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L161— O-1096

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

A Continuation of the

BOTANICAL SERIES

of

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 28

NUMBERS 3 AND 4

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

CHICAGO, U.S.A.

1953-1957

CONTENTS

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA— III, IV

By Julian A. Steyermark and Collaborators.

PAGES

Number 3. From Ericaceae through Compositae 449-678

Number 4. From Algae through Spermatophyta: Families Listed in

Systematic Order 679-1190

111

<v^

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

TEXT FIGURES

NUMBER 3

PAGE

95. Ardisia meridensis 455

96. Conomorpha densipapillata 458

97. Conomorpha frigidicola 460

98. Conomorpha hieronymoides 461

99. Conomorpha jajiensis 463

100. Conomorpha larensis 464

101. Conomorpha liriensis 467

102. Conomorpha ptariensis 469

103. Conomorpha roraimae 470

104. Conomorpha sessilanthera 472

105. Conomorpha sulcata 473

106. Conomorpha tamana 474

107. Grammadenia ptariensis 475

108. Rapanea minima 478

109. Stylogyne turumiquirensis 480

110. Styrax duidae 493

111. Utricularia aureomaculata 537

112. Utricularia congesta 541

113. Utricularia cuspidata 543

114. Utricularia heterochroma 545

115. Utricularia Oliverana 547

116. Utricularia subpeltata 549

117. Utricularia tepuiana • • • 551

118. Alseis microcarpa 565

119. Alseis trichocarpa

120. Borreria macrocephala

121. Chimarrhis venezuelensis

122. Chiococca lucens

123. Elaeagia laxiflora

124. Faramea Cardonae

125. Guettarda Steyermarkii

126. Guettarda Steyermarkii f. latior

PAGE

127. Malanea microphylla 583

128. Pagamea anisophylla 585

129. Pagamea auyantepuiensis 587

130. Pagamea Standleyana 590

131. Pagamea Steyermarkii 592

132. Psycholria arenaria 595

133. Psychotria Blakei 597

134. Remijia stenosepala 611

135. Remijia Steyermarkii 613

136. Anguria simplicifolia 621

137. Baccharis ptariensis 625

138. Hymenostephium viride 643

139. Jungia reticulata 645

140. Lucilia venezuelensis 646, 647

141. Oyedaea Blakeana 665

142. Pectis venezuelensis 667

143. Polymnia meridensis 669

144. Quelchia Cardonae 671

NUMBER 4

1. Podocarpus Harmsianus 762

2. Podocarpus Pittieri, P. Steyermarkii 764

3. Podocarpus magnifolius 766

4. Podocarpus pendulifolius 767

5. Podocarpus oleifolius var. trujillensis 768

6. Podocarpus oleifolius var. macroslachyus 770

7. Podocarpus tepuiensis 772

vi

CONTRIBUTIONS TO

THE FLORA OF VENEZUELA

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

AND COLLABORATORS

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

VOLUME 28, NUMBER 4

Published by

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

JANUARY 11, 1957

CONTRIBUTIONS TO

THE FLORA OF VENEZUELA

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

Curator of the Herbarium

AND COLLABORATORS

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

VOLUME 28, NUMBER 4

Published by

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

JANUARY 11, 1957

THEUBMRyOFTHE

1 A i\i Ort <«n( — 7

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA •• IV

This part contains an account by families from Algae through

Spermatophyta, arranged in systematic order. As explained in the

introduction to Part I, only those collections are cited (with the

exception of Algae, Mosses, and Podocarpaceae) which are additions

to the known flora of Duida, Roraima, and the Andes, together with

those forming the flora of Ptari-tepui and adjacent Sororopan-tepui,

and those forming the flora of Cerro Turumiquire and adjacent Oriente

section when the latter occur as range extensions. Records of

species new to Venezuela, together with critical taxonomic and

phytogeographical notes, are also included in this section. Special

notes on the geology, topography, floral zones, and ecological

aspects are included on the sections dealing with Ptari-tepui and

with Cerro Turumiquire and adjacent Oriente. Finally, a list of the

new taxa is inserted at the close of the paper in systematic order,

together with the bibliographic citation of publication and general

locality, with a final list of the number of genera, species, varieties,

and forms included under each family of the report.

The author is greatly indebted to the many collaborators, without

whose help the completion of identification of the assemblage of

Venezuelan plants collected would have been impossible. To the

following contributors the author wishes to express his most sincere

thanks:

Francis A. Drouet Algae, with exception of Cladophoraceae

Harold Phinney Cladophoraceae

Carroll W. Dodge Lichens

E. B. Bartram Mosses

C. V. Morton Ferns and fern allies with exception of

Selaginellaceae and Ophioglossaceae, and Gesneriaceae

Robert T. Clausen ....Ophioglossaceae

A. H. C. Alston Selaginellaceae

J. T. Buchholz and Nettie A. Cray Podocarpaceae

Jason R. Swallen Cramineae, with exception of Bambuseae

F. A. McClure Bambuseae, except Mynocladus

Earl L. Core Selena tepuiensis

Charles L. Cilly ......Tribe Cryptangieae of Cyperaceae

The records concerning the distribution of the various taxa in this final

number of "Contributions to the Flora of Venezuela" were submitted to

publisher in March, 1953, and have been in press until the present date

679

680 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Liberty Hyde Bailey and H. E. Moore Roystonea venezuelana

Harold N. Moldenke Eriocaulaceae, Menispermaceae, Verbenaceae

Bassett Maguire Rapatea Steyermarkii, Rosaceae

Lyman B. Smith Bromeliaceae

Robert C. Foster Iridaceae

Charles Schweinfurth Orchidaceae

T. C. Yuncker Piperaceae

Jose' Cuatrecasas. ...... .Moraceae, Cunoniaceae, Quararibea, Senecio,

and Diplostephium

E. P. Killip Urticaceae, Passifloraceae, and Bomarea

Robert E. Fries • Annonaceae

Albert C. Smith Myristicaceae, Hippocrateaceae, Ericaceae,

and Vacciniaceae

Robert W. Schery Leguminosae

H. E. Moore, Jr Ceraniaceae

F. A. Stafleu Vochysiaceae

Fred A. Barkley Anacardiaceae

Clarence E. Kobuski ....Theaceae, in part

Lyman B. Smith and Bernice G. Schubert...* Begoniaceae

H. A. Cleason Me las torn ace ae

Mildred Mathias and Lincoln Constance Umbelliferae

Joseph Monachino.. Sapotaceae

Joseph Ewan ...........Centianaceae in part, and Vismia

Robert E. Woodson, Jr Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae in part

Richard W. Holm Asclepiadaceae in part

Ivan M. Johnston Borraginaceae

Carl Epling Labiatae

Francis W. Pennell Scrophulariaceae

N. Y. Sandwith Bignoniaceae

Emery C. Leonard Acanthaceae

Paul C. Standley Rubiaceae in part

Fred W. Meyer Valerianaceae

Rogers McVaugh Lobeliaceae, Campanulaceae

The present author is responsible for all other determinations out-

side the above families or genera, unless otherwise specified in

the report.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 681

Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Com.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rock beach at Macuto at residence

of William Phelps, Jr., 59325.

Lyngbya aestuorii Gom.

SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above

valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62798.

Microcoleus acutissitnus Gardn.

BOLIVAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata,

alt. 500 m., 57522.

Microcoleus paludosus Gom.

SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above

valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62 802 a.

Microcoleus sp.

CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55592. SUCRE: hot

springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cumana, southeast of

Cumana, alt. 60 m., 6286 5J

Oscillatoria chalybea Gom.

SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and

Cumana', southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62862.

Phormidium autumn ale Gom.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at

Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55113.

Phormidium incrustatum Gom. (?)

SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above

valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62803.

Phormidium tenue Gom.

CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55585, 55587, 55588a,

55590, 55591.

Phormidium Treleasei Gom.

SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and

Cumana, southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62862.

O<7

By Francis A. Drouet

682 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Plectonema Nosctocorum Gom.

BOLIVAR: crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255m., 60130. ANZOA-

TEGUI: Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin,

alt. 600-800 m., 67268.

Plectonenia purpureum Gom.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at

Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55120.

Plectonema terebrans Gom.

ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of

Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61284.

Porphyrosiphon Notarisii Gom.

SUCRE: along quebrada and hot springs at La Toma, between San

Juan and Cumana, southeast of Cum ana', alt. 40 m., 62856a.

Schizothrix calcicola Gom.

ANZOATEGUI: headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, between Cerro

San Jose and Cerro Peon/a, alt. 1500-1600 m., 61567.

Schizothrix Friesii Gom.

MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765

m., 62966. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest^facing sand-

stone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58929a.

Schizothrix Lamyi Gom.

LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.

2285-3290 m., 55484.

Schizothrix mellea Gardn.

MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata', above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765

m., 62958, 62959.

Schizothrix roseola (Gardn.) Dr.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,

alt. 1675-1800 m., 58365. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima,

alt. 2740 m., 58805, 58822, 58869; crest of Sororopan-tepuf, alt.

2265 m., 60130. MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata', alt. 2200-2765 m.,

62958.

Schizothrix thelephoroides Gom.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, be-

tween Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt.

150 m., 57758, 57759. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, alt.

2620-2740 m., 58820, 58869; Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2130 m., 59833.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 683

Schizothrix (?) sp.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: between Esmeralda Sa-

vanna and Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt.

215 m., 58404.

Symploca thermalis Gom.

CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55588, 55588a.

SCYTONEMATACEAE

Scytonema figuratum Gom.

MONAGAS: open rocky limestone slopes, summit of Cerro de la

Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt.

1300 m., 61928.

Scytonema guyanense B. & F.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, be-

tween Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt.

150 m., 57758, 57759; along Orinoco River, at mouth of Rib Sana-

riapo, below Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58426; vicinity of Sanariapo,

58496, 58509a. BOLIVAR: vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering

Rib Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de

Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60495.

Scytonema Hofmannii B. & F.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at

Los Venados, alt. 1555 m«» SSllOa. MERIDA: Quebrada de los

Salichales, tributary of Rib Canagua, southwest of Canagua', alt.

1950-2135 m., 56428a; along Rib Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa

Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56746.

Scytonema mellea Gardn.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, be-

tween Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt.

150 m., 57758, 57759.

Scytonema ocellatum B. & F.

BOLIVAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata,

alt. 500 m., 57522. ANZOATEGUI: Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leo'n,

northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 600-800 m., 61268; headwaters of Que-

brada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Berganti'n and Cerro Peo-

nia, alt. 1800-1850 m., 61550; same general locality, alt. 1500-1700

m., 61566. MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Gua'-

charo, alt. 950 m., 62293. SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to

Rio Manzanares, above valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt.

230-300 m., 62808.

684 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

STIGONEMATACEAE

Fischerella ambigua (B. & F.) Com.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: along Rio Sanariapo, Sana-

riapo, alt. 150 m., 58509. MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms.

northwest of Guicharo, alt. 950 m., 62292.

Fischerella thermalis (B. & F.) Gom.

BOLIVAR: crest of Sororopan-tepuT, alt. 2255 m., 60130.

Hapalosiphon laminosus B. & F.

CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55582, 55583, 55586,

55587, 55588, 55588a, 55589, 55590.

Hapalosiphon pumilus B. & F.

LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos,

west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55296. TERRITORIO FED-

ERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, between Esmeralda and

Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57758; between

Esmeralda Savanna and Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of

Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 58404. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Ro-

raima, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58900; Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2130 m., 59834.?

Stigonema hormoides B. & F.

MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765

m., 62946.

Stigonema mamillosum B. & F.

BOLIVAR: south west* facing slopes at base of first line of sand-

stone bluffs, east of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepui, alt. 2130 m., 59840.

Stigonema minutum B. & F.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: along Rio Sanariapo,

Sanariapo, alt. 150 m., 58509.

Stigonema ocellatum B. & F.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,

alt. 1675-1800 m., 58365. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima,

alt. 2700-2740 m., 58900, 589 1 7.

Stigonema panniforme B. & F.

LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.

2285-3290 m., 55484. TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: sum-

mit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675-1800 m., 58385, 58386; vicinity of

Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100

m., 58496. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, alt. 2620-2740

m., 58805, 58820, and 58869. MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above

Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62947, 62958, 62959, 62965.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 685

NOSTOCACEAE

Xostoc commune B. & F.

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-

west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62122.

Nostoc microscopicum B. & F.

ANZOATEGUI: headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose',

between Bergantih and Cerro Peonfa, alt. 1500-1700 m., 61550.

Nostoc verrucosum B. & F.

SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cumana',

southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 628 64.

CHROOCOCCACEAE

Anacystis marginata Menegh.

SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cu-

mana, southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62858a, 62863.

Gloeocapsa alpicola (Lyngb.) Born.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at

Los Venados, 55120. TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: along

Rio Sanariapo, Sanariapo, 58509. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount

Roraima, alt. 2740 m., 58820; crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255

m., 60130. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near

base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantih, alt. 800-1000 m.,

61282; headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between

Bergantih and Cerro Peom'a, alt. 1500-1700 m., 61550, 61567.

MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt. 950

m., 62289, 62290.

Gloeocapsa turgida (Kiitz.) Hollerb.

ANZOATEGUI: along headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, between

Cerro San Jose' and Cerro Peonia, alt. 1500-1600 m., 61567. SUCRE:

hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cumana, southeast

of Cumana', alt. 60 m., 62858a.

Merismopedia tranquilla (Ehrenb.) Trevis.

BOLIVAR: along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs,

Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2410 m., 59871.

DESMIDIACEAE

Cosmarium sp.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rib

Manzanares and Rib de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62703.

686 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Cylindrocystis Brebissonii Menegh.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks,

on summit following sand stone- covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-

2500 m., 62668, 62669.

Cylindrocystis sp. (?)

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,

Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58236.

ZYGNEMATACEAE

Spirogyra sp.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summjt of Cerro Duida,

Savanna Hills, alt. 1025*1200 m., 58236. BOLIVAR: summit of

Mount Roraima, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58822; swamp on open level por-

tion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1600

m., 59654.

Zygnema sp.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Esmeralda Savanna, be-

tween Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, near Orinoco River, alt.

150 m., 57758. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, alt. 2700-

2740 m., 58822.

Zygogonium ericetorum Ku'tz.

LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.

2285-3290 m., 55484.

Zygogonium sp.

MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-

2765 m., 62973.

OOCYSTACEAE

Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks,

on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-

2500 m., 62668.

CHAMAESIPHONACEAE

Chamaesiphon incrustans Grun.

BOLIVAR: along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepuf, west of

La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60774.

Entophysalis Cornuana Sauvag.

ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of

Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61284.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 687

TETRASPORACEAE

Gloeocystis confluens (Kutz.) Richt.

LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west

of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55296. TACHIRA: limestone out-

crops of Pa'ramo dp Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895

m., 57372. BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, alt. 2620-2740

m., 58821, 58908; Ptari-tepui, on southwest-facing shoulder, in Bon-

netia roraimae forest, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59749. SUCRE: Cerro

Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit follow-

ing sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62668,

62669- MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt.

2200-2765 m., 62959.

Urococcus Hookerianus Berk. & Hass.

MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.

950 m., 62287. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and

western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge

ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62667. MIRANDA: Pico de Naiguata',

above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62947.

ULVACEAE

Enterotnorpha sp.

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61745.

Ulva sp.

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61748. SUCRE:

shallow sea water of Gulf of Cariaco, east of Cumana", between

Penon and Quetepe, 62870a.

ULOTRICHACEAE

Ulothrix sp.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at

Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55117.

Stichococcus subtil is (Kutz.) Klerk.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at

Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55; 1 7, 55118.

CHAETOPHORACEAE

Stigeoclonium sp.

ANZOATEGUI: rocky slopes along Rib Querecual, southwest of

Bergantm, alt. 500 m., 67512.

688 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

TRENTEPOHLIACEAE

Physolinum monile (de Wildem. ) Printz.

BOLIVAJR: along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs,

Ptari-tepui', alt. 2410 m., 59886.

Trentepohlia aurea (L.) Martins

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado

and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62652.

Trentepohlia sp.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,

alt. 1800 m., 58386.

CLADOPHORACEAE 38

Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillw.) Ku'tz.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence

of William Phelps, Jr., 59320.

Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kiitz.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence

of William Phelps, Jr., 59321a.

Cladophora sp.

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61741.

CAULERPACEAE

Caulerpa sp.

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61750.

CHORD ARIACEAE

Leathesia sp.

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61740.

DICTYOTACEAE

Dictyopteris sp.

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61743.

Pad in a sp.

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61749.

38By Harold Phinney

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 689

FUCACEAE

Sargassuni sp.

ARAGUA: sandy beach along seashore at El Palito, near Puerto

Cabello, 56895. SUCRE: shallow sea water of Gulf of Cariaco,

east of Cumana, between Penon and Quetepe, 62869.

HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE

Batrachospermum ambiguum Mont.^8a

SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above

valley of Cumanocoa, above Cuchivano, alt., 230-300 m., 62829.

Batrachospermum guyanense (Mont.) Kutz.

f f t f

BOLIVAR: along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of

La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60775.

Batrachospermum orthostichum Skuja.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,

on high moist ridge top, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58384.

Batrachospermum pulchrum Sirod.

f f

ANZOATEGUI: headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila

Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantm,

alt. 900-1400 m., 61737.

Batrachospermum vagum (Roth) Ag.

f f f f

BOLIVAR: Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-

tepuf, alt. 1615 m., 60270. 602J2.

Batrachospermum (chantransioid) sp.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: along Orinoco River, at

Raudal Santa Barbara, between Tamatama and San Fernando de Ata-

bapo, alt. 100 m., 58427.

GELIDIACEAE

Gelidium sp.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence

of William Phelps, Jr., 59323.

* Batrachospermum identified by H. Skuja

690 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

SPHAEROCOCCACEAE

Hypnea musciformis (Wulf. ) J. Ag.

f

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61742.

GIGARTINACEAE

Gigartina sp.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence

of William Phelps, Jr., 59319.

CERAMIACEAE

Ceramium sp.

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61 746. SUCRE:

shallow sea water of Gulf of Cariaco, east of Cumana, between

Penon and Quetepe, 62870. DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky

beach at Macuto at residence of William Phelps, Jr., 59321.

RHODOMELACEAE

Laurencia sp.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence

of William Phelps, Jr., 59324.

LICHENS39

PYRENOPSIDACEAE

Jenmania Goebelii Wacht. (?)

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: terrestrial, blackish,

vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River,

alt. 100 m., 58459.

THELOTREMACEAE

Leptotrema monosporiuni (Nyl.) Mull. Arg.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: terrestrial, gray-whitish,

in dry places in Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1800

m., 58373.

39By Carroll W. Dodge

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 691

DIPLOSCHISTACEAE

Diploschistes cinereocaesius (Sw.) Vainio.

MIRANDA: on ground on top of Pico de Naiguata, above Los

Chorros, alt. 2765 m., 62956.

COLLEMACEAE

Collema implicatum Nyl.

MIRANDA: among Chusquea Spenceri branches on top of Pico de

Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2765 m., 62949.

Leptogium azureum (Sw.) Mont.

MONAGAS: on herbs and suffruticose Lantana sp. and Croton

sp., olive green with mustard yellow border, rocky exposed knife

edge on south-facing slope, Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave,

near Gua'charo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62340.

Leptogium coralloideum' (Mey. & Fw.) Vainio.

SUCRE: on stems of composite, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing

steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of

cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62588.

Leptogium Tuckermani Dodge (?) Juvenile.

MONAGAS: on tree, base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva

de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-

1200 m., 61909a.

Leptogium vesiculosum (Sw.) Malme var. digitatum (Eschw.) Dodge

MONAGAS: on trunks of shrubs, thallus dull blue green, fruiting

bodies dull green with dull orange at top in center, Cerro Negro,

above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500"

2180 m., 62055.

STICTACEAE

Lobaria corrosa (Nyl.) Mull. Arg.

BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus pale green above,

white below, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying

sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59819.

Lobaria Fendleri (Tuck. & Mont.) Lindau

BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus pale green above,

silvery white below, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes over-

lying sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m.,

59877.

692 FELDIANA: BOTANY. VOLUME 28

Sticta Weigelii Ach.

BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus dull gray green

above, dull brownish scurfy below, apochecia dull orange, Ptari-

tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just north-

east of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59878.

Stictina fuliginosa var. Wildenowii Nyl.

MIRANDA: on ground on top of Pico de Naiguata, above Los

Chorros, alt. 2765 m., 62948.

Pseudocyph ell aria aurata (Ach.) Vainio.

MONAGAS: rocky exposed knife edge on south-facing slope,

Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-

1620 m., 62340a.

PELTIGERACEAE

Peltigera dolichorhiza Nyl.

BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus blue- gray-green

above, whitish below with black rhizoids, apothecia dull orange,

Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just

northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59816.

CLADONIACEAE

Cladonia aggregata (Sw.) Ach.

BOLIVAR: common and dominant over dry level ground in open-

ings and in shrubby woodland, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sand-

stone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau-

portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59690. LARA:

on boulders in wet woods, wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los

Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55297. MIRANDA:

on ground on summit of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt.

2765 m., 62994.

Cladonia carassensis Vainio.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,

Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 582426.

Cladonia ceratophylla Meyer.

BOLIVAR: thallus orange, on open ledges around margin of pond,

summit of Mount Roraima, at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58909.

Cladonia didyma (Fee) Vainio.

SUCRE: apothecia red-vermilion, on ground, in valley between

base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of

Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de

Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62728.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 693

Cladonia fallax des Abb.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: thallus white, on ground in

dry places in Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675-

1800 m., 58372. BOLIVAR: thallus silvery-gray, on soil in swampy

ground, summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of summit, alt.

2700-2740 m., 58871; Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone ex-

posures, on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of

southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 596906. SUCRE: thallus

gray-white, terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like por-

tion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of

southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62632. MONAGAS: thallus white,

terrestrial, on summit, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,

northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62125.

Cladonia fallax forma thyrsifera des Abb.

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepuf, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures

on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of southeast-

facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 596900.

Cladonia Gorgonina (Bory) Vainio var. turgidior (Nyl.) Vainio.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern

peak, alt. 2500 m., 625696.

Cladonia medusina (Bory) Nyl.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida,

Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58242c.

Cladonia miniata Meyer.

BOLIVAR: fruiting body orange, on moist shaded face of bluff,

Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.

2410 m., 59884.

Cladonia mitis Sandst.

BOLIVAR: thallus white, apothecia brown, terrestrial, Ptari-

tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground

adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of southeast- facing slopes,

alt. 1600 m., 59691.

Cladonia sphacelata Vainio.

BOLIVAR: dry cliff face, Ptari-tepui, along base of east-facing

high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59956; on dry boulder,

Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.

2410 m., 599586.

Cladonia verticillaris (Raddi) Fr.

SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit

of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62610.

694 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

PARMELIACEAE

Parmelia hypotropa Nyl. var. imperlalis Hue.

BOLIVAR: thallus silvery green above, black below, on face of

bluff, Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs,

alt. 2410-2450 m., 59952.

USNEACEAE

Oropogon loxensis (Fe'e) Th. Fr. var. atroalbicans (Nyl.) Du Rietz.

SUCRE: on walls of boulder on summit, Cerro Turumi quire, be-

tween headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of southern peak,

alt. 2200-2400 m., 62652a.

Ramalina Usnea (L.) Howe.

MONAGAS: epiphyte pendent on tree, deep forest along Rib

Amana, in valley just east of La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil

Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 165 m., 61 771.

Alectoria ecuadorensis (Zahlbr.) Gyelnik.

MERIDA: black, terrestrial, near upper limit of paramo, around

small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila,

alt. 3930 m., 559J8.

Siphula fastigiata Nyl.

BOLIVAR: thallus whitish, stiff, common in little clumps all

over exposed rocks near Great Central Rift, summit of Mount Ro-

raima, on southern half of summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58880; same

locality, terrestrial on wooded slopes among rifts of headwaters of

Great Central Rift, 58892.

Usnea amabilis Mot.

ANZOATEGUI: thallus silvery, pendent on branches, cloud forest

on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above

Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt.

2350 m., 61693.

Usnea duriuscula Mot.

ANZOATEGUI: pendent from trees and tree trunk, steep forested

slopes between Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La

Tigra, and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1600 m.,

61561.

Usnea laevigata Vainio.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes,

from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2350-2500 m.,

62604.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 695

Usnea laevis (Eschw.) Nyl.

BOLIVAR: on rock bordering swamp, Ptari-tepui, Brocchinia-

Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing shoulder, alt.

2200 m., 59788.

Usnea subcomosa Vainio.

ANZOATEGUI: pendent from trees and tree trunk, steep forested

slopes between Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La

Tigra, and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1600 m.,

Usnea subplicata (Vainio.) Mot.

BOLIVAR: pendent from bluffs or trees on slopes of morros, sum-

mit of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north and northwest of

Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58843.

Usnea transitoria Mot.

ANZOATEGUI: common pendent lichen on ridge top, cloud forest

of Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose,

between Bergantin and Cerro Peoma (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt.

1800-1850 m., 67546.

THELOSCHISTACEAE

Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norm.

SUCRE: thallus tawny-orange, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing

slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000

m., 62490; thallus golden, on tree branches, valley between base of

Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turu-

miquire) and Cerro de Neverf, along headwaters of Rib de Amana,

alt. 2000 m., 62720.

PHYSCIACEAE

Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) Vainio.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumi quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern

peak, alt. 2500m., 62678.

MUSCI40

SPHAGNACEAE

Sphagnum magellanicum Brid.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, between Los Venados

and Pico Oriental, alt. 1675-2640 m., 55633 in part. MERIDA:

^By E. B. Bartram

696 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Laguna Mucubaji, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625*3655 ni., 57493.

ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonfa,

above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin,

alt. 2000-2300 m., 61698. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing

slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocol-

lar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62523a.

Distribution: wide in North and South America, Europe, Asia.

Sphagnum alegrense Warnst.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, between Los Venados

and Pico Oriental, alt. 1675-2640 m., 55633 in part.

Distribution: Brazil.

This interesting South American endemic has been the subject of

comment by Andrews (Bryol. 44: 158. 1941 and Bryol. 50: 186.

1947). Previously the species was known only from Brazil, but the

above collection along with those recorded from Ptari-tepui and

Cerro Duida indicate that its occurrence in Venezuela is by no

means sporadic.

Sphagnum recurvum Beauv.

LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos,

west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55282.

Distribution: Labrador southward to Florida, Colorado, Washing-

ton to Alaska, South America, Europe, Asia.

Sphagnum gracilescens Hpe.

MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt.

2200-2765 m., 62972.

Distribution: Brazil.

Previously known only from eastern and southeastern Brazil. The

presence of this species along with S. alegrense and S. oxyphyllum

suggests a significant bond between the Venezuelan and Brazilian

floras.

Sphagnum subsecundum Nees.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-

facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt.

2255-2620 m., 58744; dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering

savanna between base of Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1220

m., 60728. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters

of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62702;

valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of

southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven', along

headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62749.

Distribution: cosmopolitan.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 697

Sphagnum meridense (Hpe.) C. M.

ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed

shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peom'a,

above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergan-

"tin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 67594.

Distribution: Florida, West Indies, Central and South America.

Sphagnum oxyphyllum Warnst.

TACHIRA: swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de

Palmar arjd Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, 2

kms. above ^Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m.,

57200. BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing

high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59605.

Distribution: Brazil, Peru, Venezuela.

In a recent paper (Bryol. 50: 185. 1947) Andrews mentions a col-

lection of this species from Mount Duida. These later collections

indicate a more general distribution in the Venezuelan area.

ANDREAEACEAE

Andreaea rupestris Hedw.

LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.

2285-3290 m., 55490.

Distribution: southern South America, Guatemala, Mexico, Ala-

bama to Greenland in the mountains.

This appears to be the first record of this typically alpine species

in northern South America, thus forging another link in the line of

distribution between the Antarctic and the Arctic regions.

FISSIDENTACEAE

Fissidens repandus Wils.

SUCRE: along Rib Guagua, tributary to Rib Manzanares, above

valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62802.

Distribution: Florida, Mexico, Guatemala, West Indies, Mt. Chim-

borazo.

Fissidens muriculatus Spr.

MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.

950 m., 62288.

Distribution: Guatemala, West Indies, Brazil.

698 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Fissidens polypodioides Hedw.

ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peoni'a, above "Carmelita," between Rio

Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m.,

Distribution: southeastern United States, Mexico, West Indies,

Central and South America.

DICRANACEAE

Dicranella tovariensis (C. M.) Jaeg.

BOLIVAR: Ptan-tepui, along base of east^facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59918a.

Endemic.

I have seen no authentic material of this species, but the above

plants agree with the original description except that the setae are

pale yellow. The peristome teeth are coarsely scabrous and ob-

liquely striolate below, thus departing widely not only from D. Perro-

tettii, but from any other species of Dicranella I am familiar with.

Dicranella sp.

MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita,

alt. 2745-3045 m., 57098.

Sterile, not determinable.

Campy lop us Chrism ari (C. M.) Mitt.

MERIDA: near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between

Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m», 55919;

Laguna Mucubaji, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655 m.t 57503.

LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285*

3290 m., 55452, 55453. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing

steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of

cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62601a, 62602a. MIRANDA: ascent of

Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62969.

Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica.

Although not recorded before from South America, these collections

meet all the requirements of C. Chris mar i. The wide border of

elongated cells at the leaf base, the entire, tubulose, setaceous leaf

points toothed only at the extreme apex, and the entire calyptrae

point conclusively to this species and no other.

Campy lop us flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid.

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59877, 59885; base of east-facing sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59918. LARA: moist cloud forest on

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 699

south- and south west- facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposen-

tos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-2575 m., 55229; between Bueno^s

Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55484. ANZOA-

TEGUI: among shrubby dwarfed growth along knife-edge crest of

ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonia, above Santa Cruz, headwaters

of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61644.

Distribution: southern United States, Mexico, Central America,

Europe.

The aKove collections are all referable to C. flexuosus in a

broad sense. The relatively thick-walled, rectangular cells of the

leaf base, larger toward the costa and gradually narrower toward the

margins will define the species in spite of the variations in size

and structure.

Campylopus Jameson! (Hook.) Jaeg.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-

facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-

2620 m., 58752. ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of

Cerro Peonia, above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,

east of Berganti'n, alt. 2350 m., 61688b. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro,

above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180

m., 62111.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia.

The more numerous, smaller and more deeply colored alar cells

will separate this species from C. concolor, which, although a fre-

quent species in Venezuela, does not appear in Steyermark's col-

lections.

Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumi quire, moist savanna-like portion of broad

ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak,

alt. -2200 m., 62662.

Distribution: cosmopolitan.

Campylopus Richard! Brid.

BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the

summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58884. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire,

north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone

to summit of cerro, alt.^ 2360-2500 m., 62607, 626046. TACHIRA:

limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan

boundary, alt. 3045*3475 m., 57365, 57383, 57416. MIRANDA:

ascent of Pico de Naiguata' above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m.,

62954, 62959, 62996, 62997.

Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, South

America.

700 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

This seems to be a characteristic species of exposed crests at

the highest altitudes. The plants grow in extensive blackish mats

and seem to be partial to calcareous outcrops.

Pilopogon gracilis (Hook.) Brid.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad

ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak,

alt. 2200 m., 62660. MERIDA: dry rocky gneissic-granitic slopes,

between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55728*

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

Atractylocarpus longisetus (Hook.) Bartr.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, in valley between base of Cerro de

Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire)

and Cerro de Never!, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000

m., 62726.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, northern South

America.

Dicranodontium denudatum (Brid.) E. G. Britt.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge,

alt. 2100-2620 m., 589246, 58930a. MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de

Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62968.

Distribution: Alaska, eastern United States, Mexico, Guatemala,

Europe.

This species has not been recorded before from South America.

Rhabdoweisia fugax (Hedw.) Bry. Eur. var. tenerrima Bartr.

MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt.

2200-2765 m., 62952a.

Distribution: Guatemala.

These plants consist of a small colony growing with Pohlia spec-

tabilis. In size and texture the plants are in every way similar to

those from Guatemala, but I have not had an opportunity to compare

them with any South American collections of R. fugax.

LEUCOBRYACEAE

Ochrobryum Gardnerianum (C. M.) Mitt.

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp

on south west- facing shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59774.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Brazil.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 701

This collection lacks fruit, but the leucocysts in two layers

throughout the leaf indicate that it belongs here rather than in

Leucobryum.

Octoblepharum Mittenii Jaeg.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Cerro Duida, southeastern-

facing sandstone bluffs near Canb Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),

alt. 1095-1520 m., 58007a.

Distribution: British Honduras, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil.

Carinafolium Tatei Williams

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui', along base of south-facing high sand-

stone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 598 94a.

Endemic.

The rediscovery of this highly interesting endemic is noteworthy.

While the well developed dorsal keel of the leaves is a unique char-

acter, the plants in other respects closely resemble Octoblepharum

in appearance and structure. Unless the sporophyte proves to be

sharply distinctive, I imagine the species will eventually have to be

included in Octoblepharum.

Leucobryum giganteum C. M.

MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de los Salichales, tributary

of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 nu, 56421-

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on south west- facing sandstone ledge,

alt. 2100-2620 m., 58924.

Distribution: Costa Rica, West Indies, northern South America.

Leucobryum albicans (Schwaegr. ) Lindb.

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepuf, lower south-facing slopes, between Rio

Karuai and first ridge above Rio Kaniai, alt. 1220 m., 60666.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Cuba, northern South America, Brazil.

This collection is in fine fniit and shows the unique annulate cap-

sules to good advantage.

Leucobryum antillarum Schp.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumi quire, between eastern and western peaks,

on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-

2500 m., 62670.

Distribution: Florida, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

Leucobryum Polakowskyi (C. M.) Card.

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of east-facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59958.

702 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Jamaica.

Not recorded before from South America.

Leucobryum crisp urn C. M.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Cerro Duida, southeastern-

facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),

alt. 1095-1520 m., 58007. BOLl'vAR: Ptari-tepui, lower south-

facing slopes, between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai,

alt. 1220 m., 60676.

Distribution:. Cuba, Guadeloupe, northern South America.

Leucobryum Marti an urn (Homsch.) Hpe.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: between Esmeralda Sa-

vanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57845;

between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at southeast-

ern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57895; Cerro Duida, forest at

base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano

Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58082; summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675-1800

m., 58380.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, northern South

America.

A typical lowland species, no. 58380 from the summit of Cerro

Duida is an attractive color variant with the leaves purple in the

lower half and yellow above, but differs in no structural particulars

from the specific concept,

CALYMPERACEAE

Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr.

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of south- facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59879. LARA: slopes of mountain between

Santo Domingo and Los Quebraditos, south of Las Sabanetas, above

Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2430-2745 m., 55395, 55396a. MERIDA: be-

tween Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and Rib Capaz, alt.

975 m., 56144; slopes bordering and tributary to Rib Canagua', south-

west of Canagua, alt. 1950-1980 m., 56403.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

A widely distributed, plastic species in tropical America that pre-

sents many vexing taxonomic problems.

Syrrhopodon Gaudichaudii Mont.

LARA: slopes of mountain between Santo Domingo and Los Que-

braditos, south of Las Sabanetas, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2430-

2745 nu, 55383a. BOLIVAR: forested sandstone south-facing slopes

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 703

between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepui^ alt. 1700-

1800 m., 59694. MONAGAS: El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias,

northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62007.

Distribution: West Indies, Costa Rica, northern South America,

Galapagos Islands.

Syrrhopodon Leprieurii Mont.

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZON AS: Cerro Duida, southeastern-

facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),

alt. 1095-1520 m., 58007a. Det. by Dr. Wm. C. Steere.

Distribution: Guiana.

Syrrhopodon lycopodioides (S.W.) C.M.

LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes

at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt.

2530-2575 m., 55264.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, northern and

western South America to Bolivia.

POTTIACEAE

Gymnostomum calcareum Bry. Germ.

SUCRE: along Rib Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, between

Granja Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El

Pamatal, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m., 62795.

Distribution: Newfoundland to California south to West Virginia

and Arizona, Europe, Asia, Africa.

A sterile collection, but apparently referable here through the

size, habit, and leaf structure.

Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix.

MONAGAS: open rocky limestone slopes, summit of Cerro de la

Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt.

1300 m., 61928; Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.

950 m., 62293. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary,

near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 800-1000

m., 61280; cloud forest of Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La

Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Berganti'n and Cerro Peonfa (Cerro

Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 61550; steep forested slopes be-

tween Cerro San Jose and Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt.

1500-1600 m., 67566.

Distribution: Labrador to Alaska south to South Carolina and Cali-

fornia, Guatemala, West Indies.

704 F ELD I AN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Leptodontium filescens (Hpe.) Mitt.

MERIDA: Laguna Mucubaji, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-

3655 m., 57504. MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los

Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62955.

Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia.

Leptodontium subgracile Ren. & Card.

LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.

2285-3290 m., 55492.

Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Peru,

Bolivia.

Hyophila tortula (Schwaegr.) Hpe.

MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of

mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt.

850-1350 m., 61945. SUCRE: along quebrada and hot springs at La

Toma, Municipio San Juan, southeast of Cumana, between San Juan

and Cumana, alt. 40 m., 62856. ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador

and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin,

alt. 800-1000 m., 67286.

Distribution: eastern United States, Arizona, Mexico, West Indies,

Central America, Brazil.

Tortula andicola Mont.

MERIDA: near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between

Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55917.

Distribution: Mexico, Colombia, Bolivia.

GRIMMIACEAE

Rhacomitrium crispilum (H. f. & W.) H. f. & W.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern

peak, alt. 2500 m., 62622. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Para-

mo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55491.

Distribution: Central America to Fuegia, Africa, New Zealand,

New Guinea, Malaysia, Hawaii.

A characteristic species of exposed rocks at high altitudes along

the Cordillera and widely distributed in Austral regions.

FUNARIACEAE

Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. var. calvescens (Schwaegr.) Bry. Eur.

BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the sum-

mit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 705

pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58881.

Distribution: cosmopolitan.

BRYACEAE

Pohlia spectabilis (C. M.) Broth.

MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata', above Los Chorros, alt.

2200-2765 m., 62952, 62970, 62977o.

Distribution: Mexico, Central America, Colombia.

Anomobryum clavicaule (C. M.) Broth.

ME RID A: paramo along upper headwaters of Rib Tormero, below

El Aguila and above Chachopo, alt. 3650-3965 m., 55672.

Distribution: Colombia.

The above determination is based on the original description and

hence only tentative.

Bryum argenteum Hedw.

ME RID A: near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between

Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55913.

Distribution: cosmopolitan.

Bryum cap ill are Hedw.

LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt.

2285-3290 m., 55468.

Distribution: cosmopolitan.

Rhodobryum Beyrichianum (Hornsch.) Par.

MONAGAS: rocky limestone north-facing steep forested slopes of

Cerro Guacharo, above limestone bluffs above La Laguna, between

Guacharo Cave and San Agustin, alt. 1100-1300 m., 62019.

Distribution: Mexico, Central America, South America.

Rhodobryum grandi folium (Tayl.) Par.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado

and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62645a. DISTRITO

FEDERAL: Cordillera de la Costa, seaward-facing north slopes, El

Junquito, alt. 1830-2130 m., 56972. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on

southwest-facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58927.

Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia.

708 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

These collections, together with the record from Mount Duida by

Williams (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 503. 1931), indicate a general

distribution of this unique species on the higher peaks of southern

Venezuela.

RHACOPILACEAE

Rhacopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at

Los Venados, alt. 1444 m., 55111. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep

slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares

(Rio de la Cuesta), along highway between Cumanacoa and Cocollar,

alt. 780-810 m., 62399.

Distribution: wide in the Western Hemisphere from Florida through

the West Indies and Central America to South America.

HEDWIGIACEAE

Rhacocarpus cuspidatulus (C. M.) Par.

BOLfvAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the sum-

mit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and

pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 589 15a, 58917a; Ptari-tepui,

steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on

south-facing part, west of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59839.

MERIDA: near upper limit of pa'ramo, around small lake, between

Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m.,559J8a.

Distribution: Brazil.

These are noteworthy collections of a species previously known

only from eastern Brazil. The lax, relatively thin-walled alar cells

are sharply distinctive as compared with R. Humboldtii.

Rhacocarpus Humboldtii (Hook.) Lindb.

BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north

and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58857; summit of

Mount Roraima, on southern half, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58893.

Distribution: wide at high altitudes in Mexico, Costa Rica, West

Indies, South America.

PRIONODONTACEAE

Prionodon densus (Hedw.) C. M.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad

in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,

625446, 62547, 62549o. LARA: between Buenos Aires to Canyon of

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 709

El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55523. AN-

ZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonfa (Cerro

Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales,

east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61686a.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

Prionodon lycopodiuni (C. M.) Jaeg.

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59888. MERIDA: dry rocky gneis sic-granitic

slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55716;

rich moist woods, Los Quebraditos, above Jaji, alt. 2590 m., 55985.

ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peojii'a

(Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manan-

tiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61685.

Distribution: Colombia.

These collections are more robust than P. densus with longer

ciliate-like teeth along the leaf margins, but until the numerous

species have been carefully resolved, it is impossible to apply

names with any satisfaction.

PTEROBRYACEAE

Orthostichidium excavatum (Mitt.) Broth.

MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Gua'charo, alt.

950 m., 62311a.

Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil.

If this species and O. pentagonum (Hpe. & Lor.) C. M. are, as I

suspect, synonymous, the range would include Central America and

Mexico.

Orthostichopsis tetragona (Hedw.) Broth.

ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence

of Rio Leo'n with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 400-500

m., 67229.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

METEORIACEAE

Squamidium nigricans (Hook.) Broth.

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-

west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62080, 62082b, 62125a.

708 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

These collections, together with the record from Mount Duida by

Williams (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 503. 1931), indicate a general

distribution of this unique species on the higher peaks of southern

Venezuela.

RHACOPILACEAE

Rhacopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at

Los Venados, alt. 1444 m., 55111. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep

slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares

CRio de la Cuesta), along highway between Cumanacoa and Cocollar,

alt. 780-810 m., 62399.

Distribution: wide in the Western Hemisphere from Florida through

the West Indies and Central America to South America.

HEDWIGIACEAE

Rhacocarpus cuspidatulus (C. M.) Par.

BOLfvAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the sum-

mit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and

pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 589 15a, 589 17a; Ptari-tepuf,

steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on

south-facing part, west of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59839.

MERIDA: near upper limit of pa'ramo, around small lake, between

Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m.,55978o.

Distribution: Brazil.

These are noteworthy collections of a species previously known

only from eastern Brazil. The lax, relatively thin-walled alar cells

are sharply distinctive as compared with R. Humbjldtii.

Rhacocarpus Humboldtii (Hook.) Lindb.

BOLIVAR: summit of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north

and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58857; summit of

Mount Roraima, on southern half, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58893.

Distribution: wide at high altitudes in Mexico, Costa Rica, West

Indies, South America.

PRIONODONTACEAE

Prionodon densus (Hedw.) C. M.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad

in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2 100-2200 m.,

62544b, 62547, 62549a. LARA: between Buenos Aires to Canyon of

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 709

El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55523. AN-

ZO ATE GUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonfa (Cerro

Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales,

east of Bergantfn, alt. 2350 m., 61686a.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

Prionodon lycopodium (C. M.) Jaeg.

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59888. MERIDA: dry rocky gneis sic-granitic

slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55716;

rich moist woods, Los Quebraditos, above Jaji, alt. 2590 m., 55985.

ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia

(Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manan-

tiales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 2350 m., 61685.

Distribution: Colombia.

These collections are more robust than P. densus with longer

ciliate-like teeth along the leaf margins, but until the numerous

species have been carefully resolved, it is impossible to apply

names with any satisfaction.

PTEROBRYACEAE

Orthostichidium excavatum (Mitt.) Broth.

MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Gua'charo, alt.

950 m., 62311a.

Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil.

If this species and O. pentagonum (Hpe. & Lor.) C. M. are, as I

suspect, synonymous, the range would include Central America and

Mexico.

Orthostichopsis tetragona (Hedw.) Broth.

ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence

of Rio Leo'n with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 400-500

m., 67229.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

METEORIACEAE

Squamidium nigricans (Hook.) Broth.

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-

west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62080, 620826, 62125a.

710 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

TACHIRA: rich steep wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bra-

mon and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57465. MERIDA: woods

above Las Quadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt.

1820-2255 m., 55799.

Distribution: wide in Mexico, Central America, West Indies, South

America.

Squamidium leucotrichum (Tayl.) Broth.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera de la Costa, seaward-facing

north slopes, El Junquito, alt. 1830-2130 m., 56969. SUCRE:

Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from be-

ginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62594.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, South America.

Pilotrichella viridis (C. M.) Jaeg.

ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rib Leon of Quebrada

Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m.,

61131.

Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia.

Pilotrichella flexilis (Hedw.) Jaeg.

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-

west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 621 lib.

Distribution: wide and frequent in Mexico, West Indies, Central

America, South America.

Papillaria nigrescens (Hedw.) Jaeg.

MONAGAS: edge of cafetal, below limestone bluffs, Cerro de la

Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt.

1000 m., 61882; Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Gua'charo, alt.

950 m., 62312. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon

of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt.

500-600 m., 61127.

Distribution: wide and frequent throughout the North American

tropics.

Meteoriopsis remotifolia (Hornsch.) Broth.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested slopes- be-

tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255

m., 5897 lb. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sand-

stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.

2360-2500 m., 62585d.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 711

Meteoriopsis patula (Hedw.) Broth.

ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada

Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m.,

61129.

Distribution: Florida, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

PHYLLOGONIACEAE

Eucatagonium politutn (H. f. & W.) Broth.

MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata', above Los Chorros, alt.

2200-2765 m., 62967, 62978. MERIDA: near upper limit of paramo,

around small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El

Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55975, 55976.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, South America, Australia,

Tasmania, New Zealand.

NECKERACEAE

Neckera jamesoni Tayl.

MERIDA: dry rocky gneissic-granitic slopes, between Timotes

and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 557 17a.

Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Chile.

This is one of a group of closely related species ranging from

Mexico through Central America and western South America to Chile

that needs careful revision.

Porotrichum plicatulum Mitt.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-

dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,

62546o. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of

Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt.

500-600 m., 61138; along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of

Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61289a.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Trinidad, and probably

Brazil.

Porotrichum fasciculatum (Sw.) Mitt.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, south west- facing forested slopes be-

tween Rondo'n Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 ro«»

589 69d. MERIDA: Montana de San Jacinto, on north side of Rio

Chama, opposite Me'rida, alt. 2195-2375 m., 56682. SUCRE: Cerro

Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of

southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62638 b.

712 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Distribution: West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia,

Brazil.

LEMBOPHYLLACEAE

Rigodium gracile Ren. & Card.

TRUJILLO: La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below pa'ramo

and ridge top, by boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo,

alt. 2600-2800 m., 55328.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica.

HOOKERIACEAE

Adelothecium bogotense (Hpe.) Mitt.

LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes

at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-

2375 m., 55253.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, northern South

America.

Cyclodictyon capillatum (Mitt.) Broth.

ME RID A: slopes bordering and tributary to Rio Canagua, south-

west of Canagua, alt. 1950-1980 m., 56404.

Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

Cyclodictyon albicans (Hedw.) Broth.

ANZOA'TEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of

Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61285.

Distribution: Mexico, Central America, West Indies, Trinidad,

Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia.

Callicn stella aspera Mitt.

BOLIVAR: wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa

Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rib Mouak),

alt. 1065-1220 m., 60418.

Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador.

Hookeriopsis falcata (Hook.) Jaeg.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-

facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt.

2255-2620 m., 58747. DlSTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila,

between Los Venados and Pico Oriental, alt. 1675-2640 m., 55631a.

Distribution: Guadeloupe, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia,

Ecuador, Bolivia.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 713

Hookeriopsis crispa (C. M.) Jaeg.

/

BOLIVAR^: Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested slopes be-

tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m.

58977.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia,

Brazil.

Hookeriopsis incurva (Hook. & Grev.) Broth.

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepm, lower south-facing slopes, between Rib

Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60680.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, West Indies, South

America.

Lepidopilum Mulleri (Hpe.) Mitt.

BOLIVAR: Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60092.

Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador.

Hypnella pilifera (Hook. & Wils.) Jaeg.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-

facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-

2620 m., 58737a; same locality, 58924c, 589306.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil.

Neohypnella chrysophyllopodia (C. M.) Bartr.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge,

alt. -2 100- 2620 m., 58926«.

Distribution: Trinidad, British Guiana, Venezuela.

This species was recorded from Mount Duida by Williams (Bull.

Torr. Bot. Club 58: 503. 1931) as Hypnella pilotrichelloides Broth.

These species are discussed in the "Costa Rican Mosses" (Con-

trib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 26, no. 3: 104-105. 1928).

LEUCOMIACEAE

L.eucomium attenuatum Mitt.

MONAGAS: El Pa'ramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of

Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62037.

Distribution: St. Vincent.

HYPOPTERYGIACEAE

Hypopterygium flavescens Hpe.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above' La Trini-

dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,

714 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

62546. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, south west- facing forested slopes

between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255

m., 58954. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above

Caracas, on south-facing dryish slopes just west of Los Flores, alt.

1675 m., 55131.

Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil, Peru.

The distinctions between this species and the widespread H. tama-

riscinum (Hedw.) Brid. are by no means clear. I have little doubt

but that eventually H. flavescens will be reduced to synonymy.

LESKEACEAE

Rauia subcatenulata (Schp.) Broth.

MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.

950 m., 62310.

Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica.

Thuidium pauperum (C. M.) Mitt.

ANZOATEGUI: headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila

Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin,

alt. 900-1400 m., 61717.

Endemic.

Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Mitt.

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-

west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62087. ANZOATEGUh forested

slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tributary of Rio Neveri, between

"Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000

m., 61440; cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro

Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,

east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61683. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire,

between headwaters of Rib Colorado and summit of southern peak,

alt. 2200-2400 m., 62645a. MERIDA: dry rocky gneis sic-granitic

slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285*3500 m., 55717,

5 5 73 la.

Distribution: Canada, United States, Mexico, West Indies, Cen-

tral America, South America.

Thuidium acuminatum Mitt.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, southwest- facing forested slopes be-

tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255

m., 58970a. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sand-

stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.

2360-2500 m., 6258Sa.f ANZO/TEGUI: cloud forest on wooded

summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,

headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m.,

67679.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 715

Distribution: Jamaica, Dutch Guiana.

In this species the long acuminate stem leaves are not always

correlated with the branch leaves showing low, erect papillae. It

is not as distinct from T. delicatulum as one might imagine from

the description. As in so many species of the Section Euthuidium,

the diagnostic characters are neither sharp or constant.

AMBLYSTEGIACEAE

Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Wamst.

MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de los Salichales, tributary

of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56414.

Distribution: wide in Canada, United States, Guatemala, Europe,

Asia, Africa.

BRACHYTHECIACEAE

Pleuropus Bonplandii (Hook.) Broth.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-

dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,

62555.

Distribution: Texas, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) Bry. Ear.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, forest along stream at base of Cerro

de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire),

alt. 2000-2100 m., 62740.

Distribution: Canada, United States, Guatemala, almost cosmo-

politan.

Eurhynchium clinocarpum (Tayl.) Par.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-

dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,

62545.

Distribution: Guiana, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil.

Eurhynchium riparioides (Hedw.) Richards

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, forest along stream at base of Cerro

de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire),

alt. 2000-2100 m., 62747. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio^Maravilla, be-

tween Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantih, alt. 900 m.,

61708. LARA: between Buenos Aires to Canyon of El Callado,

above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55454.

716 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Distribution: wide from Canada and United States through Mexico,

Central America, West Indies and South America, also Europe, Asia,

Africa.

ENTODONTACEAE

Erythrodontium squarrosum (C. M.) Par.

MONAGAS: Gua'charo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.

950 m., 62308.

Distribution: Mexico, Central America, South America.

Entodon Hampeanus C. M.

MONAGAS: Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt.

950 m., 62307, 6231 la. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila,

above Caracas, at Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55110.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

SEMATOPHYLLACEAE

S em atop h> Hum sub simplex (Hedw.) Mitt.

AN ZO ATE GUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-

tary of Rio Never!, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast

of Bergantm, alt. 900-1000 m., 61439.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

Sematophyllum decumbens (Wils.) Mitt.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-

dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,

62566. TRUJILLO: La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below

paramo and ridge top, by boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humo-

caro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55330.

Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil.

Sematophyllum flaccidifolium C. M. (?)

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-

facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-

2620 m., 58745.

Distribution: Trinidad.

Sematophyllum caespitosum (Hedw.) Mitt.

BOLIVAR: along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepuf, west of

La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60774. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera

del Avila, above Caracas, at Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55108.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 717

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Cerro Duida, forest at base

of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),

alt. '260 m., 58062.

Distribution: Florida, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

Sematophyllum cuspififerum Mitt.

BOLIVAR: wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between

Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rib

Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60419.

Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Ecuador.

HYPNACEAE

Hypnum amabile (Mitt.) Broth.

ME RID A: dry rocky gneis sic-granitic slopes, between Timotes

and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55731.

Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia.

Mittenothamnium reptans (Hedw.) Card.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge,

alt. '2100-2620 m., 58925. MERIDA: between Hacienda Agua Blanca

above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56147.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South

America.

Mittenothamnium Lehmannii (Besch.) Card.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge,

alt. 2100-2620 m., 58924d.

Puiggariella aurifolia (Mitt.) Broth.

BOLIVAR: lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio

Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 nu,

60581.

Distribution: Guatemala, Brazil.

Ctenidium malacodes Mitt.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini-

dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,

62556.

Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Colombia,

Ecuador, Pern.

718 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

DIPHYSCIACEAE

Diphyscium Fendleri C. M.

MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de los Salichales, tributary

of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56439.

Endemic.

POLYTRICHACEAE

Pogonatum semipellucidum (Hpe.) Mitt.

MERIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing

slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de los Torritos, tribu-

tary to Rib Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 6 kms. southwest of

Canagua', alt. 1925-2075 m., 56387.

Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador.

Pogonatum purpurascens (Hpe.) Mitt.

MERIDA: rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro

and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Rio Capuri, between Canagua' and

El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56492.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia.

The plants here are unusually small, but show the structural char-

acteristics attributed to this species.

Polytrichum commune Hedw.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-

facing slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58642.

Distribution: almost cosmopolitan, but not recorded before be-

tween southern United States and Brazil.

Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw.

BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest-

facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255*

2620 m., 58752o. TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of

Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58242o. SUCRE:

Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and

zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62498. MONAGAS: Cerro

Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt.

1500-2180 m., 62114.

Distribution: wide throughout North and South America, Europe,

Asia, Africa, Oceanica, in the tropics only at high altitudes.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 719

PTERIDOPHYTA41

DUIDA

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

LOWLAND SPECIES

Trichomanes Hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze.

Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida

alt. '200 m., 57792a.

Trichomanes pilosum Raddi.

Swampy woods, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base

of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57833; terrestrial on banks, fronds erect,

forest at base of southeastern slopes, alt. 260 m., 58073.

Trichomanes Spruceanum Hook.

Terrestrial, in clumps in swampy woods, between Esmeralda Sa-

vanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57823.

Agrees very well with the original illustration of the type (from San

Gabriel on the Rio Negro). The species is otherwise represented

in the National Herbarium from Isla de Rato'n, Amazonas, Venezuela

.(L. Williams 13233) and Esmeralda (L. Williams 16174). The other

specimens collected by Williams which have been identified as T.

Spruceanum (nos. 13911, 14278, and 14434) are T. heterophyllum

Humb. & Bonpl.

Trichomanes Trollii Bergdolt.

Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of

Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57941.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Hymenophyllum Fendlerianum Sturm.

Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58196.

This is the species listed in the report of the Tyler-Duida Expedi-

tion as H. crispum H.B.K. The species listed in the report as H.

sericeum Swartz is H. Karstenianum Sturm.

Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz.

Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58000, 58003. A depauperate

form, probably that alluded to in the Tyler-Duida report as H. brevi-

frons Kunze.

41By.C. V. Morton

720 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Trichomanes cellulosum Klotzsch.

Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095*1520 m., 58010; on bluffs along stream,

along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills,

summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675 m., 58101.

Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf.

Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095*1520 m., 58005; epiphyte, along valley

forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills, summit of Duida,

alt. 1675 m., 5811 7; terrestrial, in moist pockets of rocks, along

rocky banks of Cano Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna

Hills, summit of Duida, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58207.

Trichomanes sp.

Terrestrial, fronds erect on an erect caudex 1-5 in. high,

southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of

Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58017.

HYMENOPHYLLOPSIDACEAE

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Hymenophyllopsis asplenioides A. C. Smith.

On southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tribu-

tary of Cano Iguapo), altl 1095-1520 m., 58100; along rocky banks of

Cano Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna Hills, summit of

Duida, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58216. Previously known only from the

type, collected on Cerro Duida by Tate (no. 439). Dr. Steyermark's

ample collections are of great interest, for the genus Hymenophyl-

lopsis is one of the rarest of the fern genera, the two known species

being confined to the summits of Mount Roraima and Cerro Duida.

The distinctions between H. asplenioides and H. dejecta as orig-

inally adduced seem not to hold, for no. 58216 cited above has the

rather long stipe, narrow segments, and greater dissection thought

to characterize H. dejecta. Hymenophyllopsis asplenioides seems

amply distinct in its smaller rhizome scales, absence of scales on

the rhachises, and more sharply toothed indusia.

POLYPODIACEAE

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Dryopteris sancti-gabrieli (Hook.) Kuntze.

Terrestrial, fronds firmly membranaceous, dull green above,

southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo

Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57958; fronds erect, forest at base of south-

eastern'slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt.

260 m., 58077.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 721

Oleandra duidae A. C. Smith

On bluff, between Agiiita and summit, alt. 1650 m., 58397. The

same or a very similar species grows in El Valle and Choco'in

western Colombia.

Lindsaea Feei C. Chr.

Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58137.

Lindsaea guianensis (Aubl.) Dryand. (?)

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58095. The specimens are small and

may be juvenile or depauperate.

Asplenium cuneatum Lam.

Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano

Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57964.

Asplenium radicans L.

Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano

Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57983.

Pteris Fraseri Mett.

Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano

Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57982. Previously known only from Colom-

bia and Ecuador.

Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum (L.) Sadeb.

Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58283.

Polypodium consimile Mett.

Fronds pendent, dull green above, on bluffs of southeastern-facing

slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt. 305-1095

m., 57993.

Polypodium dicranophyllum C. Chr.

(Grammitis furcata Hook. & Grev.).

Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 57997.

Polypodium haplophlebicum A. C. Smith.

Along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills,

summit of Duida, alt. 1675 m., 58118. A topotype.

Polypodium megalophyllum Desv.

Rhizomes thickened, climbing, appressed to tree tnmk, the scales

buff-silvery, fronds subcoriaceous, deep green above, forest at base

of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo),

alt. 260 m., 58074. A characteristic species of the Amazon basin.

722 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Elaphoglossum discolor (Kiihn) C. Chr.

(E. sancti-gabrieli Christ).

Fronds subcoriaceous-chartaceous, on boulders and cliffs of

southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of

Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 57998. Agrees fairly well with a

cotype (US) from Panure', Rio Vaupes, Colombia. The species is

near E. pteropus C. Chr.

Elaphoglossum plumosum (Fee) Moore.

Fronds erect, subcoriaceous, pale grass-green above, buff-brown

below, on sandstone boulder of southeastern-facing slopes along

Caffo Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57949.

Elaphoglossum rigidum (Aublet) Urban.

Fronds stiff-coriaceous, deep green on both sides, on bluffs or

boulders of south eastern- facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro

(tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58004.

GLEICHENIACEAE

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching.

Common, on high moist ridge top, summit of Cerro Duida, alt.

1820-2075 m., 58338.

Dicranopteris pectinata (Willd.) Underw.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58069. Lowland species, widespread

in tropical America.

SCHIZAEACEAE

LOWLAND SPECIES

Schizaea elegans var. flabellum (Mart.) Prantl.

Terrestrial, between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro),

at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57896.

Schizaea incurvata Schkuhr.

Open dry places, Esmeralda Ridge, between Esmeralda and base

of Cerro Duida, alt. 150 m., 57748; Sabana de Arboles, at southeast-

ern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 5790 5a.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA ~ IV 723

LYCOPODIACEAE

LOWLAND SPECIES

Lycopodium alopecuroides var. integerrimum Spring.

Stems creeping on wet part of savanna, between Esmeralda Ridge

and Tree Savanna, southeast of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57786.

Lycopodium Carolinian uni var. meridionale (Underw. & Lloyd) Nes-

sel & Hoehne.

Stems prostrate, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern

base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57798.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Lycopodium duidae A. C. Smith.

Stems prostrate on wet ground along streambank, Brocchinia Hills,

summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58144. Previously known

only from the type collection.

SELAGINELLACEAE42

LOWLAND SPECIES

Selaginella asperula Spring.

(S. avails Baker).

Creeping along ground among rocks, Esmeralda Ridge, between Es-

meralda and base of Cerro Duida, alt. 150 m., 57742.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Selaginella potarensis Jenm.

On moist southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro

(tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 57999.

Selaginella scalariformis A. C. Smith.

Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58223.

A topotype.

42By A. H. G. Alston

724 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

RORAIMA

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Hymenophyllum farallonen.se Hieron.

Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base

of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58952. The specimen agrees

fairly well with an isotype (US) from the Farallones de Cali,

Colombia.

Hymenophyllum Gollmeri v.d. Bosch.

On northwest portion of summit, north and northwest of Summit

Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58864. Identified from description.

Hymenophyllum trichophyllum H.B.K.

On southern half of the summit between Summit Camp, Great Cen-

tral Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740

m., 58907- This is the species erroneously identified by Baker as

H. lineare Swartz. The rare endemic species H. roraimense Morton

was not found by Dr. Steyermark.

Hymenophyllum Lambertianum Hook.

Under shaded ledges around margin of pond at southern end on

southern half of summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58906. A rare species,

known otherwise from a few collections from Colombia and Peru at

similar elevations.

Trichomanes plumosum Kunze.

Terrestrial, fronds erect, dark green, southwest-facing forested

slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt.

2040-2255 m., 58981. From a photograph of the type collection

(Schomburgk 271 from British Guiana) T. accedens Presl. seems to

be the same.

Trichomanes roraimense Jenm.

Crevices or shade of bluffs of "morros," on northwest portion of

summit north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m.,

5887 7. , A topotype. The species seems to differ from related spe-

cies of the T. crispum alliance by the large immersed involucres

with the surrounding leaf tissue extending at the sides into two

"horns."

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 725

HYMENOPHYLLOPSIDACEAE

Hymenophyllopsis dejecta Goebel.

On northwest portion of summit, north and northwest of Summit

Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58879, 58820a; on southern half of the

summit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp,

and pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58874, 58875. A fine

series of a rare species.

CYATHEACEAE

Cyathea aureonitens Christ.

"Ene-bi-gi." Trunk 15 ft. high, 3-4 in. in diameter, spiny with

black, upwardly pointing spines, fronds erect-ascending, on

southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of

sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58989. This species, previous-

ly known from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, belongs to a

small group of species, including C. Sprucei and C. oxyacantha

among others, characterized by the peculiar stipe scales (with dark

central stripes and broad, white, crispate-undulate margins), sharp

black spines, and pectinate scales on the costules.

Alsophila Gleasonii Maxon.

"Ene-bi-gi-yek." Terrestrial along stream in woods, fronds dull

green above, dull silvery-green beneath, Gran Sabana, at base of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58586. Previously known only

from the original collection from Rockstone, British Guiana (Glea-

son 830).

POLYPODIACEAE

Dryopteris amplissima var. subeffusa C. Chr.

Acaulescent, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon

Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58966. A

topotype.

Asplenium radicans L. var. partitum (Klotzsch) Hieron.

Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of

sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58740.

Blechnum pteropus Kunze.

Terrestrial, fronds subcoriaceous-chartaceous, deep green above,

silvery or pale green below, southwest-facing forested slopes be-

tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255

m., 58967.

726 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Blechnum Schomburgkii (Klotzsch) C. Chr.

On erect caudex 2 ft. tall and 4-5 in. in diameter, leaves ascend-

ing or erect from crown, coriaceous, the segments revolute, deep

green above, silvery-whitish below, the scales of stipe base deep

brown, those of midrib ferruginous, ascent of ledge along southwest-

facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255*

2620 m., 58775. A topotype.

Pterozonium.

The species of this genus will be treated in a separate paper.

Hypolepis guianensis Klotzsch.

Terrestrial, forming thickets and dense tangles, fronds up to 15 ft.

long, membranaceous, grass-green, southwest-facing forested slopes

between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255

m., 58993. Although the present specimen, which is large and ap-

parently mature, although sterile, does not agree altogether with the

original description, I have little doubt but that it represents H.

guianensis, which has been known previously only from the type

(Schomburgk 1166 from Mount Roraima), which was probably a speci-

men from a juvenile or depauperate plant. There is no authentic mate-

rial in the U.S. National Herbarium or the New York Botanical Garden,

nor, according to Dr. Maxon's notes, at Kew or the British Museum.

Cochlidium Connellii (Baker) A. C. Smith.

Fronds firmly membranaceous to subcoriaceous, grass-green on

both sides, on bluffs in shade on northwest portion of summit north

and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58811. Topotype.

An exceedingly rare plant.

Polypodium anfractuosum Kunze.

Forested south west- facing quebrada near Rondo'n Camp, alt. 2040-

2130 m., 58710; ascent of ledge along south west- facing side, alt.

2100-2255 m., 58731. Uncommon, but rather widely distributed.

Polypodium induens Maxon is very near it.

Polypodium asplenifolium L.

Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base

of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58988. A common West In-

dian species, not reported from the Guianas by Posthumus.

Polypodium discolor Hook, (ex char.).

Fronds gray-silvery, under dry ledges on exposed rocky surface

near the Great Central Rift, on southern half of the summit, alt.

2700-2740 m., 58882. Apparently this species has been known only

frpm the original collection— Schomburgk 1031 from British Guiana

(probably Mount Roraima). It belongs to the group containing P. fari-

nosum, P. Pearcei, and others.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 727

Polypodium taxifolium L.

Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondo'n Camp and base

of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58953.

Polypodium xanthotrichium Klotzsch.

Pendent epiphyte, forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon

Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58703. A rare endemic.

Elaphoglossum cordigerum Christ.

Fronds upright, crisnate-margined, firmly membranaceous, on mossy

log, forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt.

2040-2130 m., 58702. Agrees absolutely with an isotype (US) of the

synonymous E. lineare var. Klotzschii Hieron. (Moritz 419, from

Colonia Tovaf, Venezuela). My treatment of Elaphoglossum is ten-

tative, for the species are very numerous and little known. The

present species is doubtless that from Mount Roraima referred by Pos-

thumus to the African E. Aubertii (Desv.) Moore.

Elaphoglossum plumosum (Fee) Moore.

Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rib Kukenan,

at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58587.

Elaphoglossum sp.

Ascent of ledge along south west- facing side, from beginning of

sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58734. A dwarf form

not matched in the U.S. National Herbarium. It does not appear to

be any species recorded from Mount Roraima.

GLEICHENIACEAE

Sticherus revolutus (H.B.K.) Ching.

Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base

of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58984. Apparently not re-

ported from Mount Roraima, although some specimens referred by Pos-

thumus to Gleichenia furcata may belong here. The species occurs

throughout the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia.

Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw.

"Itu-yek." Southwest-facing slopes bordered by hilly savanna,

alt. 1030-1155 m., 58604; northwest portion of summit norrh and

northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58863.

Hicriopteris Bancroft!! (Hook.) Ching.

(Gleichenia Bancroftii Hook.)

Stems dark gray-blue, glaucous, elongate, up to 15 feet long, form-

ing thickets difficult to penetrate, fronds membranaceous, grass-

green above, pale green below, southwest-facing forested slopes

between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255

728 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

m., 58991. A slight eastward extension of range. Known previously

in South America from Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, to Bolivia. Ap-

parently local and uncommon.

SCHIZAEACEAE

Anemia flexuosa Swartz.

"Ene-bi-shik." Among rocks, Glycon Swamp and vicinity,

southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58632.

Anemia millefolia Gardn.

"Honday-yar-i'ng (lugar de despoblado de monte). " Stems upright,

among rocks in dry savanna, Gran Sabana, bordering stream tributary

to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 11 85-1280 m., 58577.

Previously known from the province of Tolima, Colombia, and the

states of Goyaz and Matto Grosso, Brazil.

LYCOPODIACEAE

Lycopodium carolinianum var. meridionale (Underw. & Lloyd) Nes-

sel & Hoehne.

Plant creeping, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing

slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58636.

Lycopodium Eichleri Glaziou.

Stems erect, on south west- facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620

m., 58935. Agrees fairly well with a fragment of the type (US) from

Rio de Janeiro ( Glaziou 4478).

Lycopodium iuliforme Underw. & Lloyd.

Stems prostrate, on northwest portion of summit north and north-

west of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58808. A topotype.

Lycopodium reflexum Lam.

Terrestrial, stems erect, forested southwest-facing quebrada near

Rondon Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58712.

Lycopodium roraimense Underw. & Lloyd.

Pendent epiphyte from mossy trunk, leaves pale green, firmly mem-

branaceous, ascent of ledge along southwest- facing side, from be-

ginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58749.

A topotype.

Lycopodium Tatei A. C. Smith.

"Paru-yaricu". " Stems creeping, Emerald Swamp, southwest-facing

slopes, alt. 1520 m., 58610. A topotype.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 729

ISOETACEAE

Isoetes Killipii Morton.

Submerged in water 1-2 ft. deep, leaves pale grass-green, on

southern half of the summit in pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740

m., 58914. An unexpected extension of the range of this recently

described species, otherwise known only from the Pa'ramo de Purace,

El Cauca, Colombia. The present specimens have the velum vesti-

gial and the megaspores slightly smaller, but do not seem to differ

otherwise.

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE43

Ophioglossum ellipticum Hooker & Greville.

Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukena'n and Santa

Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59286. The date

of collection is October 3, 1944, at which time the sporangia were

mature. This is my first record from Venezuela, although I have

records from both north (in British Honduras) and east (in the

Guianas) of there.

PTARI-TEPUI

The present enumeration lists 78 species of ferns and 9 species

of fern allies. Of these 71 were collected on Ptari-tepui itself.

The primary relationship of the fern flora is perhaps with that of the

eastern Andes of the region of Me'rida, but there seems also to be a

relationship with that of Mount Roraima, which is shown especially in

the presence of Trichomanes roraimense and Cochlidium Connellii,

known only from Mount Roraima and Ptari-tepui. A general relation-

ship with the flora of the Guianas is.shown in the abundance of spe-

ies of Lindsaea, particularly in the presence of L. Parkeri and L.

reniformis.

The small collection from Sororopan-tepui (6 numbers only) is

notable for a specimen of Gymnogramma Schomburgkiana, previously

known only from Mount Roraima. The still smaller collection from

Carrao-tepm contains a specimen of the peculiar climbing Lindsaea

tenuis, a plant known otherwise only from Mount Roraima, and prob-

ably only from the original collections of Schomburgk. None of the

characteristic ferns of Cerro Duida are found on any of these moun-

tains, but one of the fern allies, Lycopodium duidae, was collected

on Ptari-tepui.

43By Robert T. Clausen

730 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Hymenophyllum apiculatum Mett.

Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt.

1615 m«, 60228. Known definitely otherwise only from the original

collection from Colonia Tovar, Venezuela (Fendler 32, isotype US).

Distinguished from depauperate forms of H. polyanthos by the large,

acute, deeply immersed indusia.

Hymenophyllum Fendlerianum Sturm.

Lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui^ alt. 1675-1980 m.,

60872; Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone

just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59813. Wide-

spread but uncommon species, distinctive by reason of its minute,

strongly undulate-crisp ate, segments.

Hymenophyllum fucoides (Swartz) Swartz.

Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,

along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m.,

59530.

Hymenophyllum hirsutura (L.) Swartz sensu Morton, Contr. U.S.

Nat. Herb. 29: 155.^1947.

(H. ciliatum Swartz).

Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,

along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m.,

59528.

Hymenophyllum Karstenianum Sturm.

Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,

on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59515.

Hymenophyllum microcarpum Desv.

Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overly-

ing sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59559.

Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz.

Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de

Kavanayen and Rib Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m., 60447. Depauperate

plants.

Hymenophyllum trichophyllum H.B.K.

Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-

lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone

bluffs, alt. -2285-2405 m., 59578.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 731

Trichomanes cellulosum Klotzsch.

On dripping, shaded, mossy slopes in woods, upper slopes of

Carrao-tepih', alt. 2130-2430 m., 60882; terrestrial in deep shape

under boulder, Ptari-tepui, Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-

facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59758.

Trichomanes crinitum Swartz.

In crevices of bluffs, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio

Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava-

nayen, alt. 1220 m., 60489. Extremely rare in South America. The

specimens agree well with Jamaican plants.

Trichomanes diaphanum H.B.K.

Epiphyte, Ptari-tepul, at base of and on main south-facing high

sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59618.

Trichomanes macilentum v. d. Bosch.

Dripping, shaded, mossy slopes in woods, upper slopes of Carrao-

tepui, 60881. A little-known species, suggesting T. arbuscula, but

with a creeping rhizome and distant fronds.

Trichomanes pedicellatum Desv.

Climbing, appressed to tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, south-facing dense-

ly forested slopes between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy

Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59458.

Trichomanes plumosum Kunze.

Terrestrial, fronds erect, Ptari-tepui', on densely forested steep

south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"

and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m-, 59551; fronds

erect, crevices of shaded bluffs, same locality, alt. 2285-2405 m.,

59565.

Trichomanes roraimense Jenm.

Fronds erect, terrestrial, in shade under boulder, Ptari-tepui,

Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-

2200 m., 59757. Known otherwise only from Mount Roraima.

Trichomanes spp.

Nos. 59407, 59693, and 60476.

DICKSONIACEAE

Culcita coniifolia (Hook.) Maxon.

Fronds acaulescent, stipes arising at ground surface,^ fronds firm-

ly membranaceous, dull green on both sides, Ptari-tepui', along base

of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59954. A

widespread species, originally described from "Caracas."

732 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

CYATHEACEAE

Cyathea meridensis Karst.

Trunk 5-6 ft. tall, 3-4 in. in diameter, prickly, Ptari-tepui, on

densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,

between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt.

2285-2405 m., 59588. This species, not previously represented in

the U.S. National Herbarium, was originally found in the mountains

of Me'rida, Venezuela, at an elevation of 2000 meters. The specimen

at hand agrees well with Karsten's description. The species differs

from C. petiolulata in its dark brown, concolorous rhizome scales.

Cyathea petiolulata Karst.

Ptari-tepuf, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just

northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59811. Described

originally from material collected in the mountains of Me'rida at ele-

vations from 2000 to 2500 meters. The rhizome scales have a cas-

taneous central stripe a^id conspicuous pale borders.

Alsophila gibbosa Klotzsch.

Trunk 3 ft. tall, 2 in. in diameter, fronds chartaceous, deep green

above, dull green below, Ptari-tepui, Bonnetia roraimae forest on

southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59731. A fragment of

the type, collected by R. Schomburgk on Mount Roraima, is in the

U.S. National Herbarium. The species has been found also on a

mountain ridge near Galipan, Venezuela (P ittier 111).

POLYPODIACEAE

Dryopteris denticulata (Swartz) Kuntze.

Terrestrial on steep, wooded slopes overlying sandstone, Ptari-

tepui, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt.

2285-2405 m., 59597.

Oleandra Lehmannii Maxon.

Sprawling over ground, fronds deep green above, dull green below,

Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on

"Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59495. Known

otherwise only from Colombia.

Oleandra pilosa Hook.

Stems sprawling, dangling in the air by waterfall, swampy savanna

between Rib Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along Rio Karuai, at

southwestern base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60706.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 733

Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl.

Ptari-tepui", between "Cave Camp" and Bonnetia forest, on

southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 1800-2000 m., 5972 7a.

Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott.

Terrestrial, common in colonies, Ptari-tepui, forested sandstone

south- facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt.

1700-1800 m., 59773.

Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl) Mett.

Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested

slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below

"Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59450.

Lindsaea coriifolia Lindm.

Fronds erect, chartaceous, pale green, P tari-tepuij low scrubby

growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder, vicinity of "Misia

Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59474. A rare species, which may be

reported also from the summit of Cerro Tonoro, Alto Rio Paragua,

Bolivar (Cardona 852).

Lindsaea falcata Dryand.

Ptari-tepui', south-facing densely forested slopes between Rib

Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m.,

59427. Common and widely distributed.

Lindsaea Feei C. Chr.

Stipes upright, fronds firmly membranaceous, Ptari-tepui, on for-

ested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock"

above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59503; "sumi-peu," Bonnetia

roraimae forest on south west- facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m.,

59739. There is a discussion of this species by Hieronymus (Hed-

wigia 62: 16. 1920).

Lindsaea guianensis (Aubl.) Dryand.

Gran Sabana, bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mis-

sion of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59409.

Lindsaea Parkeri Hook.

Salto de Iwara-curu^ at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 16 15

m., 60229; Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along

fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy

Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59454. Previously known only from British

Guiana and Surinam.

Lindsaea reniformis Dryand.

Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rib Pacairao, about 3 kms.

east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.,

734 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

60518. One other Venezuelan collection is known: Western foot-

hills of Serra Imeri, near Salto de Hua, alt. 800 m., Holt & Blake

494. The species is otherwise restricted to the Guianas, where it

is rare.

Lindsaea stricta (Swartz) Dryand.

Stipes upright, stiff, fronds chartaceous, in crevices of bluffs,

Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on

"Cave Rock4' above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59502; "ari-

epana-u." Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder,

alt.- -2000-2200 m., 59735.

Lindsaea tenuis Klotzsch.

Climbing, appressed to mossy tree trunk, lower southeastern

slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1675-1980 m., 60859. A collection of

exceptional interest, for this species, previously known only from

Mount Roraima, apparently has not been represented in American

herbaria. The climbing habit of the fronds is altogether exceptional

in the genus and is suggestive of Odontosoria.

Asplenium radicans L. (var.)

Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-

lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59594.

Asplenium serra Langsd. & Fisch.

Ptari-tepui', on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-

lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59593; along base of south-facing high

sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59904 (depauperate).

Blechnum Schomburgkii (Klotzsch) C. Chr.

Terrestrial, fronds subcoriaceous, dull green above, pale green

below, Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing high sand-

stone bluffs, alt. 2400 m., 59614.

Pityro gramma tart are a (Cav.) Maxon.

Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60072.

Gymnogramma hirta (H.B.K.) Kaulf.

Common at base of bluffs, Ptari-tepui', south- facing bluffs, alt.

2400-2410 m., 59607, 59913.

Gymnogramma Schomburgkiana Kunze.

Crevices of bluff on summit, Sororopah-tepul, crest of cerro be-

tween east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60109. Previously known

only from Mount Roraima.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 735

Pellaea pinnata (Kaulf.) Prantl.

Crevices of boulders on mesa near Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n,

alt. 1065 m., 60526' Previously known only from southern Brazil.

An interesting and unexpected extension of range.

Hypolepis hostilis (Kunze) Presl.

Ptari-tepuf, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 240O2410 m., 59598, 59896.

Lonchitis Lindeniana Hook.

Ptari-tepui, steep forested slopes at base of first line of sand-

stone bluffs, on south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130

m., 59857.

Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Smith.

Terrestrial, fronds elongate, 5 ft. long, blue-green above, pale

green below, Ptari-tepuf, at base of and on main south-facing high

sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59613, 59897 (juvenile).

Vittaria filifolia Fee.

Fronds subcoriaceous, dull green above and beneath, pendent

from dry crevices of bluffs, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing

high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59905.

Vittaria Gardneriana Fee.

Fronds subcorjaceous, dark green above, dull green beneath, pen-

dent from bluffs and tree trunks, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested

steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave

Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59596.

Cochlidium Connellii (Baker) A. C. Smith.

Fronds erect, firmly membranaceous, deep green on both sides,

terrestrial on dry ledges, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone

exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of

southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59673. Previously known

only from Mount Roraima.

Polypodium asplenifolium L.

Epiphytic, blades divergent, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep

south-facing slopes, overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"

and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59553.

Polypodium aureum L.

Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs,

alt. 2410 m., 59908.

736 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Polypodium bombycinum Maxon.

Fronds subcoriaceous, gray-blue-green above, gray below, break-

ing easily, on boulder, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone

exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of

southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59672. In his study of the

group of P. lepidopteris Mr. Weatherby reported this species only

from Colombia, Panama, and the Galapagos Islands. Additional

records are: Capihuara, Rio Casiquiare, Amazonas, Venezuela,

L. Williams 16082; northern slopes of Akarai Mountains, British

Guiana, A. C. Smith 2899.

Polypodium cultratum Willd.

Ptari-tepm, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-

lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59586.

Polypodium dicranophyllum C. Chr.

Epiphyte, Salto de Iwaracaru'-meni, at western end of Sororopan-

tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60227.

Polypodium duale Maxon.

Terrestrial on mossy boulders receiving constant spray of water-

fall, Ptari-tepm, along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs,

alt. 2410-2450 m., 59947.

Polypodium fraxinifolium Jacq.

"Itui-yek." Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, dense forest at base of

cerro along Rio Kamai, alt. 1220 m., 60656.

Polypodium Kalbreyeri Baker.

Epiphyte, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying

sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59815.

Polypodium lanceolatum L.

On dry bluffs, Ptari-tepuf, along base of east- facing high sand-

stone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59953; fronds erect, coriaceous,

deep green above, dull paler green below, on rocky exposure,

Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60076.

Polypodium lasiopus Klotzsch.

Rhizome pale silvery-green with yellow-brown scales, fronds mem-

branaceous, rich green, exposed crevices of bluff, Ptari-tepui,

along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m.,

59907.

Polypodium loriceum L.

Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.

2410-2450 m., 59927.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 737

Polypodium lycopodioides L.

Creeping epiphyte, fronds dull green on both sides, firmly mem-

branaceous, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along

fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River," below "Misia Kathy

Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59452.

Polypodium pectinatum L. sens. lat.

Epiphyte, fronds pendent, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep

south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"

and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59595. This

would probably correspond with the large form called P. paradiseae

Langsd. & Fisch.

Polypodium pilosissimum Mart. & Gal.

Pendent epiphyte, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high

sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59970. Possibly an aggregate as

currently recognized. The West Indian P. rigens Maxon is very

near it.

Polypodium subsessile Baker.

Epiphyte, Sororopa'n-tepui, wooded ridge between quebrada and

waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru-meru), alt. 1615-1980 m., 60199.

Polypodium taenifolium Jenm.

Epiphyte, Ptari-tepui', on densely forested steep south-facing

slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of

high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59582.

Polypodium sp. (group of P. loriceum).

Rhizomes gray-blue-green, thickened, fronds membranaceous,

grass green on both sides, among rocks, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and

rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on

plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59656.

Eschatogramme furcata var. bicolor C. Chr.

Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, fronds coriaceous, deep green

above, paler beneath, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested

slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp,"

alt. 1500-1520 m., 59430. Previously known only from Colombia.

Elaphoglossum Fraseri (Mett.) Christ ex char.

Along rocky stream bank, Ptari-tepui', south-facing densely for-

ested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River"

below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59456. Acrostichum ery-

throtrichum Klotzsch, from "Caracas," for which the citation (Lin-

naea 25: 293. 1852) is omitted in the Index Filicum, may be the same.

The species is near the widespread E. Lindenii, but the sterile

fronds are more elongate and are cuneate at base.

738 F ELD I AN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Elaphoglossum glabellum J. Smith.

Epiphyte, fronds subcoriaceous, deep green above, paler beneath,

Ptari-tepm', south-facing densely forested slopes between Rib Karuai

and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59431.

Elaphoglossum laminarioides (Bory) Moore.

Terrestrial, fronds erect, subcoriaceous, pale green above, rufous

beneath, Ptari-tepui', on forested south-facing slopes overlying sand-

stone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59570.

This species belongs to a critical group. The present specimen

agrees fairly well with the description of the original collection

from French Guiana (Leprieur in 1834). According to Christ, the

Peruvian E. auricomum (Kunze) Moore is the same, and, if so, that

is the earliest name for the species.

Elaphoglossum stenopteris (Klotzsch) Moore.

Common epiphyte, fronds erect-spreading, undulate-margined,

firmly membranaceous, deep green above, dull green beneath, Ptari-

tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sand-

stone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt.

2100-2285 m., 59554. Agrees entirely with an isotype, from Colonia

Tovar, Venezuela (Moritz 234), in the U.S. National Herbarium.

Usually referred to the Brazilian E. brachyneuron (Fee) J. Smith,

but it is not certain that the two are identical.

Elaphoglossum tovarense (Moritz) Moore.

Fronds erect, coriaceous, dark green above, dull green beneath,

Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59615. Agrees with Fendler 292, from

Colonia Tovar, cited in the original description.

Elaphoglossum sp.

Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59616. Sterile; group of E. lingua (Raddi)

Brack.

Rhipidopteris peltata (Swartz) Schott.

Creeping on mossy boulder, Ptari-tepur, on densely forested steep

south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and

base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59580.

GLEICHENIACEAE

Sticherus rubiginosus (Mett.) Morton.

Fronds rigid, brittle, dull green above, paler below, Ptari-tepuf,

steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on

south- facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59862.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 739

Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw.

"Soni-pa. " Ptari-tepui, scrubby forest on rocky open portion of

plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600-1650 m., 59624; Bon-

netia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200

m., 59751.

SCHIZAEACEAE

Schizaea elegans (Vahl) Swartz.

Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes be-

tween "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-

1520 m., 59460.

Schizaea Poeppigiana Sturm.

Ptari-tepuf, low scnibby growth on flat portion of south-facing

shoulder, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59471. Not

known otherwise from Venezuela except on Mount Roraima.

OSMUNDACEAE

Osmunda cinnamomea L.

In dense clumps 4 ft. tall among grass in wet places, Gran Sabana,

bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Tere-

sita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59410. In Knuth's Initia Florae

Venezuelensis (Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde Beih. 43: 87. 1928) the name

Osmunda bipinnata L. has been adopted for the cinnamon-fern, and

O. cinnamomea reduced to synonymy, presumably on the basis of

page priority. However, page priority may not be considered in

selecting the proper names. According to the International Rules

(Art. 56), if two names are of the same date, the author who first

adopts one of them, definitely treating another as a synonym or re-

ferring it to a subordinate group, must be followed. In the present

instance, O. cinnamomea has been universally adopted and O. bi-

pinnata reduced to synonymy, and it is up to the author who wishes

to use O. bipinnata to prove that at the time of the first union of

these two Linnaean species O. bipinnata was the name adopted

(which is probably impossible to prove in this case). Otherwise,

O. cinnamomea must be retained. A similar instance is the fern

Stenoloma (Sphenomeris ) chinense (L.) Bedd. Those who displace

this name in favor of S. chusanum (L.) Ching must first prove that

the epithet chusanum was the first one adopted for the combined

Linnaean species.

740 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

LYCOPODIACEAE

Lycopodium clavatum L.

Ptari-tepm', on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over-

lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59584; Sororopa'n-tepui, crest of cerro be-

tween east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60134.

Lycopodium duidae A. C. Smith.

Creeping, the fruiting stems erect, common terrestrial plant, Ptari-

tepui, Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on south west- facing

shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59776. Known otherwise only from Cerro

Duida.

Lycopodium passerinoides H.B.K.

Pendent epiphyte, Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes

overlying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock,"

alt. 1800-2100 m., 59536; forested sandstone south-facing slopes

between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m.,

59717. Difficult to distinguish from L. taxifolium.

Lycopodium reflexum Lam.

Stems erect, common on rock exposures, Sororopa'n-tepui', crest of

cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60111.

SELAGINELLACEAE 44

Selaginella brachyclada Baker.

Base of dripping sandstone bluff, Ptari-tepui, on south-facing

part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59836. Described from

Kaieteur Falls, British Guiana.

Selaginella flagellata Spring (forma).

Crevices of bluff below waterfall, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao

bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa

Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60523.

Selaginella microdonta A. C. Smith.

Fronds pale green above, silvery beneath, along slopes of bluff

in shade, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes

overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sand-

stone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59563. Previously known only from

the type from Cerro Duida.

44B

V A. H. G. Alston

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 741

Selaginella rigidula Baker.

On moist face of bluff, P tari-tepui', main south-facing high sand-

stone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59604. A good match for the type

(from Ocana, Colombia) according to Alston.

Selaginella roraimensis Baker (forma).

Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms.

east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.,

60499.

Selaginella sp.

Stems erect, southeastern portion of base of Carrao-tepuf, alt.

1460-1615 m., 60844. Near S. Hartwegiana Spring; perhaps unde-

scribed according to Alston.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

The fern flora of Cerro Turumiquire in northeastern Venezuela is

fundamentally Andean, most of the species being rather well known

and widespread in Venezuela and Colombia. An unexpected rela-

tionship with the flora of Cerro Duida is found in the presence of

Polypodium haplophlebicum, previously considered endemic to Cerro

Duida. The presence of Lycopodium roraimense may indicate a

remote relationship with Mount Roraima, although it is quite likely

that this species will be found ultimately to be rather widespread.

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Hymenophyllum elegans Spreng.

ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador and tributary, near base of

Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantln, alt. 800-1000 m., 61287.

Hymenophyllum Gollmeri v. d. Bosch.

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-

west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62077; SUCRE: Cerro Turumi-

quire, headwaters of Rib Manzanares, on north west- facing slopes,

alt. 2500 m., 62684. Identified from description.

Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Swartz.

ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-

tary of Rib Neveri, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast

of Bergantfn, alt. 900-1000 m., 61461; headwaters of Rio Maravilla,

slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east

of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m., 61729.

742 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Hymenophyllum Karstenianum Sturm.

MONAGAS: forested summit of Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of

Gua'charo, alt. 1500 m., 62006.

Hymenophyllum trichomanoides v. d. Bosch.

MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,

tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between

Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62201; Cerro Guacharo, above

Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62329.

Hymenophyllum trichophyllum H.B.K.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rib Colorado

and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62646.

Hymenophyllum sp. Group of H. polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz.

ANZ GATE GUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia,

above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergan-

tfn, alt. 2350 m., 61689.

Trichomanes capillacenm L.

MONAGAS: epiphyte, south-facing forested slopes above lime-

stone bluffs, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300-1400 m., 62000.

Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf.

ANZOATEGUI: on shaded limestone bluff, Cerro Peonia (Coroy),

above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of

Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61405. MONAGAS: crevices of

bluffs, vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Gua'charo,

alt. 1200-1480 m., 62267, 62265.

Trichomanes Curranii Weatherby.

MONAGAS: on bluffs along stream, Montana de Aguacate, along

Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de

Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62212.

Previously known only from the type collection from Cerro Santa

Ana, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela (Curran & Haman 672).

Trichomanes plumosum Kunze.

MjONAGAS: terrestrial, fronds erect, dull green, summit of Cerro

Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m.,

62334.

Trichomanes rigidum Swartz.

ANZOATEGUI: fronds dark green, on shaded limestone bluffs,

Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leo'n and

Bergantfn, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61404.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 743

Trichomanes Robinsonii Baker.

MONAGAS: on bark, near summit of Cerro Guacharo, above Gua-

charo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62337. SUCRE: on

tree trunk, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes,

from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m.,

62576; on shaded boulder, forest along stream at base of Cerro de

Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire),

alt. 2000-2100 m., 62736. This is the species well known as T.

montanum Hook., unfortunately a later homonym. According to Cope-

land, the African species T. Robinsonii is the same. I have seen

no African specimens.

Trichomanes rupestre (Raddi) v. d. Bosch.

r

ANZOATEGUI: fronds dull green, climbing appressed to bluff,

along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca,

northeast of Bergantih, alt. 800-1000 m., 61295; hanging from shaded

moist cliff, headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, be-

tween Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-

1400 m., 67726.

DICKSONIACEAE

Dicksonia Karsteniana (Klotzsch) Moore.

ANZOATEGUI: trunk 3 ft. tall, 1 ft. in diameter, leaves erect,

pinnules revolute, subchartaceous-subcoriaceous, dull green above,

pale green below, cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia

(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,

east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61676; trunk 5-6 ft. tall, 6-8 in. in

diameter, same locality, 61680. SUCRE: trunk 6-8 ft. tall, Cerro

Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada

El Boquero'n, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62468. The

first specimen cited represents a small form, perhaps varietally or

even specifically distinct.

CYATHEACEAE

Hemitelia speciosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kaulf.

MONAGAS: subacaulescent or with a caudex 3 ft. tall and 2 in.

in diameter, forested summit of mountain on property of Pedro Pablo

Centeno, southwest of Caripe, alt. 1300-1350 m., 61970.

Hemitelia spectabilis Kunze.

ANZOATEGUI: "Cabeza de mono." Caudex 1/2 ft. tall, fronds

5-6 ft. long, chartaceous, by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of

confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin,

alt. 400-500 m., 67207.

744 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Alsophila floribunda Hook, (off.)

MONAGAS: Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Gua-

charo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62332. Although the specimen cited

agrees fairly well in cutting, "venation, and general aspect with an

isotype (US) of Hooker's species, the two may not be conspecific.

The small scales of the costules are plane and peitate in the Steyer-

mark specimen and bullate and basally attached in A. floribunda.

Alsophila pauciflora Presl. ex Mett.

SUCRE: trunk 5-10 ft. tall, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes

between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocol-

lar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62467. This rare species is represented in

the U.S. National Herbarium only by a fragment of the type, collected

at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, by Karsten.

Alsophila villosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Desv.

MONAGAS: trunk 1 ft. tall, 2-3 in- in diameter, fronds subcoria-

ceous, vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo,

alt. 1200-1480 m., 62274.

Lophosoria quadripinnata (Gmel.) C. Chr.

ANZOATEGUI: acaulescent, stipe 2-3 ft. tall, dull purple, fronds

subchartaceous, rich green above, silvery green below, south-facing

steep slopes on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge

above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,

headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m.,

61592. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,

northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62126. SUCRE: Cerro

Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of

cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62507.

POLYPODIACEAE

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.

SUCRE: crevices of bluff, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes

above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt.

2100-2200 m., 62552; forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo

(western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt.

2000-2100 m., 62738.

Dryopteris Carrii (Baker) C. Chr.

ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," be-

tween Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-

1450 m., 61403. A notable extension of range. The species has

been known previously only from Surinam and southern Brazil.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 745

Thelypteris opposita (Vahl) Ching.

SUCRE: crevices of rocks, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes

between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 170O2000 m.,

62480.

Thelypteris patens (Swartz) Small.

ANZOATEGUI: dense forest^ along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rio

Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 611 77.

Thelypteris uliginosa (Kunze) Ching.

MONAGAS: acaulescent, fronds erect, 3-5 ft. high, Cerro Gua-

charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Gua'charo, alt. 1500-1620 m.,

62318. This is the introduced Asiatic fern which has commonly

been identified as Dryopteris setigera (Blume) Kuntze. Ching

states erroneously that it is exindusiate. An indusium is present,

although it is small and often concealed by the sporangia.

Ctenitis ampla (Willd.) Ching.

ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial on river banks, fronds 5 ft. tall, woods

along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Never!, north-

east of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61070.

Cyclopeltis semicordata (Swartz) J. Smith.

SUCRE: common terrestrial fern, along Rio Guagua, tributary to

Rio Manzanares, above valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt.

230-300 m., 62877.

Polystichum muricatum (L.) Fe'e.

SUCRE: common on forest floor, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing

slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocol-

lar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62528.

Polybotrya osmundacea Humb. & Bonpl.

MONAGAS: climbing, stems appressed to tree trunk, forested sum-

mit of Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m.,

62075.

Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw.

ANZOATEGUI: along stream bank, dense forest, Quebrada Negra,

tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61 146.

Tectaria incisa Cav.

ANZOATEGUI: "Cabeza de mono." Along stream in woods along

Ri'o Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neveri', northeast of

Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61079.

Bolbitis cladorrhizans (Spreng.) Ching.

ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib

Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61142.

746 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Bolbitis serratifolia (Mert.) Schott.

ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio

Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61144.

Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree trunk, fronds erect, along Rib

Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of

Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61315.

Nephrolepis pectinata (Willd.) Schott.

SUCRE: stems erect, on boulders, Cerro Turumiquire, between

eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered

knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62674.

Nephrolepis pendula (Raddi) J. Smith.

ANZOATEGUI: hanging in vertical pendent strands up to 10 ft.

long from limestone bluffs, along Rib Zumbador and tributary, near

base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1000 m.,

61278; "culantrillo de rio." Hanging from tree trunks, same local-

ity, 61296.

Orthiopteris domingensis (Spreng.) Copel.

ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial, subacaulescent, with short, erect

caudex, fronds firmly membranaceous, headwaters of Rio Mara villa,

slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east

of Berganti'n, alt. 900-1400 m., 61 730. I follow Copeland in recog-

nizing Orthiopteris (Ithycaulon) as distinct from Saccoloma.

Orthiopteris inaequalis (Kunze) Copel.

MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,

tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between

Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62211.

Lindsaea falcata Dryand.

ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-

tary of Rio Neveri, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast

of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61456.

Lindsaea lancea (L.) Bedd.

f *v

ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-

tary of Rib Neveri, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast

of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61457.

Lindsaea stricta (Swartz) Dryand.

MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras

and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61806;

rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 830

m., 62382.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 747

Asplenium abscissum Willd.

ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo," forested slopes between Rib Leon

of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantih, alt.

500-600 m., 61121.

Asplenium dentatum L. (?)

MONAGAS: in crevices, base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la

Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt.

1100-1200 m., 61907. With thicker texture and somewhat different

aspect. Not previously represented from Venezuela in the U.S. Na-

tional Herbarium.

Asplenium fragrans Swartz.

MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,

tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between

Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62209.

Asplenium harpeodes Kunze.

ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia

(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,

east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61695.

Asplenium juglandifolium var. integerrimum (Spreng.) Domin.

ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," be-

tween Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-

1450 m., 67422.

Asplenium laetum Swartz.

ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib

Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61143.

Asplenium monanthes L.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-

dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62512a. MONAGAS:

Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe,

alt. 1500-2180 m., 62047.

Asplenium myriophyllum (Swartz) Presl.

ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo," forested slopes between Rio Leon

of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt.

500-600 m., 61122.

Asplenium obtusifolium L.

ANZOATEGUI: leaves fleshy, firmly membranaceous, the old ones

dark green, the new ones rich green, on damp boulder, dense forest,

Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin,

alt. 500 m., 61148; fronds dark green, almost hymenophylloid in

texture, on boulders along stream, steep forested slopes between

748 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, and Cerro

Peonia (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1600 m., 61569.

Asplenium otites Link.

ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo negra," on moist edges of shady or

slaty limestone bluffs, by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of con-

fluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantm, alt.

400-500 m., 61192.

Asplenium praemorsum Swartz.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad

ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak,

alt. 2200 m., 62628.

Asplenium pumilum Swartz.

SUCRE: valley of Rib Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, between

Gran j a Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El

Pamata'l, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m., 62790.

Asplenium radicans var. partitum (Klotzsch) Hieron.

SUCRE: common on forest floor, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing

slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocol-

lar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62527.

Asplenium rutaceum Mett. (var.?).

ANZOATEGUI: shaded ledges of limestone bluff, along Rib Zum-

bador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Ber-

gantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61288. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-

facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of

Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62543.

Asplenium sp.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad

in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m.,

62559.

Hemidictyum marginatum (L.) Presl.

MONAGAS: terrestrial, fronds 5-10 ft. long, rich grass-green on

both sides, membranaceous, Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada

de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate,

between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62205.

Blechnum columbiense Hieron. var. bogotense Hieron.

ANZOATEGUI: dense clump with caudex 1 ft. tall and 6 in. in

diameter, fronds erect-ascending, stiff, pale green above and below,

cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos),

above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantm,

alt. 2350 m., 61668. SUCRE: caudex 1-3 ft. tall, 3-5 in. in diameter,

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 749

or acaulescent, leaves ascending in a dense rosette, Cerro Turumi-

quire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of

eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62631. Pre-

viously known in Venezuela only from Cerro Turumiquire (Tate 275,

279, 280, 281).

Blechnum gracile Kaulf.

ANZOATEGUI: dense forest along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rib

Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61168; "culantrillo

negro," terrestrial, common, used in medicine, woods along Rio

Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Ber-

gantin, alt. 500 m., 60990.

Blechnum 1'herminieri (Bory) Mett.

MONAGAS: common ground cover, sterile fronds chartaceous, dull

dark green above, paler below, forested summit of Cerro de Gua'charo,

northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62014. Known in South America

only from Venezuela.

Blechnum unilaterale Swartz.

MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Gua-

charo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62264.

Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link (?).

ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador and tributary near base of

Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61327.

A peculiar form.

Gymnogramma flexuosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Desv.

SUCRE: between headwaters of Ri'o Colorado and summit of south-

ern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62655a.

Gymnogramma hirta (H.B.K.} Kaulf.

ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on ledges of rim rock

just below crest, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,

headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000 m.,

61596. SUCRE: in crevices of bluff, Cerro Turumiquire, between

headwaters of Rib Colorado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-

2400 m., 62657.

Doryopteris pedata var. palmata (Willd.) Hicken.

MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of

mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt.

850-1350 m., 67968.

Doryopteris sagittifolia (Raddi) J. Smith.

ANZOATEGUI: "corazon," along Rio Zumbador and tributary,

near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-1000

750 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

m., 61269. "Entire plant boiled in water and drunk for heart ail-

ments.'* An interesting instance of a Brazilian species isolated in

Venezuela.

Cheilanthes notholaenoides (Desv.) Maxon.

(C. micromera Link).

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-

west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62051. Not previously represented

from Venezuela in the U.S. National Herbarium.

Adiantum concinnum Humb. & Bonpl.

ANZOATEGUI: shaded crevices of boulder, dense forest along

Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantih, alt.

500 m., 61166.

Adiantum macrophyllum Swartz.

ANZOATEGUI: along stream bank in dense forest, Quebrada

Negra, tributary of Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500

m., 61145.

Adiantum obliquum Willd.

ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo." woods along Rib Leon by Quebrada

Danta, tributary to Rib Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m.,

61052. "Entire plant used for fevers."

Adiantum tenerum Swartz.

MONAGAS: base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona

Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m.,

61901. ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo," by state of Sucre boundary,

vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of

Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61195. "Stems, leaves, and roots boiled

and placed in 'guarapo* for fevers."

Adiantum tetraphyllum Humb. & Bonpl.

ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu-

tary of Rio Neven', between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast

of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m. , 61458. The specimen agrees very

well with a photograph of the type (from Caripe).

Adiantum tine turn Moore (?).

SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above

valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62794.

A little known species.

Pteris biaurita L.

ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib

Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. "500 m., 61154.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 751

Pteris podophylla Swartz.

SUCRE: forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo (western

extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 2000-2100 m.,

62742.

Vittaria filifolia Fee.

SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes be-

tween La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar,

alt. 1700-1840 m., 62466; epiphyte, fronds subcoriaceous, dark green

above, pale green beneath, above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone,

alt. 2100-2200 m., 62524. ANZOATEGUI: pendent epiphyte, cloud

forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above

Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, alt.

2350 m., 67690.

Vittaria lineata (L.) J. E. Smith.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte, along Rio Leon, northeast of BergantTn,

alt. 500 m., 61428.

Vittaria stipitata Kunze.

ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of

Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61331.

Antrophyum lineatum (Swartz) Kaulf.

SUCRE: epiphyte, fronds coriaceous, spreading to erect, Cerro

Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest

zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62535.

Polypodium angustifolium Swartz.

MONAGAS: fronds erect, coriaceous, rich green above, pale green

below, on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,

northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62070. SUCRE: Cerro Turu-

miquire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit following

sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62671.

Polypodium aureum L.

SUCRE: "palipol." Fronds erect, firmly membranaceous-

chartaceous, rich pale green or pale grass-green above, blue-silvery-

green below, on boulders, Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and

western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge

ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62672.

Polypodium ciliatum Willd.

MONAGAS: creeping epiphyte, dwarf forest on exposed ridge of

Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of

Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 67888.

752 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Polypodium crassifolium L.

MONAGAS: fronds erect, coriaceous, on boulders, Cerro Negro,

above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180

m.,; 62053.

Polypodium cultratum Willd.

ANZOATEGUI: pendent epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, cloud forest

on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,

headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantm, alt. 2350 m., 6 1694.

Polypodium duale Maxon.

MONAGAS: Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo,

alt. 1500-1620 m., 62328.

Polypodium fasciale Humb. & Bonpl.

(Campy lone urum Fendleri Moore).

MONAGAS: creeping epiphyte, south-facing forested slopes above

limestone bluffs, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300 m., 61998.

The determination is not altogether certain inasmuch as no material

has been available for comparison.

Polypodium Funckii Mett.

SUCRE: creeping over boulders above water hole, Cerro Turumi-

quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62617;

also collected by Tate (nos. 194, 195). ANZOA^TEGUI: on sides of

boulder, along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro

Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan-

tiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61660.

Polypodium haplophlebicum A. C. Smith.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Ri'o Colorado

and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62654. Known other-

wise only from Cerro Duida.

Polypodium lanceolatum L.

SUCRE: fronds erect, firmly membranaceous, on limestone boul-

ders, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes near summit of eastern

peak, alt. 2200 m., 62569. MONAGAS: on boulder, Cerro Negro,

above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180

m., 62048. ANZOATEGUI: fronds subcoriaceous, rich green, on ex-

posed boulders, on knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro

Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan-

tiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61646.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 753

Polypodium leucatomos Poir.

(P. decumanum Willd.)

MONAGAS: epiphyte, fronds grass-green, in coffee hacienda of

Intendente de Tierras y Bosques, on north side of Rio Carlpe, Ca-

ripe, alt. 850 m., 62160.

Polypodium leucosporum Klotzsch.

MONAGAS: creeping on moss over boulders, Cerro Negro, above

La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m.,

62109.

Polypodium meridense Klotzsch.

SUCRE: in crevices of bluff, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep

sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro,

alt. 2360-2500 m., 62589. The same species was collected by Tate

(nos. 283, 320, 322).

Polypodium moniliforme Lag.

SUCRE: in rock crevices, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep

sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro,

alt. 2360-2500 m., 62587. Also collected by Tate (nos. 257, 325;.

Polypodium Moritzianum Link.

MONAGAS: on boulders along streambed, along Quebrada Colorado

Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima,

southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61957. Found on Cerro Turu-

miquire by Tate (no. 120).

Polypodium pectinatum L. (sens. lat. ).

MONAGAS: terrestrial among limestone boulders, between Caripe

and San Agustm, alt. 900-950 m., 61778; on boulder, Cerro Negro,

above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180

m., 62080; along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of moun-

tain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-

1350 m., 61960a.

Polypodium polypodioides var. Burchellii (Baker) Weatherby.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte, forested slopes between Rio Leon of

Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-

600 m., 67726.

Polypodium repens Aubl.

ANZOATEGUI: fronds erect, membranaceous, woods along Ri'o

Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Ber-

gantfn, alt. 500 m., 61033. "Rhizomes boiled in water of 'guarapo'

used in treating fevers."

754 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Polypodium thyssanolepis A. Braun.

MONAGAS: on rock, vicinity of San Agustfn, in valley northwest

of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61867.

Eschatogramme furcata var. bicolor C. Chr.

MONAGAS: epiphyte, fronds erect, firmly membranaceous, base of

limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and

bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 61910.

Elaphoglossum andicola (Fee) Moore.

ANZOATEGUI: on boulders, along knife-edge crest of ridge lead-

ing to summit, Cerro Peonfa (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,

headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300

m., 61648. Agrees with Fendler 296, from Colonia Tovar, cited by

Moore, which specimen was cited also in the original description of

E. sporadolepis (Kunze) Moore, a probable synonym. The Steyer-

mark specimen was growing with E. cuspidatum.

Elaphoglossum cuspidatum (Willd.) Moore.

SUCRE: terrestrial, sterile fronds erect, subcoriaceous, dull green

above with gray-buff scales, gray-buff to buff-tawny beneath, fertile

fronds brown-black beneath, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes

between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m. ,

62508. ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial among boulders, fronds erect,

deep green above, silvery-fulvous beneath, cloud forest of Fila

Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between

Bergantin and Cerro Peonfa (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m.,

61548; ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peom'a, above Santa Cruz,

headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300

m., 67648.

Elaphoglossum firmum (Mett.) Urban.

MONAGAS: terrestrial, fronds erect, coriaceous, El Paramo,

northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m.,

62039.

Elaphoglossum glossophyllum Hieron.

SUCRE: terrestrial, fronds erect, coriaceous, Cerro Turumiquire,

north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to

summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62581. Previously collected by

Tate (nos. 765, 766), but otherwise known only from Colombia.

Elaphoglossum pilosum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Moore ex char.

ANZOATEGUI: fronds erect, dull green above, brownish-green

beneath, crevices of bluff at top, cloud forest of Fila Grande, head-

waters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Bergantin

and Cerro Peom'a (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 67549. The

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 755

type was collected by Humboldt in the Cerro Turumiquire. The

Colombian plants referred to this species by Hieronymus (Bot.

Jahrb. 24: 546. 1904) may be different. A probable synonym is E.

viscosum var. minus Moore (Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, Fendler 272,

isotype US).

Elaphoglossum rigidum (Aublet) Urban.

ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial, fronds erect, subcoriaceous, summit

of Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and

Bergantm, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1450 m., 61408.

Hymenodium crinitum (L.) Fee.

MONAGAS: epiphyte, fronds subcoriaceous, deep green above,

dull green beneath or almost silvery, the hairs brown-black, Montana

de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rib Caripe,

northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt.

600-900 m.,; 622 10a.

GLEICHENIACEAE

Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching.

MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and

Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62251. May be distinguished from S.

rubiginosus by the densely brown-lanose covering of the lower sur-

faces of die young fronds.

OSMUNDACEAE

Osmunda cinnamomea L.

SUCRE: in swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing

headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000

m., 62698.

EQUISETACEAE

Equisetum bogotense H.B.K.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado

and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62640. MONAGAS:

Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe,

alt. 1500-2180 m., 62087.

LYCOPODIACEAE

Lycopodium alopecuroides var. integerrimum Spring.

SUCRE: stems creeping, the fertile erect, valley between base of

Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turu-

756 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

miquire) and Cerro de Neveri, along headwaters of Rio de Amana,

alt. 2000 m., 62709.

Lycopodium aqualupianum Spring.

MONAGAS: epiphyte in upper branches of tree, leaves chartaceous-

subcoriaceous, 4-ranked, rich green, forested summit of Cerro de

Guacharo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62005.

Lycopodium caracasicum Herter.

SUCRE: stems erect, crevices of boulders, Cerro Turumiquire,

rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62621.

MIRANDA: terrestrial, tips of stems slightly nodding to drooping,

summit of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2765 m«» 62976;

epiphyte, same locality, 62976a. Previously collected on Pico de

Naiguata by Pittier (no. 6248) in May, 1913? also represented in the

U.S. National Herbarium from Silla de Caracas, D. F. (Pittier 8369).

Lycopodium clavatum L.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-

dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62477. MONAGAS:

Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe,

alt. 1500-2180 m.,; 62708. ANZOATEGUI: stems creeping, with

erect branches, south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby

portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Paja-

ritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of

Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61600.

Lycopodium complanatum var. tropic urn Spring.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-

dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62497; moist

savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak

with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62633. ANZOATEGUI:

creeping along ridge crest in exposed shaly spots, Cerro Peonia

(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,

east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61599.

Lycopodium Jussiaei Desv.

SUCRE: stems erect-ascending, leaves rich green above, pale

green beneath, Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colo-

rado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62649.

Lycopodium passerinoides H.B.K.

MONAGAS: pendent epiphyte, wooded limestone slopes just below

summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering

valley of Caripe, alt. 1300 m., 61931.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 757

Lycopodium perdulinum Hook.

SUCRE: terrestrial, stems with drooping branches and appressed

leaves, in sphagnum bog at base of sandstone bluffs of third peak of

Cerro Tunimiquire, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62639.

Lycopodium reflexum Lam.

ANZOATEGUI: rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge

ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peoni'a (Los Pajaritos), above Santa

Cruz, headwaters of Rfo Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800-

2000 m., 61625. SUCRE: terrestrial, stems erect, Cerro Turumi-

quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62613.

MONAGAS: terrestrial, stems erect, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana

de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62090.

Lycopodium roraimense Underw. & Lloyd.

SUCRE: pendent epiphyte, leaves firmly membranaceous, Cerro

Turumiquire, north- facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada

El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62469.

Known otherwise from 'Mount Roraima and Colonia Tovar (A Hart 371).

Lycopodium sp.

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north-

west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62069.

SELAGINELLACEAE45

Selaginella cladorrhizans A. Braun.

ANZOATEGUI: on moist edges of shaly or slaty limestone bluffs,

by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with

Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 400-500 m., 61191.

Selaginella pallescens (Presl.) Spring.

MONAGAS: fronds erect, rich green above, pale silvery-green

beneath, on bluffs in exposed places, edge of cafetal, below lime-

stone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and border-

ing valley of Caripe, alt. 1000 m., 61881.

OPHIOGLOSSACE AE 46

Botrychium cicutarium (Sav.) Swartz.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad

in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62562.

First record from Venezuela. The species is known from several

localities in Colombia.

45 By A. H. G. Alston 46 By Robert T. Clausen

758 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Ophioglossum reticulatum L.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between Rio Manzanares and La

Trinidad, alt. 800-1300 m., 62770. LARA: between Buenos Aires

and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55465. The latter is

noteworthy because it comes from the highest altitude that I have

recorded for this species. The specimen consists of a single leaf

which appears somewhat intermediate between this species and O.

petiolatum. The present identification should be considered as

doubtful until more plants from that locality have been studied.

ANDES

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

Botrychium Underwoodianum Maxon.

Steyermark's collections no. 57516 and 57082 are respectively

from the shore of Lake Mucubajf and the dry top of the Pa'ramo de la

Negra, both localities in the state of Merida and within the altitudi-

nal range already known for the species. Since the single leaf from

the Paramo de la Negra is undeveloped, also the two from Lake

Mucubajf may be juvenile, the smaller size than usual may not be

important.

Ophioglossum petiolatum Hooker.

MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita,

alt. 2745-3045 m.,;57079. South American collections of this species

are few and without indication of definite locality. Steyermark's

collection is the first recorded from Venezuela. The plants are

small, with the blades varying from lance-ovate to elliptic-ovate.

The venation is characteristic for the species and Steyermark's

note, "frond fleshy," indicates another typical feature. The fertile

segments, collected on July 7, 1944, are immature.

Clausen states that the above "seven collections of Ophioglossa-

ceae comprise five species. All are previously known from South

America, but three, namely Botrychium cicutarium, Ophioglossum

petiolatum and O. ellipticum were not recorded from Venezuela in

my Monograph of the Ophioglossaceae (Mem. Torrey Club 19: 1-177.

1938). These three species may be new records for that country."

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA •• IV 759

PODOCARPACEAE47

Key to species of Podocarpus in Venezuela:

Leaves opposite, ovate, spread apart in one plane, with

stomates on both sides. (Sect. Polypodiopsis).

1. P. Rospigliosii

Leaves attached alternately in spiral series; stomates

confined to lower surface.

Leaves small, linear or needle-like, less than 4 mm.

wide, spread apart distichously in one plane.

(Sect. Stachycarpus).

Leaves with a ridge above midvein, seldom nearly

flat above 2» ?• Harmsianus

Leaves with a groove above midvein, the groove

sometimes an open channel

.. 3« 'P • rnontanus var. meridensis

Leaves large, or if small not spread distichously.

(Sect. Eupodocarpus).

Leaves large, broad and flat, more than 4 cm. long.

Bud scales (vegetative) long acuminate, 3'4 or

more times as long as wide.

Upper leaf surfaces essentially flat or with a

ridge only at petiole 4. P • Pittieri

Upper leaf surface with a groove.

Leaves lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long with revolute

margins stiffly arched-spreading, recurved;

bud scales large, becoming foliaceous

5. P- Steyermarkii

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong or obovate,

thick and stiff, 5-12 cm. long, 12-17 mm. wide

(on vigorous shoots and saplings up to 17 cm.

long and- 24 mm. wide) 6. P. magnifolius

Bud scales (vegetative) obtuse or acute, usually not

apiculate.

Leaves large, flat above (or with suppressed, in-

conspicuous groove between two low ridges),

about 11 cm. long and drooping, with margins

smooth and swollen 7. P. pendulifolius

Leaves with groove above midvein. ;

Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute; female peduncles

10-18 mm. long; seeds elongated, crested and

ridged 8. P- oleifolius var. trujillensis

Leaves oval or oblanceolate, broadly acute or

obtuse; female peduncles 3-5 mm. long; seeds

elongated, crested and ridged

.9. P. oleifolius var. macros tachy us

47

By J. T. Buchholz and Nettie A. Gray

760 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Leaves small, at most 5 cm., usually less than 3 cm.

long.

Leaves with a ridge above midvein or a groove between

2 ridges and becoming flat toward tip, less than 3

cm. long (except on vigorous shoots up to 5 cm.

long); bud scales slender, 3"4 times as long as

wide .., 10. P. roraimae

Leaves with a distinct groove above midvein, stiff,

divaricately spreading, less than 2-2.5 cm. long,

4-6 mm. wide; bud scales ovate and apiculate

..11. P. tepuiensis

1. Podocarpus Rospigliosii Pilger.

An evergreen tree 30*35 m. tall with flat frondose branches and

twigs, clothed with ovate-lanceolate leaves, opposite, sessile, up

to 22 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, in the lower parts of twigs grading

down to 11 mm. long and 2.5 mm. "wide toward the tips of the twigs.

Leaves amphistomatic with median vein, spread out by twisting at

the base with adaxial sides exposed on one side of the twigs and

with abaxial sides of leaves exposed on the opposite side, as in-

dicated externally by decurrent leaf bases and internally by orienta-

tion of xylem and phloem in vascular bundles. Buds naked. Leaves

internally with hypoderm on both sides of the leaf interrupted by the

stomates even at the midrib, vascular schlerenchyma of large fibres

constantly present on the upper or xylem side and of smaller fibres

rarely present on the lower or phloem side (not altered by orienta-

tion). ' Single median vascular bundle flattened in cross section and

flanked by transfusion tissue extending laterally into the leaf

tissue, but no accessory transfusion tissue nor isolated sclerids in

the mesophyll. Palisade tissue developed on both sides of leaf

depending upon exposure. Resin canals 3-1 1> the median one sit-

uated beneath the vascular bundle.

"The male cones are placed at the apex of rather short, lateral

axillary shoots borne by ordinary leafy branchlets. Each fertile

shoot shows two to a few pairs of reduced and scale-like leaves

(decussate arrangement; no twisting of the leaf bases). It carries

one male cone terminally on the axis, and adjacently to this two

cones in the axils of the uppermost pair of scales, and two more

cones may in addition be placed in the same way, but some dis-

tance from the shoot apex."

Ovulate cones placed at the apex of short axillary shoots attached

to the thicker branches rather than the more slender twigs. Each

fertile shoot shows two growth zones belonging to two different

seasons' growth. Leaves of the older part usually smaller than

vegetative leaves with twisting of leaf base-s unless these leaves

are reduced to scales, while the last season's growth includes two

to four or more pairs of broader ovate-orbicular decussate bracts

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 761

(sterile cone scales) not twisted and appearing more gray-glaucous.

The single inverted ovule borne in terminal position, with a single

ovate bract on the side away from the micropyle. This ovular,

slightly keeled bract, 4 mm. long by 3 mm. wide, persists, and while

essentially free from the ovule, adheres sufficiently near its base fo

fall away with the seed. Both ovules and seeds have a small crest

at the terminal end.

Seed obovoid, 20-30 mm. long and 12-18 mm. wide, not flattened,

with micropyle below. The seed coat consists of an outer layer

which becomes fleshy, a stony layer 1 mm. thick and an inner layer

enclosing the endosperm. Both the stony layer and endosperm plus

nucellus narrow to a conical spine or point at the micropyle, but

covered by the fleshy layer of the seed so that this spine-like

point is not observed unless the outer layer is removed. At the

opposite end near the crest the stony layer is rounded. Hence, the

crest is wholly a part of the fleshy layer, and may be broken off on

mature seeds. These fruits become colored from blue-black to red,

have been reported as edible (presumably as nuts) and are very

attractive when ripe.

Distribution: mountains of western Venezuela, eastern Colombia,

and central Peru, at altitudes between 1700-2600 m.

Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: TACHIRA: between La

Grita and Ye^tuines, John 99 (US); above La Grita, Steyermark 57112

(F, 111). MERIDA: no locality data, Pittier 12756 (US); above La

Carbonera, Steyermark 56049 (F, 111); Canagua, Steyermark 56370

(F, 111); no locality data, Sardi 6672 (Ven, 111); above Jaji, Steyer-

mark 55999, with ovules, mature seeds in packet (F, 111).

2. Podocarpus Harmsianus Pilger. (Fig. 1).

An evergreen tree with dark brown scaly bark becoming 15 m.

high or higher with a trunk diameter up to 40 cm. Branchlets slen-

der and somewhat loosely leafy. Leaves coriaceous, spirally

arranged distichously spread in one plane, patent, oblong-lanceolate,

straight or falcate or somewhat s-shaped, acute or short angustate

above and below and narrowly sessile, 15-27 mm. long, 3*5 mm.

wide, when young pruinose except midrib which is obtusely promi-

nent above and less prominent or flat beneath where midvein sepa-

rates the two bands of stomates.

Pollen cones borne in spikes of about 15, spreading divaricately,

up to 10 mm. long and borne in the axile of very minute elliptic

acute bracts (these 2 mm. long), surrounded at the base by small

appressed imbricated scales. Microsporophylls broad with a large

triangular obtuse upturned apex lacerated at the margins, with two

laterally placed microsporangia dehiscing laterally and horizontally.

Ovulate cones greatly reduced consisting of a slender modified

branch about 25 mm. long, clothed only with minute scales below

762

FIELDIAMA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Explanation of Figure 1.

Upper: Podocarpus Harmsianus

Photo of isotype, Fendler 1289 (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.)

Lower: Podocarpus Harmsianus

Tamayo 1575, from specimen cultivated at Colonia Tovar,

Aragua, showing seed on reproductive branch.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 763

(soon deciduous). Strobilar axis bearing one or more inverted ovules

near tip, attached laterally in the axil of a bract half as long as the

ovule. Seed not flattened, only slightly crested and with a thin

fleshy outer seed coat not greatly wrinkled in drying.

Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: DISTRITO FEDERAL:

Silla de Caracas, O. Kuntze 1611 (F, NY, US); Steyermark 55146

(F, 111); Delgado 338 (Ven). ARAGUA: Colonia. Tovar, Fendler

1289, isotypes (G with pollen cones, MBG, PH); Tamayo 1575

with seeds (Ven); Delgado 174, topotype (with seed of P. Rospig-

liosii in packet, F, without seed, US); Alto de Nor Leon, John, topo-

type with ovulate strobilus (Fig. 1), US.

3. Podocarpus montanus var. meridensis Buchh. & Gray, Journ.

Arn. Arb. 29: 71-71. 1948.

A tree with distichous foliage similar to P. montanus. It differs

from P. montanus and its var. densifolius in having a seed smaller

than either. The crest of the seed usually composed of a pair of

partially fused spine-like projections, or these spines may be com-

pletely fused resembling the seed of P. montanus, but in a much

smaller seed. Leaves similar to P. montanus var. densifolius or

intermediate in size, with the groove above midvein sometimes more

Open.

Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: LARA: between Buenos

Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, Steyermark 55459 (F, 111).

TRUJILLO: Cerro de la Mesa de Esnujaque, Schnee 50 (111, Ven);

Schnee 55 (111, Ven). MERIDA: Timotes, Delgado 366 (Ven); arriba

de Chachopo, Schnee 33 (111, Ven). TACHIRA: below Paramo de la

Negra, above La Grita, Steyermark 57103 (F, 111, Type); Klugh (Ven).

4. Podocarpus Pittieri Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29: 130-131.

1948. (Fig. 2).

A tree up to 10 m. tall with trunk up to 40 cm. in diameter, with

leaves somewhat crowded on twigs. Terminal buds with scales long

acuminate, 5-15 mm. long (sometimes longer [25 mm. J and appearing

foliaceous). Leaves coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, falcate, angu-

state, smooth and flat above, with midvein scarcely manifest above,

except near petiole but raised beneath, 6-18 cm. long, 7-16 mm.

wide. Pollen cones (fide Schnee) sessile and solitary in leaf axils

surrounded at base by several scales, leaf axils, cylindrical, be-

coming 4 cm. long. Ovulate cones on slender peduncles becoming

12-24 mm. long; receptacle of 2-3 fused thickened scales becoming

fleshy, 6-10 mm. long, 5-7 wide. Seed broadly ovoid, 8-12 mm. long,

7-9 nun. wide with a very small crest.

Distribution: coastal range of Venezuela in the high dense

forests at 1400-2140 m.

764

FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Explanation of Figure 2.

Upper: Podocarpus Pittieri Lower: Podocarpus Steyermarkii

Pittier 8298. Sttyermarl^ 60876, showing

bud and seed

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 765

Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: DlSTRITO FEDERAL:

Cerro del Avila, Pittier 8298 (F, G, type coll., US); Lasser 999

(US); Tamayo 1382 (US); Williams 10633 (F); Delgado 205 (F, US);

Whitford 50 (G); upper Cotiza near Caracas, Pittier 7396 (G, US);

on crest at Caracas, Curran & Haman 1110 (G, NY, US); east of

Junquito, Steyermark 57035 (F, 111). ARAGUA: prope Coloniam

Tovar, Fendler 1228 or 1288 (G, MBG, YU). State unknown: Williams

9929 (F).

5. Podocarpus Steyermarkii Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29:

133. 1948.

Tree 7-12 m. tall. Twigs with crowded foliage and with terminal

buds having scales long-attenuate, 5~l6 mm. long and longer (tend-

ing to become foliaceous). Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, arched-

spreading, recurved from twigs, 4-8 cm. long, 6-11 mm. broad, dark

shiny green above, with a distinct groove or sulcus above midvein,

their margins somewhat revolute, lower surface dull, pale to silvery

green with lower midrib strongly elevated. Pollen cones unknown.

Ovulate cones on stout axillary peduncles 7-10 mm. long, receptacle

7-8 mm. long. Seed silvery green, ridged, and minutely crested.

Specimens examined: BOLIVAR: upper slopes of Carrao-tepuf,

alt. 2100-2400 m., Steyermark 60876 (F, type, 111).

6. Podocarpus magnifolius Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29:

133-134. 1948. (Fig. 3).

Tree 60 feet or more high with straight trunk and suberect spread-

ing branches. Twigs stout, the terminal buds with thick short

acuminate scales. Leaves coriaceous, broadly lanceolate, the

smaller ones sometimes oblanceolate, erect-ascending, dark green

above, acute to shortly acuminate, the small leaves sometimes ob-

tuse, cuneately narrowed to a winged 3-5 mm. long petiole, with

shallow groove, above at midvein, or a groove between two ridges,

lower side dull paler green with an irregularly fluted or blunt ridge

at the midvein. Leaves of reproductive twigs 5*9 cm« l°ng an^ 12-17

mm. wide, those of vigorous shoots and saplings becoming up to 17

cm. long and 24 mm. wide. Pollen cones sessile, solitary and axil-

lary (only small cones emerging from buds seen), their sporophylls

crowded with the apex of sporophyll developed, acute-obtuse, scar-

ious and denticulate.

Distribution: Bolivia (through Brazil) to eastern Venezuela, the

former at elevation of 850-950 m., the latter at 1600 m.

Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: southeast-

facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, Steyermark 59989 (F, type, 111.)

766

FIET.DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Explanation of Figure 3.

Podocarpus magnifolius

Steyermark 59989. showing portion of branch

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV

767

Explanation of Figure 4.

Upper: Podocarpus pendulifolius

Steyermark 57114, showing staminate cones

Lower: Podocarpus pendulifolius

Steyermark 57215. showing seeds

768

FDELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 769

7. Podocarpus pendulifolius Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Am. Arb. 29:

138. 1948. (Fig. 4).

Small tree 6-7 m. tall (monoecious according to Steyermark).

Twigs stout with large spherical buds. Bud scales broadly ovate,

usually obtuse and scarious, keeled. Leaves drooping, very coria-

ceous, pale green, very shiny, narrowly lanceolate, flaccate, those

of vigorous shoots more nearly linear, acuminate, flat above mid vein

or double ridged with shallow groove between: margins (of leaves)

smooth and swollen, not revolute.

Pollen cones arising from sessile axillary buds with numerous

broadly ovate scales, cylindrical, becoming 2 cm. long or longer

and 6-7 mm. wide. Microsporophylls broadly expanded at tip, obtuse,

scarious and denticulate at margins. Ovulate cones axillary on

peduncles becoming 7-10 mm. 'long; receptacle glaucous, about as

long as seed. Seed glaucous green, spherical or slightly elongated

with a very small obtuse crest.

Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: TACHIRA and MERIDA:

below Paramo de la Negra, above La Grita, Steyermark 57115 with

seeds, type (111), 57114 with pollen cones (F, ill), 57113, young

ovulate cones (111). MERIDA: between La Cumbre, San Jose, and

Mucutuy, Steyermark 56238 (F, 111).

8. Podocarpus oleifolius var. trujillensis Buchh. & Gray, Journ.

Arn. Arb. 29: 141. 1948. (Fig. 5). :

A tree closely related to P. oleifolius as shown by their vegetative

buds with ovate bud scales, which are more carinate and narrower.

Leaves broader toward tip and less pointed than P. oleifolius^

intermediate between this and P. oleifolius var. macrostachyus, but

considerably longer (than var. macrostachyus). Pollen cones un-

a pair of fleshy scales with tips broadly clasping scales. Seeds

elongated, crested and ridged very similar to var. macrostachyus.

Specimens examined: ^ VENEZUELA: TRUJILLO: Steyermark

55335 (F, type, 111). MERIDA: Gehriger 469 (A, F, NY, PH, US,

Ven); Steyermark 56587 (F, 111). LARA: Steyermark 55222 (F, 111).

9. Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus (Parl.) Buchh. &

Gray, Journ, Arn. Arb. 29: 140. 1948. (Fig. 6).

A tree up to 15 m. tall with leaves crowded on much branched

twigs. Vegetative terminal buds sperical, scales thick, ovate,

obtuse with scarious margins. Leaves crowded, spreading, some-

what shiny, dark green above, paler dull green beneath, very stiffly

coriaceous, elliptical, short oblanceolate, obtuse, gradually

narrowed to a short petiole, 2-5 cm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, with a

distinct groove above the midvein, a ridge beneath. Pollen cones

on peduncles 3*5 mm. long, arising from buds in the axils of leaves

of previous year, cylindrical 2.5-3 cm. long, about 3-4 mm. in dia-

770

FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Explanation of Figure 6.

Upper: Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus

Fendler 1287

Lower: Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus

Steyermark 56968

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 771

meter, with many thick obtuse carinate scales at base of cone.

Microsporophylls with obtuse upturned apiculus. Female cones axil-

lary on peduncles about 5 mm. long; receptacle fleshy, about 11

mm. long, of 2 scales free at obtuse tip. Ovules 1-2. Seeds ovoid

10-12 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, distinctly crested at apex.

In Venezuela alone this variety might have the value of a distinct

species, but it becomes too variable to be recognized in Colombia.

Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: DISTRITO FEDERAL: El

Junquito, Steyermark 56968 (F, 111); Steyermark 56967 (F, 111); Schnee

32 (111, Ven.) ARAGUA: Colonia Tovar, Fendler 1287 (isotype,

NY, PH, G); Moritz 1677 (F, G). MERIDA: Paramo above San

Isidro Alto, Steyermark 56552 (F, 111). TA'cHIRA: Paramo de la

Negra, above La Grita, Steyermark 57085 (F, 111).

10. Podocarpus roraimae Pilger, in Notiz. Bot. Gard. Berlin 5:

229. 1903-

A tree 10-15 m. tall with dense foliage crowded on numerous

branched branchlets. Vegetative buds globose with outer scales

acuminate attenuate, becoming foliaceous. Leaves oval or obovate

to oblanceolate, shortly rotundate-angustate at tip somewhat obtuse,

gradually narrowed toward the base into a short petiole, 1.5-3 cm.

long, 4-7 mm. wide (those of vigorous branches and juvenile foliage

shortly subapiculate, up to 6 cm. long and 8 mm. wide), shiny dark

green above, dull green beneath, with an indistinct ridge above the

midvein, often replaced (especially toward the tip) by two smaller

ridges with a faint groove between. Pollen cones unknown. Female

peduncle 4-5 mm. long; receptacle 6 mm. long. Seed elongated, 6

mm. long, 4 mm. wide, with ridge and minute crest.

Distribution: Venezuela-Brazil border westward to Mount Duida,

at 2000-3000 m.

Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima,

Vie 40 (photo of type, F, G, fragment of type, F); Steyermark 58949

(F \2 sheets], 111). TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Mount

Duida, summit of peak no. 7, Tate 659 (NY, US).

11. Podocarpus tepuiensis Buchh. & Gray, Joum. Am. Arb. 29:

134-135. 1948. (Fig. 7).

Tree 10-15 m. tall with trunk up to 30 cm. in diameter. Buds

small, with scales broadly triangular, apiculate up to 2 mm. long.

Leaves densely crowded, broadly lanceolate, acute, 1.5-2 cm. long,

4-5 mm. wide, grooved above midvein, midrib prominent on lower

side below middle (of leaf), slightly revolute at margin, shiny dark

green above, dull green below, the base cuneately narrowed with

short peduncle or sessile. Pollen cones solitary, axillary, sessile,

up to 1 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. Microsporophylls with scarious

upturned tips. Seeds 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, beak crested.

772

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui',

alt. 1700-1800 m., Steyermark 59715 (F, 111); Steyermark 59716 (F,

type, 111).

Explanation of Figure 7.

Podocarpus tepuiensis

Steyermark 59716

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 773

TYPHACEAE

ANDES

Typha domingensis Pers.

ME RID A: swamp, in forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above

La Azulita, alt. 1310-1340 m., '56081.

In the "Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana" three species of Typha

are given: T. angustifolia L., T. domingensis Pers., and T. latifolia

L. It is probable that all three refer to one and the same species,

T. domingensis. As Fernald has shown, many specimens of T.

latifolia and T. angustifolia from South America in the Gray Herbar-

ium are misidentified T. truxillensis (- domingensis). In the Her-

barium of the Chicago Natural History Museum, this likewise is the

situation, not only in South American, but in Central American

material as well.

NAJADACEAE

RORAIMA

Najas conferta R. fir.

BOLIVAR: shallow water of slow stream, Gran Sabana, between

Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m«> 59164. A dark green aquatic herb.

Previously unrecorded from Venezuela.

ALISMACEAE

RORAIMA

Sagittaria pugioniformis L.

BOLIVAR: meander between Rio Kukenan and Divina Pastora,

Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Santa Elena, south

of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59258. An aquatic herb with showy

white petals, 3 cm. long. The brick-brown stems are submerged

about half their length in 2-3 feet of water. The lower half of the

leaves is submerged, while the upper half protrudes above the sur-

face of the water. First record for Venezuela.

GRAMINEAE 48

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Aristida tincta Trin. & Rupr.

Esmeralda Savanna, alt. 150 m., 57770. Colombia to Peru, Suri-

nam, and Brazil.

By Jason R. Swallen

774 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Chloris mollis (Nees) Swallen.

Woodland between Esmeralda Savanna and Cerro Duida, alt. 200

m., 57792 b.

Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase.

Sabana Grande, alt. 200 m., 57859. Guatemala; Panama to Peru,

Brazil, and Paraguay.

Mesosetum rottboelioides (H.B.K.) Hitchc.

Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58491. Venezuela, British Guiana, and

northern Brazil.

Axonopus affinis Chase.

Esmeralda Savanna, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57773.

Southeastern United States and the West Indies to Ecuador and

Argentina.

Axonopus aureus Beauv.

Esmeralda Savanna, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57769. Brit-

ish Honduras and the West Indies to Bolivia and Brazil.

P asp alum hyalinum Nees.

Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58479. Venezuela and Brazil.

Panic urn Kappleri Steud.

Swampy rills in savanna, between Esmeralda Savanna and Cerro

Duida, alt. 200 m., 57830. Venezuela and Surinam.

Panicuni cyanescens Nees.

Leaves blue green, swampy savanna between Esmeralda Savanna

and Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57802; savanna, between Esmeralda

Ridge and Sabana de Arboles, alt. 200 m., 57783. Venezuela to

Bolivia and Brazil.

Panicuni Rudgei Roem. & Schult.

In clump 3 ft. tall, woodland, between Esmeralda Savanna and

Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57791. Colombia to Bolivia, French Guiana,

and Brazil.

Ichnanthus panicoides Beauv.

Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), alt. 225 m., 57945. Colom-

bia to French Guiana and northern Brazil; Peru.

Olyra micrantha H.B.K.

Culms erect, 3 ft. tall, leaves gray green below, forest along Cano

Negro, alt. 260 m., 58075. Colombia to Surinam, Bolivia,

and Paraguay.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 775

Olyra longifolia H.B.K.

Culms 10 ft. tall, leaves gray green below, grass green above,

along Orinoco River, at mouth of Rio Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58431.

Colombia to Peru, Surinam, and northern Brazil.

Raddiella nana (Doell) Swallen.

In shade of boulders, Esmeralda Ridge, alt. 150 m., 57732. Trini-

dad; Venezuela to Surinam and northern Brazil.

Pariana vulgaris Tutin.

Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), alt. 215 ro«» 57914. Vene-

zuela, Peru, British Guiana, and northern Brazil.

Pharus virescens Doell.

Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), alt. 215 m., 57922. Domini-

can Republic; Guatemala to Brazil and Peru.

Trachypogon ligularis Nees.

Sabana Grande, alt. 200 m., 57858. Colombia, Venezuela, and

Brazil.

Tripsacum australe Cutler and Anders.

"Cano bravo," forming dense thickets, the culms 10 ft. tall, de-

cumbent at base, between Sabana Grande and Cerro Duida, alt. 200

m., 57875. Colombia to British Guiana, Bolivia, and Paraguay.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Arthrostylidium sp.

Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58293;

sterile, no culm sheaths.

Arthrostylidium sp.

In slightly more moist wooded thickets, Brocchinia Hills, summit

of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58155; sterile, no culm sheaths.

Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase.

Common, Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200

m., 58257. Colombia to British Guiana and Brazil.

Panicum curvifolium Swallen.

Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58226a.

Described from Mount Duida; previously known only from the type.

Panicum polycomum Trin.

Summit of Cerro Duida, along rocky banks of Cano Negro, between

Brocchinia Hills and Savanna Hills, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58206. Co-

lombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, and Brazil.

776 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Raddiella nana (Doell) Swallen.

Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58281.

RORAIMA

Chusquea linearis N. E. Brown.

Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt.

2040-2140 m., 58690; summit, on northwest portion north and north-

west of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58814; both sterile, no

culm sheaths.

Arthrostylidium sp.

On southwest-facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58920;

sterile, no culm sheaths.

Cortaderia columbiana (Pilger) Pilger.

Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m.,

58726.

Cortaderia roraimensis (N. E. Brown) Pilger.

Common on morros on exposed flat rocky surfaces, on northwest

portion of summit north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-

2740 m., 58851. Known only from Mount Roraima and Mount

Ptari-tepvu.

Aristida recurvata HBK.

Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora

on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.

1065 ni., 59249a; southwest-facing slopes of Mount Roraima between

base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt.

1220-1980 m., 59025. British Honduras; Panama; Colombia to British

Guiana and Brazil.

Aristida rip aria Trin.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59215. Venezuela to Paraguay;

Bolivia.

Aristida tincta Trin.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru', in valley of Rio

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59079. Colom-

bia to Peru, Surinam, and Brazil.

Aristida Pittieri Henr.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59167. Colombia to British Guiana.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 777

Sporobolus cubensis Hitchc.

Dry burned areas, Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-pani,

in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220

m., 59046. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Colombia and

British Guiana; Brazil (Matto Grosso); Bolivia.

Gymnopogon foliosus (Willd.) Nees.

Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru

and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59203. West Indies; Venezuela to

Surinam and Brazil; Peru.

Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl.

On sandstone bluffs of Roraima, between Rondon Camp and base

of bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58995. Mexico to Bolivia.

Luziola bahiensis (Steud.) Hitchc.

In water of wooded quebrada, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at

Rue-meni and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena,

south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59219. Alabama, Cuba, Vene-

zuela, and Brazil.

Arundinella hispida (D.C.) Kuntze.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59132; forested southwest-facing que-

brada near Rondon Camp, on slopes of Roraima, alt. 2040 m., 58664.

Panama to Argentina.

Leptocorypheum lanatum (H.B.K.) Nees.

Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa

Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59301. Mexico

and the West Indies to Argentina.

Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59058. Guate-

mala; Panama to Peru, Brazil, and Paraguay.

Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase.

Common, Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley

of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59040.

Colombia to British Guiana and Brazil.

Axonopus caulescens (Mez) Henr.

Forested southwest-facing quebrada on Mount Roraima near Rondo'n

Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58653; same locality, alt. ;2040-2130 m., 58696.

Surinam and Venezuela.

778 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Axonopus kaietukensis S wall en.

Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora

on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.

1065 m., 59242. British Guiana (Kaieteur Savannas [type]), and

Venezuela.

Paspalum contractum Pilger.

Southwest-facing slopes of Mount Roraima between base of moun-

tain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m.,

59024. Colombia to British Guiana and northern Brazil.

Paspalum pectinatum Nees.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, tributary of

Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59150. Mexico

(Oaxaca) to Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil.

Paspalum hyalinum Nees.

Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru

and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59157. Venezuela and Brazil.

Paspalum gossipinum Mez.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, (tributary

of Rib Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59145.

Venezuela and Brazil.

Panicum stenodoides F. T. Hubb.

Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan and Santa

Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915'1005 m., 59273. Britisli

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, Venezuela, and Brazil.

Panicum Rudgei Roem. & Schult.

Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru anid Divina Pastora

on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.

1065 nu, 59249. Colombia to Bolivia, French Guiana, and Brazil.

Panicum parvifolium Lam.

Culms in dense colonies, ascending, Gran Sabana, between

Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount

Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59275.

Panicum Kappleri Steud.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru' in valley of Rib

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59081. Vene-

zuela and Surinam.

Panicum cyanescens Nees.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru in valley of Rib

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59077;

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 779

southwest-facing slopes of Roraima, Glycon Swamp and vicinity,

alt. 1830-1920 m., 58643. Venezuela to Bolivia and Brazil.

Panicum eligulatum N. £. Brown.

Common on exposed flat rocky slopes, in colonies, on northwest

portion of summit, north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-

2740 m., 58856. Described from Mount Roraima. Previously known

only from the type collection.

Panicum olyroides H.B.K.

Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora

on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.

1065 m., 59240.

Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro.

Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora

on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.

1065 m., 59232. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Isachne ligulata Swallen.

In colonies, forested south west- facing slopes of Roraima between

Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 59009;

forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040

m., 58656. Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

Olyra micrantha H.B.K.

Along wooded quebrada, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-

meru and Divina Pastora on Rib Kukena'n north of Santa Elena, south

of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59224. Colombia to Surinam, Bolivia,

and Paraguay.

Raddiella nana (Doell) Swallen.

Between base of Roraima at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon

Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59018. Trinidad; Venezuela to Surinam

and northern Brazil.

Eriochrysis cayennensis Beauv.

"Cari-yarena." Southwest-facing slopes, Glycon Swamp and

vicinity, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58641. Southern Mexico and the West

Indies to Uruguay.

Ischaemum latifolium (Spreng.) Kunth.

Southwest-facing slopes, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, alt. 1830-

1920 m., 58626. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Ecuador

and Brazil.

Trachypogon ligularis Nees.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59059. Colom-

bia, Venezuela, and Brazil.

780 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Trachypogon vestitus Anders.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59147. Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil,

and Peru.

Elionurus adustus (Trin.) Ekman.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in vall.ey of Rib

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59061, 59100.

Colombia to British Guiana and Argentina; Bolivia.

Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio

Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59055;

southwest-facing slopes between base of Roraima at Quebrada

Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59020, 59035,

59036. Southeastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina.

Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065*1220 m., 59116. South-

ern United States and the West Indies to Paraguay and Brazil.

Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth.

Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora

on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt.

1065 m., 59241. Florida, the West Indies, and eastern Mexico to

Ecuador and Argentina.

Andropogon virgatus L.

Southwest-facing slopes between base of Roraima at Quebrada

Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59013. The West

Indies and Costa Rica to Brazil.

Andropogon bicornis L.

Southwest-facing slopes between base of Roraima at Quebrada

Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59012. Southern

Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina.

Andropogon leucostachyus H.B.K.

Along streamlet, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59133; between Kun and Uaduara-panf,

in valley of Rib Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065*1220

m., 59045. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Hyparrhenia bracteata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Stapf.

Common, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina

Pastora on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima,

alt. 1065 m., 59243. Southern Mexico to Bolivia and Paraguay.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 781

PTARI-TEPUI

Arthrostylidium sp.

Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,

along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," observed from above

camp site to base of bluffs and on bluffs proper, alt. 1810-2100 m.,

59525; sterile, no culm sheaths; summit of Carrao-tepui', alt. 2470-

2500 m., 60906, also sterile, is believed to be conspecific.

Arthrostylidium sp.

On densely wooded slopes of narrow ridge between quebrada and

summit, Sororopan-tepuT, alt. 2100-2200 m., 60182, "common";

sterile, no culm sheaths.

? Arthrostylidium sp.

Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja,

alt. 1220 m., 60759; sterile, no culm sheaths.

Chusquea linearis N. E. Brown.

Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.

2410-2450 m., 59955; summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2400-2470 m.,

60905; both sterile, no culm sheaths.

Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) Beauv.

"Peurauyek" (Indian); "Veroz" (Spanish); the stem is used for

arrows, the arrow part called "peurau"; lower portion of Quebrada

O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kava-

nayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60586. Southern Mexico and the West Indies

to Paraguay.

Cortaderia roraimensis (N. E. Brown) Pilger.

On moist face of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, Ptari-tepui,

alt. ;2400-2410 m., 59608. Previously known only from the type col-

lection from Mount Roraima.

Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl.

Rocky hematite, open slopes, Sororopan-tepui', alt. 2225*2255 m.,

60077. Mexico to Bolivia.

Arundinella hispida (D.C.) Kuntze.

Rocky hematite, summit of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225*2255 nu>

60074. Panama to Argentina.

Luziola bahiensis (Steud.) Hitchc.

Rocky stream bank, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rib

Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava-

naye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60492. Alabama, Cuba, Venezuela, and Brazil.

782 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Leptocorypheum lanatum (H.B.K.) Nees.

Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita

de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60315. Mexico

and the West Indies to Argentina.

Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase.

Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent

to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepuf,

alt. 1600 m., 59666; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa be-

tween Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m.," 60246. Colombia

to British Guiana and Brazil.

Thrasya robusta Hitchc. & Chase.

"Wiri-yu." Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rib

Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915*1065 m.,

60575. Trinidad, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Thrasya trinitensis Mez.

Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita

de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60314. Trinidad,

British Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, and northern Brazil.

Mesosetum rottboelioides (H.B.K.) Hitchc.

Savanna bordering forest of Rib Karuai, between Santa Teresita

de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60332. Vene-

zuela, British Guiana and northern Brazil.

Axonopus caulescens (Mez) Henr.

By edge of waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of

Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1616 m., 60207. Surinam (Table Mountain) and

Venezuela. Described from Mount Roraima.

Hasp alum decumbens Swartz.

On moist rocky banks, Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao,

about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt.

1220 m., 60501; rocky stream bank on densely forested slopes of

Ptari-tepui' along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below

"Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59455. Guatemala and the West

Indies to Brazil and Bolivia.

Paspalum hyalinum Nees.

Savanna bordering forest of Ri'o Karuai, between Santa Teresita

de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60313. Vene-

zuela and Brazil.

Panicum poly co mum Trin.

Wet sandy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Tere-

sita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rib Karuai, on large mesa, alt.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 783

1220 m., 59346. Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana and northern

Brazil.

Panicum cyanescens Nees.

Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita

de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-

1220 m., 60362. Venezuela to Bolivia and Brazil.

Panicum Tatei Swallen.

(P. tropidoblephare Tutin).

Wet sandy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Tere-

sita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220

m., 59343; Ptari-tepui, sandy and rocky sandstone exposures, on

level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-

facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59669. The latter specimen differs

from the preceding and also from the type of P. Tatei in having

rather densely hairy foliage. Specimens collected from the Kaieteur

Savannas, British Guiana, are intermediate, the leaves being hairy

only toward the summit of the sheaths and at the base of the blade.

Panicum glutinosum Swart z.

Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao,

below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915*1065 m«» 60529. Colom-

bia to Bolivia and Argentina.

Panicum pantricum Hack.

Sprawling, ascending, in dense colonies, Ptari-tepui, along base

of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59906. Panama

to Brazil.

Panicum pandum Swallen.

Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, be-

tween Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui', alt.

1220 m., 60327a. Previously known only from the type collection

from Mount Auyan-tepui.

Ichnanthus axillaris (Nees) Hitchc. & Chase.

Edge of conuco, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of

Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915'1065 m.,

60547. Guatemala and the West Indies to Ecuador and Brazil.

Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro.

Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along fastrrunning

stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt.

1500 m., 59432. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchc. & Chase.

Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita

de Kavanayen and Rib Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-

784 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

1220 m., 60429. British Honduras and Trinidad to Colombia and

Brazil.

Isachne ligulata Swallen.

Crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255 m*,60107a. Colombia, Ecuador,

and Venezuela.

Olyra lateralis (Presl) Chase.

"Wanak," Indian name for grass thatch in general; by waterfall,

swampy savanna between Rio Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along

Rib Karuai, at south-western base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60705;

margin of woods bordering savanna, Gran Sabana, between Mission

of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Ri'o Karuai, alt. 1220

m., 59380. Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Peru, and Bolivia.

Erianthus asper Nees.

Along woods in draw, summit of Sororopah-tepui', alt. 2225'2255

m., 60084. Venezuela, -Brazil and Argentina (Missiones).

Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth.

Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita

de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60318. South-

eastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina.

Andropogon virgatus L.

Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita

de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60319. South-

eastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina.

Andropogon bicornis L.

Crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255 m.,_ 60128. Southern Mexico

and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina.

Andropogon leucostachyus H.B.K.

Dry savanna, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de

Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m. ,

59384. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Trachypogon ligularis Nees.

Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent

to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepuf,

alt. 1600 m., 59667. Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Arthrostylidium Trinii Rupr.

ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering

tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m.,

61115, 61116; both in flower, but lacking culm sheaths.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 785

Arthrostylidium sp.

ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed

shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia

(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,

east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61633; sterile, no culm sheaths.

Chusquea Fendleri Munro.

ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed

shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia

(Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales,

east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61635; in flower, but lacking

culm sheaths.

Streptochaeta spicata Schrad.

"Carrizillo." ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La

Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt.

800-1100 m., 61087. Guatemala and Trinidad to Ecuador and Brazil.

Brachypodium mexicanum Link.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-

dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62489. Mexico to

Bolivia.

Eragrostis domingensis (Presl) Steud.

SUCRE: along lagoon below coconut trees, valley of Bordones,

southwest of Cumaria, 0-10 m., 62889. The West Indies and south-

eastern Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela.

Streptogyne crinita Beauv.

SUCRE: along stream in shade, southern slopes of Cerro Imposible,

between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible,

alt. 140-220 m., 62845. Mexico (Vera Cruz) and Trinidad to northern

Brazil.

Zeugites mexicana (Kunth) Trin.

ANZOATEGUI: steep forested slopes above headwaters of Que-

brada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Berganti'n and Cerro Peom'a

(Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1700 m., 61554. Southern Mexico to

Bolivia.

Trisetum irazuense (Kunth) Hitchc.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini-

dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62488. MONAGAS:

Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe,

alt. 1500-2180 m., 62083. Mexico to Ecuador.

Agrostis Humboldtiana Steud.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern

786 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

peak, alt. 2500 m., 62608; moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge

connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt.

2200 m., 62630; in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western

extension of southern peak of Cerro Tururaiquire), and Cerro de

Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62710.

Colombia to Venezuela and Bolivia.

Calamagrostis Pittieri Hack.

ANZOATEGUI: along crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro

Peonfa (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan-

tiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61654. SUCRE: Cerro

Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of

sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62599. Colombia

and Venezuela.

Pereilema Beyrichianum (Kunth) Hitchc.

"Sabisoro montanera." ANZOATEGUI: along ledges of bluffs,

by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with

Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 400-500 m., 61198.

Venezuela, Ecuador, and Brazil.

Sporobolus cubensis Hitchc.

SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar,

alt. 820 m., 62389. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil

and Bolivia.

Aristida cogrtata Trin. & Rupr.

SUCRE: dry rocky chaparral near Quetepe, between kms. 18-20,

east of Cumana, alt. 30 m., 62879. Venezuela.

Aristida setifolia H.B.K.

SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol-

lar, alt. 820 m., 62388. Venezuela and northern Brazil.

Stipa ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth.

MONAGAS: common on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana

de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62054. Mex-

ico to Argentina.

Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl.

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras» north-

west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62088. Mexico to Bolivia.

Arundinella hispida (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kuntze.

MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras

and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61821.

Panama to Argentina.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 787

Trichachne sacchariflora (Raddl) Chase.

SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol-

lar, alt. 820 m., 62395. Venezuela to Peru and Argentina.

Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees.

SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco

along headwaters of Rio Manzanares, along highway between

Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62412. Texas to Florida;

Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Digitaria horizontals Willd.

MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras

and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61828.

Throughout tropical and subtropical regions.

P asp alum plicatuluni var. longipilum Hack.

MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras

and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61826.

Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil.

Panicum glutinosum Swartz.

MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras

and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61827.

Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Panicum Sellowii Nees.

MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras

and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61825.

Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay.

Panicum tremulosum Mez.

ANZOATEGUI: along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit,

Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib

Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61643. Venezuela.

Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchc.

ANZOATEGUI: along Ri'o Zumbador and tributary, near base of

Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61328.

British Honduras and Trinidad to Colombia and Brazil.

Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro.

"Cuerda de pipe." ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rib Leon by

Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt.

500 m., 61032. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Lasiacis procerrima (Hack.) Hitchc.

"Pito-pito." ANZOATEGUI: edge of conuco, Cerro La Danta,

bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100

m., 61115. Mexico to Peru.

788 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv.) Hitchc. & Chase.

MONAGAS: brushy open slopes of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona

Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 900 m., 61869.

Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina.

Isachne rigens (Swartz) Trin.

ANZOATEGUI: on rocky exposed portion of knife-edge ridge above

tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head-

waters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantih, alt. 1800-2000 m.,

61601a. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of

broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern

peak, alt. 2200 m., 62659. Jamaica, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv.

"Paja del Rio." ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tribu-

tary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-

1000 m., 61272, 61291. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Olyra cordifolia H.B.K.

"Carrizilla." ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La

Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leo'n, northeast of Bergantfn, alt.

800-1100 m., 61101. Southern Mexico to British Guiana and northern

Brazil; Peru.

Pharus parvifolius Nash.

MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,

tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between

Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62181. Mexico and the West

Indies to Brazil.

Pharus glaber H.B.K.

ANZOATEGUI: between Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos) and Cerro

Negro, east of Bergantfn, alt. 900-1600 m., 61706. Mexico and the

West Indies to Brazil.

Pharus latifolius L.

"Botoncillo." ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary,

near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000

m., 61270. British Honduras and the West Indies to Peru and Brazil.

Eriochrysis cayennensis Beauv.

SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western ex-

tension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), and Cerro de Neverf,

along headwaters of Rfo de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62724. Southern

Mexico and the West Indies to Uruguay.

Elyonurus adustus (Trin.) Ekra.

"Cabezona." SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 789

valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62385. Colombia to British Guiana,

Bolivia, and Argentina.

Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth.

ANZOATEGUI: on rocky exposed portion of knife-edge ridge

above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz,

headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800-2000

m., 61637. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo

(western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), and

Cerro de Neveri', along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m.,

62723. Southeastern United States and the West Indies to

Argentina.

Andropogon condensatus var. panic ulatus (Kunth) Hack.

SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol-

lar, alt. 820 m., 62394. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Andropogon bicornis L.

SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western ex-

tension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven,

along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62729. ANZOA-

TEGUI: along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro

Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manan-

tiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61642. Southern Mexico and

the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina.

Andropogon leucostachys H.B.K.

SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar,

alt. 820 m., 62393; in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (west-

ern extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de

Neveri, along headwaters of Rib de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62714.

Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

Hyparrhenia bracteata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Stapf.

MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras

and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61815.

Mexico to Paraguay.

Tripsacum latifolium Hitchc.

"Guatemala." "Pasto Cubano." MONAGAS: planted as forage,

along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on

property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m.,

61963. Southern Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies.

790 FEELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

CYPERACEAE

Tribe CYPEREAE

RORAIMA

Cyperus digitatus Roxb.

BOLIVAR: along rocky cascades of Ri'o Upata, west of Upata,

alt. 500 m., 57553. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela.

PTARI-TEPuf

Cyperus Haspan L., subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kuk.

BOLIVAR: by fast water in savanna and shrubby growth bordering

forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base

of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 603 34 a.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Cyperus laevigatus L.

SUCRE: creeping at hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan

and Cumana, southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62858. Previously

unrecorded from Venezuela.

Cyperus oxlepis Nees.

SUCRE: around airport at Cumana, alt. 5 m., 57653.

Tribe SCIRPEAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Bulbostylis aturensis (Maury) C. B. Clarke.

Moist pockets in rocks, vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo,

tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58495. This diminutive

species was originally collected in the vicinity of Atures on the

Orinoco River by Maury, and described by him in 1889 as a new

species of Scirpus. The present collection, just south of the type

locality, is the second one known.

Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth.

Dry gravelly open place in savanna between Esmeralda Ridge and

Sabana de Arboles, southeast of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57785.

Bulbostylis leucostachya (H.B.K.) Kunth.

Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rib Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco

River, alt. 100 m., 58477.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 791

Eleocharis a(f. subfoliata Clarke. 48a

On moist banks along Rio Sanariapo, 58492. Eleocharis subfoliata

is an aquatic species known from Brazil and British Guiana.

RORAIMA

Bulbostylis junciformis (H.B.K.) Lindm.

Southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada

Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 5902 2a.

Eleocharis capillacea Kunth.48b

Swampy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib

Kukenah and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m.,

59261 and 59281. A creeping plant with black achenes, known pre-

viously only from southern Brazil and Paraguay.

48c

Eleocharis squamigera Svenson.

Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondo'n

Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58985. Known

previously only from Jaguarihyna, Parana, Brazil. The markings are

less prominent than in the original collection (cf. Rhodora, pi. 320,

fig- 8).

PTARI -TEPUl'

Eleocharis filiculmis Kunth.48d

Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms.

east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.,

60507. Cespitose, with trigonous white to brown achenes. Mexico

to Argentina.

Eleocharis pachystyla (C. Wright) Clarke.48*

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rib

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59048. A

coarse species with obovate heads, known from Cuba to Colombia.

This collection has many of the achenes somewhat flattened rather

than trigonous; some of the styles are correspondingly bifid.

48aBy H. K. Svenson ^By H. K. Svenson

^kfiy H. K. Svenson ^By H. K. Svenson

48cBy H. K. Svenson

792 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kuntb.

SUCRE: on ledge east of Boquefon, Cerro Turumiquire, between

eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered

knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62681.

A of

Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban.

SUCRE: in mats along stream, headwaters of Rio de Amana, in

valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of south-

ern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neveri', alt. 2000 m.,

62746. A creeping plant with lenticular brown achenes. Southern

United States to Brazil.

Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl.

SUCRE: in dense tufts along lagoon below coconut trees, sand

dunes and flats in valley of Bordones, southwest of Cumana, alt.

0-10 m., 62890.

ANDES

Scirpus inundatus (R. Br.) Poir.

TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10

kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57337. Both genus and

species previously unrecorded from Venezuela.

Eleocharis stenocarpa Svenson. *

ME RID A: on spongy ground in open swamps above La Carbonera,

alt. ;2430 m., 56007. A coarse representative of the Acicularis group

restricted to mountains of Venezuela and northern Colombia.

Tribe RHYNCHOSPOREAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Rhynchospora graminea Uitten.

Savanna between Esmeralda Ridge and Sabana de Arboles, south-

east of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57781. A species previously

reported as confined to the Guianas, this is its first record for

Venezuela.

By H. K. Svenson

^By H. K. Svenson

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 793

Rhynchospora longispicata Boeckl.

Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco

River, alt. 100 m., 58480. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela.

Rhynchospora prolifera (Nees) Clarke.

En los pozos sobre lajas graniticas, margen del Cano Temi, Ya-

vita, alt. 127 m., L. Williams 14055; boca del Cano Ichana, Bajo

Cano San Miguel, Rio Guainia, alt. 125 m., L. Williams 14892; en

los sitios rocosos en la margen del Cano Durotomoni, Alto Casi-

quiare, alt. 120 m., L. Williams 15519. This species, originally

found in the Guianas, has not been reported hitherto from Venezuela.

Rhynchospora tenuis Link.

Overflowed savanna, vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo,

tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58484.

Dichromena monostachya (Boeckl.) C. B. Clarke.

This tiny plant growing in clumps with soft dull green leaves, and

whitish heads of flowers, is reminescent in habit of some of the

Eriocaulaceae. Near Orinoco River, between Esmeralda and Esmer-

alda Ridge, in Esmeralda Savanna, alt. 150 m., 57775. Previously

unrecorded for Venezuela, although known from Brazil, eastern

Colombia, and British Guiana.

RORAIMA

Rhynchospora albo-marginata Kukenthal.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59151. Originally collected by Ule on

the Rio Branco, Amazonas, Brazil, this is apparently the second

record for the species, and the first for Venezuela.

Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler.

(R. immensa Kuk. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 56. Beibl. 125: 17-18. 1921>

Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, Mount

Roraima, alt. 2040 m., 58665. This plant matches Kukenthal's

description of R. immensa, based on Ule 8541 from the forests of

Roraima at an elevation of 1400 meters. The present collection was

taken at 2040 meters near the base of the high line of sandstone

bluffs. Apparently R. immensa is synonymous with R. aristata,

since the two do not appear to be separable.

Since the leaves of R. immensa were not adequately described in

the original description, an emended description of them, based upon

Steyermark 58665 is given: culmus 1 m. altus foliatus; foliis anguste

lineari-lanceolatis, 35-55 cm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis, marginibus et

infra costa scabridulis; vaginis 8-8.5 cm. longis, 8 mm. in diametro

glabris praeter pilos adpressos paucos prope ore concavo.

794 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth.

Collected at various stations on the slopes of Roraima: forested

south west- facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58652a;

southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada

Ka-hua-pani and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59011 and 59027.

Of wide distribution in tropical America, extending from Panama and

the West Indies to Brazil.

Rhynchospora brevirostris Griseb.

Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa

Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59299. Previously

unrecorded for Venezuela.

Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59088. Not

previously recorded for Venezuela.

Rhynchospora hirsuta Vahl.

Swampy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio

Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005

m., 59259.

Rhynchospora leptostachya Boeckl.

Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, Mount

Roraima, alt. 2040 m., 58646. Previously known from Venezuela on

the basis of 1m Thurn 253 from Mount Roraima, where it was collected

about 200 meters lower elevation.

Rhynchospora longispicata Boeckl.

Swampy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio

Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915*1005

m., 59269. Previously unrecorded for Venezuela.

Rhynchospora Marisculus Lindl. & Nees.

Locally called "maican." Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-

facing slopes, Mount Roraima, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58627. Previously

unreported from Venezuela, this species has been confused with

R. rugosa (T. glauca), a species having a deltoid tubercle, equalled

or slightly exceeded by the bristles, and corrugate achenes, whereas

in R. Marisculus the tubercle is deltoid-attenuate, well exceeded by

the bristles, and the achenes are nearly smooth or transversely

rugose and finely striate.

Rhynchospora nardifolia (Nees) Boeckl.

South west- facing slopes between base of Mount Roraima at Que-

brada Ka-hua-paru* and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59019;

[ BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 795

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59166. New to Venezuela.

Rhynchospora roraimae Kukenthal.

A small tufted plant with wiry culms, found in wet situations on

both the northern and southern half of the summit. Shallow water in

Central Swamp, on southern half of the summit, alt. 2700 m., 58902;

wet depressions in rocks at top of morros, on northwest portion north

and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58852.

Im Thurn 253 from Roraima, identified by Ridley as R. capillacea

Torr. in Oliver's Botany of the Roraima Expedition of 1884, p. 287,

is actually R. roraimae Kuk. In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana,

P. 127, R. capillacea is included on the basis of this Im Thum col-

lection, while R. roraimae is omitted. As indicated, however, Im

Thurn 's collection was misidentified, and should be referred to R.

roraimae.

Rhynchospora nigosa (Vahl) Gale, in Rhodora 45: 275-278. 1944.

In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, vol. l, p. 128, in Las

Ciperaceas del Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, p. 67, and in

Oliver's Botany of the Roraima Expedition of 1884, p. 287, the name

R. glauca Vahl is used. As Dr. Shirley Gale (Mrs. Chester E. Cross)

has shown, however, the proper combination for this species is R.

rugosa, based upon Schoenus rugosus Vahl, 1798. Collections of

this species were taken from the lower slopes of Roraima (south west-

facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru'

and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1333-1630 m., 59022), and from the Gran

Sabana at a lower elevation (Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-

paru, in valley of Ri'o Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-

1220 m., 59039).

PTARI-TEPUI

Rhynchospora arenicola Uitt.

Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent

to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600

m., 59668. Previously known only from Surinam and British Guiana.

This species is described as having leaves 2-3 mm- wide, but the

Venezuelan collection cited above has narrower leaves only 1-1.5

mm. wide with involute margins.

Rhynchospora cephalotes Vahl.

Common ground cover, Ptari-tepui, forest between base of cerro

and Ri'o Karuai, alt. 1250 m., 59412; by fast water bordering forest

of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of

Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60333.

796 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Rhynchospora curvula Griseb.

Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, be-

tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayeh and base of Ptari-tepui, alt.

1220 m., 60343. Previously known only from Surinam, British

Guiana, and Trinidad.

Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth.

Locally called "sara-warei-yek, " this species grows here in

clumps with erect stems over a meter tall. Upper drier portion of

forest below mesa, on wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, be-

tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rfo Pacairao, a^lt. 1065*

1220 m., 60363. Previously unreported from Venezuela.

Rhynchospora Marisculus Nees.

Stems in clumps nearly a meter tall, in swampy places by stream-

let, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro, alt. 2255 m., 60146 and 60115.

Rhynchospora nardifolia (Nees) Boeckl.

Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level

ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing

slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59663.

Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl.

On moist spots of hematite outcrops, Sororopa'n-tepui', crest of

cerro, alt. 2255 m., 60132.

Rhynchospora Ruiziana Boeckeler.

On dripping boulders and base of east-facing high sandstone

bluffs, Ptari-tepm, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59940. Previously unre-

corded from Venezuela.

Dichromena rigidifolia Gilly, in Gleason & Killip, Brittonia 3: 154.

1939.

Dry sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on

plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600

m. , 59659. Also known from Auyan-tepui', Cerro Yavi', and Cerro

Duida.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Rhynchospora aristata Boeckl.

MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras

and Ce^o Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 12,00-1500 m., 61828.

ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south-

west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61482a; cloud forest on wooded

summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head-

waters of Ri'o Manantiales, east of Bergantm, alt. 2350 m., 61696.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 797

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad

ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak,

alt. 2200 m., 62629. Previously unknown this far east in Venezuela.

Rhynchospora Gollmeri Boeckl.

ANZOATEGUI: dried-up sphagnum bog, cloud forest on wooded

summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head-

waters of Ri'o Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 2350 m., 61669.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak,

alt. 2500 m., 62607.

This rare species was originally collected by Gollmer in the

vicinity of Caracas and described by Boeckeler in Linnaea, vol. 37,

p. 556 (1871-73). It has apparently not been re-collected since

until the present collections. It is only listed as a species in the

"Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana," without citation of any col-

lection. Steyermark 55628, collected in the Distrito Federal, on

the Paramo de Cie'nega, in the Cordillera del Avila, between Los

Venados and Pico Oriental, is near the type locality in the vicinity

of Caracas. The collections cited above (61669 and 62607) repre-

sent the easternmost known stations for this species, while Steyer-

mark 57203 from the state of Tachira near the Colombian border

(swampy meadow in Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 2500

m.), represents the westernmost known limit.

Rhynchospora tenerrima Boeckl., 1871-73? not R. tenerrima Spreng.

is synonymous with R. Gollmeri. The latter was published on p.

556 of Linnaea, vol. 37, while R. tenerrima Boeckl. was published

on p. 554 of the same volume. Although R. tenerrima Boeckl. has

priority of page publication, it is invalidated by the earlier published

R. tenerrima Spreng., leaving R. Gollmeri as the first available name

for the species.

Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl.

Local name "cortadero." ANZOATEGUI: in dense tufts along

bluffs along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca,

northeast of Bergantm, alt. 800-1000 m., 61293.

Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale.

(R. glauca Vahl).

SUCRE: swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing

headwaters of Rib Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000

m., 62699. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las

Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m.,

61805.

Dichromena ciliata Vahl.

SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol-

lar, alt. 820 m., 62367.

798 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS

Rhynchospora rudis C. B. Clarke.

Apparently a rare species, originally collected by Fendler at

Colonia Tovar in the state of Aragua. A recent collection, Steyer-

mark 56908, was taken in the Distrito Federal (between Los Vena-

dos and Guayabo Mocho, Cordillera del Avila, alt. 1765 m.)» and was

noted to be over a meter tall with dark blue-green leaves.

Tribe HYPOLYTREAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Diplasia karatae folia L. C. Rich.

First woodland between Esmeralda Ridge and swampy savanna,

between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of cerro, alt.

200 m., 57797.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Diplasia karataefolia L. C. Rich.

Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of CarTo

Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57956.

Hypolytrum pulchrum (Rudge) Pfeiffer.

Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58271.

RORAIMA

Hypolytrum pulchrum (Rudge) Pfeiffer.

Rather common in the Gran Sabana south of the mountain as well

as on its lower slopes. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-

paru, in valley of Rio Kukerian, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-

1220 m., 59083 and 59089a; Mount Roraima, southwest-facing slopes

between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon

swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59021. This last collection (59021) and

58271 from the summit of Duida differ from typical H. pulchrum in

their narrower leaves (5-6 mm. wide or less), and branched inflores-

cences with shorter more ovoid spikes. The branched inflorescences

of 59021 and 58271 resemble H. rigens Nees of Brazil, which is

considered by many authors synonymous with H. pulchrum. However,

the difference in appearance is quite marked in those inflorescences

with narrowly cylindrical spikes, such as is considered typical in

H. pulchrum, and in those having capitate or subcapitate inflores-

cences with shorter more ovoid spikes, as are found in 59021 and

58277.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 799

Lipocarpha Sellowiana Kunth.

(Ascolepis venezuelensis Schnee, in Bol. Soc. Ven. 9, no. 57:

5-6. 1943).

Moist sandy openings along small stream in savanna, between

Ciudad Bolivar and Rio Carorii, alt. 100 m., 57567. The obovate

glumes, which are truncate and mucronate at apex, and the ^oblong-

lanceolate achenes, used as key characters by Schnee ^f or his

Ascolepis venezuelensis, together with his plate, show, without

any doubt, that this is the same species as what is passing as

Lipocarpha Sellowiana Kunth. The latter has the glumes obovate-

cuneiform, dilated trilobed-cuspidate at the apex, many-nerved, and

more or less purple-lined.

There is some question about the proper use of the name Lipo-

carpha Sellowiana. Probably both L. Sellowiana and L. Humboldt-

iana Nees are identical. The latter was used by Nees as a new

name to replace Hypolytrum argenteum H.B.K. (1815), based on a

Humboldt and Bonpland plant found in the Upper Orinoco. Boeckeler

in 1871 took up Hypolytrum argenteum and transferred it to Lipo-

carpha. It is not certain, however, whether L. argentea is con-

specific with L. Sellowiana and L. Humboldtiana. If it is, then

Lipocarpha argentea (H.B.K.) Boeckl. becomes the name of the

plant now passing as L. Sellowiana and L. Humboldtiana. Until a

more careful study has been made between these species, the name

L. Sellowiana is being retained at present.

Ascolepis brasiliensis (Kunth) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke.

Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan and Santa

Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59300. The dis-

tribution of this species is interesting, because it is common to

both Africa and South America.

PTARI-TEPUl'

Diplasia karataefolia L. C. Rich.

Forest between base of cerro and Rib Karuai, alt. 1250 m., 59413.

Hypolytrum sylvaticum Poepp. & Kunth.

Along Ri'o Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja,

alt. 1220 m., 60798. Previously unknown from the Venezuelan

Guyana.

Schnee, L. Las Ciperaceas del Herbario Nacional de Venezuela,

Bol. Soc. Ven. 9, no. 57: 5-6. 1943.

800 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Tribe SCLERIAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Scleria micrococca (Liebm.) Steud.

Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco

River, alt. 100 m., 58490. In the "Catalogo de la Flora Venezo-

lana," p. 129, Tate 1198 from Auyan-tepui'is citedunder S. Liebmanni

Steud., which is considered to be synonymous with S. micrococca

by Core.481

Scleria stipularis Nees.

In clumps 1.3 meters tall, between Sabana Grande and southeastern

base of cerro, alt. 200 m., 57874. Previously reported in Venezuela

from the RK> Casiquiare.

Calyptrocarya glomerulata Nees.

Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of cerro, alt.

200 m., 57820o.

RORAIMA

Scleria bracteata Cav

Southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada

Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59032; forested

southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58647.

Previously reported from Roraima without exact locality.

Scleria cyperina Kunth

Southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada

Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59031. Previous-

ly reported from Duida

Scleria hirtella Sw.

Philip Swamp, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1675 m., 58622.

Known locally as "atuca-miri." Previously reported from Roraima

without exact locality.

Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw.

Upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata, alt. 500

m., 57539.

1Core, Earl. The American Species of Scleria. Brittonia 2, pt. 1:

32. 1936.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 801

Scleria micrococca (Liebm.) Steud.

Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa

Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59297. Known in

Venezuela also from Auyan-tepuf (Tate 1198) and Duida.

Scleria Purdiei Clarke.

Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between Kun and

base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 ni., 58540. Known locally as

"atuca-miri," the rhizome is used in an infusion for treating colds.

This is the first record of the species from the Venezuelan Guyana.

Previously known in Venezuela from Distrito Federal.

Scleria scabra Til Id.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru', in valley of Ri'o

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59060. Pre-

viously known in Venezuela from the eastern part of the Cordillera

de la Costa in the state of Sucre.

Scleria verticillata Muhl.

Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru'

and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of

Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59198.

PTARI-TEPllf

Scleria arundinacea Kunth.

South-facing densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch

River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59240a; along

streamlet of quebrada, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tribu-

tary of Rib Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-

1065 m., 60539. A tall sedge with the winged dull purple culms

nearly a meter tall. Known locally as "sara." First record of this

species from the Venezuelan Guyana.

Scleria bracteata Cav.

Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao,

below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60571. This

sprawling plant which clings tenaciously to the clothes is known

locally as "sara."

Scleria cyperina Kunth.

Southeastern portion of base of Carrao-tepui', alt. 1460-1615 ro.,

60846. The sprawling stems and the leaves have cutting edges.

Steyermark 59031 from Roraima has short stems 3.5 dm. tall, while

60846 from Carrao-tepiii' has more elongated ones. Both, however,

have the scales of the spikelets stramineous and the ligules

typically unappendaged.

802 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Scleria secans (L.) Urban.

Lower portion of wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between

Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rfo Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m.,

60433. Known locally as "carinosa" or "sara," this is the worst

of the various species encountered as regards cutting the skin.

The plants dangle from trees and shrubs, molesting the progress of

a passerby. Known previously in Venezuela only from the Delta

Amacuro region.

Becquerelia cymosa Brongn.

South- facing densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch

River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59420; lower

portion of wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-nia, between Santa

Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m., 60404.

Known as "sara-wa-rei-yek." Previously unknown from the Vene-

zuelan Guyana.

Calyptrocarya glomerulata Nees.

Along rocky stream bank, south-facing densely forested slopes

along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River," below "Misia

Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m. , 59449; by waterfall, swampy savanna

between Rio Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along Rib Karuai, at

southwestern base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60704; along stream-

let of lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-nia, tributary of Rib Pacairao,

below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60535. Known

locally as "sara" and "sarau-warei."

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Scleria arundinacea Kunth.

ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-

tary to Rio Never/, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61018. Local

name "cortadero."

Scleria bracteata Cav.

Local name "verduguillo." ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes,

Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leio'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800

m., 67238.

Scleria hirtella Sw.

SUCRE: valley between base of Cerro de Diablo and Cerro de

Neven, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62712.

MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras

and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61820.

Known locally as "resfriado sabanero." In Cumanacoa called

"malojillo." This is commonly used by the people of this region

for treating stomach aches, diarrhea, and, especially, for colds.

An infusion is made of the fragrant rhizome boiled in water.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 803

Becquerelia cymosa Brongn.

MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,

tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between

Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62222. Previously unknown

this far east in the Cordillera de la Costa.

Calyptrocarya glomerulata Nees.

ANZOATEGUI: swampy place in woods, on slopes of Montana de

las Paloraas, tributary of Rio Never/, between "Carmelita" and

"Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61446. This

is far to the east of its previously known range in the Cordillera de

la Costa.

ANDES

Scleria mexicana (Liebm.) Boeckl.

MERIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La

Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56086. This spectacular species of

Scleria, with half-sprawling and climbing stems that attain almost

3 meters in height, has not previously been reported from Venezuela.

It is distributed from Chiapas, Mexico, to Colombia and Ecuador.

Tribe CRYPTANGIEAE (Lagenocarpeae) 48J

Lagenocaipus aff. tremulus Nees.

Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m.,

57856. In the absence of mature fruits, positive identification is

unwise.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Cephalocarpus confertus Gilly.

Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58238.

Previous collections of this species are from Cerro Duida and Mount

Roraima; the species is also known from Ptari-tepuf.

Cephalocarpus lineariifolius Gilly.

Summit of Cerro Duida, Brocchinia Hills, along stream bank above

Vegas Falls, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58146; same locality, dry slopes,

58148. The original collection of this species was also from Cerro

Duida at an altitude of approximately 1500 meters.

48.1

JBy Charles L. Gilly.

804 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Everardia duidae Gilly.

Cerro Duida, on moist southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near

CafYo Negro, alt. 1095-1520 m., 58043; summit of Cerro Duida,

Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 5873 6. The leaves of these

two specimens vary from 2.5~3.2 dm. in length, while those of the

type specimen (from summit of peak 7, Cerro Duida, at about 2160

meters) are no more than 1.4 dm. long. The collector's field notes

indicate that the leaves of specimen 58136 were distichously

arranged.

Everardia glaucifolia Gilly.

Summit of Cerro Duida, dry slopes of Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-

1980 m., 58187. Previous collections of the species are from Cerro

Duida.

Everardia revoluta Gilly.

Cerro Duida, on moist southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near

Cano Negro, alt. 1095-1520 m., 58046; summit of Cerro Duida, along

rocky banks of CaTio Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna

Hills, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58213. Previously collected only on Cerro

Duida.

RORAIMA

Lagenocarpus aff. guianensis Lindl. & Nees.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio

Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59047.

In the absence of mature fruits it does not seem safe to make a

positive Identification of this specimen at this time, although it

clearly belongs to some segment of this polymorphic and wide-

ranging species.

Didymiandrum stellatum (Boeckl.) Gilly.

Staminate plant, forested south-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp,

alt. 2040-2130 m., 58691. Several previous collections from Mount

Roraima are known, and this dioecious species has also been col-

lected on Auyan-tepu/.

Everardia gracilis Gilly.

Among rocky depressions on exposed slopes of morros, summit

of Mount Roraima, north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-

2740 m., 58829. Previous collections are from Mount Roraima.

Everardia montana Ridley.

Common and forming dense cushions on ledge along southwest-

facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m., 58720; same locality, alt. 2255-2620

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 805

m., 58767. Also known from Ptari-tepul. This is the only species

in the genus known from more than one of the cerros in this region.

Specimen 58767 is a depauperate form with a slender stem 1.8 dm.

tall.

Lagenocaipus aff. rigidus Nees.

Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, Mount

Roraima, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58633. Vernacular name, "me-da-puey."

A somewhat depauperate plant, which, in the absence of mature

achenes, cannot safely be given a positive designation.

PTARI-TEPuf

Cephalocarpus confertus Gilly.

Open sites in scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on

southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59625. Previously collected

on both Mount Roraima and Cerro Duida.

Didymiandrum guaiquinimae Schnee.

Mossy-covered banks of streamlet on flat portion of south-facing

shoulder near "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59469; dominant

on sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau and "Cave

Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59704. Both collections consist of

staminate plants only. Known also from Cerro Guaiquinima, to the

west, at 1200-1300 meters and from the savannas of the Kaieteur

plateau of British Guiana at a lower elevation. This species is,

perhaps, not really distinct from D. stellatum (Boeckl.) Gilly, known

from both Mount Roraima and Auyan-tepui', but considerably more

material of the two species should be examined before a definite

decision in this matter can be reached.

Everardia montana Ridley.

In Bonne. tia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt.

2000-2200 m., 59796; at base of and on main south-facing high sand-

stone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m. , 59610. Previously collected on

Mount Roraima. This is the only species of this genus as yet known

to inhabit more than one of the cerros in this region. The plants of

specimen 59610 have stout, branched stems to at least 9.5 dm. tall.

The young leaves of both collections are occasionally sparsely

pubescent on the upper surface toward the apex.

Lagenocarpus aff. Sprucei H. Pfeiffer.

Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent

to swamp on plateau portion of southeast- facing slopes, Ptari-tepiii',

alt. 1600 m., 59665; staminate flowers only. The species to which

this specimen seems referable was collected previously near Santa-

rem, Province of Para, Brazil.

806 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Lagenocarpus aff. tremulus Nees.

Savanna and scrubby growth bordering forest of Rib Karuai, be-

tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayeh and base of Ptari-tepuf, alt.

1220 m., 60341, staminate flowers only; scrubby forest on rocky

open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m.,

59638, staminate flowers only. The species to which these speci-

mens seem referable has been collected previously in British Guiana.

Because of the lack of pistillate flowers and fruit in these speci-

mens, only tentative identifications can be made at the present

time. When type specimens are again available from certain con-

tinental European herbaria, a more adequate disposition of these

two numbers will be possible.

Tribe CARICEAE

RORAIMA

Carex polystachya Sw.

Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of

sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58743. Not pre-

viously recorded for the Venezuelan Guyana.

PTARI-TEPUf

Carex polystachya Sw.

Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3

kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220

m., 60522; Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west

end, alt. 2255 m., 60156.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urban.

ANZOATEGUI: along gravel bar, along Rib Zumbador and tribu-

tary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-

1450 m., 61322. SUCRE: common ground cover, Cerro Turumiquire,

north- facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, south-

west of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62537. Not previously recorded

this far east in the Cordillera de la Costa.

Carex Jamesonii Boott.

ANZOATEGUI: forming colonies in dried sphagnum bog, cloud

forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia, above Santa Cruz, head-

waters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61674;

south-facing steep slopes, on exposed rocky portion of knife-edge

ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia, same general locality, alt.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 807

1800-2000 m., 61628. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-

like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with

base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62627. MONAGAS: Cerro

Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt.

1500-2180 m., 62091. Not previously recorded as far east in the

Cordillera de la Costa. The leaves and culms of this species are

sometimes used for lashing posts or supports of shelters in temporary

camps, in localities where no other material may be available.

Carex polystachya Sw.

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La

Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt.

1700-1840 m., 62447. ANZOATEGUI: among shrubby dwarfed

growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro

Peonia, above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Ri'o Manantiales, east of

Berganti'n, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61653. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro,

above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180

m., 62086. Not previously recorded from this far east on the Cor-

dillera de la Costa.

ANDES

Carex amicta Boott.

MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita,

alt. 2745-3045 m., 57074. TACHIRA: same locality, 57083. Pre-

viously reported from Colombia, this rare species may now be added

to the Venezuelan flora.

Carex Jamesonii Boott.

The following collections add Andean localities to the previous

known range in Venezuela: MERIDA: above Las Quadras, along

Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, 55819. TACHIRA: base of

Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, 57292. LARA: meadow

above Buenos Aires, above Humocaro Alto, 55537.

Carex Longii Mack.

(C. albolutescens Schwein.)

LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos,

west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55285. Vernacular name,

"juncillo." Previously recorded in Venezuela from the Cordillera

de la Costa, this apparently is the first record from the Venezuelan

Andes. As shown by Mackenzie,4811 the correct name for this species

is C. Longii.

48kMackenzie, K. K. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 49:372. 1922; N. Am. Fl.

18:160-161. 1931.

808 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Carex phalaroides Kunth.

MERIDA: dry summit of Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores

and La Grita, alt. 3045 m., 57081. This species and varieties,

belonging to section Digitatae of Eucarex, as delimited by Kuken-

thal, is known to be distributed from Ecuador to Chile. It has not

previously been reported north of Ecuador. The present collection

appears to belong with typical C. phalaroides. The pale green and

white, short-aristate scales and clavate or subclavate-subglobose

heads impart a distinct habit to the plant, which is further distin-

guished in having androgynous spikes, practically beakless pubes-

cent perigynia, and a 3-fid style emerging from the rounded top of

the perigynium.

PALMAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Jessenia polycarpa Karsten.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58065.

This collection has the spinose fibers at the base of the leaf

stalk, a condition encountered in the original description of /.

Bataua (Mart.) Burret. In his description of /. polycarpa Karsten

makes no mention of these spinose fibers, but Dugand points out

(Caldasia 2, no. 10: 444-450. 1944) that aside from this distinction

the two species do not appear to have any other differences. He

intimates that perhaps one is a variety of the other, or that the

spiny fibers may be present on the lower leafstalks while absent on

the upper ones. Specimens collected by Cuatrecasas (no. 17379)

from the Department of El Valle have fibers typical of J. Bataua, but

come from regions where previously only /. polycarpa had been

known to occur. Dr. Cuatrecasas believes that lack of observation

on the part of collectors accounts for the differences between spine-

less and spiny leafstalks.

Since Burret transferred Oenocarpus Bataua to Jessenia in 1929>

after Karsten had already used the name polycarpa under Jessenia

in 1861, it is apparent that if the two names are considered synony-

mous, /. polycarpa Karst. must take precedence. Burret considered,

but only provisionally and without being firmly convinced himself,

that /. Bataua should be maintained as distinct from /. polycarpa.

His chief criteria for separation were the spiniform leaf bases and

the slight difference in the number of stamens. In this connection

it is significant to point out some statements discussed by Dr.

Cuatrecasas in his letter to Dr. Dugand on October 1, 1944. Dr.

Cuatrecasas has kindly given me permission to quote from this

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 809

letter as follows: "Me gusto mucho su arti'culo sobre Jessenia

polycarpa del no. 10 de Caldasia. Respecto a las observaciones de

Spruce sobre las fibras espiniformes, puedo manifestarle que yo

hice espontaheamente las misma observacio'n durante mis viajes por

la Hoya amazonica; Guaviare, Vaupes, Caqueta', Putumayo; tanto

en la regidn oriental, como en la Costa del Pacffico que he recoffido

liltimamente he podido comprobar que todos los ejeraplares jovenes

llevan un informe estuche de fibras espiniformes, que faltan en los

individuos altos. Este dimorfismo, que al principio confunde al

buscador de palraas, se aprende poco a poco al ir observando la

identidad e los restantes caracteres de la especie y luego no se

olvida. Son numerosas las especie s del biotipo caulirosuletum

que ofrecen este ferio'meno (p. ej. otras palmas: Manic aria, araarili-

daceas, frailejones) de perder con el tiempo el estuche que forman

las vainas secas de las hojas caldas. Mientras la planta es pequena

las vainas imbricadas, aun consistentes, se apoyan unas a otras en

raasa mas o menos compacta; al llegar el tallo a cierta altura y

haber pasado bastantes 'anos estos residues vegetales desintegrados

pierden consistencia y se caen, quedando limpio totalmente el tallo.

A partir de este momento al desprenderse nuevamente una hojo seca,

arrastra tambien su vaina, pues le falta el sosten de las vainas

inferiores, ya cai'das. Esto es lo que ocurre en Jessenia polycarpa."

Dr. Cuatrecasas's careful observations certainly indicate that the

presence or absence of spinose leaf bases is a matter of age and

really proves that the purported differences between the two species

are not valid. The phenomenon of spinose and spineless leaf bases

may be found by examining plate 41 of Jessenia Bataua in Barb.

Rodr. Sert. Palm Brasil l. 1903.

For the evidence discussed in the above paragraphs the name

Jessenia polycarpa is the one considered correct.

Oenocarpus Bacaba Mart.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58066.

According to Burret's key (Notizblatt 10: 292. 1928), the above

cited collection would fall under this species. The branches of the

spadix are over 80 cm. long, the trunk is solitary, and the segments

of the frond are arranged in groups rather than being regularly dis-

posed. The lower surface of the leaves is dull green and not glau-

cous or discolored as in O. Mapora Karst. The staminate perianth

in the present collection is only 4-4.5 mm. long, while the pistillate

perianth, with its sepals enclosing and about equaling the petals,

is about 5 mm. long.

Maximilian a regia Mart.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58064.

810 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Mauritia aculeata H.B.K.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58072.

Iriartea setigera Mart.

Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida,

alt. 200 m., 57789.

Euterpe precatoria Mart.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58091.

Leopoldinia Piassaba Wallace.

Between Esmeralda Savanna and Sabana Grande, northeast of

Esmeralda, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 58400.

Bactris tenuis Wallace.

Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of

Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57932.

This collection agrees mostly with B. tenuis collected on the

upper Rio Negro by Spruce and Wallace. Although there are small

differences between the present collection and the original one by

Spruce and Wallace, they agree in practically all details. The

median leaf segments are described (Spruce, R. Equatorial American

Palms. Journ. Linn. Soc. ll: 149. 1871) as "8-9 * 3/4-pollicares,"

whereas our specimen has the middle segments only 5-6 pollicares

long; otherwise the dimensions agree. Such slight differences may

be permissible for normal variability of leaf length.

The peduncle of the simple spadix is described as "sesquipolli-

caris medio abrupte decurvus"; in our specimen the peduncle is

somewhat shorter, but otherwise is the same. The spathe in the

present collection is 6.5 cm. long and tomentulose. The stems in

the present collection have a diameter of 8-9 mm., which is some-

what greater than the "diametro 3-lineari" or "not thicker than a

goose quill" as described for B. tenuis. The stems are also de-

scribed as "smooth," but ours show occasional patches of buff-

brown torn en turn in the upper portion of the stem. In our collection

the spadices are simple and undivided. This simple undivided

spadix is likewise shown in plate 33 of Wallace's Palm Trees Amaz.

1853, but in Drude's account in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, part 2: 329. 1881

B. tenuis is placed as var. a under B. cuspidata and is described

as "rhachis undivisa vel in ramos duos fissa," although in the key

on pp. 318-319 B. cuspidata is keyed out under "spadix minor in

ramos paucos (plrq. 2-5)..."

The leaf segments of the blade in our specimen vary from 5-7,

while in the description the segments are stated by Drude to be

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 811

"4-5-juga" and by Spruce as "pinnae 4-jugae." The rachis and

petiole in our collection is covered in patches with buff tomentum,

a character not mentioned in either the descriptions of Wallace or

Spruce, the pinnae being referred to as "omnes apice sylo paucis

setulis obsessae caeterum glaberrimae" without mention being made

of the petiole or rachis.

Aside from such minor discrepancies, our collection appears to

be referable to B. tenuis.

PTARI-TEPuf

Euterpe roraimae Dammer.

South-facing forested slopes, vicinity of "Cave Rock," alt. .1800

m., 59867. This species has been known previously from Mount

Roraima and the upper Rib Negro.

Euterpe tenuiramosa Dammer.

Dense forest along Rib Karuai between base of cerro and first

ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60592. This species has

been known previously from Mount Roraima. In addition to the two

species of Euterpe here listed, a third, E. ptarianum Steyermark, pre-

viously described in Fieldiana 28, no. 1: 87. 1951, occurs. On

Mount Roraima only E. roraimae and E. tenuiramosa have been

recorded.

In his key to the species of Euterpe, Burret places E. tenuiramosa

in the section in which the peduncle of the rachis is stated to be

about equal or longer than the rachis ("Pedunculus rhachi sub-

aequilongus vel quam ilia longior") as contrasted with "Pedunculus

quam rhachis aliquanto brevior," but in Dammer's description of

E. tenuiramosa the peduncle is described as 56 cm. long and the

rachis as 65 cm. long, which would place it in .the section of the

key "Pedunculus quam rhachis aliquanto brevior" instead of "Pe-

dunculus rhachi subaequilongus vel quam ilia longior" where Burret

places it.

In my specimens from Mount Roraima (no. 58685) and from Ptari-

tepui' (no. 60592) the peduncle of the plants which I have identified

as E. tenuiramosa varies from only 11-27 cm. long, and the axis of

the inflorescence from 27-35 cm. long, both dimensions being shorter,

especially for the peduncle, than are given for E. tenuiramosa. The

difference in leaf texture is very marked between E. tenuiramosa on

the one hand and E. roraimae and E. ptariana on the other.

With respect to the color and prominence of scales on the leaf

rachis and lower leaf surface, and in the subcoriaceous texture of

the leaves, E. ptariana and E. roraimae are very closely related.

However, in the scarcely submersed flowers on slender branches of

812 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

the rachis and in the less dense branches of the rachis E. ptariana

more closely resembles E. tenuiramosa. In the glabrity or minute

pubescence of the branches of the rachis E. ptariana more closely

simulates E. tenuiramosa.

Oono carpus distichus Mart.

Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first

ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60591. This is the first

record of this species in Venezuela. It has been known previously

from eastern equatorial Brazil.

As noted in the field and on the label accompanying the specimen,

the younger palm has conspicuously fibrous leaf bases and less

drooping leaves, whereas the older palm has a smooth trunk not

showing the fibrous leaf bases and the leaves are more con-

spicuously drooping. This situation is exactly like that existing

between Jessenia polycarpa (described without mention of spiniform

fibers at the base of the leaf stalk) and /. Bataua (described with

spiniform fibers).

This species has the characteristic elongated spadix (2/3-1

meter or more long) and the lower surface of the leaf segments are

dull green to gray green below, not glaucous as are those of 0.

discolor Barb. Rodr.

It should be noted that in the collection cited above, the pistillate

flower is beginning to mature and its petals are larger than those

described for this species. This condition is undoubtedly due to

the mature or near-fruiting stage. In this near-fruiting stage the

sepals in the pistillate flowers of the present collection are about

5 mm. long, while the pistillate petals are 7-8 mm. long.

Mauritia aculeata H.B.K.

Swampy savanna between Rib Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima

along Rib Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepul, alt. 1220 m.,

60707; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sorororian-tepuf, west of La

Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60748.

At both stations the plants occurred in wet ground bordering

savanna; collection no. 60707 occurred by the waterfall and no.

60748 in swampy woods. At the other known stations in Venezuela

this species has been observed at much lower elevations, between

120 and 200 meters.

Geonoma Barthia Engel.

At base of and on main south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt.

2400-2410 m., 59605; south-facing forested slopes, vicinity of

"Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1900 ra., 59805. Previously known in

Venezuela from Mount Roraima and the Andes of Merida, this species

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 813

is one of the dominant types of vegetation in the lower story of the

forest at this locality, where it is known by the inhabitants as

"tuluria."

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Euterpe oleracea Mart.

ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rib Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-

tary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 500 m., 61040.

In this collection there are two different types of spadices, a

glabrous staminate spadix with staminate flowers and a white-

tomentose fruiting spadix. The glabrous sepals of the staminate

flowers would place this collection with E. oleracea rather than E.

stenophylla Trail. However, the trunk in this collection is solitary,

6-11 meters tall, and the habitat is high well-drained forested ground,

all characters possessed by E. stenophylla which are supposed to

distinguish that species from E. oleracea (according to Trail, ex

Thurn, Timehri 3: 229. 1889). Also in Steyermark 56733 from Rio

Onia, north of Mesa Bolivar, state of Merida, the trunk of what

appears to be die same species of palm is solitary and the plant

occurs on forested slopes, rather than in swampy ground; the pis-

tillate sepals are pubescent, but in the absence of staminate flowers,

it is impossible to differentiate between E. stenophylla and E.

oleracea. It may well be that the two species are not distinct.

Geonoma vaga Griseb. & Wendl.

ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-

tary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Bergantln, alt. 500 m., 61056.

As Bailey states in Gentes Herbarium 4: 236. 1939> this species

is amply distinct from G. pinnatifrons Willd. in the hairy rachillae,

larger fruits, difference in alveoles, and the larger size of the

plant. Burret in his monograph (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 63: 246.1930)

treated G. vaga as a variety of G. pinnatifrons; this treatment has

been followed by Pittier et al in the recently published Catalogo de

la Flora Venezolana i: 140. 1945.

Besides the conspicuously pubescent rachillae of G. vaga, another

character not mentioned by Bailey or other authors is the occurrence

of brown, elongated, narrow, scurfy scales scattered on the nerves

and midrib of the lower leaf surface. The petiole also possesses a

brown scaly mat which is persistent along portions of the length of

the peduncle.

Pyrenoglyphis major (Jacq.) Karst.

MONAGAS: deep forest along Rio Amana, in valley just east of

La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa

Barbara, alt. 165 m., 61767.

814 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

ANDES

Catoblastus pubescens (Karst.) H. Wendl.

MERIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing

slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montaffa de Los Torritos,

tributary to Rio Canagxia, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest

of Canagua, alt, 1925-2075 m., 56398.

This collection has fuscous-puberulous nerves on the lower leaf

surfaces and the fruit is minutely puberulous, but occurs in cool

damp woods at an elevation between 1925-2075 meters, whereas

other Venezuelan collections come from humid woodlands of much

lower elevations of the Rio Meta and Negro. With respect to details

of the leaves and size of fruit, it does not seem to agree with C.

andinus Dugand of Colombia, to which it seems closely related.

Catoblastus praemorsus (Willd.) H. Wendl.

DlSTRITO FEDERAL: south- and southwest-facing densely

wooded slopes of Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, between

Los Venados and Papelo'n, alt. 1585-1820 m., 55079.

The above locality is near the Colonia Tovar de Aragua cited by

Klotzsch in Linnaea 20: 449. 1847, on the basis of Moritz 914.

Cook & Doyle state that "Wendland and Drude both describe the

albumen of the seeds of Catoblastus as ruminate, perhaps relying

upon Karsten's drawing, but Klotzsch says that the albumen of

praemorsus is uniform and describes the seed as marble with nume-

rous veins, which, however, may refer to the endocarp (ecorce)

rather than to the endosperm itself.*' In the present collection the

albumen is ruminate.

The size of the fruit (perhaps slightly immature) in the present

collection is 2.8-3 cm. long and about 2 cm. wide; it approaches,

therefore, the size given for C. mesocarpus Burret. It is doubtful

whether the latter species is valid, as the size of the fruit appears

to be the only character by which it may be distinguished from C.

praemorsus.

ARACEAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SP ECIES

Anthurium scolopendrinium (Ham.) Kunth.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58090.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 815

Heteropsis Jenmanni Oliver.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58059.

Previously known in Dutch and British Guiana, this is the first

record for the species in Venezuela, where it is known as "mamure."

The climbing stem is cleft into three strands, which are woven with

one another to form strong tough material used in the making of

basketry, furniture, and cargo supports called "guayare."

Philodendron Linnaei Kunth.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58076. This climbing species with the

stems appressed to tree trunks has not been reported previously

from Venezuela.

Spathiphyllum cannifolium (Dryand.) Schott.

Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of

Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57926.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Philodendron Mischlerianum Krause.

Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano

Iguapo), alt. 700 m., 57973. A terrestrial species previously un-

reported from Venezuela.

Our collection shows a fibrous mat at the base of the petiole, a

character not mentioned in the description of the species. The

leaves are larger and the sinus of the leaves is larger and more open

than shown in the photograph of the type examined.

Spathiphyllum Candolleanum Schott, var. Schomburgkii (Schott)

Engler.

Summit, along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia

Hills, alt. 1675 m., 58107.

RORAIMA

Philodendron nobile Bull.

Southwest-facing slopes bordered by hilly savanna, alt. 1030-1155

m., 58598. Previously recorded from Brazil, British and Dutch

Guiana. At this locality, the species was observed as a terrestrial

plant, although it may also be an epiphyte in other areas, such as

Ptari-tepuf.

816 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

PTARI- TEPUI

Anthurium roraimae N. £. Brown.

Forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, along slopes

of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m., 59529. This

terrestrial aroid has been recorded previously in Venezuela from

Roraima and Duida.

Although the spadix is supposed to be about 2 cm. long-stipitate,

in our collection it is only 0.5 cm. long. The differences of angle

and distance of the postical lobe selected to differentiate the taxa

of the A. roraimense-A. ornatum-A. nymphaeifolium series appear

quite arbitrary and variable. It is possible that one variable species

is represented here instead of several species. The same remarks

appear to apply to the minor differences in proportion of length of

petiole to the length of the blade in A. Wagenerianum C. Koch and

A. ellipticum C. Koch.

Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engler.

Steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on

south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock,'* alt. 2130 m., 59848. A

frequent epiphyte in the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela.

Monstera Parkeriana Schott.

Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first

ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60612. Known locally

as "picaton" (Spanish) or "corcamilla," this epiphyte has not been

recorded previously from Venezuela.

Philodendron nobile Bull.

Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of

Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60732; southeastern

portion of base of Carrao-tepuf, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60850. These

stations and the one cited above from Roraima are the first records

of this species from Venezuela. Found both as an epiphyte and as

a dominant terrestrial plant, it was rarely found in flower. The

flowers are fragrant. Known locally as "tan-waya," the coriaceous

leaves are quite durable and are used for thatching small dwellings.

The collection from Carrao-tepui (60850) has a longer peduncle

than the original description of P. nobile calls for. Also, in the

same collection the reticulate veins joining the numerous lateral

nerves of typical P. nobile, are absent in no. 60850. The long

peduncle in no. 60850 approaches that of P. calophyllum, but the

leaves have more approximate and less ascending nerves than are

found in P. calophyllum. Great variation is observed in the leaf

bases of P. nobile, some collections having more cuneately nar-

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 817

rowed bases, others more obtuse, even on the same plant or in

plants from the same area.

Philodendron roraimae Krause.

South-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just west of

"Cave Rock," alt. 1800 m., 59825. Previously known in Venezuela

from Mount Roraima, this high-climbing epiphyte was common on

Ptari-tepuf, where it is locally known as "cupita. " The thick

stems are appressed to the tree trunk, and after climbing high upon

the trees, the plant sends out long pendent aerial roots. The inner

part of the shoot is used by the Indians as a poultice for boils and

as a worm medicine.

Tate 831 from Duida probably belongs here. The Ptari-tepui' col-

lection (no. 59825) has longer peduncles (10 cm. instead of 4-6

cm.) and longer spathes (18 cm. instead of 10-12 cm.) than in typical

P. roraimae of Mount Roraima. Other variations noted as departures

from the original description are in the longer staminate spadix

(7-10 cm. instead of 6-6.5 cm.) and in the longer and larger pistillate

spadix. Also, the cells of the ovary in near-fruiting stage are one-

seeded. Furthermore, the leaves are subobtuse rather than shortly

acuminate. Except for the variations above noted, the Ptari-tepiu'

collection agrees with the plant originally described from Roraima.

Stenospermatium Ulei Krause.

Forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion

and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59725. In Venezuela known

previously only from the slopes of Roraima. This was observed

both as a terrestrial plant with elongated stems about a meter or

more tall or as an epiphyte near the base of tree trunks.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Anthurium digitatum (Jacq.) G. Don.

ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-

tary to Ri'o Neveri", northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61035. Known

locally as "mamurillo," the stems of this climbing epiphyte are

used for tying various objects; the mature fruits are eaten by birds

and small mammals.

Anthurium nymph aeifolium Koch & Bouche'.

ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peom'a (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"

between Rio Leon and Berganti'n, northeast of BergantTn, alt. 1000-

1450 m., 61414. An eastward extension of its previously known

range in the vicinity of Caracas.

818 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Anthurium ornatum Schott.

MONAGAS: south-facing forested slopes above limestone bluffs,

northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300-1400 m., 61992. Previously known

in Venezuela from the vicinity of Caracas and Colonia Tovar.

Anthurium pal ma turn (L.) Kunth.

ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence

of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 600-800

m., 61185. Not previously recorded from Venezuela.

Anthurium rugosum Schott.

ANZOA*TEGUI: Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"

between Rio Leon and Bergantfn, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 1000-

1450 m., 61410. An eastward extension of its previously known

range in the vicinity of Caracas.

Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl.

ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-

tary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61044.

MONAGAS: in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on

south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62146.

Anthurium scolopendrinium (Ham.) Kunth.

SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rib Manzanares, above

valley of Curaanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62812.

Not previously reported from the Cordillera de la Costa.

Monstera pertusa var. jacquinii (Schott) Engler.

ANZOATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tribu-

taries of Rio Never/, between Rib Leon and "Carmelita," northeast

of Bergariun, alt. 800-1200 m., 61388.

Monstera Sagotiana Engler.

ANZOATEGUI: forest along Rib Leon, tributary of Rio Neveh',

northeast of Berganr/n, alt. 500 m., 61469; headwaters of Rib Mara-

villa, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro,

east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m., 61739. Not previously reported

from Venezuela. The collections cited above have much larger

leaves and spadices than are typical for this species, which appears

to be too close to M. acuminata to be satisfactorily separated. The

presumed difference of an obtuse leaf base in the one species and

a cordate leaf base in the other does not appear to be a constant

character.

Monstera Snethlagei Krause.

ANZOATEGUI: wooded ridge above Quebrada Bonita, on side

draining towards Rib Neveri, between "Carmelita" and Rib Leo'n by

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 819

Quebrada Danta, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 80O1100 m., 60987.

MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,

tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between

Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62172. Previously unrecorded

from Venezuela, this species of Monstera, like others in the Oriente

of Venezuela, is called "mamurillo." The climbing tough stems

are used here for lashing posts together and other tying purposes

in house construction.

Monstera Moritziana (Schott) Steyermark, comb. nov.

Anepsias Moritzianus Schott, Gen. Aroid. t. 73. 1858, Prodr.

352. 1860; Engler, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 2: 230. 1879-

Apparently no distinct floral differences exist to separate Anep-

sias from Monstera. The character of the leaf difference breaks

down in such species as M. dilacerata, M. Parkeriana, and others.

In Anepsias the second and third lateral nerves of the leaf blades

are described as being, subparallel to the primary ones, whereas in

Monstera they are scarcely parallel and reticulate ly anastomosing,

but these characters do not hold in the species above cited. More-

over, in the generic description of Anepsias , Engler & Krause

state "nervis in et IV reticularis." Thus, while the third and

fourth set of lateral nerves are reticulate in Anepsias, those of the

second and third set are reticulate in Monstera.

Philodendron Karstenianum Schott.

ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas,

tributary of Rio Neven', between "Carmelita" and "Natalia,"

northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61462. A common climb-

ing species in this area.

ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS

Anthurium angosturense Engl.

MERIDA: between La Trampa and Casadero, along tributary of

Quebrada del Salado (between Lagunillas and La Azulita), alt.

2225-2590 m., 56176. A common terrestrial or epiphytic species in

forests of Ladenbergia undata, this has not been reported previously

from Venezuela.

Anthurium cundinamarcense Engl.

MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de Los Salichales, tributary

of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56422.

A Colombian species, not previously reported from Venezuela.

820 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Anthurium Kalbreyeri Hort. Veitch.

MERIDA: woods along Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino,

north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55825. A terrestrial species

not previously reported from Venezuela.

Anthurium signatnm C. Koch.

TACHIRA: rich, steep, wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between

Bramon and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57445, 57446. In

collection no. 57445 the plant is terrestrial, whereas in no. 57446

it is epiphytic. This Andean species has not been reported pre-

viously from Venezuela.

Monstera dilacerata C. Koch.

YARACUY: level rainforest dominated by Roystonea, Sabal,

Scheelea, and Bactris, near Taria, alt. 75 m., 56859. This epiphyte

with orange fruit has been previously reported in Venezuela on the

basis of a collection by Appun.

Philodendron propinquum Schott.

MERIDA: rich, damp forest along northwest- and west-facing

slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos,

tributary to Rib Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. south-

west of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56383. This species has not

been reported previously from Venezuela.

XYRIDACEAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Xyris lacerata Pohl.

Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco

River, alt. 100 m., 58474; Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of

Cerro Duida, alt. 200m., 57865.

Xyris savannensis Miq.

Along Orinoco River, at Raudal Santa Barbara, between Tamatama

and San Fernando de Atabapo, alt. 100 m., 58423. Previously

known from the top of Esmeralda Ridge (Tate 215) and Sabana

Grande at the southeastern base of Duida (Steyermark 57865ajL

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Abolboda Gleasoniana Steyermark, nom. nov.

A. rigida (Malme) Steyermark, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: no. 1: 105-

1951, based upon A. grandis var. rigida Malme, in Bull. Torr. Bot.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 821

Club 58: 326. 1931, not A. rigida Gleason, in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club

56: 16. 1929.

RORAIMA

Abolboda sceptrum Oliver.

This was found both on the southwest-facing slopes at Emerald

Swamp at an altitude of 1520 meters (58615) and on the summit, on

the northwestern portion northwest of Summit Camp at an altitude of

2740 meters (58861). On the summit it was common in swampy de-

pressions among vegetation in the morros. Its Indian name is

"konok-pi-chauray." The leaf bases are boiled and the infusion

is used for headaches.

Abolboda vaginata (Spreng.) Alb. Nilsson.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru', (tributary

of Rio Kukena'h), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 591 78a.

This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela.

Xyris anceps Lam.

Emerald Swamp, south west- facing slopes, alt. 1520 m., 58612.

Xyris Fontanesiana Kunth is synonymous with this species. It has

been reported from Venezuela previously under the synonymous

name.

Xyris decussata Gleason.

Summit, on northwest portion north and northwest of Summit Camp,

alt. 2620-2740 m., 58806. This species has not been reported pre-

viously from Venezuela.

Xyris guianensis Steudel.

Southwest- facing slopes, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, alt. 1830-

1920 m., 58630. Previously recorded in Venezuela from the vicinity

of Maypures, Upper Orinoco, this species is common in the Guianas

and Brazil.

Xyris Jupicai L. C. Richard.

Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between Kun and

base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 m., 58548; between Kun and

waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), alt. 1065 m.,

59144. This species has not been reported previously from the

vicinity of Mount Roraima, although it is known from the base of

Duida and Auyan-tepiif.

Xyris witsenioides Oliver.

Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m.,

58719; southwest-facing portion of ledge just below summit, alt.

822 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

256C)-2620 m., 58790. There is considerable variation in this spe-

cies. It varies from acaulescent to caulescent. In the above cited

collections, no. 58790 has the stems and leaves much more con-

tracted and reduced than the typical state represented by no. 58719.

Also, the margin of the scape just below the inflorescence is more

papillose-scabridulous in 58790 and 59736 (a collection from Ptari-

tepuf) than shown in 58719.

The same type of variation has been noted by Gleason and Killip

in their Flora of Auyan-tepui in their discussion of Tate 1321 under

A. witsenioides.

PTARI-TEPUI

Abolboda sceptrum Oliver.

Brocchinia~Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing

shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59787; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp,"

on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopa'n-tepui, alt. 1615 UK,

60244. Previously known in Venezuela from Duida and Roraima.

Abolboda vaginata (Spreng.) Alb. Nilsson.

Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, be-

tween Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt.

1220 m., 60301.

Xyris bicephala Gleason.

Swamp on open level portion of plateau on southeast- facing slopes,

alt. 1600 m. , 59647. Previously known only from Auyan-tepuf and

Cerro Guaiquinima.

Xyris hymenachne Mart.

Steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs,

on south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59841.

This Brazilian species has not previously been reported from

Venezuela.

Xyris involucrata Nees.

Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen

northwest to Rfo Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59341; swamp

on open level portion of plateau on south east- facing slopes, alt.

1600 m., 59650.

Xyris Jupicai L. C. Richard.

Common in moist spots of hematite outcrops on crest of

Sororopan-tepui, between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60131.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 823

Xyris macro cephala Vahl.

Swamp in savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa

Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60303.

This Brazilian species has not been previously reported from Vene-

zuela. The heads in this collection are as long as 30 mm. and

15 mm. thick in the dried state, but in moistened or boiled state

they are only 10 mm. in thickness.

Xyris setigera Oliver.

Dry sandy' and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adja-

cent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast- facing slopes, alt.

1600 m., 59664.

Xyris Uleana Malme.

Along Rio Karuai, northwest of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt.

1220 m., 60823. A rare species, not previously reported from Vene-

zuela. It is common on Tafelburg in Dutch Guiana, and is also

known from British Guiana and adjacent Brazil.

Xyris witsenioides Oliver.

Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-

2200 m., 59736.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Xyris acutifolia (Heimerl) Malme.

ANZOATEGUI: in dried-up sphagnum bog in cloud forest on

wooded summit of Cerro Peonla (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa

Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Berganb'n, alt. 2350

m., 61967. SUCRE: moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge or

Cerro Turumiquire connecting base of eastern peak with base of

southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62624. An Andean species, which in

Venezuela has not been found previously east of the Paramo de las

Rosas in the state of Lara (Steyermark 55497).

ERIOCAULACEAE49

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Eriocaulon guianense Korn.

Around pools of water in igneous rock outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho,

alt. 200 m., 58518. The species is otherwise known only from

British and French Guiana.

^Eriocaulaceae by Harold N. Moldenke

824 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Paepalanthus pauper Moldenke.

Sandy dry savanna between first and second woodlands after

crossing Esmeralda Ridge on way to Duida, between Esmeralda

Savanna and the southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m.,

57806. The species was known hitherto only from the original

collection made on the Kaieteur Plateau of British Guiana (Maguire

& Fanshawe 23206).

Paepalanthus subtilis Miq.

Among rock outcrops below mouth of Ri'o Sanariapo, along Rib

Orinoco, alt. 100 m., 58447. This species has been known pre-

viously only from British Guiana and Brazil.

Syngonanthus biformis (N. E. Br.) Gleason.

Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rib Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco

River, alt. 100 m., 58468.

Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl.

Sandy dry savanna between first and second woodlands after

crossing Esmeralda Ridge on way to Duida, between Esmeralda

Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57804.

This variety has hitherto been known only from Brazil.

Syngonanthus gracilis var. hirtellus (Steud.) Ruhl.

Swampy large savanna, between Esmeralda Savanna and south-

eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57814. This variety has

been known hitherto only from Brazil.

Syngonanthus heteropeploides Herzog.

On wet ground along stream at base of Mauritia palm, between

Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200

m., 57848. This species has hitherto been known only from the

original collection in Amazonas, Brazil (Lutzelburg 21991).

Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl.

On wet ground along stream at base of Mauritia palm, between

Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200

m., 57846. This is the first record of the species from Venezuela,

it being hitherto known from Colombia, Brazil, and the Guianas.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Leiothrix flavescens (Bong.) Ruhl.

Summit, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58252. Previously

known in Venezuela from Roraima and Auyan-tepui.

Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl.

Summit, Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58184.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 825

RORAIMA

Eriocaulon melanocephalum Kunth.

Submerged aquatic in meander between Rio Kukenan and Divina

Pastora, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of

Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan north of Santa

Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59256. This is the

first Venezuelan record. The species has hitherto been known only

from Colombia, French Guiana, Brazil, and Cuba.

Paepalanthus convexus Gleason.

Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of

sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58778; crevices in

shade of ledge, on southern half of the summit between Summit

Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end,

alt. 2700-2740 m., 58876. This species has hitherto been known

only from Duida.

Paepalanthus subtilis Miq.

Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru

(tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on the Rio Kukenan

north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59193.

This and the 58447 record, previously cited, are the only Venezuelan

records for this British Guiana species.

Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl.

Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan and Santa

Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59303; swampy

meadow south of Divina Pastora, 59262, 59308. Not previously re-

corded in Venezuela from the vicinity of Roraima.

Syngonanthus gracilis (Kom.) Ruhl.

Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru

(tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north

of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 ni., 59196. Not

previously recorded from the Roraima region of Venezuela.

PTARI -TEPUl'

Paepalanthus capillaceus Klotzsch.

Submerged in running water, south-facing densely forested slopes

along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia

Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59453; in fast water on edge of waterfall

and above waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meni, at western end of

Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 nu» 60208. Previously known in Vene-

zuela from the Roraima and Humirida region.

826 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Syngonanthus biformis (N. £. Br.) Gleason.

Sandy flat bordering woods above second waterfall, vicinity of

Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 km. east to

northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60484.

Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl.

Stream bank, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao,

about 3 km. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt.

1220 m., 60494.

Syngonanthus gracilis (Kom.) Ruhl.

Swampy ground following streamlet, Gran Sabana, between Mission

of Santa Teresita de Kavanayien northwest to Rio Karuai, on large

mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59332; swamp on open level portion of plateau

of Ptari-tepui on southeast- facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59653.

Syngonanthus longipes Gleason.

In swamp in savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between

Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m.,

60304. The species has hitherto been known from Auyan-tepui'

and Roraima.

Syngonanthus trico status Gleason.

Sandy wet ground with Stegolepis and Brocchinia, Gran Sabana,

between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rib

Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59367; in swamp on open level

portion of plateau on southeast^facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt.

1600 m., 59643.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Syngonanthus gracilis (Ko'rn.) Ruhl.

SUCRE: Valley between the base of Cerro de Diablo (western

extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de

Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62719.

RAPATEACEAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Rapatea Spruceana Kcke.

Swampy woods between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base

of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57822.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 827

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Amphiphyllum rigidum Gleason.

Summit, Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58175; summit,

Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58249. In collection no. 58249

the leaf sheath is as long as 13 cm. while the leaves measure to

11 dm. long, both measurements exceeding the original ones given

by Gleason.

Stegolepis pauciflora Gleason.

Summit, on high moist ridge top, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58330. The

leaves in this collection are up to 100 cm. long, measuring longer

than in the original collection described by Gleason.

RORAIMA

Stegolepis guianensis Kl.

Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1830-

1920 m., 58644; common on southern half of summit between Summit

Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end,

alt. 2700-2740 m., 58918; on south west- facing sandstone ledge, alt.

2100-2620 m., 58932. Not previously recorded from the upper slopes

and summit of Roraima. In the collections cited above are encoun-

tered considerable variation in the length of the leaf blade and leaf

sheath. These variations appear to be correlated with the amount of

shade present, those growing in shady places developing on the

average more elongated leaf blades than those growing in exposed

open situations. Number 58932, which had noticeably narrower and

longer leaves than others growing on the summit, was collected

from protected places or in crevasses, whereas other plants growing

in exposed sunny situations developed shorter and broader leaves.

PTARI-TEPUI

Saxofridericia regalis Schomb.

Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui', alt.

1615 m», 60209. Locally known in this area as "paleu-rei," this

tall herbaceous species is common in wet ground at this and slightly

lower elevations.

828 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

BROMELIACEAE50

Subfam. I. PITCAIRNIOIDEAE

Brocchinia acuminata L. B. Smith.

Terrestrial, summit of Cerro Duida, on high moist ridge top, alt.

1820-2075 m., 58363. Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, on forested south-

facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave

Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59492. Originally described from Mount

Auyan-tepuf.

Brocchinia hechtioides Mez.

Terrestrial, summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200

m., 58292. Originally described from Mount Roraima. In the account

of Mount Duida in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 338, this species as

shown by Tate 846 was cited under B. reducta.

Brocchinia reducta Baker.

Common, border of woods in savanna, Gran Sabana, bordering

forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Teresita de

Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59406. Originally described fiom British

Guiana.

Brocchinia Tatei L. B. Smith.

The common giant bromeliad (flowering plant 1.5 m. high), Ptari-

tepui, along base of eas^facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-

2450 m., 59931. Roraima, Guaiquinima. This material shows that

the leaves are reticulate toward the base.

Lindmania guianensis (Beer.) Mez.

Mount Roraima, Emerald Swamp, southwest- facing slopes, alt.

1520 m., 58616. Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, scrubby forest on rocky

open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m. ,

59641. Terrestrial, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa be-

tween Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60231. Terres-

trial, swampy savanna between Rio Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima

along Rio Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m.,

60696. Originally described from the Courantyne River in south-

eastern British Guiana.

Pitcairnia maidifolia (Morr.) Dene.

Terrestrial, Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60063. Caracas

and Duida in Venezuela. Costa Rica, Colombia, British Guiana.

Bromeliaceae by Lyman B. Smith

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 829

Puya floccosa (Linden) E. Morr.

On rocky savanna at edge of mesa escarpment, wooded slopes of

Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rib

Pacairao (tributary of Ri'o Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60449.

of Me'rida: between Beguilla and Mucuchachf, alt. 1065"2430 m.,

56317- Mountains from Roraima in eastern Venezuela to southern

Colombia.

Subfam. II. TILLANDSIOIDEAE

Guzmania pleiosticha (Griseb.) Mez. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 930.

1896.

Tillandsia pleiosticha Griseb. Goett. Nachr. 1864: 19. 1865.

Guzmania Altsonii L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 89: 7. 1930.

Epiphyte on tree trunk, lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui,

alt. 1675*1980 m., 60862- This material demonstrates the identity

of Guzmania Altsonii with the earlier G. pleiosticha and thereby

extends the range of G. pleiosticha to Surinam.

Tillandsia Arnoldiana Harms.

MONAGAS: on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las

Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62062. SUCRE:

epiphyte on tree, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between

La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62513

(inflorescence unusually small and with simple branches) and

62514 (inflorescence large but irregular and apparently diseased).

Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. New to Venezuela.

Tillandsia caribaea L. B. Smith.

T. Fendleri Mez, not Griseb.

Epiphyte on tree trunk, Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested

slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt.

2040-2255 nu, 59005. Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, on dense-

ly forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between

"Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m.,

59556. Colonia Tovar in Venezuela. Cuba, Haiti.

Tillandsia compacta Griseb.

Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep

south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"

and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59558. Cor-

dillera de la Costa, Venezuela. Cuba, Haiti.

Tillandsia Deppeana Steud. Norn. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 688. 1841.

T. rubra sensu L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Contrib. Fl. Venezuela,

Fieldiana Bot. 28: 151. 1951. Not R. & P.

830 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Epiphyte on tree, Ptari-tepui^ Bonne tia roraimae forest on

southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59732. Common on

bluffs, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs,

alt. 2410 m., 59911. Generally distributed in the mountains of

Venezuela. Mexico and the West Indies to Venezuela, Peru, and

Bolivia.

Tillandsia Deppeana var. reducta (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, comb,

nov.

T. rubra var. reducta L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Contrib. Fl. Vene-

zuela, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 151. 1951.

Tillandsia duidae L. B. Smith.

Terrestrial on mossy boulder-strewn ground, Mount Roraima,

southwest- facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of

sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58998. Epiphyte on tree trunk,

Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes in vicinity of "Cave Rock,"

alt. 1800-1900 m., 59802. Described from Mount Duida, Venezuela.

This species is very close to T. data Baker and ultimately may be

considered only a geographic variety. However, as shown by the

above collections, it consistently has broader primary bracts,

narrower less complanate spikes and more coriaceous less nerved

floral bracts.

Tillandsia globosa Wawra.

MONAGAS: epiphyte on branches of 61959, along Quebrada

Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan

Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61954. Eastern

Brazil. New to Venezuela.

Tillandsia incurva Griseb.

Epiphyte on small tree trunk, lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-

tepuf, alt. 1675-1980 m., 60858. Cordillera de la Costa, Venezuela.

Southern Florida, Cuba, Jamaica, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia,

Bolivia.

Tillandsia Lescaillei Wright.

ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"

between Rib Leon and Berganti'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-

1450 m., 61417. Cuba and Haiti. New to Venezuela. The species

differs from T. spiculosa Griseb. only in its pendent inflorescence.

Tillandsia Turner! Baker.

Epiphyte on branches, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep

south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock"

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 831

and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 595 61 • Epi-

phyte on small tree, summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2470-2500 m.,

60900. Roraima, Duida. Colombia, northwestern Brazil.

Vriesia lacera (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, comb. nov.

Tillandsia lacera L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Contrib. Fl. Vene-

zuela, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 150. 1951 • For explanation of this type

of transfer see Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29: 430. 1951.

Vriesia splendens (Brongn.) Lem.

Epiphyte on lower trunk of tree or on ground, Ptari-tepiu, south-

facing densely forested slopes between Rib Karuai and ridge below

"Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59421. Trinidad, the

Gui anas.

Aechmea latifolia (Willd.) Kl. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 36. 1889.

Bromelia latifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. 7: 1283. 1830.

Aechmea Fendleri Andre, Brom. Andr. 13. 1889-

DlSTRITO FEDERAL: south- and southwest-facing densely

wooded slopes of Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, between

Los Venados and Papelo'n, alt. 1585-1820 m., 55075. Distrito Fed-

eral, Venezuela. Central Columbia. This species has been

known from Venezuela for a long time under the name of Aechmea

Fendleri, but this is the first time it has been recorded under the

older name of A. latifolia. The number of flowers on a branch, the

character by which Mez attempted to separate A. Fendleri, is hardly

of specific value, nor does the material substantiate his statements.

Aechmea pubescens Baker.

MERIDA: epiphyte on palm (56733), rich forested slopes along

Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56732.

Honduras to Colombia. First record for Venezuela.

Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L. B. Smith var. nanus L. B. Smith.

Terrestrial, Ptari-tepuT, forest between base of cerro and Rio

Karuai, alt. 1250 m., 59414. Brazil. First record for Venezuela.

COMMELINACEAE

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Aneilema geniculata (Jacq.) Woodson.

ANZOATEGUI: bamboo-covered dryish forested slopes, Cerro

La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergaritin,

alt. 800-1100 m., 61102. Locally known as "curarina," this species

has been reported previously in Venezuela from the vicinity of

Caracas and Colonia Tovar.

832 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Callisia monandra (Swartz) Schult.

ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence

of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 400-

500 m., 61203. Locally known as "monte de agua."

Campelia Zanonia (L.) H.B.K.

ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of

Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61321.

Known as "anilino montanero," the black-bluish purple fruit is

used for making into an ink.

Commelina robusta Kunth.

MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and

Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62246.

ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS

Campelia Zanonia (L.) H.B.K.

f

MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de Los Salichales, tributary

of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56437.

Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Andes.

Dichorisandra hexandra (Aubl.) Standl.

BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San

Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57725. Previous-

ly recorded in Venezuela from the Casiquiare River region.

Dichorisandra villosula Mart.

MERIDA: woods along canyon of Rio Canagua, between Mucucha-

chi and Canagua, alt. 1065-1820 m., 56341. This species has not

been recorded previously from Venezuela. The leaves in the above

cited collection average slightly smaller, and the sepals and petals

slightly larger than in typical D. villosula, but this may appear more

accentuated due to the existence of only a few specimens on hand

for comparative study. The plant is known locally as "sue Ida con

sue Ida." The sepals were observed to be lilac or pale purple with

greenish tips, the petals purple, the anthers pale green suffused

with lilac, the filaments pale green, the style pale green, and the

leaves noted as dull green above, and paler dull green below.

Tinantia erecta f. puberula Standl. & Steyerm.

MERIDA: vicinity of Tabay, around margin of cafetales, alt.

2195 m., 57054. This form has not been recorded previously from

Venezuela.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 833

JUNCACEAE

PTARI -TEPuf

Juncus densiflorus H.B.K.

By wooded streamlet, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between

east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60125.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Juncus marginatus Rostk. var. setosus Coville.

SUCRE: by swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing

headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rib de Amana, alt. 1900-2000

m., 62700. This is the first record of this species for Venezuela.

Juncus microcephalus H.B.K.

SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western

extension of southern peak of Ceiro Turumiquire) and Cerro de

Neverf along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62722.

Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Oriente.

ANDES

Juncus densiflorus H.B.K.

LARA: meadow above Los Aposentos, along trail between Las

Sabanetas, Los Aposentos, and Buenos Aires, alt. 1675-2430 m.,

55479.

Juncus dichotomus Ell.

MERIDA: dry top of Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores

and La Grita, alt. 2745-3045 nu, 57071. Not previously recorded

from Venezuela.

Juncus involucratus Steud.

TAG H IRA: swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de

Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, 2

kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m.,

57222. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Although usually

6 stamens are found in this species, the present collection possess-

es only 3.

Juncus microcephalus H.B.K.

LAR.A: meadow above Los Aposentos, along trail between Las

Sabanetas, Los Aposentos, and Buenos Aires, alt. 1675-2430 m.,

55418. The present collection contains only 3 stamens, whereas

6 is the usual number present.

834 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

PTARI-TEPUI

Phaeosphaerion persicariae folium (DC.) C. B. Clarke.

Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja,

alt. 1220 ra., 60787. Known locally as "urillo," this species has

been known in Venezuela previously from the island of Margarita

and from the state of Anzoategui.

THURNIACEAE

PTARI -TEPuf

Thurnia sphaerocephala Hook. f.

Rocky bank of Rio Pacairao, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about

3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220

m., 60491.

PONTEDERIACEAE

RORAIMA

Heteranthera zosteraefolia Mart.

Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary

of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m-> 59165.

Another collection of this species was obtained also in the state

of Bolivar in the vicinity of Tumeremo at an altitude of 305 meters

(60946). These represent the first collections of this species from

Venezuela. Number 59165 was collected in shallow water of a slow

stream, while no. 60946, known as "bora" in the vicinity of Tume-

remo, was collected along the margin of a swamp.

The broadly cordate oblong-lanceolate leaves are produced at the

tip of the plant and are floating leaves. The usual description of

the leaves states them as being linear, but F. Hildebrand in his

paper "Uber Heteranthera zosterifolia" in EngL Bot. Jahrb. 6: 137,

1885» points out that aquarium-grown specimens produced ovate or

elliptical leaves at the surface of the water, whereas the other nar-

row leaves were all submerged. This corresponds to the observa-

tions made in my collections, except that the floating leaves are

even more contrasted in shape.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 835

Juncus tenuis f. anthelatus (Wieg.) Hermann.

TACHIRA: moist open places in thickets along quebrada, above

Betania, at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 2285-2430 m., 57274.

This form of the species has not been reported previously from

Venezuela.

LILIACEAE

PTARI -TEPllf

Nietneria corymbosa Kl. & Rich. Schomb.

Bonntetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-

2200 m., 59750. Previously known in Venezuela from Mount Roraima

and vicinity.

Smilax staminea Griseb.

Forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion

and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59696. Not previously re-

corded from Venezuela.

Tofieldia Schomburgkiana Oliver.

Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing

shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59784. Previously recorded from the other

high cerros of the Guyana.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Smilax Poeppigii Kunth.

A NZ GATE GUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leo'n,

northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m., 61240. Not previously re-

corded from Venezuela. Locally the roots are cooked and used in

treating fevers, while the stems are used to make guayares.

Smilax pseudosiphilitica Kunth.

MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,

tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between

Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62224. This species has not

been recorded previously from the Oriente of Venezuela.

Smilax scabriuscula Willd.

MONAGAS: sprawling over low shrubs and herbs on Cerro Negro,

above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-

2180 m., 62050; vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and

Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62269; Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo

Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62339. Previously known

in Venezuela from the vicinity of Caracas and Colonia Tovar, these

are the first collections recorded from the Oriente.

836 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

ANDES

Smilax floribunda H.B.K.

TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tarn/, 4-10

kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57323. Previously recorded

in Venezuela from Mount Duida.

Smilax tomentosa H.B.K.

MERIDA: rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested

slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56635.

Not previously reported from Venezuela.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Bomarea Bredemeyerana (Willd.) Herb.51

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m.,

62076. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between

La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62494.

This species occurs in the mountains of western Venezuela, where

it reaches an altitude of about 3000 meters, and in the general

vicinity of Caracas. The two collections here cited extend its

range of distribution to the northeastern part of the country.

Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Urban.

ANZOATEGUI: spontaneous, in open exposed clay-shale soil

along banks of R/o Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio

Neveri', northeast of Bergantirij alt. 500 m., 61057. In this section

the species appears wild. The perianth segments, including the

claw, attain 8 cm. in length, are of a brick-red-salmon with patches

of pale greenish-yellow at the base of the blade.

Hippeastrum solandri folium Herb.

SUCRE: common, on rocky open limestone slopes, between Cocol-

lar and Guamal, alt. 1200 m., 62435. This is the easternmost record

for the occurrence of this species in Venezuela. The pendent flow-

ers are creamy-white without, creamy-white within, the outer surface

of the segments suffused with yellowish, while the tube is pale

greenish suffused with dull lavender stripes at the base. In some

plants the outer perianth segments have a dull brick-salmon midrib,

in others this brick color is absent. Also, in some plants the

lavender color at the base of the perianth tube is absent, leaving it

pale greenish and the remainder of the perianth creamy. The plants

are known locally as "lirio bianco."

^Bomarea by E. P. Killip

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 837

ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS

Bomarea caraccensis Herb.

LARA: climbing along edge of rocky bed of stream, between

Buenos Aires to Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt.

2285-2740 m., 55511. In this section of the Andes known as "papa

de monte," this species has not been recorded previously in the

Andean portion of the country.

Bomarea crassifolia Baker.

TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10

kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57318, 57319. Previously

recorded in Venezuela from the state of Merida.

Bomarea hispida Baker.

TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10

kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57342. This species has

not been recorded previously from Venezuela.

Hypoxis decumbens var. major Seub.

DISTRITO FEDERAL: woods above Los Venados, between Los

Venados and Guayabo Mocho, Cordillera del Avila, alt. 1765 m.,

56901. This variety has not been recorded previously from

Venezuela.

Sprekelia formosissima (L.) Herb.

MERIDA: on slopes near river, outskirts of Mucutuy, between

Beguilla and Mucuchachi', alt. 1065-2430 m., 56299. Naturalized

and escaped from cultivation at this locality. This species has

not been previously recorded from Venezuela as spontaneous or

escaped into a wild area.

VELLOZIACEAE

PTARI-TEPllf

Vellozia Alexandrinae (Schomb.) Goeth. & Henr.

Common in open rocky places in thickets by Rio Karuai, between

Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m.,

60326. This showy-flowered species has erect stems attaining a

meter to a meter and a half tall. The flowers are very fragrant.

It is known locally as "comida de venado." The species is com-

mon throughout the Venezuelan Guayana.

There is some hesitation in placing the above cited collection

under this name, as it differs from Goeth. & Henrard's description

838 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

in having leaves only 5"6 mm. instead of 12-15 mm. broad, and in

the shorter stature of 1-2 instead of 3*4 meters tall, the latter

height given by Goeth. & Henrard.

Vellozia tubiflora H.B.K.

Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco

River, alt. 100 m., 58450. This collection possesses 14 stamens

instead of 18, the latter number described for the species

originally.

This species, described by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1825, is

a low-growing one only 0.3*0.6 meters tall with white flowers and

recurved perianth segments. It is characteristic of granitic areas

along the Orinoco River. It appears to be distinct from Vellozia

A lexandrinae, originally described as Barbacenia Alexandrinae by

Schomburgk. The plant which Schomburgk collected is much taller

and has the flowers colored white and lavender and the segments

are not recurved as in V. tubiflora.

DIOSCOREACEAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Dioscorea trifida L. f.

Between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at south-

eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m.f 57876. This species has

not been definitely recorded before from Venezuela.

PTARI-TEPUI

Dioscorea trifida L. f.

In cleared opening of forest in lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-

ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n,

alt. 915-1065 m., 60530.

Planted in this area by the Taurepan Indians, who eat the purple

underground stem. The local Indian name for the plant is "napoi, "

the Spanish name being "mapuey."

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Dioscorea bulbifera L.

ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu-

tary of Ru> Neverf, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61060. Not

previously recorded in this section of Venezuela, where it is known

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 839

locally as "Santo Domingo." The underground stems are edible

when cooked, as are also the fruits.

IRIDACEAE52

RORAIMA

Sisyrinchium Marchio (Veil.) Steud.

Gran Sabana, north of Kun between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in

valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065*1220 m.,

59113; between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena,

south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59294. These specimens

belong to a highly complex, variable, yet definite, group, from

which it would be impossible as well as unprofitable to create

segregates at present. This can be done only after the accumula-

tion of much more material and the re-study of numerous types,

mostly in European herbaria. Consequently, the oldest name in

the group has been used, in the broadest sense, for the whole com-

plex. As a group, it is found largely in Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay,

Argentina, and Bolivia; one sheet from Colombia has been seen,

and a number from Mexico and Central America. This Venezuelan

material is the first from that country to be seen by the writer.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Sisyrinchium tinctorium H.B.K.

MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,

northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62084. SUCRE: Cerro

Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting

base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m.,

62626. Although S. tinctorium was originally described from south-

eastern Venezuela, collections from that country are still rather

uncommon in herbaria. Known also from Mexico and Central America,

Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia, Very variable in height and in the

relative lengths of inner and outer spathes.

Trimezia meridensis Herb.

MONAGAS: rocky open slopes between Caripe and San Agustih,

alt. 900-950 m., 61791. The determination of this collection is

doubtful, since most of the material is in fruit; unquestionably it

belongs in the group of T. martinicensis. The species was originally

(and rather inadequately) described from Venezuelan material.

The genus Trimezia at the present time is badly in need of re-

vision. It may eventually be proven that T. martinicensis (Jacq.)

Herb, is synonymous with T. meridensis.

52lridaceae by Robert C. Foster

840 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

MUSACEAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Ravenala guianensis (L. C. Rich.) Benth.

Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary

of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58067. This species was encountered

in large numbers under a canopy of Maximiliana regia, Jessenia

polycarpa, and Oenocarpus bacaba. The strikingly fan-shaped

arrangement of the ascending leaves at the summit of a trunk 10-12

meters tall and 12.5 cm. in diameter is very characteristic of the

native Ravenala. The leaf blades are dull green above and below,

the petioles are glaucous, the bracts and rachis of the inflores-

cence are glaucous, while the flowers are greenish and white; the

upper petal is white with olive-green on the margins and tip, and

the other petals are similar. This is the first record of the species

for Venezuela.

ZINGIBERACEAE

PTARI-TEPUl'

Renealmia hum His (A. Rich.) O. G. Peters.

Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Ri'o Pacairao,

below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60537.

Known locally as "a-marma-yek," this species has not been re-

ported previously from Venezuela. It is also known from French

Guiana.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Costus cylindricus Jacq.

ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada D an ta, tribu-

tary to Rio Never!, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61083. Pre-

viously known in Venezuela only from the vicinity of Caracas.

Locally known as "cana la India," the stems of this species are

crushed together with sugar cane or with the guarapo of the sugar

cane in the preparation of a jelly that is used to treat pneumonia

and fevers.

Curcuma zedoaria (Bergius) Roscoe.

MONAGAS: cultivated at Las Delicias, above Caripe, alt. 1000

m. , 62285. This species has not been reported previously in culti-

vation in Venezuela. It is native of the Old World. The flowers and

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 841

floral bracts are very showy. The flowering stems appear above

ground from creeping rhizomes, the leaves not being present at this

stage.

Renealmia geostachys K. Schum.

ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"

between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 1000-

1450 m., 61409. The identity of this plant is questionable; the

species has not been reported hitherto from Venezuela. Locally it

is known as "conopia." It is believed that pains may be alleviated

by applying a heated leaf to the place where pain is felt. An ink

is sometimes prepared from the fruit.

ANDES

Renealmia thyrsoidea (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl.

ME RID A: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino,

north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55807. This Andean species

has not previously been reported from Venezuela. The present

determination is questionable.

Known locally as "istu" this plant is an interesting one in the

region, because of the uses to which it is applied. The mature

purple flesh of the fruit is used in the making of ink; the dried

leaves are often placed over cuts or scratches to act as a sort of

bandage or cover; the most interesting application of the fruit is

that the seeds, when toasted and mashed, are made into a cafe'

type of beverage; also, when taken with coffee, they are said to aid

in childbirth and serve as a remedy for chills and colds. The flesh

of the fruit is reported to be used in soups and is considered to have

nutritive properties.

MARANTACEAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Ischnosiphon obliquus (Rudge) Koern.

Between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at south-

eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57894. Not previously

recorded from the Upper Orinoco of Venezuela.

RORAIMA

Ischnosiphon aruma (Aubl.) Koern.

Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rib

Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena,

842 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59225. Not previously re-

corded from the Venezuelan Guayana. This herb is a useful one Ln

the economy of the natives of this region. Known as "manare"

("tirita") the hard epidermis of the stems is split into lengths,

which are woven into baskets for carrying cargo on the backs of the

Indians. These carrier baskets are known as guayares.

PTARI-TEPUI

Ischnosiphon aruma (Aubl.) Koern.

Vicinity of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60915. As

in the region of Roraima, this plant is known locally to the Indians

as "manare," and has the same use as that given above under

Roraima.

Ischnosiphon gracilis (Rudge) Koern.

Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, alt. 915-1065 m., 60557.

The determination has been made by Dr. J. Idrobo. This collection

is the type of /. Lasseriana Steyermark. The species has not been

previously recorded for Venezuela.

Monotagma laxum (Poepp. & Endl.) Schum.

Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao,

below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065 m., 60590. Not

previously recorded from the Venezuelan Guayana. In this area it

is known to the Taurepan Indians as "tale-de-ya" ("casupo" is the

Spanish name).

Monotagma spicatum (Aubl.) Macbr.

Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first

ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60616. The determina-

tion has been made by Dr. J. Idrobo. This species has not been

previously reported from Venezuela. It occurs in Dutch and British

Guiana.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Calathea casupito (Jacq.) Mey.

ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas,

tributary of Rio Neverf, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia,"

northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61454. This species is

locally common in this region. It has not been previously recorded

from the Oriente of Venezuela.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 843

Calathea villosa Lindl. var. pardina (Planch. & Lindl.) Koern.

SUCRE: southern slopes of Ceiro Imposible, between Cedeno

and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220

m., 62820. BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on

road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m.,

57724. The variety has not been reported previously from Vene-

zuela. The species has not been recorded as far east in Venezuela.

Monotagma spicatum (Aubl.) Macbr.

MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral,

tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between

Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62202. The determination has

been made by Dr. J. Idrobo. For comment on distribution of this

species, refer to note under Ptari-tepui.

ANDES

Maranta lutea Jacq. (Stromanthe lutea Qacq.] Eichl.).

ME RID A: along forested slopes of river, between Hacienda Agua

Blanca above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56153; rich

forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar,

alt. 545-915 ro. , 56717. This species has not been reported pre-

viously from the Venezuelan Andes, where it occurs at the relatively

lower elevations as in the Cordillera de la Costa. Dr. J. Idrobo has

determined the collections cited above.

BURMANNIACEAE

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Burmannia flava Mart.

Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro

Duida, alt. 200 m., 57800. Not previously recorded from the Duida

region.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Gymnosiphon arcuatus Urb.

Between Aguita and summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 945 m., 58390.

This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela.

The determination is questionable.

844 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Gymnosiphon cymosus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook.

Saprophyte on humus in pockets between trees, southeastern-

facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt.

700 m., 57959. This species has not been reported previously

from Venezuela.

RORAIMA

Burmannia flava Man.

Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa

Elena, south of Mount Rorairaa, alt. 915-1005 m., 59271. The spe-

cies has not been reported previously from the Roraima region.

Burmannia flava Mart. yar. macroptera Jonk.

Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa

Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59271a. This

variety has not been reported previously from Venezuela.

PTARI-TEPUI

Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnh. var. hymenanthera (Miq.) Jonk.

Saprophyte in moist woods along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-

tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60802. Not previously re-

corded from Venezuela, the variety is known from the Guianas,

Brazil, and the West Indies, while the species ranges from the

southern United States to Brazil, Bolivia and the West Indies.

Burmannia bicolor Mart.

Moist sandy ground, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa

Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rib Karuai, on large mesa,

alt. 1220m., 59326.

Gymnosiphon cornutus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook.

Saprophyte on south-facing densely forested slopes between Rio

Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m.,

59437. The species has not been reported previously from

Venezuela. The determination is questionable.

Gymnosiphon mattogrossensis (Malme) Jonk.

Common saprophyte on south-facing densely forested .slopes be-

tween Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-

1520 m., 59429. Like the above, this species has not hitherto been

reported from Venezuela, but the identification is questionable.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 845

I CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Dictyostega orobanchoides (Hook.) Miers.

ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peoma (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita,"

between Rio Leon and Bergantfn, northeast of Bergantih, ak. 1000-

1450 m., 61419.

DUIDA

LOWLAND SPECIES

Duckiella sp.

Sabana Grande, northeast of Esmeralda, at southeastern base of

Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 58409. Only immature buds present.

This is a slender plant with basal tufts of linear, equitant leaves.

The genus has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.

Pogonia sp.

Savanna between Sabana Grande and southeastern base of Cerro

Duida, alt. 200 m., 57884. Only immature buds are present. The

plant is tall, slender, with a single appressed lanceolate-linear leaf

and a strictly branching inflorescence.

Epidendrum ibaguense H.B.K.

Terrestrial in open savanna and igneous rock outcrops, Puerto

Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58515.

A widespread and variable species. Mexico, Central America,

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and probably Bolivia.

Catasetum discolor (Lindl.) Lindl.

Epiphyte in leaf-bases of Mauritia palm in Sabana Grande, north-

east of Esmeralda, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215

m., 58403; terrestrial among rock outcrops below mouth of Rio Sana-

riapo, along Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58440.

Also British Guiana, Surinam, and Brazil.

SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA

Pogonia sp.

Terrestrial on summit of Cerro Duida, on top of high moist ridge,

alt. 1820-2075 m., 58314. No flowers present, apparently allied to,

if not referable to P. stricta C. Schweinf.

53 Orchidaceae by Charles Schweinfurth

846 PEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Psilochilus macrophyllus (Lindl.) Ames.

Pogonia macrophyllus Lindl.

Terrestrial in steep woods, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs

near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1330-1660 m.,

58052.

Also Guatemala, Costa Rica, the West Indies, and Peru.

Epidendrum brae hyphy Hum Lindl.

Terrestrial, on face of moist exposed cliff with large bromeliads

(Brocchinia Tatei) growing on vertical bluffs, southeastern-facing

sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt.

1500 m., 58037.

Epidendrum sp. aff. E. teretifolium Sw.

Epiphyte in steep woods, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs

near Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt. 1330-1660 m.,

58053. Plant medium-sized; leaves narrowly linear, longitudinally

sulcate, more or less recurved.

Polycycnis surinamensis C. Schweinf., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 75:

224. fig. 17. 1948.

Terrestrial, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs, near Cano

Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58016.

Surinam. New to Venezuela.

Koellensteinia graminea (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

Epiphyte, in forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano

Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58088.

Maxillaria Quelchii Rolfe. ex char.

Terrestrial on summit of Cerro Duida, on top of high moist ridge,

alt. 1820-2075 m., 58325.

Previously known only from Mount Roraima.

RORAIMA

Habenaria entomantha (Llav. & Lex.) Lindl.

Savanna, Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between

Kun and base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 m«> 58552; between

Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount

Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59298.

Pogonia sp. aff. P. divaricata (L.) R. Br.

Terrestrial on dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall

at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 847

Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065

m., 59205. Only fruit present; tall stout, unifoliate plant.

Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl.

Terrestrial, among bushes along margins of Central Swamp, sum-

mit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the summit, alt. 2700-2740

m., 58903.

This collection is probably to be referred to the above species.

The coriaceous leaves and stout scape "are abnormal, but the in-

florescence is incomplete in the specimen cited.

Ponthieva sp.

Terrestrial on southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon

Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58962.

The present collection is probably to be referred to this genus.

It is a tall plant with basal rosette of 6 lanceolate-elliptic, acumi-

nate, long-petioled leaves and long loose raceme.

Malaxis Maguirei C. Schweinf.

Terrestrial, on moist mossy boulders over bluffs or crevasses,

southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base

of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040 m., 58979.

Known previously only from Surinam, this is the first Venezuelan

record for the species.

Epidendrum brachyphyllum Lindl.

Terrestrial, summit of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north

and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58855; terrestrial

on forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040

m., 58686; terrestrial, in meadow, vicinity of Rondon Camp, on

southwest-facing slopes, alt. 2040 m., 58940.

Widely distributed in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Epidendrum ramosum Jacq. var. lanceolatum Griseb.

Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, southwest-facing forested slopes

between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255

m., 58794.

Previously known from Central America and the West Indies.

Apparently previously unrecorded from South America.

Epidendrum repens Cogn.

Pendent epiphyte from mossy tree trunk, southwest-facing forested

slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt.

2040-2255 m., 58968.

848 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Polystachya nana (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Epiphyte on tree, wooded margin of Uiaren River, Gran Sabana,

between Divina Pastora and Santa Elena, south of Mount Rorairaa,

alt. 915-1005 m., 59289.

Known also from the West Indies, British Guiana, Surinam, north-

ern Brazil, and Peru.

Galeandra Beyrichii Rchb. f.

Terrestrial, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukena'n,

at base of Mount Roraima, Gran Sabana, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58590.

Vernacular name: "murmura" (which signifies in Spanish "name

de monte").

Known also from Florida, the West Indies, Colombia, Brazil, and

perhaps Peru.

Bletia florid a (Salisb.) R. Br.

Terrestrial, in forested south west- facing quebrada pear Rondon

Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58650.

Known also from the West Indies and Colombia.

Catasetum planiceps Lindl.

Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rib Kukenan,

at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58568. Vernacular

name: "muramu" or "cebolleta."

Known also from British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and perhaps

Peru.

Maxillaria meridensis Lindl.

Epiphyte on tree branch, southwest-facing forested slopes be-

tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255

m., 58986.

Known also from Guadeloupe, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Maxillaria xantholeuca Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf.

Epiphyte on tree branch, southwest-facing forested slopes between

Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58946.

This variety of an Ecuadorian species, the variety originally de-

scribed from Peru, is new to Venezuela.

Dichaea pendula (Aubl.) Cogn.

Epiphyte on branch of tree in rich wet woods, ascent of ledge

along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m., 58728.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 849

This collection is probably to be referred to the above species.

The flowers seen with the collection were rather poor for certain

identification. The species ranges also in Costa Rica, French

Guiana, and Brazil.

PTARI -TEPllf

Selenipedium palm (folium (Lindl.) Reichb. f.

Terrestrial, in woods, southeastern portion of base of Carrao-

tepuf, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60854. The leaves are unusually narrow

in this specimen, but it probably is to be referred to this species.

The species is known also in Trinidad, British Guiana, Surinam,

French Guiana, and Brazil. It has not been previously recorded

from Venezuela.

Phragmipedium Klotzschianum (Reichb. f.) Rolfe.

Terrestrial in masses, common along rocky sandy streambank,

vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms.

east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.,

60487. Known otherwise only from the Roraima area.

Phragmipedium Lindleyanum (Schomb.) Rolfe.

On boulder, crest of Sororopan-tepui between east and west end,

alt. 2255 m., 60104. Known otherwise only from Mount Roraima.

Ilabenaria caldensis Kranzl.

Woods in draw, on summit of Sororopan-tepui", alt. 2225*2255 ni«>

60099. The anterior lobe of petal is shorter than typical.

The species has also been found in Venezuela on Auyan-tepui',

and is otherwise known from British Guiana, Brazil, and Peru.

Habenaria parviflora Lindl.

Rocky hematite exposures on open slopes, summit of Sororopa'n-

tepuf at west end, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60059.

Also known from Colombia, British Guiana, Ecuador, Brazil,

Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina.

Habenaria roraimensis Rolfe.

Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on south west- facing

shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2200 m., 59771.

This is the first record outside of Rorairaa, the type locality.

Habenaria sp.

Terrestrial on Sororopan-tepuf, wooded ridge between quebrada

and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru'-meru), alt. 1656-1980 m., 60200.

850 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

The plant is rather large, with elliptic -lanceolate leaves and a

long, many-flowered raceme. The flowers are not in a satisfactory

condition for certain determination.

Pogonia sp. aff. P. monantha Rodr.

Terrestrial by wooded streamlet, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro

between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60126. The plant is more

or less 5.5 dm. tall, with 1 or several elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic

leaves. As only immature buds are present, it is not possible to be

absolutely certain of the specific identification.

Epistephium macrophyllum Schltr.

Border of woods in savanna, Gran Sabana, bordering forest near

Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen,

alt. 1220 m., 59402.

Originally described from Peru, and previously recorded from

Venezuela only from Auyan-tepui. The present collection has

smaller leaves than is typical.

Epistephium parviflorum Lindl.

Common in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio

Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-

tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60349.

The species occurs also in Trinidad, British Guiana, and Brazil.

Elleanthus capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb. f.

Epiphyte on trunk of Podocarpus, forested sandstone south-facing

slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800

m., 59709.

The species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West

Indies, Ecuador, and Peru.

Elleanthus linifolius Presl.

Epiphyte on prostrate tree trunk, south-facing densely forested

slopes of Ptari-tepui, between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia

Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59436.

The species occurs also in Mexico and Central America, the West

Indies, Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, and

Peru.

Sobralia liliastrum Lindl.

Dry rocky thickets on uneven ground, Gran Sabana, between

Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuaf,

on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59387; terrestrial, near stream on

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 851

savanna-covered slope toward east end of Sororopan-tepuf, alt.

2255 m., 60117.

The species is also known in British Guiana and Brazil.

Sobralia stenophylla Lindl.

On rocks at base of waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western

end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m.r 60221; beside fast water, in

savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between

Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepul, alt. 1220 m.,

60338.

The species also occurs in British Guiana.

Sobralia sp. aff. S. violacea Linden ex Lindl.

Common terrestrial plant on forested sandstone, south-facing

slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp" of Ptari-tepuf,

alt. 1700-1800 m., 59698.

The plant is atypical with smooth stems.

Sobralia sp.

Terrestrial in woods along slopes of waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-

meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60219.

Prescottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl.

Terrestrial, Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60052.

Known previously in Venezuela from Auyan-tepuf. The species

occurs also in Florida, Mexico, Central America, and the West

Indies.

Stelis muscifera Lindl.

Epiphyte on tree trunk on forested south-facing slopes overlying

sandstone on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepuf, alt.

1810 m., 59520.

The species is known only from Venezuela.

Stelis sp.

Terrestrial on rocky hematite outcrops on open slopes on west

end of summit of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60062. A

medium-sized plant, cespitose, with oblong-linear leaves and short

solitary strict racemes.

As no flowers are present, it is not possible to refer this collec-

tion to any known species with certainty.

Masdevallia sp. aff. M. picturata Rchb. f.

Epiphyte on slender mossy branches, south-facing forested slopes

overlying sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850

852 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

m., 59812. A small plant, cespitose; stems abbreviated; leaves

narrowly oblanceolate; scapes filiform, naked, 1 -flowered.

As the collection is in fruit only, the specific determination is

not certain.

Lepanthes duidensis A. & S.

Epiphyte on branch, south-facing forested slopes overlying sand-

stone just northeast of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepui', alt. 1800-1850

m., 59820.

Apparently restricted to the sandstone table-mountains of Vene-

zuela. Previously known only from Duida.

Pleurothallis Broadway! Ames.

Epiphyte on tree, forested sandstone south-facing slopes between

plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepui, alt. 1700-1800 m.,

59708.

The species has been recorded in Venezuela only from the Isla

Margarita. It is otherwise known from Mexico, Central America,

and the West Indies.

Pleurothallis roraimensis Rolfe.

Epiphyte on branches of tree, on densely forested steep south-

facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and

moist base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59562;

epiphyte on tree branch, along base of east-facing high sandstone

bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59945.

Apparently restricted to certain table -mountains of Venezuela.

Pleurothallis semipellucida Rchb. f.

Terrestrial on mossy hump, on forested south-facing slopes over-

lying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810

m., 59572.

Known also from Trinidad, Peru, and Bolivia.

Pleurothallis stenopetala Lodd. ex Lindl.

Epiphyte on Hirtella macrophylla, lower portion of Quebrada

O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de

Kavanayen, alt. 91 5"! 065 m., 60564. This collection, in mature

fruit, probably is to be referred to this species.

Pleurothallis uncinata Fawc.

Epiphyte on branch, on south-facing densely forested slopes of

Ptari-tepui between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp,"

alt. 1500-1520 m., 59477.

This is the first record of the species from Venezuela. It is

otherwise known from Costa Rica, Panama, and Jamaica.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 853

Pleurothallis vaginata Schltr.

Terrestrial on densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes over-

lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone

bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59550.

This species is also known from Costa Rica, Guadeloupe, British

Guiana, Peru, and Bolivia. It is not included among the orchids in

the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana.

Pleurothallis Wilsonii Lindl. aff.

Creeping on trunk, on wooded ridge between quebrada and water-

fall (Salto de Iwaracaru-meru) of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1656-1980 m.,

60198.

This species has previously been recorded only from the West

Indies. As the present collection is in fruit only, its determination

is not certain.

Pleurothallis sp.

Terrestrial or on rocky places, along base of east-facing high

sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59932. A medium-

sized plant; stems conspicuous with few large tubular sheaths; leaf

elliptic-oblong; inflorescence solitary, shorter than the leaf. Since

the collection is in fruit only, its exact identity is uncertain.

Brachionidium brevicaudatum Rolfe.

Epiphyte on log, rich woods on ridge just below summit of

Sororopan-tepiu, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60047.

Known previously only from Roraima, the type locality.

Octomeria sp. aff. O. parvifolia Rolfe.

Epiphyte on trunk of Bonnetia roraimae, summit of Carrao-tepuf,

alt. 2470-2500 m., 60907. Plant small, stems prominent, leaf linear.

The flowers present are unsatisfactory for certain identification.

Liparis elata Lindl.

Terrestrial on south-facing, densely forested slopes of Ptari-

tepuf between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt.

1500-1520 m., 59443.

Known also from Florida, Mexico, Central America, the West

Indies, and all of northern South America.

Hexisia reflexa Rchb. f.

Epiphyte on tree in wooded ravine below edge of mesa between

Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and wooded quebrada about 8 kms.

northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60464. Vernacular name:

854 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

"ye-pa-kum" (the general name used for "parasita" by the Indians

of this area).

The species occurs also in the West Indies, Surinam, and Brazil.

Epidendrum brachyphyllum Lindl.

Terrestrial on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,

on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1810m.,

59516; common on Sororopan-tepuf, crest of cerro between east and

west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60158; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp,"

on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m.,

60275.

Widely distributed in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Epidendrum caespitosum Rodr.

Terrestrial in scrubby forest at margin of swampy meadow, vicinity

of "Misia Kathy Camp" on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-

tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60245; terrestrial in savanna and shrubby growth

bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavana-

ye'n and base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60325. The erect tall

stems vary from nearly 2 to over 3 meters tall.

This species has not previously been recorded from Venezuela.

It is known otherwise from Brazil and Colombia.

Epidendrum carnosum Lindl.

Terrestrial on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui in Bonnetia

roraimae forest, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59733; common terrestrial plant

in Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on south west- facing

shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2200 m., 59783; vicinity of "Misia

Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepuf,

alt. 1615 m., 60246.

Previously recorded in Venezuela from Mount Duida. Known other-

wise in Brazil, British Guiana, and Guadeloupe.

Epidendrum coriifolium Lindl.

Epiphyte on tree trunk along stream above waterfall, Salto de

Iwaracanf-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m.,

60223. Lip slightly indented on each side.

Previously recorded in Venezuela from Auyan-tepui'. The species

is also known from Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, and Peru.

Epidendrum crassilabium Poepp. & Endl.

E. variegatum Hook, is a synonym.

Epiphyte on Chaetocarpus stipularis by fast water, in savanna and

shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Tere-

sita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60337.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 855

The species also occurs in Costa Rica, Panama, the West Indies,

Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.

Epidendrum ibaguense H.B.K.

E. Schomburgkii Lindl. is a synonym.

Terrestrial along streamlet, Gran Sabana, between Mission of

Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large

mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59348; savanna and shrubby growth bordering

forest of Ri'o Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and

base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60328; Sororopan-tepui, crest of

cerro between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60159.

A widespread and variable species, occurring in Mexico, Central

America, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and probably Bolivia.

Epidendrum Miersii Lindl.

Terrestrial, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between

Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m., 60276.

Previously recorded in Venezuela from Roraima. The species is

otherwise known from British Guiana and Brazil.

Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq.

Terrestrial on rocky exposures, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro

between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60114; terrestrial on

rocky exposures, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and

west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60133.

The species also occurs in Florida, Mexico, Central America,

the West Indies, all of northern South America, and Sierra Leone,

Africa, where probably introduced.

Epidendrum oncidioides Lindl.

Epiphyte among lower branches of shrubs in woods, lower south-

eastern slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1675-1980 m., 60870.

The species is also found in Mexico, Central America, and most

of South America.

Epidendrum ramosum Jacq. var. lanceolatum Griseb.

Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk on forested south-facing slopes over-

lying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock,"

Ptari-tepui, alt. 1810-2100 m., 59535.

As previously noted under the section treating Roraima, this

variety has not previously been recorded from South America.

Epidendrum repens Cogn.

Epiphyte dangling from mossy tree trunk, on forested south-facing

856 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp,"

Ptari-tepul, alt. 1810 m., 59522.

The species also occurs in Mexico, Central America, and the

West Indies.

Epidendrum teretifolium Sw.

Epiphyte on tree on forested sandstone, south-facing slopes

between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1700-

1800 m., 59722.

The species alst> occurs in Mexico, Central America, and the

West Indies.

Epidendrum tigrinum Linden ex Lindl.

Terrestrial on south-facing, densely forested slopes overlying

sandstone, vicinity of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1800 m.,

59966.

Also occurs in Colombia, British Guiana, Ecuador, and Bolivia.

Epidendrum violascens Ridl.

Terrestrial on exposed top of big boulder, in Bonnetia roraimae

forest on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2000-2200

m., 59765.

This species is restricted to the table-mountains of Venezuela.

Epidendrum sp.

Epiphyte on living trunk of Geonoma, along base of high south-

facing, sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepul, alt. 2419 m., 59895. Plant

tall; stems subremote on a creeping rhizome, distichously leaved

above; leaves subremote, oblong-elliptic, rather large; peduncle

short; inflorescence loosely paniculate with simple ascending

branches. An old flower is present on the summit of the mature

ellipsoid fruit, but certain identification is not possible.

Scaphy glottis grandiflora A. & S.

On top of big boulder on south-facing, densely fores ted slopes

overlying sandstone, vicinity of Cave Rock, "" Ptar i-tepui, alt.

1800 m., 59962.

Recorded formerly only from Mount Duida.

Scaphyglottis sp.

Epiphyte on tree in scrubby forest at margin of swampy meadow,

vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and

Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60249. Plant rather small; stems

superposed, relatively short, branching at the nodes; leaves in

pairs at the nodes, linear; flowers axillary, very small. The flowers

are too old for certain identification.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 857

Scaphyglottis sp.

Epiphyte on tree trunk, wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma,

between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rib Pacairao (tributary

of Rio Mouak), alt. 1 065-1220 m., 60382. Buds only are present on

this specimen. The plant is tall, very slender; stems clavate, long-

stipitate below, 1 -leaved at the apex; leaf erect, elongate, narrowly

linear; peduncle axillary, short, loosely few-flowered. Without

mature flowers certain identification is not possible.

Isochilus linearis (Jacq.) R. Br.

Epiphyte on Hirtella macrophylla in lower portion of Quebrada

O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kava-

nayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60563.

A widespread species occurring in Mexico, Central America, the

West Indies, -South America south to Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.

Bletia florida (Salisb.) R. Br.

Terrestrial, near streamlet, Sororopa'n-tepui, crest of cerro be-

tween east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60145.

The species occurs also in the West Indies and Colombia.

Bulbophyllum geraense Rchb. f.

Terrestrial, on dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level

ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing

slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59674.

In Venezuela this species has been recorded previously only

from Roraima. It is also known to occur in Brazil.

Bulbophyllum Warmingianum Cogn.

Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense forest along Rio Karuai between

base of Ptari-tepuf and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375

m., 60611.

This species also occurs in Brazil. It is not recorded in the

Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana.

Cyrtopodium Broadway! Ames.

Terrestrial, in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of

Rib Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of

Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60350.

Previously unreported from Venezuela, this species is known

otherwise from Trinidad.

Catasetum discolor (Lindl.) Lindl.

Terrestrial on rocks, Sororopan-tepui', crest of cerro between

east and west ends, alt. 2255 m.,; 60116; terrestrial over rocky

858 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

surfaces in savanna, along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui,

west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60749.

Reported previously in Venezuela from Roraima and the Alto

Orinoco. The species also occurs in British Guiana, Surinam,

and Brazil.

Eriopsis biloba Lindl.

Terrestrial, Sororopan-tepu/, crest of cerro between east and

west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60138.

Recorded in Venezuela previously from Roraima. The species

also occurs in Peru.

Houlletia roraimensis Rolfe.

Terrestrial on steep forested slopes at base of first line of sand-

stone bluffs, on south-facing part of Ptari-tepuf, east of "Cave

Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59864.

Previously recorded only from Roraima. Apparently restricted to

the table-mountains of Venezuela.

Otostylis brachystalix (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

Terrestrial on south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1675 ni.,

60970.

The species occurs also in Trinidad, BritisTi Guiana, and Colom-

bia. In Venezuela it has been recorded previously only from Auyan-

tepui'.

Zygopetalum Burkei Rchb. f.

Epiphyte on low shrubs in swamp of dwarf bushes with

Heliamphora, Stegolepis, and Bonnetia, southeastern portion at base

of Carrao-tepu/, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60855.

In Venezuela this species has been previously recorded from

Roraima and Auyan-tepuf. It occurs also in British Guiana.

Zygopetalum venustum Ridl.

Terrestrial in sandy savanna, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp,"

on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m.,

60254.

This species is known only from the Roraima region. In the

present collection the flowers are too old for certain identification.

Maxillaria attenuata A. & S.

Epiphyte on tree on steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes

overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sand-

stone bluffs of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59539.

This species is new to South America. It had been found pre-

viously only in Costa Rica.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 859

Maxillaria aurea (Poepp. & Endl.) L. O. Wms. var. gigantea (Lindl.)

C. Schweinf.

Terrestrial on steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes over-

lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone

bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59575; same habitat, just

northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59821.

This variety also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.

Maxillaria brunnea Linden & Rchb. f.

Epiphyte in dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna be-

tween base of Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepuT, alt. 1220 m., 60773.

This species has heretofore been recorded only from Colombia.

Maxillaria Connellii Rolfe.

Epiphyte on tree trunk on steep, densely forested, south-facing

slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high

sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59538.

Originally described from Roraima, and previously known only

from that locality. The present collection has the flower slightly

smaller than in typical M. Connellii.

Maxillaria meridensis Lindl.

Terrestrial, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone,

on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepui, alt. 1810 m.,

59494; terrestrial on top of boulder in Bonnetia roraimae forest on

southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59764; terrestrial,

on large boulder on south- facing forested slopes overlying sand-

stone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59809.

The species also occurs in Guadeloupe, Colombia, Ecuador, and

Peru.

Maxillaria xantholeuca Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf.

Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, on steep, densely forested, south-

facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base

of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 nu, 59546.

This variety, described from Peruvian collections, has not been

previously reported from Venezuela.

Trigonidium tenue Lodd.

Epiphyte on tree, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary

of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065

m., 60545.

Previously unrecorded from Venezuela. The species is found

also in British Guiana, Surinam, northern Brazil, and Peru.

860 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Brassia Wageneri Rchb. f.

Terrestrial on boulders in open situations, vicinity of Salto de

Pacairao bordering Rfo Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of

Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60509.

The species also occurs in Colombia and British Guiana.

Oncidium nigratum Lindl. & Paxt.

Terrestrial on forested south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui overlying

sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 ro.,

59488.

Previously recorded in Venezuela from Rorairaa. Also known

from British Guiana.

Dichaea muricata (Sw.) Lindl.

Pendent epiphyte at base of tree trunk, on lower south-facing

slopes of Ptari-tepui' between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio

Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60692. Although no flowers were seen, the

present collection probably pertains to this species.

A widespread and variable species, ranging from Mexico to

Panama, the West Indies, British Guiana, French Guiana, Colombia,

Ecuador, and Brazil.

Dichaea pendula (Aubl.) Cogn.

On steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes overlying sand-

stone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs of

Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59555.

The species also occurs in Costa Rica, French Guiana, and

Brazil.

Campylocentrum micranthum (Lindl.) Rolfe.

Epiphyte on tree along Rio Karuai, in dense forest at base of

Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60622.

A widespread species extending from Mexico, through Central

America, the West Indies, Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, French

Guiana, Brazil, and Peru.

CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE

Habenaria parviflora Lindl.

SUCRE: in swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing

headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000

m., 62701.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 861

Vanilla inodora Schiede.

ANZ GATE GUI: rather dry forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bor-

dering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 800-1100

m., 61110. Vernacular name: "vainilla." The crude sap of the

plant is reputed to be used locally in the treatment of liver ailments.

As the specimen has only immature fruits and no flowers, the

determination is only tentative. The species has not been reported

previously from Venezuela, but occurs in Mexico, Central America,

the West Indies, Trinidad, British Guiana, Surinam, and perhaps

Brazil.

Elleanthus furfuraceous (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

MONAGAS: on boulder, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las

Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62078. SUCRE:

on big boulders just west of Boqueron, Cerro Turumiquire, between

eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered

knife-edge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62664.

Both of these collections differ from the type in having many

flowers in the raceme. The species occurs also in Colombia, Peru,

and perhaps Ecuador.

Elleanthus linifolius Presl.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Platymiscium along Rib Leon, north-

east of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m. , 61427; epiphyte on Toulicia megalo-

carpa, headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between

Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m.,

61719. MONAGAS: epiphyte on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of

Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe,

alt. 850 m., 62156.

•

The species occurs in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies,

Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.

Gomphicis viscosa (Reichb. f.) Schltr.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on trunk of dead tree 25 feet above

ground, in cloud forest of Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La

Tigra, Cerro San Jose', between Bergantin and Cerro Peonia (Cerro

Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 61543. MONAGAS: terrestrial

around summit of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras,

northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62112. SUCRE: terrestrial,

Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and

zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62517.

Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera

de la Costa.

862 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Prescottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl.

ANZOATEGUI: on exposed shaly spots on crest, steep south-

facing slopes above tree zone, Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos),

above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Man ami ales, east of Bergantfn,

alt. 1800-2000 m., 61601.

Not previously recorded from the Cordillera de la Costa.

Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl.

MONAGAS: terrestrial on top of ridge, Montana de Aguacate,

along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of

Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m.,

62227.

Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera

de la Costa. The species also occurs in Mexico, Central America,

the West Indies, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil.

Ponthieva racemosa (Walt.) Mohr.

ANZOATEGUI: on boulder along Rio Zumbador and tributary,

near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000

m., 61320. MONAGAS: on meadowy slopes between La Sabana de

las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500

m., 61808. Possibly 62567 from Cerro Turumiquire, state of Sucre,

belongs here.

This species also occurs in the southeastern United States,

Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, and Ecuador.

Spiranthes elata (Sw.) L. C. Rich.

MONAGAS: on boulder at edge of cafetal, below limestone bluffs,

Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of

Caripe, alt. 1000 m., 61873; terrestrial on rock, steep north-facing

forested limestone slopes of Cerro Guacharo, above limestone bluffs

above La Laguna, between Gua'charo Cave and San Agustfn, alt.

1100-1300 m., 62020.

The species also occurs in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the

West Indies and South America to Brazil and Argentina.

Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich.

MONAGAS: terrestrial in exposed savanna, vicinity of La Cuchilla,

between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62266.

The species occurs also in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the

West Indies, and South America to Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.

Erythrodes procera (Schltr.) Ames.

Physurus procerus Schltr.

ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial along Rio Zumbador and tributary,

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 863

near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000

m., 61309.

This species occurs also in Colombia and Dominican Republic.

Stelis Endresii Reichb. f.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, in woods along

Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neverf, northeast of

Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 67043.

This species was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Vene-

zolana and is here recorded for the first time. The species occurs

also in Costa Rica, Panama, Brazil, and Peru.

Stelis Maderoi Schltr. ex char.

SUCRE: epiphyte on tree trunk, Cerro Turumiquire, moist

savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak

with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62657.

This species, originally described from Colombia, has not pre-

viously been reported outside of that country.

Stelis tristyla Lindl.

MONAGAS: Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo,

alt. 1500-1620 m., 62323.

Previously recorded only from Mount Roraima and vicinity.

Lepanthes sp. aff. L. rotundifolia L. O. Wms.

MONAGAS : epiphyte on tree, along Quebrada Colorado Grande,

forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, south-

west of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61960. Flower agglutinated;

medium-sized plant; stems 7- to 8-jointed, nearly smooth; leaf sub-

orbicular; inflorescence shorter than the leaf.

The species has been described from Panama.

Pleurothallis sp. aff. P. calyptrostele Schltr.

ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada

Danta and Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m.,

61124a. Plant very small, creeping; secondary stems subremote,

abbreviated; leaves elliptic to oblong-obovate.

Pleurothallis chamensis Lindl.

ANZOATEGUI: on exposed boulders, among shrubby dwarfed

growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit of Cerro

Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of

Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61650.

MONAGAS: epiphyte on living tree trunk, in dwarf forest on exposed

ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering

864 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m.. 61887; on rocks, Cerro Negro, above

La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m.,

62729.

The species also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.

Pleurothallis coriacardia Rchb. f.

MONAGAS: on bark of living tree, near summit of Cerro Guacharo,

above Gua'charo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62335.

The present collection is probably to be referred to the above

species, which in Venezuela has been known only from the Andes

of Merida.

Pleurothallis Ghiesbreghtiana A. Rich. & Gal.

MONAGAS : on rock, vicinity of San Agustin, near house of

Roberto Mezzano, in valley northwest of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61866;

on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on

south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62143. The determina-

tion of the latter collection is somewhat in doubt, as the flowers

are past their maturity.

The species was formerly known as P, incompta Rchb. f. It

occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and

Colombia.

Pleurothallis leptopetala Cogn.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree in dense forest along Rio Can-

grejo, tributary to Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500

m., 61176. MONAGAS: epiphyte on tree, open rocky limestone

slopes, summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and

bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1300 m., 61932.

This species occurs in Surinam and Trinidad. The present col-

lections are the only ones thus far recorded from Venezuela. The

species was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana.

Pleurothallis plumosa Lindl. vel aff.

MONAGAS: on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista

Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62152.

On account of the fragmentary condition of the flowers, the deter-

mination of this collection is not certain.

The species occurs also in Costa Rica, Trinidad, and Bolivia.

Pleurothallis ruscifolia (Jacq.) R. Br.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte along Rio Zumbador and tributary,

near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000

m., 61312.

The species occurs also in Costa Rica, Panama, the West Indies,

and all of northern South America.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 865

Pleurothallis semperflorens Lindl.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Chimarrhis cymosa, forested slopes

between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast

of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61141.

The species occurs also in British Guiana, Surinam, and French

Guiana.

Pleurothallis sp. aff. P. velaticaulis Rchb. f.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree trunk, along Rio Zumbador and

tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, .northeast of Berg an tin, <alt.

800-1000 m., 61276. SUCRE: terrestrial in valley between base of

Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turu-

miquire) and Cerro de Neveri, along headwaters of Rio de Amana,

alt. 2000 m., 62717. Both collections are in fruit, so that the spe-

cific determination is not certain. The plants are large, coarse,

cespitose, with stems conspicuous and mostly concealed by large

loose, shining, tubular sheaths; leaves erect, petioled, lamina

elliptic-oblong; inflorescences numerous, diffuse, many-flowered,

much shorter than the leaves.

Liparis cardiophylla Ames vel aff.

SUCRE: terrestrial, on sandstone slopes, Cerro Turumiquire,

between headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of southern peak,

alt. 2200-2400 m., 62645. The determination is not certain, as only

fruits are present. The plant is medium-sized, with a creeping

rhizome; secondary stems subremote, bearing in about the middle a

round-ovate or suborbicular-cordate leaf and terminating in a rather

loose several-flowered raceme.

The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.

Epidendrum cardioglossum Rchb. f.

SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, steep north-facing sand-

stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.

2360-2500 m., 62596.

Recorded only from Venezuela.

Epidendrum Hartii Rolfe.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Fissicalyx Fendleri, forested slopes

between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast

of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61125. MONAGAS: epiphyte on tree,

dwarf forest on exposed ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita,

south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61892.

This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.

It is known also from Trinidad.

866 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Epidendrum ibaguense H.B.K. var. Schomburgkii (Lindl.)

C. Schweinf.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, woods along

Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of

Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61042.

The variety occurs also in Brazil, Surinam, British Guiana,

Trinidad, Ecuador, Peru, and perhaps Bolivia.

Epidendrum imatophyllura Lindl.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte in tuft on Inga spuria, woods along Rib

Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neverf, northeast of

Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 60996.

This species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, Trinidad,

Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, and

Peru.

Epidendrum Klotzscheanum Rchb. f.

SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, steep, north-facing sand-

stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.

2360-2500 m., 62586.

The species also occurs in Colombia.

Epidendrum sp. aff. E. nanum C. Schweinf.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Pouteria simulans tree trunk on top

of ridge, headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, be-

tween Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-

1400 m., 61722. The flowers are too old for certain identification.

They are borne on summit of subglobose fruits. The plants are very

small; stems short, slender, distichously many-leaved; leaves

small, oblong-linear; flower apparently sessile and solitary.

This species, originally described from Peru, has not been re-

ported from Venezuela.

Epidendrum Ottonis Rchb. f.

MONAGAS: on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista

Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62142.

The species is also found in Panama, the West Indies, Colombia,

and Peru.

Epidendrum ramosum Jacq.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, woods along

Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of

Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61046.

The species is also found in Mexico, Central America, the West

Indies, and northern South America.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 867

Epidendrum sp. aff. E. raphidophorum Lindl.

ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial, cloud forest on wooded summit of

Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters

of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2350 m., 61699. The

plant is in fruit and the old flowers are on the summit of ellipsoid

ovaries; plant very large and stout, up to 1.3 m. high; stem robust,

strongly flattened, many-leaved; leaves distichous, large, lanceolate-

oblong; peduncle short, concealed by 2 large scarious spathes;

raceme densely many-flowered.

Epidendrum rigidiflorum Schltr.

SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, steep north-facing sand-

stone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt.

236O2500 m., 62597.

The species also occurs in Costa Rica, Colombia, and Peru.

It has not been previously reported from Venezuela

Epidendrum rigidum Jacq.

MONAGAS: epiphyte on tree trunk, dwarf forest on exposed

ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering

valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61893; on Erythrina, in coffee

hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe,

Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62150.

The species also occurs in Florida, Mexico, Central America,

the West Indies, and northern South America to Bolivia.

Epidendrum teretifolium Sw.

MONAGAS : epiphyte on trunk of Byrsonima, forested summit of

Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62013.

SUCRE: on big boulders, just west of Boqueron, Cerro Turumiquire,

between eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-

covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62663.

The species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, and the

West Indies.

Brassavola cucullata (L.) R. Br.

MONAGAS: epiphyte near base of tree, forested slopes along top

of sandstone escarpment above Rio Amana, at La Traviesa Mene

Grande Oil Company Camp, 7 kilometers west of Santa Barbara, alt.

244 m., 61758.

The species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West

Indies, and Colombia.

Scaphyglottis brachyphylla (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.

MONAGAS: epiphyte on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan

868 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28

Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt.

850 m., 62755.

This species has not been reported previously from South Amer-

ica. It is known otherwise only from Costa Rica.

Scaphyglottis Lindeniana (A. Rich. & Gal.) L. O. Wms.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, woods along

Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of

Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61050.

This species is new to South America. It has been previously

known only from Mexico and Central America.

Bulbophyllum arista turn (Rchb. f.) Hemsl.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree, woods along Rio Leo'n by

Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantfn,

alt. 500 m., 61064.

This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela.

It is known also in Mexico and Central America.

Mormodes Carton ii Hook.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on boulder, steep south-facing slopes,

on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree

zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head-

waters of Rib Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m.,

61605.

The determination of this specimen is somewhat uncertain, as

the flowers are rather poor. The species also occurs in Colombia,

and has been recorded from the Venezuelan Andes previously.

Catasetum planiceps Lindl.

MONAGAS: terrestrial on forested slopes along top of sandstone

escarpment above Rib Amana, at La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil

Company Camp, 7 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 244 m., 61756.

The species also occurs in British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and

perhaps Peru.

Gongora maculata Lindl.

ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree, dense forest along Rib Can-

grejo, tributary to Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500

m., 61173; by state of Sucre boundary, epiphyte on Brownea leu-

cantha, near confluence of Rib. Leon and Rio Zumbador, northeast

of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61212.

This species is not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Vene-

zolana. It occurs also in Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, British

Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and Peru.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 869

Xylobium pallid if lorum (Hook.) Nichols.

MONAGAS: common epiphyte on trees, dwarf forest on exposed

ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering

valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61889.

The species occurs also in the West Indies, Ecuador, Peru, and

Bolivia.

Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl.

ANZOATEGUI: very common epiphyte forming colonies, by state

of Sucre boundary, near confluence of Rio Leo'n and Rio Zumbador,

northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61205. Probably 61048

from the same general area belongs here, but in fruiting condition