CRYPTOGAMIE

BRYOLOGIE-LICHÉNOLOGIE

ANCIENNE REVUE BRYOLOGIQUE ET LICHENOLOGIQUE

Fondée par T. HUSNOT en 1874

Directeur : Mme S. JOVET-AST

Rédaction : Mme H. BISCHLER, M. D. LAMY

Éditeur : A.D.A.C.

COMITÉ DE LECTURE

Bryologie: J. BERTHIER, J.L. DE SLOOVER, P. GEISSLER, S.R. GRADSTEIN, J.P.

HEBRARD, S. JOVET-AST, D. LAMY, M.C. NOAILLES, C. SUIRE.

Lichénologie: J. ASTA, T. BERNARD, B. BODO, W.L. CULBERSON, M.C. JANEX-

FAVRE, J. LAMBINON, M.A. LETROUIT-GALINOU, Cl. ROUX.

MANUSCRITS

Les instructions aux auteurs sont publiées dans le premier fascicule de chaque tome.

Les auteurs sont priés d'adresser leurs manuscrits (en double exemplaire) à la Rédaction de

CRYPTOGAMIE, Bryologie-Lichénologie, Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, 12 rue Buffon,

75005 Paris.

Les tirages à part et les planches photographiques sont à la charge des auteurs

ABONNEMENTS A CRYPTOGAMIE

Tome 12, 1991

CRYPTOGAMIE comprend trois Sections:

Algologie, Bryologie-Lichénologie, Mycologie.

Abonnement à l'une ou l'autre Section pour 1991:

France (326 F ht) 332,85 F ttc

Etranger . 357,00 F

Abonnement aux 3 Sections pour 199

France (918 F ht) 937,28 F ttc

Étranger . . 1000,00 F

CRYPTOGAMIE, Bryologie - Lichénologie est indexé par Biological Abstracts, Chemical

Abstracts, Publications bibliographiques du CDST (Pascal).

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOLOGIE

LICHENOLOGIE

TOME 12 Fascicule 2 1991

Publié avec le concours du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle

Bibliothèque Centrale Muséum

ЇЇ

3 3001 00227855 3

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1991, 12 (2): 95-110 95

UNE ASSOCIATION LICHÉNIQUE CORTICOLE

NOUVELLE, FRÉQUENTE DANS LA CHENAIE VERTE

DES ÎLES D'HYÈRES (VAR, SE DE LA FRANCE),

LE ZAMENHOFIETUM CORALLOIDEAE ROUX

et BRICAUD ASS. NOV.

Claude Roux* et Olivier Bricaud**

* C.N.R.S., U.R.A. 1152, Institut méditerranéen

d'écologie et de paléoécologie, Faculté des sciences et

techniques de Saint-Jérôme, rue Henri Poincaré,

F-13397 Marseille cedex 13.

** Quartier de la grande Taillade, F-84250 Le Thor

RESUME - Description du Zamenhofietum coralloideae Roux et Bricaud ass. nov.,

commune dans le Lauro-Quercetum ilicis des îles d’Hyeres, où il passe facilement

inaperçu, dans l'étage thermoméditerranéen supérieur, caractérisé surtout par

Zamenhofia coralloidea (P. James) Clauz. et Roux [= Z. stoechadiana (Rose et

Roux) Clauz. et Roux] et Enterographa crassa, d'écologie voisine de celle de

\'Hypocenomycetum stoechadianae Abbassi Maaf et Roux 1987 mais beaucoup moins

substratohygrophile et, en particulier, s'établissant sur rhytidome nettement moins

poreux.

RESUMO - Priskribo de Zamenhofietum coralloideae Roux et Bricaud ass. nov.,

ofta sed facile pretervidebla en Lauro-Quercetum ilicis de la insularo de Hyères, en la

supra termomediteranea etago, precipe karakterizata de Zamenhofia coralloidea (P.

James) Clauz. et Roux [= Z. stoechadiana (Rose et Roux) Clauz. et Roux] k de

Enterographa crassa, ekologie tre simila al Hypocenomycetum stoechadianae Abbassi

Maaf et Roux 1987 sed multe malpli substratohumideja k i.a. kreskanta sur ritidomo

ja malpli pora.

INTRODUCTION

Dans leur travail “Les peuplements lichéniques corticoles de la chénaie

verte: étude comparée de la gardiole de Rians et de l'ile de Port-Cros

(Var)', Abbassi Maaf et Roux (1987) ont étudié d'une maniére détaillée la

végétation lichénique corticole de la chénaie verte et de ses stades de

dégradation (maquis) dans les iles d’Hyeres. Parmi les associations décrites,

la plus remarquable est certainement l'Hypocenomycetum stoechadianae

Abbassi Maaf et Roux, caractérisée par la dominance des thalles crustacés et

squamuleux de petite taille, qui ne se rencontre guère que dans la chénaie

verte suffisamment dense, sur le rhytidome altéré du tronc des vieux chênes

verts. Dans cette même chênaie, sur les branches, plus éclairées et à

Source - MNHN, Paris

96 C. ROUX et O. BRICAUD

rhytidome presque lisse, Abbassi Maaf et Roux mentionnent la présence du

Parmelietum caperato-perlatae Delzenne-Van Haluwyn et Géhu 1978, asso-

ciation à grands lichens foliacés, surtout abondante dans les peuplements de

transition entre la chénaie verte et le maquis élevé à Arbutus unedo et à Erica

arborea.

Des recherches ultérieures, effectuées à la demande de la direction du

parc national de Port-Cros, dans les îles de Port-Cros et de Porquerolles, de-

vaient montrer l'existence, dans la chénaie verte, d'un autre peuplement

lichénique ayant des exigences écologiques intermédiaires entre

l'Hypocenomycetum et le Parmelietum, peuplement qui passe très facilement

inaperçu sur le terrain car constitué presque exclusivement de lichens à

thalle crustacé peu visibles.

Parmi les espèces de ce groupement, la plus caractéristique, souvent

également dominante, est certainement Zamenhofia coralloidea (P. James)

Clauz. et Roux que nous avons choisie pour nommer l'association. Ce

lichen avait été tout d'abord trouvé à Porquerolles et décrit comme une

espéce nouvelle, Zamenhofia stoechadiana (Rose et Roux) Clauzade et Roux

(Rose et Roux 1983), en raison de ses caractéres macroscopiques et micro-

scopiques bien différents de ceux mentionnés dans la description originale de

Porina coralloidea (James 1971), une espéce de Grande-Bretagne et de l'ouest

de la France, en particulier par ses spores à seulement 7-9 cloisons transver-

sales (au lieu de 9-12) et par ses isidies munies de courts poils hyalins. En

réalité, Sérusiaux (sous-presse) a établi la synonymie entre les deux taxons,

aprés examen des spécimens types et de nombreux échantillons des deux

espéces: contrairement à la description originale, les échantillons originaux

de Zamenhofia coralloidea ont des spores à 7-9 cloisons et des isidies à courts

poils hyalins. Récemment, l'un de nous (C. R.) a confirmé cette synonymie

en comparant le lichen des îles d’Hyéres avec des spécimens de Z. coralloidea

conservés dans l'herbier du British Museum (BM), parmi lesquels plusieurs

déterminés par P. James lui méme.

SITUATION GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET CARACTÉRES GÉNÉRAUX

DES CHENAIES VERTES ÉTUDIÉES

Les îles d'Hyéres (Var), encore nommées îles d'Or, comprennent (fig. 1)

trois îles principales: Porquerolles, le Levant et Port-Cros. Seules Por-

querolles et surtout Port-Cros possédent des foréts de Quercus ilex, surtout

bien représentées dans les vallons, les autres parties étant essentiellement

couvertes par le maquis élevé à Arbutus unedo et à Erica arborea ou par des

peuplements de transition entre les deux formations végétales, le maquis

élevé évoluant presque partout vers la chénaie verte.

La chénaie verte des iles d'Hyéres est soumise à un climat

méditerranéen relativement doux, comme le montre l'analyse des données

météorologiques des iles de Porquerolles et du Levant:

(D пе de Porquerolles: altitude de la station 143 m; période de janvier 1973 à

décembre 1982; ile du Levant: altitude 125m; de janvier 1979 à décembre 1988.

Source : MNHN, Paris

ZAMENHOFIETUM CORALLOIDEAE 97

a”

F =>

EE ae

= Port-Cros —

Porquerolles

nes HY

nes

Fig. 1 Situation géographique des iles d'Hyères.

- la température minimale moyenne du mois le plus froid (m) est de

6,6°C au Levant et de 6,9°C a Porquerolles;

- la température maximale moyenne du mois le plus chaud (M) de

27,4°C au Levant et de 27,1°C à Porquerolles;

- la température moyenne annuelle (T) de 15,6°C au Levant et de

15,5°C à Porquerolles.

On le voit, les températures de ces deux îles sont très voisines, et l'on

peut logiquement supposer qu'elles sont très semblables à Port-Cros qui se

trouve entre le Levant et Porquerolles. L’archipel peut donc être placé dans

la partie supérieure de l'étage thermoméditerranéen, étage caractérisé (Rivas-

Martinez 1981) par 10°C > m >3°C et T > 16°C, en admettant que m est

plus important que T dans la définition des étages de végétation.

Les précipitations moyennes annuelles sont de 776mm à Porquerolles et

de 662mm au Levant (différence due essentiellement au fait que les années

1987-1988 ont été anormalement séches) ce qui permet de classer les iles

d'Hyéres dans le bioclimat subhumide. Les diagrammes ombrothermiques

(fig. 2) montrent une période de sécheresse d'environ 3 mois. Il est impor-

tant d'ajouter que le caractére relativement humide des iles d'Hyéres est

renforcé par la fréquence des dépóts de rosée en raison de la proximité de la

mer. D'ailleurs, l'humidité relative moyenne annuelle est de 81% à

Porquerolles et de 82% au Levant et les moyennes mensuelles de l'humidité

relative minimale de l'air ne s’abaissent pas au-dessous de 58 % pendant la

saison séche.

D'un point de vue floristique, la chénaie verte des iles d'Hyères est

caractérisée par un sous-bois oü se rencontrent constamment Pistacia

lentiscus, Myrtus communis et Arum arisarum, et doit étre rapportée au

Lauro-Quercetum ilicis Barbero et Loisel 1983. Elle se développe sur un sol

brun acide qui repose sur une roche mére non calcaire, surtout formée de

Source : MNHN. Paris

98 C. ROUX et O. BRICAUD

Porquerolles

70 140

60 + | 120

504 p 100

40 + he

о 304 Foo

$ 20 40

$ 04 +20

5 т

Foo TT TER Fam o

dier MER Sia eg RS б

Mois

Le Levant

то 140

60 120

504 p 100

40 80

9 з 60

Pom 4o

$c 20

E T

Mois

Précipitations en mm

Fig. 2 - Diagrammes ombrothermiques des îles de Porquerolles (période de janvier

1973 à décembre 1982) et du Levant (période de janvier 1979 à décembre

1988). Note : les précipitations sont moins importantes à Vile du Levant essen-

tiellement à cause des années 1987-1988 qui ont été inhabituellement sèches.

phyllades, de micaschistes et de gneiss. Cette chênaie est particulièrement

bien développée à Port-Cros, car cette île jouit de bonnes conditions de pro-

tection depuis une centaine d'années (Abbassi Maaf et Roux 1987). La plu-

part de nos observations auront donc trait à l'ile de Port-Cros.

Source : MNHN, Paris

ZAMENHOFIETUM CORALLOIDEAE 99.

MÉTHODES D'ÉTUDE

I - Groupes cryptogamiques pris en considération

L'association étudiée comprend essentiellement des lichens, mais

héberge également de nombreux champignons non lichénisés, lichénicoles ou

non, et quelques bryophytes. En raison des difficultés de détermination des

champignons non lichénisés, plus particulièrement des non lichénicoles qui

sont trés mal connus en région méditerranéenne, beaucoup d'entre eux n'ont

pas pu être déterminés, mais ont été néanmoins distingués les uns des autres.

Par souci de simplification, les noms d'auteur des taxons ne sont pas

mentionnés: nous avons suivi la nomenclature des ouvrages suivants:

- pour les lichens, la flore de Clauzade et Roux (1985) et de ses

suppléments Clauzade et Roux (1987, 1989);

- pour les champignons lichénicoles non lichénisés, la flore de

Clauzade, Diederich et Roux (1989);

- pour les champignons ni lichénisés ni lichénicoles, la flore de Dennis

(1981);

- pour les bryophytes, les travaux de Düll (1983 et 1985).

II - Méthode d'échantillonnage

Nous avons utilisé la méthode du prélèvement intégral (Roux 1981,

1990) en raison de sa fiabilité et de sa précision. D'ailleurs, la méthode du

prélèvement partiel est pratiquement inutilisable dans le cas du

Zamenhofietum, car il n'est possible d'identifier sur le terrain que quelques

espèces, alors que l'examen au laboratoire, au moyen du stéréomicroscope,

montre que le nombre d'espéces est compris entre 12 et 34, parmi lesquelles

un nombre non négligeable a un recouvrement appréciable: comment attri-

buer d'une maniére sérieuse un coefficient de recouvrement à des espéces qui

ne sont pas reconnaissables sur le terrain ?

D'une maniére pratique, il suffit de prélever une surface de 100 à

150cm? (aire minimale quantitative de l'association) et de l'examiner en

totalité au laboratoire en notant la liste des espèces et leur recouvrement en

cm?. A noter que, lors du dépouillement, la presque totalité du nombre des

espéces est observée sur 50-70cm? seulement, mais que l'examen d'une surfa-

ce plus grande est nécessaire pour avoir des valeurs de recouvrement

représentatives.

ÉTUDE PHYTOSOCIOLOGIQUE DU ZAMENHOFIETUM

CORALLOIDEAE

I - Généralités

La chénaie verte des iles d’Hyéres, lorsqu’elle est bien développée, ce

qui est surtout le cas à Port-Cros, parait pauvre en lichens corticoles. Un

examen attentif permet de reconnaître un certain nombre d'espèces sur la

Source - MNHN, Paris

100 €. ROUX et O. BRICAUD

base des troncs de Quercus ilex, espèces appartenant à l'Hypocenomycetum

stoechadianae: Hypocenomyce stoechadiana Abbassi Maaf et Roux, Bacidia

rubella (Hoffm.) Massal., B. phacodes Körb., Normañdina pulchella (Borr.)

Nyl., Septobasidium bagliettoanum (Fr.) Bres. (champignon basidiomycète

nommé Septobasidium sp. par Abbassi Maaf et Roux 1987)... Mais cette as-

sociation, qui ne s'établit que sur rhytidome suffisamment altéré,

particulièrement poreux, est limitée aux arbres relativement âgés et ne re-

monte guère très haut le long des troncs (au maximum 2m). Sur rhytidome

lisse ou peu altéré (arbres peu âgés, parties relativement élevées des troncs

ou grosses branches), on n'observe guére qu'un nombre réduit de lichens

crustacés, dont quelques-uns seulement peuvent être déterminés sur le ter-

rain: Schismatomma decolorans, Zamenhofia coralloidea et Enterographa

crassa; et encore, ces deux derniers passent-il facilement inaperçus puisque

Zamenhofia n'a été découvert dans l'ile qu'en 1983 (Rose et Roux) et

Enterographa crassa en 1989 (Roux, non publié) !

En réalité, l'analyse au laboratoire du matériel récolté révèle la

présence de nombreux lichens et champignons non lichénisés absolument in-

visibles sur le terrain.

П - Physionomie (fig. 3)

Le Zamenhofietum est donc une association caractérisée par sa grande

discrétion, par la dominance extréme des lichens à thalle crustacé, dont le

recouvrement relatif (dominance relative, DR, voir Roux 1981) est de

88,9%, plus particulièrement par l'importance considérable des thalles à

Trentepohlia (DR = 80,9%). La plupart des thalles sont de teinte terne, sur-

tout grisâtre, blanchátre ou verdátre: Zamenhofia coralloidea, Enterographa

crassa, Opegrapha vulgata, Schismatomma decolorans et Porina borreri. Les

lichens à thalles squamuleux sont absents, les lichens foliacés (DR = 1,1%)

et les bryophytes (DR = 0,9%) presque inexistants; par contre, les champi-

gnons lichénicoles sont relativement bien représentés (DR = 10,2%), avec

surtout Hysterium angustatum.

III - Composition floristique (tableau 1)

A. Caractéristiques de l'association: Zamenhofictum coralloideae Roux et

Bricaud ass. nov. (holotype: rel. n? 1)

Caractéristiques proprement dites. - Au moins dans les iles d’Hyeres,

Zamenhofia coralloideae et Enterographa crassa, espèces typiquement

méditerranéo- atlantiques, sont de bonnes caractéristiques du Zamenhofietum

coralloidea. Dans les spécimens de Zamenhofia coralloidea britanniques,

examinés par l'un de nous, il est tout à fait remarquable que Zamenhofia

Soit associé en moyenne une fois sur deux à Enterographa crassa, ce qui cor-

respond assez exactement à sa fréquence dans les relevés de Port-Cros. A ces

deux espèces, il faut peut-être rajouter un champignon non lichénisé,

lichénicole facultatif, indéterminé, appartenant au genre Caliciopsis, que

nous avons observé presque exclusivement dans le Zamenhofietum.

Source : MNHN, Paris

ZAMENHOFIETUM CORALLOIDEAE 101

71,2% Légende

crustacé, sans Trentepohlia

Ct = lichens à thalle

crustacé, à Trentepohlia

Pf = petits lichens foliacés

Ch = champignons non

lichénisés

B = bryophytes

Fig. 3 - Spectre biologique des divers types de thalles dans le Zamenhofietum

coralloideae.

Caractéristiques locales. - Trois espèces se rencontrent à Port-Cros uni-

quement ou presque uniquement dans le Zamenhofietum: Opegrapha vulgata,

Porina borreri et Porina leptalea. Comme leur répartition est relativement

vaste, on peut supposer qu'elles caractérisent des unités supérieures, mais, en

raison du caractère hypothétique de ces dernières, nous avons pour l'instant

considéré ces espéces comme caractéristiques locales de l'association.

Différentielles du Zamenhofietum par rapport à V Hypocenomycetum. -

Plusieurs autres taxons, qui existent également dans l'Opegraphetum

ochrocinctae (= О. "ochrocheilae" Boqueras et Gomez-Bolea 1987), peuvent

être considérés comme des différentielles du Zamenhofietum par rapport à

Y'Hypocenomycetum: Schismatomma decolorans, Bactrospora patellarioides,

Pertusaria pustulata, Lecanora lividocinerea...

B. Transgressives

Elles proviennent surtout de l'Hypocenomycetum stoechadianae et sont

essentiellement représentées par deux basidiomycétes non lichénisés, pion-

niers de V Hypocenomycetum, Hyphodontia sp. et Septobasidium

bagliettoanum, espèces qui sont essentiellement localisées dans les fissures,

mais peuvent déborder de celles-ci. Par contre, les lichens de I’

Hypocenomycetum ont un recouvrement extrémement faible.

Source : MNHN, Paris

102 C. ROUX et O. BRICAUD

Tableau 1 – Zamenhofietum stoechadianae : tableau des relevés (les recouvrements

sont exprimés en %).

Numéros des relevés i[2]TsT4[]5]$][7]58 [э [р RM

Altitude en m 35 | 35 | 35 | 10 | 65 | 10 | 120 150 | 130 en

Exposition _ générale N | N | N | N [NNE] N [NN | NE %

Exposition locale М |NNW| E [NNW] NNE [WNW] E | NE

Phorophyte

~ nature oœ аа а Гата Га | a |а

“hauteur en m үү CE 146:1787) 8.1 48 | #2 1.7

> diamètre en m, à 1 m au-dessus du sol | 0,22 | 0,25 | 0.25 | 0,4 [0.22 |0.22| 0.4 | 0,2 | 0.2 |

= partie étudiée a] е penis sc: „4 IE EXER e rz] 8

= diamètre de la partie étudiée enm ^ 0.22 | 0,25 0,25] 0.4 [0:25 | 0:22 [0,45 | 0.2 | 0.2

Hauteur du relevé par rapportau sol, enm| O9 | 1 | 0,6 [1,3 | 04 | 12 [04 | 1 | 1

Pente en * = 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90

Surface relevée en cm 120 | 110 | 110 | 110 | 110 | 110] 100 | 120 | 110

1- Caractéristiques de l'association

A. Caractéristiques proprement dites

Zamenhofia coralloidea 1401483] 3,0 161,8132,9 [51,6 [170 | 89 [127] V [278

[Enterographa crassa _ 269|55 |519| 61 | 9.6 m [11.1 |

(9) Caliciopsis sp. 0,1 [90 02 | 01 її | 0,0

B. Caractéristiques locales _

Opegrapha vulgata 06 [55 [33 | 29 | 15 [215]486[55 | 2 [| V

Porina borreri 0.1 | 81 | 60 39 | 28 | 3,5 |339|130| V

Porina leptalea 01] ï

C. Principales différentielles du Zamenh

'ofietum par r:

ort à l'Hypocenomycetum

Schismatomma decolorans, st 15,4] 09 [11.4 76 | 2,0 | 28 [2541195] V | 94 |

Pertusaria pustulata (forme d'ombre) | 0,2 ] 07 | 04 | 04 | 00 [18,7] IV | 23 |

| Bactrospora patellarioides 27 [05 |01 12,7 2.6 | 26 | IV | 2.

Ш - Transgressives

A. De l'Hypocenomycetum — stoechadianae

Hyphodontia sp. (1) 10 [4,0 [OTT 4.2 [02 0.0 у | 0,3

| Septobasidium baghettoanum (1) 05 13,8 1116

Opegrapha varia ("pulicaris") 0,0 20 1102

Thelopsis rubella 08 ол [и [0,1

Bacidia rubella (1) 00 | 0,5 04 116,1

Dimerella tavaresiana, < 05 T [0,4

Porina aenea, < 00 00

Lophiostoma sp. (1,2) 00 170,0

B. De l'Opegraphetum ochrocinctae ("O. ochrocheilae") et des unités supérieures

différentielles par rapport à l'Hypocenomycetum)

Lecanora lividocinerea, < 01 [00 18 57 [11 | 09

Caloplaca quercina, < 0,1 | 0,1 0,3 11] mM [02

Pyrrhospora quernea, <, st 02 T [00

Opegrapha celtidicola 02 T [00

Opegrapha ochrocincta 0,0 | ï [0.0

C. Du Parmelion perlatae et des Physcietalia _adscendentis

Physcia adscendens, j, st 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,8 12 27] M | 06

Parmelia perlata, |, st 0,7 | 0.7 ї | 02

Parmelia saxatilis, j. st 15 1 [02

Parmelia borreri v. borreri, j. st 94 1100

Parmelia sulcata, 0.0 T [00

Source : MNHN. Paris

ZAMENHOFIETUM CORALLOIDEAE 103

Numéros des relevés 7121319151617 [8 [9 [P RWG

IV-Compagnes ou espèces de position sociologique incertaine

A. Lichens

Lichen st. sp.1 (3) 00] 16] 01] 01] 04] 15] 02105 [o2 | V [ 05

Lichen st. sp. 2 (4) 06 0,0 | 0,3 | 0,2 | 0,4 | 0,2 | 0.1 | 00 | V | 02

[Pertusaria amara, st 47100 33 1109

Lecanora chlarotera f. chi. 16 33 її | 0,5

Lecanora sp. (cf. conizella) 0,1 0,0 u | 00]

Schismatomma ricasolii (5) 64 =. 1 [0,7

Pertusaria hymenea, | 33 1 [04

[Lecidea 51. sp.1 (6) 0,9 1 [ot |

Lecania cyrtellinoides 02 i [0.0

Pertusaria heterochroa, | 02 EN 1100

|Cliostomum griffithii em 1 [00

Lichen st. sp. 5 (7) 01 i [0,0

Lichen st. sp. 6 (8) Joof 1 [0.0

Hyperphyscia adgluttinata, j, st Tes 0.0 E: 1 [0,0

Lichen sp. 4 (9) 00 100

(Chrysothrix candelaris, st 00 E 1100

В. Champignons lichénicoles non lichénisés

Taeniolella sp. (10) 1.1 | 0,0 10,111.110,11041081021021V104

Vouauxiella lichenicola (11) 33 1104

Coelomycetes sp. (12) 17 1102

Echinothecium reticulatum (13) 0,0 1100

Pharcidia cf. thallina (14) 00 1 [0,0

Bispora christiansenit (15) 00 1100

Pyrénomycète sp. (16) 0,0 1100

Pyrénomycète sp. (17) 0.0 1100

C. Champignons non lichénisés, non lichénicoles

Hysterium angustatum 13 | 4,0 | 5.6 | 46155 15119914288] V

Polycoccum sp. (18) = 0,1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0,0 | 0.3 | 0,5 0,0 | V

Lasiosphaeria cf. hirsuta 0.0 | 0,1 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 06 0,0 | 0,0 | 00 | V

Discomycète sp. 1 (19) 0,0 | 01 02 Ш

Ophiobolus sp. (208) 00101 Ш

Marasmiaceae sp. pa [03 0,1 il

Nectria sp. (21) _ 00 01 її

Pyrénomycète sp.2 (22) |00 00 |

[Pyrénomycète sp. (23) T 00 00 | 11

|Melaspilea ? (24) T Ï

Pyrénomycète sp. (25) 3

Pyrénomycète sp 5 (26) ME

[Pyrenomycetes sp. 12 (27) бб ï

Pyrénomycète sp.4 (28) = 0.0 ï

[Opegraphaceae sp. ? (29) 0,0 П

|Myxomycetes sp. (30) 00 ï

D. Bryophytes (hépatiques) Ч

Frullania dilatata, j, st 15123 00 бл [її [05

Cololejeunea minutissima, st 27 T [03

Recouvrement total en % 81,3] 85,8] 83.3] 84.0] 94,1] 97,2] 85,1] 81,3] 93.8) 873

Nombre de taxons 34| 27] 17] 21] 28] 18| 18 12| 21 69

Nombre moyen de taxons par relevé 21,8]

Note : les recouvrements inférieurs à 0,05 % sont indiqués par 0,0

Source : MNHN. Paris

104 C. ROUX et O. BRICAUD

(1) Dans les fissures du rhytidome, mais débordant parois.

(2) Spores à 7 cloisons.

(3) Thalle granuleux-pulvérulent vert moyen, I-, K-, C-, P-.

(4) Thalle granuleux-pulvérulent vert clair, l-, K-, C-, P-

(5) Envahi par Enterographa crassa et Pertusaria amara.

(6) Paraphyses capitées.

(7) Thalle granuleux-pulverulent vert-clair, subfilamenteux, 1-, K-, C-, P-.

(8) Thalle crustacé, vert, à soralies bien délimitées, l-, K-

(9) Thalle granuleux-pulvérulent vert foncé, l-, K-, C-, P-

(10) Saprophyte sur thalles à Trentepohlia, notamment de Schismatomma decolorans.

(11) Dans les apothécies de Lecanora chlarotera.

(12) Pycnides munies d'un bec ; сопісе courtes, non cloisonnées, incolores. Sur lichen crustacé stérile

à thalle blanc, indéterminé,

(13) Sur le thalle de Parmelia periata.

(14) Spores 15-20 x 3-4 um ; sur thalle crustacé, stérile, en mauvais état

(15) Dans les apothécies de Bactrospora patellarioides.

(16) Périthàces morts ; spores uniseptées, incolores, sur thalle à Trentepohlia.

(17) Spores à 5 cloisons transversales, incolores, sur thalle à Trentepohlia.

(18) Spores halonées.

(19) Excipulum très distinctement paraplectenchymateux ; spores brunes à 7 cloisons transversales.

(20) Périthéces grands ; spores acículaires, incolores, à environ 20 cloisons transversales.

(21) Périthéces rouges.

(22) Spores (12-13 x 3 um) à 3 cloisons transversales ; peu de paraphyses.

(23) Périhèces dépourvus de spores.

(24) Spores incolores, 1-septées.

(25) Spores brunes, à 3 cloisons transversales, munies d'un prolongement incolore à 2 cloisons.

(26) Périthéces coniques, noirs; des paraphyses; spores incolores, à 5 cloisons transversales, fusi-

formes.

(27) Périthéces petits : spores aciculaires, à 10-15 cloisons transversales.

(28) Périhèces à bec court; spores brunes à 3 cloisons transversales.

(29) Aspect de Lecidea sp. à apothécies concaves.

(80) Sporophores globuleux, roux

Abbréviations

Qi = Quercus ilex ; j = jeune ; st = stérile ; T = tronc ;

Р = présence ; RMG = recouvrement moyen global.

= mal développé ;

Localisation des relevés

SE de la France, Provence, Var, archipel des iles d'Hyères.

1 : Île de Port-Cros, entre le cimetière et la pointe de Miladou, maquis élevé passant à la futaie de

Quercus ilex.

2 : Île de Port-Cros, sentier des crêtes, entre le mont Vignaigne et la Vigie. Taillis de Quercus Лех.

3 : Île de Port-Cros, 200 m à l'W du роп. Taillis de Quercus ilex.

4 : lle de Port-Cros, bas du vallon Noir, 250 m au SSE de la Palud. Futaie de Quercus ilex.

Île de Port-Cros, les Chênes. Taillis de Quercus ilex.

Île de Porquerolles, 450 m au S de la plage d'Argent, maquis élevé passant à la futaie de Quercus

ilex.

7 : Île de Port-Cros, 200 m au NW de l'héliport. Taillis de Quercus ilex.

8 Île de Port-Cros, 90 m au NNE du mont Vignaigne, au-dessous du sentier des crêtes. Taillis de

Quercus ilex.

Île de Port-Cros, 250 m au SSE du mont Vignaigne, un peu au-dessus du sentier des crêtes. Tails

de Quercus ilex.

Source - MNHN. Paris

ZAMENHOFIETUM CORALLOIDEAE 105

On note également quelques espèces de l'Opegraphetum ochrocinctae,

plus particulièrement Lecanora lividocinerea et Caloplaca quercina, qui sont le

plus souvent en mauvais état ou représentées par des formes d'ombre, ainsi

que quelques espéces du Parmelion perlatae et des Physcietalia adscendentis.

C. Variabilité - Formes de transition

Le Zamenhofietum est une association particulièrement variable car la

plupart de ses caractéristiques ou différentielles peuvent former des faciè:

- faciès à Zamenhofia coralloidea, particulièrement répandu sur Arbutus

unedo où Zamenhofia forme souvent des peuplements quasi monospécifiques;

- faciès à Enterographa crassa, où Zamenhofia est souvent rare ou méme

absent;

- faciès à Opegrapha vulgata;

- faciés à Porina borreri, pauvre en espéces.

Par ailleurs, dans des conditions écologiques intermédiaires, le

Zamenhofietum tend à se mélanger à d’autres associations, plus

particulièrement avec l'Hypocenomycerum stoechadianae (tab. 2) lorsque le

rhytidome du phorophyte est suffisamment altéré, et avec l'Opegraphetum

ochrocinctae lorsque la luminosité est relativement élevée. Dans ce dernier

cas, Zamenhofia coralloidea et Enterographa crassa manquent le plus souvent

et l'association n'est reconnaissable qu'à l'abondance d'Opegrapha vulgata et

de Porina borreri (tab. 3).

IV - Écologie

Dans les iles d'Hyères, le Zamenhofierum coralloideae apparait comme

une association relativement sciaphile qui a son optimum dans la chénaie

verte dense. Dans les milieux plus ouverts, elle tend à être remplacée par des

peuplements à Parmelia ou par l'Opegraphetum ochrocinctae. Elle s'établit

sur le tronc et les grosses branches de divers feuillus, plus particulièrement

de Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo, Erica arborea, Olea europaea,... de 0,4 m

jusqu'à 5 métres de hauteur. L'association s'appauvrit du bas vers le haut;

ainsi, Zamenhofia et Enterographa disparaissent le plus souvent à partir de

2-3m de hauteur, et l'on ne rencontre au-dessus que la forme appauvrie à

Opegrapha vulgata et Porina borreri.

Relativement aérohygrophile, le Zamenhofietum est cependant beaucoup

moins substratohygrophile que l’Hypocenomycetum et peut s'établir sur des

rhytidomes peu ou pas altérés. De ce fait, le Zamenhofietum est fréquent

dans le taillis, alors que l’Hypocenomycetum est surtout commun dans la

futaie de chêne vert.

V - Répartition géographique

Le Zamenhofietum passant très facilement inaperçu, il va de soi que sa

répartition géographique est fort mal connue.

Source : MNHN. Paris

106 C. ROUX et O. BRICAUD

Tableau 2 – Peuplement de transition entre le Zamenhofietum stoechadianae

et l'Hypocenomycetum stoechadianae (les recouvrements sont exprimés en %)

1- Espèces du Zamenhofietum (y compris les différentielles*)

Enterographa crassa (1) 1276 FSchismatomma decolorans (3) 64]

"Opegrapha vulgata (2) 72 ['Bactrospora pafellarioides (4) 05 |

Porina borreri 28

ll- Espèces de l'Hypocenomycetum et des unités supérieures

Hypocenomyce stoechadiana, st 182 Opegrapha varia ('pulicaris" 02

Gyalecta liguriensis. 3.0 Septobasidium bagliettoanum 08

Opegrapha corticola, st, < 04 [Hyphodontia sp. 0.0

Porina aenea 212 Orbilia luteorubella 03

11— Transgressives de l'Opegraphetum ochrocinctae et des unités supérieures

Caloplaca quercina, < (4) 26 Lecanora lividocinerea [14

Pyrrhospora quernea, j, st 08 |

IV- Compagnes

A. Lichens с

Hyperphyscia adgluttinata, st 25 Physcia adscendens, j, st 00]

Lichen sp. 2 (5) 02 Lichen sp. 1 (8) 00

Catillaria griffithi 0.0 Lichen sp. (7) — 0,0

B. Champignons non lichénisés

Taeniolella sp. (8) [X] [Marasmiaceae sp 03

[Epigioea sp., < (9) 00 | 'Ophiobolus sp. (10) 0,0

Hysterium angustatum T4 Polycoccum sp. (11) 00

C. Bryophytes = ы

Orthotrichum diaphanum (12) 97 Prolonémas de mousses (14) __

Orthotrichum sp. (13) 0.4 Frullania dilatata, j, st

Recouvrement global 95,2% Nombre de taxons 31

(1) Souvent envahi par les Opegrapha et méme par Lecanora lividocinerea.

(2) Envahit Enterographa crassa.

(3) Fertile ! Envahit Opegrapha vulgata.

(4) Forme d'ombre.

(5) Thalle granuleux-pulvérulent vert clair, I, K-, C-, P-

(6) Thalle granuleux-pulvérulent vert moyen, |-, K-, C-, P-

(7) Aspect de Biatora, thalle à Trentepohlia.

(8) Saprophyte sur thalles à Trentepohlia, notamment de Schismatomma decolorans.

(9) Sur protonémas de mousses.

(10) Périthéces grands ; spores aciculaires, incolores, à environ 20 cloisons transversales.

(11) Spores halonées ; libre ou sur Porina aenea.

(12) Forme à nombreuses propagules foliaires.

(13) Très petit, stérile, sans propagules.

(14) Non comptés dans le nombre d'espèces

Localisation du relevé

SE de la France, Provence, Var, archipel des iles d'Hyères, Пе de Porquerolle, 450 m au S de la plage

d'Argent. Phorophyte : Quercus ilex; hauteur 6,5 m; diamètre : 0,20 m (à 1 m au-dessus du sol), 0,25 m

(à la base). Relevé effectué sur le tronc, à 1 m au-dessus du sol. Pente : 90°; orientation générale

WNW; locale N. Altitude : 10 m. Surface relevée : 150 cm2. Maquis élevé passant à la futaie de Quer-

cus ilex.

Source : MNHN. Paris

ZAMENHOFIETUM CORALLOIDEAE

107

Tableau 3 — Forme appauvrie du Zamenhofietum stoechadianae : tableau

des relevés (les recouvrements sont exprimés en %).

Numéros des relevés i 2 | 3 | 4 | P амс

Altitude en m 10 | 15 | 20 | 30 en

Exposition générale WNW|WNW| W | ESE %

Exposition locale N | W [WNW|ESE

Phorophyte

- nature ai Qi Qi Qi |

= hauteur en m BI ERE 3a 6< 8

= diamètre en m (à 1 m au-dessus du sol) | 0,2 | 025 | 0.1 | 0.13

- partie étudiée ES EEE eae d o

- diam. de la partie étudiée 02 | 0,25 | бл | 0,13

Hauteur du relevé par rapport au sol, en m T [ 13. 2131708

Pente en °_ 90 | 90 | 90 | 80

Surface relevée en cm? 150 | 150 | 150 | 150

1- Caractéristiques de l'association

A. Caractéristiques locales

Opegrapha vulgata [09 [264 | 906 | 536 | V | 429

Porina borreri Уу ШЕ ЕЛЕЕ: К Ши (ЕХ -| N 4:22

В. Principales différentielles du Zamenhofietum par

rapport à l'Hypocenomycetum

Schismatomma decolorans, si 522 [ 21,3 | 01 | 09 | V | 186

Pertusaria pustulata (forme d'ombre) 127 | 10,7 186 | IV | 105

Bactrospora patellarioides 09 | 01 | 05 |W | 04

Ill - Transgressives

A. De l'Hypocenomycetum — stoechadianae

Septobasidium bagliettoanum (1) 06 ал | M [12

Porina aenea, < 00 | үл | 00

Bacidia rosella, | 1 oo | ı | 00

B. De l'Opegraphetum ochrocinctae ("O. осі

'rocheilae") et des unités supérieures

{différentielles par rapport à I'Hypocenomycetum)

Lecanora Iividocinerea, < 24 | 01 її | 08

Pyrrhospora quernea, <, sï 131] Tï | 3,3

C. Du Parmelion perlatae et des Physcietalia _adscendentis

Physcia adscendens, j, st 0,0 T | 00

IV-Compagnes ou espèces de position sociologique Incertaine

A. Lichens

Tecanora chlaroteraf. chi. 09 | 25 56 [iv | 22

Lichen st sp. 2 (2) 60 | 00 | 01 WV | 15

Lichen st sp. 1 (3) = 12 [02 W | 04

Lichen st sp. 3 (4) - oi | 00 | m | 00

Buela punctata 14 |i | 0,3

Cliostomum griffithii 0,1 | u | 00

B. Champignons lichénicoles non lichénisés

Taeniolella sp. (5). ss | 07 | 05 | 07] v [tt

Vouauxiella lichenicola (6) — _ 00 | 00 w її | 00

'Rhymbocarpus pertusariae ined. (7) 0,0 11 [W | 0,3

Bispora christiansenii (9) 00 00 | m | 0.0

Stemphylum sp. (?) 00 | | 00

Source : MNHN. Paris

108 C. ROUX et ©. BRICAUD

Numéros des relevés 172 7 5 1 4 TFT

C. Champignons поп lichenises, non lichénicoles

Hysterium angustatum 38 |18 |12 | 49 | V] 29

Polycoccum sp. (10) 00 | 07 05 | V] 03

Lasiosphaeria cl. hirsuta 0,0 | 00 m | 0.0

Pyrénomycête sp. (8) EX] ї | 2.0

Discomycéte sp. 1 (17) 0,1 ї | 0,0

|Discomycäte sp. 2 (12) 00 ї [00

Marasmiaceae sp. 00 100

Pyrénomycète sp. (13) 0,0 | 00 m | 0.0

Pyrénomycète sp. (14) 00 | 1 00

Recouvrement total en % 1100,91 69,6 [1015] 915 910

[Nombre total de taxons 19 |-20 | 10 [ ej [34

Nombre moyen d'espèces par relevé 16,3]

Note : les recouvrements inférieurs à 0,05 % sont indiqués par 0,0

(1) Dans les crevasses du rhytidome, mais pouvant déborder de celles-ci

(2) Thalle granuleux-pulverulent vert clair, I-, K-, C-, P-

(3) Thalle granuleux-pulvérulent vert moyen, I-, K-, C-, P-

(4) Thalie granuleux-pulvérulent vert foncé, I-, K-, C-,

(5) Saprophyte sur le thalle de divers lichens à Trentepohlia.

(6) Dans les apothécies de Lecanora chlarotera.

(7) Pöritheces dans les verrues tructiféres de Pertusaria pustulata, Spores 9-11 x 3-5 um.

(6) Parmi les thalles d'Opegrapha vulgata. Paraphyses simples. Spores (22-29 x 13-15 um), incolores,

simples.

(9) Dans thymenium de Lecanora chlarotera et de Buellia punctata.

(10) Spores halonées.

(11) Exeipulum très distinctement paraplectenchymateux ; spores brunes à 7 cloisons transversales.

(12) Apothécies noires ; pas de spores

(13) Périthéces dépourvus de spores.

(14) Spores brunes, à 3 cloisons transversales, munies d'un prolongement incolore à 2 cloisons.

Abbréviations

Qi = Quercus ilex ; j = jeune ; st = stérile ; T = tronc ; < = mal développé :

résence ; RMG = recouvrement moyen global

Localisation des relevés

SE de la France, Provence, Var, archipel des iles d'Hyères, ile de Porquerolles. Maquis élevé passant

au taillis ou à la futaie (n°1 et 2) de Quercus ilex.

1: 450 m au S de la plage d'Argent

2 : 600 m au S de la plage d'Argent

8: E du mont l'Esterely, 250 m au NNE de la calanque de Brégançonnet

4: E du mont l'Esterely, 350 m au NNE de la calanque de Brégançonnet

Dans la région méditerranéenne frangaise, nous l'avons jusqu'ici

observé uniquement dans les îles d'Hyéres, mais il est vraisemblable qu'il

existe également dans les chénaies vertes littorales appartenant au Lauro-

Quercetum ilicis, à l'est de Toulon, plus particuliérement entre Saint-Tropez

et Nice, et en Corse.

On peut cependant logiquement supposer que le Zamenhofietum a une

répartition bien plus vaste puisque ses principales caractéristiques,

Zamenhofia coralloidea et Enterographa crassa, sont des méditerranéo-

atlantiques qui existent également dans l’ouest de la France et dans les iles

Source - MNHN. Paris

ZAMENHOFIETUM CORALLOIDEAE 109

Britanniques. N'ayant pas exploré ces régions d'un point de vue

phytosociologique, nous ne pouvons pas préciser si, en région atlantique,

Zamenhofia coralloidea appartient à la même association que celle que nous

avons définie dans les iles d'Hyères.

Remerciements. - Nous tenons tout particuliérement à remercier la direction, le

comité scientifique et le personnel du parc national de Port-Cros, qui nous ont

autorisés à prélever des échantillons, nous ont aidés financiérement et nous ont ac-

cueillis sur l'ile. Nous sommes également reconnaissants aux docteurs B. Coppins

(Edinburgh), J.-P. Hébrard (Marseille), L. Tibell (Uppsala) et A. Vezda (Brno) pour

la détermination d'échantillons, ainsi qu'à G. Clauzade qui a relu notre manuscrit .

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

ABBASSI MAAF L. et ROUX C., 1987 - Les peuplements lichéniques corticoles de

la chênaie verte: étude comparée de la gardiole de Rians et de lile de Port-Cros

(Var). Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence "1986" 1987, 38: 189-245.

BOQUERAS i BAILINA M. & GOMEZ-BOLEA A., 1987 - La vegetacion

liquenica epifitica de Quercus suber L. en Catalunya (España). Act. VI Simp.

Nac. Bot. Cript.: 371-382.

CLAUZADE G. et ROUX C. 1985 - Likenoj de Okcidenta Europo.

Tlustritadeterminlibro. Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n° spéc. 7, 893 + 2 p.

CLAUZADE G. et ROUX C., 1987 - Likenoj de Okcidenta Europo. Suplemento 2a.

Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n.s., 18: 177-214.

CLAUZADE G. et ROUX C., 1989 - Likenoj de Okcidenta Europo. Suplemento

3a (Lichens d'Europe occidentale. 3° supplément). Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 40:

73-110.

CLAUZADE G., DIEDERICH P. ct ROUX C., 1989. - Nelikenigintaj fungoj

likenlogaj - llustrita determinlibro (Champignons lichénicoles non lichénisés -

Flore illustrée). Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence, n° spécial 1, 142p.

DENNIS R. G. W, 1981. - British Ascomycetes. Vaduz: J. Cramer, 44 + 26 + 585

р.

DULL. R., 1983 - Distribution of the European and Macaronesian liverworts

(Hepaticophytina). Bryol. Beitr. 2: 1-114.

DULL R., 1985 - Distribution of the European and Macaronesian mosses

(Bryophytina). Part Il. Bryol. Beitr. 5: 110-232.

JAMES P., 1971 - New or interesting British lichens. Lichenologist 3: 114-148.

RIVAS-MARTINEZ S., 1981 - Les étages bioclimatiques de la végétation de la

péninsule ibérique. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 37(2) (Act. Ш Congr. OPTIMA):

251-268.

ROSE F. et ROUX C., 1983 - Porina stoechadiana Rose et Roux sp. nov. Bull. Mus.

Hist. Nat. Marseille, 42: 69-74.

ROUX C., 1981 - Étude écologique et phytosociologique des peuplements lichéniques

saxicoles-calcicoles du sud-est de la France. Biblioth. lichenol. 15: 1-557.

Source : MNHN, Paris

110 C. ROUX et O. BRICAUD

ROUX C., 1990 - Echantillonnage de la végétation lichénique et approche critique

des méthodes de relevés. Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichenol. 11(2): 95-108.

SERUSIAUX E., 1991 - Porina rosei, une espèce nouvelle d'Europe occidentale.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichenol. 12 (1): 31-39.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1991, 12 (2): 111-148 111

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY AND

COMPARISON WITH THE CHANNEL ISLANDS

J.W. Bates*

* Department of Biology, Imperial College at

Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire 81.5 7PY, U.K.

ABSTRACT - The bryoflora of Belle-Ile-en-Mer, the largest of the islands of Britta-

ny, comprises 165 species and 13 infraspecific taxa of mosses and 46 species of liver-

worts. The ecology of important groupings of bryophytes, including species of earth

banks, saxicolous species, epiphytes and calcicoles, is discussed and the importance,

in an exposed environment, of north- and south-facing aspects for uncommon Atlan-

tic and Mediterranean taxa, respectively, is emphasised, Only 19 species found on

Belle-Ile are absent from the bryoflora of the climatically and topographically similar

Channel Islands. Over 120 taxa known from the Channel Islands are absent from

Belle-Ile, foremost amongst these being mesic woodland species and semi-aquatics.

Many of the absentees from the Belle-Ile flora are calcifuges, probably as a conse-

quence of wind-blown calcareous sand which is deposited on the siliceous soils and

rock faces.

RÉSUMÉ - La bryoflore de Belle-Ile-en-Mer, la plus grande des iles de Bretagne,

compte 165 espèces et 13 taxons infraspécifiques de mousses ct 46 espèces

d'hépatiques. L’écologie des principaux groupements de muscinées (espèces des ta-

lus, saxicoles, épiphytes ct ca.cico! s) est étudiée. Dans ce milieu exposé et

désséchant en été, l'orientation au nord et au sud joue un rôle important pour les

espèces atlantiques et méditerranéennes rares. Seulement 19 espèces présentes a

Belle-Ile ne le sont pas dans les autres Iles Anglo-Normandes où, pourtant, le climat

et la topographie sont semblables. Plus de 120 taxons des Iles Anglo-Normandes ne

se trouvent pas à Belle-Ile, surtout les espèces des forêts humides et les semi-

aquatiques. Un grand nombre de ces taxons sont des calcifuges; cette absence est

probablement due au sable calcaire déposé sur les sols et les parois rocheuses

Siliceuses par le vent.

INTRODUCTION

Belle-Ile-en-Mer (Lat. 47°20’N Long. 3*10"W) lies approximately 13km

SSW of Pointe du Conguel at the southernmost tip of the Quiberon penin-

sula, Morbihan, Brittany (Fig. 1). It is the largest member of an archipelago

which includes the inhabited islets of Houat and Hoedic. The Ile de Groix,

a more distant neighbour and the subject of an early bryological study (Ca-

mus 1899), is 30km to the north west and only 5 km from the breton main-

land.

Source : MNHN. Paris

J.W. BATES

112

Pointe des Poulains

Pointe du

Taillefer

Pointe du

Talut

“azg

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 113

Although Belle-Ile is the most important of the breton islands it has

never been the subject of a fully comprehensive bryological survey. Records

made in the late nineteenth century by Fernand Camus or his correspon-

dants and mentioned by Gaume (1950-1952) in his essay and later catalogue

(Gaume 1956-1957) on the bryoflora of Brittany indicate that the island was

formerly, at least, of considerable interest and thus worthy of detailed study.

Gaume noted the occurrence on Belle-Ile of calcicoles, a group poorly re-

presented in Brittany because of its prevailing acidic lithology. Furthermore,

several species previously recorded on Belle-Ile, e.g. Riccia cilüfera, Cheilothe-

la chloropus and Bartramia stricta, have strong affinities with the mediterra-

nean flora and are also uncommon on the adjacent mainland. Since consid-

erable changes in land use have occurred on many islands over the last

century (see Bates 1989) a full survey of the bryoflora of Belle-Ile is highly

desirable. On the basis of preliminary data Camus (1899) remarked on the

similarities between the bryophyte flora of the neighbouring Ile de Groix

and the floras of the principal Channel Islands (Les Iles Anglo-Normandes),

Jersey and Guernsey. A comparison of the bryophyte flora of Belle-Ile with

that of the climatically and topographically comparable Channel Islands is

also made here.

TOPOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION

Belle-Ile measures approximately 17km from Pointe des Poulains to

Pointe du Skeul and has a maximum width of 9.5km between Pointe de

Taillefer and Pointe du Talut (Fig. 1). The island forms a simple plateau of

metamorphic grey schists and phyllites of late Precambrian (Brioverian) age

(Anderson 1978) with small areas of rhyolitic tuffs and porphyry, particular-

ly near the north coast. The plateau mostly varies in height between 40 and

60m above mean sea level with a maximum elevation of 7lm near the

southernmost point. Much of the coastline is composed of precipitous cliffs.

The western and southern coasts from Pointe des Poulains to Pointe du

Skeul (the Côte Sauvage) are exposed to the full force of the Atlantic

Fig. 1 - Map of Belle-Ile with superimposed U.T.M. grid. The code letter for each 5

x 5 km recording unit is shown in the top right-hand corner of the square. In-

set shows position of Belle-Ile and other islands mentioned in text.

Key: Al, Alderney; Gr, Groix; Gu, Guernsey; Je, Jersey; Ou, Ouessant; Ye, Ile

d'Yeu; 1, Andrestol; 2, Borderhouat; 3, Borfloc’h; 4, Bruté; 5, Calastren; 6, Citadelle;

7, Donnant; 8, Fort Sarah-Bernhardt; 9, Grotte de l'Apothicairerie; 10, Herlin; 11,

Jeanne menhir; 12, Kerdavid; 13, Kergolay; 14, Kerguélan; 15, Kerhuel; 16, Kersa-

blen; 17, Kervilahouen; 18, Lanno; 19, Logonnet; 20, Pen Prad; 21, Pointe d’Arzic;

22, Pointe de Kerdonis; 23, Pointe de Kerzo; 24, Pointe de Pouldon; 25, Plage

d'Herlin; 26, Porh Puns; 27, Port An-Dro; 28, Port Belloc; 29, Port Blanc; 30, Port

Coton; 31, Port de Stér-Vraz; 32, Port de Pouldon; 33, Port Foulquet; 34, Port

Goulphar; 35, Port Jean; 36, Port Kérel; 37, Port Lost-Kah; 38, Port Maria; 39, Port

Yorc'h; 40, Porte Vauban; 41, Pouldon; 42, Prad Stivel; 43, Ster-Ouen.

Source : MNHN. Paris

114 J.W. BATES

storms. The north and east coasts face the adjacent mainland and have a

more sheltered character.

Deep, narrow valleys, known locally as vallons, penetrate inland on all

sides of the island. These sometimes carry small streamlets, often running

through marshy meadows. The seaward ends of the valleys form rhias with

sheltered meandering anchorages. The largest are the havens at Sauzon and

(much modified) le Palais but other good examples occur at Stér-Ouen, Port

Kérel and Port de Pouldon. The vallons provide sheltered habitats for bryo-

phytes which are absent on the windswept plateau including woodlands,

streams and marshes. Rock exposures on the valley sides also harbour spe-

cies which are absent on the coastal cliffs. Accumulations of periglacial

‘head’ fringe the less exposed cliffs and most valley sides. The unconsol-

idated ‘head’ material supports some of the island's most important bryo-

phyte species.

Dunes and sandy beaches occur at the heads of sea inlets at many

points around the coast. These are mostly narrow systems of white sand de-

rived from the local micaceous rocks. Rich in shell fragments, this sand is

primarily responsible for the occurrence of calcicoles in an area in which si-

liceous rocks predominate. The largest dunes of this type occur at les

Grands Sables and Plage d'Herlin. In contrast the extensive dune system at

Port de Donnant is composed of red sand believed to be of terrestrial origin

(Daligaut 1988) but now perhaps mixed with marine material as it is evi-

dently calcareous. Here, and at several other sites, the dune sand has been

blown over the retaining hill slopes and gives rise to calcareous soils over a

wide area inland. The dunes at Port de Donnant appear to have suffered

considerably from ‘visitor pressure’ and some smaller systems, such as that

at Port An-Dro have almost been obliterated by road construction and oth-

er developments. Wet dune habitats are rare or absent.

The port of Le Palais is the largest town on Belle-Ile, while secondary

population centres occur at Sauzon, Bangor and Locmaria. The pattern of

settlement over the rest of the island is an even network of over one hun-

dred small villages. Freshwater is supplied from two linked reservoirs lo-

cated in a deep valley above Le Palais. Masonry in the towns and villages,

and the damp stonework of the reservoir dams, provide niches for several

bryophytes which are absent from natural habitats.

Climate

Table | summarizes climatic data for Belle-Ile and the Channel Islands.

To assess the importance of the oceanic influence, data are also included for

Ouessant (Ushant), the most oceanic of the breton islands, and for a main-

land station, Brest.

Belle-Ile is distinctive in experiencing the greatest duration of bright

sunlight, the highest maximum temperatures, the lowest precipitation and

the smallest number of wet days of any of the sites. Most of these features

are a consequence of its southerly position but the fact that the island is

low-lying and reasonably remote from the mainland is also significant. The

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 115

Ве11е-11е Ouessant Brest Channel Island

Daily January minimum

temperature (9) 5.1 6.6 3.7 4.7

Daily July maximum

temperature (°) 20.5 17.5 19.5 20.6

Temperature range (°)

(Jan. min. - July max) 15.4 10.9 15.8 15.9

Annual hours bright

sunshine 2000 1800 1767 1917

Annual precipitation (mm) 672 676 1123 801

Annual number of

wet days 116 127 155 1694 (136P)

Data from sites in Brittany (1951-1980) taken from Lecompte & Vergnes

(1986). Data for Channel Islands are based on St Helier, Jersey

(Meterological Office 1972).

A wet day is defined as 24 h with > 1 mm precipitation.

a, number of days with > 0.25 mm precipitation.

b, number of wet days on Guernsey.

Table | - A comparison of the climates of Belle-Ile, the Channel Islands, Ouessant

and Brest.

oceanic influence is noticeable in the elevated winter minimum temperatures

compared to the mainland. Thus, despite high summer temperature maxima,

Belle-Ile has the most equable climate apart from the strongly oceanic Oues-

sant.

Temperature regime in the Channel Islands is closely similar to that of

Belle-Ile but temperature range resembles the situation at Brest. Precipi-

tation in the Channel Islands is intermediate between Brest, which has ele-

vated rainfall compared to much of western France, and Belle-Ile.

Vegetation

Natural vegetation on Belle-Ile is limited to the seacliff communities,

maritime heaths and the dune grasslands.

The cliffs of the Céte Sauvage are exposed to continuous heavy swell,

frequent gales and intense summer desiccation and consequently lack vege-

tation. Here, as at Land’s End, Cornwall, a bare gravelly zone extends se-

veral metres inland on the cliff tops. Sometimes (e.g. north of Port de Don-

nant) this zone contains intermittently water-filled depressions fringed by

Source : MNHN. Paris

116 J.W. BATES

salt encrustations. Locally, sparse growths of Frankenia laevis" Halimione

portulacoides, Armeria maritima, Festuca rubra and Agrostis stolonifera occur

on the cliff-top gravel. Less exposed seacliffs support rich halophyte commu-

nities including Inula crithmoides, Crithmum maritimum, Spergularia rupicola,

Cochlearia danica and in the uppermost zone, the prostrate form of Cytisus

europaeus. Where the effect of salinity is slight dense grass swards occur and

freshwater seepages and flushes sometimes support Schoenus nigricans.

On the exposed cliff tops the bare zone gives way to a short, wind-

clipped heath which typically extends inland for several hundred metres. The

dominant species is usually Erica vagans although E. cinerea, Ulex europaeus

and U. gallii are common. In spite of the severe exposure, vigorous planta-

tions of Pinus pinaster rise abruptly behind the heathland in many places at

a distance of 500 m or less from the cliff edge. Further inland large areas of

the island are managed as pasture or arable farmland but extensive areas of

heath remain. Calluna vulgaris, Ulex spp. and Molinia caerulea are common

on the peatier soils of these inland heaths but true wet-heath and mire, and

their characteristic bryophytes, appear to be absent. Scattered plots of im-

penetrable Ulex europaeus, sometimes reaching a height of 4-5m, probably

represent the sites of abandoned fields.

Sheltered depressions on the cliffs and at the seaward ends of the val-

lons often carry Prunus spinosa scrub. Inland, valley sides and banks are fre-

quently covered by U. europaeus which is intermittently cleared by burning.

Dense populations of Pteridium aquilinum occur in similar places commonly

interspersed with clumps of Asphodelus albus, conspicuous in the spring.

Thin accumulations of unstable soil on schist slabs in this type of habitat,

particularly where south-facing, provide niches for several of the island's

more interesting vascular plants (e.g. Tuberaria guttata) and bryophytes.

Dune vegetation on Belle-Ile differs little from that described by Pier-

rot (1980) for the Atlantic coast of central-west France. The Agropyretum is

sparsely developed due to human disturbance. Extensive Ammophilerum on

the main building dunes gives way to Helichrysetum and Festucetum further

inland. At Port de Donnant a marked contrast is evident between south-fac-

ing slopes with Helichrysum stoechas, Tortula ruraliformis and Pleurochaete

squarrosa and north-facing slopes which are dominated by Festuca rubra with

much Homalothecium lutescens and. Hypnum cupressiforme var. lacunosum. Ta-

marix gallica scrub occurs on the more fertile dune soils in sheltered locali-

ties.

Woodlands on the open plateau mostly consist of bryologically unin-

teresting plantations of Pinus pinaster. Similarly dull groups of Cupressus

macrocarpa are also widely planted to form wind-breaks. The largest area of

plantation is the Bois Trochu although much of the original extent has been

returned to farmland. More interesting, bryologically, is a small plantation

of mature Castanea sativa and Quercus robur on the northern edge of the

Bois Trochu at Bruté. Leucobryum juniperoideum is abundant here in its only

locality on Belle-Ile. Small thickets and streamside carr dominated by Salix

* Nomenclature for vascular plants follows Tutin et al. (1964-1980).

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 117

cinerea occur in many of the island’s vallons. A more mature form of broad-

leaf woodland including Ulmus, Fraxinus excelsior and Quercus occurs in the

deep valley running from Bangor to Port Kérel. This provides one of the ri-

chest habitats for woodland bryophytes on Belle-Ile. Sheltered parkland and

woodland also occurs in association with the old fortifications which eneir-

cle Le Palais.

Bryologically interesting freshwater habitats in the valley bottoms in-

clude the streamlets, particularly where under a tree canopy, and numerous

wet meadows, the latter characteristically populated with Orchis laxiflora.

Unshaded streams and pools are usually too densely vegetated by vascular

plants to allow growth of bryophytes.

History of Recording

Apart from the activities of F. Camus and his correspondents, Belle-Ile

has attracted little attention from bryologists. Camus made excursions in

Morbihan between 1879 and 1904 (Gaume 1950, 1957). He evidently visited

Belle-Ile several times and knew its bryoflora well. Some of his most impor-

tant finds were made in 1884 and 1904. Camus also corresponded with E-

mile Gadeceau about the determination of bryophytes collected there by

Mlle Eva Jouan (Gaume 1950). A footnote in the flora of Groix (Camus

1899) makes it clear that M. Gadeceau also bryologised on Belle-Ile. A few

Belle-Ile records are based on specimens in the herbaria of other bryologists

(Gaume 1956a, 1957).

A short list of species noted on neighbouring Hoedic in 1985 by P.

Boudier was recently published along with additions from Groix (Pierrot et

al. 1986) but little recent collecting appears to have been done on Belle-Ile

(R.B. Pierrot & P. Boudier, pers. comm.).

My records were made from a base at Sauzon during short visits in

March and April of 1989 and 1990. A collection of voucher specimens is

held in my personal herbarium.

Bryophyte Ecology and Phytogeography

The bryophyte flora of Belle-Ile comprises 165 species and 13 infraspe-

cific taxa of mosses and 46 species of liverworts. No peat-mosses (Sphagni-

dae) or hornworts (Anthoceratopsida) have been recorded. Included in these

figures are 31 species and 2 varieties not seen recently on Belle-Ile. In gener-

al, however, there is a remarkable conformity between the earlier records of

Camus and those from the present study which were mostly collected with-

out knowledge of the earlier localities. Some of the disparities may result

from changes in taxonomic understanding e.g. earlier records of Gymnosto-

mum calcareum may refer to G. luisieri (Pierrot 1989). Also, for some species

(e.g. Phascum floerkeanum, Acaulon muticum, Pogonatum nanum), the limited

season in which the later records were made may have precluded discovery

and identification. Prominent amongst the species not seen recently are se-

Source - MNHN, Paris

118 J.W. BATES

veral aquatic and wetland bryophytes (Octodiceras fontanum, Philonotis arnel-

li, Climacium dendroides, Cratoneuron filicinum, Rhynchostegiella curviseta),

plants of moist or shaded rock (Marsupella emarginata, Ptychomitrium poly-

phyllum, Amphidium mougeoti, Brachythecium populeum) and moist wood-

land (Fissidens incurvus, Hylocomium brevirostre). On Alderney Bates (1989)

also found that the greatest losses over a 90 year period had occurred

amongst aquatic and wetland bryophytes. In a geographically isolated and

preponderantly dry environment it is to be expected that the small popu-

lations of hygrophilous species will be at most risk of extinction due to ha-

bitat destruction or severe droughts. Another possible cause of losses (e.g.

Targionia hypophylla, Aloina ambigua, Tortula cuneifolia, Encalypta vulgaris)

may be the almost universal change from earth-capping to mortaring of old

stone walls. Doubtless some species will have been overlooked and may be

refound in the future.

In this exposed and summer-desiccated terrain the bryophyte floras of

banks, cliffs and rock faces are of major importance. South-facing slopes

provide a habitat for a number of species which are common in the Medi-

terranean region but rare in mainland Brittany. North-facing cliffs and

banks harbour a surprising number of bryophytes which are intolerant of se-

vere desiccation or strong sunlight. Some of the more important habitats

and groups of bryophytes are discussed below together with a comparison of

the floras of Belle-Ile and the Channel Islands.

Bryophytes of earth banks

South-facing slopes and soil accumulations over sunny slabs are fa-

voured by some of the island's most important species. Here the soil re-

mains relatively free from perennial vascular plants due to summer drought.

Often the soil is unconsolidated ‘head’ and fresh surfaces arise from solifluc-

tion, the latter aided by prolonged seepage as runoff of winter precipitation

continues into the early summer. This combination of low competition, con-

tinual exposure of fresh surfaces and a dependable moisture supply except in

the summer favours species of Riccia, Fossombronia, Archidium alternifolium,

Trichostomum brachydontium, Cephaloziella divaricata, Scapania compacta, En-

tosthodon obtusus and Gongylanthus ericetorum which frequently grow inter-

mixed and form a crust-like turf. e only record of Fissidens algarvicus is

from a comparable although north-facing situation but it may have been ov-

erlooked elsewhere.

Gongylanthus ericetorum is common on Belle-Ile but almost entirely re-

stricted to this type of site on south-facing cliffs and sunny outcrops on the

north coast (Fig. 2). It is absent from the most exposed headlands of the

Cóte Sauvage where the 'head' deposits have been removed. Typically it oc-

curs on sheltered cliffs at the sides of inlets. Less frequently G. ericetorum

occurs in depressions on thin peaty soils in wind-clipped coastal heath (cf

Malloch 1972). Riccia cilüfera, one of the island's most notable bryophytes

and a rare species in Brittany, is extremely abundant in a few localities,

mostly on the south- facing cliffs. The thallus midrib of R. ciliifera is deeper

than in any of the British species of Riccia. In cultured thalli subjected to

increasing desiccation the midrib region acts as a tuber while the wings

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 119

Fig. 2 - Distribution of the Mediterranean hepatic Gongylanthus ericetorum (e) а

the Atlantic hepatic Plagiochila killarniensis (o) on Belle-Ile. Arrows indicate

the downslope aspect except where the site was level.

wither and turn white. In this state they may help reflect excessive radiation.

A similar protection against desiccation appears to be afforded by the tuber-

ous stems of G. ericetorum, Fossombronia pusilla var. maritima, F. husnotii

(Paton 1973) and, to a less extent, F. angulosa. The difference in relative

abundances of R. ciliifera and G. ericetorum on Belle-Ile is intriguing for nei-

Source : MNHN. Paris

120 J.W. BATES

ther species appears to produce sporophytes. Camus (1899) recorded only

male plants of R. ciliifera on Groix. Many thalli on Belle-Ile appear to be

sterile but material from Port de Stér-Vraz produced archegonia in culti-

vation. Branching is relatively infrequent in R. ciliifera and thalli senesce

within 1 cm of the growing apex (Jovet-Ast 1986) thus giving limited oppor-

tunities for vegetative multiplication. I did not observe gametangia in G. eri-

cetorum. Only female plants occur in Britain but Smith (1990) notes that

vegetative propagation may occur from axillary buds.

Surprisingly, Bartramia stricta, another of the island’s notable bryo-

phytes, is uncommon in this type of habitat although a modest population

occurs with G. ericetorum on south-facing loam above the beach at Port

Kérel. At Les Grands Sables the habitat of 2. stricta is actually NNE-facing.

This contrasts with the situation on Alderney (Bates 1989) and Guernsey

(C.D. Preston, pers. comm.) where conspicuous populations occur locally

on south-facing seacliffs. The scarcity of B. stricta on Belle-Ile may indicate

that a strong oceanic influence, perhaps high humidity or prevalence of

mists, is injurious to this species which is abundant in the Mediterranean re-

gion. Less probably, the rarity of B. stricta may reflect a requirement for

more basic soils than occur commonly on Belle-Ile, all its extant localities

on the British mainland are on basic igneous substrata.

Shaded banks are usually densely vegetated by vascular species and

rarely colonized by bryophytes. However, where a thin layer of soil overlies

rocks, and in man-made cuttings, characteristic species include Weissia con-

troversa, Bartramia pomiformis (often extremely luxuriant and fertile), Cam-

pylopus fragilis, Lophocolea bidentata, Pogonatum aloides, Fissidens bryoides, F.

viridulus, Dicranella heteromalla, Pleuridium acuminatum, Didymodon insulanus,

Epipterygium tozeri and, where freshwater seeps, Bryum alpinum, Nardia sca-

laris and Lophozia ventricosa.

Saxicolous bryophytes

The bryophyte flora of exposed rocks and crevices on the coast is poor,

presumably due to summer dryness. Schistidium maritimum, which is ap-

proaching its southern limit (Ile d’Yeu, Boudier 1987) in Brittany, has only

been recorded from two localities on Belle-Ile. Ulota phyllantha is common

as an epiphyte but has not been recorded recently from seashore rocks, al-

though noted on rock earlier (as U. maritima) on Belle-Ile by Camus and re-

corded recently on Hoedic (Pierrot et al. 1986). This is presumably also due

to dryness because U. phyllantha is common on siliceous seashore rocks in

northern Britain and western Ireland but comparatively rare on rock in the

drier climates of south-west England and Wales. Tortella flavovirens and Tri-

chostomum brachydontium are abundant in soil-filled crevices in the spray

zone. T. flavovirens rarely fruits in the northern part of its range but com-

monly does so in the Mediterranean region (Longton 1988) and the record

of sporophytes from the south coast of Belle-Ile is perhaps indicative of the

island’s warm climate.

Away from the influence of salt spray the common species of sunny

rock faces and thin soil coverings include Frullania tamarisci, F. dilatata, Po-

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 121

Iytrichum juniperinum, Campylopus pilifer, Grimmia laevigata, which fruits

freely, and the varieties of G. trichophylla (including var. stirtonii which ap-

pears to be new to France) and those of Hypnum cupressiforme. Racomitrium

heterostichum and Hedwigia ciliata are confined to sunny rocks in one or two

sheltered localities, while Pterogonium gracile is more frequent but sporadic

on sheltered rocks and, rarely, bark.

Moist north-facing cliffs, as in the deep valleys near Sauzon, Le Palais

and south of Les Grands Sables and on the coast near Port Maria, provide

sheltered niches for a number of hygrophilous species which are rare on

Belle-Ile. These include the hepatics Scapania gracilis, Plagiochila killarniensis

(Fig. 2), Lejeunea cavifolia, L. ulicina, Porella arboris-vitae, P. obtusata, Har-

palejeunea ovata, Saccogyna viticulosa, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania fragili-

folia and the moss Cynodontium bruntonii. A number of less notable species

also reach maximum abundance or luxuriance here including Frullania ta-

marisci, Scapania compacta, Polytrichum formosum, Dicranum scoparium,

Thuidium tamariscinum, Isothecium myosuroides, Scleropodium purum and

Isopterygium elegans. The discovery of the hygrophilous hepatic Harpalejeu-

nea ovata is particularly interesting. According to Lecointe et al. (1990), H.

ovata is known from only 10 localities in France, seven are in Finistère and

one each in Côtes-d'Armor, Manche and Calvados. The record for Belle-Ile

appears to be the first for Morbihan and the most southerly in

2 France but is near the centre point of the strongly Atlantic distribution

pattern in Europe. Camus (1899) also recorded Saccogyna viticulosa and Pla-

giochila spinulosa "çà et là” on the north coast of Groix. 5. viticulosa is ex-

tremely rare on Belle- Ile although some areas of the north coast were not

searched. Recently, only P. killarniensis has been recorded for Belle-Ile and

it is highly likely that the earlier record of Camus and that from Groix also

refers to this mainly lowland and mildly basiphilous (Paton 1977) species

rather than P. spinulosa.

Epiphytes and woodland bryophytes

The commonest phorophyte on Belle-Ile is Salix cinerea although a

rich epiphytic flora is also found on mature Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus ro-

bur, Sambucus nigra, Populus sp., Tilia sp. and Ulmus sp. A sparse epiphytic

vegetation has also been recorded on Prunus spinosa, Tamarix gallica and

Cupressus macrocarpa. Abundant epiphytic bryophytes on Belle-Ile include

Metzgeria furcata, Frullania dilatata, Cololejeunea minutissima, Zygodon viri-

dissimus, Ulota phyllantha, Cryphaea heterophylla, Rhynchostegium confertum

and Hypnum cupressiforme var. resupinatum. Amblystegium serpens and A. ri-

parium commonly grow on the bases of willow, especially in streamside

thickets. Isothecium myosuroides clothes the lower trunks of mature trees

only in the more sheltered woodlands. Tortula laevipila is particularly char-

acteristic of pollarded Tilia in the towns and villages, air pollution being in-

significant. Orthotrichum tenellum is commoner than O. affine as in some

warm coastal areas of southern England.

Several epiphytes are less common than would be expected on the

mainland including Frullania tamarisci, Bryum capillare, Zygodon conoideus,

Ulota crispa, Orthotrichum lyellii, O. diaphanum, Isothecium alopecurum and

Source : MNHN, Paris

122 J.W. BATES

Hypnum andoi. A major limiting factor is likely to be insufficient moisture

but bark pH may be too high for some species due to deposition of marine

salts and calcareous sand. The thermophilous epiphyte Leptodon smithii

might be expected on Belle-Ile but a search for it proved fruitless, possibly

because the climate is too strongly oceanic.

Apart from epiphytes the woodland bryophyte flora of Belle-Ile is ex-

tremely limited. Much of the unplanted woodland appears to be secondary

and immature. Normally common woodland species like Mnium hornum, Po-

lytrichum formosum, Atrichum undulatum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Plagiotheci-

um spp. and Isopterygium elegans have few localities and some are equally

frequent on shaded cliffs. Moisture demanding species like Plagiomnium un-

dulatum and Rhizomnium punctatum are absent (see below).

Heathland bryophytes

The dry heaths of Belle-Ile are mostly of limited bryological interest.

Hypnum jutlandicum is often abundant, even within metres of the exposed

cliff edge. Archidium alternifolium, Entosthodon obtusus, Cephaloziella divarica-

ta and other species more characteristic of cliff banks, e.g. Gongylanthus eri-

cetorum (see above), may form a crust on moist flat peaty ground between

Erica vagans plants in coastal heath. Characteristic heathland bryophytes like

Campylopus pyriformis and Dicranum scoparium are surprisingly scarce. Cam-

pylopus introflexus, however, is abundant on trampled ground by paths

through heath in many places and is sometimes accompanied by Bryum sub-

apiculatum.

Calcicoles

In several sites the flora of cliffs and rock outcrops includes species

which indicate a slight but significant calcium content of the rock. Examples

include Plagiochila killarniensis (Fig. 2), Porella platyphylla, Frullania fragili-

folia, Lejeunea cavifolia, Neckera complanata, Thamnobryum alopecurum and

Isothecium alopecuroides. Elsewhere the presence of calcicoles can be attrib-

uted to accretion of blown marine sand containing shell fragments. Several

calcicoles occur on sanded cliffs behind the dunes at Les Grands Sables in-

cluding Ctenidium molluscum, Zygodon viridissimus var. stirtonii, Lejeunea ca-

vifolia and Porella arboris-vitae. A remarkable community occurs over a

wide area of south-facing valley-side at the southern edge of the Donnant

dunes where sand has blown oyer schist slabs. The Mediterranean species

Cheilothela chloropus is abundant here in association with Trichostomum cris-

pulum, T. brachydontium, Tortella flavovirens and the lichens Squamarina cras-

sa and Fulgensia fulgens.

Many calcicoles occur on calcareous dune sand or soils derived there-

from including Reboulia hemisphaerica, Fissidens cristatus, Aloina aloides, Di-

cranella varia, Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum, Didymodon fallax, Trichos-

tomum crispulum, Pleurochaete squarrosa, Bryum violaceum, B. klinggraeffii, B.

ruderale, Homalothecium lutescens, Rhynchostegium megapolitanum, Eurhynchi-

um striatum, E. pumilum and Hypnum cupressiforme var. lacunosum. In addi-

tion Didymodon tophaceus is frequent on moist sandy soils as well as seepag-

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 123

es on the cliffs where it is sometimes accompanied by Zucladium

verticillatum. Calcicoles associated with concrete and mortar include Tortula

intermedia, T. muralis, Grimmia pulvinata, Orthotrichum anomalum, Homalo-

thecium sericeum and Rhynchostegiella tenella.

Atlantic and Mediterranean bryophytes

Atlantic and Mediterranean phytogeographic elements comprise, re-

spectively, 11.4% and 26.1% of the bryoflora of Belle-Ile when the Mediter-

ranean-Atlantic group is classed as Mediterranean (Table 2). Many of the

common species of the Belle-Ile flora are members of the Mediterranean

contingent e.g. Trichostomum brachydontium, Scorpiurium circinatum, Pleuro-

chaete squarrosa and Rhynchostegium megapolitanum. The proportion of

Mediterranean species is considerably higher than for Normandy (12% - Le-

cointe 1976), while the Atlantic element is impoverished and the Mediterra-

nean element slightly greater than for the Armorican Massif as a whole

(14% Atlantic, 22% Mediterranean - Touffet 1969). The Mediterranean ele-

ment on Belle-Ile is as well developed as in the poorer departments (Deux-

Sèvres, Vienne) of the Centre- West (Pierrot 1974).

The Atlantic group on Belle-Ile includes species with relatively low

moisture demands but Harpalejeunea ovata, on the basis of its British distrib-

ution, appears to require between 160 and 180 wet days per annum (Rat-

cliffe 1968). The coincidence of sizeable oceanic (moisture loving) and Medi-

terranean (warmth loving) elements appears paradoxical. However, the

precise reasons for the distribution limits of individual bryophytes are in

most cases completely unknown, Several of the more hygrophilous Atlantic

species occur in rather dry habitats on Belle-Ile compared to other localities,

often humid ravines, in central Brittany or parts of SW England where pre-

cipitation is also higher. This indicates that sea mists may compensate for

the scarcity of humid microclimates, a suggestion which is also supported by

the luxuriance of Bartramia pomiformis and rarity of B. stricta. Geomorpho-

logical features may also be important for Atlantic species, particularly the

occurrence of seepages on the cliffs.

Bates (1989) noted that both the Mediterranean and the Atlantic ele-

ments of the bryophyte flora of Alderney were better developed than on the

adjacent mainland of Cotentin. A tendency for lower rainfall and more sun-

shine on lowlying islands than on the mainland, and the often widespread

occurrence on islands of caleareous sand, are likely to be major factors fa-

vouring Mediterranean species. However, it is clear that south-facing slopes

form the major zone for Mediterranean bryophytes on Belle-Ile despite its

relatively southerly position. This is further indication of the strong oceanic

influence.

Comparison with the Channel Islands

Numbers of taxa recorded on Belle-Ile and the major Channel Islands

are summarised in Table 3. The total land surface of the Channel Islands is

approximately 2.4 times that of Belle-Ile and the largest island, Jersey, has a

particularly wide range of habitats. It is not surprising, therefore, that many

Source : MNHN, Paris

124 J.W. BATES

Group Species

Southern Atlantic

Cololejeunea minutissima

Plagiochila killarniensis*

Widespread Atlantic

Harpalejeunea ovata

Sub-Atlantic

Calypogeia arguta

Lejeunea ulicina

Porella arboris-vitae

Scapania gracilis

(Campylopus brevipilus)

C. flexuosus

(Entosthodon attenuatus)

E. obtusus

Western British

Frullania fragilifolia

(Riccardia chamedryfolia)

Mediterranean-Atlantic

Fossombronia husnotii

Gongylanthus ericetorum

Porella obtusata

Riccia crozalsii

R. nigrella

(Targionia hypophylla)

Bartramia stricta

(Bryum gemmiparum)

Other Mediterranean Bryophytes"

Riccia ciliifera

(Acaulon muticum)

Aloina aloides

(A. ambigua)

Bryum alpinum

B. bicolor

B. radiculosum

Cheilothela chloropus

Cryphaea heteromalla

(Didymodon acutus)

D. insulanus

D. luridus

D. tophaceus

D. vinealis

(Encalypta vulgaris)

Eucladium verticillatum

Burhynchium pumilum

E. speciosum

(Fissidens incurvus)

Fossombronia angulosa

Saccogyna viticulosa

Hypnum cupressiforme

var. resupinatum

Pterogonium gracile

(Ptychomitrium polyphyllum)

Schistidium maritimum

Scleropodium cespitosum

5. touretii

Ulota phyllantha

Zygodon conoideus

Scapania compacta

Campylopus pilifer

Epipterygium tozeri

Fissidens algarvicus

Pottia crinita

Scorpiurium circinatum

Tortella flavovirens

(Tortula cuneifolia)

Trichostomum brachydontium

(Grimmia decipiens)

(Octodiceras fontanum)

Orthotrichum diaphanum

О. tenellum

Physcomitrium pyriforme

Pleurochaete squarrosa

(Pogonatum nanum)

Pohlia delicatula

Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum

(Rhynchostegiella curviseta)

R. tenella

Rhynchostegium confertum

R. megapolitanum

Tortula atrovirens

(T. cuneifolia)

T. laevipila

(T. pagorum)

Trichostomum crispulum

Weissia brachycarpa

Zygodon viridissimus

* Placed in this group by Paton (1977).

Species in parentheses have not been seen recently.

Table 2 - Atlantic and Mediterranean bryophytes on Belle-Ile following the scheme

of Ratcliffe (1968) and with additional Mediterranean taxa+ as defined by

Gaume (1953, 1954).

species have been recorded from the Channel Islands which are unknown on

Belle-Ile. In contrast, most of the species recorded on Belle-Ile are also

known from the Channel Isles.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 125

Island Mosses Liverworts Area (km 2)

Belle-Ile 165 (13) 46 87.5

Alderney 138 (7) 30 8

Guernsey - 59 (3) 78

Jersey 224 (16) 78 (3) 117

Channel Is.

total 234 (18) 80 (3) 210

Unique to

Channel Is. 84 (7) 37 (3)

Unique to

Belle-Ile 16 (2) 3 (0)

Data sources for Channel Islands as follows: Vice-county, Corley

& Hill (1981), Boudier (1989); Alderney, Bates (1989); Guernsey,

Paton (1969); Jersey, Du Feu (1966 & pers. comm.), Du Feu & Paton

(1972).

Table 3 - Numbers of bryophyte species and infraspecific taxa (in parentheses) re-

corded on Belle-Ile and the major Channel Islands.

Nineteen taxa from Belle-Ile are currently unknown in the Channel Is-

lands. Six are strongly southern and rare (Fissidens algarvicus, Cheilothela

chloropus, Ephemerum stellatum, Bryum gemmiparum) or unknown (Riccia ci-

lüfera, Tortula pagorum) in the British Isles. Some differences may result

from taxonomic difficulties; Gymnostomum calcareum may represent G. lui-

sieri which is known from Alderney and Guernsey, while Racomitrium elon-

gatum is a newly recognised segregate of R. canescens, but only the aggregate

is recorded from the Channel Islands. Leucobryum juniperoideum and Bryum

gemmiferum are also previously overlooked taxa which may be discovered in

the Channel Islands. Lejeunea cavifolia is replaced by the calcifuge L. lama-

cerina in the mainly granitic Channel Islands. Amphidium mougeotii, Campyli-

um polygamum and Harpalejeunea ovata are more surprising absences from

the Channel Islands flora and may yet be discovered.

An analysis of the 121 Channel Island species lacking from Belle-Ile

emphasises the scarcity of shaded and moist habitats on the latter. The larg-

est group of absentees comprises 30 mesic woodland species including Barbi-

lophozia attenuata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Lophocolea fragrans, Lepidozia rep-

tans, Bazzania trilobata, Dicranum majus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Hookeria

lucens, Heterocladium heteropterum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Rhytidiadel-

phus loreus and Hylocomium splendens. Another important set includes 29

semi-aquatic and bog species such as Marchantia polymorpha, Scapania undu-

lata, Sphagnum palustre, S. subnitens, S. auriculatum, Polytrichum commune,

Source - MNHN. Paris

126 J.W. BATES

Rhizomnium punctatum, Campylium stellatum, Amblystegium fluviatile and

Brachythecium plumosum. Among 12 absentees from bare soil the species of

Sphaerocarpos, Riccia glauca, R. beyrichiana, Jungermannia gracillima and Di-

trichum cylindricum are noteworthy. Finally, significant absentees occur

amongst the flora of stone (9, e.g. Dicranum scottianum, Pseudocrossidium re-

volutum), epiphytes (9, e.g. Metzgeria fruticulosa, Neckera pumila) and grass-

land bryophytes (8, eg Ditrichum flexicaule, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus).

Comparatively few absentees occur, however, amongst the lists for walls (3,

Lophozia bicrenata, Tortella nitida, Rhynchostegium murale), heath (3, Cephal-

oziella spp.), cliffs (2, Pottia wilsonii, Weissia personii) and banks (2, Fissidens

limbatus, Tortula canescens) which are all important habitats on Belle-Ile.

It is impossible to disentangle the effects of climate and restricted mi-

cro-habitat diversity from a range of other factors but it is likely that both

are important in explaining the relative paucity of the flora. It is also evi-

dent that many absentees mentioned above are calcifuge, indicating that the

deposition of marine sand, and possibly the rock chemistry, limit the occur-

rence of a wider range of bryophytes on Belle-Ile.

THE FLORA

Nomenclature follows Grolle (1983) for liverworts and Corley et al.

(1982) for mosses except that Racomitrium elongatum is recognised following

the recent revision of the R. canescens aggregate by Frisvoll (1983). Infraspe-

cific taxa of mosses follow the treatment by Smith (1978). A ‘natural’ rather

than alphabetic ordering of taxa is employed as it allows immediate assess-

ment of the status of taxonomic groupings whose members also have dis-

tinctive ecological properties e.g. Marchantiales, Pottiales, Grimmiales and

Orthotrichales. Each entry begins with the earliest literature records, mostly

from the publications of Gaume, if any are known. In some instances there

are inconsistencies between different publications in which case I have taken

either the most explicit or the most recent assessment.

Where there are seven or fewer recent records the individual localities

are given and if sporophytes were present this is stated. All undated records

refer to my visits in 1989 and 1990. If a species was found recently in more

than seven localities a general description of current status on Belle-lle is

given with notes on sporophyte production. In an attempt to indicate rela-

tive abundances of species, each entry concludes, in parentheses, with a for-

mula indicating the frequency of records in my survey. A letter code refers

to the ten 5x5 km squares of band 30 of the U.T.M. grid (Fig. 1), the num-

ber following each letter indicates the number of finds in that square and

that following the "=" symbol gives the total number of records. Thus the

entry (D2, I = 3) denotes two records from square D, one record from

square I and a total of three records. The formulae may underestimate the

frequencies of a few very common species, e.g. Eurhynchium praelongum,

which tended to be ignored once initially found in an area. No records were

made in grid square F which contains only a small fragment of land. Place

names are taken from the 1:25 000 scale map of the Institut Géographique

National.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 127

Abbreviations: FC, Fernand Camus; c.fr., sporophytes present; c. gem-

mae, with gemmae; c.g, with antheridia or antheridial branches; c. 9, with

archegonia or archegonial branches; herb., herbarium of.

Marchantiopsida

MARCHANTIALES

Targionia hypophylla - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). No recent re-

cord.

Reboulia hemisphaerica - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). In moderate

quantity amongst Scorpiurium circinatum on moist, N-facing, sanded slope

on rocky beach, Port Blanc. (I = 1)

Conocephalum conicum - Abundant in culvert on beach, Port Belloc;

near to water level in large well, Puit des Moines, Citadelle. (A, D = 2)

Lunularia cruciata - Moist stonework between the old town walls, Porte

Vauban: with Conocephalum conicum in large well, Puit des Moines, Cita-

ides of streamlet on cliffs between Port Maria and Port Blanc. (D2, I

Riccia ciliifera - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1951, 1956a). Locally abun-

dant with Gongylanthus ericetorum étc. on moist loam on gently sloping,

SW-facing seacliffs, Port de Stér-Vraz, c. 9; single thallus lobe among Tri-

chostomum brachydontium on dry S-facing loam on cliffs, Port de Donnant;

on soil over rocks with T. brachydontium, Archidium alternifolium and Bartra-

mia stricta, E side of Port Foulquet; on bare sandy-organic soil between

rocks in coastal heath, W side of Stér-Ouen; very abundant on slightly irri-

gated eroded soil on S-facing rocks at bottom of vallon, S of Herlin. (A2, B,

C, H = 5)

R. crozalsii - With R. sorocarpa, Fissidens algarvicus, and Fossombronia

angulosa on moist soil over N-facing slabs, valley at S edge of dunes, Don-

nant, c.fr.; on loam with Fossombronia pusilla and Trichostomum brachydonti-

um, N-facing cliff by road, Les Grands Sables, c.fr.; S-facing bank by coast-

path, between Pointe d'Arzic and Pointe du Skeul, c.fr. (C, E, Ï = 3)

R. nigrella - On occasionally flushed soil over boulders on S-facing

slope of vallon, S of Herlin, c.fr. (H = 1)

R. sorocarpa - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). Rocky roadside bank,

Sauzon; with Fossombronia angulosa on moist soil over N-facing slabs, valley

at S edge of dunes, Donnant; on soil over rock, NE-facing cliff on S side of

Port Maria, c.fr.; on earth slope with Fossombronia husnotii and annual flow-

ering plants, Pointe du Skeul, c.fr. (A, C, 12 = 4)

METZGERIALES

Metzgeria furcata - An abundant epiphyte, occurring most frequently

on willow but also recorded on elm, lime and oak. Also common on stone,

Source : MNHN, Paris

128 J.W. BATES

especially old drystone walls, but usually where shaded by trees or on N-fac-

ing cliffs. (АЗ, B2, C, DS, E2, G, H2, 1, J = 18)

Riccardia chamedryfolia - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). No recent

record.

R. multifida - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). No recent record.

Pellia - Most of the Pellia specimens encountered on Belle-Ile were

poorly developed and sterile in semi-aquatic conditions. P. endiviifolia was

only recorded if apical slime papillae were observed (Grolle 1983).

P. epiphylla - Common on streambanks in wooded valley SW of Ban-

gor, c.fr.; sides of wooded streamlet, E side of Sauzon inlet; with Eurhynchi-

wm speciosum among Phalaris arundinacea in stream at S edge of dunes,

Donnant; overgrowing E. speciosum in spring at base of cliff, vallon 5 of

Herlin. (A, С, D, H2 = 5)

P. endiviifolia - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). A few patches among

Conocephalum in culvert on beach, Port Belloc; mud bank of streamlet under

trees, valley N of Kergolay. (A, 1 — 2)

Fossombronia angulosa - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). Flushed shad-

ed bank in side of small valley on the cliffs, N of Pointe de Pouldon, c.fr.;

on loam in shade of rock outcrop on cliffs, Port Lost-Kah, c.fr.; loam over

seashore rocks, S side of Port Goulphar, c.fr.; moist soil over N-facing slabs,

valley at S edge of dunes, Donnant, c.fr.; plentiful on moist earth in rock

crevices, coastal heath W of Stér-Ouen, c.fr. (A, C, G, H, I = 5)

F. husnotii - Dry soil on SW-facing cliff slope, Port de Stér-Vraz; on

seasonally moist S-facing loam slope with Gongylanthus ericetorum and Bar-

tramia stricta, behind beach, Port Kérel; summer dry track bank near Port

Jean, c.fr; soil over rock on coast path, Port Foulquet, c.fr.; seasonally

moist soil over S-facing boulder, vallon S of Herlin, c.fr.; bare earth slope

with annual flowering plants, Pointe du Skeul. (A, B2, H2, 1 = 6)

F. pusilla - Moist loam on flushed rocky bank by track down to beach,

Port de Pouldon, c.fr.; earth over rocks, 5 side of Port Goulphar, c.fr.; soil

on roadside cliff, Les Grands Sables, c.fr.; earth under blackthorn, coastpath

S of Port Maria, c.fr. All the above records refer to var. pusilla. Sterile ma-

terial, possibly referable to var. maritima J. Paton, was found in two locali-

ties but could not be satisfactorily distinguished from F. angulosa. (E, G, H,

1 = 4)

F. wondraczekii - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). No recent record.

JUNGERMANNIALES

Lophozia ventricosa - Locally abundant on moist loam on flushed rocky

bank by track down to beach, Port de Pouldon, c. gemmae. (H = 1)

L. excisa - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). Earth-capped wall and

sandy path among heathers in the old battery, Pointe de Kerdonis, c. gem-

mae. (J = 1)

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 129

Nardia scalaris - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). Locally abundant

on moist loam on shaded, flushed bank by track down to beach, Point de

Pouldon. (H = 1)

Marsupella emarginata - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). No recent

record.

Gongylanthus ericetorum - Common, FC (Gaume 1956a). Locally abun-

dant on thinly vegetated soil on the cliffs (Fig. 2). Usually on S-facing

slopes but recorded from NE-facing cliffs near Port Maria. Typically on un-

stable soil which is irrigated during the winter months but dries out in the

summer. In many places the soil shows evidence of downhill slumping

which may be a factor in reducing competition from flowering plants. Com-

mon associates include Scapania compacta, Cephaloziella divaricata, Archidium

alternifolium and Fossombronia spp. (A4, B2, C, E, G, H2, 13 = 14)

Plagiochila killarniensis (Fig. 2) - Unlocalised, as P. spinulosa, FC

(Gaume 1956a) but record almost certainly refers to this species. Shaded

cliffs in several places, deep valley at head of Sauzon inlet, c. g; shaded, N-

facing cliffs amongst Ulex europaeus, valley system S of les Grands Sables, c.

9; shaded ENE-facing rocks at W end of dam of lower reservoir, near Kersa-

blen, c. 4; moist N-facing cliffs by zig zag path above cove, Port Maria. (A2,

D, E, I = 5)

Lophocolea bidentata - Common on shaded cliffs, banks, walls and tree

bases. Abundant on banks of streamlets in wooded valleys, often semi-a-

quatic. No fertile material seen. (A3, B2, C, D3, E3, G, H4, I3, J = 21)

L. heterophylla - Soil over shaded rocks between the town walls, near

Porte Vauban; rotten stumps and willow boughs in deep wooded valley SW

of Bangor. (D2, H = 3)

Chiloscyphus polyanthos - Muddy willow roots on bank of streamlet,

deep wooded valley W of Borfloc'h. (D = 1)

Saccogyna viticulosa - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). Overgrowing

other bryophytes sparsely on moist N-facing cliffs by zig zag path, S side of

cove, Port Maria. (I = 1)

Diplophyllum albicans - Local on soil in two places in wooded valley

SW of Bangor; local on shaded cliffs in deep valley at head of Sauzon inlet;

locally frequent on shaded N-facing cliffs in valley system S of Les Grands

Sables, c.fr. (A, D, E, H = 4)

Scapania compacta - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). Common on thin

soil over rock, especially in heath, also on cliff faces. Luxuriant forms occur

intermixed with S. gracilis on sheltered N-facing cliffs. Occurrences on S-fac-

ing rocks are probably dependent on irrigation by seepage. Often with spo-

rophytes. (A5, B, D, E2, G, H, 14, J = 16)

S. nemorea - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). Local, loam bank by

track through wood SW of Bangor, c. gemmae. (D = 1)

S. gracilis - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). Shaded cliffs at two plac-

es in deep valley at head of Sauzon inlet; N-facing cliffs, with Plagiochila

Source : MNHN. Paris

130 J.W. BATES

killarniensis and S. compacta, in valley system S of Les Grands Sables, c.fr.

DA, B= 2)

Cephaloziella divaricata - Often abundant in exposed coastal heath, on

thin soil over rocks and amongst tufts of Campylopus spp. Perhaps indicative

of significant irrigation during the winter months although evidently strong-

ly desiccated in the summer. Almost all records are based on sterile plants

with underleaves on non-gemmiferous shoots. Plants with perianths were ob-

served only once. (A5, B2, C2, D2, G2, H2, 14, J — 20)

Cephalozia bicuspidata - In small quantity on sandy bank among Pogo-

natum aloides, Calypogeia fissa etc., by track through wood SW of Bangor;

scarce on sandy road bank on W side of chestnut-oak wood, Bruté. (D2 —

Calypogeia fissa - On soil over old stone wall and also on steep bank

by track, wood SW of Bangor; steep bank by track in wood SW of Bangor;

rocky spring on wooded valley side below Kerguelan; among Fossombronia

angulosa on damp earth in cliff flush, small valley N of Pointe de Pouldon;

shaded loam on rocky track bank between Andrestol and Port Jean. (B, D.

BFS

C. arguta - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). Shaded soil in niches of

rocky track bank, between Andrestol and Port Jean; overhanging earth bank

in sheltered vallon S of Herlin. (B, H = 2)

Radula complanata - A frequent epiphyte on willow and elm, also occa-

sional on old stone walls and cliffs in shade. Sporophytes common. (A2,

D3, E, G, H2, 1 = 10)

Porella arboris-vitae - Les Grands Sables, FC (Gaume 1956a). Locally

abundant on N-facing cliffs by road, Les Grands Sables. These plants have

the weakly denticulate underleaves and strongly opaque cells of the obsolete

var. obscura (Nees) Corley as was also noted by Camus. (E = 1)

P. obtusata - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 19562). With Pterogonium gracile

at base of shaded cliff, W side of the deep valley at the head of Sauzon in-

let. (A = 1)

P. platyphylla - On moist N-facing cliffs by steep zig zag path on S

side of cove, Port Maria. (I = 1)

Frullania tamarisci - Common on cliffs and rocks in full sun and in

shade. Twice recorded as an epiphyte on mature willow in sheltered valleys.

Perianths uncommon or overlooked. (A6, C, D, E3, G, H3, 15, J2 = 22)

F. fragilifolia - With Plagiochila killarniensis and Lepraria incana on

shaded N-facing cliff in deep valley at head of Sauzon inlet. An extensive

search was made for F. fragilifolia but this was the only locality discovered.

(A= 1)

F. dilatata - An extremely abundant epiphyte recorded on willow, lime,

Tamarix, elm, hawthorn and oak. Also common on unshaded rocks and

cliffs. Perianths abundant. (A7, ВЗ, C2, DS, ЕЗ, G, H3, 13, J = 28)

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 131

Harpalejeunea ovata - À few small patches overgrowing Plagiochila kil-

larniensis, Lejeunea cavifolia and Frullania tamarisci on N-facing cliffs by

steep zig zag path on S side of cove, Port Maria. (I = 1)

Lejeunea cavifolia - Mixed with Lophocolea bidentata and Porella arbo-

ris-vitae on N-facing cliff by road, Les Grands Sables; on shaded cliffs, with

Radula complanata, on W side of deep valley at head of Sauzon inlet; stones

and willow bases in streamside carr, Port An-Dro; NE-facing basic cliff,

with Neckera complanata and Thamnobryum alopecurum, valley side, Port An-

Dro; with Harpalejeunea ovata and Plagiochila killarniensis on N-facing cliffs

by steep zig zag path on S side of cove, Port Maria. (A, E, 1, J2 = 5)

L. ulicina - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1956a). In very small quantity on

shaded coarsely crystalline rock face, W side of valley at head of Sauzon in-

let. (A = 1)

Cololejeunea minutissima - Widespread in the vallons, FC (Gaume

1956a). A common epiphyte but not recorded on stone. Most plentiful on

willow but also found on Tamarix, elm, blackthorn, elder and ash. Some-

times intimately ерірһуПоыѕ on Radula complanata. Perianths frequent but

sporophytes not recorded. (АЗ, В, C, D4, ЕЗ, G2, H2, I,J = 18)

Bryopsida

POLYTRICHALES

Pogonatum nanum - Frequent, FC (Gaume 1957). Not refound in fruit

but some of the sterile material recorded under P. aloides may belong here.

P. aloides - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Occasional on steep earth

banks, particularly where shaded. Only found with sporophytes once - in the

deep wooded valley SW of Bangor. (A, B, D, E, H4, I = 9)

Polytrichum formosum - Local, loam bank by track through wood SW

of Bangor, c.fr.; flushed and shaded rocky bank by track to beach, Port de

Pouldon; locally abundant on shaded cliff, valley at head of Sauzon inlet;

shaded N-facing cliffs in valley system S of Les Grands Sables, c.fr.; shaded

ENE-facing rocks at W end of lower reservoir dam, near Kersablen. (A, D2,

E, H = 5)

P. piliferum - Sunny outcrop on slope, with Campylopus pilifer, in Erica

cinerea heath N of Kerguélen; loose soil among slabs on gorse covered

slope, valley S of Les Grands Sables; rocky heath on W-facing cliffs, Pointe

de Kerzo, c.r; sunny rock outcrop at W end of dam of lower reservoir,

near Kersablen; SE-facing slabs by coastpath, S of Port Maria. (A, D, E, H,

1-5)

P. juniperinum - Abundant on thin rocky soil in coastal heath and on

cliffs, boulders, banks and tracks. Usually in full sun but also recorded, rare-

ly, under trees. Sporophytes seen only once. (AS, B2, C2, D3; E, G2; H5, I5;

J 5-956)

Source : ММНМ Paris

132 J.W. BATES

Atrichum undulatum - Locally abundant on steep bank in wood SW of

Bangor; soil heap near stream lower down in same wooded valley; N-facing

earth banks in valley W of Herlin. (D, H2 = 3)

ARCHIDIALES

Archidium alternifolium - Apparently common, FC (Gaume 1957).

Abundant, often forming a crust on flat peaty ground between Erica vagans

plants in exposed coastal heath. Also frequent inland on bare earth amongst

gorse and heathers. Apparently with a preference for depressions and other

sites where seasonal waterlogging or seepage occurs. Sporophytes common.

(Аб B2,-C, E, G3, H, 12, J = 17)

FISSIDENTALES

Fissidens algarvicus - Scarce, amongst Fossombronia angulosa and Riccia

spp., on moist earth covering of N-facing slab, valley at S edge of dunes,

Donnant, c.fr. (C = 1)

F. bryoides - Frequent on shaded loam banks and cuttings and niches

in N-facing cliffs. Sporophytes occasional. (A2, B, D2, E, H3, I2 = 12)

F. incurvus - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

F. viridulus - Locally frequent on banks, wall bases, paths, ditchsides,

thin soil over rocks and flushed soil on cliffs. Evidently tolerant of greater

insolation than F. bryoides. Sporophytes common. (A7, B2, H3 = 12)

F. exilis - On soil heap near stream in-valley wood SW of Bangor, c.fr.

(H = I)

F. taxifolius - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). The commonest Fissidens

on Belle-Ile. Widespread on earth banks, stream sides and shaded soil over

rocks. Sporophytes recorded twice. (A4, B, D3, G, H4, 12, J = 16)

F. cristatus - Les Grands Sables, FC (Gaume 1952, 1957). Locally fre-

quent in sandy grassland and on roadbanks, Les Grands Sables, c.fr. (E =

Octodiceras fontanum - In several springs, FC: in a well near Port Foul-

quet, Thonet, 1945 (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

DICRANALES

Leucobryum juniperoideum - Locally abundant, especially on old

stumps, in small, mature Castanea-Quercus plantation, Bruté, Bois Trochu.

(D =T)

Dicranum scoparium - Scarce, shaded cliffs, moist rocky banks and

heathy tracksides. Rare as an epiphyte on Ulmus and Castanea. No sporo-

phytes seen. (A2, D2, E2, H2, 1 = 9)

Campylopus fragilis - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Steep earth and

rocky banks by road opposite the marsh, Port de Stér Vraz; moist and shad-

ed rocky bank by track down to beach, Port de Pouldon; shaded rocky bank

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 133

by track between Andrestol and Port Jean; N-facing cliff by road, Les

Grands Sables; NE-facing rock by coastpath, S side of Port Maria; amongst

Scapania compacta in rock cutting near fort, Port Blanc. (A, B, E; H; 12 =

C. pyriformis - On summer dry rocky track bank near Port Jean; shad-

ed rock face on W side of valley at head of Sauzon inlet; in Molinia-rich

variant of short heath on W side of main road, near Lanno. (A, B, C = 3)

C. flexuosus - Summer dry rocky track bank, with Gongylanthus and

Fossombronia, near Port Jean; on stump in Castanea-Quercus wood, Bruté,

Bois Trochu. (B, D = 2)

C. pilifer - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Locally abundant and lux-

uriant on steep rocky slopes and slabs with a southerly aspect. Absent from

many of the more exposed coastal cliffs where it perhaps suffers from com-

petition with C. introflexus. (D2, E, H4, 1 = 8)

C. introflexus - Common on shallow stony soil in coastal heath and on

the cliffs, also on bare earth on tracks and among rocks inland. Forms with-

out hairpoints are frequent. Sporophytes not recorded. (A6, B, C, D, G3,

H6, 13, J = 22)

C. brevipilus - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Searched for but not re-

found, likely to have been ousted by C. introflexus.

Dicranella varia - Unlocalised, c.fr., FC (Gaume 1957). Damp and un-

stable sandy soil at base of cliffs in a breach in the old fortifications, Les

Grands Sables, c.fr.; moist soil over shaded concrete steps down to the

shore, Port Kérel; sandy soil among grass by track between Andrestol and

Port Jean. (B, E, H = 3)

D. staphylina - With Bryum rubens in wet ruts of sandy track, deep val-

ley W of Borfloc'h; disturbed ground at edge of wet meadow, valley S of

Les Grands Sables. (D, E = 2)

D. heteromalla - Common, but usually sterile and in small quantity, on

earth banks and cuttings and niches in N-facing cliffs. Only recorded with

sporophytes in the deep wooded valley SW of Bangor. (A3, B, D2, E2, H4,

13,3 = 16)

Pseudephemerum nitidum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Moist dis-

turbed soil by pond, E side of Sauzon inlet, c.fr.; wet peaty hollow in heath

on W side of main road near windmill, Lanno, c.fr. (A, C = 2)

Cynodontium bruntonii - Unlocalised, ЕС (Gaume 1957). Оп shaded

cliffs at two places in deep valley at head of Sauzon inlet, c.fr. (A = 1)

Cheilothela chloropus - Very rare in open sandy places, Les Grands Sa-

bles, FC, 1904, the only locality known in Brittany (Gaume 1950, 1957). Not

refound at Les Grands Sables but locally abundant with Trichostomum cris-

pulum, Fulgensia fulgens and Squamarina crassa on thin sandy soil over S-fac-

ing slabs, valley at S edge of dunes, Donnant. (C = 1)

Source -MNHN. Paris

134 J.W. BATES

Ceratodon purpureus - Widespread on stony tracks and thin soil on the

cliff tops. Also recorded on earth-covered wall top, shaded cliffs, masonry

and crevices in tarmac. Sporophytes occasional. (A9, B2, D2, E2, G, H4, 13,

J=%)

Pleuridium acuminatum - Frequent on bare earth in lawns, on paths,

wall tops, verges and ditchsides. Usually in moderate shade or where seep-

age occurs. Sporophytes abundant. (A6, E, H4, I2, J2 = 15)

P. subulatum - On clay ditchside, Pen Prad, Sauzon. (A = 1)

POTTIALES

Encalypta vulgaris - Two old localities are named: Les Grands Sables,

FC (Gaume 1952); old quarry excavations, FC (Gaume 1957). These proba-

bly refer to the same locality. No recent record.

Tortula ruralis - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). On edge of tarmac

road near Sauzon. (A = 1)

T. ruraliformis - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Common in semi-fixed

dune turf, Les Grands Sables; abundant over large areas of the dunes, par-

ticularly on S-facing slopes with Helichrysum, Port de Donnant; dunes, Port

Kérel; abundant on dunes and sandy hills behind, Plage d'Herlin; scarce on

sandy disturbed ground behind beach, Port An-Dro; on sand over rocks,

Port Blanc. (C2, E, H2, 1, = 7)

T. intermedia - On gravelly pavement in the town, Le Palais. (D = 1)

T. laevipila var. laevipila - Occasional on trunks of mature Fraxinus, Ti-

lia, Ulmus and Sambucus. Also recorded growing on the outer wall of the

Citadelle and on sheltered concrete by a streamlet. Sporophytes seen twice.

(АЗ, B, D2, H2 = 8) - var. laevipiliformis - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957).

No recent record.

T. pagorum - On rock but without locality, FC (Gaume 1957). No re-

cent record.

T. papillosa - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

T. cuneifolia - Unlocalised. FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

T. muralis - Common on concrete and drystone walls, particularly whe-

re shaded. Sporophytes common. (A5, B2, D4, E2, G, H3, 12 = 19)

T. atrovirens - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Small plants on bare

gravelly ground at top of exposed seacliffs, Grotte de l'Apothicairerie, c.fr.

(A = 1)

Aloina aloides - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Damp, unstable sandy

soil at base of cliffs behind the beach, Les Grands Sables, c.fr.; soil on wall

top, Citadelle, c.fr.; thin rocky soil on track inland from Port An-Dro. (D,

Er)

A. ambigua - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 135

Desmatodon heimii - On soil over schist in derelict garden of Fort Sar-

ah-Bernhardt, c.fr. (A = 1)

Pottia truncata - Occasional on moist bare earth on paths, in fields and

on rocks. Usually with sporophytes. (A4, B2, E, H2 = 9)

P. crinita - On dry SW-facing rocks and soil on cliffs, Port de Ster-

Vraz, c.fr.; rocky clifftop turf, Pointe du Talut; abundant on soil over S-fac-

ing rocks, vallon S of Herlin, c.fr. (A, G, H = 3)

P. starckeana yar. starckeana - Disturbed soil in coastal heath by the

semaphore, Pointe du Talut, c.fr.; on path under Ulex, E side of Sauzon in-

let, c.fr. (A, G = 2) - var. brachyodus - wasteland on W side of Sauzon estu-

ary, (А = 1)

Acaulon muticum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

Phascum cuspidatum - Common, FC (Gaume 1957). Arable field on hill

S of Sauzon, c.fr.; with Didymodon tophaceus in disturbed cliff top heath by

semaphore, Pointe du Talut, c.fr.; a few plants on soil over concrete on

cliffs, Pointe de Kerdonis, c.fr.; bare soil patches in pasture by Jeanne men-

hir; on footpath under tall Ulex europaeus, E side of Sauzon inlet, c.fr.;

shaded soil on cliffs, E side of Pointe du Skeul. (A2, C, G, 1, J = 6)

P. floerkeanum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

Barbula unguiculata - Common but rarely abundant on bare soil, paths,

ditchsides and wall tops. Trichostomum brachydontium is far commoner than

this species on bare earth, whether shaded or in full sun. Sporophytes seen

once. (A5, B, D, E, H3, 12, J3 = 16)

B. convoluta var. convoluta - Frequent on soil in lawns, on paths and

banks. A moist ‘head’ cliff at Ster-Ouen comprises a natural habitat. No re-

cords of sporophytes. (A7, B, C, D, E, J3 = 14) - var. commutata - Sunny

bank by coastpath N of Sauzon, c.fr.; wet clayey hollow near Kerhuel; san-

dy road verge near Les Grands Sables; old masonry in wood near hospital,

NW of Porte Vauban; outer wall of Citadelle; mortared wall in valley N of

Kergolay. (A, C, D2, E, I = 6)

Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum - Les Grands Sables, FC (Gaume

1952, 1957). Dry hollow at E edge of the dunes, Port de Donnant; gravelly

pavement in the town, Le Palais; gravelly road verge near lighthouse, Pointe

de Kerdonis; sandy track, with Didymodon fallax behind the dunes, Les

Grands Sables; moist spot on sandy track down to beach, Port de Pouldon;

stony track near Pointe de Kerzo; path in sandy pasture, near Port An-Dro.

(A, C, D, E, H, J2 = 7)

Didymodon acutus - Les Grands Sables, FC (Gaume 1952, 1957). No re-

cent record.

D. luridus - Les Grands Sables, FC (Gaume 1952, 1957). With D. insu-

lanus on gritty pavement, Le Palais; gravelly road verge near the lighthouse,

Pointe de Kerdonis; earth slope behind beach and concrete steps onto the

shore, Port Кёге]. (D, H, J = 3)

Source : MNHN. Paris

136 J.W. BATES

D. vinealis - Unlocalised, c.fr., FC (Gaume 1957). On base of mortared

stone fortifications, Les Grands Sables; damp, shaded stone wall above

beach, Port Belloc, c.fr.; outer wall of Citadelle; concrete dam, lower reser-

voir near Kersablen. (A, D, E2 = 4)

D. insulanus - Common on soil on paths, banks, old walls and cliffs.

Often in shade or where water seeps. Sporophytes not seen. (A4, B2, D4, E,

H4, lJ = 17)

D. tophaceus - Widespread, c.fr., FC (Gaume 1957). Common, partic-

ularly in bare sandy areas with impeded drainage behind the main dunes

and on the cliff tops. Also on shaded seepage cliffs, sometimes with Eucladi-

um, and on mortared stonework in several places. Sporophytes recorded

once: (АЗ, B2, C, ро. ЕЗ. а, НАД, J = 16)

D. fallax - Les Grands Sables, FC (Gaume 1952). Occasional on bare

soil on tracks, particularly on the dunes, also in lawns and on low ‘head’

cliffs. Sporophytes not seen. (A3, B, C, D, E2, 1 = 9)

Eucladium verticillatum - Many localities, FC (Gaume 1957). Locally

abundant on flushed and shaded cliffs on E side of the beach, Port Kérel;

flushed cliff face at head of inlet N of Port Coton; crevices in sea cave,

Plage d’Herlin. Sporophytes unrecorded. (G, H2 — 3)

Gymnostomum calcareum - In three localities, FC (Gaume 1957). Possi-

bly confused with Gymnostomum luisieri which has, however, not yet been

found on Belle-Ile. No recent record.

Trichostomum brachydontium - Common, FC (Gaume 1957). One of

the commonest bryophytes on Belle-Ile. Abundant on rocky ground on the

cliffs and on dune soils, often associated with Tortella flavovirens. Also

common on moist and shaded earth in a variety of comparatively sheltered

situations including woodland. The species exhibits much variation in leaf

shape on Belle-Ile. The var. littorale was not recorded separately. No re-

cords of sporophytes. (A8, B2, C3, D2, E2, G4, H8, 16, J2 = 37)

T. crispulum - Several localities on the coast, FC (Gaume 1957). Soil on

cliff top, N side of Port de Donnant; sandy slope behind beach and soil on

damp, shaded concrete steps onto shore, Port Kérel; locally abundant with

Cheilothela chloropus on S-facing, sanded slabs in valley at S edge of dunes.

Donnant; rock outcrop on sandy slope, Les Grands Sables; moist sand-cov-

ered rocks on shaded side of beach, Port Blanc. (C2, E, H2, I = 6)

Weissia controversa - Frequent and locally abundant on earth banks

and unstable soil spilling over rocks. Sporophytes common. (A2, B2, D, E,

G, H3, 12,12 = 14)

W. brachycarpa - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Bare soil in campsite

lawn, Pen Prad, Sauzon, c.fr.; gravelly road verge near lighthouse, Pointe de

Kerdonis, c.fr.; rocky bank near Port Jean, c.fr. (A, B, J = 3)

Pleurochaete squarrosa - Common, FC (Gaume 1957). Semi-fixed dune

turf, Les Grands Sables; bare stony path in valley W of Logonnet; locally

abundant and forming large patches between tufts of Tortula ruraliformis on

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 137

the dunes, Port de Donnant; unstable sand and loam slopes behind the

beach, Port Kérel; local on dunes, Plage d'Herlin; sandy ground behind

beach, Port An-Dro; on sand-covered rocks, Port Blanc. (A, C, E, H2, I, J

Tortella flavovirens var. flavovirens - Common on sand, FC (Gaume

1957). Abundant on soil and in rock crevices on the cliffs and dunes. Fre-

quently on soil kept wet by freshwater seepage. Absent inland. Sporophytes

seen once: seashore rocks on E side of mouth of Port Kérel. (A3, B2, C3,

E2, G3, H3, 1, J = 18) - var. glareicola - Rocky cliff top turf, Pointe du Ta-

lut; on stone in derelict garden of Fort Sarah-Bernhardt, Pointe des Pou-

lains. (A, G = 2)

GRIMMIALES

Schistidium maritimum - Rare, FC; around “Port-Quérel”, herb. Cauvin

(Gaume 1957). Locally abundant on pitted schist seashore rocks on E side

of entrance to Port Kérel, c.fr.; on sides of slipway cut through rocky shore,

Port Foulquet, c.fr. (B. б = 2)

S. apocarpum - Rare, FC (Gaume 1957). Locally abundant on concrete,

lower reservoir dam near Kersablen, c.fr. (D = 1)

Grimmia laevigata - Common, c.fr., FC (Gaume 1957). Frequent on

rock outcrops and boulders, usually with a southerly aspect, mostly on or

near the Côte Sauvage. Often luxuriant and with abundant sporophytes.

Form lacking leaf hair-points seen on boulder in vallon S of Herlin. (A3, C,

D'GCOH,T = 9)

G. pulvinata - On church window sills, Le Palais, c.fr.; rocky slope be-

hind the beach, Port Kérel, c.fr.; sheltered rocks at top of sheltered beach,

Port Foulquet, common on concrete, dam of lower reservoir near Ker-

sablen, c.fr. (B, D2, H = 4)

G. trichophylla var. trichophylla - Rocks on N side of beach, Port de

Donnant; rocky slope behind beach, Port Kérel; rocks by coastpath, E side

of Port de Pouldon; seacliff rock near Port Coton; sunny slabs in valley S of

Les Grands Sables; rocks on W side of inlet, Stér-Ouen; sunny rocks at W

end of dam of lower reservoir, near Kersablen; SE-facing slabs on cliffs to S

of Port Maria. Sporophytes unrecorded. Several of the specimens placed

here approached var. stirtonii but 1 was reticent to record the latter taxon at

first because Smith (1978) describes it as endemic to the British Isles. Later

Dr Smith confirmed that a Belle-Ile specimen was typical var. stirtonii. It is

possible that several of the var. trichophylla records in fact refer to var. stir-

tonii. (A, C, D, E, G, H2, 1 = 8) - var. stirtonii - Dry SW-facing rocks on

N side of Port de Ster-Vraz. (A = 1) - var. subsquarrosa - The commonest

variety of G. trichophylla on Belle-Ile. Frequent on S-facing rocks, often as-

sociated with G. laevigata. No sporophytes seen. (A2, B3, C2, D2, E, H3, I

= 14)

G. decipiens - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

Source : MNHN. Paris

138 J.W. BATES

Racomitrium heterostichum - Locally abundant with Hedwigia ciliata

and Grimmia laevigata on SSW-facing sloping cliffs in valley W of Borfloc'h,

cfr. (D = 1)

R. elongatum - In small quantity, with Archidium alternifolium, Polytri-

chum juniperinum and Hypnum jutlandicum, amongst thin heath by stony

track N of Kerdavid. (I = 1)

Ptychomitrium polyphyllum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent

record.

FUNARIALES

Funaria hygrometrica - Frequent and locally abundant on disturbed

soil, bonfire sites and hill slopes where Ulex europaeus has been fired. Spo-

rophytes common. (A6, B, D, E2, H, 1 = 12)

Entosthodon attenuatus - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1952, 1957). No re-

cent record.

E. obtusus - Common on heaths, FC (Gaume 1957). Common, with

Gongylanthus ericetorum etc., on moist SW-facing cliff tops, Port de Stêr-

Vraz, c.fr.; in wind-clipped heath on cliffs near Grotte de l'Apothicairerie,

c.fr.; disturbed hollows in cliff top heath near the semaphore, Pointe du Ta-

lut, cfr; damp hollow in cliff top Erica vagans heath, N side of Port de

Donnant, c.fr.; eroded flat cliff top with G. ericetorum, Scapania compacta

etc., E of Pointe de Pouldon, c.fr; on bare organic soil between rocks in

coastal heath, W side of Stér-Ouen, c.fr. (A3, C, G, I = 6)

Physcomitrium pyriforme - Damp track in small valley immediately N

of Kerguélen, c.fr.; bare soil in wet meadow, valley W of Borfloc’h, с.т. (D,

H = 2)

Ephemerum sessile - In several places, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent re-

cord.

E. stellatum - On moist, unvegetated soil on exposed S-facing cliff

slope, Pointe du Talut, c.fr. (б = 1)

E. serratum var. minutissimum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). On

bare soil in lawn, with Weissia brachycarpa, Pen Prad, Sauzon, c.fr.; amongst

Fissidens spp. on earth under cliff scrub, Porh Puns (N), c.fr. (A2 = 2)

SCHISTOSTEGALES

Schistostega pennata - In a cave, Fort-Blanc, E. Gadeceau, July 1892

(Camus 1899). This record appears as a footnote in Camus's flora of Groix.

An extensive seärch of undercut banks was made for this species in 1990 but

without success. Suitable sites abound but many cuttings are overgrown with

brambles and gorse and difficult of access.

BRYALES

Leptobryum pyriforme - Uncommon on trampled dune turf, possibly in-

fluenced by beach bonfires, Les Grands Sables. (E = 1)

Source : MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 139

Pohlia delicatula - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). On silty stone, stre-

ambank in wood SW of Bangor; a few shoots amongst Trichostomum brachy-

dontium on wet shaded cliff on E side of beach, Port Kérel; sides of track

between Andrestol and Port Jean; shaded bank of streamlet crossed by co-

astpath between Port Maria and Port Blanc; overhung earth bank by lane

between Kergolay and Locmaria. (B, D, H, 12 = 5)

Epipterygium tozeri - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Frequent on

moist, bare earth in sheltered localities. Mostly on ditchsides but also in a

lawn, by streams and a pond, and wet peaty soil in sheltered coastal heath.

Sporophytes recorded twice. (A6, B, D2, H = 10)

Bryum algovicum var. rutheanum - Moist hollow on the dunes, Port de

Donnant, sporophytes produced in cultivation. Probably frequent in the

major dune areas but usually sterile and thus indeterminable. (C = 1)

B. capillare - Abundant on soil and rocks, generally in shade but also

where fully insolated. Only once recorded as an epiphyte, on ash trunk in

wood SW of Bangor, but common on walls and concrete under trees. Spo-

rophytes seen three times. (AS, B3, C, D3, E2, H5, 12, J3 = 27)

B. pseudotriquetrum - Wet clayey hollow at E margin of the Donnant

dunes near Kerhuel; rocky spring on steep wooded valley-side near

Kerguélen; marshy meadow N of Borderhouat. (C, H, I = 3)

B. caespiticium - Fruiting specimens: stone in town, Le Palais; rocky

soil on the cliffs, Pointe de Kerdonis; thin soil on rocky trackside NE of

Kerguélen. Non-fruiting female material, possibly this species, has been re-

corded in several places on the dunes at Donnant. (D, H, J = 3)

B. argenteum var. argenteum - Roadside between Prad Stivel and Lo-

gonnet; among other mosses on soil over concrete drain cover, Pouldo:

damp spot on sandy track down to beach, Port de Pouldon; on tarmac, Ci-

tadelle; moist sandy turf, Port An-Dro. (A, D, H, I, J = 5) - var. /anatum -

well-marked material of this variety, concrete walkway on dam of lower res-

ervoir, near Kersablen. (D = 1)

B. gemmiferum - Bare loam slope on cliffs, E side of Port Kérel; unsta-

ble loam patch surrounded by Calamagrostis grassland, cliffs E of Pointe de

Pouldon: on moist path and unstable, irrigated earth over S-facing rocks,

vallon S of Herlin. (H3, I = 4)

B. bicolor - Widespread, FC (Gaume 1957). Frequent on moist bare

earth, particularly on paths, but also colonizing naturally unstable soil on

cliffs and by streamlets. Also recorded on tarmac and concrete. Sporophytes

occasional. (A7, B, E, H2, 15 = 16)

B. dunense - Soil over concrete, Pointe de Kerdonis, c.fr. (J = 1)

B. radiculosum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Mixed with Didymo-

don tophaceus on base of mortared stone wall of fortifications, Les Grands

Sables, c.fr.; shaded concrete steps near beach, Port Jean. (B, E = 2)

B. ruderale - Bare soil in lawn, Pen Prad, Sauzon; path above the

beach, Port Kérel. (A, H = 2)

Source : MNHN. Paris

140 J.W. BATES

B. violaceum - On unstable soil at base of cliffs in cove, Port Belloc. (A

=A)

B. klinggraeffi - Sparsely amongst Dicranella heteromalla and D. staphy-

lina on disturbed ground at edge of moist meadow, valley system S of Les

Grands Sables. (E = 1)

B. sauteri - Recently cut clay ditchside, Pen Prad, Sauzon; roadside

ditch in valley at head of Sauzon inlet. (A2 = 2)

B. subapiculatum - Sandy loam ditch-cutting under Pieridium, valley

above Port de Stér-Vraz; rocky soil on cliffs, Pointe de Kerdonis; amongst

Schoenus nigricans on flushed peaty bank on cliffs, inlet N of Port Coton;

pathside soil in coastal heath, E of Port Foulquet; moist soil beneath Erica

vagans, Pointe de Kerzo. (A2, B, G,J = 5)

B. bornholmense - Ditchside by track between Port Jean and Andrestol.

(B H

B. rubens - Unlocalised as "erythrocarpum", FC (Gaume 1957). Fre-

quent on bare earth in arable fields and on damp tracks, banks, cliffs and

ditchsides. Recorded on a S-facing dune slope at Donnant. No records of

sporophytes. (A5, B2, C, E, H2, J = 12)

B. gemmiparum - Unlocalised, FC, 1904 (Gaume 1957). No recent re-

cord.

B. alpinum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Occasional on soil over

rocks or in crevices, usually where seepage occurs, often in well-lit situ-

ations. Once on wet peaty soil in heath. (A2, B, E, H4 — 8)

Mnium hornum - Shaded clay streambank and steep bank under Casta-

nea in wood SW of Bangor; on loam in shade of rock outcrop by coastpath,

Port Lost-Kah; locally abundant in mature Castanea-Quercus wood, Brute,

cfr; sides of a streamlet crossed by the coastpath between Port Maria and

Port Blanc. (D2, H, 12 = 5)

Bartramia pomiformis - A few patches on N-facing rocky roadside cut-

ting opposite the marsh, Port de Stér-Vraz, c.fr.; sparsely among Isopterygi-

um elegans on soil over stone wall in valley wood SW of Bangor; on moist

shaded rocky bank by track down to beach, Port de Pouldon, c.fr.; luxuriant

and locally abundant on acid rocky banks by track from Andrestol to Port

Jean, c.fr.; locally abundant on shaded roadside cliffs, valley at head of Sau-

zon inlet, c.fr.; shaded N-facing cliffs in valley system S of Les Grands Sa-

bles, c.fr.; N-facing rocks by steep zig zag path on S side of cove, Port Ma-

ria, cfr. (A2, B, E, H2, I = 7)

B. stricta - Rocky tracks in two places, c.fr., FC (Gaume 1957). In

small quantity, mixed with Trichostomum brachydontium and Gongylanthus

ericetorum, on S-facing loamy slope behind the beach, Port Kérel, c.fr.;

sparsely on soil over rocks by coastpath, E side of Port Foulquet; several

small patches on low NNE-facing cliffs by road behind the dunes, Les

Grands Sables, c.fr. Some plants at the Port Foulquet locality were luxuri-

ant where shaded by scrub. (B, E, H — 3)

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 141

Philonotis arnellii - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

ORTHOTRICHALES

Amphidium mougeotii - Seepages, Vallon de Kervic, FC (Gaume 1957).

No recent record.

Zygodon viridissimus var. viridissimus - An abundant epiphyte in shel-

tered localities. Recorded on Salix, Quercus, Fraxinus, Cupressus, Sambucus

and often smothering the trunks of mature Ulmus to the exclusion of other

epiphytes. Common on shaded masonry and abundant on the concrete dam

of the lower reservoir near Kersablen. Sporophytes frequent. (A4, B2, C3,

D4, E3, G2, H3, 12 = 23) - var. stirtonii - small quantities in several locali-

ties on N-facing cliffs, Les Grands Sables. (E = 1)

Z. baumgartneri - Unlocalised, herb. FC (Gaume 1957). No recent re-

cord,

Z. conoideus - On willow in streamside carr, Port An-Dro. (J = 1)

Orthotrichum lyellit - Epiphytic in several places in wooded valley SW

of Bangor; on willow in valley wood NW of Pouldon. (D, H, I = 3)

O. striatum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

O. affine - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). On willow at edge of wet

meadow in valley W of Logonnet, on willow in thicket SE of Kervila-

houen, c.fr.; rough-barked, well-lit willow, Kérel valley, c.fr.; on willow in

valley wood NW of Pouldon, c.fr.; on willow in streamside carr, Port An-

Dro, c.fr. (A, G, H, I, J = 5)

O. anomalum - On concrete dam of lower reservoir, near Kersablen,

c.fr. (D = 1)

O. tenellum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). On tree in town, Le Pa-

lais, c.fr.; on willow in valley wood, Port Yorc'h, c.fr.; occasional epiphyte

in the wood and on mature free-standing ash nearby, valley SW of Bangor,

c.fr.; willow in valley wood NW of Pouldon, c.fr.; on wayside Ulmus and

Fraxinus between Andrestol and Port Jean, c.fr.; on Sambucus in valley

wood E of Calastren, c.fr. (B, D2, E, H2, Ï = 7)

O. diaphanum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). On willows by stream

in thicket SE of Kervilahouen, c.fr.; on willow in thicket by pool near Ker-

huel, c.fr.; epiphyte in valley wood SW of Bangor; on shaded concrete para-

pet by stream, valley at head of Sauzon inlet, c.fr.; on concrete walkway on

dam of lower reservoir, near Kersablen, c.fr. (A, C, D2, G = 5)

Ulota crispa var. crispa - Scarce on willow in valley wood, Port Yorc'h,

c.fr.; single cushion on leaning oak in valley wood SW of Bangor, c.fr. (E, H

= 2) - var. norvegica - single cushion on shrub in shade of cliffs, W side of

valley at head of Sauzon inlet, c.fr. (A = 1)

U. phyllantha - Unlocalised, FC, including the saxicolous plant former-

ly called U. maritima (Gaume 1957). A locally abundant epiphyte on Salix,

Ulmus and other unidentified broad-leaf species. Common on trunks of Ta-

Source : MNHN. Paris

142 J.W. BATES

marix in the exposed garden of Fort Sarah-Bernhardt and noted on the

trunk of a large wind-thrown Cupressus near Jeanne menhir. Not recorded

on stone. No sporophytes seen. (A4, B, C, D, E, G, H2, 1 = 12)

Hedwigia ciliata - Locally abundant with Grimmia laevigata on well-lit,

SSW-facing, sloping cliff in deep valley W of Borfloc’h, c.fr.; well-lit rock

outcrop at W end of dam of lower reservoir, near Kersablen, c.fr. (D2 = 2)

ISOBRYALES

Fontinalis antipyretica - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Frequent on

rocks in shaded stream, wooded valley near Kerguélen; submerged and

emergent on stones in stream, Port An-Dro; stream in wood and among

grass in very wet meadow nearby, N of Borderhouat. (H, I, J = 3)

Climacium dendroides - Unlocalised, herb. Pradal (Gaume 1957). No

recent record.

Cryphaca heteromalla - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). A frequent epi-

phyte, often luxuriant in sheltered valley thickets and in parkland around Le

Palais. Mostly on Salix but also recorded from Fraxinus and unspecified

broad-leaf trees. Sporophytes common. (A, B, C, D2, E, G, H3, I = 11)

Leucodon sciuroides - Unlocalised, on stone, FC (Gaume 1957). Depau-

perate material growing with Metzgeria furcata and Frullania dilatata on

Quercus in chestnut - oak wood, Bruté. (D = 1)

Pterogonium gracile - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Single vigorous

patch on well-lit tree roots on trackside bank, among /sothecium myosuroides

and Mnium hornum, in wood SW of Bangor; slender form on sunny bluff

above beach, Port Jean; in several places on shaded cliffs in valley at head

of Sauzon inlet; on shaded ENE-facing rocks above W end of dam of lower

reservoir, near Kersablen; SE-facing slabs on cliffs S of Port Maria; shaded

side of schist spine on cliffs, E side of Pointe du Skeul. (A, B, D2, I2 = 6)

Neckera complanata - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Epiphytic on

large deciduous tree in ‘ravine’ between the town walls, Porte Vauban, Le

Palais; on shaded cliff under Hedera, deep valley W of Borfloc’h; locally

abundant on NE-facing basic rock face under scrub, Port An-Dro valley.

(D2, J = 3)

THUIDIALES

Thamnobryum alopecurum - Locally abundant on NE-facing basic rock

face under Rubus, Port An-Dro valley. J = 1)

Thuidium tamariscinum - Steep bank in wood SW of Bangor; grassy

trackside NE of Kerguélen; shaded N-facing cliff in valley system S of Les

Grands Sables; on bank in wooded valley inland of Port An-Dro; shaded

ENE-facing rocks by dam of lower reservoir, near Kersablen. (D2, E, H, I

= 5)

Source - MNHN. Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 143

HYPNOBRYALES

Cratoneuron filicinum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent re-

cord.

Campylium chrysophyllum - Les Grands Sables, FC (Gaume 1952,

1957), the only locality in Morbihan. No recent record.

C. polygamum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). In small quantity on

plant litter in rocky spring on the cliffs E of Pointe de Pouldon. (I = 1)

Amblystegium serpens - Common on moist stones, soil and tree bases

by streamlets and pools. Also on masonry under trees. Sporophytes fre-

quent. (A, B2, C2, D2, G, НЗ, 12, J = 14)

A. riparium - Moist willow bases and soil in streamside thicket SE of

Kervilahouen; floor of swampy willow wood, Port Yorc'h, c.fr.; abundant

on soil and silty stones by stream in wooded valley SW of Bangor, c.fr.;

stones by wooded streamlet, W of Andrestol; mud bank of streamlet, valley

S of Les Grands Sables, c.fr.; mud in streamside thicket, Port An-Dro;

wooded streambank, N of Borderhouat, сіт. (В, D, E2, G, H, I, J = 8)

Drepanocladus aduncus - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). On plant lit-

ter, with Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Brachythecium rivulare and Calliergonella

cuspidata, in marshy meadow N of Borderhouat. (I = 1)

Calliergonella cuspidata - Frequent on moist soil and amongst grass on

tracks, and in ditches and meadows. Sporophytes not recorded. (A2, B, D4,

ЕЗ, H2, 12, J = 15)

Isothecium alopecuroides - Rare, FC (Gaume 1957). Occasional on wil-

low bases in valley wood, Port Yorc’h; steep, well-lit bank in valley wood

SW of Bangor; shaded cliff by road in valley at head of Sauzon inlet. (A, D,

E = 3)

1. myosuroides - À frequent cpiphyte in the sheltered valley woodlands,

ascending trunks to about 3m in the wood SW of Bangor. Occasional on

shaded cliffs and old stone walls beneath trees. Twice recorded on logs in

hedgerows. Sporophytes common. (A, D5, E2, H2, 15 = 15)

Scorpiurium circinatum - Les Grands Sables, FC (Gaume 1952), also re-

corded by Gadeceau and Cauvin (Gaume 1957). Common on rocks, fixed

dune sand, masonry, tree bases and streamside stones in both shaded and

well-lit situations. Perhaps reaching greatest abundance on the tops of old

drystone walls in light shade. No records of sporophytes. (B2, C, D3, E3,

НЗ, 13, J = 16)

Homalothecium sericeum - Frequent, on cliffs and slabs where blown

sand accumulates. Also on mortared walls and concrete and occasional as

an epiphyte of Salix and Fraxinus. Sporophytes seen once. (A, C, D3, E2,

БНРИ)

Н. lutescens - Unlocalised, ЕС (Gaume 1957). Frequent in dune turf,

Les Grands Sables; very abundant, particularly in N-facing grassland, on the

dunes, Port de Donnant; common on the dunes, Port Kérel; moist dune

Source - MNHN, Paris

144 J.W. BATES

sand at bottom of W valley, Plage d’Herlin; sandy pasture, Port An-Dro val-

ley: (CF HZ; J =")

Brachythecium albicans - Occasional on well-drained soils on the cliffs,

road verges, old wall tops and dune turf. Less abundant on the dunes than

Rhynchostegium megapolitanum with which it can sometimes be confused.

Sporophytes not recorded. (A3, C, D, G2, H2, J3 = 12)

B. mildeanum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Sterile shoots in a

moist clayey depression on the dunes near Kerhuel may belong to this spe-

cies but could not be determined with certainty.

B. rutabulum - Common but rarely abundant in moist or shaded habi-

tats including road banks, walls, bases and horizontal boughs of trees, soil

in woodland, streamsides, ditches and wet pastures. Sporophytes only re-

corded once in wooded valley near Port An-Dro. (A5, B3, C, D4, E2, H3,

13,1 = 20)

B. rivulare - Wet soil in valley willow wood NW of Pouldon; wet mea-

dow in valley N of Borderhouat. (12 = 2)

B. populeum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent record.

Scleropodium purum - Common and locally abundant in grassland,

moist tracks, heath and on shaded cliffs. No sporophytes. (A4, B, C, D3,

E4, G, H4, 14, J2 = 24)

S. cespitans - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). On gravelly pavement in

town, Le Palais; on ash base and shaded rock face between the two town

walls, Porte Vauban; soil covered rocks and fallen trunk in valley wood SW

of Bangor; on thin soil over concrete drain cover, Pouldon; on concrete

walkway on top of dam of lower reservoir, near Kersablen. (D3, H, I 4)

S. touretii - Widespread, FC (Gaume 1957). Frequent and locally abun-

dant on thin soil over rocks, and on pathways, mostly on the cliffs. Also re-

corded on stone wall under trees in sheltered valley at head of Sauzon inlet.

No sporophytes. (A6, B, C, G, H2, 13, J = 15)

Rhynchostegium riparioides - On boulder in stream in wood SW of Ban-

gor; seepage rocks and soil in small valley on cliffs E of Port Foulquet;

stones in stream through meadow, valley S of Les Grands Sables; on con-

crete stream culyert, valley W of Borfloc’h. (B, D, E, H = 4)

R. confertum - Common, FC (Gaume 1957). Frequent on moist or

shaded masonry and as an epiphyte of Salix. Sporophytes common. (A3, B,

D4, E, G, I,J = 12)

R. megapolitanum - Les Grands Sables, c.fr., FC (Gaume 1952, 1957).

Fixed dune turf, Les Grands Sables, c.fr.; sunny bank by coastpath, N of

Sauzon; common in fixed dune turf, Port de Donnant, c.fr.; sandy slope

above the beach, Port Кёге], cfr; locally frequent on the dunes, Plage

d’Herlin. (A, C, E, H2 = 5)

Eurhynchium striatum - In one small area, on steep well-lit bank under

Castanea, valley wood SW of Bangor; locally abundant at foot of NE-facing

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRYOFLORA OF BELLE-ILE, BRITTANY 145

grassy slope by road, Les Grands Sables; woodland near the hospital, Le Pa-

lais; locally abundant on NE-facing basic rock face, Port An-Dro valley;

woodland bank in valley N of Borderhouat. (D2, E, I, J = 5)

E. pumilum - Unlocalised, c.fr., FC (Gaume 1957). Soil on shaded rock

face between the two town walls, Porte Vauban; on sandy bank, Les Grands

Sables; abundant on clay streambank in valley woodland SW of Bangor; on

soil over damp shaded concrete steps onto shore, Port Kérel; by stream on

E side of Sauzon inlet; on moist trampled soil in wood, behind Plage

d’Herlin; on path in wood near hospital, Le Palais. (A, D3, E, H3 = 8)

E. praelongum - The commonest bryophyte on Belle-Ile. It occurs on

soil, stones and tree bases in most of the major habitats on the island. A

stunted, yellowish form is often the only bryophyte on bare, exposed, saline

soils on the cliff tops of the Céte Sauvage. More luxuriant forms, some re-

ferable to var. stokesii, grow in moist woodland and streamsides in the shel-

tered valleys. Sporophytes seen only once but possibly overlooked. (A12,

B3, D5, E3, G5, H5, I8, J2 — 43)

E. hians var. hians - Occasional, mostly in ditches and on streambanks.

(A, B, D2, E, G, H, I2 = 9) - var. rigidum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957).

Not recorded separately from var. hians in the recent study.

E. speciosum - Unlocalised, c.fr., FC (Gaume 1957). Frequent in shad-

ed streamlets, springs, cliff flushes and wet ground by a well. Sporophytes

recorded once. (A, B, C, G2, H6, I — 12)

Rhynchostegiella tenella - Damp, shaded stone wall by path down to

cove, Port Belloc, c.fr.; on stone in the town, Le Palais; on streamside wil-

low in wet meadow, valley S of Les Grands Sables; moist, shaded stone-

work, Porte Vauban; shaded walls of Citadelle. (A, D3, E — 5)

R. curviseta - In the bed of a streamlet on the coast, FC, 1884 (Gaume

1957). Searched for but not refound. Evidently a very rare species in Britta-

ny.

Plagiothecium succulentum - Soil on old stone wall and on a steep loam

bank in valley wood SW of Bangor; sheltered cliff on W side of valley at

head of Sauzon inlet. (A, D, H = 3)

P. nemorale - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Soil over rock in wood

SW of Bangor; soil on shaded basic cliff, Port An-Dro valley. (H, J = 2)

Isopterygium elegans - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Locally abun-

dant on banks and soil over stone in valley wood SW of Bangor; rocky bank

by track between Andrestol and Port Jean; locally abundant on shaded cliffs

in valley at head of Sauzon inlet; on streambank under Salix, valley S of

Les Grands Sables; shaded rocks at W end of dam of lower reservoir, near

Kersablen. Gemmae only plentiful at the most sheltered localities. (A, B,

D2, E, H = 6)

Hypnum cupressiforme yar. cupressiforme - Abundant, rocks, walls, turf,

heath, tree bases and branches. Sporophytes seen once only on a shaded

wall near Le Palais. (A7, B2, C, D3, E2, G3, H3, 12, J = 24) - var.

Source : MNHN. Paris

146 J.W. BATES

lacunosum - Abundant in dune turf, on the cliffs, and on thin rocky soils on

S-facing valley sides. Frequently intergrading with var. cupressiforme. (AS,

B2, C2, D, E2, G3, H4, 13, J2 = 24) - var. resupinatum - Unlocalised, c.fr.,

FC (Gaume 1957). Abundant on rock outcrops, cliffs and walls. Common

as an epiphyte of Salix, also recorded on other unspecified broad-leaf spe-

cies. Sporophytes seen only on epiphytic plants in the valley woodland SW

of Bangor. (A5, B2, DS, E3, G, H2, B, J = 22)

H. andoi - Trunk of mature leaning oak in valley wood SW of Bangor.

Other records of ‘filiforme’ plants without markedly denticulate leaf margins

and short cells are included under var. cupressiforme. (H — 1)

Н. jutlandicum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Common and locally

abundant in coastal and plateau heath. Usually absent from the most ex-

posed cliff tops but becoming common a few metres inland. Also frequent

in the major woodland areas and on rocky banks and valley sides. No spo-

rophytes seen. (A5, B2, C, D3, ЕЗ, G2, H5, 13, = 25)

Ctenidium molluscum - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). In small quanti-

ty, intimately mixed with Lejeunea cavifolia, on low NNE-facing cliffs behind

the dunes, Les Grands Sables. (E = 1)

Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). Moist soil

in woodland clearing near stream, also under trees lower down in same val-

ley, SW of Bangor. (D, H = 2)

Hylocomium brevirostre - Unlocalised, FC (Gaume 1957). No recent re-

cord.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. - I thank G. Bloom, M.F.V. Corley, A.C. Crund-

well, Dr E.W. Jones, Mrs J.A. Paton, Dr A.J.E. Smith and Dr H.L.K. Whitehouse

for help with determinations. R.B. Pierrot and P. Boudier kindly provided informa-

tion about current bryological research in western France and C.D. Preston loaned

me his field notes from Guernsey. Lastly, | am indebted to my wife and children

who accompanied me on many of the excursions and contributed records and sup-

port.

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Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1991, 12 (2): 149-154 149

LICHENS OF MADAGASCAR:

NEW RECORDS AND SPECIES OF PARMELIACEAE

A. APTROOT

Institute of Systematic Botany, Heidelberglaan 2.

3508 TC Utrecht. The Netherlands.

ABSTRACT - Twenty-four lichen species of the family Parmeliaceae are reported

from Madagascar, including 14 species new to the area and 3 new to science; viz.

Canoparmelia quintarigera, Paraparmelia quartzitica and Parmelinopsis megadactyla.

Tropical members of the family Parmeliaceae have received much at-

tention during the last decades. However, only rarely references to the oc-

currence in Madagascar are made (Des Abbayes 1961, Swinscow & Krog

1988, Aptroot 1990). Therefore, it is not surprising that new records and

even new species were identified. All collections cited in the present paper

were made by A. Aptroot & R.V. Hensen in April/May 1984 and will be

preserved in the private herbarium of the author, with some duplicates in B.

As these represent the only recent lichen collections from Madagascar, pub-

lication of as much information as possible seems appropriate. Only the spe-

cies of the Parmeliaceae which have not previously been cited from the ex-

pedition (i.e. in Aptroot 1990) are reported here.

COLLECTING LOCALITIES

1. Nosy Be, an islet NW of Madagascar. Om. 48°18’, 13°22’S. Mangrove forest

along the coast.

2. Nosy Komba, small islet between Nosy Be and Madagascar. От. 48°21’E,

13°27'S. Mangrove forest along the coast.

3. Col de Radama, 60km S of Antalaha. 500m. 50*01'E, 15*16'S. Primary trop-

ical lowland forest, the largest still existing on Madagascar.

4. Maroantsetra, E coast of Madagascar. От. 49*45'E, 15*26/S. Wooden cabin

near the beach, wind-exposed.

5. Foulpointe (=Mahavelona), E coast of Madagascar. Om. 49*29 E, 17*41'S. On

Philippia (Ericaceae) in sandy dune area.

6. Tamatave, E coast of Madagascar. От 49°25’E, 18^10'S. Palm stems in the

coastal area of the town.

7. Пе Ste Marie, an islet E of Madagascar. От. 49°52’E, 16*58'S. Palm stems in

the coastal area of Ambodifototra.

8. Ambohimanga, central highlands. 1550m. 47°38'Е, 18*45'S. On clay along for-

est track in forest relict.

Source : MNHN, Paris

150 A. APTROOT

9. Ambohidratrimo, central highlands. 1300m. 47°26'E, 18*49'S. On granite rock

outcrop in forest relict.

10. Antananarivo (= Tananarive), the capital. 1350m. 47°31’E, 18°56’S. On vari-

ous trees in parks in the E suburbs.

11. Angavokely mountain near Carion, E of Antananarivo. 1550m.

18°55’S. On granite boulders in open arca.

12. Périnet (=Andasibe), on the E facing slope of Madagascar. 950m. 48°16’E,

18°56’S. On various trees in primary tropical mountain forest.

13. Col de Tapia, 45km N of Ambositra. 1500m. 47°07*Е, 20°16'S. On Uapaca trees

in dry forest type called transition forest.

14. Ambositra, central highlands. 1400m. 47°14’E, 20°31'5. On various trees in cul-

tivated area.

15. Ambalamanakana, 30km S of Ambositra. 1800m. 47°07’E, 20°51'S. On various

trees in undisturbed cloud forest.

16. Fianarantsoa, central highlands. 1250m. 47°03’E, 21°26'S. On various trees in

cultivated area.

17. Ifaty, 25km N of Tulear, Om. 43°38’E, 23°11’S. On various trees in semidesert

woods.

18. Ankilibe, 10km SE of Tulear. Om. 43°46'Е, 23*25'S. On various trees in semide-

sert woods.

19. Betioky, Southern province. 300m. 44°21’E, 23°44'5. On deciduous trees in sa-

vannah.

20. Arivonimano, 45km W of Antananarivo. 1350m. 47*10'E, 19°01’S. On various

substrates in exposed arid habitat.

21. Fizona, 35km ENE of Maroantsetra. 50m. 49°56’E, 15°22’S. On wooden cabin

in small village in dense forest.

22. St. Augustin, 25km S of Tulear. От. 43*46 E, 23*29'S. On various trees in sem-

idesert woods.

PARMELIACEAE FROM MADAGASCAR

* New to Madagascar.

*Canoparmelia amazonica (Nyl.) Elix & Hale - loc. 14, 12638; loc. 20,

12966.

On Grevillea and Uapaca trees in open habitats. A pantropical species which

is most common in America.

*C. epileuca (Hale) Elix & Hale - loc. 8, 12461.

On bark of unknown tree. The collection is fertile with about 7, probably

young, apothecia: up to 1mm diam., disc medium brown, margins entire,

not sorediate, of same colour as the thallus. Internal structures not devel-

oped. This is the first fertile record of this rare species. Only known from

tropical Africa.

+С. eruptens (Kurok.) Elix & Hale - loc. 16, 12550.

On Pinus trees along road in the hills. This rare species is confined to

Southern Africa.

Canoparmelia quintarigera Aptroot spec. nov. (Fig. 1)

Species cum thallo ut in Canoparmelia pruinata sed ab hac species thallo subtus

fusco et lobis magnis et acidis hyposticticis, hyposalazinicis et hypoconsticticis

continens differt.

Source : MNHN, Paris.

UVOSVOVAVIN NI 3VIOVITIIW Vd

1: Canoparmelia quintarigera, holotype, habitus. - 2: Paraparmelia quartzitica, holotype, habitus. - 3: Parmelinopsis megadactyla,

holotype, habitus. 4: Parmelinopsis megadactyla, holotype, detail of pustules. (Scale: bar is lem for figures 1-3, 2mm for fig-

ure 4.)

IST

Source - MNHN. Paris

152 A. APTROOT

Type: Madagascar, prov. Tulear, Betioky, 44°21’E, 23°44’S. Savannah of de-

ciduous trees W of the village. Alt. 300m. On deciduous tree. Aptroot &

Hensen 12589 d.d. 24 April 1984 (Herb. Aptroot holotype).

Description: Thallus adnate, mineral gray. Lobes elongate-rotund, apically

not brownish, 3-5mm wide. Centre of the thallus wrinkled. Lower surface

uniformly brown, moderately rhizinate. Apothecia up to 4mm diam., disc

brown, hymenium 60-60ит high, epihymenium c. lum high. Spores 13-15 x

7x8 ит. Conidia cylindrical, 8-9x lum. TLC: atranorin, hypostictic, hyposa-

lazinic and hypoconstictic acids (formerly known as quintaria unknowns).

* Everniastrum angolense (W. Culb. & C. Culb.) Sipman - loc. 11, 12407,

12412.

On granite rock in mountain area. Only known from the type from Angola.

*Paraparmelia annexa (Kurok.) Elix & Johnston - loc. 9, 13001.

On exposed granite boulders. Known only from the continent of Africa.

Paraparmelia quartzitica Aptroot spec. nov. (Fig. 2)

Species cum thallo ut in Parmelia subspodochroa sed ab hac species acidis pra-

tocetraricis, perlatolicis et sekikaicis continens differt.

Type: Madagascar, Antananarive, NE suburbs, along roads. AT3VE,

18°54’S. Alt. 1250m. On exposed granite boulders. Aptroot & Hensen 12958

d.d. 3 May 1984 (Herb. Aptroot holotype).

Description: Thallus closely adnate, mineral gray. Lobes sublinear, apically

not brownish, 1.5-2.5mm wide. Centre of thallus distinctly brownish, warted

tather than cracked. Lower surface black, moderately rhizinate. Apothecia

not known. TLC: atranorin, protocetraric, perlatolic and sekikaic acids.

Parmelinopsis megadactyla Aptroot spec. nov. (Fig. 3,4)

Species cum thallo ut in Parmelinopsis spumosa sed ab hac species axillae si-

nuosae et acido olivetorico continens differt.

Type: Madagascar, Prov. Fianarantsoa, Ambalamanakana, 30km S of Am-

bositra. 47°07'Е, 20°16’S. Alt. 1800m. Epiphytic in mountain forest. Aptroot

& Hensen 12876 d.d. | May 1984 (Herb. Aptroot holotype. B, CBG iso-

types).

Description: Thallus adnate, mineral gray. Lobes elongate, apically brownish,

1.5-2.5mm wide, the axils sinuous. Centre of the thallus rugose, mostly cov-

ered with non-sorediate pustules. Lower surface black, moderately rhizinate.

Apothecia not known. TLC: atranorin, olivetoric acid and traces of usnic,

microphyllic, 4-0-methylolivetoric and 4-0-demethylmicrophyllic acids.

Additional material: loc. 15, 12882.

P. spumosa (Asah.) Elix & Hale - loc. 12, 13304 & 13568 (on different

sites).

Both collections epiphyllous on leaves of unidentified trees in tropical

mountain rainforest. This species is pantropical, on higher altitudes. It has

been cited for Madagascar before (Hale 1976), but the habitat preference

shown here is remarkable.

*P. subfatiscens (Kurok.) Elix & Hale - loc. 15, 12879.

Epiphytic in mountain forest. This species is presumely pantropical, but re-

ported here for the first time from Madagascar.

Source : MNHN. Paris

PARMELIACEAE IN MADAGASCAR 153

*Parmotrema abessinicum (Krempelh.) Hale - loc. 1, 13704; loc. 14,

12636 (cf).

On Avicennia in mangrove and on Grevillea in gardens, respectively. Only

known from tropical Africa.

P. cooperi (Steiner & Zahlbr.) Sérus. - loc. 12, 13298; loc. 15, 12890.

Epiphytic in mountain forest. Paleotropical and reported from Madagascar

before (Swinscow & Krog 1988).

P. lophogenum (Des Abb.) Hale - loc. 15, 12885; loc. 16, 12551A.

Epiphytic in mountain forest on unidentified tree and on Pinus. Known

from tropical Africa and New Zealand. Already reported from Madagascar

(Swinscow & Krog 1988).

P. maclayanum (Muell. Arg.) Hale - loc. 11, 12411; loc. 15, 12661 &

12927.

Two collections on exposed granite boulders and one on branches in open

vegetation ("brousse éricoïde”). A pantropical, but not very common species.

Reported earlier from Madagascar (Swinscow & Krog 1988).

*P. permutatum (Stirton) Hale - loc. 12, 13562.

Epiphytic in rainforest. Pantropical, but apparently new to Madagascar.

P. pooli (Dodge) Krog & Swinscow - loc. 12, 13561.

Epiphytic in rainforest. Paleotropical, reported earlier from Madagascar

(Swinscow & Krog 1988).

*P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale - loc. 1, 13729.

Epiphytic in wet lowland forest. Pantropical, widespread and common, but

it has apparently never been cited from Madagascar.

P. subarnoldii (Des Abb.) Hale - loc. 12, 13297 & 13300; loc. 16, 12551.

Epiphytic in mountain forest on unidentified trees and on Pinus. This pan-

tropical species has originally been described from Madagascar (Des Ab-

bayes 1961), where it still exists.

*P. subhanningtonianum Serus. - loc. 15, 12664.

In open vegetation (‘brousse éricoide"). This rare species is so far only

known from the type specimen, from Rwanda. Our specimen agrees well

with the original description.

*P. subtinctorium (Zahlbr.) Hale - loc. 14, 12639.

On Mangifera trees in gardens. This pantropical to pantemperate species is

rather common, but it seems to be new to Madagascar.

P. umbrosum (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow - loc. 12, 13563;

loc. 15, 12667.

On trees in mountain forest and on branches in open vegetation. Only

known from tropical Africa.

*Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog - loc. 15, 12883.

Epiphytic in mountain forest. Widespread and rather common, nearly cos-

mopolitan. Still, it is reported here for the first time from Madagascar.

*Relicina planiuscula (Kurok.) Hale - loc. 12, 13567.

Source : MNHN. Paris

154 A. APTROOT

Epiphytic on branches in rainforest. Only known from tropical Asia, where

it is common, and Africa, where it has only been recently found in Tanzania

(Krog 1991).

*Rimelia cetrata (Ach.) Hale & Fletcher - loc. 15, 12923.

On exposed granite rock. This widespread species has already been reported

from Madagascar before (Des Abbayes 1961).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. - First of all, I like to thank the late Dr. M-E.

Hale for his inspiring interest in my studies. Dr. J.A. Elix is gratefully acknowledged

for the identification of the chemical compounds of Parmelinopsis megadactyla and

for some comments on the manuscripts. Finally, I like to thank Dr. H.J.M. Sipman

for some identifications and confirmations.

REFERENCES

APTROOT A., 1990 - Lichens of Madagascar: New and Interesting records and

species. Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 11: 401-408.

DES ABBAYES H., 1961 - Lichens récoltés à Madagascar et à la Réunion (Mission

H. des Abbayes, 1956). Il. Parmeliacées. Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. B,

10: 81-121.

1976 - A monograph of the lichen genus Parmelina Hale (Parmelia-

mithsonian Contrib. Bot. 33: 1-60.

KROG H., 1991 - Lichenological observations in low montane rainforests of eastern

Tanzania. In: GALLOWAY D.J., Systematics, Conservation, and Ecology of

Tropical Lichens. Systematics Association Special Volume 42 (In press).

SWINSCOW T.D.V. & KROG H., 1988 - Macrolichens of East Africa. British Mu-

seum. London. 390 pp.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1991, 12 (2): 155-164 155

THE EFFECT OF SOME COMPLEX ORGANIC

SUBSTANCES ON CALLUS GROWTH IN THE LIVERWORT

MANNIA ANDROGYNA

A. KAPUR and R.N. CHOPRA

Department of Botany, University of Delhi,

Delhi 110007, India.

ABSTRACT - Cascin hydrolysate, coconut milk, peptone and urea inhibit callus

growth in Mannia androgyna, while chloral hydrate and thiourea stimulate it. Low

concentrations of maleic hydrazide, uracil and yeast extract enhance the proliferation

of calluses, higher levels retard growth. With coconut milk, peptone and thiourea the

calluses become greener. Numerous rhizoids develop from the callus surface in re-

sponse to yeast extract, and coconut milk together with 2,4-D.

INTRODUCTION

The induction and continued growth of callus largely depends on the

constitution of the medium and other cultural conditions. The effects of

some complex compounds on callus growth in the liverwort Mannia andro-

gyna are reported in this paper.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Thalli of Mannia androgyna (L.) Evans (Marchantiaceae) with mature

sporophytes were collected between Katra and Vaishno Devi, W. Himala-

yas. Spores were inoculated aseptically on to Nitsch’s basal medium (BM).

A month after germination, one of the cultures was selected and the thalli

propagated to obtain stock cultures. In order to induce the formation of cal-

lus, individual thalli were subcultured on Murashige & Skoog's (1962) medi-

um (MS) containing macro- and micro-elements diluted to 1/5 of the ori-

ginal concentration, organic substances at full strength, and l per cent

sucrose. Expriments on callus growth were performed in weak (100-150 lux)

continuous light. For fresh and dry weight determinations, the calluses were

washed free of adhering agar gel, and placed between folds of filter paper to

remove excess water. They were then subjected to a temperature of 75 to

80°C, until their weight became constant.

For various experiments on callus growth, callus was subcultured on

modified MS. Casein hydrolysate, chloral hydrate, 2,4-D, maleic hydrazide,

peptone, uracil and yeast extract were autoclaved with the medium, whereas

Source : MNHN. Paris

156 A. KAPUR and R.N. CHOPRA

Fig. 1 - The effect of casein hydrolysate on callus growth. A-D: Cultures supple-

mented with 5, 10, 15 and 30 mg/l CH. Callus growth shows retardation with

increase in concentration of CH. 50-day-old cultures. x 2.36

Source - MNHN, Paris

GROWTH OF MANNIA ANDROGYNA 157

thiourea, urea and coconut milk were added to the autoclaved medium after

filter-sterilization (through millipore filters of 0.45um pore size, Millipore

Intertech, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, U.S.A.). A minimum of 12 repli-

cates was prepared for each treatment. The experiments were run for 55

days, and repeated once. Observations were made at regular intervals using a

stereoscopic binocular microscope.

RESULTS

In Mannia androgyna callus is induced from thalli on Murashige &

Skoog's medium containing 1% sucrose. The formation of callus starts in

the apical region of the inoculum and extends downwards. The callus re-

mains undifferentiated after subculturing on fresh MS.

"The effects of various organic substances tested are dealt with under se-

parate headings.

Casein hydrolysate

This proved inhibitory for callus growth at all concentrations: 5, 10, 15

and 30mg/l. As the concentration of CH was increased, fresh and dry weight

yields of calluses decreased (Fig. 1 & Tab. 1). Calluses remained green up to

10mg/l, but at higher concentrations they turned yellow. At 30mg/l, cultures

started senescing after 35 days of growth.

Chloral hydrate

The medium was supplemented with chloral hydrate at four concen-

trations: 107, 105, 105 and 10*M.

Callus growth was enhanced at 107, 105 and 105M, the optimum being

106M. At 10^M, growth was inhibited (Tab. 1), and calluses turned brown

after 30 days of growth.

Maleic hydrazide

This was incorporated at 107, 105, 105 and 104M. Growth was slightly

stimulated at 107 and 10*M. The fresh weight of calluses decreased as the

concentration was increased from 10? to 10*M, whereas dry weight de-

creased at 107M. Both fresh and dry weight yields were maximum at 10°M

(Fig. 2 & Tab. 1).

Uracil

This was tried at four concentrations: 107, 105, 105 and 104M.

Growth was stimulated at 107 to 105M, but retarded at the highest level

tested. Maximum fresh and dry weights were obtained at 10% and 10'5M, re-

spectively (Tab. 1). At 10*M the calluses turned yellowish-green.

Source : MNHN, Paris

158 A. KAPUR and R.N. CHOPRA

Tab. 1 - The effect of various substances on callus growth in Mannia androgyna.

Cultures were maintained at 25 + 2°C in 150 lux of continuous illumination.

For fresh/dry weight, each figure represents an average of 12 replicates. Data

from 55-day-old cultures.

Relative change per culture (% of control)

Treatment Fresh weight Dry weight

Chloral Hydrate

107M 130.23 106.28

106M 168.89 133.25

10°M 152.03 126.97

104M 84.73 91.08

Maleic hydrazide

107M 101.28 102.99

106M 106.85 114.18

105M 99.17 102.01

104M 55.96 71.85

Uracil

107M 101.17 101.91

106M 102.87 108.26

105M 114.36 107.79

104M 79.95 79.08

Casein hydrolysate

5.0 mg/l 86.97 99.21

10.0 mg/l 79.18 77.83

15.0 mg/l 71.38 75.21

30.0 mg/l 54.67 72.01

Peptone

0.5 mg/l 111.13 113.05

1.0 mg/l 75.86 106.14

2.0 mg/l 69.78 102.83

4.0 mg/l 59.24 89.65

Yeast extract

0.5 mg/l 107.54 106.36

1.0 mg/l 103.83 103.02

2.0 mg/l 65.24 61.72

40 mg/l 56.98 58.01

Peptone

Callus was subcultured on media containing peptone at concentrations

of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/l.

Callus growth was profuse on the medium containing 0.5 mg/l peptone.

As the concentration was increased, the fresh weight of callus produced de-

creased. However, dry weight increased at concentrations up to 2.0 mg/l,

with a maximum at 0.5 mg/l (Tab. 1). The callus was greener and compact.

Yeast extract.

The medium was supplemented with yeast extract at concentrations of

0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/l.

Source : MNHN. Paris

GROWTH OF MANNIA ANDROGYNA 159

Fig. 2 - The effect of malcic hydrazide on callus growth. A-D: Cultures supple-

mented with 107, 105, 105 and 104M MH. Note enhanced callus growth at

107M ( A) and 10°°M ( B). 50-day-old cultures. x 2.70.

Source : MNHN, Paris

160 A. KAPUR and R.N. CHOPRA

Growth was slightly stimulated at lower levels (Tab. 1). At 2.0 mg/l

calluses became yellowish-green and at 4.0 mg/l they turned brown after 20

days. Rhizoids were observed on the calluses at all concentrations except

0.$mg/l, the greatest number being produced at 2.0 mg/l.

Thiourea and urea

These were added at 107, 10%, 105 and 10*M. Thiourea promoted cal-

lus growth. With an increase in its concentration, fresh and dry weight

yields of calluses gradually increased. With the addition of thiourea the cal-

luses became greener.

On the other hand, urea inhibited callus growth and the calluses turned

yellowish-green. Fresh and dry weight yields of calluses decreased with an

increase in the concentration of urea (Tab. 2). At 10*M, growth was very

poor and the cultures started senescing after 35 days.

Tab. 2 - The effect of various substances on callus growth in Mannia androgyna.

Cultures were maintained at 25 + 2°C in 150 lux of continuous illumination.

For fresh/dry weight, each figure represents an average of 12 replicates. Data

from 55-day-old cultures.

Relative change per culture (% of control)

Treatment Fresh weight Dry weight.

Thiourea

107M 103.07 102.98

106M 106.98 114.63

105M 121.86 132.37

104M 129.72 143.45

Urea

107M 58.92 65.88

106M 51.07 65.02

105M 37.81 40.64

104M 26.43 30.89

2,4-D

107M 128.02 109.96

106M 152.96 107.80

Coconut milk

5% (viv) 99.11 117.29

10% (v/v) 96.53 118.28

15% (v/v) 94.08 118.86

30% (viv) 88.96 121.74

50% (v/v) 84.74 120.09

Combinations

% CM + 107M 2,4-D 79.81 75.77

5% CM + 106M 2,4-D 66.07 69.87

10% CM + 107M 2,4-D 87.42 98.60

10% CM + 106M 24-D 83.16 85.55

Source : MNHN. Paris

GROWTH OF MANNIA ANDROGYNA 161

Coconut milk

This was tried at five concentrations: 5, 10, 15, 30 and 50% (v/v). Cal-

lus growth was inhibited, but the calluses became greener. Maximum inhi-

bition was obtained at levels of 5 and 10 per cent. As the concentration was

increased, fresh weight decreased, but dry weight increased, 30 per cent be-

ing the optimum (Tab. 2).

Coconut milk - 2,4-D interaction

Callus growth was enhanced by 2,4-D and inhibited by coconut milk.

Combinations of 5 and 10 per cent (v/v) coconut milk with 107 and 10°M

24-D were tested (Tab. 2). In the presence of both, the fresh and dry

weights of calluses were further reduced. On media containing 5 per cent co-

conut milk, together with 107 and 105M 2,4-D, growth was greatly inhibited

(Tab. 2). Numerous rhizoids developed from the callus surface, and the ca-

luses turned yellowish-green after 30 days.

DISCUSSION

Casein hydrolysate (a mixture of amino acids) has been found to in-

duce callus in Fossombronia pusilla (Mehra & Pahwa 1976), Polytrichum com-

mune (Ward & Frederick 1967) and Marchantia palmata (Chopra & Dhin-

gra-Babbar 1986). When it was added to the inductive medium, it stimulated

callus growth in Funaria hygrometrica (Rashid & Chopra 1969, Kumra 1981),

Bryum coronatum (Kumra 1981), Hyophila involuta (Rahbar 1982), Asterella

wallichiana (Dua 1983) and Marchantia palmata (Chopra & Dhingra-Babbar

1986). However, in the present investigation on Mannia, casein hydrolysate

retarded callus growth. Johri & Srivastava (1973) reported that in Putranjiva

a source of reduced nitrogen in the form of yeast extract or casein hydroly-

sate must be present in the medium for cailus growth and differentiation.

The effect of casein hydrolysate could be partly replaced by valine or leu-

cine, constituents of CH. When all the 13 amino acids reported to be pres-

ent in CH were used together, the growth and differentiation of callus were

slowed down.

Wettstein (1953) and Bünning & Wettstein (1953) obtained undifferen-

tiated tissue from spores of Funaria with relatively high concentrations of

chloral hydrate. Kumra (1981) reported that, in Funaria, callus growth was

slightly accelerated with chloral hydrate at lower levels, but that in Bryum it

proved inhibitory at all concentrations. In Asterella wallichiana, callus

growth was stimulated by chloral hydrate (Dua 1983). Similar observations

have been made in Mannia androgyna.

Maleic hydrazide is a naturally occurring isomer of uracil; it is one of

the most effective and widely used substances for controlling the growth and

development of intact plants. Gautheret (1952) regarded it as an antiauxin.

Kulescha (1955) and Butenko (1964) reported that high concentrations of

maleic hydrazide inhibited growth, whereas lower levels were stimulatory.

Similar effects were observed on the growth of gemmae in Marchantia (All-

sopp et al. 1968, Prior & Brown 1970) and the growth of thalli in Noterocla-

Source - MNHN. Paris

162 A. KAPUR and R.N. CHOPRA

da confluens (Mahi & Allsopp 1970a). In Aneura pinguis callus-like prolifer-

ations resulted at higher levels of maleic hydrazide ((Паһі & Allsopp 1970a).

Kumra (1981) observed that, in Funaria hygrometrica and Bryum coronatum,

callus growth was inhibited by maleic hydrazide. In Mannia androgyna, ma-

leic hydrazide and uracil marginally stimulate callus growth at lower levels,

whereas at higher concentrations they are inhibitory.

Steward (1961) observed that coconut milk increased the growth of cal-

lus obtained from Jerusalem artichoke tuber. In Mannia androgyna coconut

milk reduces the growth of callus, which, however, becomes more green. Si-

milarly, reduced growth in response to coconut milk was recorded by Rah-

bar (1982) in Hyophila involuta. However, in Atrichum undulatum, Polytri-

chum commune (Ward 1960), Physcomitrium coorgense (Lal 1961), Asterella

angusta (Rashid 1968), Funaria hygrometrica (Rashid & Chopra 1969, Kumra

1981), Riccardia multifida (Ilahi & Allsopp 1970b), Physcomitrium pyriforme

(Menon & Lal 1977) and Asterella wallichiana (Dua 1983) coconut milk en-

hanced callus growth. In Marchantia palmata, coconut milk at 15 per cent

(v/v) stimulated growth, but retarded it at 25 per cent (Chopra & Dhingra-

Babbar 1986).

Cytokinin-like substances have been detected in coconut milk (Loeffler

& Overbeek 1963, Letham 1968). Steward & Caplin (1951) reported that

maximum growth of excised potato tuber was not supported by coconut

milk or 2,4-D alone but that a combination of the two was effective. In

Hyophila involuta the inhibition of growth caused by coconut milk was over-

come to some extent, by 2,4-D (Rahbar 1981). Saxena & Rashid (1982) ob-

served that, in Anoectangium thomsonii, stable callus was obtained by the ad-

dition of both coconut milk and 2,4-D. In Mannia androgyna this

combination retarded growth.

Yeast extract hindered callus growth in Hyophila (Rahbar 1981), Funa-

ria, Bryum (Kumra 1981) and Asterella wallichiana (Dua 1983). On the other

hand, the growth of callus was stimulated by yeast extract in Marchantia

(Chopra & Dhingra-Babbar 1986) and Mannia (present investigation).

Growth of callus in Mannia androgyna was stimulated by thiourea, but

reduced by urea. However, in Marchantia palmata, callus growth was en-

hanced at lower concentrations of urea and thiourea, but these chemicals

had an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations (Chopra & Dhingra-Babbar

1986). Callus growth in Hyophila (Rahbar 1982) and Asterella (Dua 1983)

was inhibited by urea. In Bryum coronatum and Funaria hygrometrica urea

stimulated callus growth (Kumra 1981).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. - Financial assistance from the Council of Scientif-

ic and Industrial Research, New Delhi, is gratefully acknowledged.

REFERENCES

ALLSOPP A., PERMAN C., RAO A.N., 1968 - The effects of growth substances

and inhibitors on the development of Marchantia gemmae. Phytomorphology

18: 84-94.

Source : MNHN, Paris

GROWTH OF MANNIA ANDROGYNA 163

BUNNING E., von WETTSTEIN D., 1953 - Polarität und Differenzierung an

Mooskeimen. Naturwissenschaften 40: 147-148.

BUTENKO R.G., 1964 - Plant tissue culture and plant morphogenesis. Translated

from Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem. Pp. 36-144.

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164 A. KAPUR and R.N. CHOPRA

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Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1991, 12 (2): 165-167 165

OXYSTEGUS HIBERNICUS (MITT.) HILP.

NEU FÜR FRANKREICH

Jan-Peter FRAHM

Universität Duisburg, Fachbereich 6, Botanik,

Postfach 101503, 4100 Duisburg, R.F.A.

ABSTRACT - Oxystegus hibernieus (Mitt.) Hilp., a species previously known only

from Great Britain and Ireland, is recorded for the first time for France, where it

had been found at the Cascade de Tendon in the Vosges Mountains, NE-France.

Oxystegus hibernicus ist eine in Europa endemische Art mit stark

ausgeprágter atlantischer Verbreitung. Düll (1984) gibt die Art aus

GroBbritannien und Irland und als fragliche Angaben aus der Tschechoslo-

wakei und der Türkei an. In GroBbritannien ist die Art auf die eu-atlantis-

chen Gebiete an der Westküste Schottlands und auf Irland beschränkt

(Smith 1978). Die Art konnte im Herbst 1990 erstmalig auch in Frankreich

in den Vogesen nachgewiesen werden. Sie wurde dort vom Verfasser an der

Grand Cascade de Tendon nördlich von Remiremont bei etwa 550 m Höhe

auf ständig übersprühten Buntsandsteinfelsen am Grunde des Wasserfalls ge-

funden. Die Bestimmung wurde von Dr. AE. Smith (Bangor, Wales)

bestätigt.

Oxystegus hibernicus bildet an dem Standort bis 4 cm hohe lockere

grau- bis oliv- oder schwarzgrüne Polster (nach Smith (1978) kann die Art in

Großbritannien eine Höhe von 10 cm erreichen).

Die Art ähnelt im Gelände O. cylindricus (Brid.) Hilp., ist aber mehr

als doppelt so groß und wächst in rundlichen Polstern und nicht, wie O. cy-

lindricus, in lockeren Herden. Die auch feucht krause Beblätterung läßt an

eine feucht gewachsene Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. denken. Im trock

nen Zustand wird diese Ähnlichkeit durch weißliche schimmernde anlieg-

ende Blattscheiden verstärkt. Sie wächst dort in Begleitung von Scapania un-

dulata (L. Dum., Brachythecium rivulare B.S.G. und Rhynchostegium

riparioides (Hedw.) Card. (an überfluteten Stellen) sowie Amphidium mougeo-

tü (B.S.G.) Schimp., Marsupella emerginata (Ehrh.) Dum., Racomitrium aci-

culare (Hedw.) Brid., R. aquaticum (P. Beauv.) Brid., Bryum pseudotriquetrum

(Hedw.) Schwaegr., Алеша pinguis (L.) Dum., Rhizomnium punctatum

(Hedw.) T. Kop., Ctenidiwm molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt., Fissidens cristatus

Wils. und Tritomaria exsecta (Schrad.) Loeske an etwas weniger nassen Stel-

len. Der pH Wert des Wassers beträgt 6,4, die Leitfähigkeit 20 us. Am Was-

Source : MNHN. Paris

166 J.P. FRAHM

serfall kommen an weiteren erwähnenswerten Arten noch Hookeria lucens

(Hedw.) Sm. und Hyocomium armoricum (Brid.) Wijk & Marg. vor.

Mikroskopisch unterscheidet sich Oxystegus hibernicus von O. cylindricus

(cf. Smith 1978) durch eine breitere, scheidige Blattbasis, einen glatten

Blattrand in der Blattspitze und kurz rechteckige, nicht quadratische mittlere

Laminazellen. Die realtiv geringen Unterschiede zu O. cylindricus haben

dazu geführt, daB. Podpera (1954) O. Aibernicus als Subspezies zu dieser Art

gestellt hat. In der taxonomischen Wertigkeit ähnelt O. hibernicus demnach

anderen atlantischen Kleinarten wie Rhynchostegium alopecuroides (Brid.)

A J.E. Smith oder Isothecium holtii Kindb.

Die Umgebung des Fundortes von Oxystegus hibernicus ist für das Vor-

kommen weiterer atlantischer Arten bekannt (Frahm 1989). Dazu zählen

Sematophyllum demissum (Wils.) Mitt., S. micans (Mitt.) Braithw., Lepidozia

cupressina (Sw.) Lindenb. und Rhynchostegium alopecuroides. Sematophyllum

demissum und Rhynchostegium alopecuroides sind ebenso wie Oxystegus hiber-

nicus auf Vorkommen an Wasserfällen beschränkt. Sematophyllum micans ist

ebenfalls erst jüngst neu für die Vogesen und Frankreich angegeben worden

(Frahm & Schumacker 1986). Sowohl Sematophyllum micans als auch Oxys-

tegus hibernicus sind auffalligerweise nicht ebenfalls aus den atlantischen

Küstengebieten Frankreichs bekannt sondern nur aus den viel weiter östlich

schon in Mitteleuropa gelegenen Vogesen. Trotz der niedrigen Meereshöhe

weisen die Südwestvogesen jedoch relativ hohe Niederschlagswerte auf, die

im Gebiet der Vorkommen der genannten atlantischen Moosarten 1200 -

1400 mm betragen (Rempp in Issler 1942).

Der Fund dieser eu-atlantischen Arten in Zentraleuropa läßt sich als

Reliktvorkommen an für diese Arten begünstigten Standorten wie einem

Wasserfall erklären. Die Ausbreitung in die Vogesen muß dabei in einer

kühlfeuchten Periode des Holozäns erfolgt sein, da die heutigen Vorkommen

dieser atlantischen Arten überwiegend in ehemals vergletscherten Tälern lie-

gen. Problematisch dabei ist nur, daß diese Arten (jedenfalls heutzutage) fast

stets steril sind. Dagegen spricht, daß diese Standorte wie die Cascade de

Tendon oder der Saut de Bouchout mit seinem Vorkommen von Semato-

phyllum micans schon im letzten Jahrhundert bryologisch gut durchforschte

Standorte waren und den damaligen Bryologen, die im Gebiet tätig waren,

wie Abbé Boulay oder Mougeot diese schon damals bekannten und unter-

schiedenen Arten vermutlich aufgefallen wären. Für eine rezente Ansiedlung

spricht auch die Tatsache, daß sich der Bestand von Sematophyllum micans

seit seiner Entdeckung am Saut du Bouchout bei Vagney in seiner Ausdeh-

nung vervielfacht hat. Offenbar kommen die relativ milden Winter in den

letzten Jahren den Ansprüchen dieser Arten entgegen.

Material: Frankreich. Dep. Vosges, Grand Cascade de Tendon NW Le

Tholy nördlich von Remiremont, Topographische Karte 3518, auf Buntsand-

steinfelsen an der Basis des Wasserfalls ca. 550 msm. Frahm 905817 (hb.

Frahm).

Source : MNHN, Paris

OXYSTEGUS HIBERNICUS 167

LITERATUR

DULL R., 1984 - Distribution of European Mosses. Bryol. Beitr, 4: 1-113.

FRAHM J.-P. (avec la collaboration de D. Lamy, G. Philippi, V. Rasteter, R.

Schumacker et J. Werner), 1989 - Flore bryologique des Vosges et des zones

limitrophes. 126 SS & 680 Verbreitungskarten. Duisburg.

FRAHM J.-P. & SCHUMACKER R., 1986 - Sematophyllum micans (Wils.)

Braithw. (Musci) nouveau pour la bryoflore frangaise, dans trois localités vos-

gesiennes. Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lickénol. 7: 95-102.

ISSLER F., 1942 - Vegetationskunde der Vogesen. Jena.

PODPERA J., 1954 - Conspectus Muscorum Europaeorum. Prag.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichenol. 1991, 12 (2): 169-171 169

TROIS BRYOPHYTES NOUVELLES POUR LA PARTIE

AVEYRONNAISE DU PLATEAU D’AUBRAC

Sphagnum centrale C. Jens., Sphagnum warnstorfii Russ.

et Sphagnum contortum Schultz

J. PUJOS

13, rue Jean Monnet, F-76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan.

RESUME - La flore bryologique de la partie aveyronnaise du plateau d'Aubrac

s'enrichit de trois espèces nouvelles, dont l'une est nouvelle pour l'Aubrac.

La 13ème session extraordinaire de la Société Botanique du Centre-

Ouest avait permis en 1987 d'établir un rapide inventaire des sphaignes

récoltées en Aubrac. 16 espèces avaient été récoltées, dont le Sphagnum

contortum, mais observé en Lozère, à Les-Salces, près du col de Bonnecombe

à 1300-1350m.

Lors d'une visite des tourbiéres de l'Aubrac en Septembre 1990, l'au-

teur a récolté Sphagnum centrale au lac de Souveyrols (N° de récolte: 596) et

en bordure du ruisseau du Pesquier à proximité d'Aubrac (N° de récolte:

563) en compagnie de Sphagnum warnstorfii (N° de récolte: 564 et 366).

Sphagnum warnstorfii a été également récolté à la tourbière de la Source du

Roc (N° de récolte: 583) ainsi que Sphagnum contortum (N° de récolte: 585).

Les différents échantillons sont déposés dans l'herbier de l'auteur à Rouen.

Nouvelles stations

Ruisseau du Pesquier: UTM= EK 00-40, EK 00-39.

Il s'agit d'un pâturage parsemé de nombreuses sources alimentant le

ruisseau du Pesquier. Sphagnum centrale y constitue de petites buttes

homogènes découpant en éventail le cours des ruisselets, en compagnie de

Scirpus cespitosus, Calluna vulgaris, Potentilla recta. En bordure de ces for-

mations, Sphagnum warnstorfii se présente en colonies moins compactes, plus

ou moins inondées, en lisiére des filets d’eau, peuplés par Sphagnum

denticulatum Brid. et Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr.

Source du Roc: UTM= EK 01-38.

C’est une des multiples hautes tourbiéres 4 sphaignes trés abondantes

en Aubrac, entre la source du roc et Campuels, a une altitude de 1280m.

Source : MNHN. Paris

170 1. PUJOS

Sphagnum warnstorfii y constitue de petites formations homogènes en si-

tuation plus ou moins inondées, en compagnie de Sphagnum nemoreum, avec

Menyanthes trifoliata, Potentilla recta, Andromeda polifolia, et Calluna vulgaris.

Lac de Souveyrols: UTM — EK 04-41, EK 03-41.

Cette station est située sur la ligne de contact entre le lac et la

tourbiére. Celle-ci tend à gagner actuellement sur le lac, pour constituer une

formation transgressive de quelques mètres, constituée de la succession

centrifuge suivante: Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy & Molk., Sphagnum teres,

Sphagnum angustifolium (Russ.) C. Jens. et Sphagnum centrale.

Commentaires

Sphagnum warnstorfii. - Il sagit d'un taxon circumpolaire dans les

régions sub-arctiques et boréales, particulièrement bien représenté en Europe

du nord et dans les régions sub-alpines. Sa répartition en France se limite

au Jura, aux Alpes, au Massif-Central, aux Pyrénées et au Bassin Parisien.

Cette espèce avait déjà été récoltée dans les Monts Dores, marais de la

Croix Morand (Herbier Lamy De la Chapelle, échantillon n° 625), plateau

de Bozat (Héribaud 1899), dans le Cantal, au petit lac du Pont de Roche,

pres de Ségar (1130m) (Herbier Duclos, récolte du 15/05/1938), au col

d'Entremont, entre Dienne et Meynial (1200m) (Herbier Duclos, récolte du

23/06/1939) et a Prat-de-Bouc (1480m) (Herbier Duclos, récolte du 27/06/

1939).

Ces nouvelles localités, en bordure de la Forét domaniale d’Aubrac,

constituent une légère extension d’aire vers le sud.

Sphagnum contortum. - Cette espèce circumpolaire à légères tendances

continentales est bien représentée en France, où elle atteint 2000m dans les

Alpes. Il s'agit plutôt d'une espèce de prairies et de marais tourbeux de bas-

se altitude. Abondamment récoltée dans le Massif-Central, la seule localité

aveyronnaise avait été découverte par Dismier (Herbier Dismier, échantillon

n° 121, récolté le 11/08/1922), à Pont Lavieille (950m) non loin de

Thérondels. Or si Thérondels se situe bien dans le département de

l'Aveyron, Pont Lavieille - en réalité Pont la Vielle - est situé dans le

Cantal. En fait, la station présumée de Sphagnum contortum prospectée par

Dismier borde le Ruisseau des Saignes qui constitue la limite entre les 2

départements.

Notre localité, située à 40km environ au sud-est de la précédente,

constitue une station intermédiaire entre les stations du Massif-Central et les

stations pyrénéennes, limite méridionale de l'aire de répartition de l'espéce

en Europe.

Sphagnum centrale. - Cette espéce circumpolaire à tendances continen-

tales, est une espéce rare en France. Ceci explique le nombre restreint

d'échantillons conservés au Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. D'après

Cardot (Héribaud 1899), cette espéce aurait été trouvée dans le Puy-de-

Dóme par M. Robert du Buysson, mais sans indication de localité.

Source : MNHN. Paris

3 SPHAGNUM NOUVEAUX EN AUBRAC 171

L'échantillon d’herbier correspondant n'a pas été retrouvé. L'on ne pourra

donc que s’enthousiasmer de la découverte de cette nouvelle localité de

Sphagnum centrale en France.

N.B.: Tous les échantillons d’herbiers cités dans la publication ont été

vérifiés et confirmés par l'auteur et sont conservés à PC.

Conclusion

L'étude sommaire que nous avons réalisée dans cette partie

aveyronnaise de l'Aubrac s'est avérée trés fructueuse (12 espéces de

sphaignes pour cette seule dition) et confirme l'intérêt majeur des lacs-

tourbiéres de l'Aubrac, notamment pour leur richesse en sphaignes. Ces

quelques données devraient aider à préciser la carte de la répartition en

France de ces 3 espéces.

REMERCIEMENTS. - L'auteur est redevable à Y. Angoy et Р. Magnes pour

l'avoir guidé et accompagné sur le terrain. L'auteur est trés reconnaissant à J. Sapaly

pour lui avoir fourni les coordonnées UTM des localités. Il remercie également D.

Lamy, documentaliste au Laboratoire de Cryptogamie du Muséum National d'His-

toire Naturelle pour lui avoir fourni une documentatin pertinente. L'auteur désire

également remercier R. Gauthier, Conservateur de l'Herbier Louis-Marie de

l'Université Laval (Québec) pour son aide à la détermination et à la vérification du

matériel.

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Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichenol. 1991, 12 (2): 173-188 173

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Chez les bryophytes d’habitats ombragés et chronologiquement improduc-

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Source : MNHN. Paris

174 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

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Voir aussi: 91-119, 91-127, 91-142, 91-172, 91-180, 91-191, 91-183.

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L'absorption d'acides aminés par les cellules de transfert de l'haustorium

est une translocation secondaire (proton-amino acid symport) energisée par une

translocation primaire (efflux proton). Les cellules de transfert possèdent un

équipement enzymatique de membrane particulièrement efficace pour achever l'ab-

sorption des solutés filtrés dans l'apoplaste des autres types de cellules.

Voir aussi: 91-174.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 175

Répartition, Ecologie, Sociologie

91-127 ABRAMOV LI., ABRAMOVA A.L., SIROTINA LY. - De speciebus generis

Enthostodon Schwaegr. (Funariaceae) ex Asia Media. Nov. Sist. Nizsh. Rast.,

Akad. Nauk SSSR, Bot. Inst. V.L. Komarova 1989, 26: 124-132, 2 fig. , en rus-

se.

Descr., ill, distr. d Enthostodon handel, E. pallescens, E. angustifolius

présents en Asie mineure.

91-128 ABRAMOV LL, ABRAMOVA A.L., SIROTINA LV. - Ad bryofloram

Turcomaniae, 2. Nov. Sist. Nizsh. Rast., Akad. Nauk SSSR, Bot. Inst. V.L.

Komarova 1989, 26: 133-136, en russe.

Liste de 10 mousses avec loc. de Turquie.

91-129 ABRAMOVA A.L., TSEGMED Ts. - Ad bryofloram Altai Mongolici. Nov.

Sist. Nizsh. Rast, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Bot. Inst. V.L. Komarova 1989, 26:

136-146, 1 carte, en russe.

Liste de 118 mousses avec loc. en Mongolie.

91-130 AFONINA O.M., DUDA J. - Ad floram hepaticarum Korjakiae

septentrionalis. Nov. Sist. Nizsh. Rast., Akad. Nauk SSSR, Bot. Inst. Komarova

1989, 26: 147-149, en russe.

91-131 AL ARAJ B. und KLOTZ G. - Moose im Botanischen Garten der Friedrich-

Schiller-Universitat. Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Naturwiss. Reihe

1989, 38(2): 241-243 (Sekt. Biol, Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, WB

Phytotaxonomie, D-6900 Jena).

Liste de 31 mousses et 5 hépatiques récoltées en 1987 dans le Jardin bota-

nique de l'Université Friedrich-Schiller de Jena.

91-132 ARLUISON M. - Compte-rendu de l'excursion bryologique du 19 mars 1989 à

Bois-le-Roi. Bull. Assoc. Naturalistes Vallée Loing & Massif Fontainebleau

1989, 65(2): 89-90.

91-133 BOUSSIOUD-CORBIERES F. et TIXIER P. - Contribution à l'étude de la

vépétation en milieu urbanisé. Créteil (Val de Marne). 1986-1988. Compt. Rend.

Séances Soc. Biogeogr. 1989, 65(2): 77-94, 4 fig. (Lab. Biol. vég. & Environ-

nement, Université Paris- Val de Marne).

Phytocénoses de 3 stations d'espaces verts et de friches. Descr. des grou-

pements synanthropiques. Bryophytes associés.

91-134 BRZEG A., KASPROWICZ M., KROTOSKE T. - Acidofilne Lasy z Klasky

Quercetea robortpetraeae Br-Bl et R. Tx. 1943 w Wielkopolsce. 1.

Molinio(caeruleae)-Quercetum roboris Scam. et Pass. 1959 emend. -

Srodkowoeuropejska Mokra Dabrowe Trzgslicowa. Badania Fizjograf. Polska

Zachodn, Ser. B Bot. 1989, 39: 5-36, 3 tabl., en polonais, rés. angl. (Dept. Pl.

Ecol. & Environm. Prot, Adam Mickiewicz Univ., Stalingradlszka 14,

PL-61713 Poznañ).

91-135 CABIDO M., ACOSTA A. y DIAZ S. - Estudios fitosociologicos en los

Pastizales de la Sierras de Cordoba, Argentina. Las Comunidades de la Pampa

de San Luis. Phytocoenologia 1989, 17(4): 569-592, 2 fig., 9 tabl, (Fac. Ci.

Exactas, Fis. & Nat, Univ. Nac. Cordoba, C.C. 395, 5000 Cordoba,

Argentina).

Descr. de la Pampa de San Luis, haut plateau (1800-1900m), et des 11

communautés de plantes présentes. Lichens et bryophytes associés.

91-136 CASAS i SICART C. & PEREZ-OBIOL К. - Noves dades briófits semifóssils

de la Garrotxa. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 1989, 56, Sec. Geol., 5: 27-30,

2 fig. (Dept. Biol. Anim., Biol. veg. & Ecol, Univ. Autonoma Barcelona,

E-08913 Bellaterra (Barcelona).

Source : MNHN. Paris

176 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Deser. de 5 mousses subfossiles récoltés dans les sédiments cendrés de l'ai-

re volcanique de la Garrotxa. Meesia triquetra nouv. pour la Catalogne. Origine, cx-

tinction.

91-137 CZERDANZEVA V.Ja. - Species muscorum rarae et curiosae in Oriente

extremo URSS inventae. Nov. Sist. Nizsh. Rast., Akad. Nauk SSSR, Inst. Bot.

V.L. Komarova 1989, 26: 157-159, en russe.

Liste de 14 bryophytes de l'extrême orient soviétique.

91-138 CARILLO E. & NIMOT J.M. - El Saxifrago-minuartietum sedoidis, una

nova associacio del Festucion airoidis. Folia Bot. Misc, (Barcelona) 1989, 6:

103-107, 1 tabl. (Dept. Biol. Veg. (Bot.), Univ. Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645,

E-08028 Barcelona).

Deser., caractéristiques du Saxifrago-Minuartietum sedoidis ass. nov. des

Pyrénées. Bryophytes associés.

91-139 DUDA J., VÁŇA J. - Roziffeni jätrovek v Československu LV. Cas. Slez.

Muz. Opava (А) 1989, 38(2): 97-115, 2 cartes, en tchèque, rés. all. et russe

(Slezske Muz., Csc-74646 Opava).

Distr. de Metzgeria furcata et Lophozia laxa en Tchécoslovaquie, à partir

de la bibliogr. et de récoltes récentes.

91-140 DUDA J. - Mechorosty Ostravsko-karvinského reviru - 2. Bryoflora des

Steinkohlenbeckens zwischen Ostrava und Karyina (CSSR). Cas. Slez. Muz.

Opava (A) 1989, 38(2): 149-164, 12 cartes, en tchéque, rés. angl. et allemand

(Ibidem).

Distr. des mousses dans l'aire minière Ostrava-Karvina, relations avec la

pollution par métaux lourds.

91-141 DUDA J., VANA J. - Rozsifeni játrovek v Ceskoslovensku LVI. Cas. Slez.

Muz. Opava (A) 1989, 38(3): 209-224, 3 cartes, en tchèque, rés. allemand et

russe (Ibidem).

Distr. en Tchécoslovaquie (données bibliogr. et récentes) de Lophozia

ascendens, L. heterocolpos et Bazzania tricrenata.

91-142 GROLLE R. - Über Asterella subg. Brachyblepharis in Latein-Amerika. Wiss.

7. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Naturwiss. Reihe 1989, 38(2): 231-239, 3 fig.

(Sekt, Biol., Friedrich-Schiller Univ., DDR-6900 Jena).

Clé aux 3 esp. d’Asterella subgen. Brachyblepharis d'Amérique latine: A.

venosa, A. chilensis, A. dominicensis. Descr., ill, taxon. des taxons. A. dissoluta

(Steph) cn. (= Fimbriaria) d'Afrique E; lectotypification de Fimbriaria arsenii

Steph. syn. nouv. d’ A. lateralis.

91-143 HADAC E. a SOLDÁN Z. - Rostlinná společenstva pramenist a horských

potokii v Bukovských vrsich na severovy chodnim Slovensku. - Plant communit

of springs and mountain brooks in the Bukovske vrchy hills, NE Slovakia.

Preslia 1989, 61(4): 343-353, 5 tabl. (Utsav krajinne ČSAV, Bořivojova 35,

Csc-13000 Praha 3).

Descr. des communautés vég. des collines Bukovske vrchy - Bryophytes

associés.

91-144 KARCZMARZ K., SOKOLOWSKI A.W. - Brioflora projektowanego

Wigierskiego Parku Narodowego. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Lublin

Sect. C Biol. "1985" 1988, 40(18): 193-213, 1 tabl., 4 fig. , en polonais, rés.

russe et angl. (Inst. Biol. UMCS, Zakl. Syst. & Geogr. Rosl., Lublin, Poland).

Bryoflore du parc national Wigry. Catalogue des bryophytes et écol.

91-145 KARCZMARZ K., SOKOLOWSKI A.W. - Roślinność torfowiske Loskieé w

Puszezy Kurpiowskiej. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Lublin Sect. C

Biol. "1985" 1988, 40(19): 215-224, 3 tabl., en polonais, res. angl. et russe

(Ibidem).

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 177

Descr. des communautés veget. de la tourbiére Lokie en forêt Kurpiowske,

plaine de Poldase: Dryopteridi thelipteridis-Betuletum pubescentis, Carici elongatae-

Alnetum. Evolution depuis 20 ans. Bryophytes associés.

91-146 KOPERSKI M. - Ein Nachtrag zur Moosflora der nordwestdeutschen

Tiefebene. Herzogia 1989, 8: 61-68 (In den Freuen 48, D-2820 Bremen 77).

Nouveautés depuis le catalogue de Koppe (1964). Diagn. de Campylopus

introflexus f. epilosus Walsemann, C. i. f. gemmascens Walsemann, Hypnum

mamillatum f. serpentinum (Riehm) Walsemann (= H. cupressiforme var.

mamillatum f.).

91-147 KUCHARCZYK M. - Zbiorowiska ruderalne Mielca. Ann. Univ. Mariae

Curie-Sklodowska Lublin Sect. C Biol. "1985" 1988, 40(24): 275-290, 7 tabl.,

en polonais, rés. russe et angl. (Inst. Biol. UMCS, Zakl. Syst. & Geogr. Rosl.,

Poland).

de 17 communautés rudérales: structure et composition floristique.

Bryophytes associés.

91-148 LAUSI D. and NIMIS P.L. - Ecological phytogeography of the Southern

Yukon territory (Canada). In: NIMIS P.L. and CROVELLO T.J., Quantita-

tive approaches to phytogeography. Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ. 1990, pp.

35-122, 17 tabl., 48 fig. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Trieste, I-34127 Trieste).

Relations entre la distribution actuelle des plantes boréales et leurs ex

gences écologiques basées sur un survol phytogéographique du territoire du Yukon

classification de la végétation en communautés, caractéristiques écologiques et distr.

phytogéogr. Traitements numériques. Utilisation pour une étude des changements

climatiques en relation avec l'évolution floristique. Bryophytes et lichens associés.

91-149 LINKE C. - Beitrag zur Moosflora der brandenburgischen Bezirke. Die

Umgebung von Bad Liebenwerda. Gleditschia 1989, 17(2): 251-263 (Puschlinstr.

1, Pritzwalk 1920, DDR).

Catalogue de 36 hépatiques et 136 mousses avec loc. dans la région de

Bad Liebenwerda. Evolution de cette bryoflore.

91-150 LUCZYCKA-POPIEL A. - Zbiorowiskasynantropijne w Lasach

Kozlowieckich Koto Lublina. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Lublin Sect.

C Biol. “1985” 1988, 40(25): 291-307, 2 tabl., en polonais, rés, russe et angl.

(Inst. Biol. UMCS, Zakl. Syst. & Geogr. Rosl., Lublin, Poland).

Descr, de 6 assoc. synanthropiques et de 3 communautés non identifiées

dans la forêt de Kozlowske près de Lublin. Bryophytes associés.

91-151 MARSTALLER R. - Bryosoziologische Studien im Naturschutzgebiet Bleiberg

bei Saalburg (Kreis Schleiz, Bezirk Gera). 31. Beitrag zur Moosvegetation

Thüringens. Herzogia 1989, 8: 1-51, 29 tabl., 2 fig. (Friedrich-Schiller-Univ.

‚Jena, Sekt. Biol., Wissensch. Ökol., DDR-6900 Jena).

Descr. de 44 communautés de bryophytes dans la réserve naturelle

^Bleiberg", vallée supérieure de la Saale, sud de l'Allemagne de l'Est. Elles appar-

tiennent aux cl. Racomitrietea heterostichi, Lepidozietea reptantis, Grimmietea

annodontis, Neckeretea complanatae et Ctenidietea mollusci. 36 hépatiques et 181

mousses citées.

91-152 MARSTALLER R. - Die Mossgesellschaft des Verbandes Ceratodonto-

Polytrichion piliferi (Waldheim 1947) v. Hübschmann 1967. 38. Beitrag zur

Moosvegetation Thüringens. Gleditschia 1989, 17(1): 107-120, 5 tabl. (Ibidem).

Communautés bryophytiques acidophiles et photophiles de Гай. terricole

Ceratodonto-Polytrichion pilifert: structures, distr. et synsystématique. Lichens

associés,

91-153 MARSTALLER R. - Die Moosgesellschaften des Verbandes Phascion

cuspidati Waldheim ex v. Krusenstjerna 1945. 39. Beitrag zur Moosvegetation

Thüringens. Gleditschia 1989, 17(1): 121-137, 8 tabl. (Ibidem).

Source : MNHN, Paris

178 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Structure, distr. et synsystem. des 4 communautés bryoph. mesophyt. de

Vall. Phascion cuspidati, cl. Barbuletea unguiculatae.

91-154 MARSTALLER R. - Die Mossgesellschaften der Ordnung Funarietalia

Aygrometricae v. Hübschmann 1957. 45. Beitrag zur Moosvegetation Thürin-

gens, Gledischia 1989, 17(2): 237-250, 6 tabl. (Ibidem).

Structure, distr., synsyst. de 6 communautés bryoph. méso- et hygrophyt.

de l'ordre Funarietalia hygrometricae dont Pseudephemero nitidi-Physcomitrietum

eurystomi ass. пошу.

91-155 MARTINEZ LACAL F., МАТЕО F.D. & VARO T. - Tortula rhizophylla

(Sak.) Iwats, & Saito, musgo nuevo para la Peninsula ibérica. Folia Bot. Mise.

(Barcelona) 1989, 6: 81-84, 2 fig. (Dept. Biol. veg. (Bot.), Univ. Granada,

E-18001 Granada).

91-156 MATTHEY Y. - Etude phytosociologique du complexe de tourbiéres du Bois-

des-Lattes. Bull. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat, 4° sér., 1986, 109: 137-145, 3 fig., 2

tabl. (Lab. Ecol. Vég., Inst. Bot, 22 chemin de Chantemerle, CH-2000

Neuchatel 7).

Identification de 9 groupements dans la tourbière du Bois-des-Lattes. La

répartition dépend de la présence naturelle du Bied et de l'importance de la locali-

sation des anciennes exploitations.

91-157 MOHAN Gh. - Conspectul briofitelor din Muntenia. Acta Bot. Horti

Bucurest. "1987-1988" 1988: 97-187, en roumain, res. angl.

Liste avec loc. de 574 taxons du Muntenia (Roumanie). Bibliographie.

91-158 MOHAN Gh, - Contributii la cunoastera briofitelor din Muntii Tiblesului (1).

Acta Bot. Horti Bucurest. "1987-1988" 1988: 13-40, 8 fig, en roumain, res.

angl.

Inventaire florist. et écol. de 231 taxons du Mt Tiblesului.

91-159 MULLER S. - Analyse phytosociologique de deux landes hygrophiles remar-

quables du nord de la plaine d'Alsace. Comparaisons phytogéographiques avec le

Pays de Bitche. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 1989, 136, Lettres bot. (1): 79-86, 1 fig.

2 tabl. (17 rue des Bénédictins, F-57000 Metz).

Phytosociol. de 2 landes hygrophiles: Juncerum squarrosi sous-ass.

agrostidetosum capillaris et sphagnetosum compacti. Elles comportent des

caractéristiques plus atlantiques que les groupements équivalents du Pays de Bitche,

d'où la nécessité de la mise en place de mesures conservatoires.

91-160 MURRAY K.J., TENHUNEN J.D. and KUMMEROW J. - Limitations on

‘Sphagnum growth and net primary production in the foothills of the Philip Smith

Mountains, Alaska. Oecolgia 1989, 80(2): 256-262, 5 fig. 2 tabl. (Syst. Ecol.

Res. Gr., San Diego State Univ., San Diego CA 92182, USA).

91-161 NOVOTNY 1. - The moss, Ephemerum recurvifolium (Dicks.) Boul., new to

Hungary. Acta Mus. Moray. Sei, Nat. Вто 1988, 73: 223-224, 1 tabl. (Dept.

Bot., Morav. Mus., Preslova 1, Cs-60200 Brno).

Phytocoenol. et analyse du sol de la localité où a été récolté Ephemerum

recurvifolium: près de Aracs, nord du Lac Balaton.

91-162 OCHYRA R. and SZMAJDA P. - Atlas of the geographical distribution of

spore plants in Poland. Series V. Mosses (Musci). Part 5. Krakow-Poznan: W-

Szafer Inst. Bot., Adam Mickiewicz Univ., 1990, 52 p., 10 cartes, en polonais

et en anglais (ISBN 83-232-0330-X, W. Szafer Inst. Bot., Polish Acad. Sci.,

Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Krakow, prix: USS 14.50 + port).

Distr. en Pologne, avec données écol. et bibliographie de Geheebia

gigantea, Dryoptodon patens, Racomitrium aciculare, R. aquaticum, R. fasciculare, R-

lanuginosum, Myurella julacea, M. tenerrima, Plagiothecium undulatum, Diphyscium

foliosum.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 179

91-163 PECIAR V. - Bryoflora Levoče v diele Viktora Greschika. Acta Fac. Rer.

Nat. Univ. Comenianae Bot. 1988, 36: 5-26, 2 fig., en tchèque, rés. angl. et all.

(Kat. Bot, & Ped., Prirod. Fak. UK, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia

Bryoflore de Levoca en Slovaquie, d'après le travail de Viktora Greschik

(1862-1946). Liste avec loc.

91-164 PECIAR V. - Studia bryofloristica slovaciae XIV. Acta Fac. Rer. Nat. Univ.

Comenianae Bot. 1988, 35:37-46, en tchèque, rés. angl. et all. (Ibidem).

91-165 PHILIPPI G. - Atrichum angustatum іп Südwest-Deutschland und

angrenzenden Gebieten. Herzogia 1989, 8 85-106, 2 fig, 5 tabl.

(Landessammlungen f. Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstrasse 13, D-7500 Karlsruhe)

Distr. et écol. d’ Atrichum angustatum en Allemagne SW et régions voi:

nes. Noter la raréfaction des sporophytes. Espèce compagnes et associations où

l'espèce est caractéristique. Pollution atmosphérique.

91-166 POPOVA N.N. - Rare bryophytes of the Don Right-bank Territory of the

central-Russian upland. Ukrajins’k. Bot. Zurn. 1989, 46(6): 87-92, en ukrainien,

rés. angl. (State Univ. named after Leninkomsomol, Voronezh, URSS)

91-167 POTYOMKIN A.D. - Liverworts of the Yamal Arctic tundras. Bot. Zurn.

(Moscow & Leningrad) 1989, 74(6): 806-815, 2 tabl., en russe, rés. angl. (Bot.

Inst. V.L. Komarova, AN SSSR, Leningrad, USSR).

62 esp. avec loc. dont 21 sont nouy. pour la Péninsule, et Lophozia

rubrigemma nouv, pour l'Eurasie. Notes écol.

91-168 SCHWAAR J. - Syndynamik von Schilfröhrichten, Grosseggensümpfen,

Erlenbruchwäldern und anderen Feuchtgesellschaften. Phytocoenologia 1989,

17(4): 507-568, 17 fig, 21 tabl (Niedersäch.-Landes-Bodenforsch.,

Bodentechn. Inst. Bremen, Friedrich-Missler-Str. 46/50, D-2800 Bremen 1).

Syndynamique des tourbières de l'estuaire de la Gesste. Macrofossiles.

Evolution de la végétation. Bryophytes et lichens associés.

91-169 TÓTH Z. - A phytogeographic review of Tortula Hedw. Sect. Rurales De Not.

(Pottiaceae, Musci) in Hungary. Acta Bot. Hung. "1987"1988, 33(3-4): 249-278,

21 fig. (Dept. PL Tax. & Ecol., L. Eôtvôs Univ., Budapest, Hungary).

Distr. des 13 taxons de Tortula sect. Rurales d'après les spécimens

d'herbiers.

91-170 VITT D.H. - Distribution patterns, adaptative strategies, and morphological

changes of mosses along elevational and latitudinal gradients on South Pacific

Islands. /n: P.L. NIMIS & T.J. CROVELLO, Quantitative approaches to

Phytogeography. Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1990: 205-231, 14 fig., 4 tabl.

(Dept. Bot., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9).

L'auteur essaie de répondre aux 4 questions suivantes: I-les associations

de mousses le long de gradients altitudinaux dans les iles du Pacifique S sont-ils

différents de ceux des gradients altitudinaux des iles subtropicales, tempérées,

subantarctiques ? 2- comment de telles différences se manifestent-elles en structure,

en composition taxonomique, en richesse spécifique? 3- quelles sont les stratégies

d'adaptation présentes le long de ces gradients altitud. et longitud.? 4- les modes

d'évolution dans les Bryopsida peuvent-ils être interprétés à la lumière des

différences observées actuellement? L'auteur remarque que l'évolution de la

végétation bryophyt. tropicale semble avoir été largement indépendante de celles des

végétations polaires et des tundras. Les stratégies d'adaptation et les modifications

structurelles impliquées dans l'évolution de ces communautés constrastées sont trés

différentes.

91-171 VOLKOVA L.A., REBRISTAJA O.V. - Ad bryofloram paeninsulae Tazenzis

(Siberia occidentalis). Nov. Sist. Nizsh. Rast, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Bot. Inst.

V.L. Komarova 1989, 26: 150-157, 1 carte, en russe.

Liste de 92 mousses avec loc. de la Péninsule de Taz.

Source : MNHN, Paris

180 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

91-172 WIEHLE W., BERG Ch. und GROLLE R. - Cryptopthallus mirabilis

Malmborg neu in Mitteleuropa. Herzogia 1989, 8: 107-124, 5 fig.. 1 carte, 2

tabl. (Friedensstr. 4, DDR-2060 Waren/Müritz).

Descr., hab., développement, variation morph. et distr. de Cryptothallus

mirabilis trouvé pour la 2° fois en Europe centrale, prés de Waren/Müritz (Allema-

gne).

91-173 ZÜNDORF H.J. - Zur Erforschung der Laubmoosflora von Cuba. Wiss. Z.

Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Naturwiss. Reihe 1989, 38(2): 217-230, 2 fig.

(Sekt. Biol, Friedrich-Schiller-Univ., Herbarium Haussknecht, DDR-6900

Jena).

Historique des explorations bryol. à Cuba depuis E. Poeppig (début ХІХ?

s). Notes biogr. sur les collecteurs et les bryologues, notamment К. Döring.

Présentation du projet Flora Cubana.

91-115, 91-180, 91-181, 91-182, 91-183, 91-209, 91-212.

Pollution atmosphérique

91-174 CLEMENT M. - Schwermetallaufnahme von Mnium hornum Hedw. im

Hinblick auf seine Eignung als Biomonitor. Dissert. Bot. 1990, 164: 1-146, 56

fig., tabl. 1-29 dans le texte, + tabl. 30-53 et 7 pl. (aut: An St. Johannes 17,

D-4250 Butrop-Kirchhellen; ISBN 3-443-64076-1, Gebrüd. Borntracger,

Johannesstr. ЗА, D-7000 Stuttgart 1, DM 80.-).

Suivi des concentrations de calcium, magnesium, zinc et plomb en culture

et sur le terrain, Mesures de la phytomasse et des concentrations dans le substrat.

Localisation histochimique des métaux lourds. Utilisation de cette espèce épigée

comme bioindicateur de pollution par les métaux lourds.

91-175 ELSTNER E.F., FINK R., HOLL W., LENGFELDER E., ZIEGLER Н. -

Radioactivity in mushrooms, mosses, and soil samples of defined biotops in SW

Bavaria - two years alter "Chernobyl". Oecologia 1989, 80(2): 173-177, 6 tabl.

(Inst. Bot. & Mikrobiol., Technisch. Univ, München, Arcisst. 21, D- 8000

München 2).

Contenu en 137Cs et 134 Cs des champignons, mousses, lichens et sols en

automne 1987, aprés l'accident de Chernobyl. La distribution des radioisotopes dans

les champignons montre des variations considérables, pour une méme espèce ou un

méme lieu.

Voir aussi: 91-140, 91-165.

Documentation, Histoire des Sciences

91-176 CRISTUREAN 1., IONESCU V. - O viata inchinata stiintei si invatamintului

Botanic romanesc Professor dr docent Traian I. Stefureac 18 aprilie 1908 - 4

octombrie 1986. Acta Bot. Horti Bucurest. "1987-1988", 1988: 223-250.

91-177 ENGEL J.J. - Index Hepaticarum supplementum: 1980-1981. Taxon 1989,

3863): 414-439 (Dept. Bot, Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Roosevelt Road at Lake

Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605, USA).

91-178 Dr Hiroshi INOUE Memorial Publication. Tokyo: Dr Hiroshi Inoue

Commemorating Committee. 1990, 334 p., en japonais, photos (ISBN

03-364-2311, Dept. Bot, Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 3-23-1, Hyakunin-cho,

Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169, Japan).

Cet ensemble de textes biographiques et d'écrits souvenirs (malheu-

reusement pour nous occidentaux, en japonais) retracent la personnalité et l'immense

travail bryologique d'Hiroshi Inoue (1932-1989). Une liste exhaustive de ses publica-

Source - MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 181

tions de 1950 à 1990 (41р.) est accompagnée d'un index des nouveaux taxons

publiées par H. Inoue (17p.)

91-179 LAMY D. - A.M.F.J. Palisot de Beauvois et la classification des mousses.

114° Congr. Natl. Soc. Savantes (Paris 1989), Scientifiques et Sociétés. Pari

CTHS 1990: 259-273, 4 fig. (Lab. Cryptogamie, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris).

Commentaires sur le système de classification des mousses adopté en 1805

par Palisot de Beauvois dans son Aéthéogamie, et celui de 1822 dans une édition

posthume de cet ouvrage, à la lumière de documents inédits: un sous-verre de mous-

ses composé par Palisot lui-même, des notes réunies par Thiébaut de Berneaud, son

biographe, et une lettre adressée à ce dernier par J.B. Mougeot en 1822. Il apparaît

que, Palisot, dans les derniéres années de sa vie, a modifié sa classification et que

lédition posthume réalisée par Thiébaut ne traduit pas cette évolution.

91-157, 91-163, 91-173, 91-180.

Voir aus:

Paléobryologie

Voir: 91-120, 91-136, 91-168.

Ouvrages généraux

91-180 ENGEL J.J. - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Hepaticae and

Anthocerotophyta: a taxonomic and phytogeographic study. Fieldiana Bot. n.

1990, 25: i-viii, 1-209, 88 fig., 3 tabl. (ISSN 0015-0746, Field Mus. Nat. Hist

Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago Illinois 60605-2496, USA, USS

40.-). (aut: Donald Richards Curator Bryol., Dept. Bot. Field Mus. Nat.

Hist., Chicago Illinois 60605-2496, USA).

Données géol, climat., historique des collecteurs depuis Gaudichaud en

1817-1820. Ecologie des Hepaticae et Anthocerotophyta dans Iles Falkland.

Phytogéographie et origine de la flore. Clés aux 131 taxons reconnus (l'exploration de

1968 à permis de récolter 1000 spécimens). Pour chaque taxon: taxonom., nomencl.,

exigences écol, phytogéogr., distr. Index des taxons. Nouveautés: Balantiopsis sect.

Erinacea sect. nov. (type: B. erinacea (Hook. & Tayl.) Mitt), Blepharidophyllaceae

(Schust) Schuster & Engel comb. nov. (= Scapaniaceae subfam.

Blepharidophylloideae Schust.).

91-181 KREMER B.P., MUHLE H. - Flechten, Moose, Farne. Europäische Arten

(Herausgegeben von G. Steinbach, ill. H. Grambihler, G. Hintze, B.P. Kremer,

C. Necker). München: Mosaik Verlag, 1991, 288p., photos coul. (ISBN

3-570-6652-5, Prix DM 29.80, Muhle: Abt. Spez. Bot. (Biol. V), Univ. Ulm,

Oberer Eselsberg, D-7900 Ulm).

Descr. avec “portrait” de 759 esp. de mousses, lichens et fougères

d'Europe. Ouvrage à destination de l'amateur, peut-être moins commode et moins

complet que celui de Jahns, paru en 1989.

91-182 NIMIS P.L. and CROVELLO T.J. - Quantitative approaches to

phytogeography. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990, 280p., ill.

(Task for vegetation science 24) (ISBN 0-7923-0795-X, P.O. Box 989,

NL-3300AZ Dordrecht, US$ 169.-, € 95.-).

Les applications phytogéographiques des techniques numériques récentes

permettent une combinaison de la floristique quantitative et de l'analyse de la

végétation (incl. cartographie), et autorisent aussi des déductions causales ou

évolutives, Cet ouvrage a pour but de stimuler de nouvelles recherches et aussi de

eg l'importance de l'utilisation de ces techniques récentes en phytogéographie.

ndex.

Source : MNHN. Paris

182 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

91-183 TAN B. and ROBINSON H. - A review of Philippine Hookeriaceous taxa

(Musci). Smithsonian Contribution to Botany 1990, 75: 1-41, 63 fig. (Farlow

Herbarium, Harvard Univ, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; ed:

Smithsonian Inst. Press, 1111 North Capitol Street, Washington D.C. 20002).

Délimitation des Hookeriaceae; exclusion de Cyathophorum,

Cyathophorella, Dendrocyathophorum et Chaetomitrium; les familles précédemment

isolées sur la base de la structure du péristome comme les Daltoniaceae ne sont pas

retenues. Les péristomes papilleux se présentent sous 3 types bien définis dans les

Hookeriaceae, incidence évolutive. Clés aux 11 genres et 36 esp. reconnues aux

Philippines; les 17 esp. de Chaetomitrium présentes aux Philippines sont rapidement

revues. Pour chaque taxon: synonymes, descr., remarques et spécimens examinés.

Bryobrothera et 11 esp. sont пошу. pour les Philippines. Nouv. syn., lectotypes.

Nouv. comb.: Calyptrochaeta microblasta (Broth.) (= Eriopus), C. ramosa (Fleisch.)

(= Eriopus), Distichophyllum nigricaule var. elmeri (Broth) (= Distich. elm.),

Daltonia robbinsii (Bartr.) (= Leskeodon), Leskeodon brevicuspidatus (Bartr.) (=

Distichophyllum), nouv. nom: Chaetomürium schofieldii pour Chaetomitrium

seriatum Broth. ex Bartr.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

Systématique, Nomenclature

91-184 FERRARO L.J. y VEZDA A. - Tricharia cuneata Ferraro et Vezda nov. sp.

liquen folicola del NE de Argentina. Bonplandia 1989, 6(2): 111-115, | fig. (Inst.

Bot. Nordeste, C.C. 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Trichta cuneata lichen foliicole sur Ocotea sp. dans la

prov. Formosa , NE Argentine.

91-185 HAFELLNER J. - Die europäischen Mycolimbidia -Arten - eine erste

Übersicht (lichenisierte Ascomycetes, Lecanorales). Herzogia 1989, 8: 53-59, 1

fig. (Inst, Bot., Karl-Franzens-Univ., Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz).

Synopsis et clé des esp. européennes les mieux connues de Mycolimbidia,

genre récemment accepté, et different de Bacidia. Nouv. comb.: M. accedens

(Arnold) (= Bilimbia), M. fissuriseda (Poelt) (= Lecidea).

91-186 JORGENSEN P.M. and GALLOWAY D.J. - Studies in the lichen family

Pannariaceae. III. The genus Fuscoderma, with additional notes and a revised

key to Leioderma. Lichenologist 1989, 21(4): 295-301, 3 fig. (Bot. Inst., Univ.

Bergen, Allegt. 41, N-5007 Bergen).

Leioderma subgen. Fuscoderma D. Gall. & P.M. Jorg. est considéré com-

me un genre distinct, confiné à la Tasmanie et à la Nouvelle-Zélande, 3 esp F.

amphibolum (Knight) (= Pannaria), F. applanatum (D. Gall. & P.M. Jorg) (=

Leioderma) et F. limbatum sp. nov. de Nouvelle-Zélande. Clé, descr., ill. des taxons.

Clé aux Leioderma. 2° loc. (Equateur) pour L. glabrum.

91-187 ORANGE A. - The identity of Macentina aurantiaca McCarthy & Vezda.

Lichenologist 1989, 21(4): 383 (Dept. Bot., Natl. Mus. Wales, Cardiff CFI

3NP, UK).

Macentina aurantiaca appartient au Nectria pseudopeziza non lichénisé.

91-188 TORRENTE P. & EGEA J.M. - Opegrapha leptospora and Opegrapha

mekdiensis, two new synonyms of Opegrapha vermicellifera. Lichenologist 1989,

21(4): 384-385 (Depto. Biol. veg. (Bot), Fac. Biol. Univ. Murcia, Campus de

Espinardo, E-30001 Murcia).

Source - MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 183

91-189 TORRENTE P. & EGEA J.M. - The identity of Opegrapha diaphoroides Nyl.

Lichenologist 1989, 21(4): 386-387 (Ibidem).

Opegrapha diaphoroides Nyl. est syn. de Lecanactis grumulosa (Dufour)

Fr., O. diaphoroides auct. non Nyl. est syn. de Opegrapha ochrocincta Werner.

Voir aussi: 91-192, 91-195, 91-215 à 91-219.

Morphologie, Anatomie

91-190 FASHELT D., MAYCOCK P. and WONG P.Y. - Reproductive modes of

lichens in stressful environments in central Ellesmere Island, Canadian High

Arctic. Lichenologist 1989, 21(4): 343-353, 3 tabl., 1 fig. (Dept. Pl. Sci., Univ.

Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada).

En général, fort pourcentage d'apothécies chez les lichens d'habitats les

plus stressés de Sverdrup Pass (Ellesmere Is.).

91-191 OLIVER E., CRITTENDEN P.D., BECKETT A. and BROWN D.H. -

Growth of lichen-forming fungi on membrane filters. Lichenologist 1989, 21(4):

387-392, 2 fig. (Dept. Bot., The University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK).

91-192 RUOSS E. - Verzweigung als Unterscheidungsmerkmal bei Rentierflechten

(Cladonia subg. Cladina). Herzogia 1989, 8: 125-136, 2 fig., 2 tabl. (Natur-Mus.

Luzern, Kasernenplatz 6, CH-6003 Luzern).

Etude des modes de ramification et du nombre de rameaux des esp.

européennes du Cladonia subsp. Cladina, en fonction de leur importance

taxonomique. C. macaronesica est considéré comme syn. de C. mediterranea. Exten-

sion d'aire pour C. portentosa (Sardaigne), C. ciliata (Iles Canaries), C. azorica (Ir-

lande) et C. mediterranea (Grèce).

Voir aussi: 91-184, 91-186, 91-215 à 91-219.

Physiologie, Chi

91-193 CZECZUGA B. and RICHARDSON D.H.S. - Carotenoids in some lichen

species from Ireland. Lichenologist 1989, 21(4): 363-367, 3 tabl., 1 fig. (Dept.

Gal. Biol., Med. Acad., ul. Kilinskiego 1, PL-15-230 Bialystok).

Chromatographie en colonne et Sur couche mince pour l'étude des

caroténoïdes de 7 lichens d'Irlande.

91-194 GUTTENBERGER H., HAINZL M., GRILL D. and TÜRK R. -

Untersuchung von Thiolen in Flechten. Beitr. Biol. P/I. 1989, 64(2): 283-292, 2

tabl., 2 fig. (Inst. Pflanzenphysiol., Karl-Franzens-Uniy. Graz, Schuberstrasse

51, A-8010 Graz).

Tests des méthodes pour déterminer les thiols sous leurs différentes formes

et méthodes d'identification de l'activité glutathione-reductase et glucose-6-P-

déhydrogenase en vue de leur utilisation pour les lichens.

91-195 FEIGE G.B., GEYER M. und FOLLMANN G. - Erster Nachweis

flechtenspezifischer Sekundärstoffe in der aquatischen “Gallert-flechte”

Hydrothyria venosa Russ. Herzogia 1989, 8: 69-75, 4 fig. (Bot. Inst., Univ.

Essen-Gesamthochschule, Universitätsstrasse 5, D-4300 Essen 1).

Détermination de 2 races chimiques dans Hydrothyria venosa: l'une avec

le méthylgyrophosphate et des traces de méthyllecanorate, l'autre avec aucune

susbtance lichénique synthétisée.

91-196 FEIGE G.B. VIETHEN B. und GEYER M. - Untersuchungen zur

Phytochemie der Flechtenfamilie Roccellaceae Chev. Herzogia 1989, 8: 77-83, 4

tabl. (Ibidem).

Source : MNHN. Paris

184 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

HPLC pour l'étude des substances lichen. dans les thalles de Roccella. En

général, les anciennes parties ont un contenu plus faible en substances lichéniques

que les plus jeunes. La quantité et la qualité des produits secondaires dans les

soralies et les apothécies sont différentes de ceux du reste du thalle.

91-197 HERRERO-YUDEGO P., MARTIN-PEDROSA M., NORATO J. and

VICENTE C. - Some features about usnic acid accumulation and its movement

between symbionts of the lichen, Evernia prunastri. J. Pl. Physiol. 1989, 13

170-174, 7 fig. (Lab. Pl. Physiol, Lichen Team, Fac. Biol, Complutense

Univ., E-28040 Madrid).

Accumulation d'acide usnique et activité photosynthétique de l'algue.

91-198 HUNECK S., SCHMIDT J. und MAYRHOFER M. - Zur Chemie der

Flechte Phacorrhiza nimbosa. Herzogia 1989, 8: 137-139 (Inst. Bioch. Pf.,

Akad. Wiss. DDR, Weinberg, DDR-4050 Halle/Saale).

L'acide variolarique, la friedeline, la zéorine, le campestérol; l'ergostérol, le

sitostérol, le stigmastérol et un glycéride sont identifiés chez Phaeorrhiza nimbosa.

91-199 KIEFT T.L. & AHMADJIAN V. - Biological ice nucleation activity in lichen

mycobionts and photobionts. Lichenologist 1989, 21(4): 335-362, 4 fig., 1 tabl.

(Dept. Biol., New Mexico Inst. Mining & Technol., Campus station, P.O. Box

P, Scorro NM 87801, USA).

91-200 LEUCKERT Ch. und KÜMMERLING H. - Chemische Flechtenanalysen V.

Pannarsäure-6-methylester in einer Art der Gattung Lepraria und in Leprocaulon

tenellum. Herzogia 1989, 8: 141-147, 5 fig. (Inst. Syst. Bot. & Pflanzengcogr.,

FU Berlin, Alteinstr. 6, 0-1000 Berlin 33).

L'ac. pannarique 6-methylester est le principal composé de Lepraria sp. ct

du groupe Lepraria membranacea, avec des traces d'ac. pannarique, de composés

phénoliques inconnus et d'atranorine. Le méthylester est aussi présent chez

Leprocaulon tenellum, accompagné d'ac. lécanorique et d’atranorine.

91-201 RANDLANE T. and SAAG A. - Chemical variation and geographical distribu-

tion of Asahinea chrysantha (Tuck.) Culb. et Culb. Lichenologist 1989, 21(4):

303-311, 3 fig., 2 tabl. (Lab. Bioindic., Tarta Univ., 202400 Lai Street 38,

Tartu, Estonian SSR, USSR).

Le TLC permet de déterminer chez Asahinea chrysantha 3 chémotypes

avec des distr. géogr. diff. Centre de spéciation: primorje soviétique ou Japon.

Voir aussi: 91-215, 91-217, 91-219.

Répartition, Écologie, Sociologie

91-202 FERRY B.W. - Cladonia chlorophaca complex at Dungeness. Bor. J. Linn.

Soc. 1989, 101(1): 174 (Biol. Dept., Royal Holloway & Bedford New College,

Eghum, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK).

91-203 GALLOWAY D.J. - Phytogeography of Southern Hemisphere Lichens. /n:

P.L. NIMIS & T.J. CROVELLO, Quantitative approaches to phytogeography.

Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1990: 233-262, 15 fig. (Dept. Bot., Brit. Mus.

(Nat. Hist.), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK).

91-204 HALLINGBACK T. - Occurence and ecology of the lichen Lobaria

scrobiculata in Southern Sweden. Lichenologist 1989, 21(4): 331-341, 2 tabl., 2

fig. (Swed. Univ. Agric. Sci, Dept. Ecol. & Environ. Res., P.O. Box 7072,

S-75007 Uppsala).

Présence et vitalité de Lobaria scrobiculata dans 67 loc. de la Suëde S.

300 loc. ont été répertoriées avant 1950. Ecol., influence humaine, рош. atmosph.

dans la survie de ce lichen.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 185

91-205 HUNECK S., DZA R.J., AHTI T. und POELT J. - Zur Kenntnis der

Flechtenflora yon Korea. Herzogia 1989, 8: 177-185, 1 carte (Inst. Biochem.

Pfl., Akad. Wiss. DDR, DDR-4050 Halle/Saale, Weinberg).

Hist. de la lichénologie dans la Rép. Démocratique populaire de Corée.

Liste de 54 taxons avec loc.; 36 seraient nouv. pour la dition.

91-206 JOHN E. and DALE M.R.T. - Niche relationships amongst Rhizocarpon

species at Jonas Rockslide, Alberta, Canada. Lichenologist 1989, 21(4): 313-330,

6 tabl., 6 fig. (Dept. Bot, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9 Ca-

nada).

Position des 12 Rhizocarpon parmi les 94 autres lichens saxicoles de Jonas

Rockslide, en fonction des facteurs environnement. ct des relations biologiques. Inter-

actions, compétition. Stratégie différente selon qu'ils sont du sous-genre Phaeathallus

ou du sous-genre Rhizocarpon.

91-207 MAYRHOFER H., TURK R. und WITTMANN H. - Ein Beitrag zur

Flechtenflora von Vorarlberg (Österreich). Ergebnisse der Feldtagung der

Bryologisch-Lichenologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mitteleuropa im Juli

1986. Herzogia 1989, 8: 207-247, 1 fig. (Inst. Bot., Karl-Franzens-Univ. Graz,

Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz).

Liste de 629 lichens et 21 champignons lichénicoles avec loc. dont 291

lichens et 14 champignons lichénic. sont nouv. pour le Vorarlberg.

91-208 MOBERG R. - Studies on Physcia Ш. Three Physcia species new to Europe

and the Azores. Herzogia 1989, 8: 249-253 (The Herbarium, Uppsala Univ.,

P.O. Box 541, S-75121 Uppsala).

Physcia atrostriata (Portugal, Açores), P. erumpens (Italie, Portugal,

Açores), et P. undulata (Portugal) sont nouv. pour l'Europe.

91-209 MORNEAU C. and PAYETTE S. - Postfire lichen spruce woodland recovery

at the limit of the boreal forest in Northern Quebec. Canad. J. Bot. 1989, 67(9):

2770-2782, 3 tabl., 8 fig. (Centre Et. Nord. Univ. Laval, Sainte-Foy

(Quebec), Canada GIK 7P4).

La chronoséquence végétale aprés un feu menant à la pessiére à lichens est

suivie sur 9 sites. Il n'y a pas de remplacement des esp. vasculaires, mais une

séquence bien caractérisée des strates lichéniques et muscinales selon 5 stades de suc-

cession.

91-210 OSORIO H.S. and FLEIG M. - Contribution to the lichen flora of Brazil 3

Additional records from San Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul State.

Communic. Bot. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 1988, 5(85): 1-7 (Dept.

Bot., Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., Casilla de Correo 399, Montevideo, Uruguay).

Liste de 51 lichens avec loc. Xanthoparmelia tasmanica nouv. pour le

Brésil.

91-211 OSORIO H.S. and FLEIG M. - Contribution to the lichen flora of Brazil

XXI. Lichens from Morro Santano, Rio Grande do Sul State. Communic. Bot.

Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 1988, 5(86): 1-3 (Ibidem).

Liste de 10 lichens avec loc. Xanthoparmelia villamiliana est nouv. pour le

Brésil, Cladonia pityrophylla et Xanthoparmelia hypopsila, nouv. pour l'Etat du Rio

Grande do Sul.

91-212 OTT S. - Standorte epiphytischer Flechten in einem Diinengebiet. Herzogia

1989, 8: 149-175, 8 fig. (Bot. Inst. L, Univ. Düsseldorf, Universitatsstr. 1,

D-4000 Düsseldorf).

Examen du microclimat de différents habitats d’épiphytes. Xanthoria

parietina, X. polycarpa, Parmelia sulcata, Physcia tenella et Hypogymnia physodes

sont utilisés pour les mesures. A cause du feuillage des arbres, la lumière est un fac-

teur limitant dans la colonisation des sites. Interaction des esp., spécificité des lichens

à l'environnement.

Source : MNHN, Paris

186 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

91-213 SAMOYLOR Yul, TARKHOVA T.N. - Interaction dynamics of

‘Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Ericaceae) and moss-lichen strata in the pine forest.

Bot, Zurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 1989, 74(9): 1279-1290, 4 tabl., 6 fig., en

russe, rés. angl.

4 zones d'impact: colonisation, rétention, accumulation des feuilles

tombées, destruction. Stratégie des lichens fruticuleux.

91-214 WITTMANN H. und TURK R. - Zur Kenntnis der Flechten und

flechtenbewohnenden Pilze yon Oberösterreich und Salzburg II. Herzogia 1989,

8: 187-205, 5 fig.

36 lichens et champign. lichenicoles avec loc.: 18 sont nouv. pour la

Haute-Autriche, 3 pour la prov. de Salzbourg; Caloplaca scotoplaca, Collema

furfuraceum, Polyblastia gelatinosa et Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa nouv. pour

l'Autriche; Dactylospora lobariella et Polyblastia vouauxii nouv. pour les Alpes.

Voir au: 91-135, 91-148, 91-152, 91-168, 91-182, 91-184, 91-186, 91-190, 91-201,

91-215 à 91-219.

Pollution

Voir: 91-175, 91-204.

Ouvrages généraux

91-215 HALE MLE. - A synopsis of the lichen genus Xanthoparmelia (Vainio) Hale

(Ascomycotina, Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 1990, 74:

1-250, 75 fig, (Dept. Bot. Smithsonian Inst. Press, 1111 North Capitol Street,

Washington DC 20002, USA).

Révision des Xanthoparmelia du monde entier: caractères généraux du

genre, 406 esp. répertoriées, clés; taxonom., descr., ill, chimie, distr. de chaque taxon.

Diagn. de X. grepronensis sp. nov. d'Afrique S, et de X. kasachstania sp. nov.

d'URSS. Les Parmelia mutabilis Tayl., P. perplexa Stizenb., P. sigillata Brusse ct P.

verecunda Brusse sont transférés sous Xanthoparmelia. X. neopropaguloides Hale

nom. nov. pour Parmelia stenophylloides var. propagulifera Vainio 1890.

91-216 HARRIS R.C. - Some Florida Lichens. Bronx, the author, 1990, 109p. (New

York Bot. Gard., Bronx NY 10458-5126, USA).

Cette étude floristique essaye de traiter les lichens de Floride de manière

cohérente, notamment les esp. crustacées, dont la connaissance a beaucoup changé

depuis Tuckerman. Traitement par ordre alphabétique de familles et de genres. Clés

aux genres, avec nombreuses notes. Nouv. taxons: Cladonia buckii, Graphina

xylophaga, Graphis chromothecia, G. haleana, G. illiterata, G. inversa, G. lucifica,

Phaeographis multicolor, Ditremis finkii, D. macrospora, D. quaternaria, Monoblastia

buckit, Bactrospora brevispora, B. macrospora, B. mesospora, B. nematospora,

Enterographa lecanoroides, Opegrapha cypressi, Pertusaria epixantha, P. expolita, P.

iners, P. obruta, P. virensica, Pyrenula wetmorei, P. wheeleri, Buellia imshaugiana, B.

ғарії, Heterodermia crocea, Physcia neogaea, P. pumilor, Myriotrema erodens, M.

peninsulae, Nadvornikia sorediata, Ocellularia retispora, Thelotrema defectum, Th.

eximium, Th. floridense, Th. monospermum. Nombreuses nouv. comb. Noter nouv.

taxons pour l'Amérique du Nord ou pour la Floride. Index spécifique (5p.).

91-217 KNOPH J.G. - Untersuchungen an gesteinsbewohnenden xanthonhaltigen

Sippen der Flechtengattung Lecidella (Lecanoraceae, Lecanorales) unter

besonderer Berücksichtigung von aussereuropäischen Proben exklusive Amerika.

Bibliotheca lichenologica 1990, 36: 1-183, 8 fig. (ISBN 3 443 58015 7, prix: 80

DM, ed. J. Cramer in d. Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsb., Johannesstr. За, D-7000

Source - MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 187

Stuttgart 1; auteur: Freie Univ. Berlin, FB 23, WE 2, Altensteinstrasse 6,

D-1000 Berlin 33).

Révision des taxons non américains et non européens de Lecidella

saxicoles, contenant de la xanthone, avec matériel type européen. 15 esp. et 1 var.

sont reconnues. Définition des critères de détermination. Les composés lichéniques

jouent un rôle important dans la distinction des taxons. La plupart des esp. ont des

chemosyndromes complexes. Tax., deser., chimie, écol., distr. de chaque taxon.

Comb. nouy. : Lecidea asema, L. chodati, L. effugiens, L. parasema Var.

elaeochromoides, L. patavina sont transférés sous Lecidella. Choix de lectotypes et de

néotype. Nouv. synonymes. Certaines substances lichéniques ont été trouvées pour la

premiere fois dans ces lichens. Caloploicine, granulosine, isoarthotheline,

norlichéxanthone, 2,5,7-trichloro-3-O-methylnorlichénoxanthone et vicanicine sont

nouy. pour le genre. Poids moléc., formules, chromatogr. des substances chimiques.

Bibliogr. (11 p.), index (5 p.).

91-218 MATZER M. und HAFELLNER J. - Eine Revision der lichenicolen Arten der

Sammelgattung Rosellinia (Ascomycetes). Bibliotheca lichenologica 1990, 37:

1-138, 21 fig., 8 pl. (ISBN 3 443 58016 5, prix 80 DM, ed. J. Cramer in der

Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsb., Johannesstr. 3A, D-7000 Stuttgart 1, aut.: Inst.

Bot., Karl-Franzens-Univ., Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz).

Révision des esp. lichénicoles appartenant traditionnellement aux genres

Rosellinia et Adelococeus. Aucune n'est congénérique avec l'esp. type Rosellinia

aquila. Elles appartiennent aux genres Adelococcus (2 esp.), Roselliniella (9 csp.),

Reconditella gen. nov. (esp. type: R. phyconiarum sp. nov.), Roselliniomyces gen.

nov. (esp. type: À. trichotheliorum sp. nov.) et Roselliniopsis gen. nov. (esp. type: R.

tropica Sp. nov. et | esp.). Le genre Adelococcus est une Verrucariale, les autres gen-

res sont des Sordariales, Descr., ill., tax., distr. de chaque taxon. Diagn. des esp.

nouv. : Reconditella physconiarum, Roselliniella atlantica, R. epiphylla, R.

eriodermicola, R. heterodeae, К. oxyspora, К. pannariae, Rosellinomyces

trichotheliorum et Roselliniopsis tropica, Comb. nouv. Discussion concernant les esp.

exclues de l'étude dont Adelococcus lecanorae, Rosellinia steneriana, Synaptospora

tartaricola, Stigmidium pumilum. Bibliogr. (9p.), index 1/2p.)

91-219 THOR G. - The lichen genus Chiodecton and five allied

botanica 1990, 103: 1-92, 64 fig., 4 tabl. (ISBN 87-88702-

Editor, Bot. Mus., Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen К;

Bot., Stockholm Univ., S-10691 Stockholm).

L'étude morphologique, l'habitat, la phytogéographie, la phylogenie

(cladogrammes) permettent une nouvelle délimitation et la révision nomencl. du pen-

Te Chiodecton Ach. (16 esp. dont les esp. nouv.: C. flavovirens, С. queenslandiae, C.

montanum, C. thomense, C. malmei) et des 5 genres affines: Ancistrospora gen. nov,

(esp. type: A. australiensis sp. nov.), Dichosporidium Pat. (6 esp. dont les sp. nov.:

D. microsporum, D. sorediatum, D. constrictum), Eryhtrodecton gen. nov. (esp. typ

E. granulatum (Mont.) (= Sagedia), et 1 esp.), Graphidastra (Redgr.) stat. nov. (=

Dirina sect. Gr.) (esp. type: Dirina gemmata (Leight) Reding, et 2 esp), et

Streimannia gen. nov. (esp. type: S. varieseptata sp. nov.). Pour chaque taxon:

descr., distr. notes. Typifications. Sur les 28 esp.: 7 sont présentes en Asie-Australie-

Nouvelle-Zélande, 7 en Amérique et 4 en Afrique.

Voir aussi: 91-181.

Documentation, Histoire des Sciences

91-2220 GODINEZ J.L. y ORTEGA M.M. - Liquenologia de Mexico, historia y

bibliografia. Cuadernos Inst. Biol. (Univ. Nac. Auton. Mexico) 189, 3: 1-46

(UNAM, Inst. Biol., Depto. Bot., A.P. 70-233, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico).

Essai historico-bibliographique pour comprendre 1- l'origine de la connais-

sance des lichens en général et en particulier au Mexique; 2- la connaissance des

Source : MNHN, Paris

188 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

lichens dans le Mexique ancien; 3- l'introduction de l'étude des lichens dans le pays;

4- l'exploration et les différentes orientations des études lichéniques au Mexique; 5-

collections lichéniques existantes.

INFORMATIONS

International Symbiosis Congress - Jerusalem, November 17-22, 1991. - Le program-

me du congrès est arrangé de façon à permettre des discussions comparatives

sur les différents systèmes de symbioses; il est donc centré sur des thèmes (p.

ex.: mécanismes de transports, conséquences évolutives, génétique moléculaire

des interactions symbiotiques...) plutôt que sur les types de symbiose. Кепе!

gnements: M. Galun, Dept. Bot., The Dr. George S. Wise Faculty of Life

Sciences, Tel Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel).

Nordic Bryological Society .- La “Nordic bryological Society" célébrera son 25° anni-

versaire, à Dorve (Norvège) du 5 au 12 juillet 1991: excursions et communica-

tions. Renseignements: G.S. Mogensen, Bot. Mus., Gothersgade 130, DK-1123

Copenhagen K.

Association française de lichénologie. - L'AFL vient de publier son Bulletin d'Infor-

mation 15(2) (Déc. 1990) dans lequel nous trouvons: “Aperçu sur la végétation

lichénique du Boulonnais (France, Pas-de-Calais)” (Ch. Van Haluwyn); des i

formations lichénologiques générales et propres à l'association; des éléments de

bibliographie. De façon à mieux connaitre l'activité régionale des lichénologues

(cartographie, connaissance biologique des lichens, enseignement...), l'AFL lan-

ce une enquête auprès de ses membres. Renseignements: R. Lallemant,

Université de Nantes, Lab. Biol. & Cytophysiol. vég., 2 rue de la Houssiniére,

F-44072 Nantes Cedex.

Ouvrages récemment reçus. - voir la “Bibliographie”, n° 91-162, 91-180, 91-181,

91-182, 91-183, 91-215, 91-216, 91-217, 91-218, 91-219, 91-220.

Commission paritaire n° 15-9-1981 - No 58611 - Dépôt légal no 15537 - Imprimerie de Montligeon

,.. Sorti des presses le 25 avril - Imprimé en France

Editeur : A.D.A.C. (Association des Amis des Cryptogames)

President : R. Baudoin; Secrétaire : D. Lamy

‘Trésorier : J. Dupont; Directeur de la publication : H. Causse

Source : MNHN. Paris

INSTRUCTIONS AUX AUTEURS

Les manuscrits proposés à CRYPTOGAMIE, Bryologie-Lichénologie, doivent

être fournis en double exemplaire, dactylographiés à double interligne, sans rature ni

surcharge, et comporter des marges droites et gauches de 25mm, et hautes et basses

de 50mm. Chaque manuscrit devra comporter:

- le titre de l’article, dans la langue du manuscrit, et sa traduction en anglais;

- le titre courant (haut-de-page) de 50 signes au maximum;

- le nom et les prénoms des auteurs et leurs adresses;

- deux résumés, l'un dans la langue du manuscrit, l’autre en français ou en anglais,

d'environ 180 mots ou 15 lignes, faisant ressortir les résultats essentiels exposés dans

Yarti

- des légendes explicites des figures, planches et tableaux, sur feuilles séparées:

- une liste bibliographique par ordre alphabétique des auteurs et chronologique par

auteurs sans tenir compte des auteurs secondaires. Les titres des périodiques devront

être abrégés suivant le B-P-H (Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum, Pittsburg: Hunt

Botanical Library, 1968), les ouvrages cités selon F.A. Stafleu & R.S. Cowan, 1976-

Taxonomic literature. Ed. 2 Utrecht/Antwerpen: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema

(Regnum vegetabile 94, 98, 105, 110...). Les références suivront les modèles suivants:

MONTAGNE C., 1838 - Centurie des plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles.

Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 9: 38-57.

NEES VON ESENBECK C.G., 1836 - Hepaticae. Jn: Lindley J., A natural

system of Botany... Ed. 2. London. Pp. 412-414.

WATSON E.V., 1971 - The structure and life history of bryophytes. Ed. 3.

London: Hutschinson University Library. 211 p., 26 fig.

TEXTE. - La présentation du texte devra faire apparaître clairement ses subdivi-

sions et leur hiérarchie ainsi que le début des paragraphes (- insérer une ligne blan-

che avant les titres et sous-titres; - faire un alinéa de plus de 3 caractéres au début de

chaque paragraphe; - supprimer toute ligne blanche entre deux paragraphe et après

les titres et sous-titres). Les noms des auteurs qui suivent les binômes latins devront

être abrégés selon G. Sayre et al., 1964 (The Bryologist 67 (2): 113-135). Les renvois

à la liste bibliographique se feront par le nom de l'auteur et l’année de publication

(ex.: (Dubois 1980) ou Dubois (1980) et non par les renvois numériques. Les notes

infrapaginales seront numérotées et placées à la fin du texte.

ILLUSTRATIONS, - Toutes les illustrations, y compris les tableaux, doivent être

des originaux de qualité suffisante pour la reproduction directe en offset. Elles de-

vront comporter les échelles et symboles nécessaires à leur compréhension, et être

numérotées dans l'ordre d'appel dans le texte. Les auteurs devront tenir compte du

format de la revue (11 x 18cm) et de la réduction que subissent éventuellement les

originaux en choisissant l'épaisseur des traits et la taille des lettres et des chiffres.

CRYPTOGAMIE, Bryologie-Lichénologie, souhaite vivement que les auteurs en-

voient leurs textes en mode ASCII sur disquettes 31/2 ou 5" 1/4 de micro-

ordinateur (IBM, IBM compatible et Macintosh). Ils doivent être impérativement

conformes aux instructions suivantes:

- ne pas utiliser de codes spéciaux de mise en page ou de format (gras, italiques, cen-

trage, etc.);

- ne pas couper les mots; - ne pas justifier à droite;

- les mots (ou les groupes de mots) qui doivent apparaitre en italiques lors de l'im-

pression devront être encadrés par un des caractères suivants: #, E, $.

- ne pas insérer de code de fin de page;

Les disquettes accompagnées d'une copie sur papier comportant. le texte final corrigé

selon les avis du Comité de Lecture, seront adressées à la Rédaction.

Tirages à part:

limités à 150, dont 25 gratuits. f,-

12791 ру

USE LM

\ PARIS

X # Source : MNHN. Paris

SOMMAIRE

C. ROUX et O. BRICAUD - Une association lichénique corticole

nouvelle, fréquente dans la chénaie verte des îles d’Hyeres (Var, SE

de la France), le Zamenhofietum coralloideae Roux et Bricaud ass,

nov. … WE А

J.W. BATES - Bryoflora of Belle-Ile, Brittany and comparison with

the Channel Islands

A. APTROOT - Lichens of ыште New records and species of

Parmeliaceae .

A. KAPUR and R.N. CHOPRA - The effect of some complex

organic substances on callus growth in the liverwort Mannia

androgyna …

J.P. FRAHM - Oxystegus hibernieus (Mitt.) Hilp. neu für Frankreich .

J. PUJOS - Trois bryophytes nouvelles pour la partie aveyronnaise du

plateau d’Aubrac: Sphagnum centrale C. Jens., Sphagnum warnstorfü

Russ. et Sphagnum contortum Schultz …

Bibliographie bryologique .

Bibliographie lichénologique ....

Informations ....

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