PRELIMINARY FASCICLES OF BRYOLOGIA EUROPAEA

G.SAYRE*

SUMMARY. — BRUCH and SCHIMPER published four versions of the generic monographs

in Phascaceae and Buxbaumiaceae before those which appear in Bryologia europaea. Two of

these, Die Laubmoose Europa's and Bryologie d'Europe, were known in modern times only

from reviews. Copies have been located and provisional dates of publication of all four

versions ascertained, Earlier citations will be required for certain names in Diphyscium and

Phascum.

It is well established that the monographs of genera of Phascaceae in the

bound volumes of Bryologia europaea replaced earlier versions published in the

original Fascicle 1 in 1837 (BARNHART 1944, MARGADANT and VAN DER

WIJK 1958). The so-called «cancelled» fascicle is cited in Index muscorum as

«Bryol. eur. (fasc. 1. Mon.)». It is also recognized that an even earlier version

of these and other genera was published in three journal articles in 1835; these

are cited as of «Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg». There were, however, two

intermediate versions between these, which, since they have been known to

modern bryologists only from reviews, have not been taken into account in

establishing priority of publication of the new taxa. They are not listed in

bibliographies of SCHIMPER (e.g., GRAD 1880, DIETRICH & SCHAEFFER

1980). Copies of these have now come to light and their publishing history and

the effect they may have on current nomenclatural practice may be at least

provisionally elucidated.

The sequence of these four preliminary versions is clear, as I shall point out,

though the exact dates are still presumptive. All have an essentially similar

format : name and authority, short Latin diagnosis, synonymy, followed by a

description in a modern language and a plate. The authors are BRUCH and

W.P. SCHIMPER. First, they published an «avant-coureur» in a local journal,

with French descriptions, treating the families Buxbaumiaceae and Phascaceae

as a sample to attract subscribers to their projected monograph of the European

moss flora. Soon afterward appeared an expanded version in German, which

was originally intended to be the first fascicle of the whole work. A little later

a French revision was published. Finally, in 1837, Fascicle 1 was brought out

+ Farlow Herbarium, 20 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Mass. 02138. U.S.A.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1982, 3, 1 : 1-8.

Source : MNHN. Paris

2 С.ЗАУВЕ

under the definitive title Bryologia europaea, in the familiar form of parallel

commentaries in the two modern languages. This fascicle was superseded in

1849 and 1850 by new treatments of some of the genera in Fascicles 42 and 43.

It might well be asked, why so many versions of the same genera? The

answer involves the activities of Schimper, his publishers, and his reviewers

during the period in question. The recent celebration of the centenary of his

death by the University at Strasbourg, and the publication which accompanied

it (see SCHAEFFER 1980) have added to our knowledge of these events.

Wilhelm Philipp Schimper, born in 1808, had an early interest in natural

history, perhaps encouraged by his cousins Karl Friedrich Schimper, the plant

morphologist, and Wilhelm-Georg (or Georg-Wilhelm) Schimper, who collected

plants in Ethiopia from the 1830s to the 18605. But at the urging of his father,

a Lutheran pastor, he took his first degree in theology at the University of

Strasbourg in 1832. He then spent a year as tutor in a wealthy Alsatian family.

The most notable bryological event of that year seems to have been a chance

discovery of Buxbaumia aphylla which led to a meeting with the older bryolo-

gist Philipp Bruch of Zweibrücken. Bruch is said to have suggested collaboration

on a European moss flora. The cvent which determined Schimper's professional

career was a meeting with the head of the geological section of the Musée

d'Histoire Naturelle of the city of Strasbourg, who offered him a part-time

position as «aide-naturaliste» at this museum, where, aside from collecting

expeditions, Schimper was to spend the rest of his life, for almost twenty

years its Director and Professor of Botany and Geology at the University.

From 1835 until 1855, in addition to these responsabilities, Schimper was

occupied with the Bryologia europaea. Although Bruch's and Gümbel's names

are with Schimper's as authors on the title pages supplied for all six completed

volumes, Schimper's is repeated in bolder type as editor. Actually, it was Schim-

per's work, and is so listed in several bibliographies. He collected most of the

specimens on which the descriptions were based (he later sold many to support

the cost of publication), wrote virtually all the text, drew most of the plates,

and made all arrangements with the publisher. Bruch had no doubt collaborated

on the carly fascicles, but he died after a long period of ill health in 1847.

Theodor Gümbel, whose name is on the covers of Fascicles 21 to 65 only, seems

to have contributed little but certain specimens and drawings. FLORSCHÜTZ

and MARGADANT (1971) have re-assigned the authorship of the new taxa

either to Bruch and Schimper or to Schimper alone.

Schimper's contributions to paleobotany paralleled those to bryology and

his Traité de paléontologie végétale, published between 1869 and 1874, is as

celebrated as the Bryologia. But the bryological project with Bruch came first.

They determined to publish a prospectus in the form in which the whole work

would be presented. Schimper described it to his friend Jean Baptiste Mougeot

in a letter of 20 March 1835.

«Се mémoire précédera la première livraison de nos monographies, afin que

nous puissions voir quel accueil cette entreprise trouvera dans le monde savant.

Source : MNHN, Paris

PRELIMINARY FASCICLES OF BRYOLOGIA EUROPAEA 3

Nous ne pouvions pas donner dans une affaire qui entraine de grands frais sans

en calculer d'abord le succès, notre intérét n'y sera pour rien. Je ferai imprimer

le mémoire avant-coureur en un assez grand nombre d'exemplaires pour pouvoir

en envoyer comme prospectus à tous les botanistes cryptogamistes; votre entre-

mise chez un grand nombre me sera alors encore d'une grande importance.»

(SCHAEFFER 1980, p. 16; the Mougeot letters are at the Bibliothèque du

Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, a summary description is given by LAIS-

SUS (1965).

The mémoire was published in a Strasbourg journal of limited distribution,

but separates were provided to be sent to possible subscribers and to be offered

for sale.

FRAGMENS DE LA BRYOLOGIE D'EUROPE. PAR BRUCH ET W.F.

SCHIMPER. BUXBAUMIACÉES. AA. Pages (117; Tab. I, II. PHASCACÉES.

BB. Pages (115, Tab. 1, П. CC. COMPARAISON ENTRE LES PHASCUM AL-

TERNIFOLIUM, PHASCUM PALUSTRE ET PHASCUM SUBULATUM. Pages

[1]4; Tab. A. MÉMOIRES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DU MUSEUM D'HISTOIRE NA-

TURELLE DE STRASBOURG. TOME SECOND. PARIS, F.G. LEVRAULT,

ET STRASBOURG. 1835.

Date of publication : 5 October 1835.

Copies : BM(NH), Bibl. Nat., FH.

I have not seen a copy of the separate in covers; it is probable that its title

was that given at the head of MONTAGNE's (1835) review : «Bryologie d'Eu-

rope, ou Mousses d'Europe disposées par familles naturelles, et publiées par

monographies des gentes».

The journal was published sporadically from 1830 to 1870, the first volume

under the title Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Strasbourg, Volu-

mes 2 to 4 as in the citation above, the final Volumes 5 and 6 as Mémoires de

la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Strasbourg. (In 1873 the Society removed

to Nancy, and although no Mémoires were published there, the journal is usually

catalogued under that city.) In Volume 2, as in most of the others, each article

is separately paged, a convenience for offprints, with letters at the foot of the

first page to indicate its sequence in a volume. On 5 October it was listed among

literature received by the Académie des Sciences at Paris (Compt. Rend. Hebd.

Séances Acad. Sci. 1 : 187). Dates from this source have been accepted by the

authors of TL-2 as the dates of publication of fascicles of Bryología europaea.

Genera included in Fragmens are Buxbaumia, Diphyscium, Archidium,

Bruchia, and Voitia, besides the three species of Phascum. Only two new taxa

are introduced, Diphyscium foliosum В acutifolium and Phascum palustre.

Both are cited in Index muscorum to this volume, though the abbreviation

should be Mém. Soc. Mus. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg.

MONTAGNE (1835 : 377) gave it a favorable review, but regretted that

subsequent fascicles would be in German only; he had hoped for a continuation

Source : MNHN, Paris

4 G.SAYRE

of the French edition, or a single edition in Latin :

«Jusqu'ici, il n'a paru en français que ces deux tribus. Les suivantes, nous le

craignons du moins pour nos lecteurs, ne paraîtront peut-être qu'avec le texte

allemand, faute d'un éditeur pour l'édition frangaise que les auteurs avaient

préparée et qu'ils avaient projeté de faire paraître en méme temps, les planches

devant servir aux deux publications allemande et française. Cela nous fait vive-

ment regretter qu'ils n'aient pas rédigé en latin un ouvrage aussi important, et

qui eût été, par ce moyen, à l'usage d'un plus grand nombre d'amateurs ou de

savans à qui la langue allemande est peu familière.»

We shall see that Schimper was also concerned about his French market.

By this time he had already prepared, and perhaps published, a revised version

of the two families in German :

DIE LAUBMOOSE EUROPA'S IN MONOGRAPHIEN, BEARBEITET VON

BRUCH UND W.P. SCHIMPER. ERSTE LIEFERUNG. BUXBAUMIACEAE.

Pages (116, Tab. I, Ш. ERSTE LIEFERUNG. PHASCACEAE. ARCHIDIUM.

Pages [1], 2; Tab. 1. BRUCHIA. Pages [1], 2; Tab. П. VOITIA. Pages [1], 2,

Tab. П. PHASCUM. Pages [1]-23; Tab. I-VII. [STRASSBURG : GEDRUKT

BEI F.G. LEVRAULT.]

Date of publication : 1835.

Copies : Bibl. Nat., FH (photocopy).

This is the rarest of all the versions; 1 know only one original copy, in the

Bibliothéque Nationale in Paris, and only one review, by CARL MÜLLER in

Flora on 21 November 1836 (Lit.-Ber. 1836 : 113-119). The title pages of the

two parts of the fascicle are undated. MULLER’s review gives the date as 1834

but this must be an error, since the preface («Bemerkungen») on the back of

the front covers is dated July 1835. 1 have found no unambiguous mention of

this edition in announcements of books published during the years in question.

It was composed later than Fragmens, аз is shown both by SCHIMPER's state-

ment that Fragmens is an «avant-coureur» and by its expanded treatment of

Phascum. And it is earlier than Bryologie d'Europe, if we may trust SCHIM-

PER's own statement on page 20 of the latter, in regard to the name Phascum

macrophyllum in the synonymy of P. polycarpon : «Nous aurions conservé

cette dénomination, qui est trés-bien choisie, mais l'édition allemande de cette

monographie était déjà publiée lorsque nous avons vu cette plante dans les

collections de M. Funk.» MONTAGNE had apparently not seen it when he

wrote his review of Fragmens.

To account for the interval between the preface date and the date of MÜL-

LER's review, we may speculate that Schimper had Die Laubmoose printed at

Strasbourg in the summer or autumn of 1835 and distributed copies with the

title page of the Bibliothéque Nationale copy. Then on his visit to Stuttgart in

1836 (see below) to make arrangements with Schweizerbart for publishing

Bryologia europaea, he turned over Die Laubmoose to this German publisher,

Source : MNHN, Paris

PRELIMINARY FASCICLES OF BRYOLOGIA EUROPAEA 5

who distributed copies with a revised title page to prospective German subscri-

bers. In the absence of direct evidence of the date of first issue, the best course

would seem to be to accept the year date of 1835, but to treat it as having been

published later than Fragmens.

The Bemerkungen states the plan of the whole work — that genera would be

published as they were completed, regardless of systematic order, and subscri-

bers would receive at the end of the work the conspectus and title pages for

binding. This was intended to be the first fascicle of the Bryologia. The next

fascicle, Orthotrichum, was to be published the following winter. Buxbaumia,

Diphyscium, Archidium, Bruchia, and Voitia are treated as in Fragmens, with

the same taxa and the same plates, though the commentary is in German.

Phascum receives а full generic treatment, twenty species instead of the three

in Fragmens. New here are : Phascum serratum В angustifolium, p. 1, tab. 1;

Phascum tenerum, р. 2, tab. 1; Phascum cohaerens B flowtowianum (Funck),

р. 3, tab. 1; Phascum crassinervium В stenophyllum (Voit) p. 5, tab. 11; Phascum

floerkeanum В badium (Voit in Nees & Hornsch.) p. 8, tab. Ш; Phascum patens

В megapolitanum (Schultz), p. 9, tab. Ш; Phascum bryoides у curvisetum,

р. 14, tab. V; Phascum polycarpon, p. 19, tab. VI. All these are attributed

in Index muscorum to the «cancelled» fascicle of («1836») 1837 of Bryologia

еигораеа.

In MONTAGNE's (1835) review of Fragmens, he informed his readers that

the authors had prepared a French text to appear at the same time as the Ger-

man, but through default of the French publisher it had remained in manuscript.

Eventually, the French edition was launched with this «premiére livraison» :

BRYOLOGIE D'EUROPE, PUBLIÉE EN MONOGRAPHIES, РАК BRUCH

ET W.P, SCHIMPER. PREMIERE LIVRAISON. - МО. 1. PHASCUM. Pages [1]-

23, Tab. I-VII, NO. 2. BUXBAUMIACEAE. BUXBAUMIA. Pages [1]-4, Tab. I,

ТІ, DIPHYSCIUM. Pages [1]-3, Tab. IL. PARIS, CHEZ J. ALBERT MERKLEIN,

LIBRAIRIE. [Imp. de Silbermann, à Strasbourg] 1836.

Date of publication : 25 April 1836.

Copies : Bibl. Nat., FH,

It was reviewed in March 1836 by MONTAGNE (Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 2,

5 : 177-179. 1836). The Académie des Sciences received it by 25 April (Compt.

Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 2 : 424. 1836). It was listed in Bibliographie de

France on 7 May (25 : 218. 1836) and in Allgemeine Bibliographie Deutschland

on 20 May (1 : 350. 1836). Judging from the number of near-contemporary

references, copies were distributed widely. More may be extant than have been

recognized; it was the discovery of a copy, lacking its title page, among uncatalo-

gued material at the Farlow Library that prompted the present investigation.

The text is not, as BARNHART (1944) assumed, a French language version

of Die Laubmoose. In Bryologie Ше genéra Archidium, Bruchia, and Voitia

are omitted and although Buxbaumia and Diphyscium are practically the same,

Source : MNHN, Paris

6 G.SAYRE

in Phascum, P. cohaerens y lucasianum (Nees and Hornsch.), on page 4, is a new

combination, parts of the text have been revised, and footnotes added.

No further fascicles of а French edition were published. On 16 June 1836,

Schimper wrote to Mougeot of what he called the French publisher's infamous

chicanery (Schimper lost 1000 francs from his defection [SCHAEFFER 1980],

and on 21 July announced a new resolve, to publish a single all-Latin edition, as

Montagne had recommended :

«Vous savez, que l'éditeur de notre Bryologie d'Europe m'a mis dans un

embarras considérable, de sorte que l'édition frangaise de cet ouvrage ne pourra

plus paraitre désormais et je suis décidé à faire une seule édition en latin qui

doit se publier à Stuttgart. Deux livraisons sont prêtes à paraître. Pour arranger

Vaffaire d'une maniere solide, il faut que je prenne ma route pour Stuttgart

et ce n'est guére de là que je vais entreprendre mon voyage muscologique dans

les Alpes de la Carinthie et de la Styrie.» (SCHAEFFER 1980, р. 16).

"This, like all subsequent fascicles of Bryologia europaea, had descriptions as

well as short diagnoses in Latin, with added comments in parallel columns of

German and French. A new prospectus signed by BRUCH and SCHIMPER

appeared, with an offer by the publisher dated 1 February 1837 of the first

fascicle, already published, and the second, about го be printed (Flora Intell.

No. 1. Bd. 2, 1837 :4-7).

BRYOLOGIA EUROPAEA SEU GENERA MUSCORUM EUROPAEORUM

MONOGRAPHICE ILLUSTRATA AUCTORIBUS BRUCH ET W.P. SCHIM-

PER. FASCICULUS I. CUM TABULA ХІ. STUTTGARTIAE. E. SCHWEIZER-

BART. 1837.

Date of publication : April 1837.

Copies : Bibl. Nat., FH, G, PC.

On the basis of the prospectus, BARNHART (1944) gave the date of publi-

cation as January. 1 find, however, по evidence of receipt until April, the date

given іп TL-2. The hand-dated copy at Geneva gives April 1837 on the mono-

graph of Buxbaumia. Allgemeine Bibliographie Deutschland indicated on 17

February that the fascicles was not yet published and on 22 April that it was

out (2 : 96 and 222. 1837). Notices in HINRICHS (Boersenblatt 1837 : 782)

and GERSDORF (Repertorium 12 : 294) appeared in May and in Bulletin de la

littérature étrangère in June (1837 : 86).

Included in this fascicle were Archidium, Phascum, Bruchia, Voitia, Bux-

baumia, and Diphyscium. There appear to be no new taxa. This issue of Bux-

baumia and Diphyscium remained as the final version, although a supplement

to Buxbaumia was published in Fascicle 65, 1855. When Fascicle 1 was replaced,

these genera were bound into the final volumes, a fact which accounts for their

absence in some copies of the cancelled fascicle. The revisions in Phascaceae in

the versions об 1849 and 1852 were largely in recognition of divisions in the

genus Phascum.

Source : MNHN, Paris

PRELIMINARY FASCICLES OF BRYOLOGIA EUROPAEA 7

The tite pages which SCHIMPER issued later for the first four volumes

were dated 1836-1851. This has led some authors, including the compilers

of Index muscorum, to date the cancelled fascicle 1836. It seems more likely

that it is a reference to Bryologie d'Europe, which is the only version of the

first fascicle with a title page date of 1836. These two versions are virtually

alike taxonomically, and it seems likely that French subscribers were not expec-

ted to replace their copies, which were scarcely a year old.

"This fascicle is probably not so rare as library catalogues would lead one to

believe. One of the Farlow copies, and copies at Geneva and the Bibliothéque

Nationale have it bound in at the end of Volume 1. One of the copies in the

Cryptogamic Library at Paris has the cancelled generic sections bound with

the final versions.

As the work progressed, other fascicles were cancelled, supplements were

added, and plates were replaced or revised. It is anticipated that these and other

bibliographic features will be explicated Бу W.D. MARGADANT in a supple-

ment to the reprint edition of Bryologia europaea. Meanwhile, it may be pointed

out that bound copies with the cancelled Fascicle 1 usually contain also Fonti-

nalis in Fascicle 16 of April 1843, which was replaced in Fascicle 31 of April

1846, and Orthothecium, Fascicles 46-47, July 1851, which was revised in

Fascicle 48, July 1852. So far as I know, these have never been assessed for

their effect on priority of names.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. —1 wish to thank Dr Patricia Geissler and M. Denis Lamy

for making available copies of versions of Bryologia europaea. Also to thank M. Emile

Schaeffer for publications which accompanied the Schimper centenary celebration at

Strasbourg. I am grateful for financial assistance provided by the Uphoff Emeritus Faculty

Fund of Russell Sage College.

LITERATURE CITED

BARNHART, J.H., 1944 — Dates of the «Bryologia europaea». Bryologist 47 : 97-108.

DIETRICH J. & SCHAEFFER E., 1980 — Wilhelm-Philippe Schimper, le Botaniste, in

Centenaire de Wilhelm-Philippe Schimper (1808-1880). Bull. Sci. Géol. Univ. L. Pasteur

Strasbourg 33 (1) : 38-40,

FLORSCHÜTZ P.A. & MARGADANT W.D., 1971 — Introduction [to the facsimile edition

of Bryologia europaea). Amsterdam] Vaals, A. Asher & Co.

GRAD C., 1880 — Guillaume Philippe Schimper, sa vie et ses travaux. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat.

Colmar 20-21 : 351-392.

Index muscorum, see van der Wijk et al.

LAISSUS Y. 1965 — Catalogue général des manuscrits des bibliothèques publiques de

France, 55, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 19 supplément, рр. 138-149.

MARGADANT М, р. & VAN DER WIJK R., 1958 - The citation of the «Bryologia euro-

Source : MNHN. Paris

8 G.SAYRE

paea». Taxon 7 :97-103.

MONTAGNE C., 1835 — Bryologie d'Europe... par MM. Bruch et Schimper... (Review).

Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 2, 4 : 375-379 (Déc. 1835).

SCHAEFFER E., 1980 — Wilhelm-Philippe Schimper et son temps, in Centenaire de Wil-

helm-Philippe Schimper (1808-1880). Bull. Sci. Gol. Univ. Г. Pasteur Strasbourg

33 (1) :5-25.

TL-2. STAFLEU F.A. & COWAN R.S., 1976 — Taxonomic Literature. Second edition.

Vol. 1 (A-G) : 373-370. Utrecht, Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema.

VAN DER WIJK R., MARGADANT W.D. & FLORSCHÜTZ P.A., 1959-1969 — Index

muscorum. Utrecht, International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature.

Source : MNHN. Paris

VEGETACION BRIOFITICA EPIFITA

DEL DOMINIO CLIMACICO DE ABIES PINSAPO BOISS.

J. GUERRA*

RÉSUMÉ. — Étude des bryoassociations épiphytiques du domaine des foréts d’Abies pin-

sapo Boiss. du sud-ouest de la Péninsule Ibérique. L’Orthotricho-Antitrichietum californicae

est reconnu et trois nouvelles associations sont décrites : Pterigynandro-Orthotrichetum

speciosi (Fabronion pusillae, Leucodontetalia), Orthotricho-Neckeretum pumilae (Ulotion

crispae, Neckeretalia pumilae) et Antitrichio-Isothecietum algarvici (Antitrichion curtipen-

dulae, Dicranetalia). Discussion de la validité des trois unités supérieures.

INTRODUCCION

Los bosques de Abies pinsapo Boiss., se situan, corológicamente, en la pro-

vincia Bética, encontrándose repartidos, un tanto de manera fraccionaria, por la

Serranía de Ronda, en sentido amplio.

Orientada al norte de la cumbre de los Reales, se asienta una masa de pinsa-

pos, desde los 1300 a 1450 m, con una extensión aproximada de 50 hectáreas,

que constituye el ріпзараг más meridional. El conjunto de los abetales de los

términos municipales de Yunquera, Tolox y el Burgo, conforman un área rela-

tivamente grande, pero se encuentran dispersos por lo que se llama Sierra de las

Nieves, alcanzando aquí altitudes de hasta 1700 m. Los pinsapares que se en-

cuentran en la Sierra del Pinar de Grazalema, comprenden una gran masa de

aproximadamente 250 hectáreas, donde los pinsapos presentan mayor vitalidad

y desarrollo que en ninguna de las demás áreas (Mapa 1).

Dos tendencias climáticas se ponen de manifiesto en los dominios de estos

bosques, una de acusada continentalidad, comprendería la mayor parte de

ellos, es decir, a las masas que зе asientan en el cingulo montañoso que rodea a la

* Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga (España).

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1982, 3, 1 : 9-27.

Source : MNHN. Paris

10 J. GUERRA

E Localizacion de los bosques de Мін завива:

meseta de Ronda y bajo una posición bioclimática meso-supramediterráneo

sub-húmedo y otra de influencia atlántica (mediterráneo húmedo-hiperhúmedo),

que corresponde a las zonas de la Sierra del Pinar (Cádiz) y Sierra Bermeja

(Málaga), encontrándose estas formaciones en una posición bioclimática que

corresponde al mesomediterraneo húmedo.

Source : MNHN. Paris

УЕСЕТАСІОМ BRIOFITICA EPIFITA DE ABIES PINSAPO 11

Con relación а los bosques de Abies ріпзаро, diversos autores han elaborado

teorías acerca de la posición sintaxonómica de la comunidad que forman; los

estudios más recientes (ASENSI & RIVAS-MARTINEZ 1976), concluyen en

situar a estos, dentro de Quercion fagineo-suberis, sintaxon de Quercetalia

ilicis, que representa el territorio climácico de carácter meso- y supramediterrä-

neo para este Про de formaciones boscosas en la región mediterránea occidental

de la Península Ibérica. Constituyen una comunidad Paeonio-Abietum pinsapo,

para la cual se admiten tres subasociaciones : abietosum pinsapo (típica), que

ocuparía la Sierra de las Nieves (en sentido amplio), daphnetosum latifoliae,

con un carácter mesófilo acentuado y que establece un nexo de unión con

AceriQuercion fagineae (Quercetalia pubescentis), ya que en su sotobosque abun-

dan especies de Querco-Fagetea y bunietosum macucae, variante edáfica sobre

serpentinas que se encuentra, bioclimáticamente, más próxima a la variante

mesófila que а ninguna otra.

UNIDADES SUPERIORES

En la clase Hypnetea cupressiformis Jezek & Vondracek 1962 (Frullanio-

Leucodontetea v. Hübschmann 1975, Hypnetea uncinati Lecointe 1975, Нур-

netea corticolae Mamezarz 1978), se rennen las comunidades corticicolas de

troncos y ramas, que se establecen desde los pisos basales al subalpino, así

pues, esta clase briosociolópica recoge, en la actualidad, todas las asociaciones

epífitas de briöfitos, comunidades que pueden considerarse acidöfilas ya que

los valores de pH medidos para las cortezas de un gran námero de especies,

oscilan entre 4,5 y 5, con valores mínimos de hasta 2,5. Otras que poseen una

corteza rica en CaO son bastante más pobres en briófitos epífitos (BARKMAN

1958).

Las condiciones macroambientales, el clima en suma, posee una capacidad

de influencia muy alta sobre las comunidades epífitas de briófitos. En nuestra

Península, son especialmente ricos en comunidades epífitas los sectores atlánti-

cos de atmósfera hümeda; en determinados lugares de Europa occidental, con

climas hiperhümedos alcanzan su máximo desarrollo.

En el seno de un régimen pluviométrico mediterráneo o mediterráneo con

tendencia continental, estas comunidades son bastante más pobres y raras,

encontrandose relegadas a zonas más altas donde se producen nieblas frecuentes

o a lugares muy umbrios.

Las comunidades epífitas de briófitos, poseen una amplitud ecológica mayor

que cualquiera de las comunidades cormofíticas que les dan asiento y de las

cuales dependen. Una misma asociación puede encontrarse en los dominios

de diversas comunidades de fanerógamas, siempre y cuando las condiciones

macroclimáticas sean análogas, en gran parte, para todas estas; de aquí, que

pueda establecerse, en determinadas ocasiones, cierto paralelismo entre las

comunidades epífitas briofiticas y determinados dominios y territorios climá-

cicos de asociaciones cormofíticas.

Source : MNHN, Paris

12 J. GUERRA

Las comunidades epífitas de carácter meso-xerófilas y toxi-nitrotolerantes

de partes medias y altas de troncos, se encuentran dentro del orden Leucodon-

tetalia v. Hübschmann 1952, De distribución casi cosmopolita, se da incluso

bajo climas atlánticos en condiciones de alta exposición o formaciones boscosas

aclaradas, aunque es más propio de climas continentales y mediterráneos. Se

consideran especies caracteristicas o diferenciales (HÚBSCHMANN 1952,

WALTHER 1979, BARKMAN 1958) :

Brachythecium velutinum (Hedw.) B.S.G., Cryphaea arborea (P. Beauv.)

Lindb., Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum., Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwaegr.,

L. sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwaegr. var. morensis (Schwaegr.) De Not. (territorial),

Orthotrichum lyellii Hook. et Tayl. (et ordo et classis), Orthotrichum affine

Schrad. ex Brid., Orthotrichum striatum Hedw., Orthotrichum speciosum

Nees in Sturm, Orthotrichum stramineum Hornsch. ex Brid., Orthotrichum

tenellum Bruch ex Brid., Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) B.S.G., Radula complanata

(L.) Dum., Zygodon viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid.

Las comunidades que nosotros reconocemos para este orden se incluyen

en la alianza Fabronion pusillae Barkman 1958, donde se encuentran las comuni-

dades del orden que se desarrollan bajo un clima mediterráneo, Se consideran

especies características :

Antitrichia californica Sull. in Lesq., Fabronia pusilla Raddi, Frullania tama-

risci (L.) Dum. var. mediterranea De Not., Habrodon perpusillus (De Not.)

Lindb., Leptodon smithii (Hedw.) Web. et Mohr, Pterogonium gracile (Hedw.)

Sm.

En el orden Neckeretalia Barkman 1958, se recogen las asociaciones epífitas

briofíticas de bosques caducifolios, frecuentes en especies de troncos lisos,

en las regiones montano-atlánticas de Europa. Se puede definir como sustrato-y

aerohigrófilo, toxi-nitrófobo y subacidófilo (BARKMAN 1958). Se han consi-

derado especies características o diferenciales :

Frullania fragilifolia (Tayl.) Gott, et al., Frullania tamarisci (L.) Dum., Hyp-

num cupressiforme Hedw. var. filiforme Brid., Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.

var. resupinatum (Tayl.) Schimp., Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dum., Neckera pumila

Hedw., Orthotrichum lyellit Hook. ес Tayl. (et classis), Platygyrium repens

(Brid.) B.S.G., Radula lindbergiana Gott. in Hartm.

Este sintaxon presenta su área potencial en el ambiente de Querco-Fagetea :

sin embargo, en la Península Ibérica no se presenta tal paralelismo, quedando

su äreal más restringido. Si bien en las provincias corológicas Atlántica у Luso-

Extremadurense se encuentra en los dominios de Quercetalia robori-petraeae

y Fagetalia, en la Bética sólo aparece en las formaciones atlánticas o subatlán-

ticas de Quercetalia pubescentis y Quercetea ilicis (Rusco-Quercetum canarien-

sis) (GIL & GUERRA 1980), desapareciendo cuando el clima se continentaliza.

Este tipo de vegetación epífita no se muestra, por ejemplo, en los robledales

del piso supramediterräneo de Sierra Nevada (Quercetum pyrenaicae nevadense)

nien los dominios de la alianza Aceri-Quercion fagineae de la Serranía de Cuenca,

Mediodia Valenciano y ambas Castillas (fig. 1).

Source : MNHN, Paris

VEGETACION BRIOFITICA EPIFITA DE ABIES PINSAPO 13

Fig. 1. — Area potencial (rallado), para las comunidades de Neckeretalia pumilae Barkman

1958, en la Península Ibérica.

Es de destacar que las zonas estudiadas representan la etapa finícola del

área de las Neckeretalia pumilae, pero a pesar de ello se manifiestan muy bien

sus comunidades, siempre en los bosques densos de Abies pinsapo o en barrancos

profundos y protegidos, bajo clima meditarráneo húmedo e hiperhúmedo

templado, donde se presenta igualmente la vegetación de Aceri-Quercion fagi-

neae.

Dentro de este problemático orden se incluyeron tres alianzas (BARKMAN

1958), que en realidad recogen diversos estadios en la evolución de comunidades

corticicolas : Ulotion crispae Barkman 1958, Antitrichion curtipendulae

(Ochsner 1928) Barkman 1958 y Lobarion pulmonariae Ochsner 1928, las cuales

constituyen una serie ecológica de vegetación epífita y que no podrían incluirse

en una misma unidad superior, en este caso Neckeretalia pumilae. En tal sentido

las comunidades evolucionadas de Neckeretalia pumilae (en el sentido actual) :

Ани стоп curtipendulae y Lobarion pulmonariae estarían más cerca de

Dicranetalia Barkman 1958 y las pioneras : Ulotion crispae y Ulotion bruchii

Lecointe 1979, serían susceptibles de encuadrarse en un sintaxon afín a Leu-

codontetalia (LECOINTE 1979), que comprendería la unidad superior de

comunidades corticícolas pioneras de climas continentales, atlánticos, medi-

terráneos, hiperatlänticos, etc. Esto llevaría a la reestructuración del orden

Neckeretalia pumilae .

La alianza Ulotion crispae Barkman 1958, recoge las comunidades pioneras

de troncos lisos o jóvenes y ramas de Fagus, Abies, Alnus, Quercus, etc. Se

trata de la alianza más aerohigrófila y esciófila del orden, presentándose siempre

Source : ММНМ. Paris

14 J. GUERRA

en áreas con precipitación superior a los 800 mm. Se destacan en ella los musgos

acrocárpicos y pequeñas hepäticas foliosas de fructificación muy frecuente,

incluso en muestras latitudes. Se puede considerar de carácter subatlántico.

Especies características son :

Frullania fragilifolia (Tayl) Gott. et al. (et ordo), Metzgeria furcata (L.)

Dum. (et ordo), Orthotrichum striatum Hedw., Orthotrichum stramineum

Hornsch ex Brid., Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid.

Este sintaxon ha sido considerado a nivel de subalianza Ulotenion crispae

(Barkman 1958) Lecointe 1975, dentro de Frullanion dilatatae Lec. 1975

(Leucodontetalia), pues algunas de sus especies caracteristicas (Orthotrichum

striatum, Orthotrichum stramineum, Orthotrichum lyellii), resultan comunes

con este ültimo orden, en razón al carácter pionero que esta alianza comparte

con las Leucodontetalia. Para nosotros, las especies de Frullanion dilatatae no

son sino de una unidad superior más amplia (clase probablemente) que reco-

gería а todas las comunidades pioneras bajo dos órdenes Neckeretalia pumilae

(atlántico y subatlántico) y Leucodontetalia (meditarráneo y continental).

En la alianza Antitrichion curtipendulae (Ochsner 1928) Barkman 1958,

se comprenden las comunidades esciófilas, meso-higrófilas y neutro-acidófilas,

exclusivamente de la base de los troncos y raices descubiertas en formaciones

boscosas densas en climas atlánticos о meditarräneos húmedos. Se han consi-

derado especies características y diferenciales :

Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid., Amblystegiella subtilis (Hedw.)

Loeske, Нотайа trichomanoides (Hedw.) B.S.G., Hypnum cupressiforme

Hedw. var. filiforme Brid. (et ordo), Frullania tamarisci (L.) Dum., Isotheeium

myurum. Brid., Isothecium myosuroides Brid., Porella platyhylla (L.) Pfeif

Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) B.S.G.

Resulta, pues, rica en especies de pleurocárpicos, representando, frente а

Ulotion crispae, las comunidades evolucionadas de este, por lo que bajo una

nueva concepción, serían más propias de un sintaxon como Dicranetalia, de aso-

ciaciones evolucionadas, nunca pioneras y ricas en pleurocárpicos. Podría consi-

derarse vicariante ecológica (lugares más húmedos) de Isothecion myosuroidis

Barkman 1958, ambas atlánticas e integrables por afinidades florísticas y eco-

lógicas en el orden Dicranetalia Barkman 1958.

Esta alianza se puede reconocer en los pinsapares andaluces que se encuentra

bajo un clima mediterráneo húmedo e hiperhúmedo (tendencia atläntica),

ocupando la base de los troncos y raices descubiertas de Abies pinsapo y Quercus

faginea (Q. alpestris), en los barrancos umbríos con humedad edáfica elevada

y fuerte inclinación, donde según ALLORGE (1935), se refugia un complejo

de grandes Hypnaceas silváticas típicas de los bosques de la Europa media y

atlántica.

Source : MNHN, Paris

VEGETACION BRIOFITICA EPIFITA DE ABIES PINSAPO 15

DESCRIPCION DE LAS COMUNIDADES

ORTHOTRICHO-ANTITRICHIETUM CALIFORNICAE ALLORGE 1935

Estructura y florística : Tab. 1.

Sinecología : En las áreas que son objeto de este trabajo, la asociación alcanza

su óptimo en el piso mesomediterráneo subhúmedo у húmedo, dominio de

Paeonio-Quercetum rotundifoliae faginetosum y suberetosum, en climas, pues,

con cierta tendencia atlántica. Concretamente se desarrolla sobre ramas y tron-

cos de Quercus suber y Quercus rotundifolia.

La asociación ha sido mencionada en la bibliografía como la comunidad

briofítica epífita de los abetales del sur de nuestra Península (ALLORGE P.

1935 y 1947). Sin embargo, hemos de hacer una precisión a tal respecto; en

efecto, como ya hemos indicado, la presente asociación es la comunidad epifita

generalizada en los encinares-alcornocales mesomediterräneos del sur de la

Península Ibérica, los abetales se presentan contactando con el piso de vegeta-

ción anterior, manifestándose igualmente la comunidad en las zonas de contacto.

Un estudio profundo de la vegetación briofítica epífita en los abetales del sur

de la Península Ibérica, nos muestra que esta asociación no resiste las condicio-

nes más mesófitas y esciöfitas imperantes en los bosques densos de Paeonio-

Abietetum pinsapo, donde llega muy empobrecida, siendo sustituida en altitud

por Pterigynandro-Orthotrichetum speciosi у en los sectores más hümedos

y umbrios (mediterráneos de tendencia atlántica) por la Orthotricho-Neckere-

tum pumilae (Fig. 2).

Sinfisionomía y composición florística : Con una cobertura media del 70%

la comunidad está ampliamente dominada por musgos, ya que sólo una hepática,

Frullania dilatata, está presente en ella. Su aspecto es variable, según se asiente

sobre ramas o troncos, ya que en las primeras los musgos acrocárpicos como

Orthotrichum lyellii, Tortula princeps De Not., etc. alcanzan sus índices más

elevados, proporcionando a las ramas un aspecto toruloso típico, especialmente

acentuado en los meses de sequía. Los pleurocárpicos, mas higrodependientes,

alcanzan mayor desarrollo sobre los troncos, tal es el caso de Antitrichia cali-

fornica y Homalothecium sericeum, pero en ningún momento muestran sín-

tomas de desalojar a los acrocárpicos, todo lo contrario, es aquí donde se expresa

con mayor riqueza florística.

Hemos considerado que junto a Antitrichia californica, mediterránea, y a

Orthotrichum lyellii, ambas características de la comunidad según ALLORGE e

igualmente recogidas por BARKMAN, debe añadirse Tortula princeps particular-

mente abundante como epífita en el suroeste de la Península Ibérica y típica

del piso mesomediterráneo,

Sindinámica : En los encinares aclarados, las especies más sensibles a las

grandes variaciones del estado higrométrico desaparecen las primeras, como

Source - MNHN, Paris

16 J. GUERRA

TABLA 4 ORTHOTRICHO - ANTITRICHIETUM CALIFORNICAE Allorge 1935

Número de inventario AS а Е 592-1077 114

Superficie (dm?) 8 i2 de 12. 9 E T O

Cobertura (X) 90 60 90 50 80 60 50 50 90 60 90

Exposición NE М NE N NE SE NO NE N NE NO

Inclinación (9) 90 90 45 90 90 90 90 90 45 60 90

Altitud (1-100 m) B. 18. S90 85 ро р. Бао

Sustrato QS QR QR QR QR QR QR OR QR QR QR

Námero de especies D 089 M ЧЕ M M M

Características de asociación (Orthotricho-Antitrichietum californicae) :

Orthotrichum LyeLlit Ромен ре ЭЕ Ак: ЭЙР Эу Eo P i:

Ahttkrtchte enbtFornLta" "à 27 qe V^ "e 108 2 a 1; у

Tortula princeps imas most tameo Silii ута cam qoem y

Características de unidades superiores (Fabronion pusillae,Leucodonteta-

Lio,Hypnetea cupressiformis):

Frullania dilatata Fe LE A LE ER TOUT Nee ту,

Habrodon perpusillus eee e зам A АА со

Zygodon viridissimus y nce qe, hel р

Leptodon smithit ee A RT sel ET

CS Ct br ы A EE

Leucodon scLorotdes

var. morensis МИР УРНИ a cuota Ei agire diee i terres cria

Fobronto pusilla E E er respon ие TT

Orthotrichum tenelLum йы есік аны ge f nat eee I

Especies de Tortulion Laevipilae :

dt ebe ой ри si EE

Tortula Laevipito ra Re AENA ERC

Compañera:

поклав RTT IUS A A NC PANDA

Localidades:

Nava de San Luis,Serrania de Ronda (Málaga) 1,2,4,6 y 7

Quejigales,Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga) 5 y 10

Sierra de Yunquera (Málaga) з

Sierra de El Burgo (Málaga) 3y9

Sierra del Pinar de Grazalema (Cádiz) 1

Abreviaturas: QS-Quercus suber; QR-Quercus rotundifolia

Source : MNHN, Paris

VEGETACION BRIOFITICA EPIFITA DE ABIES PINSAPO 17

ocurre con Habrodon perpusillus, Leptodon smithii, Fabronia pusilla o incluso

la misma Antitrichia californica. Paralelamente a este fenómeno, el aumento

de la nitrofilia provocado рог el pastoreo, induce la entrada en la comunidad

de especies como Orthotrichum diaphanum Brid., de Tortulion laevipilae Ochsner

1928, que engloba comunidades de troncos aislados, meso-xerófilas, fotófilas y algo

nitrófilas, sobre todo en lugares con clima continental.

Sintaxonomía : La posición sintaxonómica de esta comunidad se confirma

muy clara dentro de Leucodontetalia, apuntada ya por BARKMAN (1958),

así como en la alianza Fabronion pusillae, ya que son numerosas las especies

de ambos sintaxones presentes en la asociación.

Sincorología : Se encuentra ampliamente distribuida por la Peninsula Ibérica,

particularmente bien representada en los bosques de Про mesomediterráneos

occidentales, ocupando el área potencial de la alianza Quercion fagineo-suberis.

Según ALLORGE (1935 y 1947), esta asociación encuentra su límite norte

en la vertiente sur de la Cadena Cantábrica, poniéndose en contacto con la

vegetación epífita de los bosques brumosos. La cita en la Sierra de Guadarrama,

cercanías al Escorial (dominio de Junipero-Quercetum rotundifoliae), donde

la hemos podido reconocer, en Altos Tras-os Montes, en los bosques de Pinus

laricio de la Serranía de Cuenca, en los encinares y quejigales extremeños y parte

occidental de Castilla la Vieja, en los castañares de Cartajima, cerca de Ronda y

en toda su serranía. Nosotros hemos podido constatar su existencia, en toda

Andalucía, en los dominios de Paeonio-Quercetum rotundifoliae y Oleo-Quer-

cetum suberis.

PTERIGYNANDRO FILIFORMIS-OR THOTRICHETUM SPECIOSI Ass. Nova

Sintipo : Tab, 2.

Holosintipo : inventario по 3.

Sinecología : Ocupa las partes medias y altas de los troncos de viejos abetos

y quejigos, encontrándose ligada a las formaciones boscosas en las mayores

altitudes del conjunto de las áreas estudiadas. Se expresa a partir de los 1400 m

hasta los 1700, alcanzando su óptimo a los 1500 aproximadamente. A estas

altitudes, abundantes nieblas compensan la falta de pluviosidad estival que en

nuestras latitudes soportan las formaciones boscosas, permitiendo así el desar-

rollo de las especies de pleurocárpicos que no son infrecuentes en esta comu-

nidad, Se presenta en formaciones densas, prefiriendo orientaciones norte y nor-

oeste; es, pues, una comunidad esciófila, xero-mesófila y ligeramente acidöfila.

En la descripción de Orthotricho-Antitrichietum californicae, realizada

por BARKMAN (1958), se dan entre las especies características y diferenciales

de esta, especies como Orthotrichum speciosum y Pterigynandrum filiforme

Hedw.; esta interpretación consideramos que, es parcialmente errónea, ya que

la Orthotricho-Antitrichietum no lleva en su estado óptimo ninguna de estas

Source : MNHN, Paris

18 J. GUERRA

TABLA 2 PTERIGYNANDRO FILIFORMIS - ORTHOTRICHETUM SPECIOS! ass. nova

Número de inventario й ubere 1 Ұ us unt а ау”

Superficie (dm?) 9 i2 12 12 18 15 9 12 15 6 12 6 6 12

Cobertura (X) зо 80 90 во во во во 70 90 во во 70 70 во

Inclinación (9) 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 45 45 90

Exposición NE NE н NE Н МЕ МЕ N NE NE NE н N н

Sustrato села и E АА” ae

Altitud (snm)(1«100 m) 15 15 16 15 15 14 15 14 15 16 15 16 18 17

Altura desde el suelo (m са ын лы тәрен u зы йр ls a cct en

Nánero de especies 446 4 6 5 € a $ в в л 9 6 вя

Características de asociación (Pterigynandro-OrthotrLchetum spectost) :

Ptertgynandrun fLLLforme EREET EEEE R TREE

Orthotrichum specLosum La Lea Trai under уі, A:

Características de unidades super res (Fabronton pusiLLoe,Leucodon-

tetoLLo,Hypneteo cupressiformis) :

Orthotrichum Let) deii ei u udis Le mn

FrulLonto étLatata зав а нб, N й + ту

Hypnum cupressiforme Дер kopen 3 лімен wins gi om Er 2%, aT

Leucodon sciuroides v. morensis + + + + +. + іт? = n

Pterogonium grociLe "TM MS ee ehe pot Т

Orthotrichum affine {чеч Й сқ эмы, para + % u

ÁntitrichLo californica ————Á———— ral зо еру ры!

Zugodon viridissimus eg RL

Compañera:

HomaLotheciun sericeum EE RT кы жесі ша ы >

Localidades:

Cañada del Cuerno,Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga) 1,2,3,5,6,7 y 11

Falda de la Torrecilla,Tolox (Málaga) 10 y 12

de Huarte, Yunquera (Málaga) ays

de Quejigales,Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga) 9,13 y 14

Abreviaturas: A-Abies pinsapo

dos especies, que d aparecen en las altitudes donde Antitrichia californica y

Tortula princeps son raras o escasas debido a su carácter xero-termófilo. Se

mantienen, sin embargo, cn estas altitudes, una gran parte de las especies de

Leucodontetalia que junto a las que consideramos diferenciales para esta comu-

nidad, sustituyen a Orthotricho-Antitrichietum en el piso supramediterräneo.

Sinfisionomia y composición florística : Se trata de una comunidad de

recubrimiento relativamente elevado, dominada por pleurocárpicos (Bryocha-

maephyta reptantia), que configuran básicamente la comunidad; se encuentran

entre estos Pterigynandrum filiforme, Hypnum cupressiforme y Leucodon

Source : MNHN. Paris

VEGETACION BRIOFITICA EPIFITA DE ABIES PINSAPO 19

sciuroides var. morensis, que forman grandes manchones, eventualmente rotos

por la presencia de los acrocárpicos, casi exclusivamente Orthotrichum specio-

sum у Orthotrichum lyellii, ya que Zygodon viridissimus y Orthotrichum affine

resultan infrecuentes y escasos.

En cuanto a las especies características hemos de indicar que Pterigynandrum

filiforme es una especie considerada típica del ambiente de Querco-Fagetea

y que resulta frecuente en los abetales y robledales del sur de la Península

Ibérica, aunque ocupando un piso bioclimático de mayor altitud. Esta especie

se encuentra muy frecuente en el cortejo muscinal epífito de Abies borisii-

regis (GAMISANS & HEBRARD 1979). Orthotrichum speciosum resulta clara-

mente orófila, carácter reconocido en numerosas ocasiones para esta especie.

Sintaxonomía : El hecho de que esta comunidad se presente en localidades

no muy lluviosas y con inviernos rígidos, hace que pueda separarse muy bien

del orden Neckeretalia pumilae , ya que no se presenta ninguna especie de este,

muy al contrario y como puede observarse en la tabla correspondiente, resulta

enormemente ríca en especies de Leucodontetalia, por lo que debe considerarse

asociación de tal orden. Su inclusión en la alianza Fabronion pusillae es, por

razones similares, igualmente lógica.

Sincorología : Localmente, esta comunidad se pone de manifiesto en los

bosques mixtos de Abies pinsapo y Quercus faginea que se encuentran a mayor

altitud en la Sierra de Ronda, Sierra de las Nives, falda norte de la Torrecilla

y Sierra de Tolox. A tenor de los trabajos biogeográficos de ALLORGE (1947)

y nuestras propias investigaciones, creemos que se trata de una comunidad

frecuente en la Iberia continental y que se muestra siempre en las formaciones

silväticas por encima de los 1500 m.

ORTHOTRICHO LYELLII - NECKERETUM PUMILAE Ass. Nova

Sintipo : Tab. 3.

Holosintipo : inventario n? 2.

Sinecología : Es la comunidad epifita pionera, dominante en los bosques

densos de pinsapos y quejigos que poseen influencia atlántica (meso-supramedi-

terräneo hümedo). Debemos hacer notar que Neckera pumila es considerada

la especie de dicho género de carácter más atlántico. La pluviosidad de estas

áreas es, por otra parte, importante, siempre por encima de los 800 mm (Graza-

lema y Sierra Bermeja, con 2118 y 862, respectivamente). Se mantiene, igual-

mente, un nivel higrotérmico elevado, debido a la proximidad al mar, pues el

efecto de barrera que estos macizos montañosos ejercen sobre los frecuentes

vientos marinos, favorece las precipitaciones estivales o la formación de nieblas

durante los meses de escasa o nula precipitación.

La altura media de la colonización varia con la densidad dcl bosque. En los

densos, donde la luminosidad es baja, la comunidad aparece empobrecida sobre

Source : MNHN, Paris.

20 J.GUERRA

TABLA З || ORTHOTRICHO LYELLI| - NECKERETUM PUMILAE ass. nova

Número de inventario NC la Li et en UAP D ET Er

Superficie (4а?) 279 51616 9 1203 5 в З

Cobertura (X) 90 70 то 80 60 то 90 60 30 80 90

Exposición S S NE M ню NE S н н NE

Altitud (sna) (1-100 m) 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 13

Altura desde el suelo (m) 15 1 15 QS 15 Q5 15 15 17 05 05

Sustrato e NE АА ҚА ШТА

Némero de especies АСЕ es dp кір LP Cn қ

Características territoriales de asociación,alianza y orden (Orthotricho:

Ulotion erispae,Neckeretallo рипілоє)

Neckera pumilo EL ees ige 2

Orthotrichum Let) ie ee: +

Frullonio tomorisct. ye we Я

Hypnum cupresstforne

var. filiforme а dep de que aig с

Netzgerto furcata peto, tae idee deben

ULoto erLspa ҮҮ?! кутер 1

Característica de cli

Hypnum cupresstforme

Var. uncinatum aee ду ER d

Especies de Leucodontetollo ( о de otra unidad de mayor rango):

Zygodon viridLssimus A ww карбіду ES

Orthotrichum affine > eis A "eeu

Frullanta diLototo ns lie

BrochythecLum velutinum т 2 раси ферита

Especies de FabronLon ров вен

Habrodon perpusiLLus А AJ АДУ ЕЕ ES

Leptodon вте v m qox daer qued pee E

PterogonLum gracile + Энн 22 203 iw.

Compañera:

Isothectum myosuroldes. dece

Otras especie

Localidad

Reales de Genalguacil,Sierra Bermeja (Málaga)

Sierra del Pinar de Grazalema (Cádiz)

Abreviaturas: A=AbLes plnsapo;QF=Quercus foginea

los troncos, pues las especies que la constituyen emigran a las ramas; en tanto

que en las formaciones más aclaradas, se muestra sobre los troncos.

Sinfisionomía y composición florística

su fisionomía los musgos pleuroc

1,2,3,4,0,7,8 y 9

5,10,11,12,13,14,15 у 16

зо

Leucodon scLuroides var. morensis + en 6;0rthotrichum teneLLum + en 7;HomaLothecLum зе

ceum + en lá;Porello огьогів vitae 1 en 16;RaduLa complanata + еп 16.

Tienen un valor preponderante en

rpicos, fundamentalmente Neckera pumila

6,8

пі

Source : MNHN, Paris:

VEGETACION BRIOFITICA EPIFITA DE ABIES PINSAPO 21

e Hypnum cupressiforme var. filiforme, En tanto que la primera presenta una

fuerte adherencia al sustrato y forma tapices delgados, laxos y extensos, la se-

gunda presenta una adherencia bastante menor, formando manchones densos,

largos у péndulos, Estos aspectos fisionómicos acordes con los biötipos de

ambas especies, marcan, por otra parte, el comportamiento del resto. Así Necke-

ra pumila permite el asentamiento de Orthotrichum lyellii, Ulota crispa, etc.

mientras que Hypnum cupressiforme var. filiforme, deplaza un tanto а los

acrocárpicos permitiendo la entrada de las tres hepáticas de la comunidad :

Frullania dilatata, Frullania tamarisci y Metzgeria furcata.

Sindinámica : La dinámica está condicionada, fundamentalmente, por las

exigencias ecológicas, un tanto diferentes de dos de las especies componentes.

Neckera pumila, se encuentra colonizando, con índices más elevados, los troncos

de los árboles relativamente jóvenes y algo más expuestos. Hypnum cupressi-

forme var. filiforme, se presenta más esciöfilo, alcanzando mayores índices

sobre troncos viejos en las partes más densas del pinsapar. Debido a estos condi-

cionantes ecológicos, ocurre, con frecuencia que a partir de un cierto grado de

abundancia о recubrimiento de una de los dos especies, por encontrar sus condi-

ciones óptimas, existe una cierta tendencia a la exclusión parcial de la otra

(inventarios n° 5, 6, 13, 14 у 15). Un grupo de especies constituido por Ortho-

trichum lyellii, Frullania dilatata y Ulota crispa, mantienen sus indices de abun-

dancia-dominancia muy constantes dentro de las variaciones microclimáticas

descritas. Los inventarios donde H. c. var, filiforme alcanza indices elevados,

los interpretamos como estados evolucionados de la comunidad hacia Antitri-

chion curtipendulae.

Sintaxonomía : Abundamos aquí en señalar las afinidades que este tipo

de comunidades pioneras presenta con las del orden Leucodontetalia, en concre-

to en nuestras áreas, con la Orthotricho-Antitrichietum californicae, así como

con la Orthotrichetum lyellit (Allorge 1922) Lecointe 1975, debido a la presen-

cia de especies de estas unidades. Su inclusión en la alianza Ulotion crispae,

по resulta problemática, pues existen elementos floristicos y sinecológicos

para ello. A nuestro juicio la posición sintaxonómica de dicha alianza debe

mantenerse dentro de Neckeretalia pumilae. Otro problema sería extraer de

este orden las alianzas Antitrichion curtipendulae y Lobarion pulmonariae,

al igual que Anomodontion europaeum Barkman 1958 de Leucodontetalia, y

relacionarlas, más propiamente, con Dicranetalia. Este ültimo más Lophocole-

talia heterophyllae Barkman 1958, podrían ser incluidos en otro sintaxon

(clase probablemente) para las comunidades evolucionadas de base de troncos,

sustratohigröfilas; con lo cual la actual clase Hypnetea cupressiformis debería

ser enmendada y considerada a nivel de división (Hypnea cupressiformis).

Sincorología : El nücleo de especies características de esta comunidad y

de las unidades superiores : Neckera pumila, Лога crispa, Orthotrichum lyellii,

etc... fué considerado por ALLORGE (1947), como un grupo de especies capaz

de caracterizar la vegetación epífita de los bosques de montaña iberoatlánticos

Source

MNHN, Paris

22 J. GUERRA

y el mismo las localiza en el Pirineo Occidental, Cadena Cantábrica, enclaves

húmedos de Monchique, así como en los dominios hiperatlánticos del País

Vasco y Galicia. A raíz de las listas de especies dadas por ALLORGE, se deduce,

fácilmente, que esta comunidad que proponemos es la expresión meridional

de este conjunto, pues otras como Ulota bruchii Hornsch.ex Brid., Harpalejeunea

ovata (Hook.) Schiffn. in Engler et Prantl., Lejeunea ulicina (Tayl.) Gott. et al.,

etc.. de carácter atlántico acentuado, no aparecen.

En las áreas que estudiamos, la asociación aparece, exclusivamente, en los

dominios de vegetación de Paeonio-Abietetum pinsapo, alcanzando su óptimo

en aquellas formaciones donde la influencia atläntica es mayor : Sierra del

Pinar de Grazalema y Sierra Bermeja de Estepona; esta última creemos puede

constituir el límite suroriental de la clase Neckeretalia pumilae en la Península

Ibérica.

ANTITRICHIO CURTIPENDULAE-ISOTHECIETUM ALGARVICI Ass. Nova

Sintipo : Tab. 4.

Holosintipo : inventario по 4.

Sinecología : Coloniza las raices descubiertas de viejos quejidos у pinsapos,

remontando, a veces, hasta la base de los troncos (máximo 0,4 m, inventario 12),

en lugares con fuerte inclinación de los bosques densos que soportan una mayor

precipitación y un clima más templado. Con esta original ecología, no se trata,

pues, de una comunidad estrictamente corticícola, ya que estas raices suelen

fijar materia orgánica y tierra, producto de arrastre por el agua de lluvia de los

materiales que se encuentran en tan acusada pendiente. La reacción de este

sustrato terri-humificado es francamente ácido (pH de 5,5 a 6). En este medio

la asociación se procura un nivel de humedad considerable, de aquí la prolifera-

ción de los musgos pleurocárpicos y las hepáticas, explicándose, por otra parte,

la presencia de especies con carácter meso-higröfilo del orden Leskeetalia poly-

carpae Lecointe 1976, como Dialytrichia mucronata (Brid.) Broth. Se puede

definir la comunidad como terri-humi-corticícola, sustratohigrófila, fuertemente

esciófila y acidófila. Su posición bioclimática es de un mesomediterráneo hú-

medo.

Sinfisionomía : La asociación se muestra fuertemente cerrada, con un recu-

brimiento medio del 94 %. La riqueza en pleurocárpicos es patente, represe:

tando este biótipo un 64 % del conjunto de especies de la comunidad, las hepäti

cas representa el 21 %, por su parte los acrocárpicos son raros y poco abundan-

tes. Fisionómicamente destacan los extensos y rastreros cépedes de color ama-

rillo brillante de Isothecium algarvicum Dix. et Nichol. La comunidad puede

considerarse básicamente uniestrata aunque la presencia de Porella platyhylla

de un aspecto biestratificado,

Composición florística : Isothecium algarvicum es una especie de carácter

mediterránco-atlántico, cuya distribución aún по es muy conocida. Con los

Source : MNHN, Paris

VEGETACION BRIOFITICA EPIFITA DE ABIES PINSAPO 23

datos actuales esta queda limitada al cono suroeste de la Península Ibérica

(GUERRA 1980). Encontrada por DIXON y NICHOLSON en el Algarve,

sobre rocas, hemos seguido el comportamiento ecológico de esta especie y en

efecto puede presentarse con tal ecología, pero siempre sobre rocas de carácter

ácido y muy colonizadas por briöfitos, prefiriendo, sin duda, el sustrato más

higrófilo de la base de los troncos, por donde el agua resbala. De cualquier

manera, las especies de Isothecium (І. myurum е Isothecium myosuroides)

TABLA 4 ANTITRICHIO CURTIPENDULAE - ISOTHECIETUM ALGARVICI ass. novo

Número de inventario ЖАТОЕТ Т ТЛ Вл C ME TET a

Superficie (да?) 12 10 15 12 12 10 16 10 16 15 4 6 15 з

Cobertura (2) (1-10) 9 10 9 10 10 10 9 10 9 9 10 9 з 9

Inclinación (9) 10 45 10 45 10 30 10 45 10 45 30 10 10 30

Altura desde el suelo (m) зое og oq о о = o и ao

Altitud (snm) (1100) 122 180154015 34.318035: 14а 3411449 32:5 E

Sustrato QF QF AO AO OF À A A A A A A

Número de especies ЕСЕ A өл

Características de asociación y alianza (Antitrichto-!sothecLetum algarvict,

Antitrichion curtipendulae):

IsothecLum olgorvicum SR К з азасы в Зі чү жы y

AntitrichLo curtipenduLo ЗА ety uo eh Bice RT ee 740 ду

Características de unidades superiores (Dicronetalia,Hypneteo cupressiformis):

RhunchostegLum confertum е тө дїр y "мем cag viue ср

Dicranum scopartum ШЕ wi c cru E

Hypnum cupressiforme

var. uncinatum BEE о A) в ee

PoreLLa pLotuphuLLo МЕК” + 2з а ти

Compañeras:

CirriphyLLum crassinervium ad тр EE TRE

HonoLothecium sericeum Zero ue xw ta sre cl ms ts t n

Pterogonium grocLle CET. ir

Radulo compLonoto me ee UMEN C. BMG i п

Metzgerto furcata a ана ЕНЕ 2257205 u

Dialyteichla mucronata e CEU мл. эы XE ub

PLoeteurhynthlum mertdtonale 20.02 + 4 2 S E

Antitrichio californica m P a A, uot т

Otras especies:Pterigynandrum filiforme 2 en 3;Leptodon smithli + en 7;Barbula unguiculata + en

i2;FruLtonLo tomorisci 1 en 12, еп 13.

Localidades

Sierra del Pinar de Grazalema (Cádiz) || 1,2,3,5,7,8,10 y 11

Sierra Bermeja de Estepona (Málaga) 4,619,12,13 y 14

Abreviaturas: QF-Quercus foglneo;AsAbles pinsapo

Source : MNHN. Paris

24 J. GUERRA

prefieren siempre este último sustrato, siendo consideradas especies de Dicra-

netalia y habiéndose descrito comunidades corticícolas cuya base florística son

ambas especies (cf. PHILIPPI 1965 y 1972). En resumen Isothecium algarvicum

es una excelente diferencial para caracterizar a esta comunidad de Antitrichion

curtipendulae del suroeste de la Península Ibérica.

Dicranum scoparium Hedw., Porella platyphylla, Hypnum cupressiforme

Hedw., var. uncinatum Boul. y Rhynchostegium confertum, caracterizan al orden

(Dicranetalia) y a la clase.

Sindinámica : La comunidad se presenta en los mismos dominios que la

Orthotricho-Neckeretum pumilae, con la cual se establece el dinamismo, sobre

todo en aquellas zonas de tránsito, base del tronco-tronco, donde llega muy

bien esta asociación y alcanzan algunas de las especies de la Antitrichio-Isothe-

cietum algarvici.

Sintaxonomía : De acuerdo con lo que hemos venido proponiendo, conside-

ramos que la alianza Antitrichion curtipendulae, a la cual pertenece esta asocia-

ción, debe ser incluida en Dicranetalia. Esta hipótesis, que nosotros comparti-

mos, fué apuntada por LECOINTE (1979). Investigaciones posteriores, como

la que en esta ocasión realizamos, han venido a confirmarla ampliamente,

Sincorología : La asociación presenta una área potencial dentro del dominio

meditarráneo ibero-atlántico, siguiendo la distribución de Isothecium algarvicum,

por la provincia corológica Gaditano-Onubo-Algarviense y parte occidental

del sector Rondeño de la Bética, donde se pone de manifiesto, Esta comunidad

podría considerarse vicariante mediterräneo-atläntica de la Antitrichietum

californicae Frey & Ochsner 1926 isothecietosum myuri Barkman 1958, de

óptimo montano-atlántico y frecuente en el centro y oeste de Europa.

ESQUEMA SINTAXONOMICO

Hypnetea cupressiformis Jezek & Vondracek 1962

(= Frullanio-Leucodontetea v. Hübschmann 1975)

Leucodontetalia v. Hübschmann 1952

Fabronion pusillae Barkman 1958

Orthotricho-Antitrichietum californicae Allorge 1935

Pterigynandro-Orthotrichetum speciosi ass. nova

Neckeretalia pumilae Barkman 1958

Ulotion crispae Barkman 1958

Orthotricho-Neckeretum ритйае ass. nova

Dicranetalia Barkman 1958

Antitrichion curtipendulae (Ochsner 1928) Barkman 1958 emend.

(= Drepanion filiformis Ochsner 1928, Isothecion Stefureac 1941 р.р.)

Antitrichio-Isothecietum algarvici ass. nova

Source : ММНМ, Paris

VEGETACION BRIOFITICA EPIFITA DE ABIES PINSAPO 25

DICRANETALIA LEUCODONTETALIA

Antitrichio = Isothecte PterLgynandro - Ortho

tum algorvici trichetum speclost

SUSTRATO HIGRO

FILIA CRECIENTE

NECKERETALIA |

а РРО ПРО онњое тсн

ATLANTICIDAD chletum californicae

CRECIENTE

Fig. 2. — Dinámica para las comunidades estudiadas.

ALTITUD CRECIENTE

tum pumiLoe

RELACION DE SINTAXONES CORMOFITICOS

MENCIONADOS EN EL TEXTO

Aceri-Quercion fagineae (Rivas Goday, Rigual et Rivas-Martinez 1959)

Rivas Martinez 1972, Fagetalia Pawlowski 1928, Junipero-Quercetum rotundi-

още Rivas-Martinez 1964, Paeonio-Abietetum pinsapo Asensi et Rivas Martinez

1976, Paeonio-Quercetum rotundifoliae Rivas-Martinez 1964, Quercetea ilicis

Br.-Bl. 1947, Quercetalia ilicis (Br.-Bl. 1936) Rivas-Martinez 1974, Quercetalia

pubescentis Br.-Bl. 1931, Quercetalia robori-petraeae Tx. 1931, Quercion fagi-

neo-suberis (Br-Bl, Pinto da Silva et Rozeira 1956) Rivas-Martinez 1975,

Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. & Vlieger 1937, Quercetum pyrenaicae nevadense Rivas

Goday & Mayor 1965, Rusco-Quercetum canariensis Rivas-Martinez 1975,

Oleo-Quercetum suberis (Rivas Goday, Galiano & Rivas-Martinez nom. nud.)

Rivas-Martinez 1980.

Especies presentes en las tablas y no incluidas en el texto : Barbula unguicu-

lata Hedw., Cirriphyllum crassinervium (Tayl) Loeske et Fleisch., Homalothe-

Source : MNHN, Paris

26 J. GUERRA

cium sericeum (Hedw.) B.S.G., Plasteurhynchium meridionale (B.S.G.) Fleisch.,

Porella arboris-vitae (With.) Grolle, Tortula laevipila (Brid.) Schwägr.

Agradecemos al profesor A. Lecointe el brindarse a comentar nuestras comunidades.

BIBLIOGRAFIA

ALLORGE P. 1935 — La végétation muscinale des Pinsapares d'Andalousie. Archiv.

Mus. Hist. Nat. 12 : 535-547.

ALLORGE Р., 1947 — Essai de Bryogéographie de la Péninsule Ibérique. Encyclop. Bio

géogr. Ecol. 1 : 1-114.

ASENSI А. & RIVAS-MARTINEZ S. 1976 — Contribución al conocimiento fitosocio-

lógico de los pinsapares de la Serrania de Ronda. Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 33 : 239-

247.

BARRIERE P. COMPS B. LETOUZEY-DULAU J. et SUIRE C., 1978 — Recherches

écologiques sur les Bryophytes des groupements forestiers du sud-ouest de la France.

Les Bryophytes de la chénaie à Quercus pubescens du Quercy septentrional et du Péri-

вога Noir. Rev. Bryol. Lichénol, 44, 1 : 53-70.

BARKMAN J.J., 1950 — Le Fabronietum pusillae et quelques autres associations épiphy-

tiques du Tessin (Suisse méridionale). Vegetatio 2, 4/5 : 309-330.

BARKMAN J.J., 1958 — Phytosociology and Ecology of cryptogamic Epiphytes. Assen.

BARKMAN J.J., 1969 — De epiphytenvegetatie van Speulder-en Sprielderbosch, de gezel-

schappen, hun milieu en successie Vergelijking met andere bossen, Mededeling van het

Biologisch Station 146 :1-12.

DUVIGNEAUD Р., 1942 — Les associations épiphytes de la Belgique. Bull. Soc. Roy.

Bot. Belgique 74 : 32-53.

GAMISANS ). & HÉBRARD J.P., 1979 — А propos de la végétation des foréts d'Épire et

de Macédoine Grecque occidentale. Doc. Phytosociol. (Lille) 4 : 289-341.

GIL J.A. & GUERRA J., 1981 — Aportaciones briosociológicas ibéricas. I. Comunidades

epifitas de las Sierras de Algeciras. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 37, 2 : 703-719.

GUERRA J., 1980 — Nota briologica. I. Trab. Monogr. Dep. Bot. Malaga 1 : 29-36.

HÜBSCHMANN A.v., 1952 — Zwei epiphytische Moosgesellschaften Norddeutschlands

Mitt. Florist-Soziol. Arbeitsgem. N.F. 3 :97-107.

HÜBSCHMANN А. v..1967 — Über die Moosgesellschaften und das Vorkommen der Moose

in den übrigen Pflanzengesellschaften des Moseltales. Schriftenreihe Vegetationskunde

163-121.

HÜBSCHMANN A.v., 1970 — Über die Verbreitung einiger seltener Laubmoose in nord-

westdeutschen Pflanzengesellschaften. Herzogia 2 : 63-75.

HUBSCHMANN AA. 1971 — Bryosoziologische Studien auf der Insel Madeira. Nova

Hedwigia 22 : 423-467.

LECOINTE A., 1975 — Étude phytosociologique des groupements de bryophytes épiphytes

de la Brenne (Indre - France). Dac. Phytosociol. (Lille) 9/14 : 165-195.

Source - MNHN, Paris

VEGETACION BRIOFITICA EPIFITA DE ABIES PINSAPO 27

LECOINTE A., 1976 — Un groupement bryo-épiphytique subordonné aux zones inon-

dables : le Tortuletum latifoliae. Colloques Phytosociol. (Lille) 5 : 141-151.

LECOINTE A., 1979 — Le Microlejeuneo-Ulotetum bruchi et l'Isothecio myosuroidis-

Neckeretum pumilae, nouvelles bryo-associations épiphytiques dans le Massif Armoricain

(France). Doc. Phytosociol. (Lille) n.s, 4 : 597-613.

PHILIPPI G., 1965 — Die Moosgesellschaften der Wutachschlucht. Mitt. Bad. Landesvereins

Naturk. Naturschutz Freiburg. М.Е. 8, 4 : 625-668.

PHILIPPI G., 1972 — Die Moosvegetation der Wälder in der Rheinaue zwischen Basel

und Mannheim. Beitr. Naturk. Forsch. Südwestdeutschl. 31 : 5-64.

RIVAS-MARTINEZ S., 1974 — La vegetación de la clase Quercetea ilicis en Espana y

Portugal. Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 31, 2 : 205-259.

SJÖGREN E., 1961 — Epiphytische Moosvegetation in Laubwäldern der Insel Oland

(Schweden). Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 44: 1-149.

WALTHER K., 1979 — Die epiphytischen Moosgesellschaften des Nif Dag bei Izmir,

Westanatolien. Doc. Phytosociol. (Lille) n. s., 4 :943-950.

Source : ММНМ. Paris

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UNE NOUVELLE ESPÈCE POUR LE GENRE JOVETASTELLA :

J. AURANTIA

P.TIXIER *

SUMMARY. — The author gives the description of a second species of the genus Jovetastel-

la : J. aurantia Р. Tx.

En 1974, l'auteur a donné la description d'un nouveau genre, Jovetastella, et

de l'espèce J. paniensis, recueillie au Mont Panié au nord de la Nouvelle-Calédo-

nie. R. GROLLE, en 1975, a, d'ailleurs, contesté la validité du genre. Gráce aux

récoltes systématiques de H.S. Mac Kee, nous avons pu identifier une espéce

nouvelle provenant de la forêt de crête au-dessus de Thio, dans le sud de l'ile.

JOVETASTELLA AURANTIA P. Tx. sp. nov.

Planta media, luteo-viridis, ad substratum appressa. Caules regulariter ramosi,

habitu Frullaniacearum, usque ad 1,5 ст longi, 70 ит crassi, cum foliis 2 mm

lati. Folia sub angulo 70? inserta inter seque 0,3 mm distantia, rhizoideis paucis

hyalinisque. Cellulae cum trigonis incrassionibusque intermediis, cellulae margi-

nales isodiametricae, 10-15 um, cellulae basales usque ad 50 x 30 um; sectione

caulis una cellula media, quinque cellulis externis, parietibus crassis, duris,

aureis. Lobus caulem. tegens, reniformis, rotundatus ad apicem, 1 mm longus,

0,6 mm latus. Lobulus saccatus, paulatim inflatus 0,5 mm longus, 0,2 mm latus,

truncatus, ad apicem cum tribus dentibus. Dens prae-apicalis mediocris, dens

apicalis duobus cellulis, dens media similis. Рарійа hyalina ovalis, ad basin

dentis mediae. Basis lobuli cum stylo alato, 9 ordinibus cellularum longo, 4

lato, plus aut minus rotundato. Planta dioica, flores masculi multi, laterales,

0,3 mm alti, 2 jugis bractearum diandris.

Échantillon examiné : Nouvelle-Calédonie, Thio, créte de Nembrou-To

Ndeu, 13. 1.1981, Mac Kee 38608.

* Laboratoire de Cryptogamie du М.М.Н.М., 12 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris & Laboratoire de

Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Paris XII, 94010, Créteil Cedex.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1982, 3, 1 : 29-31.

Source : MNHN. Paris

oy 1

Y Te Г

ста :

С века S 4%

Hae Ze

> d

JOVETASTELLA AURANTIA 31

Plante moyenne, jaunátre, épiphyte. Tiges à ramification du type Frullania,

longues jusqu'à 1,5 ст, épaisses de 70 ит, larges avec les feuilles de 2 mm.

Feuilles insérées sous un angle de 70° et distantes entre elles de 0,3 mm. Cellu-

les à trigones et épaississements intermédiaires trés apparents dans la base de

la feuille, cellules du bord de la feuille de 15 x 20 ит, cellules de la base jus-

qu'à 30 x 50 ит. Coupe de la tige du type Cololejeunea, à une seule cellule

centrale, cellules à parois cutinisées, de couleur orangée. Lobe recouvrant la

tige, réniforme, arrondi au sommet, long de 1 mm, large de 0,5 mm. Lobule

en sac, légèrement gonflé, atteignant la moitié de la longueur du lobe, long

de 0,5 mm, large de 0,2 mm, tronqué au sommet et à trois dents. Dent pré-

apicale, petite et peu visible, dent apicale et dent médiane à deux cellules.

Papille hyaline ovale, à la base de la dent médiane, longue de 15 um. Style

ailé à la base du lobule, long de 100 um et arrondi au sommet. Plante dioïque.

Inflorescences mâles nombreuses, latérales, hautes de 0,5 mm et à trois étages

de bractées diandres.

Cette découverte a permis à l'auteur de préciser un certain nombre de points

sur le genre : ramification du type Frullania et section de la tige assez spéciale

bien qu'appartenant au type Cololejeunea. Ces caractéristiques sont en faveur

de la conservation du genre en l'incluant, bien entendu, dans les Cololejeunéoi-

dées.

L'auteur n'insistera pas sur la valeur morphologique et phylogénique du style

en aile ou en cil. Pour Іші la sous-famille concernée a une origine polyphylé-

tique avec une anagénése qui conduit aux Aphyllae et des cladogénéses qui

restent à préciser; il demeure probable que la valeur du style n'est pas la méme

dans tous les cas. Rappelons qu'en 1974, l'auteur a précisé que, dans le sous-

genre Chondriolejeunea, le lobule de la feuille et le style foliacé étaient soudes

et correspondaient pratiquement à un organe unique.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

GROLLE R., 1975 — Miscellanea hepaticologica 141-150. J. Bryol. 8 : 483-492.

SCHUSTER К.М. & INOUE H., 1974 - Cololejeunea subgen. Chlorolejeunea Ben. in

Japan. Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 17, 3 : 233-258.

TIXIER P., 1973 — Contribution to the knowledge of genus Cololejeunea in South East

Asia. II - Some new species. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 34, 5-4 : 448-450.

TIXIER P. 1974 — Jovetastella (Lejeuneaceae, Paradoxae) genre nouveau. Rev. Bryol.

Lichénol. «1973» 1974, 39, 4 : 661-663.

TIXIER P., 1975 — Lejeunéologie : la notion du nœud foliaire chez le genre Cololejeunea

Schiffn, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Afrique Nord 66, 1-2 : 87-91.

TIXIER P., 1976 — Le nocud foliaire chez le genre Cololejeunea. 11. - Organisation interne,

Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Afrique Nord 67, 3-4 : 43-48.

Source : ММНМ Paris

UREASE ACTIVITY IN PELTIGERA CANINA (L.) WILLD.

D.H. BROWN*, C. VICENTE**, and E. LEGAZ**

SUMMARY. — Urease activity has been quantitatively demonstrated in field-grown Peltigera

canina. In the presence of urea, urease activity was found to increase in the light and decrea-

se in the dark while in the absence of urea activity decreased in both the light and the

dark. The possible reasons for these changes are discussed.

INTRODUCTION

The results of qualitative surveys of urease activity in a number of lichens

have proved to be variable and unreproducible (GALINOU 1954, MOISSEJEVA

1961). Quantative investigations of green algal-containing lichens e.g. Cladonia

verticillaris (VICENTE & XAVIER FILHO 1979),Evernia prunastri (CIFUEN-

TES, ESTEVEZ & VICENTE 1981; ESTEVEZ & VICENTE 1976), Lobaria

pulmonaria (VICENTE, PALASI & ESTEVEZ 1978) and Parmelia roystonea

(XAVIER FILHO & VICENTE 1978), have demonstrated that while urease was

absent from field-grown material a substantial increase in the quantity of this

enzyme occurred in response to the addition of urea later followed by a decline

in activity. It is therefore possible that variability in the qualitative work may

have been due to different degrees of enzyme induction occurring during the

assay period. The decline in urease activity, following prolonged incubation in

the presence of urea, has been attributed to inactivation of the enzyme by its

combination with lichen substances, as has been shown with purified urease in

vitro (VICENTE, GUERRA & VALLE 1974; VICENTE, AZPIROZ, ESTEVEZ

& GONZALEZ 1978).

Peltigera canina was chosen for the present investigation on urease activity

because there is no previous quantitative work on this enzyme in lichens contai-

ning a blue-green rather than a green phycobiont and the nature and amount of

lichen substances reported in this species (CULBERSON 1969 & 1970; CUL-

BERSON, CULBERSON & JOHNSON 1977) are significantly different from

those of previously investigated green algal-containing species. Urease activity

* Department of Botany, The University, Bristol BS8,1UG, England.

** Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 3,

Spain.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1982, 3, 1 :33-38.

Source : MNHN, Paris

34 D.H. BROWN, C, VICENTE, and E. LEGAZ

has been qualitatively demonstrated in this species (GALINOU 1954, MOIS-

SEJEVA 1961). CULBERSON (1970) misquoted MASSE (1969) as reporting

the absence of urease in Peltigera canina; the latter author's work referred to a

different enzyme, namely uricase.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Peltigera canica was collected from moss covered rocks at Montejo de la

Sierra (Madrid) and stored moist in polythene bags under normal laboratory

illumination and temperatures.

Samples (c.l. 5 g fresh weight) of thoroughly washed thalli were incubated in

25 ml of 40 mM urea in 75 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.9, in the dark or light

(12,000 erg ст”? sec!) at 26°C for specified times. The sample was then wa-

shed at least 3 times with distilled water, macerated in 10 ml 75 mM phosphate

buffer (pH 6.9), centrifuged at 27,000 x g for 20 mn at 4°C and the supernatant

filtered through Millipore GS filter with 0.22 um diameter pores. Urease activity

in the filtrate was assayed in duplicate by the method of CONWAY (1957).

The protein content of the filtrate was estimated by the POTTY (1969)

modification of the LOWRY et al. (1951) method following precipitation and

resuspension of the protein according to STEWART (1972).

RESULTS

Fig. 1 shows that Peltigera canina contains urease before the addition of urea

in the laboratory. The addition of urea in the dark did not lead to a marked

ж 0.08

mg protein

p moles NH,

Hours

Fig. 1. — Changes in urease activity in Peltigera canina with time of incubation with added `

urea in the light —О— or dark ——.

Source : MNHN. Paris

UREASE ACTIVITY IN PELTIGERA CANINA 35

increase in urease activity, unlike green algal-containing lichens, and within 9

hours activity was reduced to zero. In the light there was some increase (8596) in

urease activity which was maintained for at least 13.5 hours. This increase in

urease activity occurred at high and low light intensities (Tab. 1) in the presence

of urea.

Incubation of material in the light at 26°C in either water, phosphate buffer

or after allowing the material to air dry in the light at 26°C resulted in a decline

in recovered urease (Tab. 2) or occasionally even the complete loss of activity.

When material incubated in water for 13 hours in either the light or dark was

subsequently treated for 6 hours with urea in the light or dark, no urease activity

was detected in the dark-pretreated material. Activity was only observed in

material incubated in the light throughout the experiment; a light pretreatment

followed by darkness during urea addition failed to show urease activity (Tab.

3).

Tab.l, - Effect of illumination on urease activity in

Peltigera canina.

Treatment:- 7 hours * urea.

Urease activity

ln: u moles NH,'mg protein min!

Original 0.041

Dark 0.042

Low light intensity (7,000 erg cm ^sec^! 0.070

High light intensity (12,000 erg cm sec" 0.087

DISCUSSION

The present investigation has quantitatively demonstrated the presence of

urease in the blue-green algal containing lichen Peltigera canina obtained from

the field (Fig. 1). This agrees with the qualitative reports of GALINOU (1954)

and MOISSEJEVA (1961) but is unlike the previously studied green algal-

containing species where no measurable activity has been found in untreated

material derived from the field (ESTEVEZ & VICENTE 1976; VICENTE,

PALASI & ESTEVEZ 1978; VICENTE & XAVIER FILHO 1979; XAVIER

FILHO & VICENTE 1978). Green algal-containing lichens appear to contain

an inducible urease, the formation of which is'sensitive to inhibitors of proca-

гуойс and eucaryotic protein synthesis. Although in Peltigera canina urease

Source : MNHN. Paris

36 D.H. BROWN, С. VICENTE, and E. LEGAZ

Tab.2. - Effect of illumination in the absence of urea on urease

activity in Peltigera canina. Treatment:- 13 hours,

12,000 erg cm "secl, 26°C - urea

Urease activity

SUP y moles NH,'mg protein тіні

Original 0.041

Distilled water 0.017

Phosphate buffer (75mM) 0.012

Dry 0.015

increased in the presence of urea and light (Fig. 1), the absence of any change in

the dark indicates that under the latter conditions either protein synthesis

cannot occur or that light may cause some change in the expression of urease

activity due to changes in preformed enzyme molecules.

LEGAZ & VICENTE (1981) have shown that, on a specific activity basis,

the phycobiont of Evernia prunastri has a higher urease activity than the myco-

biont. Photosynthetic reactions could therefore have a relatively direct effect

on this enzyme. It is suggested that in Peltigera canina illumination may result,

by photoreductive processes, in a more reducing intracellular environment there

by permitting the extraction of more active, reduced, urease molecules. Tab. 3

indicates that light must be present during incubation in urea in order to show

urease activity. CIFUENTES, ESTEVEZ & VICENTE (1981) have shown

that the addition of dithiothreitol to Evernia prunastri under inducing condi-

tions, increase the urease activity assayed in extracts.

Loss of urease activity on prolonged incubation is superficially similar to that

observed im green algal-containing lichens. However we have been unable to

demonstrate any measurable increase in the concentration of phenolic lichen

substances in acetone extracts, analysed by HPLC, from the barely detectable

initial values in field grown Peltigera canina. This is unlike the observations

made on green algal-containing lichens where increases in fumarprotocetraric

acid has been shown in Cladonia verticillaris (VICENTE & XAVIER FILHO

1979), general phenolic substances in Lobaria pulmonaria (VINCENTE, PALASI

& ESTEVEZ 1978) and a complex pattern of changes observed in lecanorit

acid, caperatic acid and atranorin in Parmelia roystonea (XAVIER FILHO &

VICENTE 1978). In Peltigera canina it is not therefore possible to conclude

that loss of urease activity is the result of complex formation between lichen

substances and urease molecules as has previously been suggested for green

Source : MNHN, Paris

UREASE ACTIVITY IN PELTIGERA CANINA 37

Tab.3. - Effect of illumination during pretreatment ( - urea)

or treatment (* urea) on urease activity in Peltigera

canina.

Pretreatment Treatment Urease activity*

13 hours 6 hours y moles NH, mg protein ішіпті

Light Light * 0.109

Dark - 0.041

Dark Light - 0.006

Dark - 0.009

* Values are the changes in urease activity during the 6 hour

* urea treatment.

algal-containing lichens. It is more likely that the high incubation temperature,

presumed to be above that normally experienced by fully-hydrated Peltigera

canina in the field, may have caused thermally induced changes in cell meta-

bolism and, directly or indirectly, in the urease molecule leading to loss of

urease activity. As they are the only conditions in which activity is maintained

in prolonged periods of incubation at 26°C, the presence of the substrate and

light (high reductant supply) may therefore protect the activity, and probably

the configuration, of the urease molecule.

It is difficult to make quantitative comparisons between the urease activities

quoted in the literature and the present data. This is because activity is expres-

sed on a protein weight basis and a) extracts of Peltigera canina contain large

quantities of proteinaceous phycobilin pigments derived from the blue-green

algae and b) a variety of protein estimation techniques have been previously

employed. The POTTY modification of the LOWRY et al. method was used

here as this corrects for the presence of phenolic compounds which otherwise

give inaccurately high protein estimates. However, the low levels of phenolic

substances in Peltigera canina extracts made such correction of lesser impor-

tance in this species compared to phenolic-rich green algal-containing lichens.

Thus the ratio of absorption due to protein and phenolics to phenolics alone

showed values of 2.56 + 0.28 with Peltigera сапіпа, 1.35 € 0.26 with Evernia

prunastri (S. Rapsch. unpublished data) and 3.81 + 0.41 for pure serum albumin.

Source : MNHN, Paris

38 DH. BROWN, С. VICENTE, and E. LEGAZ

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. — D.H. Brown is grateful for financial assistance from The

Royal Society (London), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Madrid) and the

Universidad Complutense (Madrid).

REFERENCES

CIFUENTES B. ESTEVEZ M.P., VICENTE C. 1981,— In vivo protection of urease

of Evernia prunastri by dithiothreitol. Physiol. Pl. (Copenhagen) 53 : 245-248.

CONWAY E.J., 1957 — Microdiffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error. London, Crosby

Lockwood.

CULBERSON C.F., 1969 — Chemical and Botanical Guide to Lichen Products. Chapel

Hill, University of North Carolina Press.

CULBERSON C.F., 1970 Supplement to «Chemical and Botanical Guide to Lichen

Products». Bryologist 73 :177-377.

CULBERSON C.F., CULBERSON W.L., JOHNSON А., 1977 — Second Supplement to

«Chemical and Botanical Guide to Lichen Products». St. Louis, American Bryological

and Lichenological Society.

ESTEVEZ М.Р., VICENTE С., 1976 — Mecanismos de Regulacion de Ureasa en Evernia

prunastri. IL. Reunion Sociedad Española Fisiologia Vegetal, Abstracts 3 : 24.

GALINOU M.A., 1954 —Sur la mise en évidence de quelques biocatalyseurs chez les

lichens. Compt. Rend. Séances et Commun. VIII Congrés, Int. Bot. Paris, Sect. 18 : 2-4.

LEGAZ E., VICENTE С., 1981 — Localization of several enzymes of L-arginine catabolism

іп Evernia prunastri. 2. Naturforsch. 36c : 692-693.

LOWRY O.H., ROSEBROUGH М.)., FARR A.L., RANDALL R.J., 1951 — Protein measu-

rement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem, 193 : 265-275.

MASSE L., 1969 — Quelques aspects de Puricolyse enzymatique chez les Lichens. Compt.

Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci., Sér. D. 268 : 2896-2898.

MOISSEJEVA E.N., 1961 — Biochemical properties of lichens and their practical ітрог-

tance. Moscow-Leningrad, Akad. Nauk SSSR Bot, Inst. V.L. Komarova.

POTTY V.H., 1969 — Determination of proteins in the presence of phenols and pectins.

Analytical Biochem. 29 : 535-539.

STEWART G.R., 1972 — The regulation of nitrate reductase level in Lemna minor. J. Exp.

Bot. 23 :171-183.

VICENTE C. AZPIROZ А. ESTEVEZ M.P., GONZALEZ M.L., 1978 - Quaternary

structure changes and kinetics of urease inactivation by L-usnic acid in relation to the

regulation of nutrient transfer between lichen symbionts. Plant, Сей Environ. 1 : 29-33.

VICENTE С., GUERRA H., VALLE М.Т., 1974 — Formas inactivas de ureasa, de alto

peso molecular, producidas por L-usnato sodico, Revista Esp. Fisiol. 30 : 1-4.

VICENTE C., PALASI M., ESTEVEZ M.P., 1978 — Urease regulation mechanisms in Loba-

ria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 44 : 83-89.

VICENTE C., XAVIER FILHO L., 1979 — Urease regulation in Cladonia verticillaris (Rad-

di) Fr, Phyton (Buenos Aires) 37 : 137-144.

XAVIER FILHO L., VICENTE C., 1978 — Exo- and endourease from Parmelia roystonea

and their regulation by lichen acids. Bol. Soc. Brot, Ser. 2, 52 : 51-65.

Source : MNHN, Paris:

SPORE LIBERATION IN MOSSES.

1. Problems and perspectives of wind tunnel experiments

C. DELGADILLO and E. PÉREZ-BANDÍN *

SUMMARY. — Spore liberation in mosses is discussed on the hypothetical basis that there

is strong correlation between sporophyte morphology and pattern of spore release by wind

action. The peristome and the position, attitude and shape of the capsule are regarded as

devices which regulate spore discharge in mosses. The seta and gametophyte participate in

liberating spores in turbulent air.

Preliminary tests with a low speed wind tunnel indicate that spore liberation can be dealt

with by understanding the aerodynamic behavior of the sporophyte. However, refinement

of spore trapping and counting techniques is necessary for а better comprehension of spore

discharge in mosses. In addition, careful selection of botanical materials and knowledge of

number of spores per capsule and local maturation times should supplement further experi-

mentation.

INTRODUCTION

Spore dispersal in mosses has been the subject of observation and conside-

rable speculation for a long time. HUTTON (1874) was among the first to dis-

cuss sporophyte behavior during spore liberation. Later, INGOLD (1939, 1959,

1965, 1974), PATTERSON (1953), KHANNA (1964), MUELLER (1973),

CRUM (1977) and others described the mechanism of spore discharge in mosses

with emphasis on the role of the peristome.

Besides the description of the process, there has been much discussion on the

geographical significance of dispersal in terms of colonization of remote areas

and establishment of certain geographical patterns (с. в. PERSSON 1944, LA-

ZARENKO 1958, CRUM 1972, SCHOFIELD & CRUM 1972, IWATSUKI

1972, DELGADILLO 1975). While there are strong arguments in favor of or

against long distance dispersal, it is generally agreed that this is a rare event

which depends on meteorological conditions, ecological factors and viability

of the spores. Up to now there has been little experimental evidence in support

* Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Biologia, U.N.A.M., Apartado Postal 70-233,

México 20, D.F. and Comisión de Aguas del Valle de México, Balderas 55, 3er Piso, México

1,D.F, MEXICO.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1982, 3, 1 : 39-49.

Source : MNHN, Paris

40 C. DELGADILLO and E, PEREZ-BANDIN

of these ideas although recently VAN ZANTEN (1976, 1977, 1978) initiated

studies in which spores of various moss species were placed under different

conditions to simulate those of air currents.

In view of the paucity of knowledge concerning dispersal we began experi-

ments dealing with some aspects of this process. For the purpose of study

we regarded spore dispersal as a process that consisted of three events, namely,

liberation, transport and establishment. In this paper we introduce the theore-

tical background of our experiments and the methods thus far employed in the

study of spore liberation, We emphasize the problems encountered in the experi-

mental set-up and in the selection of Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. as research

material. The results will be the subject-matter of forthcoming contributions.

SPORE LIBERATION IN MOSSES

Spore liberation in mosses has been described for several genera. In Andreaea

spore discharge takes place through lateral openings of the capsule. The hygro-

scopic valves spread apart in dry weather and allow the wind to release the

spores. In Sphagnum, on the other hand, there із an explosive discharge of the

spores due to increasing pressure in an air sac developed under the spore sac,

a pressure caused by the contracting walls in the maturing capsule (INGOLD

1939). In Splachnaceous mosses, certain insects are attracted by volatile sub-

stances released from well-developed and bright-colored hypophyses. Insect

activity on the capsule may permit spore attachment to the insect body and

insure adequate transport to other areas (BEQUAERT 1921, GROUT 1926,

ERLANSON 1930, CRUM et al. 1972, KOPONEN & KOPONEN 1977, PYY-

SALO et al. 1978).

Little else is known of spore release mechanisms other than the examples

cited above and those in which the peristome has some participation. it is

possible that in many mosses spore discharge depends on mechanical stimula-

tion by wind or water (cf. VAN ZANTEN 1973). Gravity may be important

in mosses with nodding capsules while in cleistocarpous mosses such as Archi-

dium and Ephemerum, decomposition of the capsule wall is necessary for the

release of spores.

A basic question behind the experiments described in this paper concerns

the relation between shape and structure of gametophyte and sporophyte

and spore liberation by wind. We propose here that the shape and structure

of the moss plant are essentially regulatory mechanisms of spore discharge.

The following discussion may clarify this point.

Several authors have shown that cup-shaped structures are efficient in pro-

pagule liberation Бу wind or water (cf. BRODIE 1951, 1952, 1956; BRODIE

& GREGORY 1952, BULLER 1942). Cup-shaped structures are known from

several plant groups but in all of them there are several features in common :

walls at 60-70° from the horizontal, circular openings ca. 5-7 mm in diameter,

broad base and lenticular propagules (BRODIE 1951). Cup-shaped structures

Source : MNHN. Paris

EXPERIMENTS ON SPORE LIBERATION IN MOSSES 4

are also known to act in the dispersal of sexual cells in mosses (CLAYTON-

GREENE et al. 1977, REYNOLDS 1980, WYATT 1977). Structures that

deviate from this general shape are less efficient as demonstrated by research

with glass vessels placed under different wind speeds (BRODIE & GREGORY

1952). Since with few exceptions moss capsules lack the characteristics cited

above, it is reasonable to suppose that spherical, prismatic, ovoid and cylindrical

capsules have evolved in response to pressures to regulate spore discharge.

The behavior of the peristome has been discussed by HUTTON (1874),

GROUT (1903), INGOLD (1939, 1959, 1965), PATTERSON (1953), KHANNA

(1964), MUELLER (1973) and WATSON (1971), among others. While in some

mosses the peristome may actively promote spore liberation through hygrosco-

pic movements, its presence basically provides a mechanism for gradual release

of spores. Thus, shape, position, attitude and aerodynamic behavior of the

capsule along with the peristome are here regarded as the main devices for

regulation of spore discharge in mosses.

Other sporophyte structures, such as the columella and operculum, can also

exert control on spore discharge. According to HUTTON (1874), in some

mosses the operculum can be raised or lowered by activity of the columella,

thus opening or closing the capsule mouth. In species of Polytrichaceae the

columella is distally expanded into a membrane (epiphragm) which nearly

closes the mouth. The spores are shed in dry weather through small pores loca-

ted between the peristome teeth and the epiphragm (HUTTON 1874, GROUT

1903). In Calymperes spore discharge is known to be regulated by the com-

bined action of the operculum and the calyptra (EDWARDS 1980).

The gametophyte and seta may influence the rate of spore discharge in mos-

ses. Theoretically, they place the capsule above the stagnant layers of air that

overlie the substrate. Tall gametophytes and setae should have relatively better

potential than short ones for liberating the spores beyond the influence of the

parent plant. Besides, the oscillation of the seta (and gametophyte) may poten-

tially increase the rate of spore release under strong mechanical stimuli. Epi-

phytic mosses with exserted sporophytes may thus have dispersal potentials

larger than those of non-epiphytic mosses.

So far we have discussed the influence of sporophyte structures on spore

release based on observation and indirect evidence. However, other aspects of

spore dispersal can only be resolved through the experimental approach. Thus,

for instance, the efficiency of spore liberation in mosses with cylindrical capsules

relative to those with spherical or prismatic capsules, or the combined effect

of short setae, short peristome and spherical capsule should be investigated

under controlled conditions. Individual structures or combinations of several

sporophytic characteristics should be tested under different conditions for

comparison among species and to propose explanations of sporophyte behavior

during spore dispersal. Through this approach we may derive information on

the adaptive value of. sporophyte structures and perhaps explain many present-

day distributional patterns in mosses.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Po Ree o

| | par ore 9 = a

| гост

куамуя-тямча "я Pur отпауотаа ‘о

Fig. 1. — Low speed wind tunnel for experiments on spore liberation in mosses. 1. Bell-shaped intake. 2-3. Position of PVC bars.

4, Aluminum bridles. 5. Support. 6. Side window. 7. Specimen holder. 8. Bolts. 9. Cushion. 10. Fan.

11, 13. Air injecting hose and funnel. 12. Motor. 14. Motor base. 15. Sliding window.

Source : MNHN. Paris.

EXPERIMENTS ON SPORE LIBERATION IN MOSSES 43

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In order to develop adequate techniques of study and investigate aspects of

sporophyte behavior during spore dispersal we conducted preliminary experi-

ments in a wind tunnel (Fig. 1) constructed at the National University of Mexi-

co. This was designed for unobstructed flow between 1-10 m/sec and was modi-

fied from a model described by GREGORY (1951). According to the terminolo-

gy of VOGEL (1969), our tunnel is best described as an open circuit, closed-

throat, low speed wind tunnel.

Our tunnel consists of four cylindrical sections, each 40 cm long and with

an inner diameter of 18.5 cm. The walls are made of transparent acrylic resin

5 mm thick; each section is joined to the adjacent one by aluminum bridles and

bolts. The tube of the tunnel thus formed is placed on the work bench and held

by three individual supports.

Section 1 (Fig. 1, 2) holds a bell-shaped intake nearly 20 cm long and 30 cm

in its major diameter. At 9.5 and 5.5 cm from the junction with the following

unit, section 1 has points for insertion of two bar sets made of polyvinyl chlo-

ride, PVC, to create turbulent flow within the tunnel. Each set consists of five

individual bars which are perpendicular to those of the other set (Fig. 2); each

bar has a square section of 1 x 1 cm,

Section 2 is equipped with a prehensile mechanism to hold the moss specimen

in place and a side window for its manipulation.

Section 3 is the spore trapping section and has no special feature; section 4

has two sets of PVC bars near the junction with section 3 and is joined to the

Fig. 2. — Sectjep of the wind tunnel showing position of PVC bars.

Source : MNHN, Paris

44 C. DELGADILLO and E. PÉREZ-BANDÍN

fan compartment by means of a latex strip. This set of bars cause additional

turbulence.

The tunnel is provided with an air-moving mechanism consisting of two parts.

The first is a circular compartment for the fan which opens laterally by a sliding

window that regulates air flow. The second part is a. 1/2 HP Motor (Essex) for

fan rotation. Since the motor creates undesirable vibration, it is placed on a

polystyrene-foam rubber cushion. A similar cushion is placed under the tunnel

tube.

The air flows from the bellshaped intake and escapes through the sliding

window of the fan compartment. Because of the shape of the intake, the air

is accelerated into the tunnel tube with some turbulence. In addition, friction

against walls and the presence of any object within the tunnel can produce

important flow differences along the tube. In order to obtain at least partly

streamline flow, a wire screen was placed at the intake, between sections 1-2,

and another between sections 3-4 of the tube (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. — Position of a wire screen.

Flow was measured with a hot wire anemometer (Mod. W 141-A, Weather-

measure Corporation, Sacramento, California) and the spores were trapped at

35 cm from source in the center of the tunnel. Spore traps were conventional

25x 75 mm microscope slides held by a small podium and partly covered with

glycerine jelly. These were placed against the air flow at ап angle ої 459 from

the horizontal.

In order to illustrate the use of the wind tunnel mature sporophytes of

Polytrichum juniperinum were tested. These had shed the operculum but still

contained loose spores within the urn. The epiphragm was then discarded but

the capsule was left otherwise unmodified. Twenty-four sporophytes were

tested under streamline and turbulent air flow and with long or short setae.

Sporophytes tested as long setae (ca. 5 ст) were excised slightly below the

junction with the gametophyte to allow for attachment within the tunnel;

Source : MNHN, Paris

EXPERIMENTS ON SPORE LIBERATION IN MOSSES 45

sporophytes tested as short setae were 2 cm long from the base of the cap-

sule to the point of attachment in the tunnel. All tests were performed at a

wind velocity of 6 m/sec with an exposure time of 15 minutes per sporophyte.

Presence of spores was determined within an area of 15x 1 mm along the

leading edge of the trap. The tunnel was cleaned with alcohol and treated with

a commercial antistatic before the experiments to prevent spore deposition on

the walls,

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Wind tunnel experiments are advantageous in understanding sporophyte

behavior during spore dispersal in that they can provide objective means of

comparison among species. However, reliable data can only be obtained with

some knowledge of the technical difficulties that can be encountered in the

experiments. Among the problems first discovered in our studies was that of.

vibration transmitted to the tunnel tube through the work bench. Ideally, the

motor and the tube should rest on two different tables, as has been done by

GREGORY (1951). For the preliminary trials we have opted for a polystyrene-

foam rubber cushion. Vibration transmitted through the junction between the

fan compartment and the tube has been diminished to a great extent by using

a latex strip. Undue vibration may result in rapid release of spores, especially

in sporophytes with nodding capsules.

Complete streamline flow cannot be obtained by placing wire screens within

the tunnel, but these have considerably reduced the turbulence generated in

their absence. Besides, the use of wire screens is advantageous in experiments

requiring high wind velocities because interference is at a minimum. Filters

or other materials reduce flow and may demand high-powered motors to attain

similar air-speeds.

There are several trapping devices used for pollen and spores that were consi-

dered for our studies. Among the different traps described in the literature

are simple microscope slides coated with an adhesive substance. Under investi-

gation, these have shown that their efficiency varies with presentation angle

and wind velocity and that at various angles there is strong spore accumulation

along the leading edge (GREGORY & STEDMAN 1953). In spite of this, we

have chosen to utilize them because they represent a simple mechanism for

sampling and counting of spores. In addition, planned research require relative

measures for comparison of sporophytes exposed at a single wind speed for

which other types of traps are unnecessary. If comparison of results for diffe-

rent wind speeds is required, it can probably be achieved by isokinetic sampling

from outside the tunnel or by means of a Cascade Impactor (MAY 1945) ої

convenient size for inclusion within the tunnel, The efficiency of traps descri-

bed in the literature is variable and further experimentation is required to

adapt them to conditions of a small wind tunnel. Characteristics and advan-

tages of various traps have been discussed by GREGORY (1961), GREGORY

et al. (1961), INGOLD (1971) and OGDEN et al. (1974).

Source : MNHN, Paris

46 C. DELGADILLO and Е. PÉREZ-BANDÍN

A critical point in our experiments on spore liberation concerned selection

of botanical material. It would be desirable to obtain mature undehisced sporo-

phytes in sufficient numbers to allow continuous testing through the entire

range of experimental conditions. Also, the sporophytes should have a narrow

range of variation in terms of general structure and number of spores per cap-

sule.Obviously, working material with these characteristics is difficult to obtain.

In Polytrichum juniperinum, local populations seem to have few mature sporo-

phytes with intact opercula at one time; in addition, local maturation times are

not well known and capsule position and seta length are variable within a given

population. We have observed erect, horizontal or pendulous capsules whose

setae measure around 5cm. GROUT (1928-1940), however, has reported

lengths of setae between 2-11 cm for P. juniperinum in North America.

Because of the variability and reduced number of sporophytes available,

it seems that wind tunnel experiments should be preceded by extensive collec-

ting of mature sporophytes or greenhouse culture of plants of P. juniperinum

with unripe capsules. Selection of dehisced mature capsules may not be satis-

factory, as many of the spores are lost in the field or through transport and

handling in the laboratory. Likewise, if seemingly mature capsules with unshed

opercula are forced open, they may be unsuitable for testing because the spores

may still be immature and aggregated within. The use of chemicals to promote

dehiscence is not advisable as these have negative effects on capsule wall and

peristome (cf. LAURIDSEN 1972).

TABLE l. Examples of possible combinations of treatments for experiments on spore

liberation in mosses using a low speed wind tunnel.

FLOW TYPES OF MOSS SPOROPHYTES

Short setae | With peristome | Peristome single | Capsule

Low speed cylindrical

Long setae | но peristome | Peristome double

Turbulent spherical

prismatic

High speed| .

Additional difficulties in selecting experimental materials refer to the num-

ber of spores per capsule. It seems that even in undisturbed capsules the number

of spores shows considerable variation within the same species (cf. DURING

1979, INGOLD 1959). Because of this, it becomes necessary to determine local

maturation times and mean spore set per species. To get around these difficulties

it has been suggested to provide the capsules of P. juniperinum with a standard

charge of spores. Despite the apparent advantages of this procedure, at present

a reliable and convenient technique to insert spores within the spore sac is

unavailable.

Source : MNHN, Paris

EXPERIMENTS ON SPORE LIBERATION IN MOSSES 47

Tests performed to illustrate the use of the wind tunnel have not taken into

account attitude, position or mean spore set in Р. juniperinum and the number

of spores captured on slides has been very variablé. However, it is important to

note that regardless of treatment, spores were recovered from each of the

twenty-four sporophytes tested; despite the removal of the epiphragm and a

15-minute exposure to wind velocities of 6 m/sec, the sporophytes still retained

a large number of spores which were evident by subsequent mechanical stimula-

tion. Other observations indicate that long setae are capable of oscillation in

turbulent and streamline flow at 6 m/sec, but visible oscillation of short setae

was only apparent under turbulent conditions.

TABLE 2. Wind tunnel experiments on spore liberation in Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw.

Number of spores trapped in area of 15 x 1 mm at 35 cm from source and wind speed of

6 m/sec. Each tríal represents one sporophyte, i.e., 24 sporophytes were tested.

* = some spores were aggregated.

SPOROPHYTE FLOW NUMBER OF SPORES / TRIAL TOTAL

Streamline 208 237 100 95 42 39 721

Long seta

Turbulent 452 283 13 в в 7 771

Streamline 224 17 16 14 13 10 294

Short seta

Turbulent 1700* 48 22* 17 в в 1803

In summary, it is evident from the preliminary tests that the experimental

study of spore liberation is feasible and that careful control of variables may

yield information on ecology, phytogeography and evolution of mosses. Never-

theless, it must be stressed that refinement and development of techniques are

requisites for success in this field of research. Interdisciplinary studies and

contributions from other bryologists are advisable to understand finer details

of spore liberation. For instance, the forces which actually remove the spores

from the interior of the capsule (negative atmospheric pressure ?) and differences

between species growing in exposed windy conditions with respect to those

growing in shielded conditions near the ground, etc. (Р.М. Richards, pers.

comm.) need to be studied.

We acknowledge with thanks the construction of the wind tunnel by Centro de Instru-

mentos, U.N.A.M. and comments to earlier versions«of the manuscript by Drs. A.J. Sharp,

P.W. Richards and W.D. Reese, The diagrams were prepared by J.J. Corona, Centro de

Instrumentos, U.N.A.M.

Source : MNHN, Paris

48 C. DELGADILLO and E. PÉREZ-BANDÍN

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Source : MNHN. Paris

EXPERIMENTS ON SPORE LIBERATION IN MOSSES 49

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Source : MNHN. Paris

CYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SPOROGENESIS IN

PHYSCOMITRIUM CYATHICARPUM MITT.

NATURE OF THE SPORE MOTHER CELL WALL

M. LAL and E. CHAUHAN *

SUMMARY. — Cytochemical attributes of the spore mother cell wall of Physcomitrium

cyathicarpum Mitt. (Funariaceae) are described, The polysaccharidic SMC wall stains

intensely with the PAS reaction and reveals intense toluidine blue metachromasia, sugges-

ting the presence of acid mucopolysaccharides. The SMC wall also shows positivity to

ruthenium red but gives a negative test for callose. The absence of callose in the spore

mother cell wall and the intersporal septum indicates that the isolation of spore mother

cells by callose walls mey not be a stringent prerequisite for sporogenesis. The role played

by the SMC wall in sporogenesis is discussed on the basis of its chemical attributes inferred

from staining reactions.

INTRODUCTION

Sporogenesis in mosses and liverworts exhibits various morphological pe-

culiarities. For instance, the protoplasts of the sporocyte mother cells secrete

a thick polysaccharide coat around them. Various histochemical tests have

revealed different polysaccharide moieties constituting this SMC wall (GENE-

VES 1971, 19724, b, 1974; NEIDHART 1975; BIENFAIT & WATERKEYN

1976). A distinct intersporal septum separates the newly formed spores in a

tetrad. An additional cell wall called the «special mother cell wall» (LEITGEB

1884) was believed to be synthesized around the newly formed tetrad of spores,

but this belief has not been substantiated in later studies.

The present histochemical studies were conducted on the moss Physco-

mitrium cyathicarpum Mitt., a comparatively reduced form among Funariaceae.

Intense toluidine blue metachromasia in the SMC wall, suggested the presence

of acid mucopolysaccharides. Positivity to ruthenium red indicated the presence

of pectins in the otherwise intensely PAS-positive SMC wall. Failure to obtain

any induced fluorescence with the aniline blue-UV test indicated the absence

of callose. The role played by the SMC wall in sporogenesis has been discussed

on the basis of its chemical attributes and staining reactions.

* Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India,

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1982, 3, 1 : 51-57.

Source : MNHN, Paris

52 M.LAL and Е. CHAUHAN

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The moss Physcomitrium cyathicarpum Mitt. grows in Delhi from early

December to March. Capsules of various ages were excised from the leafy plants

and fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05M phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) for six

hours at room temperature. The fixed samples were repeatedly washed in buffer

for 72 hours and postfixed in 1% w/v aqueous osmium tetroxide solution for

2 hours at room temperature. The material was then washed in buffer, dehy-

drated in graded acetone series and embedded in Durcupan ACM mixture

(Fluka, Switzerland) via treatment with propylene oxide, Sections of 2-3 um

thickness were cut on Porter-Blum MT-2 ultramicrotome using glass knives.

PAS reaction following dimedone blockade was performed according to the

schedule given by FEDER & O'BRIEN (1968) or with acetylation control

(MATERAZZI & FERRETTI 1970). Metachromatic staining with 0.01% w/v

toluidine blue 0 prepared in 0.1M acetate buffer (pH 4.2) was achieved by the

method given by FEDER & O'BRIEN (1968). Deosmified sections were also

fluorochromed with aniline blue and observed under UV according to the

schedule outlined by JENSEN (1962). Paraffin-embedded sections cut at 7 um

were also used for the detection of callose. Ruthenium red staining was carried

out on the deosmified, resin-embedded sections according to the method of

STERLING (1970).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The last division of the archesporial cells in P. cyathicarpum results in the

formation of sporocytes (spore mother cells), whose protoplasts recede from

their walls, and secrete a fresh wall — the sporocyte wall prior to meiosis. This

wall stains intensely with PAS reaction, thereby suggesting its polysaccharidic

nature (fig. 4). Spore mother cell wall of Hypnum rusciforme (GENEVES 1971)

and of some other mosses, liverworts and pteridophytes also exhibit a similar

PAS-positivity (BIENFAIT & WATERKEYN 1976, NEIDHART 1979).

Metachromatic staining with toluidine blue O in P. cyathicarpum is obtained

in the sporophyte wall (fig. 1). The broken archesporial walls also exhibit a

similar staining reaction. However, toluidine blue prepared in borax imparts

just blue coloration to the 5МС walls and the wall around newly formed tetrads

(fig. 2), On the basis of this observation, it could be inferred that the sporocyte

wall contains acid mucopolysaccharides. Similar metachromasia of the spore

mother cell walls of certain other mosses has also been recorded by BIENFAIT

& WATERKEYN (1976). The SMC walls also stain intensely with ruthenium

red, indicating the presence of pectins (fig. 3). Localization of SMC wall poly-

saccharides at the electron microscope level has further elucidated their struc-

tural characteristics, An indication of the presence of pectic substances comes

from the studies made by NEIDHART (1975) on Funaria hygrometrica, who

observed а high contrast in the fibrils of the spore mother cell wall after the

addition of ruthenium red and alcian blue to the fixative. These fibrils stain

well with Thiéry's method (GENEVES 1971, 1972a, 1974; NEIDHART 1975),

Source | MNHN, Paris

SPOROGENESIS IN PHYSCOMITRIUM CYATHICARPUM 53

with KMnO4, with phosphotungstic acid at pH 3.0, with lead salts, and аге

also affected by proteolytic solutions (GENEVES 1974). Studies on Platy-

hypnidium riparioides have revealed that the fibrils of the SMC wall consist

of 1,4-linked polysaccharides (GENEVES 1974).

PAS staining in the present investigations on P. cyathicarpum could be inter-

preted to mean that the SMC wall compounds possess 1,2-glycol groups or ami-

no alcohol groups in a free position as suggested by many workers (GLEGG et

al. 1952, THIÉRY 1967, PEARSE 1968, CHAYEN et al. 1973). Staining with

PAS reaction after dimedone blockade further shows that the reactive groups

involved are aldehydic. Further evidence has been presented by the application

of acetylation which blocks the hydroxyls, thereby stopping the reaction com-

pletely.

The present studies failed to reveal any induced fluorescence in the sporocyte

wall and the intersporal septum with aniline blue-UV test. This is indicative

of the absence of callose. These walls, however, exhibit a faint greenish auto-

fluorescence when excited with UV. These observations are in support of the

earlier findings that the SMC walls in mosses do not contain саПове (see NEID-

HART 1979). Among other bryophytes, absence of callose has been reported

in the Metzgeriales (HORNER et al. 1966) and in the Jungermanniales (OLT-

MANN 1974). However, members of the Sphaerocarpales (SILER 1934, DENI-

ZOT 1971, NEIDHART 1978) and the Marchantiales (BEER. 1906, DOYLE

1962, DENIZOT 1971) show a callosic «special wall». Callose is also present in

members of the Filicales and Selaginellales, but is absent in the spore mother

cell walls of Lycopodiales (BIENFAIT & WATERKEYN 1976). VASIL &

ALDRICH (1970) have reported the presence of a «callose-like wall» around the

sporocyte in Podocarpus macrophyllus. This wall shows very weak fluorescence

with aniline blue-UV test, but unlike callose, is quite osmiophilic and much

thinner than the callosic microspore mother cell wall of most seed plants.

However, the presence of callose has been reported in the spore mother cell

walls and tetrad walls in Pinus banksiana (DICKINSON 1970, DICKINSON

& BELL 1970), P. sylvestris (WILLEMSE 19714, b, c), Abies pinsapo (LE-

POUSE 1971), and Ginkgo biloba (WOLNIAK 1976).

The significance of the presence of a special callosic mother cell wall in

pollen development in the seed-bearing plants is well recognized (see ESCHRICH

1961; HESLOP-HARRISON 1968, 1971; WATERKEYN 1962, 1964; STAN-

LEY & LINSKENS 1974; FERGUSEN & MULLER 1976; LINSKENS 1976).

In the light of the present investigations, the absence of callose in the spore

mother cell wall and the intersporal septum of P. cyathicarpum prompts one

to speculate that the isolation of the spore mother cells by callose walls may

not be a stringent prerequisite for normal sporogenesis. If this is true, the exact

role of the polysaccharidic sporocyte wall in the development of the spores

and in the spore wall formation warrants further investigations. This is because

the moss spores exhibit ample diversity in terms of the contribution of diffe-

rent wall layers to the spore ornamentation. For example, the ехіпе of the

spore wall in Hypnum rusciforme (GENEVES 1972b), Fissidens limbatus

Source : MNHN, Paris

Figs. —1 : Transection of the capsule showing distinct sporocyte walls exhibiting intense

Inetachromasia with Toluidine blue 0. The walls stain pinkish, similar to the original

archesporial walls (x 1000). 2 :Part of a capsule in transection showing the persistent

Wall around the tetrads (stained with ТВО in borax) (x 924). 3 . Longisection of

capsule showing mature sporocytes with ruthenium red-positive SMC wall (x 364). 4:

Spore-tetrads with intensely PAS-positive wavy original sporocyte walls and faintly

PAS.positive intersporal septum (x 2070).

Abbreviations — AW :archesporial wall, IS :intersporal septum, ST :spore tetrad, SW

sporocyte wall.

Source : MNHN, Paris

SPOROGENESIS IN PHYSCOMITRIUM CYATHICARPUM 55

(MUELLER 1974), and Funaria hygrometrica (JARVIS 1974, NEIDHART

1975) forms no part of the wall ornamentation. On the other hand, mosses

like Archidium, Вгиста and Ephemerum (McCLYMONT & LARSON 1964)

show a wholly exinous ornamentation.

Since the perine layer is believed to be extraneous in origin and not a product

of the spore protoplast, further ultrastructural studies on the spore wall forma-

tion may add to our knowledge regarding the alternative mechanism, if any,

for a supposed mould for the sculpturing of the perine in the absence of callose

on such moss spores. Also, the presence or absence of callose in the spore

mother cells in bryophytes should be taken into account in the phylogenetic

speculations on possible relationships between bryophytes and ferns (NEID-

HART 1979).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. — The authors thank Professor R.N. Kapil, Head of the

Department, for providing facilities.

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PEARSE A.G.E., 1968 — Histochemistry : Theoretical and Applied, 3rd ed. Boston.

SILER M.B., 1934 — Development of spore walls in the Sphaerocarpos допейй. Bot. Gaz.

95 1563-591.

STANLEY R.G, & LINSKENS H.F., 1974 — Pollen : Biology, Biochemistry, Management.

Berlin.

STERLING C., 1970 — Crystal-structure of ruthenium red and stereochemistry of its pectin

stain. Am. J. Bot. 57 :172475.

n bryophytes : 251-280, In

Source : MNHN, Paris

SPOROGENESIS IN PHYSCOMITRIUM CYATHICARPUM 57

THIÉRY J.P., 1967 - Mise en évidence des polysaccharides sur coupes fines en microscopie

électronique. J. Microscop. 6 :987-1018.

VASIL LK. & ALDRICH H.C., 1970 — A histochemical and ultrastructural study of the

ontogeny and differentiation of pollen in Podocarpus macrophyllus D. Don. Protoplasma

71 :137.

WATERKEYN L., 1962 — Les parois microsporocytaires de nature callosique. Cellule 62:

225-255.

WATERKEYN L., 1964 — Callose microsporocytaire et callose pollinique : 52-58. In

LINSKENS H.F. (ed.). Pollen Physiology and Fertilization. Amsterdam.

WILLEMSE M.Th.M., 1971a — Morphological and quantitative changes in the population

of cell organelles during microsporogenesis of Pinus sylvestris L. 1. Morphological chan-

ges from zygotene until prometaphase 1. Acta bot. neerl. 20 : 251-274.

WILLEMSE M.Th.M., 1971b — Morphological and quantitative changes in the population

of cell organelles during microsporogenesis of Pinus sylvestris L. 11, Morphological

changes from prometaphase I until tetrad stage. Acta bot. neerl. 20 : 411-427.

WILLEMSE M.Th.M., 1971c — Morphological and quantitative changes in the population

of cell organelles during microsporogenesis of Pinus sylvestris L. III. Morphological

changes during tetrad stage and in the young microspore. A quantitative approach to

the changes in the population of cell organelles. Acta bot. neerl. 20 : 498-523.

WOLNIAK S.M., 1976 — Organelle distribution and apportionment during meiosis in the

microsporocytes of Ginkgo biloba L. Am. J. Bot. 63 : 251-258.

Source : MNHN, Paris

TAXONOMISCHE NOTIZEN

ZUR GATTUNG CAMPYLOPUS. XII

1-Р.ЕКАНМ+

ЗИММАКУ. - 69. Campylopus ста Lor. and C. crishna Lor. from India are conspecific

with C. pilifer Brid. 70. С. argutidens Broth. & Par. var. angustifolius Thér. & P. Vard., C.

divaricatus (Mitt.) Jaeg., C. compactus Par. & Broth., С. dusenii C. Müll, in Par. and C.

aspericuspis Thér. & Р. Мага. from tropical Africa are regarded as synonyms of C. savanna-

rum (C. Müll.) Mitt. 71. C. chateauvertii Thér. is conspecific with C. ampliretis (C. Müll.)

Par. 72. С. surinamensis C. Müll. from tropical America is recorded from SE-Asia, where it

has been described as С. annamensis Par, & Broth. 73. C. setaceus Card. from the Acores is

identical with C. ekmanii Thér, and C. underwoodii Williams from the Carribbean Islands.

The occurrence on the Acores is probably a result of introduction. 74. C. cummingii Dub.

from Chile is synonymous with C. introflexus (Hedw.) Brid, 75. C. brachymastix C. Müll.

ex Besch., С. boivinianus Besch., C. flagelliferus (C. Müll.) Jaeg. var. brachyphyllulus Card

and C. quintasii Broth. are synonymous with C. flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. 76. C. schimperi

Milde has been described from China as C. alpigena Broth. and C. handelii Broth.: C. subula-

tus is recorded from NW-India as C. barbuloides Broth. nom. nud. and from China, 77. C.

australiensis Dub. and С. erythropoma Dub. are conspecific with C. introflexus (Hedw.)

Brid., С. nigroflavus (C. Müll.) Par. with C. kirkii Mitt., C. novae valesiae Broth, with С.

pallidus Hook. f. & Wils. and C. excurrens Dix. with C. umbellatus (Arn.) Par.

Anlässlich eines Arbeitsaufenthaltes am Riksmuseet in Stockholm (S ) ergaben

sich bei dem Studium eines kleinen Teiles der dortigen Campylopus-Belege eine

Vielzahl von neuen Synonymen, die nicht nur nomenklatorische Änderungen

ergeben, sondern vielfach auch unsere Kenntnis der Areale wesentlich erweitern.

Da mit einer monographischen Bearbeitung dieser artenreichen und etwas

schwierigen Gattung in nächster Zeit nicht zu rechnen ist, sind die nomenkla-

torischen Änderungen hier kurz zusammengestellt.

Ich danke dem Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes

Nordrhein-Westfalen, welches den Aufenthalt in Stockholm ermöglichte, sowie

Dr. R. Santesson, Fil. Dr. E, Nyholm und T.B. Engelmark für die gebotenen

Arbeitsmöglichkeiten.

* Universität Duisburg, Fachbereich 6, Botanik, Postfach 101629, D 4100 Duisburg.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichenol., 1982, 3, 1 : 59-65.

Source : MNHN, Paris

60 J.-P. FRAHM

69. Neue Synonyme von CAMPYLOPUS PILIFER Brid. aus Indien

Campylopus pilifer Brid. Mant. Musc. : 72, 1819.

— Campylopus civa Lor. Moosstud. : 159, 1864, syn. nov. Typus : India orien-

talis (Isotypus S).

— Campylopus crishna Lor. Moosstud. : 159, 1864, syn. nov. Typus : India

orientalis (Isotypus S).

70. Neue Synonyme von CAMPYLOPUS SAVANNARUM (C. Müll.) Mitt.

aus Afrika

Nachdem sich herausgestellt hatte, dass die aus Südamerika beschriebene Art

Campylopus savannarum neben anderen Arten aus Afrika unter einer Vielzahl

von Namen beschrieben worden war (FRAHM, im Druck), fanden sich noch

eine Reihe weiterer neuer Synonyme aus Westafrika :

Campylopus savannarum (C. Müll.) Mitt. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 12 : 85, 1869

(Dicranum savannarum С. Müll. Syn. Musc. 2 : 596, 1851).

— Campylopus argutidens Broth. & Par. Rev. Bryol. 34 : 93, 1907 var. angusti-

folius Thér. & P.Varde Rev. Bryol. n. ser. 4 : 66, 1932 (syn. nov.) Typus :

Gabon, entre Moussiba et Mbounga, Le Testu s. n., 1925 (Isotypus 5).

— Campylopus divaricatus (Mitt.) Jaeg. Ber. S. Gall. Naturw. Ges, 1877-78 .

381, 1880 (Dicranum divaricatum Mitt. J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 7 : 149, 1863) syn.

nov. Typus : Princess Island, Niger River, Barter 5. n., 1923 (Isotypus S).

— Campylopus compactus Par. & Broth. Rev. Bryol. 31 : 117, 1904 hom. Шер.

syn. nov. Typus : Guinea gall., in valle fl. Bating, Pobeguin s.n., 1906 (Isoty-

pus S).

Campylopus dusenii C. Müll. in Par. Ind. Bryol. : 246, 1894 nom. nud,

syn. nov. Material : ad Victoriam emporium in saxis, Dusén 304 (S).

- Campylopus aspericuspis Thér. & P. Varde Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 6 :136, 1934,

syn. nov. Typus : Gabon, prope Assoc Ngoum, Le Testu s. п. 1933, Musci

selecti et critici 9 (Isotypus 8).

Campylopus acutirameus Thér. & Dix. von den Philippinen (Typus : Mayaya-

gay, on palm roof, leg. C.F. Patzer 10.5.1916 nr. 3659, S) gehört ebenfalls

in den Verwandtschaftskreis von C. savannarum. Campylopus acutirameus hat

aber stumpf gespitzte Blätter mit plötzlich austretender Rippe wie C. tortilipilus

J-P. Frahm aus Brasilien, weicht aber von diesem durch den grösseren Wuchs

und von С. savannarum durch kaum ausgeprägte Stereiden auf der Ventralseite

des Rippenquerschnittes ab. Es ist anzunehmen, dass С. savannarum in den

Tropen nahezu weltweit, aber in verschiedenen gering unterschiedenen Sippen

verbreitet ist, die noch einer genauen Klärung bedürfen.

Campylopus savanmarum ist eine variable, aber dennoch an bestimmten

Strukturen leicht und sicher kenntliche Art. Sie besitzt am basalen Blattrand

einen Saum aus quadratischen Zellen, eine gezähnte Blattspitze mit stark dornig

gesägter, subhyalin austretender Rippe, eine auf der Rückseite gekerbte Rippe

sowie im Rippenquerschnitt in der oberen Blatthälfte ventrale Stereiden, zur

Source : MNHN. Paris

CAMPYLOPUS XII 61

Blattbasis hin ventral jedoch grosslumigere Zellen. (Abb. VI bei Bizot & Kilber-

tus 1979 als C. bequaertii).

71. CAMPYLOPUS CHATEAUVERTII Thér. identisch mit C. AMPLIRETIS

(C. Müll.) Par.

+ 88, 1900 (Dicra-

tidafrika, Montagu-

Campylopus ampliretis (C. Müll.) Par. Ind. Bryol. Suppl.

num amplirete C. Müll. Hedwigia 38 : 81, 1899). Typus :

Pass, Rehmann 60 (Isotypus PC).

= Campylopus chateauvertii Thér. Rev. Bryol. n. ser. 4 : 76, 1931 syn. nov.

Typus : Malawi, Mont Mlonge 2600 m, leg. Chateauvert 1931 (Holot. PC,

Isot. 5).

Eine sowohl im südlichen Afrika als auch auf den Azoren vorkommende Art,

wobei die auffällige Disjunktion zwischen dem Südteil des Kontinents und einer

jungvulkanischen Inselgruppe mutmasslich eher auf Verschleppungen über

den Schiffahrtsweg als auf andere arealkundliche Gründe zurückzuführen ist.

72. CAMPYLOPUS SURINAMENSIS C. Müll. in Südostasien

Überraschenderweise stellte sich der Typus von Campylopus annamensis Par.

& Broth. aus dem heutigen Laos als identisch mit dem bislang nur aus der

Neotropis bekannten С. surinamensis heraus. Campylopus surinamensis kommt

dort von Südostbrasilien bis in die südöstlichen Teile Nordamerikas vor (FRAHM

1979, 1980), stets auf náhrstoffarmen Sandböden, vielfach auf Alluvialbóden an

Flüssen. Interessanterweise liegt auch die Typuslokalität von С. annamensis

— wie aus der Herbarprobe ersichtlich ist — auf Sand — und wie aus der Angabe

ersichtlich ist — an einem Fluss. Diese Disjunktion Südostasien — tropisches

Südamerika ist nach dem bisherigen Wissensstand recht ungewöhnlich. Die

meisten geobotanischen Bezüge der Moosflora Südostasiens ergeben sich zu

Afrika (PÓCS 1976) oder den Mittelamerikanischen Raum als Reste ehemals

amphipazifischer Areale (SHARP 1972). Aber gerade die mittelamerikanische

Landbrücke gehört nicht zum Areal von С. surinamensis.

Campylopus surinamensis С, Müll. Linnaea 21 : 186, 1848. Typus : Svr

nam, Kegel 516 (H-BR).

- Campylopus annamensis Par. & Broth. Rev. Bryol. 34 : 42, 1907, syn. nov.

Typus : Annam 11059'N, Langbian, ad ripa torr. Kamly 1450 m, Eberlandt

s:n., 1906 (Isotypus S).

73. CAMPYLOPUS SETACEUS Card. kein azorischer Endemismus

Angeregt durch Belege von Campylopus setaceus von den Агогеп, die ich

von J. Eggers und С. Schwab 1981 zum Bestimmen bekam, konnte ich fest-

stellen, dass diese Art auch in der Karibik vorkommt, woher sie unter den Na-

men C. ekmanii Ther. und С. underwoodi Williams beschrieben worden waren.

Source : MNHN. Paris

62 Т-Р. FRAHM

Ein weiteres Synonym, C. elliottii Bartr., war bereits als identisch mit С. under-

woodii publiziert worden (FRAHM 1981). Unter diesen drei Namen ist С.

setaceus aus der Karibik von Cuba, Jamaica und Dominica bekannt geworden.

Diese Synonymik wirft ein interessantes Licht auf das Problem der soge-

nannten Endemismen unter den Moosen. Bei dem hohen geologischen Alter

der Moose fiel es immer schon schwer, besonders auf jungvulkanischen Inseln

wie in diesem Fall den Azoren von mutmasslich endemischen Arten zu sprechen.

In vielen Fällen werden diese endemischen Arten nur Ausdruck der bislang

unzureichenden Durchforschung der Tropen sein, wie Beispiele von neu bekannt

gewordenen kontinentübergreifenden Arealen bei der Gattung Campylopus

(FRAHM, im Druck) gezeigt haben. Bedenkt man ausserdem den erheblich

hohen Anteil von eingeführten Phanerogamen aus allen Teilen der Tropen auf

solchen Inseln wie den Azoren, Madeira und den Kanaren, die vielfach dort auch

fest eingebürgert worden sind, so liegt die Vermutung sehr nahe, dass auch viele

Moosarten auf den Pflanzenballen, an den Stämmen und selbst auf den Blättern

solcher eingeführter Phanerogamen auf diese Inseln gelangt sind und sich dort

ähnlich ausgebreitet haben. Unter der Sicht ist es wahrscheinlich, dass sich bei

besserer Kenntnis der tropischen Moose noch viele der sogenannten endemischen

Arten als anderswo in den Tropen verbreitete Arten herausstellen werden. Be-

denkt man ferner, in welchem Umfang auch innerhalb der Tropen Zier- und

Nutzpflanzen schon in der «vorbotanischen» Zeit im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert

hin- und hertransportiert wurden, dann kann man bei den Arealen mancher

tropischer Moose weniger physischgeographische Faktoren zur Erklärung

heranziehen als vielmehr alte Schiffahrtsregister.

Campylopus setaceus Card. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 8 : 54, 1897. Typus ;

San Miguel, Machado s.n. (Isotypus 5).

Campylopus ekmanii Thér. Mem, Soc. Cuban. Hist. Nat. 13 : 216, 1939,

syn. nov. Typus : Cuba, Sierra Maestra, Ekman 1914 nr. 1703 (Lectotypus

H-BR, Isotypen NY, 5).

— Campylopus underwoodii Williams N, Am. Fl. 15 (2) : 142, 1913. Syn. nov.

Typus : Jamaica, summit of Blue Mt. Peak, Underwood 1903 nr. 2539 (Holo-

typus NY, Isotypen H-BR, FH).

74. CAMPYLOPUS CUMMINGII Dub. ist C. INTROFLEXUS (Hedw.) Brid.

Da der Index Muscorum (WIJK et al. 1959) Campylopus cummingii fälschli-

cherweise aus «Afr. 3, Am. 5» angibt, der Typus jedoch aus Chile stammt, ist

die Art bei der Bearbeitung der Campylopus-Arten Chiles (FRAHM 1976) nicht

berücksichtigt worden. Der Typus dieser Art erwies sich jedoch als identisch

mit C. introflexus.

Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. Mant. Muse. : 72, 1819. Typus : Nova

Hollandia (Holotypus С).

— Campylopus cummingii Dub. Мет. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 20 : 361,

1869, syn. nov. Typus : Chile, Valdivia (Isotypus ex hb. Hedwig-Schwae-

grichen S).

Source : MNHN, Paris

CAMPYLOPUS XII 63

75. Synonyme von CAMPYLOPUS FLEXUOSUS (Hedw.) Brid.

aus den Tropen

Das auch in seinem europäischen Teilareal schon sehr vielgestaltige Campylo-

pus flexuosus ist anscheinend in den Tropen sehr weit verbreitet, aber auf Grund

der Vielgestaltigkeit unter diversen verschiedenen Namen beschrieben worden.

Die Art ist dennoch makroskopisch an den fast immer vorhandenen kleinblät-

trigen Brutästen und mikroskopisch an den rechteckigen dickwandigen inneren

basalen Laminazellen, den subquadratischen, oft in regelmässigen Reihen ange-

ordneten oberen Laminazellen und dem Rippenquerschnitt mit im oberen

Teil der Rippe kleinlumigen ventralen Zellen kenntlich. Hier sind weitere Syno-

nyme aus Indien, Mauritius und San Thomé aus dem tropischen Verbreitungs-

gebiet der Art, welches die Anden Südamerikas, Zentralfrika und Südostasien

umfasst :

Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. Mant. Musc. : 71, 1819

— Campylopus brachymastix С. Müll. ех Besch, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 6,9 :

324, 1880, syn. nov. Typus : Mauritius, leg. Robillard s.n., 1876 (Isotypus S).

Campylopus boivinianus Besch, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 6, 9 : 320, 1880,

syn. nov. Typus : Mauritius, leg. Boivin (Isotypus S).

— Campylopus flagelliferus (C. Müll.) Jaeg. Ber. S. Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1870-71 :

423, 1872 var. brachyphyllulus Card. nom. nud. ? Material : India or., Madu-

та, Kodikanal, leg. André s.n., 1909 (Isotypus S).

— Campylopus quintasii Broth. Bol, Soc. Brot. 8 :175, 1890, syn. nov. Typus :

5. Thomé, leg. Quintas (Isotypus S).

76. CAMPYLOPUS SCHIMPERI Milde und С. SUBULATUS Schimp.

in Südostasien

Campylopus schimperi und C. subulatus sind zwei über die ganze Nord-

hemisphäre verbreitete Arten (FRAHM & VITT 1978, FRAHM 1980). Aus

Asien liegen dabei erwartungsgemäss nur wenige Angaben vor. Bei Herbarstudien

stellte sich heraus, dass C. handelii Broth. und C. alpigena Broth., beide aus

Yünnan bzw. Setschuan in China beschrieben, conspezifisch mit C. schimperi

sind. Auffálligerweise werden beide Arten von Kalkschutt der Gebirge in 3500-

4500 m angegeben, was den Standortverhältnissen von C. schimperi іп den Alpen

entspricht und was für diese Gattung sehr ungewóhnlich ist, da fast alle anderen

Campylopus-Arten kalkhaltige Substrate streng meiden.

Campylopus subulatus, eine verwandte und auf tiefere Lagen beschränkte

Art, war ebenfalls in Yünnan von Handel-Mazzetti sub nr. 684 (NY) gesammelt

worden. Dieser Beleg war von Brotherus als С. pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. be-

stimmt worden, einer Art, die in der Nordhemisphäre auf Europa beschränkt

ist. Ebenso stellte sich ein Herbarbeleg von C. barbuloides Broth. nom. nud. als

С. subulatus heraus, ‹

Campylopus schimperi Milde Bot. Zeit. : 13, 1864

~ Campylopus alpigena Broth. Sitzungsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien Math. Nat. Kl. 133 :

Source : MNHN, Paris

64 J-P, FRAHM

562, 1924, syn. nov. Typus: China, Yünnan, Handel-Mazzetti 47 (Isotypus S).

— Campylopus handelii Broth. Symb. Sin. 4 . 18, 1929, зуп nov. Typus : China,

Yünnan, Handel- Mazzetti 7676, Krypt. Exsicc. 3078 (Isotypus 5).

var. setschwanicus Broth, Symb. Sin, 4 : 18, 1929 syn. nov. Typus : China,

Yünnan, Handel-Mazzetti 1515, Krypt. Exsicc. 3079 (Isotypus S).

Campylopus subulatus Schimp. in Rabenh. Bryoth. Europ. 9 :451, 1861.

— Campylopus barbuloides Broth. in Bruehl, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 13 123,

1931, nom. nud. syn. nov. Material : N.W, Himalaya, Mussoorie, Dhanaulti

7000 ft., Amar Singh 3698 (S).

77. Zur Campylopus-Flora von Australien

SCOTT, STONE & ROSSER (1976) führen 5 Campylopus-Arten (C. arbori-

cola Card. & Dix., C. bicolor (Hornsch.) Hook. f. & Wils., C. clavatus (R. Br.)

Hook. f. & Wils., C. introflexus (Hedw.) Brid., С. kirkii Mitt. und C. pallidus

Hook. f. & Wils.) in ihrer Moosflora von Australien an. Daneben werden 10

weitere von Australien beschriebene oder angegebene Arten unsicherer Stellung

angegeben. Bei der Suche nach dem Typusmaterial dieser Arten konnten Belege

von fünf dieser Arten in den bedeutenderen Herbarien B, BR, F, FH, H, HBG,

MO, NY und PC nicht festgestellt werden. Von den übrigen fünf Arten waren die

Typusbelege erhältlich. Sie erwiesen sich alle als Synonyme bereits bekannter

Arten : C. lenormandii Thér, und C. novae valesiae Broth. als Synonyme von

C. pallidus, C. nigroflavus (C. Müll.) Par. als Synonym von C. kirkii, C. austra-

liensis und C. erythropoma Duby als Synonyme von C. introflexus und schliess-

lich C. excurrens Dix. als Synonym von C. umbellatus. С. umbellatus wird von

SCOTT et al. (1976) nicht angeführt und ist der südlichste Nachweis dieser

von Korea bis Ozeanien und von Ceylon bis Hawaii verbreiteten Art.

Gampylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. Mant. Musc. : 72, 1819.

— Campylopus erythropoma Dub. Мет. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève 20 :

360. 1869, syn. nov. Typus : Australien, Mt. Mandon, Müller 1867 s.n

(Isotypus S).

— Campylopus australiensis Dub. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève 20 : 359.

1870, syn. nov. Typus : Australien o. nähere Angabe (Isotypus S).

Campylopus kirkii Mitt. in Beck., Trans. Proc. New Zeal. Inst. 26 : 280, 1894.

— Campylopus nigroflavus (C. Müll.) Par. Ind. Bryol. Suppl. : 94, 1900 (Dicra-

num nigroflavum С. Müll. Hedwigia 36 : 349, 1897) syn. nov. Typus : Austra-

lia occ., Mt. Lindsay, Webb 1851 s.snr. (Isotypus S).

Campylopus pallidus Hook. f. & Wils. Fl. Nov. Zel. 2 :68, 1854.

— Campylopus novae valesiae Broth. Oefv. Finsk Vet. Ak. Foerh. 40 : 163,

1898, syn. nov. Typus : Australia, Bulli Pass, S.W., Watts Nov. 1895 s.n.

(Isotypus S).

— Campylopus lenormandii Thér. Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 26 : 76, 1936 fid.

Source : MNHN, Paris:

CAMPYLOPUS XII 65

FRAHM (im Druck). Typus : Australie, Mont Macedon, Lenormand 19

(Isotypus H-BR).

Campylopus umbellatus (Arn.) Par. Ind. Bryol. : 264, 1894 (Thysanomi-

trium umbellatum Schwaegr. & Gaud. ex Arn. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 5 :

263, 1827).

— Campylopus excurrens Dix. Proc. R. Soc. Queensland 53 (2) : 27, 1941,

syn. nov. Typus : Australia, North Tookey Creek, Flecker 3371 (Isotypus S).

LITERATUR

BIZOT M. & KILBERTUS G., 1979 — Les Campylopus africains subg. Lucidus Biz. et

Kilb. Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 45 : 61-96.

FRAHM J.P., 1976 — Zur Campylopus-Flora von Chile. Herzogia 4 : 141-160.

FRAHM J.P., 1979 — Die Campylopus-Arten Brasiliens. Rev, Bryol. Lichénol. 45 : 127-

178.

FRAHM J.P. 1980 — Synopsis of the Genus Campylopus in North America North of

Mexico, The Bryologist 83 : 570-588.

FRAHM J.-P., 1981 — Taxonomische Notizen zur Gattung Campylopus. ХІ. Nova Hedwigia

34 :391-395.

FRAHM J.P. im Druck — Grossdisjunktionen von Arealen südamerikanischer und afri-

kanischer Campylopus-Arten. Lindbergia.

FRAHM J.P. & VITT D.H., 1978 — A taxonomic Study of Campylopus schimperi and

C. subulatus in North America. Brittonia 30 : 365-372.

PÓCS T., 1976 - Correlations between the tropical African and Asian bryofloras, І. J.

Hattori Bot. Lab. 41 :95-106.

SCOTT G.A.M., STONE I.G. & ROSSER C., 1976 — The Mosses of Southern Australia.

London - New York - San Francisco.

SHARP A.J., 1972 — Phytogeographical correlations between the bryophytes of Eastern

Asia and North America. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 35 : 263-268.

Source : MNHN. Paris

REACTIONS OF RADULA ЕГАССША LINDENB. & GOTTSCHE

TO LEAF LEACHATES AND EXTRACTS

5.0. OLARINMOYE +

ABSTRACT. — The various ways in which gemmae and gemmalings of Radula flaccida

Lindenb. & Gottsche react to leachates and extracts from leaves of phorophytes have been

studied. Leachates and extracts were found to affect extension growth of shoots of gemma-

ling, their leaf-size and production of rhizoids, but they do not affect initiation of growth

from gemmae. The effect of the leachates and extracts on the establishment and later

growth of the epiphyllous liverwort was found to be a function of the phorophyte leaf

involved. The important role of leachates in the successful establishment and later growth

of epiphyllous bryophytes, especially in the tropics where there is abundant annual rain-

fall, was discussed.

INTRODUCTION

Leaching of organic metabolites such as carbohydrates, amino-acids and

growth hormones as well as inorganic metabolites from aerial parts of plants,

has been documented (LEES 1926, KOZEL & TUKEY Jr. 1968 and DIAZ-

COLON 1969 among others). KOZEL et al. (1968) reported growth inhibitors

in extracts of leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium «Princess Anne».

Radula flaccida, though usually epiphyllous on а number of phorophytes,

may also be corticolous occasionally. Details of phorophyte-epiphyllous bryo-

Phytes relationship have not yet been fully settled. However, contrary to an

earlier claim that some epiphyllous bryophytes are semi-parasitic, (BERRIE

& EZE 1975) they have not been confirmed as parasites, their rhizoids not

being haustorial, but for attachment (OLARINMOYE 1977). However, though

they are non-parasitic, there is no doubt that apart form serving as substrate

for epiphyllae, phorophyte leaves provide nutrients through leached metabolites.

Осситепсе of growth inhibitors in extracts might throw light on the phoro-

Phyte preference observed in some epiphyllous bryophytes.

* Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1982, 3, 1 :67-71.

Source : MNHN, Paris

68 5.0. OLARINMOYE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

20 g each of leaf samples of 10 plants, Microdesmis puberula Hook. F, &

Planch, (1), Vitex doniana Sweet (2), Piper guineense Schum. & Thom (3),

Pteris acanthoneura Alston (4), Combretum paniculatum Vert. (5), Antiaris

africana Engl. (6), Ficus exasperata Vahl. (7), Averrhoa carambola Linn. (8).

Monodora tenuifolia Benth. (9) & Cola gigantea A. Chev. (10) were leached or

extracted in 50 ml distilled water, using the method of KOZEL et al. (1968).

The leachates and extracts were kept in а refrigerator until required for use.

10ml portions of the leachates and extracts were each introduced into

9.5 ml Petri dishes containing two Whatman No. 3 filter papers, and allowed to

evaporate to dryness at room temperature. 10 ml BASILE’s medium (1965)

was later introduced into each of the Petri dishes and also allowed to evaporate

м room temperature. 10 healthy gemmae of Вада, cleaned in several changes

of sterile distilled water, were plated in each Petri dish after moistening the

filter papers with 2 ml distilled water. 10 gemmae were also sown in another

Petri dish containing BASILE's medium only as the control. Each culture plate

was duplicated. The culture plates were then arranged in a Gallencamp cooled,

illuminated incubator under a 12-hr. light cycle and an illumination of 100 lux

at the culture level.

Observations were made on the rate of germination of the gemmae, the state

of the gemmae and gemmalings and survival level at the end of the experiment.

Measurements were made of extension growth of the shoots, size of leaf-lobes

and lobules as well as number of rhizoids produced.

RESULTS

The results showed that while leachates and extracts of phorophytes did

not significantly affect germination of gemmae of R. flaccida, they caused

significant increase in the extension growth of shoots of gemmalings. Leaf lobe

length and width were also affected but lobules were not significantly affected

(Tab. 1 & 2).

More lobular rhizoids were produced in plants grown in leachates and extracts

than those in the basal medium of BASILE (1965) only. However, rhizoids

produced by shoots in some leaf extracts were short, much-branched and in

most cases crooked, while those in leachates were long, straight and little-

branched. There was abundant production of rhizoids on the body of gemmae

but those in extracts were shorter, more branched than those in leachates.

Effect of leachates and extracts also varied with the phorophyte type. For

instance, leachates and extracts of Piper guineense promoted more extension

growth of shoots than any other. The shoots were robust and vigorous, with

numerous long lobular rhizoids on the leaves and on the main gemmae. The

shoots, in this culture were the nearest to the typical wild type. In contrast,

leachates and extracts of Antiaris africana and Ficus exasperata supported the

least extension growth of the shoots, the shoots being straggling, with long

Source : MNHN, Paris

ACTION OF LEAF LEACHATES AND EXTRACTS 69

Tab. 1. - Reactions of В. flaccida to leaf leachates and extracts

рти ТО semination 3 shoot Tengtn (un) at B weeks | £ survival at 12 weeks |

(Culture n°.) | Leachates | Extracts Leschates Extracts Leachates | Extracts |

i 97.0 20.0 | 95.5 50.5 | 1590.0 * 10.0 | 1450.5 * 15.0 98.0 85.0

2 %.в 21.5 | 96.5 20.5 | 1865.0 235.5 | 1237.5 Ż 37.5 95.0 80.0

3- 93.5*0.0 | $2.0 52.0 | 2075.5 + 25.1 | 1595.0 * 25.10 95.0 88.0

4. 96.5 20.7 | 93.0 1.8. | 1635.0 * 25.1 | 1580.0 * 50.50 97.0 90.0

5. 95.5*2.5 | 95.5 * 2.0 | 1665.0 * 15.0 | 1420.0 * 30.10 96.0 82.0

6. 96.0*2.0| 92.0 * 2.0 | 140.0 5.0 | 1125.0 * 75.2 93.0 73.0

7. 96.52 1,5 | 96.5 21.0 | 1527.3 1 22.6 | 1290.0 15.0 95.0 78.0

8. 96.022.0 | 95.5 2.5 | 162.05 7.1 De 92.0 о

з. 34.0 21.0 | 93.5 29.0 | 1790.0 Ż 10.0 | 1535.5 £ 14.5 95.0 84.0

10. 96.5 21.5 | 95.0#3.0 | 1644.5 Ż 40.5 | 1587.0 * 55.0 96.0 80.0

Ба eye en ШЕ EPA

Tab. 2. — Effects of leachates and extracts on leaf and rhizoids of В. flaccida

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* Culture numbers (1-10) refer to cultures containing leachates and extracts from the

phorophytes (see Materials and methods).

internodes, small leaves and very few lobular rhizoids. In cultures with extracts

from Averrhoa carambola, all the gemmalings were dead in four weeks.

At 12 weeks, more gemmalings were alive in the control and leachate cultures

than in the extract cultures (Tab. 1). Those remaining alive in the viscous extract

cultures were pale-green-yellow, with large portions already dead, and with

fewer inconspicuous oil-bodies,

DISCUSSION

There were indications of leaching of growth substances from the foliage of

phorophytes of Radula flaccida. The leached materials were growth-promoting

In most cases as shown in the enhancement of extension growth of shoots of

Source : ММНМ Paris

70 5.0. OLARINMOYE

gemmalings, production of rhizoids and the vigour of growth. It is, however,

significant that while leachates supported good growth in all cases, extracts

from phorophyte leaves tended to inhibit growth in some cases or at best did

not support growth as much as the leachates.

The present findings confirm those of earlier workers that structurally com-

plex metabolites were leached from the aerial parts of plants. The findings of

KOZEL et al. (1968) that both growth-promoting and inhibiting metabolites

were leached from aerial parts of plants has also been confirmed.

The importance of leachates and to some extent of extracts from the aerial

parts of tropical phorophytes cannot be over-emphasized, especially with respect

to the success of epiphyllous vegetation. This is because, though these epiphyl-

lous bryophytes are not parasitic on the phorophytes (OLARINMOYE 1977),

leached metabolites from them are sure means of additional nutrition for the

epiphylls. It becomes more pertinent because of the heavy rains and the nume-

rous rain-days, characteristic of the tropical zones of the world, especially in

the Lowland Rain Forest zones where the epiphyllous bryophytes usually

abound. During these heavy rains, metabolites would be leached in sufficient

amounts to support a good growth and fruiting of the epiphyllous vegetation,

which grow far removed from the usual source of nutrients for other plants,

the soil. This might in fact account for the fruiting of the Radula only in those

habitats with high annual rainfalls like ас Erin-Odo and Sakpoba Forest Reserve

Fruiting of the Radula has been observed only once at Ikenne in 1968, a year

with heavy rains and numerous rain-days.

In essence, therefore, the heavy rains and several rain-days in the tropics

may not only be useful in supplying the high humidity crucial for the establish-

ment and sustained growth of epiphyllous bryophytes but may also be most

useful in supplying the needed metabolites, through leachates from the foliage.

These epiphylis are capable of absorbing these useful metabolites directly

through their body-surfaces.

Inhibitors are unlikely to be very important because drastic methods such

as damage to leaves and other aerial parts of phorophytes would be required

to bring them out, as was demonstrated in this study. The effects of extracts

might also have been masked in the observations because useful growth-promo-

ting metabolites were more easily leached than inhibitors so that greater a-

mounts of growth-promoting ones were always present than inhibitors.

The fact that leachates and extracts from leaves of different phorophytes

supported growth to varying degrees might help to explain the absence of epi-

phyllous bryophytes on some plants in marginal areas even in places where

the conditions are suitable and propagules available.

Finally it has been shown that leachates are the usual while extracts are the

exceptional, extracts being produced only when the aerial parts of phorophytes

are damaged, a rare occurrence in the usually undisturbed habitats of epiphyl-

lous bryophytes.

Source : MNHN. Paris

ACTION OF LEAF LEACHATES AND EXTRACTS т

REFERENCES

BASILE C.V., 1965 - Growth, development and gemma formation in the liverwort Scapa-

nia nemorosa, as influenced by L-arginine, L-histidine and L-glutamic acid. Amer. J.

Bot, 52 : 443454.

BERRIE G.K. and EZE J.M.O., 1975 — The relationship between an epiphyllous liverwort

and host leaves. Ann. Bot. (London) 39 : 955-963.

BOVEY R.W. and DIAZ-COLON J.D., 1969 — Оссштепсе of plant growth inhibitors in

tropical and subtropical vegetation. Physiol. РІ. (Copenhagen) 22 : 253-259.

KOZEL P.C. and TUKEY Н.В. Jr., 1968 — Loss of gibberrellings by leaching from stems

and foliage of Chrysanthemum morifolium «Princess Anne». Amer. J. Bot. 55 : 1184-

1189.

LEES А.М., 1926 — Factors governing fruit bud formation VII. Influence of summer rain-

fall and previous crops on the fruiting of apples. Annual Rep. Long Ashton Agric.

Hort. Res. Sta. : 42-59.

LONG W.G., SWEET D.V. and TUKEY N.B., 1956 — Loss of nutrients from plant foliage

by leaching as indicated by radioisotopes. Science 123 : 1039-1040.

OLARINMOYE S.O., 1974 — Ecology of epiphyllous liverworts : growth in three natural

habitats in Western Nigeria. J. Bryol. 8 : 275-289.

OLARINMOYE S.O., 1977 — Studies on epiphyllous liverwort-phorophyte relationship.

Nova Hedwigia 27 :647-654.

TUKEY H.B. Jr., 1966 — Leaching of metabolites from above-ground plant parts and its

implications. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 93 : 385-401.

Source : ММНМ. Paris

КОТЕ

UNE NOUVELLE STATION FRANCAISE

DE LICHENS FOLIICOLES

DANS LE MASSIF CENTRAL OCCIDENTAL (AVEYRON)

B. DE FOUCAULT, E. SÉRUSIAUX et C. VAN HALUWYN *

Lors de recherches botaniques dans le Massif central français (juillet 1979),

l'un d'entre nous (B.d.F.) а été particulièrement attiré par un site qui promet-

tait a priori des découvertes floristiques intéressantes. Il est situé dans le dépar-

tement de l'Aveyron, plus précisément dans la vallée du Lot entre Estaing et

Entraigues-sur-Truyére (route départementale 120 n). Venant d'Estaing, environ

trois kilométres avant d'arriver à Entraigues, un peu au-dessus du «Rocher du

Duc», la route coupe un petit affluent de la rive droite du Lor, entre les lieux-

dits «Prévinguières» et «Montcousson», à l'altitude de 430 m. Bondissant de

rocher en rocher, le ruisseau entretient là une hygrométrie élevée; celle-ci est

maintenue aussi par la végétation formant voüte au-dessus du cours d'eau,

diminuant ainsi les échanges avec l'atmosphère extérieure. D'autre part, le

climat est de type aquitanien, notamment par les étés chauds. Le site est donc

au point de vue microclimatique, caractérisé par des températures assez élevées

au moins en été et une hygrométrie importante; ce sont là des traits qui tendent

À recréer, ponctuellement, un climat de type subtropical humide, dont on

sait qu'il est trés favorable à la végétation cryptogamique.

La végétation phanérogamique du site est essentiellement dominée par le

buis, Buxus sempervirens; mais le botaniste cryptogamiste est surtout attiré par

la végétation bryophytique épiphyte, d'une vitalité rarement vue ailleurs dans

les pays tempérés et que l'on peut rapprocher par sa physionomie aux végéta-

tions épiphytiques tropicales. Connaissant les particularités de celles-ci, il était

tentant de rechercher des espéces épiphylles. C'est pourquoi le bryologue explo-

rant le site espérait secrétement rencontrer des hépatiques épiphylles. Cependant

aucun de ces végétaux n'a été rencontré sur les branches de buis récoltées. Pour-

“В; de Foucault, Laboratoire de Botanique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 59045 Lille Cedex.

E: Sérusiaux, Aspirant du F,N.R.S., Département de Botanique, Sart Tilman, В-4000

Liége, Belgique.

C. Van Haluwyn, Laboratoire de Botanique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 59045 Lille Cedex.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1982, 3, 1 : 73-76.

Source : MNHN. Paris

74 B. DE FOUCAULT, E. SÉRUSIAUX et C. VAN HALUWYN

tant la végétation épiphylle attendue était bien au rendez-vous, mais elle consis-

tait en lichens épiphylles et поп en bryophytes. La flore lichénique foliicole

est suffisamment rare en France pour que la découverte de nouvelles stations

mérite d'étre mentionnée.

Cela d'autant que la plus classique des stations frangaises de lichens foliicoles

(bois de la Coudrée, Haute-Savoie) peut être considérée comme disparue. Une

intense prospection récente effectuée par l'un d'entre nous (E.S., 1980) n'a pas

permis d'y retrouver le moindre lichen foliicole. Cette situation n'est pas éton-

nante puisque ce bois n'est plus aujourd'hui qu'un immense lotissement de villas

de luxe. Seuls, quelques hectares ont été épargnés : ils sont signalés par un

dérisoire panneau «Réserve Naturelle». Méme là, aucun lichen foliicole n'a été

revu.

Cinq espèces de lichens foliicoles sur le buis ont été reconnues dans notre

matériel. Ce sont les suivantes :

PORINA OXNERI R. Sant. — Espéce de loin la plus abondante dans le

matériel recueilli, aussi bien sur brindilles que sur feuilles.

En France, signalé du bois de la Coudrée en Haute-Savoie (SANTESSON

1952 : 221), d'où il a apparemment disparu, et des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (VEZ-

DA et VIVANT 1972 : 254-255), sur Buxus «t Ruscus aculeatus. Ces deux au-

teurs le mentionnent également de l'ile de Port-Cros dans le Var.

En dehors de la France, connu seulement de Yougoslavie et du Caucase en

U.R.S.S.

PORINA HOEHNELIANA (Jaap) R. Sant. — Nettement moins abondant que

le précédent, mais croissant également sur les brindilles et sur les feuilles.

En France, signalé dans les Pyrénées-Atlantiques (VEZDA et VIVANT 1972 :

255), sur Buxus et Ruscus aculeatus. En dehors de la France, connu seulement

de sa localité type en Yougoslavie (SANTESSON 1952 : 262).

CATILLARIA BOUTEILLEI (Desm.) Zahlbr. — Un seul thalle, fructifié, dans

notre matériel,

JOSIEN (1965 : 241-242) a dressé la liste des départements frangais ой cette

espèce a été observée. VEZDA et VIVANT (1972 : 255) y ajoutent les Pyrénées-

Atlantiques.

Ce lichen marque une photophilie assez nette, ce qui explique probablement

sa rareté dans la station étudiée ici.

Espèce à trés large distribution, pouvant être qualifiée de subcosmopolite,

et d'amplitude écologique également assez vaste (voir e.a. SANTESSON 1952 :

433-435). Sous les tropiques cependant, elle n'est connue qu'à l'état foliicole.

STRIGULA ELEGANS (Fée) Müll. Arg. — Un seul thalle, non fructifié mais

pourvu de pycnides, a été observé dans notre matériel.

En France, signalé au bois de la Coudrée en Haute-Savoie (SANTESSON

1952 : 168), d'où il a disparu, dans les Pyrénées-Atlantiques (VEZDA et VI-

Source : MNHN. Paris

LICHENS FOLIICOLES EN AVEYRON 75

VANT 1972 : 254) et en Bretagne (COPPINS 1971 :152).

Espéce pantropicale, trés commune, présente également dans des régions

subtropicales et plus rarement tempérées.

Remarques: 1. C'est à juste titre que SANTESSON (1952 : 161) a mis en

synonymie Strigula buxi Chodat ex Nahas, décrit du bois de la Coudrée. En

1961, CHOISY, dans une description enthousiaste de cette station, a considéré

que ce taxon méritait au moins le rang variétal, &tablissant la combinaison :

Strigula elegans (Fée) Müll. Arg. var. buxi (Chodat ex Nahas) Choisy.

2. Il n'est pas impossible que la mention de ce lichen en Bretagne soit erro-

née. En effet, le Strigula ramassé par un des participants à l'excursion (dont

Coppins fait le compte rendu) au méme endroit (Forét du Cranou, sur Buxus

planté autour du site de St-Conval, Lambinon 70/F/278, LG) s'est avéré étre

5. nitidula Mont. Cette espéce était d'ailleurs déjà mentionnée de cette localité

(JOSIEN 1967 : 829) et c'est sans doute le seul Strigula foliicole connu de

Bretagne.

BYSSOLOMA SUBDISCORDANS (Nal) P. James [= B. rotuliforme (Müll.

Arg.) К. Sant.]. — Une dizaine de thalles, certains fructifiés, sur feuilles et sur

brindilles.

En France, mentionné en Bretagne, sur bruyère et houx (e.a. OZENDA et

CLAUZADE 1970 : 268) et dans les Pyrénées-Atlantiques (VEZDA et VIVANT

1972 : 255-256). Ailleurs en Europe, l'espéce semblait jadis commune en Forét

Noire (Allemagne) (voir e.a. SANTESSON 1952 : 492-493 et SÉRUSIAUX

1976 : 16), ой elle se rencontrait, en compagnie de Catillaria bouteillei, à l'extré-

mité des branchettes de Picea ou d'Abies, principalement sur les lisiéres fores-

tières. Cette association est, semble-t-il, devenue extrêmement rare : nous n'a-

vons pas vu de collections récentes ni de Byssoloma subdiscordans, ni de Catilla-

ria bouteillei sur branchettes de résineux.

Espèce largement répandue dans les régions intertropicales et subtropicales,

plus rare dans les régions tempérées (SANTESSON 1952 : 492-493). En Europe,

elle colonise des substrats trés variés. Sous les tropiques, elle est généralement

foliicole et beaucoup plus rarement épiphyte (p. ex. Burundi, vallée de la Sigu-

vyaye, env. 1750 m, Lambinon 74/1276, LG).

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

CHOISY M., «1960» 1961 — De la lichénologie en général, et des lichens et lichénologues de

Savoie en particulier. 85e Congrès des Sociétés Savantes, Lyon (7), pp. 401-418.

COPPINS B.J., 1971 — Field meeting in Brittany. Lichenologist 5 : 149-174.

JOSIEN M., 1965 - Quelques lichens intéressants des Landes et des Basses-Pyrendes. Rev.

Bryol. Lichénol. «1964» 1965, 33 : 240-243.

JOSIEN M., 1967 — Strigula nitidula Mont., lichen épiphylle en France. Rev. Bryol. Liché-

nol. «1966» 1967, 34 : 829-830.

Source : MNHN, Paris

76 B.DE FOUCAULT, E. SÉRUSIAUX et C. VAN HALUWYN

OZENDA P. & CLAUZADE G., 1970 — Les lichens. Étude biologique et flore illustrée.

Paris, Masson, 801 p.

SANTESSON R., 1952 — Foliicolous lichens I. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 12 (1) : 1-590.

SÉRUSIAUX Е., 1976 — Some foliicolous lichens from the Farlow Herbarium. I, Occ. Pap.

Farlow Herbarium 10 :1-21.

VEZDA А. & VIVANT J., 1972 — Lichens épiphylles des Pyrénées Atlantiques. Bull. Soc.

Bot. France 119 : 253-258.

Source : MNHN. Paris

ERRATUM

UDAR R. and AWASTHI U.S. — A new species of Lejeunea from India. Crypto-

gamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1981, 2 (3) : 345-348, 25 fig.

p.347, - 19 paragraphe, ligne 9 :

lire «but the number of» au lieu de «but the member of».

- 30 paragraphe, ligne 3 :

lire «(Figs. 21, 22, 24, 25)» au lieu de «(Figs. 19-22)».

p. 348, la légende exacte des figures est la suivante :

Fig. 1. — Lejeunea indica Udar et Awasthi sp. nov. 1 : Part of the plant, ventral view, 2:

Part of the plant with perianth, ventral view, 3 : Part of the male plant, ventral view,

4 з Cross-section of the stem, 5-7: Leaves, 8 : Basal cells and ocelli (oil-bodies not

shown), 9 : Median cells with oil-bodies, 10 : Marginal cells, 11 : Part of the leaf-

lobule, 12: Female bract, 13: Young female bract, 14 : Part of the lobule of female

bract, 15 Female bracteole, 16 : Cross-section of seta, 17 : Inner layer of capsule

wall, 18: Outer layer of capsule wall, 19, 20 : Spores, 21-25 : Elaters.

Source : ММНМ Paris

ls duc Din. 325542,

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бен Artist d

ЖАНТЕЛИ ba SE

ERT День, bot gem

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

D. LAMY

SYSTEMATIQUE, NOMENCLATURE

82-1 INOUE Н. - A new species of Plagéochila (Hepaticae) from Tasmania, Brunonia,

1980, 3 (1) : 141-144, 10 fig. (Div. Cryptog., Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 160 Ja-

pan).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Р. matkovekiana sp. nov. de Tasmanie, aff. de P. eirei-

malis (Lehm.) Lehm. et Lindenb.

89-8 IWATSUKI Z. - Notes on genera Рагидерйстетит (Lindb.) Hag. and Nanomi trio-

реїз Card. Misc. Bryol. Lichenol. 1980, 8 (7) : 129-133, 3 fig. (Hatt. Bot.

Lab., Nichinan-shi, Miyazaki-ken, 889-25 Japan).

Descr., ill. et taxonomie de P. nitidum (Hedw.) Reim. et М. Longifolia Card.

Noter Ephemerella caldensts C. Müll. nouv. syn. de P. nitidum.

22-3 KOPONEN T. - A synopsis of Mniaceae (Bryophyta). IV. Таха in Europe, Ma-

caronesia, М.М. Africa and the Near East. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 1980, 17 (2) : 125-

162, 104 fig. (Bot. Mus., Univ. Helsinki, SF-00170 Helsinki 17).

Clés aux genres et aux esp. 29 esp. de Мпіасеає sont présentes en Europe, 5 ou

6 en Macaronésie, 8 dans le nord-ouest africain et 15 au Proche Orient. Distr.

et loc. de chacune des 31 esp. et 1 sous-esp., avec taxonomie, types (sélection

de lectotypes pour 31 taxons). Noter que 32 taxons sont placés en syn. Index.

82-4 KOPONEN T. - The typification of Rhodobryum roseum (Musci, Bryaceae). Ann.

Bot. Fenn. 1980, 17 (2) : 192-194, 1 tabl. (Ibidem).

Lectotype de Atrium roseum Hedw, : chemise n° 1 dans 1'hb Hedwig-Schwaegrichen

(8), type de Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr.

42-5 КОНАНАВА Y. - On the phylogeny of bryophytes - in relation to recent domes-

tic argument on the subject. Mise. Bryol. Lichenol. 1980, В (8) : 161-163, en

Зар., rés.angl.

82-6 MIZUTANI M. - On the Cheilolejeunea ontakenst.

1980, 8 (7) : 146-149, 1 fig., en jap., rés. angl.

-Cheilolaj. ontakensis (Steph.) Hatt. est syn. de Chetlolej. giraldiana (Mass.)

Mizut. Noter la comb. пошу, : Cheilolej. osumiensis (Hatt.) (= Емовтоїеј. o.).

Misc. Bryol. Lichenol.

82-7 NA-THALANG O. - A revision of the genus Riccia (Hepaticae) in Australia.

Brunonia 1980, 3 (1) : 61-140, 3 pl., 14 fig., 1 tabl. (Bot. Dept., Chulalong-

karn Univ., Bangkok, Thailand).

Les caractéres de la spore semblent les plus importants pour la taxonomie des

Ricota, Clé pour identifier les 33 esp. d'Australie. Pour chaque taxon : descr.,

ill., affinités, cytologie. Les esp. sont réparties dans les sous-genres Riccia

(2 sections : sect. Viridisquamata sect. nov. et sect. Riceia, divisée en grou-

pes et sous-groupes) et Æicctella , divisé en'groupes et sous-groupes. Diagn.,

descr., ill. des taxons nouv. : Riccia earoliniana , Р. Lomgiciliata (n=16), В.

areolata (n8), В. blackit, В. olgensis (п-8), В. rorida (n-16), В. papulosa

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol.,1982, 3, 1: 79-94

Source : MNHN. Paris

80 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

var. variabilis, В. spongtosula (n=8), В. collata, Е. luticola, В. duplex Var.

megaspora, В. multifida Var. filiformis, R. m. var. divaricata, R. m. yar. tor

tieolla. Incertae sedis : R. cancellata Tayl. et В. acutteulea Steph, Index.

82-8 NOGUCHI А, - Miscellaneous notes on mosses (6). Mise. Bryol. Lichenol.

1980, 8 (7) : 149-150, бід. 14-15.

16. Phascum acaulon auct. поп L. ex With. est syn. de Brywn capillare L. ex

Hedw. - 17. Ambiystegium flaccidum Broth. et Yas., syn. de А. Косі B.S.G. -

18. Brachytheetun mitidulum (Broth.) Мод. с.п. (=Anbiystegiun n.).

82-8 NOGUCHI A. - On some nomen nudum species of the genus Pterobryopsts appea-

red in the Fleischer's paper of 1905. Mise. Втуо. Lichenol. 1980, 8 (8) :

164-165, en jap.

10 nom. nud. et leur place dans la synonymie.

82-10 OCHI Н. - A revision of the Neotropical Bryoideae, Musci (First Part). J.

Fac. Educ. Tottori Univ., Nat. Soi. 1980, 29 (2) : 49-154, 50 fig. (Biol. Inst,

Fac. Educ, Tottori Univ., Koyama-cho, Tottori, Japan 680).

La sous-famille des Bryoideae est représentée par 350 espèces dans la région

néotropicale : 22 Brachymenium, 11 Acidodontium, 67 Bryum (7 du sous-genre Amomo-

Bryum, 50 du sous-genre Bryun, 10 du sous-genre Rhodobryum (ces 2 derniers sous-

genres seront traités dans la 2° partie)). Clés aux genres, sect., sous-genres,

esp. Pour chaque taxon : descr., taxonomie (nouv. syn.), distr., notes. Diagn.,

deser., 111. des taxons пошу. : Brachimentun sect. Globosa (esp. type : B. glo-

bosm), Aetdodontium lanceolatifoliun du Pérou, Bryum albo~imbricatum pour Bryum

aibidum Broth. іп Herz., B. rotundifolium pour Anomobryum robustum Broth. in

Herz., B. miero-mitidum de Bolivie et du Pérou, B. spimidenticulatun . Brachy-

mentum coaretum Bosch. et Lac. est nouv, pour l'Amérique du Sud, d'autres

taxons sont пошу. pour le Pérou, la Colombie, le Guatémala, le Mexique ou les

U.S.A. Noter B. diehotomum Неди. nouv. pour le Japon.

88-11 UDAR В. and KUMAR A. - А new Cephaloziella from India. Misc. Bryol. biche-

mot. 1980, 8 (7) з 137-139, 30 fig. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Lucknow, Lucknow 226007

India).

Diagn., descr., ill. de C. indica Udar et Kumar, aff. de C. sumatrana Schiffn.

ex Douin.

88-12 WATANABE В. - А note оп Thuidium tibetanun Salmon from Tibet. Misc. Bryol.

Bichenol. 1980, 8 (7) : 145, en jap., rés. angl.

Thuidium tibetamum Salmon est syn. de Diaphanodon blandus (Harn.) Ren. et Card.

VOIR AUSSI : 82-18, 82-30, 82-48, 82-45, 82-64

MORPHOLOGIE, ANATOMIE

89-13 ANDO Н. - Evolution of bryophytes in relation to their sexuality. Proc.

Bmyol. Soc. Japan 1980, 2 (9) : 129-130, en дар.» rés. angl.

La monoécie est une forme évoluée, dérivée de la dioécie dans l'histoire de

l'évolution des bryophytes.

82-14 BOPP M., ZIMMERMANN 5. and KNOOP B. - Regeneration of protonema with multi-

ple DNA content from isolated protoplasts of the moss Funaria hygronetwica,

Protoplasma 1980, 104 (1-2) : 119-127, 5 fig. (Bot. Inst., Univ. Heidelberg,

D-6900 Heidelberg).

Source : MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 81

Par cytofluorimétrie, mise en évidence d'endopolyploïdie dans les cellules de

petits protonémas régénérés à partir de protoplastes isolés de chloronémas et

des cellules les plus jeunes de caulonéma.

82-15 CHOPRA В.М. and REKHI A. - Studies on protonematal differentiation and bud

formation in Timmella anomala. Phytomorphology "1979" 1980, 29 (2) : 179-184,

7 fig., 1 tabl. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Delhi, Delhi 110007 India).

Influence du milieu, de l'éclairage, de la kinétine et de l'auxine, du sucrose,

sur Та germination des spores de Timmella anomala.

82-16 DEGUCHI Н. - Foot of Hedvigia ciliata. Proc. Bryol. Soc. Japan 1980, 2 (9):

126, en jap.

82-17 INOUE S. and ISHIDA К. - On characteristic feature of moss cell-wall. Proc.

Bryol. Soe..Japan 1980, 2 (9) : 127-128, 4 fig., еп jap., rés. angl.

89-18 KAWAI I. - Systematic studies on the conducting tissue of the gametophyte

іп Musci (Il). Anatomical characteristics of stems in some species of Leucobry-

aceae. Set. Rep. Kanazaa Univ. 1980, 25 (1) : 31-42, 3 tabl., 5 pl. (Dept.

Biol., Fac. Sci., Kanazawa Univ., Japan).

Leucobryum scabrum Lac., D. javense (Brid.) Mitt.,5. tector’ Besch., Г. bow-

кімді Mitt., D. netlgherrense C. Müll. ont les mêmes caractéristiques de ti-

ge. Détermination de caractères utilisables en systématique.

82-19 MIZUSHIMA U. - Water relations in Entodon rubicundus (Mitt.) Jaeg.Proc.

Bryol. бос. Japan 1980, 2 (9) : 124-126, en jap., rés. angl.

89-20 NISHIDA Y. - On the development of protonema and the formation of leafy

Shoot of Theriotia Тото а. Misc. Bryol. Lichenol. 1980, 8 (7) : 142-144, 2

fig., en jap., rés. angl.

Noter l'absence de caulonéma dans le stade protonéma de cette esp.

82-21 NISHIDA Y. - Studies on the sporeling of Japanese mosses (1). Campylopodium

euphoroeladum (C. МИТ.) Broth. Misc. Bryol. Lichenol. 1980, 8 (8) : 159-161,

11 fig., en jap., rés. angl.

Protonéma comprenant chloronéma et caulonéma. Germination de type Bryum.

82-22 NISHIDA Y. and IWATZUKI 7. - Studies on the sporeling of Japanese mosses

(2). Encalypta rhabdocarpa Schwaegr. and Tayloria hornschuchii (Grev. et Ar-

nott) Broth. Misc. Bryol. Lichenol. 1980, 8 (8) : 165-168, 2 fig., en jap.,

гёз. angl.

Encalypta rhabdocarpa : protonéma (masse et filament) et germination de type

Encalypta. Tayloria homsehuehti : protonéma filamenteux et germination de type

Bryum,

82-23 RAHBAR K. and CHOPRA R.N. - Preliminary studies оп callus induction in the

moss : Hycphila involuta. 2. Pflanzenphysiol. 1980, 99 (3) : 199-206, 4 fig.,

? tabl. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Delhi, Delhi 110007 India).

Obtention de cals, chez Hyophila involuta cultivé sur Murashige et Skoog; ni-

trate d'ammonium, fer et vitamines en sont responsables. Influence du sucrose,

du 2-4-D et de Та kinétine.

82-24 RAWAT M.S. and CHOPRA В.М. - Role of kinetine in bud development of proto-

nema of Brun klinggraeffii. Phytomorphology 1979, 29 (1) : 34-38, 6 fig., 1

Source : MNHN, Paris

82 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

tabl. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Delhi, Delhi 110007 India).

92-25 SAXENA P.K. and RASHID A. - Development of gametophores from isolated pro-

toplasts of the moss Anoectangiun thomsonii Mitt. Protoplasma 1980, 103 (4) :

401-406, 1 tabl., 1 fig. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Delhi, Delhi 110007 India).

Isolement de protoplastes à partir de filaments protonémaux préplasmolysés.

Ces protoplastes se régénérent en protonémas multicellulaires et portent des

gamétophores feuillés. Conditions d'éclairement, de température, de milieu.

82-26 SAXENA P.K. and RASHID A. - Differentiation of bud-cells on the protonema

of the moss Anoeetangtum thomson Effect of aspirin and salicylic acid. 2.

Pflanzenphysiol. 1980, 99 (2) : 187-189, 1 fig. (Ibidem).

Développement de bourgeons gamétophytiques sur le protonéma.

82-87 SAXENA Р.К. and RASHID A. - Differentiation of caulonema and bud-cells on

the protonema of the moss Anoectangium thomsonit Mitt. - Effect of activated

charcoal. 2. Pflanzemphyeiol. 1980, 99 (4) : 373-377, 2 fig. (Ibidem).

ІП est suggéré que le chloronéma, le caulonéma et les cellules bouryeonnantes

sont des étapes distinctes induites par des substances de croissance différentes

dés les premiers stades de la morphogenése.

VOIR AUSSI : 82-2, 82-10, 82-30, 82-40, 82-48, 82-44, 82-64

ULTRASTRUCTURE, CYTOLOGIE

82-88 BROWN В.С. and LEMMON B.E. - Ultrastructure of sporogenesis in a moss, Di-

Ertohum pallidum IIT, Spore wall formation. Amer. J. Bot. 1980, 67 (6) : 918-

934, 25 fig. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Southwest. Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana

70504 USA).

Polarit& cytoplasmique observée durant l'ontogénie de la paroi et du pore des

spores de Ditr. pallidum, Etude des différents stades. La paroi de la spore mûre

comprend 4 couches : périne, exine, couche intermédiaire, intine. Le pore сопе

tient du matériel fibrillaire entouré par un fin anneau.

82-29 GARG R.G., ARYA K.S. and KUMAR S.S. - Cytological observations on some

West Himalayan mosses. Misc. Bryol. Lichenol. 1980, 8 (7) : 139-141, 15 fig.

(Dept. Bot., DAY College for Men, Chandigarh, India).

Etude cytologique portant sur 7 mousses. Premier décompte chromosomique pour

Brachymentum aeuminatum Harv. in Hook. (1511) et Amblystegium rivicola (Mitt-)

Jaeg. (nell), Noter n-lO pour A. serpens (Hedw.) В.5.6., nombre qui n'est pas en

accord avec les précédents comptages.

82-30 INOUE H. - Chromosome numbers of Japanese Hepaticae (3). Bull. Natl. Sei.

Mus. (Tokyo), Ser. B (Bot.) 1980, 6 (1) : 1-6, 18 fig. (Dept. Bot., Natl. Sci:

Mus., Tokyo, Japan).

Nombre chromosom. et formule chromosom. de 23 esp. d'hépatiques; premier dé-

compte pour 10 d'entre elles. Notes morph. et taxonom. pour quelques-unes. 1

88-31 OOSAKI М. - Chromosome numbers of five liverwort species from Japan. Mise-

Bryol, Lichenol. 1980, 8 (7) : 136, 5 fig., 1 tabl. (Tanoura Junior High

School, Tanoura-cho, Ashikita-gun, Kumamoto-ken, 869-53 Japan).

N-8 pour Maovicaria ulophylla (Steph.) Hatt. et Radula Rojana Steph., n-9 pout

ата assamica (Mitt.) Amak., Frullania taradakensis Steph. et Conocephalun co-

mieum (L.) Dum.

Source : MNHN, Paris:

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 83

VOIR AUSSI : 82-14

PHYSIOLOGIE, CHIMIE

82-32 ASAKAWA Y., TOYOTA M. and TAKEMOTO T. - Three ent-secoaromadendrane-type

sesquiterpene hemiacetals and bicyclogermacrene from Plagiochila ovalifolia

and Plagiochila yokogurensis. Phytochemistry 1980, 19 (10) : 2141-2145, 1 sch.,

1 tabl. (Inst. Pharmacognosy, Tokushima Bunri Univ., Yamashiro-cho, 770 Toku-

shima, Japan).

Mise en évidence des plagiochilines G, Н et I , méthoxyplagiochilines A, A,

et С, ent-3 a-acetoxybicyclogermacréne , ent-maaliol et ent-aromadendrane.

82-33 АБАКАНА Y., TOYOTA М., TAKEMOTO Т., КОВО I. and NAKANISHI K. - Insect anti-

feedant secoaromadendrane-type sesquiterpenes from Ріадіоеніїа species. Phyto-

chemistry 1980, 19 (10) : 2147-2154, 2 tabl., 3 fig. (Ibidem).

L'odeur caractéristique de P. fruticosa, P. hattoriana, P. ovalifolia et P.

yokogurensts est due à la plagiochiline A (sesquiterpéne de type ent-secoaroma-

dendrane). Plagiochilide et furanoplagiochilal A sont nouvellement isolés de P.

y. avec la plagiochiline C. Noter Та présence de plagiochilines А, B et C chez

Р. o. Ces trois substances et la plagiochilide existent aussi chez P. f., plagi-

ochilal A et plagiochiline B chez P. h.

89-34 BJORNDALEN J.E. - Physiological studies of basiphilous pine forests in

Greenland, Telemark, SE Norway. Norveg. J. Bot. 1980, 27 (3) : 139-161, 6 fig.,

9 tabl. (Sog, og Fjordane Reg. Coll., Р.О. Box 39, N-5801 Sogndal).

Mousses citées.

82-85 KRZAKOWA M. - Thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of the

Pleurocladula species (Hepaticae).Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 1980, 49 : 77-83,

2 fig., 2 tabl. (Dept. Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz Univ., 60-594 Poznan, Poland).

L'analyse chromatographique des composés phénoliques confirme les différences

morphologiques entre P. islandica (Nees) Grolle et Р. albescens (Hook.) Grolle.

82-38 VIELL B. - Der Gehalt an phenolischen Substanzen in meristematischen und

differenzierten Zellen des Lebermooses Riella helicophylia. 2. Pflanuenphy-

siol. 1980, 98 (5) : 419-427, 4 fig., 2 tabl. (Inst. Entwicklungsphysiol.,

Univ. Köln, D-5000 Köln 41).

Analyse par méthode fluorimétrique des substances phénoliques contenues dans

les cellules méristématiques et différenciées de Riella helicophylla. Différences

quantitatives mais non qualitatives.

62-87 ViELL B. - Anderungen im Gehalt an phenolischen Substanzen in regenerieren-

den Zellen des Lebernooses Riella helicophylla. Z. Pflanzemphysiol. 1980, 99

(1) : 55-62, 6 fig. (Ibidem).

Le niveau phénolique des cellules en cours de régénération est semblable à ce-

lui des cellules méristématiques de Riella, juste au moment où elles réinitient

Та synthèse de ADN.

VOIR AUSSI : 82-19, 82-23, 82-24

REPARTITION, ECOLOGIE, SOCIOLOGIE

82-38 ВАРНА К.В. and CHAUDURY B.L. - Contributions on Indian Hepatics I. (1951-

Source : MNHN. Paris

84 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

1960). Mise. Bryol. Lichenol. 1980, 8 (8) < 169-172 (Dept. Bot,, School of Ba-

sic Sci. 4 Humanities, Univ. Udaipur, Udaipur, 313001 India) (Bibliogr.)

32-39 BIRSE E.L. - An introduction to the phytosociology of the Whitlaw Mosses

Nature Reserve. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 1980, 43 (3) : 221-234, 4 tabl.

(Macaulay Inst. Soil Res., Craigiebuckler Aberdeen ABS 204, U.K.).

Les principales communautés appartiennent aux classes : Phragmitetea, Molinig-

Arrhenatheretea, Caricetea nigrae et Alnetea glutinosae. Mousses citées.

82-40 CAMPBELL E,0. - A note on Riceta sorocarpa Bisch. Tuatara 1980, 24 (2) :

58 (Massey Univ., Palmerston North, New Zealand).

Nouv. loc, en Nouvelle-Zélande. Descr., comparaison avec R. bifurca Hoffm.

82—41 CORTINI-PEDROTTI C. - La flora briologica dell'Isola di Montecristo (Arci-

pelago Toscano). Webbia 1980, 34 (2) : 707-760, 1 tabl. (Ist. Bot., Univ.,

50121 Firenze, Italia).

Descr. de l'île de Montecristo et de sa végétation. Liste de 33 hépatiques et

129 mousses. 8 hépatiques et 55 mousses sont nouv. pour l'île, Anthoceros mando-

nit Steph. est nouv. pour l'Italie. Données écol.

82-42 DOUGLAS G.W. and PETERSON W.L. - Contributions to the floras of British

Columbia and the Yukon Territory. 11. Mosses and Lichens. Canad. 4. Bot. 1980,

58 (20) : 2145-2147 (Douglas Ecol. Consultants Ltd., 2049 Crescent Road, Vic-

toria BC, Canada У85 209).

Mousses et lichens avec loc. 1 mousse et 5 lichens nouv. pour За British Co-

lumbia et 8 mousses pour le Yukon.

48 GRADSTEIN S.R. and INOUE Н. - Studies on Lejeuneaceae subfam. Ptychantoi-

deae, V. А review of the species from Ceylon. Bull. Nati. бет. Mus., Ser. В

(5022) 1980, 6 (1) : 23-32(Inst. Syst. Bot., Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, The

Netherlands).

Descr., taxonom. de 17 esp. dont Lopholejeunea ceylantca Steph., endémique.

Noter Zemotajewiea emergens (Mitt.) Steph., Sekiffneriolej. polycampa (Nees)

Gradst. поши. pour l'Asie; Mastigolej. aumeulata (Wils.) Schiffn. nouv. pour

Ceylan, Importance des bryoflores de Ceylan et des Seychelles vis-à-vis de

celles de l'Afrique et de l'Asie.

8244 HUBER H. - Eurhynchium striatum und E. angustirete (= E. metteretediii) i

Thre Unterscheidung und ihre Verbreitung in der Umgebung von Basel. Bauhinia

1980, 7 (1) : 13-26, 6 fig., 2 tabl. (im Gehracker 2, CH-4125 Riehen).

82-45 INOUE H. and GRADSTEIN S.R. - Notes on Plagiochilaceae, IX. A review of

the genus Plagéockita (Dum.) Dum. (Hepaticae) in the Galapagos Islands. Bull.

Natl. Sei. Mus., Ser. B (Во%.) 1980, 6 (1) : 7-22, 5 fig. (Dept, Bot., Natl.

Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Japan).

Clé aux 8 esp. de Plagiochila présentes dans les iles Galapagos : P. bureata

(Desv.) Lindenb., P. gutlieminiana Mont., Р. subplana Lindenb. et les endēmi-

ques : p. galapagona Inoue, Р. graditeinii Inoue, P. inouet Grolle, Р. scabri

Mita Inoue et P. epimifera Aongstr. Taxonom, (syn. nouv.), 111., morphol.» !

notes biogéogr.

82-46 IWATSUKI Z., SUZUKI Т. and LIN S.S. - Notes on Fissidens in Taiwan. Мас.

Bryol. Lichenol. 1980, 8 (7): 134-135 (Hatt. Bot. Lab., Nichinan-shi, Miya-

zaki-ken, 889-25 Japan).

Liste des Fissidens récoltés à Taiwan avec loc. F. bogoriensis Fleisch. et Р.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 85

Тавегай в Broth. sont nouv. pour la flore de Taiwan, tandis que P. elmeri Broth.

serait à en exclure.

82-47 KANDA Н. - Collecting bryophytes in Chile, Patagonia and Antarctica. Proc.

Bryol, Soc. Japan 1980, 2 (9) : 131-132, en jap.

82-48 KLEIN R.M. - Ecologia da flora e vegetagao do vale do Itajai. Sellowia

1979, 31 : 1-164, 6 fig.

Descr., écol. et végétation de la vallé de Itajai et liste taxonomique des

mousses, ptéridophytes et plantes supérieures rencontrées.

82-49 MAGILL R.E. - Musci austro-africani II. Bryophyta collections in southern

Africa and southern African type specimens in the National Herbarium, Pretoria.

Bothalia 1980, 13 (1-2) : 127-134, 3 fig. (Bot. Res. Inst., Dept. Agric. Techn.

Serv., Private Bag X101, Pretoria 001, South Africa).

Historique des collections sud-africaines. Catalogue des spécimens types

d'Afrique du Sud conservés au National Herbarium, Pretoria.

82-50 MARSTALLER К. - Die Moosgesellschaften des Verbandes Sehietidion apocarpt

Jezek und Vondracek 1962. 6. Beitrag zur Moosyegetation Thüringens. Feddea

Hepert. 1980, 91 (5-6) : 337-361, 9 tabl., 1 fig. (Sektion Biol., Friedrich-

Schiller Univ., WB Okologie, DDR-6900 Jena).

Communautés de mousses épilithiques thermophiles et héliophiles de l'all. <

Sehistidion apocarpt en Thuringe. Descr, avec composition floristique et distr.

en Thuringe des ass. suiv. : 1'Orthotricho-Grimmictum Stodiek 1937, le Grimmieiun

orbicularis (Demaret 1944) Smarda 1947, le Grimo anodontie - Synirichietum тис

mlie саїсїсоїае Giacomini 1939, le Pseudoleskeelletum catemulatae (Pilous 1961)

Jezel et Vondracek, le Grinmietum ріадіорофіає Marstaller et 1'Orthotrichetun

rupestris (Philippi) Sjögren. Nouvelle révision de l'ordre Grimmietatia anodontis

Smarda et Vanek.

82-51 MARSTALLER R. - Die Moosgesellschaften des Verbandes Phascion mitriformis

Waldheim 1947. 7. Beitrag zur Moosvegetation Thüringens. Feddes Repert. 1980,

91 (5-6) : 363-387, 8 tabl. (Ibidem).

Communautés épigéiques basophiles de l'all. Phascion mitriformis en Thuringe.

Descr. avec composition florist., et distr. en Thuringe des ass. suiv. : l'4—

loinetum vigidae Stodiek, Те Weisietum orispatae Neumayr, le W. tortilis Neumayr,

le Tortuletum revolventis ass. nov., l'Aetometum erispi (v. Krusenstjerna) Wald-

heim, Те Barbuletun convolutae Hadac et Smarda et le Tortelletum inolinatae

(Greter) Stodiek. Révision de l'ordre Barbuletalia ungwieulatae V. Hübschmann.

42-52 MICHEL C. et HAINARD P. - Etude phyto-écologique de 1a tourbiére de Pra

Cornet (Vaud, Suisse). Saussurea 1980, ll : 87-106, 4 tabl., 9 На. (Conser-

уаїоїге et Jard. Bot., Case Postale 60, CH-1292 Chambésy) ,

Mise en évidence de groupes végétaux se rapprochant du Sphagnetwn magellanict

et du Tomenthypno-Trichophoretum par analyse phytosociol. et des cond. du milieu,

82-53 NAKAMURA T. - Habitat of some mosses. 2. From the viewpoint of the growth

form. Proc. Bryol, Soo, Japan 1980, 2 (9) : 121-123, 4 fig., en jap., гёз.

angl.

62-54 OCHI H, - Distributional patterns of mosses, a consideration based mostly

оп bryaceous mosses. Proc. Bryol. Soc. Japan 1980, 2 (9) : 130 -131, en jap.,

res. angl. i

Source : MNHN. Paris

86 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

42-26 SEPPELT R.D. - А synoptic moss flora of Macquarie Island. Austral. Gov. An-

tarct. Div., Techn. Mem. 1980, 93 : 1-8, 1 tabl. (Antarctic Div., Dept. Sci.

& Environment, Melbourne, Victoira, Autsralia).

Géogr., végétation de l'île. Historique des récoltes, liste des esp.

82-56 SEPPELT R.D. - Bryophytes and lichens collected by the visit of Australian

museum personnel to Macquarie Island, Summer 1977-1978. Austral. Gov. Antarct,

Div., Techn. Mem. 1980, 94 : 1-11 (Ibidem).

Liste des loc. visitées, Bryophytes et lichens avec loc.

83-57 SUZUKI T. - Tayloria homschuckii (Grev. et Arnott) Broth. newly found in

Japan, Mise. Bryol. Lichenol. 1980, 8 (8) : 157-159, fig., en Jap.

82-58 TAODA Н. - Useful methods of environmental measurement. 3. Soil pH and soil

moisture content. Pros. Bryol. Soc. Japan 1980, 2 (9) : 123-124, 1 fig., en

Зар., rés. angl.

82-69 ШЕТА Н. and DEGUCHI Н. - Mosses for gardening in the Hata district, Kochi

Prefecture. Proc. Bryol. Soc. Japan 1980, 2 (9) : 133-135, phot., еп дар.»

res. angl.

92-60 WATANABE R. - Thuidium species collected by Dr. & Mrs. Sharp and Dr. Twat-

suki in Taiwan in 1965. Mise. Bryol. Liehenol. 1980, 8 (8) : 155-157, 1 fig.

(N° 12, 20,2-chome, Izumi-cho, Hoya-shi, Tokyo 188, Japan).

9 esp. avec loc., dont 7. contortulun (Mitt.) Jaeg. пошу. pour Taiwan.

VOIR AUSSI 82-3, 82-7, 82-10, 82-12, 82-34, 82-68, 82-64

BRYOPHILIE

22-61 DÜBBELER Р. - Moosbewohnende Asconyceten IV. Zwei neue Arten der Gattung

Octosporella (Pezizales). Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1980, 16 : 471-484,

4 fig. (Inst. Syst. Bot., Menziengerstr. 67, D-8000 München 19).

Descr., ill. des parasites hépaticoles pyrémocarpes : Octosporella omibthoce-

phala (sur Radula complanata) et O. urospema (Sur Frullania dilatata). Relation

vec le genre Dotospora discocarpe. Les Humariacées bryophiles ont tendance à

réduire le nombre des spores dans les asques. Rôle de leur mode de vie.

62-62 DOBBELER P. und ITZEROTT Н. - Zur Biologie von Octoepora Libuasae und 0.

алова, zwei im Moosprotonema wachsenden Pezizales, Nova Hedvigia 1981, 34

(1-2) : 127-136, 3 fig. (Ibidem).

0. Ібфивває infeste les protonémas par des appressoria et des haustorias typi-

ques du genre Ostospora. 0. Полова induit des galles rhizoïdiques chez Pogonztum

Wioides qui sont semblables à des gemmules. Descr., ill. de l'interface hóte-pa-

rasite.

82-63 PARKE J.L. and LINDERMAN R.G. - Association of vesicular-arbuscular mycor-

rhizal fungi with the moss Funaria hygrometrica. Canad. J. Bot. 1980, 58 (17)

1818-1904, 2 fig., 1 tabl. (Dept. Bot. & Pl. Pathol., Oregon State Univ., Cor-

vallis Or. 97331, USA).

E. hygrometrica se développe à la surface du sol des pots de culture d asperae

et de domus epigaeus. Übserv. chez Р. В. d'hyphes et de vésicules ressemblant à

Ses Structures de champignons mycorrhiziques. Descr. de l'ass. entre Funaria et

Source : ММНМ. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 87

des champignons à vésicules arbusculées; celle-ci ne semble pas de nature mutu-

aliste. Importance écol.

OUVRAGES GENERAUX

82-64 WATSON E.V. - British mosses and liverworts. An introductory work, with

full descriptions and figures of over 200 species, and keys for the identifi-

cation of all except the very rare species (foreword by P. RICHARDS). Ed. 3.

Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 1981, xviii + 519 p., 260 fig.

Glossaire. Clés aux mousses et aux hépatiques, utilisant des caracteres micros-

copiques. Synopsis de classification. Descr., ill., hab. des taxons britanniques

avec, si nécessaire, esp. additionnelles et esp. affines. Notes sur l'habitat

des bryophytes. Cet ouvrage, bien illustré et bien présenté, se présente comme

un bon outil de base pour les bryologues amateurs, écartant les complications

de travaux plus exhaustifs.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

D. LAMY

SYSTEMATIQUE, NOMENCLATURE

82-1 AHTI T. - Nomenclatural notes on Cladomta species. Lichenologist 1980, 12 :

125-133 (Bot. Mus., Univ. Helsinki, SF-00170 Helsinki 17).

Nomenclature et taxonomie des Cladonia européens : С. сетобготта (Ach.) Flo-

tow ssp. cervicornis, C. e. ssp. verticillata (Hoffm.) c.n. (= C. v.), C. bacit-

Liformis(Nyl.) Glück. C. portentosa (Dufour) Coem., С. апотава (Ach.) Ahti et

James c.n. (= Baeomyoes a., Syn. : C. pityrea (Flörke) Fr.), C. eonieta (Nyl.)

Robbins ex Allen, C. conoidea sp. nov. de Grande Bretagne (syn. : С. comístea

sensu Asah., contient atranorine et ac. fumarprotocétrarique), С. bacillaris

Nyl., C. eoniocraea auct. et C. ochrochiora Flürke. Тур! са Топ et statut no-

menclatural de Cladonia gorgonia (Bory) Eschw., lichen africain. C. gongonea

Eschw. est syn. de Ciadia aggregata (Sw.) Ny gorgomia auct. doit être nom-

mé C. glaucopallida Vainio. Liste des taxons nouv. proposés par Bory J.B. et non

validement publiés par Flörke en 1809.

82-2 ARVIDSSON L. and GALLOWAY D.J, ~ Degelía, а new lichen genus in the Panna-

riaceae. Idchenologist 1981, 13 (1) : 27-50, 8 fig. (Dept. Pl. Taxon., Univ.

Göteborg, 5-423 19 Göteborg).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Degeiéa gen. nov. des Pannariaceae, caractérisé par un

arrangement périclinal des cellules sur le cortex supérieur, un cortex inférieur

de 2-3 couches d'hyphes périclines а parois épaisses et avec Seytonema comme phy-

cobionte. 11 est affine des Coccocarpiaceae par la structure et l'ontogénie des

apothécies. Phytogéogr. Clé aux 3 esp. : D. duplomarginata (P. James et Henssen)

c.n. (= Pameliella d.), D. durietait зр. nov. de Nouvelle-Zélande et D. gayana

(Mont.) c.n. (= Pamelia g.) esp. type du genre. Descr., ill. et notes pour cha-

que taxon. Noter encore Coecocarpia gayana Var. melanocarpina Nyl. syn. de D. g.

32-3 BUCK М.А. = Trécharta veadae (Ascomycetes : Asterothyriaceae), a new lichen

species from the Southeastern United States, Brittonia 1980, 32 (2) : 222-224,

4 fig. (New York Bot. Gard., Bronx, New York 10458 USA).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Tröcharia veadae Sp. nov., récolté dans le Tennessee,

en Louisiane et en Floride. Habitat corticole.Présence de quelques poils stéri-

les, structures inhabituelles des hyphes et des ascospores.

82-4 MERTEL H. - Systematik der Flechten. Progr. Bot. 1980, 42 : 288-305 (Bot.

Staatssammlung, D-8000 München 19).

Survol des travaux récents en lichénologie, bibliogr.

82-5 HILDRETH К.С. and AHMADJIAN У. ~ A study of Zrebouzia and Pseudotrebouria

isolates from different lichens. Zichenologist 1981, 13 (1) : 65-86, 3 fig.,

4 tabl. (Dept. Biol., Clark Univ., Worcester Mass. 01610 USA).

Des esp. identiques de phycobiontes ont été isolées de lichens tres différents.

Ces symbiontes algaux ne sont donc pas spécifiques de mycosymbiontes particuli-

ers. Les variations importantes dans les détails cellulaires d'une méme esp.

indiquent que les critéres couramment employés pour distinguer les esp, de phy-

cobiontes doivent être trop restrictifs. Clé, descr., ill. de 9 Paeudotrebowria

Source : MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE 89

(esp. пошу. : Р. galapagensis, P. gigantea, P. higginsiae, P. jamesii, P. show-

manii et P. usneae), et de 4 Trebouria ( T. irregularis Sp. nov.).

88-5 KROGH. and fSTHAGEN Н. ~ The genus Ramalina in the Canary Islands. Norveg.

2. Bot. 1980, 27 (4) : 255-296, 40 fig. (Bot. Mus., Trondheimsveien 23 B, 0510

5, Norway).

Descr., chimie du genre. Clé aux 29 esp. représentées dans les Iles Canaries.

Pour chaque taxon : taxonom., descr., ill., chimie, affinités, loc. Descr.,

diagn., 111. des esp. пошу. : Ramalina cupularie (La Palma), Й. deminuta (бопе-

та), 8. hamılosa (Gomera), Я. hierweneie (Hierro). Nouv. syn. P. rosacea

(Schaer. ex Mass.) Hepp est distinct de 8. bourgaeana Mont. ex Nyl. Я. implectena

Nyl, est considéré comme parent morphologique de й. farinacea (L.) Ach. Le genre

Fistulariella Bowler et Rundel est rejeté, et de пошу. éclaircissements sont nē-

cessaires pour Niebla Rundel et Bowler.

82-7 PATWARDHAN P.G. and MAKHIJA U, - Nomenclatural note on three species of

Anthracotheeium. Bryologiet 1980, 83 (3) : 368-369 (Maharashtra Ass. Cult.

Sci., Res. Inst., Pune, India 411004).

Anthvacothecium desquamame МИТ. Arg., А. oligosporum Müll. Arg. sont trans-

férés au genre Leptotrema, et A. hians Müll. Arg. devient Thelotrema nechiane

nom. nov.

82-8 PATWARDHAN P.G., MAKHIJA U. and RANE D. - Three interesting pyrenolichens

from the rain forests of Karnataka State. Cum. Sei. 1980, 49 (23) : 917-918,

6 fig. (Ibidem).

Descr., diagn., ill. de Pleurotrema filispora sp. nov. et de Lithothelium in-

dicum sp. now. Campylotheeiun nitidum МИТ. Arg. est nouv. pour l'Inde.

82-9 ЅІРМАМ H.J.M. - Studies on Colombian Cryptogams. X. The genus Epermiastrum

Hale and related taxa (Lichenes). Proc. Коп. Ned. Akad. Wetenschappen, Ser. С,

Biol. Med. Sei. 1980, 83 (4) : 333-354, 3 fig., 3 pl. (Inst. Syst. Bot., Univ.

Utrecht, 3584 Cs Utrecht, The Netherlands).

Révision des Parmeliaceae à lobes linéaires et cils marginaux de Colombie. Cla,

morphol., chimie et distr. de 12 esp, : Cetrariastrum gen. noy., С. andense (Kür-

nef.) c.n. (= Everntastrum а.), C. dubitans Sp. поу.,0. equadoriense (Sant.) с.

п. (= Parmelia e., esp. type), Evermiastrun cabaubienae (Degel.) Hale, E. cérrha-

tun (Fr.) Hale, E. columbiense (Zahlbr.) Hale, Е. fragile Sp. nov., E. plamum

5р. nov., E. sorocheilun (Vain.) Hale, Е. pezans (Zahlbr.) Hale Pamelina cieefit

5р. now. et Р. swinscawit (Hale) Hale.

82-10 TØNSBERG T. and AHTI T. - Cladonia umbricola, a new lichen species from NW

Europe and Western North America. Norweg. J. Bot. 1980, 27 : 307-309, 1 fig.

(Bot. Inst., Univ. Trondheim, N-7000 Trondheim).

Diagn., descr., 111. de C. umbricola (sect. Cocetferae) esp. пошу. de 1'W de

Та Norvège, des Etats-Unis d'Amérique et du Canada. Comparaison avec С. ро?уфг-

tyla (Flürke) Spreng.

82-11 TSCHERMAK-WOESS E. - Blliptochloris bilobata,gen. et sp. nov., der Phyco-

biont von Catolechia wahlenbergit. PL. Syet. Evol. 1980, 136 (1-2) : 63-72, 4

fig. (Inst. Bot., Univ. Wien, A-1030 Wien).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Elliptochloris bilobata gen. et sp. nov.des Chlorococ-

WES Phycobionte du Catoleckia wahlenbergit, organisation cellulaire et repro-

luction.

VOIR AUSSI : 82-12, 82-13, 82-20, 82-31

Source : MNHN. Paris

90 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

MORPHOLOGIE, ANATOMIE

88-12 HAFELLNER J. and EGAN R.S. - Studies on the genus Speerschnetdera. Licheno-

pm 1981, 13 (1) : 11-26, 24 fig., 2 tabl. (Inst. Bot., Univ. Graz, A-80/0

Graz).

Etude détaillée de Та morphol. et du développement de Speerschneidera euploca

(Tuck.) Trevisan. Ce genre monotypique produit des apothécies lécangraléennes et

des asques de type Lecanora.11 doit garder sa place parmi les Lecanoraceae, prés

de Lecania. Noter la présence d'un seul pigment brun concentré au sommet des pa-

raphyses .

82-13 HALE М.Е. - Pseudocyphellae and pored epicortex in the Parmeliaceae : their

delimitation and evolutionary significance. Lichenologist 1981, 13 (1) : 1-10,

3 fig., 1 tabl. (Dept. Bot., Smithsonian Inst., Washington DC 20560 USA).

Les pseudocyphelles sont des pores remplis d'hyphes médullaires, qui traver-

sent le cortex paraplectenchymateux. L'épicortex perforé est une enveloppe fine,

polysaccharidique, située au-dessus d'une couche corticale láchement organisée.

Rôle dans les échanges gazeux. Importance phylétique.

82-14 LAWREY J.D. - Sexual and asexual reproduction patterns in Parmotrema (Раг-

meliaceae) that correlate with latitude. Bryologist 1980, 83 (3) : 344-350, 2

tabl. (Dept. Biol., George Mason Uniy., Fairfax, VA 22030 USA).

Pourcentage de reproduction asexuée et sexuée selon la latitude. Corrélation

entre la taille des spores, Та production de structures asexuées et celle d'a-

pothécies perforées dans les esp. fertiles.

VOIR AUSSI 82-2, 82-5, 82-11, 82-15, 82-25, 82-29, 82-37, 82-89

PHYSIOLOGIE, CHIMIE

82-15 BUBRICK P. and GALUN M. - Proteins from the lichen Xanthoria parietina

which bind to phycobiont cell walls. Correlation between binding patterns and

cell wall cytochemistry. Protoplasma 1980, 104 (1-2) : 167-173, 1 tabl., 1

fig. (Dept. Bot., Dr. George S. Wise Fac. Life Sci., Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv

Israël).

Par de méthodes cytochimiques, il est montré que Та capacité de liaison des

protéines est liée à la présence d'ac. polysaccharidique en forte proportion

dans la paroi cellulaire et d'une protéine de recouvrement sur la surface de Та

paroi cellulaire du phycobionte. Röle possible de cette protéine dans le phéno-

méne de symbiose des lichens.

89-16 BUBRICK P., GALUN M. and FRENDSDORFF А. - Proteins from the lichen Xantho-

via parietina which bind to phycobiont cell walls. Localization in the intact

Tichen and cultured mycobiont. Protoplasma 1981, 105 (3-4) : 207-211, 1 fig.

(Ibidem).

Les protéines sont localisées dans les cortex sup. et inf. du thalle, et aussi

dans les parois cellulaires du mycobionte cultivé in vitro. Rôle de cette proté-

dne dans la reconnaissance ou l'interaction initiale entre des symbiontes sépa-

гёз. Essai immuno-péroxydase.

82-17 BURTON M.A.S., LE SUEUR P. and PUCKETT K.J. - Copper, nickel and thallium

uptake by the lichen Cladina rangiferina. Canad. J. Bot. 1981, 59 (1) : 91-100,

8 fig., 7 tabl. (Atmospher. Chemistry Div., Air Quality 8 Inter-Environm. Res.

Branch, Atmospher. Environm. Serv., Environn. Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street,

Downsview Ont., Canada M3H 574).

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE 91

L'affinité du Cladina vangiferina pour le nickel est beaucoup plus faible que

pour le cuivre et le thallium, Influence de Та lumière, de la température et du

pH sur ces absorptions. Observation d'échanges cationiques et stoechiométriques.

L'augmentation des concentrations en Cu et ТІ provoque chez ce lichen une perte

correspondante de potassium. La perte de potassium commence à de faibles concen-

trations de Cu et Tl, tandis que des concentrations élevées de manganése et de

nickel sont nécessaires pour provoquer la méme réponse. Comparaison avec Umbiii-

caria mihlenbergti.

82-18 ESTEVEZ M.P., LEGAZ E., OLMEDA L., PÉREZ F.J. and VICENTE C. - Purifica-

tion and properties of a new enzyme from Evermia prunastri, which reduces

L-usnic acid. 2. Naturforsch. 1981, 36 c (1-2) : 35-39, 7 fig., 4 tabl. (Ca-

tedra Fisiol. Veget., Fac. Biol., Univ. Complutense, Madrid-3, Spain).

L'acide usnique déhydrogénase, de poids moléculaire - 450 000, montre un com-

portement allostérique à la fois pour l'acide L-usnique et pour le NADH.

82-19 FASHELT D. - Lichen products of Cladonta stellaris and С. rangiferina

maintained under artificial conditions. Zichenologist 1981, 13 (1) 2 87-91, 5

fig. (Dept. Pl. Sci., Univ. Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada АА 587).

Il n'y a pas de changement notable pour l'acide usnique et l'atranorine, Ce-

pendant les ac. perlatokique et fumarprotocétrarique sont, par unité de poids

Sec de thalle, dépendants de la lumiére.

82-20 FOLLMANN G. und HUNECK S. - Mitteilungen über Flechteninhaltsstoffe. CXXV.

Neue Flechtenanalysen 7.Хоїа Hedvigia 1980, 32 : 445-471 (Naturkundesmus. im

Ottoneum, Kassel, Bundesrep. Deutschl.).

Produits secondaires de 33 taxons ; pour 12 d'entre eux c'est Та 1° analyse.

Détermination quantitative de produits spécifiques pour 19 esp. Noter la pré-

sence d'ac, roccellique chez Catillaria, d'ac. protocétrarique et roccellique

chez Ohtodecton, d'ac. 3-chlorodivaricatique chez Thelomma. Nouv. substances :

la flexiline, isolée d'Uemea flexilis Stirt. Conséquences taxonomiques.

82-21 HUNECK 5. und SNATZKE 6. - Die Absolutkonfiguration der (-)-2-methylen-3-

carboxy-18-hydroxynonadecansäure (Dr. Sinske Hattori zum 65. Geburtstag ge-

widmet). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 1980, 48 : 211-223, 2 fig., 1 schém. (Inst. Bio-

chem. PfI., Forschungszentr. Molekularbiol. Med. Akad. Wissensch. DDR, DDR-

401 Halle/Saale).

La configuration absolue de l'acide (-)-2-méthylène-3-carboxy-18-hydroxynonade-

canoïque, extrait de Parmelia rmthina et de P. madagascariacea а été établie

comme 3(R), 18 (В) par les données CD et la méthode de Horeau.

82-22 KAPPEN L. and SMITH С.М. - Heat tolerance of two Cladonia species and Cam-

pylopua praemoreus in a hot stream vent Area of Hawaii. Oecologia 1980, 47

(2) : 184-189, 3 tabl., 4 fig. (Lehrstuhl f. Bot. II, Univ. Würzburg, D-8700

Mürzburg) .

Etude de Та tolérance à la chaleur de Cladonia skottsbergii, C. oceanica et

Campylopus praemoreus dans une aire géothermique à Puhimau, Намат. Campylopus

semble le mieux adapté à l'environnement chaud; il est capable de coloniser le

sol chaud. Les lichens, particulièrement CZ. skot., ne sont pas adaptés et sont

sensibles à la chaleur . 115 ne peuvent survivre que 18 00 l'impact geothermique

est faible; ils sont dépendants de l'humidité des vents.

82-23 MATHEY A., STEFFAN B. und STEGLICH М. - 1,2-Naphthochinon-Derivate aus

Kulturen des Mycosymbionten der Flechte Trypetheltun eluteriae (Trypetheli-

aceae). Liebigs Ақп. Cham. 1980 : 779-785, 2 fig., 3 tabl. (Bot. Gart. und Bot.

Mus, Berlin-Dahlem, D-1000 Berlin).

Source : MNHN, Paris

92 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

Mise en évidence, à partir de cultures de mycosymbiontes de Trypethelium etu-

terius, d'antibiotiques actifs : trypethelone 1,2-naphthochinone, éther méthyle

de trypethelone, éther de méthyle de 8-méthoxytrypethelone et éther de méthyle

de 4'-hydroxy-B-möthoxytrypethelone.

82-24 TEGLER B. and KERSHAW К.А. - Physiological-environmental interactions in

Lichens XII. The seasonal variation of the heat stress responses of Cladonia

vangiferina, New Phytol. 1981, 87 (2) : 395-401, 3 fig. (Dept. Biol., McMaster

Univ., Hamilton Ontario, Canada 185 4К1).

Etude de Та photosynthése. П y a approximativement un accroissement de 10°C

dans la tolérance à la chaleur chez CZ. rang. entre la fin de l'hiver et le dé-

but de l'été.

VOIR AUSSI 82-13, 82-28, 82-39

REPARTITION, ECOLOGIE, SOCIOLOGIE

95-95 ASPERGES M. - Les lichens Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm, et C. sudphuxina

(Michx.) Fr. en Belgique. 8412. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 1980, 113 (1) : 66-74,

14 fig. (ША, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk).

Descr., morphol. et composés chimiques des 2 esp., observées au SEM, ТІС et

MCI. Distr. en Belgique. C. sulphurina est nouv. pour la Belgique.

88-86 FEUERER T. und HÜHNE N. - Beitrag zur floristischen Kartierung von Flech-

ten in Bayern. 1. Die Gattung Xanthoria, Ber. Bayer. Bot. бев. 1980, 51 : 123-

132, cartes, fig. (Inst. Ecol., Cas. 20127, La Paz, Bolivia).

Clé, ill., cartes de distr. en Bavière de X. polycarpa (Ehrh.) Rieber, X. sie

gans (Link) Th. Fr., X. parietina (L.) Th. Fre. X. aureola (Ach.) Erichs., X.

candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. et X. fallas (Hepp) Arnold.

82-27 HANSEN E.S. - Cetraria nigricascens and C. téiesii found in Greenland.

Lishenlogist 1981, 13 (1) : 97-99, 1 На. (Вос. Mus., Univ. Copenhagen, DK-

1123 Copenhagen).

82-28 LAWREY J.D. - Correlations between lichen secondary chemistry and grazing

activity by Palléfera varia. Bryologist 1980, 83 (3) : 328-334, 4 tabl. (Dept.

Biol., George Mason Univ., Fairfax, YA 22030 USA).

Les limaces, Fallifera varia, sont le plus souvent observées mangeant sur le

lichen crustacé, Aspicilta gibbosa.Du matériel fécal des limaces est extrait de

l'aspiciline. Exp. en laboratoire pour connaitre les préférences des limaces.

Aepieilia ssp. se trouvent en tete, puis viennent : Xanthoparmelia eunberlandia

et Hudita albocaerulescens. Les ac. stictique et protocétrarique sont des com-

posés anti-herbivores.

39-29 LIU T.S., LAI M.J. and LIN H.S. - The cladoni form lichens in Taiwan. Quar-

Тезу 4. Татшап Mus. 1980, 33 (1-2) : 1-35, 31 fig. (Dept. Forestry, Natl.

Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan 107, R.0.C.).

Descr. des 3 genres : Cladia, Cladina, Cladonia. 32 esp., 1 ssp. et 3 var, de

lichens cladoniformes sont représentées à ТаТнап. Pour chaque taxon : descr.,

i11., caract. chimiques, distr. Clé aux sections et esp.

82-30 ROUX Cl. et RIEUX Я. = L'aire minimale des peuplements lichéniques : peu-

plements Tichéniques saxicoles-calcicoles. Vegetatvo 1981, 44 (1) : 65-76, 5

tab]. 5 fig. (Lab. Cryptog.. Univ. P. et M. Curie, 9 quai Saint-dernard,

F-75005 Paris).

Source : MNHN. Paris"

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE 93

Etude de l'aire minimale de 2 communautés saxicoles-calcicoles lichéniques

[sous-ass. avec Caloplaca tenuatula de l'Acptoiltetun caleareae et le typique

Verrucarietun cazzas) par 4 méthodes différentes (courbe aire-espéces, méthodes

Cain et Castro, Boudouresque et Belscher, coefficient de similitude). Seule l'u-

tilisation du coefficient de similitude semble satisfaisant.

82-21 TIBELL L. - Comments on caliciales exsiccatae II. Lichenologist 1981, 13

(1): 51-64, 7 fig. (Inst. Syst. Bot., Univ. Uppsala, P.0. Box 541, S-751 2]

Uppsala).

Descr., ill. de Calíaiun queenstandiaa (Р. Wilson) Tibell, Chaenothecopsis

vaintona (Nadv.) Tibell et Phaeocalieium ройуротасит (Nyl.) Tibell. Noter loc

intéressantes pour C. queenstandiae, Chaenothecopsis nana Tibell, Ch. subpusilla

(Vainio) Tibell, Ch. vaímiona, C. viridialba (Krempelh.) A. Schmidt et Phaco-

calieiun polyporaewn.

82-32 TURIAN 6. - Composants différentiels des croütes lichénoïdes noires colo-

nisatrices des roches basiques (calcicoles) versus acides (silicicoles). Saus-

surea 1980, 11 : 19-26, 5 fig. (Lab. Microbiol. Génér., Dept. Biol. Végét.,

Univ. Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4).

Leproplaca zantholyta est le lichen leproïde jaune citron colonisant secondai-

rement la croûte Tichénoïde noire basophile à (?овосарва + forme cyanophile de

Conosporium sur roches calcaires. Sur la croûte lichénoTde noire acidophile à

Pleurococeus vulgaris Menegh. + Contosporium aeroalgicolum Tur. colonisant le

granite, c'est le Candelariella vitellina qui se developpe secondairement.

82-33 VARTIAINEN T. - Succession of island vegetation in the land uplift area of

the northernmost Gulf of Bothnia , Finland. Дева Bot. Fenn. 1980, 115 : 1-105,

68 fig., 15 tabl. (Munkkiniemen puistotie IB, SF-00330 Helsinki).

Etude de 150 iles durant 11 étés de 1947 à 1969. Descr. de 5 types d'îles à

différents stades de développement, selon des critères botaniques et physiogra-

Phiques. Etude du littoral, de 1'épilittoral et de l'int. des iles boisées

(distr., écol. des unités de végétation, succession végétale). La flore de ces

Îles comprend 291 plantes vasculaires, 96 bryophytes et 93 lichens.

82-84 WILL-WOLF S. - Structure of corticolous lichen communities before and after

exposure to emission from a "clean" coal-fired generating station. Bryologist

1980, 83 (3) : 281-295, 3 fig., 3 tabl. (Water Resources Center, Univ. Wis-

consin, Madison WI 53706 USAS

Les changements dans Та fréquence des esp. entre 1974 et 1978 sont plus impor-

tants dans les communautés exposées à fort pourcentage de 50,, que dans celles

exposées à un faible pourcentage. Dans les premières, plusiebrs esp. présentent

des modes de distr. et une abondance différentes. Etude sur troncs de Quercus

(Ergthrobalamus) ssp.

VOIR AUSSI 82-3, 82-6, 82-8, 82-10, 82-39

POLLUTION

92-25 MASUCH б. - Epiphytische Rindenflechten der Senne als Bioindikatoren der

Luftqualitüt. Вет, Naturwiss. Vereins Bielefeld 1980, Sonderheft 2 : 75-94,

9 fig., 7 tabl. (Römerstrasse 19, D-4790 Paderborn).

Utilisation des lichens épiphytes de Malus domestica et Prunus avium comme in-

dicateurs de pollution atmosphérique. Tolérance à cette pollution; utilisation

de la méthode ТАР. Relations entre les zones lichéniques et le climat, les zones

Tichéniques et les bois de Та Senne. 4

Source : MNHN, Paris

94 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

82-86 SEAWARD M.R.D., BYLINSKA E.A. and GOYAL R. - Heavy metal content of Umbi-

licaria species from the Sudety region of SW Poland. Oikos 1981, 36 (1) : 107-

113, 1 fig. (School of Environm. Sci., Univ. Bradford, Bradford BD7 10Р, U.K.).

Sont étudiés les contenus en Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb et Zn de 7 esp. d'Umbili-

caria de 15 sites différents. Les contenus des thalles sont indicatifs de ce que

contenaient les substrats plus que les concentrations actuelles des substrats.

Pour un site donné, ils sont le reflet de la contamination atmosphérique locale.

Comparaison avec du matériel irlandais.

82-37 WILL-WOLF S. - Effects of a "clean" coal-fired generating station for four

common Wisconsin lichen species. Bryclogist 1980, 83 (3) : 296-300, 4 tabl. |

(Water Resources Center, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706 USA).

Le pourcentage de plasmolyse algale et autres caract. morphol. de Parmelia

bolliana Mill. Arg., P. caperata (L.) Ach., P. rudecta Ach. et Physeia millegra-

ma Degl. sont étudiés еп fonction de leur éloignement de la station. Prés de la

station, P. bolliana et Р. caperata montrent des altérations évidentes.

VOIR AUSSI 82-17, 82-84

VARIA

82-38 LAI M.J. and BOUFFARD D.E. - Lichen and bryophyte collections at Carnegie

Museum. Quarterly J. Taiwan Mus. 1980, 33 (1-2) : 37-43 (Dept. Bot., Taiwan

Mus., Taipei, Taiwan 100, R.0.C.).

CM possède les exsiccata et les types de Austin, Sullivant et Lesquereux,

Grout, Pringle, G.K. Merrill, Hasse, Holzinger, Verdoorn, D.C. Eaton et Faxon,

etc.

OUVRAGES GENERAUX

82-39 KROG H., PSTHAGEN H., TØNSBERG T. - Lavflora. Norske busk-og bladlav. 0510,

Bergen, Tromsø, Univeristetsforlaget 1980, 312 p., ill. noir et coul. (Bot.

Mus., Univ. Oslo, Norway).

Morphol., distr., écol. des lichens en Norvège. Composés chimiques par esp.

Rôle économique des lichens. Etude systématique : clé générale, clé aux esp.

par genres, descr. des taxons avec les noms vernaculaires, et ill. Liste des Э

übréviations des noms d'auteurs de taxons avec leurs dates et leur nationalité.

Glossaire. Synonymie. Index.

Dépôt légal n° 11236 - Imprimerie de Montligeon

Commission paritaire 15-9-1981 N° 58611.

Sorti des presses le 20 mars 1982.

{

Source : MNHN. Paris.

COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL

du CNRS № 258

ÉCHANGES IONIQUES TRANSMEMBRANAIRES

CHEZ LES VÉGÉTAUX

TRANSMEMBRANE IONIC EXCHANGES IN PLANTS

org. : С. Ducet, R. Heller, M: Thellier

Universités de Rouen et Paris VII - 5-11 juillet 1976

organiques Ф localisation d'ions et aspects structuraux et moléculaires @ intervention

d'échanges ioniques dans les régulations intercellulaires

kinetic and thermodynamic considerations, model systems

metabolic and other couplings, ATPases

particular features of anionic transfers

electrophysiology of the ionic transfer

absorption of organic molécules

localization, molecular and structural aspect of the transfers

interference of the transmembrane transfers in other processes than absorption

ion exchanges in cell organites

(69 communications dont 64 en anglais et 5 en français)

21 x 29, 7 - 608 pages - broché 180 Е

286 fig. - 89 tabl. - 30 phot.

ISBN 2-222-02021-2

(co-édition CNRS-Université de Rouen)

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NOUSTE SORGE

Source : MNHN, Paris

SOMMAIRE

G. SAYRE. — Preliminary fascicles of Bryologia europaea. ..........-

1. GUERRA. - Vegetacion briofitica epifita del dominio climacico de

Abies pinsapo Boiss... ee... TON S te ne

P. TIXIER. — Une nouvelle espèce pour le genre Jovetastella : J. aurantia. .

D.H. BROWN, C. VICENTE, and E. LEGAZ. — Urease activity in Peltigera

HE E cer уне елер

С. DELGADILLO and E. PÉREZ-BANDÍN. — Spore liberation in mosses.

I. Problems and perspectives of wind tunnel experiments ..... е

M. LAL and E. CHAUHAN. - Cytochemical studies on sporogenesis in

Physcomitrium cyathicarpum Mitt. Nature of the spore mother cell

М2. EE ро degen tess E Ee

J-P. FRAHM. — Taxonomische Notizen zur Gattung Campylopus. XII . . .

S.O. OLARINMOYE. — Reactions of Radula flaccida Lindenb. & Got-

tsche to leaf leachates and extracts.........................

NOTE

B. DE FOUCAULT, E. SÉRUSIAUX et C. VAN HALUWYN. — Une nou-

velle station française de lichens foliicoles dans le Massif central occi-

dental (Aveyron)

ERRATUM 222-0202. puente US рапа ie е Пао

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE.......:............. ices ts

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE ...................... 5