BRYOLOGIE-LICHÉNOLOGIE

ANCIENNE REVUE BRYOLOGIQUE ET LICHÉNOLOGIQUE

Fondée par T. HUSNOT en 1874

Directeur : Mme S. JOVET-AST

Rédaction : Mme H. BISCHLER, M. D. LAMY

Éditeur : A.D.A.C.

COMITÉ DE LECTURE

Bryologie: J. BERTHIER, J.L. DE SLOOVER, P. GEISSLER, S.R. GRADSTEIN, J.P.

HÉBRARD, S. JOVET-AST, D. LAMY, M.C. NOAILLES, C. SUIRE.

Lichénologie: J. ASTA, T. BERNARD, B. BODO, W.L. CULBERSON, M,C, JANEX-

FAVRE, J. LAMBINON, M.A. LETROUIT-GALINOU, Cl, ROUX.

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Source : MNHN. Paris,

CRYPTOGAMIE

BRYOLOGIE

LICHENOLOGIE

TOME 10 Fascicule 4 1989

Publié avec le concours du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle

Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1989, 10 (4): 283-287 283

MOSSES NEW TO CHINA

FROM HEILONGJIANG AND JILIN PROVINCES

Dale H. VITT* and Tong CAO**

* Department of Botany, University of Alberta,

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9.

** Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica,

Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.

RESUME - Deux genres et sept espéces de mousses (Bryopsida) provenant du Nord-Est de

la Chine ont été récoltés pour la première fois dans ce pays. Psélopilum cavifolium et

Tetrodontium repandum ont été trouvées pour la première fois dans la région du Mont

Chang Bai dans la province de Jilin. Drepanocladus schulzei, Sphagnum flexuosum, S.

lenense, S. wulfianum, et Tomenthypnum falcifolium sont signalées pour la première fois

dans la région de Wuying dans la province de Heilongjiang. C'est seulement la deuxiéme

trouvaille de l'espèce Tomenthypnum falcifolium hors de l'Amérique du Nord. Ce sont les

premières récoltes des genres Psilopilum et Tetrodontium en Chine.

ABSTRACT - Two genera and seven species of mosses (Bryopsida) are reported new to

China from the northeastern portion of the country. Psilopilum cavifolium and Tetro-

dontium repandum are reported new from the Mt. Chang Bai area in Jilin Province, while

Drepanocladus schulzei, Sphagnum flexuosum, S. lenense, S. wulfianum, and Tomenthypnum

falcifolium are reported new from from the Wuying area of Heilongjiang Province.

Tomenthypnum falcifolium is here reported for the second time outside of North America.

These are the first reports of the genera Psilopilum and Tetrodontium in China.

In their Catalog of the Mosses of China, Redfearn & Wu (1986) reported just

over 2000 species in 409 genera. They suggested that future field work should

yield additional species and that much work remains to be done in determining

relationships of species presently recorded from North America and eastern

Asia. Gao (1977) reported 433 species in his moss flora of northeastern China.

While studying the peatlands of northern China, we had an opportunity to make

collections in both Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces. From our collections we

can report five species of mosses new to China from peat plateaus of Heil-

ongjiang Province, and two genera new to China from the alpine tundra sur-

rounding Mt. Chang Bai in Jilin Province. All of these species are northern or

boreal in distribution, and all are known from North America. The presence of

these species in northeastern China suggests that further careful search should re-

Source : MNHN. Paris

284 D.H. VITT and T. CAO

suit in additional widespread northern species being recorded from this area of

China.

The specimens upon which these reports are based are deposited in ALTA,

with duplicates, when present, deposited as indicated below. All collection num-

bers are those of the senior author.

Drepanocladus schulzei Roth (= D. fluitans var. uncatus Crum, Steere £ An-

ders.). - Both of our specimens are autoicous and have well developed alar cells

and reddish brown coloration. Surface water chemistry at the collecting site is

characterized by a pH of 5.3, calcium content of 2.3mg/l, magnesium content of

1.6mgj, and conductivity of 18.7uS. This species was abundant in the center of

the floating mat of a thaw pocket otherwise dominated by Sphagnum obtusum.

HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE: South slope of Xiao Xingan Mountains, 36km

north of Tang Wang River on road to Tang Bai forestry camp, elevation - 580m,

34901 (IFHBH), 34958.

Psilopilum cavifolium (Wils.) Hag. - This is the first report of this genus in

China. Our one collection consist of several stems having imbricate, decussate

leaves with entire margins and crenulate, wavy adaxial lamellae, and matches

well North American specimens (Long 1985). The plants occurred on a moist,

mineral soil ledge in mesic alpine tundra, associated with Anastrophyllum

assimile and Paraleucobryum enerve in vegetation dominated by Dryas octopeta-

la. Rhododendron chrysanthemum, Aulacomnium turgidum, and Racomitrium

lanuginosum. JILIN PROVINCE: North slope of Mt. Chang Bai along road to

crater rim, elevation 2470m, 34765.

Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy & Molk. - The relatively long, blunt, stem leaves

with slightly fimbriate apices are characteristics of our specimen, which was col-

lected on minerotrophic peat beside a small spring dominated by Brachythecium

rivulare and Cratoneuron filicinum. Associated species included Sphagnum

squarrosum and Helodium blandowii. HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE: Yongxul-

inchang Forestry Camp, 10.8km north of Tang Wang River on road to Wuying,

34935 (IFSBH):

Sphagnum lenense Lindb. f. ex Pohle. - This species was found in lawns, along

with Sphagnum imbricatum (sensu lato), S. magellanicum, and S. angustifolium

on a peat plateau dominated by Larix dahurica, Ledum palustre, and Vaccinium

uliginosum. The occurrence of S. lenense at latitude of about 49 degrees North is

comparable to its southernmost eastern North American station in central Que-

bec at 52729'N (Gauthier 1985), but much farther south than its range in western

North America (Steere 1978). In Asia, the species has an extensive distribution

in arctic and subarctic portions of the Soviet Union (Smirnova 1959). She

mapped its occurrence in regions just north and northeast of the present report,

which is the southernmost record of the species in Asia. Its presence in this area

of China may be associated with the occurrence of permafrost and the develop-

ment of ombrotrophic peat plateaus. From species found in these habitats it is

distinguished by the presence of sets of double pendent branches, relative small

size, à copper brown color, and lacerate stem leaves that also have a deep rent

for about half their length. HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE: South slope of Xiao

Xingan Mountains, 36km north of Tang Wang River on road to Tang Bai fores-

Source : MNHN, Paris

MOSSES NEW TO CHINA 285

Fig. 1 - Tetrodontium repandum - 1: plant (x11,5), 2: ste (

S m leaves (x41), 3: basal stem leaves

(x41), 4: slender branches (x41), 5: perichaetial leaf (x41), 6: upper leaf cells

(320), 7: basal leaf cells (x320), 8: capsule (x29), 9: peristome tooth (x320). Drawn

from Vitt 34759 (ALTA).

Source : MNHN. Paris

286 D.H. VITT and T. CAO

try camp, elevation 580m, 34967 (IFSBH, MO, PE, TRH, H), 34964 (IFSBH,

MO), 34970 (TRH, PE, UBC).

Sphagnum wulfianum Girg. - Our specimen was collected on the sides of a

small drainage ditch in peatland dominated by Larix dahurica, Betula fruticosa,

Vaccinium uliginosum, and Ledum palustre. Sphagnum girgensohnii formed ex-

tensive lawns on shallow, minerotrophic peat near the edge of an ombrotrophic,

permafrost dominated peat plateau. HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE: South

slope of Xiao Xingan Mountains, 33km north of Tang Wang River in Hong

Xing, northeast of Wuying, elevation 550m, 34894 (IFSBH, MO).

Tetrodontium repandum (Funck ex Sturm) Schwaegr. - The genus is here re-

ported new to China. Our specimen was found on peaty soil in a small crevice

formed beneath rock shelves in mesic alpine tundra. The specimen was collected

nearby to Psilopilum cavifolium (see above). The occurrence of this species in

northeastern China represents a significant range extension, otherwise known

from widely scattered, mostly arctic and alpine stations in Japan, the Caucasus,

central Europe, Fennoscandia, Svalbard, Jan Mayen, England, and the Pacific

Northwest, Newfoundland and arctic Alaska in North America (Duell 1984,

Murray 1987). The essential features of the chinese plants plants are illustrated

in figure 1, and include slender branches produced at the base of the stem,

ovate-lanceolate leaves, and no protonematal flaps. JILIN PROVINCE: North

slope of Mt. Chang Bai along road to crater rim, elevation 2470m, 34759 c. fr.

Tomenthypnum falcifolium (Ren. ex Nich.) Tuom. - Previously considered en-

demic to the boreal forest region of North America (Vitt & Hamilton 1975, Gau-

thier 1987), this species is here reported from eastern Asia. Recently reported

from the Lake Baikal region (near Tagarkhay at 51*50'N, 10220'E) of the

U.S.S.R. by Kosovich (1989). Ecological and morphological relationships to the

North American populations, and to T. nitens are treated separately (Vitt. et al.

1989). Our specimens were collected from four localities. The presence of this

species in peatlands dominated by Sphagnum, with surface water chemistry indi-

cative of either ombrotrophic bog or poor fen is similar to the habitat preferences

of the species in North America. JILIN PROVINCE: Small peatland at Yuan-

chi, 71km southeast of Mt. Chang Bai Research Station, elevation 1250m, 34822

(IFSHB, MO), 34826. HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE: 30km north of Hong

Xing, elevation 550m, 34880 (IFSBH), 34883 (CANM, H, MO, NY, TRH);

33km north of Hong Xing, elevation 550m, 34888 (IFSBH, MO, PE), 34890

(IFSBH); 36km north of Hong Xing, elevation 580m, 34967 (MO, PE).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. - We wish to acknowledge support of the Natural Sciences

and Engineering Research Council of Canada for support of this research through grant

number A-6390, and through an International Collaborative Research Grant to the senior

author. Professor Aur, Northeastern Forestry University, Harbin, China, provided support

during our stay in the Wuying area and Ryszard Ochyra informed us of the publication re-

porting T. falcifolium new to Eurasia, to both we are grateful.

Source : MNHN, Paris

MOSSES NEW TO CHINA 287

LITERATURE CITED

DUELL R., 1984 - Distribution of the European and Macaronesian mosses (Bryophytina)

Part I. Bryol. Beitr. 4: 1-114.

GAO C., 1977 - Flora Muscorum Chinae Boreali-Orientalis. Beijing: Science Press. 404p.

GAUTHIER R., 1985 - Contribution à la connaissance des Sphaignes (Sphagnum) du

Québec Labrador, 2: Le Sphagnum lenense H. Lindberg in Pohle. Cryptogamie, Bryol.

Lichénol. 6 (4): 379-392.

GAUTHIER R., 1987 - La répartition et l'habitat du Tomenthypnum falcifolium au

Québec-Labrador. Canad. J. Bot. 65: 286-298.

KOSOVICH E.l., 1989 - Finding of Tomenthypnum falcifolium (Brachytheciaceae) - a new

species for Eurasian bryofloræ Bor. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 74: 250-253 (in

Russian).

LONG D.G., 1985 - 1. Polytrichaceae. In: Mogensen G. (ed.), Illustrated Moss Flora of

Arctic North America and Greenland. Meddelelser Groenland, Biosci. 17: 9-57.

MURRAY B.M., 1987 - 3. Andreacobryaceae-Tetraphidaceae. In: Mogensen G. (ed), 1l-

lustrated Moss Flora of Arctic North America and Greenland. Meddelelser Groenland,

Biosci. 23: 1-36.

REDFEARN P.L., Jr. & WU P.-C., 1986 - Catalog of the mosses of China. Ann. Mis-

souri Bot. Gard. 73 (1): 177-208.

SMIRNOVA Z.N., 1959 - Ad bryofloram regionum arcticarum Jakutiae et orientis extre-

mi. Acta Inst. Bot. V.L. Komarovä Acad. Sci. URSS, Series Il, Pl. Cryptog. 12:

274-300.

STEERE W.C., 1978 - The Mosses of Arctic Alaska Vaduz: Cramer. 508p.

VITT D.H. & HAMILTON C.D., 1975 - Taxonomic status of Tomenthypnum falcifolium.

Bryologist 78: 168-177.

VITT D.H., CAO T. & GAUTHIER R., 1989 - The genus Tomenthypnum in Northeast

China. J. Bryol. (submitted).

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1989, 10 (4): 289-296 289

EFFECTS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO,)

ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF TWO LIVERWORTS

K.C. PATIDAR

Department of Botany, P.M.B. Gujarati Science College,

Indore-452001, India.

ABSTRACT - Investigations in vitro have been carried out with Riccia discolor and

Asterella angusta to study the effect of sulphur dioxide (SO) on vegetative growth. The

vegetative growth is affected by all concentrations of sulphur dioxide. At lower concen-

trations (0.2 and 0.5ppm) the acute injury such as discoloration, did not occur on new re-

generants even after 40 and 120 hours of total exposure in both liverworts. At 1.0 and

S.Oppm regenerants were filamentous, thin, narrow and became yellow green, or pinkish in

40 and 120 hours of total exposure in both liverworts. At higher concentrations (10.0, 12.0

and 15.0ppm) acute injury such as decoloration was noted in 40 hours of total exposure,

but in 120 hours, the inoculum of both liverworts became blackish and growth was com-

pletely inhibited at 12.0 and 15.0ppm. The studied growth parameters such as percentage

response, number of branches, average length, fresh and dry weight productions were al-

ways maximum in control, in both liverworts. The decreased growth parameters brought

about increase in SO, concentration and were inversely proportional to SO; dose, that is

the concentration of SO, x duration of exposure.

INTRODUCTION

Bryophytes in relation to different air pollutants proved their potential as bio-

indicator of air pollution. Due to their habitat diversity, structural simplicity, toti-

potency and rapid rate of multiplication, bryophytes appear to be ideal organ-

isms for pollution studies both under field and laboratory conditions. Influence of

sulphur dioxide (SO) on leafy hepatics and mosses was studied by Coker (1967),

Rao & Leblanc (1966), Syratt & Wanstall (1969), Comeau & Leblanc (1971),

and Taoda (1973a, b) in laboratory conditions. No attempt has been made to

study the effect of sulphur dioxide on thalloid liverworts. The present communi-

cation deals with the effect of sulphur dioxide (SO;) on growth performance of

Riccia discolor Lehm. et Lindenb. and Asterella angusta (Steph.) Kachroo in la-

boratory conditions. Both liverworts commonly grow during the rainy season in

Indore. During the experiment, percentage response, number of branches, aver-

age length and fresh and dry weight production of newly formed branches per

culture were noted.

Source : MNHN. Paris

290 K.C. PATIDAR

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thalli of Asterella angusta and Riccia discolor were collected from neighbour-

ing areas of Indore (22°22'N and 75*15'E, 540m) and brought to the laboratory

in polythene bags. The thalli were washed thoroughly to remove adhering soil

particles. Soil free thalli were cut into 4-Smm length with a razor blade, surface

sterilized with chlorinated water for 2-3 min. and washed with sterile distilled wa-

ter, then planted in sterilized petridishes on sterilized Whatmann N° 1 filter pa-

per. Ten pieces of thalli were kept in each petridish and moistened daily with

sterilized Knop’s solution. Petridishes were exposed for 1 and 3 hours to different

concentrations of sulphur dioxide (Table 1-4) in closed fumigation chambers, ac-

cording to the method of Pearson & Skye (1965), Rao & Leblanc (1966) and

Coker (1967). Three replicates of ten thalli were used for each experiment. The

experiments for both liverworts were conducted from 10 July 1987 to 18 August

1987. Data in tables 1 to 4 are based on 40-day-old cultures. During the growth

period the petridishes were exposed daily to 10 hours light (5000 lux, maintained

by an incandescent and cool white fluorescent light) and to 14 hours dark, to a

temperature of 20 + 4°C and to 80-90% humidity. Observations were made at

regular intervals under a stereoscopic binocular microscope. Each datum pre-

sented in text and tables is the mean of three replicates.

SO, percentage” Number! Length! Time Taken

re response of new of new for regene-

PERO per culture branches branches rants

(quon per per initiation

culture culture (days)

(mm)

Control 108 23 15.32 n

0.2 100 21 14,54 13

0.5 80 19 11,62 13

1.0 60 12 10.43 16

3.0 40 9 8.68 16

5.0 20 5 8.24 19

10.0 10 4 8.13 26

12.0 10 3 6.24 26

15,0 5 3 4.68 30

1 Mean of three replicates.

Table 1 - Effect of sulphur dioxide (SO) on vegetative growth of Riccia discolor exposed

daily for 1 hour (40 hours total exposure) to different concentrations of SO;.

Source - MNHN, Paris

EFFECTS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE ON GROWTH OF LIVERWORTS 291

RESULTS

Observations on Riccia discolor

1. Fumigation one hour daily. - The inoculum regenerated and produced thal-

loid as well as filamentous regenerants. Thalloid regenerants arose mainly from

the injured portions, whereas each filamentous regenerant was produced from an

intact, single epidermal cell. The filamentous regenerants eventually developed

into thalli. The first sign of regeneration was seen after 11 days in control. The

development of new branches started from inoculum after 13 days at 0.2 and

r1 LD Fresh wien

Dar werent

seseess esses os 8858838 8S

RELATIVE CHANGE IN DRY AND FRESH WEIGHT PER CULTURE (mg)

€ c2 05 10 30 50 10:0 120 190

CONCENTRATION OF S0) IN P.P.N.

Een

Fig. 1 - Effect of different concentrations of sulphur dioxide on the production of fresh and

dry weight of Riccia discolor. a) Exposed daily for 1 hour (40 hours total exposure), b)

Exposed daily for 3 hours (120 hours total exposure).

Source : MNHN, Paris

292 K.C. PATIDAR

SO, o eee Length! Time Taken

Zei SE

0.2 80 16 14.32 18

1.0 60 12 11.43 23

3.0 50 10 8.09 23

1 Mean of three replicates.

= Indicates lack of vegetative growth.

Table 2 - Effect of sulphur dioxide (SO) on vegetative growth of Riccia discolor exposed

daily for 3 hours (120 hours total exposure) to different concentrations of SO).

O.Sppm, after 16 days at 1.0 and 3.0ppm, after 19 days at 5.0, 10.0 and

12.0ppm and after 30 days at 15.0ppm. Mean percentage response per culture

was 100% in control and at 0.2ppm SO. Regenerants were developed in all SO,

concentrations (Table 1), but mean number (2.3), length (15.32mm), fresh weight

(116.21mg) and dry weight (47.32mg) was maximum in control (Table 1, Fig.

1A). Very low concentrations (i. e. 0.2 and 0.Sppm) inhibited growth. The in-

creased concentrations brought about decrease in growth parameters. At higher

concentrations (10.0, 12.0 and 15.0ppm) the growth of new branches was very

slow and thalli showed acute injury, discoloration and developed brown to black

spots on dorsal surface.

2. Fumigation three hours daily. - The first sign of regeneration was seen after

13 days and the studied parameters such as percentage response (100%), num-

ber (20), length (17.49mm), were maximum in control (Table 2). The maximum

yield of fresh weight and dry weight was also in control (Fig. 1B). The develop-

ment of new branches started after 18 days at levels of 0.2 and 0.Sppm. At this

concentration, the new branches were narrow. At levels of 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0ppm,

the new branches developed after 23 days. The regenerants were very narrow

and light brown in colour. At level of 10.0 and 12.0ppm, the formation of new

branches started after 30 days. At this concentration, brown to black spots deve-

loped on dorsal surface of regenerants and thalli became narrow and coiled.

There was no growth at 15.0ppm, even after 40 days, and the inoculum was

completely dark in colour.

Source : MNHN. Paris

EFFECTS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE ON GROWTH OF LIVERWORTS 293

Observations on Asterella angusta

1. Fumigation one hour daily. - The inoculum regenerated after 12 days in

control and regenerants developed into healthy thalli with branches of maximum

number (23), length (16.62mm), fresh weight (96.43mg) and dry weight

(42.68mg) (Table 3). The inoculum regenerated after 15 days both at 0.2 and

D.5ppm, whereas it did so after 20 and 23 days at 1.0 and 3.0 ppm, respectively.

At 5.0ppm, inoculum produced after 28 days numerous narrow, thin, yellow-

green and sparingly branched regenerants. At 10.0 and 12.0 ppm, all filamentous

regenerants were short, light yellow with wavy pinkish and incurved margin after

31 days. At 15.0ppm, growth and differentiation were suppressed markedly; the

ihalli were very short with brown-black spots on dorsal surface. The growth pa-

rameters were minimum at 15.0ppm (Table 3, Fig. 2A).

2. Fumigation three hours daily. - The inoculum regenerated after 12 days in

control and produced thalloid as well as filamentous regenerants. Filamentous

regenerants eventually developed into thalli. The percentage response (100%),

number (26), length (17.43mm) was maximum per culture in control (Table 4)

and maximum fresh and dry weight yields were obtained (Fig. 2B). The time tak-

en for regeneration ranged from 19 days at 0.2 and 0.Sppm, 26 days at 1.0 and

3.0ppm, 30 days at S.0ppm, to 34 days at 10.0ppm. At 12.0 and 15.0ppm the

inoculum showed no regenerants even after 40 days. At 0.2 and 0.Sppm, a few

thick, green, thalloid regenerants were seen that showed very poor growth. At 1.0

and 3.0ppm, very few thalli were produced. They turned yellowish green and

formed a large number of filamentous regeneranis. At 5.0ppm, a few narrow,

thin and pinkish green regenerants were produced. At 10.0ppm, 4-5 thin, narrow

50, Percentage! Number! Length! ‘Time Taken

ie response of new of new for regene-

S er culture branches branches ant:

tration E EXE. FM

ech p per initiation

PE culture culture (days)

(mm)

Control 100 23 16.62 12

0.2 30 21 14.01 15

0.5 90 17 10.53 15

1.0 70 15 8.02 20

3.0 60 12 6.89 23

5.0 50 10 5.24 28

10.0 30 7 4.33 3

12.0 20 5 3.76 31

15.0 20 4 3.39 33

1 Mean of three replicates.

Table 3 - Effect of sulphur dioxide (SO) on vegetative growth of Asterella angusta exposed

daily for 1 hour (40 hours total exposure) to different concentrations of SO.

Source - MNHN, Paris

294

K.C. PATIDAR

88383

(m9)

704

Un x

[Fresh werenr

[E] Dev win

RELATIVE CHANGE IN DRY AND FRESH WEIGHT PER CULTURE

ROSY

: Mua

[Frese wien

ED ver weie

CONCENTRATION OF SO IN p.p.

FIG.2

Fig. 2 - Effect of different concentrations of sulphur dioxide on the production of fresh and

dry weight of Asterella angusta. a) Exposed daily for 1 hour (40 hours total exposure),

b) Exposed daily for 3 hours (120 hours total exposure).

coiled regenerants with black spots were produced. The percentage response

(20%), number (4), length (3.73mm), fresh weight (15.61mg) and dry weight

(5.89mg) were minimum at 10.0ppm (Table 4, Fig. 2B).

DISCUSSION

Bryophytes are reliable indicators and monitors of air pollution, provided the

metabolic responses to various levels and kinds of pollutants under different eco-

logical conditions were clearly deciphered and properly understood through cont-

rolled experiments (Rao & Leblanc 1966, Coker 1967, Syratt & Wanstall 1969,

Source : MNHN Paris

EFFECTS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE ON GROWTH OF LIVERWORTS 295

80; Percentage! Number! Length! Time Taken

Concen- — fer "Culture branches ‘branches «tanta

DE per per initiation

culture culture (days)

(mm)

Control 100 26 17.43 12

0.2 90 18 13.52 19

0.5 70 14 12.62 19

1.0 50 10 10.82 26

3.0 40 D 7.23 26

5.0 30 5 4.92 30

10.0 20 4 3.73 34

12.0 = - = -

15.0 - - - -

1 Mean of three replicates.

- Indicates lack of vegetative growth.

Table 4 - Effect of sulphur dioxide (SO) on vegetative growth of Asterella angusta exposed

daily for 3 hours (120 hours total exposure) to different concentrations of SO).

Taoda 1973b). Taoda (1973b) found that most bryophytes were injured at

O.8ppm SO, in 10-40 hours, or at 0.4ppm in 20-80 hours of total exposure. The

present experimental results on growth of Riccia discolor and Asterella angusta

demonstrate that those species were greatly affected by SO. At 1.0, 3.0 and

5.0ppm, new regenerants of both liverworts were injured in 40-120 hours of total

exposure. The new regenerants were very narrow, short, filamentous, thin and

yellow green, light brown or pinkish green in colouration, At 0.2 and 0.Sppm,

acute injury such as discoloration, did not occur on new regencrants even after

120 hours of total exposure, but chronic injury such as growth retardation was

noted in both liverworts. The growth parameters such as percentage response,

length, number (Table 1-4), fresh weight and dry weight (Fig. 1 & 2) was signi-

ficantly higher at 0.2 and 0.Sppm than at 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0ppm. Syatt & Wanstall

(1969) studied the effect of Sppm SO, on chlorophyll breakdown of bryophytes

such as Dicranoweisia cirrata, Metzgeria furcata, Hypnum cupressiforme. They

found that damage to chlorophyll showed dependence on the humidity at which

SO, is supplied; the higher the humidity the greater the damage. In the present

experiments, petridishes containing thalli were exposed daily to SO, when relative

humidity was 80-90%. It is possible that the growth parameters are affected by

relative humidity. The morphology of new thalli of both liverworts was dras-

tically altered at high concentrations, at 40 and 120 hours of total exposure. At

higher concentrations (10.0, 12.0 and 15.0ppm) and 40 hours of total exposure,

the new regenerants of both liverworts showed acute injury, discoloration, brown

to black spots on dorsal surface. The growth parameters decreased in compar-

ison to the lower concentrations (Table 1-4, Fig. 1 & 2). At 120 hours of total

Source : MNHN, Paris

296 K.C. PATIDAR

exposure, Riccia discolor survived at 10.0 and 12.0 ppm but no regenerants were

produced at 15.0ppm. At 10.0 and 12.0ppm regenerants were very short, nar-

Pow, thin, coiled and developed abundant black spots on dorsal surface. The ino-

culum at 15.0ppm was completely covered by a dark layer. Asterella angusta

survived only at 10.0ppm and produced 4-5 thin, narrow coils with blackish re-

generants. No regenerants developed at 12.0 and 15.0ppm, even after 40 days.

The inoculum was covered by a blackish layer. The present experimental results

indicate that the vegetative growth of Riccia discolor and Asterella angusta were

affected by almost all SO; concentrations. Comeau & Leblanc (1971) examined

the regenerative power of Funaria hygrometrica leaves exposed to 0.5, 1.0, 5.0

and 10.0ppm of SO, concentrations for 4, 6 and 8 hours duration, and com-

pared the regenerative capacity of fumigated and unfumigated leaves. They

found that the regeneration percentage was more or less inversely proportional to

the pollution dose. Present finding on Riccia discolor and Asterella angusta are

in agreement. The growth parameters such as percentage response, number,

length, fresh and dry weight production were always maximum in control (unfu-

migated) in both liverworts (Table 1-4 and Fig. 1, 2). In fumigated, the growth

parameters decreased with increase in SO, concentrations from 0.2 ppm to on-

Kards, and were inversely proportional to pollution dose, that is the concen-

tration of SO, x duration of exposure.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. - Financial assistance from the University Grants Commis-

sion is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are due to the Principal, Prof. R.M. Patel, P.M.B.

Gujarati Science College, Indore for providing necessary facilities and encouragement,

REFERENCES

COKER P.D., 1967 - The effects of sulphur dioxide on bark epiphytes, Trans. Brit. Bryol.

Soc. 5: 341-347.

COMEAU C. & LEBLANC F., 1971 - Influence de l'ozone et de l'anhydride sulfureux sur

la régénération des feuilles de Funaria hygromerrica Hedw. Naturaliste Canad. 98: 347-

358.

PEARSON L.C. & SKYE E, 1965 - Air pollution affects pattern of photosynthesis in

Parmelia sulata, a corticolous lichen. Science 148: 1600-1602.

RAO DN. & LEBLANC F., 1966 - Effects of sulphur dioxide on the lichen algae, with

special reference to chlorophyll. Bryologist 69: 69-75.

SYRATT WJ. & WANSTALL P.J., 1969 - The effect of sulphur dioxide on epiphytic

bryophytes. In: Air Pollution. Proceedings of the First European Congress on the In-

fluence of Air Pollution on Plant and Animals. Wageningen, 1968, Pp. 79-85.

TAODA H., 19734 - Bryometer, an instrument for measuring the phytotoxic air pollution.

Hikobia 6: 224-228.

TAODA H., 1973b - Effect of air pollution on bryophytes. I. SO, tolerance of bryophytes.

Hikobia 6: 238-250.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol., Lichénol. 1989, 10 (4): 297-300 297

OREOWEISIA EROSA (C. MUELL.) KINDB.,

AN AFRICAN-NEOTROPICAL DISJUNCT

D. GRIFFIN, III

Department of Botany & The Florida Museum of Natural History,

University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. 32611

ABSTRACT - A reevaluation of Oreoweisia erosa (C. Muell) Kindb. and O. lechleri (C.

Muell.) Par. confirms that they are geographical synonyms, The range includes Mexico,

Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and southern Africa. Oreoweisia erosa is the older

name.

In a recent review of the neotropical species of Oreoweisia (Griffin 1986), a

question arose concerning the possible conspecificity of O. lechleri (C. Muell.)

Par. and the African species O. erosa (C. Muell) Kindb. While several col-

lections of O. lechleri were available for study, only two African collections of O.

erosa could be examined at the time, and a decision on any putative synonymy

was deferred.

Now, through a generous loan of African collections by the Missouri Botan-

ical Garden and of the type for O. erosa by the British Museum, I am in a posi-

tion to assert that O. lechleri and O. erosa are geographical synonyms for the

same species. The New World range, as presently known, includes Mexico, Ve-

nezuela, Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. In Africa it is recorded from Zaire, Leso-

tho and South Africa. New World populations vary more in height of leafy

plants compared with African populations, but overlap in this and several other

characters (e.g., leaf length, shape, size and degree of bulging of laminal cells,

seta length, capsule shape and size, spore size and ornamentation) is sufficiently

great throughout the distribution that no clear distinction can be made between

neotropical and African plants. This conclusion is at odds with that of Mueller

(1862) who found African plants of O. erosa to be more robust with narrower

leaves that were never serrate and had a minute, incrassate areolation in com-

parison with plants of O. lechleri.

A full description for this species, together with a listing of all synonyms, fol-

lows:

Source : MNHN, Paris

298

Oreoweisia erosa (C. Muell.) Kindb., Enum. Bryin. Exot. 69. 1888.

Weissia erosa Hampe ex C. Muel., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 16: 163. 1858.

Weissia lechleri C. Muell., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 20: 350. 1862, syn. nov.

Weissia lechleri var. minor C. Muell., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 20: 350. 1862, syn.

nov.

Weissia bogotensis Hampe, Linnaea 32: 131. 1863, syn. nov.

Oreoweisia ampliata Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 12: 53. 1869, syn. nov.

Oreoweisia bogotensis (Hampe) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 12: 53. 1865, syn. nov.

Oreoweisia ligularis Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 12: 53. 1869, syn. nov.

Weissia auridens C. Muell., Linnaea 43: 436. 1882, syn. nov.

Oreoweisia lechleri (C. Muell.) Kindb., Enum. Bryin. Exot. 69. 1888, syn. nov.

Oreoweisia lechleri C. Muell. var. minor (C. Muell) Par. Index Bryol. 868.

1894, syn. nov.

Plants in loose to + dense tufts, dark-green to yellow-brown, 0.2-3cm high,

stems erect, simple or fastigiate, radiculose below; roundish in cross-section with

a central strand, inner cortical cells large, lax, hyaline, outer 1-3 cortical rows of

incrassate, reddish cells; axillary hairs of 6-8 elongate cells, hyaline throughout.

Leaves contorted-incurved when dry, spreading when wet, narrowly ovate-ligu-

late, carinate, apex obtuse to acute, 1.3-3.5mm long; margins plane above, entire

to erose-dentate or serrulate, recurved below, entire; costa strong, subpercurrent

to, less frequently, percurrent, 75-110um wide at base, elliptic in cross-section,

with 4(-6) guides and a dorsal stereid band, stereids numerous at extreme base,

few near apex of costa; upper laminal cells dense to pellucid, subquadrate to

rounded-quadrate or rounded-triangular, frequently oblate, often in distinct rows,

conic-mammillose to low conic-bulging on both sides, firm-walled, 6-15um in

greatest diameter, inner basal cells lax, hyaline, rectangular to long-rectangular,

smooth, alar region not differentiated, basal marginal cells short-rectangular to

rectangular. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves not differentiated, Setae erect, twist-

ed, 4-8mm long; capsules erect, symmetric, ovoid to ovoid-short cylindric,

smooth, 1-1.8mm long, median exothecial cells oblong-rectangular, firm-walled

to incrassate, 15-20um wide, 25-60um long, projecting at ends; peristome single,

inserted below the mouth, teeth fragile, 175-275um long, lanceolate-subulate,

smooth, orangish below, hyaline to light yellow above, entire, perforated or cleft

to middle or below, forks + equal to quite unequal; opercula conic-rostrate, beak

oblique. Calyptrae cucullate, smooth, glabrous. Spores roundish, finely papil-

lose, 17-27um in diameter.

Collections of Oreoweisia erosa have a relatively uniform morphology over

the entire known range. Such variation as does occur seems not to have a geo-

graphical component, an observation that could suggest that the African-neo-

tropical disjunction is of relatively recent occurrence. The species would appear

to be restricted to shrub-cloud forest ecotones, shrub paramos and montane

grasslands. Plants grow on rocks or, occasionally, on soil. Leaf apices may v:

often within the same collection or on the same plant, from obtuse to acute with

upper margins varying from entire to erose-dentate or serrulate. Upper laminal

cells may appear dense and high conic-mammillose or pellucid and low conic-

bulging. Considerable variation is seen in the degree of perforation and clefting

of the peristome teeth. This is a feature that typifies several species of the genus.

Brotherus (1924) described the peristome of Oreoweisia as ungeteilt, but this is

misleading since, as Casares-Gil (1932) noted and illustrated in relation to the

Source - MNHN, Paris

OREOWEISIA EROSA 299

peristome of O. bruntonii (Sm.) Mild., both entire and forked teeth occur. The

same is true of O. erosa.

The present known range of O. erosa is almost certainly incomplete, prevent-

ing a detailed analysis of the factors that might explain the disjunct character.

Buck and Griffin (1984) reviewed a number of bryophyte taxa with African-

South American disjunctions and managed to arrange the species into 3

ecological,habitat categories, viz., lowland-lower montane, montane to

paramo/elfin forest and austral-temperate and/or antipodal taxa. Oreoweisia

erosa fits comfortably into the montane to paramo/elfin forest category across

most of its New World distribution and at the northern end of the African range

in Zaire. But in Mexico, and in the southern part of the African distribution, the

species occupies upper elevational grasslands. This shifl in ecology from quasi-

forested habitats to grassland is interesting, inviting speculation about the evolu-

tionary history of the species. Since most contemporary species of the genus ap-

pear to grow in or near cloud forest/montane shrub ecotones, it is reasonable to

project a humid arborescent vegetation as reflective of the ancestral niche. Ac-

cepting this presumed historical ecology, invasion of montane grasslands would

tend to be viewed as a derived migration, O. erosa being one of the few extant

species able to survive in a more exposed habitat. However, nothing is known of

the age of this taxon, and so it is equally plausible that the present-day grass-

lands where O. erosa is found were forested in the geological past, in which case

the occurrence of this species in such environments might better be judged as rel-

ictual. If it were possible to assess whether the range of O. erosa is expanding or

contracting, especially in the grasslands, it might provide a clue as to which of

the evolutionary histories is the more probable. An expanding grasslands range

would suggest a more recent invasion by a weedy species whereas a stable or

contracting grasslands range might suggest a relictual species surviving in an in-

creasingly hostile habitat.

Specimens examined. - ZAIRE. Kivu, piste du Kahuzi, 2720m, J.-L. De Slo-

over 12712 (MO, FLAS), Pare National du Kahuzi-Brega, 2760m, J.-L. de Slo-

over (MO, FLAS). LESOTHO, Sehlabathebe National Park, R.E. Magill 4307

(MO), Sani Pass, R.E. Magill 4486 (MO). SOUTH AFRICA. Cape Prov., Eck-

lon s.n. (type- BAU), Table Mt, E. Esterhuysen 15365 (MO), 15432 (MO).

Orange Free State, 31km N.E. of Verkykerskop, S.M. Perold 1272 (MO).

MEXICO. Estado México, Volcán Ixtaccihuatl, J. Rzedowski 21783 (FLAS).

VENEZUELA. Tachira, paramo La Negra, 2600m, Griffin, Lopez F. & L.

Ruiz-Terán 21 (MERF, FLAS), páramo El Batallón, 3350m, Griffin, López F.

& L. Ruiz-Terán 545 (MERF, FLAS). Trujillo, páramo El Jabón, 3000m, Grif-

fin & Lopez F. PV-1352 (MERF, FLAS). COLOMBIA, Caldas, Nevado del

Ruiz, 4300m, Cleef & H. 1 Hart 2533 (U, FLAS). PERU. Ancash, Huascarán

National Park, 3850m, Smith C617 (MO). BOLIVIA. Am Tunarisee, ca. 4400m,

Th. Herzog 4892 (L).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. - Loans of specimens are gratefully acknowledged from

the curators of the following herbaria: BM, L, MO & U. I am appreciative also of the help

given by Dr. William R. Buck of the New York Botanical Garden in securing copies of

certain critical literature.

Source : MNHN, Paris

300 D. GRIFFIN, HI

LITERATURE CITED

BROTHERUS V.F., 1924 - Musch, In: A. ENGLER & K. PRANTL, Die Natürlichen

Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 10: 1-478. Leipzig.

BUCK W.R & GRIFFIN D. III, 1984 - Trachyphyllum, a moss genus new to South

‘America with notes on African-South American bryogeography. J. Nat. Hist. 18: 63-

69.

CASARES-GIL A., 1932 - Musgos. In: Flora Ibérica, Briófitas. Madrid: Museo Nacional

de Ciencias Naturales.

GRIFFIN D. III, 1986 - Oreoweisia (Dicranaceae, Musci) in tropical America: an anno-

tated key to species. Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 7 (4): 433-438.

MUELLER C., 1862 - Additamenta ad Synopsin Muscorum nova. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin)

20 (42): 348-350.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1989, 10 (4): 301-308 301

OBSERVATIONS SUR LA STRUCTURE DE LA PAROI

ET DE L'APERTURE DE LA TÉTRASPORE

DE SPHAGNUM FIMBRIATUM WILSON

P. BOUDIER

Muséum de Chartres, 12 rue St-Michel, 28000 Chartres.

RÉSUMÉ - L'existence d’une couche séparatrice située entre l'exine “a” lamellaire et l'intine

est mise en évidence chez Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson. La couche séparatrice en

s'épaississant fortement au niveau de l'aperture, donne naissance aux bourrelets aperturaux.

Cette couche surépaissie est traversée par une remontée de l'intine qui rejoint la base de

lexine “a”, juste sous le sillon apertura Ces nouveaux éléments d'observations chez S.

fimbriatum s'intègrent parfaitement aux résultats cytologiques obtenus chez Sphagnum

lescurii Sull. par Brown & al.

ABSTRACT - A separative layer is shown to exist between the lamellate eine “a” and the

intine in Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson. This separative layer is getting thicker at the aper-

ture level and is often the origin of the apertural thickenings. In this thicker part, it is inter-

rupted by the intine that meet again exine “a” under the apertural ridge. These new data for

Sphagnum fimbriatum are in accordance with the cytochemical results published by Brown

& al. for Sphagnum lescurii Sull-

INTRODUCTION

Les sphaignes possédent des spores hétéropolaires dont la face proximale

tétraédrique porte une aperture de type trilésuré bien mise en évidence chez de

nombreuses espèces par les observations en microscopie à balayage (Cao & Vitt

1986).

Brown & al. (1982 a et b) ont pu établir, à partir de recherches effectuées en

microscopie à transmission sur Sphagnum lescurii Sull., que la paroi sporale des

sphaignes apparait constituée de 5 couches qui sont respectivement: l'intine (la

couche la plus interne), l'exine “a” d'aspect lamellaire, l'exine ^b" homogène, la

couche translucide et, à la périphérie, la périne. Au niveau de l'aperture, ces au-

teurs ont montré que l'organisation structurale des différentes couches subissait

Travaux réalisés au Laboratoire de Cryptogamie Ultrastructurale de l'E.P.H.E. (Muséum

d'Histoire Naturelle), dans le cadre d'une thèse E.P.H.E. soutenue le 26 mai 1987.

Source : MNHN, Paris

302 P. BOUDIER

de profondes modifications, avec, notamment, la formation de dépressions

caractérisant les sillons aperturaux. Ces dépressions sont dues à l'absence de la

périne, de la couche translucide et à la quasi disparition de Vexine "b" avec, de

part et d'autre du sillon, l'existence de bourrelets issus de l'épaississement de

l'intine.

Nous apportons ici les résultats de nos propres investigations réalisées au

M.E.T. sur le sporogone de Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson, que nous comparons

aux résultats de Brown & al. (1982 a et b).

MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE

Les modalités de récolte et de traitement de Sphagnum fimbriatum ont été

développées dans un article précédent (Boudier 1988).

RÉSULTATS

Au cours du stade tétrade, chacune des 4 spores issues de la double division

de la cellule mère élabore sa propre paroi. Pour cela, le plasmalemme met en

place une couche trilamellaire (Brown & al. 1982a) qui, par divisions successives,

aboutit à la formation d'une couche multilamellaire (fig. 1 et 2): c'est l'exine "a^

lamellaire (Ea) qui constitue la trame primordiale de la formation de la paroi

sporale. De part et d'autre de cette couche se développent simultanément (fig. 3

et 4):

- du cóté interne et de facon centrifuge, une couche élaborée par le plasma-

lemme d'aspect fibrillé et assez transparente; c'est lintine;

- du côté externe, et de façon centripéte, une couche fibrillée épaisse, dense

électrons, apparaissant à un certain stade de sa constitution plus ou moins

hétérogéne; c'est l'exine "b".

De plus, il est possible de mettre en évidence, entre l'exine "a^ et l'intine, une

couche peu épaisse, trés dense aux électrons, que nous nommons la couche

séparatrice (fig. 3, 4 et 5). Son origine n'a pas été établie avec certitude; on note

en particulier des phénomènes de pénétrations manifestes de lamelles de Vexine

"a" dans la couche séparatrice (flèches de la figure 5) ce qui permet d'envisager

une étroite relation d'origine avec l'exine “a”.

Au cours de la phase finale du stade tétrade (fig. 6 et 7), l'exine “a” forme une

couche lamellaire continue et d'épaisseur constante tout autour de la spore.

L'exine "b" présente au pôle distal de fortes variations d'épaisseur tandis qu'au

pôle proximal, de part et d'autre du sillon apertural, elle reste d'épaisseur cons-

tante.

Par contre au niveau de l'aperture, ces différentes couches s'organisent selon

une stratification toute particulière. En effet, seule l'exine ^a" lamellaire ne subit

aucune modification dans sa structure et son épaisseur: elle suit exactement les

ondulations pariétales créées par les bourrelets aperturaux. L'exine “b”, au con-

traire, disparait presque complètement au niveau du sillon apertural pour n'y fi-

gurer qu'à l'état d'une mince couche. La couche séparatrice s'épaissit fortement

Source - MNHN, Paris

SPHAGNUM FIMBRIATUM 303

et se trouve être à l'origine de la formation des bourrelets aperturaux. L'intine,

sous le sillon apertural, se prolonge a travers la couche séparatrice très épaissie

pour venir au contact de la base de l'exine “a”. Cet agencement structural des

différentes couches est bien mis en évidence dans les coupes équatoriales

pratiquées dans l'aperture (fig. 6 et 7). Ces documents montrent que les bourre-

lets aperturaux résultent d'un développement important et localisé de la couche

séparatrice dont le fort contraste aux électrons par rapport à la transparence de

l'exine “a” rend l'individualisation particulièrement nette au M.E.T.

A un stade plus avancé de l’évolution de la spore (stade jeune spore libre), cet

agencement des diflérentes couches au niveau de l'aperture est toujours visible

(fig. 8), avec, en plus, acquisition de la couche translucide (Ct) et de la périne

(Per.). Comme chez S. lescurii, ces deux couches sont absentes au niveau du sil-

lon apertural. Chez S. fimbriatum la couche translucide se révèle moins épaisse.

DISCUSSION

Chez S. fimbriatum, nous avons retrouvé au sein de la paroi sporale en for-

mation l'ensemble des différentes couches décrites par Brown & al. (1982 a et b)

chez S. lescurii et, chez ces deux sphaignes, la genèse des couches pariétales sem-

ble suivre le méme processus.

Cependant, nous avons pu préciser l'existence, chez S. fimbriatum, d'une

couche séparatrice peu épaisse, trés opaque aux électrons et située entre l'exine

“a” lamellaire et l'intine. Cette formation présente un développement trés impor-

tant au niveau de l'aperture. Elle est à l'origine des bourrelets aperturaux for-

mant les trois crêtes qui donnent son aspect triradié caractéristique à la face

proximale de la spore des sphaignes.

A partir de leurs observations sur S. lescuríi, Brown & al. (1982b) ont défini

une “intine” correspondant à la formation située sous l'exine "a" lamellaire.

D'aprés leur analyse cytochimique, ils ont pu montrer l'hétérogénéité de cette

couche dans laquelle 2 zones peuvent être distinguées:

- d'une part, une couche supérieure, en contact avec l'exine “a” lamellaire, qui

se caractérise par de nombreux globules résistant à l'acétolyse. C'est cette forma-

tion qui se présente sur nos documents très dense aux électrons et que nous

définissons comme étant la couche séparatrice (Cs).

- d'autre part, une couche inférieure sans globules acétorésistants et relative-

ment transparente aux électrons. Elle correspond à l'intine telle que nous la

définissons.

Au niveau de l'aperture, ces auteurs ont noté le fort épaississement de cette

méme formation riche en globules acétorésistants qui se localise au-dessous des

crêtes de l'aperture trilésurée, là où nous avons observé un important

épaississement de la couche séparatrice. De plus, ils ont remarqué l'absence de

tels globules juste sous le sillon apertural où nous avons mis en évidence la

remontée de l'intine à travers les bourrelets aperturaux.

Nos résultats concordent largement avec l'ensemble des analyses cytochi

miques réalisées par Brown & al. (1982 b). Toutefois, nous sommes amenés à

Source : MNHN, Paris

304 P. BOUDIER

définir au sein de l'intine telle que l'ont décrite ces auteurs, d'une part, une

couche séparatrice occupant la partie en contact avec Vexine “a” lamellaire et,

d'autre part, dans la partie sous-jacente, l'intine proprement dite.

L'origine de la couche séparatrice n'a pu être précisée. En effet, il est difficile

d'affirmer que cette couche trouve l'intégralité de son origine dans le seul

développement du plasmalemme, nos documents ne permettant pas de trancher

définitivement sur ce point. Toutefois, la présence de lamelles de Vexine “a”

pénétrant la couche séparatrice indique l'étroite relation existant entre ces deux

formations. On peut envisager que la couche séparatrice trouve son origine dans

une différenciation interfaciale secondaire au contact des éléments structuraux de

Vintine et de la partie inférieure de l'exine ^a". Il semble préférable de conserver

à cette formation son individualité.

CONCLUSION

D'aprés les travaux de Brown & al. (1982 a et b) et à la suite de nos propres

observations, il devient donc possible de reconnaitre dans la paroi sporale de S.

fimbriatum (et certainement dans l'ensemble du genre Sphagnum), l'existence de

6 couches, à savoir successivement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur:

- Vintine

- la couche séparatrice

- l'exine “a” lamellaire

- Vexine “b”

- la couche translucide

- la périne

L'agencement structural trés spécifique de ces différentes couches au niveau

de l'aperture, et en particulier la présence d'une remontée de l'intine sous le sil-

lon apertural, crée une zone privilégiée propice aux actions enzymatiques de dis-

solution dans le cadre du processus de rupture de la paroi sporale lors de la ger-

mination.

Ces nouvelles observations nous ont convaincus de la nécessité d'orienter nos

recherches futures sur la cytologie des parois à cette phase importante du

développement que constitue le processus de germination de la spore avant les

premiers cloisonnements.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

BOUDIER P., 1988 - Différenciation structurale de l'épiderme du sporogone chez

Sphagnum Jimbriatum Wilson. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Bot.) 13ème sér., "1986-1987" 1988, 8:

143-156.

BROWN R.C., LEMMON B.E. and CAROTHERS Z.B., 1982 a - Spore wall development

in Sphagnum lescurii. Canad. J. Bot. 60: 2394-2409.

BROWN R.C., LEMMON B.E. and CAROTHERS Z.B., 1982 b - Spore wall ultrastruc-

ture of Sphagnum lescurii Sull. Rev. Paleobor. Palynol. 38: 99-107.

Source : MNHN, Paris

SPHAGNUM FIMBRIATUM 305

CAO T. and VITT D.H., 1986 - Spore surface structure of Sphagnum. Nova Hedwigia 43

(1-2): 191-220, 112 Fig., 2 tabl.

LÉGENDES DES PLANCHES

Abréviations:

bA: bourrelet apertural - Cs: couche séparatrice - Ct: couche translucide - Cy: cyto-

plasme - E: exine - Ea: exine “a” - Eb: exine "b" - I; intine - Li: lipide - PaTe: paroi de la

tétrade - Per: périne - Plm: plasmalemme - sA: sillon apertural - Tsp: tétraspore.

Fig. 1 à 4: Initiation de la paroi sporale au début du stade tétrade. - 1: Développement

de l'exine “a” (Ea) multilamellaire à partir du plasmalemme (Pim). 2: Détail de l'exine “a”

(Ea) montrant sa structure multilamellaire. 3: Invagination du plasmalemme (Plm) avec

début de formation de l'intine (I) et de l'exine "b" (Eb) de part et d'autre de l'exine “a” (Ea).

Debut de différenciation de la couche séparatrice (Cs) à la base de l'exine "a". 4: Croissance

de la paroi: développement de Vintine (1), de la couche séparatrice (Cs) et de l'exine "b" (Eb)

qui présente des discontinuités. (M.E.T. Double fixation glutaraldéhyde et tétroxyde

d'osmium. Double contraste acétate d'uranyle et citrate de plomb).

Fig. 5: Stade tétrade plus ágé. Coupe au niveau d'une ondulation de la paroi. L’exine

^b" (Eb) est plus homogène et a subi une forte croissance alors que l'exine “a” (Ea) con-

serve son aspect lamellaire et que son épaisseur reste stable. Entre l'exine “a” (Ea) et l'intine

(1) qui poursuit son développement, la couche séparatrice (Cs) se révèle être très dense aux

électrons. On remarque des pénétrations de lamelles de l'exine “a” dans la couche

séparatrice (flèches). (M.E.T. Double fixation glutaraldéhyde et tétroxyde d'osmium, Dou-

ble contraste acétate d'uranyle et citrate de plomb).

Fig. 6: Stade tétrade final. Coupe d'une tétraspore passant par les pôles proximaux et

distaux, A noter l'épaisseur constante de l'exine "b" (Eb) de part et d'autre du sillon aper-

tural, par contre sa grande variation en épaisseur au pôle distal. Les lipides de réserve com-

mencent à être stockés. (M.E.T. Double fixation glutaraldéhyde el tétroxyde d'osmium.

Double contraste acétate d'uranyle et citrate de plomb)

Fig. 7: Stade tétrade final. Trois des quatre tétraspores bien formées, encore limitées par

la paroi de la tétrade (PaTe), avec leur aperture se faisant typiquement face. On distingue

l'épaississement de la couche séparatrice formant les bourrelets aperturaux (bA) et sous-ja-

cente, d'aspect moins contrasté, l'intine (I) qui remonte sous le sillon apertural (sA).

(M.ET. Double fixation glutaraldéhyde et tétroxyde d'osmium. Double contraste acétate

d'uranyle et citrate de plomb).

Fig. 8: Stade jeune spore libre. L'aperture est toujours trés nettement structurée. Se su-

perposant à l'exine “b” (Eb), on note l'existence d'une couche mince d'aspect clair, la couche

translucide (Ct), et au-dessus, un dépôt discontinu, dense aux électrons, formant les pre-

miers éléments non structurés de la périne (Per). (M.E.T. Double fixation glutaraldéhyde et

tétroxyde d'osmium. Double contraste acétate d'uranyle et citrate de plomb).

Source : MNHN, Paris

306 P. BOUDIER

Source : MNHN. Paris

SPHAGNUM FIMBRIATUM 307

Source : MNHN, Paris

308 P. BOUDIER

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. 1989, 10 (4): 309-312 309

LES LICHENS ÉPIPHYTES DU PIN NOIR A LARRA

(NAVARRE, ESPAGNE)

J. ETAYO

Dep. Botánica, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra,

31080 - Pamplona (España).

RÉSUMÉ - Étude d'une pinéde pyrénéenne à Pinus uncinata Miller ex Mirbel., située entre

1400 et 2000m, très riche en lichens. Les espèces intéressantes pour la flore ibérique sont

signalées dans le résumé anglais.

ABSTRACT - A pyrenean pinewood of Pinus uncinata Miller ex Mirbel., situated between

1400 and 2000m, very rich in lichens, has been studied. Among the interesting species for

the Iberian flora, we noted: Calcium denigratum (Vain.) Tibell, Cladonia sulphurina

(Michx.) Er., Hypocenomyce sorophora (Vain.) P. James & Poelt, Lecanora sarcopidioides

(Massal) A. L. Sm., Lecidea pullata (Norm.) Th. Fr, Lecidea subfuscescens Vain.,

Mycoblastus affinis (Schaerer) Schauer, etc.

La pinède de pin noir (Pinus uncinata Miller ex Mirbel) étudiée occupe une

aire réduite à l'extrême nord-est de la province de Navarre, en limite avec la pro-

vince de Huesca et avec la France (quadrillage U.T.M. 30T XN75). La partie

échantillonnée comprend les environs de Leja, de La Contienda et de Laizerola

et s'étend jusqu'aux environs de la Pierre-de-St.-Martin, située à la frontière

même.

La morphologie des karsts de Larra est rés particulière car elle est parsemée

de crêtes calcaires et de dépression ou de thalwegs. Sur les premières, enraciné

dans des crevasses et diaclases à sol squelettique, pousse le pin noir, tandis que

dans les zones plus favorisées à sol profond, on peut trouver des petites étendues

de hêtraie-sapinière.

Les précipitations annuelles sont très élevées et varient entre 1800 et 2000mm,

sous forme de pluies et principalement de neige. La neige conditionne fortement

la végétation car elle reste pendant plusieurs mois (de novembre à juin)

spécialement dans les zones défavorisées et ombragées (glaciers). En outre les

gelées se produisent durant la même période. Les orages sont fréquents. La fou-

dre et les vents forts abattent les troncs de pin noir les plus exposés. Les brouil-

lards ont aussi une grande importance sur la flore lichénique car ils imprègnent

quotidiennement cette forêt peu dense.

Source : MNHN. Paris

310 J. ETAYO

La température moyenne annuelle est trés basse, proche de 0°C; de plus, le

relief karstique, varié, modifie le climat général en créant des différences de

température atteignant 10°C entre zones ombragées et zones ensoleillées.

La station de lichens épiphytes sur Pinus uncinata étudiée se situe entre 1400

et 1800m. À une altitude plus basse, le pin noir cohabite avec la hêtraie-sapinière

qui présente un flore de lichens beaucoup plus riche, que nous nous proposons

d'étudier dans des travaux postérieurs. Celte forêt commence à disparaitre dès

1700m et, de cette altitude à 2000m, seuls les pins survivent.

Llimona (1976), dans le cadre d'un plus vaste projet, a recueilli certaines des

espèces les plus fréquentes dans la zone (signalées par un astérisque dans la liste

ci-après). Elayo Salazar (1986, 1988) cite aussi quelques taxons de Larra.

Nous avons récolté soixante dix espèces pendant les étés 1986-1987, que nous

avons classées selon trois types de substrats: troncs vivants, branches et bois. Ce

dernier type de support héberge une flore intéressante dont la nature dépend

principalement de trois facteurs: tronc décortiqué, debout ou au contraire abattu,

exposition et degré plus ou moins avancé de décomposition du bois.

Dans la liste qui suit, l'abondance de chaque espèce est indiquée par les let-

tres suivantes: CC, très abondante, C, commune, R, rare et dispersée, RR, très

rare (trouvée une seule fois). La nature du substrat est exprimée par:

1. Base du tronc vivant - 2. Partie moyenne du tronc. - 3. Branches. - 4.

Tronc mort, debout et décortiqué (bois dur et sec). - 5. Base de troncs morts et

fûts tombés (bois humide). - 6, Souches en état avancé de décomposition.

Un point d'exclamation (!) précédant un binôme signale la rareté de ce taxon,

nouveau pour la Péninsule ibérique; un astérisque (*) indique que l'espèce est

nouvelle pour la Navarre.

Espèces se rencontrant principalement sur tronc

Fuscidea cyathoides (Ach.) V. Wirth € Vezda - RR, 2.

1 Hypogymnia cf. austerodes (Nyl.) Ras. - R, 2. Arctique, Scandinavie et Alpes

continentales (Poelt & Vezda 1977).

H. bitteriana (Zahlbr.) Ras. - C, 2, 3.

Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) Fricke Meyer - CC, 1, 3.

Lecidea hypnorum Libert - RR, 1.

Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. - R, 1.

* Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norm. - R, 2, 4.

Ochrolechia alboflavescens (Wulf) Zahlbr. - C, 1.

O. androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold - R, 1.

Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. - C, 1, 3.

Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. - CC, 1, 3.

Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl. - R, 2.

Pseudevernia furfuracea var. ceratea (Ach.) D. Hawksw. - CC, 3.

Saccomorpha icmalea (Ach.) Clauz. & Roux - C, 1, 6.

Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James - R, 1.

Usnea plicata (L.) Web. ex Wigg. s. lat. - C, 3.

Source - MNHN, Paris

LICHENS ÉPIPHYTES DE NAVARRE 311

Espèces surtout lignicoles

Buellia griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb. - CC, 4, 5, 2, 3.

! Calicium denigratum (Vain.) Tibell - C, 4, 5. Boréal et alpin (Tibell 1976).

C. trabinellum Ach. - C, 5, 4.

Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. - RR, 5.

Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg. - RR, 5.

C. chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr. - R, 4.

C. trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr. - RR, 4.

* Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaerer - R, 6, 1.

C. macilenta Moffm.- R, 6, 1.

* C. polydactyla (Flórke) Sprengel - R, 6, 1.

C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. - C, 6, 1.

! C. sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. - C, 6, 1. Arctique et haute montagne européenne

(Wirth 1980).

Cyphelium inquinans (Sm.) Trevis. - R, 4.

* Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) Choisy - RR, 6.

Li. sorophora (Vain.) P. James & Poelt - CC, 4. Boréal et alpin (Poelt & Vez-

da 1981).

H. xanthococca (Sommerf.) P. James & G. Schneider - CC, 4.

Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. - RR, 6.

! Lecanora mughicola Nyl. - R, 4. Alpes, Pyrénées françaises et montagnes de

l'Europe (Ozenda & Clauzade 1970).

* L, piniperda Körber - CC, 4, 5.

! L. sarcopidioides (Massal.) A.L.Sm. - C, 4. Montagnes de l'Europe, Alpes,

Pyrénées et le sud du Massif Central (Ozenda & Clauzade 1970).

Y” Lecidea subfuscescens Vain. - C, 4, 2. Norvège et Suede (Santesson 1984).

! OL. turgida Fr. - C, 4, 5. Boréal, hautes montagnes et Europe submédi-

terranéenne (Wirth 1980).

* Micarea denigrata (Er) Hedl. - R, 5.

* M. lignaria (Ach.) Hedl. - R, 6.

M. peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. - R, 6.

M. prasina Fr. - R, 5

1 Mycoblastus affinis (Schaerer) Schauer - R, 4. N Europe, Alpes, Carpates et

iles Britanniques (Poelt & Vezda 1977).

M. sterilis Coppins & P. James - R, 4.

Mycocalicium parietinum (Ach. ex Schaer.) D. Hawks. - C, 4.

Ochrolechia turneri (Sm.) Masselrot - C, 4, 1.

Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold - C, 6, 3.

* Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch. - C, 6, 1.

* Xylographa abietina (Pers.) Zahbr. - CC, 5.

! X. abietina var. rubescens (Bas) Degel. - C, 5.

* X. vitiligo (Ach.) Laundon - R, 5.

Espéces se rencontrant habituellement sur les branches

Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. - C, 3.

* Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. - C, 3.

B. fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo € D. Hawksw. - C, 3, 2.

Buellia cf. zahlbruckneri Steiner - C, 3.

Cetraria pinastri (Scop.) Gray - R, 3.

Source : MNHN, Paris

312 J. ETAYO

Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach. - C, 3.

Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. - CC, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1.

H. tubulosa (Schaerer) Havaas - CC, 3, 2.

Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. - C, 3. ,

1 L. pulicaris subsp. rhododendri (Harm.) Clauz. et Roux - C, 3, 2, 4. Etage

subalpin (Clauzade & Roux 1985).

L. symmicta (Ach.) Ach. - CC, 3, 4.

1 L. aff. spmmicta, à thalle sorédié, jaune intense - C, 3.

| Lecidea pullata (Norm.) Th. Fr. - C, 3. Boréal et haute montagne de l'Europe

(Wirth 1980)

| Melaspilea proximella (Nyl.) Nyl. - C, 3. Commun dans l'Europe (Wirth

1980).

* Micarea misella (Nyl.) Hedl. - R, 3, 5.

Platismatia glauca (L.) W. Culb. & C. Culb. - CC, 3, 2, 4.

Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. - CC, 3, 2, 4.

Espèces nitrophiles, rares, sur racines exposées

Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau - RR.

Lecidella euphorea (Florke) Hertel - RR.

REMERCIEMENTS. - Nous tenons à exprimer notre reconnaissance aux Docteurs

B.J. Coppins, P. Clerc, A. Vézda, L. Tibell et E, Barreno, pour la détermination de cer-

taines espèces difficiles, ainsi qu'à l'Exma. Diputación foral de Navarra pour l'attribution

d'une bourse universitaire.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

CLAUZADE G. & ROUX C., 1985 - Likenoj de okcidenta Europo. Ilustrita determinli-

bro. Royan: Soc. Bot. du Centre-Ouest.

ETAYO SALAZAR J., 1986 - Liquenes epifitos navarros nuevos o interesantes para la

Peninsula. Publ. Biol. Univ. Navarra, Ser. Bot. 6: 29-39.

ETAYO SALAZAR J., 1988 - Liquenes epifitos y hongos liquenicolas interesantes de Na-

varra (España). Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 9 (3): 255-262.

LLIMONA X., 1976 - Prospecciones liquenológicas en el alto Aragón occidental. Collect.

Bot. (Barcelona) 10: 281-328.

OZENDA P. & CLAUZADE G. 1970 - Les lichens. Étude biologique et flore illustrée.

Paris: Masson.

POELT J. & VEZDA A. 1977 - Bestimmungsschlüssel Europäischer Flechten,

Ergánzungsheft 1. Vaduz: Cramer.

POELT J. & VEZDA A, 1981 - Bestimmungsschlüssel Europäischer Flechten.

Erganzungsheft 2. Vaduz: Cramer.

SANTESSON R., 1984 - The lichens of Sweden and Norway. Stockholm & Uppsala:

Swedish Museum of Natural History.

TIBELL L., 1976 - Calicium denigratum (Vain.) Tibell, comb. nov. Bot. Notiser 129:

131-136.

WIRTH V., 1980 - Flechtenflora. Stuttgart: Ulmer Verlag.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1989, 10 (4): 313-317 313

OPEGRAPHA CELTIDICOLA (JATTA) JATTA

NOMBRE CORRECTO PARA OPEGRAPHA

BETULINOIDES B. DE LESD. Y OPEGRAPHA

THALLINCOLA B. DE LESD.*

P. TORRENTE & J.M. EGEA

Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica).

Facultad de Biología. Murcia (España).

RESUMEN - El estudio morfológico y anatómico realizado sobre el material tipo de

Opegrapha celtidicola (Jatta) Jatta, O. berulinoides B. de Lesd. y O. thallincola B. de Lesd.

nos indica que los tres nombres hacen referencia a una misma especie. Opegrapha cel-

tidicola es el nombre más antiguo válidamente publicado (Art. 11).

ABSTRACT - The morphological and anatomical studies of the typus-material of

Opegrapha celtidicola, O. berulinoides and O. thallincola show that all of them belong to a

single taxon. Consequently the correct name is Opegrapha celtidicola because it is the oldest

validly published name (Art. 11).

INTRODUCCION

Opegrapha celtidicola, O. betulinoides y O. thallincola son tres táxones descri-

tos de la Región Mediterránea Occidental (Italia). Los dos primeros se admiten

en distintas floras europeas: Poelt (1969), Ozenda & Clauzade (1970), Clauzade

& Roux (1985) y están caracterizados por tener el excipulo abierto en la base y

esporas triseptadas de 14-20 x 4-64m. Las diferencias principales entre las dos

especies, en base a las obras citadas, se han resumido en la tabla 1, diferencias

que completan las descripciones originales de Jatta (1880) y Bouly de Lesdain

(1923).

De O. thallincola, conforme con nuestros datos, no existe ninguna referencia

posterior a su publicación. Según el protólogo (Bouly de Lesdain 1935), se ca-

racteriza por tener ascocarpos de 0,7-0,8mm de largo, cubiertos de una densa

pruina blanquecina, no ramificados, gelatina himenial 1+ azul, esporas trisepta-

das de 15-19 x 4-6um, conidios rectos (6 xl um) y hábito parasitico (sobre el talo

* Financiado por la CAICYT, Nir 0666.84.C2.

Source : MNHN, Paris

314 P. TORRENTE y J.M. EGEA

de Schismatomma diplotommoides = S. picconianum). Presenta excipulo abierto,

aunque en la descripción original no se hace referencia a ello.

I | O. betulinoides O. celtidicola

Talo poco desarrollado y mal bien desarrollado y bien

delimitado. K- delimitado. K+ amarillo-claro |

Pseudotecios | elipticos, alargados, simples, bi- o | redondeados, elipticos, raramente

trifurcados alargados, no ramificados

Borde del pseu- delgado y entero espeso, saliente y a menudo ondu-

dotecio lado

Pruina | blanquecina, azulada o sin ella j blanca-grisácea

Himenio 70-804m. 1 + azul-verdoso 80-100um. I+ azul incoloras

= "Tt

Esporas pardas al final incoloras

ip Conidios curvados, 6-7 x 1.54m rectos, 4-6 x 0.7-Lumr

Tabla 1 - Diferencias, según la bibliografía, entre O. betulinoides y O. celtidicola.

MATERIAL ESTUDIADO

Opegrapha betulinoides B. de Lesd.

Typus: (Italia, Liguria) Varazze, ad Oleam europaeam, loco “Mola”, C. Sbar-

baro. IX-1925 (M-Topótipo).

Opegrapha celtidicola (Jatta) Jatta

Typus: Italia. Super truncum vetustum Celtidis australis prope Portici. Leg.

A. Jata (M-Lojka ex W-Isótipo?); Jatta: Lichenes Italiae Meridion. Ad Celtidem

australem L. in Portici. Leg. A. Jatta, anno 1980 (M-Topótipo).

ARGELIA: Bejaia. Cap Carbon, 100m, s/ Phillyrea sp., Quercus sp., 23-111-

1986, P. Torrente-1. de Lara (MUB 13026, 13097, 13140, 13083, 13035, 13256,

13159, 13170, 13230, 13537, 13257, 13078, 13435, 13036, 13209).

ESPAÑA: Alicante. Calpe, Peñón de lfach, BC 4580, 3m, s/ Pistacia

lentiscus, 19-V1-1987, J.M. Egea (MUB 1385); Denia, Camping Las Rotas, 4m,

s/ Ceratonia siliqua, 3-V-1986, J.M. Egea (MUB 13111, 13462); Jávea, Cabo

San Martin, BC 5994, 50m, s/ Pinus halepensis, 1-V-1986, P. Torrente-V. Atien-

za (MUB 13122, 13118); Jávea, Morró del Pino, Playa Granadella, BC 5691,

130m, s/ Ceratonia siliqua, 2-V-1986, P. Torrente-V. Atienza (MUB 13027,

13062, 13093); Formentera, La Mola, s/ Juniperus phoenicea, 12-X11-1983, m.

Mus. (MUB 13139); Bosque Castillo Bellver, s/ Olea sp, M.A. Font. (MUB

13138); Manatxi, Son Veri, s/ Quercus ilex. M.A. Font. (MUB 13112, 13094);

Port des Canonge, s/ Ceratonia siliqua, VII-1986, J.M. Egea (MUB 13210); Puig

Massanella, Sierra N, s/ Quercus ilex, M.A. Font (MUB 13169); Huelva.

Source - MNHN. Paris

OPEGRAPHA CELTIDICOLA 315

Mazagón, Camping Playa Mazagón, 20-30m, s/ Pistacia lentiscus, 14-11-1987,

J.M. Egea (MUB 13025). - Valencia. Alzira, Barranco de la Murta, Om, s/ Olea

europaea, 26-V1-1981, V. Atienza (VAB 299); La Albufera (Pucko), Om, s/ Pinus

halepensis, 8-VI-1983, V. Atienza (VAB 309).

MARRUECOS: Cluses de l'Ain Maitness prés de Boulhaut, s/ Phillyrea

media, 30-1V-1933, R.G. Werner (BC-Werner). - Kenitra, lagune de Mehdia prés

Port Lyautey sur Juniperus phoenicea, 1-X11-1935, Werner (BC-Werner). -

Région de Safi prés du Cap Cantin, sur les Oliviers, 2-VIII-1938, Faurel

(BC-Werner). - Tanger, Cabo Spartel, 30-100m, s/ Pistacia lentiscus, Olea

europaea, 14-1V-1984, J.M. Egea (MUB 13171, 13153).

PORTUGAL: Algarve. Alvor, Camping Dourada, 50m, s/ Olea europaea,

Quercus suber, Prunus amygdalus, Ficus carica, 15-11-1987, J.M. Egea (MUB

13001, 13192, 13193, 13272, 13037, 13297, 13130); Ravira, Vila Nova de Cace-

la, 30m, s/ Ceratonia siliqua, 15-11-1987, J.M. Egea (MUB 13200). - Estremadu-

ra. Monte Real Olival do Viez, sur écorce de Ofea, Mai-1943, A.O. Melquiades

(BC-Werner); Setubal, umbria de la Sierra de la Arrabida, junto a Cercal de la

Sierra, 200m, s/ Olea europaea, 18-11-1987, J.M. Egea (MUB 13156, 13223,

13172, 13222).

Opegrapha thallincola B. de Lesd.

Typus: in Liguria orientali: Alassio. Ad Ceratoniam siliquam X11-1934. C.

Sbarbaro. Parasitica supra thallum fertilem Schismatommatis diplotommoides

(Bagl.) Samp. (M-Isótipo). - Kéfaragó-Gyelnik: Lichenotheca n° 108 (M-

Isótipo). Alassio (Liguria occid.). Ad Ceratoniam, Loc. class. VIII-1949. C.

Sbarbaro (BC-Topótipo).

RESULTADOS

Después del análisis anatómico y morfológico con microscopía óptica del ma-

terial mencionado en el apartado anterior, se pueden hacer las siguientes consi-

deraciones respecto a las diferencias resumidas, segün la bibliografía, en la Tabla

1.- El talo, como en otras especies del género Opegrapha, es un carácter que

no puede ser tomado como diferencial ya que es muy variable incluso dentro de

una misma población.

2.- Los ascocarpos son, en general, redondeados o elipticos y simples como se

entendían hasta ahora para O. celtidicola; pero junto a ellos se encuentran, en

ocasiones, lirelas largas y ramificadas. Cuando el sustrato es madera decorticada

los pseudotecios son muy alargados y estrechos y llegan a medir hasta 2,5mm de

longitud.

3.- El margen de los ascocarpos, en el material tipo de O. celtidicola y O.

thallincola, es más o menos grueso y saliente. En el tipo de O. betulinoides el

margen es en efecto delgado e incluso llega a desaparecer por completo; sin em-

bargo, en las lirelas jovenes es relativamente grueso y saliente. En algunos

ejemplares se ha visto una variabilidad continua en este carácter,

Source : MNHN. Paris

316 P. TORRENTE y J.M. EGEA

4. - Tanto los pseudotecios del material tipo de O. celtidicola como los de O.

thallincola están cubiertos por una pruina gris blanquecina. En el tipo de O.

betulinoides los ascocarpos carecen de pruina o son menos pruinosos. Al estu-

diar un número elevado de poblaciones se observa que indistintamente en los

tres táxones la cantidad de pruina varia.

5.- Las medidas del himenio que hemos obtenido en los tipos son; O. be-

tulinoides: S0-75um, O. celtidicola: 50-100 (110)um, O. thallincola: 50-75um,

diferencias que no son significativas.

6.- En el material tipo de los tres táxones hemos observado esporas pardas

aunque en O. celtidicola de forma menos frecuente. Es general, en Opegrapha,

que las ascósporas sean incoloras durante gran parte de su desarrollo y sólo al

final se vuelven pardas, debido a esto no es raro encontrar ascos con todas las

esporas incoloras.

7.- Los conidios, en los ejemplares estudiados incluidos los tipos, son rectos o

ligeramente curvados, de 4-6 x 1 um. Puede ser que los de O. betulinoides se hay-

an confundido con los de Schismatomma picconianum, especie con la que con-

vive normalmente.

8.- Acerca del hábito parasitico descrito para O. thallincola, hay que anotar

que más que parásito parece invasor y que este es un carácter común y no difer-

encial. El tipo de O. betulinoides se encuentra sobre el talo de Schismatomma

decolorans. Además, Bouly de Lesdain (1935: 314) comenta que otro ejemplar

de O. thallincola recogido sobre olivo parasitaba un talo estéril que, en nuestra

opinión, podría claramente corresponder a S. decolorans como se confirma en

uno de los isótipos. En el resto de material estudiado con frecuencia se ha visto

que invade el talo de diversos liquenes que poseen como fotobionte Trentepoh-

liaceae.

CONCLUSIONES

De acuerdo con resultados de este estudio proponemos las siguientes sinoni-

mias:

Opegrapha celtidicola (Jatta) Jatta

Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 12: 231 (1880).

Basiónimo: Lecanactis lyncea var. celtidicola Jatta,

229 (1875).

Sinónimos: Opegrapha betulinoides B. de Lesd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70:

282 (1923). - Opegrapha thallincola B. de Lesd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 82 (5-6):

314 (1935).

Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 7:

Source : MNHN, Paris

OPEGRAPHA CELTIDICOLA AT

BIBLIOGRAFIA

BOULY DE LESDAIN M. 1923 - Notes lichénologiques 20. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70:

271- 283.

BOULY DE LESDAIN M., 1935 - Notes lichénologiques 28. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 82:

314-317.

CLAUZADE G. & ROUX Cl., 1985 - Likenoj de Okcidenta de Eüropo. Ilustrita determin-

libro. Royan: Société botanique du Centre-Ouest.

JATTA A., 1880 - Lichenum Italiae meridionalis manipulus tertius. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.

12: 199-242.

OZENDA P. & CLAUZADE G., 1970- Les Lichens. Étude biologique et flore illustrée.

Paris: Masson.

POELT J., 1969 - Bestimmungsschlüssel europäischer Flechten. Lehre: Cramer.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1989, 10 (4): 319-324 319

ADDITIONS TO THE BRYOFLORA

OF THE PICOS DE EUROPA, OF CANTABRIA

AND THE IBERIAN PENINSULA

E. FUERTES LASALA & E. MARTINEZ-CONDE

Dpto. de Biología Vegetal I. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas.

Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid (España).

ABSTRACT - A list of 39 bryophytes not previously recorded in the Andara Massif of the

Picos de Europa mountains in Cantabria is given. Ulota phyllantha is reported for the first

time from the Iberian Peninsula and Tortella densa, Riccardia incurvata, Porella

arboris-vitae var. killarniensis are reported for the third time. Distribution maps of selected

species are given.

RESUMEN - Se da una lista de 39 briófitos recolectados en el Macizo de Andara, nuevos

para Cantabria y Picos de Europa. Ulota phyllantha se cita por primera vez para la Penin-

sula Ibérica; Tortella densa, Riccardia incurvata y Porella arboris-vitae var. killarniensis se

citan por tercera vez. Se dan los mapas de distribución de las especies menos comunes.

INTRODUCTION

The Picos de Europa mountains are situated in the north-west of the Iberian

Peninsula, in the central region of the Cordillera Cantabrica. The eastern massif,

Andara, is bounded by the rivers Deva and Duje. The most detailed research

was carried out in the north-eastern part of this area which comprises the valleys

of the rivers Deva, Urdón, Sobra and Corvera in the administrative area of

Cantabria (Fig. 1). The site characteristics have been given in previous papers

(Fuertes & Martinez-Conde 1988, 1989).

Each reference to a particular species is accompanied by a number which

indicates the site where the species was collected (Fig. 1).

Collections sites:

1. Balneary of La Hermida (100m)

2. The Deva basin between La Hermida and Urdón (80m)

3. The area surrounding the electricity generating station at Urdón (75m).

Source : MNHN, Paris

320 E. FUERTES LASALA and E. MARTINEZ-CONDE

Fig. 1 - Geographic situation of the Picos de Europa in the Iberian Peninsula and locations

of the collection sites in Macizo de Andara (Cantabria, Spain).

Left bank of the river Urdón (190m)

Right bank of the river Urdón (250m)

Collado de la Hoja (790m)

Salto de la Cabra (710m)

Mixed forest (oak, ash, lime) of Sierra de Beges (450-680m)

Cuetodave (830m, Sierra de Beges)

. Valdediezma (Sierra de la Corta, 1300m)

` El Dobrillo (Sierra de la Corta, 1400m)

` Monte de la Llama (Sierra de la Corta, 1450-1800m)

"Minas de Mazarrasa, below the summit of Mancondiu (1999m)

` Mountain stream “Vau de los Lobos” (1300m)

: Mountain stream "Vau de las Vacas” (1200m)

. Quintana (520m)

: Horcá de Entrelegua (1300m)

Varga de los Mollares (450-510m)

. The Corvera basin (140-190m)

. The area surrounding Beges (526-600m)

LIST OF SPECIES

Nomenclature follows Grolle (1983) for hepatics and Dúll (1984-1985) for

mosses. All specimens are deposited in MACB Herbarium.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRYOFLORA OF CANTABRIA 321

(1) Species new to Cantabria

(2) Species new to Cantabria and Picos de Europa

(3) Species new to the Iberian Peninsula

HEPATICAE

(1) Calypogeia azurea Stotler et Crotz - Abundant on sloping soil. 8, 9, 10, 12.

(2) Gongylanthus ericetorum (Raddi) Nees - On damp, acid soils. 7, 8.

(2) Jungermannia pumila With. - On soil and acid rocks. 7, 18.

(2) Mannia fragrans (Balbis) Frye et Clark - On limestone, on exposed surfaces

and in crevices. 3, 5.

(2) Porella arboris-vitae (With.) Grolle var. killarniensis (Pears.) Corley. - On

limestone. 1, 18, 19.

(2) Riccardia incurvata Lindb. - On wet limestone. 14.

(1) Scapania gracilis Lindb. - On acid soils in mixed forest (Polysticho-

Fraxinetum excelsioris (Tüxen & Oberdorfer (1958) Rivas-Martinez 1979). 8,

12.

(2) Targionia hypophylla L. - On the river bank and crevices of the Urdón basin.

20.

MUSCI

(2) Bryum elegans Nees in Brid. - On sloping soil and forest soil. 12, 13.

(1) B. torquescens B. & S. - On soil and rocks crevices in forest. 5, 9.

(2) Campylium polygamum (B., S. & G.) Lange & C. Jens. - On damp soil. 14.

(2) Ceratodon conicus (Hampe ex C. Müll.) Lindb. - On stony soil. 11.

(1) Cinclidotus mucronatus (Brid.) Mach. - On temporarily submerged rocks. 1,

(2) C. riparius (Brid.) Arnott - On temporarily submerged rocks. 1, 2.

(2) Dichodontium flavescens (With.) Lindb. - On shaded rocks in beech wood.

(2) Didymodon ferrugineus (Schimp. ex Besch.) M. Hill - On submerged rocks in

the river Urdón. 5.

(1) D. insulanus (De Not.) M. Hill - On submerged rocks in the river Urdón.5.

(2) D. spadiceus (Mitt.) Limpr. - On rocks near the river Deva. 1, 2.

(2) Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. var. aduncus - On soil, in beech

wood. 10, 12.

(1) Entodon concinnus (De Not) Par. - On rocks and sloping soil. 11

(2) Entostodon obtusus (Hedw.) Lindb. - On sloping soil. 11.

(2) Fissidens pusillus (Wils.) Milde - On flooded rocks. 1, 2, 3.

Source : MNHN, Paris

32 E. FUERTES LASALA and E. MARTINEZ-CONDE

(2) Hypnum lindbergii Mitt. - On soil in mixed forest. 8.

(1) Homalothecium aureum (Lag.) Robins. - Base of limestone rocks. 1.

(2) Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils. - In crevices of damp rocks. 12, 14, 15.

d'en rufescens (Brid.) B., S. & G. - In rocks crevices. 8, 10, 12, 14,

(2) Orthotrichum stramineum Hornsch. ex Brid. - Epiphytic on beech and oak. 8,

9, 10, 12.

(2) Plagiomnium medium (B. & S.) T. Kop. subsp. medium - In rock crevices. 6.

Q) Platydictya jungermannioides (Brid.) Crum - On rocks, in rivers and streams,

(2) Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum (B. & S.) T. Kop. - On soil in beech woods

and sloping soil exposed to spray by streams. 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 12.

(1) Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) B., S. & G. - On rocks and soil near river

beds. 5.

(2) Tortula inermis (Brid.) Mont. - On stony slopes. 3, 4.

(2) T. subulata Hedw. var. subinermis (Brid.) Wils. - At base of rocks and on

soil in oak forest. 8, 9.

(2) Tortella densa (Lor. & Mol.) Crundw. & Nyh. - In shaded areas in beech

woods. 12.

(2) Ulota coarctata (P. Beauv.) Hammar - Epiphytic on beech and oak. 6. 10,

12.

(3) U. phyllantha Brid. - Epiphytic on beech. 12.

(2) Weissia controversa Hedw. var. crispata (Nees & Hornsch.) Nyh. - In

crevices of limestone. 10, 17.

(2) Zygodon viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid. subsp. baumgartneri (Malta) Dill ` On

trunks of trees of decidous forest. 8.

(1) Z. viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid. subsp. viridissimus - On trunks of trees of

deciduous forest. 8.

CARTOGRAPHY

Distribution maps of particular species in the Iberian Peninsula were made

using the data given in this paper, in conjunction with information obtained from

literature and herbarium sources. U.T.M. (10 x 10km).

Ulota phyllantha Brid. (Fig. 2)

Cantabria: UN 68. Monte de la Llama, E. Fuertes & E. Martinez-Conde,

1983, steril. MACB 20.096.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF CANTABRIA 323

4 5

Fig. 2 - Distribution of Ulota phyllanta in the Iberian Peninsula. Fig. 3 Distribution of

Tortella densa in the Iberian Peninsula. Fig. 4 - Distribution of Riccardia incurvata in

the Iberian Peninsula. Fig. 5 - Distribution of Porella arboris-vitae var. killarniensis in

the Iberian Peninsula.

Tortella densa (Lor. 8: Mol.) Crundw. & Nyh. (Fig. 3)

Cantabria: UN 68. Monte de la Llama, E. Fuertes & E. Martinez-Conde,

1983, steril. MACB 20.099.

Source : MNHN. Paris

324 E. FUERTES LASALA and E. MARTINEZ-CONDE

Asturias: UN 48. Covadonga, on limestone, F. Sollman, 1978, steril. BCB

5771.

Lérida: CH 12. Vall de Mulleres, in crevices of limestone, A. Canalis, 1982,

steril. BCB 353.

Riccardia incurvata Lindb. (Fig. 4).

Cantabria: UN 69. The Urdón basin, E. Fuertes & E. Martinez-Conde, 1983.

MACB 20.100.

Lérida: CH 12. Vall de Mulleres, A. Canalis, 1983. BCB 11. 890.

Palencia: UN 66. Pozo de Curavacas (Cordillera Cantábrica), P. Geissler,

1977 (Geissler 1979).

Porella arboris-vitae (With.) Grolle var. killarniensis (Pears.) Corley (Fig. 5)

Cantabria: UN 68. Sierra de Beges, on rocks in the oak forest,

E. Martinez-Conde, 1983. MACB 20.101.

Gerona: DG 52. Riells, C. Casas, 1980. BCB 17.095.

Tarragona: BF 78. Montnegre, R. Cros, 1979. BCB 3993.

Fuertes &

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. - Thanks are due to Dr. AJ.E. Smith and Dr. R.

Schumacker for confirmation of some identifications; to Dra Casas, Dra Ros and A.

Canalis, for information about samples in the Herbarium. of the University of Barcelona.

REFERENCES

DÚLL R., 1984-85 - Distribution of the European and Macaronesian mosses

(Bryophytina). Bryol. Beitr. 4-5: 1-233.

FUERTES E. € MARTINEZ-CONDE E., 1988 - Vegetación briofitica del Macizo Orien-

tal de los Picos de Europa (Andara) en Cantabria (España). 1. Comunidades terrícolas y

lignicolas. Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 9 (2): 109-127.

FUERTES E. & MARTINEZ-CONDE E., 1989 - Vegetación briofitica del Macizo Orien-

tal de los Picos de Europa (Andara) en Cantabria (España). II. Comunidades terrícolas

y lignicolas. Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 10 (1): 45-59.

GEISSLER P., 1979 - Bryologische Notizen aus den Picos de Europa (Nordspanien)

Mém. Soc. Bot. Genève 1: 123-137.

GROLLE R., 1983 - Hepatics of Europe including the Azores: an annotated list of species,

with synonyms from the recent literature. J. Bryol. 12: 403-459.

MUELLER K., 1854 - Bryologische Beitráge zu einer Flora der Pyrenäen, des nórdlichen

und des südlichen Spaniens. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19: 313-320.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1989, 10 (4): 325-335 325

THE EFFECT OF SOME CHEMICALS

ON PROTONEMAL GROWTH AND BUD FORMATION

IN THE MOSS TIMMIELLA ANOMALA

R.N. CHOPRA & Anita KAPUR

Department of Botany, University of Delhi,

Delhi 110007, India.

ABSTRACT - The effect of some morphactins, vitamins, antibiotics and chelating agents

has been studied on protonemal growth and bud formation in Timmiella anomala. Mor-

phactins (CME 74050 P and EMD 7461 W) drastically inhibited protonemal growth. Pro-

tonemal regeneration occurred only at concentration of 1mg/l, but the filaments produced

were sparse and no buds were formed. Vitamins (pyridoxine HCI, cyanocobalamin, ribofla-

vin, thiamine HCl) stimulated bud formation and gametophore growth. The antibiotics,

chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin, sulphacetamide and vivocycline had an overall

inhibitory effect. Sulphacetamide proved most inhibitory. Ferric citrate at 10mg/l was opti-

mal for bud formation; protonemal growth was not affected, but the length of gameto-

phores increased with increase in concentration of ferric citrate. The chelating agents ED-

DHA, Fe-EDDHA and EDTA reduced the time required for bud initiation, and increased

the number of buds as well as the length of gametophores. The largest number of buds

were observed with EDTA and Fe-EDDHA. However, salicylic acid had no marked effect

on growth.

INTRODUCTION

In continuation of studies on protonemal differentiation and bud formation in

mosses being carried out in this laboratory, the effect of some morphactins, anti-

biotics, vitamins, ferric citrate and chelating agents on bud induction and game-

tophore growth in Timmiella anomala is described in this communication.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Timmiella anomala (B., S. € G.) Limpr. was collected from the Manali Hills,

Himachal Pradesh, India. Mature, undehisced capsules were surface-sterilized

with chlorine water for three to five minutes and then washed repeatedly with

sterile water. Spores were squeezed out of the capsules on to a sterile glass slide

and planted aseptically on Nitsch’s basal medium containing half strength

Source : MNHN, Paris

326 R-N. CHOPRA and A. KAPUR

Knop’s major salts (Knop 1865), Nitsch’s trace elements solution (Nitsch &

Nitsch 1956), ferric citrate (10mgjl), sucrose (1%) and agar (0.8%). The medium

was autoclaved at 1.06kg/cm? for 15 min., after adjusting the pH to 5.8. The cul-

tures were maintained at 25° + 2°C and the fluence rate [flux density in the spec-

tral range between 400 and 700nm measured with an ISCO spectroradiometer

(model SR, No 80990) at a distance of 27cm from the light source] varied from

10.75 to 12.93 Wm.

After the spores germinated, protonema from one of the cultures was multi-

plied for experimentation; 15-day-old bud-free protonema was used as the inocu-

lum. Ferric citrate, EDTA, EDDHA and Fe-EDDHA were added to the me-

dium before autoclaving. Morphactins (CME 74050 P, EMD 7461 W), vitamins

(vitamin B,, B» B Bu), antibiotics (chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin,

sulphacetamide, vivocycline), and salicylic acid were filter-sterilized (through mil-

lipore filters of 0.45um pore size, Millipore Intertech Inc., Bedford, Massachu-

setts, USA) and added to the autoclaved medium. Twelve replicates were set up

for each treatment, and the experiment was repeated once. Observations of the

number of buds formed on the protonema were made under a stereoscopic bino-

cular microscope at regular intervals and the final readings were taken after 40

days of growth. The diameter of each protonemal patch was measured after 30

days by putting it onto graph paper. The length of gametophores was measured

after 60 days of growth with a micrometer.

RESULTS

MORPHACTINS

Two morphactins, chlorflurecol-methyl ester (CME 74050 P) and methyl-2-

chloro-fluorene-9-carboxylate (EMD 7461 W), were each incorporated into the

medium at concentrations of 1, 3, 5 and 10mg/.

Protonemal regeneration occurred only at Img/1. The newly formed filaments

were pale-green, sparse, and had a well-developed aerial system. The diameter of

the patch was reduced to 4.0 and 5.2mm with CME 74050 P and EMD 7461 W,

respectively, whereas in control cultures it was 20.6mm.

No buds appeared with either morphactin, even at 1mg/l. Thus, in this moss,

morphactins had a pronounced inhibitory effect on protonemal growth and bud

formation.

VITAMINS

Four vitamins (Bj, Bj, By & Ba) were individually incorporated into the medi-

um, Vitamin By, was tried at four concentrations (10, 107, 10% & 105M), while

the rest were added at five levels, ranging from 10 to 104M.

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin Bj; ). - This did not have much effect on protone-

mal growth at lower levels (10% - 105M). At 105M the diameter of the proto-

nemal patch increased (Tab. I).

Source : MNHN, Paris

EFFECTS OF SOME CHEMICALS ON TIMMIELLA ANOMALA 327

e e _—

EEN

SEC

Seenen

DSDS

10 21.0 + 0.50 25 29,940.30 3.3 40.39 114.51 108.45

1077 214 $0.23 25 32.1 + 0,25 3,5 4 0.21 123,46 112.90

1076 21.1 40.97 20 ton 4.2 40.33 149,23 135.48

1075 25.5 + 0.52 20 45.8 $ 0.56 3.7 $ 0.39 17545 119.35

rue

av? 20.2 4 0.28 25 3) $049 — 31105 119.51 100

3077 2947 # 0.47 25 324 £15 3.2 $ 0.03 320.76 — 103,22

1076 19.5 + 0.26 25 362 40.72 3.2 40.15 138.86 — 103.22

105 19.5 4 0.50 25 45.8 £0.69 — 2,5 + 0.89 176.15 — 80.94

1074 14.9 + 0.52 20 5100,30 2,2 $0.79 196.15 70.96

ose:

ic? 204 + 20 28.0 $0.56 3.2 $1.92 107,59 103.22

107 19.3 + 20 35.9 + 0.62 34 £242 137.59 — 109,87

1076 16.3 + 15 25.9 + 0.64 3.8 £125 99.61 — 122.58

10% 18.0 $ 15 25.5 $0.96 — 2.4 10,0) 98.97 "ma

1074 ni 15 23.2 + 0.07 1.8 + 0.89 89.23 56.06

Seen

109 21.6 $ 0.65 25 29.4 + 0.79 3:2 $0.79 113,07 103.22

Da 21,8 + 0.81 25 29.6 40057 3.34 0.09 123,94 — 106.45

1076 2.3 40.39 25 29.8 * 0,52. 3.6 $0.02 114,88 — 109.7

a208 1,8 + 0.38 20 30.1 $ 0.94 249 + 0.99 115.76 93.54

10 14 + 0,29 20 30.40.99 EEN 118,07 — 74.5

por protonenal patch and bud number, each datum indicates the mean and standard error from

12 replicates.

ch datum indicates the mean and standard error from 20 ganetonhor

"sor ganetoshore length,

TAB. L. - The effect of vitamins on protonemal growth, bud formation and gametophore

length in Timmiella anomala, maintained in 10.75 - 12.92 Wm? of continuous light at

25' + vc.

In the control cultures and at 10% and 107M vitamin B,, buds were initiated

after 25 days. The time required for bud formation was reduced by 5 days at 106

and 105M. The average number of buds per culture increased linearly with in-

crease in the concentration of this vitamin, 105M being the optimum concen-

tration. Gametophore growth was also slightly stimulated by vitamin Ba, with

an optimum at 10M (Tab. 1).

Pyridoxine HCI (Vitamine Bj). - This retarded the growth of protonemal fila-

menis, the inhibitory effect being more pronounced at 104M (Tab. I).

Source : MNHN, Paris

328 R.N. CHOPRA and A. KAPUR

Buds developed after 20 days at 104M, whereas at all other concentrations

and in the control cultures they were observed after 25 days. Increase in the con-

centration of vitamin B, led to a gradual and linear increase in the number of

buds per culture, 104M being the optimum concentration. At lower levels (10% -

106M) the length of gametophores was not affected, but higher concentrations

proved inhibitory and at 10M the mean length of gametophores was reduced to

2.2mm (Tab. 1).

Riboflavin (Vitamin B, ). - This inhibited protonemal growth. The diameter of

the protonemal patch decreased as the concentration of this vitamin was in-

creased (Tab. 1).

The time of appearance of buds was favourably affected. Bud initiation took

25 days in the control cultures; 20 days at 104 and 107M, and 15 days at 10%

10 and 104M. The number of buds and the length of gametophores increased

at lower concentrations, but decreased at higher levels, 107M being optimal for

the first of these responses and 10M for the second (Tab. I).

Thiamine HCI (Vitamin Bj). - Protonemal growth was enhanced at lower

concentrations (10% - 104M) but was inhibited at higher levels (105 & 104M).

The diameter of the protonemal patch was greatest at 107M.

At 105 and 104M buds appeared 5 days earlier (20 days) than at other con-

centrations and in the control cultures, The average number of buds per culture

increased at all the levels tried, 10%M being the optimum concentration. The

growth of gametophores was stimulated at concentrations up to 10M (Tab. D.

A comparison of the numbers of buds produced in response to the four vita-

mins revealed that maximum increase was observed with vitamin Bẹ at 104M

(196% of control) followed by vitamin Bj; at 105M (176% of control). Vitamin

B, elicited the optimum response at 107M (137% of control), whereas with vita-

min B, the increase was negligible, the maximum being at 104M (118% of the

control) (Tab. 1).

A comparison of the lengths of gametophores revealed that vitamin By en-

hanced growth at all the concentrations tested, whereas, other vitamins (Bi, B; €

B,) stimulated growth at lower levels and suppressed it at higher concentrations.

However, the optimum level of all the four vitamins was 10-6M. At this concen-

tration the response as a percentage increase of the control cultures was 135 per

cent with vitamin Bu, 122 per cent with B;, 109 per cent with vitamin B, and 103

per cent with B, (Tabl. 1).

ANTIBIOTICS

The effect of five antibiotics (chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin, sul-

phacetamide & vivocycline) was studied.

Chloramphenicol. - This was incorporated into the medium at four levels - 5,

10, 15 and 30mg.1. Protonemal growth was markedly inhibited.

The time of bud initiation was not appreciably affected. At 15 and 30mg/1 bud

formation was delayed by 5 days. At all other concentrations and in the control

cultures buds appeared after 25 days. The number of buds and the length of

Source : MNHN, Paris

EFFECTS OF SOME CHEMICALS ON TIMMIELLA ANOMALA 329

mes

Length ©

Zeie

of control)

"Een BT for tad number of Ton ot oe

Batch mi initiation Hude/culture^ gamotzhorer'! Zeie of

[5 [53 Le

puce

control 20.6 $ 0,88 25 main sago

chiorsmhenteo

s 9.5 + 0.40 25 marii 07.61

10 8.5 10.50 E 23.5 x 1.09 05.78

E 745 + 0650 am ene ES

30 3.7 $0.40 ze te gate 66.08

Feniciliin

s 18,7 3 0.33 a aes couté

10 16.2 3 0,24 25 20.5 4 * ne

E 15.6 4 0.21 25 ses ES 10.00

20 12,7 3 0:27 2 oise cg ee

streptonycin

B 10.0 + 0.78 2 ane gose 2620.05

10 B.e + 0.83 25 aeren atgas

as DE Soo aaa Loin

30 zeen 2% men negue

D 6.7 $0.21 30 mere are

so 6.2 rom æ amegon 1.0 40062

Sulphacetaniče

5 DEEN am were roseg

10 1.7 + 0.08 % «16.0 41.98 0.284 0.02 58.28

15 & ^ pl 5 s

20 = E 2 " E

Vivecyeline

s tam zm marie asie 6204

10 ton 25 10,6130 ont ` oam

as m zm mann — 13:00) em

20 + 0.58 30 E Sax

E 3.0 + 0,51 20 6.44216 0,652 1.01 23.25

D 245 + 0.69 ze 5.44306 0.464 0.66 19,70

Other detalle as in TAB, I

- No growth

KÉN

mam

50.6

45.16

83.67

67.74

50.06

45.16

aen

09.03

61.29

54.03

35.46

32.25

20.96

14,03

TAB. Il. - The effect of various different antibiotics on protonemal growth, bud formation

and gametophore length in Timmiella anomala, maintained in 10.75 - 12.93 Wm? of

continuous light at 25° + 2°C.

gametophores decreased with increase in the concentration of chloramphenicol.

At the highest concentration the gametophores were 1.4mm long, compared with

3.1mm in the control cultures (Tab. II).

Source : MNHN. Paris

330 R.N. CHOPRA and A. KAPUR

Penicillin. - Penicillin (as benzyl penicillin) was added at 5, 10, 15 and 30mg/l.

The time of appearance of buds was not altered, but protonemal growth, bud

number and length of gametophores were all adversely affected (Tabl. II).

Streptomycin. - Streptomycin sulphate was tried at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and

60mgl. As the concentration was increased the diameter of the protonemal

patch decreased drastically. The protonemal filaments turned pale-green, and ra-

mification was very poor.

The time of bud initiation was not altered at lower levels (5-30mg/l), but with

higher concentrations (45 & 60mg 1) bud formation was delayed by 5 days. Bud

number and gametophore length gradually decreased with increase in the con-

centration of streptomycin (Tab. II).

Sulphacetamide. -Sulphacetamide sodium was added at four levels - 5, 10, 15

& 30mg 1. The inoculum did not regenerate on media containing 15 and 30mg.

At 5 and lOmg very few protonemal filaments regenerated, and these turned

pale-green. The diameter of the protonemal patch was 1.7mm at 10mg;/1 in com-

parison to 20.6mm in the control cultures.

Very few buds appeared after 35 and 30 days at 10 and Smg1, respectively.

At higher levels no buds were formed. The development of gametophores was

also greatly inhibited. At 10mg 1 sulphacetamide, gemma-like structures appeared

and these were only 0.28mm long (Tab. II).

Vivocycline. - This was incorporated at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60mg1. The di-

ameter of the protonemal patch decreased, the inhibition being directly propor-

tional to the concentration of the antibiotic.

The time of appearance of buds was not affected at lower levels (5-15mg D.

At 30 and 45mg1 buds were formed after 30 days, and after 35 days at 60mg l,

as compared to 25 days in the control cultures. The number of buds and the

length of gametophores decreased with increase in the concentration of vivocy-

cline (Tab. 11).

In general, the antibiotics tested were inhibitory to protonemal growth and

bud formation. All the antibiotics except penicillin delayed the appearance of

buds. Sulphacetamide had the greatest inhibitory effect on the growth of protone-

ma and gametophores. A comparison of the relative effect of antibiotics on bud

formation (at Smg,l) revealed that in Timmiella anomala vivocycline was the

most inhibitory (bud number 62.04% of the control), and chloramphenicol the

least (97.81% of the control) (Tab. I).

FERRIC CITRATE

Cultures were grown on a medium containing three concentrations of ferric

citrate: 10, 20 and 30mg. Cultures on a medium with 10mg] ferric citrate

served as a control.

Protonemal growth was not affected. Buds appeared after 25 days in the con-

trol cultures. At 20 and 30mg,1 they appeared after 30 days. The greatest number

of buds was produced at the lowest concentration (10mg 1). Ferric citrate also sti-

Source - MNHN, Paris

EFFECTS OF SOME CHEMICALS ON TIMMIELLA ANOMALA 331

Treatment Time taken Average Average

for wua munber of , Length of sy

initiation buds/culture" E

(days) mj

Ferrie citrate

10 mg/L (control) ` 20.4 $ 2.50 22 $167

30 * D 26.3 $2.01 60 me

a D 21.2 + 20 mes aa

1078 25 29.8 41,23 3.440,50 104.52 166.25

iet 2 370 + 0.54 3.7 + 1,00 130.28 115.62

105 30 19,4 + 2.56 45 +07 60.20 140,02

adt as 15.5 + 3.16. 44 + 0.66 55.08 128.12

Terba

107 ES 29.6 + 3.24. 3.2 + 1.86 104.22 100

1076 25 3466 £1.02 34 $0.29 121.03 106.25

acit 30 31.7 e 1.5 45 041 m.a 140,02

en 30 226 $21 1.5 + 050 19.57 59.27

107 20 39.2 41.07 3.6 £0.68 136,02 212,50

avs 20 43.2 40.53 4.9 + 069 152.11 153.12

zez: E 25.9 4 1.00 303 0,7 mus 93.75

RM E 16.2 $247 146 nm $7.29 $0.00

104 25 29.6 41.03 3.0 + 0.25 104.52 $3.25

et: 25 30.0 + 1.87 2.8 40.79 1054 87,50

10% + 25 30,0 + 1,43 2.5 + 007 105.63 70.12

aot E 22.2 g 0.92 2.0 £0.98 19.52 52.50

Other details os in TAB. T

TAB. III. - The effect of various different iron sources on bud formation and gametophore

length in Timmiella anomala, maintained in 10.75 - 12.933 Wm? of continuous light at

25° + £C.

mulated gametophore growth, the response being directly proportional to con-

centration (Tab. III).

CHELATING AGENTS

The chelating agents, EDDHA, Fe-EDDHA,

at 107, 105, 105 and 104M.

DTA & SA, were each tried

Ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA). - This had no ef-

fect on protonemal growth. In the control cultures and at 107M buds were

Source : MNHN, Paris

332 R.N. CHOPRA and A. KAPUR

formed after 25 days. At 10M they appeared after 20 days, but bud induction

was delayed by 5 and 10 days at 105 and 104M, respectively.

EDDHA enhanced the number of buds at lower levels, 105M being the opti-

mum concentration. It proved inhibitory at higher levels (105 & 104M). The

growth of gametophores was stimulated, with an optimum at 105M (Tab. III).

Iron salt of ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (Fe-EDDHA). -

Protonemal growth remained unaltered at all the concentrations of Fe-EDDHA

tried. In the control cultures, and at 107 and 106M buds were formed after 25

days, whereas at 105 and 104M they appeared after 30 days.

Fe-EDDHA enhanced the number of buds at all levels, except 10M. The

response was maximal at 105M. The length of shoots increased in response to

Fe-EDDHA up to 105M (Tab. III).

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDDTA). - This chelating agent also had lit-

tle effect on protonemal growth, but the time of bud initiation was altered. Buds

appeared after 25 days in the control cultures and at 105M; after 20 days at 107

and 10M; and after 30 days at 104M. The lower concentrations enhanced the

number of buds and the length of gametophores, whereas higher levels (105 &

104M) were inhibitory. Both types of responses were maximum at 10M (Tab.

11).

Salicylic acid (SA). - Protonemal growth and time of bud initiation were not

influenced by SA, but the number of buds increased slightly. At 10%M, SA

proved inhibitory. With increase in the concentration of salicylic acid, the length

of gametophores gradually decreased (Tab. III).

In general, the chelating agents tested did not have much effect on protonemal

growth. At lower levels the time of bud initiation was generally reduced. A com-

parison of the relative change in the number of buds/culture revealed that the

maximum response was observed with EDTA at 10M (152% of the control),

followed by EDDHA at 10%M (130% of the control), Fe-EDDHA at 10%

(122% of the control), and SA at 10% and 10M (106% of the control) (Tab.

Ill).

DISCUSSION

In Bryum klinggraeffit (Rawat 1976), Barbula gregaria and Bryum coronatum

(Kumra 1981), the morphactin CME 74050 P suppressed protonemal growth,

delayed the initiation of gemmae buds, reduced their number and retarded the

elongation of shoots. When cultures of B. klinggraeffii were kept under field con-

ditions this morphactin induced the formation of many lateral branches and re-

tarded the elongation of shoots. In the present investigation on Timmiella, the

two morphactins tested (CME 74050 P & EMD 7461 W) strongly inhibited pro-

tonemal growth, and buds failed to appear. In contrast to these observations,

CME stimulated protonemal growth in Hymenostylium and increased bud num-

ber in Microdus and Campylopus (Mehta 1986). In higher plants, morphactins

are known to inhibit seed germination and stem elongation, but induce lateral

branches (Schneider 1970).

Source : MNHN, Paris

EFFECTS OF SOME CHEMICALS ON TIMMIELLA ANOMALA 333

Most tissues cultivated in vitro are capable of synthesizing vitamins. Not

much is known about the effects of vitamins on bryophytes. Spiess et al. (1973)

reported that in Py/aisiella selwynii vitamin By, decreased the time required for

bud initiation and increased their number (3 to 20-fold); but that at 104M, cal-

lus-like masses were formed. In Pylaisiel/a this vitamin mimicks the effect of cy-

tokinin. In Hyophila involuta vitamin Ba slightly enhanced bud formation at

lower levels (Rahbar 1981). Vitamins usually reduce the time taken for bud for-

mation and increase their number, as for example, vitamins Bj? and B, in

Barbula gregaria and Bryum coronatum (Kumra 1981), vitamin By in

Bartramidula bartramioides (Rahbar 1981), vitamin B, in Philonotis (Babbar

1985), vitamins B,, B, and Bi; in Microdus (Mehta 1986), and vitamins By, B,

B, and By; in Timmiella anomala (present investigation). However, in Garckea

phascoides bud number decreased at all levels of vitamin B, tested (Sarla 1986).

Vitamin Bj; induced buds in Dicranella coarctata (Kumra 1981) and Bryum

atrovirens (Vashistha 1985). Both these mosses remain bud-free on basal medi-

um.

Antibiotics are useful in the study of morphogenesis since they act as inhibi-

tors of various metabolic processes. Streptomycin and penicillin cause inhibition

of protein synthesis (Fitzgerald et al. 1948). However, not much is known about

the effect of antibiotics on bryophytes, In Timmiella the antibiotics tested (chlo-

ramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin, sulphacetamide & vivocycline) inhibit pro-

tonemal growth, and delay the appearance of buds, in addition to reducing their

number and decreasing the length of gametophores.

Chelating agents stimulate protonemal growth in some mosses, whereas in

others they prove inhibitory (see Sarla 1986). In Timmiella anomala (present in-

vestigation) protonemal growth is not affected by EDDHA, EDTA, Fe-EDDHA

and SA.

Chelates usually increase bud number as for example, Fe-EDDHA in

Barbula gregaria and Bryum coronatum (Kumra 1981), SA, EDDHA, Fe-ED-

DHA, EDTA in Bartramidula bartramioides (Rahbar & Chopra 1983), ED-

DHA, EDTA and their salts, and SA in Microdus brasiliensis (Mehta 1986), SA,

EDDHA, EDTA in Philonotis (Babbar 1985), EDDHA, Fe-EDDHA, EDTA in

Anisothecium spirale and Pohlia elongata (Vashistha 1985) and EDDHA,

EDTA, Fe-EDDHA and SA in Timmiella anomala (present investigation).

Chelating agents bring about changes in morphogenetic processes, possibly by

affecting the bioavailability of metals such as copper and iron (Seth et al. 1970).

Rahbar & Chopra (1983) estimated the endogenous levels of iron and copper in

response to chelators by atomic absorption spectroscopy. They observed that the

endogenous iron content was maximum at 107M EDDHA or EDTA, which is

also the optimal concentration for bud induction. In the same way exogenously

increased levels of iron and copper stimulated bud induction. The maximum le-

vels of iron and copper were higher in EDDHA-treated cultures than in those

supplemented with EDTA. In Timmiella anomala (present investigation) bud in-

duction is also increased by iron supplied exogenously as ferric citrate.

A large number of buds were induced by changing the iron source from ferric

citrate to (i) Fe-EDDHA in Anoectangium thomsonii (Chopra & Rashid 1969),

and Hymenostylium (Mehta 1986); (ii) to Fe-EDTA in Bryum pallescens (Cho-

Source : MNHN. Paris

334 R.N. CHOPRA and A. KAPUR

pra & Sarla 1985); (iii) and to salicylic acid in Anoectangium thomsonii (Saxena

& Rashid 1980) and Campylopus (Mehta 1986). On basal medium, buds were

not formed in these mosses. In Pogonatum aloides buds were produced only by

the synergism of kinetin and IAA (Sood 1975). The addition of Fe-EDDHA fur-

ther promoted bud formation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. - Financial assistance from the Council of Scientific and

Industrial Research, New Delhi, is gratefully acknowledged

REFERENCES

BABBAR SADHANA, 1985 - Experimental studies on some bryophytes. Ph. D. Thesis,

Univ. Delhi, India.

CHOPRA R.N., RASHID A., 1969 - Induction of shoot-buds in Anoectangium thomsonit

Mitt. by a metal chelate, Fe-EDDHA. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 61: 199-202.

CHOPRA R.N., SARLA, 1985 - Induction of buds in the moss Bryum pallescens Schleich.

ex Schwaegr. by a metal chelate, Fe-EDTA. J. Bryol. 13: 423-428.

FITZGERALD R.J., BERNHEIM F., FITZGERALD D.B., 1948 - Inhibition by strep-

tomycin of adaptative enzyme formation in Mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 175: 195-200.

KNOP M., 1865 - Quantitative Untersuchungen über den Ernahrungsprozess der Pflanzen.

Landw. Versuchs - Stat. 7: 93-107.

KUMRA P.K., 1981 - Morphogenetic and physiological studies on some mosses. Ph. D.

Thesis, Univ. Delhi, India.

MEHTA POONAM, 1986 - Morphogenetic studies on some Indian mosses. Ph. D. The-

sis, Univ. Delhi, India.

NITSCH J.P., NITSCH C., 1956 - Auxin dependent growth of excised Helianthus

tuberosus tissues. Amer. J. Bot. 43: 839-851.

RAHBAR KAVITA, 1981 - Morphogenetical and physiological studies on Bartramidula

bartramioides Schimp. and Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Delhi,

Delhi, India.

RAHBAR KAVITA, CHOPRA R.N., 1983 - Effect of chelating agents on bud induction

and uptake of iron and copper by the moss Bartramidula bartramioides. Physiol. PL

(Copenhagen) 59: 148-152.

RAWAT M.S., 1976 - Morphogenic studies on some Bryaceae. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. De-

Ihi, Delhi, India.

SARLA, 1986 - Morphogenetic studies on some Bryaceae. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Delhi,

Delhi, India.

SAXENA P.K., RASHID A., 1980 - Differentiation of bud cells on the protonema of the

moss Anoectangium thomsonii. Effect of aspirin and salicylic acid. Z. Pflanzenphysiol.

99: 187-189.

SCHNEIDER G., 1970 - Morphactins: physiology and performance. Annual Rev. Pl.

Physiol. 21: 499-536.

SETH P.N., VENKATARAMAN R, MAHESHWARI S.C, 1970 - Studies on the

growth and flowering of a short-day plant, Wolffia microscopica. II. Role of metal ions

and chelates, Planta 90: 349-359.

Source : MNHN, Paris

EFFECTS OF SOME CHEMICALS ON TIMMIELLA ANOMALA 335

SOOD SNEH, 1975 - Morphogenetic studies on Pogonatum aloides. Beitr. Biol. Pfl. 51:

99-110.

SPIESS L.D., LIPPINCOTT B.B., LIPPINCOTT J.A., 1973 - Effect of hormones and vi-

tamin Bj; on gametophore development in the moss Pylaisiella selwynii. Amer. J. Bot.

60: 708-716.

VASHISTHA B.D., 1985 - In vitro investigations on some bryophytes. Ph. D. Thesis,

Univ. Delhi, Delhi, India.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1989, 10 (4): 337-344 337

THE EFFECT OF SOME AMINO ACIDS AND

VITAMINS ON GROWTH AND FERTILITY IN MALE

CLONES OF THE MOSS MICRODUS BRASILIENSIS

R.N. CHOPRA and Poonam MEHTA

Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.

ABSTRACT - Experiments have been carried out on the effects of some amino acids and

vitamins on vegetative growth and antheridial formation in male clones of Microdus.

Among the amino acids tried, aspartic acid and tryptophan inhibited antheridial production

and vegetative growth. Methionine stimulated both responses at all levels, but isoleucine did

so only at lower concentrations. Vitamins Bg and By, also increased both responses.

INTRODUCTION

Extensive work has been carried out on the role of amino acids in controlling

growth and development in higher plants (see Butenko 1968), but comparable

studies on bryophytes, especially on the onset of the reproductive phase, are

meagre (see Chopra & Kumra 1988).

This investigation is an attempt to extend studies on growth and antheridial

production in male clones of the moss Microdus. The effect of aspartic acid, iso-

leucine, tryptophan, methionine, lysine, threonine and vitamins B}, B and Bj;

are reported.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Microdus brasiliensis (Dub.) Thér., a dioecious moss, was collected from

Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh, India. Aseptic cultures of male clones were raised

from spores and maintained as described in an earlier paper (Chopra & Mehta

1987).

The amino acids and vitamins were each tested at five concentrations, ranging

from 10% to 104M. The vitamins were filter-sterilized (pore size 0.45pm, Milli-

pore Intertech Inc., Mass., U.S.A.) and incorporated into the autoclaved medi-

um, whereas the amino acids were autoclaved with the medium.

Source : MNHN, Paris

338 R.N. CHOPRA and P. MEHTA

Cultures were observed under a binocular microscope and finally dissected for

detailed study. All experiments were run for 60 days. Twelve replicates were set

up for each treatment, and each experiment was repeated once.

AMINO ACIDS

Amino acids. - In cultures with lysine and threonine moruloid buds were in-

duced which did not develop into gametophores.

Tryptophan. - Antheridial induction was delayed by 2 days at all levels of this

amino acid. The percentage of fertile gametophores produced per culture was

= &-9 Tryptophan

Ə 2er *— Aspartic acid

y 2404

& 20r

E b

E 160

9 120

E eor

= " 1 1 1

3 O Tryptophan

2 Aspartic acid

= li il

1078 1077 107 1075 wn

Concentration (M)

Fig. 1 - The effect of aspartic acid and tryptophan on growth and gametangial formation in

male clones of Microdus brasiliensis. Per cent response per culture is the percentage of

fertile gametophores produced. Each datum indicates the mean and standard error from

12 replicates. The data were recorded from 60-day-old cultures.

Source : MNHN. Paris

GROWTH AND FERTILITY OF MICRODUS BRASILIENSIS 339

markedly reduced at 108, 106, 105 and 104M. However, at 107M no appreci-

able effect was observed (Fig. 1). Minimal response (50% of the control) was

elicited at 105 and 104M. Vegetative growth was stimulated only at 107M (Fig.

1). At 104M growth was 44 per cent of the control. The number of antheridia

per head was not affected by tryptophan. Thus, tryptophan inhibited antheridial

production as well as vegetative growth.

Aspartic acid. - The time taken for antheridial production was not altered by

aspartic acid. The number of fertile gametophores per culture decreased, and at

105M the response was 33 per cent of the control. At 104M no antheridia were

observed (Fig. 1). The number of gametophores per culture also decreased at all

levels of aspartic acid (Fig. 1). The minimum response (at 104M) was 39 per

cent of the control. The number of antheridia per head was reduced to 7 or 8 as

compared to 8-10 in control cultures. Thus, aspartic acid markedly inhibited

antheridial production as well as vegetative growth.

za Methionine

e— Isoleucine

260}

Isoleucine

1074 107 107$ 307$ v^

Concentration (M)

“ Response per culture Number of gametophores per culture

Fig. 2 - The effect of methionine and isoleucine on growth and gametangial induction in

male clones of Microdus brasiliensis. Per cent response per culture is the percentage of

fertile gametophores produced. Each datum indicates the mean and standard error from

12 replicates. The data were recorded from 60-day-old cultures.

Source : MNHN, Paris

340 R.N. CHOPRA and P. MEHTA

Methionine. - Antheridial heads were induced 1 day earlier at 10* and 107M,

whereas at the remaining concentrations (10-5 - 104M) and in the control cul-

tures they appeared after 48 days. The number of fertile gametophores per cul-

ture increased at all levels, 102M being optimal (Fig. 2). The number of ga-

metophores per culture also increased at concentrations of 10% to 105M. At

104M there was no appreciable effect. Maximum vegetative growth was ob-

served at 10M (Fig. 2). The number of antheridia per head was not altered by

methionine. .

At its optimum level the production of fertile gametophores and vegetative

growth were 157 per cent and 156 per cent of the controls, respectively.

Thus, methionine increased antheridial induction and vegetative growth, al-

most to the same extent.

Isoleucine. - The time taken for antheridial production was not altered by iso-

leucine. The number of fertile gametophores per culture was enhanced at lower

levels (10 - 106M) and decreased at 105M. Maximum antheridial production

was observed at 107M (Fig. 2). At the highest concentration (104M) there was

no response at all. Vegetative growth increased at lower concentrations (10% -

10M), to a maximum at 10M (Fig. 2). The number of antheridia per head re-

mained 8-10.

At its optimum levels, the production of fertile gametophores and vegetative

growth were 144 per cent and 137 per cent of the controls, respectively.

Thus, isoleucine promoted antheridial production as well as vegetative growth

at lower concentrations.

Of the amino acids tried, aspartic acid and tryptophan inhibited both vegeta-

tive growth and antheridial production. At the optimal levels of methionine and

isoleucine the number of fertile gametophores was 156 per cent and 144 per cent

of the control, respectively. Methionine was also more effective than isoleucine in

promoting vegetative growth.

VITAMINS,

Thiamine HCI (vitamin B,). - With this vitamin moruloid buds were induced

which failed to develop into gametophores.

Pyridoxin HCI (vitamin Bọ). - At lower levels vitamin B, increased the percent-

age of fertile gametophores produced, but the time of antheridial production was

not affected, At 104M all gametophores remained sterile (Fig. 3). The number of

gametophores per culture increased at all concentrations (Fig. 3). The optimal

concentration for both responses was 10M, and at this level relative enhance-

ment of antheridial production and vegetative growth was 222 and 209 per cent

of the controls, respectively. The number of antheridia per head at all concen-

trations of vitamin B,, as well as in the control cultures, was 8-10.

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B,,). - Antheridial heads were induced 4 days earlier

at 107 and 105M, whereas at other levels (105, 105 and 104M) and in the con-

trol cultures antheridia were noticed after 48 days. The number of fertile gameto-

phores per culture was enhanced at all concentrations, it being maximum at

107M (Fig. 3). Vegetative growth was also stimulated by this vitamin; 105M be-

Source : MNHN, Paris

GROWTH AND FERTILITY OF MICRODUS BRASILIENSIS 341

Vitamin

— Vitamin Bj

aso

faso}

22}

Fi f 1 Y L

C Vitamin B,

bal Vitamin Be

sob

10°F 0 ER

0 10”

Concentration (M)

Fig. 3 - The effect of vitamin Bg and Bız on growth and gametangial induction in male

clones of Microdus brasiliensis. Per cent response per culture is the percentage of fertile

gametophores produced. Each datum indicates the mean and standard error from 12 re-

plicates. The data were recorded from 60-day-old cultures.

ing the optimal concentration (Fig. 3). The number of antheridia per head in-

creased at both 107 and 10M, being 10-12.

At its optimal levels the production of fertile gametophores and vegetative

growth were 322 per cent and 210 per cent of the controls, respectively. This vi-

tamin was therefore more effective in enhancing antheridial production.

Of the two vitamins, vitamin Bu proved more effective in antheridial pro-

duction than vitamin B,, but stimulated vegetative growth almost to the same ex-

tent.

Source : MNHN. Paris

342 R.N. CHOPRA and P. MEHTA

DISCUSSION

Amino acids generally support good growth in bryophytes. In Athalamia

pusilla the addition of tryptophan resulted in maximum fresh weight yield and in

this it was followed by lysine (Mehra & Pental 1976). In Riccia crystallina glu-

tamic acid supported maximum growth followed in order of effectivness of threo-

nine, valine, aspartic acid, hydroxyproline, leucine, serine, tryptophan, aspara-

gine, glycine and alanine (Sood 1974). In R. gangetica, out of the six amino acids

tried, glutamic acid supported maximum growth and was followed in effective-

ness by aspartic acid, glycine, serine, asparagine and tryptophan (Chopra &

Kumra 1984). In R. frostii tryptophan stimulated vegetative growth only at lower

concentrations, whereas aspartic acid and threonine did so at all levels tested

(Vashistha & Chopra 1987). In R. discolor threonine proved most effective

among the amino acids tested, and was followed by lysine, aspartic acid, methio-

nine and asparagine (Sarla 1987). In the present study on Microdus aspartic acid

and tryptophan inhibited vegetative growth, whereas methionine and isoleucine

promoted it. Miller, Garber and Voth (1962) recorded that with a certain combi-

nation of amino acids, the growth of Marchantia polymorpha was inhibited with-

out any change in morphology. Studies of amino acid-deficient mutants of M.

polymorpha have proved that endogenous amino acids are involved in the con-

trol of growth and development.

The role of aspartic acis is evident from the studies of Margaris (1974) on five

moss species. Significantly higher amounts of aspartic acid were recorded in

Tortula princeps and Platyhypnidium riparivides. It is quite possible that, in

Microdus, the endogenous level of aspartic acid is fairly high and therefore the

exogenous supply of this amino acid resulted in the inhibition of vegetative

growth.

It has been demonstrated that, in Marchantia polymorpha, amino acids affect

growth and development by influencing proteins synthesis (Dunham & Bryan

1968, 1969, 1971). A number of essential processes were inhibited in the absence

of methionine since this amino acid is associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis

(Radmer & Bogorad 1967), ethylene production (Leiberman et al. 1965) and nu-

cleic acid synthesis (Billen & Hewitt 1966), as well as protein synthesis.

Amino acids also influence gametangial production in bryophytes, but their

effect is quite variable. In Microdus antheridial production is enhanced by methi-

onine and isoleucine, whereas tryptophan and aspartic acid inhibit this response.

The number of antheridia per head is also reduced by aspartic acid. Sood (1974)

reported that in the monoecious Riceia crystallina, glycine, tryptophan and as-

partic acid were more effective in increasing the number of antheridia, although

archegonial production was also enhanced. In R. gangetica (Chopra & Kumra

1984) aspartic acid and glutamic acid increased antheridial formation, whereas

asparagine, serine and tryptophan resulted in the production of more archegonia.

In the female clone of R. frostii aspartic acid, threonine and tryptophan all sup-

ported archegonial production (Vashistha & Chopra 1987).

Vitamins also influence growth and development in higher plants. Paris (1955,

1958a, b) and Paris & Duhamet (1953) demonstrated that various tissues synthe-

size vitamins in suboptimal amounts and that the addition of vitamins to nutrient

media improves tissue growth. According to Butenko (1968) thiamine is neces-

sary for the normal growth of Parthenocissus crown gall tissue. According to

Source - MNHN, Paris

GROWTH AND FERTILITY OF MICRODUS BRASILIENSIS 343

Reinert & White (1956) vitamin B,, is essential for the growth of tumor tissues in

Picea glauca but has no effect on normal tissues. This may be due to a higher

rate of nucleic acid metabolism in tumor tissues, since it is known that vitamin

Bj participates in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines.

In bryophytes, vitamins have variable effects on growth. Spiess et al. (1973)

reported that, in Pylaisiella selwynii, vitamin B; increased the number of buds

and, at higher concentrations, resulted in the formation of callus-like masses. In

Riccia discolor vitamin B, and Bj; supported normal growth and regeneration

(Sarla 1987). In. Microdus vitamins B, and Bj; promoted growth and also en-

hanced antheridial formation. Of the two vitamins, vitamin B, proved more ef-

fective in antheridial production.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. - The award of a Research Associateship from the Council

of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi to one of us (PM) is gratefully ac-

knowledged.

REFERENCES

BILLEN D. & HEWITT R, 1966 - Influence of starvation for methionine and other ami-

no acids on subsequent bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid replication. J. Bacteriol. 92:

609-617.

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Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1989, 10 (4): 345-352 345

THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPIPHYLLOUS LIVERWORTS

WITH LEAF CHARACTERISTICS AND LIGHT

IN MONTE VERDE, COSTA RICA

Julián MONGE-NÁJERA

Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica,

Costa Rica, C.A.

ABSTRACT - In a study of the ecology of epiphyllous liverworts in a Tropical lower mon-

tane wet forest, it was found that the degree of epiphyllic cover and herbivory are generally

higher in larger leaves, which indicates that both behave as functions of area. The epiphyllic

growth and area consumed by herbivores increase more rapidly than leaf area, and there is

no statistical relationship between epiphylly, and herbivory and leaf shape, Absolute and re-

lative epiphyllic cover are higher in the forest clearing than in the understory, perhaps as a

result of high atmospheric humidity and occurrence of heliophilic species. This quantitative

survey approach is convement for two reasons: it provides a defined view of actual field

conditions and serves as a guide to posterior experimental corroboration.

RÉSUMÉ - L'étude de l'écologie des hépatiques épiphylles en forêt tropicale humide de

basse altitude permet de mettre en évidence que le recouvrement par les epiphylles et l'ac-

tion des herbivores sont généralement plus élevés sur les feuilles larges; ils sont donc fonc-

tion de l'aire foliaire. Le développement des épiphylles et l'aire attaquée par les herbivores

augmentent plus rapidement que la surface foliaire. Il n'y a pas de relation statistique entre

Vepiphyllie, et les herbivores et la forme de la feuille. Les recouvrements absolu et relatif

par les épiphylles sont plus importants dans la forêt clairsemée que dans la forêt dense,

peut-être à cause d'une humidité atmosphérique plus élevée et de la présence d'espèces

héliophiles. Cette approche globale quantitative est utile pour deux raisons: elle permet de

définir les conditions actuelles in situ, et elle pourra servir de guide à une confirmation

expérimentale ultérieure.

INTRODUCTION

The general ecology of epiphylly is just beginning to be studied. Studies such

as those of Winkler (1968) and Olarinmoye (1974, 1976) can be considered

pioneering. It is thus difficult to present an overview of current knowledge, but it

can be divided into generally accepted and debated conclusions. There is a

consensus that microclimatic conditions are of significance in epiphyllae

ocurrence, abundance and diversity (Winkler 1968, Olarinmoye 1974, 1976,

Richards 1984). Among the debated topics are intra- and interspecific

Source : MNHN, Paris

346 J. MONGE-NAJERA

competition, the nature of succession, the relationship between epiphyllae and

host plants and the role of light and leaf characteristics (see Richards 1984 for a

review). Two causes of this debate are the logistic difficulties that prevent

prolonged studies (Winkler 1968) and the non quantitative nature of most

research (Olarinmoye 1974, 1976, A. Kjeldberg, personal communication,

1987). This paper presents statistical analyses of the degree of cover by

epyphyllae in relation to leaf age, size, shape and herbivory, as well as a

comparison between epiphyllous cover from plants growing in a forest clearing

and in the understory.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The area of the Monte Verde Cloud Forest Reserve studied here is located in

the tropical lower montane wet forest, in Northwestern Costa Rica. A detailed

description is provided by Hartshorn (1983).

The leaf area covered by epiphyllae was estimated with a grid of points

(placed every cm), by using two variables: absolute cover or total number of

points falling over epiphyllae, and relative cover: number of points falling over

cpiphyllae divided by total number of points falling over leaf. This second var

Hable is a correction for leaf area. Absolute and relative areas lost to herbivores

were evaluated similarly. To estimate number of points falling over missing leaf

parts, another leaf of the same species and similar size was placed below. Leaf

Size was measured with a ruler, and the area was calculated with the formula:

AREA = [()0000] / 4

where X = leaf length and Y = leaf width.

Leaf shape was measured by dividing length by breadth, thus, higher quotients

indicate longer leaves.

This is a study of degree of epiphyllic cover, not presence; for this reason

leaves that had no epiphyllae were excluded.

Leaf characteristics. - A single species of shrub ( Piper sp.) was used, in order

to decrease the number of factors that could affect the results. The host was

selected because it is relatively common in the reserve and there were several

individuals within a small area (about 50 m2). The leaves are puberullent with

pinnate venation and measure about 9-15 by 3-7 cm. Young leaves were recog-

hized for their lighter coloration, shiny surface devoid of debries and softer textu-

te. no further age estimation was feasible and all leaves not having those

characteristics were classified as old.

Forest clearing and understory. - Leaves of all species bearing epiphylls were

collected as found, while walking in a forest clearing and in the nearby

understory some 15 m away. Voucher specimens are deposited in the

Herbarium, Universidad de Costa Rica.

A Spearman Rank Correlation was calculated for each variable pair Gig-

nificance: * = prob.< 0.05, ** = prob.< 0.01).

Source - MNHN, Paris

EPIPHYLLOUS LIVERWORTS, LEAVES AND LIGHT IN COSTA RICA 347

RESULTS

The epiphyllae found are leafy liverworts. The systematics of Costa Rican

epiphyllae are currently under complete review by Profs. Maria I. Morales and

S. Winkler, and a list of species is not within the scope of this work.

Standard

Sample Mean Minimum Maximum

Young leaves

Area 216 — 746 — 303 15.6 — 165.8

Shape 210 2.8 0.5 0.9 4.2

Relative cover n8 0.3 0.3 nm 2.7

Absolute cover zie ds VI 1 78

Relative herbivory 215 0.03 0.1 o 0.6

Absolute herbivory 215 2.0 7.4 o 46

Old leaves

Area 20 77.8 28 20.1 165.8

Shape 256 SCH 0.5 0.9 4.2

Relative cover zm 0.3 0.3 om 27

Absolute cover 23 25 25 1 226

Relative herbivory 270 0.00 oi o 0.6

Absolute herbivory 270 3 7.5 o 58

Table 1 - Leaf characteristics, cover by epiphyllae and herbivory in young and old Piper sp.

leaves.

Variable Old leaves Young leaves _

N__ Mean Rank N Mean Rank

Area** 94 1714 E

Relative cover** 95 214.6 40 160.2

Absolute cover** 95 218.4 40 131.4

Relative herbivory** 95 172.5 40 155.2

Absolute herbivory** 95 181.4. 40 141.1

**p < 0.0001 Mann-Whitney U Test.

Table 2 - Mean rank values for leaf area, cover by epiphyllae and herbivory in old and

young Piper sp. leaves. N = sample size.

Source : MNHN. Paris

348 J. MONGE-NAJERA

LEAF CHARACTERISTICS

A correlation does not imply the presence of a cause-effect relationship, but

the opposite is true (Sokal and Rohlf 1969) and I will firstly mention the va-

riables that were not correlated. In young leaves, the absolute cover is unrelated

to leaf shape and to absolute and relative herbivory, as absolute herbivory is

unrelated to leaf area and shape and to relative cover. In old leaves, the

following variables are independent: area and absolute herbivory and relative

cover; absolute herbivory and relative and absolute cover; shape and relative

herbivory and relative cover, and relative herbivory and relative cover.

In the young leaves (Table 1), there are correlations between relative cover

and area (Contingency Coeficient -0.373**), relative cover and shape (0.302**)

and absolute cover and area (0.253*). Leaf shape is also a funtion of area

(-0.497**). Most leaves have a low relative cover (Fig. 1a).

Old leaves (Table 1) produced correlations between absolute cover and arca

(0.583**), absolute cover and shape (0.290**), relative herbivory and area

60 | a €

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5 604

2 tt,

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T T T T T ms

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Area covered by epiphyllae (%)

Fig. 1 - Relative cover by epiphyllae on young (a) and old (b) leaves of Piper sp. and on

leaves of a forest clearing (c) and in the understory (d).

Source : MNHN. Paris

EPIPHYLLOUS LIVERWORTS, LEAVES AND LIGHT IN COSTA RICA 349

(-0.204*) and area and shape (-0.446**). Most leaves have a low relative cover

(Fig. 1b).

When leaves of the two age classes (Fig. 1 a, b) were compared, the six va-

riables were found to differ significantly (Table 2). Area, relative and absolute

cover, relative and absolute herbivory are higher in old leaves, which in turn are

less elongated (old leaves N = 84, mean rank = 82.4, young leaves N = 38,

Understory

Area

Length

Breadth

Shape

Relative cover

Absolute cover

Clearing

Area

Length

Breadth

Shape

Relative cover

Absolute cover

Standard

deviation Minimum _ Maximum

153.2 3.2 0.002

21.4 2 221

4.3 1.5 45

2.1 0.2 24.6

0,3 0.00 2.4

15 1 n

80.3 08 411.9

9.6 1 47

27 1 13.8

1.5 1 T

0.2 0.02 1.3

a 1 ni

Table 3 - Leaf characteristics and cover by epiphyllae in a forest understory and a clearing.

Sample sizes: N = 120.

Variable Clearing Understory

Area 133.9 116.4

Length** 142.4 107.2

Breadth 123.0 128.2

Shape** 149.0 100.1

Relative cover* 135.6 114.5

Absolute cover** — — 143.2 106.3

*p < 0.05, **p«0.01 Mann-Whitney U Test.

Table 4 - Mean rank values for leaf area, length, breadth and shape and cover by epiphyllae

in a forest clearing and in the understory. Sample sizes: clearing N = 130, understory

= 120.

Source : MNHN. Paris

350 J, MONGE-NAJERA

mean rank = 125.7, p < 0.0001). Both young and old leaves have epiphyllae

covers below 12 % (Fig. 1 a, b).

FOREST UNDERSTORY AND CLEARING

In leaves collected in the forest understory (Table 3), there are no correlations

in all combinations of cover, and shape and herbivory, while there are

correlations between area and absolute (Contingency Coefficient 0.20*) and rela-

tive (-0.50**) cover. The leaves from the clearing (Table 3, Fig. 1 c, d) showed

no correlation between cover, shape and herbivory, although there were also

some correlations, as follows: absolute cover and length (0.51**), width (0.40**)

and area (0.49**). Length was also correlated with width (0.59**), shape

(0.38**) and area (0.88**), as was width with shape (-0.40**) and area (0.87**).

Four variables had higher mean rank values in the clearing than in the forest

understory (Table 4): absolute cover, relative cover, length and shape. Most

clearing and understory leaves had less than 9 % cover.

DISCUSSION

LEAF CHARACTERISTICS

Leaves of the investigated species tend to elongate and increase their area with

age, as normal in many other species (Flores 1989). Leaf area increase is slower

than the increase in epiphyllic cover and in area lost to herbivores, since both

absolute and relative cover and herbivory are higher in old leaves. This results

are consistent with the idea that in cpiphyllae there is a strong selection for rapid

growth, as discussed by Richards (1984). The concentration of defensive

compounds is higher in young leaves (Coley 1987), which would explain why, in

this case, the higher proportion of lost lamina occurs in old leaves, although their

size is also important: proportionally, larger leaves lose less area.

It has been proposed that herbivory may favour epiphylly (A. Kieldberg,

personal communication, 1987), but this is not true for our data, even when all

the combinations of absolute and relative cover and herbivory are tested. This

does not appear to be the result of sampling error: this evaluation of herbivory is

consistent with that of studies which used more sophisticated measuring devices

(Dirzo 1987). Besides, the results shown in the present paper fall within the range

known for Piper in Costa Rica (Marquis 1987). These measurements of cover

by epiphyllae are also in general agreement with those obtained independently by

A. Kjeldberg (personal communication, 1987), who used a different method.

Absolute cover with epiphyllae is higher in larger leaves, independently of

their age, which supports the idea that cover degree is partially a function of the

available area (Winkler 1968, Richards 1984). Epiphyllous cover is strongly

associated with age during the first year of leaf life (Winkler 1988, personal com-

munication) and this suggests that our sample consisted chiefly of leaves that

were more than one year old. Why longer old leaves have less cover is ignored,

but it may be simply the result of another factor which in turn is correlated to

Source : MNHN, Paris

EPIPHYLLOUS LIVERWORTS, LEAVES AND LIGHT IN COSTA RICA 351

leaf shape. Relative cover correlates positively with area and shape only in young

leaves, suggesting that larger, younger leaves favour establishment of epiphyllae.

Similarly, epiphyllae seem to be favoured by large leaves, as found in palm

leaves in New Guinea and fern fronds in El Salvador (Winkler 1968, Richards

1984).

FOREST UNDERSTORY AND CLEARING

The intensity of light that reaches leaves is variable (Richards 1984) and

instead of attempting to measure incident light, I evaluated its effect indirectly by

comparing epiphyllae from a clearing and from the forest understory. This non-

experimental approach has at least one important disadvantage: concomitant

factors such as rain and wind are not excluded and data interpretation becomes

more difficult. In the clearing the leaves are more elongated and have a higher

mean length. At both sites larger leaves have more absolute epiphyllae cover, but

relative cover is higher only in larger leaves of the understory. As age was not

estimated for these leaves, it is ignored if it reflects a faster growth of epiphyllae

in the understory. Olarinmoye (1974, 1976) listed low air humidity, high light in-

cidence and strong rain as factors that negatively affected epiphyllae. These

conditions are expected in the forest clearing rather than in the understory

(Richards 1952, Smith 1987), but the results show the opposite: both absolute

and relative epiphyllic cover are higher in the clearing. A. Kjeldberg (personal

communication, 1987) also found in Monte Verde that those Piper sp. leaves

which received more sun light had more cover. Among the possible causes for

higher cover values in this clearing are the following: a) Olarinmoye's (1974,

1976) studies were done in a strongly seasonal lowland area in Africa and im-

portant differences in humidity have been found between lowland and “the much

more favourable conditions of the mist” highland forests (Winkler 1968,

Richards 1984). In Monte Verde, atmospheric humidity is relatively high

throughout the year and should not be a limiting factor, even in forest clearings.

b) Some taxa are more heliophilic (Richards 1984) and may require higher

amounts of light. Heliophily might result from a need to meet high

photosynthetic demands to provide the host with nitrogen, an interesting and

overlooked possibility that would explain why more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed

in leaves carrying epiphyllae. Such hypothesis is not mutually exclusive with the

alternative explanation mentioned by Richards (1984): ^ leaves that bear

epiphyllae have a more congenial environment for Cyanophyceae and nitrogen-

fixing bacteriae.

CONCLUSIONS

1. The level of epiphylly and herbivory are generally higher in larger leaves,

which indicates that both behave as functions of area.

2. Epiphyllic growth and area consumed by herbivores increase more rapidly

than leaf area.

Source - MNHN, Paris

352 J. MONGE-NAJERA

3. There is no statistical relationship between epiphylly, and herbivory and leaf

shape.

4. Absolute and relative epiphyllic cover are higher in the forest clearing than in

the understory.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.- We thank the comments on an earlier draft of Dr. Peter

Dabbeler (Munich Herbarium), Prof. Sieghard Winkler (Ulm University) and Prof. P. W.

Richards (Cambridge). Much assistance was provided by Prof. Ricardo Soto, Prof, Maria

I. Morales, Mister Axel Retana and several students from the Organization for Tropical

Studies.

REFERENCES

COLEY P. D., 1987 - Patrones en las defensas de las plantas. In: Clark D. A., Dirzo R.

& Fetcher N., Ecologia y ecofisiologia de plantas en los bosques mesoamericanos. Rev.

Biol. Trop. 35 (supl. 1): 151-164.

DIRZO R., 1987 - Estudios sobre interacciones planta-herbivoro en “Los Tuxtlas”,

Veracruz. In. Clark D. À, Dirzo R. & Fetcher N., Ecología y ecofisiologia de plantas

en los bosques mesoamericanos. Rev. Biol. Trop. 35 (supl. 1): 119-131.

FLORES E. M., 1989 - La planta: estructura y función. Cartago, Costa Rica: Editorial

Tecnológica (In press).

HARTSHORN G. S., 1983 - Plants: introduction. In: Janzen D. H., Costa Rican Natural

History. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Pp. 118-157.

MARQUIS R. J., 1987 - Variación en la herbivoria foliar y su importancia selectiva en

Piper aricianum (Piperaceae). In: Clark D. À, Dirzo R. € Fetcher N., Ecología y

ecofisiologia de plantas en los bosques mesoamericanos. Rev. Biol. Trop. 35 (supl. 1):

133-149.

OLARINMOYE S. O., 1974 - Ecology of epiphyllous liverworts: growth in three natural

habitats in western Nigeria. J. Bryol, 8: 275-389.

OLARINMOYE S. O., 1976 - Ecology of epiphyllous liverworts in Western Nigeria, II

Notes on competition and successional changes. Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. "1975" 1976, 41:

457-463.

RICHARDS P. W., 1952 - The tropical rain forest, an ecological study. London:

Cambridge University Press. 450 p.

RICHARDS P. W., 1984 - The ecology of tropical forest bryophytes. In: Schuster R. M.,

New Manual of Bryology. 2. Miyazaki (Japan): The Hattori Botanical Laboratory. Pp.

1233-1270.

SMITH A. P., 1987 - Respuesta de hierbas del sotobosque tropical a claros ocasionados

por la caida de árboles. In: Clark D. À, Dirzo R. & Fetcher N., Ecología y

ecofisiologia de plantas en los bosques mesoamericanos. Rev. Biol. Trop. 35 (supl. 1):

110-118.

SOKAL R. R. & ROHLF F. J., 1969 - Biometry. San Francisco: Freeman, 776p.

WINKLER S., 1968 - Die epiphyllen Moose der Nebelwálder von El Salvador, C. A. Rev.

Bryol. Lichénol. "1967" 1968, 35: 303-369.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1989, 10 (4): 353-359 353

SOBRE LA GERMINACIÓN DE LA ESPORA EN

PHAEOCEROS BULBICULOSUS (BROTHERO) PROSK.

P. HERGUIDO & E. RON

Dpto, Biología Vegetal 1, Facultad de Biología,

Univ. Complutense, 28040 Madrid (España)

RESUMEN - Se ha estudiado la morfología de la espora a SEM y el desarrollo del

protonema a partir de la espora de una población de Phaeoceros bulbiculosus (Broth.)

Prosk., herborizada el 3.V.1979 en el Pto. de Clavin en la Sierra de San Pedro en la Provin-

cia de Cáceres (España). Se sembraron esporas en condiciones de laboratorio siguiendo su

germinación y desarrollo durante once meses. Se observó un patrón exospórico con va-

riación respecto a la presencia de tubo de germinación y uniformidad en la emergencia del

primer rizoide. Las siembras se realizaron sobre cuatro medios diferentes, dos sólidos y dos

liquidos, reseñandose las diferencias morfológicas y de comportamiento de los protonemas

y de los gametófitos. Se dió por concluido el seguimiento en fase vegetativa de los talos

dorsiventrales.

ABSTRACT - The spore morphology with SEM, the sporeling and the young gameto-

phytes of Phaeoceros bulbiculosus (Broth.) Prosk. are studied using specimens collected in

Puerto Clavin, Sierra de San Pedro, Province of Cáceres (Spain), stored over eight years.

The germination and development of sporelings sown in laboratory conditions were fol-

lowed for eleven months. An exosporic pattern with variations in presence of germ tube

and uniformity in rhizoid development was observed. Four different substrates, two liquid

and two solid, were tested. The morphological differences of protonemas and gametophytes

growing on each of them are indicated. The experiment ended once the vegetative phase of

dorsiventral thallus was attained.

INTRODUCCION

Grónland (1854) realizó las primeras observaciones del patrón de

germinación en Anthoceros indicando su variabilidad frente a las condiciones

ambientales, que posteriormente confirmaron otros autores: Campbell (1913),

Casares Gil (1919), Schuster (1966) y Nehira (1983).

Nehira (1983), reuniendo las observaciones de Campbell (1913), Casares Gil

(1919), Rink (1935), Mehra & Kachroo (1962) y Renzaglia (1975) reconoció dos

modelos básicos en el patrón de germinación de Anthocerotales: protonema

cilindrico de desarrollo exospórico y protonema pluricellular endospórico.

Source : MNHN, Paris

354 P. HERGUIDO y E. RON

Con este trabajo se pretende, en base a esos estudios, contribuir a conocer la

morfologia de los diodos, el patrón de germinación y el desarrollo de los

gametófitos de Phaeoceros bulbiculosus (Broth.) Prosk.

MATERIALES Y METODOS

El material esporigeno procede de ejemplares herborizados en el Puerto

Clavín, en la Sierra de San Pedro, en la Provincia de Cáceres, y conservados sin

pretratamiento. Un pliego testigo está depositado en el herbario MACB,

La descripción morfológica de las esporas según terminología de Erdtman

(1965) y Kremp (1968) reúne las observaciones a microscopio óptico del materi-

al embebido en agua y a microscopio electrónico de barrido después de som-

breado en alto vacio con una pelicula de oro paladio y posterior metalizacién.

Todas las medidas se han tomado sobre treinta esporas.

Para el seguimiento de la germinación se sembraron esporas en placas Petri

el 4.X11.1987 y el 26.1X.1988. La siembra en medio sólido se realizó sobre una

capa de agua de condensación. Los medios de cultivo utilizados fueron: agua

destilada, solución de Knop (0.5%), solución comercial nutritiva de Substral

(0.07%), agar (1.5%) suplementado con solución de Knop (0.5%) y agar (1.5%)

suplementado con solución comercial nutritiva (0.07%) de Substral.

Estos cultivos, cerrados y sellados con parafilm, se mantuvieron en un labora-

torio de paredes blancas en orientación W, a una temperatura ambiente y con

iluminación natural.

Todos los dibujos se realizaron con la ayuda de una cámara clara.

RESULTADOS

Morfología de la espora

1. Examen a microscopio óptico: espora polar tetrahédrica de lados conve-

xos en vista distal y color amarillo intenso. Diámetro ecuatorial entre 50 y 70um

y eje polar entre 35 y 50. El valor medio de sus ejes (diámetro ecuatorial 54 y

eje polar 434m) las incluye en el grupo de las esporas grandes.

Algunas aparecían adosadas en tétrades tetrahédricas con un diametro medio

de 7Sum. Exina lisa, sin ornamentación apreciable. Cara proximal con marca

trirrámea que alcanza al margen liso.

2.- Examen a microscopio electrónico de barrido de una tetrade (Fig. 1): su-

perficie escábrida.

Germinación de la espora y desarrollo del protonema

El 4.X11.1987 se siembra en agua destilada el contenido de una cápsula (unas

250 esporas). Los diodos muestran un color verde intenso, sin apreciarse aumen-

to de volumen, poco antes de la germinación. Esta comienza con la protrusión

Source : MNHN, Paris

GERMINACION DE PHAEOCEROS BULBICULOSUS 355

Fig. 1- Vista proximal de una tetrade a MEB mostrando el trilete. Fig. 2: protonema con

nacimiento del primer rizoide (115). Fig. 3: protonema dicotomizado (115). 4: Fase

protonémica con tubo de germinación y octante celular en el ápice (463)

del contenido celular al producirse la apertura de la pared por el vértice del tri-

lete y separarse tres valvas (Lam. 1: 1, 2).

Dos días después se produce la primera tabicación a la que siguen otras hasta

formar un cuerpo ovoideo pluricelular de 6 a 8 células con un gran cloroplasto

verde en cada una de ellas (Lam. 1: 3). Tres días más tarde aparece el primer ri-

zoide formado por la elongación, sin tabique de separación, de una célula super-

ficial cercana a los restos de la pared de la espora (Lam. 1: 4, 5 y fig. 2). En este

proceso el cloroplasto se fragmenta en pequeñas porciones que pasan al rizoide

y posteriormente se desnaturalizan.

Nueve días después de iniciarse la germinación el protonema ya es cilíndrico

y lleva aún los restos de la esporodermis adheridos a su base. En este estadio del

desarrollo se traslada a Knop líquido donde el protonema, que presenta un

máximo de tres rizoides, continúa su crecimiento.

Source : MNHN, Paris

356 P. HERGUIDO y E. RON

Sg zi

Lamina 1: Germinación de la espora, estadios protonemáticos y desarrollo del gametófito,

Quince dias más tarde el ápice está constituido por un conjunto de células cu-

neadas de menor tamaño que las periféricas restantes y que al igual que ellas

tienen un gran cloroplasto ovoideo parietal (Lam. 1: 7).

Cuarenta días después de iniciado el proceso, los protonemas, que presentan

rizoides lisos en numerosas células de su superficie, son maleiformes e inician

una transformación morfológica hacia la dicotomización (Lam. 1: 8, 9, 10 y fig.

3).

Siete días después de alcanzar esa fase se trasladan a Knop sólido donde

continúan su crecimiento sin cambios aparentes hasta que un mes más tarde se

conforman como láminas de simetría dorsiventral, que definen la fase adulta a

los 75 dias de haberse iniciado la germinación de la primera espora (Lam. 1:

11, 12, 13).

El 26.1X.1988 se efectúa una siembra en cinco medios diferentes, y en dos de

ellos, Substral sólido y Knop liquido, aunque es mayoritario el patrón de

germinación descrito, se puede observar en algunas esporas la emergencia distal

de tubos de germinación que se alargan con emigración de los cloroplastos hacia

su ápice, diferenciando una zona hialina basal aislada por un septo. Dos tabica-

ciones perpendiculares entre sí en la célula apical la convierten en un cuadrante

de unidades isodiamétricas que cinco días después se transforma en un cuerpo

multicelular (Lam. 1: 6 y fig. 4).

Unos protonemas ya cilíndricos, que procedían de esta última siembra en

Knop líquido, se fijaron al fondo de la placa manteniéndose postrados y parale-

Source - MNHN. Paris

GERMINACION DE PHAEOCEROS BULBICULOSUS 357

los entre si desde el 14.X1.1988 hasta la aparición de las primeras dicotomias,

sugiriendo un crecimiento orientado.

La vitalidad de las esporas, después de ocho años y diez meses de permanen-

cia en herbario, fue del 90%, indicando una notable longevidad.

DIFERENCIAS EN LA GERMINACION DE LA ESPORA

DE PHAEOCEROS BULBICULOSUS

EN DISTINTOS MEDIOS DE CULTIVO

- Tiempo que transcurre entre la siembra y la germinación:

H,0 K. liq. K. sol. | Subs. liq. | Subs. sol.

4.X11.87 40 dias

26.1X.88 | 11 dias 11 dias 16 dias 19 dias 14 dias

- El porcentaje de esporas germinadas fue del 90% en agua y en Knop

líquido; del 40% en Substral sólido y Knop sólido, y del 20% en Substral

líquido.

3.- Las esporas sembradas en Substral sólido y en Knop líquido presentaron

dos patrones alternativos de germinación: emergencia de tubo o bien de masa

pluricelular, sin que aparentemente haya relación con la consistencia del medio

empleado ni con cambios de las condiciones ambientales.

4.- Las esporas sembradas en Knop líquido alcanzaron la fase de protonema

cilindrico con tamaño de su eje mayor entre 10004m y 20004m, mientras que en

el resto de los medios solo llegaron a alcanzar, en algunos casos, una longitud

máxima de 200um siendo el aspecto más frecuente el de un racimo informe de

células.

Tres meses después de la germinación solamente continuaban su desarrollo

los protonemas en Knop líquido, mientras que se habían paralizado, e incluso

degenerado, los que se cultivaban en otros medios.

5. A los tres meses de las siembras los medios líquidos presentaban

contaminación por algas que era muy intensa en Substral e incipiente en Knop.

Por el contrario era la fúngica la que invadía los sólidos sin que pareciese per-

turbar el crecimiento de los protonemas.

DISCUSION

El margen de longevidad, ocho años y diez meses, encontrado en Ph.

bulbiculosus concuerda con el reseñado para Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk.

(Proskauer 1957).

Source : MNHN, Paris

358 P. HERGUIDO y E. RON

Los primeros síntomas de germinación en Ph. bulbiculosus han aparecido a

tiempos muy distintos, 40 y 11 días, diferencia atribuible unicamente a las distin-

tas condiciones de temperatura ambiental y fotoperiodo entre los meses de las

siembras (Diciembre 1987 y Septiembre 1988), ya que la senectud no puede ser

responsable al ser más corto el tiempo de germinación empleado por las esporas

de la última prueba. Estos datos no presentan diferencias notables con los obten-

idos por Mehra & Kachroo (1972) para A. erectus Kashyap, de veinticuatro días

y A. punctatus L., de diez dias.

El tipo de dehiscencia y ruptura de la pared esporigena coincide con la de A.

erectus y A. punctatus (Mehra & Kachroo 1962) y A. fusiformis Aust. (Campbell

1913).

Un protonema masivo pluricelular ha sido visto en A. punctatus (Mehra &

Kachroo 1962, Renzaglia 1978), A. erectus (Mehra € Kachroo 1962), A.

fusiformis (Campbell 1913) y À. crispulus (Mont) Douin (Casares Gil 1919), y

éste alternando con una germinación por tubo se ha descrito para A. laevis

(Goebel 1905) del mismo modo que se describe para Ph. bulbiculosus en este

trabajo. Estas variaciones en Anthocerotales han sido atribuidas por Campbell

(1913), Goebel (1905), Casares Gil (1919) y Nehira (1983), a condiciones am-

bientales fluctuantes.

La aparición del primer rizoide en Ph. bulbiculosus es anterior a la formación

del protonema cilíndrico multicelular, momento en que citan su aparición en À

punctatus y A. erectus (Mehra & Kachroo 1962) y A. fusiformis (Campbell

1913). Su formación y ausencia de septo de separación coincide con lo observa-

do para A. erectus y A. punctatus (Mehra & Kachroo 1962) y Anthocerotales en

general (Nehira 1983). No se han hallado rizoides ramificados o dicotomizados

frente a lo descrito para A. punctatus (Mehra & Kachroo 1962, Renzaglia 1978)

y A. erectus (Mehra & Kachroo 1962).

Peirce (1906) y Proskauer (1948) encontraron en 4. fusiformis y A. leavis L.

respuestas fototrópicas coincidentes con la interpretación dada en este trabajo

para el comportamiento observado en el crecimiento orientado de Ph.

bulbiculosus.

En cuanto a la adecuación de distintos medios de cultivo Mehra & Kachroo

(1962) encontraron en Anthoceros un desarrollo más vigoroso en solución de

Knop que en suelo; comparativamente también el Knop líquido resultó ser el

mejor de los medios ensayados con Ph. bulbiculosus.

CONCLUSIONES

Ph. bulbiculosus presenta la espora polar tetrahédrica grande, con superficie

escábrida y trilete que condiciona una abertura ya conocida en otras especies de

Anthocerotales (Anthoceros erectus, A. punctatus, A. fusiformis).

El amplio márgen de longevidad, ocho años y diez meses, aún siendo alto

para una hepática talosa, está dentro de los límites conocidos en Anthocerotales.

La diferencia morfológica en los dos patrones de germinación encontrados,

también es coincidente con lo que ya estaba descrito en Anthocerotales, pero no

Source : MNHN, Paris

GERMINACION DE PHAEOCEROS BULBICULOSUS 359

parece obedecer a condiciones extrinsecas en la germinación, sino más bien a

causas intrínsecas de la propia espora.

El primer rizoide se forma por protrusión, sin septo separador, de una célula

en situación proximal y en fase temprana e informe del protonema.

Si bien el agua destilada da buenos resultados en la germinación, el Knop

líquido parece ser el mejor medio de los ensayados para el cultivo de los inci-

pientes protonemas en esta especie,

BIBLIOGRAFIA

CAMPBELL B.H., 1913 - The structure and development of mosses and ferns. 2 ed. New

York.

CASARES GIL A., 1919 - Hepáticas. Flora Ibérica. Briofitas. Primera parte. Madri

Mus. Natl. Cienc. Nal.

ERDTMAN G., 1965 - Pollen and spore morphology. Plant Taxonomy. Gymnospermae.

Bryophyta. An Introduction to Palinology HI. Stockholm.

GOEBEL K.V., 1905 - Organography of plants, especially of the Archegoniatae and Sper-

matophyta. Part IL. Special Organography. Oxford. 707p., 417 fig

GRÖNLAND J., 1854 - Mémoire sur la germination de quelques Hépatiques. Ann. Sci.

Nat. Bot, sér. 4, 1: 5-29.

KREMP G.O.W., 1968 - Morphologic Encyclopedia of Palinology. Tucson.

MEHRA P.N. & KACHROO P., 1962 - Sporeling germination studies in Anthocerotales.

J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 25: 145-153.

NEHIRA K., 1983 - Spore germination, protonema development and sporeling develop-

ment. In: Schuster, R.M. (ed.), New manual of Bryology. 1. Nichinan. Pp. 343-385.

PEIRCE G.J., 1906 - Anthoceros and its Nostoc colonies. Bot. Gaz. 42: 55-58.

PROSKAUER J., 1948 - Studies on the Anthoceros. I. Ann. Bot, n.s., 12: 237-265.

PROSKAUER J., 1957 - Studies on the Anthocerotales V. PAytomorphology 7: 113-135.

RENZAGLIA K.S., 1978 - A comparative morphology and development anatomy of the

‘Anthocerotophyta. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 44: 31-90.

RINK W., 1935 - Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte, Physiologie und Genetik der Lebermoosgat-

lungen Anthoceros und Aspiromitus. Flora 130: 87-130.

SCHUSTER M., 1966 - The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, I. New York.

Source : MNHN. Paris

360

INFORMATIONS

Ouvrage réecemment reçu

GREENE S.W. and HARRINGTON A.J. - The conspectus of bryological taxonomic

literature Part 2. Guide to national and regional literature. — BRYOPHYTORUM

BIBLIOTHECA 1989, 37: 1-321 (ISBN 3-443-62009-4, prix: DM 120, Gebrüder

Borntraeger, D-7000 Stuttgart).

Association francaise de Lichénologie

Bulletin d'Information de l'Association francaise de Lichénologie 1989, 14(1) - Résumé de

la these de Mr A. SEMADI (Effets de la pollution atmosphérique - pollution globale,

fluorée et plombique - sur la végétation dans la région de Annaba, Algérie) - Analyse d'un

mémoire : les lichens bioindicaters de la pollution atmosphérique acide. Application en

région caennaise (M.F. POUET) par S. Déruelle - Informations. Nouvelles publications.

Vie de l'association (Secrétariat Richard LALLEMANT, Univ. Nantes, Lab. Biol

Cytophysiol. végét., 2 rue de la Houssiniére, F-44072 Nantes Cedex).

Herbiers

Au centre de l'Institut de Botanique, dans des locaux spécialement aménagés en 1967

pour le rangement et la conservation, sont conservées les collections botaniques de W.P.

SCHIMPER, H. MUEHLENBECK, WALLROTH et C.G. NEES ab ESENBECK. Pour

tout renseignement: Prof. A. Gagnieu et H. Duranton, Lab. Physiol. végét., Institut Bota-

nique, 28 rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex).

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1989, 10 (4): 361-366 361

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQU!

D. LAMY

Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris

Systématique, Nomenclature

89-359 ENGEL J.J. and SCHUSTER R.M. - An overview and evaluation of the genera of

Geocalycaceae subfamily Lophocoleoideae (Hepaticae). Nova Hedwigla 1984, 39(3-4):

385-463, 10 fig. (Dept. Bot, Field Mus. Nat. HisL, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore

Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA)

Révision des 11 genres de la sous-famille des Lophocoleoideae, en utilisant les perspec-

tives historiques et le développement des concepts pour différencier les genres. Nouvelle

définition du genre Heteroscyphus comprenant les taxons tempérés de l'hémisphère Sud et

subantarctiques. Les 22 Chiloscyphus ayant cette distribution sont transférés sous

Heteroscyphus. Tetracymbaliella est considéré comme sous-genre d Heteroscyphus, d'où 5

transferts. Redéfinition du genre Chiloscyphus incluant les sous-genres: — Fragillfolia,

Lophocolea, Notholophocolea, Phaeolophocolea subgen. nov. (esp. type: C. hookeri),

Chiloscyphus, Heteroscyphus et Tetracymbaliella, 233 transferts de Lophocolea vers

Chiloscyphus. Origine et évolution du complexe3 Chiloscyphus - Lophocolea -

Heteroscyphus.

89-360 FRAHM J.P. - Campylopus Brid. 1. Subgenus Thysanomitrion (Schwaegr.) Kindb.

emend. J.-P. Frahm. Nova Hedwigia 1984, 39(3-4): 585-621, 16 pl, 1 carte (Univ.

Duisburg, Fachbereich 6, Bot., Postfach 101629, D-4100 Duisburg).

Clé, ill, descr., distr. des 14 esp. de Campylopus subgen. Thysanomitrion. 30 nouv.

syn.

89-361 GRIFFIN D. III - The nomenclatural type of Venturiella sinensis (Vent.) C. Muell.

var. angusti-annulata Griff. & Sharp. Phytologia 1985, 57(1): 58 (Dept, Bot. & Florida

State Mus., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A.).

89-362 GROLLE R. - Zur Kenntnis der Lejeunevideae in Cuba (1): Cyclolejeunea. Wiss. Z.

Friedrich-Schiller-Univ., Jena, Naturwiss. Reihe 1984, 33(6): 759-764 (Sekt. Biol,

Friedrich-Schiller-Univ., Goetheallee 26, DDR-6900 Jena).

Nouveaux critères pour différencier Prionolejeunea de Cyclolejeunea. A Cuba, le genre

Cyclolejeunea est représenté par 2 taxons: C. convexistipa et C. luteola (Spruce) c.n. (=

Lejeunea ), nouv. synonymes. Le genre Cyclolejeunea est divisé en 3 sous-genres:

Cyclolejeunea (C. convexistipa), Nephrolejeunea (C. luteola), el Hyalolejeunea subgen. nov.

( C. accedens).

89-363 ISOVIITA P. and KOPONEN T. - Proposal to conserve Rhodobryum against

Rhodo-bryum (Musci, Bryaceae). Taxon 1984, 33(4) 736-739 (Bot. Mus., Univ.

Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44, SF-00170 Helsinki 17).

Source : MNHN, Paris

362 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

Rhodobryum (Schimper) Limpricht 1892 nom. cons. prop. T: R. roseum (Hedw.)

Limpr. ( Mnium roseum Hedw.) - Rhodo-bryum Hampe 1874 nom. rej. prop. T :

leucocanthum Hampe (= R. aubertii (Schwaegr.) Thériot ( Mnium auberti )).

89-364 LIN S.H. - Notes on the nomenclatural changes in Taiwan mosses. J. Taiwan Mus.

1984, 37(2): 55 (Dept. Biol., Tunghai Univ., Taiwan 40704, Rep. China).

89-365 NISHIMURA N. - Ectropothecium ptychofolium Nishimura, nom. mov. for a

Bornean moss Prychophyllum borneense Broth. Bull. Natl. Sci, Ser. B (Bot.) 1984,

10(3): 153-158, 2 fig. (Hiruzen Res. Inst., Okayama Univ. Sci., Kawakami-son, Maniwa-

Gun, Okayama 717-06, Japan).

89-366 SCHUSTER R.M. - Australian Hepaticae XIX. Some taxa new to New Zealand and

New Caledonia. Phytologia 1985, 56(7): 449-464 (Cryptog. Lab., Hadley, Mass 01035,

USA).

Clé et diagnoses aux Aneura el Riccardia nouveaux; diagn. de taxons nouv. dans les

genres Acroscyphus, Herzogianihus, Cololejeunea, Cheilolejeunea, Treubia, Reboulia, et

Dumortiera.

Voir aussi: 89-367, 89-369, 89-370, 89-375, 89-397, 89-401, 89-402, 89-404, 89-410.

Anatomie, Morphologie

89-367 DEGUCHI H. - Study on Therotia kashmirensis (Diphysciaceae, Musci). Bull. Natl.

Sci. Mus., Ser. B (Bot.) 1984, 10(3): 143-152, 2 cartes, 3 fig. (Dept. Biol., Fac. Sci,

Kochi Univ., Akebono-cho, Kochi 780, Japan).

Descr., ill. de Therotia kashmirensis nouv. pour le Japon. Distinction entre Therotía et

Diphysclum.

89-368 POCOCK K. and DUCKETT J.G. - On the occurence of branched and swollen

rhizoids in British hepatics: their relationships with the substratum and associations with

fungi. New Phytol. 1985, 99 (2): 281-304, 7 fig., 2 tabl. (School Biol. Sci., Queen Mary

College, Mile End Road, London El 4NS, UK).

206 des 284 hépatiques britanniques étudiées présentent des rhizoides ramifiés et

renflés, principalement chez les Jungermanniales, et quelques Metzgeriineae, pas du tout

chez les Marchantideae. Fonction de ces rhizoides ramifiés, rôle des champignons dans

l'absorption par les terminaisons renflées.

89-369 RUSHING A.E. - Spore morphology in the genus Bruchia Schwaegr. (Musci).

Amer. J. Bot. 1985, 72(1); 75-85, 16 fig. (Dept. Bot, College of Agriculture, Auburn

University, Alabama 36849-4201, U.S.A.).

La microscopie électronique à balayage permet de distinguer 4 types de spores selon

l'ornementation de la face distale chez les Bruchia. Ce caractère taxonomique important

confirme la division en 2 sous-genres et les affinités avec le genre Trematodon.

Voir aussi: 89-360, 89-361, 89-383, 89-384, 89-404.

Physiologie, Chimie

39-370 ASAKAWA Y., HARRISON L.J. and TOYOTA M. - Occurence of a potent

piscicidal diterpenidial in the liverwort Riccardia lobata var. ^ yakushimensis.

Phytochemistry 1985, 24(2): 261-262 (Fac. Pharmaceut. Sci, Tokushima Bunri Univ.,

Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770, Japan).

Présence de sacculatal et isosacculatal, produits piscicides, chez Riccardia lobata var.

yakushimensis. La présence des mêmes sacculatals chez cette variété et Pellia endivilfolia

suggére un ancêtre commun aux deux taxons.

Source - MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 363

89-371 BROWN D.H. and BECKETT R.P. - Intracellular and extracellular uptake of

Cadmium by the moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus. Ann. Bot. (London) 1985, 55(2):

179-188, 7 tabl., 4 fig. (Dept. Bot., The University, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK).

Caractéristiques et cinétique de l'absorption intra- et extracellulaire de cadmium par

Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus. Comparaison avec Peltigera

89-372 CHIU P.L., PATTERSON G.W. and FENNER G.P. - Sterols of bryophytes.

Phytochemistry 1985, 24(2): 263-266, 4 tabl. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Maryland, College Park,

MD 20742, U.S.A.).

Stérols majeurs chez 4 hepatiques, 1 mousse et 1 sphaigne.

89-373 EINSENBEISER LE. - Polarization during activation of divisional functions in two-

cell-systems isolated from mature tissue of Riella helicophylla (Bory et Mont.) Mont. J.

PL Physiol. 1985, 118(2): 153-164, 5 tabl., 7 fig. (Arb. Pflanzenphysiol., Fachber.

Biol./Chem., Univ. Gesamthochschule Kassel, Postfach 101380, D-3500 Kassel).

Le degré de synthèse d'ARN nucléolaire est différent dans les deux cellules. Dans la

plupart des cas, une seul cellule procéde à la systrophie, à la synthése d'ADN, à la division

nucléaire et à la régénération.

89-374 ISHIDA A, ONO K., and MATSUSAKA T. - Cell wall-associated peroxidase in

cultured cells of liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha L. Changes of peroxidase level and

its localization in the cell wall. PL Cell Rep. 1985, 4(2): 54-57, 1 tabl., 2 fig. (Dept. Biol.,

Fac. Sci., Kumamoto Univ., Kumamoto 860, Japan).

89-375 MATSUO A, NAKAYAMA N. and NAKAYAMA M. - Enantiomeric type

sesquiterpernoids of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Phytochemistry 1985, 24(4):

777-181 (Dept. Chem., Fac. Sci., Hiroshima Univ., Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730, Japan).

La présence d'une série de ent-sesquiterpenoides chez Marchantia polymorpha suggère

une stéréospécificité de la biogenése des sesquiterpénoides chez les hépatiques et une po-

sition taxonomique spéciale de celles-ci dans le règne végétal.

89-376 PEÑUELAS J. - HCOy as an exogenous carbon source for aquatic bryophytes

Fontinalis antipyretica and Fissidens grandifrons. J. Exp. Bot. 1985, 36(164): 441-448, 5

fig. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona).

Seule Fontinalis antipyretica est capable d'utiliser HCOy et CO, comme source

exogéne de carbone pour la photosynthése.

89-377 ROHWER F. and BOPP M. - Ethylene synthesis in moss protonema. J. PI. Physiol.

1985, 117(4): 331-338, 3 fig., 3 tabl. (Bot. Inst., Univ. Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld

360, D-6900 Heidelberg).

La synthèse d'éthylène dépend du stade de développement du protonéma et est lié à

l'AIA exogene.

89-378 RUDOLPH H. and SAMLAND J. - Occurence and metabolism of Sphagnum acid

in the walls of bryophytes. Phyrochemistry 1985, 24(4): 745-749, à fig. (Bot. Inst., Univ.

Kiel, Biologiezentrum, Olshausenstr. 40, D-2300 Kiel).

L’acide sphagnique n'est pas présent en dehors de l'ordre des Sphagnales. Relation en-

tre cet acide et l'activité peroxydase; effet du glyphosate sur la synthèse de cet acide.

89-379 SATO N. and FURUYA M. - Distribution of diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine and

phosphati-dyicholine in non-vascular green plants. Pl. Sci. 1985, 38(2): 81-85, 2 tabl

(Dept. Bot., Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan).

0 TITUS J.E. and WAGNER D.J. - Carbon balance for two Sphagnum mosses: water

balance resolves a physiological paradox. Ecology 1984, 65(6): 1765-1774, 3 tabl., 7 fig.

(Dept. Biol. Sci., State Univ. New York, Binghamton, New York 13901, U.S.A.).

89-381 WOODIN S., PRESS M.C. and LEE J.A. - Nitrate reductase activity in Sphagnum

fuscum in relation to wet deposition of nitrate from the atmosphere. New Phytol. 1985,

99(3): 381-388, 6 fig. (Dept. Bot., The University, Manchester M13 9PL, UK).

89-

Source : MNHN, Paris

364 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

Le dépôt humide de nitrate représente une source importante d'azote pour les

sphaignes ombrotrophiques. Relation étroite entre la physiologie de Sphagnum fuscum et

l'environnement; la pollution atmosphérique entraînant de sérieuses perturbations.

Voir aussi: 89-401.

Répartition, Ecologie, Sociologie

89-382 BECK E, MAGDEFRAU K. and SENSER M. - Globular mosses. Flora 1986,

178(1): 73-83, 1 tabl, 8 fig. (Bot. Inst, Univ. Bayreuth, Postfach 3008, D-8580

Bayreuth).

Phytogéogr., taxonomie, structure, physiologie des balles de mousses, lenticulaires à

sphériques, sur sols nus, sous conditioris climatiques subarctiques.

89-383 BISANG I. - Plagiochila exigua (Tayl.) Tayl. new in Mitteleuropa. Herzogia 1985,

7(1-2): 1-12, 3 fig., 1 tabl. (SysL-Geobot. Inst. Univ., Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern).

Descr., écol. de la station du Ticino (Suisse) où a été trouvé Plagiochila exigua. Descr.

du taxon.

89-384 COLE M. - Thallose liverworts and hornworts of Costa Rica. Brenesia 1984, 2:

319-348, 15 fig. (College Human Med., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA).

Clé, descr. des genres d'hépatiques et d'anthocérotes avec esp. présentes au Costa

Rica. Glossaire.

89-385 COMPS B. LETOUZEY J. et TIMBAL J. - Etude systématique des hêtraies

pyrénéennes et des régions limitrophes (Espagne et Piémont aquitain). Phyrocoenologia

1986, 14(2): 145-236, 5 graph. 2 cartes, 23 tabl. (Lab. Bot, Univ. Bordeaux I, av.

Facultés, F-33405 Talence Cedex).

Descr. des associations réparties dans les 3 sous-all. du Fagion:

Cephalanthero-Fagenion, le Scillo-Fagenion et le Luzulo-Fagenion. Bryophytes associés.

89-386 DÜLL-HERMANNS I. - Verbreitungskarten von Mooser in Deutschland VI.

Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) B., S. et G. var. abietinum, var. a. fo. intermedium

Loeske und var. Aystricosum (Mitt.) Loeske. Herzogia 1985, 7(1-2): 131-143, 4 cartes

(Hochend 62a, D-4137 Rheurdt).

89-387 GIL J.A. and RUIZ P. - The aquatic basophilous bryophytic communities of South

East Spain. Herzogia 1985, 7(1-2): 211-228, 5 tabl., 4 fig. (Dept. Bot, Fac. Ciencias,

Univ, Granada, Granada, Spain).

Descr. de 4 assoc. de la classe Plaryhypnidio-Fontinaletea antipyreticae Philippi 1956,

communautés basophiles aquatiques, dans le SE de l'Espgane.

89-388 GRIMS F. - Beitrag zur Moosfora von Oberösterreich. Herzogia 1985, 7(1-2):

247-257 (Gadern 27, A-4775 Taufkirchen;Pram).

31 hépatiques et 61 mousses nouvelles ou rares de l'Oberósterrecih, avec loc.

89-389 HÜBSCHMANN A. von - Überblick über die epilitischen Moosgesellschaften

Zentraleuropas. Phytocoenologia 1984, 12(4): 495-538, 6 tabl.(Táubnerstr. 8, D-3078

Stolzenau Weser).

Composition, écol., distr, de 50 ass. bryophyt. de l'Europe centrale. Ces communautés

Spurious se divisent en 2 classes: le Grimmio-Rhacomitrietea sur rochers siliceux et le

Tortulo-Homalothecietea sericei sur rochers calcaires.

89-390 KIENZLE U. - Origano-Brachypodietum und Colchico-Brachypodietum, zwei

Brachwiesen-Geselischaften im Schweizer Jura. Phytocoenologia 1984,12(4): 455-478, 3

fig., 2 tabl. (Sandweg 30, CH-4123 Allschwil).

Descr. de l' Origano- et Colchico-Brachypodierum, communautés des prairies du Jura

Suisse, au sud de Bale, Bryophytes associés.

89-391 KLAWITTER J von Bryum barnesii Wood. in Schimp. in Berlin (West).

Herzogia 1985, 7(1-2): 225-298, 1 fig. (Marschnerstr. 22, D-1000 Berlin 45).

Source - MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 365

89-392 KOLBEK J. - Malo známá rostlinná společenstva Chranémé krajinné oblasti.

Preslia 1985, 57(2): 151-169, 5 tabl., en tchèque, rés. all. et angl. (Bot. ust. ČSAV, 252

43 Pruhonice, Ceskoslovensko).

Descr. de 14 communautés non forestières en Bohême centrale; relevés phytocénol.;

bryophytes et lichens associés.

89-393 KRISAI R. - Ein Beitrag zur Moosflora des Lungaues in Salzburg. Bryologische

Ergebnisse der Lungau-Exkursion der bryologisch-lichenologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft

im September 1981. Herzogia 1985, 7(1-2} 191-209, 1 carte (Linzen Str. 18, A-5280

Braunau am Inn.).

Deser. du bassin de Lungau, Autriche SE, Liste des loc., des bryophytes avec loc.

89-394 LIN S.H, TSAI C.C. - Notes on a preliminary survey of the High Mountain

Bryophytes and Lichens in Taiwan - with special reference to the moss floristic

relationships between Taiwan High Mountains and adjacent regions. J. Taiwan Mus.

1984, 37(2): 81-100, 1 tabl. (Dept. Biol, Tunghai Univ., Taitung, Taiwan, Rep. China).

Liste de 181 bryophytes et lichens avec loc. des régions de haute altitude de Taiwan.

Comparaison de la flore bryol avec celles du Japon, de l'Himalaya, de la Chine, des

Philippines et de Borneo.

89-395 MAURER W. - Neue Beitrage zur Moosflora von Steiermark IV. Herzogia 1985,

7(1-2): 299-303 (Kossgasse 11a, A-8010 Graz).

Liste de 27 bryophytes avec loc. en Styrie.

89-396 MEINUNGER L. - Bryologische Beobachtungen zwischen Ostsee und Ergebirge.

Herzogia 1985, 7(1-2): 229-242 (Schottlandstr. 16, DDR-6406 Steinach).

60 bryophytes nouv. ou intéressants avec loc. de la Rép. Démocratique allemande.

89-397 MENZEL M. - Katalog der Lebermoose von Peru. Willdenowia 1984 1985, 14(2):

473-523, 1 tabl, 1 fig. (Bot. Gart. & Bot. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem, Kónigin-Luise-Str. 6-8,

D-1000 Berlin 33).

Catalogue de 508 esp. d'hépatiques (avec réf. bibliogr.) d'après la littérature de 1833 à

1983; 67 esp. sont exclues: historique des explorations au Pérou. Notes taxonom. pour cer-

tains taxons.

89-398 RISSE S. - Pohlia lescuriana (Sull.) Grout und Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe

als Ackermoose. Namur & Heimat 1985, 45(2): 41-47, 2 tabl., 2 fig. (Milkdelle 3, D-4300

Essen 1).

89-399 RISSE S. - Verbreitung epiphytischer Moose am Rande-des Ruhrgebietes (TK

254608). Decheniana 1985, 138: 13-16, 1 fig. (Ibidem).

Cartographie de 32 esp. épiphytes de l'aire de Velbert, bord $ de la zone industrielle de

la Ruhr.

89-400 SCHAFER-VERWIMP A. - Moosvegetation und Moosflora des Naturschutzgebietes

Halbinsel Mettnau. .ITAL3 Herzogia 1985, 7(1-2) 279-294, | fig, 1 tabl

(Montfortstrasse 28, D-7993 Kressbronn).

Descr., écol. de la réserve naturelle de Radolfzell (Péninsule de Mettnau) oü 75 mous-

ses et 9 hépatiques ont été récoltées. Ecol. de Scorpidium murgescens.

89-401 STEINER G. - Autôkologie Studien an Moorpflanzen 1. Charakterisierung der

wichtigsten Pflanzensippen oligotroph-saurer Moore auf Grund ihrer Kationengehalte.

Flora 1985, 176(1-2) 37-60, 10 fig. (Inst. Pflanzenphysiol, Univ., A-1091 Wien,

Althanstrasse 14, Pf 285).

Lors de 692 relevés, analyse des contenus en K, Ca, Mg, Mn et Fe de 28 esp. réparties

en 9 familles, pour essayer de caractériser les familles des plantes par leurs cations selon les

concepts de Duvigneaud et Denaeyer-DeSmet.

89-402 VANA J. - Notes on some African Hepatic Genera 6-9. Folia Geobot. Phytotax.

1985, 20(1): 81-99, 2 fig. (Dept. Cryptog. Bot., Charles Univ., 12801 Praha 2, Benatska

2, Czechoslovakia).

Source : MNHN, Paris

366 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

Notes taxonom., écol. d'hépatiques en Afrique: 3 Syzygiella, Allisoniella nigra nouv.

pour l'Afrique. Résumé des connaissances sur les Gymnomitriaceae en Afrique

subsaharienne.

89-403 VIRCENKO V.M. - Sphagnum mosses of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe in the

Ukrainian SSR. Ukrajins’k. Bot. Zurn. 1985, 42(2): 92-93, en ukrainien, rés, angl. (Inst.

Bot. M.G. Kolodnogo, AN URSR, Kiev, USSR).

89-404 WIERSMA P. - Moosflora and vegetation of Saba and St. Eustatius (West Indies).

Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Werenschapen Ser. C Biol. Med. Sci. 1984, 87(3); 337-348, 4 pl.

(Inst, Syst. Bot., Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, The Netherlands).

Relations entre les mousses et les communautés végétales à Saba et à St Eustatius, où

48 esp. et 40 esp. respectivement sont présentes. 27 sont communes aux deux iles. Clé aux

esp.

Voir aussi: 89-359, 89-360, 89-361, 89-366, 89-367, 89-408, 89-438, 89-442, 89-446.

Pollution

Voir: 89-381, 89-442.

Documentation, Histoire des Sciences

89-405 Anonyme - RNDr. Josef Duda, CSc.-60 let. Preslia 1985, 57(2): 180-190, photo.

Notes biographiques et publications depuis 1948 de J. Duda,

89-406 BOREL - Centenaire du Jardin Nicolas Boulay. S. l. 1985, 6 p. (605 rue du

Pont, Auchy-lés-Orchies, F-59310 Orchies).

89-407 BOREL A. - Jardin Botanique Boulay 1885-1985. Lille: Fac. Libre Sci., juin 1985,

4 p., carte (Ibidem).

89-408 GREENE S.W. and HARRINGTON A.J. - The conspectus of bryological taxonomic

literature. Part 2. Guide to national and regional literature. Bryophyt. Biblioth. 1989, 37:

1-321 (A.J.H.: Dept. Bot., Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist), Cromwell Road, London SW7 SBD,

UK)

Références bibliographiques ayant trait à la taxonomie des bryophytes aux niveaux na-

tional ou régional et comportant des flores, des listes, des bibliogr., des revues d'exploration

.. ll est fait une large sélection des ouvrages les plus á-jour et des publications anciennes es-

Sentielles; la plupart des réf. ont moins de 50 ans. Leurs régions et pays, soigneusement

délimités, sont placés en ordre alphabétique avec les réf. y afférant. De nombreux renvois

permettent de s'y retrouver. Les réf. comportent le plus souvent une bréve analyse. Une lis-

le des périodiques et ouvrages bibliogr. dépouillés, un index des auteurs complètent cet ex-

cellent guide.

Ouvrages généraux

89-409 LIN S.H. - Introduction to Bryophytes. Taipei: Taiwan Museum, 1988, 78 p., pho-

tos coul., en chinois (Dept. Biol., Tunghai Univ., Taitung, Taiwan 40704, Rep. China).

Généralités sur les bryophytes, modes de récolte, caractéres gén. des familles avec

quelques taxons caractéristiques. Ecologie.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1989, 10 (4): 367-372 367

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

D. LAMY

Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris

Systématique, Nomenclature

89-410 BRUS A. - Dermatiscum fallax (Physciaceae), a new lichen from Southern

Africa. Mycotaxon 1986, 25(1): 161-164, 1 fig. (Bot. Res. Inst, Private Bag X101,

Pretoria, South Africa).

Diagn., descr., ill, de Dermatiscum fallax sp. nov. d'Afrique du Sud, affine de D.

thunbergii,

89-411 BRUSSE F. - Two new species of Parmelia (Lichenes) from Southern Africa. Sourh

African J. Bot. 1986, 52: 105-108, 4 fig. (Ibidem).

Diagn., descr., ill, affinité de Parmelia bibax et P. usitata sp. nov. d'Afrique du Sud.

89-412 GOWARD T. - Ahtiana, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae. Bryologist 1985

1986, 88(4): 367-371, 1 fig. 2 tabl. (Herbarium, Dept. Bot., Univ. British Columbia,

British Columbia VéT 2B1, Canada).

Diagn., descr., ill. d' 4htiana gen. nov. (esp. type: A. sphaeorosporella (Müll. Arg.)

cn. (= Parmelia), isolé de Parmelia s.str., phylogénétiquement affine de Cetraria s. lat.

Ahtiana sphaerosporella et son principal phorophyte, Pinus albicaulis, ont une distrib. simi-

laire.

89-413 ERIKSSON D. and SANTESSON R. - Lasiosphaeriopsis stereocaulicola.

Mycotaxon 1986, 25(2): 569-580, 5 fig. (Inst. Ecol. Bot., Univ. Umea, S-90187 Umea).

Sphaeria stereocaulicola Lindsay, champignon lichénicole, est transféré sous

Lasiosphaeriopsis D. Hawksw. & Sivanesan.

39-414 HALE M.E. and AHTI T. - An earlier name for Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.)

Choisy (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae). Taxon 1986, 35(1) 133-134 (Dept. Bot,

Smithsonian Inst., Washington DC 20560, USA)

Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) c.n. (= Lichen chinensis Osbeck 1757) est le nom cor-

rect pour Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) Choisy.

89-415 HALE M.E. Jr. - New species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina).

Mycotaxon 1986, 25(1): 85-93, 12 fig. (Ibidem).

Diagn., descr. ill de Bulborhrix australiensis (Australie), B. lopezii (Venezuela), B.

oliveirai (Brésil), Hypotrachyna meridensis (Panama, Guatemala), Parmotrema betaniae

(Venezuela), P. catarinae, P. fumarprotocetraricum Marcelli & Hale, P. lobulatum Marc. &

Hale, P. madilynae Flechter et P. schindleri du Brésil, P. sorediiferum et P. virescens du

Venezuela.

89-416 HALE M.F. Jr. - Arctoparmelia, a new genus in the Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina).

Mycotaxon 1986, 25(1): 251-254, 3 fig. (Ibidem).

Source : MNHN. Paris

368 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

Le groupe des Xanthoparmelia centrifuga est reconnu comme un genre distinct:

Arctoparmelia, sur la base de critères morphol., chimiques et de répartition. Parmelia

aleuritica, Lichen centrifuga (esp. type), Lichen incurvesta, Parmelia separata, P.

subcentrifuga font partie de ce nouveau genre.

89-417 HALE M.E. Jr. - Flavoparmelia, a new genus in the lichen family Parmeliaceae

(Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 1986, 25(2): 603-605 (Ibidem).

Le genre Pseudoparmelia Lynge est limité aux 4 esp. tropicales: P. cyphellata, P.

chapadensis, P. hypomilta et P. sphaerospora. Sur les 72 esp. assignées à Pseudoparmelia, 17

contenant de l'acide usnique (le groupe P. caperata) forment le nouveau genre

Flavoparmelia (digan., descr., 17 comb. nouv.).

89-418 HENSSEN A. BÜDEL B. and NASH III T.H. - Three new species of Lichinella

described from Mexico. Bryologist 19851986, 88(: 285-292, 31 fig. (Fachber. Biol,

Univ. Marburg, D-3550 Marburg, Lahn).

Diagn., descr, ill. de Lichinella intermedia, L. flexa et L. robustoides esp. nouv. du

Mexique; comparaison avec les autres taxons du genre. Noter certaines affinités entre L.

intermedia et Gonohymenia. Présence de galles dues à un pyrénomycéte lichénicole chez L.

flexa et L. robustoides. Nouv. loc. pour d'autres taxons du genre.

89-419 HE EN A. - Edwardiella mirabilis, a holocarpous lichen from Marion Island.

Lichenologist 1986, 18(1): 51-56, 7 fig. (Ibidem).

Diagn., descr. ill d' Edwardiella gen. nov. des Lichinaceae, monospécifique: E.

mirabilis sp. nov., lichen holocarpe. C'est un lichen in stam nascendi dans lequel les colonies

de Gloeocapsa sont envahies par le mycobionte et se développent directement en apothécie

ou en pycnidie. Noter les comb. nouv.: Gonohymenia nigritella (Lettau) (= Thyrea ) et G.

hondoana (Zahlbr.) (= Thyrea).

89-420 SIPMAN H.J.M. - Additional notes on the lichen family Megalosporaceae.

Wilidenowia 1986, 15(2): 557-564, 2 fig.

Descr. de Megalospora admixta (Nyl.) (= Lecidea) et M. disjuncta sp. nov. de

Nouvelle-Zélande. Nouveaux synonymes. Extension d'aire pour M. marginiflexa var.

dimota et M. sulphurata var. nigricans. M. subtuberculosa nouv. pour la Nouvelle-Zélande.

89-421 SWINSCOW T.D.V. and KROG H. - A new species in the genus Collema from

East Africa. Lichenologist 1986, 18(1): 63-70, 11 fig. (24 Monmouth Street, Topsham,

Exeter, EX3 OAI,

Diagn., descr., ill. de Collema laevisporum sp. nov. de Tanzanie, alf. de C. callibotrys.

Voir aussi: 89-423, 89-424, 89-427.

Morphologie, Anatomie

89-422 BUBRICK P. and GALUN M. - Spore to spore resynthesis of Xanthoria parietina.

Lichenologist 1986, 18(1): 47-49, 1 fig. (Dept. Pl. Pathol, Univ. California, Riverside,

CA 92521, USA).

89-423 KROG H. and SWINSCOW T.D.V. - Solarina simensis and S. saccata.

Lichenologist 1986, 18(1): 57-62, 1 tabl., 2 fig. (Bot. Mus., Univ. Oslo, Trondheimsveien

23B, N-0562 Oslo)

Solarina simensis Hochst. ex Flotow diffère de S. saccata (L.) Ach. par l'ornemen-

tation de la spore, les propriétés chimiques, l'apothécie plane et l'algue bleue en

photobionte. Notes à propos de S. crocoides (Nyl.) Hue.

89-424 SERUSIAUX E. - The nature and origin of campylidia in lichenized fungi.

Lichenologist 1986, 18(1): 1-35, 1 tabl., 79 fig. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Liège, Sart Tilman,

B-4000 Liège).

Nature et origine des campylidia, structures érigées en forme de casque des lichens

folicoles habituellement nommés Pyrenotrichum. L'origine apothéciale de ces structures

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE 369

n'est pas démontrée dans tous les cas. Noter Loflammia demoulinii sp, nov. de Nouvelle-

Guinée.

Voir aussi: 89-410, 89-411, 89-415, 89-418, 89-419, 89-420, 89-421, 89-448.

Cytologie, Ultrastructure

89-425 ASCASO C., BROWN D.H. and RAPSCH S. - The ultrastructure of the

phycobiont of desiccated and hydrated lichens. Lichenologist 1986, 18(1): 37-46, 3 tabl., 9

fig. (Inst. Edafol. & Biol. Veg., CSIC, Serrano 115 bis, F-28006 Madrid).

Effets de différents traitements de stockage sur Vultrastructure des phycobiontes de

Lobaria amplissima (Myrmecia) et Lasallia pustulata (Trebouxia). Résultats discutés en

termes d'utilisation et de mobilisation des substances de réserve et des préférences

écologiques des 2 lichens.

Physiologie, Chimie

89-426 BRUNNER U. and HONEGGER R. - Chemical and ultrastructural studies on the

distribution of sporopolleninlike biopolymers in six genera of lichen phycobionts. Canad.

J. Bot. 1985, 63(12): 2221-2230, 16 fig, 2 tabl. (Inst. PL Biol, Univ. Zürich,

Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich).

Méthodes cytol. et chimiques pour déterminer la présence de revêtement trilamellaires

et(ou) de polymères résistants dans les parois cellulaires de Coccomyxa, Elliptochloris,

Myrmecia, Pseudochlorella, Trebouxia et Trentepohlia. Présence de couches trilamellaires

dans les trois premiers genres, les deux premiers présentant des biopolyméres proches des

sporopollénines naturelles. Observation de résidus résistant à Vacétolyse proches des

sporopollénines dans les cellules entières ou les parois cellulaires des 6 genres étudiés.

89-427 CULBERSON C.F, CULBERSON W.L. and JOHNSON A. - Orcinol-type

depsides and depsidones in the lichens of the Cladonia chlorophaea group (Ascomycotina,

Cladoniaceae). Bryologist 19851986, 88(4): 380-387, 16 fig., 2 tabl. (Dept. Bot, Duke

Univ., Durham, NC 27706, USA).

Mise en évidence de 5 nouv. produits lichéniques (ac. depsidones sténosporonique et

divaronique, et ac. metadepside hyperhomosekikaique, submerochlorophaeique et

subpaludosique) dans les esp. du groupe Cladonia chlorophaea et dans les genres

Neofuscelia, Parmelia, Ramalina et Physcidia. Structures chimiques par chromatographie et

spectrométrie de masse.

89-428 HANKO B., LEUCKERT C. and AHTI T. - äge zur Chemotaxonomie der

Gattung Ochrolechia (Lichenes) in Europa. Nova Hedwigia 1986, 42(1): 165-199, 2 tabl.

(Inst. Syst. Bot. & Pflanzengeogr., FU Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-1000 Berlin 33).

Chromatographie en couche mince de 600 échantillons d' Ochrolechia (16 esp.),

spectrométrie de masse et chromatogramme spectral pour la plupart. Composés majeurs:

acides gyrophorique, olivétorique, alectoronique, variolarique, lichéxanthone, ac.

lichestérinique, murolique et néodihydromurolique. Prépondérance d'ac. alectorialique chez

O. geminipara qui appartient aux Pertusaria. Localisation de l'ac. gyrophorique et de quel-

ques autres composés.

89-429 LARSON D.W. and CAREY C.K. - Phenotypic variation within individual lichen

thalli. Amer. J. Bot. 1986, 73(2): 214-223, 2 tabl., 6 fig. (Dept. Bot, Univ. Guelph,

Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1, Canada).

Variation horizontale de l'activité physiologique ou du phénotype enzymatique dans la

largeur du diamètre d Umbilicaria vellea et d' U. mammulata. Il est possible que le concept

d'individu soit inutilisable pour ces organismes.

Source : MNHN, Paris

370 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

89-430 LARSON D.W., MATTHES-SEARS U. and NASH III T.H. - The ecology of

Ramalina menziesii. 11. Variation in water relation and tensile strength across an inland

gradient. Canad. J. Bot. 1986, 64(1): 6-10, 4 fig., 2 tabl. (Ibidem).

La variation morphologique de Ramalina menziesii est le résultat imposé par un envi-

ronnement qui demeure en permanence humide, frais et salé.

89-431 PÉREZ-URRIA E., LEGAZ M.E. and VICENTE C. - The function of nickel on the

urease activity of lichen Evernia prunastri. Pl. Sci. 1986, 43(1): 37-43, 5 fig, 2 tabl.

(Dept. Pl. Physiol, The Lichen Team, Fac. Biol., Complutense Univ., E-28040 Madrid).

Voir aussi: 89-371, 89-416, 89-417, 89-423, 89-439.

Répartition, Ecologie, Sociologie

89-432 C KI S.- Porosty muraw kserotermicznych na kemach w pólnocnej czesci

Równiny Bielskiej - The lichens of xerothermic grasslands on kames of the northern part

of the Bielsk Plain (North-Eastern Poland). Fragm. Florist. Geobor. 19831986, 29(3-4):

435-449, 6 fig., 2 tabl., en polonais, rés. angl. (Dept. Bot., Inst. Biol., Teacher Training

College, Kielce, Poland).

Evaluation de la contribution des lichens aux communautés végétales xérothermiques

de la classe du Festuco-Brometea.

89-433 EL-OQLAH A.A. and LAHHAM J.N. - Lichens from the Northern part of Jordan,

Nova Hedwigia 1986, 42(1): 201-205, 1 fig. (Dept. Biol. Sci, Yarmouk Univ., Irbid,

Jordan).

Liste avec loc, et habitat de 38 lichens en Jordanie N.

89-434 FALTYNOWICZ W. - Porosty Bielawskiego Blota-stan aktualny i zmiany po

trzydriestu latach dewastacji torfowiska - The lichens of the Bielawiski Bloto peat bog

(Northern Poland) - their current state and the changes resulting from thirty years des-

truction of the peat bog. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 19831986, 29(3-4):415-434, 2 fig., en

polonais, rés. angl (Dept. Pl. Ecol, & Nat Protect, Univ, Gdańsk, Czolgistow 46,

PL-81-378 Gdynia),

En 1981, inventaire de 98 lichens dont 31 sont nouv. pour la région; 21 lichens

signalés par Tobolewski en 1954 et 1962 n'ont pas été retrouvés. La lichénoflore est plus ri-

che qu'il y a trente ans. Augmentation due nombre des terricoles du à la disparition de la

tourbière. Liste des esp. avec habitat.

89-435 FALTYNOWICZ W., BUDZBON E. - Drugie stanowisko Cerralia nivalis (L.) Ach.

ma nizu Polskim - A second locality of Cetralia nivalis (L.) Ach. in the Polish lowland.

Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1983 1986, 29(3-4): 451-456, 3 fig. 1 tabl, en polonais, rés.

angl. (Ibidem)

89-436 GILBERT O.L. and FOX B.W. - A comparative study of the lichens occuring on the

geologically distinctive mountains Ben Loyal, Ben Hope and Foinaven. Lichenologist

1986, 18(1): 79-93, 5 fig, 3 tabl. (Dept. Landscape Architecture, The University,

Sheffield, $10 2TN, UK).

Comparaison des flores lichéniques sur quartzite, granulite Moine, syénite et schistes

calcaires dans les Highlands du N de l'Ecosse. Rôle de la minéralogie du substrat, et des

conditions climatiques locales. Noter Lecanora chlorophaeodes nouv. pour la Grande Breta-

gne.

89-437 HANSEN E.S. and GRAFF-PETERSEN P. - Lichens growing on the Ella Island

meteorite, Central East Greenland. Lichenologist 1986, 18(1): 71-78, 6 fig. (Bot. Mus.,

Univ. Copenhagen, Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen K).

Identification de 10 genres de lichens d'après les thalles et les apothécies mires ou jeu-

nes dans les fragments de météorites sur Ella Island, La colonisation dépend de la

minéralogie et de la chimie de ces fragments. Xanthoria préfère ceux ayant des minéraux ri-

ches en fer, Candellaria pas du tout.

Source - MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE 371

89-438 KENKEL N.C. - Structure and dynamics of jack pine stands near Elk Lake, Ontario:

a multivariate approach. Canad. J. Bot. 1986, 64(3); 486-497, 8 fig., 3 tabl. (Dept. PL

Sci., Univ. Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7).

L'analyse multivariable de 180 bosquets de cyprès en site sablonneux permet de

déterminer 10 types de végétation appartenant à 5 groupements écologiques. Dynamique.

Bryophytes et lichens associés.

89-439 LAMBINON J. et SERUSIAUX E. - Le genre Xanthoparmelia (Vainio) Hale

(Lichens) en Begique et dans les régions voisines. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 1985,

118(2): 205-211, 4 fig. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Liège, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège).

Clé , données phytogéogr. et chimiques des 5 Xanthoparmelia présents en Belgique.

89-440 LIPNICKI L. - Nowe stanowisko Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. na Pomorzu

Zachodnim - A new locality of Icamdophila ericetorum (L.) Ach. in Western Pomerania.

Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 19831986, 29(3-4): 457-459, 1 fig., en polonais, rés, angl. (Dept.

Taxonom., Pl. Geogr. & Nat. Protect., Mikolaj Kopernik Univ., Gagarina 9, PL-87-100

Torun).

89-441 NIMIS P.L. - Phytogeography and ecology of epiphytic lichens at the Southern Rim

of the Clay Belt (N-Ontario, Canada). Bryologist 19851986, 88(4): 315-324, 9 fig, 2

tabl. (Dept. Biol., Sez. Geobot. & Ecol. veg., Cas. Universita, 1-34100 Trieste).

Descr. de 8 types de communautés licheniques épiphytes à partir de 102 relevés dans

la région d'Elk Lake (Ontario N). Importance du pH. Interrelation phytogéogr. et écol.

Comparaison avec les Alpes Carniques (Italie).

89-442 PENTECOST A. and ROS! Changes in the cryptogam flora of the Wealden

sandrocks, 1688-1984. Bor. J. Linn. Soc. 1985, 90(3): 217-230, 3 fig., 2 tabl. (Dept. Biol.

Sci., Chelsea College, Univ. London, Hortensia Road, London SW10 0QX).

Inventaire de 29 algues, 90 lichens, 165 bryophytes et 8 fougères, dont 18 lichens, 21

bryophytes et 1 fougére n'ont pas été relocalisés depuis 300 ans. La pollution et les chan-

gements microclimatiques sont les responsables du déclin de la flore cryptogamique.

89-443 PIERVITTORI R. - Popolamenti lichenici epifiti: bois de la Tour, Saint-Nicolas

(Aosta). Rev. Valdotaine Hist, Nat. 1984, 38: 83-88, 2 tabl., | fig. (Dept. Biol. veg.,

Univ., Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 1-10125 Torino).

Végétation lichénique corticole des formations xériques épiphytes sur Pinus sylvestris

et Picea abies du bois de la Tour de St Nicolas (val d'Aoste), Appartenant à l'alliance

Usneion barbatae

89-444 PISUT I. - Die aktuelle Verbreitung einiger epiphytischen Flechtenarten in der

Slowakei. I. Sborn, Slov. Naf. Múz. Prir. Ved. 1985, 31: 3-26, 10 fig. (Slovenske narod.

muz., Prir. ustav, Csc- 814 36 Bratislava).

Distribution en Tchécoslovaquie de : Hypogymnia physodes, Lecanora conizaeoides,

Lobaria amplissima, L. pulmonaria, Menegazzia terebrata, Parmelia contorta, P. quercina,

Ramalina farinacea, R. fraxinea et Scoliciosporum chlorococcum.

89-445 PISUT L, LIŠKA J. - LiSajniky Slanských Vrchov. Sborn. Slov. Nar. Muz., Prir.

Ved. 1985, 31: 27-57, en tchèque, rés. allemand (Ibidem).

Végétation lichénique, écol., liste des lichens avec loc. en Slovaquie Ouest,

89-446 SCHUHWERK F. - Kryptogamengemeinschaften in Waldassoziationen - ein

methodischer Vorschlag zur Synthese. Phyrocoenologia 1986, 14(1); 79-108, 5 fig., 12

tabl, (Holzgartenstrasse 58, D-8400 Regensburg).

Intégration des thallophytes épiphytes au même titre que les macrophytes dans les

phytocenoses des forêts.

89-447 VERSEGHY K., FARKAS E. - Untersuchungen der Luftverunreinigung im Gebiet

von Budapest mit Hilfe der Flechtenkartierung als Indikatoren. Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest

Rolando Eötvös Nom. Sect. Biol, 1984 1986, 34-36: 163-184, 5 fg., 3 tabl. (Bot. Abt.,

Naturwissensch. Mus., Budapest).

Liste des lichens de Budapest et relation avec la pollution industrielle.

Source : MNHN, Paris

372 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

89-448 WILHELM G. and LADD D. - Macrolichenflora of Jackson County, Illinois. Trans.

Illinois Acad. Sci. 1985, 78(3): 209-232.

Clé, habitat, descr., abondance des 84 macrolichens de Jackson County; brève descr.

des 25 lichens nouv. pour le comté.

Voir aussi: 89-392, 89-394, 89-410, 89-411, 89-412, 89-415, 89-418, 89-419, 89-420, 89-421,

89-424.

Pollution

VERSEGHY K. - Lichens as indicators of air pollution in

. Air pollution map based on floristic data and heavy metal

the Budapest agglomeration,

concentration measurements. Acta Bot. Hung. 1985, 31(1-4): 45-68, 17 fig., 5 tabl. (Inst.

Ecol. & Bot, Hung. Acad. Sci., Vacratot, Hungary)

Carte des Zones de pollution selon la distr. des lichens épiphytes; comparaison avec la

carte de pollution SO; et distribution des lichens d'il y a 70 ans. Etude de la concentration

en Pb, Cd, Mn et Zn. Budapest ressemble à un désert lichénique en raison de la pollution

par le Pb et SO).

Voir aussi: 89-442, 89-447.

Documentation

89-450 TIBELL L. and GIBSON C.J. - Bower decoration with Usnea species in the Golden

Bower Bird. Lichenologist 1986, 18(1): 95-96, 1 fig. (Inst. Syst. Bot., Univ. Uppsala,

P.O. Box 541, $-75121 Uppsala)

Source : MNHN. Paris

INDEX

373

NDEX DU TOME 10

Compilé par D. LAMY

Il ne figure que la première page de l'article dans lequel est cité le taxon. Les

nouveautés taxonomiques sont indiquées en gras. Les taxons cités en synonymie

ou comme basionymes sont indiqués par “syn.” ou “bas.” Lorsque le numéro de

la page est suivi d'un nom de région, le taxon est considéré comme nouveau

pour celle-ci (ex. Acaulon triquetrum, 289 Navarre).

Bryophytes

Acer pseudoplatanus, 147

‘Additions and corrections for Philippine

moss flora, 235

Additions to the bryoflora of the Picos de

Europa, of Cantabria and the Iberian

Peninsula, 319

African neotropical, 297 Oreoweisia erosa

(C. Muell) Kindb., an - disjunct

Agathis-Podocarpus, 235

Agents chélatants, 325

Alderney, 147 A bryophyte flora of -

Alnus giutinosa, 171

Aloina aloides, 147; ambigua, 147

Amblystegium riparium, 171; serpens var.

salinum, 147, var, serpens, 147

Amino acids, 337 The effect of some - and

vitamins on growth and fertility in male

clones of the moss Microdus brasiliensis

Anagallis arvensis, 147

Anastrophyllum assimile, 283

Anisothecium spirale, 325

Anoectangium thomsonii, 325

Anomobryum, 235, albo-imbricatum, 235;

erectum comb. nov., 235; kashmirense,

235

Anthoceros, 353; crispulus, 353; erectus,

353; fusiformis, 353; laevis, 35

punctatus, 353

Antibiotiques, 325

Antilles, 95 Riccia violacea var. laevis var.

nov.

Aperture, 301 Observations sur la structure

de la paroi et de 1- de la tétraspore de

Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson

Aphanes, 147

Approche phyto-écologique et

phytosociologique de quelques grou-

pements bryophytiques terricoles fores-

tiers en Haute-Normandie, 1

Archidium alternifolium, 147

Asie, 61 Marchantia L.: subg. Chlamidium

(Nees) Bech), Sect. Papillatae sect. nov.

en - et en Océanie

Associations pionnières, 1

Asterella angusta, 289 SO, et croissance

Athalamia pusilla, 337

Athyrium felix femina, 1

Atrichum undulatum, 1, 45, 147

Aulacomnium androgynum, 1, 45;

turgidum, 283

Barbula convoluta var. commutata, 147,

var. convoluta, 147; gregaria, 325;

unguiculata, 147

BARDAT J. - Approche phyto-écologique

et phytosociologique de quelques grou-

pements bryophytiques terricoles fores-

tiers en Haute-Normandie, 1-44

Bartramia ithyphylla, 45; pomiformis, 1,

45; stricta, 147

Bartramidula bartramioides, 325

BATES J.W. - A bryophyte flora of

Alderney, 147-170.

Betula fruticosa, 283

Bibliographie bryologique, 80, 173, 267,

361

BISCHLER H. - Marchantia L.: subg.

Chlamidium (Nees) Bischl. sect.

Papillatae sect. nov. en Asie et en

Océanie, 61-79

Blechnum spicant, 1

Blepharostoma trichophyllum, 1, 45

BOUDIER P. - Observations sur la struc-

ture de la paroi et de l'aperture de la

tétraspore de Sphagnum fimbriatum

Wilson, 301-308

Source - MNHN, Paris

374 INDEX

Brachymenium, 235

Brachythecietalia rutabulo-salebrosi, 45

Brachythecium albicans, 147; exile, 235;

glareosum, 147; plumosum, 147;

rivulare, 147, 283; rutabulum, 45, 147;

salebrosum, 45; velutinum, 1, 45

Bryo-Brachythecion, 45

Bryobrothera, 235, crenulata, 235

Philippines

Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum, 147

Bryoflora, 319 Additions to the - of the

Picos de Europa, of Cantabria and the

Iberian Peninsula

Bryoflore, 235 Philippines

Bryophyte (A) flora of Alderney, 147

Bryophytes, groupements terricoles, 1

Haute-Normandie

Bryum, 235, albidum, 235; albo-

imbricatum, 235 syn.; algovicum var.

rutheanum, 147; alpinum, 147;

ambiguum, 235; apiculatum, 235;

argenteum , 147, 235, var. lanatum,

235 ; atrovirens, 325; australe, 235 syn.;

bicolor, 147; caespiticium, 1, 147;

capillare, 45, 147; chrysobasilare, 235

syn. nov.; clavatum, 235 Philippines;

coronatum, 325; dunense, 147; elegans,

319; erectum, 235 bas; erythropilum,

235 Philippines; flaccidum, 247;

inclinatum, 147; klinggraeffii, 325;

leucophyllum, 235 syn. nov;

microtheca, 235 syn. nov.; pallens, 147;

pallescens, 147; paradoxum, 23

petelotii , 235 syn. nov;

pseudotriquetrum, 147, var. bimum,

147; radiculosum, 147; rubens, 147;

ruderale, 147; subapiculatum, 147;

“tenuisculum', 235 syn.; teretiusculum,

235; torquescens, 319; violaceum, 147

Bud formation, 325 The effect of some

chemicals on protonemal growth and -

in the moss Timmiella anomala

Buxbaumia aphylla, 1

Calliergonella cuspidata, 147

Calluna vulgaris, 1

Calluno-Ericetum cinereae, 1

Calomnium, 235

Calypogeia, 147, arguta, 1, 45, 147; azurea,

319; fissa, 1, 45, 147; muelleriana, 1, 45;

trichomanis, 45

Calypogeietum argutae, 1; fissae, 1, 45;

muellerianae, 1; trichomanis, 45

Campylium polygamum, 319; stellatum,

147

Campylopus bartramiaceus, 1; brevipilus,

147; flexuosus, 1; fragilis, 147;

introflexus, 1, 147; pilifer, 147;

pyriformis, 147

Cantabria, 45 Vegetacion briofitica del

macizo oriental de los Picos de Europa

(Andara), en - (España). 11, 319 Addi-

tions to the bryoflora of the Picos de

Europa, of - and the Iberian Peninsula

CAO T., voir VITT D.H. and CAO T., 283

Catharinea undulata, 1

Cephalozia bicuspidata, 1, 45, 147

Cephaloziella, 147, divaricata, 1, 147;

rubella, 1; turneri, 1

Cephalozietum bicuspidatae, 1

Ceratodon conicus, 319; purpureus, 1, 45,

147

Ceratolejeunea subgen. Ceratophora, 119;

cornuta, 119; cubensis, 119 Guyane

francaise; dentatocornuta, 119 Guyane

francaise; desciscens, 119 Guyane

française: laetefusca, 119; maritima, 119;

megalophysa, 119; plumula, 119;

poeppigiana, 119 Guyane française;

variabilis, 119

Channel Islands, 147

Chemicals, 325 The effect of some - on

protonemal growth and bud formation

in the moss Timmiella anomala

Chêne pubescent, 247 végét. bryophyt.,

Gardiole de Rians

Chêne vert, 247 végét. bryophyt., Gardiole

de Rians

Chiloseyphus polyanthus, 147

China, 283 Mosses new to - from

Heilonjiang and Jilin Provinces

CHOPRA R.N. and KAPUR A. - The

effect of some chemicals on protonemal

growth and bud formation in the moss

Timmiella anomala, 325-335

CHOPRA R.N. and MEHTA P. - The

effect of some amino acids and vitamins.

on growth and fertility in male clones of

the moss Microdus brasiliensis, 337-344

Chorologie, 1

Cinclidotus mucronatus, 319; riparius, 319

Cirriphyllum crassinervium, 147

Citrate ferrique, 325

Cladonio-Lepidozietalia reptantis, 45

Cololejeunea minutissima, 147

Complexe (Un) de taxons dans le genre

Riccia, 95

Comunidades terricolas y lignicolas, 45

Vegetacion briofitica del macizo oriental

de los Picos de Europa (Andara), en

Cantabria (España), 11 -

Conocephalum conicum, 45, 147

Contribution à la flore bryologique de

Guyane française IV, 119.

Source : MNHN, Paris

INDEX

Costa Rica, 345 The relationship of

epiphyllous liverworts with leaf

characteristics and light in Monte Verde,

Couverture épiphylle, 345

Cratoneuron commutatum, 147; filicinum,

147, 283

Cremers G., 119

Cryphaea heteromalla, 147

Ctenidium molluscum, 147

Cyclojeunea, 119

Deschampsia flexuosa, 1

Desmatodon heimii, 147

Diaphanodon blandus var. recurvedentatus,

235 Philippines

Dichodontium flavescens, 319

Dicranella cerviculata, 1; coarctata, 325;

crispa, 45; heteromalla, 1,45, 147

Dicranella varia, 147

Dicranelletalia heteromallae, 1

Dicranellion heteromallae, 1, 45

Dicranoweisia cirrata, 289

Dicranum bonjeanii, 147; majus, 147;

scoparium, 1, 45, 147

Didymodon fallax, 147; ferrugineus, 319;

insulanus, 147, 319; luridus, 147;

nicholsonii Culm. - new to France, 171;

rigidulus, 147; spadiceus, 319;

tophaceus, 147; vinealis, 147

Diphyscietum foliosi, 1

Diphyscium foliosum, 1

Diplophylletalia albicantis, 45

Diplophylletum albicantis, 45

Diplophyllo albicantis - Scapanietum

nemorosae, |, sous-ass.

calypogeietosum, 1, sous-ass.

cladonietosum, 1, sous-ass. typicum, 1

Diplophyllum albicans, 1, 45, 147;

obtusifolium, 1

Disjunct, 297 Oreoweisia erosa (C. Muell.)

Kindb., an African neotropical -

Distribution, 61 Marchantia; 95 Riccia; 119

Ceratolejeunea Guyane française; 235

mousses Philippines; 283 mousses de

Chine; 297 Oreoweisia erosa; 319 Picos

de Europa, Cantabria, Peninsule

ibérique

Ditrichum homomallum, 1

Dixonia, 235

Dracaena, 95

Drepanocladus aduncus, 147,var. aduncus,

319; fluitans, 147, var. uncatus, 283

syn; schulzei 283 Chine

Dryas octopetala, 283

Dryopteris carthusiana, 1

Ecologie, 1 bryoph. terricoles Haute-

Normandie; 147 bryophytes Alderney;

375

247 bryoph. Gardiole de Rians; 345

hépatiques epiphylles Costa Rica

Effect (The) of some amino acids and

vitamins on growth and fertility in male

clones of the moss Microdus

brasiliensis, 337

Effect (The) of some chemicals on

protonemal growth and bud formation

in the moss Timmiella anomala, 325

Effects of sulphur dioxide (SO, ) on

vegetative growth of two liverworts, 289

Entodon concinnus, 319

Entosthodon attenuatus, 147; dozyanus,

235; obtusus, 147, 319;

physcomitrioides, 235 Philippines

Epiphyllous liverworts, 345 The

relationship of - with leaf characteristics

and light in Monte Verde, Costa Rica

Epipterygium tozeri, 147

Erica cinerea, 1

Espagne, 45 Cantabrie, 319 Cantabrie

Espora, 353 Sobre la germinacion de la - en

Phaeoceros bulbiculosus (Brothero)

Prosk.

Eucladium verticillatum, 147

Euphorbia balsamifera, 95

Eurhynchio-Homalietum trichomanoidis,

Eurhynchium hians, 45, 147; praelongum,

1,45, 147, var. stokesii, 45; pumilum,

147; speciosum, 1, 147; striatum, 1, 45,

147

Fertility, 337 The effect of some amino

acids and vitamins on growth and - in

male clones of the moss Microdus

brasiliensis

Fissidens bryoides, 1, 45, 147; cristatus,

147; curnowii, 1; incurvus, 147;

pallidicaulis, 1; pusillus, 319; rivularis,

147; serrulata, 1; taxifolius, 45, 147;

viridulus, 147

Flore bryologique, 119 Contribution à la -

de Guyane française IV

Foret de la Brotonne, 171

Forme foliaire, 345

Fossombronia angulosa, 147; pusilla, 1, 147

France, 1 bryoph. terricoles Haute-

Normandie; 171 Didymodon.

nicholsonii; 247 végét. bryoph. Gardiole

de Rians

Fraxinus excelsior, 147

Frullania dilatata, 147, 247; fragilifolia, 147,

tamarisci, 147

Frullanion dilatatae, 247

FUERTES LASALA E. and MARTINEZ

CONDE E. - Additions to the bryoflora

Source : MNHN, Paris

376 INDEX

of the Picos de Europa, of Cantabria

and the Iberian Peninsula, 319-324

FUERTES LASALA E. y MARTINEZ

CONDE E. - Vegetacion briofitica del

macizo oriental de los picos de Europa

(Andara) en Cantabria (España). I1.

Comunidades terricolas y lignicolas,

45-59

Funaria hygrometrica, 147, 235, 289

Garckea phascoides, 325

Gardiole de Rians, 247 Etude comparée de

la végétation bryophytique des troncs de

chêne vert et de chêne pubescent (peu-

plements âgés) dans la foret domaniale

de la Gardiole de Rians (Var, France)

Germinacion, 353 Sobre la - de la espora

en Phaeoceros bulbiculosus (Brothero)

Prosk.

Gongylanthus ericetorum, 147, 319

GRIFFIN D. III - Oreoweisia erosa (C.

Muell.) Kindb., an African neotropical

disjunct, 297-300

Grimmia, 235, laevigata, 147; pulvinata,

147; trichophylla var. stirtonii, 147, var.

subsquarrosa, 147, var. trichophylla,

147

Groupement à Calypogeia arguta, 1; à C.

fissa, 1; à C.muelleriana, 1; à C.

bicuspidata, 1; à Diphyscium foliosum,

1; à Diplophyllum albicans, 1; à

Frullania dilata et Radula complanata,

247; à Homalothecium sericeum et F.

dilatata, 247; à Hypnum cupressiforme

var. cupressiforme, 247; à H. e. var. fili

forme, 247; à Mnium punctatum, 1; à

Pellia epiphylla et Atrichum undulatum,

1; à Pogonatum aloides, 1; à P.nanum,

1; à Pohlia nutans, 1

Groupements bryophytiques terricoles fo-

restiers, 1 Approche phyto-écologique et

phytosociologique de - en Haute-

Normandie

Growth, 337 The effect of some amino

acids and vitamins on - and fertility in

male clones of the moss Microdus

brasiliensis

Guyane française, 119 Contribution à la

flore bryologique de - IV.

Gymnostomum calcareum, 147; luisieri,

147

Habrodon perpusillus, 247

Hagenellia, 235

Haplohymenium, 235

HÉBRARD J.P. - Etude comparée de la

végétation bryophytique des troncs de

chéne vert el de chéne pubescent (peu-

plements âgés) dans la foret domaniale

de la Gardiole de Rians (Var, France),

247-252

Hedera helix, 1

Heilongjiang Province, 283 Mosses new to

China from -

Helodium blandowii, 283

Herbivores, 345

HERGUIDO P. y RON E. - Sobre la

germinacion de la espora en Phaeoceros

bulbiculosus (Brothero) Prosk., 353-359

Homalia trichomanoides, 45

Homalothecium aureum, 319; lutescens,

147, 247; sericeum, 147, 247

Hookeria lucens, 45

Hookerietum lucentis, 45

Hygrohypnum luridum, 171

Hymenostylium, 325

Hyophila involuta, 325

Hypericum pulchrum, 1

Hypnum cupressiforme,1, 289, var.

cupressiforme, 45, 147, 247, var. filifor-

me, 247, var. lacunosum, 147, var.

resupinatum, 147, var. strictifolium,

247, var. uncinatum, 1; juniperinum, 1;

jutlandicum, 1, 147; lindbergii, 319

Iberian peninsula 319 Additions to the

bryoflora of the Picos de Europa, of

Cantabria and the -

Informations, 88, 187, 275, 281, 360

Isopaches bicrenatus, 1

Isopterygium elegans, 1, 45; schimperi, 1

Isothecium alopecuroides, 45, 147;

myosuroides, 147; myurum, 1

Jilin Province, 283 Mosses new to China

from -

JOVET-AST S. - Un complexe de taxons

dans le genre Riccia, 95-117

Jungermannia crenulata, 1; gracillima, 1;

pumila, 319

Kantia trichomanis, 147

KAPUR A. , voir CHOPRA R.N. and

KAPUR A., 325

KOPONEN T., voir TAN B.C. and

KOPONEN T., 235

LAMY D. - Bibliographie bryologique

80-88, 173-180, 267-275, 361-366

Larix dahurica, 283

Leaf characteristics, 345 The relationship of

epiphyllous liverworts with - and light in

Monte Verde, Costa Rica

Ledum palustre, 283

Lejeunea ceratantha var. poeppigiana, 119

syn.; ulicina, 147

Lepidozia reptans, 1, 45

Lepidozietea reptantis, 45

Lepidozio-Lophocoletea heterophyllae, 45

Leptobryum pyriforme, 319

Source : MNHN, Paris

INDEX

Leptodon smithii, 247

Leptostomum, 235

Leskea polycarpa, 45, 171

Leucobryo-Cladonietum coniocraeae, 45;

-Tetraphidetum, 45

Leucobryum glaucum, 1, 45

Leucodon sciuroides, 247

Leucodontetalia, 247

Light, 345 The relationship of epiphyllous

liverworts with leaf characteristics and -

in Monte Verde, Costa Rica

Liverworts, 289 Effects of sulphur dioxide

on vegetative growth of two - ; 345 The

relationship of epiphyllous - with leaf

characteristics and light in Monte Verde,

Costa Rica

Lonicera periclymenum, 1

Lophocolea bidentata, 1, 45, 147; cupsidata,

1; fragrans, 147; heterophylla, 1, 45, 147

Lophozia bicrenata, 1; excisa, 147; sudetica,

45; ventricosa, 1, 45, 147

Lunularia cruciata, 147

Luzula forsteri, 1; luzuloides, 1; vernalis, 1

Mannia fragrans, 319

Marchantia L: subg. Chlamidium sect.

Papillatae sect. nov. en Asie et en

Océanie, 61; amboinensis, 61 syn. nov.;

angusta, 61 syn. nov; calcarea, 61 syn.

nov.; chinensis, 61 syn. nov., cuneiloba,

61, f. multiradia, 61 syn. nov., f.

paucifibrosa, 61 syn. nov.; emarginata,

61, subsp. emarginata, 61, subsp.

lecordiana comb. nov., 61, subsp. tosana

comb. nov., 61, (complexe), 61, (var.

major) f. thermarum, 61 syn. nov., f.

intermedia, 61 syn. nov.,f. minor 61 syn.

nov., f. thermarum, 61 syn. nov., var.

leucolepis, 61 syn. nov., var.

longepedunculata, 61 syn. nov., var. ma-

jor, 61 syn. nov. , var. multiradia, 61

syn. nov., esquirolii , 61 syn. nov.;

fallax, 61 syn. nov.; grossibarba, 61

bas.; kaernbachii, 61 syn. nov.;

lecordiana, 61 bas.; multiloba, 61 syn.

nov.; nitida var. sumatrana, 61 syn.,

palmata, 61 syn., var. major-

thermarum, 61 syn., var. multiradia, 61

syn.; palmatoides, 61 syn. nov,

papillata, 61, subsp. grossibarba comb.

nov., 61, subsp. papillata,

él:platycnemos, 61 syn. nov.;

polymorpha, 337; radiata, 61 syn;

rugulosa, 61 syn.; schadenbergii, 61 syn.

nov.; simlana, 61 syn. nov.; stenolepida,

61 syn. nov. sumatrana, 61 syn. nov.;

togashii, 61 syn. nov.; tosana, 61 bas.;

tosayamensis, 61 syn. nov.

377

Marsupella emarginata, 1

MARTINEZ CONDE E. , voir FUERTES

LASALA and MARTINEZ CONDE

E., 319 et aussi FUERTES LASALA E.

y MARTINEZ CONDE E., 45

MEHTA P., voir CHOPRA R.N. and

MEHTA P. , 337

Mesochaete, 235

Meteoriella, 235

Metzgeria fruticulosa, 147; furcata, 147,

247, 289

Microdus, 325, brasiliensis, 325, The effect

of some amino acids and vitamins on

growth and fertility in male clones of

the moss -

Mnio Hyocomietum armorici, 45,

-Isothecietum myosuroidis, 45

Mniobryum lutescens, |

Mnium, 235, hornum, 1, 45, 147

MONGE NAJERA J. - The relationship of

epiphyllous liverworts with leaf

characteristics and light in Monte Verde,

Costa Rica, 345-352

Monte Verde, 345 The relationship of

epiphyllous liverworts with leaf

characteristics and light in - , Costa

Rica

Morphactines, 325

Morphologie, 61 Marchantia; 95 Riccia;

119 Ceratolejeunea; 283 Mousses de

Chine

Moss flora, 235 Additions and corrections

for Philippine -

Mosses new to China from Heilonjiang and

Jilin Provinces, 283

Nardia geoscyphus, 1; scalaris, 1

eckera complanata, 247

Normandie (Haute), 1 Approche phyto-

écologique et phytosociologique de quel-

ques groupements bryophytiques

terricoles forestiers en -

Normandie, 1, 171

Observations sur la structure de la paroi et

de l'aperture de la tétraspore de

Sphagnum imbricatum Wilson, 301

Océanie, 61 Marchantia L.: subg.

Chlamidium (Nees)Bischl. sect.

Papillatae sect. nov. en Asie et en -

Odontolejeunea , 119

ONRAEDT M. - Contribution á la More

bryologique de Guyane française IV,

119-129

Oreoweisia ampliata, 297 syn. nov.;

bogotensis, 297 syn. nov, bruntonii,

297, erosa (C. Muell.) Kindb., an

African neotropical disjunct, 297;

Source : MNHN, Paris

378 INDEX

lechleri, 297 syn. nov., var. minor, 297

syn. nov.; ligularis, 297 syn. nov.

Orthodontium, 235, lineare, 1

Orthorrhynchium, 235

Orthothecium rufescens, 319

Orthotrichum acuminatum, 247; affine,

147, var. fastigiatum, 247; anomalum,

147; cupulatum var. riparium, 171;

diaphanum, 147; lyelli, 147, 247;

stramineum, 247, 319; striatum, 247;

tenellum, 147, 247

Paraleucobryum enerve, 283

Paroi, 301 Observations sur la structure de

la - et de l'aperture de Sphagnum

fimbriatum Wilson

Parthenocissus, 337

PATIDAR K.C. - Effects of sulphur

dioxide (SO, ) on vegetative growth of

two liverworts, 289-296

Pellia endiviifolia, 147; epiphylla, 1, 45, 147

Pellietum epiphyllae, 1, 45

Pellion epiphyllae, 45

Phaeoceros bulbiculosus, 353 Sobre la

germinacion de la espora en -

(Brothero) Prosk.; laevis, 353

Phascum cuspidatum, 147

Philippine, 235 Additions and corrections

for - moss flora

Philonotis, 235, 325, socia, 235 Philippines

Phylogénie, 95 Riccia

Physcomitrium, 235, pyriforme, 1, 147

Phyto-écologie, 1 Haute-Normandie

Phytogéographie, 147 Bryophytes Alderney

Phytosociologie, 1 Haute-Normandie; 45

Cantabrie (Espagne); 247 bryoph.

troncs de chênes Gardiole de Rians

Picea glauca, 337

Picos de Europa, 45 Vegetacion briofitica

del macizo oriental de los - (Andara), en

Cantabria (España) II; Additions to the

bryoflora of the - , of Cantabria and the

Iberian Peninsula

Pinus sylvestris, 1

Piper, 345

Plagiochila asplenioides, 1; killarniensis,

147; porelloides, 45; spinulosa, 147

Plagiomnium affine, 45; medium subsp.

medium, 319; undulatum, 45

Plagiothecium curvifolium, 1; denticulatum,

45, 147; laetum, 1; nemorale, 1, 45, 147;

succulatum, 147; succulentum, 45;

undulatum, 45

Platydictya jungermannioides, 319

Platyhypnidium riparioides, 337

Pleuridium acuminatum, 1, 45, 147;

subulatum, 1

Pleurochaete squarrosa, 147

Pleurozium schreberi, 1

Pogonatetum aloidis, 1, 45; nani, 1

Pogonation aloidis, | syn.

Pogonato-Dicranelletea heteromallae, 45

Pogonatum aloides, 1, 45, 147, 325; nanum,

1, 147; urnigerum, 1, 45

Pohlia annotina, 147; carnea, 147; cruda,

45; delicatula, 147; elongata, 325;

nutans, 1,45

Polysticho-Fraxinetum excelsioris, 319,

subas. tilietosum platyphyllae, 45

Polytrichum commune, 1; formosum, 1, 45,

147; juniperinum, 1, 45, 147;

perigoniale, 1; piliferum, 1, 147

Porella arboris-vitae var. killarniensis, 319

Cantabrie et Picos de Europa

Pottia crinita, 147; intermedia, 147;

starckeana, 147, subsp. minutula, 147,

subsp. starckeana, 147; truncata, 147

Protonemal growth, 325 The effect of some

chemicals on - and bud formation in the

moss Timmiella anomala

Prunus spinosa, 147

Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum, 147;

revolutum, 147

Pseudoscleropodium purum, 1

Psilopilum cavifolium, 283 Chine

Pteridium aquilinum, 1. 147

Pylaisiella, 325, selwynil, 325, 337

Pédogenése, 1

Quercetalia ilicis, 247; pubescentis, 247

Quercion robori-petraeae, 1

Quercus ilex, 247 végét. bryopl

pubescens, 247 vegét. bryoph.

Racomitrium lanuginosum, 283

Radula complanata, 147, 247

Relationship (The) of epiphyllous liverworts

with leaf characteristics and light in

Monte Verde, Costa Rica, 345

Rhizogonium, 235

Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, 319;

punctatum, 1, 45, 147

Rhododendron chrysanthemum, 283

Rhynchostegiella tenlla, 147

Rhynchostegium confertum, 147, 349;

megapolitanum, 147; riparioides, 147

Rhytidiadelphus loreus, 1, 45; squarrosus,

45, 147; triquetrus, 1, 45, 147

Riccardia chamedryfolia, 147; incurvata,

319 Cantabrie et Picos de Europa;

multifida, 147

Riccia, 95 Un complexe de taxons dans le

genre -

Riccia atromarginata, 95, var. glabra, 95

syn., var. jovet-astii, 95; crystallina, 337;

cubensis, 95; discolor, 289 SO, et crois-

sance, 337; frostii, 337: gangetica, 337,

Source : MNHN, Paris

INDEX

glauca, 147; iodocheila, 95;

melanospora, 95; sorocarpa, 147;

trabutiana, 95; violacea, 95, var. laevis

var, nov., 95 Antilles; sp., 147

RON E., voir HERGUIDO P. y RON E.,

353

Rubus fruticosus, 147,

Saxifrago hirsuti-Fagetum, 45

Scapania compacta, 147; gracilis, 319;

nemorea, 1; undulata, 45

Schistidium apocarpum, 147; maritimum,

147

Scleropodium caespitans, 147; purum, 147;

touretii, 147

Scorpiurium circinatum, 147

Sedion anglici, 147

Sobre la germinacion de la espora en

Phaeoceros bulbiculosus (Brothero)

Prosk., 353

Solenostoma sp., 1

Solmsiella, 235

Southbya tophacea, 1

Spergularia rupicola, 147

Sphagnum, 283, angustifolium, 283;

fimbriatum, 301 Structure de la paroi et

de l'aperture de la tétraspore de -

Wilson; flexuosum, 283 Chine;

girghensohnii, 283; imbricatum, 283,

lenense, 283 Chine; lescurii, 301;

magellanicum, 283; squarrosum, 283;

wulfsianum, 283 Chine

Sphenobolus minutus, 45

Spores, 61 Marchantia emarginata, M.

papillata; 95 Riccia; 301 Sphagnum

fimbriatum; 353 Phaeoceros

STERN R.C. - Didymodon nicholsonii

Culm. - new to France, 171-172.

Sulphure dioxide, 289 Effects of - (SO; ) on

vegetative growth of two liverworts

Symphysionomie, 45

Syndynamique, 1

Synonymes nouveaux, 235

TAN B.C, and KOPONEN T. - Additions

and corrections for Philippine moss

flora, 235-245

‘Targionia hypophylla, 319

Taxonomie, 61 Marchantia; 95 Riccia; 235

mousses; 297 Orcoweisia erosa

Taxons nouveaux, 61 Marchantia sect.; 95

Riccia violacea var. laevis; 235

Anomobryum

Terricoles, 1 groupements bryophytiques -

forestiers Haute Normandie; 45

communautés - Cantabrie

Tetraphidion pellucidae, 45

Tetraphis pellucida, 1

379

Tétraspore, 301 Observations sur la struc-

ture de la paroi et de l'aperture de la -

de Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson

Tetrodontium repandum, 283 Chine

Teucrium scorodonia, 1

Thuidium tamariscinum, 1, 45, 147

Timmiella anomala, 325 Effect of some

chemicals on protonemal growth and

bud formation in the moss -

Tomenthypnum falcifolium, 283 Chine;

nitens, 283

Tortella densa, 319 Cantabrie et Picos de

Europa; flavovirens, 147

Tortula ambigua, 147 syn.; atrovirens, 147;

canescens, 147; inermis, 319; intermedia,

147, 171; laevipila, 147, var. laevipila,

247; muralis, 147; papillosa, 147;

princeps, 247; 337; ruraliformis, 147;

ruralis, 147; subulata var. subinermis,

319; virescens, 247

"Trichostomum brachydontium, 147;

crispulum, 147

“Tritichella, 235

Tritomaria exsectiformis, 1;

quinquedentata, 45

Tuberaria guttata, 147

Ulex europaeus, 147

Ulota coarcta, 319; crispa, 247; phyllantha,

147, 319 Pénins. ibérique

Ultrastructure, 301 spore Sphagnum

fimbriatum

Vaccinium myrtillus, 1; uliginosum, 283

Var, 247 végét. bryoph, Gardiole de Rians

Vegetacion briofitica del macizo oriental de

los Picos de Europa (Andara), en

Cantabria (España) II. Comunidades

terricolas y lignicolas, 45

Végétation bryophytique, 247 Etude

comparée de la - des troncs de chêne

vert et de chêne pubescent (peuplements

âgés) dans la foret domaniale de la

Gardiole de Rians (Var, France)

Vegetative growth, 289 Effects of sulphur

dioxide (SO, ) on - of two liverworts,

289

Vitamins, 337 Effect of some amino acids

and - on growth and fertility in male

clones of the moss Microdus brasiliensis

VITT D.H. and CAO T. - Mosses new to

China from Heilongjiang and Jilin Pro-

vinces, 283-287

Weissia auridens, 297 syn. nov.; bogotensis,

297 syn. nov.; brachycarpa, 147;

controversa, 147, var. crispata, 319;

erosa, 297 bas.; lechleri, 297 syn. nov.,

var. minor, 297 syn. nov. ; persssonii,

147

Source : MNHN, Paris

380 INDEX

Zygodon baumgartneri, 247; conoideus,

147; viridissimus, 147, subsp.

Lichens

Acrocardia, 189; conoidea, 189

Alectoria sarmentosa, 309

Anatomie, 313 Opegrapha

Apothécie, 189

Arthonia, 189; cinnabarina, 189; galactites,

131; impolita, 131; melanophthalma,

131; radiata, 131

Arthonietum granosae, 131

Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa, 131; fallax,

189 syn.; halodytes, 189; lapponina, 131,

189; punctiformis, 131; sublittoralis,

189; submicans, 189

Arthothelium, 189; crozalsianum, 131

Ascocarpes, 189

‘Ascomatal development in lichens: a

review, 189

Aspicilia, 189; calcarea, 189

Asques, 189

Bacidia beckhausii, 131

Baeomyces, 189, roseus, 189; rufus, 189

BELLEMERE A., voir

LETROUIT-GALINOU M.A. and

BELLEMERE A., 189

Bibliographie lichénologique, 89, 181, 276,

367

Bioindicateurs, 131 Estimation de la pollu-

tion atmosphérique du littoral du

Tarragonés (Catalogne, Espagne) en uti-

lisant des lichens épiphytes comme -

Blechno spicantis-Quercetum roboris, 247

Blechno-Quercetum roboris, 247

Bryoria capillaris, 309 Navarre; fuscescens,

309

Buellia griseovirens, 309; cf. zahlbruckneri

309 Navarre

Bulgaria, 189

Caaveiro, 247 Liquenes con cianoficeas de -

, La Coruna (N-O de España)

Calicium denigratum, 309 Penins. ibérique;

trabinellum, 309

Calloria, 189

Caloplaca, 189; holocarpa, 131; pollinii, 131

Candelariella xanthostigma, 309

CARBALLAL R., voir LOPEZ DE

SILANES M.E. y CARBALLAL R.,

247

Catalogne, 131 Estimation de la pollution

atmosphérique du littoral du Tarragonès

(-, Espagne) en utilisant des lichens

epiphytes comme bioindicateurs

baumgartneri, 319, subsp. viridissimus,

319

Castanea sativa, 247

Catillaria nigroclavata, 131

Celtidis australis, 313

Ceratonia siliqua, 131 phorophyte, 313

phorophyte

Cetraria, 189; islandica, 309; pinastri, 309

Navarre

Chaenotheca brunneola, 309;

chrysocephala, 309; trichialis, 309

Chiodecton, 189

Cianoficeas, 247 Liquenes con - de

Caaveiro, la Coruna (N-O de España)

Cladia, 189; aggregata, 189

Cladinia sulphurina, 309 Pénins. ibérique

Cladonia, 189; caespiticia, 1; cenotea, 309

Navarre; chlorophaea, 1; coniocraea, 1,

45; fimbriata, 1; floerkeana, 189;

furcata, 1; macilenta, 309; polydactyla,

309 Navarre; pyxidata, 1, 309; sp., 1

Collema, 189, 247; aff. nigrescens, 247;

flaccidum, 247; furfuraceum, 247

Corylus avellana, 131, 247

Cyphelium inquinans, 309

Dermatocarpon, 189

Diploicia, 189; canescens, 189

Diploschistes, 189

Dirina, 189; ceratoniae, 131

Dirinetum ceratoniae, 131

Distribution, 247 La Coruna (Espagne),

309 Larra (Espagne)

Dothidea, 189

Edwardiella, 189; mirabilis, 189

EGEA J.M., voir TORRENTE M. Y

EGEA J.M., 313

Endocarpon,189; pusillum, 189

Enterographa, 189

Ephebe lanata, 247

Epiphytes, 131 Estimation de la pollution

atmosphérique du littoral du Tarragonès

(Catalogne, Espagne) en utilisant des

lichens - comme bioindicateur; 309 Les

lichens - du Pin noir à Larra (Navarre,

Espagne)

Epithecium, 189

Espagne, 131 Pollution atmosph.

Tarragonés; 247 Lichens à cyanophytes

de Caaveiro; 309, lichens épiphytes de

Larra

Estimation de la pollution atmosphérique

du littoral du Tarragonés (Catalogne,

Source : MNHN, Paris

INDEX

Espagne) en utilisant des lichens

epiphytes comme bioindicateurs, 131

ETAYO 1. - Les lichens épiphytes du Pin

noir à Larra (Navarre, Espagne),

309-312

Eucalyptus globulus, 247

Evernia, 189; divaricata, 309

Excipulum, 189

Ficus carica, 313

Floristique, 247 La Coruna; 309 épiphytes

Larra

Fraxinus excelsior, 247

Fuscidea cyathoides, 309

GIRALT M., GOMEZ-BOLEA A.,

LETROUIT-GALINOU M.A. - Esti-

mation de la pollution atmosphérique du

littoral du Tarragonès (Catalogne, Espa-

gne) en utilisant des lichens épiphy!

comme bioindicateurs, 131-146

GOMEZ-BOLEA A., Voir GIRALT M,

GOMEZ-BOLEA A.,

LETROUIT-GALINOU M.A., 131

Graphis,189; elegans, 189; scripta, 189

Gyalecta, 189; carneolutea, 189; liguriensis,

131

Gyalectidium, 189

Hertella, 189; chilensis, 189; subantarctica,

189

Hymenium, 189

Hyperphyscia adglutinata, 131

Hypocenomyce, 189; scalaris, 309 Navarre;

sorophora, 309 Pénins. ibérique;

xanthococca, 309

Hypogymnia cf. austerodes, 309 Pénins.

ibérique; bitteriana, 309; physodes, 1,

309; tubulosa, 309

Hypothecium, 189

Icmadophila ericetorum, 309

lex aquifolium, 247

Imshaughia aleurites, 309

Index de Pollution atmosphérique, 131

Informations, 88, 187, 275, 281, 360

Juniperus phoenicea, 313

La Coruna, 247 Liquenes con cianoficeas

de Caaveiro, - (N-O de España)

LAMY D. - Bibliographie lichénologique,

89-94, 181-187, 276-281, 367-372

Larra, 309 Les lichens épiphytes du Pin

noir à - (Navarre, Espagne)

Lasalla, 189

Laurera, 189

Laurus nobilis, 247

Lecanactis, 189; lyncea var. celtidicola, 313

syn.; patellariodes, 131

Lecania sulfureofusca, 189

Lecanora allophana, 189; chlarotera, 131, f.

meridionalis, 131; mughicola, 309

381

Pénins. ibérique; piniperda, 309

Navarre; pulicaris subsp. rhododendri,

309 Pénins. ibérique; sarcopidioides, 309

Pénins. ibérique; sienae, 131; subfuscata,

189; symmicta, 309; aff. symmicta 309

Pénins. ibérique

Lecanoretum laevis, 131; sienae, 131

Lecidea fusco-atra, 189; hypnorum, 309;

subfuscescens, 309 Pénins. ibérique;

turgida, 309 Pénins. ibérique

Lecidella, 189; achristotera, 131;

elaeochroma, 189; euphorea, 309

Lepraria incana, 309

Leptogium, 247, brebissonii, 247 Galice;

caesium, 247 syn.; chloromelum, 247;

aff. cochleatum, 247; cyanescens, 247;

hibernicum, 247 Galice; lacerum, 247

5yn.; liquenoides, 247 Galice;

microphylloides, 247 Espagne; scotinum,

247 syn.; sinuatum, 247 Galice; sutile,

247 syn.; tenuissimum, 247 Galice;

tremelloides, 247 syn.

LETROUIT M.A. and BELLEMERE A. -

Ascomatal development in lichens: a

review, 189-233; et voir GIRALT M.,

GOMEZ-BOLEA A.,

LETROUIT-GALINOU M.A., 131

Lichens (Les) épiphytes du Pin noir à Larra

(Navarre, Espagne), 309

Lichina, 189; confinis, 189

Lichinodium, 189

Liquenes con cianoficeas de Can

Coruna (N-O de España), 247

Lirelle, 189

Lobaria,189; laetevirens, 189; scorbiculata,

247

LOPEZ DE SILVANES M.E. y

CARBALLAL R. - Liquenes con

cianoficeas de Caaveiro, La Coruna

(N-O de España), 247-252

Lophodermium, 189

Megalospora, 189

Melaspilea proximella, 309 Pénins. ibérique

Micarea denigrata 309 Navarre; lignaria,

309 Navarre; misella, 309 Navarre;

peliocarpa, 309; prasina, 309 Navarre

Morphologie, 313 Opegrapha

Mycobilimbidia subfuscae, 131

Mycoblastus affinis, 309 Pénins. ibérique;

sanguinarius, 309 Navarre; sterilis, 309

Mycocalicium parietinum, 309 Navarre

Navarre, 309 lichens épiphytes

Nectria, 189

Nephroma, 189; lacvigatum, 247

Ocellularia, 189

Ochrolechia alboflavescens, 309; androgyna,

309; turneri, 309 Navarre

ro, La

Source : MNHN, Paris

382 INDEX

Olea, 313; europaea, 131, 313

Ontogénie, 189 ascomata

Opegrapha, 189; atra, 131; betulinoides, 313

syn. nov.; calcarea, 189; celtidicola, 313

- (Jatta) Jatta nombre correcto para

Opegrapha betulinoides B. de Lesd. y

Opegrapha thallincola B. de Lesd.;

lichenoides, 131; niveoatra, 131;

rufescens, 189; saxatilis, 189; thallincola

, 313 syn. nov.

Opegraphetosum niveoatrae, 131

Pachyphiale cornea, 189

Pannaria, 247; conoplea, 247; mediterranea,

247; sampaiana, 247 Galice; tavaresii,

247 Pénins. Ibérique

Parmelia, 247; conspersa, 189; exasperata,

189; saxatilis, 309

Parmeliella coronata, 189; diplomarginata,

189; jamesii, 247 Espagne; plumbea,

247; testacea, 247 Galice; triptophylla,

247

Parmeliopsis ambigua, 309; hyperopta, 309

Peltigera, 189, 247; horizontalis, 247

Galice: polydactyla, 189, 247; praetexta,

247; rufescens, 189

Péninsule ibérique, 309

Pertusaria amara, 309, heterochroa, 131;

pertusa, 189

Phacidium, 189

Phaeophyscia hirsuta, 131

Phillyrea, 313; media, 313

Phlyctis,189

Phyllisciella, 189

Physcia clementei, 131; tenella, 189

Pin noir, 309 Les lichens épiphytes du - à

Larra (Navarre, Espagne)

Pinus halepensis, 131, 313; uncinata, 309

phorophyte

Pistacia lentiscus, 313

Platismatia glauca, 309

Pleurococeus viridi, 131

Pollution atmosphérique, 131 Estimation de

la - du littoral du Tarragonès

(Catalogne, Espagne) en utilisant des

lichens épiphytes comme bioindicateurs

Polychidium dendriscum, 247; muscicola,

247

Porina, 189; byssophila, 189; heterospora,

189; nucula, 189 syn.

Prunus amygdalus, 313

Pseudevernia furfuracea, 309, var. ceratea,

309

Pseudopeziza, 189

Psora, 189

Pyrenula, 189; nitida, 189

Périthéce, 189

Quercus, 313; ilex, 313; robur, 247

Ramalina, 189; ecklonii, 189

Recouvrement moyen global (RMG), 131

Rhizocarpon, 189.

Rhytisma acerinum, 189

Roccella, 189; montagnei, 189

Rosmarino-Ericion, 131

Saccomorpha icmalea, 309 Navarre

Schismatomma decolorans, 131, 313;

diplotommoides, 313; picconianum, 131,

313 syn.

Scytonema, 247

Stade avec formes parathéciales, 189;

primordium, 189; ébauche, 189

Staurothele, 189; sapaudica, 189

Steinera glaucella, 189

Stereocaulon, 189

Sticta limbata, 247; sylvatica, 247

Subhymenium, 189

Systématique, 189

Tarragonés, 131 Estimation de la pollution

atmosphérique du littoral du -

(Catalogne, Espagne) en utilisant des

lichens épiphytes comme bioindicateurs

Taxonomie, 313 Opegrapha

Thelidium immersum, 189

Theliopsis isiaca, 131

Thelopsietosum isiacae, 131

Thelotrema lepadinum, 189

Therrya fuckelii, 189

Tholurna, 189

Thrombitim aoristum, 189

Thyrea rotunda, 189

TORRENTE P. y EGEA J.M. -

Opegrapha celtidicola (Jatta) Jatta nom-

bre correcto para Opegrapha

betulinoides B. de Lesd. y Opegrapha

thallincola B. de Lesd., 313-317

Trapeliopsis flexuosa, 309 Navarre;

granulosa, 309 Navarre

ypethelium, 189

Umbilicaria, 189; cylindrica, 189

Usnea, 189; plicata, 309 Navarre

Verrucaria, 189; subgen. Amphoridium,

189; calcicedum, 189; cazzae, 189;

controversa, 189

Vitis vinifera, 131

Wavea, 189

Xanthoria, 189; parietina, 131, 189

Xylographa abietina,309 Navarre, var.

rubescens, 309 Pénins. ibérique;

vitiligo, 309 Navarre

Source : MNHN. Paris

TABLE DU TOME 10

BARDAT J. - Approche phyto-écologique et phytosociologique de quelques grou-

pements bryophytiques terricoles forestiers en Haute-Normandie 1

BATES J.W. - A bryophyte flora of Alderney . 147

BISCHLER H. - Marchantia L.: subg. Chlamidium (Nees) Bischl. sect Papillatae

Bischl. sect. nov. en Asie et en Océanie ... 61

BOUDIER P. - Observations sur la structure de la paroi et de l'aperture de la

tétraspore de Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson . 301

CHOPRA R.N. and KAPUR A. - The effect of some chemicals on zement

growth and bud formation in the moss Timmiella anomala. 325

CHOPRA RN. and MEHTA P. - The effect of some amino acids and vitamins on

growth and fertility in male clones of the moss Microdus brasiliensis. 337

ETAYO J. - Les lichens épiphytes du Pin noir à Larra (Navarre, Espagne) .. 309

FUERTES LASALA E. y MARTINEZ CONDE E. - Vegetacion briofitica del

macizo oriental de los picos de Europa (Andara), en Cantabria (España). IL.

Comunidades terricolas y lignicolas 45

FUERTES SALA E. and MARTINEZ CONDE E. - Additions to the Guter

of the picos de Europa, of Cantabria and the Peninsula ibérica — 319

GIRALT M., GOMEZ-BOLEA A. et LETROUIT-GALINOU M.A. - Estimation

de la pollution atmosphérique du littoral du Tarragonés (Catalogne, Espagne) en

utilisant des lichens épiphytes comme bioindicateurs 131

GRIFFIN D. HIE - Oreoweisia erosa (C. Muell) Kindb., an african neotropical

disjunct ...... 297

HÉBRARD J.P. - Étude comparée de la végétation bryophytique des troncs de

“chêne vert et de chêne pubescent (peuplements âgés) dans la forêt domaniale de

la Gardiole de Rians (Var, France) d QS

HERGUIDO P. y RON E. - Sobre la germinacion de la espora en Phaeoceros

bulbiculosus (Brothero) Prosk. 353

JOVET-AST S. - Un complexe de taxons eg le genre Riccia.. 95

LETROUIT-GALINOU M.A. and BELLEMERE A. - Ascomatal Sei in

Lichens: a review 189

LOPEZ DE SILVANES M y CARBALLAL R. - Liquenes con cianoficeas de

Caaveiro, La Coruña (N-O de España) . 247

MONGE NAJERA J.M. - The relationship of epiphyllous liverworts with leaf

characteristics and light in Monte Verde, Costa Rica .. 345

ONRAEDT M. - Contribution à la flore bryologique de Guyane française IV 119

PATIDAR K.C. - Effect of sulphur dioxide (SO) on vegetative growth of two

liverworts .. 289

STERN R.C. en nicholsonii Culm, - new to France 171

TAN B.C. and KOPONEN T. - Additions and corrections for Philippine moss flora

235

TORRENTE P. y EGEA J.M. - Opegrapha celtidicola (Jatta) Jatta nombre

correcto para Opegrapha betulinoides B. de Lesd. and Opegrapha thallincola B.

de Lesd. 313

Source : MNHN. Paris

VITT D.H. and CAO T. - Mosses new to China from Heilongjiang and Jilin Pro-

vinces 283

Bibliographie bryologique 30, 173, 267, 361

Bibliographie lichénologique . ..89, 181, 276, 367

.88, 187, 215, 281, 360

373

Informations ....

Index ...

Commission paritaire 15-9-1981 - No 58611 - Dépôt légal n° 14785 - Imprimerie de Montligeon

Sorti des presses le 25 octobre - Imprimé en France

Éditeur : A.D.A.C. (Association des Amis des Cryptogames)

Président : A. Couté; Secrétaire : D. Lamy

Trésorier : R. Baudouin; Directeur de la publication : H. Causse

Source : MNHN. Paris

INSTRUCTIONS AUX AUTEURS

Les manuscrits proposés à CRYPTOGAMIE, Bryologie-Lichénologie, doi-

vent être fournis en double exemplaire, dactylographiés à double interligne, sans

rature ni surcharge, et comporter des marges droites et gauches de 25mm, et

hautes et basses de S0mm. Les auteurs sont priés de fournir des textes d'excel-

lente qualité d'encrage. Chaque manuscrit devra comporter:

- le titre de l'article, dans la langue du manuscrit, et sa traduction en anglais;

- le titre courant (haut-de-page) de 50 signes au maximum;

- le nom et les prénoms des auteurs et leurs adresses;

- deux résumés, l'un dans la langue du manuscrit, l’autre en français ou en an-

glais, d'environ 180 mots ou 15 lignes, faisant ressortir les résultats essentiels

exposés dans l'article;

- des légendes explicites des figures, planches et tableaux, sur feuilles séparées;

- une liste bibliographique par ordre alphabétique des auteurs et chronologique

par auteurs sans tenir compte des auteurs secondaires. Les titres des périodiques

devront être abrégés suivant le B-P-H (Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum,

Pittsburg: Hunt Botanical Library, 1968), les ouvrages cités selon F.A. Stafleu &

R.S. Cowan, 1976- ... Taxonomic literature. Ed. 2 Utrecht Antwerpen: Bohn,

Scheltema & Holkema ( Regnum vegetabile 94, 98, 105, 110...).

MONTAGNE C., 1838 - Centurie des plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles; Ann. Sci.

Nat., Bot., 2, 9: 38-57.

NEES VON ESENBECK C.G., 1836 - Hepaticae. In: Lindley J., A natural system of

Botany... Ed. 2. London. Pp. 412-414.

WATSON E.V., 1971 - The structure and life history of bryophytes. Ed. 3. London:

Hutschinson University Library. 211 p., 26 fig.

TEXTE. - La présentation du texte devra faire apparaitre clairement ses sub-

divisions et leur hiérarchie ainsi que le début des paragraphes. Les noms des au-

teurs qui suivent les binómes latins devront étre abrégés selon G. Sayre et al.,

1964 (The Bryologist 67 (2): 113-135). Les renvois à la liste bibliographique se

feront par le nom de l'auteur et l'année de publication (ex.: (Dubois 1980) ou

Dubois (1980) et non par les renvois numériques. La place des illustrations devra

être indiquée dans la marge. Les notes-infrapaginales sont à éviter.

ILLUSTRATIONS. - Toutes les illustrations, y compris les tableaux, doivent

étre des originaux de qualité suffisante pour la reproduction directe en offset. El-

les devront comporter les échelles et symboles nécessaires à leut compréhension.

En particulier, les tableaux devront étre dactylographiés par une machine

électrique ou composés en lettres de transfert. Les positifs des documents pho-

tographiques devront étre montés par planches. Toutes les illustrations doivent.

étre numérotées dans l'ordre d'appel dans le texte. Les auteurs devront tenir

compte du format de la revue (11 x l8cm) et de la réduction que subissent

éventuellement les originaux en choisissant l'épaisseur des traits et la taille des

lettres et des chiffres.

Les tirages à part et les planches photographiques sont à la charge des au-

teurs.

Source : MNHN, Paris

SOMMAIRE

D.H. VITT and T. CAO - Mosses new to China from Heilongjiang and

Jilin Provinces

K.C. PATIDAR - Effects of sulphur dioxide (0) on vegetative Both

of two liverworts

D. GRIFFIN, III - Oreoweisia erosa (C. Muell.) Kindb, an african-

neotropical disjunct .. S

P. BOUDIER - Observations sur la structure de la pero et de l'aperture

de la tétraspore de Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson .. "

J. ETAYO - Les lichens épiphytes du pin noir à Larra (Navarre,

gne) .. a

P. TORRENTE y J.M. EGEA - Opegrapha celtidicola (Jatta) Jatta nom-

bre correcto para Ee betulinoides B. de Lesd. y Opegrapha

thallincola B. de Lesd.

E. FUERTES LASALA and E. MARTINEZ-CONDE - Additions to the

bryoflora of the Picos de Europa, of Cantabria and the Iberian

Peninsula

CHOPRA and A. KAPUR - The effect of some chemicals on

ess growth and bud formation in the moss Timmiella anomala

R.N. CHOPRA and P. MEHTA - The effect of some amino acids and

vitamins on growth and fertility in male clones of the moss Microdus

brasiliens

. MONGE-NÁJERA - The relationship of epiphyllous liverworts with

leaf characteristics and light in Monte Verde, Costa Rica ....

P. HERGUIDO y E. RON - Sobre la germinación de la espora en

Phaeoceros EE

‘Informations

Bibliographie bryologique .

Bibliographie lichénologique .

Index ..

Table du Tome 10 ...

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1989, 10 (4) : 283-382

283

289

297

313

360