shown for the female; capitulum 93um-100um in length; chelicera 138

4m-1494um in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-

4, 87um-100um; I-Leg-5, 83um-97um; I-Leg-6, 93um-l00uUm; dorsal lengths

of the segments of the fourth leg (those of segments 2, 3 and 4 to distal end of

distal projections): IV-Leg-1, 12lum-145um; IV-Leg-2, 114um-124um; IV-Leg-

3, 93um-97um; IV-Leg-4, 12lum-l4lum; IV-Leg-5, 86um-100um; IV-Leg-6,

794m-86um; IV-Leg-6 not greatly expanded distally; figure 372 shows the pro-

portions and chaetotaxy of the fourth leg.

78 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 380um-50lum in

length, 273um-380um in width; figure 580 shows the characteristic ornamenta-

tion of dorsal shield; ventral shield 47lum-623um in length, 2894m-=395um in

width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae near suture lines be-

tween third and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs

bluntly pointed in ventral view and bearing a few setae; posterior suture lines

of fourth coxae obliterated; small apophyses present somewhat posteromedial to

elands of fourth coxae; gonopore subterminal and longer than wide; genital ace-

tabula numerous and with a tendency for an anterior pair to have double pore

plates; figure 365 shows the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-=I, 24um-3lum; P-II, 55um-68um; P-III, 26um-36um; P-IV, 72um-86um;

P-V, 24um-27um; figure 362 shows the structure of the palp; capitulum 87um-

104m in length; chelicera 128um-148um in length; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 62um-86um; I-Leg-5, 67um-79uUm; I-Leg-

6, 76Um-86um; figure 364 shows these segments.

Material Examined: Over 1400 specimens of this species were taken. It was

present in nearly two-thirds of the collections and was present throughout both

North and South Islands. Because it is to be expected nearly everywhere, no

Specific localities are given.

Discussion: There is a large size variation, especially among females but,

since there are all size gradations, even within a single population, it seems

very probable they all belong to a single species.

57. Pseudotryssaturus anchistus, new species

(Figs. 366, 368-371, 373-376, 582, 583)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment slighly reduced; dorsal

shield 422um (4l0um-456um) in length, 273um (258um-297uUm) in width; antero-

medial plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of

slandularia; a pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the integument;

posteromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia; striations of dorsal shield are

variable; anteromedial plate typically with well developed striations (fig. 376)

but posteromedial plate varying from no striations to completely covered with

striations; this ornamentation best seen in the photographs of the female dorsal

shield (figs. 582, 583); ventral shield 532um (50lum=562um) in length, 288um

(274um-304um) in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae

located near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated

with insertions of fourth legs bluntly pointed in ventral view and bearing several

setae; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae obliterated; small apophyses pres-

ent somewhat posteromedial to glands of fourth coxae; genital field set off from

remainder of body; a ridge on either side extending anteriorly from the genital

field (but not nearly as far anteriorly as in indentatus); gonopore somewhat angu-

lar and more or less terminal; genital acetabula numerous; one anteromedially

located pair of acetabula with doubled pore plates; figure 368 shows a postero-

ventral view of the genital field; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 27

um (27um-34um); P-L, 62um (60um-62um); P-III, 27um (27um-3lum); P-IV,

78um (764um-83um); P-V, 28um (27um-3lum); palp similar to that of the fe-

male; capitulum 90um (86um-93um) in length; chelicera 13lum (118um-138um)

in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 83um

(76um-90um); I-Leg=-5, 93um (87um-96um); I-Leg-6, 104um (93um-107yum);

dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg (those of segments 2, 3 and 4 to

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 19

distal end of distal projections): IV-Leg-1, 104um (93um-ll4um); IV-Leg-2, 93

wm (86um-93m); IV-Leg-3, 83um (83um-90um); IV-Leg-4, lllum (107um-

121lum); IV-Leg-5, 86um (80um-93um); IV-Leg-6, 834m (764m-83um); leg seg-

Seog comparatively stocky, with IV-Leg-6 noticeably expanded distally (fig.

369). ;

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 425um (388um-440

zm) in length, 278m (2584m-297um) in width; figures 582 and 583 show the

variation in ornamentation of the dorsal shield; ventral shield 509um (468um-

9324m) in length, 288um (258um-297um) in width; anterior coxae projecting;

glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines between third and fourth cox-

ae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs bluntly pointed when they

are viewed ventrally and bearing a few setae; posterior suture lines of fourth

coxae obliterated; small apophyses present somewhat posteromedial to glands of

fourth coxae; gonopore subterminal and longer than wide; genital acetabula nu-

merous; with a tendency to have a pair of anterior acetabula with doubled pore

plates; figure 366 shows a posteroventral view of genital field; dorsal lengths of

the palpal segments: P-I, 29um (264m-3lum); P-II, 59um (54um-62um); P-II,

27um (26um-3lum); P-IV, 72um (69um-794m); P-V, 28um (264m-3lum); fig-

ure 371 illustrates the palp; capitulum 884m (80um-90um) in length; chelicera

131um (117um-13444m) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 744m (664m-76um); I-Leg=-5, 79um (72um-79um); I-Leg-6, 89

um (80um-93um); figure 370 illustrates these segments.

Holotype: Adult o', from Adamson Creek on Rt 6, between Lake Ianthe and

Wanganui, South Island, Nov. 9, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 1 o, from Four Mile River on Rt. 6, between

Charleston and Tiromoana, Nov. 8, 1982; 4 o, 8 2, same data as holotype; 12 ¢,

7 ¢, Potters Creek on Rt 6, between Bruce Bay and Lake Paringa (north of

Haast), Nov. 10, 1982;19, Cole Creek on Rt 6, between Lake Moeraki and Haast,

Nov. 10, 1982; 19, from Boyd Creek on Rt 94, 76 km south of Milford Sound,

Nov. 14, 1982; 1¢, Pariwhakaoho River on Rt 60, 14 km northwest of Takaka,

Nov. 24, 1982.

Discussion: The present species is most closely related to the following

species, both of which differ most noticeably from the preceding species, P.

indentatus, in lacking integumental pigmentation and in having the male IV -Leg=

6 greatly expanded distally.

58. Pseudotryssaturus planus, new species

(Figs. 377-380, 382, 383, 581)

Male: Integumental pigmentation absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield

410um (4104m-441um) in leneth, 243um (243 um-273um) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with a pair of elandularia;

one pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the integument; postero-

medial plate with two pairs of glandularia; both anteromedial and posteromedial

plates without longitudinal striations (fig. 377); ventral shield 502um (516um-

9554m) in length, 25lum (258um-=273um) in width; anterior coxae broader and

less projecting than in the previous species; glands of the fourth coxae placed

near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; small apophyses present pos-

teromedial to these glands; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs

blunt and bearing two setae on lateral margins; posterior suture lines of fourth

80 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

coxae obliterated; genital field slightly set off from remainder of body; short

ridges on each side extending anteriorly from genital field; gonopore somewhat

angular and more or less terminal; genital acetabula numerous; one pair of an-

teriorly located acetabula typically with doubled pore plates; figure 383 illus-

trates the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 26um (27

um-3lum); P-II, 59um (57um-65um); P-Hl, 3lum (28um-3lum); P-IV, 72um

(69um-72um); P-V, 27um (26um-27uUm); palp similar to that illustrated for the

female; capitulum 86um (794Um-86um) in length, chelicera 128um (ll4um-124

44m) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 79

um (79um-86um); I-Leg-5, 86um (864um-90"Um); I-Leg-6, 97um (90Um-93umM);

dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg (those of segments 2, 3 and 4 to

distal end of distal projection): IV-Leg-1, 93um (l00um-107um); IV-Leg-2, 76

um (83um-86um); IV-Leg=3, 80um (834m-90uUm); IV-Leg=4, 934m (103uUm-107

iam); IV-Leg-5, 85um (83um-87um); IV-Leg-6, 834m (69um-80um); figure

380 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the fourth leg.

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 380um (380um-403

um) in length, 258um (243um-258um) in width; figure 581 illustrates the orna-

mentation of the dorsal sclerites; ventral shield 47lum (456um-=50lum) in length,

243um (243um-266um) in width; anterior coxae wider and less projecting than

in the previous species; glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines be-

tween third and fourth coxae; small apophyses present posteromedial to these

glands; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs bluntly pointed in

ventral view and bearing two setae on each lateral margin; posterior suture lines

of fourth coxae obliterated; gonopore subterminal and somewhat longer than wide;

genital acetabula numerous, with a tendency for an anteromedial pair to have

doubled pore plates; figure 382 shows the morphology of the ventral shield; dor-

sal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 27um (27um-28um); P-II, 584m (52um-

564m); P-L, 3lum (27um-29um); P-IV, Tlum (67um-69um); P-V, 27um (27

um-28um); figure 379 shows the structure of the palp; capitulum 8lum (8lum-

83um) in length, chelicera 124um (114um-124um) in length; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 67um (69um-70um); I-Leg-5, 69um

(72um-76um); I-Leg-6, 76um (834m); figure 378 shows these segments.

Holotype: Adult 3, from Te Whaiau Stream at junction of Rt 47 and Rotoaria

Rd, North Island, June 5, 1981. |

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 ¢, from stream at Opato Bridge in ''Gorge"

southeast of Opotiki, June 3, 1981; 2 2, same data as holotype; 1¢, Torere River

at Torere, on Rt 35 north of Opotiki, Oct. 28, 1982; 19, stream at Owhiritoa

Bridge on Rt 2, in the "Gorge"' south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 2 ¢, stream at

Omaukoro Bridge on Rt 2, in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 1, from

a stream at Gerrards Bridge on Rt 2, in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982;

SOUTH ISLAND: 2 2, from a tributary of Wakamarina River 7 km southeast of

Canvastown (off Rt 6), Nov. 5, 1982;19, from a tributary of Whangamoa River

slightly west of Rai Saddle (at Collins Valley Picnic Grounds), Nov. 6, 1982;

1%, 19, Kaituna River on Rt 6, 5 km south of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982.

Discussion: This species is most closely related to the preceding, P. an-

chistus. Both are interstitial species with the integumental pigment absent and

IV-Leg-6 of the male fourth leg expanded distally (figs. 369, 380). Differences

between the two species include broader anterior coxae and a proportionally nar-

rower body in the present species and both anteromedial and posteromedia! plates

lack striations in planus. Based on present knowledge of distributions, P. planus

is confined to North Island and the extreme northern portion of South Island. P.

anchistus has been only collected farther south on South Island.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 81

09. Pseudotryssaturus papillidermis, new species

(Figs. 381, 384, 385, 387, 389, 390, 584)

Male: Integumental pigmentation absent, eye pigment developed; dorsal

shield 460um (456um) in length, 384m (365um) in width; anteromedial plate

bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia; a

pair of small glandularia sclerites lying free in the integument; posteromedial

plate with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of the dorsum consisting of

scattered papillae which do not form distinct reticulations (fig. 584); ventral

shield 608um (592um) in length, 395um (380um) in width; anterior coxae pro-

jecting; glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines between third and the

fourth coxae; no apophyses (typical of the previous three species) present poste-

romedial to these glands; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs

somewhat truncate; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae obliterated; genital

field distinctly set off from remainder of body; gonopore oval and subterminal];

genital field with a distinct medial indentation posteriorly; genital acetabula

numerous; One pair of anterior acetabula typically with doubled pore plates; fig-

ure 390 shows the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 26

um (3lum); P-II, 60um (654m); P-III, 29um (28um); P-IV, 80um (88um); P-V,

30um (3lum); palp as shown for the female; dorsal lengths of the segments of

the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1l, 117um (13lum); IV-Leg-2, 93um (90um); IV-Leg-3,

86um (90um); IV-Leg-4, 89um (934m); IV-Leg-5, 86um; IV-Leg-6, 86um (87

um); fourth leg relatively unmodified and without the distal projections found in

males of the previous species; figure 381 shows the structure of the fourth leg.

Female: Dorsum as described for male (fig. 584); dorsal shield 464um (426

um-456um) in length, 380um (354um-388um) in width; ventral shield 60lum

(550um-608um) in length, 384um (365um=399uUm) in width; ventral shield, ex-

cept for genital field region, as described for male; gonopore subterminal and

longer than wide; genital acetabula numerous; an anteromedial pair of acetabula

typically with doubled pore plates; figure 385 illustrates the ventral shield; dor-

sal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 3lum (28um-29um); P-II, 65um (60um-

624m); P-III, 29um (27um-29um); P-IV, 8lum (76um-83um); P-V, 3lum (28

um-30um); figure 389 shows the structure of the palp; capitulum 90um (87um-

9lum) in length; chelicera 13lum (1284m-1354m) in length; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 76um (72um-79um); I-Leg=-5, 794m

(744um-79um); I-Leg-6, 83um (83 um-86um); figure 387 illustrates these seg-

ments.

Holotype: Adult o*, from the Pariwhakaoho River on Rt 60, 14 km northwest

of Takaka, South Island, Nov. 24, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 1%, Potters Creek on Rt 6, between Bruce Bay

and Lake Paringa (north of Haast), Nov. 10, 1982; 2 , same data as holotype.

Discussion: The papillate dorsal ornamentation is diagnostic for the pres-=

ent species.

60. Pseudotryssaturus dictydermis, new species

(Figs. 386, 388, 391-393, 395, 587)

Male: Both integumental and eye pigmentation developed; dorsal shield 425

um (395um-4254m) in length, 300um (282um-304yum) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandu-

82 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

laria; a pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the integument; pos-

teromedial plate bearing two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of the dorsal

shield consisting of a closely set pattern of reticulations (figs. 386, 587); ven-

tral shield 517um (490um-532um) in length, 312um (2894um-319um) in width;

anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines

between third and fourth coxae; no apophyses present posteromedial to these

glands; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs roundly pointed in

ventral view; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae well indicated; genital field

distinctly set off from remainder of body; gonopore oval and subterminal; geni-

tal field with a slight median indentation posteriorly; genital acetabula numerous,

with one pair of acetabula typicaly with doubled pore plates; figure 388 illustrates

the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 28um (26um-28

um); P-II, 65um (59um-66um); P-ID, 27um (27uUm-29um); P-IV, 8lum (78um-

80um); P-V, 25um (26u4m-27uUm); palp as shown for the female; capitulum 79

um (79u4m-86um) in length; chelicera 126um (124um-13lum) in length; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 79um (76um-80um);

I-Leg-5, 79um (76um-79uUm); I-Leg-6, 87um (89uUm-90"UmM); dorsal lengths of

the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, 97um (90um-100um); IV-Leg-2, 794m

(69um-83um); IV-Leg-3, 72um (66um=76um); WV-Leg-4, 76um (76uUm-83 um);

IV-Leg=-5, 76um (72um-79um); IV-Leg-6, 86um (834m-89um); fourth leg rela-

tively unmodified; figure 395 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the fourth

leg.

Female: Dorsum as described for male; figure 587 illustrates the ornamen-

tation of the dorsum; dorsal shield 44lum (426um-470um) in length, 334um

(334um-350um) in width; ventral shield 532um (517um-562um) in length, 338

um (338um-364uUm) in width; ventral shield, except for genital field region, as

described for the male; gonopore proportionally very large and is subterminal;

genital acetabula numerous with one anterior pair often doubled, but not in the

individual illustrated (fig. 392); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 27

um (27um-28um); P-II, 67um (62um-7lum); P-III, 28um (27um-29um); P-IV,

83um (8lum-85um); P-V, 27um (26uUm-27um); figure 391 shows the proportions

and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 90um (83um-93um) in length, chelicera

142um (14lum-145um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 72um (72um-76um); I-Leg-5, 76um (72um-76um); I-Leg-6, 78

um (80um-86um); figure 393 illustrates these segments.

Holotype: Adult o, MacLennan River at bridge on Aurora Creek Rd (Catlin

State Forest area) between Puketiro and Rt 92, South Island, Nov. 12, 1982.

Allotype: Adult $, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 7 o, 26 2, same data as holotype; 10>, 1¢, from

a tributary of the Tahakopa River on Tahakopa Rd, 5 km from Waikawa Valley

Rd, Nov. 12, 1982; 10, 39, Pourakino River at Pourakino Picnic Grounds (in

Longwood State Forest), on Harrington Rd south of Otautau, Nov. 13, 1982; 3 G,

42, from a small stream on Rt 94 west of Mossburn, Nov. 13, 1982; 4 2, from

Flaxy Creek near the Manapouri fork off Rt 94, Nov. 138, 1982.

Discussion: The present species, the preceding species, and the following

species, form a group of closely related mites characterized by little or no

sexual dimorphism of the male fourth leg, lack of apophyses on the ventral shield

and a non-lined integumental ornamentation. In addition to characters given in

the key to separate these three species, the present taxon is the only one with

an integumental color pattern. All members of this species group are apparent-

ly confined to South Island and the present species has the most extreme south-

ern range.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 83

61. Pseudotryssaturus acutus, new species

(Figs. 394, 396-400, 586)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment developed; dorsal shield

4264m (395um-456um) in length, 342um (308um-380uUm) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with a pair of glandularia;

one pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the integument; postero-

medial plate with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield con-

sisting of low papillae which are united to form a reticulate network as shown

for the female (fig. 586); ventral shield 5774m (536um-653um) in length, 365

zm (3124m-410um) in width; anterior coxae projection; glands of the fourth cox-

ae placed near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; no apophyses present

posteromedial to these glands; projections associated with openings for insertion

of fourth legs relatively broad and truncate; posterior suture lines of fourth cox-

ae obliterated; genital field distinctly set off from remainder of body; gonopore

small, longer than wide, and subterminal; no median indentation at posterior énd

of body (fig. 400); genital acetabula numerous, one pair of acetabula tending to

have doubled pore plates; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,3lum (31

zm-35um); P-II, 664m (624m-69um); P-III, 28um (26um-34um); P-IV, 79um

(764m-85u4m); P-V, 29um (26um-28um); palp as shown for the female; capitu-

lum 104um (904m-1074m) in length; chelicera 138m (135um-160um) in length;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 864m (83um-87

uum); I-Leg-5, 904m (86um-90um); I-Leg-6, 934m; dorsal lengths of the seg-

ments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, 100um (97um-Illlum); IV-Leg-2, 76um (72

um-93um); IV-Leg-3, 7T9um (744m-76um); IV-Leg-4, 86um (8lum-93um);

IV-Leg-5, 83um (794m-85um); IV-Leg-6, 90um (86um); fourth leg relatively

unmodified; figure 394 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the fourth leg.

Female: Dorsum as described for male (fig. 586); dorsal shield 440um

(410um-502um) in leneth, 364um (3194m-395um) in width; ventral shield 562

4m (532um-63lum) in length, 365um-410um) in width; ventral shield, except

for genital field region, as described for male; gonopore relatively large and

subterminal; genital acetabula numerous; anterior pair of acetabula typically

with a double pore plate; figure 398 shows the structure of the ventral shield;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 29um (27um-34um); P-II, 664m

(62um-6944m); P-II, 30um (28um-32um); P-IV, 83um (764um-86um); P-V,

28um (244um-28um); figure 397 shows the structure of the palp; capitulum 100

zm (934m-104um) in length, chelicera 145m (142um-155um) in length; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 78um (72um-8lum); I-

Leg-5, 83um (76um-8lum); I-Leg-6, 93um (79um-90um); figure 399 illustrates

these segments.

Holotype: Adult o7, from Adamson Creek on Rt 6, between Lake Ianthe and

Wanganui, South Island, Nov. 9, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 1c’, from a tributary of the Motupiko River on .

Rt 6, between Korere and Glenhope, Nov. 7, 1982; 3 o, Whale Creek on Rt 6,

west of Murchison, Nov. 7, 1982; 1, Kararoa Creek on Rt. 6, between Barry-

town and Nine Mile Village, Nov. 8, 1982; 2 o, 8 2, same data as holotype; 7 <%,

9¢, Potters Creek on Rt 6, between Bruce Bay and Lake Paringa (north of

Haast), Nov. 10, 1982; 10, tributary of Motupiko River on Rt 6, between Korere

and Glenhope, Nov. 25, 1982; 5 o, 3 9, Hope River on Rt 6, between Glenhope

and Kawatiri, Nov. 25, 1982.

84 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

62. Pseudotryssaturus dapsilus, new species

(Figs. 401-404, 406, 408, 585)

Male: Eye pigment well developed; integumental pigment typically well de-

veloped to produce darkly colored individuals, but this pigment exhibiting vari-

ous degrees of lightening to produce nearly colorless individuals; dorsal shield

532um (486um-562um) in length, 319um (289um-334"m) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandu-

laria; a pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the integument; pcs-

teromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield

consists of closely set reticulations as shown for the female (fig. 585); ventral

shield 654um (623um-714um) in length, 364um (327uUm-403um) in width; an-

terior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines be-

tween third and fourth coxae; no apophyses located posteromedial to these glands;

central area of ventral shield decidedly concave; projections associated with the

insertions of fourth legs extending lateral to edges of ventral shield; with nume-

rous setae on and anterior to these projections; posterior suture lines of fourth

coxae obliterated; two groups of short, thickened setae present posterior to the

epimeroglandularia 2; genital field distinctly set off from remainder of body;

gonopore small and appearing nearly circular in ventral view; a median notch

present posterior to genital field; genital acetabula numerous, with an anterior

pair tending to have doubled pore plates; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments:

P-I, 3lum (28um-34um); P-II, 73um (72um-83um); P-III, 26um (24um-29um);

P-IV, 85um (83um-94um); P-V, 294m (27um-3lum); palp as shown for the fe-

male; capitulum 100um (93um-104y4m) in length; chelicera 159um (1454m-166

um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 88

um (93um-98um); I-Leg-5, 904m (93um-104um); I-Leg-6, 100um (104um); dor-

sal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, 14lum (13lum-155um);

IV-Leg-2, 12lum (124um-145um); IV-Leg-3, 934m (90um-100um); IV-Leg-4,

128um (1214m-142um); IV-Leg-5, 93um (94um-100um); IV-Leg-6, 76um (77um-

83um); figure 404 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the fourth leg.

Female: Dorsum as described for male, but with even a greater tendency

for the color to be light; dorsal shield 460um (464um-540um) in length, 349um

(3344m-395um) in width; dorsal shield as described for male; figure 585 shows

the integumental ornamentation and color pattern of one of the darker specimens;

ventral shield 552um (5624m-6841m) in length, 334um (334um-395um) in width;

anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines

between third and fourth coxae; no apophyses present posteromedial to these

glands; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs bluntly pointed, with

several setae on and somewhat anterior to these projections; posterior suture

lines of fourth coxae obliterated; genital field distinctly set off from rest of body;

gonopore relatively small and oval; a medial notch present at posterior end;

genital acetabula numerous, with an anterior pair tending to be double; figure

408 shows the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 284m

(3lum-34um); P-II, 69um (694m-83um); P-II, 24um (24um-29m); P-IV, 80

um (78um-90um); P-V, 28um (29um-3lum); figure 406 shows the proportions

and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 904m (92um-Illlum) in length; chelicera

155um (155um-179um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 76um (73um-83um); I-Leg-5, 78um (76um-80uUm); I-Leg-6, 83

um (794m-89um); figure 402 shows these segments.

Holotype: Adult o, White Rock River (southwest of Timaru), where Cliffs

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 85

Rd branches off Pareora-Cave Rd, South Island, Nov. 18, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 12, Waima River on Rt 12, 7 km west of Ta-

heke, May 30, 1981; 9 o7, 3 2, stream at Twin Bridges, near Nukutawhiti, May

30, 1981; 10 o, 52, stream at Sandy's Bridge on Rt 2, between Opotiki and Gis-

borne, June 3, 1981; 3 o, 2 2, stream at Opato Bridge, 67 km southeast of Opo-

tiki, June 3, 1981; 6 o, 8 2, Mangamuka River on Rt 1 (northeast of town), approx

3 km north of forest reserve, Oct. 19, 1982; 19, Pohue Stream at Waiomu (in

the Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 26, 1982; 130, 12 2, Tapu River, 1 km east of

Tapu (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982;10, 19, tributary of Waiwawa

River at AA Rest Stop, 3km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct, 27,

1982; 6 o, 8 9, Boom Stream on Rt 25, between Hakaai and Whangamata, Oct.

27, 1982; 8%, 13 2, Torere River at Torere, on Rt 35 north of Opotiki, Oct. 28,

1982; 2 o, 1 2, stream 1 km north of Tohere (east of Opotiki on Rt 35), Oct. 29,

1982; 63 o, 184 2, stream at Owhiritoa Bridge, on Rt 2 in "Gorge'' south of Opo-

tiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 24 3, 472, stream at Omaukoro Bridge, on Rt 2 in "Gorge"

south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 101 %, 196 2, stream at Opato Bridge area (at

rest stop) on Rt 2 in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 79 o, 81¢, from

stream at Sandy's Bridge, on Rt 2 in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982;

35 o, 28 2, stream at Gerrards Bridge, on Rt 2 in "Gorge" south of Opotiki,

Oct. 29, 1982; 4 \, Mangatepopo Stream on Rt 47, between National Park and

Rotoaira Rd cutoff (southwest of Lake Taupo), Nov. 3, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND:

5 o&, 45 9, Opouri River between Carluke and Opouri Valley on Tennyson Inlet

Rd, Nov. 6, 1982; 8%, 172, Graham Stream on Rt 6, at picnic grounds 8 km

northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 6, 1982; 11 ¢, 39 2, tributary of the Motu-

piko River, on Rt 6 between Korere and Glenhope, Nov. 7, 1982; 15 o, 13 ¢, Shag

River near its headwaters, on Rt 85, 2 km west of Pigroot Summit (Central

Otego), Nov. 16, 1982; 33 7, 712, same data as holotype; 93 o, 101 2, Rocky

Gully Stream on Rt 8, between Cave and Fairlie (west of Timaru), Nov. 18, 1982;

24 o%, 60 2, Oaro River at Oaro, on Rt 1 approx 20 km south of Kaikoura, Nov.

19, 1982; 12 o, 15 2, Irongate Stream on Rt 1, 24 km north of Kaikoura, Nov. 21,

1982; 29 o%, 512, Kaituna River on Rt 6, 5 km south of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982;

128 o, 180 2, Whangamoa River on Rt 6, approx 5 km northeast of Whangamoa

Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982.

Genus EVIDATURUS, new genus

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets with one pair of glandularia; typically, glandularia 2 are completely absent,

but in one individual (fig. 338), there is a small, free glandularia sclerite on

one side; posteromedial plate bearing two pairs of glandularia; integument very

rugose; a tripartite ridge present near posterior end of posteromedial plate;

this ridge loops around the posterior glandularia and extends posteriorly near

the midline (figs. 576, 577); first three pairs of coxae projecting; capitular bay

a narrow V-shape; posterior margins of fourth coxae extending anteromedially;

glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines between third and fourth cox-

ae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs well developed and trun-

cate; excretory pore on a large terminal tubercle; P-II without ventral papillae;

P-IV bulging ventrally; no sexual dimorphism of the legs.

Type Species: Evidaturus exilis, new species

Discussion: The loss of the "free" glandularia (or the tendency to lose it,

Since it is present on one side in one individual) is without doubt a derived con-

dition. The present genus shares no major characteristics with other New Zea-

land Notoaturins and I am uncertain of its relationships to the other genera.

86 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol 21, no. 2, 1983

63. Evidaturus exilis, new species

(Figs. 335, 337, 338, 340, 342, 576, 577)

Male: Integumental pigmentation absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield

266m in length, 243um in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia;

anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia; the pair of glandularia which

generally lie free in the integument (glandularia 2) have disappeared; postero-

medial plate with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield similar

to that shown for the female (figs. 576, 577); ventral shield 410um in length, 297

44m in width; anterior coxae projecting and bluntly pointed; capitular bay V-shaped

but rounded posteriorly; glandularia of the fourth coxae located near suture lines

between third and fourth coxae and well anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs;

projections associated with insertions of fourth legs truncate; a pair of glandu-

laria (epimeroglandularia 2) located posteromedial to these projections; gonopore

small, oval and subterminal; a few genital acetabula present on each side; ex-

cretory pore on a large terminal tubercle; figure 337 shows the morphology of

the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 154m; P-II, 43um;

P-I0, 22um; P-IV, 60um; P-V, 28um; structure of palp as illustrated for the

female; capitulum 784m in length; chelicera 93um in length; dorsal lengths of

the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 624m; I-Leg-5, 70um; I-Leg-6,

644m; dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 76um; IV-Leg-

3, 694m; IV-Leg-4, 72um; IV-Leg-5, 86um; IV-Leg-6, 79um; fourth leg un-

modified (fig. 340).

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 3154um (226um-338um)

in length, 266um (243u4m-288um) in width; in one specimen, glandularia 2 is

present ona small sclerite on one side (fig. 338); ventral shield 403um (380um-

441m) in length, 282um (266um-293um) in width; except for genital field re-

gion, ventral shield as described for male; gonopore small for a female and sub-

terminal; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 17um (154m-18u4m); P-II,

43um (45um-46um); P-II, 20um (194m-2lum); P-IV, 59um (55um-56um); P-

V, 29um (24um-29um)3 ventral side of P-IV bowed and with its ventral setae

located in proximal half of segment (fig. 335); capitulum 79um (79um-85um) in

length; chelicera 934m (901m-93yum) in length; structure of capitulum and che-

licera as illustrated for the related species (fig. 339); dorsal lengths of the dis-

tal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 57um (50um-59um); I-Leg-5, 64um (55

um-65um); I-Leg-6, 57um (48um-60um); structure of first leg much as shown

for the related species (fig. 346); fourth leg similar to that illustrated for the

male but heavy setae on IV-Leg-3 are not as thickened.

Holotype: Adult o, from a tributary of the Whangamoa River at Collins

Valley Picnic Grounds, on Rt 6 just west of Rai Saddle, South Island, Nov. 22,

1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same area as holotype on Nov. 6, 1982.

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 2 ?, from a tributary of the Wakamarina River

7 km southeast of Canvastown (off Rt 6), Nov. 5, 1982; 19, Four Mile River on

Rt 6, between Charleston and Tiromoana, Nov. 8, 1982.

Discussion: See remarks under the following species for characteristics

which will separate these two known members of the genus.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 87

64. Evidaturus scopticus, new species

(Figs. 339, 341, 343, 344, 346-348)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 258

4m in length, 243m in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia; an-

terolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia; the glandularia typically lying

free in the integument (glandularia 2) have disappeared completely; posteromedial

plate bearing two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield as shown

for the related species (figs. 576, 577); ventral shield 380um in length, 266um

in width; anterior coxae projecting far forward and relatively sharp-pointed; the

capitular bay sharply V-shaped; glandularia of the fourth coxae placed very near

suture line between third and fourth coxae and well anteromedial to insertions

of fourth legs; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs truncate and

relatively wide; a pair of glandularia (epimeroglandularia 2) placed posterome=

dial to these projections; gonopore very small, oval and subterminal; a few geni-

tal acetabula present on each side; excretory pore located on a moderately de-

veloped terminal tubercle; figure 348 shows the structure of the ventral shield;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 15um; P-II, 42um; P-II, 19um; P-

IV, 464m; P-V, 27um; structure of palp as illustrated for female; capitulum

764m in length; chelicera 9lum in length; figure 339 shows a lateral view of the

capitulum and chelicera; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-4, 50um; I-Leg-5, 57um; I-Leg-6, 52um; dorsal lengths of the segments

of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-2, 76um; IV-Leg-3, 65um; IV-Leg-4, 64um; IV-Leg-

5, 76um; IV-Leg-6, 624m; fourth leg relatively unmodified (fig. 347).

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 273um in length, 254

44m in width; ventral shield 4034um in length, 273um in width; except for genital

field area, ventral shield as described for male; gonopore small for a female,

oval and subterminal (fig. 344); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 17

4m; P-IT, 40um; P-III, 17um; P-IV, 48um; P-V, 27um; P-IV bowed ventrally;

one of the ventral setae of P-IV located near middle, the second is inserted in

distal half of segment; figure 341 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the

palp; capitulum 76um in length; chelicera 86uUm in length; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg=4, 524m; I-Leg-5, 594m; I-Leg-6, 52

um; figure 346 shows these segments; fourth leg similar to that of male.

Holotype: Adult 3", from gravel deposits in a stream on Wainui Rd, 5 km

west of Mahinepua Rd, northern North Island, Oct. 22, 1982.

Aliotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Discussion: The present species is closely related to the preceding species

but has longer and more sharply pointed anterior coxae and the capitular bay is

a sharp V-shape (compare figures 342 and 344). Also, the ventral bulge and

ventral setae of P-IV are in the proximal half of segment in exilis (compare

figures 335 and 341). Too few specimens are presently known to make any de-

finitive statements concerning species ranges, but presently scoplicus is known

only from the very northern portion of North Island and exilis has only been

taken on South Island.

88 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Genus PIOTATURUS, new genus

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets with one pair of glandularia; a pair of glandularia sclerites (glandularia 2)

between medial corners of anterolateral and posterolateral platelets and lateral

edges of posteromedial plate; posteromedial plate bearing two pairs of glandu-

laria; dorsal sclerites papillate and with noticeable ridges (figs. 578, 579); an-

terodorsal portion of ventral shield produced into a broad hood which is mode-

rately projecting and indented medially in one species (fig. 350), scarcely pro-

jecting and slightly pointed in another (fig. 360); intercoxal slots well developed;

projections associated with insertions of fourth legs more or less rounded; a

pair of glandularia located well medial or anteromedial to insertions of fourth

legs; posterior end of ventral shield and genital field highly modified in the male

(fig. 350), with a large posterior cavity; males with a pronounced sexual di-

morphism of the fourth leg (in the one species in which that sex is known); legs

exhibiting some lateral compression but IV-Leg=3 relatively unmodified and IV-

Leg=2 not especially enlarged; however, second segment of anterior legs is no-

ticeably lengthened; capitulum with an anchoral process; P-II with ventral cu-

ticular projections; P-IV bulging ventrally. ,

Type Species: Piotaturus alvecaudatus, new species

Discussion: The present genus seems most closely related to Omegaturus.

It shares with this genus the intercoxal slots (fig. 349) and a similar develop-

ment of a dorsal hood (at least in the type species), both of which seem to be

apomorphic for the New Zealand notoaturins. The structure of the palp in Pot-

aturus is such that a simple lengthening of the palpal segments would produce

the condition found in Omegaturus. IV-Leg-3 of the present genus is not modi-

fied as in the related genus but one can see a tendency in this direction in the

third segment of the anterior three pairs of legs. Present evidence seems to

indicate Piotaturus belongs on the evolutionary line which culminates in Plan-

aturus and Taintaturus.

65. Piotaturus alvecaudatus, new species

(Figs. 345, 349-355, 358, 578)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 410

um (418um-449um) in length, 44lum (433um-47lum) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing the postocularia on small tubercles; anterolateral platelets with

a pair of glandularia; a pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the

integument; posteromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia; anterior end of

ventral shield produced into a wide, medially indented hood (fig. 350); ornamen-

tation of dorsal shield as shown for the female (fig. 578); ventral shield 703um

(692um-775um) in length, 502um (506um-540um) in width; anterior coxae are

broad and somewhat pointed; glandularia of fourth coxae placed near the suture

lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of

fourth legs wide and rounded; posterior end of body highly modified; posterior

suture lines of fourth coxae extending far anteromedially; epimeroglandularia

2 shifted well anteromedial to insertions of fourth legs; posterior end with a

deep median cleft; gonopore hidden in ventral view by an anteriorly directed flap

(fig. 353); many pairs of genital acetabula present; posterior end of ventral shield

with an extremely large concavity; figures 349 and 350 indicate dorsal and ven-

tral aspects of the ventral shield; excretory pore dorsal, slightly posterior to

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 89

posterior end of ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 36

um (35um-36um); P-L, 86um (86um-88um); P-III, 4lum (40um-43um); P-IV,

87um (86um-93um); P-V, 624m (6lum-62um); structure of palp as shown for

the female; capitulum 152um (145um-154um) in length; chelicera 13lum (12lum-

142um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4,

72um (70um-76um); I-Leg-5, 964m (92um-97uUm); I-Leg-6, 92um (87um-93

um); dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, lllum (lllum-

118um); IV-Leg-2, 155um (14lum-162um); IV-Leg=3, 1184m (113um-133um); IV-

Leg-4, 192um (178um-207um); IV-Leg-5 (to tip of distal projection) 296um

(266um-3llum); IV-Leg-6, 152um (155um-177um); greatest height of IV-Leg-

5, 125um; sexual dimorphism of fourth leg better illustrated (fig. 354) than des-

cribed.

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 510um (532um-=<577

‘44m) in length, 460um (464um-516uUm) in width; dorsal shield proportionally

longer, otherwise as described for male; figure 578 shows the ornamentation

of the dorsal shield; ventral shield 668um (684um-744um) in length, 517um

(517um-547um) in width; anterior coxae somewhat projecting; glandularia of the

fourth coxae placed near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; median

margins of fourth coxae reduced nearly to median angles; projections associ-

ated with insertions of fourth legs wide and relatively rounded; genital field re-

gion distinctly set off from remainder of body; gonopore subterminal and very

large; several genital acetabula on each side; figure 358 shows the structure of

the ventral shield; excretory pore dorsal in position; dorsal lengths of the pal-

pal segments: P-I, 34um (34um-35um); P-II, 83um (8lum-86um); P-III, 41um

(40um-42um); P-IV, 83um (864um-90"Um); P-V, 62um (59um-6lum); ventral

side of P-II with several small sharp-pointed cuticular projections; figure 351

illustrates the structure of the palp; capitulum 145um (142um-162um) in length;

chelicera 135um (128um-135um) in length; figure 355 shows the proportions of

the capitulum and chelicera; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 69um (64um-69um); I-Leg-5, 83um (83um-86um); I-Leg-6, 79

um (79um-83um); figure 352 shows these segments; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 128um (126um-144um); IV-Leg-5, 133um

(129um-148um); IV-Leg-6, 103um (l00Uum-lllum); greatest height of IV-Leg-4,

8lum (67um-73m); distal segments of fourth leg relatively high and somewhat

laterally compressed.

Holotype: Adult o*, from a tributary of the Motupiko River on Rt 6, between

Korere and Glenhope, South Island, Nov. 25, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 2, stream at Sandy's Bridge on Rt 2, in the

"Gorge" south of Opotiki, June 3, 1981; 19, tributary of the Waiwawa River at

AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982;

12, stream at Owhiritoa Bridge, on Rt 2 in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29,

1982; 13, 12, stream at Sandy's Bridge, on Rt 2 in "Gorge" south of Opotiki,

Oct. 29, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 1 $, Opouri River between Carluke and Opouri

Valley on Tennyson Inlet Rd, Nov. 6, 1982; 2 o, tributary of the Motupiko River,

on Rt 6, between Korere and Glenhope, Nov. 7, 1982; 3 $, Graham Stream on

Rt 6, at picnic grounds 8 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982;

3 a, 12, same data as holotype.

Discussion: The sexual dimorphism of the male body and fourth leg is unique.

See remarks under the following species for characters separating the females

of these two species of Piotaturus.

90 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

66. Piotaturus bovalus, new species

(Figs. 356, 357, 359-361, 579)

Female: Both integumental and eye pigment absent; dorsal shield 456um

(452um-47lum) in length, 372um (3654um-380um) in width; anterodorsal plate

bearing the postocularia on small tubercles; anterolateral platelets with one pair

of glandularia; a pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the integu-

ment; posteromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia; no pronounced develop~

ment of a hood on anterior end of ventral shield as in the related species; the

ridges on dorsal shield indicated in figure 360 and also in figure 579, the latter

also showing surface ornamentation; ventral shield 577um (577um-612um) in

length, 388um (395um-422um) in width; anterior coxae broad and roundly point-

ed; glandularia of the fourth coxae located near suture lines between third and

fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs wide and are

rounded; genital field not distinctly set off from remainder of ventral shield;

gonopore ventral; several genital acetabula present on each side; excretory pore

located on a well developed terminal tubercle (fig. 361); dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 28um (27um-3lum); P-II, 664m (64um-66um); P-II,

3lum (3lum-32um); P-IV, 8lum (79um-85um); P-V, 4lum (394m-4lum); ven-

tral side of P-II with well developed spine-like cuticular projections (fig. 359);

capitulum 13lum (128um-135um) in length; chelicera 12lum (U4um-l2lum) in

length; structure of capitulum and chelicera similar to that shown for the re-

lated species (fig. 355); dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-4, 55um (52um-55um); I-Leg-5, 66um (664m-68um); I-Leg-6, 67um

(64um-69um); figure 357 illustrates these segments; dorsal lengths of the dis-

tal segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-4, 93um (85um-9lum); IV-Leg-5, 964m

(89um-96um); IV-Leg-6, 8lum (8lum-89um); greatest height of IV-Leg-4, 41

um (44um); these segments expanded (fig. 356) but not as much as in the pre-

vious species.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 2, Irongate Stream on Rt 1, 24 km north of Kaikoura, South

Island, Nov. 21, 1982.

Paratypes: 6 2, same data as holotype.

Discussion: Unfortunately, the male of the present species is unknown but

it is expected that it will show some degree of sexual dimorphism of the body

and legs. Females of the present species differ from females of alvecaudatus

in the ventral position of the gonopore, indistinct separation of the genital field

region from rest of body and terminal position of excretory pore. The cuticular

projections on the ventral side of P-II are also much longer in the present spe-

cies.

Genus PARATRYSSATURUS Imamura

Paratryssaturus Imamura, 1979. Jour. Speleol. Soc. Japan, 4: 27.

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets with one pair of glandularia; a pair of glandularia (glandularia 2) located on

small sclerites placed between medial corners of anterolateral and posterolate-

ral platelets and lateral edges of posteromedian plate; posteromedian plate with

two pairs of glandularia; glandularia not on tubercles; anterodorsal portion of the

ventral shield with a long, somewhat pointed medial projection which extends

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 9]

nearly as far forward as dorsal portion of camerostome (fig. 412); anterior three

pairs of coxae projecting; coxae confined to anterior half of body; posterior mar-

gins of fourth coxae extending at right angles to long axis of body; glands of the

fourth coxae placed near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; coxal slots

absent; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs truncate and not

bearing setae; genital field may be somewhat set off from remainder of ventral

shield but no cauda present; gonopore ventral and well forward in both sexes; ven-

tral papillae located on P-II, P-IV somewhat flattened ventrally and widened in

a lateral to medial direction; IV-Leg-6 ending in a somewhat thickened seta on

medial surface; males with a characteristic sexual dimorphism of the fourth leg

in which IV-Leg-5 is expanded distally and bears three thickened setae; IV-Leg-

4 also bears three thickened setae.

Type Species: Paratryssaturus minutus (Hopkins).

KEY TO THE NEW ZEALAND

SPECIES OF PARATRYSSATURUS

1. Dorsal shield with conspicuous papillae (figs. 588, 590) .....oesesroee 4

Dorsal shield without papillae (fig. 589)

Paratryssaturus zodelus, new species .. (p. 94)

2. Genital field area tending to be distinctly set off from remainder

of ventral shield (figs. 409, 410); posteromedial plate and postero-

lateral platelets noticeably darker than the others; IV-Leg-5 of

male expanding abruptly in distal half of segment (fig. 407)

Paratryssaturus cantermus, new species .....(p. 91)

Genital field area tending to be indistinctly set off from remainder

of ventral shield (figs. 414, 416); integumental pigment completely

absent; IV-Leg-5 of male gradually expanding, beginning in prox-

imal half of segment (fig. 411)

Paratryssaturus minutus (Hopkins) .....(p. 93)

67. Paratryssaturus cantermus, new species

(Figs. 405, 407, 409, 410, 412, 413, 590)

Male: Integumental pigmentation present (posteromedial plate and postero-

lateral platelets darker) and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 3274m

319um-342uUm) in length, 243um (212um-247um) in width; anteromedial plate

bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia;

a pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the integument; postero-

medial plate with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield con-

sisting of papillae joined into a reticulate background (fig. 590); ventral shield

440um (440um=456um) in length, 25lum (232um-258um) in width; anterior cox-

ae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines between third

and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs relatively

wide and truncate; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae evident; genital field

distinctly set off from rest of body; gonopore very small and ventral in position;

several genital acetabula on each side near posterior end of ventral shield; ex-

cretory pore subterminal; figure 410 shows the structure of the ventral shield;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 17um (15um-l7um); P-II, 38um (36

um=39um); P-II, 17um (17um-18um); P-IV, 45um (44um-46um); P-V, 24um

92 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

(2lum-24um); palp as shown for the female; capitulum 83um (734um-831m) in

length, chelicera 110um (104um-114um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 52um (50um-52um); I-Leg-5, 54um (50um-

564m); I-Leg-6, 58um (58um-65um); dorsal lengths of the segments of the

fourth leg. (measurements to distal end of distal projection on IV-Leg-2): IV-Leg-

1, 58um (55um-57um); IV-Leg-2, 83um (8lum-83ym); IV-Leg-3, 52um (52um-

55um); IV-Leg-4, 64um (62um-66um); IV-Leg-5, 634m (654m-66um); IV-Leg-

6, 48um (48um-50um); projection of IV-Leg-2 sharp-pointed and projecting far

beyond insertion of IV-Leg-3; proximal portion of IV-Leg-5 narrow for quite a

distance before abruptly expanding (fig. 407).

Female: Morphology, color and ornamentation of dorsal shield as described

for male; dorsal shield 3194um (315um-349um) in length, 243u4m (232um-273um)

in width; figure 590 shows the ornamentation of the dorsal shield; ventral shield

421um (418um-479uUm) in length, 258um (243um-277um) in width; female ven-

tral shield proportionally wider but, except for genital field region, similar to

that described for male; gonopore relatively small and located well anterior to

posterior end; several pairs of acetabula near posterior end of genital field; ex-

cretory pore subterminal (fig. 409); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,

1l6um (l5um-18um); P-II, 384m (37um-4lum); P-III, 16um (l6um-17um); P-IV,

45um (43um-46um); P-V, 20um (20Um-2lum); figure 405 shows the propor-

tions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 83um (83um-88m) in length; che-

licera 112um (110u-114um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

first leg: I-Leg-4, 45um (44um-50um); I-Leg-5, 52um (48um-49um); I-Leg-

6, 55um (52um-58um); figure 413 illustrates these segments; IV-Leg-2 witha

projection which extends well beyond insertion of IV-Leg-=3.

Holotype: Adult 0, from a tributary of the Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop,

3 km west of Coroglaen (Coromandel Peninsula), North Island, Oct. 27, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 9, stream on Wainui Rd, 5 km west of Ma-

hinepua Rd, Oct. 22, 1982; 3 o, 4 2, same data as holotype; 1 o, 19, Manga-

mawhete Stream on Rt 3, between Inglewood and Stratford (Egmont area), Nov.

1, 1982; 1 %, Mangatokiiti Stream on Opunake Rd, 10 km west of Stratford (Eg-

mont area), Nov. 1, 1982; 3 o, 3 2, headwaters of Whangamata Stream, 10 km

northwest of Taupo, Nov. 3, 1982; 192, Otupoto Stream on Rt 32, west of Lake

Taupo, Nov. 3, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 2 o, tributary of Wakamarina River 7 km

southeast of Canvastown (off Rt 6), Nov. 5, 1982; 2 o, 12, Opouri River between

Carluke and Opouri Valley on Tennyson Inlet Rd, Nov. 6, 1982; 19, tributary of

Whangamoa River slightly west of Rai Saddle (at Collins Valley Picnic Grounds),

Nov. 6, 1982; 2 2, Little Hope River on Rt 6, at bridge slightly southwest of the

Hope Saddle (near Glenhope), Nov. 7, 1982; 4 o%, 72, Four Mile River on Rt 6,

between Charleston and Tiromoana, Nov. 8, 1982; 2 o, 12, Adamson Creek on

Rt 6, between Lake Ianthe and Wanganui, Nov. 9, 1982; 1 ¢, Cole Creek on Rt 6,

between Lake Moeraki and Haast, Nov. 10, 1982; 2 o, 11 2, Shag River near its

headwaters, on Rt 85, 2 km west of Pigroot Summit, Nov. 16, 1982; 5 3, 3 9,

small creek on Rt 6, approx 10 km west of Havelock (northern North Island),

Nov. 22, 1982; 2 0%, 12, tributary of Whangamoa River on Rt 6, just west of Rai

Saddle (at Collins Valley Picnic Grounds), Nov. 22, 1982; 2 o, 12, Whangamoa

River on Rt 6, approx 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982; 3 9,

tributary of Waitapu River at Paynes Ford, 3 km south of Takaka, Nov. 24,

1982; 2 o, 12, Pariwhakaoho River on Rt 60, 14 km northwest of Takaka, Nov.

24, 1982.

Discussion: The combination of pigmented posteromedial plate and postero-

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 93

lateral platelets, plus the subterminal position of the excretory pore and pro-

nounced projection on IV-Leg-2, will separate both sexes of the present species

from other members of the genus. The male fourth leg, with IV-Leg-5 narrow

in much of the proximal portion and then abruptly widening, is also diagnostic.

68. Paratryssaturus minutus (Hopkins)

(Figs. 4ll, 414-418, 588)

Tryssaturus minutus Hopkins, 1969. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, ll: 92.

Tryssaturus (Paratryssaturus) minutus Imamura, 1979. Jour. Speleol. Soc.

Japan, 4: 28.

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment only slightly reduced; dor-

Sal shield 3844m-429um in length, 228um-2584m in width; anteromedial plate

bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia; one

pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the integument; posteromedial

plate with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield consisting of

papillae joined into a reticulate pattern as shown for the female (fig. 588); ven-

tral shield 3844m-430um in length, 228u4m-258um in width; anterior coxae pro-

jecting; glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines between third and

fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs relatively wide

and truncate; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae evident; genital field indi-

stinctly set off from remainder of body; gonopore very small and ventral in po-

sition; several genital acetabula on each side near posterior end of genital field;

excretory pore terminal; figure 414 shows the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of

the palpal segments: P-I, 13um-l4um; P-II, 34um-36um; P-III, 15um-l17um;

P-IV, 38um-45um; P-V, 19u4m-2lum; palp as shown for female; capitulum 72

um-76uUm in length; chelicera 93um-104um in length; dorsal lengths of the dis-

tal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 43um-52um; I-Leg-5, 45um-52um; I-

Leg-6, 52um-55um; dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1

45um-=-55um; IV-Leg-2, 59um-69um; IV-Leg=-3, 40um-48um; IV-Leg=-4, 59um-

654m; IV-Leg-5, 664m-76um; IV-Leg-6, 48um-55um; projection on IV-Leg-2

rather short and truncate; IV-Leg-5 gradually expanding along most of length;

height of this segment approximately one-half its length (fig. 411).

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 304um-334um in

length, 243um-258um in width; figure 588 shows the ornamentation of the dor-

sal shield; ventral shield 395um-440um in length, 228um-258um in width; fe-

male ventral shield similar to that of male except female gonopore is larger (fig.

416); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 15um-l7um; P-Il, 36um-42um;

P-III, 14um-19um; P-IV, 4lum-50um; P-V, 2lum-27um; figure 415 shows the

proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 794m-86um in length; chelic-

era 10444m-lllum in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-4, 44um-50um; I-Leg-5, 48um-55um; I-Leg-6, 52um-64um; figure 417

shows these segments; IV-Leg-2 with a short projection as in male.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 1 &, Stream at Opato Bridge on Rt 2,

in the "Gorge" south of Opotiki, June 3, 1981; 1, 3 2, Te Whaiau Stream at the

junction of Rt 47 and Rotoaria Rd, June 5, 1981; 4c, 1 9, stream at Opato Bridge

area, at rest stop on Rt 2 south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 130,19, stream at

Sandy's Bridge on Rt 2, in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; SOUTH IS-

LAND: 6 o, 3 2, tributary of Wakamarina River, 7 km southeast of Canvastown

(off Rt 6), Nov. 5, 1982; 19, Adamson Creek on Rt 6, between Lake Ianthe and

94 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Wanganui, Nov. 9, 1982; 2 o%, 192, Potters Creek on Rt 6, between Bruce Bay

and Lake Paringa (north of Haast), Nov. 10, 1982; 12, Cole Creek on Rt 6, be-

tween Lake Moeraki and Haast, Nov. 10, 1982; ] 2, Dunton Creek on Rt 94, 85

km south of Milford Sound, Nov. 14, 1982: 1o*, 22, Oaro River at Oaro, on Rt

1, approx 20 km south of Kaikoura, Hous 19, 1982; 1 Oo, Mororimu Stream on Rt

ic approx 35 km north of Kaikoura, Nov. 21, 1982: 3 oF, 1¢, Kaituna River on Rt

6, 5 km south of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982;1°, 2 2, Graham Stream on Rt 6 at

picnic grounds, 8 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982; 2 o, from

a tributary of Waitapu River at Paynes Ford, 3 km south of Takaka, Nov. 24,

1982; 4 37, 10 2, Parawhakaoho River on Rt 60, 14 km northwest of Takaka, Nov.

24, 1982,

Discussion: The combination of lack of integumental pigmentation, terminal

excretory pore and characteristic dorsal ornamentation (fig. 588) is diagnostic

for the present species. Imamura (1979) described a related species, P. mori-

motot, from a cave stream near Nelson, South Island, stating it differed from

parvus in having postocularia on the anteromedial plate and a more slender palp

with projections on the ventral side of P-II. However, all notoaturins have the

postocularia on the anteromedial plate and, depending on how the palp is rotated,

the palp will appear thin or thick and the projections on the ventral side of P-II

more or less obvious. Types of these two species should be checked for addi-

tional characters to separate them. |

69. Paratryssaturus zodelus, new species

(Figs, 419-421, 424, 426, 589)

Male: Integumental pigment absent; dorsal shield 312um in leneth, 243um

in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with

a pair of glandularia; one pair of glandularia on small sclerites lying free in the

integument; posteromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of

the dorsal shield consisting of a reticulate pattern but lacking the characteristic

papillae found in the other two species (fig. 589); ventral shield 410um in length,

254um in width; anterior coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae located

near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated with the

insertions of fourth legs relatively wide and truncate; posterior suture lines of

fourth coxae evident; genital field indistinctly set off from remainder of body;

gonopore very small and ventral in position; many acetabula present; excretory

pore terminal; figure 419 shows the morphology of the ventral shield; dorsal

leneths of the palpal segments: P-I, 16um; P-I, 38um; P-III, 19um; P-IV, 48

Um; P-V, 24um; capitulum 72um in length; chelicera 104m in length; figure

424 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of

the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 52um; I-Leg-5, 54um; I-Leg-6,

65um; figure 420 shows these segments; dorsal lengths of the segments of the

fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 484m; IV-Leg-2, 62um; IV-Leg-3, 45um; IV-Leg-4, 69

uum; IV-Leg-5, 72m; IV-Leg-6, 69um; projection on IV-Leg-2 short and very

broad; IV-Leg-5 gradually expanding along most of length; length of this segment

nearly three times its height (fig. 426).

Female: Not known with certainty, but two females taken from sand and

gravel deposits in Staircase Creek where it flows into Lake Wakatipu (on Rt 6,

southeast of Queenstown), South Island have the same surface ornamentation on

the dorsal shield as is found in the male specimen from North Island. Until the

male and female are taken in the same collection, the assignment of these two

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 95

females is tentative and they are not described here.

Holotype: Adult o, from Te Whaiau Stream at junction of Rt 47 and Rotoaria

Rd, North Island, June 5, 1981.

Discussion: The present species differs from the previous two species in its

characteristic dorsal shield ornamentation (compare figure 589 with figures 588

and 590). Also the male IV-Leg=5 is the least expanded in zodelus.

Genus KRITATURUS, new genus

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anterolateral plate-

lets bearing two pairs of glandularia; posteromedial plate with two pairs of gland-

ularia; dorsal sclerites either smooth or with only a slight tendency to form re-

ticulations or ridges, especially on the lateral platelets; first coxae narrow and

projecting well beyond body proper; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae, if

not obliterated, extending more or less at right angles to long axis of body; the

glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines between third and fourth

coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs well developed; cox-

al slots not developed; legs not laterally compressed; small ventral papillae may

or may not be present on P-II; IV-Leg-1 not lengthened; male with or without a

cauda; males of those species with a cauda also exhibiting a sexual dimorphism

of the fourth leg.

Type Species: Kritaturus gennadus, new species.

Discussion: This genus seems very distantly related to the other New Zea-

land notoaturins and, with the exception of the evolutionary line with a well de-

veloped cauda (and extreme modification of the posteromedial plate), exhibiting

few distinctive characteristics. Since we do not yet know what the ancestral

notoaturin was like, it is impossible to be sure, but it seems likely that most

of the characteristics used to define the genus will prove to be plesiomorphic.

The one exception will likely be the fusion of glandularia 2 with the anteromedial

platelets. A similar situation (two pairs of glandularia on the anterolateral

platelets) is also found in Planaturus, but this is certainly a case of convergence.

The group of species in which the male exhibits a strong sexual dimorphism

of the body and fourth legs is so distinctive that I was tempted to place it ina

separate genus. However, females do not show characteristics which will al-

low them to be divided into separate genera. The two groups are, however,

here split into subgenera based on presence or absence of sexual dimorphism.

Subgenus KRITATURUS: Includes those species in which a sexual dimorphism

of the male body and legs is very slight or absent.

Subgenus CAUDATURUS, new subgenus: Includes those species in which the

males possess a cauda, a pronounced modification of the posteromedial plate of

the dorsal shield and the male fourth leg is modified.

Type Species: Kritaturus (Caudaturus) tenonus, new species.

KEY TO THE NEW ZEALAND

SPECIES OF KRITATURUS

Of the nine species assigned to this genus, two are known only from the

female and one only from the male. Also males of species exhibiting a strong

sexual dimorphism of the body (subgenus Caudaturus) are best keyed out using

these characteristics. For these reasons, separate keys are provided for the

two sexes.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

MALES

Body with a well developed cauda and a highly modified postero-

medial plate (figs. 425, 433, 442, 452)... Subgenus Caudaturus ..... 2

Body without a well developed cauda and the posteromedial plate

of the dorsal shield unmodified .......... Subgenus Kritaturus ......5

Palp uncate (fig. 453); IV-Leg-3 extending well beyond insertion of

IV-Leg-4 and bearing a large, somewhat bifurcate seta (fig. 445)

Kritaturus uncipalpis, new species .. (p. 101)

tion of IV -Leg-4 @eoeaeeeeeo*# Cee oee*esgseesegeseeeeeoegeeeeoeeeoeeoeeseeereegqgeeeeeed 3

Posterior end of cauda produced into an upturned projection which

is best seen in lateral view (figs. 432, 440); paired concavities

of posteromedial plate only slightly anterior to this projection;

associated setae of the posterior glandularia of anterolateral

platelets strongly curved (figs. 433, 442) ...cccsesccccessoescesscoe4d

Posterior end of cauda not upturned; paired concavities of postero-

medial plate located much farther forward (fig. 425); setae of the

posterior glandularia of the anterolateral platelets only slightly

COUN VOR ss iad ware wwe catia »».- Kritaturus jacundus, new species ...(p. 97)

Cauda relatively wide (figs. 441, 442); setae of IV-Leg-3 greatly

lengthened and thickened (fig. 444)

Kritaturus tenonus, new species ... (p. 99)

Cauda much narrower (figs. 433, 434); setae of IV-Leg-3 only

slightly lengthened and thickened (fig. 437) :

Kritaturus rucabus, new species ...(p. 100)

Tips of first coxae broad; gonopore long and narrow (fig. 457);

P-IV relatively wide and flattened ventrally, the medial edge

appearing as a ridge in medial view (fig. 461); IV-Leg-1 through

4 with long dorsal setae (fig. 459)

Kritaturus sornus, new species ....(p. 102)

Tips of first coxae more or less pointed; gonopore only slightly

longer than wide; palp not flattened ventrally and without a

medial ridge (fig. 472); none of the segments of the fourth leg

eC TOR Pea SO INRs Fs aculy sie ib Pl a OS ae «ERS SEA EW RO cae o 6

Gonopore more or less triangular, with rows of setae both anterior

and lateral to the gonopore (fig. 480); posterior suture lines of

fourth coxae absent ....... Kritaturus dornarus, new species ..(p. 105)

Gonopore oval, with a few setae anterolateral to opening (fig. 469);

posterior suture lines of fourth coxae evident

Kritaturus gennadus, new species ..(p. 104)

FEMALES

Palp uncate, P-II with a ventral protubrance (fig. 453)

Kritaturus uncipalpis, new species . (p. 101)

Palp not uncate, without a ventral protuberance On P-II ......02-c0008 4

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 97

2. First coxae extending far forward and rounded at tips (figs. 436,

463); ventral side of P-IV somewhat flattened, with edge appear-

ing as a ridge in medial view (figs. 438, 462); the two ventral

setae of P-IV relatively far apart in a lateral to medial direction .....3

Tips of first coxae relatively sharp-pointed (figs. 467, 476, 481);

ventral side of P-IV not flattened, edges not appearing as a ridge

in medial view; the two ventral setae of P-IV relatively close to-

gether in a lateral to medial direction ........ Spero gen rae b iC ein ois, ncaa

3. Anterolateral platelets without ornamentation (figs. 591, 592) ......... 4

Anterolateral platelets exhibiting a somewhat reticulate orna-

mentation (figs. 593, BUG) Girt 6 vl tale (Gee te saleen Bese

4. Posteromedial plate of dorsal shield slightly longer than antero-=

medial plate (fig. 428) .... Kritaturus jacundus, new species ... (p. 97)

Posteromedial plate noticeably shorter than anteromedial plate

(fig. 435). ...0.-cc+ceeeee Kritaturus tenonus, new species ....(p. 99)

5. Anteromedial plate of dorsal shield approximately same length as

posteromedial plate (fig. 448); color of dorsum light and rela-

tively uniform ........... Kritaturus rucabus, new species ... (p. 100)

Anteromedial plate of dorsal shield much shorter than postero-

medial plate; anteromedial plate and anterolateral platelets a

deep purple color, with other sclerites light (fig. 465)

Kritaturus ianthus, new species ....(p. 103)

6. Genital field distinctly set off from remainder of ventral shield;

tips of first coxae sharp-pointed (fig. 467)

Kritaturus gennadus, new species .. (p. 104)

Genital field not distinctly set off from remainder of ventral

shield; tips of first coxae not as pointed (figs. 476, 481) ..c..eeesc000 7

7. P-IV relatively short (fig. 479); integumental pigmentation is a

reddish purple over entire dorsum

Kritaturus vinnulus, new species ...(p. 106)

P-IV relatively long (fig. 475); integumental pigmentation con-

sisting of a small purplish area on anteromedial plate and the

remainder of dorsal shield is colorless

Kritaturus dornarus, new species ..(p. 105)

70. Kritaturus (Caudaturus) jacundus, new species

(Figs. 422, 423, 425, 427-431, 591, 606)

Male: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 243um

(228um-243um) in width; anteromedial plate large and bearing the postocularia;

anterolateral platelets with two pairs of glandularia, the associated setae very

long; posteromedial platelets reduced to small triangular sclerites; postero-

medial plate highly modified, with the two pairs of glandularia difficult to see;

an abruptly angled concavity present in anterior portion of posteromedial plate

(indicated by stippled area in figure 425); a pair of large flap-like lobes extend-

ing posteromedially from edges of concavity, these best seen in lateral view

98 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 2l, no. 2, 1983

(fig. 431); central area posterior to concavity raised into a hump; other modi-

fications of dorsal shield better illustrated (fig. 425) than described; ventral

shield 380um (334um-365um) in length, 258um (236Um-258um) in width; first

coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines between the

third and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs more

or less rounded and directed posterolaterally; posterior end of ventral shield

forming a well developed cauda bearing the genital field; gonopore somewhat tri-

angular, much longer than wide and flanked anteriorly by an isolated pair of ace-

tabula; a hyaline flap partially covering anterior portion of gonopore; a row of

setae on each side anterior to gonopore; many acetabula present; lateral patches

of setae present at base of cauda (figs. 423, 431); dorsal lengths of the palpal

segments: P-I, 20um (17um-18um); P-II, 48um (43um-45um); P-III, 22um

(20um-22um); P-IV, 58um (52um-55um); P-V, 25um (2lum=-24um); structure

of palp similar to that of female; capitulum 86um (834um-86um) in length; che-

licera 90um (93um-96um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

first leg: I-Leg-4, 62um (55um-59um); I-Leg-5, 664m (62um-64um); I-Leg-

6, 76um (69um-74um); dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-

1, 60um (58um-65um); IV-Leg-2, 62um (55um-62um); IV-Leg-3, 67um (60

um-65um); IV-Leg-4, 105um (93um-104um); IV-Leg-5, ll4um (104um-107um);

IV-Leg-6, 104um (97um-l0lum); some of the setae on IV-Leg-2, 3 and 4 modi-

fied, IV-Leg-=4 slightly concave; structure of fourth leg better illustrated (fig.

430) than described.

Female: Integumental pigment and eye pigment developed; dorsal shield

342um (346um-357um) in length, 262um (266um-282um) in width; anteromedi-

al plate approximately same length as posteromedial plate; dorsal sclerites

without much ornamentation, although posterolateral platelets typically with

longitudinal lines (fig. 591); ventral shield 365um (372um-380um) in length,

289um (304uUm-312um) in width; first coxae projecting well forward; glands of

the fourth coxae near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projections

associated with insertions of fourth legs more or less rounded and directed pos-

terolaterally; lateral ridges present in posterior portion of ventral shield (fig.

429); gonopore more or less terminal and flanked by many acetabula; dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 20um (19um-2lum); P-II, 52um (49um-

5lum); P-II, 2lum (22um=-23um); P-IV, 59um (56um-59um); P-V, 25um (26

4m-27um); ventral side of P-IV flattened, the medial edge of this flattened area

appearing as a ridge in medial view (fig. 427); capitulum 86um (864um-90y"m) in

length; chelicera 98um (98um-l100um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 52um (52um-55um); I-Leg-5, 55um (57um-

59um); I-Leg-6, 65um (654um-67um); figure 422 illustrates these segments.

Holotype: Adult oO", Shag River near its headwaters on Rt 85, 2 km west of

Pigroot Summit (Central Otago), South Island, Nov. 16, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 6 &, 56 2, same data as holotype; 1, 7 f,

White Rock River (southwest of Timaru), where Cliffs Rd branches off Pareora

Cave Rd, Nov. 18, 1982; 6 o, 32 2, Rocky Gully Stream on Rt 8, between Cave

and Fairlie (west of Timaru), Nov. 18, 1982.

Discussion: The male has the longest but least modified cauda found in the

four known species of the subgenus Caudaturus. The concavities of the postero-

medial plate begin much farther anterior than in the other species and the as-

sociated hyaline flaps are much longer. These flaps are best seen in lateral

view (fig. 431).

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 99

71. Kritaturus (Caudaturus) tenonus, new species

(Figs. 432-439, 592)

Male: Integumental and eye pigment developed; dorsal shield 282um (274

um-288um) in width; anteromedial plate large and bearing the postocularia; an-

terolateral platelets with two pairs of glandularia and their associated setae very

long; the most posterior of these setae recurved; posterolateral platelets some-

what reduced but not to the degree found in the previous species; posteromedial

plate highly modified, with the two pairs of glandularia difficult to see; paired

concavities present near posterior end of posteromedial plate; a pair of flap-

like lobes extending posteromedially from edges of concavities, these best seen

in lateral view (fig. 432); central area of posterior end of posteromedial plate

raised into a hump which again is best seen in lateral view; other modifications

of the dorsum better illustrated (fig. 433) than described; ventral shield 402um

(410um-418um) in length, 304um (304um-=319uUm) in width; first coxae projecting;

glands of the fourth coxae near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; pro-

jections associated with insertions of fourth legs rounded and directed somewhat

posterolaterally; posterior end of ventral shield forming a short but distinct cau-

da bearing the genital field; gonopore long but somewhat triangular; a hyaline

flap partially covering anterior end of gonopore; a row of setae on each side near

posterior end of gonopore; numerous genital acetabula; lateral patches of setae

on dorsal portion of ventral shield dorsally at base of cauda (figs. 432, 433);

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 23um (23um-25um); P-I, 57um (56

um-62um); P-III, 26um (26um-30um); P-IV, 67um (65um-72um); P-V, 27um

(28um-29um); structure of palp similar to that shown for female; capitulum 90

um (93um-97uUm) in length; chelicera 1l0um (l00Um-114um) in length; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 68um (69uUm-72uUm);

I-Leg-5, 73um (75um-77um); I-Leg-6, 85um (80um-86um); dorsal lengths of

the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, 794m (734m-83um); IV-Leg-2, 794m

(73um=-79um); IV-Leg-3, 83um (80um-86um); IV-Leg=4, 107um (l09um-114

um); IV-Leg-5, 11l2um (112um-118um); IV-Leg-6, lllum (104um-lllum); fourth

leg exhibiting sexual dimorphism, especially noticeable is the curved, thickened

seta on the ventral side of IV-Leg-2 (fig. 437).

Female: Integumental and eye pigment developed; dorsal shield 426um (395

um-426um) in length, 312um (3024m-319um) in width; anteromedial plate much

longer and wider than posteromedial plate; area where anterolateral platelets and

posteromedial plate are in contact is relatively narrow; dorsal sclerites without

much ornamentation (fig. 592); ventral shield 440um (420um-456um) in length,

334um (334um-350um) in width; first coxae projecting; glands of the fourth cox-

ae placed near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated

with insertions of fourth legs rounded and nearly covering the openings; gonopore

more or less terminal and flanked by numerous acetabula (fig. 436); dorsal

lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 24um (22um-25um); P-II, 60um (58um-

6lum); P-I, 29um (27um-3lum); P-IV, 70um (7lum-76um); P-V, 294m (27

um-29um); modification of P-IV as described for preceding species; figure 438

shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 104um (96um-10lum)

in length; chelicera 1l4um (110um-117uUm) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal

segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 60um (59um-63um); I-Leg-5, 694m (64um-

70um); I-Leg-6, 78um (72uUm-=-76um); figure 439 illustrates these segments.

Holotype: Adult o°, Pourakino River at Pourakino Picnic Grounds (in Long-

wood State Forest), on Harrington Rd south of Otautau, South Island, Nov. 13,

100 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

1982.

Allotype: Adult , same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 1 o7, 1 ?, same data as holotype; 8 o, 13, 2, from a stream on

Rt 94, west of Mossburn, South Island, Nov. 13, 1982.

Discussion: The present species is most closely related to the following

species. See remarks under the latter for characteristics distinguishing the

males. The female of the present species may be easily recognized from all

other known members of the genus by its very narrow area of contact between

the anterolateral platelets and posteromedial plate (fig. 435).

72. Kritaturus (Caudaturus) rucabus, new species

(Figs. 440-444, 446-448, 593)

Male: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 236um in

width; anteromedial plate very large and bearing the postocularia; anterolateral

platelets with two pairs of glandularia, the associated setae long and the posterior

pair noticeably curved; posterolateral platelets of moderate size and somewhat

triangular; posteromedial plate highly modified, with the two pairs of glandularia

difficult to see; a pair of abruptly angled concavities present in posterior half

(indicated by stippled areas on figure 442); a pair of small flap-like lobes ex-

tending posteromedially over the concavities; central area of posteromedial plate

posterior to concavities raised into a hump which is best seen in lateral view

(fig. 440); other modifications of dorsal shield better shown (fig. 442) than des-

cribed; ventral shield 342um in length, 266um in width; first coxae projecting

far forward; glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines between third

and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs more or

less rounded and projecting posterolaterally; posterior end of ventral shield

forming a short, wide cauda bearing the genital field; gonopore triangular and

nearly terminal; many genital acetabula present; some setae posterior to gono-

pore are pectinate; prominant glandularia tubercles located at edges of body la-

teral to anterior end of gonopore; numerous setae in patches on posterodorsal

portion of ventral shield, these best seen in lateral or dorsal views (figs. 440,

442); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum; P-II, 54um; P-III, 26

um; P-IV, 694m; P-V, 27um; ventral side of P-IV flattened, the medial edge

appearing as a ridge (fig. 447); capitulum 93um in length; chelicera 100um in

length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 62um;

I-Leg-5, 68um; I-Leg-6, 76um; figure 443 illustrates these segments; dorsal

lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 69um; IV-Leg-2, 67um;

IV-Leg-3, 70um; IV-Leg-4, 114um; IV-Leg=5, 107um; IV-Leg-6, 105um; some

of the setae on IV-Leg-2 and 3 lengthened, thickened and curved; the proportions

and chaetotaxy of the fourth leg better illustrated (fig. 444) than described.

Female: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 319um

(3194-338um) in length, 270um (258um-266uUm) in width; anteromedial plate

approximately same length as posteromedial plate; lateral platelets and anterior

portion of anteromedial plate with a pattern of very small reticulations (fig. 593);

ventral shield 380um (358um-380um) in length, 304um (274um-289um) in width;

first coxae projecting far forward as in male; glands of the fourth coxae placed

near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated with the

insertions of fourth legs more or less rounded and projecting posterolaterally;

gonopore subterminal and flanked by many acetabula; dorsal lengths of the pal-

pal segments: P-I, 23um (22um-25um); P-II, 54um (48um-55um); P-I0, 254m

Cook: Water Mites of New Zeland 101

(26um=28um); P-IV, 69um (67um); P-V, 28um (264um-27um); structure of the

palp as shown for male; capitulum 90um in length; chelicera 107um (104um-107

um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 56

um (55um-59um); I-Leg-5, 6lum (60um-=64um); I-Leg-6, 67um (664m-72um);

first leg similar to that illustrated for the male. |

Holotype: Adult 07, from Orauhora Stream on Rt 30, between Barryville and

Bennydale, North Island, June 6, 1981.

Allotype (?): Adult 2, Stream on Rt. 6 just north of Makatote Viaduct, be-

tween Raetiki and National Park, North Island, Nov. 2, 1982.

Paratypes (?): 2 2, same data as allotype.

Discussion: It is not certain that the male and females are conspecific. How-=

ever, these mites possess first coxae that extend much farther forward than in

any of the males and females of other known species. The male was newly meta-

morphosed and, therefore, a comparison of the dorsal shield ornamentation was

impossible. However, these females were collected in central North Island less

than 100 km from the type locality, well within the probable range of the species.

The male has the shortest and widest cauda of any known species of the sub-

genus. It is most closely related to K. tenonus but the latter has a narrower

cauda and narrower gonopore (compare figures 434, 441) and the modifications

of the setae on the fourth leg are more complex in the present species (compare

figures 437, 444). Females of the two species are easily distinguished by the

comparatively much larger anteromedial plate in tenonus.

73. Kritaturus (Caudaturus) uncipalpis, new species

(Figs, 445, 449-455, 594)

Male: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 186m (167

um-197%um) in width; anteromedial plate large, greatly narrowing posteriorly

and bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with two pairs of glandu-

laria, the associated setae long and the posterior pair noticeably curved; pos-

terolateral platelets reduced to small triangular sclerites; posteromedial plate

highly modified with the two pairs of glandularia difficult to see; a pair of abrupt-

ly angled concavities present in posterior half (indicated by stippled area in fig-

ure 452); a pair of flap-like lobes extending posteromedially over the concavities;

central area of posteromedial plate posterior to concavities raised into a hump

which is best seen in lateral view (fig. 455); other modifications of the dorsal

shield better illustrated (fig. 452) than described; ventral shield 308um (296um-

319m) in length, 209um (186um-224um) in width; first coxae projecting, tips

somewhat outhooked; glands of fourth coxae near suture lines between third and

fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs rounded and

projecting posterolaterally; posterior end of ventral shield forming a cauda bear-

ing the genital field; gonopore triangular, surrounded on the three sides by setae,

and is ventral in position; many genital acetabula present; numerous setae lo-

cated in patches on posterodorsal portion of ventral shield (figs. 452, 455); dor-

sal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 18um (194m-2lum); P-II, 53um (52um-

574m); P-II, 3lum (30um-37um); P-IV, 52um (49um-57um); P-V, 17um (17

um-194um); palp uncate and is as described and illustrated for the female; capitu-

lum Tlum (664um-72uUm) in length; chelicera 744m (694m-79um) in length; dor-

sal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 50um (48um-52um);

I-Leg-5, 54um (53um-58um); I-Leg-6, 63um (62um-724m); dorsal lengths of

the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 48um (4lum-55um); IV-Leg-2, 45um

102 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

(43um-48um); IV-Leg-3 (to tip of distal projection), 72um (59um-72um); IV-

Leg-4, 62um (63um-72um); IV-Leg-5, 734m (76Um=-83um); IV-Leg-6, 76um

(78um~-89um); IV-Leg-3 projecting far beyond insertion of IV-Leg-4 and this pro-

jection bearing a heavy, bifurcate seta; with rare exceptions, the legs in pre-

served specimens are in the position indicated in figure 445, which means this

is the extended position.

Female: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 273 um

(247um-273uUm) in length, 1864m (182um-190um) in width; anteromedial plate

slightly shorter than posteromedial plate; lateral platelets and anterior portion

of anteromedial plate with a pattern of small reticulations (fig. 594); anterolate-

ral platelets with two pairs of glandularia; the posteromedial plate with two pairs

of glandularia; ventral shield 308um (289um-319um) in length, 206um (194um-

217m) in width; first coxae projecting; glands of the fourth coxae placed near

suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated with inser=

tions of fourth legs rounded and projecting posterolaterally; gonopore subtermi-

nal and flanked by many acetabula; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,

20um (18um-224m); P-II, 5lum (50um-52yum); P-I0, 3lum (3lum-36um); P-IV,

52um (50um=54um); P-V, l7um (l6um-19um); P-L with a ventral bump; disto-

ventral portion of P-IV produced to form an uncate palp (fig. 453); capitulum 72

um (69um-=72um) in length; chelicera 764m (794m) in length; dorsal lengths of

the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 4lum (40um-45um); I-Leg-5, 45

um (44um-47um); I-Leg-6, 59um (52um-59um); figure 449 illustrates these

segments.

Holotype: Adult o, from a small cascade in a tributary of the Waiwawa River

at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), North Island,

Oct. 27, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 7, same data as holotype except mite taken in

the tributary stream; 7 o, 32 2, same data as holotype; 1 o, Otupoto Stream on

Rt 32, west of Lake Taupo, Nov. 3, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 12, Whale Creek on

Rt 6, west of Murchison, Nov. 7, 1982; 2 o, 22, Hope River on Rt 6, between

Glenhope and Kawatiri, Nov. 25, 1982.

Discussion: The most striking characteristic of this species is the uncate

palp, an obviously autapomorphic condition. Other members of the subgenus

have an enlarged distoventral setal tubercle on P-IV (fig. 447) and it seems very

likely the uncate condition has resulted from a much greater expansion of this

tubercle. The sexual dimorphism of the male fourth leg, with IV-Leg-3 pos-

sessing a long distal projection bearing a heavy bifurcate seta, is strikingly dif-

ferent from other members of the subgenus.

74, Kritaturus (Kritaturus) sornus, new species

(Figs. 456-461, 595)

Male: Integumental and eye pigment present; dorsal shield 3424m (327um)

in length, 304um (312um) in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia;

anterolateral platelets with two pairs of glandularia; posteromedial plate with

two pairs of glandularia; posteromedial plate nearly square, but slightly wider

than long; figure 595 indicates the dorsal ornamentation; ventral shield 388um

(365um) in length, 319um (327m) in width; first coxae relatively broad, pro-

jecting and round at tips; glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines be-

tween third and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 103

roundly pointed and projecting posteriorly; genital field indistinctly set off from

remainder of ventral shield; gonopore long and narrow, and nearly terminal; the

genital acetabula numerous; these divided into dorsal and ventral groupings by

an area of this integument which can be seen in posterior view (fig. 456); figure

457 shows the structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 25um (23um); P-II, 55um (52um); P-III, 29um (26um); P-IV, 66

um (62um); P-V, 26um (24uUm); ventral side of P-II with several small tuber-

cles; P-IV flattened ventrally and the medial edge of this flattened area appear-

ing as a longitudinal ridge in medial view; the two ventral setae of P-IV relative-

ly far apart in a lateral to medial direction; figure 461 shows the structure of the

palp; capitulum 90um (87yum) in length; chelicera 100um (96uUm) in length; dor-

sal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 60um; I-Leg-5, 69

um (67um); I-Leg-6, 724m (69um); figure 460 illustrates these segments; dor-

sal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 79um (76um); IV-Leg=

2, 594m (58um); IV-Leg-3, 67um (69um); IV-Leg-4, 80um (794m); IV-Leg-

5, 93um (964m); IV-Leg-6, 86um (844m); dorsal side of IV-Leg-=1 through 4

with long setae; figure 459 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the fourth

leg.

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult o, Pourakino River at Pourakino Picnic Grounds (in Long-

wood State Forest), on Harrington Rd south of Otautau, South Island, Nov. 31,

1982.

Paratype: 1 o, same data as holotype.

Discussion: The palp, with its longitudinal ridge on P-IV and tubercles on

P-II, is much more like that found in members of the subgenus Caudaturus.

However, the present species lacks both the sexual dimorphism of the male body

and fourth leg characteristic of that subgenus.

75. Kritaturus (?Kritaturus) ianthus, new Species

(Figs. 462-465, 596)

Female: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 349um

(304um-349um) in length, 2664um (228um-258um) in width; anteromedial plate

bearing the postocularia; anterolateral platelets with two pairs of glandularia;

posteromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia; anteromedial plate and the

anterolateral platelets colored a deep purple, other dorsal sclerites light color-

ed; posteromedial plate noticeably longer than the anteromedial plate; figure

596 shows the ornamentation of the dorsal shield; ventral shield 403um (365um-

395um) in length, 278u4m (243um-278um) in width; first coxae projecting, with

tips more or less rounded; glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines

between third and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth

legs rounded and directed posterolaterally; gonopore more or less terminal;

with many acetabula in three or four rows along posterior margin (fig. 463);

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum (19uUm-22uUm); P-II, 55um

(49um-56um); P-II, 24um (24um-26um); P-IV, 72um (68um-76um); P-V, 38

um (36uUm=38um); ventral side of P-II with several small papillae; P-IV flat-

tened ventrally and the medial edge of this flattened area appearing as a longi-

tudinal ridge in medial view; the two ventral setae of P-IV far apart ina lateral

to medial direction; figure 462 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp;

capitulum 93um (86um-98um) in length; chelicera l00Um (100um-104um) in

length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 52um (45

104 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

um-50um); I-Leg-5, 6lum (57um-62um); I-Leg-6, 72um (69um-72uUm); figure

464 illustrates these segments.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 2, Pourakino River at Pourakino Picnic Grounds (in Long-

wood State Forest) on Harrington Rd south of Otautau, South Island, Nov. 13,

1982.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 2, Kareaara Stream, 14 km east of turnoff

(Rt 5) to Taupo, June 4, 1981; 2 9, river at Broadwood in northern North Island,

Oct. 21, 1982; 19, tributary of Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of

Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), Oct. 27, 1982; 1 2, Orauhora Stream on Rt

30, between Barryville and Benneydale, Oct. 31, 1982; 12, Mangamawhete

Stream on Rt 3, between Inglewood and Stratford (Egmont area), Nov. 1, 1982;

SOUTH ISLAND: Opouri River between Carluke and Opouri Valley on Tennyson

Inlet Rd, Nov. 6, 1982; 2 2, Hope River on Rt 6, between Glenhope and Kawatiri,

Nov. 25, 1982.

Discussion: The color pattern, with the very dark anteromedial plate and

anterolateral platelets contrasting with the lightly colored other sclerites of the

dorsum is diagnostic. The palpal structure and morphology of the first coxae

are Similar to that found both in the previous species and members of the sub-

genus Caudaturus. Therefore, until the male is known, subgeneric placement

is uncertain. It is surprising that a male was not taken for, although this spe-

cieS was never common in any one collection, it was taken in eight widely scat-

tered localities on both islands, and was collected in June, October and Novem=

ber.

76. Kritaturus (Kritaturus) gennadus, new species

(Figs. 466-470, 472, 597)

Male: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 293um

(282um) in length, 22lum (213um) in width; anteromedial plate bearing the post-

ocularia; anterolateral platelets with two pairs of glandularia; posteromedial

plate with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield as shown for

the female (fig. 597); ventral shield 354um (338um) in length, 232um (235um)

in width; first coxae projecting far forward and sharp-pointed; glands of the

fourth coxae located near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projec-

tions associated with insertions of fourth legs roundly pointed and directed more

or less posteriorly; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae well developed, ex-

tending to midline and continuing forward as a medial suture line (fig. 469); gen-

ital field distinctly set off from remainder of ventral shield; gonopore small,

Oval, subterminal and flanked by two pairs of setae; genital acetabula numerous;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 2lum (20um); P-II, 59um (54um);

P-III, 25um (26um); P-IV, 104um (974m); P-V, 35um (34um); structure of the

palp as described and illustrated for the female; capitulum 100um (97um) in

length; chelicera 97um (90uUm) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments

of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 52um (48um); I-Leg-5, 62um (56um); I-Leg=-6, 67um

(62um); dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, 48um (45

uum); IV-Leg-2, 45um (44um); IV-Leg-3, 45um (47um); WV-Leg=-4, 53um (55

um); IV-Leg-5, 67um (65um); IV-Leg-6, 69um (72um); fourth leg relatively

unmodified, its structure better illustraled (fig. 466) than described.

Female: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 308um

(334m) in length, 243um (258um) in width; dorsal shield as described for the

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 105

male; figure 597 shows the ornamentation of the dorsal shield; ventral shield 373

um (395um) in length, 273um (281m) in width; coxal region as described for _

the male except posterior and medial suture lines of fourth coxae are not devel-

oped; genital field distinctly set off from rest of ventral shield; gonopore of mod-=

erate size and nearly terminal; genital acetabula numerous; dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 22um (2lum); P-II, 524m; P-I0, 29um (27um); P-IV,

113um (98um); P-V, 34um; P-IV without a medial ridge, ventral setae of P-IV

relatively close together in a lateral to medial direction; no tubercles On ventral

side of P-II; figure 472 illustrates the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp;

capitulum 104um (100um) in length; chelicera 934m (100um) in length; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 48um; I-Leg-5, 58um

(60um); I-Leg-6, 694m; figure 470 illustrates these segments.

Holotype: Adult 0, Four Mile River on Rt 6, between Charleston and Tiro-

moana, South Island, Nov. 8, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 1 o, 12, Opouri River between Carluke and Opouri Valley on

Tennyson Inlet Rd, South Island, Nov. 6, 1982.

Discussion: The present species is the type for the subgenus. The following

two species and it are more typical members of the subgenus. They are char-

acterized by a palp without papillae on P-II and no ridge on P-IV (i.e., ventral

side of P-IV is not flattened), and the ventral setae on P-IV are relatively close

together in a lateral to medial direction. Also, the tips of the first coxae are

more or less sharp-pointed. The present species is easily distinguished by the

very sharp-pointed tips of the first coxae and by their possession of a genital

field distinctly set off from remainder of ventral shield. The well developed

medial and posterior suture lines of the male fourth coxae are also diagnostic

for that sex.

77. Kritaturus (Kritaturus) dornarus, new species

(Figs, 471, 473-475, 480, 481, 598)

Male: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 2474m in

length, 2134m in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia; anterolat-

eral platelets with two pairs of glandularia; posteromedial plate with two pairs

of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield as shown for the female (fig. 598);

ventral shield 327um in length, 236um in width; first coxae projecting and are

somewhat pointed; glands of the fourth coxae located near suture lines between

third and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs are

roundly pointed and directed more or less posteriorly; posterior suture lines of

fourth coxae poorly developed; genital field not set off from remainder of ventral

shield; gonopore small, somewhat triangular, and surrounded on three sides by

setae (fig. 480); genital acetabula numerous; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 2lum; P-I, 59um; P-I0, 27um; P-IV, 107um; P-V, 40um; capitu-

lum 89um in length; chelicera 964m in length; structure of mouthparts as shown

for the female; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4,

62um; I-Leg-5, 76um; I-Leg-6, 86um; dorsal lengths of the segments of the

fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, 57um; IV-Leg-2, 46um; IV-Leg-3, 55um; IV-Leg-4, 69

um; IV-Leg-5, 8lum; IV-Leg-6, 79um; fourth leg relatively unmodified, its

structure better illustrated (fig. 473) than described.

Female: Integumental and eye pigment well developed; dorsal shield 304um

in length, 212m in width; dorsal shield as described for the male; figure 598

106 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

shows the ornamentation of the dorsal shield; ventral shield 349um in length,

2434m in width; ventral shield, except for genital field region, as described for

male; gonopore nearly terminal and flanked by numerous genital acetabula; geni-

tal field area not set off from remainder of ventral shield; figure 481 illustrates

the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 22um; P-II, 59um;

P-Iil, 28um; P-IV, 99um; P-V, 4lum; P-IV without a medial ridge, ventral

setae of P-IV close together in a lateral to medial direction; no tubercles on the

ventral side of P-IJ; capitulum 87um in length; chelicera 964m in length; figure

475 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and palp; dorsal lengths of

the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 52um; I-Leg-5, 59um; I-Leg-6,

69um; figure 474 shows these segments.

Holotype: Adult o, from a small cascade in a tributary of the Waiwawa River

at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), North Island,

Oct. 27, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Discussion: The combination of no sexual dimorphism of the body or legs

and triangular gonopore are diagnostic for the male. Characters given in the key

will distinguish the female.

78. Kritaturus (Kritaturus) vinnulus, new species

(Figs. 476-479, 599)

Female: Integumental and eye pigment developed; dorsal shield 319um (319

um) in length, 243um (25lum) in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocu-

laria; anterolateral platelets with two pairs of glandularia; Posteromedial plate

with two pairs of glandularia; ornamentation of dorsal shield shown in figure 599;

ventral shield 354um (365um) in length, 243um (258um) in width; anterior cox-

ae projecting and somewhat pointed; glands of the fourth coxae located noticeably

posterior to suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated

with insertions of fourth legs rounded and projecting more or less posteriorly;

posterior suture lines of fourth coxae obliterated; genital field not set off from

the remainder of the ventral shield; gonopore somewhat subterminal and flanked

by numerous acetabula; figure 476 shows the structure of the ventral shield; dor-

sal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 18um (22uUm); P-II, 5lum (52um); P-

II, 24um (26um); P-IV, 76um (79uUm); P-V, 4lum (38um); P-IV without a me-

dian ridge, ventral setae on P-IV close together in a lateral to medial direction;

P-II without ventral tubercles; figure 479 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy

of the palp; capitulum 864m (85um) in length; chelicera 98um (104um) in length;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 46um (49um);

I-Leg-5, 52um (554m); I-Leg-6, 69um (69um); figure 477 shows these segments.

Male: Unknown:

Holotype: Adult 2, Shag River near its headwaters, on Rt 85, 2 km west of

Pigroot Summit (Central Otago), South Island, Nov. 16, 1982.

Paratype: 12, Pourakino River at Pourakino Picnic Grounds (in Longwood

State Forest), on Harrington Rd south of Otautau, South Island, Nov. 13, 1982.

Discussion: The present species, based on the female only, seems most

closely related to the previous species, K. dornarus, but the latter has a pro-

portionally much longer P-IV (compare figures 475, 479) and there is a differ-

ence in the color pattern of the dorsal shield which is described as a part of the

key to species.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 107

Genus URALBIA Hopkins

Uralbia Hopkins, 1967. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 10: 44.

Diagnosis: Characters of the New Zealand Notoaturinae; anteromedial plate

bearing widely spaced postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of gland-

ularia with long associated setae; posterolateral platelets with a pair of long

setae which are the homologs of glandularia (gland portion has disappeared); the

posteromedial plate with two pairs of setae which are the homologs of glandu-

laria; excretory pore lying on the posteromedial plate in the female; dorsum with-

out ornamentation (fig. 600); coxae projecting far forward and pointed; no inter-

coxal slots present; capitular bay long and comparatively narrow; suture lines

of fourth coxae apparent for only a short distance medial to insertions of fourth

legs; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs large and rounded;

glands of the fourth coxae near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; many

genital acetabula present; female gonopore large and terminal (fig. 482); male

genital field with paired acetabula-bearing lobes extending posterior to gonopore

(fig. 484); palpal segments elongated, P-II with spine-like cuticular projections

on ventral side (fig. 492); male fourth leg exhibiting a sexual dimorphism in the

proportions of the segments and in the setae of IV-Leg-3 and 4.

Type Species: Uralbia projecta Hopkins.

Discussion: This genus is so distinctive it needs no further characterization.

One interesting aspect of the genus is that it provides another example of an in-

terstitial group in which the gland portion of the glandularia has disappeared.

This obliteration of the glands has occurred independently in several completely

unrelated families from the hyporheic habitat, but I know of only one example of

its occurance in a species living in superficial waters. That example is the New

Zealand species Aciculacarus papillosus Hopkins, in which two of the dorsal

glandularia pairs have lost the gland portion.

79. Uralbia gracilipes, new species

(Figs. 482-487, 492, 600)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 349

um (349um-=380um) in length, 308um (318um-327um) in width; anteromedial

plate bearing laterally placed postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair

of glandularia, the associated setae long; posterolateral platelets with the homo-

logs of a pair of glandularia, but the gland portion has disappeared, leaving only

the associated setae; posteromedial plate with the homologs of two pairs of gland-

ularia, but here also the gland portion has disappeared, leaving only the setae to

mark the locations (fig. 486); excretory pore placed on dorsal portion of ventral

shield; ventral shield 608um (597um-646um) in length, 334um (34lum-360um)

in width; coxae projecting far forward and pointed; capitular bay very long and

narrow; glands of the fourth coxae placed near suture lines between third and

fourth coxae}; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs rounded; pos-

terior suture lines of fourth coxae evident for only a short distance medial to

insertions of fourth legs; genital field projecting beyond body; genital field con-

sisting of paired posteriorly directed lobes bearing the acetabula; gonopore small

but gradually widening posteriorly when viewed ventrally; end of ventral shield

with a bluntly pointed projection bearing a ventral keel; genital field area better

illustrated (fig. 484) than described; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,

108 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

T4um (Tlum-74um); PII, 12lum (119um-128um); P-III, 106um (102um-1l4yum);

P-IV, 276um (266um-310um); P-V, 34um (33um=35um); palp as described for

the female; capitulum 162um (157um-173um) in length; chelicera 134um (128um-

131um) in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4,

100um (90um-104um); I-Leg-5, 135um (12lum-138um); I-Leg-6, 13lum (134um-

14544m); dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-l, 133um (133

um-140um); IV-Leg-2, 199um (165um-192um); IV-Leg-3, 140um (129um-140

um); IV-Leg-4, 192um (177um-207um); IV-Leg-5, 273 um (2364um-273 um); IV-

Leg-6, 200um (178um-192um); segments of fourth leg relatively narrow; medial

surface of IV-Leg-3 and 4 with numerous, somewhat thickened setae, these bet-

ter illustrated (fig. 483) than described; setae on IV-Leg-3 somewhat foreshort-

ened in the illustration.

Female: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield

440um (388um-420um) in length, 319um (2894m-334um) in width; structure of

dorsal shield as described for the male but posteromedial plate is proportionally

much longer and bears the excretory pore (compare figures 485, 486); figure

600 is a photograph of the dorsal shield; ventral shield 638um (5934um-646 um)

in length, 349um (320um-364um) in width; anterior portion of ventral shield as

described for male; distance from fourth coxae to posterior end of ventral shield

much greater than in male; gonopore terminal and relatively large; many ace-

tabula present, most of which are terminal in position (fig. 482); dorsal lengths

of the palpal segments: P-I, 72um (70um-72um); PeII, 12lum (U7um-124um);

P-III, 107uUm (104um); P-IV, 266um (259um-270um); P-V, 354m; P-II with

several long, pointed cuticular projections on proximal portion of ventral side;

figure 492 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum 1694m

(157um-166um) in length; chelicera 134um (124um-130um) in length; dorsal

lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 86um (80um-90u"m);

I-Leg-5, l7um (104um-118um); I-Leg-6, ll17um (114um-12lum); figure 487 il-.

lustrates these segments.

Holotype: Adult 0", Kaituna River on Rt 6, 5 km south of Havelock, northern

South Island, Nov. 22, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: SOUTH ISLAND: 1 o, 3 2, tributary of Wakamarina River, 7 km

southeast of Canvastown (off Rt 6), Nov. 5, 1982; 19, tributary of Whangamoa

River on Rt 6, slightly west of Rai Saddle (at Collins Valley Picnic Grounds),

Nov. 6, 1982; 8 &%, 42, Whale Creek on Rt 6, west of Murchison, Nov. 7, 1982;

2, 32, same data as holotype; 1°, 1 ¢, small creek on Rt 6, approx. 10 km

west of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982; 2 , tributary of Whangamoa River on Rt 6,

just west of Rai Saddle (at Collins Valley Picnic Grounds), Nov. 22, 1982; 19,

tributary of the Motupiko River on Rt 6, between Korere and Glenhope, Nov.

25, 1982.

Discussion: Males of the present species and the following are closely re=

lated (see remarks under the latter for characters separating the two) and may

be distinguished from the type species, U. projecta hopkins, in having a pos-

teromedial projection on the ventral shield in males (compare figures 484 and

489 with 502), and much less stocky segments of the male fourth leg (compare

figures 483 and 488 with 494). Females of the present species have a propor-

tionally much longer and narrower P-III than in projecta (compare figures 491

and 492).

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 109

80. Uralbia parva, new species

(Figs. 488-490, 493)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 278

4m in length, 243um in width; anteromedial plate bearing the laterally placed

postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia; posterolateral

platelets with the homologs of one pair of glandularia, but the gland portions

have disappeared leaving only the associated setae; posteromedial plate with the

homologs of two pairs of glandularia (fig. 490); excretory pore located on dor-

sal side of ventral shield; ventral shield 486um in length, 266um in width; an=

terior coxae projecting far forward and pointed; capitular bay very long and nar-

row; glands of the fourth coxae located at edge of suture lines between the third

and fourth coxae; projections associated with insertions of fourth legs rounded

and pointed posteromedially; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae evident for

a Short distance medial to insertions of fourth legs; genital field projecting be-

yond body; genital field consisting of paired posteriorly directed, pointed lobes

bearing the acetabula; gonopore very small and tapering posteriorly when viewed

ventrally; end of ventral shield with a pointed, triangular projection bearing a

ventral keel; genital field area better illustrated (fig. 489) than described; dor-

sal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 55um; P-II, 87um; P-III, 79um; P-IV,

207u4m; P-V, 27um; a few long, sharp cuticular projections on ventral side of

P-II; figure 493 illustrates the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; capitulum

124um in length; chelicera 100um in length; dorsal lengths of the distal segments

of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 73um; I-Leg-5, 104um; I-Leg-6, 115um; dorsal lengths

of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1, 103um; IV-Leg-2, 140um; IV-Leg-

3, 105um; IV-Leg-4, 148um; IV-Leg-5, 177um; IV-Leg-6, 143um; segments of

fourth leg relatively narrow as in the previous species; medial surface of IV-

Leg-3 and 4 bearing many setae, but these not nearly as numerous as in the pre=

vious species (compare figures 483, 488).

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult o7, Waimana River in the "Gorge" between Tameatura and

Opotiki, North Island, Oct. 28, 1982.

Discussion: The present species is closely related to gracilipes but is much

smaller and varies in details of the genital field region. The posteriorly direct-

ed lobes of the present species are more sharply pointed and bear fewer ace-

tabula, and the gonopore is much narrower. Also, the posterior projection of

the ventral shield is comparatively much larger in parva. The fourth leg of the

present species bears fewer setae on IV-Leg-3 and 4 than in the related species.

81. Uralbia projecta Hopkins

(Figs. 491, 494-499, 502)

Uvralbia projecta Hopkins, 1967. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 10: 44.

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 369

um-410um in length, 3194m-350um in width; anteromedial plate bearing the

laterally placed postocularia; anterolateral platelets with one pair of glandularia,

the associated setae long; posteromedial platelets with the homologs of a pair of

glandularia, but the gland portion has disappeared leaving the associated setae

to mark the location; posteromedial plate with the homologs of two pairs of gland-

110 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

ularia, but here also the gland portions have disappeared leaving only the asso-

ciated setae (fig. 498); excretory pore placed on dorsal portion of ventral shield;

ventral shield 608Um-637um in length, 380uUm-395um in width; anterior coxae

projecting far forward and are pointed; capitular bay long and narrow; glands of

the fourth coxae placed near suture lines of third coxae; projections associated

with insertions of fourth legs rounded and located near lateral edges of body; pos-

terior suture lines of fourth coxae well developed; genital field projecting be-

yond body; genital field consisting of posteriorly-directed lobes bearing the ace-

tabula; gonopore located where the two lobes join anteriorly; end of ventral shield

lacking the median projection so characteristic of the previous two species; gen-

ital field area better illustrated (fig. 502) than described; dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 60um-69um; P-II, 100um-l07um; P-ID, 76um-79um;

P-IV, 229um-256um; P-V, 28um-32um; palp as illustrated for the female; ca-

pitulum 14lum-155um in length; chelicera 121um-125um in length; dorsal lengths

of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 88um-90um; I-Leg-5, lllum-

N8um; I-Leg-6, 124u4m-128um; dorsal lengths of the segments of the fourth leg:

IV-Leg-l, 118um-133um; IV-Leg-2, 185um-207um; IV-Leg-3, 144um-155um;

IV-Leg-4, 177um-199um; IV-Leg-5, 207um-222um; IV-Leg-6, 1554m-168um;

leg segments stocky and with patches of thickened setae on medial surfaces of

IV-Leg-3 and 4; these setae foreshortened in figure 494, figure 499 shows the

true length of the thickened setae on IV-Leg-=4.

Female: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield

440um-47lum in length, 312um-334uUm in width; structure of dorsal shield as

described for male but posteromedial plate proportionally much longer and it

bears the excretory pore; figure 495 shows the proportions of the sclerites of

the dorsal shield; ornamentation of the dorsal shield similar to that of U. gra-

cilipes (fig. 600); ventral shield 612um-669um in length, 342um-380um in width;

anterior portion of ventral shield as described for male; suture lines of fourth

coxae less well developed than in male and distance from fourth coxae to poste-

rior end much greater; gonopore terminal and relatively large; many acetabula

present, most of which are terminal in position (fig. 496); dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 62um-69um; P-II, 97um-104um; P-III, 74um-79um; P-

IV, 222um-237um; P-V, 3lum=33um; ventral side of P-II with several long,

sharp cuticular projections; capitulum 148um-157um in length; chelicera 128um-

135um in length; figure 491 shows a lateral view of the capitulum, chelicera and

palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 76um=82

um; I-Leg=-5, 104um-l06um; I-Leg-6, 109um-ll2um; figure 497 shows these

segments.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 1 &%, stream on Wainui Rd, 5 km west

of Mahinepua Rd in northern North Island, Oct. 22, 1982; 19, tributary of the

Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop, 3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula),

Oct. 27, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND: 2 9, tributary of Wakamarina River 7 km south-

east of Canvastown (off Rt 6), Nov. 5, 1982;16, 19, Graham Stream on Rt 6, at

picnic grounds 8 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982; 2 o, 2 9,

Whangamoa River on Rt 6, approx. 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov.

23, 1982.

Discussion: The thickened fourth leg and lack of a median projection at the

posterior end of the ventral shield is diagnostic for the male of the present spe-

cies. The present female may be distinguished from gracilipes (female of parva

unknown) by its proportionally much shorter P-III and the proportions of the scl-

rites of the dorsal shield. In projecia, the posterolateral plate is proportionally

much longer and the posterior tips of the posterolateral platelets end much far-

ther anteriorly (compare figures 485, 495).

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand lll

Genus ZELANDALBIA Imamura

Zelandalbia Imamura, 1978. Jour. Speleolog. Soc. Japan, 3: 41.

Diagnosis (Based on female only, male unknown): Characters of the New

Zealand Notoaturinae; anteromedial plate large and bearing the close set post-

ocularia; both the anterolateral and posterolateral platelets each bearing a pair

of glandularia; posteromedial plate with two pairs of glandularia (fig. 500); ex-

cretory pore lying on the posteromedial plate in female; dorsum without orna-

mentation (fig. 601); first coxae sharp-pointed and projecting beyond body in the

type species but not to the anterior end in the species described in this paper;

suture lines of fourth coxae obliterated; projections associated with insertions

of fourth legs large and rounded; glands of the fourth coxae near suture lines be-

tween third and fourth coxae; female gonopore terminal; several pairs of geni-

tal acetabula present; genital field distinctly set off from remainder of ventral

shield in type species but not in second species to be described in this paper;

palpal segments elongated in the type species, shorter in the second species;

without projections on ventral side of P-II; leg segments dorsoventrally expanded

and laterally compressed (figs. 503, 505); no intercoxal slots present.

Type Species: Zelandalbia hopkinsi (Imamura).

Discussion: The dorsoventrally expanded and laterally compressed condi-

tion of the legs is superficially similar to that found in Planaturus and Tainta-

turus, but the second segment is not elongated on the fourth leg of the present

genus and there are no intercoxal slots to receive the legs. There is no ques-

tion but this compressed condition of the legs has evolved twice in very unre-

lated groups within the subfamily Notoaturinae. Zelandalbia was originally des-

cribed as a subgenus of Uvalbia but the differences seem sufficient to deserve

generic Separation.

82. Zelandalbia imamurai, new species

(Figs. 500, 501, 503-505, 509, 601)

Female: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield

300um in length, 2374m in width; anteromedial plate bearing the postocularia

and lightly fused anteriorly with the ventral shield; anterolateral and postero-

lateral platelets each bearing a glandularium; posteromedial plate with two pairs

of glandularia; all associated setae short; posterior end of posteromedial plate

indented to accommodate a portion of the gonopore; excretory pore lying on the

posteromedial plate; figures 500 and 601 show the structure of the dorsum; ven-

tral shield 3334m in length, 264um in width; anterior coxae moderately long

and pointed, but not extending beyond edge of body; a ridge present on each side

extending anterolaterally from region of third coxae; glands of the fourth coxae

placed near suture lines between third and fourth coxae; projections associated

with insertions of fourth legs rounded and directed posterolaterally; a ridge on

each side extending posterolaterally from region of insertion of fourth legs; two

pairs of glandularia close together on their respecitive sides located at posterior

end of these ridges; gonopore terminal; genital acetabula located at posterior

end; figure 501 illustrates the structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of

the palpal segments: P-I, 24um; P-I, 40um; P-III, 3lum; P-IV, 65um; P-V,

3lum; structure of palp and its chaetotaxy very simple (fig. 509); capitulum 83

44m in length; chelicera 86uUm in length; figure 504 shows a lateral view of the

112 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

capitulum; dorsal lengths of the segments of the first leg: I-Leg-1, 3lum; I-Leg-

2, 27m; I-Leg-3, 28um; I-Leg-4, 36um; I-Leg-5, 38um; I-Leg-6, 48um; seg-

ments tending to be high and laterally compressed; figure 503 shows the struc-

ture of the first leg, but second and third legs are very similar; dorsal lengths

of the segments of the fourth leg: IV-Leg-1l, 24um; IV-Leg-2, 26um; IV-Leg-3,

26um; IV-Leg-4, 27um; IV-Leg-5, 25um; IV-Leg-6, 4lum; figure 505 illustrates

these segments.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 2, from Cole Creek on Rt 6, between. Lake Moeraki and

Haast, South Island, Nov. 10, 1982.

Discussion: The legs of the present species are similar to those illustrated

for Z. hopkinsi (Imamura) but the palp, though similar in general structure and

chaetotaxy, is much shorter. Z. hopkinsi has palpal proportions more like those

found in Uvralbia. Imamura's species has a proportionally longer body, a much

broader anterior rim of the ventral shield, the genital field distinctly set off

from the remainder of the body and the glandularia of the posterior portion of the

ventral shield arranged very differently.

Family MOMONIIDAE Viets

Genus NEOMOMONIA Cook

Neomomonia Cook, 1968. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 70: 211.

Diagnosis: Characters of the family Momoniidae as given by Cook (1974);

dorsal and ventral shields present; dorsal shield divided into a smaller anterior

plate and much larger posterior plate; all coxae solidly fused with ventral shield;

three pairs of acetabula; acetabula lying on acetabular plates lying free in the

integument in the female; female acetabular plates extending decidedly postero-

laterally and followed by a large posterior plate which incorporates the postgeni-

tal sclerite, excretory pore and a pair of glandularia (fig. 506); male genital

field completely fused with the ventral shield, but the acetabula lying free but

relatively close together medially in the narrow gonopore (fig. 507); generally

with numerous long setae in patches posterior to the insertions of the fourth legs

and a small rounded clear area in the integument lateral to these setae (but both

these structures reduced in one of the species); I-Leg-6 only slightly widened

laterally to medially; P-V with two heavy terminal setae of approximately the

same size.

Type Species: Neomomonia torquipes (Hopkins).

Discussion: Neomomonia was originally described as a subgenus of Stygo-

momonia, However, with males now taken for the first time, and these with the

genital acetabula lying free in the gonopore, it is obvious that the New Zealand

mites must be shifted from the Stygomomoniinae to the Momoniinae. Neomo-

monia differs from both Momonia and Momoniella in being a much more dorso-=

ventrally flattened, colorless interstitial group in which P-V has two distal heavy

setae of about equal size (fig. 510). The other two genera have one seta at tip of

P-V much larger than the rest (fig. 533). Also, the anterior coxal groups are

separated from the remainder of the ventral shield by articular membrane in

Momonia. Momoniella has an entire dorsal shield, a greater development of the

dorsal portion of the camerostome plus a very different arrangement of the dor-

sal glandularia. As far as is known, Neomomonia is confined to New Zealand.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 113

83. Neomomonia torquipes (Hopkins)

(Figs. 506-508, 510, 513)

Stygomomonia torquipes Hopkins, 1966. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 8: 115.

Stygomomonia (Neomomonia) torquipes Cook, 1968. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing-

ton, 70: 2ll.

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment developed; dorsal shield

562um-566um in length, 365um- 376um in width; dorsal shield divided into a

smaller anterior plate and a much larger posterior plate; anterior plate 14lum-

148um in length, 300um-305um in width; posterior plate bearing three pairs of

glandularia and is closely flanked by five pairs of glandularia sclerites (fig. 508);

ventral shield 623um-63lum in length, 40lum-41l4um in width; anterior coxae

projecting beyond body; suture lines between third and fourth coxae extending

anterolaterally more or less ina gradual arc; projections associated with the

insertions of fourth legs well developed; a patch of 8-10 long setae on each side

posterior to insertions of fourth legs; a small clear area in the integument on

each side immediately lateral to the bases of these setae; gonopore 96um in

length; three pairs of genital acetabula, these nearly touching in the midline;

excretory pore terminal; figure 507 shows the structure of the ventral shield;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 17um-l19um; P-II, 664um-68um; P-

I, 37um=-384um; P-IV, 65um-69um; P-V, 38um=39um; structure of palp as

described and illustrated for female; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the

first leg: I-Leg-4, Tlum-74um (greatest height of this segment 35um-37um);

I-Leg-5, 145um-156um; I-Leg-6, 76um-80uUm; dorsal projection at proximal

end of I-Leg-6 almost directly above origin of this segment; the two pointed ex-

tensions on this dorsal projection relatively far apart; subapical lobe of claw

placed rather far proximal to tip; morphology of first leg as shown for female.

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 517um-593um in

length, 3644m-410um in width; anterior plate of dorsal shield 129um-162um in

length, 2994m-337um in width; ventral shield 562um-638um in length, 380um-

456um in width; except for genital field region, ventral shield as described for

male; posterior margins of fourth coxae more rounded and much farther anteri-

or to genital field than in male; three pairs of genital acetabula, these located

on small sclerites and arranged in an outward curve; postgenital sclerite fused

with a broad, arc-like sclerite which bears the excretory pore and a pair of

elandularia (fie. 506); dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P- I, 17um=20um;

PelII, 63um-66um; PIII, 38um-42um; P-IV, 64um-70um; P-V, 36um-4lum;

P-II relatively long and P-IV of nearly intorin height along entire length; two

thickened setae at tip of P-V and two smaller thickened setae placed more prox-

imally; figure 510 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; dorsal lengths

of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 69um-73um (greatest height of

this segment 34um-35um); I-Leg-5, 142um-158um; I-Leg-6, 78um-86um; fig-

ure 513 illustrates these segments.

Material Examined: NORTH ISLAND: 1, 12, Te Whaiau Stream at nevion

of Rt 47 and Rotoaria Rd, June 5, 1981;10, 1 9, stream 1 km north of Tohere

(east of Opotiki on Rt 35), Oct. 29, 1982: 1 gi stream at Owhiritoa Bridge, on

Rt 2 in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 19, stream at Sandy's Bridge

on Rt 2, in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 10, Makakomiko Stream on

Rt 4 (1 km south of Erua), between Erua and National Park, Nov. 2, 1982: SOUTH

ISLAND: 1 9, tributary of Whangamoa River slightly west of Rai Saddle (at Col-

114 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

lins Valley Picnic Grounds), Nov. 6, 1982; 19, tribulary of Motupiko River, on

Rt 6 between Korere and Glenhope, 1982.

Discussion: The combination of a proportionally long P-IV of relatively uni-

form height (fig. 510) and a I-Leg-6 with the dorsal projection more or less a-

bove insertion of the segment (with the pointed extensions of this projection rela-

tively far apart) are diagnostic for the present species.

84. Neomomonia hopkinsi, new species

(Figs. 511, 512, 514, 515)

Female: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment developed; dorsal shield

441um in length, 324um in width; dorsal shield divided into a smaller anterior

plate and a much larger posterior plate; anterior plate 133um in length, 285um

in width; posterior plate bearing three pairs of glandularia and is closely flanked

by five pairs of glandularia sclerites (fig. 512); ventral shield 47lum (592um) in

length, 365um (456um) in width; anterior coxae projecting beyond body, these

with a ridge extending part way posteriorly from tips; suture line between third

and fourth coxae abruptly angled near insertions of fourth legs; projections as-

sociated with insertions of fourth legs well developed; a patch of 4-5 (6-7) setae

on each side posterior to insertions of fourth legs, these tend to be shorter than

in other members of the genus; clear area in integument (so obvious in other

members of the genus) reduced nearly to the point of being absent; three pairs of

genital acetabula, these located on small sclerites and arranged nearly ina

straight line which extends posterolaterally; postgenital sclerite fused with an

arc-like sclerite which bears the excretory pore and a pair of glandularia; fig-

ure oll shows the structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 15um (20um); P-II, 40um (48um); P-III, 22um (29um); P-IV, 45um

(56um); P-V, 3lum (39um); P-IV noticeably expanded distally (it would appear

as in figure 519 if the segment were not rotated in the specimen illustrated); two

thickened setae at tip of P-V and two smaller thickened setae placed more proxi-

mally; figure 514 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; dorsal lengths

of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 62um (764m); greatest height

of this segment 35um (40um); I-Leg-5, 1284m (159um); I-Leg-6, 65um (79um);

dorsal projection at proximal end of I-Leg-6 placed nearly directly above origin

of segment; the two pointed extensions on the dorsal projection relatively close

together; subapical lobe of claw placed rather close to tip; figure 515 shows the

proportions and chaetotaxy of these segments.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 2, from a tributary of the Waiwawa River at AA Rest Stop,

3 km west of Coroglen (Coromandel Peninsula), North Island, Oct. 27, 1982.

Paratype: 12, headwaters of Whangamata Stream, 10 km northwest of Taupo,

North Island, Nov. 3, 1982.

Discussion: The combination of abruptly angled suture lines between third

and fourth coxae, dorsal projection on I-Leg-6 located directly above insertion

‘(and with the two extensions close together), and noticeably expanded ventral

side of P-IV, are diagnostic for the present species. The paratype specimen is

noticeably larger but otherwise agrees well with the holotype. Unfortunately,

the dorsal shield of the paratype was lost during slide making and so comparisons

of this structure were not possible. There is, therefore, the possibility that the

two specimens actually belong to separate species.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 115

85. Neomomonia benova, new species

(Figs. 516-520)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 513

um (4944m-502um) in length, 388um (358um-373uUm) in width; dorsal shield

divided into a smaller anterior plate and a much larger posterior plate; anterior

plate 133um (135um-140um) in length, 318um (2894um-3034m) in width; posterior

plate bearing three pairs of glandularia and closely flanked by five pairs of gland-

ularia sclerites; dorsal shield as shown for female; ventral shield 564um (540

4m-570um) in length, 418um (395um-403um) in width; anterior coxae project-

ing beyond body; suture lines between third and fourth coxae extending anterola-

terally more or less in an arc; projections associated with insertions of fourth

legs well developed; a patch of six to eight long setae on each side posterior to

insertions of fourth legs; a clear area in the integument on each side immediately

lateral to these setal patches; gonopore 8lum in length and noticeably narrowed

to a point posteriorly (fig. 518); three pairs of genital acetabula, these nearly

touching in the midline; excretory pore terminal; dorsal lengths of the palpal seg-

ments: P-I, 15um (l4um-15um); P-II, 50um (45um-48um); P-III, 3lum (29um-

334m); P-IV, 55um (48um-52um); P-V, 34um (3lum-34um); structure of palp

as described and illustrated for female; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of

the first leg: I-Leg-4, 69um (62um-66um); greatest height of this segment, 35

um (3lum-35um; I-Leg-5, 159um (152um-159um); I-Leg=6, lllum (107um-=109

um); dorsal projection at proximal end of I-Leg-6 extending well proximal to the

origin of the segment; the two pointed extensions of this dorsal projection rela-

tively far apart; subapical lobe of claw placed rather far proximally to tip; the

morphology of the first leg as illustrated for the female.

Female: Dorsal shield as described for male; dorsal shield 532um (532um-

547um) in length, 380um (3864m-402um) in width; anterior plate of dorsal

shield 140um (137um-140um) in length, 314um (3184m-333uUm) in width; ventral

Shield 58lum (577um-58lum) in length, 434um (440um-446um) in width; except

for genital field region, ventral shield as described for male; posterior margins

of fourth coxae much farther from genital field than in male; three pairs of geni-

tal acetabula, these located on small sclerites and arranged in outwardly di-

rected arcs; postgenital sclerite fused with a broad arc-like sclerite which also

bears the excretory pore and a pair of glandularia (fig. 517); dorsal lengths of

the palpal segments: P-I, 15um (15um-17uUm); P-II, 50um (49um-50um); P-II,

3lum (29um-3lum); P-IV, 58um (52um-55um); P-V, 38um (35um-37um); P-

IV noticeably expanded in distal half; two thickened setae at tip of P-V and two

smaller thickened setae placed more proximally; figure 519 shows the propor-

tions and chaetataxy of the palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first

leg: I-Leg-4, 66um (644um-69um); greatest height of this segment 37um (35um-

38um); I-Leg=5, 166um (156um-162um); I-Leg-6, 1l0um (1084m-114um); these

segments as described for male (fig. 516).

Holotype: Adult o, from a stream 1 km north of Tohere (east of Opotiki),

North Island, Oct. 29, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 10, 1, stream on Wainui Rd, 5 km west of

Mahinepua Rd, northern North Island, Oct. 22, 1982; 12, stream at Owhiritoa

Bridge on Rt 2, in "Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; SOUTH ISLAND:

3 o, tributary of Whangamoa River on Rt 6, slightly west of Rai Saddle (at Col-

lins Valley Picnic Grounds), Nov. 6, 1982; 1°, small creek on Rt 6, approx 10

116 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

km west of Havelock, Nov. 22, 1982; 19, tributary of Whangamoa River on Rt

6, just west of Rai Saddle (at Collins Valley Picnic Grounds), Nov. 22, 1982;

12, Whangamoa River on Rt 6, approx 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle,

Nov. 23, 1982.

Discussion: The present species seems most closely related to the following

Species. See remarks under the latter for characters which will distinguish the

two. The present species differs from the two previously described Species in

having the dorsal projection on I-Leg-6 extending well proximal to insertion of

the segment and in having the clear area lateral to the setal patch of the ventral

shield much larger.

86. Neomomonia paramecia, new species

(Figs. 521-524, 526)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 456

um (426um-44lum) in length, 288um (25lum-315um) in width; dorsal shield di-

vided into a smaller anterior plate and a much larger posterior plate; anterior

plate 133um (lllum-126um) in length, 25lum (215um-=266um) in width; posterior

plate with three pairs of glandularia and closely flanked by five pairs of glandu-

laria sclerites; figure 521 shows the structure of the dorsal shield; ventral shield

o17um (4564m-492um) in length, 3194m (2854m-364um) in width; anterior cox-

ae projecting beyond body; suture lines between third and fourth coxae extending

anterolaterally more or less in an arc; projections associated with insertions of

fourth legs well developed; a patch of seven to eight long setae on each side pos-

terior to insertions of fourth legs; a distinct clear area on each side immediate-

ly lateral to the setal patches; gonopore 924m (77um-89um) in length, and is

relatively wide and rounded posteriorly (fig. 523); three pairs of genital acetab-

ula, these nearly touching medially; excretory pore terminal; dorsal lengths of

the palpal segments: P-I, 13um (13um-l4um); P-II, 40um (39um-4lum); P-III,

24um (25um-26um); P-IV, 434m (4lum-45um); P-V, 30um (29um-3lum); P-

IV noticeably expanded distally; two thickened setae at tip of P-V and two smal-

ler thickened setae placed more proximally; figure 522 shows the proportions

and chaetotaxy of the palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-4, 55um (55um-59um); greatest height of this segment, 3lum (29um-3]

um); I-Leg-5, 145um (1284m-140um); I-Leg-6, 116um (lllum-124m); dorsal

projection on proximal portion of I-Leg-6 extending well proximal to origin of

this segment; the two pointed extensions on this dorsal projection relatively far

apart; subapical lobe of claw placed rather far proximal to tip; figure 524 shows

the proportions and chaetotaxy of these segments.

Female: Dorsal shield as described for male; dorsal shield 426um (395um-

440um) in length, 247um (239um-327um) in width; anterior plate of dorsal shield

184m (lllum-118um) in length, 217um (199um-273um) in width; ventral shield

460um (4364m-486um) in length, 282um (274um-360um) in width; except for

genital field region, ventral shield as described for male; posterior margins of

fourth coxae much farther from the genital field than in the male; three pairs of

genital acetabula, these located on small sclerites and arranged in an outwardly

directed arc; postgenital sclerite fused with a broad arc-like sclerite which bears

the excretory pore and a pair of glandularia (fig. 526); dorsal lengths of the pal-

pal segments: P-I, 13um (l2um-1l4um); P-II, 37um (35um-4lum); P-I0, 24um

(24um-26um); P-IV, 4lum (38um-44um); P-V, 27um (27um-30um); structure

of palp as described and illustrated for male; dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 117

ments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 54um (55um-57um); greatest height of this seg-

ment 29um (30Um-32um); I-Leg=5, 128um (13lum-145um); I-Leg-6, 110um (106

um-117um); these segments as shown and described for male.

Holotype: Adult o, Four Mile River on Rt 6, between Charleston and Tiro-

noana, South Island, Nov. 8, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 1 ¢, stream at Owhiritoa Bridge on Rt 2, in the

"Gorge" south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 1c, 2 2, stream at Opato Bridge area

(at rest stop), on Rt 2 south of Opotiki, Oct. 29, 1982; 12, Mangatokiiti Stream

(Egmont area) on Opunake Rd, 10 km west of Stratford, Nov. 1, 1982; SOUTH

ISLAND: 10 &%, 2 ¢, tributary of Wakamarina River, 7 km southeast of Canvas-

twon (off Rt 6), Nov. 5, 1982; 1%, Opouri River between Carluke and Opouri

Valley on Tennyson Inlet Rd, Nov. 6, 1982; 3 o, same data as holotype; 1 2,

Potters Creek on Rt 6, between Bruce Bay and Lake Paringa (north of Haast),

Nov. 10, 1982; 19, Rocky Gully Stream on Rt 8, between Cave and Fairlie (west

of Timaru), Nov. 18, 1982; 1%, Graham Stream on Rt 6, at picnic grounds 8 km

northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982; 3 o, Whangamoa River on Rt 6,

approx 5 km northeast of Whangamoa Saddle, Nov. 23, 1982;10, 3 2, Wakapu-

aka River on Rt 6, on western edge of Hira State Forest, Nov. 23, 1982.

Discussion: The present species is most closely related to the previous spe-

cies, N. benova, but differs in being smaller and typically proportionally much

narrower. Actually, most specimens are as narrow as, or are narrower than,

indicated in figures 523 and 526. It is a single male and female specimen from

an unnamed stream on Wianui Road, 5 km west of Mahinepua Road (in northern

North Island) which are relatively wide (but otherwise agree with the characters

of the present species) which produce the large width measurements in the para-

type series. The male gonopore is rounded posteriorly in the present species

and I-Leg-6 is much longer relative to I-Leg-5 in both sexes than in any other

member of the genus.

Genus PARTIDOMOMONIA, new genus

Discussion: (Based on male, female unknown); characters of the family

Momoniidae as given by Cook (1974); dorsal shield consisting of a series of

closely fitting sclerites which are better illustrated (fig. 527) than described;

gland portion missing on many of the dorsal glandularia; ventral shield entire;

all coxae fused with the ventral shield; three pairs of genital acetabula, these

lying free and widely separated medially in the oval male gonopore (fig. 529);

male genital field incorporated into the ventral shield; setae posterolateral to

Openings for insertion of fourth legs short and few in number; I-Leg-6 with the

dorsal projection elongated and extending 180° from distal portion (fig. 528);

P-V with one terminal seta much longer than others.

Type Species: Partidomomonia polyplacophora, new species.

Discussion: The new genus likely belongs in the subfamily Momoniinae,

but a knowledge of the female is necessary before this can be stated with cer-

tainty. It is a bit difficult to homologize the glandularia of the dorsal shield with

those of Neomomonia. However, it appears the small anteromedial and follow-

ing paired plates bearing the postocularia correspond to the anterior plate, and

the larger paired plates plus the posteromedial plate correspond to the posterior

plate of Neomomonia. It is likely that the lateral platelets bearing setae (homo-

logs of glandularia) lateral to the postocularia platelets correspond to the gland-

ularia Opposite the suture line between anterior and posterior plates of the pre-

118 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

vious genus. The setae on the large paired plates and two pairs of setae on the

posteromedial plate correspond to the glandularia on the posterior plate of Neo-

momonia, However, there are only three pairs of glandularia (or their homo-

logs) lateral to these large plates and there should be four pairs in order to

homologize exactly with the condition found in the previous genus. If positions

of the glandularia are relatively constant in the two genera, it is the second

from the last pair of free glandularia in Neomomonia that are missing in Parti-

domomonia.

A nymphal specimen of what is without doubt a second species of the pres-

ant genus was taken from interstitial waters of a stream in Queensland, Aus-

tralia.

87. Partidomomonia polyplacophora, new species

(Figs. 525, 527-529, 531)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment greatly reduced; all body

sclerites thin; dorsal shield 684um in length, 502um in width; dorsal shield

consisting of numerous closely fitting sclerites which are better illustrated (fig.

527) than described; the presumed homologies of the glandularia and sclerites

are discussed in the generic description; ventral shield 798um in length, 523um

in width; anterior coxae projecting beyond body proper; projections associated

with insertions of fourth legs well developed; three or four short setae on each

fourth coxa posterior to insertions of fourth legs; no clear areas lateral to these

setae; gonopore 8lum in length, 89um in width; three pairs of genital acetabula,

these lateral in position; gonopore closely flanked by 10-11 setae (or setal bases)

on each side (fig. 529); excretory pore subterminal; figure 531 illustrates the

ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 22um; P-II, 53um;

P-ITI, 38um; P-IV, 72um; P-V, 5lum; only one of the ventral setae on P-IV

greatly thickened; only one of the end setae of P-V greatly enlarged; P-V bear-

ing three smaller, thickened setae (fig. 525); dorsal lengths of the distal seg-

ments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 100um; I-Leg-5, 248um; I-Leg-6, 259um;

dorsal projection on proximal portion of I-Leg-6 greatly lengthened and extend-=

ing at an angle of 180° from the distal portion of the segment; claw 148m in

length; structure of these segments of the first leg better illustrated (fig. 528)

than described.

Female: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 3, from a stream on Wainui Rd, 5 km west of Mahinepua

Rd, northern North Island, Oct. 22, 1982.

Genus MOMONIE LLA Viets

88. Momoniella sp.

(Figs. 530, 532, 533)

Newly Metamorphosed Nymph: dorsum too unsclerotized to describe, al-

though ''pores" are forming over an extensive area and it is obvious there will

be a dorsal shield; ventral shield 608um in length, 577um in width; anterior

coxae projecting, forming a camerostome with a somewhat concave anterior

edge; tips of first coxae curving into a semicircular anterior rim; capitular bay

relatively wide (744m); provisional genital field consisting of two pairs of close-

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 119

ly spaced acetabula; figure 532 illustrates the structure of the ventral shield;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 194m; P-II, 54um; P-Il, 38um; P-

IV, 56um; P-V, 44um; ventral setae of P-IV consisting of one greatly thickened

seta and one only slightly thickened seta; tip of P-V with one extremely large

seta and a much smaller (but thickened) seta; figure 533 shows the proportions

and chaetotaxy of the palp; dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg:

I-Leg-4, 76um; I-Leg-5, 176um; I-Leg-6, 104um; figure 530 shows the struc-

ture of these segments.

Adults: Unknown.

Material Examined: 1 nymph, Whangamoa River on Rt 6, approx. 5 km

northeast of the Whangamoa Saddle, South Island, Nov. 23, 1982.

Discussion: This single nymph from New Zealand is very similar to the

nymph of one of the undescribed Australian members of the genus, and is cha-

racterized by a greatly enlarged terminal seta on P-V (fig. 533). As was dis-

cussed for the single nymph of Oxus taken (page 18), the present specimen may

be in New Zealand as the result of chance dispersion rather than as part of an

established population. Unfortunately, only further collecting in New Zealand

will provide the answer. Members of this genus have been collected in West

Africa, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand, with species from the latter two

areas belonging to a distinctive species group in which the tips of the anterior

coxae are curved into semicircles (fig. 532).

Family MIDEOPSIDAE Koenike

Genus NUDOMIDEOPSIS Szalay

89. Nudomideopsis forkensis (Imamura)

(Figs. 534-537)

Mideopsis forkensis Imamura, 1977. Jour. Speleol. Soc. Japan, 2: ll.

Male: Dorsal shield 653um in length, 532um in width; dorsal shield darkly

pigmented except for the central area; dorsal shield oval, the arrangement of

the postocularia and glandularia better illustrated (fig. 535) than described; ven-

tral shield 669um in length, 562um in width; gonopore foreshortened in ventral

view; three pairs of acetabula; a short ridge on each side extending anterolater-

ally from region of the third coxae; epimeroglandularia 2 placed posterior to the

fourth coxae; a pair of glandularia on the lateral borders of fourth coxae; epim-=

eroglandularia 1 shifted anteriorly to suture line of first coxae; figure 537 shows

the morphology of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I,

20um; P-II, 48um; P-II, 43um; P-IV, lllum; P-V, 34um; P-IV simple, with-

out a ventral tubercle; the small ventral seta of P-IV is much more proximal in

location on the palp not illustrated; figure 536 shows the structure of the palp;

capitulum 934m in length; chelicera 110um in length; dorsal lengths of the dis-

tal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 46um; I-Leg-5, 79um; I-Leg-6, 98um;

figure 534 illustrates these segments; segments 2 and 3 of first three pairs of

legs with long ventral setae but no true swimming hairs; IV-Leg-5 with one long

seta which can be considered a Swimming hair.

Female: See Imamura (1977).

Material Examined: 1 &, Waikohatu Stream on Rt 12, in Waipoua State For-

est, northern North Island, May 29, 1981.

Discussion: Although the present male specimen is somewhat larger than

120 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Imamura's female mite (and typically males of a species are smaller than the

females), it agrees with the latter in general morphology. Until additional ma-

terial is collected and species placement possibly proven wrong, they are con-

sidered conspecific. Iam following Ian Smith's suggestion that Nudomideopsis

be given full generic rank. The occurrence of the genus in New Zealand is an

amazing bit of disjunct distribution. All other members are confined to the

holarctic region, with the bulk of the species endemic to Japan.

Family UCHIDASTYGACARIDAE Imamura

Subfamily MORIMOTACARINAE Imamura

Genus AUSTRAMIDEOPSOIDES, new genus

The new genus appears to belong to the Morimotacarinae but necessitates

revising the subfamily diagnosis as given by Cook (1974) as follows: Characters

of the family Uchidastygacaridae; a well developed genital bay present; genital

field either flanked by a pair of glandularia (epimeroglandularia 2) or these are

placed anterolateral to the genital field; palp not rotated; P-IV may or may not

be expanded but lacks a thickened ventral seta; claws present on fourth leg.

Generic Diagnosis: Characters of the subfamily Morimotacarinae; only the

first coxae sharp-pointed; outer margins of second and third coxae only slightly

extending in area of coxal tips; openings for insertion of fourth legs relatively

close together and with no projections; IV-Leg-1 long, much longer than IV-Leg-

6; posterior pairs of genital acetabula in male partially covered by fixed scle-

rites flanking the gonopore; anterior two pairs of acetabula well separated from

the posterior pair (fig. 541); palp five segmented, with a hyaline ventral projec-

tion on P-II (and P-III in the New Zealand species).

Type Species: Austramideopsoides serratipalpis, new species.

Discussion: Two species belonging to this genus are known from New Zea-

land and a third (undescribed) species, lacking the lateral projections on the dor-

sal shield, has been collected in Tasmania. The present new genus, plus an

additional new genus from Australia, exhibit character states which indicate a

closer relationship between the Mideopsidae and Uchidastygacaridae (and the

latter's subfamily Morimotacarinae) than was previously suspected. These re-

lationships will be discussed ina paper dealing with the Australian water mites.

90. Austramideopsoides serratipalpis, new species

(Figs. 538-543, 548, 549)

Male: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield 320

lum in length, 248um in width; dorsal shield oval and with a pair of lateral ridges;

three pairs of glandularia on the dorsal shield; postocularia lying somewhat me-

dial to first pair of glandularia; structure of dorsal shield as shown for the fe-

male; ventral shield 38lum in length, 277um in width; first coxae projecting be-

yond body and with a dorsal hood forming a camerostome; tips of second and

third coxae rounded; suture lines of fourth coxae Y-shaped; openings for inser-

tion of fourth legs relatively close together medially and without associated pro-

jections; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae lightly indicated; lateral edges

of ventral shield with sharp-pointed projections (fig. 539); epimeroglandularia

2 placed ina line with the anterior end of gonopore; genital field with three pairs

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 121

of acetabula, these arranged in two closely set anterior pairs which are well

removed from posterior acetabula; medial edges of gonopore sclerites extending

towards midline posterior to anterior groups of acetabula and partially covering

the posterior acetabula (fig. 541); genital field flanked by six pairs of setae; the

gonopore 454m in length; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 10um; P-

II, 38um; P-L, 19um; P-IV, 3lum; P-V, 15um; structure of palp as illustrated

and described for female; capitulum 90um in length; chelicera 87um in length;

capitulum with a relatively long rostrum as in the female; dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 4lum; I-Leg-5, 52um; I-Leg-6, 73um;

first leg as in female; first segment of fourth leg longer than the sixth segment;

swimming hairs absent.

Female: Dorsum as described for male; dorsal shield 344um in length, 266

4m in width; ventral shield 407um in length, 296um in width; except for geni-

tal field region, female ventral shield as described for male; capitular bay 34

4m in width; genital field with three pairs of acetabula lying on the ventral shield;

three or four setae on each side of acetabula (fig. 543); gonopore approximately

as wide as long, 38um in width; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 19

um; P-II, 37um; PIII, 2lum; P-IV, 33um; P-V, 16um; both P-II and P-III with

hyaline ventral projections of moderate length; ventral seta of P-IV hair-like and

located in proximal portion of segment; ventral edge distal to seta appearing ser-

rate; P-IVegradually tapering distally; figure 548 shows the proportions and chae-=

totaxy of the palp; capitulum 96um in length; chelicera 98um in length; figure

559 shows the prominent rostrum characteristic of this species; dorsal lengths

of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 4lum; I-Leg-5, 5lum; I-Leg-6,

76um; figure 540 illustrates these segments; swimming hairs absent.

Holotype: Adult o, from a tributary of the Wakamarina River, 7 km southeast

of Canvastown (off Rt 6), South Island, Nov. 5, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, headwaters of Whangamata Stream, 10 km northwest of

Taupo, North Island, Nov. 3, 1982.

Discussion: See remarks under the following species for characters which

will separate the known members of the genus.

91. Austramideopsoides ramsayi, new species

(Figs. 544-547, 550)

Female: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment reduced; dorsal shield

300um (277um-3llum) in length, 207um (19244m-233um) in width; dorsal shield

oval, with a pair of lateral ridges; three pairs of glandularia on dorsal shield;

postocularia placed anteromedial to the first pair of glandularia; figure 550 shows

a dorsal view of the mite; ventral shield 340um (333uUm-355um) in length, 24lum

(222um-25lum) in width; first coxae projecting beyond body and with a dorsal

hood forming a camerostome; capitular bay 24um in width; tips of second and

third coxae rounded; suture lines not distinct as in previous species; openings

for insertion of fourth legs relatively close together medially and without asso-

ciated projections; posterior suture lines of fourth coxae indistinct; epimero-

gelandularia 2 placed near these suture lines well anterior to genital field; pointed

projections on lateral edges of ventral shield; genital field with three pairs of

acetabula lying on the ventral shield; three or four setae on each side associated

with acetabulal region; gonopore small and somewhat longer than wide (27um in

width); figure 546 shows the structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the

palpal segments: P-I, 9um (8um-llum); P-II, 26um (25um-28um); P-ID, 15um

122 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

(l5um-18um); P-IV, 22um (2lum-27um); P-V, 12um (llum-l4um); hyaline pro-

jection on ventral side of P-II and P-III relatively long; ventral seta on P-IV

hair-like and located near distal end of segment; P-IV actually expanded to-

wards distal end; figure 545 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp;

capitulum 64um (6244m-72um) in length; chelicera 65um (62um-72um) in length;

rostrum much shorter than in previous species (fig. 547); dorsal lengths of the

distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 38um (36um-39um); I-Leg-5, 45um

(43um-45um); I-Leg-6, 69um (66um-69m); figure 544 illustrates these seg-

ments; Swimming hairs absent.

Male: Not known with certainty. A male, lacking mouthparts but with the

narrow body and narrow capitular bay found in females of the present species,

was collected in Potters Creek on Rt 6, between Bruce Bay and Lake Paringa

(north of Haast), South Island. I hesitate to assign it to the present species when

the more important taxonomic characters exhibited by the palp are not available.

If it is the male of vamsayi, the ventral shield is similar to that of the related

Species.

Holotype: Adult 2, headwaters of Whangamata Stream, 10 km northeast of

of Taupo, North Island, Nov. 3, 1982.

Paratypes: NORTH ISLAND: 3 9, same data as holotype; SOUTH ISLAND:

1, Whale Creek on Rt 6, west of Murchison, Nov. 7, 1982;19, Four Mile River

on Rt 6, between Charleston and Tiromoana, Nov. 8, 1982; 12, Adamson Creek

on Rt 6, between Lake Ianthe and Whanganui, Nov. 9, 1982; 12, MacLennan Ri-

ver at bridge on Aurora Creek Rd (Catlins State Forest area) between Puketiro

and Rt 92, Nov. 12, 1982.

Discussion: Presently, three species of Austramideopsoides are known.

An undescribed species from Tasmania differs in several characters but the

most obvious is a lack of projections on the sides of the ventral shield, a charac-

ter found in both New Zealand species.

As for characteristics separating the two New Zealand species, N. ramsayi

and N. serratipalpis, differences in the mouthparts are most useful. Compare

figures 545 and 548 for the differences in palps, and figures 547 and 549 for the

differences in length of the rostrum. The females of the present species also

have a proportionally narrower capitular bay and gonopore.

Family ARRENURIDAE Thor

Genus ARRENURUS Duges

92. Arrenurus zelandicus, new species

(Pies. 551, 552,: 555; 556)

Female: Integumental pigment absent, eye pigment developed; dorsal shield

745 um (714um) in length, 44lum (449um) in width; dorsal shield bearing the

postocularia and three pairs of glandularia; no dorsal tubercles on dorsal shield;

body pores very small, with two to six pores sharing a common subcuticular

opening; figure 555 shows a dorsal view; ventral shield 820um (79lum) in length,

510um (501um) in width; body oval, without projections or humps; anterior coxae

projecting beyond body; a few body pores present between the second and third

coxae, and medially between the third and fourth coxae; acetabular plates 364um

(380uUm) in width; gonopore 127um (125um) in length, 137uUm (133um) in width;

four pairs of long setae on lateral margins of fourth coxae; figure 556 shows the

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 123

structure of the ventral shield; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 24um

(22um); P-II, 59um (55um); P-III, 52um (48um); P-IV, 65um (63yum); P-V,

42um (4lum); figure 551 shows the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp; dor-

sal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, lllum (110um); I-Leg-

5, 110um (11l4um); I-Leg-6, 128um (136um); figure 552 shows these segments;

IV-Leg-3 with three swimming hairs, IV-Leg-4 with two or three swimming

hairs, IV-Leg-5 with four to six swimming hairs.

Male: Unknown.

Holotype: Adult 2, Kaituna River on Rt 6, 5 km south of Havelock, northern

South Island, Nov. 22, 1982.

Paratype: 12, same data as holotype.

Discussion: Until the male of this interstitial species is known, its affinities

will remain uncertain, but it does show characteristics which are considered

typical of Truncaturus.

93. Arrenurus (Arrenurus) stouti, new species

(Figs. 553, 554, 557-560)

Male: Integumental pigment present, eye pigment well developed; body, in-

cluding petiole, 973um (927um-1003um) in length, 638um (623um-684um) in

width; pygal lobes well developed and directed posteriorly; width between outer

margins of pygal lobes 486um (479um-502um); dorsal shield 44lum (445um-

516m) in width; dorsal furrow passing onto sides of body; non=-cauda portion of

dorsal shield bearing two pairs of glandularia, the second pair associated with

pointed dorsal humps; anterior end of body somewhat concave; a short, wide

hyaline appendage present; petiole 155um (15lum-155um) in length, 104m (110

um-118um) in width; petiole broadening posteriorly, with numerous, sharp

spine-like integumental projections on ventral side; structure of petiole better

illustrated (figs. 557, 559) than described; acetabular plates extending well up

onto sides of body; dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 34um (3lum-35

um); P-II, 69um (69um-76um); P-III, 65um (62um-66ym); P-IV, 864m (93um-

96um); P-V, 48um (50um-52um); palp similar to that illustrated for the female;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 162um (148um-

164m); I-Leg-5, 155um (148um-157ym); I-Leg-6, 222um (220um-244ym);

these leg segments proportionally longer than illustrated for the female and there

are numerous short ''swimming hairs" on I-Leg-6; IV-Leg-4 extending well be=

yond insertion of IV-Leg-5; swimming hairs present on second, third and fourth

legs. 7

Female: Dorsal and ventral shields present, dorsal furrow complete; dor-

sal shield 577um (548um-577um) in width; dorsal shield bearing the postocularia

and three pairs of glandularia, third pair of glandularia on small bumps; body

somewhat projecting anteriorly and concave between lateral eyes; lateral edges

of body with two pairs of well developed humps; ventral shield 942um (898um-

988um) in length, 796um (790Um-836um) in width; acetabular plates 562um

(5474m=578um) in width; gonopore 133um (135um-144y"m) in length, 130um (118

um-=133um) in width; genital valves with pigmented areas as shown in figure 558;

dorsal lengths of the palpal segments: P-I, 32um (3lum-34um); P-II, 74um (69

um-76um); P-III, 64um (62um-66um); P-IV, 97um (874m-95um); P-V, 50um

(48um-52um); figure 553 illustrates the proportions and chaetotaxy of the palp;

dorsal lengths of the distal segments of the first leg: I-Leg-4, 148um (148um-

150um); I-Leg-5, 144um (137um-14lum); I-Leg-6, 177um (173 um-177um); figure

560 illustrates these segments; swimming hairs present on second, third and

124 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

fourth legs.

Holotype: Adult o, from Lake Ianthe, on Rt 6 between Pukekura and Evans

Creek, South Island, Nov. 9, 1982.

Allotype: Adult 2, same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 3 0, 5 2, same data as holotype.

Discussion: The present species is related to two members of the typical

subgenus described by Stout (1953b). However, the much longer petiole and the

more projecting pygal lobes in the male of the present species are diagnostic.

NEW ZEALAND HYPORHEIC WATER MITES

It was not possible to employ the classic Karaman-Chappuis method for

collecting hyporheic (= interstitial) water mites in a majority of the New Zea-

land streams. Possibly as the result of a relatively constant rainfall throughout

most of the year which keeps the streams from becoming low, and the fact there

is a tendency for most of the streams to cut straight down rather than meander,

the exposed bars of loose sand and gravel needed for efficient sampling by the

Karaman-Chappuis method tend to remain under water. Collecting was done by

digging deeply into the submerged bars with a shovel, spreading the gravel out

in the more superficial waters and catching the organic material (and included

organisms) several feet downstream. Digging to this depth (12''-18") probably

does not sample the interstitial waters from as great a depth as when a hole is

dug in a gravel bar and the water bailed out, but is sufficiently deep to take a

large number of hyporheic forms. The main problem with this technique is that

it, of course, stirs up and captures hydrachnids from the more superficial wa-

ters at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to arbitrarily decide which

Species are interstitial. Those forms exhibiting loss of integumental pigmen-

tation and reduction or complete loss of eye pigment, so characteristic of the

hyporheic mites, almost certainly are from this habitat. However, it is known

from studies on interstitial mites from other parts of the world in which collect-

ing in exposed gravel bars is easier, that mites taken from the holes via the

Karaman-Chappuis method often contain species in which integumental pigment

and eye pigment are only slightly reduced. It is likely these species are in the

process of adapting to the interstitial water environment. These intermediates

present a problem in recognition when one collectes in the submerged gravel

bars and it is certain the list of interstitial species given below omits a number

of these borderline forms, for only those with obvious eye and integumental

pigmentation loss are included. The number in parentheses following the spe-

cies name is the one used for that species in the text.

NEW ZEALAND HYPORHEIC MITES: Euwandesia tenebrio (2); Limnesia

birgelda (22); L. testacea (23); L. halcarda (24); L. crowelli (25); Notohygro-

bates kathrynae (30); Hopkinsobates suzannae (31); Aciculacarus amilis (34);

Planaturus setipalpis (40); P. lundbladi (41); Taintaturus hopkinsi (42); T. acci-

dens (43); T. abditus (44); T. projectus (45); Abelaturus cornophorus (46);

Omegaturus longipalpis (47); Neotryssaturus pallidus (55); Pseudotryssaturus

anchistus (57); P. planus (58); Evidaturus exilis (63); E. scopticus (64); Piota-

turus alvecaudatus (65); P. bovalus (66); Paratryssaturus minutus (68); P. zo-

delus (69); Uralbia gracilipes (79); U. parva (80); U. projecta (81); Zelandalbia

imamurai (82); Neomomonia torquipes (83); N. hopkinsi (84); N. benova (85);

N. paramecia (86); Partidomomonia polyplacophora (87); Austramideopsoides

serratipalpis (90); A. ramsayi (91); Arrenurus zelandicus (92).

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 125

REFERENCES

Besch, W.

1964. Systematik und Verbreitung der siidamerikanischen rheophilen Hy-

drachnellen. Beitrage Neotrop. Fauna, 3: 77-194.

Cook, Diddy,

1974. Water Mite Genera and Subgenera. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. no. —

2l. pp. 1-860.

Hopkins, C.

1966a. A New Species of Limnesia (Acari, Hydrachnellae) from New Zea-

land. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 8: 1-4.

1966b. Two New Species of Water-mite (Acari, Hydrachnellae) from New

Zealand. op. cit., 8: MI1-117.

1967. New Genera and Species of Water Mites (Acari, Hydrachnellae)

from New Zealand. op. cit., 10: 33-44.

1969. New Species of Limnesia and Tryssaturus (Acari, Hydrachnellae)

from New Zealand. op. cit., ll: 89-92.

1975. New Species of Hygrobatidae and Lebertiidae (Acari: Hydrachnellae)

from New Zealand. Jour. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 5: 5-ll.

Hopkins, C. and H. K. Schminke

1970. A Species of Euwandesia (Acari: Hydrachnellae) from New Zealand.

Acarologia, 12: 357-359.

Imamura, T.

1977. Two New Water-Mites (Acari, Hydrachnellae) from Cave Waters in

New Zealand. Jour. Speleol. Soc. Japan, 2: 9-12.

1978. .A New Subgenus and Species of Troglobiontic Water-mite from New

Zealand. op. cit., 3: 41-43.

1979. One More New Subgenus and a New Species of Troglobionte Water-

mite from New Zealand. op. cit., 4: 27-29.

Lundblad, O

1947. Zur Kenntnis australischer Wassermilben. Ark. Zool. 40 A (2):

1-82.

Piersig, R. |

1906. Uber Susswasser-Acarinen von Hinterindien, Sumatra, Java und den

Sandwich-Inseln. Zool. Jahrb., Syst., 23: 321-394.

Stout Vs

1953a. Eylais waikawae n. sp. (Hydracarina) and some features of its life

history and anatomy. Trans. Royal Soc. New Zealand, 81: 389-416.

1953b. New species of Hydracarina, with a description of the life history

of two. op. cit., 81: 417-466.

Viets, K. O.

1978a. New Water Mites (Hydrachnellae: Acari) from Australia. Aust. J.

Mar. Freshwater Res., 29: 77-92.

1978b. Uber neue Wassermilben aus Australien (Acari, Hydrachnellae).

Ent. scand., 9: 265-278.

Walter, C. :

1929. Hydracarinen aus Java. Treubia, Buitenzorg, 11: 211-273.

126 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst. ‘vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Zelandothyas diamphida n. sp. (Female) Fig. 1, ventral view; Fig. 2, chelic-

era; Fig. 3, coxal area; Fig. 4, I-Leg-5 and 6; Fig. 5, genital field; Fig. 6,

dorsal view.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 127

Zelandothyas diamphida n. sp. (Female) Fig. 7, lateral view of capitulum, che-

licera and palp; Fig. 8, palp; Fig. 9, anterodorsal sclerites; Fig. ll, claws.

Euwandesia tenebrio Hopkins and Schminke (Nymph) Fig. 10, postocularia plate-

lets; Fig. 12, anterodorsal view; Fig. 13, provisional genital field; Fig. 14,

distal segments of first leg; Fig. 15 palp.

128 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Pseudohydryphantes bebelus n. sp. (Female) Fig. 16, ventral view; Fig. 17,

genital field; Fig. 18, distal segments of fourth leg; Fig. 19, palp; Fig. 20,

dorsal view; Fig. 21, chelicera.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 129

Pseudohydryphantes bebelus n. sp. Fig. 22, distal segments of first leg, ¢.

Apeltosperchon zelandicus n. sp. (Female) Fig. 23, distal segments of first

leg; Fig. 24, IV-Leg-5 and 6; Fig. 25, dorsal view; Fig. 26, palp; Fig. 27,

ventral sclerites; Fig. 28, lateral view of capitulum and chelicera.

130 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Anisitsiellides arraphus n. sp. (Female) Fig. 29, ventral shield; Fig. 30, dor-

sal shield; Fig. 3l, distal segments of first leg; Fig. 32, palp; Fig. 33, lateral

view of capitulum, chelicera and palp; Fig. 34, chelicera; Fig. 35, IV-Leg-

o and 6.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 131

Anisitsiellides partitus n. sp. (Female) Fig. 36, ventral shield; Fig. 37, dor-

sal shield; Fig. 38, IV-Leg-5 and 6; Fig. 39, chelicera; Fig. 40, lateral view

of capitulum, chelicera and palp; Fig. 41, palp; Fig. 42, distal segments of

the first leg.

132 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Flabellifrontipoda smithin. sp. (Female) Fig. 43, dorsal view; Fig. 44, lateral

view; Fig. 45, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp; Fig. 46, IV-Leg-

D0 and 6; Fig. 47, first leg; Fig. 48, ventral view; Fig. 49, palp.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 133

Flabellifrontipoda hadinoma n. sp. (Male) Fig. 50, dorsal view; Fig. 51, lateral

view; Fig. 52, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp; Fig. 53, first

leg; Fig. 54, palp; Fig. 55, IV-Leg-5 and 6; Fig. 56, ventral view.

134 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Flabellifrontipoda mastigophora n. sp. Fig. 57, lateral view, °; Fig. 58, dor-

sal view, ?; Fig. 59, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, ©; Fig.

60, first leg, 9; Fig. 61, palp, 2; Fig. 62, ventral view, °; Fig. 63, genital

flaps, “; Fig. 64, IV-Leg-5 and 6, &.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 135

Flabellifrontipoda lacustris n. sp. (Female) Fig. 65, ventral view; Fig. 66,

lateral view; Fig. 67, first leg; Fig. 68, palp; Fig. 69, dorsal view; Fig. 70,

lateral view of capitulum and chelicera; Fig. 71, IV-Leg-5 and 6.

136 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Flabellifrontipoda bravana n. sp. Fig. 72, first leg, o; Fig. 73, lateral view,

o; Fig. 74, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, “; Fig. 75, IV-Leg-

5 and 6, &; Fig. 76, dorsal view, 2; Fig. 77, ventral view, ¢.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 137

Flabellifrontipoda zelandica Hopkins (Female) Fig. 78, lateral view of capitu-

lum, chelicera and palp; Fig. 79, first leg; Fig. 80, palp; Fig. 82, lateral

view; Fig. 83, dorsal view.

Flabellifrontipoda bravana n. sp. Fig. 81, palp, %.

138 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Flabellifrontipoda zelandica Hopkins Fig. 84, ventral view, 2; Fig. 85, IV-

Leg-5 and 6, &.

Flabellifrontipoda ladilofa n. sp. (Male) Fig. 86, dorsal view; Fig. 87, IV-Leg-

5 and 6; Fig. 88, first leg; Fig. 89, ventral view.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 139

Flabellifrontipoda ladilofa n. sp. (Male) Fig. 90, lateral view; Fig. 91, palp;

Fig. 93, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp,

Flabellifrontipoda reductipalpa n. sp. (Female) Fig. 92, lateral view of capitu-

lum, chelicera and palp; Fig. 94, palp; Fig. 95, lateral view.

Flabellifrontipoda cramerin. sp. Fig. 96, palp, @.

140 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Flabellifrontipoda reductipalpa n. sp. (Female) Fig. 97, first leg; Fig. 98,

ventral view; Fig. 100, IV-Leg-5 and 6.

Oxus sp. (Nymph) Fig. 99, ventral view; Fig. 101, first leg; Fig. 102, palp;

Fig. 103, IV-Leg-5 and 6.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand | 141

Limnesia foldoma n. sp. Fig. 104, ventral sclerites, “; Fig. 105, palp, 9; _

Fig. 106, palp, “; Fig. 107, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, ¢;

Fig. 108, I-Leg-5 and 6, 2; Fig. 109, ventral sclerites, ?.

142 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 2], no. 2, 1983

Limnesia foldoma n. sp. Fig. 110, IV-Leg-5 and 6, Q&.

Limnesia reptans Hopkins (Male) Fig. lll, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera

and palp; Fig. 112, palp; Fig. 113, IV-Leg-5 and 6; Fig. 114, I-Leg-5 and 6;

Fig. 115, dorsal platelet; Fig. 116, ventral sclerites.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 143

Limnesia zelandica n. sp. Fig. 117, ventral shield, 2; Fig. 118, ventral shield,

o; Fig. 119, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, “; Fig. 120, dorsal

shield, 2; Fig. 122, I-Leg-5 and 6, ©.

Limnesia conroyin. sp. Fig. 121, I-Leg-5 and 6, ~%.

144 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 2l, no. 2, 1983

Limnesia conroyin. sp. (Male) Fig. 123, IV-Leg-5 and 6; Fig. 125, palp; Fig.

127, ventral shield; Fig. 128, dorsal shield.

Limnesia auspexa n. sp. Fig. 124, IV-Leg-5 and 6, 2.

Limnesia zelandica n. sp. Fig. 126, palp, ¢.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 145

Limnesia auspexa n. sp. (Female) Fig. 129, ventral shield; Fig. 130, dorsal

shield; Fig. 131, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp; Fig. 132, palp;

Fig. 133, I-Leg-5 and 6.

Limnesia birgelda n. sp. Fig. 134, palp, 2; Fig. 135, I-Leg-5 and 6, ¢.

146 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

aS RR

2% ea

—___.

Cad

Limnesia birgelda n. sp. Fig. 136, ventral shield, “; Fig. 137, IV-Leg-5 and

6, 2; Fig. 188, ventral shield, ¢; Fig. 140, dorsal shield, “; Fig. 141, lateral

view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, &.

Limnesia testacea Hopkins Fig. 139, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and

valo..

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 147

Limnesia testacea Hopkins Fig. 142, ventral shield, 9; Fig. 143, IV-Leg-5 and

6, o; Fig. 144, ventral shield, o; Fig. 145, I-Leg-5 and 6, &; Fig. 146, dor-

sal shield, 9; Fig. 147, palp, .

148 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Limnesia halcarda n. sp. (Male) Fig. 148, ventral shield; Fig. 149, IV-Leg-

5 and 6; Fig. 150, dorsal shield; Fig. 151, I-Leg-5 and 6; Fig. 153, palp.

Limnesia crowellin. sp. Fig. 152, palp, &.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 149

Limnesia crowellin. sp. Fig. 154, ventral shield, 9; Fig. 155, ventral shield,

Oo; Fig. 156, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, ¢; Fig. 157, dor-

sal shield, 2; Fig. 158, I-Leg-5 and 6, “; Fig. 159, IV-Leg-5 and 6, &.

150 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

CGY, }

)

i Y

nea. J Wy

Australiobates vietsin. sp. Fig. 160, ventral sclerites, $; Fig. 16]; palps. o%

Fig. 162, distal segments of first leg, ?; Fig. 163, ventral sclerites, “; Fig.

164, palp, &.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand Si

Australiobates setipalpis n. sp. Fig. 165, ventral sclerites, 2; Fig. 166, palp,

®; Fig. 167, distal segments of first leg, 9; Fig. 168, ventral sclerites, o;

Fig. 169, palo, °.

152 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Australiobates solomis n. sp. Fig. 170, ventral view, 2; Fig. 171, palp, 2.

Australiobates savanus n. sp. (Male) Fig. 172, distal segments of first leg;

Fig. 173, ventral view; Fig. 174, palp.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 153

Hopkinsobates suzannae n. sp. Fig. 175, dorsal shield, ¢; Fig. 176, distal seg-

ments of first leg, 2; Fig. 177, ventral shield, “; Fig. 178, lateral view of

capitulum, chelicera and palp, 2; Fig. 179, ventral shield, “; Fig. 180, palp,

154 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983 |

Notohygrobates kathrynae n. sp. (Male) Fig. 181, ventral sclerites; Fig. 182,

dorsal view; Fig. 183, chelicera; Fig. 184, distal segments of first leg; Fig.

185, palp.

Aspidiobates orbiculatus Hopkins Fig. 186, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera

and palo, <.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 155

Aspidiobates orbiculatus Hopkins (Female) Fig. 187, distal segments of first

leg; Fig. 188, dorsal shield; Fig. 189, ventral shield; Fig. 192, palp.

Aciculacarus papillosus Hopkins Fig. 190, palp, ©; Fig. 191, lateral view of

capitulum, chelicera and palp, ¢.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

156

(On.- Pe

| )

eee =

dorsal

Fig. 194

chelicera, “; Fig. 196, distal segments of first leg, ¢; Fig.

ct e

Aciculacarus papillosus Hopkins Fig. 193, ventral shield,

197, ventral shield, &.

Aciculacarus amalis n. sp. Fig. 198, palp, &.

view, 2; Fig. 195

157

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand

Fig.

distal segments of first leg;

(Male) Fig. 199

Aciculacarus amalis n. sp.

ventral view; Fig. 202, lateral view of capitulum,

Fig. 201

200, dorsal view;

chelicera and palp.

Zelandobates tornus n. sp

lateral view of capitu-

Fig. 203, palp, 9; Fig. 204,

6 if

lum, chelicera and palp,

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

158

oO; Fig. 208, ventral view, ¢.

Zelandobates tornus n. sp. Fig. 205, dorsal view, 2; Fig. 206, dorsal view, %;

Fig. 207, ventral view,

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 159

Zelandobates tornus n. sp. Fig. 209, distal segments of first leg, 9.

Zelandobates clevatus n. sp. Fig. 210, ventral view, “; Fig. 2ll, ventral view,

Qo; Fig. 212, palp, 9; Fig. 213, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, d..

160 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Zelandobates clevatus n. sp. Fig. 215, dorsal view, “; Fig. 216, dorsal view,

2; Fig. 218, distal segments of first leg, &.

Zelandobatella naias Hopkins Fig. 214, palp, ; Fig. 217, distal segments of

first leg, &. |

161

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand

dorsal view,

Fig. 222, ventral

Fig. 220

Oo:

lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp,

Zelandobatella naias Hopkins Fig. 219, ventral view,

Os Pig, Aas

view, &.

Zelandobates crinitus Hopkins Fig. 223, palp, &.

162 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Zelandobates crinitus Hopkins Fig. 224, ventral view, “; Fig. 225, dorsal view,

®; Fig. 226, dorsal view, “; Fig. 227, ventral view, &.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 163

Piona exigua Viets (Male) Fig. 228, ejaculatory complex; Fig. 230, IV-Leg-4;

Fig. 232, palp; Fig. 233, II-Leg-5 and 6; Fig. 234, I-Leg-5 and 6; Fig. 235,

ventral sclerites.

Zelandobates crinitus Hopkins Fig. 229, distal segments of first leg, 9; Fig.

231, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, &.

164 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Planaturus setipalpis n. sp. Fig. 236, dorsal view, *; Fig. 237, distal seg-

ments of first leg, 9; Fig. 238, palp, %; Fig. 239, fourth leg, o; Fig. 240,

palp, 9; Fig. 241, ventral shield, 2; Fig. 242, capitulum, ¢; Fig. 243, ven-

tral shield, ~.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 165

, N

\ VANES

/ Ks

5 a te at

Planaturus lundbladi n. sp. Fig. 244, palp, “; Fig. 245, palp, 9; Fig. 246,

capitulum, &; Fig. 247, fourth leg, o; Fig. 248, ventral shield, 9; Fig. 249,

dorsal view, “; Fig. 250, ventral view of P-III through V, “; Fig. 251, ven-

tral shield, ©.

166 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Taintaturus abditus n. sp. Fig. 252, ventral shield, %; Fig. 253, palp, “; Fig.

254, dorsal view, &; Fig. 255, fourth leg, o; Fig. 257, ventral view, ¢; Fig.

258, distal segments of first leg, ©.

Taintaturus accidens n. sp. Fig. 256, palp, ©.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 167

Taintaturus accidens n. sp. Fig. 259, ventral shield, “; Fig. 260, fourth leg,

oO; Fig. 261, dorsal view, “; Fig. 263, distal segments of first leg, &.

Taintaturus hopkinsi n. sp. Fig. 262, capitulum, ¢; Fig. 264, fourth leg, o;

Fig. 265, dorsal view, ~.

168 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Taintaturus hopkinsi n. sp. Fig. 266, ventral shield, ¢; Fig. 267, distal seg-

ments of first leg, 2; Fig. 268, ventral shield, “; Fig. 271, palp, ¢.

Taintaturus projectus n. sp. Fig. 269, ventral shield, 2; Fig. 270, palp, $;

Fig. 272, fourth leg, &.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 169

{! Pe SOY

yi \ a

cee ge

Taintaturus projectus n. sp. Fig. 273, ventral shield, “; Fig. 274, distal seg-

ments of first leg, 9; Fig. 275, dorsal view, ©.

Abelaturus cornophorus n. sp. Fig. 276, ventral shield, 9; Fig. 277, fourth

leg, 9; Fig. 278, dorsal view, 2.

170 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Omegaturus longipalpis n. sp. Fig. 279, distal segments of first leg, ¢; Fig.

283, lateral view of capitulum and palp, 2; Fig. 284, dorsal shield, “; Fig.

286, ventral view, ~.

Abelaturus cornophorus n. sp. Fig. 280, palp, 9; Fig. 281, ventral shield, ©;

Fig. 282, capitulum, 9; Fig. 285, distal segments of first leg, ¢.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 171

\ Z

aS s\ AB De J

we ei

2 C

Omegaturus longipalpis n. sp. Fig. 287, fourth leg, “; Fig. 290, ventral view, 2.

Tryssaturopsis asopos n. sp. Fig. 288, palp, 2; Fig. 289, dorsal view, ©; Fig.

291, distal segments of first leg, 9; Fig. 292, ventral shield, ©.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

172

ventral

. 295,

. 293, dorsal view, “; Fig

; Fig. 297, ventral shield, 9.

Tryssaturopsis novus (Hopkins) Fig

shield,

Tryssaturopsis asopos n. s

Fig. 296, ventral shield,

p. Fig. 294, fourth leg,

173

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand

Fig. 299, fourth

Oo:

Tryssaturopsis solivagus n. sp. Fig. 298, ventral shield,

leg, &; Fig. 302, dorsal view, ~.

Tryssaturopsis novus (Hopkins) Fig. 300, fourth leg, .

Tryssaturopsis parvicaudatus n. sp. Fig. 301, ventral shield, &.

174 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

C) Of 1 i

RES LYN oe

Os | to

Tryssaturopsis parvicaudatus n. sp. Fig. 303, lateral view of capitulum, che-

licera and palp, 9; Fig. 304, dorsal view, “; Fig. 305, fourth leg, ©; Fig. 307,

ventral shield, ~.

Pilosaturus villosus (Hopkins) Fig. 306, fourth leg, ©.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 175

Pilosaturus villosus (Hopkins) Fig. 308, dorsal view, &; Fig. 309, ventral

shield, ¢; Fig. 310, distal segments of first leg, 9; Fig. 31l, palp, 9; Fig. 312,

capitulum, 9; Fig. 313, ventral shield, &.

176 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

| POU y) Ses! re ie!

Tryssaturus spinipes Hopkins Fig. 314, dorsal view, “; Fig. 315, distal seg-

ments of first leg, 9; Fig. 316, ventral shield, “; Fig. 317, fourth leg, ©;

Fig. 318, ventral shield, 2; Fig. 319, palp, °.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand © 177

SP (Ae

( eae myer Co Pag e A\

ry Lert | bee ae 5

eere f

eure one

ee? eye

7- Pert

\ +

Neotryssaturus inusitatus (Hopkins) Fig. 320, ventral shield, %; Fig. 321, IV-

Leg-5 and 6, &; Fig. 322, fourth leg, &; Fig. 323, palp, 2; Fig. 324, ventral

shield, 2; Fig. 325, lateral view, ©.

178 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst. , vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Neotryssaturus pallidus n. sp. Fig. 326, distal segments of first leg, ¢; Fig.

327, fourth leg, 3 Fic. 330) palp, 2: Fig. 331, lateral view, o.

Neotryssaturus inusitatus (Hopkins) Fig. 328, distal segments of first leg, 9;

Fig. 329, dorsal view, ~.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand

Lig

“a - | oD

ela oy OE ee, S

7 ai

Se.

is)

Neotryssaturus pallidus n. sp. Fig. 332, dorsal view, &; Fig. 333, ventral

Shield, 2; Fig. 334, capitulum, 9; Fig. 336, ventral shield, ©.

Evidaturus exilis n. sp. Fig. 335, palp, 2

180 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Evidaturus exilis n. sp. Fig. 337, ventral shield, “; Fig. 338, dorsal view,

°; Fig. 340, fourth leg, “; Fig. 342, ventral shield, ¢.

Evidaturus scopticus n. sp. Fig. 339, capitulum and chelicera, Oo; Fig. 341,

palp, &.

181

Water Mites of New Zealand

Cook

ventral shield,

o; Fig. 348,

tat

Bp 3

Ses

‘o>

—

— rn

= -

7 oO

= =

= ws

ae.

ols

any

510

Of -«

Yo)

owe

ae)

ond

[xy

Evidaturus s

Fig. 345, distal segments of fourth leg, ¢.

ventral shield, &.

Piotaturus alvecaudatus n. sp.

182 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Piotaturus alvecaudatus n. sp. Fig. 349, ventral shield, ; Fig. 350, dorsal

view, 0; Fig. 351, palp, 9; Fig. 352, distal segments of first leg, 2; Fig. 353,

posterior view of genital field region, “; Fig. 354, fourth leg, “; Fig. 355,

capitulum and chelicera, &.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 183

\s Cee

ee ee

Piotaturus bovalus n. sp. (Female) Fig. 356, distal segments of fourth leg;

Fig. 357, distal segments of first leg; Fig. 359, palp; Fig. 360, dorsal view;

Fig. 361, ventral shield.

Piotaturus alvecaudatus n. sp. Fig. 358, ventral shield, ¢.

Pseudotryssaturus indentatus (Hopkins) Fig. 362, palp, &.

184 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

GOSS 5

Pseudotryssaturus indentatus (Hopkins) Fig. 363, ventral shield, oO Fis, 364,

distal segments of first leg, 9; Fig. 365, ventral shield, ?; Fig. 367, dorsal

view, &.

Pseudotryssaturus anchistus n. sp. Fig. 366, posteroventral view of genital

field, 9; Fig. 368, posteroventral view of genital field, ©.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 185

Pseudotryssaturus anchistus n. sp. Fig. 369, fourth leg, %; Fig. 370, distal

segments of first leg, 2; Fig. 371, palp, 9; Fig. 373, ventral shield, “; Fig.

374, ventral shield, @.

Pseudotryssaturus indentatus (Hopkins) Fig. 372, fourth leg, &%.

186 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Pseudotryssaturus anchistus n. sp. Fig. 375, dorsal view, ¢; Fig. 376, dor-

sal view, &%,

Pseudotryssaturus planus n. sp. Fig. 377, dorsal view, %; Fig. 378, distal

segments of first leg, 9; Fig. 379, palp; 2; Fig. 380, fourth leg, &%.

187

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand

, dor-

383, ven-

; Fig. 384

381, fourth leg, &;

ventral shield, 9; Fig

Fig.

» .

Fig. 382,

ventral shield

eS a RR

Pseudotryssaturus papillidermis n. sp.

Sal view, ©; Fig. 385,

Pseudotryssaturus planus n. sp.

tral shield,

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

188

9 ven-

; Fig. 388

oO;

, distal segments of first leg,

ydermis n. sp. Fig. 386, dorsal view,

; Fig. 389, palp, 2; Fig. 390, ventral shield,

Oy Pie. Ook, Oats. ey

Pseudotryssaturus papillidermis n. sp. Fig. 387

Pseudotryssaturus dict

tral shield

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 189

Pseudotryssaturus dictydermis n. sp. Fig. 392, ventral shield, @; Fig. 393,

distal segments of first leg, ¢; Fig. 395, fourth leg, ag

Pseudotryssaturus acutus n. sp. Fig. 394, fourth leg, o; Fig. 396, dorsal view,

Oo: Fig, oo ly Paley oe

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

190

(a)

—s ao

(a0) dp)

ao) ie

o) ee

S “

~ Oo

(op)

Pan =H

fae) is

e ord

cal fey

on 0

O+ me

—

‘a A

pad NN

Oo G

Ss 2

o =

. ov

ap >

segments of first leg, 2; Fig. 400

Pseudotryssaturus dapsilus n. sp. Fig. 401, ventral shield

segments of first leg, 2; Fig. 403, dorsal view,

Pseudotryssaturus acutus n. sp. Fi

191

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand

Pseudotryssaturus dapsilus n. sp. Fig. 404, fourth leg, o; Fig. 406, palp, §;

Fig. 408, ventral shield, °.

Paratryssaturus cantermus n. sp. Fig. 405

, palp, 2; Fig. 407, fourth leg, o;

Fig. 409, ventral shield, ¢.

192 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Paratryssaturus cantermus n. Sp. Fig. 410, ventral shield, “; Fig. 412, dor-

sal view, 0; Fig. 413, distal segments of first leg, ¢.

Paratryssaturus minutus (Hopkins) Fig. 411, fourth leg, o; Fig. 414, ventral

shield, o; Fie. 415, palp, ¢.

193

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand

Fig. 417, distal

Fig. 416, ventral shield

Paratryssaturus minutus (Hopkins)

segments of first leg, 9; Fig. 418, dorsal view, ©.

Paratryssaturus zodelus n. sp. Fig. 419

Oo; Fig. 420, distal

, ventral shield

segments of first leg, &; Fig. 421, dorsal view, ~.

194 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

ane

bie

, ] \ 0%

‘ aN his Ov,

Kritaturus jacundus n. sp. Fig. 422, distal segments of first leg, ¢; Fig. 423,

ventral shield, &; Fig. 425, dorsal view, “; Fig. 427, palp, ¢.

Paratryssaturus zodelus n. sp. Fig. 424, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera

and palp, “; Fig. 426, fourth leg, ©.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 195

Kritaturus jacundus n. sp. Fig. 428, dorsal shield, °; Fig. 429, ventral shield,

®; Fig. 430, fourth leg, o; Fig. 431, lateral view, %.

Kritaturus tenonus n. sp. Fig. 432, lateral view, &.

196 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Kritaturus tenonus n. sp. Fig. 433, dorsal view, “; Fig. 434, ventral shield,

Oo; Fig. 435, dorsal shield, 9; Fig. 436, ventral shield, °.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 197

hast awd \\|/ ee \

Lo Th

Kritaturus tenonus n. sp. Fig. 437, fourth leg, &; Fig. 438, palp, 9; Fig. 439,

distal segments of first leg, @.

Kritaturus rucabus n. sp. Fig. 440, lateral view, o; Fig. 441, ventral shield,

Oo; Fig. 442, dorsal view, ©.

198 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Kritaturus rucabus n. sp. Fig. 443, distal segments of first leg, o; Fig. 444,

fourth leg, &; Fig. 446, ventral shield, 9; Fig. 447, palp, “; Fig. 448, dor-

sal view, @.

Kritaturus uncipalpis n. sp. Fig. 445, fourth leg, &%.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 199

Kritaturus uncipalpis n. sp. Fig. 449, distal segments of first leg, 2; Fig. 450,

dorsal shield, 9; Fig. 451, ventral shield, 2; Fig. 452, dorsal view, “; Fig.

453, palp, 2; Fig. 454, ventral shield, “; Fig. 455, lateral view, ©.

200 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Kritaturus sornus n. sp. (Male) Fig. 456, posteroventral view of genital field;

Fig. 457, ventral shield; Fig. 458, dorsal shield; Fig. 459, fourth leg; Fig.

460, distal segments of first leg; Fig. 461, palp.

Kritaturus ianthus n. sp. Fig. 462, palp, 2.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 201

Kritaturus ianthus n. sp. (Female) Fig. 463, ventral shield; Fig. 464, distal

segments of first leg; Fig. 465, dorsal shield.

Kritaturus gennadus n. sp. Fig. 466, fourth leg, “; Fig. 467, ventral shield,

2; Fig. 468, dorsal shield, @.

202 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Kritaturus gennadus n. sp. Fig. 469, ventral shield, “%; Fig. 470, distal seg-

ments of first leg, 9; Fig. 471, dorsal shield, “; Fig. 472, palp, &.

Kritaturus dornarus n. sp. Fig. 473, fourth leg, “; Fig. 474, distal segments

of first leg, 2; Fig. 475, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, .

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 203

Kritaturus vinnulus n. sp. (Female) Fig. 476, ventral shield; Fig. 477, distal

segments of first leg; Fig. 478, dorsal shield; Fig. 479, palp.

Kritaturus dornarus n. sp. Fig. 480, ventral shield, “; Fig. 481, ventral

shield, @.

204 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Uralbia gracilipes n. sp. Fig. 482, ventral shield, ¢; Fig. 483, fourth leg, “;

Fig. 484, ventral shield, “; Fig. 485, dorsal shield, °; Fig. 486, dorsal

shield, o; Fig. 487, distal segments of first leg, .

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 205

Uralbia parva n. sp. (Male) Fig. 488, fourth leg; Fig. 489, ventral shield;

Fig. 490, dorsal shield; Fig. 493, palp.

Uralbia projecta Hopkins Fig. 491, lateral view of capitulum, chelicera and

palp,. ¥.

Uralbia gracilipes n. sp. Fig. 492, palp, ¢.

206 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Uralbia projecta Hopkins Fig. 494, fourth leg, o; Fig. 495, dorsal shield, 2:

Fig. 496, ventral shield, 9; Fig. 497, distal segments of first leg, 9; Fig. 498,

dorsal shield, “; Fig. 499, IV-Leg-4, ©.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 207

y TN

fp \ SLE NS

pao

Zelandalbia imamurain. sp. (Female) Fig. 500, dorsal shield, Fig. 501, ven-

tral shield; Fig. 503, first leg; Fig. 504, capitulum; Fig. 505, fourth leg.

Uralbia projecta Hopkins Fig. 502, ventral shield, @.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

208

Neomomonia torquipes (Hopkins) Fig. 506, ventral shield, ¢; Fig. 507, ventral

shield, *; Fig. 508, dorsal shield, “; Fig. 510, palp, 9.

Zelandalbia imamurain. sp. Fig. 509, palp, &.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 209

Neomomonia hopkinsi n. sp. (Female) Fig. 511, ventral shield; Fig. 512, dor-

sal shield; Fig. 514, palp; Fig. 515, distal segments of first leg.

Neomomonia torquipes (Hopkins) Fig. 513, distal segments of first leg, °.

Neomomonia benova n. sp. Fig. 516, distal segments of first leg, es

210 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Neomomonia benova n. sp. Fig. 517, ventral shield, ¢; Fig. 518, ventral shield,

Oo; Fig. 519, palp, 9; Fig. 520, dorsal shield, @.

Neomomonia paramecia n. sp. Fig. 521, dorsal shield, ©.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 211

Neomomonia paramecia n. sp. Fig. 522, palp, %; Fig. 523, ventral shield, &;

Fig. 524, distal segments of first leg, o; Fig. 526, ventral shield, ¢.

Partidomomonia polyplacophora n. sp. Fig. 525, palp, &; Fig. 527, dorsal

shield, o.

212 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Partidomomonia polyplacophora n. sp. (Male) Fig. 528, distal segments of the

first leg; Fig. 529, genital field; Fig. 531, ventral shield.

Momoniella sp. (Nymph) Fig. 530, distal segments of first leg; Fig. 532, ven-

tral shield.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 213

Momoniella sp. Fig. 533, palp, nymph.

Nudomideopsis forkensis (Imamura) (Male) Fig. 534, distal segments of first

leg; Fig. 535, dorsal shield; Fig. 536, palp; Fig. 537, ventral shield.

214 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

—__ Sees

—YaQyyy SS.

\ =, wv

Ts Coe

Austramideopsoides serratipalpis n. sp. Fig. 538, ventral shield, 2; Fig. 539,

ventral shield, “; Fig. 540, distal segments of first leg, 2; Fig. 541, genital

field area, *; Fig. 542, dorsal shield, 2; Fig. 543, genital field area, ¢.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 215

Austramideopsoides ramSayi n. Sp. (Female) Fig. 544, distal segments of first

leg; Fig. 545, palp; Fig. 546, ventral shield; Fig. 547, lateral view of capitu-

lum, chelicera and palp; Fig. 550, dorsal view.

Austramideopsoides serratipalpis n. sp. Fig. 548, palp, 2; Fig. 549, lateral

view of capitulum, chelicera and palp, ¢.

Arrenurus zelandicus n. sp. Fig. 551, palp, a

216 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Arrenurus Zelandicus n. sp. (Female) Fig. 552, distal segments of first leg;

Fig. 555, dorsal view; Fig. 556, ventral shield.

Arrenurus stoutin. sp. Fig. 553, palp, 9; Fig. 554, dorsal view, &.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand | 217

Arrenurus stoutin. sp. Fig. 557, dorsal view, “; Fig. 558, ventral shield, ¢;

Fig. 559, lateral view, “; Fig. 560, distal segments of first leg, 9.

218 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

562, Taintaturus hopkinsi n. sp., ?; Fig. 563, Taintaturus abditus n. sp., $;

Fig. 564, Taintaturus accidens n. sp., “; Fig. 565, Taintaturus projectus n.

sp., 9; Fig. 566, Abelaturus cornophorus n. sp., 2; Fig. 567, Omegaturus

longipalpis n. sp., 9; Fig. 568, Tryssaturopsis asopos n. sp., 92; Fig. 569,

Tryssaturopsis novus (Hopkins), &.

Photographs of dorsal shields. Fig. 561, Planaturus setipalpis n. sp., 9; Fig.

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand 219

Photographs of dorsal shields. Fig. 570, Tryssaturopsis parvicaudatus n. sp.,

?; Fig. 571, Tryssaturopsis solivagus n. sp., %; Fig. 572, Pilosaturus villo-

sus (Hopkins), 9; Fig. 573, Tryssaturus spinipes Hopkins, 9; Fig. 574, Neo-

tryssaturus inusitatus (Hopkins), ®; Fig. 575, Neotryssaturus pallidus n. , SDs,

?; Fig. 576, Evidaturus exilis n. sp., ?; Fig. 577, Evidaturus exilis n. sp., §;

Fig. 578, Piotaturus alvecaudatus n. sp., &.

220 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

Fig. 579, Piotaturus bovalus n. sp., 9; Fig.

Photographs of dorsal shields.

580, Pseudotryssaturus indentatus (Hopkins), 9; Fig. 581, Pseudotryssaturus

planus n. sp., 2; Fig. 582, Pseudotryssaturus anchistus n. sp., 2; Fig. 583,

Pseudotryssaturus anchistus n. sp., ¢; Fig. 584, Pseudotryssaturus papilli-

dermis n. sp., 9; Fig. 585, Pseudotryssaturus dapsilus n. sp., 9; Fig. 586,

Pseudotryssaturus acutus n. sp., 2; Fig. 587, Pseudotryssaturus dictydermis

hi Bias ¥

221

Cook: Water Mites of New Zealand

Photographs of dorsal shields Fig. 588, Paratryssaturus minutus (Hopkins), 2;

Fig. 589, Paratryssaturus zodelus n. sp., ©; Fig. 590, Paratryssaturus can-

termus n. sp., 9; Fig. 591, Kritaturus jacundus n. sp., ®; Fig. 592, Krita-—

turus tenonus n. sp., 2; Fig. 593, Kritaturus rucabus n. sp., 9; Fig. 594,

Kritaturus uncipalpis n. sp., 2; Fig. 595, Kritaturus sornus n. sp., ©; Fig.

596, Kritaturus ianthus n. sp., &.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 2, 1983

222

Kritaturus

599, Krit-

ig. 601,

~ &

(op) ee

wa Por

. n

fx, OF

one.

soe

S) en

® WITS

mo S/O

OHS

@ SI eb

= Ol.S

gq, ClO

D Nig

5 Ble

0 5|-

DN Silos

n Slo

® “MIO

ma Hleo

<ee

ame

gy ee

Q oF

at Sie

D py e

pod

est

ay OF =.

Tan

nH OO

na &

= a/e

oo |?

HS] |

SEE

5 s\2

fue

eae

ous

2256

- a0

eS as

Nis w—-

ae pI253

wie 4

‘St 3

Nic SERS

far con een ae

AIS |S

Ol Si 3

fe) aim

Glin

nj EIS

Pislo|O

4} Jao [CO

2/8) 8| .

s\el3 |

SL & |e

CIS) Sire

HIS Ke

Se oe Xn

of ole

co AIS on

ee aO ie

beg,

Py OP B

on 5 fy

Ot i)

~t, OF ®

° —

OF ene OS

nor &

e ~5 9

Sia a

S15 O'S

Hie St

Plo cs

AS &

Big S|

Sl EN

pe =

aor RTS)

gie 2S -

Sle 4 op

are

NI& act

f acetabula, ¢.

i0r view O

n. sp., poster

INDEX 223

* An asterisk indicates a synonym.

The main rererence is underscored.

abditus (Taintaturus) 48, 56 (key), 58, 60, 124,

figs. 252-255, 257, 258, 563

Abelaturus 50 (key), 52, 53, 61

accidens (Taintaturus) 56 (key), 58, 59, 124

figs. 256, 259-261, 263, 264

Aciculacarus 37

acutus (Pseudotryssaturus) 77 (key), 83, figs.

394, 396-400, 586

alvecaudatus (Piotaturus) 88, 90, 124, figs. 345,

349-355, 358, 578

amilis (Aciculacarus) 38, 124, figs. 198-202

anchistus (Pseudotryssaturus) 76 (key), 78, 80,

124, figs. 366, 368-371, 373-376, 582, 583

Anisitsiellidae 6

Anisitsiellides 6

Apeltosperchon 5

Apeltosperchontinae 5

arraphus (Anisitsiellides) 6, figs. 29-35

Arrenuridae 122

Arrenurus 1, 122

asopos (Tryssaturopsis) 65 (key), figs. 288, 289,

291, 292, 294, 296, 568

Aspidiobates 36

Aturidae 47

auspexa (Limnesia) 19 (key), 23, figs. 124, 129-

133

Australiobates 28, 29 (key)

Austramideopsoides 120, 122

bebelus (Pseudohydryphantes) 4, figs. 16-22

benova (Neomomonia) 115, 117, 124, figs. 516-520

birgelda (Limnesia) 19 (key), 24, 124, figs. 134-

138, 140, 141 ie

bovalus (Piotaturus) 90, 124, figs. 356, 357,

359-361, 579

bravana (Flabellifrontipoda) 9 (key), 13, figs.

72-77, 81 ae

cantermus (Paratryssaturus) 91 (key), figs. 405,

407, 409, 410, 412, 413, 590

Caudaturus 50 (key), 95, 96, 98, 103, 104

clevatus (Zelandobates) 43, 44, figs. 210-213,

215, 916, 218, 605

Coaustraliobates 29

conroyi (Limnesia) 19 (key), 22, figs. 121, 123,

125, 127, 136 nee

cornophorus (Abelaturus) 61, 124, figs. 276-278,

280-282, 285, 566

Corticacarus 39

Corticacarus-like mites 39, 45

crameri (Flabellifrontipoda) 8 (key), 16, 17,

Fig. 96 Hie

crinitus (Zelandobates) 39, 40, 43, figs. 223-

227, 229, 231 oe

crowelli (Limnesia) 19 (key), 27, 124, figs. 152,

154-159

dapsilis (Pseudotryssaturus) 77 (key), 84, figs.

401-404, 406, 408, 585 i

diamphida (Zelandothyas) 2, figs. 1-9, ll

Diamphidaxona 34, 35

dictydermis (Pseudotryssaturus) 77 (key), 81,

figs. 386, 388, 389-393, 395, 587 i

dornarus (Kritaturus) 96 (key), 97 (key), 105,

106, figs. 471, 473-475, 480, 481, 598

Euwandesia 3

Evidaturus 51 (key), 85

exigua (Piona, Piona uncata) 46, 47, figs. 228,

230, 232-235 me

exilis (Evidaturus) 85, 86, 87, 124, figs. 335,

337, 338, 340, 342, 576, 577

Eylaoidea 2

Flabellifrontipoda 1, 7, 8 (key), 10, 18

foldoma (Limnesia) 19 (key), 20, figs. 104-110

forkensis (Nudomideopsis, Mideopsis) 119, figs.

534-537 a

Frontipoda 8

gennadus (Kritaturus) 95, 96 (key), 97 (key), 104,

fies. 466-470, 472, 597 ‘bes

gracilipes (Uralbia) 107, 109, 124, figs. 482-487,

492, 600

Hygrobates 35

Hygrobatidae 28

Hygrobatides 35

Hydryphantidae 3

Hydryphantoidea 2

hadinoma -(Flabellifrontipoda) 9 (key), 10, figs.

50-56

halcarda (Limnesia) 19 (key), 26, 124, figs. 148-

151, 153 ae

hopkinsi (Neomomonia) 114, 124, figs. 511, 512, 514,

515

hopkinsi (Taintaturus) 55, 56 (key), 58, 60, 124,

figs. 262, 264-268, 271, 562, 602

hopkinsi (Zelandalbia) 49, lll, 112

Hopkinsobates 34, 35

ianthus (Kritaturus) 97 (key), 103, figs. 462-465,

596

imamurai (Zelandalbia) lll, 124, figs. 500, 501,

503-505, 509, 601

indentatus (Pseudotryssaturus, Tryssaturus) 75,

76 (key) 77, 79, figs. 362-365, 367, 372, 580,

603

inflatipalpis (Barwontius) 48

inusitatus (Neotryssaturus, Tryssaturus) 73, figs.

320-325, 328, 329, 574 oe.

jacundus (Kritaturus, Caudaturus) 96 (key), 97

(key), fies. 422, 423, 425, 428-431, 591

kathrynae (Notohygrobates) 33, 124, figs. 181-185

Kritaturus 50 (key), 95, 96

lacustris (Flabellifrontipoda) 9 (key), 12, 14, figs.

65-71

ladilofa (Flabellifrontipoda) 8 (key), 15, 17, figs.

86-91, 93

leptoglyphus (Notoaturus) 47

Limnesia 1, 19 (key), 21, 25, 26

Limnesiidae 19

longipalpis (Omegaturus) 63, 124, figs. 279, 283,

284, 286, 287, 289, 567

lundbladi (Planaturus) 54, 55, 124, figs. 244-251

Masabania 47, 48

mastigophora (Flabellifrontipoda) 9 (key), ll, figs.

57-64

Mideopsidae 119, 120

minutus (Paratryssaturus, Tryssaturus) 91 (key),

93, 124, figs. 411, 414-418, 588

Momonia 112

Momoniella 112, 118

Momoniidae 112

Momoniinae 117

Morimotacarinae 120

morimotoi (Zelandopsis) 49

naias (Zelandobatella) 39, 45, figs. 214, 217, 219-

222, 604 as

Neomomonia 112, 117, 118

Neotryssaturus 52 (key), 72, 73, 76

Notoaturinae 1, 47, 48, 49 (key), 71, lll

Notoaturus 47, 48

Notohygrobates 33

*novae-zealandiae (Piona) 46

novus (Tryssaturopsis, Tryssaturus) 64, 65 (key),

67, 69, figs. 293, 295, 297, 300, 567

Nudomideopsis 119, 120

224 INDEX

ochiepus (Notaxona) 48

Omegaturus 49 (key), 52, 53, 62, 63, 88

orbiculatus (Aspidiobates) 36, figs. 186-189, 192

Oxidae 7, 18

Oxus 18, 19, 119

pallidus (Neotryssaturus) 74, 124, figs. 326, 327,

330-934, 336, 575 =

papillidermis (Pseudotryssaturus) 76 (key), 81,

figs. 381, 384, 385, 387, 389, 390, 5847

papillosus (Aciculacarus) 37, 107, figs. 190, 191,

193-197 aun

Paracorticacarus 45

paramecia (Neomomonia) 116, 124, figs. 521-524,

526

Paratryssaturus 51 (key), 90, 91

parva (Uralbia) 109, 110, 124, figs. 488-490, 493

parvicaudatus (Tryssaturopsis) 65 (key), 66,

figs. 301, 303-305, 307, 570 ae

Partidomomonia 117, 118

partitus (Anisitsiellides) 7, figs. 36-42

Pilosaturus 51 (key), 69

Piona 1, 46, 47 we

Pionidae 46

Piotaturus 51 (key), 63, 71, 88, 89

Planaturus 49 (key), 52, 55, 88, 111

planus (Pseudotryssaturus) 76 (key), 79, 80, 124,

figs. 877-380, 382; 383, 581°.”

polyplacophora (Partidomomonia) 117, 118, 124,

figs. 525, 527-529, 531 oes

Procorticacarus 39

projecta (Uralbia) 107, 108, 109, 110, 124, figs.

491, 494-499, 502 Heal

projectus (Taintaturus) 56 (key), 60, 124, figs.

269, 270, 272-275, 565 ee

Pseudohydryphantes 4

Pseudohydryphantinae 4

Pseudotryssaturus 52 (key), 75,

pseudouncata (Piona) 47 San

ramsayi (Austramideopsoides) 121, 122, 124, figs.

544-547, 550 oe

reductipalpa (Flabellifrontipoda) 8 (key), 17, figs.

92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100 ns

reptans (Limnesia) 19 (key), 21, figs. 111-116

Rhynchaturus 38 a

rucabus (Kritaturus, Caudaturus) 96 (key), 97

(key), 100, figs. 440-444, 446-448, 593

savanus (Australiobates) 29 (key), 30, figs. 172-

174

schmitzi (Apeltosperchon) 6

scopticus (Evidaturus) 87, 124, figs. 339, 341,

343, 344, 346-348

serratipalpis (Austramideopsoides) 120, 124,

figs. 538-543, 548, 549 ie

setipalpis (Australiobates) 29 (key), 31, figs.

165-169 aie

setipalpis (Planaturus) 52, 53, 55, 124, figs.

236-243, 561 a

smithi (Flabellifrontipoda) 8 (key), 9, figs. 43-

solivagus (Tryssaturopsis) 65 (key), 68, 69, figs.

298, 299, 302, 571

solomis (Australiobates) 29 (key), 32, figs. 170,

171

sornus (Kritaturus) 96 (key), 102, figs. 456-

461, 595 ara

sp. (Momoniella) 118, 119, figs. 530, 532, 533

sp. (Oxus) 18, figs. 99, 101-103

Sperchontidae 5

spinipes (Tryssaturus) 71, 74, figs. 314-319, 573

stouti (Arrenurus) 123, figs. 553, 554, 557-560

Stygomomonia 112

suzannae (Hopkinsobates) 34, 35, 124, figs. 175-

180

Taintaturus 50 (key), 52, 53, 55, 88, Ill

tasmanica (Frontipoda) 8

tenebrio (Euwandesia) 4, 124, figs. 10, 12-15

tenonus (Kritaturus, Caudaturus) 95, 96 (key), 97

(key), 99, 101, figs. 432-439, 592

testacea (Limnesia) 19 (key), 25, 124, figs. 139,

142-147 ae

tornus (Zelandobates) 41, figs. 203-209

torquipes (Neomomonia, Stygomomonia) 112, 113,

124, figs. 506-508, 510, 513 ai

Tryssaturopsis 50 (key), 64

Tryssaturus 52 (key), 64, 71, 73, 76

tumidipalpis (Austraturus) 48

Uchidastygacaridae 120

uncata (Piona) 47

Uncatiformis (Piona) 47

uncipalpis (Kritaturus, Caudaturus) 96 (key), 101,

figs. 445, 449-455, 594

Uralbia 51 (key), 107, lll, 112

vietsi (Australiobates) 29 (key), figs. 160-164

villosus (Pilosaturus, Tryssaturus) 69, 70, figs.

306-313, 572 ug

vinnulus (Kritaturus) 97 (key), 106, figs. 476-479,

599

Wandesiinae 3

Zelandalbia 51 (key), lll

zelandica (Flabellifrontipoda 9 (key), 14, figs.

78-80, 82-85 i

zelandica (Limnesia) 19 (key), 21, 23, 26, figs.

117-120, 122, 126 ik

zelandicus (Anisitsiellides) 6

zelandicus (Apeltosperchon) 5, 6, figs. 23-28

zelandicus (Arrenurus) 122, 124, figs. 551, 552,

555, 556 we

Zelandobatella 44, 45

Zelandobates 39, 44, 45

Zelandopsis 50 (key)

Zelandothyadinae 2

Zelandothyas 2

zodelus (Paratryssaturus) 91 (key), 94, 124, figs.

419-421, 424, 426, 589 ins

Ags

Pay i

= hfs

ro a e _ -

Contributions

of the

American Entomological Institute

Volume 21, Number 3, 1984

wet

NOTES ON NEOTROPICAL TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) XxX.

THE LARGER SPECIES OF TABANUS

OF EASTERN SOUTH AMERICA

G. B. Fairchild

NOTES ON NEOTROPICAL TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) XX,

THE LARGER SPECIES OF Beh.

OF EASTERN SOUTH AMERICA ’

ae.. Bae Pareobe ie

Department of Entomology and Nematology

University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 326ll

ABSTRACT

Thirty-four large species of Tabanus are discussed, keyed and many

illustrated. Distribution maps based on material seen are provided for all

species. Seven new species are recognized: Tabanus aaptusn, sp Brasil;

Amazonas, Manaus; T. antunesin. sp. Brasil; Bahia, Ilheus; T. duckei

n. sp. Venezuela; Mt. Marahuaca and Colombia, Caqueta; T. humboldti

n. sp. Brasil; Mato Grosso and Amazonas, Manaus; T. itaituba n. sp.

Brasil; Para; T. nematocallus n. sp. Brasil; Amazonas, Manaus and

Venezuela, Peru and Golombia; T. xuthopogonn. sp. Peru: Iquitos, Loreto

Ecuador; Limoncocha, Brasil, Para. T. casteetus nom. nov. is proposed

for T. testaceus Macq. preocc., and several new synonymies are proposed.

INTRODUCTION

This review started as an attempt to provide a key for the identification

of the larger species of Tabanus known from the Amazon basin. In the course

of its preparation a number of new species have turned up and certain species

thought to be well known and easily recognized have turned out to be complexes

of closely similar taxa. It has also proved difficult to decide which species

to include and which to omit. I have tried to include all species of Tabanus

averaging over 15 mm in length, with unpatterned eyes in life, without a

strong scutellar black spot or a long appendix at fork of third vein, and which

occur east of the main range of the Andes and north of the Argentine border.

Species of the lineola group, with striped abdomens and banded eyes are

being treated elsewhere. Species related to Tabanus sorbillans, with a long

appendix at fork, and those with banded eyes and a more or less evident

scutellar black apot, suchas T. antarcticus, are omitted. Another group

of mainly Andean and West coast distribution with strong central American

representation, typified by Tabanus subruber, T. bigoti, T. hirtitibia etc:

has one or two species entering the western borders of the Amazon basin,

l rlorida Agricultural Station Journal Series No. 4626.

2Research Associate, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Fla. Dept.

of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and Museum of Comparative

Zoology, Harvard University.

3This work supported by National Science Foundation Grant DEB 8211808.

2 Contrib. Amer. Pat. Inst... vol.Zi. no, 5, 1964

but is not treated here as the bulk of the species are Central American.

One isolated Central American species T. punctipleura Hine is included

because of its apparent similarity to T. nebulosus and T. olivaceiventris

which extend into the Amazon basin. Five species described by Krober and

listed in the catalogue (Fairchild 1971) as unrecognized have been reassessed

on the basis of their descriptions--the types of all are destroyed or in- |

accessible--but without enlightenment. The same applies to T. rubidus

Macq. whose type is headless. Some of these may be synonyms of species

treated here, and very likely of species described here as new species, but

I prefer the relative certainty of a name based ona series of good fresh

specimens to one based on an unfigured inadequate description of a single

damaged specimen which is now lost.

Efforts to divide the unwieldy genus Tabanus have been numerous but

largely unsuccessful, as can be seen from the synonymy given in Moucha

(1969) or Fairchild (1971). Such efforts will, and probably should, continue,

but should not be undertaken without a thorough knowledge of the world fauna.

The species here considered may be divided into several ill-defined

groups which seem to share a few characters of possible phylogenetic

interest. J briefly discuss them here to call attention to their possible future

consideration in any efforts to divide Tabanus into more manageable groups.

T. xenorhynchus group. This includes species with unusually long

proboscis, slender flattened palpi, small frontal callus, and usually con-

trastingly patterned wings and body. Some of the species are known to be

arboreal, and others may be. It includes T. xenorhynchus Fchld. from

Central America, basilaris Krob., subviolaceus Fchld. and sannio Fchld.

from Brasil and T. unimacula Krob. from Surinam and Ecuador.

T. piceiventris Rond. may also be related here, as it has similar head

structures, but lacks wing and body patterns and is not arboreal.

T. nebulosus group. These species have a moderately narrow and

generally nearly parallel sided frons with slender clavate or ridge-like

callus and a fairly prominent black pilose prescutellar spot. Nebulosus

and ssp. ornativentris, glaucus, importunus, olivaceiventris, comosus,

guyanensis, punctipleura and perhaps lutzi and corpulentus belong here. The

abdomens generally lack any pattern beneath.

The pellucidus group contains species with very narrow frons conver-

gent below, threadlike black callus, abdomen generally with a broad dark

pilose median stripe below and often median and dorsolateral pale spots

dorsally, The wings have first posterior cell often narrowed or closed,

antennae black and usually with a prominent dorsobasal tooth. Species

included are; pellucidus, amazonensis, augustifrons, discus; crassicornis,

xuthopogon, discifer, nematocallus and probably fuscus.

The fortis group. [his appears to include but 3 species, fortis,

casteetus and aaptus, with similar narrow frons and head characters,

patternless abdomens, no prescutellar spot, and brown tinted wings. All

3 are large stout species with entirely orange antennae. T. itaituba may go

here also, though its slender long spined antennae are rather distinctive.

The indecisus group contains only indecisus and antunesi. Both have

a distinct round basal callus, slender black antennae, bicolored legs and

bicolored fore tibiae, and abdomens with a middorsal row of pale pilose

triangles.

G. B. Fairchild; Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 3

The remaining 3 species, duckei, humboldti and aurora, do not seem to

belong in any of the groups above, nor to be clearly related to each other.

Names of museums where type material is to be deposited are abbre-

viated as follows: British Museum (Natural History) London, England:

B.M.; National Museum of Natural History; Washington, D-C,:° U.S.N.M.;

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.: M,C,.Z.; Instituto

Nacional de Pesquizas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brasil,: IL.N.P.A.; Museu

Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brasil,: Mus. Goeldi; Florida

State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville: F,S,C.A.; American Museum of

Natural History, New York: A,M,.N.H.; California Academy of Sciences,

San PF ranciscor G A753.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the summer of 1981 my wife and I had the good fortune to spend two

months in the lower Amazon basin under the auspices of the Instituto Nacional

de Pesquizas da Amazonia (INPA) and the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. I

am greatly indebted to William L. Overal of the Museu Goeldi, who arranged

my trip to Brasil and to Inocencio S. Gorayeb whose great kindness and

knowledge of the area around Belém made our stay at Museu Goeldi exceeding-

ly interesting and profitable. To Jose Albertino Rafael of INPA Iam

indebted for much assistance both in the field and laboratory at Manaus. His

discerning eye first noted some of the complexities encountered with the

Tabanus pellucidus group. Jorge Arias, also at Manaus, was of inestimable

help in dealing with officialdom and his loan of some of his trained personnel

greatly helped our efforts to collect horse flies in the forest canopy. It is

the long series of many species secured through the cooperation of these

friends and colleagues which largely form the basis of this publication.

KEY TO FEMALES

i Frons very narrow and convergent below, frontal index

10 or greater, divergence index greater than !. 7.

Frontal callus a slightly clavate ridge. At least third

antennal segment wholly velvety black. No appendix

at Gees POE e Vetter hae hr eM kt kel ta, ca eee aoe

Frons broader, index generally less than 8, and without

tae abeve combination Of Charactets 1. 5s. .s «ee we Oe

ae First posterior cell of wing open, at most slightly

porrowed TOWa rts Svine Mia tele. os eS we 1a me ee) ee a

First posterior cell strongly narrowed, closed or petiolate.

Wings heavily fumose or veins brown margined ...... 8

Ee Wings hyaline, at most the costal cell faintly yellowish

IMR O25, 7 ga eri eae nd Cah) IN ar ce a Nea ea Ra tia Pi ah Serer a aN ee TRE

Wings brownish tinted or the veins brown margined or

basal 2/3 of wing blackish. Costal cell strongly

Air oh COMO i eg Og ag eS ee hs oa Cate iw Thee at aa es 5

4, Antennal tooth long, several times longer than its basal

width. Prescutellar black spot prominent, margined

8(2).

Contrib. Aner. bot. test... vol. dts: no. 35. 1984

laterally with white hair tufts. Abdomen with 3 rows of

prominent white pilose spots. Costal cell hyaline,

rie CU ED Sl ec ae GA shies te Matis latin celica te, we bin ede OnGR Sis

Antennal tooth short, not longer than its width at base.

Prescutellar black spot obscure, without prominent

lateral white hair tufts. Median abdominal white pilose

spots weak, often not evident, dorsolateral spots small

but prominent. Costal cell yellow to orange, clearly

contrasting with rest.of Wind (oi %.) 6 lea 2 6, angustifrons

Beard and pleural pilosity yellowish to orange brown. ..... 6

Genihd ane pleural sonosily white tO pray)... ok ae ee ee a

Wings with basal 2/3 to end of discal cell dark brown to black,

with centers of some cells paler. Third antennal segment

often reddish basally. Mesonotum and scutellum with

abundant orange hairs. Abdomen black with prominent

white pilose dorsolateral spots, but median triangles faint

or absent. Frontal index often less than 10 ....,.. discifer

Wings faintly brownish tinted, the costal cell yellow to orange,

but no extensive basal black coloring. Third antennal

segment wholly black. Mesonotum and scutellum brown

with brown pollinosity and yellowish hairs. Abdomen brown,

black haired, with or without median and dorsolateral

Vellow tO GraBee Ito Se. spOle 2 Leki. io ae tos eo MUL wopogon

Abdomen brown, black haired, at most faint vestiges of pale

hair fringes on hind margins or elongate median pale

pilose triangles, but without dorsolateral spots. ... discus

Abdomen brown to black, with large and prominent pale

pilose round dorsolateral spots and smaller pale pilose

median triangles on at least terga Zto5 .. « . eCragssicornis

Abdomen dark brown to black, bluish pruinose. Beard and

pleural pilosity yellow to brown. Abdominal pale pilose

markings limited to dorsolateral spots on terga 2 to 5,

often absent. Dorsal antennal tooth often longer than

width at base. Antennae sometimes brown. Frontal

Ingex Peneratiy tess tae 0 ey ele ea & eas os Boe . SUSCUS

Beard and pleural pilosity gray to white. Median dorsal

abdominal triangles often present. Frontal index

hg Mere ose e Ca ee te 6) Ras ae eee eer aa ee ae a ge cy

Legs, thorax and abdomen with brown integument, the scutellum

often reddish apically. Pale pilose abdominal spots large,

both median and dorsolateral spots equally prominent in

udenuded @Peer ens 1ais))s ails wna we are wisps + pellucidus

Legs, thorax and abdomen with black integument. Pale

pilose abdominal spots reduced, the median spots often

absent, the dorsolaterals small, weak and often evident

only on terga 3 to 4, rarely wholly absent ... nematocallus

10(1).

Lee

Lariay,

14,

G. B. Fairchild; Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 5

Proboscis unusually long, nearly head height, the stylets

at least twice length of palpi, the latter long, flattened

and with an acutely drawn out apex. Wings with a dark

pattern, sometimes faint, All legs entirely black. .... 11

Proboscis not greatly exceeding palpi, or if so, then palpi

short, legs not wholly dark or a dark pilose spot on

PIVSCure a ee ak aye oe ak Pe eee eee e eeere mh ete EO

Abdomen without conspicuous white median triangles; at most

with vestiges of pale hairs on first and second terga,

Sterna orange or yellow pilose. Wing with at most

costal cell, basal cells and a streak along R243 to fork more

or less infuscated. Mesonotum not conspicuously

ERT ee 4 1 ae a ae A Re eae, Ae ee aticw ba ee

Abdomen with conspicuous white dorsal markings; ventrally

white or black and white pilose. Wings with a more

extensive dark pattern, at least with dark clouds at ends

of basal cells. Mesonotum with white stripes or spots. . . 13

Frons narrower, index + 6. Prescutellum with a small black

pilose patch, bounded laterally with short orange hairs.

Scutellum with orange hairs laterally and apically, other-

wise dorsal surface of brown mesonotum and abdomen

wholly black pilose contrasting with orange pilose

abdonvinial wenter 4° el Pa ay one a cee eT nieeivent ris

Frons broader, index 5.6. Prescutellum without such a

.black pilose patch. Mesonotum with faint pale pollinose

patches at ends of transverse sutures. Abdomen with

faint vestiges of orange mid-dorsal pilose triangles on at

least first 2 terga but venter black pilose. . .. subviolaceus

Scutellum dark brown, dark pollinose and black pilose. Wings

with costal and basal cells and all veins at base of wing

including those at apex of basal cells more or less infus-

cated. Mesonotum with 3 slender whitish stripes and white

hair tufts on margins of mesonotum posterior to wing bases.

Abdomen with a middorsal row of small white pilose triangles

on terga | to 5, largest on 4, and with more or less evident

white pilose posterolateral angles of terga lto4......

ae ae Me a ee eo ee a ee a a ee a ee ee Regt

Scutellum extensively white pilose. Wings with a conspicuous

dark pattern. Mesonotum and abdomen with more

extensive wiitte patterns 0 i,t Oda marty wrest. wo. 2 a PS

Scutellum entirely white pollinose and pilose. Frons

bicadet,* tds tee thaw ole 4 SS eee Ss

Scutellum basally blackish, only margin white. Frons

narrower, index greater than 6.5. Mesonotum brown,

margined with white pilosity and with 2 narrow faint whitish

dorsal stripes. Abdomen with small white pilose triangles

on terga 1 and 2, 4 to 6, that on 4 much larger than the

others. Wing light brown in basal and anal area and distal

TS.

16(10).

18;

19.

Contrib, Aimer. biti Jaeti<. vol. 2ly\nmo.. 35-1984

to end of stigma, fork, and discal cell, leaving area

between ends of basal cells and fork of third vein and

end of discal cell transparent. All crossveins

surrounded by much darker large blackish clouds .

ols ee a aa as Ce eR 8 ee eno rhynchus

Frons broader, index 4.3-4.6. Mesonotum blackish with a broad

median white pollinose and pilose stripe the width of

scutellum covering its whole length. Abdomen with terga l

wholly white pilose, terga 2 and 4 with large white median

triangles the length of their segments, 3, 5 and 6 with

smaller white triangles and all terga with narrow white hind

margins broadened at sides to nearly length of segments.

Wings hyaline with dense black spots on all crossveins, a

spot near apices of marginal and first submarginal cells,

and small discrete spots in middle of discal cell and all

posterior-ceélle... . 626 : Cotes ose Pictese sa) SATNIO

Frons narrower, index 5 or Lae Mesonotum zai white |

pilose with a faint broad middorsal dark streak, Abdomen

black above and below with a white trapezoid dorsally on

tergum 4 only.Wings basally infuscated to end of stigma and

with a spur to fork of third vein. Discal and 2nd basal cells

SU lived esc ent as hi Gens Boke e as, Sw ae S tindmaeula

With a well marked black pilose prescutellar spot framed

laterally with tufts of paler hair and/or pollinosity .... 17

Wi bawm Ine Was Ol i is et a ie ea Be eG ea 20

Wings with strong dark clouds surrounding all crossveins and

fork of 3rd vein. First posterior cell more or less

strongly narrowed or coarctate but not closed. Fore

tibiae bicolored, paler at base than apex and remaining

tibiae paler, at least basally, than respective femora.

Abdomen brown with a more or less complete middorsal

integumental black stripe or series of spots and whitish

dorsolateral oblique pilose dashes»)... ..0.4:.°% »,ornativentris

Wings at most with veins diffusely brown margined, or darker

pasally.Or forcwithvsmeallendaweakcloud 4 ue pee. 6 a! 18

Abdomen, when undenuded, dorsally without median or dorso-

lateral pale pilose spots, patches or median triangles ... 19

Abdomen when undenuded with discrete pale pollinose markings

and sometimes also with dark integumental markings. .. .21

Antennae with a long forward pointing dorsal spine on basal

plate. Wings uniformly light brown. Proboscis but slightly

exceeding palpi. Pleura with conspicuous black hair tuft

below wing base. Abdomen black, bluish pruinose, black

pilose, the posterolateral corners of terga 1 to 4 or 5

withsereamy. hair tufts. wo. : pe i punctipleura

Antennae with at most an acute howaut sie oe re much — €3-

ceeding palpi. Pleura with at most a weak. dark hair tuft. . 20

20;

21(18).

Bee

Gas

24,

25(23).

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) b

Abdomen with integument light to dark brown, occasionally with

a black streak on first 2.terga, wholly black pilose dorsally,

orange to yellow pilose ventrally. Antennae very dark

brown to black. Pleura and beard yellowish gray to black,

Wings with basal and costal cells, area below stigma and

a streak along 3rd vein to fork more or less blackish

PUG POR. Ware! Som lies a wee aiiee i, a ge te eee Vee IVe RET TE

Abdomen orange brown in ground eee dorsally orange pilose

except in the middle of terga 4 to 7, where the pilosity

is increasingly black. Pleura and beard yellowish brown,

legs black, antennae orange with dusky style, callus

clavate, wings clear, slightly brown tinted in costal

Cell alk DaSatly sw 40k Oe i SR eg! eke ce ee

Abdomen light yellow to leaf green in ground color with a faint

median and a pair of dorsolateral pale haired stripes or

rows of spots. Legs yellowish brown. Wings glass clear

or the veins weakly brownish margined. Mesonotum pale

pray pollinose . 4° %.« : Jib & apace 2 Olvaceiventrice

Abdomen not green, Gaus ity Brey an tees pattern

DE EO GN eo iat gb, a sae fa ales wade can gc Oe wel ea ea tere Leal ol ge

Abdomen with a middorsal black pilose stripe which may be

underlain by a dusky integumental stripe or series of spots.

Broad interrupted dorsolateral stripes or rows of orange

pilose spots on terga 1 to 5 or 6 are bordered outwardly

by black pilose stripes and extreme lateral borders of terga

1 to 5 pale pilose. Palpi extremely short and broad. Wings

with faint cloud at fork and more or less infuscation below

SU INIA. sis. x ative Laie ae » eovype « mportunus

Abdomen with at font seuith es of ate witoes median

Re et te ae ks ees tog ihe gl el eae ak aera eae ge ok OWS gare ee

Mesonotum with a dorsolateral pair of dark stripes or abdomen

with large and conspicuous white pilose median triangles. . 24

Mesonotum not conspicuously striped and median abdominal

triangles small, inconspicuous or yellowish . . 3... 2 + « 25

Wing glass clear. Mesonotal stripes faint. Abdomen witha

median row of short equilateral white pilose triangles and

broad dorsolateral white pilose stripes from terga 1 to 5

or 6. Legs entirely pale, white pilose. Palpi white,

wholly white pilose. ... OLE OE ae I ER a es OO

Wing with costal cell orange, Pe stots and basal cells dusky.

Mesonotal dark stripes conspicuous. Abdomen with tall,

conspicuous white median triangles on terga 1 to 4 and

slender interrupted white pilose dorsolateral stripes.

Legs dark brown to black, mainly black pilose. Palpi

yellowish, often partially black pilose ...... . guyanensis

Mesonotum and scutellum with blackish integument, slightly

bluish pollinose. Abdomen dark brown with nearly always

26(16).

ZA.

20.

ao.

30(27).

Contrio. Aner, int, Inst. .; vol. 21, no. 3, 1934

a black integumental median triangle on first 2 terga.

All femora usually black, contrasting with reddish

tibiae. Wings smoky, the costal cell orange, but no

spot at fork of 3rd vein. Median abdominal triangles

yellow, slender, nearly forming a stripe. Dorsolaterals

a row of orange pilose spots. Frons parallel sided or

slichtly marrowed above .-% . Stee ie ua ay Gene wwe eee 6

Mesonotum and scutellum with edticn ues integument,

light brown pollinose. Abdomen brown, usually without

a well marked dark integumental streak on terga | and 2.

Femora usually not or but little darker than tibiae, sometimes

the fore pair black, rarely all tibiae more or less black.

Wings as in glaucus, but nearly always a small cloud at

fork of third vein, and the costal cell hyaline. Abdomen as

in glaucus but middorsal triangles broader and fainter,

dorsolateral orange spots larger, rarely confluent. Frons

widened above, divergence index greater than 1.10. ‘

ee Rs oe a ee ke ete poe ey Me bellows

Abdomen with a conspicuous middorsal row of large yellow

pilose triangles, nearly contiguous from terga | to 4 or

5, and fainter yellow pilose dorsolateral stripes from

terga 2 to 6. Legs obscurely bicolored, femora blackish,

tibiae reddish. Fore tibiae basally nearly white. Wings

emoky, Third antennal segment biack. . 2; . ..« + indecisus

Abdomen at most with small inconspicuous median hair

Paw ee a Ae ee ene hee tetas es Se oe aE

Abdomen with small, easily lost, median pale hair tufts or

(Vianclice ter at leactiterca Pto 4 ye Ae ew ON SS. 28

Abdomen without contrasting median triangles 1... 5 =<. . 30

Antennae orange, the style dusky, basal plate broad with a

strong dorsal angle or short tooth. Mesonotum and

scutellum blackish; abdomen orange brown, the median

triangles dull yellowish on terga 1 to 6, easily lost.

Beard and pleura white pilose =f.....-.°. «i... ..° Rumboldti

Peete Je ee ee ee ee ee Ge ae a Rn te Sw 29

Antennae slender, the dorsal tooth close to base of plate.

Median orange abdominal hair tufts on terga 1 to 4 only.

Beard and pleural pilosity yellow to brown. .... .. antunesi

Antennae with a strong, curved dorsal spine. Median white

abdoming! hair tafts broad, On terga 1.to 6... 2. 5 duckei

Antennae orange, the style dusky, slender, with a long forward

projecting dorsal spine. Whole insect orange brown and

all pilosity dark yellow. Wings evenly pale brown. . .itaituba

Anfentinesamd-wody ol de amore fio Soe es Mek e eg Ge Fae OF

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) Ys

Sas Wings with costal cell orange, basal cells and calypters

lightly infuscated, rest of cies hyaline. Whole insect

Reddisl Drown iiss , ee ee ie ee ge eT

Wings evenly fumose or ay veins buecaly ean nha need: ne ee

cy Antennae with a strong dorsal angle or sharp tooth near base

of basal plate. Frontal callus long oval, generally

separated from the slender ridge-like median callus

by.a pollinose gap... . oat eae i ne 1 «.« COrpursentus

Antennae with a weak dorsal ae near iauie of oe plate.

Frontal callus a gradually tapering ridge with no distinction

between frontal and median callus . ...+.+.+-+-+. . « paurere

33(31). Wings with all veins broadly brown margined. Antennae

orange, the dorsal angle obtuse. Abdomen dark brown,

bluish pruinose, black pilose above and below except for

hind margins of all terga and sterna coppery red pilose, as

is rest of insect including beard and palpi ..... casteetus

Waince-aently and evenly dumose. Beard not Peds 6: ie ecg econ Geom

34, Beard and pleural pilosity very dark brown. Femora dark

brown, black haired, tibiae paler, red haired. Abdomen

nearly black, black pilose except for narrow dark red

pilose hind margins Onall segments. Wings with venation

normal, dark smoky. Thorax and scutellum very dark

PROT Ge og a tp meredith a | ee orig ae CA Sagres as eae ) SORES

Beard and pleural pilosity yellowish hate tO gray. Remora

black, tibiae yellowish to reddish. Abdomen as in fortis,

except the pale pilosity orange to yellow. Wing less darkly

fumose, the fork of third vein with a short but constant

appendix. Thorax and scutellum as in fortis, except marginal

Dilgsity evay Hainer then Diack i. 5 gee is tae sya, « ee laS

SPECIES DISCUSSION

TABANUS AAPTUS n. sp. (Fig. 29, Map 5)

A large dark brown species with slender orange antennae, whitish

beard, bicolored legs and lightly tinted wings with a short appendix at fork

of third vein.

Female. Length 20 mm., of wing 17 mm. Eyes bare, color or pattern

not recorded. Head structures as figured. Frons yellowish brown pollinose,

darker at vertex. A strong occipital fringe of unevenly sized strong black

spines. Callus reddish brown, its upper extension black. Subcallus orange

gray pollinose, wrinkled, becoming grayer on frontoclypeus and genae, Hairs

of face and beard pale gray with a few blackish hairs at sides of antennal

insertions. Antennae orange, the scape gray pollinose, both scape and

pedicel with strong black dorsal setae, finer, sparser and paler hairs below.

Third segment orange, the annuli darker, nearly black, Palpi light orange,

thinly pollinose, the basal segment white pilose, the distal segment short

black pilose. Proboscis less than head height, blackish, membranous, the

labella long as palpi.

10 Contfim Amer Ent. Inst. vole 21S to. °5, -19e4

Mesonotum with integument blackish brown, the notopleural lobes and

sides of scutellum reddish. Vestiture of gray pollinosity, faintly striped,

erect black hairs and semi-recumbent dull orange hairs, the latter also

forming faint stripes. No tuft of black hairs between mesonotum and scu-

tellum, but a small tuft of gray hairs just behind wing bases. Pleura dark,

light gray pollinose and white or pale gray pilose. Coxae and femora black,

the first white haired, the last dorsally black haired, ventrally long white

haired, the apices of mid and hind femora yellowish. Tibiae orange brown,

the fore pair yellow haired except at apex, the 2 hind pairs dark haired. All

tarsi dusky. Wings with costal cell orange, rest of wing lightly tinted,

especially in basal cells and below the yellow stigma. Fork of third vein

with a short appendix, rarely longer than the subtending vein segment. First

posterior cell slightly narrowed. Halteres with orange stem and ivory white

knob. .

Abdomen with dark orange brown integument, clothed dorsally with

blackish pollinosity and short black pilosity except for narrow fringes of

bright copper colored hairs on hind margins of terga 1 to 6. Beneath the

integument seems paler due to whitish pollinosity. The terga are sparsely

dark pilose and with broader hind marginal bands of paler yellow hairs.

Holotype female,Brasil, Amazonas, vic. Manaus, Reserva Ducke

17-VIlI- 1981, flight trap, Fairchild, Rafael and Gorayeb colls. To be

deposited in IL.N.P.A,.

Paratypes 26 females,same locality and collectors, 22-VII and 14,

17-Vill 1981, all but one taken in a flight trap. The paratypes are very

similar but vary somewhat in size, from 17 to 20 mm, with wing lengths

of 14 to 16.5 mm. Wings also vary somewhat in intensity of infuscation,

a few having the veins quite noticeably brown margined.

A single male (Allotype) taken with the paratypes is quite puzzling, as

its coloring is much like fortis, It seems the males are more similar than

the females in this pair of species.

Male. Length 21 mm., of wing 16.5 mm. Eyes bare, holoptic, the

color or pattern not recorded. Upper facets well differentiated from lower,

but not sharply demarcated, occupying a central patch of about 1/2 total eye

area. Head structures as figured. A small scale-like tubercle sunk between

the eyes at vertex. Pollinosity of frontal triangle orange brown, darker than

in holotype of aaptus, about as in females of fortis. Pollinosity of fronto-

clypeus and genae dark brownish gray, the beard dark brown. Antennae

orange, more slender than in female, only the terminal annulus black. Palpi

dark reddish brown, black pilose. Coloration of body, legs and wings about

as in female aaptus except that pollinosity of pleura is darker gray, and

pilosity of pleura and legs is orange brown where it is white or gray in female

aaptus. Abdomen is quite pointed, with color and vestiture dorsally as

described for female, though light pilosity is sparser and darker. Beneath

the abdomen appears darker due to lack of pale pollinosity and denser and

more extensive black pilosity. The wings have a trace of an appendix in the

right wing, none in the left. The damaged male mentioned in the discussion

of T. fortis differs from the male here described in having no vestige of an

appendix at fork of third vein, in having all legs with integument dark

reddish, but pilosity of femora black, of tibiae reddish to yellow, rather than

integument of femora black, tibiae red as in aaptus. There is no hint of

gray pollinosity on pleura or coxae in this specimen, and I believe it is the

male of fortis.

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 1]

The name is from Greek aaptos, invincible, to indicate its close

relationship with fortis. |

T. aaptus differs from T. fortis in slightly smaller average size,

whitish beard and pleural vestiture, presence of a short appendix at fork of

third vein, less heavily tinted wings, and the pale pilosity of legs and

abdomen is consistently paler, whitish to orange rather than deep reddish.

The basal plate of antenna is also more slender and lacks the ventral angle

generally present in fortis. The legs in both species are more or less

bicolored, but in aaptus this is due largely to the color of the integument,

while in fortis it is due largely to the color of the vestiture.

TABANUS AMAZONENSIS (Barretto) (Fig. 1, Map 10)

Lophotabanus albopruinosus Krober 1930, Zool. Anz. 90(3-4):85-86,

female, Brasil.

Tabanus (Lophotabanus) albopruinosus Krodber 1934, Rev. Ent. 4(2-3):295.

Fairchild 1966, Stud. Ent. 9(1-4):362. Not Tabanus (Ochrops)

albopruinosus Szilady 1923, Biol. Hung. 1:6.

Chelommia amazonensis Barretto 1949, Rev. Brasil. Biol., 9(1):41-43,

figs. 4-6, female, Brasil, Amazonas, Manaus.

Tabanus amezonensis: Fairchild 1971, ‘Cat. Dipt, Amer. Ss. or. 's.%

28:99, as syn. of T. pellucidus Fab.

A large blackish species with very narrow frons, a long dorsal spine

on black third antennal segment, a small black pilose prescutellar spot

framed laterally by prominent white hair tufts, largely brown legs, faintly

fumose to nearly hyaline wings with first posterior cell only slightly

narrowed, black pilose abdomen with 3 rows of small white haired spots:

above, mainly white pollinose and pilose beneath, but with a faint dark

pilose median longitudinal broad stripe or series of patches, absent in some

denuded specimens. Old and faded specimens become purplish brown. The

eyes are greenish black in life, without pattern. The species can be

separated from others of the pellucidus group by the long dorsal antennal

spine, prominent white hair tufts on each side of prescutellum and hyaline

costal cell, I have a series from Reserva Ducke near Manaus and Campina

Reserve n. of Manaus, taken in flight traps in August 1981 and 1 from

Reserva Ducke, 30-VI-1970, T. Pimentel coll. An old specimen from

Javareté, XI-1934, E. Amazonas was determined as this species by me in

1952. Barretto (l.c.) reports it also from Sao Gabriel, on the upper Rio

Negro. I have seen Krober's poorly preserved types but not those of

Barretto,

TABANUS ANGUSTIFRONS Macquart (Fig. 2, Map 10)

Tabanus angustifrons Macquart 1847 Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 3:12, female,

Cayenne.

Tabanus alboater Walker 1850, Newman's Zoologist 8, App. p. LXVII,

female, Brasil. Fairchild 1956, Smiths. Miscell. Coll. 131(3):40.

Philip 1960, Proc, Galif, Acad. Sci. 31(3):98.

Tabanus atricornis Bigot 1892, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 5:638, female,

S. America. Not Meigen 1838. Fairchild 1956, Smiths. Miscell.

Goll, Jail, Ti. Syp.-of alboater Wali,

12 Gontrib. Amer. Fnt. Inst., vol. 21, no. 3, 1984

A species closely similar toT. amazonensis, differing mainly in the

shape of the black antennae which do not have the long dorsobasal tooth or

spine found in amazonensis. The wings are hyaline, but costal cell yellowish,

the legs are largely black to dark brown, especially the femora, and the mid

abdominal dorsal pale hair triangles are smaller and less evident than in

amazonensis, though the dorsolateral spots are clearly present. The pre-

scutellar black spot is also less evident and the prominent white hair tufts

are missing or represented by short yellowish hairs. JI have a specimen from

Brasil, Amazonas, Rio Branco, Sororoca, 1-IX-24, determined as alboater

Walk. by J. Bequaert which was compared and found to agree with the type

of angustifrons in London in 1953, but since the type is poorly preserved,

lacking antennal styles, some doubt remains. [I believe alboater is the same,

based ona female from Pebas, Peru, which I compared with the type of

alboater in B. M. in 1964 and found to agree closely. The specimen

certainly belongs to the same species as the one found to agree with the type

of angustifrons in 1953. The eye in life is black with greenish reflections.

Philip (l.c.) came to the same tentative conclusion although he had not com-

pared angustifrons.

I have studied the following specimens: Peru, Loreto, Pebas no date,

1 female; Loreto, Iquitos, 13-III-64, B.K. Dozier coll., 1 female; Brasil,

Amazonas, Rio Branco, Sororoca, l-IX-24, J. Bequaert, 1 female; Pard,

10 Km: N. Braganga, 10-Vil-6l,. netted, 175. Gorayeb- coll. 1 female; Para,

vic. Belém, 17-22-VI-77, malaise trap, 2 females; Belém, APEG forest,

29- Vil te 6-Vili+ 74, fuaht trap, DG, Young, | female; Colombia, Meta,

Rio Vaupes, Lago Bi Dorado, X1-08, #. Medem coll., | female; Guyane

Francaise, Natoury, 18-VIHI-79. Raymond leg., | female.

TABANUS ANTUNESI n. sp. (Fig. 22, Map 5)

A plain brown species with lightly tinted wings, slender black antennae,

and a middorsal abdominal row of small orange haired triangles.

Female. Length 19 mm., of wing 17mm. Eyes bare, color in life

unrecorded. Head characters as figured. Frons orange brown pollinose

with rather abundant short decumbent dark brown hairs between median

callus and vertex. A strong occipital fringe of stout short black setae is

present. Frontal and median frontal calli black and a small partly denuded

spot in place of an ocellar tubercle. Subcallus, frontoclypeus and genae

yellowish gray pollinose, with a small patch of curved orange hairs below

antennal bases and short sparse hairs on upper genae. Beard pale reddish.

Antennal scape and pedicel dark brown, grayish pollinose, densely beset with

black setae. Third segment entirely velvety black. Palpi pale brown, al-

most wholly short black pilose, with but a few pale hairs. Proboscis nearly

head height, the theca and labella black, membranous.

Mesonotum with dark reddish brown integument, thinly orange gray

pollinose and beset with semi-erect black hairs and recumbent orange hairs.

The sutures are faintly paler and the notopleural lobes concolorous with

dorsum, the latter with dense erect black hairs. Scutellum reddish brown,

orange and black haired, and with small tufts of pale hairs above wing bases.

Wings hyaline, faintly grayish with faint brownish shades along main veins.

Venation normal, a strong angle at fork of third vein and first posterior cell

broadly open. Basicosta setose. Stigma yellow. Haltere with brown stem,

yellow knob, Pleura and coxae gray pollinose, pale straw colored pilose.

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 13

All femora dark brown, dorsally short black pilose, ventrally long pale

pilose. Tibiae lighter reddish brown, the fore pair faintly bicolored, with

pale hairs basally, black apically. Remaining tibiae reddish pilose, all

tarsi blackish. The short outer hind tibial fringe is black. |

Abdominal integument concolorous with that of thorax. Dorsally the

terga are thinly brown pollinose and densely short black pilose, except for

very small dark orange hair tufts on the middle of the hind margins of terga

1 to 4 and a few yellow hairs on extreme posterolateral margins of terga 3

and 4, Beneath the sterna are largely yellow pilose, but with the centers of

all segments black pilose, resulting in the appearance of a broad midventral

dark pilose band or stripe.

Holotype female, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil 18-VitI- 1934, A-32, P.G.A.

Antunes coll, Holotype and some paratypes to be deposited in Museu Goeldi.

Paratypes 12 females, same locality and collector, Nos. A-31, A-32

and A-34. The paratypes vary from 16 to 20 mm., but are quite uniform

otherwise. The orange middorsal hair tufts are easily lost and not evident

on rubbed specimens.

This species is very similar to T. indecisus, having the head structures

practically identical. Indecisus, however, has large yellow to whitish pilose

middorsal abdominal triangles and generally dorsolateral pale spots and pale

pilose hind tergal margins. The species is named for Dr. Paulo CG. de

Azevedo Antunes, the collector of this and many other interesting haemato-

phagous insects.

TABANUS AURORA Macquart

Tabanus aurora Macquart 1838, Dipt. Exot. 1(1):142(138), female, Brasil.

Fairchild 1967, Pacific Ins. 9(2):244, fig. 2. Syntypes in Paris.

I have seen no specimens other than the 2 syntypes in Paris. The

specimens reported as aurora by Bequaert (1926) and Kréber (1929) were

apparently Phaeotabanus innotescens Walker, while specimens standing under

aurora in Lutz collection belonged to 3 different species, only one of which

agreed with my notes on the types and none of which were innotescens

(Fairchild 1961). The original description is not diagnostic, referring only

to color. My notes (l.c.) indicate a species resembling T. fuscus Wied.,

but with different antennae and frons. It can apparently be separated from

lineifrons Lutz, whose antennae seem to be very similar, by not having an

appendix at fork of third vein and by having red legs and antennae. The

species is the type species of Lutz' genus Odontotabanus,as designated by

Borgmeier (1933). The range is unknown, and neither of the syntypes bears

any indication of locality, date or collector.

TABANUS BASILARIS Krdber (Fig. 13, Map 7)

Tabanus basilaris Krober 1931, Konowia 10:291, female, Brasilien.

Fairchild 1961, Mem. Inst. Osw, Cruz 59 (3):293; 1966, Studia Ent.

9(1-4):372. Type in Vienna.

The species can be separated from other large dark species by the

remarkably long proboscis, the stylets equalling head height, long pointed

and flattened palpi, wholly black legs and yellowish white halteres. It belongs

14 Comtrib. Amer. font -itist. . vols.2l, no. 35° 1984

structurally to a small group which includes T. xenorhynchus Fchld.,

T. subviolaceus Fchld., T. sannio Fchld. and T. unimacula Krob. It

differs from subviolaceus in bearing a middorsal abdominal row of small

white pilose triangles, having white hair tufts above the wing bases, more or

less distinctly gray striped mesonotum, and pale hair patches at sides of at

least first 4 abdominal terga. The abdomen also is white pilose beneath.

The head characters are much like those figured by me for subviolaceus

(Fairchild 1961), but the palpi are notably broader. All specimens seen aside

from the type have been from Sao Paulo or Minas Gerais, taken in Dec. or

Jan. A single male, Peru, Madre de Dios, Rio Tambopata Reserve, 30 km.

S.W. Pto. Maldonado, 16-20XI-79, J. B. Heppner coll. seems to agree with

the few available females, though the great distance from other known

localities for the species renders the identification tentative.

TABANUS GCASTEETUS nom. nov. (Pig.. 24, Map 8)

Tabanus testaceus Macquart 1838, Dipt. Exot. 1(1):137, female, Cayenne.

Fairchild 1956, Smiths,.Miscell, Coll,13.1(3):30; 1967, Pac. Ins.

Oi2yecot; AO Cat. Dipt. 5. Amer.is,. of U.6..+28:109, not. recognized.

Surcouf and Gonzalez Rincones 1912, Dipt. Vuln. Venez, 2 ieme partie,

pp. 70, 71-72, fig, 41. Venezuela, Cagua. Not Tabanus testaceus

Forskal 1775. 3

In 1964 I was able to compare specimens with the type in Paris, which

is in very poor condition and completely denuded, as noted in the original

description. My compared specimen is from Taracua, Rio Vaupes,

Amazonas, Brasil, 3-1-1924, Melin coll. and agreed fairly well with the

type, as far as condition of the latter allowed valid comparison. This is

the specimen figured here. The species resembles a faded T. fortis Fchld.,

but has the wing veins broadly brown margined, halteres with pale knobs,

all cells open, the abdomen bluish pruinose and antennae and frontal callus

are both different. The legs are entirely reddish and red pilose, and, with

the exception of a small tuft of golden yellow hairs beneath the wing base,

all the pilosity of head and body is coppery red. The name is an anagram

of testaceus.

The reference in Surcouf and Gonzalez- Rincones includes a figure,

indicating an almost completely denuded specimen, but they include no

additional descriptive matter, merely quoting Macquart's original descrip-

tion and saying they received a dozen specimens from Cagua, Venezuela,

from Dr. Rangel. Krober's reference (1930) to a type in B. M. refers to

another species.

TABANUS COMOSUS Stone (Fig. 19, Map 8)

Tabanus comosus Stone 1944, Bol. Ent. Venezolana 3(3):134, female,

Venezuela.

I have a topotype determined by Stone and 2 other females from

Venezuela. The species is structurally much like guyanensis Macq., but

smaller, grayer, with a strongly marked prescutellar black spot and

broad white pilose median and dorsolateral rows of abdominal spots. Legs

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) LS

are pale yellowish, nearly wholly white pilose. Wings glass clear, the

veins light brown.

TABANUS CORPULENTUS Bréthes (Fig. 26, Map 2)

Tabanus corpulentus Bréthes 1910, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 20:480

(preprint.Dec. ); 1911, Op. cit, Ser. 3. Tome XIll, 480; 1921. Estudios

21(3 et seq.):67, female, Misiones Argentina. Coscar6én 1979, Obra

Cent, Mus. (La. Plate, uos262>+.263.. tices 3G ta 3k.

Tabanus neoinnotescens Krober 1931, Konowia 10(4):299, female, Brasil.

Fairchild 1966, Studia Ent. 9(1-4):373; 1971, Cat. Dipt. Amer. S. of

U.S,, fase. 28:9, asisyn. of -corpulentus.

The above synonymy was based on comparison of a homotype of

neoinnotescens from Villarica, Paraguay, with a specimen from the same

locality determined as corpulentus by Coscarén. This is a large wholly

reddish brown and rufous pilose species often confused with T. fuscus

Wied. I have a specimen from Rio Tamandua, Rib. Preto, S. Paulo

determined by Barretto as T. impressus Wied., a synonym of fuscus. The

latter differs from corpulentus in being generally darker, with blackish ab-

domen, black antennae and legs, and in having the first posterior cell in the

female wing always closed and usually petiolate, though in the males we have

seen it is often narrowly open.

The male, hitherto undescribed, is readily associated with the female

on color and size. The eyes are holoptic, bare, with a well demarkated

area of enlarged facets occupying about 2/3 of total eye area and a small

thin tubercle sunk between the eyes at vertex. The palpi are curiously

spatulate. Whole insect is reddish brown, clothed with brown pollinosity

and orange brown pilosity. The wings are clear, the costal cell and both

basal cells yellowish tinted, the stigma yellow and first posterior cell wide

open.

Plesiotype male, Brasil, Sao Paulo, San José dos Campos, XII-1954,

H, &. Lbepes.

I have seen the following specimens; Paraguay, Villarica, F. Schade,

no date, 2 females; Brasil, Parand, margem do Rio Piquiry 30-I- 1918.

1 female; Parana, Gusiza., XI-1941, 1 female; Mato Grosso, Maracaju, Feb.

1937, 1 female; Sdo Paulo, Ribeirdo Préto, Rio Tamandud, Barretto and Zago

coll., 10-XII-53, 1 female; SAo Paulo, §. José dos Campos, H. S. Lopes,

XII-1934, 1 male.

TABANUS CRASSICORNIS Wiedemann (Fig. 7, 8, Map ll)

Tabanus crassicornis Wiedemann1821l, Dipt. Exot. 1:71; 1828, Auss. Zweifl.

Ins. 12130, demale, Amerika, » Fairchild, 1967, Pac, Ine.. 9(1).96,

fig. 18, syn, of pellucidus Fab. Philip 1960, Proc, Calif. Acad. Sci.,

Ser, 443103329 1-98.

Chelommia melanocnemis Barretto 1957, Rev. Brasil. Malar. 8(1):83-84

(T9560), 7 in pare.

This species is most similar to pellucidus, differing from that taxon

in having the wings less strongly brownish and with the first posterior cell

16 Centrib. Amer. Ent. Inst.; vol. 21, no. 35 1984

open, only slightly narrowed. The costal cell is strongly brown tinted.

Wiedemann's description was drawn from an admittedly old specimen stand-

ing under the name of rufiventris in Fabricius! collection, and he did not

know its provenance other than "Amerika.'' The name is not listed in

Krober's catalogue (1934) while Stone (1938, p. 164) mentions it as possibly

nearctic, though he did not recognize it. My specimen compared and

agreeing with the type in Copenhagen is from Surinam, and I think it likely

that Wiedemann's type may also have been from that country, as much of

Fabricius' material seems to have been from there. It is very probable

that crassicornis is based on a faded specimen of pellucidus with the first

posterior cell more than usually widely open. I have 2 pellucidus from

Zanderij Id., Surinam and 2 crassicornis from Republiek, Surinam. Philip

(1960) discussed this Copenhagen specimen, but without definitely placing

it, though it is the second oldest name in the group.

Specimens at hand are from the following localities; Suriname,

Republiek, Sept.-Oct. 1963, Geijskes coll., 4 females; Guyane Francaise,

Acarouany, 2-IX-80, Raymond leg. 1 female; Brasil, Amapd, Serra do

Navio, Sept, Oct. 1957, J. Isane coll,, 2 females; Parad, Belém, Utinga,

Zi Now.-d974,.D. R. Roberts, 3 females: same loc,, 21 Nov. 1974; | female,

Para, vic. Bacuri nm. of Maraba, 20, 30 Oct: 1974;-3.-F.. Reinert coll, ;

2 females.

TABANUS DISCIFER Walker (Fig. 3, Map 9)

Tabadus disciter Walker 1650, Insect. Saunders. Dipt. 1:35, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Female, Para, Pairchild, 1971, Cat. Dipt. Amer. SS. orU,S, 28:91,

synonymy.

I have seen the types of all the names listed in synonymy in the cata-

logue. Krodber (1929) described and figured the male as T. guttiventris.

The species is easily recognized by having the wings basally to end of discal

cell largely blackish, usually with lighter areas in the centers of most

cells and a dark extension to fork of third vein. The frons is narrow, like

the rest of this group, the antennae black or dark brown with a strong dorso-

basal tooth, though not as long as in amazonensis Barr. Mesonotum is

black, but in undenuded specimens with abundant orange hairs. Notopleural

lobes reddish, and scutellum often with reddish apex and margins. Beard

and pleura yellowish to brown, never gray or white. Abdomen brown to black

strongly bluish pruinose on anterior tergites, black pilose except for dorso-

lateral round white pilose spots on tergites 2 to 5. No median white triangles

in most specimens, and when present they are small and faint. Legs black

and abdomen beneath black with variably prominent sublateral white stripes.

The male is similar, more brownish in integument and the antennae brown

with black style, eyes bare, holoptic, the large facets well differentiated and

demarcated, occupying about 1/2 eye area. The female eye in life is said to

be dark greenish with reddish highlights, without bands. Most of my

material was taken in flight or malaise traps, a few biting cattle at dusk,

the male at light. The distribution of specimens before me is shown on

map no. 9,

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) ‘iets

TABANUS DISCUS Wiedemann (Fig. 6, Map 12)

Tabanus discus Wiedemann 1828, Auss. Zweifl. Ins. 1:123-124, female,

Brasil, Fairchild 1967, Pacific Ins. 9(1):96-97, fig. 19, synonymy;

IO, Gat. Dipt. Amer, S> of .5. 236791, :

Chelotabanus discus:Kr6éber 1932, Rev. Ent. 2(3):294-295, discussion not

based on type; 1934, Rev. Ent. 4(2):261.

Tabanus rufoniger Walker 1850, Ins. Saunders., Dipt. 1:66, female, un-

known locality. Fairchild 1967, Pac. Ins. 9(2):251, synonymy.

Lophotabanus communis Krdéber 1930, Zool. Anz. 90(3-4):83, female,

Surinam. Fairchild, 1966, Studia Ent. 9(1-4):362, synonymy.

Tabanus cervinus Kroéber 1929, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 43:254, 255,

fig. 13, female, Santarem, Para, Brasil. Fairchild 1966, Studia Ent.

9(1-4):372. (New synonymy).

Tabanus infuscatipennis Surcouf, 1919, Miss. Serv. Geogr. Armee. Mes.

Arc Meridien Equatorial, 10(2):230, nomen nudum. Fairchild 1967,

Pee, las. 9(2)3240.

Chelommia melanocnemis Barretto 1957, Rev. Brasil. Malariol. 8(1):83

(1956) female, Rio Negro, Brasiland Br. Guiana. ? in part.

A large species with very narrow frons, black antennae, grayish black

mesonotum, white beard and pleura, black legs and plain brown abdomen

without conspicuous pale dorsal markings. There is a small prescutellar

dark spot and a pair of white pilose stripes on the abdomen beneath. The

wing veins are more or less conspicuously brown margined, there is no

appendix at fork of third vein and the first posterior cell is at most

slightly coarctate. The eyes in life are greenish black, without pattern. In

a few exceptionally well preserved specimens a faint row of narrow white

haired middorsal triangles nearly forming a narrow stripe may be seen, or

there may be a few pale hairs on the hind margins of one or more tergites.

I have not seen males of this species.

T. discus differs from other members of the pelluctdus group chiefly

in the almost total absence of pale pilose markings on the brown abdomen

above. Distribution, based on specimens actually seen, is shown on the

accompanying map. The Trinidad and Venezuela localities in Fairchild

(1971), though quite likely, cannot now be confirmed and are omitted from

the map.

I have a specimen from Surinam compared and agreeing with a paratype

of melanocnemis Barr. from Br. Guiana in B,M,, but it does not agree

well with the original description. Unfortunately, Barretto does not mention

the condition of the first posterior cell and does not figure the species, nor

does he mention the condition of his specimens. I believe that at least the

Guyana paratypes may be what is here called T. discus Wied.; the holotype

from Rio Negro may be different, but I have not seen it. My compared

specimen from Surinam was also compared and found to agree with the

types of rufoniger Wlk., communis Kréber, and the undescribed

infuscatipennis Surcouf.

A specimen from Iquitos, Peru, which I thought was in only fair

agreement with the type of cervinus Krob. in Vienna in 1964, differed from

the type in having yellowish brown beard and pleura, while in the type these

are whitish. Another compared specimen from Pardéd differed in having the

abdomen beneath all dark haired, lacking the white pilose stripes of the

18 Contrib. Amer. isot., Inst... vol. dlp now 4, 1984

type. I now feel that cervinus is but a specimen of discus with the median

pale triangles better preserved than usual.

My notes on the type of rufoniger indicate that first posterior cell is

"pyractically closed at wing margin, ''i.e. very narrowly open. This is

probably but an extreme variant, as all other characters seem to agree

with discus.

Krdber's redescription of the species (l.c. 1932) was not based on the

type in Berlin, but on a specimen thought to be determined by Bischoff in

Vienna. This specimen was not discus in the present sense, as it had both

a closed and stalked first posterior cell and white spots on the abdomen

above. The type and my material would key to impressus in the key furnished

by Krober in this publication. This misdetermination may have been the

reason for Krober's proposals of cervinus and communis, both of which seem

to have been based on slight variants of discus. Specimens I had compared

with the type of cervinus differed from both discus and Krober's type in

having yellow pilosity, and I now believe they represent a different

species, described herein as xuthopogon n. sp.

TABANUS DUCKEI n. sp. (Fig. 23, Map 6)

An inconspicuous brownish species with black antennae, bicolored fore

tibiae, lightly tinted wings, ridge-like or clavate frontal callus and median

pale hair tufts on abdominal tergites lto 5.

Female. Length 18 mm., of wing 16 mm. Eyes bare, the color and

pattern not recorded. Head structures as figured. Frons yellowish gray

pollinose, the callus reddish brown. Occipital fringe of short black setae.

Subcallus, frontoclypeus and genae with orange brown integument, yellowish

gray pollinose, appearing more reddish than frons. Beard white. Scape and

pedicel of antennae reddish brown, pollinose, densely black setose. Third

segment velvety black, only extreme base of plate dark reddish. Palpi pale

orange, pale pollinose, almost wholly dark haired, even the first segment.

Proboscis nearly head height, the labella as long as palpi, both theca and

labella dark brown, fleshy.

Mesonotum with dark brown integument, the sides including notopleural

lobes and scutellum reddish and with a small pale spot at ends of the trans-

verse sutures. Dorsal vestiture is of thin gray pollinosity, abundant erect

black setae and sparse recumbent yellow hairs. There is a small but dense

tuft of short white hairs just posterior and dorsal to wing base, but no vestige

of a scutellar or prescutellar dark spot. Pleura white pollinose and with

rather sparse long white hairs which also clothe the coxae. Fore coxae and

femora nearly black, tibiae with basal 2/3 yellow, short white pilose, distal

1/3 infuscated, black pilose as are tarsi. Mid and hind femora dark brown,

white pollinose and white haired, the tibiae paler, reddish, also largely pale

pilose but with a hind tibial fringe of dark hairs. Wings with venation normal,

no appendix, the first posterior cell very slightly narrowed, the membrane

weakly yellowish brown tinted, strongest in costal cell,

Abdomen above chestnut brown, thinly pollinose, the first tergite

slightly bluish pruinose when viewed from behind. Dorsal vestiture is of

erect black hairs except for short broad median posterior triangles of whitish

hairs on tergites 1 to 6 which are underlain by triangles of whitish pollinosity.

Extreme sides of tergites 1 to 4 are thinly whitish pilose, the remaining

G. B. Fairchild; Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 19

tergites black pilose. Beneath the sternites are thinly whitish pollinose with

the posterior 1/2 white pilose, remainder black pilose.

Holotype female Venezuela Expedition, Territ. Amazonas, Mt. Mara-

huaca, N. slope, Benitez camp, May 1-25, 1950, J. Maldonado Capriles

Coll 2 FP peo |

Four female paratypes same data. Three female paratypes Serra de

Cupaty, Rio Japura (Caqueta) Colombia, perto da fronteira de Brasil,

XI-1912, A. Ducke. To be deposited in Museu Goeldi, Belém and author's

collection.

The paratypes vary in size, from 18 to 14 mm. with wing lengths of

16 to 12 mm. Those from Colombia are a little dusty and slightly faded,

those from Venezuela somewhat rubbed and several lack antennae. The

species resembles piceiventris but has a narrower frons, longer antennal

tooth, evenly tinted wings, bicolored fore tibiae and pale abdominal tri-

angles. It differs from lineifrons Lutz in broader frons and lacking an

appendix on fork of third vein, and from lutzi Krob. in smaller size, black

antennae and bicolored fore tibiae. The name is a MS name under which the

3 Colombian examples stood in the Lutz collection. These bear the numbers

T-996, T-997 and T-998 and I will be deposited in Museu Goeldi with other

Ducke material. It is eminently fitting that a Tabanus bear the name of the

great naturalist who collected it and who supplied Lutz with most of his:

Amazonian material.

TABANUS FORTIS Fairchild (Fig. 28, Map 5)

Tabanus fortis Fairchild 1961, Studia Ent. 4(1-4):477, nom. nov. for T.

robustus Krober 1929.

Tabanus robustus Krober 1929, Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien, 43:254, fig. 12,

female, Taperinha, 45 km. E,S,E, of Santarem, Para, Brasil.

Fairchild 1966, Studia Ent. 9(1-4):374-375, type seen.

Krober's figure is somewhat exaggerated, the antenna of the type

having a shorter dorsal tooth and less pronounced ventral angle than he

shows. The species is a uniform dark brown all over, clothed with black

and dark reddish pilosity. The tibiae are slightly paler than femora, partly

due to paler pilosity. The antennae are orange to dark reddish, the style

rarely dusky. Halteres with contrasting ivory white knob. Wings evenly

smoky brown, no appendix and first posterior cell wide open. The species

was quite abundant at Fazenda Morelandia, Mun. Benevides near Belém,

Para, Brasil, where large numbers were attracted to a horse in heavy forst

for a short time near dusk. My colleagues and I also took specimens at

Reserva Ducke near Manaus and at the Campina Research Station north of

Manaus in flight traps in heavy forest. I have also studied specimens from

Amapa, Brasil and from Surinam, Coppename river; British Guiana,

Kartabo; and Guyane, Surcouf coll. One of the Kartabo specimens was

determined by Krober as Stigmatophthalmus sp. in 1925. Specimens bear

dates from May to October. What I believe is the male is represented by a

damaged specimen from Kartabo, B. G. lacking most of abdomen, Tinc-

torially it is like the female. The eyes are holoptic, with a poorly demarc-

ated area of slightly enlarged facets occupying about 1/3 eye area and witha

small tubercle sunk between the eyes at vertex.

20 Contrib. Amer, fat; Toast... vol, 21... no. 3, 1984

TABANUS FUSCUS Wiedemann (Figs. 9, A, B, Map 9)

Tabanus fuscus 1619, Zool. Mag. 1(3):41, female, Brasil; 1821, Dipt. .Exot.

68: 1828. Auss. Zweill.ine, 12121, 556... Coscardn 1979,, Obra Cent.

Mus. Ua Plata, 6-263, fie 3, 1 te ©. bairchild 1967, Pacitic: Ins,

eae Site eo

Chelotabanus fuscus: Krober 1932, Rev. Ent. 2(3):294-295.

Tabanus piceus Thunberg 1827, Nova Acta Uppsala 9:55, female, Brasil.

Philip 1967, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 60(6):1235-1236, synonymy.

Tabanus bicolor Thunberg 1827, Nova Acta Uppsala 9:55, female, Brasil.

Philip, 1967. op. cit, 60(6):1236, lectotype, synonymy (not T.

bicolor Wied. 1821).

Tabanus impressus Wiedemann 1828, Auss. Zweifl. Ins. 1:126-127, female,

Montevideo. Philip 1967, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 60(6):1236. Fairchild

1967, Pac. ins, 9-99.

Tabanus monochroma Wiedemann, 1828, op. cit. 1:555-556, female,

Montevideo. Fairchild 1967, Pac. Ins. 9(1):100, synonymy, lectotype.

Tabanus clausus WMacouart 1848,° Dipt.. exot,, Suppl. 2:17 (1847:33), .female,

Brasil. Krdber, 1934, Rev. Ent. 4(2);:261, synonymy. Fairchild,

1956, Sratthsonian Misc. Coll, 131(3):13.

Tabanus ferreus Walker 1848, List. Dipt. Ins. B.M. 1;150, male (actually

female), Brasil, Pairciild 1996, Smiths. Miscell: Coll. [31(1): 16.

Philip 1967, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 60(6):1236, synonymy.

Chelotabanus ferreus: Krober 1932, Rev. Ent. 2(3):299, type female London

redescribed.

Tabanus-erythracus Bigot 1692; Mem. Soc. Zool... France, 5:687, female,

La Plata. Krober 1934, Rev. Ent. 4(3):31l, syn. of monochroma

Wied. Not Atylotus erythraeus Big. 1892 p. 661 Mexico. Fairchild

1956, Smiths: Mise. Coll. 131(3):'5, syn. of impressus Wied.

There seem to be 2 closely similar taxa here, differing very little in

structure in the female, but if my association of sexes is correct, clearly

in the males. The above synonymy all refers to one species, so far as can

be made out from study of the original descriptions and comments of authors,

including my own notes on types. This species has an entirely black third

antennal segment, when unfaded by age, with a long forward pointing dorsal

tooth, dark brown to black and black haired thorax and abdomen, dark brown

beard, black unicolorous legs, and the abdomen with small sparsely white

pilose spots dorsolaterally on tergites 4-6 and with a pair of similarly white

pilose stripes or rows of connected triangles ventrally. The wings are quite

strongly tinted, especially the costal and basal cells and the first posterior

cell is nearly always closed and petiolate, rarely narrowly open. The 3

males I have seen from Sta. Catarina are entirely very dark brown, black

pilose, but with abdomens slightly bluish pruinose. There are no white hairs

anywhere on their bodies, the wings are rather evenly yellowish tinted and

first posterior cell is narrowly open in 5 wings, closed at margin in one.

The eyes are bare, holoptic, but without discernable enlarged facets.

The other taxon ] have so far been unable to match with any descrip-

tions. It appears to have been included in several accounts as a variant of

fuscus, but it is odd that none of the above listed synonyms agree with it.

It differs from fuscus in being paler and browner overall, the wings more

evenly and palely yellowish fumose, the antennae browner with a slightly

G. B. Fairchild; Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) rat

shorter dorsal tooth and the abdomen brown, black haired, and with traces of

middorsal yellow hair patches on tergites 1 to 3, laterally on 1 to 4 and ven-

trally in the form of sublateral broad stripes. The male has a well defined

area of enlarged facets about 1/2 total eye area, brown slender antennae and

vestiges of ventral yellowish pilose stripes on the abdomen. The palpi of

the males of the 2 forms differ as figured (fig. 9). The wings of the females

have the cell closed in 7 of the 8 available wings, narrowly open inl. In the

male the first posterior cell is very slightly narrowed. I refrain from

naming this entity, if such it is, pending receipt of further and fresher con-

firmatory material. Of fuscus, I have before me the following material,

all from Brasil. Three males, Nova Teutonia, Sta, Catarina, Jan. 1960,

Plaumann; 4 females, S. Paulo. Boraceia Field Station, Jan., Feéb., Mar.

19'75,. T. lie Rogers) 1-female, Ric de Janeiro, Oct, 1937s J: temale. Ric

Tamandua, Ribeirao Prete, 16: Paulo, 28-X-54, Barretto coll, ;: 1 female,

Parana,Prainha 2c-}-49; 1 female, Ilhéus, Bahia 18-VIII-1935. Of the other

taxon, J have | male, Butantan, S. Paulo, 22-I-1918, A. Esteves; 1 female,

Rio de Janeiro Oct. 1937; | female; Boraceia- Sao Paulo, 1-4 Mar. 1975,

T. E. Rogers; 2 females, Sta. Catarina, Brusque and Florianopolis XII-

1957, J. Lane. The two forms thus appear to be largely sympatric, but are

shown by different symbols on Map 9. Coscarén figures female and

genitalia; says male unknown.

TABANUS GLAUCUS Wiedemann (Fig. 20, Map 4)

Tabanus glaucus Wiedemann 1819, Zool. Mag. 3:43, female, Brasil; 1821.

Dipt. Exot 1:69. Fairchild 1967, Pacific Ins. 9(1):98, synonymy,

lectotype designation; 1971, Cat. Dipt. Amer. S. of U.S. 28-94.

Tabanus cinerarius Wiedemann 1828, Auss. Zweifl. Ins. ele le l222 1 ate

1928, Est. Zool. Parasit. Venezolanas, Rio de ganerros. fa. Fl. -o

fig. 9. Kréber 1931, Zool. Anz. 970;59-6), tiga. 8, 9. (Gympochela),

Tabanus tenens Walker 1850, Newman's Zool. O, Bopendix 1, p. 1377,

female, Para. (Not tenens Walker 1850, Insect. Saunders., Dipt.

1:49).

Tabanus confligens Walker 1854, List. Dint,. ine. BM. 5. syopl, 1213-326.

n.n. for tenens WIlk,

Tabanus (Straba) grandis Krober 1931, Zool. Anz. 94(3-4):08, fig. 1, male,

Bolivia, Prov. Sara. Fairchild 1966, Stud. Ent. 9(1-4):371-372,

synonymy. (Not Tabanus grandis Szilady 1923).

The species is very similar to ZL. nebulosus but is darker, the palpi

largely or wholly black pilose, the integument of mesonotum and scutellum

black, the femora usually black or at least darker than tibiae, a strong

blackish integumental triangle or streak nearly always present on first 2

tergites, small median yellowish pilose triangles usually present on most

tergites as well as rounded yellow to orange pilose dorsolateral spots, and

the wings never with the faint cloud usually present on the fork of third vein

in nebulosus. In addition, the frons of glaucus is usually parallel sided or

more often slightly narrower at vertex, a condition seen but once in

nebulosus. Further discussion will be found under nebulosus.

Specimens are at hand from the Brasilian states of Para, Mato Grosso,

S2%o Paulo and Rondonia, and from Bolivia, eastern Peru, eastern Colombia

Ze Contrib. Amer, font. inst. 4"vyol. 21, “no, 3,° 1984

and Trinidad. It appears to be active in most months of the year. I have

specimens compared and agreeing with both Wiedemann's and Walker's types.

TABANUS GUYANENSIS Macquart (Fig. 18, Map 1)

Tabanus guyanensis Macquart 1845, Dipt. Exot. suppl. 1:169(1846:41) Tab. 4,

igs Ss; female, Guyane," rarrenild 1956, Sniithes Misc: Coll, 1(3)18,

synonymy; 1961, Stud. Ent. 4(1-4):447, Amapa, Brasil; 1971, Cat.

Dipt. Amer. S. of U.S. 28:94.

Tabanus flavibarbis Macquart 1845, Dipt. Exot. suppl. 1:169, female,

Cayenne. Bequaert 1926, in Med. Rep. Hamilton Rice Seventh Exped.

Amazon, etc., Chap. XV, Insecta, p. 231, Krober 1929, Ann.

Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 43:251-252, fig. 3, female, male, Taperinha

45 km, ES, ih, Of Santarem, Para, Brasil.

Atylotus rubrinotatus Bigot 1892, Mem. Soc. Zool. France 5:676, female,

unknown locality. Fairchild 1956, Smiths. Miscell. Coll. 131(3):27,

synonymy.

This large brown species is characterized by the brown bases of the

wings with strongly infuscated calypters, gray striped mesonotum with

usually strong tufts of white hairs on each side of scutellum, abdomen with

large contiguous gray median triangles on tergites 2 to 4 and less distinct

gray dorsolateral stripes on tergites 2 to 6. Krober (1929 c.) has described

and figured the male. Material before me is mostly not well preserved, but

is from the following localities. Brasil, Para, Marajé Id., 1 female; Aura,

1 female; Ilha das Ongas, 1 female; Educandos, 1 female; Belém, 2 females;

French Guiana, Cayenne, 1 male; Ecuador, Napo, Limoncocha, 1 female;

Nueva Rocafuerte, | female; Peru, Madre de Dios, Tambopata Res. 7

females; vic. Pucallpa, 1 female; Bolivia, Riberalta, 1 female; Colombia,

Amazonas, 60 km. NW Leticia, I-VI-79, 2 females.

The use of guyanensis rather than flavibarbis for this species is ex-

plained in the following excerpts from my notes on the specimens in the

British Museum made in 1953.

Six females in B,M, There are four specimens labelled as Types, an

additional specimen from the Bigot coll. bears a Macquart hand written

identification label, and a sixth specimen bears an Austen hand "comp. with

Type" label. These specimens represent between them three distinct species

of which none of those presently labelled as Types agree with the original

description. The two additional specimens not labelled as Types do agree

with Macquart's description. Taking the specimens one by one we have the

following: Specimena. Bears a red circled Type label, a hand written

Macquart label reading ''Tabanus guyanensis n. sp.'' pasted onto a Bigot

label reading "'Guyanensis Macq. D. Exot.", a Bigot coll. B,M, accession

label, a Krdber det. label reading ''Tabanus? aff.innotescens Wlk."', anda

note by Philip stating ''Not Guyanensis Macq.''. Specimen b bears a yellow

circled Paratype label, a Bigot coll. B,M, accession label, a det. label in

Barnes! hand, a Krober det. label reading: "Tabanus? Guyanensis'" anda

red Lectotype label reading ''Tabanus Guyanensis"! placed upon it by Philip.

This specimen appears to have had the head glued on at one time. It is not

innotescens Wlk. nor is it guyanensis in my opinion, since the abdomen is

entirely clothed with reddish hair and the antennae are reddish brown.

Specimen c bears a yellow Paratype label, a Bigot coll. accession label, a

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) ha,

det. label in Barnes' handwriting (Barnes was Austen's technician), anda

Krober det. label reading ''Tabanus? Guyanensis", This specimen is

innotescens Wlk., the same as specimen a. Specimen d bears a yellow

Paratype label, Bigot coll. accession label, and a Krdber det. label reading

"'Tabanus flavibarbis Macq. - Verblichen.'' This specimen, as noted by

Krodber, is faded and dirty, but traces of small pale-haired middorsal tri-

angles remain on the yellowish brown abdomen. It is not innotescens nor is

it the same as the specimen labelled Lectotype by Philip in my opinion.

Specimen e bears no Type label, but a Bigot coll. accession label with

"Brazil", a Macquart hand written label with ''Tabanus guyanensis female

J. Macq.'' pasted onto a Bigot label reading ''male coll. Serville Brazil D.

Exot. '' It is a different species from those previously listed and in many

ways agrees much better with the original description. Specimen f bears a

black circled label, a hand written label reading "'Tabanus guyanensis Macq.

compared with Type", and a Krober det. label reading ''Tabanus guyanensis

= flavibarbis Macq." This specimen agrees perfectly with specimen e.

I have gone over this puzzling situation with Mr. Oldroyd. He says

that the Bigot material arrived at the B, M, without labels except those of

Bigot, i.e. the Macquart hand labels pasted onto the Bigot labels. Austen

went over some of them and the labels in Barnes' handwriting (specimens

band c) represent Austen's opinion, as Barnes was his technician at that

time. The specimens were double mounted to fit the shallow B,M, drawers

after they were received, necessitating the removal and replacement of all

labels, and the B,M, accession labels added. Type labels circled in color

were added much later by Oldroyd. Oldroyd thinks it likely that the five

specimens (a to e) now bearing Bigot coll. accession labels had between them

only the two original Macquart labels now on specimens aande. When they

were remounted on receipt at the B,M, from Verrall, it is probable that the

technician, assuming that all were one species, was not too careful in re-

turning the two labels to the exact specimens on which they were before.

The specimen labelled as ''comp. with Type'! may have been compared by

Austen when the Bigot collection was still in Verrall's hands. It certainly

would not have been so labelled had one of the presently labelled types been

the basis for comparison, since none of these agree. The Bigot specimen

(e) bearing no type label does agree however, and is also the only one of the

Bigot series which agrees at all with the original description. I have placed

a note to this effect on specimen e, and consider that it should be designated

as Lectotype. I believe the label on specimen a above really belongs on

specimen e. My specimen from Para, as wellas others from Eastern

Ecuador, agree with this last specimen e,

I was unable to locate the type of T. flavibarbis Macq. either in the

B,M, or in Mus. Paris. It was described from the collection of Marquis

Spinola, from Cayenne. Krdber (1934) claims to have seen the type, and

makes (1930) guyanensis a synonym. What Krdber (1929, 1930) and Bequaert

(1926) treat as flavibarbis is the same as the specimen I consider the type of

guyanensis. Guyanensis precedes flavibarbis on the same page of Macquart's

work, and since a type exists, I believe should be accorded priority. The

descriptions of the two species do not seem to differ in any important

respects, and in the absence of authentic material of flavibarbis, I believe

it should be considered a synonym of guyanensis. Flavibarbis was selected

as the subgenotype of Lophotabanus Szilady by Borgmeier (1933) on the

advice of Krober, but not only is the species not a Lophotabanus, it was not

24 Contrib). Amer: .bot.inst.4. vol. 2igsumo. 34-1984

included by Szilady (1926) in his original proposal of the subgenus, as

pointed out by Bequaert (1940) when he substituted T. bifloccus Szil.

(= bifloccus Hine) as subgenotype.

To summarize, I believe that specimens a and c are innotescens

Walker, and specimens e and f are guyanensis Macq. Specimen b I do not

recognize. Specimen d, although not the same species as guyanensis is

close, and may have been confused with it by Macquart. It seems probable

that it may have borne the label now on specimen e, which indicates a sub-

sequent det. by Macquart of a specimen from Brasil.

TABANUS HUMBOLDTI n. sp. (Fig. 27, Map 6)

An inconspicuous moderate sized species with blackish thorax, brown

abdomen with a row of small faint middorsal dull yellow triangles, bicolored

fore tibiae, yellow antennae, narrow frons and glass-clear wings.

Female, Length 16mm, ef wing-13.5 mm... Byés bare; color or

pattern not recorded. Head structures as figured. Frons yellowish gray

pollinose, darker and partly bare at vertex, with a black bristled occipital

fringe and short brassy hairs on vertex behind. Callus black, dark brown

basally. Subcallus,frontoclypeus and genae silvery gray pollinose, whiter

than subcallus, both with long sparse white hairs. Beard dense, white.

Antennae orange yellow, scape and pedicel with short black setae dorsally,

longer whitish ones on sides and below. Third segment with plate orange,

style blackish brown. Palpi yellowish white, the basal segment white pilose,

the terminal black pilose apically, white basally and ventrally. Proboscis

less than head height, dark brown, membranous.

Mesonotum and scutellum with blackish integument, the notopleural

and pronotal lobes and sides of scutellum paler, yellowish. Pleura and

coxae with more or less blackish integument. Mesonotum gray pollinose,

beset with erect black and recumbent brassy hairs, the latter quite dense.

Notopleural lobes mainly black pilose, pleura and coxae pale gray pollinose,

abundantly white pilose. Fore coxae and femora blackish, the latter black

pilose dorsally, long white pilose ventrally. Fore tibiae with basal half dull

yellowish, yellow pilose, distal half dusky, black pilose as are tarsi. Mid

and hind femora and tibiae reddish yellow, pale haired except for dark hind

tibial fringes and all tarsi dark haired. Wings with venation normal, the

first posterior cell slightly narrowed, membrane entirely clear including

costal cell. Stigma pale yellow. Halteres with yellow stem and ivory knob.

Abdomen yellowish brown in ground color, dorsally black pilose except

for small dull yellow median pilose triangles on tergites 1 to 6 and white

hairs on extreme lateral margins of tergites 1 to 5. Beneath all sternites

except the last are pale pollinose and white pilose.

Holotype female, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Rio Aripuana, Humboldt

BO 27) We 10° 1086) 12516 Vy li- 1974, Might trap,.D.G, Young coll.: Td be

deposited in Museu Goeldi, Belém.

Paratypes. 8 females, same data as holotype. 1 female Rio Madeira,

Abunda, Mann and Baker colls. 2females,Amazonas, Manaus, Res. Ducke 5,

132 xo Clete A Rataclal Paratyopcs in oN, PoAy bh eSec. A. and Colm of author

The paratypes vary from 13 to 17.5 mm. with wing lengths of 10 to 14

mm. Hairs seem easily lost, and abraded specimens appear with plain brown

abdomens and dark gray thoraces, since the abdominal triangles are not

underlain by pale pollinosity. One paratype has a short appendix on third vein.

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 755,

This species is quite similar to T. duckei, but has yellow antennae,

narrower frons, and stouter palpi, among other differences. Its yellow

antennae and lack of a pattern of black and white pilosity on venter of abdomen

will distinguish it from small specimens of discus Wied. Named in honor

of Alexander von Humboldt, after whom the type locality was also named.

TABANUS IMPORTUNUS Wiedemann (Map 1)

Tabanus importunus Wiedemann 1828, Auss. Zweifl. Ins. 1:127, female,

Brasil. Fairchild) 1943, Aon. Knt..Goe, Amer, 35(4):444, Pl. 1s fie. 2:

1967; Pace. Ims.“9(4)-99- sy nonumy: 1971; Gat. Dipto Amer. Ss 20f U.S.

28:95, synonymy cdistrip,

There seems no need to repeat the synonymy, which is detailed in the

Catalogue. I have seen the types of all the names there listed. The species,

like many common and widespread forms, is quite variable, but can usually

be recognized by a combination of gray pollinose mesonotum, smoky areas at

ends of basal cells, below stigma, and at fork of third vein, orange brown

abdomen with large contiguous dorsolateral orange haired patches on terga

1 to 5, black haired middorsal stripe without pale triangles, and very short

stout palpi. The male is very similar in appearance, the eyes bare, holop-

tic with a well demarcated area of large facets occupying about 1/2 eye area.

Importunus is a species of open country and disturbed habitats and may be

an important pest species. It ranges from Panama south to Paraguay,

Bolivia and N. Argentina east of the Andes, but was not taken by Wilkerson

(1979) in western Colombia. Badly denuded specimens of this and Oe

nebulosus are sometimes difficult to distinguish. Importunus has shorter

and more inflated palpi and a dark shade below wing stigma, lacking in

nebulosus.

TABANUS INDECISUS (Bigot) (Fig. 21, Map 5)

Atylotus indecisus Bigot 1892, Mem. Soc. Zool. France 5:666, female,

Amazonia, Fairchild 1956, Smiths. Miscell. Coll., 131(3):20 synonymy.

Tabanus indecisus: Krdber 1934, Rev. Ent. 4(3):310.

Atylotus simplex Bigot 1892, Mem. Soc. Zool. France 5:667, 3 females,

Amazonia, Gayenne, Fairchild 1956, Smiths. Miscell, Coll. 131(3):29,

lectotype designation; synonymy. Not Tabanus simplex Walker 1850.

Only the lectotype in B,M. from the Amazon is this species. I have

long series from the vicinity of Belém, Pard, from Humboldt, Rio Aripuana,

Mato Grosso, and 1 female each from Porto Velho, Rio Madeira and Peixe

Boi, Para. The species is yellowish brown, the wings lightly and rather

evenly faintly brown tinted, the abdomen with prominent yellowish pilose mid-

dorsal triangles on tergites 1 to 4, fainter and smaller triangles on 5, and

weak, broken pale dorsolateral stripes on tergites 1 to 6, often difficult to

see or absent in rubbed specimens. Third antennal segment is black and the

frontal callus is round or oval, not an evenly tapered claviform ridge. The

abdomen beneath is wholly yellowish pilose, and the prescutellar dark spot

is faint and poorly developed.

26 Gontri. Amory datecistis) voli 2iyior 35% 1964

TABANUS ITAITUBA n. sp. (Fig. 25, A, Map 6)

A large brown species with light brown wings, body and legs entirely

clothed with orange yellow pilosity and light brown pollinosity.

Female, Length 20 mm., of wing 16 mm. Eyes bare, the color and

pattern in life not recorded. Head structures as figured. Frons dark

yellowish brown pollinose, the callus yellow, subcallus with integument

orange, gray pollinose. Frontoclypeus and genae the same, beard pale

yellowish. Occipital fringe rudimentary, of scattered short dark bristles.

Antennae orange, the scape, pedicel and dorsal tooth of basal plate densely

dark bristled, the annulate portion of third segment blackish, contrasting

with plate. Palpi orange, largely black pilose except ventrally where hairs

are longer and yellow. Proboscis less than head height, blackish, wholly

membranous,

Mesonotum and scutellum reddish brown, thinly gray pollinose, the

pilosity largely of recumbent shiny golden hairs with scattered erect black

bristles. Pleura and coxae concolorous. Legs, except blackish tarsi,

wholly reddish brown, entirely golden pilose, without hind tibial fringes.

Wings with normal venation, no appendix on third vein, wholly pale brownish,

the color stronger along the veins. Stigma yellow. Halteres with orange

stem, yellowish knob. Abdomen pale orange brown, wholly orange polli-

nose and dark golden pilose, both above and below.

Holotype female, Brasil, Para, Jacarecanga, X-1959, M. Alvarenga

leg. To be deposited in Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Para.

Paratypes, 3 females same data as holotype. 1 female, Trans-

amazonica, Maituba’- Altamira: Km 25, Decs 1971> K; DoW. colli’ 1 female,

Brasil, Para, Itaituba, Parque Nacional Amazonia, 17-XI-78, W.L. Overal

Coll,

The paratypes vary in size from 18 to 22 mm., wing lengths 16.5 to

18.5 mm. and somewhat in color, the Itaituba specimens being darker with

dark reddish rather than golden pilosity, perhaps because less faded with

time.

The wholly rufous to golden pilosity will easily distinguish this species

from all other described regional species except chalcothrix Fchld. and

corpulentus Bréthes. Chalcothrix differs by having long slender antennae and

a very long appendix at fork of third vein, while corpulentus is a larger

species with shorter antennal tooth and wings basally brownish, apically

hyaline.

TABANUS LUTZI Kréber (Fig. 16, Map 5)

Tabanus tnacquarti Krober 1930, Zool, -Anz. 90(3=4):83-84. Type female

in Vienna (not T. macquarti Schiner 1868).

Tabanus (Lophotabanus) lutzi Krober 1934, Rev. Ent. 4(3):296 (nom. nov.

for macquarti Krob.).

For some reason ] overlooked this species when treating the species

described by Kréber (Fairchild 1966). I saw the type in Vienna in 1964, which

was labelled as follows: old handwritten Venezuela; printed Alte Sammlung

with columbensis written in; pink type; Kréber det. label 1929 as Tabanus

macquarti. A compared specimen from Sevilla, Magdalena, Colombia

agreed well with the type except for darker legs.

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) gee

This is an overall yellowish brown species, the integument of thorax

reddish brown, scutellum reddish, both with yellowish gray pollinosity and

mainly yellowish pilose. There is a small patch of short black pilosity at

junction of scutellum and mesonotum, with a small tuft of pale hairs on each

side, probably the reason Krober placed the species in (Lophotabanus). The

wings are clear, slightly brownish tinged in basal and costal cells, venation

normal, no narrowing of first posterior cell nor appendix at fork. The legs

are black and black pilose except for pale hairs on posterior aspect of mid

and hind femora. Halteres with brown stem and yellow knob. Abdomen

reddish brown in ground color, lighter than thorax, pollinose, the first 4

tergites clothed with yellow hair except for a widening broad longitudinal

stripe of black pilosity beginning on second tergite and broadening to cover

all the tergites beyond the 4th. Beneath, the sternites are yellow pilose at

sides and posterior margins, but with the centers of all segments beyond the

Ist with increasing black hair until the 7th, which is wholly black haired.

Palpi are yellowish, largely black pilose. Structurally this species is much

like T. olivaceiventris, T. guyanensis and T. nebulosus, but abundantly dis-

tinct on color characters. The male is still unknown,

The species seems to have a restricted distribution in extreme north-

western S. America, as my few specimens have come from Sevilla,

Magdalena, Colombia, 21-VII-1927, Geo. Salt coll., 1 female; Venezuela,

Apuré, Guasdalito, June 1924, Grisol coll., 3 females; Venezuela, Apuré,

Palmarito 15-VIII-1954, I. Ortiz coll., 1 female; Venezuela, Yaracuy,

Farrias, 2-VIlI-54, I. Ortiz coll., 1 female.

TABANDS NEBULOSUS DeGeer (Map 3)

Tabanus nebulosus DeGeer 1776, Mem. Serv. l'Hist. Ins. 6:227, pl. 30,

figi2, female; Surinam, Philip 1952, Anw. Pat. Soce Amer. 45(2);

312, synonymy; 1969, Acta. Zool, Lilloana, 22:128-129. Coscar6n

1979, Obra Cent. Mus. LaPlata, 69206+267, figs. 4F to 4T.

Tabanus ferrifer Walker 1850, Ins. Saunders., Dipt. 1:30, female,

Barbadoes. Fairchild 1942, Ann, Ent. Soc. Amer., 35(4):444,

fig. 3, synonymy.

Coscaron (1979) has figured both sexes in detail, and given a full list

of references while Fairchild (1971) has updated the synonymy, which it

seems unnecessary to repeat here. There is a good deal of variation,

seemingly correlated with geography. This I recognized in 1971 by accepting

ornativentris Kroéber in a sub-specific sense for the dark heavily marked

specimens from the southern part of the species' range. This is the form

illustrated by Coscarén (l.c.). Specimens from as far north as Belize and

Nicaragua to Surinam and Venezuela are pale brown with large pale orange

pilose dorsolateral abdominal spots, pale femora concolorous with tibiae and

wings with hardly discernible clouds at fork and crossveins. Specimens from

the Amazon basin, Belém and Humboldt, Mato Grosso, are darker overall

with femora more or less dusky, but wings even less spotted. Material

from Paraguay (5 localities) and Argentina (Santa Fé) has very heavily

spotted wings, generally black femora and male eyes with a larger area of

enlarged facets, as noted by Philip (l.c. 1969). These differences are as

great or greater than those used to separate T. glaucus from nebulosus,

but unfortunately a single female from Dept. Beni, Bolivia, is quite pale,

28 ContribeMimer: bnt tucstg vol, 21, now 5) 1964

with yellowish femora and wing spots quite weak, though larger than in any

northern specimen seen. It also agreed well with a 'cotype' of ornativentris

in B.M., though much paler than a Paraguayan specimen compared and

agreeing with the holotype in Stuttgart. More material from critical areas

is needed for a final determination of the status of ornativentris.

In the Catalogue (Fairchild 1971) I placed nubeculipennis Kréber from

Venezuela as a synonym of nebulosus after study of its type in Vienna. I now

believe that it is more probably a synonym of glaucus, since Kréber notes

that the frons is narrowed above, a relatively rare condition in Tabanus, but

found in 6 of the ll examples of glaucus I measured, though not in any speci-

mens of nebulosus measured.

It is sometimes difficult to place specimens in this group, as variation

is considerable. Importunus usually has shorter and more inflated palpi,

wings more heavily infuscated, especially below stigma, clear or very pale

yellow costal cell, no median pale abdominal triangles, parallel or slightly

divergent frons, and reddish scutellum. Nebulosus has longer and slightly

less inflated palpi, paler wings with seldom any infuscation below stigma,

clear or more often pale yellow costal cell, median pale abdominal triangles

present in northern specimens, often absent in those from south of the

Amazon river, parallel or slightly divergent frons and usually dark reddish

scutellum. Femora of both importunus and nebulosusare usually yellow to

orange, but specimens with fore femora dusky to black are not uncommon and

some very dark specimens from Belem have all femora quite dusky basally.

Glaucus has longer and more slender palpi, wings evenly tinted but costal

cell dark yellow to orange and often the basal cells more or less infuscated.

Median abdominal pale pilose triangles often forming a slender stripe and

usually a slender black integumental streak on first 2 tergites. Frons nearly

always appearing narrowed above, so that divergence index is rarely over

1,00. Scutellum usually black, rarely reddish. Femora usually entirely

blackish, but in a few specimens only basally dusky or wholly orange.

Ornativentrisis structurally like nebulosus, but has heavily spotted wings,

infuscated femora, and the dorsolateral abdominal pale patches are reduced

to small oblique spots.

Frontal measurements of the available specimens give the following

maxima, minima and means of the frontal and divergence indices.

T) glevueus, Hvepecimena, 5. Or 4in(y gneem 5_l2 andl, 05-. 85. mean, 96;

T. pebulosus, Hiegpecimens, 5. (8-4. (1, mean 5.27 and 1.40-1,14, mean

1.25; Tai nebuloswsiormativentrie 6 specimens, 5:33+4,62, mean. 5, Ol, and

1. 66-1. 31, mean 1. 41.

TABANUS NEBULOSUS ORNATIVENTRIS Kroéber (Map 3)

Hybostraba ornativentris Kréber 1929.| Konowia 8:182, pl.-2, figs. 10, dels

Fairchild 1966, Studia Ent. 9(1-4):363.

In 1966 (1l.c.) I discussed the involved synonymy of this name and con-

cluded it was best treated as a southern subspecies of nebulosus DeG., as

it appears in the catalogue. The frontal indices of available specimens do

not differ appreciably from those of nebulosus. The accompanying map

indicates that the 2 forms are allopatric, though much further collecting

will be needed to more clearly define their ranges. See also the discussion

under, ]..,.mebulosus.

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 29

TABANUS NEMATOGALIUS bh. sp. (Fig. 1, Map 1)

A black species with very narrow frons, brown tinted wings, black

antennae, white beard, and usually closed lst posterior cell.

Female:: Length 18 mim.,. of wing 16..5 mm.: 4iyes bare, im life

greenish black, unpatterned. Head structures as figured. Frons black in

ground color, gray pollinose, the upper half thickly beset with short black

proclinate setae and a small bare spot at vertex. A postoccipital fringe of

stiff black setae mixed with longer lax silver hairs. Subcallus, frontoclypeus

and genae silvery white pollinose and with long white hairs. Antennae

entirely black, the scape gray pollinose, it and pedicel with black setae

dorsally, white ventrally. Palpi with long silvery hairs on first segment and

base of second, the terminal half or more of second segment with short

black setae. First segment dark gray in ground color, white pollinose.

Second segment yellowish white in ground color, whitish pollinose. Probos-

cis blackish brown, fleshy, the stylets slightly longer than palpi, less than

1/2 head height.

Integument of mesonotum blackish, the notopleural lobes, sutures and

extreme sides reddish, dark gray pollinose, clothed with reclinate and erect

short black setae and recumbent coppery hairs, the latter forming indistinct

dorsolateral stripes covering ends of transverse sutures and. sides of scu-

tellum. Prescutellar black spot faint, weakly defined laterally by small

paler hair tufts. Pleura black, dark gray pollinose, white pilose except for

a tuft of black hairs on mesopleuron. Coxae black, gray pollinose, largely

white pilose. Femora black, gray pollinose, dorsally black pilose, ventrally

white haired. Tibiae dark brown, wholly black pilose, as are tarsi. Wings

strongly brownish, the color filling basal and costal cells, elsewhere in the

form of broad margins to all veins. No appendix at fork of third vein, but

first posterior cell closed at margin in one wing, barely open in the other.

Halteres with orange stem, yellowish white knob. Calypters dusky, the

lower lobe with a tuft of silver hairs.

Abdomen with integument nearly black dorsally, bluish black pruinose,

black-haired except for very small median white hair tufts on posterior mar-

gins of tergites 1 to 6 and larger nearly circular white hair patches dorso-

laterally on tergites 2 to 5. Sides of tergites 1 to 4 have contrastingly white

integument and white pollinosity and pilosity. Beneath sternite lis yellowish

in ground color, the remaining sternites dusky with paler margins. Vestiture

of sternite lis white, the remainder have black hairs in the middle and at

the sides, with posterior marginal white pilose bands and a ventro- lateral

white stripe the length of abdomen on each side,

Holotype female, Brasil, AM, Manaus, R. Ducke, 20-X-68, R. L.

Dressler coll, Te berdeposited in IN, P.A,

Paratypes 15 females, Brasil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke,

Vil- VIll- 1981, light trap, Gy BB. Wairehild coll, .2 females: Amazonas,

Campina Research Sta., 60 Km. N. of Manaus 5-8-VIII-81, G. B.

Fairchild coll, , l. females; Manaus, Colonia Sta. Antonio 10=VII-70, T.

Pimentel coll. , 1 female;Venezuela, Bolivar, Rio Chicarra, 27-IX- 66,

R. L. Dressler coll,;, 1 fémale, Peru, Putumayo) By. Encanto 25-Viti- 20;

Cornell Univ. Exped., 2 females; Iquitos, ITI-IV-193l, R. C. Shannon and

24-26-Vi-74; J. EB, Gillaspy colli; 37 femalesy Pern, Madre de Dios: Rio

Tambopata Res., II-III-1982, Wilkerson coll. , 3 females; Colombia,

Amazonas, Leticia, JJ-1972, Ward and Forsyth colls., and 4-VI-79, on horse

30 Gontrib. Amero Pnt> Insets) vol 21y: nov 3, 1964

R. C. Wilkerson coll. Paratypes to be deposited in Canadian National

Collection; coll. J... Burger: 125. C,A4,5. Museu Goeldi, Belem; 1, Ny PuAg,

Manaus and the author.

The paratypes range from 16 to 21mm. The median white spots on the

abdomen are often reduced, absent or lost through abrasion, the wing

coloring varies somewhat in intensity and the first posterior cell may be

closed at margin, short petiolate, or narrowly open. The species can be

separated from discifer by having less orange hair on mesonotum, paler

wings without a dense and well marked black patch, entirely black antennae,

white or gray pilose beard and pleura, entirely white pilose hind margins on

all sternites, and closed or nearly closed first posterior cell. T. angusti-

frons differs-principally in having glass clear wings with first posterior cell

wide open and slightly less prominent dorsal antennal tooth. T. pellucidus

has similar venation, but less heavily brown wings, brown abdomen and legs

and usually larger white dorsal spots on abdomen.

I find it difficult to believe that such a seemingly abundant taxon has

not heretofore acquired a name, but I have been unable to fit it to any des-

cription. The name provided refers to the thread-like frontal callus.

TABANUS OLIVACEIVENTRIS Macquart (Fig. 17, Map 8)

Tabanus olivaceiventris Macquart 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 2:34(18).

Fairchild 1971 Cat. Dipt. Amer, south of U.S. 28:98, synonymy.

Wilkerson 1979, Cespedesia 8(31-32):380-382.

The original description is very brief and the type is apparently lost,

but the name has long been attached toa species common about Belem, Para,

Brasil and occurring elsewhere in northern South America. Fresh specimens

are easily recognized by the combination of pale gray thorax with a black

prescutellar spot, generally hyaline wings, and pale olive green abdomen.

The eyes are glaucous greenish with a shifting pattern of darker spots. In

well preserved specimens faint indications of 3 rows of paler pilose spots

forming a median and a pair of dorsolateral stripes on the abdomen are

sometimes apparent. The species is quite variable in size and wing color,

some specimens having quite smoky wings. The abdominal vestiture may be

all black, all yellow or with the stripes indicated above. The legs are

entirely pale in ground color. The male is much paler, the abdomen being

densely white pilose. The male eyes are not much enlarged, the area of

enlarged facets being about 1/2 eye area, fairly well differentiated from the

small facets but not very sharply demarcated. Specimens have been seen

from Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyane Francaise, Guyana, Suriname,

the states of Para and Amapa Brasil, and Trinidad. It is noteworthy that

most records are from near coastal localities.

TABANUS PELLUCIDUS Fabricius (Fig. 10, Map 1l)

Tabanus pellucidus Fabricius 1805, Syst. Antl., p. 97, female, Amer.

Merid. Wiedemann, 1821, Dipt. Exot. 1:70; 1828, Auss. Zweifl. Ins.

1:129. Kroéber, 1934, Rev. Ent. 4(3):313. Fairchild 1966, Psyche

13(1):23-24,;- type sGen,

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 3.1

Tabanus albibarbis Wiedemann 1824, Analect. Ent. p. 21; 1828, Auss.

Zweifl, Ins. 1:125-126, female, S. America. Fairchild 1967, Pacific

Ins. 9(1):96, type seen.

Tabanus senior Walker 1850, Ins. Saunders. Dipt. 1:67, female, unknown

locality.

Chelotabanus albibarbis:Kroéber 1932, Rev. Ent. 2(3):297-298, Surinam,

Br. Guiana.

Ghelommia albibarbis; Philip 1960, Proc. Gal. Acad. Sci. 31(3):98.

Chelommia melanocnemis Barretto 1957, Rev. Brasil. Malar. 8(1):83-84

(1956). Female, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. ? in part.

This species differs from other members of the group by a combination

of the following characters. Dark brown integument of both thorax and ab-

domen, the scutellum often apically reddish. White beard and white to

grayish pleural pilosity; antennae black. Integument of legs including coxae

brown. Integument of abdomen reddish brown, the anterior tergites some-

times semitranslucent. Abdomen bluish pruinose, black pilose, with both

median and dorsolateral white pilose triangles and circular patches, the

first often difficult to see in abraded specimens. Wings moderately brownish

infuscated, accentuated along the veins. First posterior cell usually closed

and petiolate, at most narrowly open. Beneath the abdomen is largely white

pilose, but with a broad median black pilose stripe or row of connected spots.

The prescutellar dark pilose spot is quite evident in most specimens.

I have studied, aside from the types of the names listed above, the

following specimens. Guyana: Mallali, Br. Guiana, 4-31-07, 2 females,

det. Hine as "'Tabanus clausus Coq.'' and 'Tabanus olivaceiventris Macq."

same locality, 5-15-07, 1 female, all three in Ohio State University.

Venezuela, Estado Sucre, Guariquen 4-10-54, I. Ortiz coll., 1 female; Delta

Amacuro, San Francisco de Guayo 27-XII-52, I. Ortiz coll. Suriname,

Zanderij Id., 17-22-VI-64, 1 female and 18-21-VII-64, 2 females, D.C.

Geijskes coll. Colombia, Meta, Carimagua, Tropical Dry Forest, 20-XI-74,

some on cow, 10 females, R. Wilkerson coll. Peru, Madre de Dios, Rio

Tambopata Reserve, 30 Km. SW Pto. Maldonado VII, X, XI-1982, 46 females,

R. Wilkerson colt,

There is some confusion as to the identity of this species, perhaps due

to Fabricius having 2 specimens before him. Wiedemann (1828, p. 129)

redescribes the Fabrician specimen he studied as follows (free translation):

"Feelers reddish yellow, second segment and tip of third brown. Beard

deep yellow, lower face gray, frons yellowish with simple shiny ridge. The

mesonotum with anterior part a little pale grayish, the pleura brownish

haired. Abdomen dark ocher brown, venter paler. Wings a little smoky

gray, the anterior veins brown margined. Legs dark ocher brown, the

anterior nearly black.'' This contrasts with Fabricius' brief description

which says (free translation): ''Large. Head grayish hairy, antennae black.

Thorax blackish, weakly reddish striped. Abdomen subtransparent, reddish,

anus darkened. Wings whitish. Legs black.'' This does not disagree with

the specimen I] studied from the Copenhagen collection. The other specimen,

from the Kiel collection, was so badly preserved that I could see little ex-

cept that the wing had the first posterior cell open, not closed and petiolate.

Such a careful worker as Wiedemann could hardly have drawn his description

from the presently labelled Fabrician type. Kréber (1934) did not see

specimens, or study the type.

52. Contrib Aimer.° Ent. Insti; vol. -21,%n0, 73,1964

The determination of the proper names for species in this group is

most difficult. Either there are 1 or 2 very variable species ranging pretty

much throughout the northern half of the continent, as I once believed, ora

swarm of closely similar taxa separable on apparently trivial, though con-

sistent, color characters, as now seems to be the case, Their large size

and relative abundance in areas accessible to the early collectors resulted

in the proposal of numerous names, as can be seen in the listings under

pellucidus in the Catalogue (Fairchild 1971). My conviction that there was but

one variable species arose partly through having very few specimens to

compare with the types, and these in many cases in not much better condition

than the often very incomplete types, so that I tended to ignore the small

differences in my anxiety to have specimens compared and agreeing with

the types. With the acquisition of reasonably good series of fresh material,

it is evident that quite small differences may be important, and that many of

my type comparisons of 1953 (Fairchild 1956) and 1964 (Fairchild 1966, 1967,

1967a, 1967b) are in need of revision. Since I cannot now re-examine all

these type specimens, J am forced to make some possibly arbitrary decisions

as to the names to be used for the various taxa recognized here. I hope that

enough descriptive and illustrative information is included in the present

review to enable the various forms to be recognized and my placements

corrected by later students. This is especially true in the case of names

placed in synonymy, where I have had to depend more on re-evaluation of

the original descriptions rather than on what I or others have said or done

previously.

Philip (1960) established the synonymy of senior with albibarbis after

study of both types. Melanocnemis is placed on the basis of the description.

It was described from specimens from upper Rio Negro, Amazonas

(holotype) and British Guiana (Paratypes). I studied the latter and concluded

they were the same as crassicornis, with open first posterior cell. Barretto

does not mention the condition of the cell, but his description can apply

equally well to pellucidus with closed or strongly coarctate cell.

TABANUS PICHIVENTRIS Rondani (Figs. 14, 15, Map 2)

Tabanus piceiventris Rondani 1848, Stud. Ent. Turin 1:106, female, Brasil.

Philip 1965, J. Med. Ent. 2(2):121. Fairchild 1971, Cat. S. A. Dipt.,

28:99, synonymy.

Tabanus basivitta Walker 1850, Newman's Zoologist 8:68, female, Para.

Fairchild 1956, Smiths. Miscell Coll. 131(3):12.

Tabanus bitinctus Walker 1857, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, NS 4(5):123,

female, Para.

Tabanus viduus Walker 1850 Newman's Zoologist. 8:68, female, Para.

I have seen the types of all the above names. The species has not

previously been figured. It is a nearly wholly dark brown species showing

considerable variation in size and degree of infuscation. The eyes are

greenish bronze in life, without stripes, but with a shifting pattern like

watered silk. The antennae are dark brown to black, the slender palpi brown,

black pilose, the face and cheeks grayish brown, the beard yellowish to

nearly black. The mesonotum has blackish integument, thinly dark brown

pollinose and with black and yellow brown hairs ina variable mixture. The

scutellum may be concolorous or slightly lighter than mesonotum, but there

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) a3

is always an obscure pair of pale pollinose spots anterior to a patch of black

pollinosity between mesonotum and scutellum. These spots are usually more

evident in denuded specimens, but are not evident in any of the males I have

seen. The legs are dark brown, black haired, the femora, especially the

fore pair generally slightly darker than tibiae. The fore tibiae are not

bicolored, though they may be slightly paler basally. Wings without appendix

but the first posterior cell slightly coarctate, more or less infuscated basally

and anteriorly, often with anterior veins and fork with accentuated brown

margins, In some areas the wings are nearly hyaline, only costal and basal

cells showing some infuscation. Abdomen reddish brown to nearly black,

brown pollinose, dorsally entirely black pilose, ventrally yellowish to orange

pilose, as are the extreme lateral margins of at least tergites | to 5. Hal-

teres with brown stem and yellow knob. The smallest specimen seen

measured 12.5 mm. with wing of 1l mm., the largest was 20 mm. with wing

OL Its ae,

Specimens from the vicinity of Manaus are exceptionally dark, with

distal half of wings nearly hyaline, while specimens from the region around

Belém are browner in body color but with more extensively infuscated wings.

Specimens from Surinam, eastern Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia are like those

from Belém. An occasional specimen shows a black integumental streak on

tergites land 2, like the type of basivitta Walk. I at one time felt that the

Manaus population represented a distinct taxa, but except for paler wings,

I cannot distinguish them from the presumably typical Para specimens. A

single female from Serra do Navio, Amapa, is like the Manaus material but

is the specimen I compared and found to agree with Rondani's type in Naples.

A male from Belém, APEG forest (Mocambo) 29-VII to 6-VIII-1974,

D.G. Young coll. has the upper eye facets well differentiated and demarcated

from the small facets, in a patch occupying about 1/2 eye area, with a broad

occipital band of small facets. There is a small tubercle sunk between the

eyes at vertex. It differs from sympatric females only in having more

slender antennae, a black beard and dark brown facial pollinosity, and having

the abdominal venter entirely dark pilose. Another male from Fordlandia

on Tio Tapajés, though old and faded, is like the one from Belém. Should

males from Manaus prove conspicuously different, the status of that form will

need to be reconsidered and the various type specimens recompared. Dis-

tribution of material seen by me is shown on the accompanying map. It was

very abundant at the Rio Tambopata Reserve in E. Peru in Feb.-Mar. 1982,

387 females being taken in a flight trap.

T. piceiventris can generally be separated from similar regional

species on the structure of head and appendages, dark slender antennae,

unmarked dorsally dark pilose abdomen, orange or yellowish pilose beneath,

normal venation, and vestiges of a prescutellar spot.

TABANUS PUNCTIPLEURA Hine (Map 4)

Tabanus punctipleura fime 1920, ‘Ohio J. Sei: 20(8)7314-415,: female, Costa

Rica, Fairchild 1946, Amn, Ent. Soc. Amer, G69(4)2509-570,° Pl. 1,

fig. 4.

Tabanus (Lophotabanus) defilippiisKrober 1929, Zool. Anz. 83(1-4):126-127,

fig, ev Not. T, detilipoy Bellardi 1859, misdet.

34 Contribs Aimer. sont. Inst.oe vel. Zino 3e 1964

One of the largest American species of Tabanus, reaching a body length

of 23 mm. and wing length of 22 mm. It is an overall dark brown species

with brown tinted wings, the costal cell yellowish brown, venation normal.

Beard, facial and frontal pollinosity and pleural pilosity yellowish brown with

a prominent tuft of black pilosity below wing bases. Antennae black, witha

long dorsobasal spine on basal plate. Mesonotum dark brown, gray pollinose,

dark pilose, with a prominent black pilose prescutellar spot bordered later-

ally with small tufts of bright yellowish white hairs. Scutellum concolorous

or somewhat reddish. Legs very dark reddish brown, the femora slightly

darker, mostly orange pilose but hind tibiae with a prominent posterior

fringe of long black hairs. Abdomen black or nearly so, dorsally unmarked,

bluish pruinose, the extreme posterolateral corners of tergites 1 to 4 with

small pale yellow hair tufts. Venter as dorsum with occasional scattered

pale hairs on hind margins of some sternites, but mainly black pilose. The

eyes in life are light yellowish green, without bands.

All recorded specimens have come from a small area on the Atlantic

or Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and adjoining Panama. The most similar

species seems to be T. glaucus, with a similar frons and antennae, though

there are numerous differences.

TABANUS SANNIO Fairchild (Map 7)

Tabanus sannio Fairchild 1956 Smiths. Miscell, Colls. 131(3):11-12, nom. nov.

pro Tabanus austeni Kroéber 1930. Not T. (Ochrops) austeni Szil. 1915.

Tabanus (Phaeotabanus) austeni Kréber 1930 Zool. Anz. 86(11-12):294,

figs. 15, 15a, female, Amazonas.

A moderate sized species with wing lengths of 12-13 mm., the thorax

with a broad white pollinose stripe its full length, covering all of scutellum.

Legs dark brown, wholly black pilose except white pilose fore coxae. Hind

tibiae with prominent hind marginal fringe. Abdomen blackish with white

pilose median triangles on tergites 2 to 6, much larger on 2 and 4. Tergite

1 all white pilose and 2 to 6 white pilose laterally. Venter white pollinose and

sparsely white pilose. Wings hyaline with a complicated pattern of blackish

spots which consists of large patches in marginal and first submarginal cells

beyond stigma and in apical half of anal cell and much of axillary cell, clouds

at all cross veins and fork of third vein, and small spots in center of discal

cell and in centers of all cells from 2nd submarginal to 5th posterior,

The type in B,.M, is labelled 'Amazon 66/53" and a paratype, now

headless, is labelled "Amazon Ega 58/6'' which may be what Krober published

as ''Ago on the Rio" at the end of his description. His figure shows the frons

too broad, index 4, while his description gives itas 5.5. His figure of the

wing is not inaccurate, though the apical dark spot and that in the anal cell

are more diffuse than the other dark spots. My measurements of frons of

3 specimens from Belém, Manaus and Madre de Dios, Peru, give frontal

indices of 5.3, 5.2 and 4.9. The specimen from Belém and the 2 from

Manaus were taken in traps set in the forest canopy, so the species, like

xenorhynchus, is probably arboreal. My Brazilian specimens were taken

in Aug. 1981, those tfom Peruiin Nov. 1979,,.June and Oct, 1982.

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 50

TABANUS SUBVIOLACEUS Fairchild (Map 7)

Tabanus subviolaceus Fairchild 1961 Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz, 59(3):291-293,

fig. 5, female. G, Palo. rac.

A blackish species with dark brown costal cells and slender dark

brown antennae, but without conspicuous pale markings on thorax or abdomen.

Only the types are so far known, the holotype and 1 paratype probably collec-

ted by Zikan in 1938, but without locality, the remaining paratype from some-

where in the state of S40 Paulo. It may prove to be no more than an

extremely dark form of basilaris Kréb. when good series become available.

TABANUS UNIMACULA Kré6ber (Map 7)

Tabanus (Phaeotabanus) unimaculatus Kroéber 1930, Zool. Anz. 86(11-12):

280-281,.figs. 3, 3a, female, Surinam. Not Macquart 1834.

Tabanus (Phaeotabanus) unimacula Kréber 1934, Rev. Ent. 4(2-3):306 nom.

nov. pro T. (Ph. ) unimaculatus. Krober 1930,

? Philipotabanus (Mimotabanus) unimacula: Fairchild 1971, Cat. Dipt. S.

Amer. 28:80; 1975, Ann, Ent. Soc. Amer. 68(4):689, not seen.

A moderately large species 16-18 mm. in body length, black with a

white pilose and pollinose mesonotum and scutellum and a large white trape-

zoid on tergite 4. Legs entirely black, with long hind marginal fringes on

hind tibiae. Wings hyaline with costal cell and most of wing proximal to

stigma heavily infuscated. This black area is irregular posteriorly, not

reaching hind margin, but with a spur along third vein to fork and paler areas

in discal and second basal cells. The head structures are like those of other

members of the xenorhynchus group with slender flattened palpi, long

proboscis and slender black antennae.

Krober's description (1930a) is fairly accurate, though his figures are

not so good. The types were supposed to be in Halle, but were not received

with other Krdéber material kindly lent me by Dr. J. Husing previous to 1965.

This led to my misplacing the species in 197l and 1975, Loan of 2 near per-

fect specimens from Ecuador, Napo prov., Limoncocha, Rio Playaco,

23-VIII-1980, collected in a Malaise trap by Knopf and Dunkle, from my

colleague Richard Wilkerson, has permitted proper placement of the species.

These specimens agree very well with Kréber's description, though they

differ somewhat from his figures. It is possible that examination of Surinam

material may cause a revision of the status of these Ecuadorian specimens,

though such a wide distribution is not unusual. The wing pattern is very

similar to that of T. discifer, but the latter is a larger stouter insect with

much narrower frons, small white dorsolateral spots on abdomen, anda

prominent dorsal tooth or hook on basal plate of antenna. Subsequently my

colleague, I. S. Gorayeb sent another specimen from Peixe Boi, Para. It

is now in Museu Goeldi, Belem.

TABANUS XENORHYNCHUS Fairchild (Map 7)

Tabanus xenorhynchus Fairchild 1947, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. (1946) 39(4):

Sta, pl. 4, Mees a,c, “Pemele;, male Panama. 19717 Cat. Dist. .S:

Am. 28:104, Guatemala to Panama

36 Conmtribe Amer nbptsdnste, wool, Zivot s> 1964

A moderate sized species, 15-18 mm., dark brown to black, witha

white margined scutellum and mesonotum, small median white spots on

tergites 1, 2, 4, 5 and sometimes 6, much larger on 4, and white pilose

patches on sides of tergites 1 to 3. Legs wholly black pilose, the hind tibiae

with a posterior fringe of long black hairs. Wings smoky infuscated except

for a hyaline patch which includes most of discal cell and basal halves of

marginal, Ist submarginal and lst posterior cells between ends of basal cells

and fork of third vein. In addition, all cross veins and fork of third vein

are surrounded by large round densely infuscated clouds.

The species has been taken frequently at light and in the forest canopy,

but’rarely at-ground level,

TABANUS XU TPHOPOGON nivsp. (Pies 4, Mapcl2)

A narrow-fronted brown species with black antennae very similar to

discus Wied. but with beard and pleural pilosity yellowish brown and with

3 rows of small yellow pilose spots on the abdomen.

Female. Length 18 mm., of wing 16 mm. Eyes bare, without pattern

but the color in life not recorded. Frons yellowish brown pollinose beset

with short black pilosity on upper half. Callus reddish brown. Vertex

darker, subshiny. Occiput gray with long lax sparse pale hairs becoming

shorter and darker and forming a fringe of bristles close to upper eye mar-

gin. Subcallus concolorous with frons. Frontoclypeus paler, yellowish

gray, genae with yellowish gray pollinosity and yellowish brown beard.

Antennae as figured, scape and pedicel dark reddish, densely black pilose,

third segment velvety black or very dark brown, Palpi yellowish gray

pollinose, pilosity largely black, but with brassy hairs basally and ventrally.

Proboscis with membranous dull theca and labella, about 1/3 longer than

palpi.

Mesonotum with dark reddish brown integument, grayish brown polli-

nose, the notopleural lobes and lateral margins paler. Pilosity of dark

brown erect hairs and shiny orange recumbent hairs, vestiture of notopleural

lobes long, blackish, erect, and tufts of longer yellow brown hairs just

posterior to wing bases. A small patch of short dense black pilosity on pre-

scutellum but scutellum concolorous with mesonotum. Wings with venation

normal, first posterior cella little narrowed distally. Veins light brown,

costal cell yellow, membrane faintly brownish tinted along veins. Pleura

yellowish gray pollinose, yellow to brown pilose, including coxae, and with

a denser tuft of blackish erect pilosity below wing insertions. Legs black

and black pilose except for orange pilosity on bases and posterior aspect of

mid and hind femora. Halteres brown with pale yellow knob.

Abdomen with light orange brown integument, the first 2 tergites

somewhat bluish pruinose. Dorsal surface black pilose except for small

yellow pilose median tufts on terga 1 to 6, and small, round, faint pale pilose

dorsolateral spots on terga 2 to.5. Extreme lateral margins of terga | to

4 with at least some pale yellow pilosity. Beneath the abdomen is subshiny,

largely pale yellow pilose, but with black pilosity forming an indistinct broad

median stripe and narrow lateral stripes.

Holotype female, Iquitos, Peru, Mar.-April 1931, R.C. Shannon. The

specimen is in near perfect condition, only the tip of one wing worn. To

be deposited in F,S.C.A,

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) a

Paratypes: Colombia, Amazonas, 9 km. “N. Leticia, 3-VI-1979, on

horse, R. Wilkerson ccll.,1 female; Peru, Rio Samiris, 140 meters,

ot=VITt-1952, (GO. P, legs -btematlesioreto, Caticebus Research Station,

Mishana, Rio Nanay, 25 km. SW Iquitos, 120m. elev., 10-17-I-1980,

Tropical Wét- Forest,. J.B. Heppner, 3 females; = Beugdor, Nepo-prov.,

Limoncocha vicinity, 22-7-VIII-1980, netted, Dunkle and Knopf, 2 females;

same locality, Playaco river, malaise trap, 23-8-VIII-80, 1 female;

Brasil, Para, Urucurituba, 1 April. .C,H.T; Townsend; 1 female: Pard,

Rio Gu rupi, Canindé, 9-IV-63, B. Malkin, 1 female. To be deposited in

U.S.N.M.; M.G.Z., Mus. Goeldi and collections of R. Wilkerson and the

author. The name is from Greek, signifying a tawny or yellowish brown

beard.

The paratypes vary a little, some having extreme bases of tibiae

reddish, or lacking pale abdominal spots, which seem easily lost and, not

being underlain by pale integument or pollinosity, are often not visible in

rubbed specimens. The holotype and the paratype from Urucurituba were

compared to Krober's type of T. cervinus in 1964 and noted to be in fair

agreement, but this was before the complexity of the group was appreciated.

According to the original description, cervinus has white beard and whitish

gray pleural hairs and white dorsal hair tufts on abdomen, thus agreeing

with discus rather than the present taxon. Xuthopogon is very similar to

discus, differing chiefly in the yellow to brown color of the pilosity and

pollinosity of face and pleura, generally more brownish integument of thorax

and usually more evident pale pollinose abdominal markings.

CHECK LIST OF SYNONYMS AND HOMONY MS

The following check list contains 53 names believed to be junior

synonyms, or homonyms, of species discussed here. Full references to all

will be found in Fairchild (1971). They are listed alphabetically here to save

space rather than with their respective senior synonyms.

albibarbis Wied. 1824= crassicornis Wied. 1821

albidicollis Macq. 1850 = importunus Wied. 1828

alboater Walk. 1850 = crassicornis Wied. 1821

albomaculatus Walk. 1854 = discifer Walk. 1850

albopruinosus Krédb. 1930 Not Szil. 1923 = amazonensis Barr. 1949

atricornis Bigot 1892 =scrassicornis,Wied, 1821

austeni Krob. 1930 Not Szilady 1915 = sannio Fchld. 1956

basivitta Walk. 1850 = piceiventris Rond. 1848

bicolor Thunb. 1827 Not Wied. 1821 = fuscus Wied. 1819

bitinctus Walk. 1857 = piceiventris Rond. 1848

cervinus Krob. 1929 = discus Wied. 1828

cinerarius Wied. 1828 = glaucus Wied. 1819

clausus Macq. 1847 = fuscus Wied. 1819

communis Krob. 1930 = discus Wied: 1828

confligens Walk. 1854 = glaucus Wied. 1819

coriarius Krob. 1934 nom. nud. = olivaceiventris Macq. 1847

druyvesteijni Szil. 1926 = nebulosus DeG. 1776

erythraeus Bigot 1892 p. 687 Not Big. 1892 p. 661 = fuscus Wied. 1819

ferreus Walk. 1848 = fuscus Wied. 1819

38 Contribs Amer, fat tinct... vol, .2i; mos! oy 1984

ferrifer Walk. 1850 = nebulosus DeG. 1776

flavibarbis Macq. 1846 = guyanensis Macq. 1846

grandis Kroéb.1931 Not Sail. 19235 = glaucus: Wied. 1819

guttigaster Kroéb. 1934 = discifer Walk. 1850

guttiventris Krdb. 1929 Not Enderlein 1925 = discifer Walk. 1850

imponens Walk. 1857 = olivaceiventris Macq. 1847

impressus Wied. 1828 = fuscus Wied. 1819

incertus Macq. 1838 = nebulosus DeG. 1776

infuscatipennis Surc. 1919 nom. nud. = discus Wied. 1828

interpunctus Lutz 1918 nom. nud. = ornativentris Kr&8b. 1929

lividus Walk. 1848 = importunus Wied. 1828

macquarti Kréb. 1930 Not Schiner 1886 = lutzi Krdb. 1934

melanocnemis Barr. 1957 =crassicornis Wied. 1821

monochroma Wied. 1828 = fuscus Wied. 1819

monogramma Wied. 1828 p. 150 = importunus Wied. 1828 p. 127

multimaculatus Lutz 1909 nom. nud. = guyanensis Macq. 1846

neoinnotescens Krdb. 1931 = corpulentus Bréthes 1910

nigropalpis Kroéb. 1931 Not nigripalpis Macq. 1846 = subviolaceus Fchld.

nubeculipennis Kr&b. 1931 = nebulosus DeG. 1776

piceus Thunb. 1827 = fuscus Wied. 1819

pulverulentus Big. 1892 = olivaceiventris Macq. 1847

punctum Rond. 1848 = olivaceiventris Macq. 1847

robustus Kr8b. 1929 Not Taylor 1919 = fortis Fchld. 1961

rubrinotatus Big. 1892 = guyanensis Macq. 1846

rufoniger Walk. 1850 = discus Wied. 1828

semisordidus Walk. 1854 = importunus Wied. 1828

senior Walk. 1850 = pellucidus Fab. 1805

simplex Big. 1892 Not Walk. 1850 = indecisus Big. 1892

surinamensis Macq. 1838 = nebulosus DeG. 1776

tenens Walk. 1850 = glaucus Wied. 1819

transversalifuscatus Kr&8b. nom. nud. = nebulosus DeG. 1776

valterii Macq. 1838 = importunus Wied. 1828

viduus Walk. 1850 = piceiventris Rond. 1848

viridescens Kr&b. 1931 = olivaceiventris Macq. 1847

CHECK LIST OF EXCLUDED NAMES, WITH REASONS

amapaensis Fairchild. Long appendix at fork.

antarcticus Linnaeus. Long appendix. Scutellar spot present,

bigoti Bellardi 1859, Not east ‘of Andes.

brevifrons Krober 1931. Still unrecognized. 14 mm. Said to be like

piceiventris Rond. but smaller. Rio de Janeiro.

brevitrianguliferus Krdber 1931. Still unrecognized. 14 mm. Male from

Venezuela, destroyed; female loc. unknown, lost.

campestris Bréthes 1910. Not north of Argentina. Lineola group.

chalcothrix Fairchild 1961. Long appendix.

fumomarginatus Hine 1920. Scutellar spot present.

fuscofasciatus Macquart 1838. Mostly Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina.

Anas yet unresolved species complex of brown species with mid-

dorsal black abdominal integumental stripe.

hirtitibia Walker 1850. Mainly Andean, related to bigoti.

lineifrons Lutz 1912. Long appendix.

1961

G. B. Fairchild; Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) a9

macquarti Schiner 1868. Mainly Central American, Bigoti group.

melanogaster Bréthes 1910. Argentina; too small; fuscofasciatus group.

miles Wiedemann 1828. Long appendix; rather small.

mucronatus Fairchild 1961. Too small. Abdomen pointed.

neglectus Kréber 1931. Still unrecognized, 11-13 mm. Too small.

neovestitus Krdber 1931, 15 mm., long appendix, unknown locality.

nigrofemoratus Krober 1929. Male. Bolivia, probably in fuscofasciatus

complex.

pachypalpus Bigot. Ecuador; bigoti group.

perplexus Walker 1850. Andean; bigoti group.

peruvianus Macquart 1848. Andean; bigoti group.

prunicolor Lutz 1912. A Stypommisa.

pseudoculus Fairchild 1942. Long appendix; scutellar spot.

rubidus Macquart 1847, not Wiedemann 1821. Still unrecognized. Guyane

Fr. Type headless.

rubripes Macquart 1838. Long appendix; scutellar spot.

sorbillans Wiedemann 1828. Long appendix.

strigimaculus Fairchild 1942. Long sppendix.

surifer Fairchild 1964. Andean and Central America; bigoti group.

tenuistria Krober 1931. Espirito Santo. 16mm. Type lost. Still

unrecognized.

thiemeana Enderlein 1925. Andean; bigoti group.

unipunctatus Bigot 1892. Scutellar spot. Small.

vestitus Wiedemann 1819. Long appendix.

weyrauchi Barretto 1949. Andean; bigoti group.

REFERENCES

Bequaert, J. 1926. Medical Report of the Hamilton Rice Seventh Expedi-

tion to the Amazon, in conjunction with the Dept. of Tropical

Medicine of Harvard University, 1924-1925, Part II. Medical and

Economic Entomology. Harvard Univ., Contrib. Inst. Leen. Brea,

and Med., 4:155-257, 9 figs. pls. 61-67 (Tabanidae pp. 214-235),

Bequaert, J. 1940. Tabanidae of the Island of Trinidad, B.W.I. Bull Ent.

Res. 30(4):447-453,

Bequaert, J. 1940a. The Tabanidae of the Antilles. Rev. Ent. 11(1-2);

253-369, 33 figs.

Borgmeier, T. 1933. A proposito da nomenclatura das Tabanidae da regio

neotropica. Rev. Ent., 3(3):286-303.,

Goscarén, §. 1979. Notas sobre Tabanidos Argentinos XV. El genero

Tabanus Linnaeus. Obra Centen. Mus. La Plata, 6:251-278, fig. 1-7,

Fairchild, G, B. 1956. Synonymical notes on Neotropical flies of the

family Tabanidae. Smiths. Miscell. Colls. IS U3}rl-38.

Fairchild, G, B. 1961. The Adolpho Lutz collection of Tabanidae II. Status

of the names published without description. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo

Cruz, 59(3):279-295, 5 figs.

Fairchild, G. B. 1966. Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae. VIII. The species

described by J. C. Fabricius. Psyche 73(1):17-25, 3 figs.

Fairchild,,G. B. 1967. Idem. VII. The species described by J.C.R.

Wiedemann. Pacific Ins. 9(1):73-104, figs. 1-21,

Fairchild, G. B. 1967a. Idem. IX. The species described by Otto Krober

Studia Entomol, 9(104):329-379, 33 figs.

40 Contribs Amer.<Bat. inst.) ‘vol. Zi, e633. 1984

Fairchild, G. B. 1967b. Idem. X. The species described by J.R. Schiner

and, others, IPaciftie Ins.29(2):243-256, fics, 1-12,

Fairchild, G. B. 1971. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south

of the United States, fase. 28; Tabanidae, (Mus: ' Zool.’ Univ. Sao

Paulo, 1-163.

Krober, O. 1929. Ergebnisse einer Zoologischem Sammelreise nach

Brasilien, insbesondere das Amazonasgebiet, ausgefuhrt von

Dr He Zerny.o 1 Pew, “Diptera: Pabanidae.. Ann. Naturhist.: Mus.

Wien, 43:244- 255,13 figs,

Krober,Q. 1930. Die Untergattung Macrocornus Lutz und Chlorotabanus

Lutz... ZOol, Anz. Of(lez)ci-ls,. fiesq2l=13.

Krober, O. 1930a, Die Tabaniden untergattung Phaeotabanus Lutz.

Zool, Ang. 86(11+12)2273-300,- 25 figs:

Zool, Anz. 96:49-61,. 9-figs.,

neotropischen Region. Rev. dint. 2(3)<289-302, 3 figs.

incluindo o Mexico eas Antilhas. Rev. Ent. 4(2):222-26 and

(3)529i-333.

Moucha, J. 1969. Die Gattungen und Untergattungen der Tabanidae.

Angew. Parasit. 10(3):170-184.

Philip, C. B. 1960. Further records of neotropical Tabanidae mostly from

Pers Proc... Galil, (Acad) Sci. piSert 4,031(3)269-102, Inti.

Philip, Cy B.vtand'G. (B.. Fairehildy 1956, wAmerican. biting flies of the

genera Chlorotabanus Lutz and Cryptotylus Lutz. Ann. Ent. Soc.

Amer. 49(4)2313<524. (fie .~ koe pl. 1,

Stone, A. 1938. The horse flies of the subfamily Tabanidae of the Nearctic

Pegion. “U.S. Dep) Aeric, Miscell. Publ. No.305, pp. 4-171, 79 figs.

Szilady, Z. 1926. New and old world horse flies. Biol. Hungarica l(7):1-30,

plod tess te 7:

Wiedemann, uC. BR. We 1828. Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten,

1:1-608, 7 plates.

Wilkerson, R. G. 1979. Horse flies (Diptera:Tabanidae) of the Colombian

departments of Choco, ‘Valle, and Cauca. Gespedesia, 8(31-32):87-435,

figs. 1-119.

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 41

FIGURES

AND

MAPS

42 Contribs’. Amer. inte citists,ivol. 2k. nd. 3, 19S4

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES

All figures are to the same scale, shown beside fig. 1, and were

drawn with the aid of a built-in camera lucida on a Wild binocular micro-

scope. Allare of female frons, antenna and palpus unless otherwise

indicated.

Pige) Tile;

Fig. l. T. amazonensis Barr., Brasil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva

Ducke, 30-VI-1970, T. Pimental coll.

Fig. 2. T. angustifrons Macq. Brasil, Amazonas, Rio Branco, Sororoca,

I-IxX-24, J. Bequaert coll., homotype, det. as alboater Wlk. by

J. Bequacrt;

Fig. 3. TT. discifer Walk., Brasil, Para, Ilha do Marajé, compared and

agreeing with types of discifer Walk. and albomaculatus Walk.

Fig. 4. T. xuthopogon n. sp. holotype, Peru, Iquitos, Mar.-April 1931,

R. G. Shannon coll.

Fig. 5. T. xuthopogon n. sp. paratype, Brasil, Para, Urucurituba, 1 April,

C.H.T. Townsend coll., compared and in fair agreement with

type of T. cervinus Krob.

Fig. 6; T. discus Wied. Br. Guiana, Mazaruni river, Forest Settlement,

29 Aug. 1935, N.A. Weber coll. No. 338. Compared and

agreeing with type of discus in Berlin.

Fig. ?. T. ¢crassicornis Wied., Suriname, Republiek, 29 Sept. 1963.

D.C. Geijskes coll., compared and agreeing, though smaller,

with type of crassicornis in Copenhagen.

Fig. 8. T. crassicornis Wied., Brasil, Amapd, Serra do Navio, 29-IV-

1957, J. Lane leg., compared and agreeing with paratype of

T. melanocnemis Barr. in London.

rig. 9%. P.\tieeus Wied. Brasil, S. Paulo, Rib. Préto, 28-X-54. Barretto

coll., in close agreement with type of fuscus in Vienna..

Fig. 9a. Male palpus of T. fuscus, Brasil, Sta. Catarina, Nova Teutonia

28-I-1960, Plaumann coll.

Fig. 9b. Male palpus of variant fuscus, Brasil, SAo Paulo, Butantan,

22-J-1918, A. Esteves coll.

Fig. lO. T. pellucidus Fab., Venezuela, Delta Amacuro, S. Francisco de

Guayo, 27-XTI-52, I. Ortiz coll., compared and agreeing with

types of pellucidus Fab., Copenhagen, albibarbis Wied.,

Copenhagen, and senior Walk., London.

Fig. ll. T. nematocallus n. sp., holotype, Brasil, Manaus, Res. Ducke,

20-X-68, R. L. Dressler coll.

Fig. 12. T. sannio Fchld., Brasil, AM., Manaus, Parque Laranjeiras,

29-VII-81, arboreal flight trap, Fairchild coll.

Fig. 13. T. basilaris Krober, Brasil, Minas Gerais, Lassance, 20-31-I-39,

Martins, Lopes e Mangabeira colls., compared and agreeing with

type of basilaris in Vienna.

Fig. 14. T. piceiventris Rond., Brasil, Amazonas, Manaus, campus

Universit. 26-VIII-78, Malaise trap, J. A. Rafael coll.

Figs 28. DT. piceiventets Rond,, Brasil, Para, Belém, APEG forest,

29-VII to 6-VIII-74, flight trap, D.G. Young coll., the abnormal

antenna from another specimen same data.

G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 43

TSN

—

YG,

Yi,

Yccittt

angustifrons

amazonensis xuthopogon

discifer

crassicornis

xuthopogon Beene

pellucidus nematocallus

sannio

basilaris

piceiventris piceiventris

Figs.

Fig.

Fag,

Eng,

Fig.

[guess

Contrib. Amera Ent. Inst. , vol. 21, no. 3,°1984

1o).=.29. ‘See preceeding page for explanation

16.

Lz.

ig.

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rAC

dds

ara

29%

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25a.

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fac

Ts, Matzi Krober, Venezuela, Apuré, Guardualito, June 1924,

M. Grisol leg.

T. olivaceiventris Macq. Brasil, Para, Belém, 2-IX-43, R. M.

Gilmore coll., compared and agreeing with types of imponens

Walk, and pulverulentus Bigot in London.

T. guyanensis Macq., Brasil, Parad, Aurd, no date.

T. comosus Stone, Venezuela, Rio Orinoco, Ist camp below

Barancas village, 3-II-35, N.A. Weber coll,

TT: glaucus-Wied., Brasil, Mato Grosso, Maracaju, Apr.-May

1937, Shannon and Fairchild colls., compared and agreeing with

lectotype of glaucus in Vienna.

T. indecisus Bigot, Brasil, Para, Belém, VII-1931, R. C. Shannon

coll., compared and agreeing with type of indecisus in London.

T. antunesin. sp., Brasil, Bahia. Uheus;. Aue.1934, PG.A.

Antunes coll., paratype.

T. duckei n. sp., Colombia, Serra de Cupaty, Rio Japura,

(Caqueta), perto da fronteira do Brasil, XI-1912, A. Ducke coll.

paratype.

T. casteetus n. n., Brasil, Amazonas, Rio Vaupes, Taracud,

3/2 1924, Melin coll., compared and in fair agreement with type

of testaceus Macq. in Paris.

T. itaituba n. sp., Brasil, Para, ec eaten: K-1959,

M. Alvarenga leg., holotype.

T. itaituba n,. sp. antenna only, Brasil, Para, Transamazonica,

neue - Altamira Km. 25, Dec. 1971, K.D.W. coll., paratype.

. corpulentus Brethes, Paraguay. Villarica, f.Schade coll.

no date, compared and agreeing with type of neoinnotescens Kréb.

in Munich, the male palpus Brasil, S@o Paulo, S. José dos

Camapos,.X11-1954, H..s... hopes coll.

T. humboldti n. sp., Brasil, Mato Grosso, Rio Aripuana,

Humboldt. 59 27'W. 1010'S, i2-16-Vill-74, flight trap, D.G;

Young coll., holotype.

T.. fortis .F chid:, British Guiana, Bartica, 14-VI-1901, compared

and agreeing with type of robustus Krob. in Vienna.

T. aaptus n. sp., Brasil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke,

17-VII- 81 flight trap, Fairchild, Rafael and Gorayeb colls.,

holotype.

G. B. Fairchild; Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 45

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G. B. Fairchild: Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae) 47

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Go Be Pairenila:

Larger Tabanus species (Tabanidae)

INDEX

Valid names treated in the text are underscored

aaptus n. sp. 9

albibarbis Wied. 3l, 37

albidicollis Macq, 37

alboater Walk. 37

albomaculatus Walk. 37

albopruinosus Krob. ll, 37

amapaensis Fchld. 38

amazonensis Barr. ll

angustifrons Macq. ll

antarcticus Linh. 36

antunesi nm. sp, IZ

atricernis- Big. 11, 37

aurora Macq, 13

austeni Krob. 34, 37

basilaris Krob. 13

basivitta Walk. 32, 37

bicolor Thunb; 20, 37

bigot: Bell. 38

bitinctus Walk, 32,237

brevifrons Krob. 38

brevitrianguliferus Krob. 38

campestris Breth. 38

casteetus n; n. 14

cervinus Krob., 17, 37

chalcothrix F ehild. 38

cinerarius Wied. 21, 37

gelausus Macq, 20, 37

communis: Krob, 17,-37

comosus Stone 14

confiigens Walk: 21, 37

ecorliarivs Kroby 47

corpulentus Bréth, 15

crassicornis Wied. 15

defilippii Krob.

discifer Walk. 16

discus Wied. 17

druy vesteins]i 62il. 37

duckei nm, sp. 16

erythraeus Bie, 20, 37

ferreus Walk. 20, 37

ferrifer Walk. 27, 38

flavibarbis Macq. 22, 38

fortis Pepld. 19

fumomarginatus Hine 38

fuscofasciatus Macq. 38

fuscus Wied. 20

glaucus Wied. 21

grandis Krob.. 21, 38

guttigaster Krob. 38

guttiventris Krob. 38

guyanensis Macq. 22

hirtitibia Walk. 38

humboldti n. sp 24

importunus Wied. 25

imponens Walk. 38

lmpressus Wied. 20.38

incertus Macq. 38

indecisus Big. 25

intWwecatipenhis: Surc. 17,63

interpunctyus Lutz 3¢

itaituba®n. sp.x"26

lineiirems Lutz 36

lividus Walk, 38

lutzi Krob. 26

macqua rt: Sehin,. 39

MmMacquarti.Krob, 26738

melanocnemis Barr. 15, 27. 32.-38

melanogaster Bréth. 39

miles Wied, 39

monochroma Wied. 20, 38

monogramma Wied. 38

mucronatus Fchld. 39

multimaculatus Lutz 38

nebulosus DeGeer 27

neglectus Krob. 39

nematocallus n. sp. 29

neoinnotescens Krodb. 15, 38

neovestitus Krdb. 39

nigrefemoratus Kréb. 39

nigropalpis Krobp. 38

nubeculipennis Krob. 38

olivaceiventris Macq. 30

ornativentris Krob, 28

pachypalpus Big. 39

pellucidus Fab, 30

perplexus Walk. 39

peruvianus Macq. 39

piceiventris Rond, 32

piceus ‘Thunb, (20, 38

prunicelor Tita 39

pseudoculus Fehld. 39

pulverulentus Big. 38

punctipleura Hine 33

punctum Rend, 38

robustus Krob, 19, 38

rubidus Macq. 39

50 Gontrib, Armen dint. itstesn. vol. Ziff oy: 3, 1934

rubrinotatus Bigesc?, 38

rubripes Macq. 39

rufoniger Walk. 17, 38

sannio Fchld. 34

semisordidus Walk. 38

senior Walk. 31, 38

SamMiplex Bis. 255456

sorbillans Wied. 39

strigimaculus Fchld. 39

subviolaceus Fchld. 35

surifer Fchld. 39

surinamensis Macq. 38

tenens Walk. 21, 38

tenuistria Krob. 39

testaceus Macq. 14

thiemeana End. 39

transversalifuscatus Krob. 38

unimacula Krob. 35

unimaculatus Krob. 35

unipunctatus Big. 39

valteri Macq.) 38

vestitus Wied. 39

viduus Walk. 32, 38

viridescens Krob. 38

wey rauchi Barr. 39

xenorhynchus Pehid.* 35

xuthopogon n. sp. 36

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A REVISION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES IN

THE GENUS NEOATHYREUS HOWDEN AND MARTINEZ

(COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE, GEOTRUPINAE)

Henry F. Howden!

ABSTRACT

Fourty-four South American species are included in the genus

Neoathyreus Howden and Martinez. Twenty-one previously proposed names

are considered valid and five are considered synonyms. Twenty-three new

species are described: accinctus from Colombia; acutus from Bolivia,

Brazil, and Peru; anfractus from Brazil; boosi from Ecuador; brazilensis

from Brazil; caesariatus from Brazil; cuspinotatus from Brazil; glaseri

from Ecuador; illotus from Brazil, Guyana, and French Guiana; inermis

from Brazil and Peru; latidorsalis from Brazil; lepidus from Argentina;

lingi from Ecuador; lobus from Argentina; martinezorum from Argentina

and Bolivia; obscurus from Brazil; ornatus from Peru; peckorum from

Colombia; perryae from Ecuador and Peru; politus from Brazil;

rufobrunneus from Ecuador and Peru; rufoventris from Peru; and

versicolor from Ecuador. One new species, perryae, is not only repre-

sented by recently collected material but is also known by a pronotum from

the Talara tar seeps, Peru, dated at 14,000 years B.P. All species are

illustrated by Scanning Electron Micrographs.

CONTENTS

LGR OCCT OIE Visi 5.§ aie Me Sie Me et tree ee ee ee ee eee ee 3

Genus ‘Neoatiyreus t. GN ees 8's. le > ie gis ea ae ad MEE ie ea al tee 3

Spe@etad COTW on a. we derrain Heb ue £ jestones witetbinaicg Sa er (ES ee Re ew eee +

Collections Srudied “. ts". Satie ee ta el eee ae eee a Ee tel a Po 4.

Key to the species,of Neoathyreus H. & M. ...%..4. a ge ed 6

Species descriptions

Le SIASOC1 HL BD. bigaielcelece CS mr ean de ie mae al aoe dae 12

2. dha leewes (anes Lyle ietalie doa oa aide eee ee 13

S. ftlavichovax. (Arvibalgagay: is tip’) wl caitecisj belie: OU ee es a or 14

4. Virdee owen ga sek hie ete ei ae eee ee aaa a 16

Dw BIER AGES Mia) Gk cad ee: wrod ee a ety ere ty oe ai Te eee gre, i 17

O. “Laticdereriie we BOs eat eS eI ti ath aie ah A uh agi a a ie! 18

Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

13.

16.

PD.

39.

42.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21,

purpureipennis (Westwood)

SuLNracinus (hive) sa. .

Ccuspinotatus nh. sp. ....

bidentatus (Macleay) ...

sexdentatus (Laporte)...

centromaculatus (Felsche)

DeECkOVUIm Me She le ee es

corniculatus (Felsche)...

lobusn. Sp. ..-.2--2.-

reichii (Westwood) ....

- pholas (Westwood) ....

centralis (Westwood) ...

HNOT is SP. ssc 0.26 9.8

goyasensis (Boucomont) .

DGOST War Serie seus #9:

catharinae (Bates) ....

Corinthius (KUBY) “seers,

tridentatus (Macleay) ...

POUMTUS eSB. sk eso

excavatus (Laporte) ....

lanei (Mapenee) ols 8k,

OOSCURUS Hs SO. Os ele ee

OMIEBS 3 UTOUS ve 6 PAR a PEAY

CACSariaris T. Spe 9. « es

UC a Fa ene eh ee eines ee

VEUSICOLOL Hs SOS Kg) 8 veilale

Marre ZOruim 1. Spy.) «3

latecavatus (Boucomont)

rufobrunneus n. Sp. ...

ee Me aa yu) ve

lanuginosus (Klug) ....

lyriferus Howden & Gill

DCCINCING De ‘BDe os 4 wt ae

BEDTOUS Ws Bie a. eae ie ke

US Mg! Be ie wo eho sate

brazilensis n. sp... ..«.

® ® @ e e e @

@ e@ ® ® ® e @ e

@ e ® @ e@ @ e @

eee i he SO Se @ e @ e@ e

e @ e e @

e @ @ @ @ @ @ e e

@ ® td @ @ @ e @ @

e e OF Or Oh Fey Oh +e @

e @ e @ e e e

e @ OO VO 15@. > OY 8 @ @

e e e 6 ® @

e e @ @ @ e ®

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e @ @ @ @ ® @ e@ ®

no.

@ @®

@ @

e e@

e e

e ®

@ e

e e

@ e@

@ e

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e e

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@ @

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ce) ®

@ e

e @

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@ e

e e

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@ @

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24.

295

395

ys)

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 5

43. iewmibe Wy BOw cisions) Pele eirel Polenta oy a wittee ieee ee eae ik 67

AAS OP OVeRUE TS Ta Ge ee a wk el mle wi miiw ee tuk mec ue ie a Gee eae 68

Acknowledomente: 1 04) eve tenleetiere it eeu ll eitahe eye tenia eters 69

Literature Tied: Ve a ee Wie se ea Se el be 8 ae eee Vela ec ere 69

FISULres) cee erties nis Peer he ee A ee CAN eh Cae, Rather uy mar aura e 72

INTRODUCTION

The tribe Athyreini was characterized by Howden and Martinez (1963)

with four included genera; Athyreus Macleay, Neoathyreus Howden &

Martinez, Parathyreus Howden and Martinez, and Pseudoathyreus Howden

and Martinez. Subsequently Athyreus (Howden & Martinez, 1978) and

Parathyreus (Howden, 1985) were completely revised and the Central

American and West Indian Athyreini reviewed (Howden, 1964, 1978). The

present revision completes the coverage of the New World species of

Athyreini. The African-Oriental genus Pseudoathyreus still needs study.

Types of all of the species of Neoathyreus have been seen and most

dissected except for the three described by Macleay and flavithorax

(Arribalzaga). The Macleay types could not be found but it is possible that

they are in his collection currently in Sydney, Australia. The three names

were applied with some confidence based not only on Macleay's descriptions

and localities but also on the same names being used on some of the older

material seen by Macleay's contemporaries. The type of flavithorax was

thoroughly described and subsequently it has been compared to a closely

allied species by Martinez (1951); its placement is not in doubt.

This project was started and all material borrowed with the expecta-

tion that Antonio Martinez would be able to join me as co-author. Unfortun-

ately at the last moment other commitments prevented him from coming to

Ottawa. With all of the types and material at hand it was necessary to

complete the project without his able assistance.

In previous papers on Athyreini the lack of series or of specimens

with good data has been discussed and this paucity of material continues to

be a problem. The number of species in the present paper represented by

one or two specimens each indicates that the present coverage of the genus

is probably far from complete.

Neoathyreus Howden and Martinez

Neoathyreus Howden and Martinez, 1963, p. 350.

Type-species: Athyreus tridentatus Macleay, by original designation.

Species placed in the genus can be recognized by the following combin-

ation of characters: sexes similar; head in most species trituberculate,

carnate between tubercles; pronotum anteriorly with fossa on each side near

margin behind eye; lateral pronotal marginal bead complete or briefly

interrupted near lateral fovea, fovea shallow; pronotum in many species

with median concavity; elytra lacking abrupt, transverse basal carina,

carina if present incomplete or rounded; elytra in most species lacking

deep striae, few species with five distinct striae on elytron; under surface

4 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

of fore tibia smooth, in a few species moderately, irregularly punctate;

small carina present at ventral base of apical tooth of fore tibia, indistinct

carina usually present at base of penultimate tooth; fore coxa not extending

to pronotal margin; fore coxal cavity rounded laterally and with spine at

outer posterior margin; metasternum flat to slightly convex medially,

median line faintly indicated, edge of anterior declivity bluntly to sharply

pointed; hind tarsi moderately thickened, not densely punctate; single,

longitudinal carina present on the first, usually the second and rarely the

third tarsal segments, never present on the fourth; largest tibial spur

variable in length, extending from middle to beyond second tarsal segment.

Members of Neoathyreus can usually be recognized by the lack of the

distinct, basal margin of the elytra; fore coxae not visible through lateral

fovea; and fore coxal cavity with distinct spine on outer margin. The

moderate size of most species and similarity in the sexes are also useful

for recognizing the genus.

Explanation of special terms

Most species of Neoathyreus have three clypeal tubercles (Figs. 1-3):

a lateral tubercle present on each side above the base of the mandible and a

median tubercle that may be either anterior to the line between the lateral

tubercles, or in line with them, or obsolete. In the descriptions, if the

median tubercle is said to be anterior in position, it is anterior to the line

of the lateral tubercles.

A posterior clypeal carina extends between the three tubercles or

between the lateral tubercles if the median tubercle is obsolete. In addition,

an oblique clypeal carina (Fig. 1) may extend from each side of the median

tubercle anteriorly to the anterior lateral clypeal angle. In other species

there is an anterior transverse clypeal carina (Fig. 2) extending across the

anterior edge of the clypeus. Occasionally the carina is interrupted

medially or only vaguely indicated (Fig. 3).

The pronotum usually has a central depression or concavity. On each

side of the concavity, extending from the anterior third nearly to the

posterior margin is a carina varying considerably in shape between species.

The carina on each side of the concavity is referred to as the inner carina.

In most species there are one or two carinae between the inner carina and

the lateral pronotal margin. This single (or double) carina(e) is referred

to as the outer carina(e). Below the lateral pronotal fovea the pronotal

margin (Fig. 4) may be abruptly indented and the marginal bead absent.

Other species lack the indentation and have the bead complete.

The etymology of all new scientific names except patronyms can be

found in Brown (1956).

COLLECTIONS STUDIED

In citing collections studied, the name of the city in which the museum

is situated is used, and for a private collection the name of the individual is

cited. The collections studied and the curators are as follows:

Berlin Zoologisches Museum an der Humboldt-

Universitat zu Berlin. Dr. Manfred Uhlig.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 3

Brussels Institut Royal des Science Naturelles. Dr. L.

Baert.

Cambridge Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard

University. Dr. A. Newton.

Chicago Field Museum of Natural History. Drs. S. Ashe,

J. Kethley.

Dresden Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde. Dr. R.

Krause.

Eberswalde Institute fur Pfanzenschutzforschung. Dr. G.

Morge.

Geneva Muséum D'Histoire naturelle. Dr. Ivan Lobl.

Leiden Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie. Dr. J.

Krikken.

London British Museum (Natural History). Mr. L.

Jessop.

Maracay Instituto de Zoologia Agricola. Dr. F.

Fernandez-Yepez, Mr. Jose A. Clavijo A.

Munich Zoologische Staatssammlung. Dr. G. Scherer.

New York Ame rican Museum of Natural History. Dr. Lee

Herman.

Ottawa Biosystematics Research Institute. Dr. A.

smetana.

Oxford Hope Entomological Collections, University

Museum. Dr. M.J. Scoble.

Paris Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Drs.

R.-P. Dechambre, Y. Cambefort, Mr. Patrick

Arnaud.

Pittsburgh Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Mr. R.L.

Davidson.

san Francisco California Academy of Sciences. Dr. D.

Kavanaugh.

Sao Paulo Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo.

Dr. U. Martins.

Tucuman Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Dr. A.

Willink.

6 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Toronto Royal Ontario Museum. Dr. G. Wiggins.

Washington United States National Museum. Drs. R. Gordon,

P. Spangler.

Arnaud Mr. P. Arnaud, Paris, France.

Boos Mr. J. Boos, Quito, Ecuador.

Glaser Dr. J. Glaser, Baltimore, Maryland.

Hardy Dr. A. Hardy, Sacramento, California.

Ratcliffe Dr. B. Ratcliffe, Lincoln, Nebraska.

Key to the species of Neoathyreus H. & M.

1. Pronotum on each side with carina anterior to lateral fovea

extending to lateral marginal bead (ridge); carina at least

as high as marginal bead at junction. ...... ike er ata a 2

Pronotum on each side with or without carina anterior to

lateral fovea, carina if present not extending to and

RICE sine Witt maroinal Dead ye ees Gretel ter ver as S)

2. Pronotal midline not with elevated keel along midline posterior

to anterior margin; small to moderate sized species not

OCC POM ted ire ae er a ty ele we ee ee le “i 5)

Pronotal midline posterior to anterior margin with strongly

elevated, elongate keel (Fig. 7) on anterior third; size

large for genus, over 15 mm in length; western Ecuador. .

Urea ean Pee een Ee eae MS Rees ek te BIS) Ky Gp.

3. Pronotum with inner carina on each side of concavity with

sharply obtuse, elevated angle near anterior end.-..... 4

Pronotum with inner carina on each side of concavity lacking

BOLUS Cle VOC BL eG ae at S)

4. Apical tarsomere of posterior tarsus with distinct tubercle on

upper surface near apex (Fig. 12); median clypeal tubercle

elevated above posterior carina, tubercle with acute apex;

AYSOQtINa, Paraguay \i aii a she 2. arribalzagai (Martinez)

Apical tarsomere of posterior tarsus lacking tubercle; median

clypeal tubercle with apex obtusely angled or transverse;

Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay......

PUAN ae RAR RR AOA? May RD Ckt Ines neo a Be flavithorax (Arribalzaga)

5. Dorsal color of various shades of brown or black, elytra

occasionally with vague purple sheen .....-.-se-eceee 6

Dorsal color green or brownish with distinct greenish tinge;

PR ek hah aC ene eae ee oan . 4. viridis (Boucomont )

10.

bay

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus i

Pronotum with inner carina at or near anterior fourth bent

toward lateral margin; specimens dorsally tan to brown . i

Pronotum with inner carina in anterior half not abruptly bent

toward lateral margin; specimens very dark brown or

DLBGIS: usa: Rive icbe anh bes are Srilo autos (od ache dal eke pairs: aan ME le Magen 8

Pronotum (Fig. 21) with inner carinae separated from each

other at narrowest point by three or more times width of

one carina at that point; pronotum moderately concave

between inner carinae in anterior two thirds; Bahia,

BYOBIE eho batten iia vecearcrdinenen comlt dneanaielale ates Canin eas ions aOR Ths i

Pronotum (Fig. 22) with inner carinae separated from each

other at narrowest point by one and one-half to two times

width of one carina at that point; pronotum feebly concave

between inner carinae; Mato Grosso, Brazil. .......

6 Oy Se oly wares elie Se, #, # bo ey OC ae eee ne Gem eonealLS R.. aps

Pronotum with each inner carina very broad, separated from

adjacent posterior outer carina by no more than width of

outer carina (Fig. 26); Bahia, pHae) pan a en ce leg Hp

; gi Pepia wpb vip iabhcech eas gaia ain N aatnias i purpureipennis (Westwood )

Peoaens ea each inner carina of ie cer width, separated

from adjacent posterior outer carina by two or more times

width of outer carina (Fig. ays Bahia, Bragil's.'s eis

Pronotum with only inner carina on each side of concavity

POS SINE secu sve ico 9 iain ag Dy elgt eda List i adie a a ie la 10

Pronotum with both inner and outer carina present, outer

carina sometimes appearing as laterally directed

POSTCTIOR, EXTENSION .OF ARNEL CARI, ini fes gids iors pelican enallion ice 13

Pronotum with small to moderate sized tubercle on or just

posterior to anterior margin at midline; dorsally brown,

VEPTCSALOU: ORIG ik Rend ih tabi see hmv Ulme em Ee Eg deh LE

Pronotum with large (0.5 mm or more), laterally compressed

tubercle (Fig. 32) or ridge with sharp posterior apex;

dorsally brown; Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ..

oo) “as eae Sige baer aw’ “is am kat tiiiey car Coane rank tas wad heptuwiaira utg 9. cuspinotatus n. sp

Fore tibia with five or more teeth on outer margin; pronotal

concavity distinctly wider anteriorly .......-..seee-s 12

Fore tibia with four teeth on outer margin; pronotal concavity

(Fig. 35) only slightly wider anteriorly; Rio de Janeiro,

Kach inner pronotal carina inwardly angulate or sinuate near

middle; carinae not obviously divergent near anterior end;

length usually exceeding 8.3 mm; dorsally tan to brown;

Argentina, Paraguay ..........411. sexdentatus (Laporte)

Each inner pronotal carina arcuate; carinae divergent

anteriorly; length usually less than 8.3 mm; bicolored

brown to black or nearly uniformly very dark brown or

black; Bolivia, Brazil. .......12. centromaculatus (Felsche)

13.

14.

lod.

£5;

bay

18.

Le.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Pronotal midline with tubercle or longitudinal keel posterior

to and not contiguous with anterior margin (small

additional tubercle may also be present on anterior

MEE Oe eee ee eae ek eh S EET a ee Cee ee 14

Pronotal midline frequently with tubercle or low keel on or

contiguous with anterior margin (bead), lacking more

posterror niediairprojcction se re PP te a eS 20

Midline of pronotal concavity with tubercle or keel present

on or near posterior margin of concavity; second

tubercle may also be present on anterior margin at

Py CEA EEE wha | aes Rial ast sek PEE eclaged pity MQ 15

Midline of pronotal concavity with laterally compressed

tubercle or keel present at anterior end or middle of

concavity; in species with anterior tubercle, tubercle

not contiguous with margin . . 2. 2 ese eee sc coe ew 17

Posterior pronotal tubercle peg-like, sides almost parallel

to rounded apex; dorsum usually bicolored, sides of

pronotum tan to brown, remainder of dorsum darker... 16

Posterior pronotal tubercle forming an anteriorly directed

keel, top same height as and merging with inner carinae

(Fig. 45); dorsum relatively uniform tan or brown;

Colombiavesn. Je. 4 het ae Segre oat a er any - 13. peckorumn. gp.

Anterior pronotal marginal bead not thickened or tuberculate

at midline; surface of concavity becoming gradually less

punctate-tuberculate toward posterior of concavity (Fig.

28)s VONeZUCIa a a ae a ee es) PS. Corniculatus (Felsche)

Anterior pronotal marginal bead thickened posteriorly into

V-shaped tubercle (V sometimes very small); surface

of concavity becoming abruptly less punctate-tuberculate

near posterior of concavity (Fig. 51); Argentina .....

Pe ae cee eT er ee ae eer kee he RY ae OES Te SP.

Clypeus with median tubercle absent or lower than lateral

tubercles; pronotal tubercle on midline near anterior

third; eolicavity posterior to tubercle’ !).'. 400 coe eee 18

Clypeus with median tubercle strongly developed, anterior

in position to lateral tubercles; pronotal tubercle or

keel on midline near middle; concavity poorly developed,

shallow, lateral and posterior to tubercle ........-. 19

Lateral pronotal margin below fovea indented, marginal bead

interrupted; inner pronotal carina sinuate (Fig. 54);

COlORIDIA “iwi ls A RWela cs A eb eis 2 » 166° reichii (Westwood)

Lateral pronotal margin at most slightly indented below _

fovea, marginal bead not broken; inner carina on each

side of concavity elevated and acutely angulate near

middle of concavity (Fig. 58); Colombia . .17. pholas (Westwood)

Pronotal midline near center with keel slanted posteriorly,

longer than high (Fig. 61); inner carina on each side

obtusely angulate (depressed) in line just posterior to

20.

al,

22.

24.

25.

26.

- Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus y

posterior end of keel; Colombia, Peru . .18. centralis (Westwood)

Pronotal midline near center with upright, blade-like

tubercle higher than long (Fig. 66); inner carina on

each side arcuate, lacking angles; Ecuador ... .19. lingin. sp.

Clypeus on each side with strongly developed oblique carina

extending up anterior lateral side of prominent median

tubercle; tubercle more prominent (higher) than lateral

tubercles, with anterior face vertical or nearly so .... a1.

Clypeus on each side lacking oblique carina or with the

carina broken or very irregular near base of low median

tubercle; tubercle slightly anterior to lateral tubercles

and at most only slightly better developed ......... ae

Pronotum on each side of concavity with inner carina

sharin andulate oie. Eee ei ae: FOES Ba ee ae, 22

Pronotum on each side of concavity with inner carina

lacking Shere Gupiiationiinnte, Gupargoy SOMMER A071 wis 24

Sharp angulation of inner carina acute, slanted toward

midline; lateral thirds of pronotum lighter in color... . 23

Angulation of inner carina nearly vertical, right angled

or’ obtuse: pronotal color almost wiiform. § 2.61000 ee 45

Inner carina posterior to angulation with distinctly delimited

inner margin; lateral clypeal tubercles unusually

prominent, upright (Fig. .72)3; Ecuador: 6)en. 4 21. boosin. sp.

Inner carina posterior to angulation lacking clearly delimited

inner margin; lateral clypeal tubercles small, slanted

anteriorly (Fie. 73);' Santa Catarina; Brazil... @/, 0G 4

Poet Bh ge a Va aka be hols Re HRP hey eee 22. catharinae (Bates )

Length usually less than 12 mm; anterior echo oae margin

with tubercle on wiaaine ania ora Pee a a 25

Length usually greater than 12 mm; anterior pronotal

margin with tubercle on midline pronounced. ..... wi 26

Elytral intervals shining; fore tibia with five or more teeth;

pronotum (Fig. 76) with short, distinct secondary carina

at right angle to margin anterior to lateral fovea;

AYSeNTINS, HBrAgeL Gs) 4 'e meee. FOr Ges 23. corinthius (Klug )

Elytral intervals dull; fore tibia with four teeth; pronotum

(Fig. 35) lacking carina anterior to fovea; Brazil .....

mw eee Mp) ig ig Cg ee ar gk ae 10. bidentatus (Macleay) (in part)

Pronotal concavity (Fig. 80) closely punctate in anterior

two-thirds; sides of concavity near iy ope tumid on

each side of depressed midline; Brazil . tridentatus (Macleay )

Pronotal concavity (Fig. 83) with, at most, aie small

scattered punctures, surface appearing highly polished;

bottom of concavity almost flat, not tumid at sides;

ee yy OP rN a ed Fie of 25. politus n. sp.

yale

28.

29.

00.

Ol.

32.

33.6

o4.

30-6

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Fore tibia with four teeth on outer margin (an obtusely

angled basal swelling is not considered a tooth) -..... 28

Fore tibia with five or more teeth on outer margin...... 34

Lateral pronotal margin with marginal bead broken (absent)

De Rwy Loves lhc a Haareatsehis We cies gta Weig ae hve warn ee ol iets 29

Lateral pronotal margin with marginal bead unbroken (may

be shallowly indented). ......... oli hs wearttal grid xe site 30

Clypeus on each side anteriorly with poorly defined oblique

carina extending toward median tubercle; pronotum as

in Fig. 86; dorsum tan or brown; northern South

America tonMlexicos ce Ww wade Senses dbs fe 26. excavatus (Laporte )

Clypeus anteriorly with transverse carina; pronotum as in

Fig. 89; dorsum dark brown or black; northern South

America Panam ay. i enya Fees ws aa aide 27. lanei (Martinez)

Clypeus with anterior carina(e) lacking or with poorly

defined oblique carina on each side; dorsum of uniform

COLOM OP VERbECaneC line Bavehin eet ah alee lo is chee ehwe Sas ce 31

Clypeus anteriorly with transverse carina (Fig. 92);

dorsum with sides of pronotum lighter in color; Goyas,

Pe Ss Sele k eed (neva neomaa Tres amet 28. obscurus nh. sp.

Pronotum and elytra densely setose (typical for genus),

most setae longer than five times width of one pronotal

PURER IPS Ore Rane sci aula y! (ayo Peed buatistn ake Perma tances 32

Pronotum (Fig. 97) and elytra, except near margins, with

fine, short to minute, inconspicuous setae; most setae

no more than three times as long as width of one

pronotabigranules western: Peri. ways we ay ei ss 29. ornatus n. sp.

Small species less than 12 mm in length; pronotum on each

side with inner carina posteriorly not abruptly bent

Howard Mi debe pec. Hogites errr SA aaah rede, alie@uew wis 30

Moderate sized species over 12 mm in length; pronotum on

each side with inner carina posteriorly bent inwardly,

and extending to midline (Fig. 98); Brazil . 30. caesariatus n. sp.

Pronotum laterally with fine carina at right angle to margin

anterior to fovea, carina not obviously fusing with

marginal bead (Fig. 101); dorsum uniformly brown to

dark brown; Brazil, French Guiana ...... 31. illotus n. sp.

Pronotum laterally lacking carina just anterior to fovea

(Fig. 104); dorsum variegated tan to very dark brown;

TGC weeabata ahh <n Se ets eh otal a Yelle 32. versicolor n. sp.

Pronotum laterally with marginal bead broken (absent)

DELOW LOMA yi is vies ean lance Que oi Gila edhe KUM ial wae bidas 20

Pronotum laterally with marginal bead unbroken ....... 20

Pronotum with inner carinae lacking upright, sharp

RUTTER biel Ue a STIR Pa ar tee ngs nanos whee Malia mips Sage Nee eee 36

o6.

Ov.

38.

og.

40.

4l.

42.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 11

Pronotum on each side with inner carina with upright,

sharp, acute angle near anterior end of carina

(Fig. 107); Argentina, Bolivia ..... 33. martinezorum n. sp.

Pronotum on each side with inner carina inwardly bowed

or angulate and thickened near middle of carina, dorsum

(in non-teneral specimens) very dark to black....... Bt

Pronotum on each side with inner carina not noticeably

inwardly bowed or angulate near middle, carina of

relatively uniform width; dorsum tan to brown or

PEEOHOR ES Celis <b, W pret lee see cere Me plete tai) aight ais ie leh TON es paeeh ail 38

Elytra punctate-granulate, small punctures obvious,

surface appearing only moderately roughened, dull;

pronotum as in Fig. 110; Ecuador . 34. latecavatus (Boucomont)

Elytra closely granulate, very rough, shining; pronotum

asan: Figsd15; Boevuador, Per jay cteon ee 35. rufobrunneus n. sp.

Inner pronotal carina (Fig. 120) arcuate or very slightly

sinuous, gradually convergent with opposite carina

posteriorly, less so posterior to concavity; clypeus

anteriorly with partial to complete transverse carina... 44

Inner pronotal carina (Fig. 116) strongly curved inwardly

in posterior half before becoming parallel to midline

posterior to concavity; clypeus anteriorly on each side

with trace of oblique carina; Ecuador, Peru. .36. perryae n. sp.

Clypeus with median tubercle absent or distinctly smaller

and lower than lateral tubercles. Siw sts, erate Pe as 40

Clypeus with median tubercle as eer or eer than

Clypeus with three tubercles; pronotum (Fig. 1238) with

posterior edge of inner carina angulate near midline;

TCUACOF | PANAMA ie ie alec ees 38. lyriferus Howden & Gill

Clypeus with two tubercles (three in small specimens);

pronotum (Fig. 126) with posterior edge of inner

carina rounded near midline; Colombia ....39. accinctus n. sp.

Pronotum with inner carina on each side unbroken,

Unite Te a PO Sy igs eo aT ae Ce Pee hte sae ase 42

Pronotum (Fig. 129) having two inner carinae on each

side, one carina anterior and more lateral in position

and ending near posterior third of pronotum, second

carina on same side much closer to midline and with

anterior end beginning just anterior to posterior end

OF Anterior Carinae NPCentiia. fe. ak 8a acs . - 40. lepidus n. sp.

Inner pronotal carina inwardly angulate near middle,

SIOUGs OL Meese ESN a te og gee ke eagle te. Gel ik ; 43

Inner pronotal carina (Fig. 132) with an AB rOBe upwardly

directed angulation near anterior end of carina;

THOU ee a eee tg) eae we ee ete eck Ree, SOMEAee nc nek

12 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

43. Inner pronotal carina not inwardly angulate or bent

inwardly and thickened near middle ...... PR, aL 44

Inner pronotal carina (Fig. 135) inwardly angulate or

bent inwardly and thickened near middle; Brazil .....

Pla Tee NS SHA MINS MET Ce POO 2) ORATOR STS nT. Spi s

44. Inner pronotal carina (Fig. 120) slightly arcuate outwardly

and very gradually converging with opposite carina to

end of concavity near posterior third of pronotum;

dorsum tan to brown; widely distributed to Amazon

region and south to Argentina. ....... 37. lanuginosus (Klug)

Inner pronotal carina (Fig. 138) most widely separated

from opposite carina at anterior end, then converging

toward midline to middle of pronotum, then carina

nearly parallel with midline to posterior end of carina;

dorsum very dark brown with sides of pronotum reddish

DVOWNEDPEZ LIE CPOPU ices oN CEG OUI. 35. 43. inermis n. sp.

45. Anterior pronotal margin between fossae appearing

obtusely angled at midline when viewed from posterior,

apex of angulation with small tubercle (Fig. 69); Goyas,

Brazile. 2 wae eae 8 0. goyasensia (Boucomont)

Anterior pronotal margin evenly arched between fossae;

tubercle at midline lacking (Fig.:141); Peru... 0. 4).

vrei Chae awh ig . GO SA ce ae a ovetris n. sp.

1. Neoathyreus glaseri n. sp.

Figures 7-10, Map 1

HOLOTYPE. Male, length19.1l mm, greatest width 12.5 mm.

Dorsally black, with bluish or purple tinge along margins of elytra, most

pronounced laterally. Clypeus with oblique and posterior carina strongly

developed; median tubercle (worn) with anterior face rising vertically above

clypeal margin; lateral tubercle on each side positioned above mandibular

insertion, height only slightly less than median tubercle. Vertex between

eyes deeply, broadly concave, concavity extending under edge of pronotal

margin; sides of concavity granulate, central portion smooth; scattered,

short setae present in granular areas near eyes. Pronotum (Figs. 7, 8)

with distinct fossa on each side contiguous with anterior marginal bead

behind eye; fossa four to five times width of adjacent bead, and with feeble

groove directed posteriorly for approximately 0.5 mm; pronotal margin

between fossae evenly arcuate, bead of uniform thickness, lacking tubercle

at midline; midline 0.4 mm posterior to marginal bead with large, elongate,

elevated keel, keel approximately 2.0 mm high, 2.5 mm long, top edge of

keel generally parallel with pronotal surface on either side, area on either

side of keel elevated, concavity present posteriorly. Inner pronotal carina

on each side arising approxina tely 1.5 mm posterior to fossa, carina nearly

parallel with midline to posterior third where inwardly arcuate to indented

midline; outer posterior margin of each carina adjacent to midline with

broad, posteriorly directed, angulate lobe; two inner carinae conjointly on

each side of keel and surrounding broad, deep concavity posterior to keel;

surface of concavity irregularly granulate, sparsely so in some areas near

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 13

sides; midline of concavity distinctly impressed, smooth. Pronotum on

each side lateral to inner carina with two outer carinae; one carina present

anterior to deep circular lateral fovea; carina merging with lateral bead of

pronotal margin, extending two thirds of distance to inner carina near

middle; posterior outer carina almost divided into two parts, 1.0 mm

portion behind and slightly below lateral fovea, then 1.0 mm obsolete

portion and a posterior 4.0 mm posterior portion positioned midway between

posterior inner carina and lateral margin adjacent to posterior angle.

Lateral pronotal margin on each side below fovea broadly, shallowly indented

between junction of anterior outer carina with margin and abrupt median

angle; marginal bead greatly reduced in indented portion of margin. Elytron

with three or four striae feebly indicated by depressed irregular rows of

punctures, most of surface coarsely, contiguously punctate; most punctures

each with fine, short, inconspicuous seta. Metasternum between middle

coxae very feebly convex, midline anteriorly forming low, sharp keel,

anterior end sharp; anterior edge obtusely angled on either side of sharp

point; surface of metasternum with moderate sized shallow punctures, each

with relatively short reddish-brown seta. Fore tibia with six teeth on outer

margin, teeth worn, basal tooth indistinct on right tibia. Genitalia as in

fiee sD 5406

ALLOTYPE. Female, length 15.0 mm, greatest width 8.9 mm.

Dorsally black with distinct bluish tinge. Similar to holotype except as

follows: clypeal tubercles smaller, less elevated; vertex with concave area

reduced in size and depth, not extending to pronotal margin; pronotum with

median keel reduced in height, concave area posterior to keel shallow,

narrower than in male; inner carina on each side lower, much less strongly

arcuate, inner carinae closer together; elytron with striae more pronounced;

fore tibia with only five teeth on outer margin; pygidium more convex.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Ecuador, Santa Domingo, IV.

1982 (Howden). Allotype, female, Ecuador, Quininde [= Rosa Zarate]

(Howden).

REMARKS. The unique, raised, anterior median pronotal keel and

the odd outer carinae will immediately distinguish glaseri from other species

of Neoathyreus. The closest relatives of glaseri probably are in the pholas

complex, but it is not a close relationship.

The species is named for Dr. John Glaser who very generously gave

me the holotype. He has also loaned me specimens of several other species

used in this study.

2. Neoathyreus arribalzagai (Martinez)

Figures 11-14, Map 1

Athyreus arribalzagai Martinez, 1951, p. 109.

TYEE Male, | labeled "Argentina, Pcia de Corrientes, Dep. de

Ituzaingo, isla Apipé Grande, XI-945"; in Martinez collection.

MALES. Length 9.5 to12.1mm, greatest width 6.2 to 7.9 mm.

Color dorsally green with elytra occasionally light brown with distinct

greenish color centrally. Clypeus with both oblique and posterior carinae

strongly developed; median tubercle moderately elevated above lateral

tubercles, apex narrow. Vertex almost flat, granular. Pronotum (Fig. 11)

with small fossa on each side behind eye contiguous with anterior marginal

bead; diameter of fossa equal to or slightly more than width of adjacent

14 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

marginal bead. Pronotum with inner arcuate carina on each side arising

just posterior to fossa, carina rising abruptly to tubercle at anterior fifth,

then inwardly arcuate to within 1.0 mm of posterior margin where it becomes

parallel to slightly divergent, terminating approximately 0.1mm before

posterior marginal bead; concavity broad, shallowly concave in median two-

thirds, midline feebly impressed, surface except near carinae closely

granulate. Outer carina on each side divided into two parts of nearly equal

length, posterior portion feebly arcuate, slightly closer to lateral posterior

margin than to inner carina; anterior portion present anterior to lateral

fovea and merging with lateral marginal bead; lateral pronotal marginal bead

unbroken. Each elytron with four or five feebly elevated convex intervals

between suture and humeral umbone, areas between intervals irregularly

punctate-setose. Mesosternum between middle coxae slightly convex,

anterior edge at midline obtusely angulate; surface with widely spaced,

* moderate sized setose punctures. Fore tibia with four teeth on outer

margin. Hind tarsus with terminal segment with tubercle on dorsal surface

(Fig. 12); a character apparently unique to this species. Genital capsule

with apex angulate. Genitalia as in figs. 13, 14.

FEMALES. Length 9.4 to12.9 mm, greatest width 6.3 to 8.1 mm.

Differing only very slightly from males: median clypeal tubercle and inner

pronotal carina slightly lower than in males of equal size; pygidium more

convex.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 4 males, 3 females.

BRAZIL - Amazonas: Humaita ( 2) [probably Humaita, Paraguay |.

PARAGUAY - Alto Parana: Kohenau. Caaguazt: Col. Sudetia, 320 m,

ALI. «Sapucay.. Villarrica; X.

Specimens are in: Geneva, London, Sao Paulo, Arnaud, Howden.

REMARKS. This species can be separated from all other Neoathyreus

by the presence of a seemingly unique character; i-e., the apical segment

of the hind tarsus has a distinct tubercle (Fig. 12) on the dorsal surface.

If both hind tarsi are missing (as in most specimens seen) the species is

close to all green specimens of flavithorax but can be separated from that

species by the number of teeth on the outer margin of the fore tibia, four

for arribalzagai, five or six for flavithorax.

3. Neoathyreus flavithorax (Arribalzaga)

Figures 15-17, Map1l

Athyreus flavithorax Arribalzaga, 1880, p. 146; Boucomont, 1932, p. 269;

Martinez, 1951, p. 112.

TYPE. Sex not given. Buenos Aires, Argentina, probably in Buenos

Aires.

MALES. Length 9.8 to12.7 mm, greatest width 6.4 to 7.1mm.

Dorsally entirely green or with head, pronotal margins and elytra dark

green to green, majority of pronotum light reddish brown to dark greenish

brown. Clypeus with both oblique and posterior carinae strongly developed;

median tubercle only moderately higher than lateral tubercles, blunt at apex,

blunt apex varying in width from narrow to unusually wide, particularly so

in all green specimens. Vertex very feebly, broadly concave; surface

granulate, occasionally only feebly so near posterior midline. Pronotum

(Fig. 15) with small fossa on each side behind eye contiguous with anterior

marginal bead, fossa three to four times width of adjacent bead; anterior

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 15

margin at midline elevated to oblique, sharp angle or small tubercle.

Pronotum with inner carina on each side arising approximately 0.5 mm

behind margin in line with outer edge of gena; carina outwardly arcuate to

sharp, elevated angle approximately in transverse line with lateral foveae,

_ then inwardly arcuate to posterior sixth of pronotum where carina parallels

midline, terminating approximately 0.1mm before posterior marginal bead.

Concavity between inner carinae broad, shallowly concave in median two-

thirds, midline feebly, broadly impressed; surface variable, lateral portion

adjacent to carinae smooth, median two-thirds finely granulate with

scattered minute punctures in specimens with testaceous thorax to more

coarsely punctate-granulate in specimens with totally green thoraxes. Outer

pronotal carina on each side divided into two parts; posterior portion, mid-

way between inner carina and posterior inwardly arcuate lateral angle,

nearly straight and approximately 1.0 mm long; anterior portion about 0.9

mm in length, positioned just anterior to lateral fovea and fusing with

lateral marginal bead; lateral pronotal marginal bead unbroken. Each

elytron with two or three elevated intervals between suture and umbone

except between raised intervals, striae obsolete; elytral surface, except for

raised areas closely, irregularly punctate. Mesosternum between middle

coxae slightly convex, anterior edge at midline obtusely angulate; surface

with widely spaced, moderate sized punctures, each puncture with long seta.

Fore tibia with five teeth on outer margin, basal teeth rounded and occasion-

ally with vague, feebly arcuate swelling indicating basal sixth tooth. Genital

capsule with elongate, acutely rounded, feebly reflexed, setose apex.

Genitalia as in figs. 16, 17.

FEMALES. Length 9.2 to12.5 mm, greatest width 5.7 to 7.0 mm.

Differing only slightly from males; generally with posterior clypeal and

inner pronotal carinae slightly less developed, lower; punctures on vertex

and in concavity more pronounced; pygidium more convex.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 17 males, 10 females.

ARGENTINA - Buenos Aires: Haedo. Carcarafa. Chaco de Santiago

del Estero: Rfo Salado near Dilcano. Cordoba: La Falda, XII. Misiones:

San Pedro, XI. Pampas. Sante Fé. Tucuman.

[BOLIVIA] - Santa Cruz: Pto. Alegre.

BRAZIL - Goias: Rio Verde. Santa Catharina: Nova Teut6nia, 27°

VV Sy o2e 2a i, Mere Se ee

URUGUAY - Tacuarembé: Puntas de Laureles, XII.

Specimens are in: Brussels, Dresden, London, New York, Paris,

San Francisco, Sio Paulo, Tucuman, Washington, Howden, Ratcliffe.

REMARKS. The species was originally described from Buenos Aires,

but most of the specimens seen from Argentina come from Santiago del

Estero. The majority of specimens from this area have the pronotum

testaceous and the elytra with three or four distinctly raised intervals with

the surface coarsely punctate between. However, totally green specimens

also have been seen from the same localities as those with a testaceous

thorax and all variations of clypeal and pronotal differences were noted in

different combinations. All specimens seen from Uruguay and Brazil are

entirely green and I originally considered them to be distinct. However, the

male genitalia show no consistent differences and specimens in one popula-

tion overlap in characters with those from different areas. Hence, I con-

sider all of the forms as belonging to a single species, flavithorax.

In his original description, Arribalzaga (1878) mentions that the

specimen he described was collected flying on a hot day at noon. This may

16 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

be typical behavior for the green or bicolored Neoathyreus, since similarly

colored specimens in the other tribes of Geotrupinae (where all brown

specimens are crepuscular or nocturnal) also fly during the day. I have

observed this daytime activity in Australia in both Stenaspidius and

Gilletinus and in South Africa in Parathyreus.

4. Neoathyreus viridis (Boucomont)

Figures 18-20, Map 1

Athyreus viridis Boucomont, 1902a, 185;1902b, p. 584.

TYPE. Male, labeled "Athyreus viridis B. type; Jatahy, Prov. Goyas,

Brésil; typus [red label]; Museum Paris 1938 Coll. A. Boucomont"; in Paris

(MHNP).

MALES. Length 8.2 to9.7 mm, greatest width 6.5to 7.8 mm.

Dorsally greenish brown to bright green. Clypeus with both oblique and

posterior carinae strongly developed; median tubercle small, approximately

equal in height or lower than lateral tubercles. Vertex flat, coarsely

granular. Pronotum (Fig. 18) with small fossa on each side behind eye

contiguous with and slightly interrupting anterior marginal bead, fossa

approximately three times width of adjacent bead; anterior margin at mid-

line with small conical tubercle. Pronotum with inner arcuate carina on

each side flared outwardly anteriorly, anterior apex directed toward lateral

margin, carina branched near anterior end, lateral branch of inner carina

extending to lateral margin just anterior to fovea and fusing with marginal

bead. Concavity between inner carinae shallow, elongate, wider anteriorly,

surface mostly punctate-granulate. Outer pronotal carina strongly developed

in posterior two-thirds, anterior end obsolete in places, terminating just

posterior to lateral fovea; carina positioned almost evenly between inner

carina and pronotal margin at and anterior to posterior pronotal angle;

pronotal marginal bead of lateral margin unbroken. Each elytron with five,

occasionally six, striae between suture and umbone; intervals feebly convex;

sides of intervals and striae closely, irregularly punctate and finely setose,

surfaces smooth between punctures, shining. Mesosternum between middle

coxae very slightly convex, anterior edge sharply, obtusely angulate at

midline; surface with scattered minute puncture, each puncture with long,

fine, whitish seta. Fore tibia with four teeth on outer margin. Genital

capsule with elongate, narrow apex. Genitalia as in figs. 19, 20.

FEMALES. Length 8.1to10.0 mm, greatest width 6.5 to 7.9 mm.

Differing only slightly from males as follows: clypeal tubercles very slightly

reduced in size, particularly median tubercle; pygidium more convex, apex

more broadly arcuate.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 6 males, 8 females.

BRAZIL - Goias: Jataf (= Jatahy); Rio Verde; Suguapara; Viandpolis,

Specimens are in: Berlin, Dresden, Paris, Sdo Paulo, Howden.

REMARKS. While it is possible that black or brown forms of viridis

exist (since black forms are found in other species that are usually green),

none have been seen. Thus the combination of the green color and low,

strongly developed arcuate or non-angulate inner and outer pronotal carinae

(Fig. 18) is sufficient to separate viridis from all other species inthe genus.

While there are several other green species of Neoathyreus, these have

upwardly angulate inner pronotal carinae and are not sibling species of

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus Ve

viridis. Possibly the closest relative of viridis is corinthius.

5. Neoathyreus anfractus n. sp.

Figure 21, Map 1

HOLOTYPE. Female, length 10.8 mm, greatest width 6.4 mm.

Dorsally dark reddish brown with sides of pronotum tan, transition to tan

gradual, not abrupt. Clypeus with both oblique and posterior carinae

moderately developed, carinae thin; median tubercle with sharply rounded,

narrow apex; anterior face of tubercle arising from anterior clypeal edge,

face slightly slanted posteriorly; lateral tubercle on each side small, situated

above posterior base of mandible. Vertex flat to unevenly, feebly convex;

surface granulate-punctate, each small puncture at base of granule with long,

erect, fine seta. Pronotum (Fig. 21) with moderate sized fossa on each

side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye, fossa two to three

times width of adjacent bead; anterior pronotal margin between fossae

moderately elevated to midline, midline with small conical tubercle with

apex 0.1 to 0.2 mm posterior to marginal bead; anterior base of tubercle

with poorly defined junction with posterior edge of marginal bead. Inner

pronotal carina on each side arising 1.1mm behind fossa, carina 0.3 to

0.4 mm wide, uniform in height, sinuous with anterior end strongly divergent

from opposite carina; posterior to the divergent portions, each carina

inwardly arcuate to about 1.5 mm from opposite carina, then feebly curved

laterally, then feebly convergent, posterior ends of both inner carinae

separated by approximately 1.0 mm, each terminating 0.5 mm before

posterior pronotal margin. Pronotal concavity with deepest portion Y-

shaped, each arm of 'Y'' deepest on each side midway between anterior

median marginal tubercle and anterior end of inner carina, concavity then

extending posteriorly to transverse punctate area between carina about 1.0

to 1.3 mm before posterior margin; surface of concavity granulate anteriorly,

then gradually less so to nearly smooth posterior edge; all pronotal granules

each with puncture at base with long, erect seta. Outer pronotal carina on

each side divided in two portions; anterior part fusing with lateral marginal

bead just anterior to lateral fovea, carina thin, about 1.5 mm long, ending

just above lateral fovea; posterior portion of carina similar in width to

inner carina, about 1.5 mm long, very slightly closer to lateral margin

anterior to posterior angle than to adjacent inner carina. Lateral pronotal

margin below fovea, broadly, shallowly, inwardly arcuate; marginal bead

complete, not broken. Elytron with five or six moderately impressed

striae, elytral surface coarsely punctate, punctures not limited to striae;

each puncture with moderately long, semi-erect tan seta; surface between

punctures smooth, shining. Metasternum between middle coxae feebly

convex, anterior edge obtusely angled, apex of angle at midline with small

tubercle; surface of metasternum with scattered small punctures, each with

long, semi-erect seta. Fore tibia with four teeth on outer margin.

MALE. Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, female, [Brazil], Pr. de Bahia, S.

Antonio da Barra, Gounelle 11. XII.88 (Paris).

REMARKS. As discussed under latidorsalis, anfractus belongs toa

small group of three closely related species, the third species being

purpureipennis. Neoathyreus anfractus can be distinguished from either of

these by the oddly shaped, sinuate, inner pronotal carina. The species is

18 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

probably most closely related to latidorsalis.

6. Neoathyreus latidorsalis n. sp.

Figures 22-25, Map 1

HOLOTYPE. Male, length11.0 mm, greatest width 6.5 mm.

Dorsally reddish-brown. Clypeus with both oblique and posterior carinae

strongly developed; median tubercle in centre of clypeus only moderately

elevated, apex worn; lateral tubercle on each side above base of mandible

feebly developed. Vertex between eyes flat to feebly convex; surface

minutely setose, coarsely granulate between eyes, punctate posteriorly

between low carina on each side. Pronotum (Figs. 22, 23) with small fossa

on each side behind eye contiguous with anterior marginal bead, fossa only

slightly wider than adjacent bead; anterior pronotal margin between fossae

gradually elevated to midline, small tubercle present at midline, base of

tubercle merging with posterior edge of marginal bead. Inner pronotal

carina unusually wide, 0.5 mm or more; anterior end arising approximately

0.8 mm behind fossa, carina strongly convergent with opposite carina,

approaching within 0.2 mm of midline at about anterior third, then parallel

with midline and opposite carina to posterior termination 0.6 mm before

posterior pronotal margin; concavity between inner carinae very shallow,

represented mainly by elongate, granulate-punctate depression along mid-

line; granulate-punctate surfaces of pronotum with minute setae. Outer

pronotal carina on each side divided into two portions, anterior section with

lateral end fused with lateral marginal bead; carina extending inward as

thin raised ridge immediately anterior to lateral fovea, length of carina 1.5

mm to1.6 mm; posterior position of carina wide, similar to inner carina

in appearance, about 1.5 mm long, wider posteriorly, positioned midway

between lateral margin anterior to posterior angle and inner carina; lateral

pronotal fovea shallow, margin below broadly, shallowly inwardly arcuate,

marginal bead complete, not reduced. Elytron with four or five feebly

impressed striae, surface of disc closely, coarsely punctate, each puncture

with short, fine, black seta; surface between punctures smooth, shining.

Metasternum between middle coxae convex, anterior edge obtusely angulate,

apex of angulation with short, low ridge or tubercle; surface of metasternum

with widely scattered minute punctures, some punctures with moderately

elongate, fine setae. Fore tibia with four teeth on outer margin. Genitalia

as in figs. 24, 25. |

ALLOTYPE. Female, length 8.7 mm, greatest width 5.4 mm.

Dorsally tan. Similar to holotype except as follows: dorsal setae larger,

more conspicuous; both median and lateral clypeal tubercles reduced in size

and height, a function of smaller overall size; pygidium more convex, apex

more rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Brasflia, Cuyaba (Berlin).

Allotype, female, same data as holotype (Berlin).

PARATYPE: 1 male.

BRAZIL - Mato Grosso: 12951'S, 51947'W, 13.11.1968. O.W.

Richards (London).

REMARKS. Seven relatively small species have an outer pronotal

carina that joins the lateral margin. Four of these species have at least the

elytra green or black. Three species anfractus, purpureipennis and

latidorsalis are mostly tan, reddish-brown or brown with a purplish hue.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus TS

The two brown species are both related to latidorsalis, and since the male of

anfractus is unknown it is difficult to ascertain which is most closely related.

The three species certainly represent a complex of closely related forms

that are best separated by the characters given in the key.

ee epee bara ae)

ot Nee Tan Yaa , Soa (A ee eae

1 | wh F 2

4=4... Zlaseri n. Sp. i a= ‘. purpureipennis (Westwood)

4= 2. arribalzagai (Martinez) 4= 8. anthracinus (Klug)

@=3. flavithorax (Arribalzaga) m= 9. cuspinotatus ni. sp.

O=4. viridis (Boucomont) 0=10. bidentatus (Macleay)

m=5. anfractus n. sp. ®=11. sexdentatus (Laporte)

O=6. latidorsalisn. sp. O=12. centromaculatus (Felsche)

7. Neoathyreus purpureipennis (Westwood)

Figures 26-28, Map 2

Athyreus purpureipennis Westwood, 1848, p. 387;1851, p. 463.

TYPE. Male, labeled "Athyreus purpureipennis Westw.; 4960" and

with circular "Type" label, in London.

MALE (Holotype). Length 13.3 mm, greatest width 7.5 mm.

Dorsally brown with purple tinge. Clypeus trituberculate; median tubercle

slightly higher, anterior in position; oblique clypeal carina to median

tubercle pronounced; posterior transverse carina distinctly elevated. Vertex

between eyes flat or nearly so, evenly granulate. Pronotum (Fig. 26) with

20 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

fovea on each side behind eye deep, diameter about three times width of

marginal bead; anterior pronotal margin medially with well-developed,

contiguous, almost conical tubercle; posterior to tubercle midline impressed.

Pronotum with inner carina on each side extremely broad, gradually rounded

transversely, smooth area of carina extending to impressed midline in

median third; inner carina with lateral branch extending to lateral pronotal

margin just anterior to lateral fovea. Outer carina large, well-developed,

parallel to outer edge of inner carina, separated from inner carina by

distance equal to own width or less; short, separate, portion of outer carina

present just posterior to very shallow lateral fovea, carina near fovea

approximately 0.5 mm in length. Pronotum with lateral margin not indented

or modified, marginal bead complete. Each elytron with at least five

moderately to well-defined striae, striae punctate-setose; intervals some-

what irregular, smooth and shining. Metasternum between middle coxae

flat, sparsely punctate-setose; anteriorly sharply, obtusely angulate. Fore

tibia with four distinct teeth on outer margin, a vague indentation present

basally behind fourth tooth. Genitalia as in figs. 27, 28.

FEMALE. Lengthi1.5 mm, greatest width 6.6 mm. Dorsally black

with pronotum with lateral third or fourth dark brown. Similar to male

except in the following respects: vertex less strongly granulate, more

strongly punctate (worn); pronotum with indentation of midline obsolete;

lateral branch of inner carina briefly interrupted at inner end; small seg-

ment of outer carina posterior to lateral fovea absent; dorsal setae reduced

in number, probably due to abrasion.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 1 male, 1 female.

BRAZIL - Holotype, no data. Bahia, IV.1948.

Specimens are in: London, Howden.

REMARKS. The fore tibia with four teeth on the outer margin and the

extremely wide inner carina of the pronotum with its lateral branch extend-

ing to the lateral pronotal margin distinguish this species as defined here.

It is possible that the much smaller female with its slight differences in the

pronotal carinae represents a closely related species but, at present, I

consider this unlikely.

Neoathyreus purpureipennis is related to the viridis-corinthius group

which has a lateral extension, broken or complete, of the inner pronotal

carina extending to the lateral pronotal margin. The wider inner carina and

possibly the purplish tinge of the male elytra will separate purpureipennis

from other species in the group.

8. Neoathyreus anthracinus (Klug)

Figures 29-31, Map 2

Athyreus anthracinus Klug, 1843, p. 33.

TYPE. Male (not dissected), labeled "anthracinus Klug, Bahia, Gom."

[green label]; "25640; Typus" [red label]; in Berlin.

MALES. Length 9.2 to10.0 mm, greatest width 5.8 to 6.3 mm.

Dorsally black. Clypeus with oblique and transverse posterior carina

strongly developed; median tubercle pronounced, anterior in position to and

higher than poorly developed lateral tubercle on each side; lateral tubercle

often appearing only as angulate junction of posterior and marginal carinae.

Vertex between eyes feebly convex, surface granulate, with some scattered,

fine, setose punctures; small area of vertex posteriorly on midline smooth,

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus yg

impunctate. Pronotum (Fig. 29) with relatively large, deep fossa on each

side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye, fossa five or more

times width of adjacent bead; pronotal margin between fossae with small,

rounded tubercle at midline. Pronotum with wide, rounded inner carina,

carina most widely separated from opposite carina at anterior end, carina

then gradually converging with opposite one posteriorly, each carina very

slightly inwardly arcuate near middle; width of carina sometimes slightly

reduced near middle. Pronotal concavity Y-shaped, each arm extended to

posterior edge of fossa on each side, concavity shallow, mostly smooth, a

few scattered punctures on "arms" near fossae, row of punctures present

along inner edge of each inner carina; inner carina with lateral branch

extending to and merging with lateral margin just anterior to lateral fovea;

connection of lateral branch of carina with inner carina vague to obsolete.

Outer posterior carina approximately 2.0 mm in length, positioned midway

between inner carina and inwardly arcuate margin of posterior pronotal

angle; lateral pronotal margin below small fovea not abruptly indented,

marginal bead complete. Elytron with five distinct and one or two indistinct

striae between suture and umbone, distinct striae indicated by slightly

irregular rows of setose punctures; slightly raised intervals largely

impunctate, smooth and shining. Metasternum between middle coxae feebly

convex, anterior edge at midline obtusely angulate, surface with moderate

sized, shallow punctures mostly separated by one to two diameters. Fore

tibia with four teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 30, 31.

FEMALE. None seen.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 5 males (including type).

BRAZIL - Alagoas: S&o Miguel dos Campos, IV. Bahia.

Specimens are in: Berlin, London, Oxford, Pittsburgh, Howden.

REMARKS. The five males seen show little variation and I suspect

females will have characters similar to small males. Neoathyreus

anthracinus can best be identified by the fairly wide, largely impunctate

pronotal concavity; the relatively uniformly wide, slightly arcuate inner

carina; the distinct branch of the inner carina extending to the lateral margin;

the pronounced median tubercle of the clypeus (males only ?) and, in non-

teneral specimens, the black dorsal color. The species is probably most

closely related to purpureipennis (Westwood).

9. Neoathyreus cuspinotatus n. sp.

Figures 32-34, Map 2

HOLOTYPE. Male, length12.5 mm, greatest width 7.3 mm.

Dorsally light reddish brown. Clypeus with oblique and posterior transverse

carinae present, not strongly developed; median tubercle pronounced,

anterior base of tubercle arising from anterior clypeal margin, face slanted

posteriorly to apex of tubercle; posterior carina on each side depressed,

rising slightly to small, poorly developed lateral tubercle. Vertex with

median half between eyes distinctly concave; surface coarsely granulate,

each granule with long tan seta at base. Pronotum (Fig. 32) with deep fossa

on each side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye, fossa one

and one-half to two times as wide as adjacent bead; pronotal margin arcuately

elevated to midline, midline starting at and posterior to margin with large,

laterally compressed tubercle (see Fig. 32); tubercle approximately 1.0 mm

high. Inner pronotal carina on each side arising about 1.0 mm behind fossa,

22 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

sradually elevated to slightly inflexed obtuse angle near middle, then

abruptly depressed, briefly flared to inwardly arcuate posterior, posterior

edge of carina approximately 0.3 to 0.4 mm from posterior pronotal margin,

area near midline wider; concavity deepest between angulations, surface

closely granulate-rugose and punctate, except smooth in posterior fourth

behind line of angles. Outer pronotal carina obsolete, vaguely indicated by

row of several larger, shining granules. Pronotum with lateral fovea

shallow, small with vague secondary depression below; pronotal margin

below fovea not indented, bead complete. Elytron with one or two feebly

elevated, poorly defined intervals; surface of elytron closely, coarsely,

irregularly punctate, each puncture with semi-erect brownish seta. Meta-

sternum between middle coxae almost flat, anterior edge obliquely angulate,

(midline obscured by glue), surface feebly punctate, each puncture with long

seta. Fore tibia with five teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 33,

34.

ALLOTYPE. Female, length12.6 mm, greatest width 7.8 mm.

Dorsally dark brown with sides of pronotum light brown. Similar to holotype

except as follows: oblique clypeal carina more strongly developed; median

clypeal tubercle smaller, lower; midline of pronotum anteriorly with com-

pressed tubercle thicker, anterior edge more uniformly curved posteriorly;

smooth area of posterior end of pronotal concavity extending further

anteriorly and slightly wider; outer pronotal carina short, distinct between

inner carina and inwardly arcuate pronotal margin anterior to posterior

angle; pygidium more convex, apex more broadly rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Brazil, Sabar4-Bello Horizonte,

Rio das Velhao, A.G.N. Chalmers, B.M. 1932-11 (London). Allotype,

female, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Aguas Vermelhas, XII.1983, M. Alverenga

(Pittsburgh).

PARATYPES: 3 males; 2, same data as allotype.

BRAZIL -1, no other data. |

Paratypes are in: Brussels, Pittsburgh, Howden.

REMARKS. This species is very close to catharinae, differing

primarily in having a pronounced, laterally compressed, anterior pronotal

tubercle and a differently shaped inner pronotal carina (Fig. 32). I have

examined two other specimens other than the paratypes that I would refer to

cuspinotatus but have excluded as paratypes because of their atypical inner

pronotal carina. One specimen, a male labeled "Rio Jan. Fry'' (London) is

approximately the same size as the holotype but has the anterior median

tubercle low, longer than high and with a sharp angle at the posterior end.

The other specimen, a female, is labeled "S. America, Columbien, Cauca"

(Dresden); I rather doubt the data. Both the male and female have the inner

pronotal carina of approximately the same length, development and shape

before and behind the small, inwardly directed obtuse angle near the middle

of the carina. The shape of the carina differs from both cuspinotatus and

catharinae, but is closer to the former. Either cuspinotatus exhibits

considerable variation or at least two species are present. The atypical

form will key to cuspinotatus in my key. Obviously more material is needed

to establish the limits of variation of the various forms in this complex.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 23

10. Neoathyreus bidentatus (Macleay)

Figures 35-37, Map 2

Athyreus bidentatus Macleay, 1819, p. 124; Westwood, 1851, p. 458.

Athyreus fossulatus Westwood, 1851, p. 464. NEW SYNONYMY.

TYPE. bidentatus Macleay, not seen, location uncertain, possibly in

Macleay collection, Sydney.

TYPE. fossulatus Westwood. Male (? not dissected) labeled:

'fossulatus Westw.; so named in Reichés collection, C.W.; Pernambuco;

30; 67.453'' and with circular "TYPE" label, in London.

MALES. Length 9.6 to10.8 mm, greatest width 5.9 to 6.6 mm.

Dorsally black with conspicuous brown setae. Clypeus trituberculate,

median tubercle distinctly larger and higher than lateral tubercles; median

tubercle anterior in position, anterior face rising vertically above anterior

clypeal edge (large males) or slanted slightly posteriorly (smaller males);

both oblique and posterior transverse clypeal carinae well developed.

Vertex flat, closely granular. Pronotum (Fig. 35) on each side behind eye

with small, deep fossa, diameter of fossa approximately equal to width of

adjacent anterior marginal bead; anterior pronotal margin with very small

tubercle or obscure swelling at midline; pronotum abruptly concave posterior

to margin behind vertex, concavity elongate, deepest and smooth along mid-

line to posterior termination marked by transverse, smooth area. Pronotal

concavity delimited on each side by relatively thick carina; carina (large

specimen) inwardly, obtusely rounded (not sharp angle) near midpoint of

length, then feebly convergent with opposite carina to rounded posterior end

just posterior to transverse smooth area; in small males carina lower, only

feebly sinuate near middle. Outer pronotal carina on each side absent in

most specimens, one small male (from Esprito Santo) has carina indicated

by irregular line apparently formed by fusion of granules into irregular,

smooth feebly raised posteriorly positioned carina. Pronotum laterally with

shallow fovea, pronotal margin below not indented, marginal bead complete.

Elytron with three to five feebly impressed striae, entire surface closely

punctate-setose, in part rugose, raised intervals slightly less roughened;

surface not mostly shining. Metasternum between middle coxae feebly

convex, anterior edge obtusely angled, surface with widely separated small

setose punctures; metasternal midline with faint depression or ridge. Fore

tibia with four teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 36, 37.

FEMALES. Length 9.2 to10.6 mm, greatest width 5.4 to 6.7 mm.

Similar to males except in the following respects: clypeus with median

tubercle less pronounced; inner pronotal carina slightly reduced in develop-

ment (large specimens) to uniform in height, straight, convergent posteriorly

and with feeble, uniform, very shallow concavity lacking transverse smooth

area; elytral striae in one specimen with only two striae vaguely indicated.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 11 males, 8 females.

BRAZIL - 3, no other data; Espirito Santo: Pernambuco: Rio de

Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, I; Rio de Janeiro; Petrépolis, XII. Sao Paulo.

Specimens are in: Brussels, Dresden, Geneva, London, Munich,

Paris, Pittsburgh, Sado Paulo, Washington, Howden.

REMARKS. The synonomy proposed above is based primarily on

Macleay's (1819) meager description which includes the following useful

points: pronotum with two oblique angles (presumably refers to inner

carinae), color black, fore tibia with four teeth (in observations following

descriptions); and locality Brazil. The only Brazilian species seen with the

24 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

above characters is the one described by Macleay and subsequently by

Westwood in 1851 under the name fossulatus. Since the above characters, if

the locality is included, appear to be unique, I feel that the proposed synonomy

is justified. Unfortunately the location of Macleay's type of bidentatus (and

other Athyreini) remains in doubt. I have briefly examined the extensive

Macleay collection in Sydney, but was unable to find any Athyreini.

There are several species of relatively small, black Neoathyreus from

Brazil, but the following combination of characters will distinguish

bidentatus: color black; clypeus with median tubercle near anterior edge and

frequently twice the size of lateral tubercles; each inner pronotal carina with

rounded, oblique, inwardly directed angulation or sinuation near middle,

carina not abruptly elevated; outer pronotal carina usually absent, rarely

poorly, irregularly defined; elytral surface rough, not shining; and fore

tibia with four teeth on outer margin.

The shape of the inner pronotal carinae and of the pronotal concavity

varies due to allometric growth. Very small specimens of both sexes lack

the distinct angulation of the inner carina and in some the concavity is very

shallow and completely granular. In these cases the complete marginal bead

of the lateral pronotal margin and lack of or feeble development of the outer

pronotal carina will usually identify the species. The male genitalia are

also diagnostic. ,

The most similar species to bidentatus is probably violaceus (Klug)

which differs from bidentatus by having: five teeth on outer margin, distinct

outer carina, non-angulate inner carina, and shining elytral intervals.

11. Neoathyreus sexdentatus (Laporte)

Figures 1, 38-40, Map 2

Athyreus sexdentatus Laporte, 1840, p. 103; Westwood, 1851, p. 464.

TYPE. Female labeled: "Athyreus sexdentatus De Laporte, anim.

art. v 2, p. 103, No. 9. Boards du Paraguay" all on single green label, in

Oxford.

MALES. Length 8.5to12.1mm, greatest width 5.2 to 7.1mm.

Dorsally uniformly tan to brown. Clypeus trituberculate, median tubercle

pronounced, two to three times height of small lateral tubercle on each side

and anterior in position, anterior face of tubercle rising vertically above

anterior margin of clypeus; oblique carinae strongly developed, extending

almost to apex of median tubercle; posterior carina extending between

tubercles also strongly developed. Vertex flat to shallowly concave between

eyes, surface granular and setose, sometimes less closely granular near

midline. Pronotum (Fig. 38) with fossa on each side deep, diameter three

to four times width of adjacent anterior marginal bead; anterior pronotal

margin with small tubercle at midline; pronotum medially, posterior to

anterior margin concave between inner carinae, concavity granulate except

along midline. Inner pronotal carina on each side sharply, obtusely,

inwardly angulate near posterior third, carina lower and inwardly arcuate

posterior to angle; posterior edge of concavity frequently smooth between

inner carinae; smooth area lacking in small specimens. Outer pronotal

carina lacking. Lateral pronotal fovea feebly to moderately impressed, near

circular; lateral pronotal margin not indented below fovea, marginal bead

complete, not interrupted either medially or near posterior angle. Elytron

with striae obsolete, elytral surface setose-punctate, most punctures with

small anterior granule. Metasternum between middle coxae moderately

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 25

convex, midline only occasionally feebly impressed or delimited by dark

line, surface punctate-setose; anterior margin rounded, distinct median

angle lacking. Fore tibia frequently with six teeth on outer margin (type has

six teeth), occasionally small, basal, fifth and six tooth fused giving appear-

ance of five teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 39, 40.

FEMALES. Length 8.4 to12.3 mm, greatest width 5.2 to 7.4 mm.

Very similar to males differing as follows: median clypeal tubercle fre-

quently reduced in height, with anterior face slanted posteriorly, not vertical

above anterior clypeal margin; inner pronotal carina(e) in very small speci-

ments sinuate medially, distinct obtuse angle lacking.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 80 males, 99 females.

ARGENTINA - Corrientes: Misionés: Apostoles, XI; Gran Chaco;

Rio Salado; Rio las Garzas [sic], Ocampo; Santa Fé: Rfo san Javier,

Estancia la Noria, I, XII.

BRAZIL - Espfrito Santo: Guyab4; Mato Grosso: Barra do Tapirapé,

XI; Porto Velho; Rio Tapirapé, III; St. Domingos, X; Trés Lagoas, IV;

Para: Soure Marajé.

PARAGUAY: Ascuncion; Chaco, Rio Confuso; Horqueta, III; Itapua,

Salto Tembey, X; Sa. Trinidad, XII; San Bernardino; San Pedro, Carumby,

Ill; Sapucay, II; Villarrica.

Specimens are in: Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Leiden,

London, Munich, New York, Paris, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Sio Paulo,

Tucuman, Washington, Arnaud, Glaser, Howden.

REMARKS. There has been some confusion over the application of the

name sexdentatus, perhaps due in part to the variable number of teeth on the

fore tibia. However, the species can usually be recognized by the obtusely,

inwardly angulate inner pronotal carina on each side of the concavity, by the

lack of the outer pronotal carina, by the small median tubercle on the

anterior pronotal margin, by the lack of elytral striae and by the distinctive

male genitalia. The most closely related species appears to be goyasensis.

12. Neoathyreus centromaculatus (Felsche)

Figures 41-44, Map 2

Athyreus centromaculatus Felsche, 1909, p. 763.

TYPE. Female, labeled "Jatahy, Goyas B.; Coll. C. Felsche, Kauf

20, 1918; centromaculatus Felsche, Goyas" handwritten on folded, red

bordered label; "T'YPUS"; and with museum label, in Dresden (a second

smaller specimen with identical locality label is also in Dresden, but there

is no evidence that it was included in Felsche's description).

MALES. Length 5.8 to 8.5 mm, greatest width 3.4 to 5.8 mm.

Dorsally greyish-black to black or bicolored with head, central third or

more of pronotum, and often bases of elytra black, remainder reddish

brown; numerous dorsal setae pale tan to white. Clypeus with both oblique

and posterior carinae strongly developed; median tubercle distinct, only

slightly higher than lateral tubercle on each side, posterior carina between

tubercles downwardly arcuate between tubercles. Vertex flat to very slightly

concave between eyes; surface granulate-setose, granulations closer on

small specimens. Pronotum (Figs. 41, 42) with small fossa on each side

behind eye contiguous with anterior marginal bead, fossa two to three times

width of adjacent bead; anterior margin at midline with pronounced conical

tubercle situated just posterior to marginal bead and with anterior base

26 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

merging with bead. Pronotum with inner carina on each side arising at or

behind level of lateral foveae; carina somewhat variable in length, propor-

tunately shorter in larger males, carina moderately to feebly bowed inwardly

between ends, carina measuring 0.2 to 0.3 mm in width (wide for size of

species), uniformly elevated and sharply delimited from surrounding

granulate surface; surface between inner carinae concave for total area

between carina, wider anteriorly; surface of concavity granulate with trans-

verse smooth band extending between carinae, position and width of band

varying with size, being reduced in width and more posterior in position in

small specimens. Outer pronotal carina absent; lateral fovea on each side

very small, shallow; pronotal margin below fovea not indented, bead not

interrupted. Elytron with few faint depressions at base, no striae or

intervals extending onto disc; elytral surface closely, doarsely punctate,

surface between irregular, shining; most punctures each with semi erect

seta. Metasternum between middle coxae flat to feebly convex, midline

faintly indicated or not, anterior edge at midline obtusely angulate; surface

with widely separated coarse punctures, each with long whitish seta. Fore

tibia with six teeth on outer margin, basal tooth often minute (probably not

evident in abraded specimens). Genitalia as in figs. 48, 44.

FEMALES. Length 5.8 to 7.1mm, greatest width 3.7 to 4.6 mm.

In color, punctures, and shape of pronotal carinae females as variable as

males; differing from males as follows: clypeus with median tubercle

slightly reduced in height and with anterior face more slanted, tubercle more

posterior in position; lateral tubercles not differing from those of males.

Pygidium more convex, apex more rounded.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 6 males, 3 females.

BOLIVIA - Santa Cruz: Buena Vista.

BRAZIL - Goias: Jataf (= Jatahy); Mineiros; Rio Verde; Trinidade;

Para.

PARAGUAY - San Bernardino.

Specimens are in: Berlin, Paris, Pittsburgh, Howden.

REMARKS. As defined here centromaculatus may represent a complex

of closely related forms. The relatively few specimens I have seen vary

considerably, not only in size and color, but nearly every specimen seen has

slightly differently shaped inner pronotal carinae. However the variation

noted cannot be easily correlated with different localities or habitats. The

few specimens seen from Jatai (type locality) varied from bicolored to

entirely black; the largest and smallest specimens were also from that

locality and the greatest pronotal variation also occurred there. Before

naming any of the different "morphs" I would want to have a good series

bearing accurate data from a number of localities.

The species can be recognized by its relatively small size, black or

sharply brown and black dorsal color, fore tibia with six teeth, and its

pronotal characters (Figs. 41, 42).

13. Neoathyreus peckorum n. sp.

Figures 45-47, Map 3

HOLOTYPE. Male, length 9.6 mm, greatest width 6.6 mm. Dorsally

reddish brown. Clypeus with oblique and posterior carinae complete,

moderately developed; oblique carina on each side fusing with opposite below

anterior apex of median tubercle; median tubercle approximately twice height

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 27

of lateral tubercle on each side; apex of median tubercle round, somewhat

triangular in dorsal view; lateral tubercles feebly developed. Vertex feebly

concave between eyes, surface finely granulate-rugose, most granules each

with erect tan seta at base. Pronotum (Fig. 45) with relatively deep fossa

on each side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye; fossa three

to four times width of adjacent bead; anterior pronotal margin between fossae

elevated to midline, midline with large, erect, acutely pointed tubercle,

anterior base of tubercle merging with anterior marginal bead. Inner

pronotal carinae complex, carina on each side arising approximately 0.4 mm

behind fossa, carina upwardly arcuate at middle (in lateral view), parallel

with opposite carina (in dorsal view) to posterior third, then abruptly

inwardly arcuate to sinuate, inner margin of carina bending anteriorly and

merging with opposite carina to form acute, anteriorly directed tubercle,

midline with low ridge for 1.0 mm anterior and below tubercle; posterior

portion of inner carina on each side with posterior extension (as typical for

many Neoathyreus) terminating about 0.4 mm from midline and 0.6 mm

from posterior pronotal margin. Pronotal concavity slightly elongate, mid-

line impressed anteriorly behind anterior acute tubercle; surface of concav-

ity granulate-punctate, gradually with fewer, more widely spaced eranules,

posterior declivous portion smooth. Outer pronotal carina on each side

thick, feebly arcuate, approximately 1.0 mm long, positioned midway between

posterior lateral pronotal margin and inner carina. Pronotum with lateral

fovea obsolete, area very feebly concave (unusual for genus), pronotal

margin below not indented, marginal bead complete; median pronotal angle

broadly rounded. Elytron with striae obsolete, surface closely, coarsely

punctate, each puncture with semi-erect seta; surface between punctures

shining. Metasternum between middle coxae feebly convex, midline feebly,

narrowly indented, anverior edge at midline broadly, obtusely angulate,

sharp projection lacking; surface of metasternum shallowly punctate, each

puncture with long, semi-erect seta. Fore tibia with six teeth on outer

margin. Genitalia as in figs. 46, 47.

FEMALE. Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Colombia, 33 km E. Villavicencio,

2-4.111.1972, S. & J. Peck, in forest (Howden).

REMARKS. This species has relatively unique pronotal characters,

the acute tubercle at the middle of the anterior margin and the acute tubercle

at the posterior median end of the concavity are sufficient to recognize the

species. The species probably belongs to the lanuginous complex.

The species is named in honour of my colleagues, Stewart and Jarmila

Peck, both of whom have contributed greatly to this study and have, over the

years, turned up many new and interesting Scarabaeidae.

14. Neoathyreus corniculatus (Felsche)

Figures 48-50, Map 3

Athyreus corniculatus Felsche, 1909, p. 762.

TYPE. Female, labeled: "Venezuela, Mérida; Coll. C. Felsche,

Kauf 20, 1918; corniculatus Felsche, Venezuela [handwritten on folded, red

bordered label}; TYPUS;" and with museum label, in Dresden.

28 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

MALES. Length12.6 to13.8 mm, greatest width 7.3 to 8.0 mm.

Dorsally brown to dark brown with sides of pronotum frequently lighter in

color. Clypeus with both oblique and posterior carinae present, posterior

carina on each side of median tubercle depressed and extending obliquely

posteriorly to pronounced lateral tubercle; median tubercle distinctly anterior

to lateral tubercles, anterior face vertical to slanted, slanted posteriorly

above clypeal margin. Vertex between eyes with concave area, surface of

vertex closely granulate, median depression frequently only finely, sparsely

granulate. Pronotum (Fig. 48) with small fossa on each side behind eye

adjacent to anterior marginal bead, diameter of fossa three or four times

width of adjacent marginal bead; pronotal bead at midline very feebly

thickened, not widened and elevated (see lobus). Pronotum with inner carina

on each side more sharply delimited along outer edge, carina anteriorly

arising approximately 1.0 mm posterior to fossa, most distinctly elevated in

posterior half, elevated portion evenly, inwardly arcuate to approximately

0.5 mm from midline; upright, slightly laterally compressed knob (Fig. 48)

present on midline between lateral carinae approximately 1.5 mm before

posterior pronotal margin; concavity between carina broad, sides gradually

sloping, surface in anterior half moderately to closely granulate; granules

becoming gradually smaller, more widely spaced to a smooth non-granulate,

feebly punctate area on either side of knob, the poorly delimited smooth

area forming inner portion of inner carinae. Outer pronotal carina on each

side absent or feebly indicated by presence of elongate, non-granulate area

midway between arcuate posterior pronotal angle and inner carina; lateral

fovea small, pronotal margin below feebly indented, marginal bead

occasionally briefly interrupted. Elytron with three to five very feebly

elevated intervals, surface of elytron closely, irregularly granulate and

punctate-setose. Mesosternum between middle coxae feebly convex, anterior

margin at midline obtusely angulate; surface slightly alutaceous, with well

spaced setose punctures, most punctures with minute, raised granulation at

anterior edge. Fore tibia with five or six teeth on outer margin. Genitalia

with apex of capsule narrowly rounded, not reflexed, densely setose.

Genitalia as in figs. 49, 50.

FEMALES. Length12.0 to12.8 mm, greatest width 7.1 to 7.9 mm.

Differs only slightly from males: clypeal tubercles smaller, lower; prono-

tum with flattened, smooth area along inner edge of inner carinae reduced

in width (may be more related to size than sex); pygidium more convex, apex

more broadly rounded.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 2 males, 5 females.

VENEZUELA - Carabobo: Borburata, 600m, IV. Caracas. Miranda;

Petaguire, V: San Antonio.

Specimens are in: Berlin, Geneva, Maracay, Howden.

REMARKS. It is interesting that the range of corniculatus seems to be

limited to northern South America, while its sibling, lobus, occurs in

Argentina. The two species are externally very similar, differing primarily

in their pronotal characters; however there are subtle differences as well,

for example, the mesosternum of lobus has larger, more closely spaced

punctures lacking distinct anterior granules that are usually present in

corniculatus. Habitat data are lacking for corniculatus but I suspect the

habitats are roughly similar to those of lobus.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus a

15. Neoathyreus lobus n. sp.

Figures 51-53, Map 3

HOLOTYPE. Male, length13.4 mm, greatest width 8.1mm. Dorsally

head and pronotum light brown with sides of pronotum tan, elytra darker

brown. Clypeus with both oblique and posterior carina well developed,

posterior carina on each side of median tubercle slightly depressed and

extending obliquely posteriorly to lateral tubercle; median tubercle distinctly

anterior in position to lateral tubercles; all tubercles well developed. Vertex

between eyes feebly concave, surface densely granulate. Pronotum (Fig. 51)

with minute fossa on each side behind eye adjacent to margin, fossa only

slightly larger in diameter than adjacent granules; anterior pronotal

marginal bead at midline elevated and expanded into a posteriorly directed

obtuse angulation of the posterior edge of bead. Pronotum with inner carina

on each side arising about 0.8 mm posterior to fossa, carina nearly straight

in anterior half then abruptly, inwardly arcuate and widened in posterior

half; outer edge of carina elevated, inner margin less elevated above surface

but delimited by sharp, crenulate edge adjacent to closely granulate area of

concavity; concavity gradual, posterior midline 1.8 mm before posterior

margin with upright, nearly circular knob with base anteriorly and laterally

closely granulate-punctate. Outer carina on each side poorly developed,

represented by short, feebly elevated ridge above inwardly arcuate posterior

pronotal angle, ridge closer to inner carina than to margin; lateral pronotal

margin feebly indented below small lateral fovea, marginal bead complete,

not reduced or broken. Elytron with one or two very feebly depressed striae

near suture, surface almost uniformly, roughly punctate, most punctures

each with erect, posteriorly slanted tan seta. Mesosternum between middle

coxae slightly convex, midline faintly impressed, anterior edge at midline

obtusely angulate; surface with moderate sized punctures separated by

approximately two diameters, most punctures each with long tan seta.

Genital capsule with apex broadly rounded, setose. Genitalia as in figs. 52,

03; Slender cylindrical projection on each side nearly twice as long as in

corniculatus.

ALLOTYPE. Female, length13.1mm, greatest width 7.3 mm.

Similar to holotype except: darker with head, pronotum, and elytra brown,

sides of pronotum light reddish-brown; pygidium more convex, apex more

broadly rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Argentina, Catamarca, La Vina,

22-25.11.1979, R. Golbach (Tucuman). Allotype, female, same data as

holotype (Tucuman).

PARATYPES: 10 males, 22 females.

ARGENTINA - 5, same data as holotype. 1, no other data, A.E.

Bottche. Northern Argentina, 1907-205BM. Jujuy: 6 km W. Yuto, INTA,

13-14.11.1982, H. & A. Howden. Tucumdn: 450 m, 21.1.1904, 3.V.1926,

XI-XII.1944, R. Golbach; Farallon Blanco, 7-8.11.1961, R. Golbach; Horco

Molle, 15.11.1961, L. Stange, 18.1.1966, H. & M. Townes; Taff Dist., X.

1945; Taff Viejo, X.1945, A. Brizuela; Tucumdn City; 14050 - Ps.

Wygodzinsky; Villa Nougues, III.1939, 1.1957, F. Monros, 18.1.1966,

L. Stange, 18-17.1.1966, H. & M. Townes. Salta: Prov. 1905, Steinbach;

Cerrillos, INTA, 9.II.1982, H. & A. Howden; 20 | km N. La Caldera, El

Ucumar, 780 m, 31.1.1982, H. & A. Howden; Vinaco, 15 km S. El Carril,

12.11.1982, H. & A. Howden.

BOLIVIA - San Antonio.

30 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Paratypes are in: Berlin, London, Paris, Tucuman, Washington,

Howden, Martinez.

REMARKS. Size ranges from 11.4 to13.7 mm in length and from 6.7

to 8.9 mm in greatest width. The majority of specimens resemble the

allotype in coloration, but in major characters there are no noteworthy

variations. Most of the specimens personally collected were taken at light

in areas of dense thorn scrub or at Yuto in Jujuy, near a patch of broadleaf

evergreen forest. One specimen from Cerrillos in Salta Prov. was caught

in a flight interception trap set in long grass in a stand of Prosopis sp.

(mesquite trees). Specimens taken at light flew in shortly after sunset. The

species is closely related to corniculatus from Venezuela; characters

separating the two species are given under corniculatus and in the key.

16. Neoathyreus reichii (Westwood)

Figures 54-57, Map 3

Athyreus reichii Westwood, 1851, p. 465.

TYPE. Female (not dissected) labeled: "Athyreus reichii Westw.

NOV. GRANADA; 113 67.453; 333;'' and with circular "TYPE" label; in London.

MALE. Lengthi1.2 mm, greatest width 7.2 mm. Dorsally tan to

light brown (slightly teneral). Clypeus trituberculate; median tubercle lower,

smaller than lateral tubercle on each side; median tubercle slightly anterior

in position; oblique and posterior carinae present, complete. Vertex abruptly

concave between eyes, concavity deep, nearly circular, surface smooth and

shining; vertex on each side of concavity closely punctate-setose. Pronotum

(Fig. 54) with fossa on each side near anterior margin behind eye deep,

diameter about three times width of anterior marginal bead; anterior prono-

tal margin lacking medium tubercle; midline approximately 1.0 mm posterior

to anterior margin with large, laterally compressed, acutely angled horn or

large tubercle; pronotum posterior to horn concave between inner carinae.

Inner pronotal carina on each side extending from posterior indentation of

fossa in arcuate curve to feeble obtuse angulation of carina at posterior

fourth, carina then distinctly less elevated, bending sharply inward and

inwardly smooth and flat to indented midline; posterior end of carina 0.4 to

0.5 mm anterior to posterior margin of pronotum. Outer pronotal carina

approximately 1.0 mm long, straight, slightly closer to inner carina than to

margin near posterior angle. Lateral pronotal fovea consisting of elongate

depression, deepest at either end; lateral pronotal margin below fovea

indented, marginal bead broken. Elytron with four or five feebly impressed

striae; elytral surface irregularly punctate-setose, punctures more numerous

on each side or in striae; setae semi-erect, dark brown. Metasternum

between middle coxae very feebly convex, midline narrowly impressed,

impunctate; surface otherwise with numerous, evenly spaced setose punctures;

anterior edge very obtusely angulate. Fore tibia with five teeth on outer

margin. Genitalia as in figs. 56, 57.

FEMALE (holotype). Length 9.7 mm, greatest width 5.7 mm. Similar

to male except in the following respects: dorsally dark brown with clypeus,

frons, and lateral thirds of pronotum reddish brown; median clypeal horn

distinctly anterior in position, well-developed, as elevated as lateral

tubercles; concavity of vertex smaller, vertex laterally granular, less setose;

pronotum (Fig. 55) with median horn one-third size of male, concavity very

shallow; posterior, transverse portion of inner carina only feebly indicated;

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 31

lateral carina slightly shorter; many setae on pronotum and elytra absent,

loss seemingly due to abrasion.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 3 males, 1 female.

COLOMBIA -1, no other data. 1, Nova Grenada = Colombia, Panama,

and Venezuela (holotype).

VENEZUELA - 2, Tachira, cr. San Cristébal.

Specimens are in: Maracay, Paris, Howden.

REMARKS. Neoathyreus reichii is related to the centralis group of

species, all having a pronounced tubercle on the pronotal midline distinctly

posterior to the anterior margin. The indented lateral pronotal margin with

the broken marginal bead will separate reichii from centralis and related

species. These characters plus the five teeth on the fore tibia, central

pronotal tubercle and odd shape of the inner pronotal carina will distinguish

reichii from any other Neoathyreus. Most of the differences noted between

the male and female of reichii are probably due to allometric growth caused

by the difference in body size.

17. Neoathyreus pholas (Westwood)

Figures 58-60, Map 3

Athyreus pholas Westwood, 1848, p. 387;1851, p. 462; Harold, 1880, p. 44.

Athyreus vulpinus Harold, 1880, p. 4. NEW SYNONYMY.

Lectotype of pholas Westwood here designated: male, labeled "pholas

Buq.; Type, Westwood, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 387, Coll. Hope Oxon.; Type,

col: 4975, Athyreus pholas Westw., Hope Dept. Oxford"; and with my

lectotype label; in Oxford. Paralectotype, male with same "type" labels as

lectotype except "497 2/2": in Oxford.

TYPE. vulpinus Harold labeled: "La Mesa; vulpinus Harold; green

disc; Ex Musaeo E. Steinheil; Museum Paris ex coll. R. Oberthiir, 1952";

in Paris.

MALES. Length10.5 to13.5 mm, greatest width 6.1to 8.3 mm.

Dorsally uniformly brown. Clypeus bituberculate, median tubercle absent,

lateral tubercles strongly elevated, narrowly separated, carinate between

and with posterior carina on each side arcuately extended posteriorly to

inner anterior edge of gena; anterior face of clypeus lacking distinct carina,

surface smooth or slightly roughened. Vertex concave between eyes, center

of concavity smooth, sides granulate. Pronotum (Fig. 58) with deep fossa on

each side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye, diameter of

fossa equal to two or three times width of adjacent marginal bead; anterior

pronotal margin lacking median tubercle, but with large, laterally compressed

tubercle on midline approximately 0.8 to1.0 mm posterior to margin,

tubercle occasionally connected anteriorly to margin by poorly delimited,

narrow ridge or carina; posterior to tubercle pronotum moderately to deeply

concave, concavity becoming shallow posteriorly. Pronotal carinae delimit-

ing concavity unusual (Fig. 58). Inner carina on each side arising anteriorly

in line with tubercle, then elevated and inwardly arcuate to abrupt, acute

angle,posterior to angle inner carina poorly delimited or absent; posterior

end of concavity delimited by bow-shaped outer carina joining one from

opposite side at midline, outer end of each carina positioned midway between

angle of inner carina and margin just anterior to posterior pronotal angle;

inner end of outer carina curving anteriorly to midline, adjacent portion of

concavity mostly smooth and impunctate, bottom of concavity punctate.

32 - Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Lateral portions of pronotum granulate, fovea on each side elongate, narrow,

shallow; pronotal margin below fovea very slightly indented, bead not

broken, complete. Elytron basally with three or four striae very faintly

indicated; surface closely punctate-setose. Metasternum between middle

coxae feebly convex, anterior edge broadly, obtusely angulate; convex

surface with well separated, shallow setose punctures. Fore tibia with five

teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 59, 60.

FEMALES. Length11.3to12.5 mm, greatest width 7.1to 7.8 mm.

Similar to male except for the following obvious differences: clypeus

trituberculate; median tubercle slightly lower and anterior in position to

lateral tubercles near lateral margins; posterior carina connecting clypeal

tubercles moderate in development; anterior face of clypeus on each side

with feebly oblique carina almost meeting carina extending anteriorly from

median tubercle; anterior face of clypeus strongly rugose in unworn speci-

men.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 7 males, 9 females.

COLOMBIA - Bogota; Gigante-Huila; Ibaqué; La Mesa; Muzo, X. One

specimen almost certainly mislabeled 'Brazil''.

Specimens are in: Berlin, Brussels, Dresden, Oxford, London,

Maracay, Munich, Paris, Howden.

REMARKS. Neoathyreus pholas is probably most closely related to

the Mexican-Central American fissicornis Harold. The sharply pointed

median pronotal tubercle and larger size will separate pholas from that

species and the odd position of the inner and outer pronotal carinae (Fig. 58)

coupled with the range of pholas (Colombia) will separate it from any South

American species.

Nothing is known of the habits and few recently collected specimens

have been seen.

18. Neoathyreus centralis (Westwood)

Figures 61-65, Map 4

Athyreus centralis Westwood, 1848, p. 387;1851, p. 463.

TYPE. Male (? not dissected, very teneral, poor_condition), labeled

"Athyreus centralis W., Magdalena, ... [line illegible], . . . Ibaqué;

Columbia [circular label], 46-20 [reverse side];"' and with circular "Type"

label, in London.

MALES. Length12.9 to13.1mm, greatest width 7.3 to 7.5 mm.

Dorsally uniformly tan or brown. Clypeus trituberculate; median tubercle

twice height of lateral tubercles, distinctly anterior in position, anterior

base rising from anterior clypeal edge; lateral tubercle on each side elongate,

slightly inclined laterally above antennal insertion; clypeus with oblique

carina on each side and posterior carina between tubercles relatively feebly

developed. Vertex between line of genae concave, concavity circular in

shape, center smooth, surrounding area rugose or closely granulate.

Pronotum (Fig. 61) with fossa on each side behind eye very small, shallow,

diameter of fossa less than width of adjacent anterior marginal bead;

anterior pronotal margin lacking median tubercle. Pronotum in center of

disc with elongate, laterally compressed keel approximately 0.5 to 0.6 mm

in height and1.5 or 1.6 mm long; anterior margin slanted posteriorly and

rounded to flattened dorsal edge; keel posteriorly abruptly rounded, vertical

or slightly undercut; pronotum on each side of keel feebly, elongately concave,

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 30

posterior to keel with shallow, sparsely punctate, transverse concavity;

concavities on each side delimited by inner carina, anterior end of carina

beginning at anterior third of pronotal length, low, slightly arcuate, feebly

convergent to anterior outer edge of transverse concavity, carina highest at

that point, then obtusely angled downward, carina then slightly to distinctly

reduced in width, straight to feebly inwardly curved at posterior end 0.1 to.

0.2 mm anterior to posterior pronotal margin. Outer pronotal carinal.1

to1.5 mm in length, arcuate, slender; positioned midway between inner

carina and inwardly arcuate pronotal margin just anterior to posterior angle;

arcuate portion of margin with adjacent elongate groove, surface of groove

smooth, deepest adjacent to posterior angle. Lateral pronotal fovea on each

side very shallow, small; lateral pronotal margin below fovea very slightly

indented, marginal bead complete. Elytron basally with two or three striae

feebly indicated; surface of elytron rugose or granulate and punctate, most

punctures each with semi-erect seta. Metasternum between middle coxae

feebly convex, anterior edge obtusely angulate; metasternal surface with

evenly scattered, small, setose punctures. Fore tibia with five teeth on

outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 64, 65.

FEMALE. Lengthi2.1mm, greatest width 7.0 mm. Similar to

males except in the following respects: clypeus with median tubercle lower,

slightly smaller; oblique clypeal carina more strongly developed; posterior

transverse clypeal carina indistinct; concavity of vertex with two-thirds

reduction in diameter; pronotum (Figs. 62, 63) with keel, inner and outer

carinae slightly lower (probably due to somewhat smaller size); pronotal

surface more completely granulate; entire dorsum more conspicuously setose.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 3 males, 3 females.

COLUMBIA - Gigante-Huila, I. Magdalena (holotype): Tolima, Canén

del M[agdalena]; 1500 m, X.

PERU - Huanuco Dept., Cordillera Azul, 39 km NE Tingo Marfa,

1700 m, I; Santa Ana.

Specimens are in: Berlin, London, Maracay, Howden.

REMARKS. Only a few species of Neoathyreus have a distinct, laterally

compressed keel on the pronotal midline near the center of the disc. Only

centralis has the keel distinctly longer than high. This character coupled

with the characters of the head, complete marginal bead of the lateral

- pronotal margin and the five teeth on the outer edge of the fore tibia should

be sufficient to distinguish centralis. The most closely related species is

lingi from Ecuador.

19. Neoathyreus lingi n. sp.

Figures 66-68, Map 4

HOLOTYPE. Male, length10.3 mm, greatest width 6.3 mm. Dorsally

very dark brown with sides of pronotum reddish-brown. Clypeus with oblique

carina on each side distinct, posterior carina feebly indicated; median

tubercle strongly developed, anterior in position, anterior face almost

vertical, lateral tubercle on each side moderate in size; surface between

lateral and median tubercles depressed. Vertex between eyes with distinct,

nearly circular depression medially between eyes, surface of concavity

smooth or nearly so, remainder of vertex closely granulate, each granulation

with long, erect, tan seta at base. Pronotum (similar to female, Fig. 66)

with relatively small fossa on each side contiguous with anterior marginal

34 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

bead behind eye; width of fossa approxinn tely equal to width of adjacent

bead; anterior pronotal margin between fossae only gradually elevated to

midline, bead thickened at midline, marginal tubercle lacking. Pronotum

centrally with laterally compressed upright lobe on midline, pronotum

shallowly concave on each side and anterior to lobe; inner pronotal carina on

each side of lobe evenly arcuate in dorsal view, most distinctly elevated

adjacent to lobe becoming lower and slightly narrower posteriorly; surface

of concavity between inner carinae punctate-granulate, most punctures each

with upright seta. Outer pronotal carina on each side present only poster-

iorly; slender, feebly elevated, slightly closer in position to inner carina

than to lateral pronotal margin just anterior to posterior angle. Lateral

pronotal fovea on each side feebly indicated by irregular elongate depression;

pronotal margin below fovea not indented, marginal bead complete, not

reduced. Elytron with three or four feebly depressed striae; striae and

surface between irregular and with scattered coarse punctures, each with

almost erect, long, slender seta; surface between punctures dull. Meta-

sternum between middle coxae feebly convex, anterior edge obliquely angu-

late, apex of angle with sharp tubercle; surface of metasternum with

scattered shallow punctures, some punctures each with long seta (others

lacking setae due to abrasion). Fore tibia with five teeth on outer margin.

Genitalia as in figs. 67, 68.

ALLOTYPE. Female, length 13.2-mm, greatest width 7.4 mm.

Similar to holotype except in the following respects: vertex more deeply

concave; pronotum with median central lobe more strongly developed (Fig.

66); pronotal concavity slightly more pronounced; lateral pronotal margin

below fovea very slightly indented; elytral surface more roughened; pygidium

more convex, apex more rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, O. Ecuador, Macas, E. Feyer

S. (Washington).

Allotype, female, Ecuador, Napo Prov., 2000 m, 7 km S. Baeza,

21.1870, Ha eae Howden, [flying to black light at dusk](Howden).

PARATYPES: 4 females.

ECUADOR - 8, same data as allotype, except 1 collected 22.II. and1

on 25.11.1975. 1, Napo, San Francisco de Barja [sic], 15.V.1975, at

black light, Spangler, Gurney, Langley, and Cohen.

Paratypes are in: Washington, Howden.

REMARKS. The holotype represents the smallest specimen seen and

the allotype the largest. One paratype has six teeth on the outer margin of

the fore tibia. In other respects the series shows little variation.

Neoathyreus lingi is most closely related to reichii and centralis,

possibly slightly less so to the former. Both reichii 2 and centralis s have the

pronotum uniform in color. In reichii the pronotal concavity is posterior to

the upright lobe on the midline. “Tn centralis the central protrusion is keel-

like and often abruptly declivous near the posterior end, the inner carina on

each side is angulate near the posterior end.

The area in which lingi was personally collected was partly cut over

wet mountain forest with open grassy areas. All specimens came to a15

watt black light at dusk.

The species is named in honour of Mr. L.E.C. Ling who is not only

responsible for the excellent S.E.M. pictures of Neoathyreus but who has

also collected scarabs with me in Ecuador in localities in which some of the

Neoathyreus have been taken.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 35

@®=13. peckorum n. sp. ®=18. centralis (Westwood)

O=14. corniculatus (Felsche) O= 1.4 MSL he USD»

4=15. lobusn. sp. 4=20. goyasensis (Boucomont)

4=16. reichii (Westwood) A= 21. boosin. sp.

™=17. pholas (Westwood) m= 22. catharinae (Bates)

O= 23. corinthius (Klug)

20. Neoathyreus goyasensis (Boucomont)

Figures 69-71, Map 4

Athyreus goyasensis Boucomont, 1902b, p. 585.

TYPE. Male, labeled "Athyreus goyasensis B. type; Jatahy, Prov.

Goyas, Brésil; Typus [red label]; Museum Paris, 1938, Coll. A. Boucomont"’;

in Paris.

MALES. Length10.0 to10.6 mm, greatest width 6.6 to 6.8 mm.

Dorsally reddish brown. Clypeus with both oblique and posterior carinae

strongly developed; median tubercle pronounced, slightly longer than wide

at apex and approximately twice height of lateral tubercle on each side,

posterior carina on each side depressed below level of tubercles. Vertex

between eyes flat to very feebly convex, surface granulate, posterior base

of some granulations each with semi-erect, long, tan seta. Pronotum (Fig.

69) with moderate sized fossa on each side contiguous with marginal bead

posterior to eye; fossa three or four times width of adjacent bead; pronotal

margin between fossae strongly elevated to small tubercle at midline,

a6 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

tubercle and margin forming obtuse angulation. Pronotum with inner carina

on each side arising approximately 1.0 mm behind fossa, carina abruptly

elevated to acute angulation, angulation of carina nearly vertical, not

directed inward; carina at posterior base of angulation briefly very feeble or

absent then becoming distinct to elevated posterior end about 0.4 to 0.5 mm

before posterior pronotal margin; posterior portion of carina behind angula-

tion nearly parallel to and closer to impressed midline; broad concavity

present primarily between anterior angulate portions of carinae; midline and

band on each side near posterior of concavity smooth, remainder of surface

granulate-punctate, most punctures each with tan seta. Outer pronotal

carina on each side, midway between posterior base of angulation of inner

carina and posterior marginal angle, very short, 0.4 to 0.6 mm in length,

feebly developed, occasionally indistinct. Pronotum on each side with fovea

small, circular; lateral pronotal margin below fovea not indented, marginal

bead not interrupted. Elytron lacking distinct striae or elevated intervals;

surface closely punctate-granulate, each puncture with semi-erect tan seta.

Metasternum between middle coxae very feebly convex, midline not

impressed, anterior edge at midline with pronounced obtuse angle; meta-

sternal surface punctate-granulate, puncture at base of granule shallow,

bearing long tan seta. Fore tibia with six teeth on outer margin, basal tooth

minute. Genital capsule broadly rounded at base of short sharply angulate

apex. Genitalia as in figs. 70, 71. |

FEMALE. Length 9.5 mm, greatest width 6.0 mm. Differing from

males as follows: clypeus with median tubercle reduced in height and more

posterior in position, oblique carina on each side merging anterior to

median tubercle, a single median carina extending from junction posteriorly

to median tubercle; lateral tubercles less pronounced, only slightly lower

than median tubercle; vertex more closely granulate (a function of smaller

size ?); pronotum more coarsely granulate; inner pronotal carina more

elongate, anterior angulation feebly elevated, obtuse; inner carina not

interrupted posterior to angulation; pronotal concavity less pronounced,

entirely granulate except indented portion of midline; outer pronotal carina

on each side obsolete; pygidium more convex, apex more rounded.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 3 males, 1 female.

BRAZIL - Goias: Jataf (= Jatahy); Monjolinho; Rio Verde.

Specimens are in: Dresden, Paris, Howden.

REMARKS. The variation noted between males and females may be,

at least in part, influenced by size. From the material at hand, the degree

of influence that size differences have on various characters is impossible

to determine. Large males can be recognized by the sharply angulate

anterior half of the inner pronotal carina, by the posterior base of the

angulation having the carina obsolete, reappearing posteriorly, nearly

parallel and closer to midline. The feebly developed lateral pronotal carina

is also useful.

21. Neoathyreus boosin. sp.

Figure 72, Map 4

HOLOTYPE. Female, length17.4 mm, greatest width 9.4 mm.

Dorsally dark brown with lateral fourth of pronotum on each side reddish

brown. Clypeus with both oblique and posterior carinae present but weakly

developed, strongly depressed between large tubercles; median tubercle

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus a

slanted anteriorly over anterior edge of clypeus; lateral tubercle on each

side positioned in line with antennal insertion, apex of tubercle separated

from lateral margin by approximately 0.5 mm; tubercle upright and trans-

verse; posterior carina between tubercles similar to inverted 'Y", the base

formed by elevated midline posterior to median tubercle. Vertex between

eyes broadly concave in central three-fourths, surface granulate to rugose-

punctate; most punctures each with erect, tan seta. Pronotum (Fig. 72)

with cone shaped fossa on each side near anterior marginal bead behind eye,

fossa three to four times width of adjacent bead; margin between fossae

eradually elevated to large erect, cylindrical, pointed tubercle on midline

posterior to and contiguous with marginal bead. Inner pronotal carina

viewed from above having the outline of a figure ''8'', larger anterior half

with carina anteriorly obsolete, indicated by declivous sides of concavity;

center of figure marked by acutely angled, transversely, inwardly directed

spur of each carina; carina posterior to angle curving inwardly to midline,

posterior two thirds flattened, posterior edge similar to shape described for

lyriferus. Pronotal concavity most pronounced and deepest anterior to acute

angles of inner carinae, surface of concavity with irregularly spaced small

punctures. Outer carina on each side divided into two parts; anterior portion

consists of feebly developed, irregular extension of inner carina extending

to area immediately anterior to lateral fovea, carina not noticeably elevated,

only evident as irregular smooth areas; posterior portion of outer carina

moderately elevated, feebly arcuate, positioned midway between carina and

indented pronotal margin at posterior angle, carina approximately 2.2 mm

long. Pronotum laterally with fovea small, edge of pronotum below fovea

not indented, marginal bead complete. Left elytron with three feebly

elevated intervals between suture and umbone, surface closely, irregularly

punctate, most punctures each with semi-erect tan or black seta (right

elytron missing). Metasternum between middle coxae flat, midline slightly

elevated, anterior edge with sharp, obtuse angle at midline; surface of

metasternum with numerous shallow punctures, each with long semi-erect

tan seta. Fore tibia with five distinct teeth on outer margin, sixth basal

tooth vaguely indicated on left tibia (absence due to abrasion ’?).

MALE. Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, female, S.E. Ecuador, Morona

Santiago, Logrono [sic], 1075 m. 17. VI.84 (Howden).

REMARKS. The three strongly developed clypeal tubercles and the

transverse, inwardly directed acute angles at the middle of the inner prono-

tal carinae will distinguish boosi from the closely related lyriferus or

accinctus. In the key boosi stands beside catharinae but is not closely

related.

Neoathyreus boosi is named for Julius Boos who has collected and sent

to me a number of interesting and rare Ecuadorian Scarabaeidae including

the above and several other Neoathyreus.

22. Neoathyreus catharinae (Bates)

Figures 73-75, Map 4

Athyreus catharinae Bates 1887, p. 110.

LECTOTYPE here designated. Male, labeled "'catharina Bates, S.

Catharina Brazil; Ex Musaeo H.W. Bates 1892; Museum Paris ex Coll. R.

Oberthur, 1952"; and with "Type" label; in Paris.

38 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

MALES. Lengthi1l.4to13.1mm, greatest width 7.1to 7.9 mm.

Dorsally dark brown (non-teneral specimens) with clypeus, lateral third of

pronotum, and often each elytral umbone tan or reddish brown. Clypeus

with both oblique and posterior carinae strongly developed; median tubercle

anterior in position with face rising almost vertically 0.8 to1.1mm above

anterior clypeal margin, tubercle slender, rounded apex slightly longer

than wide; lateral tubercle on each side low, feebly developed. Vertex

slightly, irregularly convex, flat at base of frons, surface rugose with

numerous erect, tan setae. Pronotum (Fig. 73) with small fossa on each

side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye, fossa approximately

twice width of adjacent bead; pronotal margin convex between fossae, mid-

line frequently with low keel or extension of bead extending posteriorly

approximately 0.5 mm; neither keel nor midline distinctly tuberculate.

Inner pronotal carina on each side becoming evident about 1.0 mm behind

fossa, carina slanted upward and inward, terminating about middle of

pronotum in acute, elevated point; carina posterior to point low, only outer

margin delimited, inner portion forming large, smooth area extending

across posterior of concavity; concavity most pronounced in anterior half

and irregularly rugose-punctate. Outer pronotal carina on each side feebly

developed, posterior end arising near posterior flared portion of inner

carina; carina approximately 1.0 mm long, positioned above marginal inden-

tation of posterior angle; lateral fovea lacking anterior carina, fovea oval,

pronotal margin below fovea not indented, bead complete. Elytron lacking

distinct striae or intervals on disc, surface irregularly rugose-punctate,

each puncture with moderately long, semi-erect, tan seta. Metasternum

between middle coxae almost flat, midline feebly indented, anterior edge at

midline obtusely angulate; surface of metasternum finely punctate, each

puncture with long tan seta. Fore tibia frequently with four teeth on outer

margin, rarely, small basal, fifth tooth present. Genital capsule sharply

rounded at apex, apex closely setose. Genitalia as in figs. 74, 75.

FEMALES. Length 9.5to12.5 mm, greatest width 6.5 to 8.0 mm.

Differing from males of similar size mainly in having median clypeal tubercle

reduced in height and in pygidium being more convex with more broadly

arcuate margin. The smallest female with inner pronotal carina on each

side greatly reduced in development with median angulation obtuse and feebly

elevated, flattened posterior portion of concavity mostly punctate, only

small lateral area on each side adjacent to carina impunctate; outer carina

feeble, length reduced to 0.8 mm.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 15 males, 16 females.

BRAZIL - Espirito Santo. St. Catharina: Corupa, I, [X; Hansa

(= Corup&); Joinvile; Rio Natal, I; Salto do Pirahy near Jaragua.

Theresopolis.

Specimens are in: Berlin, Brussels, Dresden, London, New York,

Paris, Sao Paulo, Washington, Howden.

REMARKS. Small or teneral specimens of catharinae may be difficult

to place except by association, locality and use of male genitalia. However,

the majority of speciments can be identified by the following combination of

characters: strongly developed median clypeal tubercle; acute, inwardly

directed angle of inner pronotal carina; unmodified lateral margins of

pronotum and lateral third of pronotum distinctly lighter in color than central

third (concavity). The closest relative to catharinae is cuspinotatus and to

a lesser degree boosi from Ecuador.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 39

23. Neoathyreus corinthius (Klug)

Figures 76-79, Map 4

Athyreus corinthius Klug, 1843, p. 32. |

Athyreus violaceus Klug, 1843, p. 338. NEW SYNONYMY.

TYPE. Male, labeled "corinthius Klug*, Brasil. Virm.[green label];

25639; Typus [red label] ''; in Berlin.

TYPE. Female, labeled "violaceus Klug*, Brasil. Virm. [green label] ;

25641; Typus [red label] Ms. in Berlin.

MALES. Length 8.2 to12.2 mm, greatest width 6.1 to 7.1 mm.

Dorsally dark brown, or head and pronotum black with elytra reddish brown

except black on margins and apically on and near suture, or dorsally entirely

black (types). Clypeus with oblique and posterior carinae distinct; median

tubercle anterior to lateral tubercle on each side, more strongly elevated;

lateral tubercle feebly developed, positioned above mandibular base. Vertex

flat to feebly concave, surface granular-rugose to closely granular. Prono-

tum (Fig. 76) with deep, distinct fossa on each side contiguous with anterior

marginal bead behind eye, fossa three to four times width of adjacent bead;

pronotal margin between fossae elevated to form obtuse angle at midline,

small, distinct tubercle at posterior of bead forming apex of angle. Inner

pronotal carina on each side strongly rounded in cross section, uniform in

height, most widely separated anteriorly and feebly arcuate, closer to mid-

line posteriorly and almost straight; concavity shallow and entirely punctate-

eranulate (type of violaceus) to moderate in depth with posterior third or

half smooth, occasional punctures present; most punctures each with erect

greyish-black seta. Outer pronotal carina variable; in large specimens short

(0.5 mm) anterior carina present just anterior to lateral fovea, carina

absent in small specimens (eg. type of violaceus); all specimens with

posterior, feebly arcuate to sinuate carina 1.0 to1.5 mm long; carina

distinctly closer to indentation anterior to posterior angle of lateral margin

than to inner carina; lateral pronotal margin not indented below lateral fovea,

marginal bead not interrupted. Elytron with three or four feebly impressed,

irregularly punctate striae between suture and umbone; raised intervals with

smooth portions shining, remainder of surface irregularly punctate; most

punctures each with semi-erect to erect seta. Metasternum flat to feebly

convex, anterior edge obtusely angled, angle at midline sharp; surface of

metasternum with shallow, scattered punctures each with long, pale seta.

Fore tibia with five (violaceus) or six (corinthius) teeth on outer margin;

development of basal tooth varying from absent, to feeble, to distinct.

Genitalia as in figs. 78, 79.

FEMALES. Length 7.8 to11.8 mm, greatest width 5.2 to6.9 mm.

Females similar to males of similar size except median clypeal tubercle

slightly reduced and pygidium more convex and apically rounded.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 6 males, 9 females.

ARGENTINA - Cordoba: Dique Los Molinos, I; Santa Maria, I.

BRAZIL - Bahia. Rio Grande do Sul: Caracol do Gramado, 850 m, I;

Santo Augusto, X; Sio Leopoldo. S&o Paulo: Mazcilac [sic], Tz,

URUGUAY - Salto: Tierras Coloradas, XII. :

Specimens are in: Berlin, London, Pittsburgh, SAo Paulo, Tucuman,

Howden.

REMARKS. It is not surprising that Klug thought the small female of

corinthius was distinct from the male. The female (Fig. 77) he described

under the name violaceus is the smallest specimen seen while the male type

4.0 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

of corinthius is one of the largest males seen. Fortunately enough additional

material has become available to indicate that the differences noted by Klug

can all be attributed to variation within one species. Hence the name

violaceus is placed in synonomy under corinthius which has page priority.

Since both the color and outer pronotal carina show considerable

variation, identification is best done by using the key and checking the

characters of the male genitalia. The species is most likely to be confused

with lanei, but the latter has a more northern range and the lateral margin

of the pronotum is indented below the fovea.

24. Neoathyreus tridentatus (Macleay)

Figures 80-82, Map 5

Athyreus tridentatus Macleay, 1819, p. 124; Laporte, 1840, p. 102; Klug,

1848, p. 26.

Athyreus bicolor Laporte, 1840, p. 103; Klug, 1843, p. 30; Westwood, 1851,

p. 464; Boucomont, 1911, p. 346.

TYPE. tridentatus Macleay, locality listed as '"Brazil''; location of

type uncertain, possibly in Macleay collection in Sydney.

TYPE. bicolor Laporte, location uncertain, according to Westwood

(1851, p. 464) type is in Oxford (Hope coll.); if so, it is not labeled.

MALES. Length10.9 to14.1mm, greatest width 6.8 to 7.9 mm.

Dorsally tan (teneral), light brown or (usual condition) dark brown with

lateral thirds of pronotum light brown or reddish brown. Clypeus trituber-

culate, median clypeal tubercle two or more times height of lateral tubercles,

anterior in position, face of median tubercle rising almost vertically (in

large males) above anterior clypeal edge; oblique clypeal carina on each side

distinct at base of median horn, becoming less pronounced on each side near

anterior, lateral clypeal angle; posterior clypeal carina distinct between

tubercles. Vertex flat or very feebly concave near midline, surface evenly

granulate. Pronotum (Fig. 80) with fossa on each side behind eye small,

diameter approximately equal to width of adjacent anterior marginal bead;

anterior pronotal margin at midline with acute, laterally compressed

tubercle, maximum height of tubercle in large males about 0.6 to 0.7 mm.

Pronotum posterior to anterior marginal tubercle abruptly, deeply concave,

concavity extending posteriorly for approximately 2.5 to 3.0 mm; midway of

length, sides of concavity tumid, abruptly limiting deeper portion to area

along midline; concavity posteriorly limited by transverse smooth area.

Inner pronotal carina on each side of concavity with feeble, very broadly

oblique raised angle near middle above tumid area, or carina sinuate at

middle (small males); posterior portion of carina strongly curved toward

midline and partly enclosing smooth, transverse end of concavity; carina

ending at approximately equal distance from midline or from adjacent

posterior pronotal margin. Outer pronotal carina on each side varying from

0.5 to1l.3 mm in length, straight or feebly arcuate, positioned almost mid-

way between inner carina and emarginate area of margin just before poster-

ior angle; lateral pronotal fovea shallow, with brief, feeble carina adjacent

to anterior edge and no longer than fovea, carina only rarely completely

absent; lateral pronotal margin below fovea not indented, marginal bead

complete. Elytron with two or three faintly indicated striae; surface closely

punctate-setose, or rugose. Most elytral surface relatively dull to feebly

shining. Metasternum between middle coxae flat, anterior edge obliquely

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 41

angled, angle pointed; surface with evenly spaced shallow setose punctures.

Fore tibia with four (as described by Macleay, 1819) or five teeth on outer

margin, one specimen with four teeth on one side, five on other. Genitalia

as in figs. 81, 82.

FEMALES. Length11.0to15.1mm, greatest width 7.2 to 8.2 mm.

Similar to males except in the following respects: median clypeal tubercle

only slightly higher than lateral tubercles; all clypeal carinae strongly ‘

developed; anterior portion of pronotal concavity slightly shallower and less

abrupt than in males of similar size.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 81 males, 128 females.

ARGENTINA - Misiones: near San Ignacio.

BRAZIL - 100, no data. Bahia. Espirito Santo. Goias: Monjolinho,

XI. Minas Gerais: V. Monte Verde, II, XII. Parana: Curitiba, IV. Rio

Grande do Sul: Col. Santa Cruz. Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, II, [Xs

Guanabara, X, XI; Petrdépolis. Santa Catharina: Catma, II; Nova Teuténia,

2791 1'S, 52023'W,. IIL, 1V,:TX, XI; Rio Natal, IV, 1X; Rio Vermelho, IIL.

Sao Paulo: Cerqueira César; Cip6, XII; Ribeirfio Pires; SAo Paulo, XI.

Specimens are in Berlin, Brussels, Cambridge, Dresden, Eberswalde,

Geneva, London, Munich, New York, Oxford, Paris, Pittsburgh, Sao Paulo,

Tucumaén, Washington, Howden.

REMARKS. There has been some confusion concerning the application

of the name tridentatus Macleay. In Macleay's description (1819) four

pertinent points are mentioned: color brown, pronotum with anterior median

acute tubercle and with two lateral oblique angles (inner carina ?), fore tibia

with four teeth (in observations under description) and locality Brazil. While

Some specimens of tridentatus as defined herein have a minute basal fifth

tooth on the fore tibia, many well developed males have only four teeth, may

be almost uniform brown, and have a very distinct acute median tubercle on

the anterior pronotal margin. It is the only species that is known to occur

in Brazil that coincides with Macleay's description. In 1851 Westwood

figured Laporte's species, bicolor, and there is little doubt that it is the

same as tridentatus. In 1911 Boucomont suggested the above synonomy and

many of the older specimens of tridentatus in European collections have been

correctly identified.

Most of the major variation noted has been incorporated in the descrip-

tion. Approximately two-thirds of the specimens seen have the pronotum

bicolored. The color along with the acute tubercle on the anterior pronotal

margin at the midline, the shape of the pronotal carinae and concavity should

distinguish well-developed specimens from other South American species of

Neoathyreus. The faint, short carina frequently present just anterior to the

lateral pronotal fovea is also a useful character.

Small, uniformly colored specimens may be confused with some

lanuginosus but the clypeal characters and those of the lateral margins of

the pronotum should separate the two. However the male genitalia (if

available) is the most useful character for identification in minor specimens.

42 Contrib. Amer,.: Eat. Inst.) voloi2h, no. 4, 1985

25. Neoathyreus politus n. sp.

Figures 83-85, Map 5

HOLOTYPE. Male, length13.6 mm, greatest width 7.8 mm. Dorsally

dark reddish brown with head and lateral sides of pronotum tan to reddish

brown. Clypeus with both oblique and posterior carinae strongly developed;

median tubercle with acute apex, anterior face rising almost vertically above

anterior clypeal edge; lateral tubercle on each side above antennal insertion

small, less than half height of median tubercle. Vertex slightly convex

laterally, flat medially between eyes, surface closely granular, each granule

with erect, long, tan seta at base. Pronotum (Fig. 83) with moderate sized

fossa on each side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye; fossa

two to three times as wide as adjacent bead; anterior pronotal margin

between fossae moderately elevated to midline; marginal bead at midline

contiguous with slightly elongate, conical tubercle with apex about 0.3 mm

posterior to margin. Inner pronotal carina on each side arising about 1.0

mm behind fossa, carina slightly elevated and feebly angulate near middle,

carina gradually converging posteriorly with opposite carina, posterior ends

separated by approximately 1.0 mm; each ending about 1.0 mm before

posterior pronotal margin; concavity deep, deepest portion flat, surface

smooth and polished, sides of concavity below angulation of each carina not

tumid, sides smooth, steep, feebly punctate near carinae. Outer carina only

present posteriorly, about 1.5 mm long, positioned slightly closer to lateral

margin adjacent to posterior angle than to inner carina. Lateral pronotal

margin below shallow fovea not indented, marginal bead not broken or reduced.

Elytron with four or five feebly defined striae on disc, elytral surface with

numerous coarse punctures, each with long, semi-erect, tan seta; surface

between punctures smooth, shining. Metasternum between middle coxae

feebly convex, anterior edge obtusely angulate, apex of angle sharp; surface

of metasternum with numerous fine punctures, each with minute anterior

granule and elongate, almost upright seta; metasternum partly obscured by

setae. Fore tibia with five distinct teeth and basally with suggestion of sixth

tooth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 84, 85.

FEMALE. Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Santo

Augusto, X.1966, O. Roppa (Pittsburgh).

PARATYPE: 1 male. 7

BRAZIL - Espfrito Santo [31°44'S 53002'W (?)].

Paratype is in: London.

REMARKS. Neoathyreus politus is most closely related to

tridentatus. It differs from that and other related species by its highly

polished pronotal concavity. In addition the five distinct teeth on the fore

tibia will separate politus from tridentatus which usually has only four

distinct teeth on the fore tibia.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 43

@= 24. tridentatus (Macleay) @= 27. lanei (Martinez)

O= 25. politus n. sp. O= 28. obscurus n. sp.

4=26. excavatus (Laporte) 4= 29. ornatusn. sp.

4S=30. caesariatus n. sp.

™=31. illotusn. sp.

O= 32. versicolor n. sp.

26. Neoathyreus excavatus (Laporte)

Figures 3-5, 86-88, Map 5

Athyreus excavatus Laporte, 1840, p. 103; Klug, 1843, p. 27; Westwood,

1851, p. 464; Bates, 1887, p. 110.

Neoathyreus quadridentatus Howden, 1964, p. 18; Howden, 1974, p. 567.

NEW SYNONYMY.

TYPE. excavatus Laporte, location uncertain. Possibly male with

green label "Athyreus excavatus de Laporte... [line illegible] Eien

juvencus Dej, Cayenne"; in Oxford. This is certainly not Laporte's label,

but the specimen matches the original description (has four teeth on fore

tibia), and according to Westwood, 1851, the type is in the Hope collection.

TYPE. quadridentatus Howden, labeled "Lake Catemaco, Veracruz,

Mexico, 8-16. VIII.1960, H. F. Howden; CNC No. 843 1"; in Ottawa.

MALES. Length 9.5 to14.1mm, greatest width 6.4 to 8.5 mm.

Dorsally tan to brown relatively uniform in color. Clypeus trituberculate,

median tubercle best developed, higher and anterior to poorly developed

lateral tubercles; oblique carina present on each side of median tubercle,

44 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

occasionally indistinct near anterior base of tubercle; posterior carina

extending between tubercles strongly developed. Vertex flat to very feebly

concave, evenly granulate or rugose. Pronotum (Fig. 86) with fossa on each

side behind eye deep, diameter between one and two times width of adjacent

anterior marginal bead, anterior pronotal margin with small, conical

tubercle at midline, pronotum posterior to anterior margin relatively evenly,

shallowly concave, concavity deepest along feebly indented midline, sides

delimited by arcuate inner carina and posteriorly by impunctate, transverse

smooth area. Inner carina relatively narrow, arcuately convergent with

opposite carina to posterior third of pronotum, then nearly parallel, ending

0.4 to 0.6 mm anterior to posterior margin. Outer carina approximately

1.5 to 2.0 mm long, positioned midway between inner carina and inwardly

arcuate pronotal margin at posterior angle. Lateral pronotal fovea on each

side moderately deep, lateral margin below with marginal bead broken.

Pronotal surface, except for carina and transverse smooth area at posterior

of concavity, evenly granulate, similar to vertex. Elytron with four or five

very feebly indicated striae, surface relatively uniformly granular, setose.

Metasternum between middle coxae feebly convex, surface closely, shallowly

punctate-setose, anterior edge of metasternum very broadly, obtusely angled,

margin rounded except for small, sharp point at midline; midline feebly

indented. Fore tibia with four teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs.

oy ae 7

FEMALES. Length10.3 to14.5 mm, greatest width 6.4 to 8.8 mm.

Similar to male, differing slightly in similar sized (male vs. female) speci-

ments by a slight reduction in height of posterior clypeal carina; pronotal

concavity slightly less concave; inner pronotal carina occasionally lower or

narrower.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 40 males, 48 females.

BRAZIL - Roraima: Surumu, IX.

COLOMBIA - 3, no other data. Antioquia: Valle de Medellin, X.

Bogota. Magdalena: Rio Frio, VII. Santander: Bucaramanga, IV; N. de

Santander, Santiago, 700m. V. Valle del Cauca, Cali, I.

FRENCH GUIANA - Cayenne. Gourdonville. Maroni. Nouveau

Chantier, VII. Passoura, Riv. de Kourou.

GUYANA (British Guiana) - Blairmont. Kartabo, VI. Rupununi, VI.

SURINAM - Kabo, VI. Paramaribo, IV, V, VIII, X. Saramacca,

Coebiti Exp. Farm, in soil at depth of 0.8 meter.

TRINIDAD - Port of Spain.

VENEZUELA - Aragua: El Limon, 450m, V, VI, X; Maracay, 450 m,

VI, XI. Bolivar, XI. Carabobo: Las Trincheras, VI; Tacarigua, VI;

Valencia, IV. Caracas. Falcon: San Luis, XI. Gudrico: Calabozo, V, VI.

Lara: El Cuji, VI; Iribarren, VIII. Monagas: Uverito, 50m, VI, X.

Zulia: Maracaibo, X, XI.

Specimens are in: Brussels, Chicago, Leiden, London, Maracay,

Oxford, Paris, Pittsburgh, Sado Paulo, Washington, Howden.

REMARKS. The name excavatus (Laporte) has been commonly mis-

applied for a number of years to the Brazilian species currently called

lanuginosus (Klug). The confusion has possibly stemmed partly from the

uncertainty over the identity of the type specimen of excavatus and partly

over the repair of one of Klug's cotypes of lanuginosus in which the apparently

lost head and pronotum was replaced by gluing on the head and pronotum

from a specimen of excavatus. Since specimens of Neoathyreus with five to

seven teeth on the fore tibia sometimes have the number vary by the addition

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus A5

or loss of a small basal tooth, the four teeth mentioned in the original

description by Laporte (1840) and illustrated by Westwood (1851) were

treated by many early workers such as Bates (1887) simply as varietal

variation. However the male genitalia of excavatus are distinct and the teeth

on the fore tibia do not exceed four in number (abraded specimens may seem

to have three).

The species excavatus, while related to a number of brown species

with similar non-angulate inner pronotal carinae and short, arcuate outer

carinae such as lanuginosus (Klug), can usually be distinguished by the

following combination of characters: clypeus with oblique carina on each

side extending to small median tubercle, tubercle anterior in position to

poorly developed lateral tubercles; vertex nearly flat, uniformly granulate;

anterior pronotal margin with small tubercles on midline ; pronotal

concavity shallow, relatively evenly concave; inner carina on each side low,

arcuate around concavity; lateral margin of pronotum below fovea indented,

marginal bead broken; elytron with most of surface granulate-setose; fore

tibia with four teeth on outer margin.

Neoathyreus excavatus ranges from Mexico (see quadridentatus Howden,

1964) to northern South America and along the Andes. I have not seen speci-

mens of excavatus with accurate data from central or southern Brazil,

Argentina, or Paraguay.

Little is known of the habits of excavatus. A few specimens have been

personally collected just at dusk flying to light and two specimens were dug

from shallow burrows. The burrows were found near Santiago in northeastern

Colombia where some road fill had been dug from a partly forested hillside.

The flat, disturbed area in which the two burrows were found was sparsely

covered with a foot high growth of forbs and grasses. The soil was heavy

with a high clay content and some humus.

A specimen from Colombia (in London) is labeled "Valle del Cauca,

Cali, 11.1.72, dug from 2 ft. burrows, Mitchner".

27. Neoathyreus lanei (Martinez)

Figures 89-91, Map 6

Athyreus lanei Martinez, 1952, p. 110; Howden 1964, De 6%.

TYPE. Male, labeled "Venezuela, D.F., Cerro del Naiguata, 720 m.

VII. 43, Rene Lichy-leg. '' in Martinez collection.

MALES. Length 7.6 to10.4 mm, greatest width 4.7 to 6.8 mm.

Dorsally uniformly very dark brownish-black to black. Clypeus tritubef-

culate; tubercles small, median tubercle anterior in position and slightly

higher than lateral tubercles; clypeus anteriorly with transverse carina,

oblique carinae lacking; posterior carina extending between tubercles well

developed. Vertex flat or nearly so, uniformly granulate-punctate. Prono-

tum (Fig. 89) with fossa on each side very small, shallow; anterior margin

medially with small tubercle; pronotum posterior to margin behind head

shallowly concave, concavity limited by inner carina on each side and

posteriorly by smooth, transverse area. Inner pronotal carina on each side

low, moderately wide, feebly arcuate, converging to top of concavity

delimited by smooth area, then parallel posteriorly to termination. Outer

pronotal carina 1.0 to1.3 mm long, arcuate, almost equidistant in position

between inner carina and inwardly arcuate lateral margin just before

posterior pronotal angle. Lateral fovea small with smooth groove extending

A6 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21;° no. 4, 1985

down to indented lateral margin; marginal bead absent in indentation. Elytron

with one to three striae vaguely indicated basally, elytral surface rough,

rugose punctate-setose, only humeral umbone smooth and shining. Meta-

sternum between middle coxae very slightly convex, anterior edge broadly

obtuse, angle prominent. Metasternal midline with fine indentation; meta-

sternal surface with widely separated, small, setose punctures. Fore tibia

with four teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 90, 91.

FEMALES. Length 7.9 to10.8 mm, greatest width 5.2 to 6.9 mm.

No consistent external differences are evident except that the pygidium is

more rounded apically than in males.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. 143 males, 22 females.

_ COLOMBIA -1, no other data. Bogot&é. Magdalena: Aracataca; Rio

Frio. Santander del Norte: La Playa, VI.

TRINIDAD - Arima Valley, 500 to1200 ft., I. Simla. Tacarigua,

ps Us

VENEZUELA ~-1, no other data. Carabobo: Las Trincheras, 900 m;

1000 m, V. Caracas. Cumanacoa. Los Canales. Tachira: Barrio El

Lobo, X. Yaracuy: Dist. Nirgua, Caserfo San Mateo, 900 m, VI.

Specimens are in: Berlin, Brussels, Cambridge, Dresden, London,

Maracay, New York, Paris, San Francisco, S&o Paulo, Washington, Arnaud,

Howden.

REMARKS. Neoathyreus lanei occurs from Trinidad across northern

Venezuela and Colombia to central Panama. Specimens from Venezuela

(type locality) have the finger-like apical lobe of the male genitalia stouter

and somewhat shorter than specimens from either Trinidad or Panama. In

addition Panamanian specimens have conspicuous erect setae on the elytra.

None of these few differences seem entirely consistent and I can only conclude

that the differences noted represent variation within one species.

The species, lanei, as defined here can be recognized by the following

combination of characters: black or very dark brownish-black color;

anterior transverse clypeal carina; small median tubercle on anterior prono-

tal margin; low, moderately wide, feebly arcuate inner pronotal carina

surrounding shallow concavity; outer pronotal carina arcuate, positioned

midway between inner carina and pronotal margin; lateral pronotal margin

indented and with marginal bead broken; elytra rugose-punctate; fore tibia

with four teeth on outer margin.

None of the related small, dark brown to black species such as

fossulatus have the indented lateral pronotal margin with the marginal bead

broken. If brown teneral specimens of lanei are found it will probably be

necessary to check the male genitalia for accurate determination.

Specimens in Trinidad were taken at a kitchen light, while a large

series was taken on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, in flight interception

traps. A single specimen was dug from a burrow in an unused clay road fill

area 3 km N. of Chin4cota, Colombia (see description of area under

lanuginosus). The available evidence indicates that the species is crepuscular.

28. Neoathyreus obscurus n. sp.

Figures 92-94, Map 6

HOLOTYPE. Male, length10.1mm, greatest width 6.1mm. Dorsally

brownish black with labrum, clypeus and most of lateral fourths of pronotum

reddish brown; area of pronotal foveae dark brown. Clypeus with anterior

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus AT

and posterior transverse carinae distinct; median tubercle moderately

developed, slightly higher and anterior in position to lateral tubercle on each

side. Vertex almost flat between eyes; surface granular, each granule with

long, erect, pale seta at base; midline of posterior half of vertex smooth,

slightly raised. Pronotum (Fig. 92) with small fossa on each side contiguous

with anterior marginal bead,approximately equal in width to width of adjacent

bead; pronotal margin between fossae moderately elevated to small, conical

tubercle at midline on posterior edge of marginal bead. Inner carina on each

side very slightly sinuate, almost straight and nearly uniform in thickness;

inner carina most widely separated from opposite carina anteriorly, carinae

gradually converging to posterior ends near posterior pronotal margin;

pronotal concavity between carinae shallow, surface granular except poster-

ior fourth smooth to within 1.2 mm of posterior pronotal margin, smooth

area forming band between inner carinae. Outer pronotal carina on each

side present only posteriorly, approximately 1.3 mm long with posterior

end briefly curved; outer carina closer in position to lateral pronotal margin

anterior to posterior angle than to inner carina. Pronotum laterally with

fovea distinct, slightly elongate, lacking any trace of carina near anterior

edge; pronotal margin below fovea feebly indented, marginal bead very

slightly reduced, not broken. Elytron lacking distinct striae on disc, surface

irregular, with numerous coarse granules, most with small setose puncture

at base; surface of elytron mostly shining. Metasternum between middle

coxae feebly convex, anterior edge broadly, obtusely angulate, apex keeled;

surface of metasternum with numerous large, shallow setose punctures;

midline slightly elevated, impunctate. Fore tibia with four distinct teeth

on outer margin, basal fifth tooth indicated by feeble swelling (not considered

a tooth but indicative that a fifth tooth could be present in some specimens).

Genitalia as in figs. 93, 94.

ALLOTYPE. Female, length 9.8 mm, greatest width 6.4 mm.

Dorsally very dark brown with only narrow band along lateral edges of

pronotum light reddish brown. Similar to holotype except as follows:

- median clypeal tubercle lower, approximately equal in height to lateral

tubercles; pronotum laterally below fovea slightly indented, marginal bead

briefly broken; fore tibia with basal fifth tooth very feebly indicated; pygidium

with apex more broadly rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Brazil, Etat de Goyas, Jatahy,

Ch. Pujol 1895-96 (Paris). Allotype, female, Brazil, Goyas, Rio Verde,

Coll. C. Felsche, Kaul 20, 1918 (Dresden).

PARATYPES: 1 male, 1female. 1, same data as allotype.

BRAZIL -1, Mato Grosso: Gleba Arinos, 350 m, 7.XI.1967, leg.

Viehmann.

Paratypes are in: Dresden, Howden.

REMARKS. This species has no uniquely distinctive single feature

with the possible exception of the male genitalia. The one female paratype

is 9.1 mm long but otherwise is similar to the allotype. The male paratype

has a small basal fifth tooth on the fore tibia, but does not differ in other

characters. Neoathyreus obscurus appears to be most closely related to

lanei from which it differs in color, in having the pronotal marginal bead

unbroken to briefly interrupted below the fovea and in slight differences in

the clypeal and pronotal carinae. If uniformly dark obscurus occur (I

suspect they may), examination of the male genitalia may be necessary to

separate obscurus from lanei. In most specimens of lanei the lateral

pronotal marginal indentation below the fovea is much more pronounced than

in obscurus. Specimens of obscurus with a fifth tooth on the fore tibia will

48 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

key to inermis, but that species has seven or more teeth on the fore tibia and

the male genitalia is very different.

29. Neoathyreus ornatus n. sp.

Figures 95-97, Map 6

HOLOTYPE. Male, lengthi3.1mm, greatest width 7.4mm. Dorsally

light reddish-brown. Clypeus lacking any vestige of anterior carina, only

posterior carina present, moderately developed; median tubercle over twice

height of lateral tubercle, positioned near longitudinal center of clypeus;

lateral tubercle on each side above antennal insertion feebly developed.

Vertex with carina on each side at inside margin of eye, extending posteriorly

about 0.3 mm, uniform in height with abruptly declivous, rounded end;

vertex between carinae very shallowly concave, surface granulate-punctate,

most punctures each with short, fine, pale seta. Antennal club atypical for

genus, strongly oval; terminal segment with length to width ratio of 4.5:4.

Pronotum (Fig. 95) with small fossa on each side adjacent to anterior

margin behind eye; fossa two to three times width of adjacent marginal bead;

pronotal margin between fossae feebly elevated to midline, small conical

tubercle present at midline at posterior edge of marginal bead. Inner

pronotal carina on each side proportionately unusually long for genus,

extending from approximately 0.4 mm behind anterior fossa to 0.1 mm from

edge of posterior marginal bead; carina stout, with vague inward angulation

or sinuation near middle; carina gradually converging toward opposite carina,

posterior ends separated by approximately 1.2 mms; concavity between

unusually elongate, deepest near middle of pronotum; surface irregularly

eranulate to punctate, seta minute; midline shallowly impressed in posterior

fourth. Outer pronotal carina on each side in two parts, short, narrow

portion present just anterior to shallow lateral fovea; posterior section

approximately 1.8 mm long and about 0.3 mm wide at widest point; posterior

portion of carina positioned midway between inner carina and lateral pronotal

margin just anterior to posterior angle. Lateral pronotal margin below

shallow lateral fovea minutely indented, bead slightly reduced but not broken.

Elytron with five or six striae represented by irregular rows of minute

punctures; intervals with a few scattered punctures, much of surface lacking

eranules or punctures, slightly roughened, alutaceous; disc with only minute

setae, longer, semi-erect setae present posteriorly and laterally. Meta-

sternum between middle coxae feebly convex, anterior edge obtusely angulate,

apex of angulation blunt; surface of metasternum with very small, scattered

punctures, each with moderately long, fine seta. Fore tibia with four very

broad, short teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 96, 97.

FEMALE. Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Peru, Callao, Walker; G.C.

Champion coll., B.M. 1927-409 (London). Paratype, male, Peru, Callao,

12 Jan. 19 (Howden).

REMARKS. The single male paratype is smaller than the holotype,

measuring 11.2 mm in length and 6.5 mm in greatest width. Dorsal color

is reddish brown. The median clypeal tubercle is reduced in height, a

function of smaller size. The lateral pronotal margin below the lateral

fovea is slightly more indented in the paratype and the anterior portion of

the outer carina is greatly reduced in development. The paratype also has

a very feebly developed obtuse swelling at the base of the outer margin of the

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus A9

fore tibia, the swelling indicating that a fifth tooth might occasionally be

evident if more specimens are found.

Neoathyreus ornatus is one of the more unusual species in the genus.

It has a number of unusual characters and the combination of the oddly oval

antennal club, lack of an anterior clypeal carina, very elongate pronotal

concavity, and inconspicuous dorsal seta, readily identify the species. The

west coast locality in Peru is also unusual. I have trouble relating this

species based on synapomorphies, but it is perhaps closest to acutus.

30. Neoathyreus caesariatus n. sp.

Figures 98-100, Map 6

HOLOTYPE. Male, length16.0 mm, greatest width 9.3 mm. Dorsally

brown to dark brown. Clypeus with anterior oblique carina on each side

feebly developed, posterior transverse carina strongly developed; median

tubercle prominent but with sides not abruptly elevated above transverse

carina; anterior face of median tubercle amost vertical, slightly posteriorly

inclined near base; lateral clypeal tubercle on each side not prominent,

obtusely angled. Vertex moderately convex, evenly, closely granulate, each

granule with erect tan seta at base. Pronotum (Fig. 98) with small fossa on

each side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye, fossa equal in

width to width of adjacent bead; pronotal margin between fossae elevated to

feeble, rounded tubercle on marginal bead at midline, bead punctate on

either side of tubercle. Inner pronotal carina on each side arising approx-

imately 1.0 mm behind fossa, carina slender, feebly elevated, flared

slightly outwardly to abrupt inward projection extending as broad, flattened

area to midline, posterior edge of carina at inward bend approximately 0.6

mm from posterior pronotal margin; flattened posterior band of carina

narrowed at midline but not interrupted. Pronotal concavity with small, deep

oval concavity just posterior to anterior pronotal margin; anterior end of

inner carina on each side arising near transverse mid-point of concavity;

midline posterior to oval concavity moderately depressed, surface on each

side sloping gradually upward to inner carina on each side. Outer pronotal

carina on each side atypical for genus, anterior section feebly represented

by fine, tenuous ridge 0.4 mm long just anterior to lateral fovea; posterior

portion of outer carina more pronounced, posterior end fusing with inner

carina at abrupt inward bend, thus appearing as lateral branch of posterior

part of inner carina. Pronotum laterally with shallow fovea, lateral margin

below fovea not indented, bead complete. Elytron with one or two striae

vaguely indicated, disc of elytron irregularly granulate to rugose, each

depression (irregular puncture) with semi-erect seta. Metasternum between

middle coxae almost flat, midline indicated by faint groove, anterior edge

obtusely angulate, apex of angle at midline with small keel; surface of meta-

sternum with scattered shallow punctures, each with erect, fine seta. Fore

tibia with four teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 99, 100.

ALLOTYPE. Female, lengthi1.5 mm, greatest width 6.8 mm.

Dorsally brownish-black. Similar to holotype except as follows: clypeus

with both oblique and posterior transverse carinae equally, strongly deve-

loped; median and lateral clypeal tubercles greatly reduced in height, median

tubercle positioned near mid-point of clypeus; pronotal concavity reduced in

area, deepest at midline with sloping sides, more elongate in shape; inner

and posterior sections of outer carinae slightly wider; elytron with six

50 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

distinct striae between suture and humeral umbone, intervals mostly

impunctate, shining; elytral striae irregularly punctate; pygidium with

broader, more rounded apex.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, [Brazil], Para (Howden).

Allotype, female, SHo Paulo, Theophilo Ottoni, A. Richter Leg., 1930 (Sdo

Paulo).

PARATYPES: 4 males, 9 females.

BRAZIL - 11, no other data; 1, Rio, 10-44 on green circular label; 1,

Rio Jan.

Paratypes are in: Berlin, Brussels, London, Oxford, Paris, Howden.

REMARKS. The holotype and allotype represent the approximate

extremes in size and development. Several teneral specimens are light tan

in color while a few worn (= old?) specimens are mostly black dorsally. The

holotype is missing one antennal club and parts of all tarsi. It was selected

as it was the only major male with any data other than "Brazil" that I have

available. The same is true of the allotype.

The species is easily recognized by the odd fusion of the posterior end

of each outer carina with the adjacent portion of the inner carina. This

character will easily separate caesariatus from the closely related

tridentatus and politus.

31. Neoathyreus illotus n. sp.

Figures 101-103, Map 6

HOLOTYPE. Male, length 8.8 mm, greatest width 5.5mm. Dorsally

very dark reddish brown. Clypeus with anterior oblique carina indistinct

except near anterior angles; posterior transverse carina distinct, low;

median tubercle small, poorly developed, slightly lower than lateral tubercle

on each side. Vertex slightly tumid between eyes, surface closely, coarsely

punctate except less so on median tumid area; many punctures with small

granule at anterior edge; each puncture with fine, erect, tan seta. Pronotum

(Fig. 101) anteriorly with small fossa on each side contiguous with anterior

marginal bead; width of fossa approximately equal to width of adjacent bead;

anterior pronotal margin between fossae gradually elevated to midline,

marginal bead at midline briefly thickened but distinct tubercle lacking.

Inner pronotal carina stout, most widely separated from midline anteriorly,

approaching midline and becoming parallel posteriorly; pronotal concavity

shallow, deepest in anterior fourth of pronotum; concavity between anterior

portions of inner carinae with wide, smooth impunctate transverse band

merging with carinae, concavity anterior to band granulate or rugose;

posterior to band pronotum depressed between inner carinae with midline

forming smooth indentation to posterior margin. Pronotum with outer carina

on each side divided into two sections; anterior section slender, at right

angles to lateral margin, extending from 0.1mm above margin inwardly just

anterior to fovea for approximately 1.5 mm; posterior section of carina

three to four times width of anterior section and of almost equal length;

posterior section positioned midway between inner carina and lateral margin

just anterior to posterior pronotal angle. Pronotum laterally with oval

fovea, margin below fovea slightly inwardly arcuate, marginal bead complete,

not reduced. Elytron with two or three vague striae, surface of disc closely,

coarsely punctate, each puncture with slender, erect or semi-erect seta;

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus ol

surface between punctures shining. Metasternum between middle coxae

almost flat with slightly raised midline, anterior edge obtusely angulate with

angle at midline with small, acutely pointed tubercle; surface of metasternum

with scattered, shallow punctures, each puncture with long, fine seta. Fore

tibia with four teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 102, 108.

ALLOTYPE. Female, length 8.7 mm, greatest width 5.7 mm.

Similar to holotype except as follows: clypeal tubercles reduced in size and

height, median tubercle slightly higher than either lateral tubercle; anterior

portion of outer carina shortened, approximately 0.7 mm in length, anterior

in position to lateral fovea; apex of pygidium more rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Guyana, Bartica, 30. VIII.1973,

K. Neil (Howden). Allotype, female, Guyane frangaise, collect. C. Bar.

(Paris).

PARATYPES: 3 males, 3 females. 2, same data as allotype.

BRAZIL -1, Amazonas, Manaus, 1.III.1978, B.C. Ratcliffe.

FRENCH GUIANA - 2, Cayenne;1, Cayenne, La Chaumiére, IV. 1979,

P. Arnaud. ,

Paratypes are in: London, Paris, Howden.

REMARKS. In the type series the holotype is the largest specimen and

the smallest is a male measuring 7.5 mm in length and 5.1 mm in greatest

width. Variation in the series is slight, the major differences being those

noted between the holotype and allotype. The smallest specimen has the

pronotal concavity shallower than in larger specimens, a type of size-related

vaviation common throughout the genus. Neoathyreus illotus is most closely

related to the anthracinus-latidorsalis group of species but differs from these

by lacking a tubercle on the midline of the anterior pronotal margin. Based

entirely on external characters illotus is most likely to be confused with lanei

but differs from that species by not having the lateral pronotal margin sharply

indented and the bead broken. The male genitalia of illotus are very different

from those of lanei.

32. Neoathyreus versicolor n. sp.

Figures 104-106, Map 6

HOLOTYPE. Male, length 8.4 mm, greatest width 5.0 mm. Color

dorsally mixed tan, brown and black; labrum, clypeus and vertex except

posterior edge tan, posterior edge and genae brownish-black or black;

pronotum with area surrounded by inner carinae, carinae and narrow contig-

uous band adjacent to carinae along with posterior pronotal marginal area

black; outer thirds of pronotum along with outer carinae tan; scutellum black;

elytron with umbone tan, remainder of surface moderately uniform brown.

Clypeus with very feebly indicated oblique carina, posterior transverse

carina evident but poorly developed; median and lateral tubercles very small,

median tubercle slightly higher than lateral tubercle on each side. Vertex

flat between eyes, surface closely, coarsely punctate, each puncture with

long, erect, pale seta. Pronotum (Fig. 104) with small fossa on each side

contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye, fossa slightly wider than

adjacent bead; pronotal margin between fossae arcuately elevated to midline,

posterior edge of marginal bead at midline with minute conical tubercle.

Inner pronotal carina on each side low, widest anteriorly, gradually becoming

narrower posteriorly; inner carina separated from opposite carina anteriorly

by approximately 1.5 mm, then gradually converging posteriorly, posterior

52 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

ends separated by approximately 0.6 mm, inner carina very slightly sinuate

or curved. Pronotal concavity very shallow, indistinct, present only in

anterior half of pronotum between inner carinae; surface of concavity and

other pronotal surface, except for carinae and foveae, coarsely, closely

punctate, each puncture with erect tan seta. Outer pronotal carina on each

side arcuate, low, approximately 1.0 mm long; only present posteriorly,

positioned midway between inner carina and posterior pronotal margin just

anterior to posterior angle. Pronotum laterally with relatively deep oval

fovea, pronotal margin below fovea slightly indented, marginal bead complete,

not reduced. Elytron with four or five feebly impressed striae on disc,

surface of elytron coarsely, closely, irregularly punctate, each puncture

with erect dark brown seta, surface between punctures shining. Metasternum

between middle coxae feebly convex, anterior edge obtusely angled, apex of

angle at midline with small keel; surface of metasternum with scattered

shallow punctures each with elongate, semi-erect seta. Fore tibia with four

teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 105, 106.

FEMALE. Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Equateur, Loja, Abbé Gaujon

(Paris). :

REMARKS. This species is related to illotus but differs in color, lacks

the smooth, transverse band at the posterior edge of the pronotal concavity

and differs in the characters of the male genitalia. The small size and

variegated dorsal color will separate versicolor from other species of

Neoathyreus. It is possible that some specimens may be more uniformly

dark in color, but the other characters should still distinguish the species.

33. Neoathyreus martinezorum n. sp.

Figures 107-109, Map 7

HOLOTYPE. Male, length13.9 mm, greatest width9.2 mm. Dorsally

light brown. Clypeus with anterior oblique carina incomplete, absent near

midline; posterior transverse carina strongly developed, median tubercle

distinctly more elevated than small lateral tubercle on each side, median

tubercle only slightly anterior in position to transverse line between lateral

tubercles. Vertex flat to very slightly concave between eyes, surface with

numerous relatively small granules, each granule with erect, pale seta at

base. Pronotum (Fig. 107) with relatively large fossa on each side adjacent

to anterior marginal bead behind eye, fossa deep, with width three to four

times width of adjacent bead; anterior margin between fossae elevated to

moderate-sized, conical tubercle at midline. Inner pronotal carina on each

side with anterior end beginning approximately 1.3 mm behind and outside of

fossa, carina rising almost vertically to acute, upright angle above line of

lateral foveae, carina then abruptly reduced in height, curved inward to

posterior margin of concavity, then becoming parallel with midline to poster-

ior end 0.3 mm before posterior pronotal margin; inner carinae unusually

widely separated by approximately 5.1mm, carinae posterior to concavity

separated by approximately 2.0 mm; concavity wide and shallow, deepest

medially about 1.1mm behind anterior median pronotal tubercle; surface of

concavity with numerous small granules, each with fine seta at base; mid-

line and wide transverse band at posterior edge of concavity smooth, opaque.

Outer pronotal carina on each side approximately 2.0 mm long, feebly

arcuate, only posterior portion present, positioned midway between inner

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 53

carina and adjacent, inwardly arcuate pronotal margin just anterior to

posterior angle. Pronotum laterally with deep, elongate fovea, elongate

eroove perpendicular to strongly indented lateral margin, marginal bead

absent in indentation. Elytron with two or three vague striae near base of

disc, surface of disc with numerous, moderate-sized punctures, each with

erect or semi-erect dark brown or black seta; surface between punctures _

shining. Metasternum between middle coxae feebly convex, primarily along

midline; anterior edge of metasternum obtusely angulate, angle at midline

with small keel; surface of metasternum with numerous shallow punctures,

each with anterior granule and central, erect pale seta. Fore tibia with six

teeth on outer margin, basal tooth minute. Genitalia as in figs. 108, 109.

ALLOTYPE. Female, length13.7 mm, greatest width 9.8 mm.

Similar to holotype except as follows: anterior clypeal carina less oblique,

joined across midline by faint arcuate ridge to opposite side, thus carina

might be considered as transverse; posterior transverse clypeal carina and

median tubercle lower but otherwise similar; pronotum with lateral marginal

indentation slightly shallower; apex of pygidium more rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Argentina, Jujuy, Yuto, 19.1.

1965, L. Stange (Tucum4n). Allotype, female, Argentina, Jujuy, 6 km W.

Yuto, INTA, 13-14.1I.1982, H. & A. Howden (Howden).

PARATYPES: 1 male, same data as allotype.

BOLIVIA -1female, Dp. Santa Cruz: Pica Cordillera, Tararenda,

XII.1960, Martinez.

Paratypes are in: Howden.

REMARKS. Other specimens of this species are in the Martinez

collection. Unfortunately the specimens were seen before the study was

started and I have not been able to re-examine them.

The two paratypes do not vary significantly from the description of the

type of the same sex. The large size, unusually wide (5.0 mm), shallow

pronotal concavity, and the anteriorly, vertically angulate inner carinae are

characters that usually will distinguish the species. The most closely related

species is probably lepidus but the pronotal carinae of the two species differ

radically.

The species is named in honor of Antonio and Juana Martinez, who

were wonderfully hospitable during our 1982 visit to Argentina and who were

with me at Yuto when I collected the species at light.

34. Neoathyreus latecavatus (Boucomont)

Figures 110-112, Map 7

Athyreus latecavatus Boucomont, 1932, p. 263.

TYPE. Female, labeled "Athyreus latecavatus sp. n.3; Sosomoco,

Ost. Columb.; typus [red label]; Museum Paris 1938 Coll. A. Boucomont"'s

in Paris.

MALES. Length13.2to15.5 mm, greatest width 7.0 to 7.8 mm.

Dorsally very dark brown. Clypeus with irregular anterior transverse

carina and strongly developed posterior carina, oblique carina absent;

median tubercle slightly anterior and slightly higher than lateral tubercle on

each side, clypeal face below posterior carina strongly declivous in large

males. Vertex between eyes flat to feebly convex, surface closely granulate,

bases of most granules each with erect tan seta. Pronotum (Fig. 110) with

moderate sized fossa on each side contiguous with anterior marginal bead

o4 ContribsAmer. Ents Insts, volwo2ty pows4, 1985

behind eye, fossa two to three times width of adjacent bead; pronotal margin

between fossae with small, rounded tubercle on midline. Inner pronotal

carina in large specimens arising approximately 0.8 to 0.9 mm behind fossa

on each side, carina not strongly elevated, slightly widened and vaguely

angulate near middle, first two thirds of carina nearly parallel with midline,

then curved inwardly to within 0.6 mm of midline, where carina becomes

nearly parallel with midline, ending approximately 0.5 or 0.6 mm before

posterior margin; in small males the carina is almost evenly convergent

towards the posterior and the carina is of uniform thickness and height;

pronotal concavity deepest anteriorly and along midline, concavity granulate

in anterior three-fourths, smooth in posterior fourth with posterior edge

between carinae sharply delimited. Outer carina on each side moderately

arcuate, approximately 1.5 mm long, positioned midway between inner

carina and inward arcuate margin of posterior pronotal angle; pronotal fovea

on each side elongate, extending toward margin, lateral margin below fovea

briefly indented, marginal bead interrupted. Elytron with three or four

striae briefly, feebly developed basally, disc regularly, closely granulate,

posterior base of each puncture with semi-erect tan seta. Metasternum

between middle coxae feebly convex, anterior edge at midline bluntly,

broadly, obtusely angled, midline anteriorly occasionally feebly indented;

metasternal surface with numerous shallow, coarse punctures, each with

long tan seta. Fore tibia with five teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in

fide. o014; 11.2,

FEMALES. Length 14.5 to15.2 mm, greatest width 8.6 to 9.0 mm.

Except for more convex and rounded pygidium, females seen did not differ

externally in any major way from large males.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 2 males, 4 females.

COLOMBIA - Rio Negro. Sosomoco (type). Villavicencio.

ECUADOR - Archidona. Macas.

Specimens are in: Paris, Berlin, Howden.

REMARKS. Specimens of latecavatus may be confused with large

specimens of lanuginosus but differ in the shape of the pronotal carinae,

which in latecavatus are not evenly arcuate; also mature specimens of

latecavatus are dark brown and the four examples seen all have five teeth on

the outer margin of the fore tibia.

35. Neoathyreus rufobrunneus n. sp.

Figures 113-115, Map 7

HOLOTYPE. Male, lengthi2.3 mm, greatest width 7.2 mm. Dorsally

dark reddish brown. Clypeus with anterior transverse carina evident only

near anterior lateral angles; posterior transverse carina strongly developed;

median tubercle moderately developed, slightly higher and more anterior in

position than lateral tubercle on each side. Vertex almost flat between eyes,

surface coarsely, closely granulate; most granules each with long, tan seta

arising from base. Pronotum (Fig. 113) anteriorly with small fossa on each

side adjacent to anterior marginal bead behind eye; width of fossa approxi-

mately equal to width of adjacent bead; anterior pronotal margin between

fossae feebly elevated to midline, midline with very small tubercle on bead.

Inner carina on each side with feeble, inwardly directed, obtuse angulation

near middle, carina slightly thicker posterior to angulation; carina arcuate

at posterior end of concavity, then nearly straight to termination 0.5 mm

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus a0

anterior to posterior pronotal margin. Pronotal concavity longer than wide,

deepest near anterior end at midline, then gradually reduced in depth to

posterior end; surface of concavity granulate-punctate, most punctures each

with tan seta, midline and posterior edge of concavity almost impunctate,

smooth, opaque. Outer pronotal carina present only posteriorly, carina

thin, approximately 1.0 mm long, positioned midway between inner carina

and lateral pronotal margin just anterior to posterior angle. Lateral prono-

tal fovea on each side elongate, extending as groove to margin, margin

below fovea deeply indented, marginal bead absent in indentation. Elytron

with several strial indentations near extreme base of disc, surface of disc

otherwise even and closely, irregularly punctate, giving rugose appearance;

punctures each with almost erect, tan seta. Metasternum between middle

coxae feebly convex, anterior edge obtusely angulate with angle at midline

with small, sharp, anteriorly directed tubercle; surface of metasternum with

evenly spaced, shallow punctures, each with erect, moderately long, pale

seta. Fore tibia with five teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 114,

Li.

ALLOTYPE. Female, lengthi2.1mm, greatest width 7.2 mm.

Dorsally brownish black. Similar to holotype except as follows: anterior

transverse clypeal carina more pronounced, absent in median third; median

clypeal tubercle slightly lower, inner pronotal carina slightly more strongly

angulate; pronotal concavity wider, with granulate-punctate area reduced;

pygidium with apex more broadly rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Peru, Tingo Maria, 19.IX.1960,

J. Schunke (Howden). Allotype, female, Ecuador, Mera, 25.1.1923, F.X.

Williams (London).

PARATYPES: 1 male, 2 females, 1, N. Grenada, (B.M.7#) 67.45,

and 27; 2, same data as allotype.

Paratypes are in: London, Howden.

REMARKS. The male paratype is the smallest specimen seen,

measuring 10.3 mm in length and 6.8 mm in greatest width. It also differs

in having the basal fifth tooth on the outer margin of the fore tibia obsolete.

Otherwise the variation noted is mainly sexual and is described under the

allotype. All three females have the pronotal concavity wider, particularly

posteriorly, than in the males.

Neoathyreus rufobrunneus is probably most closely related to

brazilensis, from which it differs mainly in having the sides of the pronotum

below the foveae indented and the marginal bead broken. Also the genitalia

of rufobrunneus is very distinctive.

36. Neoathyreus perryae n. sp.

Figures 116-119, Map 7

HOLOTYPE. Male, length 11.4 mm, greatest width 8.0 mm. Dorsally

light brown. Clypeus with oblique carina strongly developed except at anter-

ior base of median tubercle near midline, carina slightly irregular in median

area; posterior transverse clypeal carina strongly developed and elevated to

apex of median tubercle; median tubercle not isolated from carina, moder-

ately higher than lateral tubercle on each side; each lateral tubercle slightly

elevated above level of carina. Vertex between eyes feebly concave, surface

with small granules, most separated from adjacent granules by one or two

granule diameters. Pronotum (Fig. 116) with moderate sized fossa on each

side adjacent to anterior marginal bead behind eye; fossa approximately

56 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

three times as wide as width of adjacent bead; anterior pronotal margin

between fossae moderately elevated to small, conical tubercle at midline.

Inner pronotal carina on each side enclosing concavity approximately as wide

as head (measured from outer edge of genae) at widest point; carina not

varying greatly in height, sinuous, curving toward midline posteriorly,

paralleling midline posteriorly behind concavity; each inner carina 0.5 mm

from anterior end with carinate branch extending laterally to just anterior

of lateral fovea; laterally directed carina not sharply defined, sides of carina

irregularly punctate or granulate, carina becoming feeble to obsolete just

above and anterior to fovea, not extending to lateral margin. Pronotal

concavity broad, relatively evenly concave, midline impressed at bottom of

concavity and posteriorly, surface of concavity granulate or punctate, granu-

late area with minute setae; surface of posterior fourth of concavity smooth,

opaque. Outer carina present only posteriorly above and just anterior to

posterior pronotal margin, carina closer to inner carina than to margin;

outer carina unusually thickened and with wide impunctate area extending

inward to inner carina. Pronotum laterally with elongate fovea, lateral

margin below fovea moderately indented, marginal bead absent in indentation.

Elytron lacking striae on disc, surface of disc closely punctate, most punc-

tures separated from others by one to two diameters, most punctures each

with fine, semi-erect, pale seta, surface between punctures finely alutaceous.

Metasternum between middle coxae moderately convex, midline slightly

elevated, anterior edge obtusely angled, apex of angle slightly keeled; surface

of metasternum with numerous large, shallow punctures, each with long,

fine, semi-erect seta. Fore tibia with seven teeth on outer margin, basal

teeth small, acute. Genitalia as in figs. 118, 119.

ALLOTYPE. Female, lengthil.1mm, greatest width 6.9 mm.

Similar to holotype except as follows: anterior clypeal carina obsolete

medially; posterior clypeal carina and associated tubercles lower, less well

developed; width of pronotal concavity slightly less than width of head; inner

pronotal carina lacking lateral branch; outer carina not as thickened, posi-

tioned midway between inner carina and adjacent margin; area between inner

and outer carina punctate; elytral disc with several striae feebly indicated;

apex of pygidium very slightly, more broadly, rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Ecuador, Posorja, F. Campos R.

(Washington). Allotype, female, same data as holotype (Washington).

PARATYPES: 5 males, 4 females.

ECUADOR - 2, no other data; 2, same data as holotype; 2, Balao;1,

S.W. Ecuador, in garden, R. Wright Barker, B.M. 1935-559.

PERU -1, Ascope; 1 (pronotum only), fossil from Talara tar seeps,

about 14,000 years old, TOM #74D4.

Paratypes are in: Dresden, London, Paris, Toronto, Washington,

Howden.

REMARKS. The largest specimen in the type series, a male, measures

13.2 mm in length and 8.5 mm in greatest width; the smallest specimen, a

female, measures 9.4 mm jin length and 6.8 mm in greatest width. The most

interesting variation noted in the series is the absence of the lateral branch

of the inner pronotal carina in females and in one small male. In other

species having a lateral branch there is little variation in the character

regardless of sex or size. In several males of perryae the smooth, non-

eranulate band between the inner and outer carinae is reduced or absent.

Dorsal color also varies from tan to very dark brown. Other differences are

mentioned under the description of the allotype.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 57

Neoathyreus perryae is probably most closely related to lanuginosus.

It can be distinguished from that species by the shape of the wide, shallow

pronotal concavity and the pronotal carinae.

The fossil pronotum (Fig. 117) from the Talara tar seeps of Peru

matches almost exactly the pronotum of the male from S.W. Ecuador. The

site of the tar seeps on the coast of Peru has been described by Churcher

(1966), but since extant specimens are recorded both to the north and south

of Talara on the western side of the Andes, no inferences can be made on

any major range shifts or habitat changes.

The species is named in honor of Mrs. Betty Perry in recognition and

appreciation of the many years that she has assisted me with the typing and

preparation of manuscripts.

@=33. martinezorum n. sp. @= 37. lanuginosus (Klug)

O= 34. latecavatus (Boucomont) O= 88. lyriferus Howden & Gill

4=35. rufobrunneus n. sp.

A= 36. perryae n. sp.

58 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

37. Neoathyreus lanuginosus (Klug)

Figures 2, 6, 120-122, Map 8

Athyreus lanuginosus Klug, 1843, p. 28; Harold, 1880, p. 45; Bates, 1887,

p. 110.

Lectotype here designated. Female, labeled 'Nov. Valencia, Moritz

[green label]; Klug*; Typus [red label]''; and my lectotype labels; in Berlin.

The second specimen from "Nov. Val. Mor. Bahia" mentioned by

Klug is now imperfect. Klug clearly states ''six teeth on the fore tibia", but

the head and pronotum are those of excavatus Laporte with four teeth on the

fore tibia, while the remainder of the (glued together) specimen is a male

which is conspecific with the female designated as lectotype.

MALES. Length 8.7 to13.2 mm, greatest width 5.8 to 8.2 mm.

Dorsally uniform light tan to brown. Clypeus lacking oblique carina, with

anterior transverse carina interrupted or irregular at midline; posterior

carina pronounced, median tubercle merely raised, thickened median portion

of obtusely angled carina; lateral tubercles on each side poorly developed,

lower than median tubercle. Vertex almost flat, very slightly, broadly

concave between eyes, surface moderately granulate, sometimes less so

near center of vertex. Pronotum (Fig. 120) with moderate sized fossa on

each side behind eye, fossa contiguous with marginal bead and three to four

times wider than bead; anterior pronotal marginal bead between fossae

feebly widened and with small upright tubercle present at midline on poster-

ior edge of bead. Inner pronotal carina on each side arising approximately

0.5 to 0.7 mm posterior to fossa, carina anteriorly separated from opposite

carina by 4 mm or less (related to size of beetle), gradually converging

toward opposite carina posteriorly, at posterior end of concavity being

separated by 1 to1.5 mm; carina not varying greatly in height or thickness,

feebly arcuate anteriorly, nearly straight or feebly sinuous toward posterior,

becoming nearly parallel with midline posterior to concavity, terminating

approximately 0.5 mm from posterior pronotal margin. Pronotal concavity

elongate, deepest medially, midline impressed or flattened, anterior two-

thirds of concavity granulate, midline and posterior one-third largely smooth,

smooth area reduced in small specimens. Outer pronotal carina present

only near posterior pronotal angle, carina moderately to well developed,

feebly arcuate, approximately 1.2 to1.5 mm long, positioned slightly closer

to pronotal margin than to inner carina, outer carina nearly parallel with

adjacent inner carina. Lateral pronotal fovea narrow, frequently with

indentation extending toward lateral margin; margin below fovea briefly

indented except in some very small specimens, bead absent in indentation of

larger specimens. Elytron occasionally with two or three vague striae

indicated near basal margin, surface of disc uniformly closely granulate,

each granule with minute setose puncture at posterior base, setae tan, of

moderate length, inclined posteriorly. Mesosternum between middle coxae

feebly convex, midline usually faintly impressed, anterior margin at mid-

line sharply, broadly, obtusely angulate; mesosternal surface with well

separated moderate sized punctures, each with long, semi-erect setae and

frequently with minute granule at anterior edge of puncture. Fore tibia

usually with six teeth on fore tibia; basal sixth tooth often absent, particular-

ly in small or worn specimens, basal tooth rarely doubled so that fore tibia

may occasionally have seven teeth. Genital capsule with setose, right-angled

apex. Genitalia as in figs. 121, 122.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 59

FEMALES. Length 8.7 to12.7 mm, greatest width 5.6 to 8.1 mm.

Very similar to males; clypeal and pronotal carinae usually slightly less

developed in females when compared to males of similar size. Pygidium

distinctly more convex and apex more rounded than in male.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 141 males, 207 females.

ARGENTINA - Chaco: D'Icaiio, Col. Benitez; Roque Saenz Pewia.

Entre Rios. Formosa: Laguna Blanca, I. La Rioja. Misiones: Magdalena,

I. Salta: Gran Chaco; Rio Tapenaga, XII. Santa Fe: Chaco de Santa Fe,

Las Garzas; Rfo San Javier, Estancia la Nora, 13.XII.1911, 2.1.1912.

Santiago del Estero: Rfo Salado, XI, XII. TucumA4n: Concepcién; Tucuman.

BOLIVIA - Santa Cruz: Buena Vista; El Cidral, I; Santa Cruz, 500 m,

AI. Tarya:r Tara (i);

BRAZIL - 16, no other data. Alagoas: Sao Miguel dos Campos, IV.

Amapa: Calgoene, VII; Tartarugalzinho, III. Amazonas: AM 010, km 268,

IX; Rio Purus, Hyutanaha, II. Bahia: Lacerda; S. Antonio da Barra.

Ceara: Barbalha, ry: Maceid; Russas, Il. Espirito Santo: Timbuhy.

Goias: Jataf (= Jatahy); Viandpolis, XI. Mato Grosso: Chapada, IX; Cuiaba;

Guaicurus, XI; Lagoa Santa, I; Pirapao, III; Rio Araguaia, Santo Teresinha,

XI; Rio Verde, XI; Serra do Caraga, XII. Minas Gerais: Lambari, XI;

Monte Alegre, II; Passa-Quatro; Sete Lagoas. Para: Marco da Lagoa;

Quellgebiet d. Xingu, Culiseu; Santarém. Parana: Ponta Grossa, II.

Pernambuco: Periperi. Roraima: Mt. Roraima, XI. S&o Paulo: Cipd, XI;

Piracicaba, XII; Pirassununga, XI; San Miguel, I; Santo Amaro, III.

COLOMBIA - 2, no other data. Meta: Rio Guayuriba, XII. N. de

Santander: 3 km N. Chindcota, 1000 m, V.

ECUADOR - Loja.

FRENCH GUIANA - Cayenne. Mont de Kaw.

PARAGUAY - 2, no other data. Alto Parana, Cuidad Pdte Stroessner,

X-XI. Asuncion. Caaguazi: Col. Sudetia, I; Mandijo, I. Cerro Amambay.

Itapia: 20 mi. N.E. Encarnacion, XI, XII;10 km 8. Santa Marfa, X.

Primavera. Sapucay, XI. Villarrica.

PERU - Cerro Azul. Chanchamayo. Cuzco: Marcapata, Hacienda

Cadena; Santa Isabel, XI, XII. Loreto: Pucallpa, IV, VI. Paucartambo.

Pozuzo. Satipo, III]. Tingo Maria. Valle Chanchamayo, 800 m.

| VENEZUELA - 3, no other data. Arabop6, XII. Aragua: Maracay.

Bolivar: El Dorado, IX; Gran Sabana, Chirima, X; Canaracuni, II; D.F.:

Caracas, VI; El Valle, XI. Miranda: La Pefiita, V; San Antonio de los

Altos, 1350 m, XII. Tachira: Barrio El Lobo, IX; St. Elena. Yaracuy:

San Mateo, VI, VII; 800 m, X.

Specimens are in: Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Dresden, Eberswalde,

Geneva, Leiden, London, Maracay, Munich, New York, Oxford, Paris,

Pittsburgh, Sdo Paulo, Tucuman, Washington, Arnaud, Glaser, Howden.

REMARKS. While this species is one of the most common and wide

ranging species in the genus, most of the variation seen appears to be size

related rather than related to range. A large specimen may have a larger

and deeper pronotal concavity with a larger smooth area than is found in a

small specimen. Also carinae are better developed in large specimens and

their shapes may vary slightly. Despite this, major distinguishing characters

remain fairly constant and there appears to be little difference in the male

genitalia between specimens from Colombia and Argentina.

Most specimens personally collected have been taken at light shortly

after sunset. Specimens taken near Chinacota, Colombia, were found

burrowing in a wet, light-clay soil in an area dug out for road fill several

years previously judging from the weedy, rather dense ground cover. The

60 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

few burrows found had a small but typical "push-up", were vertical and

attained a depth of from 10to14 cm. No food or other matter was evident

in any of the burrows.

38. Neoathyreus lyriferus Howden and Gill

Figures 123-125, Map 8

Neoathyreus lyriferus Howden and Gill, 1984, p. 1637.

TYPE. Male, labeled ''Costa Rica, Punt., S. Vito, Las Cruces, Sept.-

Mar., 1982-83, B. Gill, F. [light]1.[ntercept] T. [rap], in H. & A. Howden

collection.

MALES. Length 12.3 to14.4 mm, greatest width 7.9 to 9.2 mm.

Dorsally uniformly dark brown to black. Clypeus with anterior transverse

carina, carina frequently poorly defined medially; posterior clypeal carina

distinct; median tubercle very slightly anterior in position and lower than

lateral tubercles, outer edges of lateral tubercles slightly convergent towards

apices. Vertex flat to feebly convex, surface rugose to granulate between

eyes, punctate posteriorly in some specimens. Pronotum (Fig. 123) with

very small fossa on each side adjacent to anterior marginal bead behind eye,

width of fossa equal to one to two times width of adjacent bead; pronotal

margin between fossae with small, rounded tubercle at midline. Inner pro-

notal carina on each side inwardly arcuate and raised to acute angle near

middle of pronotal length; apex of angle of carina separated by approximately

2.0 to 2.6 mm from angle of opposite carina; inner carina obsolete posterior

to angle. Concavity largely anterior to angles of inner carinae, concavity

moderately deep anteriorly with midline forming distinct groove; surface of

concavity rugose-punctate, most punctures each with erect tan seta. Outer

pronotal carina with anterior end positioned midway between angle of inner

carina and marginal indentation at posterior angle, carina not extending

anteriorly toward fovea beyond emargination of angle; posterior end of outer

carina fused with posterior end of inner carina, combined carinae forming

flattened, smooth, transverse band extending to indented midline, posterior

edge of carina on each side of midline obtusely angulate or abruptly rounded,

anterior edge anterior to angulation with small oval indentation; combined

carinae posteriorly lyre-shaped. Lateral pronotal fovea on each side moder-

ate in size, elongate, lacking carina at anterior edge; pronotal margin below

fovea briefly indented, marginal bead complete. Elytron basally with three

to five very feebly indicated striae; surface granulate-punctate, most punc-

tures each with tan or brown semi-erect seta. Metasternum between middle

coxae flat to feebly convex, midline slightly elevated on each side, occasion-

ally with fine median depressed line; anterior edge of metasternum at midline

sharply, obtusely angulate; metasternal surface with evenly spaced shallow

coarse punctures, most punctures each with long tan seta. Fore tibia usually

with six teeth on outer margin, occasionally minute seventh tooth present

basally. Genitalia as in figs. 124, 125.

FEMALES. Length11.9 to14.5 mm, greatest width 8.3 to9.3 mm.

Females similar to males except for usual pygidial differences: surface more

convex, apex more broadly rounded. The more pronounced lateral clypeal

tubercles with outer margins convergent anteriorly, often differs between

male and female in other species but this difference is not evident in lyriferus.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 3 males, 11 females.

ECUADOR - Santo Domingo, IV.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 61

Specimens are in: Glaser, Howden.

REMARKS. While the range of lyriferus appears to have a major

disjunction (the species is only known from Costa Rica and Ecuador) there

are only minor differences between the two populations. In my estimation

minor differences in the shape of the pronotal carinae, which vary even

within one population, do not warrant nomenclatural recognition.

Neoathyreus lyriferus belongs to a complex of species which includes

accinctus, n. sp., and boosi, n. sp. The characters useful in distinguishing

lyriferus Ss are given in the he key and comparisons are made following the

descriptions of the new species.

@®= 39. accinctus n. sp.

O=40. lepidus n. sp.

4=41. acutus n. sp.

4=42. braziiensis n. sp.

m= 43. inermisn. sp.

O=44. rufoventris n. sp.

62 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

39. Neoathyreus accinctus n. sp.

Figures 126-128, Map 9

HOLOTYPE. Male, length 14.0 mm, greatest width 8.1mm. Dorsally

dark brown. Clypeus lacking distinct anterior carina, area of carina de-

limited by irregular raised rugae; posterior transverse carina strongly

developed; median tubercle feebly developed, very slightly anterior to line of

lateral tubercles and lower; lateral tubercles pronounced, each with outer

edge slanted inward, making distance between apices of lateral tubercles

distinctly less than clypeal width. Vertex between eyes slightly convex near

eyes, medially feebly concave to flat; surface with distinct granules, mostly

separated by distance equal to diameter of two to three granules. Pronotum

(Fig. 126) with small fossa on each side adjacent to anterior marginal bead

behind eye, width of fossa equal to one to two times width of adjacent bead;

pronotal margin between fossae elevated to small, rounded tubercle at mid-

line. Inner pronotal carina on each side inwardly arcuate and raised to

acute angle near middle of pronotal length; apex of angle of carina separated

by approximately 1.5 mm from angle of opposite carina; inner carina

obsolete posterior to angle. Pronotal concavity situated largely anterior to

angles of inner carinae, concavity with sides concavely sloping to distinctly

grooved midline; surface of concavity with scattered, small punctures each

with erect tan seta. Outer pronotal carina with anterior end positioned

between angle of inner carina and incurved lateral margin just anterior to

posterior pronotal angle, carina anteriorly slightly closer to lateral margin

than to inner carina; carina posteriorly with outer edge inwardly arcuate,

about 0.3 mm from midline briefly curved anteriorly, then becoming trans-

verse to join opposite carina; at angle formed when anterior bend becomes

transverse, small, low, 0.5 mm long ridge projects anteriorly and laterally,

pronotal surface just before anterior end of ridge transversely depressed;

area between depression and acute angle of inner carina smooth with widely

scattered, small punctures. Lateral pronotal fovea shallow, oval; pronotal

margin below fovea slightly indented, marginal bead complete. Elytron

lacking distinct striae on disc, surface somewhat roughened with scattered

small punctures, each with semi-erect seta, surface feebly shining. Meta-

sternum between middle coxae almost flat with slightly elevated midline,

anterior edge obtusely angled, apex of angle at midline with sharp, anteriorly

directed tubercle; surface of metasternum with scattered, small, shallow

punctures, each with long, fine seta. Fore tibia with five teeth on outer

margin. Genitalia as in figs. 127, 128.

ALLOTYPE. Female, length 15.5 mm, greatest width 8.8 mm.

Similar to holotype except as follows: median clypeal tubercle slightly larger

and lateral tubercles very slightly more widely separated; inner pronotal

angles separated by 1.8 mm; outer pronotal carina on each side of midline

more elevated (a function of size); apex of pygidium more rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Colombia, Manizales, A.M.

Patino (Paris). Allotype, female, same data as holotype (Paris).

PARATYPES: 6 males, 7 females.

COLOMBIA - 3, same data as holotype. Antioquia: Valle de Medellfn,

X.1941, F.L. Gallego. Cali. Choc6d: Wallis. Colina Valley, nr.

Buenaventura, VII.1984. Popayan, 1.VI.1938. S. Antonio. S. America,

Caucathal [sic].

Paratypes are in: Berlin, Paris, Washington, Boos, Howden.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 63

REMARKS. Characters distinguishing accinctus show little variation.

The smallest specimen seen, a male, measures 12.1 mm in length and 7.4

mm in greatest width. The allotype is as large as any specimen seen.

Color varies from tan to very dark brownish-black. The distance between

the acute angles of the inner pronotal carinae varies from 1.4 to1.8 mm

but appears to be always less than in the closely related lyriferus in which

the separation of the angles varies from 2.0 to 2.6 mm. The closest rela-

tive to accinctus is lyriferus which lacks the small anteriorly directed ridge

near the posterior end of the outer carina; also in accinctus the posterior

edge of the outer carina is arcuate, not angulate. Another species in the

complex is panamensis (Robinson) which has the inner carina continued

behind the acute central angle.

40. Neoathyreus lepidus n. sp.

Figures 129-131, Map 9

HOLOTYPE. Male, length15.7 mm, greatest width9.5 mm. Dorsally

light reddish brown. Clypeus with anterior transverse carina, carina irre-

cular medially, on each side of irregular section with feeble carina extending

to anterior apex of median tubercle (carina appears to be atypical oblique

carina); posterior transverse carina distinct, only slightly depressed between

small tubercles, median tubercle slightly anterior in position and slightly

higher than lateral tubercle on each side. Vertex with sharp carina at inner

edge of each eye, vertex between eyes shallowly, broadly concave; surface

evenly granulate, each granulation with long, erect seta at base. Pronotum

(Fig. 129) with relatively large fossa on each side adjacent to anterior

marginal bead behind eye; fossa longitudinally elongate, deep portion at least

four times width of adjacent bead; anterior pronotal margin between fossae

elevated to small conical tubercle on midline, bead forming anterior base of

tubercle. Inner pronotal carina on each side atypically divided into two

parts; anterior portion arising approximately 1.5 mm behind fossa, carina

low and feebly developed for anterior half of length (about 1.0 mm), last1.0

mm more strongly developed but not greatly elevated, posterior end slightly

curved inwardly; posterior section of inner carina arising 0.6 mm inside

(toward midline) posterior end of anterior section and 0.4 mm anterior to

termination of anterior section; anterior end of inner section highest, forming

rounded low ridge bent slightly inward at anterior end; carina feebly conver-

gent with impressed midline posteriorly, carina abruptly terminating 0.7 mm

before posterior pronotal margin; broad shallow concavity mostly delimited

by anterior sections of inner carinae; surface of concavity granulate-punctate,

becoming smooth, impunctate between posterior ends of anterior portions of

inner carinae; midline of concavity with small circular depression 1.5 mm

posterior to anterior tubercle. Outer pronotal carina on each side 2.0 mm

in length, almost straight, positioned midway between inflexed portion of

pronotal margin just anterior to posterior angle and posterior end of anterior

section of inner carina. Lateral pronotal fovea with short very feeble carina

at anterior edge of fovea, fovea longer than carina; fovea with feeble inden-

tation extending toward lateral margin; margin below fovea not modified,

marginal bead not broken, very slightly reduced in height below fovea.

Elytron with four or five poorly defined striae, striae represented by irre-

gular rows of punctures, two or three intervals present with surface relatively

smooth, remainder of surface closely, irregular punctate; each puncture with

64 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

. long, semi-erect, tan seta; surface between punctures shining. Metasternum

between middle coxae feebly convex, anterior edge optusely angulate, angle

ridged at midline; midline indicated by distinct line, metasternal surface on

each side with small, distinctly separated granules, each with setose punc-

tures at posterior base. Fore tibia with six teeth on outer margin. Genitalia

as in figs. 130, 131.

FEMALE. Unknown.

TYP# MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Argentina, S. del Estero, Termos

de Rio Honda, 16.11.1982, H. & A. Howden (Howden).

PARATYPES: 2 males.

ARGENTINA -1, Campo del Cielo, 1.19384, Petrovitz collection; 1,

Tucuman: Las Cejas, 2.1V.1966, L. Stange.

Paratypes are in: Geneva, Tucum4n.

REMARKS. The male paratypes measure 13.1 to013.4 mm in length

and 8.3 to 8.7 mm in greatest width. The clypeal tubercles and connecting

posterior carina are less elevated (one specimen worn) than in the holotype;

the vertex is almost flat in the smaller specimen, and the small carina at

the anterior edge of each lateral pronotal fovea is obsolete in both. Other

major differences between the specimens are not obvious.

The odd pronotal characters, particularly the shape of the divided

inner pronotal carina immediately distinguishes the species from other

Neoathyreus. It is not easily placed with any other species or group- Based

on some pronotal characters it is possibly closest to goyasensis, while other

characters, including the characters of the male genitalia, place it near

martinezorum.

The holotype was found on the ground near a 15 watt black light placed

in thorn scrub near the Rio Honda.

41. Neoathyreus acutus n. sp.

Figures 132-134, Map 9

HOLOTYPE. Male, length12.6 mm, greatest width 8.0 mm. Dorsally

tan. Clypeus with anterior (oblique ?) carina present only on anterior lateral

thirds of clypeaus, absent medially; posterior transverse carina distinct;

median tubercle moderately developed, transversely rounded, distinctly

higher than small lateral tubercle on each side. Vertex between eyes very

slightly concave; surface with numerous, very small granules, each with

fine, erect, tan seta. Pronotum (Fig. 132) with fossa on each side adjacent

to anterior marginal bead behind eye, fossa approximately as wide as

adjacent marginal bead; pronotum between fossae feebly elevated to small,

sharply conical tubercle on midline. Inner pronotal carina straight, elevated

to obtuse, upright angle at anterior third, then lower at posterior end;

pronotal concavity between inner carina elongate; concavity finely, closely

granulate in anterior half, smooth, opaque in posterior half, midline

impressed. Concavity ending posteriorly approximately 1.8 mm before

posterior margin. Outer pronotal carina on each side present only poster-

iorly, carina arcuate, approximately 1.5 mm long and positioned midway

between inner carina and inwardly arcuate lateral pronotal margin just

anterior to posterior angle. Pronotum laterally with shallow, oval fovea;

margin below fovea very slightly indented, marginal bead reduced but not

broken in indentation. Elytron with two very feebly depressed striae on

dise; elytral surface closely granulate-punctate, each puncture with fine,

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 65

semi-erect, tan seta. Metasternum between middle coxae feebly convex,

anterior edge obtusely angled, apex of angle at midline with low, rounded

keel; surface of metasternum with small, scattered, shallow punctures, each

with fine, erect, long seta. Fore tibia with six teeth on outer margin, teeth

more distinctly rounded at apex than in related species. Genitalia as in figs.

133, 134.

ALLOTYPE. Female, lengthi1.5 mm, greatest width 7.8 mm.

Dorsally light brown. Similar to holotype except as follows: angle of inner

pronotal carina less elevated; outer pronotal carina reduced in length,

approximately 1.0 mm long; lateral pronotal margin below fovea with margin-

al bead complete, not reduced; pygidium with apex more rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Bolivia, Sta. Cruz de la Sierra,

450 m, J. Steinbach, Nov. 1910, C.M. Acc. 4552 (Pittsburgh). Allotype,

female, same data as holotype (Pittsburgh).

PARATYPES: 18 males, 23 females.

BOLIVIA - 2, no other data; 6, same data as holotype. Beni:

Rurrenabaque, I, Wm. M. Mann. Chapare Region, 400 m, 25. VITI.1957,

Zischka. Quatro Ojos, XI.1913. Santa Cruz: 500 m, 23.X%.1953, XII.1957,

Zischka; Buena Vista, 1922, R.C. Robert; IV.1950; El Cidral, 28.1.1962.

Santa Cruz de la Sierra (= Prov. del Sara), 450 m, XI.1910, J. Steinbach.

[BOLIVIA, Pando] - Chivé, Madre de Dios, 200 m, Capit. Mailles,

1912.

PERU - [in] south east, Ehrman coll.

| Paratypes are in: Berlin, Dresden, London, Munich, Ottawa, Paris,

Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Washington, Arnaud, Howden.

REMARKS. While this species is fairly common in collections,

variation in the series seen is not great. Size ranges from 9.0 to12.9 mm

in length and from 6.1 to 8.1mm in greatest width. Dorsal color is uniform,

varying from tan to light brown. The fore tibia may occasionally have only

five teeth on the outer margin. Very small specimens have the upright

obtuse angle of the inner pronotal carina scarcely indicated, while very large

specimens may have the same carina very feebly sinuate behind the angula-

tion. In other respects the series shows little variation other than that noted

under the allotype.

The closest relative to acutus is probably goyasensis but that species

lacks the outer pronotal carina. Neoathyreus brazilensis is also related,

but the inner pronotal carina of brazilensis is directed inwardly. The

almost straight inner pronotal carina and upright angle, combined with the

presence of an outer carina and five or six teeth on the fore tibia will usually

serve to distinguish acutus from any other uniformly tan or brown species of

Neoathyreus.

42. Neoathyreus brazilensis n. sp.

Figures 135-137, Map 9

HOLOTYPE. Male, length13.4 mm, greatest width 7.9 mm. Dorsally

light brown. Clypeus with oblique anterior carina on each side, carina

medially near base of median tubercle reduced in development, slightly

irregular; posterior transverse carina strongly developed; median tubercle

moderately developed, higher and more advanced in position than lateral

tubercles. Vertex almost flat, very slightly depressed near midline; surface

closely, finely granulate, most granules each with fine, erect seta at base.

66 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Pronotum (Fig. 135) with small fossa on each side adjacent to anterior

marginal bead behind eye, fossa approximately as wide as adjacent bead;

margin between fossae elevated to conical tubercle at midline, tubercle

arising from posterior edge of bead. Inner pronotal carina on each side

inwardly, obtusely angled near middle, angle separated from opposite one

by approximately 2.2 mm, inner carinae more widely separated anterior to

angle than posteriorly, each inner carina extending posteriorly to 0.5 mm

before posterior pronotal margin. Pronotal concavity more pronounced in

anterior half, terminating posteriorly about 1.1mm before posterior margin;

surface of concavity anteriorly finely granulate-setose, posteriorly and

laterally near carina smooth, opaque. Outer pronotal carina on each side

with vague, fine, short, ridge just anterior to lateral fovea and distinct,

sinuate posterior carina approximately 1.7 mm long; distinct portion of

carina positioned midway between inner carina and pronotal margin just

anterior to posterior angle. Pronotum laterally with oval fovea, margin

below fovea not indented, marginal bead complete, not reduced. Elytron

with two feebly elevated, mostly impunctate intervals on disc, remainder of

surface closely punctate-granulate, punctures each with erect or semi-erect

tan seta; surface between granules and punctures shining. Metasternum

between middle coxae moderately convex, anterior edge obtusely angulate,

angle at midline rounded, not keeled or tuberculate; surface of metasternum

with scattered small punctures, each with long, erect, tan seta. Fore tibia

with five teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 136, 137.

ALLOTYPE. Female, length1i3.0 mm, greatest width 8.1 mm.

Similar to holotype except as follows: oblique clypeal carina broken, irregu-

lar medially near base of median tubercle; all clypeal tubercles slightly

reduced in size and height; inner pronotal carinae lower, distance between

angles 2.5 mm; pronotal concavity slightly shallower; fore tibia with indica-

tion of basal sixth tooth on outer margin; pygidium more convex, apex more

rounded.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Brazil, S.P., Salesopolis, 850

m, Est. Biol. Boracéia, 28-29.XI.1974, light Mzusp col. (Sdo Paulo).

Allotype, female, Brazil, S. Paulo, Faz. Pau D'Alho, Itu, 12-15.X1I.1960,

U. Martins (Sao Paulo).

PARATYPES: 55 males, 76 females.

ARGENTINA - Misiones.

BRAZIL - 4, no other data; 1, same as holotype. Bahia: Cachimbo,

Ch. Pujol, 1890; V. de Poll. Espirito Santo: F. Hoffman; Itapemirim, F.

Ohaus S.; F. Jerusalem, 20.X1.1912, J.F. Zikan; Jetiba, X1I.1963; Jodo

Neiva, X.1965. Goids: Jataf, Faz. Aceiro, X.1962; Rio Verde. Maranhio:

50 km E. Canindé, Aldeia Aracu, V.1963, Malkin. Mato Grosso: Km 100,

BR 55, 21.X1I.1960, Aranjo & Martins. [Mato Grosso]: Chapada, X.

Minas Gerais: Aquas Vermelhas, XII.1983, M. Alvarenga; Lambari, XI.

1924; III.1925; Uberara, Le Moult; Vigosa, X.1930; Virginha fsic|, 1950.

Para: Barbacena, Candeze coll. Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaya, F. Ohaus S.;

Petrépolis, F. Ohaus S. Santa Catharina: Hansa [= Corupa], Humboldt;

Rio Bonito, XI.1964, A. Maller. S&o Paulo: Anhembi, Faz. Barreiro

Rico, XI.1965, W.D. Edmonds; Barueri, 26.X7.1954, 26.1.1955, 12. X1.1960,

5-X1.1961, K. Lenko, B. Malkin, XI, XII.64; Campinas, A. Braatz; 28.XII.

1940; Campos Jordao, Eug. Lefevre, 1200 m, 13-20.XI.1952, d'Almeida &

Pd. Pereira; Cipd, 11.11.1972, 18. X1.1972, 16.1.1973, V.N. Alin;

(Coqueiros), Ribeirio Préto, X.1954, 1956, M.P. Barretto; Itu, Faz. Pau

D'Atho, 15..X1.1960, 29..%.1960, U. Martins, Baisi, 12-15. X1.1960, M.A.

Vulcano; 10.1.1960, Pd. Pereira; Itu, Vila Nova, I.1963, U. Martins; Metz

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 67

[sic]; Pindamonhangaba, Eugenio Lefevre, 26.X.1962; Piquete; Piracicaba,

22.X11.1965, C.A. Triplehorn; Pirassununga, 4.X.47, Schubart; Rio Claro,

XII.1940, F. Pereira; Salesépolis, B. Malkin, X; Santo Amaro, III.1957, J.

Lane; Sorocaba, X.1935, Mendez; Tremembé, XII.1939, 28.1.1940, Halik;

Ypiranga, F. Ohaus S.

Paratypes are in: Berlin, Brussels, Dresden, Eberswalde, Geneva,

London, Oxford, Paris, Pittsburgh, SAo Paulo, Tucuman, Washington,

Arnaud, Glaser, Hardy, Howden.

REMARKS. Except for size which varies from 9.1to13.6 mm in

length and from 7.1 to 8.3 mm in greatest width, most of the morphological

differences are included in the descriptions of the holotype and allotype.

The inner pronotal carinae in very small specimens lack a distinct angle

and isolated small specimens are often difficult to determine, particularly

females. If the characters of the clypeus and male genitalia are given |

considerable weight, brazilensis is related to lanuginosus while the inner

pronotal carina relates brazilensis to sexdentatus.

Neoathyreus brazilensis is a relatively abundant species that has been

represented in collections for many years. It has been misidentified under

a variety of names including excavatus and sexdentatus. However none of

these older names can be applied to the present species. Information on

labels show that a number of specimens were collected at light.

43. Neoathyreus inermis n. sp.

Figures 138-140, Map 9

HOLOTYPE. Male, length 8.4 mm, greatest width 5.7 mm. Dorsally

very dark brown with labrum, clypeus, and lateral edges of pronotum reddish

brown. Clypeus with poorly defined anterior transverse carina, posterior

transverse carina distinct; median and lateral clypeal tubercles feebly

developed, represented by thickening of carina at median and lateral angles;

median tubercle slightly anterior to lateral tubercles, all tubercles of

similar height. Vertex between eyes with central third flat to very feebly

concave; surface closely granulate. Pronotum (Fig. 138) with moderate-

sized fossa on each side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye,

diameter of fossa equal to two to three times width of adjacent bead; prono-

tal margin between fossae elevated to small, rounded tubercle at midline.

Inner pronotal carina of uniform height, low, strongly convex in cross

section, 0.2 to 0.3 mm wide; anterior ends of inner carinae widely separated,

then gradually converging to pronotal midpoint, thence almost parallel to

posterior ends. Pronotal concavity very shallow, limited to anterior third

of pronotum between inner carinae; posterior edge of concavity delimited by

oval smooth areas on each side of slightly impressed midline; remainder of

surface of concavity closely granulate. Outer pronotal carina on each side

limited to posterior half of pronotum, similar in height and appearance to

inner carina; carina arcuate, approximately 1.3 mm long, positioned midway

between inner carina and lateral pronotal margin just before posterior angle.

Lateral pronotal fovea shallow, almost circular, margin below fovea

shallowly indented, marginal bead reduced and very briefly broken in inden-

tation. Elytron lacking striae on disc, surface closely, coarsely punctate;

punctures separated by less than one diameter, each puncture with fine,

semi-erect tan seta; surface between punctures shining. Metasternum

between middle coxae flat, midline very slightly elevated; anterior edge

68 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

obtusely angled, angle at midline with low keel; surface of metasternum with

unusually widely separated, shallow punctures, each with long, erect seta.

Fore tibia with eight teeth on outer margin. Genitalia as in figs. 139, 140.

FEMALE. Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Brazil, Hyutanah&, Rio Purus,

S.M. Klages, March 1922, Carn. Mus. Acc. 6963. (Pittsburgh).

PARATYPE: 1 male.

PERU - Loreto: Ucayali, R., Yarina Cocha, 23.V.1957, Peter

Hocking.

Paratype is in: Chicago.

REMARKS. The single male paratype is approximately the same size

as the holotype. It varies from the holotype in being dorsally reddish-brown

except for the brownish-black smooth posterior edge of the pronotal concavity

and the adjacent portion of the inner carinae. The outer edge of the fore

tibia has seven teeth instead of the eight found on the holotype. Otherwise

the two specimens are similar.

Neoathyreus inermis is most closely related to obscurus, but differs

from that species in size (smaller) and in having seven or eight teeth on the

fore tibia; obscurus has four with a fifth sometimes indicated. The large

number of teeth on the fore tibia of inermis combined with its small size and

the shape of the pronotal carinae will usually distinguish the species from

others inthe genus. |

44. Neoathyreus rufoventris n. sp.

Figures 141-144, Map 9

HOLOTYPE. Male, lengthi4.7 mm, greatest width 8.6 mm. Dorsally

black, ventrally mostly reddish brown. Clypeus worn, oblique carina indi-

cated, extending to anterior apex of moderately sized median tubercle,

posterior carina on each side of median tubercle pronounced; lateral tubercle

on each side low (worn). Vertex between eyes shallowly concave, surface

rugose or with mixed granules and punctures, most depressions or punctures

each with short brown seta. Pronotum (Figs. 141, 142) with small fossa on

each side contiguous with anterior marginal bead behind eye, width of fossa

approximately equal to width of adjacent bead; anterior pronotal margin

between fossae upwardly, broadly, transversely arcuate, highest at midline;

midline lacking tubercle or keel, not modified. Inner pronotal carina on

each side arising about 1.0 mm behind fossa, most widely separated from

opposite carina anteriorly; carina feebly inwardly arcuate and elevated to

abrupt, obtuse angle near middle, then gradually reduced in height to

posterior end1.1mm before posterior pronotal margin; concavity longer

than wide, granulate in anterior half, smooth posteriorly; midline indented

in posterior half. Outer pronotal carina on each side present above inwardly

arcuate portion of posterior pronotal angle, carina slightly closer to margin

than to adjacent portion of inner carina; outer carina approximately 1.3 to

1.4 mm long, anterior end reduced, gradually disappearing. Lateral pro-

notal fovea on each side poorly defined, shallow, pronotal margin below

fovea slightly indented, bead reduced in size in indentation but not interrupted

or broken. Elytron with two or three vaguely indented striae on disc; entire

surface of elytron except for umbone closely, coarsely, contiguously punc-

tate, most punctures each with short semi-erect brown seta. Metasternum

between middle coxae flat, feebly elevated medially along midline, anterior

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 69

edge at midline sharply, obtusely angulate; surface of metasternum with

scattered shallow punctures, each with long brown seta. Fore tibia worn,

four teeth distinct, small fifth basal tooth vaguely indicated. Genitalia as in

figs. 143, 144.

FEMALE. Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, [Peru], Pozuzo, Coll. Dr. Ondrej

(Chicago).

PARATYPE: 1 male.

PERU - Chanchamayo, F6032 Bassler Collection.

Paratype is in: Washington.

REMARKS. The single male paratype is 12.2 mm long and 7.1 mm

wide. It is less well developed than the holotype but is also less worn. The

oblique clypeal carina is feebly developed and there are six teeth on the

outer margin of the fore tibia. The other distinctive characters do not differ

greatly from those described for the holotype.

Neoathyreus rufoventris superficially resembles several species

occurring in Peru, Ecuador or southern Colombia. However the combination

of characters found in rufoventris does not seem to fall within the possible

limits of variation of any other species I have seen. It appears externally to

be close to rufobrunneus but differs by having the lateral margin of the pro-

notum unmodified and also by having very distinctive male genitalia.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would first like to extend my thanks for the help given me by those

individuals and institutions listed under the heading ''Collections Studied".

Without their generous cooperation this study would not have been feasible.

I would like to particularly acknowledge the generous help and hospitality

afforded me and my wife, Anne, by Antonio Martinez, his wife Juana, and

his family during a seven-week visit to Argentina in 1982. During this period

all of us were hosted for several weeks by the Instituto de Investigaciones

Entomologicas Salta (INESALT). While there Rdo. P. Gregorio J. Williner

and Dr. Manuel J. Viana, both members of INESALT were most helpful. In

producing this work the assistance of Mr. L. Ling with the Scanning Electron

Micrographs, plates and maps and Mrs. Betty Perry with the typing of the

manuscript has been invaluable. The laboratory portion of this work has

been supported by an operating grant from the National Sciences and

Engineering Research Council of Canada.

LITERATURE CITED

Arribalzaga, F.L.

1880. Notas sobre dos Athyreitae de Buenos Aires. El] Naturalista

Argentino 5: 145-149.

Arrow, G.Jd.

1913. Some new species of lamellicorn beetles from Brazil. The

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 14: 257-276.

Bates, H.W.

1886-1889. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. In Biologia Centrali-

Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, II(2): 1-381.

70 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Blanchard, C.E.

1837 (1846). In Brulle, Insectes de 1'Amérique Méridionale recueillis

par Alcide d'Orbigny. Paris, vol. 2: 105-222.

Boucomont, A.

1902a. Description sommaire de quelques Bolbocerini (Col.). Bulletin

de la Société entomologique de France: 184-185.

1902b. Description de quelques Bolbocerini nouveaux. Annales de la

Société entomologigue de France 71: 581-587.

1911(1910). Contribution a la classification des Geotrypidae (Col.).

Annales de la Société entomologique de France 79: 333-350.

1932. Genre nouveau et espéces nouvelles ou peu connues de

Bolbocerinia (Col. Scarabaeidae). Bulletin de la Société

entomologique de France: 262-264.

Brown, R.W. |

1956 (reprint 1978). Composition of scientific words. Smithsonian

Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 882 pp.

Churcher, C.S.

1966. The insect fauna from the Talara tar-seeps, Peru. Canadian

Journal of Zoology 44: 985-993.

Felsche, C.

1909. Neue und alte coprophage Scarabaeiden (Col.). Deutsche

Entomologische Zeitschrift: 751-765.

Harold, E.

1880. Verzeichniss der von E. Steinheil in Neu-Granada gesammelten

coprophagen Lamellicornien. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung

41: 138-46.

Howden, H.F.

1964. The Geotrupinae of North and Central America. Memoirs of

the Entomological Society of Canada 39: 1-91.

1974. Additional records and descriptions of North and Central

American Geotrupinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Canadian

Journal of Zoology 52: 567-573.

1978. Descriptions of some West Indian Scarabaeidae, primarily in

the Natural History Museum, Basel. Entomologica Basiliensia

3: 377-393.

1985. A revision of the South American genus Parathyreus Howden

and Martinez (Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae). The Coleopterists

Bulletin 39:161-173.

Howden, H.F. and B. Gill

1984. Two new species of Neoathyreus Howden and Martinez from

Costa Rica with distribution notes on other Athyreini from Mexico

and Central America (Coleoptera: Geotrupinae). The Canadian

Entomologist 116: 1637-1641.

Howden, H.F. and A. Martinez

1963. The new tribe Athyreini and its included genera (Coleoptera:

Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae). The Canadian Entomologist 95: 345-

352.

1978. A review of the New World genus Athyreus Macleay (Scarabaeidae,

Geotrupinae, Athyreini). Contributions of the American Entomo-

logical Institute 15: 1-70.

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus 1 Ag

Kluge, H.

1845 (1843). Die Coleopteren-Gattungen: Athyreus und Bolboceras,

dargestellt nach den in der Sammlung hiesiger Koenigl.

Universitaet davon vorhandenen Arten. Akademie der

Wissenschaften Berlin Physikalische Abhandlungen: 21-56.

Laporte, F.L.

1840. Histoire naturelle des animaux articules. Paris, vol. 2.

540 pp.

Macleay, W.S.

1819. Horae entomologicae: or essays on the annulose animals.

: London, vol. 1. 524 pp.

Martinez, A.

1951. Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos, VIII (Col. Scarabaeidae).

Notas acerca de algunos Bolbocerini Argentinos. Revista de la

Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 15: 108-120.

1952. Scarabaeidae nuevos o poco conocidos, III. Mision de Estudios

de Patalogia Regional Argentina, XXIII: 53-118.

Westwood, J.O.

1848. Description of some new species of Athyreus, MacL., a genus

of lamellicorn beetles. Annals and Magazine Natural History,

ser. 2, 1: 386-387.

1851. Descriptions of some new species of Athyreus, a genus of

lamellicorn beetles. Transactions Linnean Society 20: 453-467.

72 Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Fig. 1. Oblique clypeal carina, sexdentatus (Laporte). Fig. 2.

Anterior transverse clypeal carina, lanuginosus (Klug). Fig. 3. Irregular,

broken, oblique, clypeal carina, excavatus (Laporte). Fig. 4. Indented

lateral pronotal margin, marginal bead interrupted, excavatus (Laporte).

Fig. 5. Fore tibia with four teeth, excavatus (Laporte). Fig. 6. Fore tibia

with six teeth, lanuginosus (Klug).

Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus

ie i

VIEW

lateral

y. 11. Male, head and

e genitalia,

inez

Male

7 10,

alzagai (Ma

arrl

Male genitalia, dorsal

Figs. 11, 12. Neoathyreus

Figs. 7-10. Neoathyreus glaseri n. sp. 7, 8. Male, head and prono-

view

arrib g

pronotum;12. Apical segment of hind tarsus.

tums 2,

Pig. 1 Os

oO +

ee.

“86 ¢

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Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus

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Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

—

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Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus

_. |

\ |

| oe ¢

lateral

Male, head and

ital

i ee

Male gen

(Klug)

tatus n. sp.

1no

; 34. Male genitalia, lateral

view.

Figs. 35, 36. Neoathyreus bidentatus (Macleay). 35. Male, head

view

and pronotum; 36. Male genitalia, dorsal

Inus

31. Neoathyreus anthrac

32-34. Neoathyreus cu

Figs.

pronotum; 33. Male genitalia, dorsal

view.

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Hit

x £3

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Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

Male

51-53.

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2S.

Fig. 54.

Male, head and pronotum.

head and pronotum

view.

VLEW.

lateral

ia,

corniculatus (Felsche)

ital

Neoathyreus

Male gen

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54.

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sp.

; ba.

view:

(Westwood).

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AES AVERETT CN TT

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gs.

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Neoathyreus reichii

Neoathyreus lobus n.

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Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

head

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genital

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d) e 6 Le

64. Male

66.

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view.

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62, 63.

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_ Neoathyreus

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italia,

Female, head and pronotum.

3 65

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Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus

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Howden: The Genus Neoathyreus

lateral

head

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Figs. 83, 84.

pronotum; 84.

thius (Klug)

Neoathyreus corin

Neoathyreus tr

80-82

81.

@ 719 @

gs.

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Fig

view.

80.

gen

Neoathyreus politus n. sp. 83. Male, head and

View.

genitalia, dorsal view.

Male

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

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Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

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125.

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i 8 =

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geni

Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst., vol. 21, no. 4, 1985

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rufoventris n.

140

139

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