111

UNUSUAL FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES

FOR JUNGERMANNIALES DETECTED

IN TWO FRULLANIA SPECIES (HEPATICAE)

В. MUES, A. STRASSNER and H.D. ZINSMEISTER *

SUMMARY. — Alcoholic extracts of Frullania dilatata and F. tamarisci have been inves-

tigated for their flavonoids. Seven different flavonoids were isolated from F. dilatata;

luteolin and pedalitin as free aglycones, luteolin 7-glucoside, 7-di-glucoside, 7,4-di-gluco-

side, 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-glucoside and 7,4-O-di-glucoside. From F. tamarisci besides

luteolin (as free aglycone) an acylated luteolin 7-O-glucoside and another acylated luteolin-

7-diglucoside were identified. The species specifity of the flavonoid patterns of both species

was checked by chromatographic comparison of a number of populations and briefly

discussed.

From the 14 Frullania species listed in GROLLE’s «Verzeichnis der Leber-

moose Europas und benachbarter Gebiete» (1976) Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum.

and F. tamarisci (L.) Dum. are the most widespread ones in Europe. According

to K. MULLER (1954-1958), F. dilatata is found from Europe to Asia, but

absent in North America. F. tamarisci seems to be almost spread over the world

(K. MULLER 1954-1958) although this species is regarded by K. MULLER

(1954-1958), GROLLE (1970) and HATTORI (1972) as very variable. The

taxonomy of this «Frullania-tamarisci-complex» is discussed by HATTORI

(1972). Both species belong to the most remarkable liverworts in Europe,

abundantly growing on the bark of trees especially in the humid southwest

European mountain areas. From these regions it is known that Frullania species

may induce allergenic contact dermatitis оп forest-workers, KNOCHE et al.

(1969) isolated from ether extracts of F. tamarisci an active sesquiterpene

lactone with an eudesmanolide skeleton, the (-)-frullanolide, and from F. dilatata

they isolated the (+)-frullanolide. These and similar allergy inducing sesqui-

terpene lactones were later detected in other populations of both species and

^ Fachbereich 16, Botanik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-6600 Saarbrücken, W-Germany.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 111-127.

Source : MNHN, Paris

сп

MILSIANSNIZ OH pUe YANSSVULS 'V ‘SITAW ^i

Com-

pound Structure Fluorescence (350nm):deep purple hRf-values

энн!) ana Hl sBenedict *) TBA ВАМ 15%Н0Ас 4o%HOAC

Fol Luteolin 7-0-8-D-gluco- yellow yellow no fluorescence 35 ав D

pyranoside

Fdla 6-0H-luteolin 7- deep purple orange no fluorescence 40 41 11 16

methylether

ға? Luteolin 7-0-8-D-gentiobio- yellow yellow по fluorescence 15 25 16 44

side

ғаз ` 6-0H-luteolin 7-0- deep purple orange no fluorescence 15 16 2%

glucoside

ron 6-O-luteolin 7,4'-di-0- deep purple brown orange no fluorescence 14 16 28 36

glucoside

Fas Luteolin 7,4'-di-0- deep purple dull yellow yellow-green 15 20 36 60

glucoside

rop Luteolin yellow yellow по fluorescence 74 75 1 ₪

Fix — Acylated Luteolin 7-0-

8-D-glucopyranoside yellow yellow no fluorescence а 12 29 бо

Fty — Acylated luteolin 7-0-

0-D-gentiobioside yellow yellow no fluorescence 37 46 20 бо

1) 2) з)

Mabry et al.

(1970) Neu (1957);

9,1% methanolic solution

Letsinger, Skoog (1955)

Table 1. — Chromatographic data of the flavones of i. dilatata (Fd 1-6) and F. tamarisci (Ftx, Есу)

Reznik,Egger (1961); Krebs et al. (1967)

Source : MNHN. Paris -

FLAVONOIDS IN FRULLANIA 113

in further Frullania species (ASAKAWA et al. 1980). Eremophilane derived

sesquiterpene lactones were isolated additionally by ASAKAWA et al. (1976)

from F. dilatata material from Dordogne (France). Besides those sesquiterpene

lactones KNOCHE et al. (1969) found the biological inactive triterpenoid

friedelin in F. tamarisci. The steroids campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol

were isolated from F. dilatata var. anomala by ASAKAWA et al. (1980). Mono-

terpenes were detected in both species (SUIRE & BOURGEOIS 1977; ASA-

KAWA et al. 1979, 1980). DOUIN (1958) investigated the chlorophylls and

carotenoids of different mosses and liverworts, among them F. tamarisci, and

found 6 bands on paper chromatograms : chlorophyll a and b, a and fcarotene,

lutein and a xanthopyll epoxide. HOLLIGAN & DREW (1971) tested the

occurrence of soluble carbohydrates in extracts of several mosses and liverworts

and found in dried material of F. tamarisci free glycerol, fructose, glucose,

hexitol and large amounts of a polyol. GORHAM (1977) detected the dihydro-

stilbenes lunularic acid and lunularin in both Frullania species as in many other

liverworts too. Further bibenzyls were isolated by ASAKAWA et al. (1981 b)

from both species.

Most of the chemical investigations on both species deal with their lipophilic

components. From earlier studies about the distribution of hydrophilic poly-

phenols, especially flavonoids, in liverworts (MUES & ZINSMEISTER 1978)

it is known that both Frullania species produce flavonoids and at least partly

O-glycosides. In this paper the results of the investigation on their flavonoid

chemistry is discussed. Till now only ASAKAWA et al. (1980) reported the

isolation of a flavonoid from a Frullania species : F. vethii produces «large

amounts» of apigenin 7,4’-dimethylether.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The isolated flavonoids of both species are listed in Tab. 1,

1. THE FLAVONOIDS OF FRULLANIA DILATATA

On two-dimensional thinlayer chromatograms (2D-TLCs) of alcoholic

extracts a number of different phenolic substances were observed. from these

seven flavonoids were isolated and identified. The concentration of other com-

ponents was too low for isolation because of the small amount of plant material

available.

Compounds Fd 1,2,5 and 6 (luteolin-type flavones).

Chromatographic and UV-visible data (Tab. 1, 2) indicate that compounds

Fd 1,2 and 5 are luteolin glycosides. Both acid and enzymatic hydrolyses result

in luteolin (5,7,3',4-tetrahydroxyflavone) as aglycone. This was proved by

cochromatography with an authentic sample in various solvents (see «Experi-

Source : MNHN, Paris

114 R. MUES, А. STRASSNER and H.D. ZINSMEISTER

mental»). The only sugar found in the hydrolysates was glucose which was

proved by cochromatography with authentic glucose in two solvents on cellulose

and silica gel (see «Experimental»). According to the UV-visible data of Fd1 and

2 the glucose is attached to the 7-position of luteolin (MABRY et al. 1970).

Cochromatography of Fdi with luteolin 7-glucoside from Reseda luteola (GEI-

GER & KRUMBEIN 1973) in a number of solvents did not reveal any chromato-

graphic difference between both compounds. 'H and '*C NMR data (Tab. 3)

of Fdl are in accordance with a luteolin 7-O-f-D-glucopyranoside (MABRY

et al. 1970, CHARI et al. 1977, MARKHAM 1982). After acid hydrolysis of

Fd2 besides luteolin as aglycone an intermediate product appears on the thin-

layer plate. This compound was isolated and compared with Fdl. Both are

identical in their chromatographic behaviour, Since only glucose is found after

complete acid hydrolysis, Fd2 must be a luteolin 7-O diglucoside. For complete

structure determination ‘ЗС NMR spectra of this compound were recorded

(Tab. 3). The chemical shifts of the aglycone signals are in good agreement

with those observed for luteolin (CHARI et al. 1977) and those for the sugar

signals agree with two 1 —> 6 B-linked glucopyranose units (MARKHAM

1982). Тһе 67-С signal is shifted 7,9 ppm downfield compared to the 6”-C

signal of the 7-6-D-glucopyranosyl moiety in compound Fd1 and the adjacent

57-С signal is shifted 1,7 ppm upfield. Moreover the chemical shifts of the sugar

carbon signals of Fd2 are almost identical to those of authentic gentiobiose

(B-D-glucopyranosyl 1 --) 6-B-D-glucopyranoside; see «Experimental»)

except for the 17-С signal which in the case of Fd2 is linked with its oxygen

function to the aromatic A-ring of the flavone and appears slightly more down-

field than the corresponding gentiobiose signal (see «Experimental»). From

these data the complete structure of Fd2 is concluded as luteolin 7-O-f-D-

gentiobioside.

The third luteolin glycoside (Fd5) was isolated only in minute amounts

so that its structure could only be tentatively assigned. As in Fd1 and 2 com-

plete acid hydrolysis revealed only luteolin and glucose. Main differences compa-

red to Fd 1 and 2 were observed after treatment with NH3, NA and Benedicts

reagent (see Tab. 1). The absence of a yellow fluorescence after fuming with

NH; indicates a substituted 4’-OH group in the glycoside (MABRY et al. 1970).

The UV-visible data support this conclusion and show moreover a substituted

7-OH group. The combination of low hRf-value in TBA and other nonpolar

solvents and of relatively high hRf-value in 15 Ф HOAc is significant for 7.4'-

glycosylated apigenin and luteolin glycosides (MARKHAM & PORTER 1975 a,

MARKHAM et al. 1978). Thus compound Fd5 is tentatively regarded as luteolin

74'-diglucoside.

The fluorescence of compound Раб is the same as for Fdl and 2 before

and after treatment with the various reagents (Tab. 1); but its hRf-values indi-

cate that it is not a glycoside. Thus acid hydrolysis did not affect this flavonoid

at all. After trimethylsilylation (TMSi) the molecular ion in the MS of TMSi-

Fd6 appears at m/z = 574 corresponding with a flavone with four silylated

hydroxyl groups. Two of these groups belong to the A-ring, because fragments

Source : MNHN. Paris

FLAVONOIDS IN FRULLANIA 115

Fd 5: R,R' = Glucose

Fd 6: R,R! =н

Fd 3: R = Glucose; R' = H

Fd 4: R,R' = Glucose

Fd 1 а: R = CH}; R' = H

Fig. 1. — Structures of flavones isolated from Frullania dilatata. (See also Table 1).

due to retro-Diels-Alder (RDA) cleavage (MABRY & MARKHAM 1975) are

observed at m/z = 296, 296-15 and 296-89. From these results it was obvious

to compare Fd6 with an authentic sample of luteolin. Both compounds were

completely identical in their chromatographic properties. Therefore Fd6 is

luteolin.

The natural occurrence of luteolin as a free aglycone in this liverwort is

highly probable because extraction and isolation were performed under mild

Source : MNHN, Paris

Tab. 2. — UV-visible absorption data! of the flavones of F. dilatata (Fdl-6) and F. tamarisci (Ftx, Рту).

911

e меон NaOMe aci A1c1,/H01 Sege Na0Ac/H.BO.

pound 3 3

таз 348 267eh 254 39% 298sh 2647) Ae 329 298sh 387 259 geben 257 372 259

274 268

Fala 348 282 אסא‎ Johan 2743) №2 301 281 372 295 283 360 28286 356 280 27üsh x

273 26osh 275sh 263sh 261sh S

таз 348 26Teh 254 394 3ogen 2662) 429 333 2996Һ 386 3599h ез 258 371 258 за

215 295sh 273 >

таз 3&6 28h 257 393 Joosh 26880) мам 302 273 368 296 абе 362 275 26» 276 267 3

ғаз 346 283 399 2T0sn?) 378 294 2618һ 269 294 261sh 354 280 383 283 A

(agiycone) Е

Fah — 33 282 36isn зозаһ 265") 363 295 259sh 357 294 257еһ 3losh 267 329 283 Ж

таз 335 27o 2505 379 322эһ 29781!) 38hen 351 298зһ 383sh 349 2956 326 260 335 269 СЯ

272 275 276 т

таб 38 290 267 №58 325 271?) 421 329 3olen 386 258 295еһ 396 325e 271 93en 371 — 3ozeh Д

254 2h2ah 272 27h 264 261 2

кек 346 293аһ 273sh bob — 3oher ei ` ug 335 298sh 39hsh 35h 29886 415 259 358 285sh 256sh 5

253 27658 2015 276sh 252 5

Fty 347 283sh 2680n іле 2742) u22 362sh joosh 368sh 360 — 297sh о? 260 368 259 ₪

254 273 2T5sh 263 a

trgywere recorded using standard procedures (Mabry et al. 1970); yalues are given inlmax, nmi

; Jaen ased intensity in ВАТ compared to MeOH-spectrum;stable ^ decomposition of the spectrum

within a minute ecroased intensity in ВАТ compared to MeOH-spectrum;stable

Source : ММНМ Paris

FLAVONOIDS IN FRULLANIA 117

Tab. 3. — NMR-data of the flavone glycosides Fd1 and Fd2 from F. dilatata"

Fdl

THANMR-data : Н-6':7.44(94;2,5;8,4); H-2':7,41 (832,5); H-5:6,89(d;8,4);

H-8:6,78 (d. H-3:6,75; Н-6 :6,44(4;2,5); H-17:5,08(d;7,4);

H-2"-H6 7 (m).

13C-NMR-data: 182,2(C-4); 164,8(C-7)*; 163,2(C-2)*; 161,0(С-5); 157,3(C-9);

150.0(C-4"); 145,9 (C-3)); 121,7(C-1”); 119,6(С-6); 116,4(С-5?;

113,7(C-2’); 105,7(C-10); 103,5(C-3); 100,3(C-1"); 99,9(C-6);

95,3(C-8); 77,3(C-5"); 76,4(C-3"); 73,3(С-2”); 69,9 (C-4"); 60,9(C-6”).

Fd2

!SC.NMR-data : 182,0(С-4); 164,7(C-7)"; 163,0(C-2)*; 161,0(C-5); 157,1(C-9

150,0(C-4); 145,7(С-2); 121,5(C-1); 119,5(С-6); 116,2(C-5);

113,6(С-27); 105,6(С-10); 103,5(C-3); 103,2(С-1”); 100,0 (C-1");

99,8(C-6); 95,2(C-8); 77,0; 76,7; 764 (С-3”, 3", 5”); 75,6(С-57);

73,6; 73,2(C-27, 27); 70,2; 69,5(C-4", 4"); 68,8(C-6"); 61,2(C-6").

1. Spectra were recorded in DMSOgg on a Brucker WM 400 spectrometer. Values are

given in ppm (d-scale) relative to TMS as an internal standard. Numbers in parentheses

denote coupling constants in Hz. Signals are singlets unless otherwise stated : d = doublet;

dd = double doublet; m = multiplet (correlations according to MABRY et al. 1970, CHARI

et al. 1977, MARKHAM 1982).

* may be inversed.

conditions (see «Experimental», further more a cleavage of luteolin glycosides

was never observed during the separation process. It is not likely too, that the

aglycone originates during the drying process of the plants because it is also

detectable in alcoholic extracts of fresh plant material. MARKHAM and co-

workers found luteolin and/or apigenin (5,7,4’-trihydroxyflavone) as free

aglycones already in various liverwort species such as Marchantia polymorpha

(MARKHAM & PORTER 1974), M. berteroana (MARKHAM et al. 1978 a),

M. macropora (MARKHAM & PORTER 1975b), Riccia crystallina (MAR-

КНАМ & PORTER 1975 с) and they observed acacetin (4-OCH3-apigenin)

in M. berteroana plants with large numbers of gemmae cups on the thallus

surface (MARKHAM & PORTER 1978). This is the first report on isolation

of luteolin from a species of the liverwort order Jungermanniales.

Compounds Fd3 and 4 (6 -hydroxyluteolin-type flavones).

Following the chromatographic and UV-visible data both compounds were

supposed to be flavone glycosides with an orthodihydroxy group in the B-ring

(MABRY et al. 1970). Nevertheless it was unusual that the fluorescence of

Source : MNHN. Paris

118 В. MUES, A. STRASSNER and H.D. ZINSMEISTER

compound Fd3 did not change to yellow after fuming with NH. Such a beha-

viour is observed for 6-substituted Йауопез. А 6-hydroxygroup is indicated

by the instability of the NaOMe-spectrum. The absence of а bathochromic

shift of Band II after addition of NaOAc and no Band III (BACON et al. 1976)

in the NaOMe spectrum led to the conclusion that the 7-position must be

substituted. Hydrolysis of the glycoside with 1N TFA revealed an aglycone with

chromatographic and UV-visible data identical to 6-hydroxyluteolin and glucose

as the only detectable sugar. For further characterization the glycoside was

permethylated (PM) and perdeuteromethylated (PDM) and mass spectra were

recorded (Tab. 4). The molecular ions at m/z — 576 (PM) and 600 (PDM)

clearly confirm the structure of Fd3 as a 6-hydroxyluteolin mono-O-glycoside.

Таһ.4.- MS-data of the flavones Fd1a, Fd3, Fd6 from F. dilatata*.

ғала

a) РМ: М':372(31); M'-15:357(100); М*-31 :341 (18); A1-15:195(7);

А1-43:167(20); By :162(12); B1-15:147(10)

b) PDM: M*:384(32); M*-18:366(100); M*-34:350(3); A1-18:198(6);

A1-46:170(27); By :168(10); By -18:150(9)

a) PM. М/:576(17); A**H:358(37); А*+Н-15:343(98); 218(17); 187(46);

155(26); 111(100); 101(92)

b) PDM: М':600(19); A*«H:370(29); A*«H-18:352(100); 230(18); 196(38);

161(29); 114(78); 107(89)

Рав

TMSi-derivative : M':574(2); M*-15:559(73); М"-72:502(100); М*-87:487(19);

M*-103:471 (35); М?-160:414(10); M*-175:399(18); A1 :296(4);

А1-15:281(5); А1-89:207(23)

* Values are given in m/z and in parentheses the % abundance relative to the base peak.

The intensity of the M*-signals with 17% (PM) and 19% (PDM) is a further

proof for 7-O-glycosylation because WAGNER & SELIGMANN (1973) and

SELIGMANN & WAGNER (1975) have shown that the molecular ions of.

flavone-O-glycosides with sugars at other positions than 7 have intensities less

than 10% of the base peak or they are even absent. The fragment peaks А+ H-15

(PM) and A*« H-18 (PDM) demonstrate that the substituent at C-6 in the original

glycoside is an OH-group and not an OCH or any other function. Typical

РМ (РОМ) hexose fragments are observed at m/z = 218 (230), 187 (196), 155

(161), 111 (114) and 101 (107) (VAGNER & SELIGMANN 1973). Cochroma-

tography of the sugar in the acid hydrolysate revealed identity with authentic

Source : MNHN. Paris

FLAVONOIDS IN FRULLANIA 119

glucose, but not with galactose or another common hexose. The glycoside is

also hydrolyzed within 2 hours with B-glucosidase. Comparison of Fd3 with an

authentic sample of 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glucoside from Neurolaena oaxa-

сапа (Compositae; ULUBELEN et al. 1980) in seven solvents on cellulose

and in two solvents on polyamide showed identity of both compounds, There-

fore the structure of compound Fd3 is defined as 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glu-

coside.

Compound Fd4 proved to be a second 6-OH-luteolin glycoside. The UV

spectra of the glycoside are different to those of Fd3 indicating possible substi-

tution at the 7 and 4"-position (Tab. 2). Acid hydrolysis gave again 6-OH-luteo-

lin and glucose as the only sugar. After mild acid hydrolysis (0,01 N TFA,

30 minutes) an intermediary product was isolated which was chromatographi-

cally identical to Fd3. Hence from these few data compound Fd4 is supposed

to be the 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 4"-diglucoside.

Compound Fd 1а

Although fluorescence before and after treatment with different reagents

(Tab. 1) and UV-visible data of this compound (Tab. 2) are similar to those

of Fd3 the hRf-values suggest an aglycone, hence the compound is unaffected

by acid hydrolysis. The instability of the NaOMe spectrum is caused by the

presence of a 6-OH group. No clear conclusion was possible regarding the 7-posi-

tion because of the sensivity against alkaline treatment. Therefore the PM and

PDM ethers of this compound were analyzed by MS (Tab. 4). The m/z-values

of the molecular ions of both derivatives clearly suggest for the original com-

pound to be an aglycone with one methoxyl and four hydroxyl groups. The

UV-visible data indicate the presence of free 5,6,2 and 4'-OH groups so that

the methoxyl group must be attached to the 7-position. This conclusion is

confirmed by the presence of RDA-fragments А1-15(-18) and By at m/z = 195

(198) and m/z — 162 (168) respectively. The presence of a 6-OH group in the

origina! 2glycone at the 6-position is proved by the fragment М'-15 = 357

(10095) in the PM and М*-18 = 366(100%) in the РОМ derivative. In PM and/or

РОМ 8-ОН flavones the M'-peak is the base peak but not the M*-15 one (NIEL-

SEN & MOLLER 1970, GOUDARD et al. 1979). Additionally to those infor-

mations it was possible to compare Fd 1a with an authentic sample of pedalitin

(7-methoxy-6-hydroxyluteolin; KRISHNASWAMY et al. 1968) obtained from

acid hydrolysis of pedalitin. Both flavones were found to be identical so that it

was possible to assign the structure for Fd 1a as pedalitin. This is the first report

of pedalitin from any bryophyte.

И. — FLAVONOIDS OF FRULLANIA TAMARISCI

On 2D-TLCs of alcoholic extracts from this species much less spots were

observed than on those of F. dilatata. Besides four spots possibly representing

flavonoids in such low concentration that they were observed only after treat-

Source : MNHN, Paris

120 К. MUES, A. STRASSNER and Н.Р. ZINSMEISTER

ment of the thin-layer plate with NA, two deep purple spots appear before

the plate is sprayed with NA and turn yellow with NA. These two compounds

were isolated but in comparatively low amounts (see «Experimental»).

Compound Ftx

This flavonoid is easily soluble in water, but almost insoluble in MeOH,

Chromatographic and UV-visible data (Tab.1, 2) suggest for this flavonoid a

3'A-dihydroxygroup, а бее 5-OH- and a substituted 7-OH-group. The Rf-

values are those for a glycoside although the low Rf-value in ТВА is somewhat

unusual for a common flavonoid glycoside. Total hydrolysis of Ftx yielded

luteolin and glucose. The identity of both was proved by comparison with

authentic samples. Additionally a weak blue fluorescing spot appeared on the

starting point in the sugar solvent. Preliminarily these results would suggest

a luteolin 7-0 glucoside similar as those of F. dilatata, but the Rf-values of Ftx

are completely different. Thus Ftx must be further substituted at the 7-O-sugar,

because all other luteolin hydroxyl groups are considered to be free according

to UV-visible data (MABRY et al. 1970). There was no hydrolysis of the glyco-

side with B-glucosidase. Remarkably was the high hRf-value (almost in the

front) of Ftx in water as solvent on cellulose, characteristic for free carboxyl

groups as for instance in glucuronides. But B-glucuronidase did not hydrolyze

the compound. This coincides with the previous result, that no glucuronic

acid had been detected after total acid hydrolysis. To separate the suspected

acid moiety from the glycoside it was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis. The

resulting glycoside did not move in water. A weak blue fluorescing acid was

detected in the diethylether phase after acidification of the hydrolysis mixture,

moving with water as solvent almost in the front; however none of the common

blue fluorescing сіппатіс or benzoic acids was identical. The luteolin glycoside

after alkaline hydrolysis was still different from Fd1 or 2. A subsequent mild

acid hydrolysis gave now besides luteolin and a further blue fluorescing com-

pound a deep purple spot which showed the same chromatographic behaviour

аз Fd1. It is therefore concluded that compound Ftx is luteolin 7-monogluco-

side with an unknown acyl function. The nature of the acyl group, probably

a phenolic acid, has not been positively determined due to the minute amounts

of isolated glycoside.

Compound Fty

This substance is soluble in MeOH and aqueous MeOH. Its fluorescence and

UV-visible data are similar to those of Ftx, but most hRf-values are strikingly

different, especially in TBA (Tab. 1). Again neither B-glucosidase nor B-glucu-

ronidase cleave the glycoside; after complete acid hydrolysis, luteolin and

glucose are the only identified products. A blue fluorescing spot was again

observed on the starting point in the solvent; Cs Hs N-EtOAc-HOAc-H;O

(36:36:7:21) on cellulose. As in the case of Ftx, Fty was supposed to be an acy-

lated luteolin 7-glycoside and consequently it was submitted to alkaline hydro-

Source : MNHN, Paris

FLAVONOIDS IN FRULLANIA 121

lysis. The flavone glycoside resulting from this reaction was chromatographically

identical with the luteolin 7-diglucoside (Fd2) of F. dilatata. Therefore com-

pound Егу is tentatively identified as luteolin 7-gentiobioside with an unknown

acyl function at the sugar moiety.

Acylation of flavonoid glycosides has been observed already in other liver-

worts, but not in the Jungermanniales. MARKHAM (1977) detected acylated

derivatives of apigenin 7-glucoside, apigenin 7,4’-diglucoside and isoscutellarein

7-glucoside in Haplomitrium gibbsiae, MARKHAM ег al. (1978 b) isolated

luteolin 7-glucuronide-3'-momo(trans) ferulylglucoside from Riccia fluitans

and THEODOR et al. (1981) found in Metzgeria conjugata and Apometzgeria

pubescens apigenin 6-С- &-L-arabinopyranoside-8-C-B-D-(2"-O-ferulyl) gluco-

pyranoside. This is the first report on acylated flavone glycosides from a species

of the order Jungermanniales. As a third flavone of F. tamarisci luteolin was

identified occurring in traces as a free aglycone. The results on the two main

flavonoids Ftx and Fty of F. tamarisci have shown, that both glycoside are

essentially the same as Ed) and Fd2 of F. dilatata. Nevertheless the acylation

of both compounds represents an additional biosynthetic step which was not

observed with any flavonoid of F. dilatata. Thus the acylation is one main

difference between the flavonoid patterns of both species. Other differences

are the absence of 6-hydroxyluteolin derivatives in F. tamarisci and the relati-

vely low amount and number of flavonoids. Consequently both Frullania species

are easy to distinguish by their chromatograms of alcoholic extracts. The occur-

rence of the free aglycones luteolin and pedalitin in Г. tamarisci and/or F.

dilatata is remarkable since the only further report of a free aglycone in a

species of the order Jungermanniales was the one of ASAKAWA et al. (1980)

on 7,4’-dimethoxyapigenin in Г. verhii

For deciding whether the detected flavonoid patterns of F. dilatata and

Е. tamarisci are specific for each species 18 (F. dilatata) and 11 (F. tamarisci)

populations respectively were chromatographically compared, As may be seen

from Tab. 5 and 6 the plants were collected almost throughout the year, from

a wide range in Europe and both from epiphytic and terrestrial substrates.

Resulting from this comparison compounds Fdl, 2, 3 and 6 and Ftx and Fty

are easily detectable on most 2D-TLCs of investigated populations; quantita-

tive differences were observed. Fdla is often overlapped by the big spot of

Fd1. The glycosides Fd4 and Fd5 occur in such minute amounts, that they

are undetectable on the 2D-TLCs of extracts of some populations. Thus the

marker flavonoids for Г. dilatata are the glycosides Fd1, 2 and 3. In three

populations of Е. tamarisci (№ 6, 7 and 11) the amount of flavonoids was

so low that they were almost undetectable on TLCs. Comparable differences

were not observed for the investigated populations of F. dilatata. Hence it

might be concluded, that P. tamarisci undergoes larger fluctuations in the

quantity of its flavonoids than F. dilatata. This feature is in accordance with

the morphological variability of this species. Nevertheless no other flavonoid

or any additional phenolic compound was observed as main spot on the chro-

matograms of both investigated species than those reported in this paper.

Source : MNHN, Paris

122 В. MUES, А. STRASSNER and H.D. ZINSMEISTER

Таһ.5.- Li dilatata : Sources of investigated populations

E : Epiphytic growth, 5 : growth on soil over rocks; date of collection in ( )

All specimens were collected and determined by К. Mues, except : 9, 10, 14 (V. John),

13 (Р. Porwoll)

1. Switzerland, Kanton St. Gallen, near Wangs, 600 m, E (1 January 1972)

2. Switzerland, Kanton Wallis, Super-Nendaz, 1500 m, S (29 July 1978)

3. Switzerland, Bernese Alps, near Interlaken, 1000 m, E (28 August 1982)

4. Austria, near Klagenfurt, Rückersdorf/ Vellach, 500 m, Е (21 July 1980)

5. France, са 100 km north of Limoges, 100 m, E (31 August 1980)

6. France, Les Landes de Gascogne, 80 km south of Bordeaux, 20 m, E (7 September 1980)

7. France, Chátel St Germain near Metz, 150 m, E on Juglans regia (3 May 1981)

8. France, Châtel St Germain near Metz, 150 m, E оп Prunus spinosa (3 May 1981)

9. France, Le Coudon north of Toulon, 300 m, E (3 July 1981)

10. France, Départ. Var, east of Hyéres, 235 m, S, Coll. (5 July 1981)

11. France, Les Landes de Gascogne in Lit-et-Mixe, 20 m, E (9 July 1981)

12. France, Les Landes de Gascogne near Contis, 20 m, Е (14 July 1981)

13. Italy, Abruzzen, Mte Amaro Piccolo, 1500 m, E (10 July 1981)

14. Turkey, Prov. Mugla between Bayier and Kizilyer, 450 m, E (31 March 1982)

15. W.Germany, Kaub/ Rhein, 100 m, E (9 Мау 1973)

16. W-Germany, Cochem/ Mosel, 100 m, E (24 March 1979)

17. WGermany Hemmersdorf/ Saar, 350 m, E (23 April 1981)

18. W-Germany Wadern/Saar, 300 m, E (15 April 1982)

Tab.6.— F. tamarisci : Sources of investigated populations

E : epiphytic growth, S : growth on soil over rocks; date of collection in ( )

All specimens were collected and determined by В. Mues, except : 1 (coll. and det. by

E. Sauer), 3, 4 (det. by R. Grolle)

. Norway, Stord, 50 m, S (7 August 1967)

+ Switzerland, Bernese Alps, near Innertkirchen, 900 m, S (29 August 1982)

Spain, Tenerife, Anagagebirge, 900 m, E (29 March 1974)

Spain, Asturia, Oviedo near Bandujo, 300 m, 5 (1 September 1980)

Spain, Asturia, Oviedo near Puerto Ventana, 1000 m, S (1 September 1980)

France, Waldecklake near Bitche, 250 m, E (28 june 1981)

France, Les Landes de Gascogne in Lit-et-Mixe, 20 m, E (23 July 1981)

- W-Germany, Kaub/ Rhein, 100 m, S (14 March 1968)

- W-Germany, Lorch/ Rhein, 200 m, 5 (8 Мау 1973)

- W-Germany, Сосһет/ Mosel, 100 m, S (24 March 1979)

W-Germany Birresborn near Gerolstein, Eifel, 500 m, Е (8 June 1981)

Another interesting question in relation to the taxonomy of both species

was, whether other species of the same and different subgenera are similar

in their flavonoid pattern. Up to day this question can only be partly answered.

From the subgenus Frullania (classification according to GROLLE 1976) only

one population of Р, fragilifolia (Tayl.) Gott. et al. was available. Compounds

Source - MNHN. Paris

FLAVONOIDS IN FRULLANIA 123

Ftx and Fty are here also the main flavonoids and the 2D-TLC is almost iden-

tical with those of F. tamarisci. On the other hand F. tamarisci ssp. obscura

from Japan produces at least one additional main flavonoid besides Ftx and

Fty and some minor ones, The flavonoid pattern of this subspecies supports

hence the separation from the type species,

F. dilatata belongs into the section Trachycolea of subgenus Trachycolea

Unfortunately it was yet not possible to compare another species of this section.

But from another section of the same subgenus, section Integrifolia, F. jackii

Gott. has a completely different 2D-TLC.

These first results on comparative flavonoid chemistry of the genus Frullania

may suggest, that Frullania species differ not only in morphological features

but also in their flavonoid patterns, After chemical investigation of 23 Frullania

species ASAKAWA et al. (1981 a) found two chemotypes : one with (Type A)

and the second without sesquiterpene lactones (Type B). But as they point out,

«these types are found scattered in species of different subgenera and sections,

so that they do not seem to be useful taxonomically». In different Frullania

species ASAKAWA et al, (1981 а, b) found bibenzyl derivatives which they

consider as «very significant chemical markers for Frullaniaceae». For a final

judgement whether phytochemical data of the genus Frullania are taxono-

mically relevant, different classes of compounds have to be considered carefully

EXPERIMENTAL

Voucher specimens from both species are deposited in the Herbarium of the

Fachrichtung Botanik, Universitat des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken.

Extraction and isolation procedure :

All specimens used for extraction were carefully separated from other plant

material, if necessary under binocular.

а) 22 g air dried material of F. dilatata consisting of gametophytes and sporo-

phytes were used for isolation and identification of flavonoids : plant material

of the populations 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 14 and 16 were pooled, after 2D-TLC compa-

rison, because the flavonoid pattern of these populations was identical (2D-TLC).

b) 80g air dried material of F. tamarisci consisting of gametophytes and

sporophytes were used for isolation and identification of flavonoids: plant material

of the populations 9 and 10 were pooled, because the flavonoid pattern of

both populations was identical (2D-TLC). Extraction and isolation of the fla

vonoids was performed as described previously (MUES & ZINSMEISTER

1975).

The following amounts of compounds were isolated from Р. dilatata (the

percentages refer to the dry mass) :

Е41 32mg (0,15 %); pale-yellow needles from MeOH; m. p. 295-305°C (un-

Source- MNHN, Paris

124 R. MUES, A. STRASSNER and H.D. ZINSMEISTER

corrected)

Fd2 22 mg (0,1 %); pale-yellow microcrystals from EtOH/H20; m. р. 230-

235°C (uncorrected)

Fd3. approximatively 10 mg (0.05 %); not crystallized

Fd4 approximatively 1 mg (0,005 %); not crystallized

Е45 approximatively 1 mg (0,005 %); not crystallized

Fd6 approximatively 2 mg (0,01 %); not crystallized

Fdla 1 mg (0,005 %); yellow needles from EtOAc/ MeOH/ H20

Total amount of isolated flavonoids from F. dilatata г about 69 mg (0,3%).

The two isolated flavonoids of F. tamarisci :

Ftx 2 mg (0,0025 %); precipitated from EtOAc/EtOH/H20

Есу 1 mg (0,001 %); yellow microcrystalline globules from НгО; m. p. 274°C

(decomp.) (uncorrect.)

Chromatography and acid hydrolysis was performed according to THEODOR

et al. (1980). Mild acid hydrolysis was done with 0,1 N TFA (Trifluoroacetic

acid) for 30 minutes, enzymatic hydrolysis with -glucosidase (Fluka, Buchs,

Switzerland) at 35°C between 1 and 24 hours. Alkaline hydrolysis as described

by MARKHAM (1977). Sugar analysis was done as described by MUES (1983,

in press). Additionally the sugars were chromatographed on silica gel TLC

with n-BuOH-HOAc-HO = 4:1:5 (upper phase, BAW).

Chemical derivatization :

Permethylation and perdeuteromethylation were carried out modified accor-

ding to BRIMACOMBE et.al, (1966). Purification and preparation of the PM

and/or PDM ethers as described in MUES (1982).

Persilylation of luteolin : 0,5 mg luteolin were dissolved in 1 ml pyridin and

1 ml BSA (bis-trimethylsilylacetamid) were added. The mixture was sealed

and after 4 hours used directly for MS. UV-spectroscopy and MS were carried

out as described in MUES (1982).

€) Procedure for 2D-TLC screening : as described in MUES (1983, in press).

13 c. MME data of standard gentiobiose : (Values given as indicated in Tab. 3) :

103,0(C-1*); 96,7(С-1); 76,8; 76,7; 76,6(С-3,2,57; 75,1: 741 (С-2,5); 70,1:

70,0 (C44): 68,8(C-6); 61-0(C-6)).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. — We thank Dr. E. Sauer (Saarbrücken) for a sample of Г.

A Dipl. Biol. V. John and Mr. Р. Porwoll (Saarbrücken) for samples of F- dilatata

Hattori (Obi-Honmachi) and Dr. К. Yamada (Ise-shi) for samples of F. tamarisc

Sp. obscura and Dr. R. Grolle for the determination of two samples of Г. tamarisci We

SES fike to thank Prof. Dr. Н. Geiger (Stuttgart-Hohenheim) for an authentic sample о

futcolin 7glucoside, Dr. N-R. Krishnaswamy, Bangalore, for an authentic sample of pedaliti)

and Prof. Dr. A. Ulubelen (Istanbul) for an authentic sample ot 6-hydroxy luteolin 7-0-

lucoside. We are most grateful to Prof. Dr. К. Pfleger (Homburg) for recording the mass

Spectra and to Prof. Dr. А. Nahrsted and Dr. Wray (Braunschweig) for recording the NMR

Spectra and for helpful discussions. We thank further Mrs. E. Henn for her assistance at

preparing the manuscript.

Source : MNHN, Paris

FLAVONOIDS IN FRULLANIA 125

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FLAVONOIDS IN FRULLANIA 127

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129

LIPID CONSTITUENTS OF THE MOSS

MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII VAR. GLACIALE *

Y. SOLBERG **

ABSTRACT. — The lipid content of the moss taxon Mniobryum wahlenbergii var. glaciale

has been studied. Concentration of a chloroform-methanol extract led to the isolation of

fractions containing lipid esters and sterols. Isolation of a series of fatty acids ranging from

C24 to C9 was brought about by hydrolysis of the alcohol-soluble lipids. The fatty acids

consisting of even-numbered carbon atoms were predominant and palmitic acid was the

major constituent. The isolated sterol fraction was comprised of the four components

6-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and cholesterol.

A mass spectral analysis of the alcoholinsoluble lipids (wax esters) showed that they

were a mixture of homologues in the range C48-C38, i.e. the saturated even-carbon normal

fatty acids C24-C14 esterified with the saturated normal, hydroxy- and epoxy alcohols

С28-С18.

The possible presence of hydrocarbons is not considered in the present investigation,

The identities of the isolated compounds were deduced using IR, GC and MS. To our

knowledge, this is the first time this moss taxon. has been investigated with regard to its

lipid constituents.

INTRODUCTION

As continuation of the study of the constituents of bryophytes, the taxon

Mniobryum wahlenbergii (Web. et Mohr) Jenn. var. glaciale (Brid.) Wijk et Marg.

from the order Eubryales has now been examined. The taxon is characterised

by large, erect, often swollen, loose tufts. This inflated form is a common moun-

tain moss, found in moist or wet habitats and easily identified by its peculiar

colour which may be seen from a great distance.

As there is no previous report of any systematic lipid study of this moss

taxon, a detailed lipid examination has now been carried out. As a result of

these investigations, it has been found that the main compounds of the lipid

fraction of Mniobryum wahlenbergit var. glaciale are wax esters.

STRANSKY, STREIBLE and HEROUT (1967) have found that waxes of

six moss species essentially consist of n-alkanes with a chain-length of 33 to 19

carbon atoms, where those with odd numbers predominated.

* Part 2 in the series «Chemical constituents of Bryophytes». For Part 1 see У. SOL-

BERG and A.R. SELMER OLSEN 1978, Bryologist 81 : 144-149,

** Chemical Research Laboratory, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 31,

N-1432 As-NLH, Norway.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 129-143.

Source : MNHN, Paris

130 У. SOLBERG

In à communication of HUNECK & KLEIN (1970) the saturated normal

alcohols C30, C28 and C26 were reported as the main compounds in the liver-

wort Bazzania trilobata (L.) Gray.

The knowledge of the structure of moss fatty acids is comparatively well defi-

ned. A summary is given by SUIRE (1975) and MARKHAM and PORTER

(1978). À number of polyunsaturated fatty acids have been isolated or detected

from mosses.

MÁRTENSSON and NILSSON (1974) reported that a detailed localization

of the waxes in bryophytes was not established. They said that one must expect

them to occur mainly as a thin coating or layer on the cuticle.

MARKHAM and PORTER (1978) reported that the waxy protective layers of

leaves and fruits of plant-cutin lipids principally consist of hydroxy and epoxy-

hydroxy-alkanoic acids of chain-length C18 and C16. Bryophyte-cutins of four

species were studied by CALDICOTT and EGLINTON (1976). The cutin frag-

ment residues were saponified and the resulting hydroxy-carboxylic acids were

composed of phenolic-, alkanoic-, hydroxyalkanoic-, hydroxyalkanedioic-, and

dihydroxy-alkanoic acids. They also pointed out that some hydroxyalkanoic

acids found in bryophytes are unique in the plant kingdom.

PROCTOR (1979) examined fourty-three species of fairly representative

mosses with a scanning electron microscope. Of these, twelve species showed

well-developed superficial wax comparable with the epicuticular wax of flowe-

ring plants. A waxy cuticle in mosses, as in other plants, has potentially two

main functions in relation to water : it reduces evaporation, and it tends to repel

surface water which would interfere with gas exchange. Strongly developed

epicuticular wax in bryophytes is probably mainly related to the latter function.

Mniobryum wahlenbergii is by PROCTOR found to develop very strongly

angular platelets of epicuticular wax on leaves.

According to SPENCER (1980) only a flavonoid component has earlier been

described in Mniobryum wahlenbergii.

In the account given below the isolation and composition of the various iso-

lated lipid fractions is discussed in some detail. It will be seen that in all cases

the fractions are mixtures. Hydrolysis of the petrol-ether soluble ester fraction

of the extract, resulted in a long series of straight-chain, saturated and unsatu-

rated fatty acids with carbon atoms ranging from 24 to 9. The major fatty acid

composition found is typical of most bryophytes (SUIRE 1975, NICHOLS and

JAMES 1968).

The non-saponifiable fraction from the soluble part of the lipid extract con-

tains a mixture of the sterols f-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and choleste-

rol. The four sterols are all A5-ene-3f-ols having а 20 B-configuration. They are

common sterols in liverworts and mosses (MARKHAM and PORTER 1978).

The present investigations have been particularly concentrated on the inso-

luble part of the lipid fraction in petrolether. This part contains an unusual

variety of high molecular components (wax esters) hitherto unreported in

bryophytes. The components were composed of C48-C38 homologous esters,

Source - MNHN, Paris:

LIPIDS OF MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII 131

with typical chain-lengths of the acid moieties of C24. C22 and C20.

The structure determination of the different compounds found was establi-

shed by use of thin layer and gas chromatography. infrared and mass spectro-

metry.

The publications of SUIRE (1975) and HUNECK (1977) have been of great

value to the present work.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Methods. — The IR spectra were taken in KBr pellets and halocarbon. The

spectra were analysed on the basis of known structural correlations with absorp-

tion frequency.

The Н! NMR spectra were determined at 100 MHz and run in dioxane-dg at

45°C. Chemical shifts were recorded in 6 (ppm downfield from internal standard

tetramethylsilane).

Two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the sterol mixture was

carried out on precoated silica gel Е 254/366 plates. The solvent used was 1)

CHC] 3/toluene/EtOH (9 + 1 + 0.1), twice, and 2) toluene/EtOAc (1 + 1).

The spots were detected with the reagent mixture acetic anhydride/Hz SO, /

EtOH (1+1+10), The two-dimensional chromatogram demonstrated an

excellent sharp resolution of seven components, of which three were in trace

amounts,

Gas chromatography (GC). — The fatty acid methyl esters were analysed in

a Varian acrograph 1400 gas chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame

ionization detector and glass column (6 ft X 2 mm) packed with : 1) GP 10%

SP 2330 on Chromosorb W-AW, 100/120 mesh; 2) GP 10% DEGS-PS on Supel-

coport, 80/100 mesh; and 3) 10% EGSS-X on Gas-Chrom P, 100/120 mesh.

In the temperature-programmed runs (1 and 3) the columns were started at

80°C, after which the temperature was raised to 200 °C at the rate of 8°C/min.

In the isothermic run (2) the temperature was 200°C. The fatty acid esters

were identified by comparison of their relative retention values with those of

known standards.

GC of the sterol mixture was performed on a glass column (3 ft X 2 mm)

packed with 3% SP 2250 on Supelcoport, 100/120 mesh, temp. 265°C. The

sterol acetate mixture was run on a glass column (6 ft X 4mm) packed with

1% SP 1000 on Supelcoport, 100/120 mesh, temp. 240°C.

The fatty alcohols were well separated as acetate derivatives, isothermally at

200°C, on a glass column (6 ft X 2 mm) packed with GP 10% DEGS-PS on Supel-

coport. Even better separation was obtained at 180°C on a column (6 ft X

2 mm) packed with 10% EGSS-X on Gas Chrom P.

GC and GC/MS of Mn-X was analysed on 1) a 6 ft column packed with

GP 10% DEGS-PS on 80/100 Supelcoport, temp. 190°C; 2) a 10 ft column

packed with GP 3% SP 2100 DOH on 100/120 mesh Supeleoport, temp. progr.

from 150-230°C at 4°C/min; and 3) a 6 ft column using 10% SE-30 as sta-

Source : MNHN, Paris

132 У. SOLBERG

tionary phase, temp. progr. 200-350°C at 8°C/min. The best results were obtai-

ned using the last mentioned column.

GC of the alkanes obtained by reduction of the fatty alcohols was performed

on a column (3 ft X 2 mm) packed with 1% Dexsil 300 on Supelcoport, 100/120

mesh. The temperature was programmed from 175 to 350°C with 8°C/min.

In all cases the flow rate of the carrier gas (№) was 20 ml/min.

The area of each chromatographic peak determined by the technique of

multiplying the peak height by the width at half-height proved very satisfactory.

The high resolution mass spectrometry (HrMS) in this communication was

obtained by direct sample insertion into the ion source of the mass spectro-

meter. The spectra were performed by the Norwegian Institute of Technology,

Trondheim, and by Shrader Analytical Laboratories, Detroit, USA.

The low resolution (LrMS) and chemical ionisation mass spectra (CiMS)

have been obtained at our Agricultural University. The milli-mass-unit deviation

(dv. —) between the measured and calculated mass numbers of the different

fragments observed in HrMS, are given in parenthesis in the text.

Extraction and isolation of the lipid fractions. — The biological moss mate-

rial used in this study was collected during the summer months of 1977-1981 in

Snéfonndalen, Folldal, Norway, at an approximate altitude of 900 m. The iden-

tification of the species was made by Dr. P. Stormer, University of Oslo.

All the material was carefully cleansed of foreign matter and air-dried on the

site where it was collected. On arrival at the laboratory it was dried at about

40°C and pulverized. The plant material (4.8 kg) was exhaustively extracted

with methanol-chloroform (1 +1, v/v) for 24 hrs at room temperature. The

combined extracts were evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at about

35°C. The residue was macerated in ethanol and the insoluble portion, Mn-I,

removed by filtration and washed on the filter with the same solvent. The fil-

trate was concentrated to a small volume, left overnight at — 5^C, and the solid,

Mn-Il, which had separated out was filtered off. The filtrate was evaporated in

vacuo giving a semi-solid residue. The solid was submitted to alkaline hydrolysis

(1.5 M KOH in EtOH) for 3 hrs. The hydrolyzate was acidified with Нз PO4 and

extracted with petrol-ether. The petrol extract was concentrated and the residue

absorbed onto a column of silicic acid (Bio-Sil HA, minus 325 mesh). Elution of

the column with light petrol-ether afforded a mixture of saturated and unsatura-

ted fatty acids, Mn-III, the composition of which was determined by GC of their

methyl esters.

Hydrolysis of the wax esters. — The hydrolysis of Mn-I was performed by

refluxing in 0.6 M ethanolic KOH for 8 hrs. The resulting mixture, containing

fatty acids and alcohols, was recrystallized twice from acetic acid, leaving а

snow-white, amorphous product, Mn-I V, m.p. about 71°C, with a composition

of C 77.9%, H 12.6% and О 9,6%.

А part of Mn-IV, dissolved in EtOH, was stirred for 30 min with the ion

exchanger Dowex 1, X8, ОН”, 100/200 mesh. The exchanger was filtered off

Source - MNHN, Paris

LIPIDS OF MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII 133

and washed with EtOH. A solid alcohol-mixture, Mn-V, was obtained by evapo-

rating off the alcoholic solution under reduced pressure.

The exchanger was then eluted with 2N HCI and the eluate extracted with

Ег; О. The residue was dissolved in benzene and refluxed for 2 hrs with 3013 -

MeOH (12% w/v). The reaction product was worked up in the usual manner

giving a crystalline product, Mn-VI, composed of fatty acid methyl esters.

Acetylation of the alcohols. — АЙ the acetates prepared in this study were

readily obtained by refluxing for 30 min (or left overnight at room temperature)

with a mixture of acetic anhydride and pyridine (1 + 2). The acetates were

dissolved in light petroleum and filtered through silicic acid.

Esterification of the fatty acids. — The fatty acids in the hydrolyzate were con-

verted into their corresponding methyl esters by methylation with diazomethane

or Бу refluxing with ВСІз-МеОН. The methylesters obtained were dissolved in

light petroleum and run through a column containing a small amount of silicic acid.

The p-bromophenacylesters of the acids were obtained using o, p-dibromoace-

tophenone and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 as catalyst following the instructions of

the manufacturer (Applied Science Laboratories, USA).

Reduction to alkanes. — The reduction of the alcohols in the mixture of.

Мп-УП to alkanes was carried out satisfactorily by heating Mn-VII (180 mg)

with iodine (130 mg) and red phosphorus (40 mg) in a sealed tube at 110°C for

З hrs. The reaction product was dissolved in light petroleum ether and filtered

through a small column of silica gel. The column was washed with more petrol-

ether, and the combined eluates were evaporated. Methanolic HCl and Zn gra-

nules were added and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hrs with the occasional

addition of more Zn and a few drops of conc. HCl. The solution was extracted

with light petroleum, dried with Na?SO and filtered. The residue obtained

by evaporation of the filtrate was dissolved in isooctane, Mn-VIII.

Oxidation of the alcohol mixture with Маг. — Part of the alcohol fraction

Mn-V (0.67 р) was oxidized with Ма1О4, 300 ml 0.05 М in diluted sulphuric

acid, at room temperature for 20 hrs. By extraction of the suspension with ethyl

ether a residue was obtained which gave a yellow precipitation with 2,4-(NO; ); -

phenylhydrazine in an alcoholic solution. The hydrazones were extracted with

petrol-ether and crystallized twice from ethanol giving a yellow crystalline pro-

duct, Mn-IX. [Found : C 65.5%, Н 9.4%, М 11.5%, О 13.2%]. Main IR bands at :

3300, 3090, 2910, 2840, 1620, 1593, 1520, 1470, 1427, 1330, 1315, 1280,

1225, 1135, 1078, 930, 830, 745, 725, and 595 cm. Hydroxyl bands were not

present at all.

Hydrolysis of the hydrazones, Mn-IX, and preparation of the aldehydes to

the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters and dimethyl acetal derivatives were

performed by the usual methods.

Hydrocarbon-, fatty acid-, alcohol- and sterol standards were obtained from

Applied Science Laboratories and Supelco and used without further purification.

Source : MNHN, Paris

154 Ye

OLBERG

MOSS SAMPLE

cnc1,/meou

МАХ FRACTION EEE אדו‎ COS

Ма-І = та, MS, NMR аи 1. standing

ethanol

hydrolysis ely

2. filtration

МАСТУ = та, ws Ма-11 (sterols)

ете

m FATTY ACID MOIETY ынап he ү

pas Мау = rR, вс the residue

кш 4. fractionation on

pr ALCOHOL MOIETY silicic acid colum

to Tp Мета, из, ве

ш Mn-III (fatty acids) == IR

ib 1. өк./нато,

xtraction

with Eton

INSOLUBLE FRACTION

Mn-VIL * IR (no aldehyde group present)

EXTRACT (fatty aldehydes)

+ 2,4- (N01 ,-phenylhydrazine.

red. with

EUR Т ж WEE ста fad ete geiir

present)

Mn-VITI (alkanes) = сс/не ее

Mn-X (fatty aldehydes) = GC, Gc/MS

Fig. 1. — A scheme for the isolation, purification and structural composition of the diffe-

rent lipid fraction isolated from Mniobryum wahlenbergii var. glaciale

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The moss material was digested with chloroform-methanol and the solvent

was removed under reduced pressure to give a greenish oily substance. Several

fractions were obtained by working up the residue as described in the expe-

rimental part (Fig. 1). The fraction Mn-Il was found from IR and TLC analyses

to be a mixture of sterols. It was recrystallized twice from diluted acetic acid

giving a colourless, crystalline product (100 mg). An acetic anhydride solution

of Mall gave a pink-blue-green colour reaction with one drop of sulphuric

acid (positive Liebermann-Burchard reaction).

Main IR bands : 3360, 3030, 2950, 2860, 1470, 1380, 1370, 1335, 1110,

1060, 1025, 963, 840, 803, 745, 595 cm" . The last six bands are characteristic

of sterols.

Source : MNHN. Paris

LIPIDS OF MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII 135

GC of Mail, as free sterols and their acetyl derivatives, exhibited four peaks,

which were successfully assigned to the known sterols B-sitosterol (34%), cam-

pesterol (53%), stigmasterol (12%) and cholesterol (1%) by comparison with au-

thentic samples. This assignment was confirmed by HrMS of the free sterols. The

characteristic and most abundant ions present above m/e 240 of the obtained

mass spestra are listed in Tab. 1. KNIGHTS (1967) has suggested that the ion-

fragments (М-Н; O-Cs Ну) and (М-Н. O-C; Hs ( in the mass spectra of the sterols

mentioned above may be characteristic of A$-38-OH steroids irrespective of the

structure of the side-chain.

E pement adire ©

1 PCR ee trus =

i iz IDE a

$ 2 5% H $7

& 6c во EE as

5 2 8 z ў

0 8 5 5 B

м" 386 (15) 400 (100) 412 (29) 414 (75)

M - CH, 571 (3) 385 (21) 397 (13) 599 (20)

M- Ho 368 (10) 382 (45) 394 (3) 396 (36)

M - CH; - но 353 (4) 367 (22) — 379 (3) 381 (16)

M- сн, - Hy 301 (4) 315 (31) 327 (3) 329 (23)

M - CH = H30 275 (12) 289 (38) 301 (4) 303 (24)

м - Сону; - но 247 (3) 261 (8) 273 (40) — 275 (12)

M - side chain 275 (40) 275 (40) 273 (40) 273 (40)

М - side chain

TORO Е

255 (55) 255 (55) 25

(58) — 255 (55)

Side chain [OH Colis Cris n

Table 1. — Characteristic ions іп the HrMS of the sterol fraction, Mn-II. (The relative intensi-

ties are given in parenthesis).

Part of the fatty acid fraction Mn-III of the alcohol-soluble lipids of the ori-

ginal extract was esterified, and the components identified by GC analyses. The

acids present in this fraction are described in Tab.2. The GC analyses gave no

indication of the presence of branched chain fatty acids. The major components

of Mn-III were C16:0, С18:1, С18:2, C18:3/C20:1 and C20:3/C22:1.

The predominant IR bands of Мп-Ш were 3010 (double bond), 2670, 1710,

945 (double bond, trans) and 722 em !.

The major acids observed in fraction Мь-Ш are typical of most bryophytes.

Source : MNHN, Paris

136 У. SOLBERG

Can + сїйї ++

C 10:0 + C 18:2 +++

спо + С 18:3/C 20:1 ++++

€32:0 tr C 20:0 e

C13:0 + С 202 ee

CAS EDO C 20:3/C 22:1 +++

си = С 20:5 (2) ++

С 15:0 tr С 22:0 +

C 16:0 +444 С 22:2 сак

C161 + С 22:3 +

ORIG ce С 24:1 (2) ++

C 18:0 tr

One unknown component was eluted immediately after С 18:3

tr = traces

Table 2. — Relative amounts of the fatty acids in fraction Mn-III of Mniobryum wahlenber-

gii. The acids are designated by two figures, which give the number of carbon atoms and

the number of double bonds respectively.

The wax ester components

Preliminary investigations of the alcohol-insoluble lipid fraction Mn-I obtai-

ned from the methanol-chloroform extract offer convincing evidence that it

was composed of a mixture of higher homologous wax-esters (CnHanOs ), hy-

droxyesters (CnHnO3) and expoxyesters (СН, 203). On account of the

very low solubility of Mn-I in the usual organic solvents, separation into the

individual components presented a difficult problem. It was, however, found

expedient to carry out investigations on the lipid mixture primarily using accu-

rate mass measurements. This largely sufficed in determining the structure of

the components.

The Mn-I fraction was obtained as а colourless, amorphous powder (m.p.

about 83°C) by recrystallization from hot acetic acid, ethanol and dioxane.

The fraction was only slightly soluble in ethanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide

and ethyl ether. Several analyses gave average values of C 78.9%, H 12.7% and

07.6%.

The IR spectra of Мал display the characteristic bands of lipids correspon-

ding to hydroxyl group (3400), carbon-hydrogen stretching (2920, 2845), ester-

carbonyl stretching (1735), carbon-hydrogen scissoring (doublet, 1463), symme-

Source - MNHN. Paris

LIPIDS OF MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII 137

trical bending vibration of CH3, and C—O stretching band (1170 cm7). А band

at 1413 спі”! corresponds to the CH;-group in a-position to the ester carbonyl

group. The splitting of the CH;-wag absorption band at 720 cm"! and a small

shoulder at 2960 стт! correspond to long-chain compounds with more than

sixteen carbon atoms (POUCHERT 1970). Several small and medium bands

were recognized in the region 1280-1230 and 930-810 cm™!. We did not observe

any С=О band around 1710-1700 ent), not even as a shoulder on the ester-

carbonyl band. We were not able to ascertain the presence of any keto or alde-

hyde group in Mn-I by other methods. The three characteristic absorption bands

associated with the epoxide ring, lying in the area 1280-1240, 950-865, and

860-790 cm! could not be detected with certainty in the IR spectra of Mn-I.

The intensity of the «Ви» band is also much weakened in larger molecules.

The molar concentration of epoxy groups in the presence of epoxyesters in

Mn-I may be comparatively low. As the vibration of C-O-C bands arises in

the С-С skeletal vibration region, and may couple strongly with vibrations

of other atoms, the assignments are rendered more difficult and are not always

characteristic.

The Н! NMR of Mn-I showed resonnances for CH3 groups (0.86, overlapping

distorted triplets); —(CHa)n— (1.26, broad); CH, secondary alcohol (1.80);

-СН;СОО- (226, broad); -СООСН, - (3.92, 3.96 and 4.4, overlapping

signals). The NMR picture confirmed the presence of the above mentioned type

of compounds. The above conclusion was supported further by hydrolysis of

Mn-I and IR, MS and GC analyses of the different fractions obtained (see Fig. 1).

IR of Mn-Lacetate showed an acetate-band at 1240 cm! and increased CH3-

band at 1370 cm}. IR of MntV-acetate displayed strong acetate-bands at

1745 and 1235 cm, and an increased CH; band at 1370 cm".

Altogether, thirteen lipid compounds have been detected in the isolated

fraction Мп-1. Several low- and high resolution mass spectra which have been

carried out on Mn-I showed characteristic and prominent peaks corresponding to

molecular ions of the epoxyesters C47 Ноз Оз m/e 704 (dv. 9.9); Cas Hag Оз m/e

676 (dv. 0.6); the hydroxyesters Cas НобОз m/e 720; Ca Has Оз m/e 664 (dv.

9.4); Са: HgaO3 m/e 636 (dv. 3.4); CagHgoO3 m/e 608 (dv. 5.7); the normal

esters Cas Нов Оз m/e 704; Cas Hg О; m/e 676 (dv. 3.7); Cas Has Оз m/e 648

(dv. 1.7); Саз НваОҙ m/e 620 (dv. 1.1); СаоНьоО, m/e 592 (dv. 2.4) and

Cas Нав О» m/e 564 (dv. 1.7).

A small peak at m/e 676 with.the molecular composition C4 Hag O (dv. 0.7)

possibly corresponds to an alcohol. It is of interest to note that the two com-

pounds with uneven carbon atom chains are epoxyesters, while all the hydroxy-

and normal esters exclusively consist of even carbon atom chains. Ions due to

(М-Н, О) have been recognized for all the hydroxyesters.

The different IR and MS spectra of the fractions Mn-l, Mn-IV and Мп-У1

showed clear evidence of the presence of normal long-chain fatty acids ascribing

to the acid moieties of the esters. Main IR bands in the lower part of the spec-

trum of Mn-VI (as methyl esters) were 1745, 1470, 1440, 1380, 1175, 1110, 887

and 725 cm". No alcohol bands could be seen in the IR spectra of this fraction.

Source : MNHN, Paris

138 У. SOLBERG

Dominant and characteristic peaks іп the mass spectrum of Mn-IV (the

hydrolyzate of Mn-I) were found at m/e 368, 340 and 312 due to the mole-

cular ions of the C24, C22 and C20 fatty acids respectively. Mn-IV was treated

with diazomethane giving the three corresponding methyl esters at m/e 382,

354 and 326, with the last one as the base peak in а LrMS. The presence of

these fatty acids was further confirmed by preparation of the p-bromophenacyl

esters СНз (CH; ),СОО--СН; CO—Ph—Br, where n has the values of 22, 20 and

18. The molecular ions of these esters were detected in the mass spectrum at

mie 566-564, 538-536 and 510-508.

In the mass spectrum of Mn-I the most prominent peaks were found at m/e

368, 340 and 312 again associated with the acids C24, C22 and C20 respecti-

vely. Small peaks due to the lower fatty acids C18, C16 and C14 were seen

sporadically in the mass spectra investigated.

The individual composition of the acid moiety Mn-VI was established by

GC analyses of Mn-VI-methyl esters, giving the fatty acids C24, C22, C20,

C18, C16 and C14 in a proportional incidence of 6:28:54:1:8:3. This is in

agreement with the MS results above. The GC analyses or MS spectra did not

offer data on the presence of additional fatty acids, not even traces.

The IR spectrum of the fraction Mn-V, obtained by hydrolyzing of Ма-,

could be assigned to normal, long-chain alcohols. Main IR signals at 3400 (OH);

1470 (doublet); 1380; prim. and sec. alcohol bands in the region 1120-1010;

and 725 ст! (doublet). Traces of the so-called 11 um and 12 um bands of

epoxy rings were seen at 810 and 790 or 770 ст-! respectively. However,

because of the strain present in the epoxy-ring, part of the epoxides may under

go ring opening on hydrolysis of Ma), giving 1 ,2-diols.

The gas chromatograms of Mn-V-acetate indicate a mixture of alcohols

(Fig. 2). On adding acetates of primary, normal chain alcohols three of the

seven gas chromatographic peaks seen were recognized as due to the acetates

of C22, C20 and C18 alcohols. The other peaks in the chromatogram remained

unidentified. The alcohol acetates with carbon chains above 22 did not separate

in the GC analysis under the given conditions,

Prominent and characteristic oxygen-containing ions in several high resolution

mass spectra of Mn-I, Mn-IV and Mn-V at m/e 409, 395, 381, 367, 353, 339,

325, 311, 297, 283 and 269 were of particular interest. These ions correspond

to the oxonium form of the fragments A in Formula 1 where the values of n

аге 26 to 16, Subsequent loss of НзО from the fragments above produced the

corresponding alkyl ions. Some of the fragments above may also be attributed

to the alcohol moiety of the normal esters C48-C38 isolated from Мп-1.

IR spectrum of Mn-VII showed bands at 3400 (OH); 1470 (doublet); 1380:

1115; 1075, 1050 and 1025 (alcohol); and 725 cm" (doublet). The spectrum

did not show any bands corresponding to the presence of aldehydic or epo

xidic compounds.

The alcohol residue Mn-Vil was reduced to the corresponding hydrocarbons

by treatment with 1/P/Zn as described in the experimental part. The composi-

tion of the mixture of the resulting hydrocarbons was determined by GC using

Source : MNHN, Paris

LIPIDS OF MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII 139

Fig. 2. — Gas chromatogram

tracing of the long-chain fatty

5 alcohol mixture (Mn-V) as ace-

tyl derivatives опа 10% EGSS-

X column, run at a temperature

of 180°C. The numbered al-

cohol peaks are (1) unknown:

(2) unknown; (3) #hexadeca-

noli, stand. added; (4) n-

octadecanol-1; (5) unknown

(6) n-eicosanol-1; (7) unknown;

(8) n-docosanol-1.

Fig. 3. — Separation of the

normal hydrocarbons of Mn-

VIII. The analysis was perfor-

med using a 3% Dexsil 300

column, programmed from

150-300°C at 8 degrees pr ті

nute. The numbered hydrocar-

bon peaks are (1) octadecane,

(2) nonadecane, (3) eicosane,

(4) heneicosane, (5) docosane,

(6) tetracosane, (7) hexacosane,

(8) heptacosane, (9) octaco-

sane. Traces of tricosane and

pentacosane, not numbered in

the tracing.

Source : MNHN. Paris

140 У. SOLBERG

suitable standards. In Mn-VIII, the presence of the nine normal-chain hydro-

carbons C28, C27, C26, C24, C22, C21, C20, C19 and C18 in a proportional

incidence of 29:6:7:7:26:6:13:2:4 was successfully established by applying

combined GC/MS. GC tracing is shown in Fig. 3.

According to these results it seems likely that the alcohol moieties of the

normal esters C48-C38 have carbon chain-lengths lying in the range from 28

to 18.

Epoxy- and hydroxyesters yielded characteristic ions upon fragmentation

in the mass spectrometer corresponding to cleavages at either side of the carbon-

oxygen group as depicted in Formula 1 and 2, if this is in the central position

of the carbon chain.

Very distinct ions HrMS of Mn-I were found at m/e 397 C;sH4903 (dv.

0.3); m/e 383 0141147003 (dv. 0.4); m/e 369 C; зНа 5 Оз; m/e 3555 303

(dv. 1.5); m/e 341 Can На: Оз (dv. 2.2) and m/e 327 С,оНҙоОҙ. All the frag-

ments may be attributed to the fragments B in Formula 1 where x + y = 22-17.

Strong peaks in MS arised through loss of HO from the fragments mentioned

above.

c D A

он

Formula 1 CH3- (CH) ,-C0-0- (CH) „-CH- (CH7) CH

Hydroxyesters

Formula 2 сн;- (СН) ,-С0-0- Жа ұта» (сн) n Cs

Additional analyses carried out by oxidation of Mn-V with periodate and

the formation of fatty aldehydes indicated that some or all of the hydroxyesters

must have the hydroxy group in the adjacent position to the ester bond. In

these cases the letter y in Formula 1 is reduced to one. The formation of alde-

hydes by periodate oxidation may also be attributed to the formation of diols

by ring opening of the epoxide group.

The aldehydes were isolated from the oxidation mixture by extraction with

ethyl ether and purified by the preparation of the 2,4-(NO; ); -phenylhydrazone-

Source : MNHN, Paris:

LIPIDS OF MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII 141

derivatives. Elementary analysis of the crystalline 2,4-(NO; )2-phenylhydrazones

demonstrated the presence of higher fatty aldehydes.

The mass spectra of higher homologues of 2,4-(NO:):-phenylhydrazones

of normal-chain aldehydes (but not ketones) display two important peaks

(m/e 224 and m/e 206) which are of considerable diagnostic value in determi-

nation of the nature of the aliphatic moiety. These peaks do not occur in the

lower homologues because of the inability of the primary hydrogen atom to

participate in a McLafferty rearrangement (BUDZIKIEWICZ et al. 1967).

In our mass spectra these above mentioned peaks were detected with high

relative intensities corresponding to the molecular structures Cg Hs МаОг and

Co Haat): respectively.

In the high mass range of low and high resolution mass spectra characteristic

and prominent ions observed could be reasonably explained as follows :

m/e Formula Deviation Fragment

490 0% 1.0 м,

473 - 5 2.4 M, - OH

456 Co7H44N40o 347 м, - HO - 0

455 C7Ha3N402 0.1 м, - H0 - он

462 — C5,H,5N40, 0.1 M

445 C4 ,H,1N40; - M, - OH

428 | N40, 0.4 M - н.о - 0

427 C5H39N407 1.5 М; - H,0 - OH

where М; and Му represent the molecular ions of the 2,4-(NO; )3-phenylhydra-

zones of the aldehydes C21 and C19. The presence of additional aldehydes in

Mn-IX. were established on closer. examination of the aldehydic moiety of the

hydrazones.

The investigation of the aldehydes (Mn-X) obtained by hydrolysis of the

hydrazones (Mn-IX) was performed by GC/MS of their corresponding fatty

acid methyl esters and their dimethyl acetal derivatives. The GC analysis revealed

a complex of six components, corresponding to the alcohol moieties of six

epoxy- and hydroxyesters present in Mn-I. The MS of these components esta-

blished the presence of the six aldehydes C21 to C16.

Source : MNHN. Paris

142 У. SOLBERG

Very important strong peaks were observed in HzMS of Mn-I at m/e 351,

337, 323, 309, 295 and 281 corresponding to the fragments C24 H470,

C5 3H4 50, C22H430, Сҙ1Ң410, СзоНзэО and CioH30 respectively. These

ions could probably be more likely explained as the acyl fragment C in Formula.

1 and 2, ions corresponding to dihydric alcohols (fragment D in Formula 1,

у = 1) which have lost (Ha О + Н), and as epoxy alcohol fragments attributed

to the fragment E in Formula 2.

It has not been possible to established the exact position of the epoxy and

hydroxy groups in the corresponding esters unambiguously. It is, however,

probable that the groups must be substituted in a neighbouring or close position

to the ester bond. It is to be noted that the epoxy- and hydroxy group in the

isolated epoxy- and hydroxyesters are substituted in the alcohol moieties of the

esters. The substituents are more usually to be found in the acid moiety as

mentioned in a report of CALDICOTT and EGLINTON (1976).

As a result of the data reported above, there is no doubt that the isolated

compounds 247119623, Са5НззОз; CasHogOs, 0441188023, Саз НваОз,

СаоНвоОз; CasHo6O2, 0460201, CaaHsgO2, СазНваО», СаоНяоОз

and C3gH7602 represent the epoxy- hydroxy- and normal esters respectively.

Further, it must be concluded that the fatty acid and alcohol moieties obtained

by hydrolysis of Mn-I esters contain significant proportions of C28 to 4

components. The dominant constituents of the acid moieties in the esters

isolated in this work are C22 and C20. The chainlength distribution of the

esterified alcohols are in the C28-C16 range, where C24-C20 predominated.

The results аге in fair agreement with a study recently reported by HAAS

(1982).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. — 1 am very grateful to my wife and my sons for their valuable

contributions of samples of the moss species. Without their efforts the present investigations

had not been possible.

REFERENCES

BUDZIKIEWICZ H., DJERASSI C., WILLIAMS D.H., 1967 — Mass spectrometry of orga-

nic compounds. San Francisco, Holden-Day, Inc. pp. 399-405.

CALDICOTT A.B., EGLINTON G., 1976 — Cutin acids from Bryophytes : Ап (9-1 hydro-

xy alkanoic acid in two liverwort species. Phytochemistry 15 : 1139-1143.

HAAS K., 1982 - Surface wax of Andreaca and Pogonatum species. Phytochemistry

21 : 657-659.

HUNECK S., KLEIN E.,1970 — Über die vergleichende Gaschromatographie der átherischen

Öle und Wachse einiger Lebermoose. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 33 : 1-6.

Source : MNHN, Paris

LIPIDS OF MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII 143

HUNECK S., 1977 — Neue Ergebnisse zur Chemie der Moose, eine Übersicht. Teil 5. J.

Hattori Bot. Lab. 43 : 1-30.

KNIGHTS B.A., 1967 — Identification of plant sterols using combined GLC/ mass spectro-

metry. J. Gas Chromatogr. 5 : 273-282.

MARKHAM K.R., PORTER L.J., 1978 — Chemical constituents of the Bryophytes. Progr.

Phytochem. 5 :181-272.

MARTENSSON O., NILSSON E., 1974 — On the morphological colour of Bryophytes.

Lindbergia 2 145-159

NICHOLS B.W., JAMES A.T., 1968 — Acyl lipids and fatty acids of photosyntheti

Progr. Phytochem. 1 : 1-48.

POUCHERT C.J. 1970 — The Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra. Milwaukee (Wis.),

Aldrich Chemical Co. p. 221.

PROCTOR M.C.F., 1979 — Surface wax on the leaves of some mosses. J. Bryol. 10 : 531-

538.

SPENCER К.С., 1980 — Chemical constituents of the Musci. Phytochem, Bull. 13 : 46-63.

STRANSKY K., STREIBL M., HEROUT V., 1967 — On natural waxes. VI. Distribution of

wax hydrocarbons in plants at different evolutionary levels. Collect. Czechoslov. Chem.

Commun. 32 : 3213-3220.

SUIRE C., 1975 — Les données actuelles sur la chimie des bryophytes. Rev. Bryol, Liché.

nol. 41 (2) : 105-256.

tissue.

Source : MNHN. Paris

des Ву ora белі

p iP 1867 "мш

Ine) ppi веў заб М

(ыы! rtt ің» кай Даша

Зее аа». ачан: USE CURE

145

L'ENCALYPTO STREPTOCARPAE - FISSIDENTETUM CRISTATI

NEUMAYR 1971

DANS LES ENVIRONS DE MONTBÉLIARD (DOUBS)

J.C. VADAM*

RÉSUMÉ. — L'Encalypto streptocarpae - Fissidentetum cristati Neumayr 1971, association

muscinale de fissures, est observée dans les environs de Montbéliard (Doubs); elle montre

de notables variations dans sa composition spécifique en liaison avec les conditions station-

nelles.

І. — INTRODUCTION

Adossé au Lomont, dernier anticlinal jurassien, le Pays de Montbéliard laisse

apercevoir dans sa partie méridionale, corniches et frontons nombreux, témoins

d'une activité tectonique rigide ancienne, à laquelle succéda une phase d'érosion

fluviatile. Ces falaises calcaires de Jurassique supérieur (Rauracien, Séquanien

et Kimméridgien) présentent toujours de mini-fissures, de petites crevasses et

des micro-anfractuosités, qui en raison méme de leur faible importance offrent

des conditions d'installation favorables à une végétation pionniére composée

surtout de lichens et de petites mousses peu exigentes, qualifiées de chasmo-

phytes. Ces plantes, à leur tour, retiennent et forment un peu d'humus qui

permet le développement d'exochomophytes, de port plus robuste. Cependant la

flore muscinale qui s'accomode de telles conditions écologiques n'évolue guère

rapidement; elle permet généralement l'observation de groupements assez

stables qui constituent des bryo-associations pionnières; parfois celles-ci sont

plus difficiles à distinguer, car elles entrent en compétition avec d'autres asso-

ciations composées de grandes pleurocarpes, qui colonisent en épilithes les

surfaces de calcaire compact, gráce à leurs ramifications stolonnantes, trés

étroitement appliquées au rocher.

* 45, rue d'Audincourt, F 25230 Seloncourt.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 145-153.

Source : MNHN, Paris

146 J.C. VADAM

Dans notre proche région, objectif limité de cette étude, les groupements

pionniers des fissures et des joints de stratification de bancs sont dominés par

Encalypta streptocarpa et Fissidens cristatus, dont les taux de représentation

varient très sensiblement selon les conditions stationnelles. Si le cortège des

espèces associées change, néanmoins ces peuplements muscinaux peuvent tous

étre rattachés à une association unique, l'Encalypto streptocarpae-Fissidentetum

cristati Neumayr 1971, dont on retiendra les variations les plus notables, qui

correspondent peut-être à des sous-associations, mais que le faible nombre des

relevés présentés dans cette note, que l’on doit considérer comme préliminaire,

ne prétend pas définir.

П. — LOCALISATION DES RELEVÉS ET CARACTERES STATIONNELS

a) forme typique.

1. Valentigney. Mont Roussot. Paroi verticale très ombragée et humide du Bois

des Buis, à 60 cm au dessus du sol (Carpinion mésotrophe).

2. Saint-Dizierl'Évéque. Le Val. Fissure et anfractuosité dans une petite falaise

rocheuse (Dentario-Fagetum).

3. Blamont. Source de la Creuse. Petite falaise verticale avec de nombreuses

fissures et redents (Phyllitido-Aceretum).

4. Dannemarieles-Glay. Le Chanoi. Fissure dans un banc de calcaire (Carpi-

nion calcicole).

5. Vandoncourt. Combe du Pont Sarrazin. Surface verticale d’un calcaire à

débit en petits lits. Nombreux ressauts (Phyllitido-Aceretum).

b) sous-association provisoire à Tricbostomum crispulum.

6. Abbévillers. Combotte Roussot. Fissures et joints de stratification. Surface

peu inclinée et humide (Carpinion calcicole).

7. Vaufrey. Fissure avec dépôt argileux, au voisinage de la cascade dans une

petite combe (Corydalo-Aceretum).

8. Vandoncourt. Ravin de la Goulaie. Falaise avec suintement d'un surplomb.

Banc de calcaire dur, mais fissuré, dépôt terreux et carbonaté important

(Phyllitico-Aceretum fragmentaire).

9. Solemont. Trou de la Fiautre. Bloc calcaire extrémement fissuré et humide

(Fagion).

10. Vandoncourt. Pont Sarrazin. Replats et gradins étroits, peu inclinés de la

falaise, avec joints de stratification marneux (Carpinion).

11. Vandoncourt. Pont Sarrazin. Surface horizontale d'une petite anfractuosité

(Carpinion).

12. Noirefontaine. Combe de l'Oeil de Bœuf. Fissure de rocher délitable humide

avec dépôt terreux (Phyllitido-Aceretum).

Source : MNHN, Paris

L'ENCALYPTO STREPTOCARPAE - FISSIDENTETUM CRISTATI 147

с) sous-association provisoire à Trichostomum brachydontium.

13. Glay. Source de la Doue. Fissure à la base d'un banc calcaire éclairé (Car-

pinion thermophile),

14. Glay. Source de la Doue. Fissure dans les calcaires ensoleillés (Coronillo-

Quercetum).

d) sous-association provisoire à Gymnostomum calcareum.

15. Vandoncourt. Pont Sarrazin. Joint de stratification de la paroi verticale

du fond de la reculée. Dépót de carbonate de calcium (Phyllitido-Aceretum).

Aer du relevé 1234567 B 9 101 1 19 א‎ 15 16 17 38 38

Nonbre d'espèces 564 52045 6.6.5 Ай ЕЕ

Exposition א א א א א א‎ SU SW ы SW NN SU NOM WW E SE S

Recouvrement (1) 95 м 30 25 40 60 40 25 70 40 70 50 70 85 го 90 80 10 15

Altitude (а) 400 500 475 490 490 550 580 480 750 480 490 450 500 500 480 560 475 589 450

Surface (dm?) PACE Д.Б ав, 5254265 E WE ER е

Caractéristiques

d'association Présence

CORTE ל‎ 33 9 12 4 9933255 > К заза с

Pioalgpta streptocarpa ETS NT PPS TEE RE TR D

Différentielles de sous-

associations provisoires

Telehostorum eriopulun ; LIE CEDE . יק‎ д

Trichostomum brachydontiim à ב‎ e ТТ ЖІ efe Ў

футовголит за!гагемт : з Mieres . CH

Espèce du Pissidention

pustiti

айларны intermptun 1212 + 12 E экы Жы: р р יק ו‎ аў

Espéces des Ctentdetalia

Tortella tortuosa e + в бү? שר‎ am зені!

Ctenidéur ползет > { ў 25 one: + He د‎

Orthotheetim inemioatim ו‎ ax tede dixe irt

Ditriohun flezicaula нар. ור"‎ o NT TOT" ו‎ т

Autres espèces

Bomalotheetun вагі сена У 7 oh SORA e E jet

tim stellare i Я MET O 4 ו‎ ad

nen coptttane PT e E ai E

Neckera стара 0 .. я בו‎ os 1

Grimmia aposarpa б "a c» oe 1

Lichens

Leptogiun Hohenciden. SES p * یرک‎ A п

бета sp. E Шр, nts des с ANM À Soter

Solarina saccata я ғанына 2) б uni dde, ama і

spices accidentelles : Cérmiphyttun crensinerotur + (rel.2); We ouprveotform + (ге? 2); Lepraria sp. +

Ze ו ו‎ аа a аты аа 1 (aU а а,

Sawer! + (rel ZC Colatejewea catearea 22 (re1.9): Oxprriynoitim avancas: + (rei Cladonia pet data

11:12); Plagioohiia ampleniotdea + (rel. 13); баарапіа aspera + (те1. 1]; Didprodm melius + (el 15);

Gelotejeimea rossertiana + (rel.16)i Олултдулейгың חאה חק‎ + (ТЕГ 16); Phamtun а12ресигит + (re. 16|

]- conicien + (тет 17): Cephalosta bicuspidata t + (rel. 17); Saleucetomt atrovirens 1.2 78119

יי‎

Tableau phytosociologique ` Елгатурго streptocarpae - Pissidentetum oristati Neumyr 1971.

(la nomenclature adoptée est celle de la flore des bryophytes de J. Augler).

Source : ММНМ. Paris

148 J-C. VADAM

16. Abbévillers. Sur Etremeys. Fissure et anfractuosité dans un banc de calcaire

trés humide: Surface horizontale enduite de carbonate de calcium (Phylli-

tido-Aceretum).

17. Blamont. Source de la Creuse. Anfractuosité dans un massif de tuf fossile

près de l'exsurgence (Phyllitido-Aceretum).

18. Liebvillers. Les Parts. Fissure dans um calcaire compact avec cupules de

dissolution et dépôt de carbonate de calcium (Радон).

19. Noirefontaine. Combe de l'Oeil de Bœuf. Fissure ruisselante dans un grand

bloc avec dépôt de carbonate de calcium assez important (Carpinion ther-

mophile).

Ш. DISCUSSION PHYTOSOCIOLOGIQUE

A) Symphysionomie.

L'association forme un gazonnement bas (1-2 cm), dont le recouvrement

variable est parfois très important (jusqu'à 95%). De couleur sombre, elle пе

comporte guère que des acrocarpes cespiteuses, très rarement fertiles aux étages

collinéen et montagnard inférieur où sont effectués les relevés. Les coussinets

sont habituellement brunâtres à l'intérieur des touffes. Bryochaméphyte ram-

pante, Pedinophyllum interruptum, forme des plages vert-sombre et sa haute

fréquence joue un rôle physionomique certain. Quelques lichens gélatineux,

plus rarement foliacés apportent une note colorée plus vive.

Le nombre spécifique moyen des relevés reste peu élevé (5 à 6 espèces).

B) Synchorologie.

Les groupements se rencontrent du haut en bas de la chaine du Lomont.

Fissidens cristatus et Encalypta streptocarpa sont des espéces paléarctiques à

grande amplitude hysométrique. L'aire potentielle de l'association est donc

trés grande. Elle est décrite en Europe occidentale (Baviére, Thuringe) et centrale

(Tchécoslovaquie). Elle s'observe encore en Europe méridionale.

C) Synécologie.

L'Encalypto Steptocarpae-Fissidentetum cristati est une association de

chasmophytes et d'exochomophytes calcicoles qui s'installent dans les fentes

des calcaires et entre les joints de stratification des bancs, ou ils trouvent

suffisamment d’eau pour subsister.

Le groupement existe sur les roches quelle qu'en soit la pente; on peut néan-

moins remarquer que Fissidens cristatus est alors plus abondant sur les parois

verticales et humides, tandis qu'Encalypta streptocarpa colonise préférentielle-

ment les joints des bancs horizontaux où s'est accumulé un peu d'humus.

L'exposition, par ses variations dans l'intensité de la lumiére et son róle

Source : MNHN, Paris

L'ENCALYPTO STREPTOCARPAE - FISSIDENTETUM CRISTATI 149

dans les conditions de siccité atmosphérique, détermine des transformations

importantes dans la composition de l'association.

Si les conditions optimales de l'association typique semblent se trouver réa-

lisées dans les stations à exposition dominante septentrionale, avec toutefois

une relative tolérance vis-à-vis du degré d'humidité du substrat, dans les relevés

riches en Trichostomum crispulum, l'éclairement est plus important, mais les

calcaires n'y sont jamais trés secs. Les stations les plus fréquentes sont les

joints de stratification avec présence de marne et des fissures assez profondes.

Trichostomum crispulum s'y trouve sous forme d'une plante à feuilles longue-

ment acuminées (variété acuminatum Meylan).

La présence élevée de Trichostomum brachydontium n'a été observée que sur

de petites falaises bien exposées, sous un couvert léger de Carpinion thermophile

ou méme de lambeaux de chénaie pubescente (Coronillo-Quercetum). La tricho-

stomée de l'association s'apparente alors à la variété cuspidatum Schimper,

où les feuilles sont trés allongées et qui est reconnue dans le Jura comme plus

héliophile que le type. Trichostomum brachydontium souligne non seulement

le caractére chaud de la station, mais renforce la tendance acidophile de toute

la végétation.

Quant aux relevés renfermant Gymnostomum calcareum, ils restent localisés

aux combes éclairées où régne néanmoins une forte hygrométrie, le substrat est

souvent perméable (tuf fossile) ou comporte un léger dépót de carbonate de

calcium de formation récente. De telles conditions sont encore favorables à

des espèces d'affinités méridionales, comme Oxyrrhynchium pumilum ош

Cololejeunea rossettiana, cette dernière, trés rare pour la région étudiée, trouvant

là ses seules stations connues.

groupement

+ ou - à

Ба groupemem Trichostomum

R pe Ly brachydontium

caleareum |

/ groupement

ombragé :

Trichostomum

erispulun

trés ener geed

ombragé Association

typique

ombre trés

1 + où -

humide humi de SEE sec

fumi dité

Schéma de l'optimum écologique des différentes formes que revêt l'Encalypto streptocarpae

Fissentetum cristati dans le Lomont (Jura septentrional).

Source : MNHN, Paris

150 J.C. VADAM

D) Syndynamique.

Cette association, longtemps pérenne, apparait en pionniére et colonise les

zones de fragilité des roches calcaires. En conditions mésophiles — les plus sou-

vent réalisées - elle entre en contact avec le Tortello-Ctenidietum; la compéti-

tion qui tourne à l'avantage de ce dernier ne fait pas disparaitre totalement les

espèces qui l'ont précédé, en effet, les pleurocarpes colonisent électivement

les surfaces de calcaire lisse et se cantonnent longtemps aux secteurs de roche

compacte. Il en résulte alors une mosaique aux éléments plus ou moins intriqués.

Quand la luminosité est forte et les groupements trés ouverts, l'association

voisine avec des individus d'Homalothecion sans réelle concurrence; mais si la

roche est trés friable ou permet l'accumulation des débris et d'un peu de terre,

à cette association se substituent des groupements proches du Tortuletum

inclinatae (Pleurochaetetion).

Sur les parois verticales ombragées, les associations du Neckerion ont une

puissance d'envahissement considérable, au point d'éliminer définitivement

les chasmophytes en les recouvrant. Aux joints de stratification, quand le pour-

centage de marne est très élevé et l'humidité par conséquent plus grande, Enca-

lypto streptocarpae-l'issidentetum cristati entre souvent en lutte avec les di-

verses associations sciaphiles et hygrophiles, voire méme à la base des falaises

avec le Thamnietum alopecuri, qui éliminera progressivement toutes les espèces

au profit du seul Thamnium alopecurum.

E) Synsystématique.

Des stades pionniers à Tortella tortuosa et Fissidens cristatus, dans la coloni-

sation des rochers calcaires ombragés de la région de Samoëns (Haute-Savoie),

ont été décrits par S. et P. JOVET (1945). Ces groupements se développent

tant sur les parois inclinées que sur les surfaces planes; la richesse des listes

de bryophytes semble écarter toute assimilation avec nos relevés. De même,

les associations à Tortella tortuosa, Fissidens cristatus, Ditrichum flexicaule

décrites par VIAN (1964) sur les rochers recouverts d'humus en chénaie-frénaie

de Saint-Gobain (Aisne) sont présentées sous forme de listes synthétiques qui

renferment des éléments nombreux du Ctenidion ou méme du Neckerion.

Cette conception prévaut déjà dans les travaux de DEMARET (1944) en Bel-

gique qui concevait un Ctenidion au sens très large, englobant les associations

muscinales de fissures. Nos relevés, caractérisés par Fissidens cristatus et Enca-

lypta streptocarpa s'identifient surtout face aux associations du Ctenidion

par la trés faible importance de Ctenidium molluscum, qui se révèle comme

étant particuliérement significative.

Une association assez proche de celle du Jura septentrional a été décrite

par NEUMAYR (1971) en Franconie, sous l'appellation d'Encalypto strepto-

carpae - Fissidentetum cristati; elle correspondrait à nos relevés typiques, scia-

philes et mésophiles. Mais dans le secteur montbéliardais, selon les conditions

ambiantes où lumière et humidité jouent un grand rôle, les associations fissurales

Source : MNHN, Paris

L'ENCALYPTO STREPTOCARPAE - FISSIDENTETUM CRISTATI 151

à Encalypta streptocarpa et Vissidens cristatus semblent pouvoir être subdivisées

en trois sous-associations provisoires :

— à Trichostomum crispulum (mésosciaphile et xérophile)

— à Trichostomum brachydontium (mésophotophile et xérophile)

— à Gymnostomum calcareum (mésophile et hygrophile)

Dans une synthèse de l'ordre des Cienidietalia mollusci Hadat et Smarda

1944, MARSTALLER a créé le Trichostomo-l'issidentetum cristati, qui est

faiblement caractérisé par Fissidens cristatus et se différencie раг Barbula fallax.

Ce groupement est par ailleurs trés pauvre en Tortella tortuosa et ne posséde

pas Ditrichum flexicaule; il montre des affinités certaines avec notre sous-asso-

ciation provisoire à Trichostomum crispulum, bien que Barbula fallax manque

constamment de nos relevés (différentielle locale ?).

Dans ce méme travail, l'auteur donne encore un relevé isolé provenant de

rochers ombragés du Muschelkalk de Thuringe, qui bien que contenant Tricho-

stomum mutabile var. cuspidatum, avec une forte présence et de nombreuses

espèces des Ctenidietalia, ne renferme ni Fissidens cristatus ni Encalypta strep

tocarpa; ce qui n'autorise guère de rapprochement avec nos relevés à Trichosto-

mum brachydontium, d'autant plus que les conditions écologiques des stations

observées différent.

L'association à Encalypta streptocarpa et Plagiochila asplenioides var. minor

sur rochers éclairés et secs, établie par VIAN (1964) dans le travail déjà cité

plus haut, est fournie sous forme d'un tableau synthétique avec encore Сіепі-

dium molluscum, Tortula subulata, Lophocolea minor; elle paraît difficile à

assimiler avec l'une quelconque des précédentes sous-associations. Mais le peuple-

ment à Gymnostomum calcareum des parties rocheuses verticales du ravin

près du ruisselet au Saut-du-Boiteux (Saint-Gobain, Aisne) qu'il rapproche de

l'association à Southbya nigrella de ALLORGE, décrite en Pays basque, paraît

assez proche des groupements mésophotophiles et hygrophiles. La similitude

est encore renforcée par la présence de Cololejeunea rossettiana еп épilithe

dans lcs stations observées. Cet ensemble spécifique, aile la plus thermo-hygro-

phile, est probablement le mieux individualisé; il manque une nette tendance

évolutive vers le Cratoneurion.

Plus prés de notre secteur d'étude, PHILIPPI signale dans la région du Dinkel-

berg, à l'est de Bâle, la présence d'une association muscinale originale, dévelop-

pée sur les rochers calcaires frais. Ses caractéristiques et différentielles d'associa-

tion sont Pedinophyllum interruptum, Gymnostomum calcareum, Jungermania

tristis et Seligeria pusilla; dans l'état actuel des connaissances de ce groupement,

il est rattaché au Ctenidion. Cette association présente aussi de nombreuses

similitudes avec nos relevés à Gymnostomum calcareum; elle s’en distingue

surtout par un appauvrissement relatif en Fissidens cristatus et par l'importance

accrue des hépatiques, ainsi que celle de Seligeria pusilla. Cette association

occupe probablement des zones rocheuses où les conditions ambiantes sont

plus fraiches que dans le Lomont.

sidentetum

Du point de vue synsystématique, l'Encalypto streptocarpae-

Source : MNHN, Paris

152 J.C. VADAM

cristati a été placé par NEUMAYR dans l'alliance du Fissidention cristati Jezek

et Vondratek 1962, dont la validité reste aléatoire par la faible importance des

espéces des unités supérieures dans les relevés.

Ultérieurement, MARSTALLER n'accordant qu'une importance mineure

aux conditions stationnelles que constituent les fissures rocheuses, considère

l'Encalypto streptocarpae-Fissidentetum cristati Neumayr 1971, comme très

proche du Tortello-Ctenidietum mollusci (Gams 1927) Stodiek 1937 et le

maintient, tout en doutant de sa réalité, dans l'alliance du Ctenidion Stefureac

1941. Cependant, cet auteur regroupe quelques associations muscinales spé-

cialisées de fissures, cavités et surplombs humides et peu éclairés dans une

alliance nouvellement créée, le Trichostomion crispuli, qui а pour caractéris-

tique unique Trichostomum crispulum.

D'autre part, la considération du Pedinophylletum interrupti Herzog et

Hôfler 1944, du Seligerietum pusillae Demaret 1944, du Seligerietum tristichae

Herzog et Höfler 1944, ainsi que les tendances des variations de composition

spécifique de nos relevés de l'Encalypto streptocarpae-Fissidentetum. cristati

Neumayr 1971, où souvent les espèces du Ctenidion encore présentes ne jouent

plus qu'un róle subalterne peut permettre, suivant en celà l'opinion de NEU-

MAYR, d'envisager leur réunion au sein d'un Fissidention pusilli, qui privilégie

alors le caractère d'hygrophilie.

En conclusion, les bryo-associations des fissures rocheuses des calcaires sont

encore insuffisamment connues; des études plus nombreuses portant sur de

vastes aires géographiques sont encore nécessaires pour établir leur réelle position

systématique.

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Hadac und Smarda 1944. 1. Beitrag zur Moosvegetation Thü

89 : 629-661.

NEUMAYR L., 1971 — Moosgesellschaften der südöstlichen Frankenalb und des vorderen

bayerischen Waldes. Hoppea 29 : 1-364.

NYHOLM E., 1974 — Illustrated Moss Flora of Fennoscandia. Fasc. 1-6, Stockholm.

PHILIPPI С., 1979 — Moosflora und Moosvegetation des Buchswaldes bei Grenzach-

Wyhlen, Natur- и. Landschaftsschutzgebiete Baden-Wiirttemberg 9 : 113-146.

QUÉLET L., 1873 — Catalogue des mousses, sphaignes et hépatiques des environs de

Montbéliard, Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard 2e sér., 5 : 1-81.

STEFUREAC T.I., 1941 — Cercetări sinecologice si sociologice asupra Bryophytelor din

codrul secular Slatiovara (Bucovina). Anales Acad. Romane sér, 3, 16 : 1-197.

Ctenidetalia mollusci

ingens. Feddes Repert.

STODIEK E., 1937 - Soziologische und ókolische Untersuchungen an den xerotopen

Moosen und Flechten des Muschelkalkes in der Umgebung von Jena. Feddes Repert.

Beih. 99 : 1-46.

VADAM J.C., 1973 — Étude des bryophytes des Roches de Pontde-Roide. Bull. Soc.

Hist. Nat. Pays Montbéliard : 31-44.

VADAM J.C. 1975 — Étude de la végétation bryophytique de Vandoncourt. Ann. Sci.

Univ. Besançon, Bot., 3e sér., 16 : 51-61.

VADAM J.C., 1980-1981 — La vallée du Gland. Univers 9 : 14-38; 10 : 1-29.

VIAN B. 1964 — Recherches sur la végétation bryophytique en forêt de Saint-Gobain

(Aisne). Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. «1963» 1964, 32 :95-156.

Source : MNHN, Paris.

PRICE

Sd tT dta

ana בא‎ “ніва айцоў знанае ob зіміз

E deett.

155

SPORE ORNAMENTATION STUDIES

IN ANACOLIA (MUSCI; BARTRAMIACEAE) А

D. GRIFFIN, Ш* 8 M.L. ACUNA**

ABSTRACT. — Spores of Anacolia laevisphaera and A. intertexta were examined by light

and scanning electron microscopy. Those of A. laevisphaera show a complex ornamentation

of smooth clavate and verrucate elements arising from elongate, liratelike bases while

spores of A. intertexta are bullate with each bulla having a granulate surface.

INTRODUCTION

Anacolia is а small genus of the Bartramiaceae which is reasonably well

circumscribed, although it shares certain morphological facies with several

other genera of the family. The ovate-narrowly lanceolate leaves of A. laevi-

sphaera, which typically end in acuminate and coarsely serrate tips, are reminis

cent of those of some members of the genus Bartramia, especially of section

Bartramia, or even of some species of Leiomela. The capsule of Anacolia, how-

ever, resembles that of some species of Bartramidula in being symmetric, lepto-

dermous and irregularly rugulose. In addition there is a tendency in both

Anacolia and Bartramidula toward gymnostomy. The gametophytes of these

latter two genera, however, are quite distinct. Plants of Bartramidula are synoi-

cous, diminutive and similar in habit and leaf areolation to some species of

Philonotis (e. g., P. uncinata (Schwägr.) Brid.). As in Philonotis, the perichaetia

of Bartramidula are subtended by a whorl of branches. Plants of Anacolia are

dioicous, relatively robust and similar in habit and leaf areolation to some

species of Bartramia, section Bartramia or to Leiomela. In Anacolia, whorled

branching has been observed only in some male plants.

* Department of Botany & The Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville,

Florida, U.S.A. 32611.

7” Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Vene-

zuela

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 155-160.

Source : MNHN, Paris

D. GRIFFIN, Ш & M.L. ACUNA

Source : MNHN, Paris

SPORES OF ANACOLIA 157

The present study was undertaken to clarify our knowledge regarding ano-

ther aspect of the morphology of Anacolia, that of spore ornamentation. Infor-

mation from such studies may help with assessing both the taxonomic and phy-

logenetic status of Anucolia within its family and with refining our concept

of the relationships of species within the genus.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

The methodology employed in this study, for both light and scanning elec-

tron microscopy, was the same as reported in a previous study of Leiomela

(GRIFFIN 1981) and need not be reiterated here.

Specimens examined. — Anacolia laevisphaera (Tayl) Flow. MEXICO. Mexi-

co, above Rio Frio, on soil, 3600 m, Sharp et al. 1654; D.F., at La Cima, at base

of trees, 10,000 ft., Pringle 10513. VENEZUELA. Mérida, paramo de Mucubaÿ,

on ground, ca, 3500 m, Fransén 1307; near the Laguna de los Anteojos, tele

férico, on rock in paramo, 3800 m, Griffin, López & Ruiz-Teran 394. BOLIVIA.

Depto. La Paz, trial between Charasani & Niño Karime, NNW of Chuma, on soil,

3350-3450 m, Marko Lewis 79-987. — Anacolia intertexta (Besch.) Par. MEXI-

CO. Hidalgo, National Park near Mineral El Chico, on boulder, 3300 m, Sharp

et al. 1808; Michoacan, Cerro de Tecolote near Zacapu, on volcanic rock,

10,400 ft. Sharp 3748: México, alrededores de la presa Iturbide cerca de San-

tiago Tlazala, en bosque de Abies religiosa, 3200 m, Rzedowski 30188.

RESULTS

Anacolia laevispbaera, Spores of this species are subsphaerical to subreni-

form. Spore sizes in the collections studied varied as follows (10 spores measured

per collection) : Sharp et al. 1654 — mean value 25 x 21 ит, range 31.9 x

264 um to 22 х 18.7 ши; Fransén 1307 - mean value 23 x 20 um, range

24.2 x 22 ит to 19.8 x 19.8 ит; Lewis 79-987 — mean value 29 x 25 um,

range 37 x 29.6 um to 20 x 18.5 um. FLOWERS (1952) described the spores

of this species as «coarsely roughened with large wart-like papillae». SEM

reveals the ornamentation to be composed of both clavate and verrucate pro-

jections, 2-3 um high, which are smooth (Fig. 1, 2). The bases of these projec-

tions are elongate and form a lirate-like surface beneath the projections. The

projecting elements are found on all faces of the spores, there being no projec-

tion. free areas,

Fig. 1-2 : Spores of Anacolia laevisphaera (Tayl. Flow. (Bolivia, Lewis 79-987). — 1.

Whole spore, distal face, x 4,200. — 2. Detail of surface ornamentation, x 10,000.

Source : MNHN. Paris

D. GRIFFIN, Ш & M.L, ACUÑA

Source : MNHN, Paris

SPORES OF ANACOLIA 159

Anacolia intertexta. Spores of this species are subspherical to reniform.

The sizes of the spores in the collections studied varied as follows (10 spores

measured per collection) : Sharp et al. 1808 — mean value 23 x 19 ит, range

20.9 x 17.6 um to 25.3 x 24.2 um; Rzedowski 30188 — mean value 31 x 25 um,

range 33 x 27.5 um to 29.7 x 23.1 ит. FLOWERS (ibid.) described the spores

of this species as «slightly roughened with low, convex, wart-like papillae».

SEM reveals the ornamentation to be composed of bullalike elements, 1-2 um

high. which are distinctly granulate (Fig. 3, 4). These elements may occur

isolated or, more frequently, in clusters. The basement surface from which

the bullae arise is smooth or faintly wrinkled. On several of the spores studied,

one or more elongate areas were observed that are free of projecting elements

(cf. Fig, 3). These bulla-free areas often occur at the rim of the concavity corres-

ponding to the proximal face of the spore.

DISCUSSION

Despite its relatively small size ( 7 species fide VAN DER WIJK et al., 1959-

-1969), Anacolia shows distinct heteromorphy with regard to spore ornamen-

tation patterns, This situation contrasts with that discovered in Leiomela (GRIF-

FIN 1981), a comparably small genus, where no differences in spore orna-

mentation were found among 4 species.

It should be noted that А. laevisphaera and A. intertexta differ morpholo-

gically in other ways. In A. laevisphaera the upper lamina is 2-stratose and leaf

cell papillae project from both ends of the cells, while іп A. intertexta the leaves

аге 1-stratose throughout and the leaf cell papillae are centric over the lumens.

FLOWERS (1952) recognized 2 additional species with 1-stratose leaves and

centric papillae, A. abyssinica (C. Muell.) Flow. and A. sinensis Broth., which,

together with A. intertexta, constitute a closely related group. The name A.

abyssinica (C. Muell.) Flow. apparently is a hom. Шер. insofar as this binomial

was already published by SCHIMPER (1876). FLOWERS expressed the opinion

that SCHIMPER species was in no critical way different from A. laevisphaera.

The plants seen by FLOWERS, and given the name A. abyssinica, are quite

similar to A. intertexta, differing mainly in the development of a larger central

strand. Plants of A. sinensis have a central strand similar in size to that of A.

intertexta but produce leaves that are larger, less serrated and with narrower

upper laminal cells. Unfortunately, spores of A. abyssinica (sensu FLOWERS)

and of A. sinensis have not been available for study; however, from the findings

reported in the present study, it would seem obvious that an examination of

Fig. 3-4 : Spores of Anacolia intertexta (Besch.) Par. (México, Rzedowski 30188). — 3.

Whole spore, 3/4 view of distal face, x 2,500. — 4. Detail of surface ornamentation,

x 7,500.

Source : ММНМ. Paris

160 D. GRIFFIN, Ш & M.L. ACUÑA

the ornamentation type in the spores of these two species will be basic to an

assessment of their relationship to each other and to their status within the

genus.

At the intergencric level, spore morphology in Anacolia cannot at this stage

confirm or deny the «naturalness» of the taxon. Heteromorphy in spore orna-

mentation is known in most of the larger genera of Bartramiaceae, as for ins-

tance in Bartramia, Philotonis and Breutelia (cf. BOROS & JARAI-KOMLODI

1975, GRIFFIN 1982). It is even possible to encounter ornamentation patterns

in other genera of the family that resemble, at least superficially, those seen in

Anacolia. The full range of pattern types in this and other genera will have

to await further study. It can be noted. however, that neither BROTHERUS

(1924) nor FLOWERS (1952) elected to recognize sections or subgenera within

Anacolia. If it is discovered that all species of Anacolia with centric papillae

also have bullate-granulate spores while those with acentric papillae have smooth

clavate-verrucate spores, a consideration of infrageneric taxonomy will seem to

be in order.

LITERATURE CITED

BOROS A. & JÁRAI-KOMLÓDI M., 1975 — An Atlas of Recent European Moss Spores.

Budapest : Akadémiai Kiado.

BROTHERUS V.F., 1924 — Musch, Іп : ENGLER А. & PRANTL K., Die Natürlichen

Pflanzenfamilien. ed. 2, 10 : 1-478.

FLOWERS $., 1952 — Monograph of the genus Anacolia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 79 (2) :

161-185.

GRIFFIN D., Ш, 1981 — Spore ornamentation in Leiomela (Musch: Bartramiaceae). Cryp.

togamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 2 (1) : 101-106.

GRIFFIN D., Ш, 1982 — Spore morphology and generic concepts in the Bartramiaceae.

Now Hedwigia 71 : 269-270.

SCHIMPER W.P., 1876 — Synopsis Muscorum Europaeorum. ed. 2. Stuttgart. p. 514.

VAN DER WIJK R., MARGADANT W.D. & FLORSCHÜTZ P.A., 1959-1969 — Index

Muscorum. Utrecht.

Source : MNHN, Paris:

161

GLUCOSAMINE 6-P ISOMERASE

OF EVERNIA PRUNASTRI (L.) ACH.

S. RAPSCH and B. CIFUENTES*

SUMMARY. Glucosamine-P isomerase has been found in Evernia prunastri thallus,

The isomerase activity develops when the thallus is floated on both glucose and ammonium

sulfate, although the sugar without any addition is able to induce the enzyme. Isomerase

activity is located in both symbionts, although, as specific activity, mycobiont cells retain

about 70 per cent of enzymatic activity.

INTRODUCTION

The cell wall of filamentous fungi is composed of both cellulose and chitin

microfibers (HUNSLEY and BURNETT 1970) imbibed in a homogenous matrix

(SALTON 1960) of glucans and glycoproteins (ALBERSHEIM 1974), Chitin

is а linear polymer formed by N-acetylglucosamine units binding by В (1 — 4)

bonds (BARTNICKI-GARCIA 1968). Its biosynthesis involves several enzymes,

being the first of these glucosamine 6-P isomerase (or D-fructose 6-P amino-

transferase). This enzyme (E.C.5.3.1.19 according to FASMAN 1976) synthe-

size glucosamine 6-P through a transamination reaction by using fructose 6-P

and glutamine as substrates (BATES and PASTERNAK 1965).

This paper reports the evolution of isomerase activity in thallus of Evernia

prunastri under several conditions of nutrient availability as well as its location

on both lichen symbionts.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. growing on Quercus pyrenaica, was collected in

La Pradera (Segovia, Spain) and used throughout this work. Samples of thallus

(1.0 g in air-dried weight) were floated on 50 mM glucose and/or 40 mM ammo-

* Department of Plant Physiology. The Lichen Team. Faculty of Biology. Complutense

University. Madrid (3). Spain. Requests should be sent to B. Cifuentes.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 161-167.

Source : MNHN, Paris

162 S. RAPSCH and B. CIFUENTES

nium sulfate in 150 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 at 26°C in darkness as well

as in white light (1.2 mW.cm~ at level of plants) provided from 40 W fluores-

cent tubes Sylvania F5o T12-

At different times, the samples were removed from the media, washed with

distilled water and macerated with enough 150 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.5.

The homogenate was filtered through a cheesecloth and the filtrate was centri-

fuged at 20,000 x g for 20 minutes at 4°C.

The glucosamine 6-P isomerase activity was measured in the cell-free extracts

according to GHOSH et al. (1960) and the protein was estimated by the POTTY

method (1969) modified by HARTREE (1972). One unit of specific activity

enzyme units

glucose (umol /ml)

2 4 6 8 10

time (hours)

Fig. 1. — Thallus of Evernia prunastri incubated at 26°C on 50 mM glucose in light (empty

symbols) or darkness (filled symbols). A: Time course of glucosamine-P isomerase

activity (stars). Control thallus incubated in distilled water (triangles). B : Glucose rem-

nant in the culture medium. (Values are the mean of four replicates).

Source : MNHN. Paris

GLUCOSAMINE 6-P ISOMERASE OF EVERNIA 163

was defined as 1.0 др of glucosamine 6-P per mg of protein and hour.

Remaining glucose was estimated in the media by glucose oxidase method

(SOLS & DE LA FUENTE 1957) and the remaining ammonia by nesslerization*.

enzyme units

ammonia ( umol / ml )

time ( hours )

Fig. 2. — Thallus of Evernia prunastri incubated at 26°C оп 40 mM ammonium sulfate in

light (empty symbols) or darkness (filled symbols). A : Time course of glucosamine-P

isomerase activity (circles). Control thallus incubated in distilled water (triangles). B : Am

monium sulfate remnant in the culture medium. (Values are the mean of four replicates).

"(Standard methods for the examination of water, sewage, and industrial wastes. Ed. 10.

New York : Amer. Public. Health Assoc. Inc. 1955, pp. 240-241)

Source : MNHN, Paris

enzyme units

ammonia ( umol / ті)

enzyme units

сә

glucose (umol / ml )

Source : MNHN, Paris

GLUCOSAMINE 6-P ISOMERASE OF EVERNIA 165

Lichen symbionts were isolated by successive centrifugations according

to ASCASO (1980) and tested at light microscope as homogeneity criterium.

Both mycobiont and phycobiont were separately disrupted with 150 mM

phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, in a MSE sonic oscilator at 8.000 microns, 20 Res!

for 1 minute with ice-cold protection and centrifuged at 20,000 x р for 20

minutes. Cell-free extracts were used for the enzyme assay.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Glucosamine 6-P isomerase slightly increases for the two first hours of culture

to decrease later when the samples of thallus are floated on 50 mM glucose in

darkness (Fig. 1-A), although since 4 hours of culture low values of activity

are maintained, at a similar level than those reached by samples floated on dis-

tilled water. However, if the thallus samples are floated in the light, isomerase

activity shows values lower than those found in the control but it increases

for 10 hours of culture. In these conditions, the amount of glucose in the media

does not significantly change (Fig. 1-B).

Time course of glucosamine 6-P isomerase activity in thalli incubated on

40 mM ammonium sulfate does not show any significative change (Fig. 2-A)

although ammonia is actively removed from the media (Fig. 2-B).

When 50 mM glucose and 40 mM ammonium sulfate are added to the incu-

bation media isomerase activity strongly increaseses for the two first hours

of incubation in darkness to remain later at the level of controls (Fig. 3-A).

In these conditions, the uptake of ammonia by thallus samples is higher than

that shown for glucose (Fig. 3-B).

The effect of inhibitors of proteins on the time-course of glucosamine 6-P

isomerase is shown in Fig. 4. Both 8-azaguanine (inhibitor of transcription)

and cycloheximide (inhibitor of translation), included in the culture media,

increase the activity of the enzyme. This unusual effect is similar to the actino-

mycin D on glucokinase (SOLS et al. 1965) and phosphatase acide enzymes

(MUNOZ and RODRIGUEZ 1978), and on glucosamine 6-P isomerase of Pro-

teus mirabilis (CIFUENTES 1980).

Fig. 3. — Thallus of Evernia prunastri incubated at 26°C on 50 mM glucose and 40 mM

ammonium sulfate in light (empty symbols) or darkness (filled symbols). A: Time

course of glucosamine-P isomerase activity (squares). Control thallus incubated is distil-

led water (triangles). B: Ammonium sulfate (triangles) and glucose (circles) remnants

in the culture medium. (Values are the mean of four replicates).

Fig. 4. — Time course of glucosamine-P isomerase activity in Evernia prunastri thallus

incubated at 26°C in light on 50 mM glucose and 40 mM ammonium sulfate (squares)

and 3,28 mM 8.azaguanine (circles) or 404M (triangles). (Values are the mean of three

replicates).

Source : MNHN, Paris

S. RAPSCH and B. CIFUENTES

The activity of the isomerase is not subject to stational variations; the levels

of enzymatic activity are similar at all evaluated months, approximately six

units of specific activity. In opposite, the results obtained about the second

enzyme in the methabolic pathway of chitin biosynthesis, N-acetylglucosamine

6-P synthetase, show that this enzymatic activity reaches its most important

level at the end of summer (CIFUENTES and RAPSCH, unpublished).

Thall us Phycobiont Mycobiont

Total protein

(mgs) 13.620 0.776 12. 780

Ch) 100 5.69 93.83

Specific activity

(units) 12. 59 3.63 8,96

8) 100 28.86 71.13

Total activity (x)

(units) 171.53 2.82 114,50

(%) 100 1.64 66.75

(x) About a 32 per cent of total activity has been lost in the symbionts

isolation process.

Tab. 1. — Distribution of glucosamine-P isomerase in Evernia prunastri thallus. (Values

are the mean of four replicates).

Glucosamine 6-P isomerase of Evernia prunastri is preferently retained in the

mycobiont cells, 71 per cent of specific activity (Tab. 1). The 30 per cent

of specific activity present in the algae cells, can be explained by the important

participation of this enzyme in the biosynthesis of hexosamines and glyco-

proteins (PHELPS et al. 1970).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. — This work has been supported by a grant from the Comision

Asesora Cientifica y Técnica de Presidencia del Gobierno (N° 3768-79).

REFERENCES

ALBERSHEIM P., 1974 — The primary cell wall and control of elongation growth. In :

J.B. PRIDHAM ed., Plant carbohydrate biochemistry. New York & London, Academic

Press, pp. 145-164.

Source : ММНМ. Paris

UCOSAMINE 6-P ISOMERASE OF EVERNIA 167

ASCASO C. 1980 - А rapid method for the quantitative isolation of green algae from

lichen, Ann. Bot. (London) 45 : 483.

BARTNICKI-GARCIA S., 1968 — Cell wall chemistry, morphogenesis and taxonomy of

fungi. Annual Rev. Microbiol. 22 : 87-108.

BATES C. and PASTERNAK С., 1965 — Further studies on the regulation of amino

sugar metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. Biochem. J. 96 :147454.

CIFUENTES B. 1980 — Modificacion por acido L-usnico de estructuras que soportan

la permeabilidad celular. Ph. D. Thesis. Madrid, Complutense University.

FASMAN G.,1976 — Handbook of biochemistry and molecular biology. Vol. II. Cleveland,

CRC. Press. p. 144.

GHOSH S., BLUMENTHAL H.J., DAVISON E. and ROSEMAN S., 1960 — Glucosamine

metabolism. V. Enzymatic synthesis of glucosamine 6-phosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 235 :

1265-1273.

HARTREE E.F., 1972 — Determination of protein : a modification of the Lowry method

that gives a linear photometric response. Analyt. Biochem, 48 : 423-427.

HUNSLEY D. and BURNETT JH , 1970 - The ultrastructural architecture of the walls

of some hyphal fungi. J. Gen. Microbiol. 62 : 203-218.

MUNOZ ML. and RODRIGUEZ-LOPEZ M., 1978 — Induced synthesis of phosphates

in microalgae by antibiotic inhibitor of protein synthesis : mechanism of action. Pl.

Sci. Lett. 13 :275-280.

PHELPS C.F., HARDINGHAM Т.Е. and WINTERBURN P.J., 1970 — Studies on the

control of nucleotide sugar metabolism in glucosamino-glycan biosynthesis. Exposés

Annuels Biochim. Méd. 30 : 79-95.

POTTY V.H., 1969 — Determination of proteins in the presence of phenols and pectins.

Analyt. Biochem. 29 : 535-539.

SALTON M.R.J., 1960 — Microbial cell walls. New York & London, Willey.

SOLS A., SILLERO A. and SALAS J., 1965 — Insulin-dependent synthesis of glucokinase.

7. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 66 : 23-38;

SOLS A. y DE LA FUENTE G., 1975 — Glucosa-oxidasa en anilisis. Revista Esp. Fisiol.

13 :231-245.

Source : MNHN. Paris

169

BOULY DE LESDAIN AND VOUAUX MATERIAL

IN THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

OF NEW SOUTH WALES, SYDNEY (NSW)

D.L. HAWKSWORTH* and Р.У. JAMES**

ABSTRACT. - А collection of 122 packets of assorted cryptogams presented to the

National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney (NSW) by M. Bouly de Lesdain (1869-

1965) was rediscovered іп 1981. The specimens include type or authentic material of

several lichens he described, especially from Mexico. In addition the collection contains

type or authentic material of several lichenicolous fungi described from France by L

Vouaux (1870-1914) on the basis of specimens collected by Bouly de Lesdain. Notes on

six lichens described by Bouly de Lesdain and four lichenicolous fungi described by Vouaux

are presented. Phoma fusispora Vouaux is lectotypified by one specimen amongst the mate-

rial and confirmed as based on pycnidia of Lecanora saligna (Schrader) Zahlbr. Results

of examination of the lichens described by Bouly de Lesdain by thin layer chromatography

are included.

INTRODUCTION

Maurice Bouly de Lesdain (1869-1965) was one of the foremost French

lichenologists of the early decades of the present century. He is particularly

noted for his penetrating investigations on the lichen flora and vegetation of the

sand dunes around Dunkirk (BOULY DE LESDAIN 1910, 19144) and for

floristic lists, including descriptions of new species, from little known regions

of the world. especially Mexico (BOULY DE LESDAIN 1914 b). An account

of his life and work is provided by DES ABBAYES (1966).

The application of many names introduced by Bouly de Lesdain has been

uncertain as a result of the destruction of the herbarium material he had accu-

mulated to that time in 1940 during World War II hostilities in Dunkirk. He

* Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Slough SL2 3BN, UK.

1" Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7

5BD, UK.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 169-173

Source : MNHN. Paris

170 D.L. HAWKSWORTH and P.W. JAMES

sent duplicates to several herbaria of which the most important are, according

to LAUNDON (1979), Paris (PC), Uppsala (UPS) and Washington (US); STA-

FLEU & COWAN (1976) also mention Beltsville (ВРІ), Edinburgh (E), Glasgow

(GL), Helsinki (H), Oslo (O) and Vienna (W) and GRUMMANN (1974) includes

Lund (DL). Most of these herbaria include rather few of his specimens and it

is necessary to examine all in the search for type material of taxa Bouly de

Lesdain described.

In August 1981 we discovered a box including 122 unincorporated packets

of cryptogams which had been sent to the National Herbarium of New South

Wales, Sydney (NSW) by Bouly de Lesdain. The precise details of acquisition

could not be determined but it is probable that the specimens were sent on

exchange as a part of the active exchange programme initiated at the Herbarium

by Edwin Cheel (1872-1951) from about 1910 onwards. The specimens are

mainly from France but also include type or authentic material of several lichens

Bouly de Lesdain described from Mexico. Also present was a variety of licheni-

colous fungi he had collected in France; some of these packets proved to be

type or authentic material of species described by l'abbé Léon Vouaux (1870-

1914) on the basis of Bouly de Lesdain's material. These fungi were of especial

interest as only few remnants of Vouaux's herbarium are extant (RONDON

1970) and type material of many taxa he described has not been located by

recent authors, The collection also includes 58 packets of bryophytes.

This note draws attention to the existence of Bouly de Lesdain material in

NSW for the first time and provides notes on the type and authentic specimens

which are represented in it. The specimens are now being incorporated into

the collections.

FUNGI

Microdiplodia effusae Vouaux, in Keissler, Scient. Results Norw, Novaya Zemlya

Exped, 28 5, 1928.

Zuydcoote, dunes, sur un pieu, parasite sur Lecanora effusa (i. e. L. saligna

(Schrader) Zahlbr.), 14 August 1910, M. Bouly de Lesdain (NSW L 4347).

This name was never validly published by Vouaux and Keissler (loc. cit.)

only listed it as a synonym of M. lecanorae Vouaux and did not accept the

name. However, the present collection is almost certainly a syntype of M.

lecanorae as a collection « Zuydcoote : dunes, sur Lecanora effusa croissant sur

un pieu ...» was cited in the original account of that species (BOULY DE LES-

DAIN 19148 : 166). The specimen is typical material of the species now called

Lichenodiplis lecanorae (Vouaux) Dyko & D. Hawksw. into the synonymy of

which it was placed by HAWKSWORTH & DYKO (1979).

Microdiplodia lecanorae Vouaux, in Bouly de Lesdain, Rech. Lich. Dunk. Suppl.

1:165,1914.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BOULY DE LESDAIN AND VOUAUX SPECIMENS 171

Ghyvelde, dunes internes, parasite sur Lecanora effusa (1. e. L. saligna

(Schrader) Zahlbr.), 17 September 1913, M. Вошу de Lesdain (NSW L 4346).

The fourth syntype of this species to be traced. In addition to that under

the name Microdiplodia effusae found in NSW (see above), two further syntypes

are present in the remnants of Vouaux's herbarium (HAWKSWORTH & DYKO

1979). АП four syntypes conform to the species now called Lichenodiplis

lecanorae (Vouaux) Dyko & D. Hawksw. (syn. Diplodina lecanorae Vouaux).

One of the syntypes amongst Vouaux's material was selected as lectotype for

M. lecanorae by HAWKSWORTH & DYKO (loc. cit.).

Phoma fusispora Nouaux, in Bouly de Lesdain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 59 : 215,

1912.

Ghyvelde, racine de Populus monilifera, 10 October 1911, M. Bouly de

Lesdain (NSW L 4349).

This species was originally described «aux environs de Dunkerque» but no

precise localities were given. In a revision of the lichenicolous Coelomycetes,

HAWKSWORTH (1981 : 81) was unable to locate any authentic material of this

taxon but, following KEISSLER (1930 : 547) who stated that he has seen

the type, treated the name as based on the pycnidia of Lecanora saligna (Schra-

der) Zahlbr. The NSW specimen produces falcate hyaline conidia 7-10 x 2-3um

and agrees closely with the original description of the taxon; it is therefore

selected as lectotype for Vouaux's name here. The material is definitely the pyc-

nidia of Lecanora saligna and the treatment by KEISSLER (1930) and HAWKS-

WORTH (1981) is vindicated.

Pboma lecanorae Vouaux, in Bouly de Lesdain, Rech. Lich. Dunk. : 277, 1910.

Ghyvelde, dunes internes, parasites sur Lecanora effusa (i. e. L, saligna

(Schrader) Zahlbr.), 10 October 1913, M. Bouly de Lesdain (NSW L 4348).

Ghyvelde, dunes internes, parasites sur Lecamora effusa (i. e. L. saligna

(Schrader) Zahlbr.), 22 May 1912, M. Bouly de Lesdain (NSW L 4341).

This name was published before either of the above collections was made.

One of the two syntypes cited in Bouly de Lesdain (1910) is amongst the rem-

nants of Vouaux's herbarium and this was selected as lectotype for the name

by HAWKSWORTH (1981 : 82) who considered that it most probably repre-

sented pycnidia of Opegrapha lithyrga Ach. The above 1912 collection was also

indicated to be accompanied by Coniosporium lecanorae Jaap, and the 1913

collection by Phoma lichenis Pass. The 1912 collection is overgrown by various

dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, to which Vouaux evidently misapplied Jaap's

name (the latter is Lichenoconium lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw.; HAWKS-

WORTH 1979 : 269-270), but also includes the normal pycnidia of Lecanora

saligna. The 1913 specimen only seemed to support L. saligna pycnidia, the

name P. lichenis was probably based on pycnidia of Physconia pulverulacea

Moberg (HAWKSWORTH 1981 : 82). These two later collections indicate

that the name Phoma lecanorae was applied to various lichen pycnidia and not

consistently to ones close to Opegrapha lithyrga.

Source : MNHN. Paris

172 D.L. HAWKSWORTH and P.W. JAMES

LICHENS

Buellia subaetbalea B. de Lesd., Lich. Mex. : 27, 1914.

État de Michoacan, Morelia, Loma Sto Maria, 1950 m, 13 January 1910, A.

Brouard (NSW L 4340).

Chemistry : norstictic acid and UV + orange pigment.

From the holotype locality but no collectors number given. Probably an

isotype.

Physcia mexicana B. de Lesd., Lich, Mex. : 8, 1914.

Mexique D.F., Mixcoae San Borja, 18 September 1913, A. Brouard 9593

(NSW L 4351).

Chemistry : atranorin and unknown (UV + pink on charing) terpenes.

A later collection of this species which was accepted by THOMSON (1963).

Its chemical components do not previously appear to have been reported on,

Placodium mexicanum В. de Lesd., Lich. Mex. : 10, 1914.

Puebla 22 November 1906, A. Brouard (NSW L 4350).

Chemistry : calycin, pulvinic acid, pulvinic dilactone and zeorin.

Although this collection does not bear a collector’s number, it is certainly

a duplicate of one of the cited numbers and is at least a syntype.

Psora nicolai B. de Lesd., Lich. Mex. : 20, 1914.

Puebla, Acatzingo, 2000 m, July 1907, F. Nicolas (NSW L 4352).

Chemistry : norstictic acid.

This specimen is probably an isotype for this species name. SCHNEIDER

(1979 : 101) cited a specimen in US as an isotype but this was given as from

2100 m and collected in July 1909 by Nicolas and Amable. Schneider treated

this species as a synonym of Psora concava B. de Lesd. and also reported it as

containing norstictic acid.

Rinodina suboreina B. de Lesd., Lich. Mex. : 12, 1914.

Etat de Michoacan, Morelia, Rincon, 21 January 1910, A. Brouard (NSW L

4353).

Chemistry : usnic acid and an additional compound which was C + red,

probably lecanoric acid.

Although this collection did not bear a collector’s number, it can be presu-

med to be a duplicate of one of the specimens cited in the original account of

this species.

Verrucaria subtruncatula B. de Lesd., Rech. Lich. Dunk. : 241, 1910.

Dunkerque, berge du canal des fortifications, April 1910, M. Bouly de Les-

Source : MNHN, Paris

BOULY DE LESDAIN AND VOUAUX SPECIMENS 173

dain (NSW L 4355).

Chemistry : no substances detected by t. І. c.

Definitely an isotype which must be designated as lectotype for this name

now that Bouly de Lesdain's Dunkirk herbarium has been destroyed

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. — We are indebted to Mr D.F. Blaxwell for access to the

cryptogamic collections of the National Herbarium of New South Wales which led to the

discovery of the material which is the basis of this note; to Dr Barbara G. Briggs and

Ms Joy Everett for the subsequent information they provided on this collection: to Dr

M.R.D. Seaward for assistance during our visit; and also to Miss Joy Waler for the thin

layer chromatography carried out on selected specimens,

REFERENCES

DES ABBAYES H., 1966 — Le Dr Maurice Bouly de Lesdain (1869-1965), Rev. Bryol.

Lichénol. 34 : 370-375.

BOULY DE LESDAIN M., 1910 — Recherches sur les Lichens des environs de Dunkerque

Dunkerque, Société Dunkerquoise.

BOULY DE LESDAIN M., 1914 а — Recherches sur les Lichens des environs de Dunker

que. ler Supplément, Dunkerque, Société Dunkerquoise.

BOULY DE LESDAIN M., 1914 b — Lichens du Mexique. Mexico, 1, Escalente.

GRUMMANN V.J., 1974 — Biographisch-bibliographisches Handbuch der Lichenologie

Lehre, J. Cramer.

HAWKSWORTH D.L. 1979 — The lichenicolous Hyphomycetes. Bull. Brit, Mus. Nat.

Hist. (Bot.) 6 : 183-300.

HAWKSWORTH D.L., 1981 — The lichenicolous Coelomycetes, Bull. Brit. Mus, Nat

Hist. (Bot.) 9 :1-98.

HAWKSWORTH D.L. א‎ DYKO B.J., 1979 — Lichenodiplis and l'ouauxiomyces : two

new genera of lichenicolous Coelomycetes. Lichenologist 11 : 51-61.

KEISSLER К. von 1930 — Die Flechtenparasiten. Rabenh. Kryptog.ll. 8 eiis, 1-712.

LAUNDON J.R.,

nologist 11

RONDON Y., 1970 — L'herbier des champignons parasites des lichens de l'abbé Vouaux.

Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 36 : 737-745.

SCHNEIDER G., 1979 — Die Flechtengattung Psora sensu Zahlbruckner. Biblioth, Liche

nol. 13 : 1-291.

STAFLEU F.A. א‎ COWAN R.S., 1976 — Taxonomic Literature. 1 ; A-G, (Regnum veg

94). Ed. 2. Utrecht, Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema,

The lichen genus Physcia in North America. Вей. Nova Hedwigia

1979 — Deceased lichenologists : their abbreviations and herbaria. Liche

26.

Source : MNHN. Paris

175

FRULLANIA ANGULATA MITT. Е. SERRATOIDES

VANDEN BERGHEN F. NOV.

С. VANDEN BERGHEN *

ABSTRACT. — Description of a remarkable fotm of Frullania angulata with the habit of.

Г. serrata :stems 5-7 cm long, densely pennate-bipennate, the branches being often basically

arcuate.

Frullania angulata Mitt. est une hépatique répandue dans les territoires de

l'Afrique tropicale dont la végétation climacique est la forêt ombrophile semper-

virente de montagne (Afrique occidentale : Nigéria, Cameroun, Fernando-Po,

Saint-Thomas, Annobon; Afrique orientale : Zaïre oriental, Rwanda, Burundi.

Kenya, Tanzanie, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi; îles de l'Océan Indien :

Madagascar, la Réunion, Maurice). La plante, souvent abondante dans ses sta-

tions, est facilement identifiable sur le terrain par sa grande taille et son port

gracile, dû au fait que les tiges. longues de 8 à 20 cm, sont très láchement

ramifiées (VANDEN BERGHEN 1976).

Parmi les hépatiques récoltées par M.S. Lisowski dans le Zaire oriental, nous

avons eu la surprise de trouver une plante présentant les caractères de Frullania

angulata var. angulata (lobes foliaires à mucron étalé, amphigastres pourvus

d'oreillettes basilaires et à lobes apicaux souvent apiculés, lame ventrale de

l'hémiphylle lancéolée et entière, gynécie au sommet d'un court rameau n'inno-

vant pas, bractées et bractéole 9 subentières, périanthe lisse et trigone...) mais à

port semblable à celui de Frullania serrata Gott. : tiges principales dressées,

longues de 5-7 cm, assez régulièrement et densément bipennées; rameaux fré-

quemment arqués vers le bas, les ultimes étant parfois microphylles (fig. 1).

L'échantillon que nous avons examiné est copieux et a manifestement été

récolté en une station où la plante trouvait des conditions d'existence optimales :

les individus máles sont chargés d'andrécies et les pieds femelles portent un trés

grand nombre de périanthes. Nous décrivons cette forme remarquable sous le

nom de

f. serratoides Vanden Berghen f. nov.

Planta habitu Frullaniae serratae similis. Caules 5-7 cm longi, dense pennato-

bipennati, ramis plerumque basem versus arcuatis.

* Laboratoire de Palynologie et de Phytosociologie de l'Université catholique de Lou-

vain, place Croix-du-Sud, 4 - В 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgique).

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 175-176.

Source : MNHN, Paris

176 C. VANDEN BERGHEN

Fig. 1. — Frullania angulata Mitt. А : Silhouette d'une plante relevant de la f. angulata

(x 0,75). B : Silhouette de deux plantes relevant de la f. serratoides; la plante de gauche

est mâle; la plante de droite porte des périanthes (x 0,8). С : Fragment de tige en vue

ventrale (x 30). D : Amphigastre (x 30). E : Base d'un rameau avec l'hémiphylle

(x 30). Е : Jeunes bractées et bractéole $ (x 30). А : Benoist 263. В.Р :5, Lisowski

50 803.

Bosquet à Grevillea robusta, vers 1700 т d'altitude, environs de Міска,

Ituri, Haut-Zaire, République du Zaire, le 30 mars 1978, leg. S. Lisowski 50 803

(holotype : BR; isotypes : PC et herbiers E.W. Jones, М. Onraedt et T. Pécs).

Rappelons que la définition du sous-genre Meteoriopsis, distingué par SPRU-

CE (1884) dans le genre Frullania, était principalement basée sur le port gracile

des plantes qui relévent de ce taxon. Récemment, KAMIMURA (1961) et

HATTORI (1972) ont rétrogradé celui-ci au rang de section. Nous-méme (УАМ-

DEN BERGHEN 1976), n'avons pas reconmu cette unité systématique. Cette

opinion reçoit évidemment une justification supplémentaire par la découverte

d'une forme non gracile du principal représentant du sous-genre Meteoriopsis

en Afrique.

OUVRAGES CITÉS

HATTORI S., 1972 — Notes on the Asiatic species of the genus Frullania. J. Hattori Bot

Lab. 36 : 109-140,

KAMIMURA M., 1961 — А monograph of Japanese Frullaniaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 24 :

1-109.

SPRUCE R., 1884 — Hepaticae amazonicae et andinae. Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh

15 : 1-590.

VANDEN ВЕКСНЕМ C., 1976 — Frullaniaceae (Hepaticae) africanae. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl.

Belgique 46 (1-2) :1-220.

Source : MNHN. Paris

NOTE

177

VÉGÉTATION BRYOLOGIQUE DU CANAL DE BOURGOGNE

R. DHIEN *

Le Canal traverse en entier le département de la Cóte-d'Or. Depuis la dispari-

tion de la traction animale, les chemins de halage devenus déserts constituent

en de nombreux points des asiles favorables aux plantes. Aussi m'a-til paru

intéressant de recenser la flore bryologique qui s'est instituée sur l'ensemble

de cette voie d'eau en divers endroits de son parcours.

Les eaux et les berges, celles-ci arrosées à chaque passage des péniches par des

vagues plus ou moins abondantes :

Brachythecium rivulare B.S.G.

Bryum pseudo-triquetrum (Hedw.) Schwaegr.

Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske

Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv.

Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) Roth. (= С. glaucum

(Lam.) Jens.)

Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce

Dialytrichia mucronata (Brid.) Broth.

Fissidens fontanus (Pyl.) Steud. (— F. julianus (Cand.)

Schimp.)

Fontinalis antipyretica L. ex Hedw.

Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst.

Oxyrrhynchium praelongum (Hedw.) Warnst.

Pellia endivüfolia (Dicks.) Dum.

Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid.

Platyhypnidium riparioides (Hedw.) Brid. (= P. rusciforme

Fleisch.)

Les arbres, en général des peupliers :

Eurhynchium striatum (Hedw.) Schimp.

Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum.

Grimmia pulvinata var. africana (Hedw.) Hook. f. et Wils.

(= С. orbicularis Bruch in Wils.)

Isothecium myurum Brid. (= I. viviparum Lindb.)

* Lusigny, F-21360 Bligny-sur-Ouche.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 177-178.

cosmopolite

circumboréale

méditerranéenne

circumboréale

cosmopolite

atlantique

méditerranéenne

(rare)

circumboréale

subatlantique

circumboréale

eurasiatique

méditerranéenne

circumboréale

Source : MNHN. Paris

178 R. DHIEN

Leskea polycarpa Ehrh. ex Hedw.

Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwaegr.

Orthotrichum affine Schrad. ex Brid.

О. lyellii Hook. et Tayl.

Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff.

Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) Fleisch.

Radula complanata (L.) Dum.

Tortula laevipila (Brid.) Schwaegr.

T. latifolia Bruch ex Hartm.

Les pierres, murs :

Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) B.S.G.

Bryum capillare L, ex Hedw.

Camptothecium lutescens (Hedw.) B.S.G.

Cirriphyllum piliferum (Hedw.) Grout

Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt.

Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm.

Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) B.S.G.

Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw.

Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) B.S.G.

Tortula muralis Hedw.

circumboréale

cosmopolite

circumboréale

subatlantique

circumboréale

atlantique

circumboréale

cosmopolite

circumboréale

cosmopolite

circumboréale

cosmopolite

Les chemins de halage, environs sablonneux prés des écluses :

Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) B.S.G.

Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. et Tayl.

Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (= Catharinea

undulata (Hedw.) Web. et Mohr)

Barbula unguiculata Hedw.

Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) B.S.G.

Bryum argenteum Hedw.

Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.

Dicranum scoparium Hedw.

Fissidens taxifolius Hedw.

Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.

Hypnum cupressiforme L. ex Hedw.

Mnium undulatum Weiss ex Hedw.

Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst.

Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn.

circumboréale

cosmopolite

circumboréale

cosmopolite

circumboréale

cosmopolite

On ne rencontre toutefois ni Anthoceros, ni Marchantia polymorpha.

Source : MNHN. Paris

179

NOTE

CAMPY LOPODES EXSICCATAE : FASCICLE III

Jan-Peter FRAHM

ABSTRACT, The edition of Fascicle HI of the Campylopodes Exsiccatae is announced

with 25 specimens of 16 species from 8 countries,

In continuation of the edition of Cumpylopus specimens (Campylopodes

Brasiliae Exsiccatae : Frahm 1979. Campylopodes Exsiccatac | : Frahm 1981,

Campylopodes Exsiccatae 11 : Frahm 1982) a new set with again 25 specimens

have been compiled. These «Campylopodes Exsiccatae ІП» with nrs. 51-75

contain 16 different species from Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Sri Lanka,

England. France, Germany and Switzerland :

1. Campylopus edithae Broth., Peru

2. Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw., Brid., England

53. Campylopus areodictyon (C. Müll.) Mitt., Peru

4. Campylopus albidovirens Herz., Peru

5. Campylopus edithae Broth., Peru

6. Cumpylopus pilifer Brid., Peru

7. Campylopus chrismarii (С. Müll.) Mitt.. Peru

58. Campylopus hawaiico-flexuosus (C. Müll.) Par.. Hawaii

59. Cumpylopus albidovirens Herz.. Peru

60. Cumpylopus atrovirens De Not., England

61. Campylopus oerstedianus (С. Müll.) Mitt.

62. Campylopus atrovirens De Not., Switzerland

63. Campylopus pyriformis (Schulz) Brid., Germany

64. Campylopus introflexus (Недм.) Brid., England

65. Campylopus pyriformis (Schulz) Brid. mod. mulleri, Germany

66. Campylopus harpophyllus Herz., Peru

67. Campylopus pilifer Brid., France

witzerland

` Gesamthochschule Duisburg, Botanik 6, Lotharstr., 4100 Duisburg B.R. D.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 179-180.

Source : MNHN, Paris

180 J.P. FRAHM

68. Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid., Switzerland

69. Campylopus chrismarii (C. Müll.) Mitt., Peru

70. Campylopus pterotoneuron (C. Müll.) Jaeg., Sti Lanka

71. Campylopus umbellatus ( Arn.) Par., Sri Lanka

72. Campylopus aureus v.d.B & Lac., Sri Lanka

73. Campylopus exasperatus Brid., Papua New Guinea

74. Campylopus aureus v. d. B. & Lac., Papua New Guinea

75. Campylopus richardii Brid

Nine of these species (C. edithae, areodictyon, hawaiico-flexuosus, oerste-

dianus, harpophyllus, pterotoneuron, umbellatus, aureus and exasperatus have

not yet been distributed in fascicles | and 11 and help to provide a better know

ledge of this genus.

This series exists in 50 duplicates, which have been partly distributed to the

following herbaria : B. С, EGR, Р. FLAS. GOET. GRO, GZU, H, HBG, ККА.

М, MEXU, NAM, NFLD. МУ, PC, 5. U and UPS. Other duplicate sets are avai-

lable on request.

1 wish to thank J.L. De Sloover, J. Eggers, G. Schwab. Н. Sipman and Е.С

Wallace, who contributed material for this series. J. Poelt placed a duplicate

specimen of the late Н. Hôrmann to my disposal,

REFERENCES

FRAHM J.P. 1979 - Campylopodes Brasiliae Exsiccatae. Herzogia 5 :111 117

FRAHM J.P., 1981 — Campylopodes Exsiccatae 1. Nova Hedwigia 34 : 397-415.

FRAHM J.P., 1982 — Campylopodes E ssiccatae II. Bryologist 85 : 252.

Source : MNHN. Paris

181

INFORMATIONS ET NOTES

ASSOCIATION FRANCAISE DE LICHENOLOGIE

L'AFL a élu un nouveau bureau, composé de : J. ASTA (Présidente), M. BOTINEAU

(Vice-Président), J.C. BOISSIERE (Secrétaire), J.P. DANLOS (Trésorier), M. TURGIS

(Trésorière-adjoint). Le Bulletin d'Informations de mars 1983, contient : exposé

des travaux en cours des membres de l'AFL, compte-rendu de l'excursion en Espagne

(13/19 septembre 1982), informations bibliographiques, vie de l'association, 3

notes lichénologiques de J. Béguinot. (J.C. Boissière, Lab. Biol. Végét., Route de

la Tour Denécourt, 77300 Fontainebleau).

HERBIER Е, FREY (Berne, Suisse)

L'herbier de lichens de Berne, comprenant 40.000 spécimens est maintenant complé-

tement accessible. Les espêces alpines des genres Cladonia, Lecanora, Phyecia, Ste-

reocaulon, Unbilicaria et Usnea sont trés bien représentées. К. Ammann a mis au

point un programme informatique pour les étiquettes de l'herbier. (International

lichenological newsletter 1982, 15(2)).

ERICH HEINZ BENEDIX (13.8.1914 - 11.3.1988)

Der Name Benedix ist für Bryologen untrennbar mit ColoZefeunea verbunden. Seine

Dissertation "Indomalayische Cololejeuneen" (BENEDIX 1953) ist ein Klassiker. Spä-

ter erschienen von ihm auf bryologischem Gebiet nur noch 6 Abbildungen, die er auf

Bitten seines vormaligen akademischen Lehrers Theodor HERZOG von einigen Pruiiania-,

dubula~ und Lejeunea-Àrten anfertigte und für К. Miller's "Die Lebermoose Europas"

(1951-1958) beisteuerte.

Anstelle von Lebermoosen wurden Pilze das Feld seiner wissenschaftlichen Tatigkeit

in den letzten 30 Jahren. Dem Mykologen Benedix wird andernorts ein Nachruf gewidmet

sein. Eine biogeographische Skizze zu seinem 60. Geburtstag schrieb Moser 19/4.

Sein Herbar wird in JE aufbewahrt werden. ,

BENEDIX E.H., 1953 - Indomalayische Cololejeuneen. Feddes Repert., Beth. 134 :1-86,

31 Tafeln.

MOSER M., 1974 - Dr. Е.Н. Benedix zum 60. Geburtstag. 2090807. Pilzk. 40 : 236-238.

MULLER K., 1951-1958 - Die Lebermoose Europas. Dr. Г. Rabernhorst's Kryptogamen-Flo-

ra von Deutschland etc., 3. Aufl., 6 : 1-1365. Leipzig.

Riclef GROLLE, Kernbergstr. 59, DDR- 69 Jena.

Source : ММНМ. Paris

182

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

D. LAMY*

SYSTEMATIQUE, NOMENCLATURE

83-160 BUCK W.R. - A review of Chetlothela (Ditrichaceae). Brittonia 1981, 33 (3):

453-456, 7 fig., 1 tabl. (New York Bot. Gard., Bronx, NY 10458 USA).

Reconnaissance du genre monotypique Cherlotheia Lindb. (C. chloropus (Brid.)

Lindb.). Les taxons sud-américains et néozélandais sont syn. et placés sous Chzy-

soblastella ehilenais (Mont.) Reim. Cheilothela longtrostre Fleisch. est trans-

fêrê dans le genre Strombulidens gen. nov.

83-161 BUCK М.В. - A re-interpretation of the Fabroniaceae, III : Anacamptodon

and Fabronidium revisited, Momillartella, Helicodontiadelphue and Bryobartlet-

tia gen. nov. Brittonia 1981, 33 (3) : 473-481, 1 tabl., 18 fig. (Ibidem).

Observation au SEM de l'exostome bi strate d'Anacanptodon. Fabro

Теге dans les Leskeaceae, prés de Sehetechkea, avec une seule esp,

iienais (C. MUTT.) c.n

Descr., ill. de Mami

um est trans-

: Е. guatema-

Sehwetschkea g.; Р. bernoullianun С. syn. nov.).

gen. et sp. nov. de Nouvelle-Zélande (fam. Leskeaceae), proche de Juctaukie

Résumé des changements génériques dans les Fabroniaceae.

-162 BUCK W.R. - The taxonomy of Ertodon and notes on other South American ge-

nera of Brachytheciaceae with erect capsules. Brittonia 1981, 33(4) : 556-563,

36 fig. (Ibidem).

Eriodos Mont. ne comprend que 2 esp. : E. conostome Mont. et К. cylindritheca

(Dix.) Dix. et Sainsb. (Е. гааёаагёз Spruce ex Jaeg. et E, longipes Williams sont

transférés sous Entodontopsis et Porotrichodendroni E. brevwisetis Bartr. est syn.

de £ iebilis (Mitt.) Jaeg.). Descr. de Mandontelia Herz., Lepyrodoniopeis

Broth, (incl. dans les Lepyrodontopsidaceae fam. nov.). et Stenscarpidiopsis

Fleisch. ex Broth. Comb. пошу. : Нолес andrieuxit f. chryeea (Besch.)

che), В, a. Var. bourgaeana (Besch.) (=R. b.), Seiuroleskea rosecrum (Williams)

(=R. ».), Juratakaea argentiniea (Тйёг.) (=I. seminervis var. a.). Clé aux genres

Sudaméricains des Brachytheciaceae à capsules érigées.

DEGUCHI Н. - On the genus Xurohimehypuum Sak. and Rhynchostegiwn ctenidi-

dea Card. (Musci, Bryophyta). 7. Jap. Bot. 1981, 56 (8) : 262-268, 2 fig.

(Dept. Bot., Fac. Sci., Kochi Univ., Kochi 780 Japan).

Kurohimehypniun Зак. et Campyiiadelpkus (Kindb.) Kanda sont syn. de Geen Zén

(Sull.) Mitt. X. etemidioides Зак, et C. chrysophyllue (Brid.) Sak. sont syn.

de Campyiium chrysophyllun (Brid.) J. Lange; Rhymchoetegium ctemidioides Card.,

syn. de Prachythecium brotheri Par.

"Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris.

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol., 1983, 4, 2 : 182-204.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 183

82-164 HORTON D.G. - Lectotypification of Encatypéa affinis (Musci) : maintenan-

ce of continuity between epithet and taxonomic concept. Рагой 1981; 30 : 800,

808, 2 fig. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta 766 2E9 Canada).

B. affinis est lectotypifié dans l'herb. de Schleicher, de facon à maintenir

la continuité entre le concept taxonomique et l'épithéte,

83-165 ISOVIITA P. - reotheoium аїор dea, comb. nova and I. myosuroides

(Musci) ` nomenclatural remarks. Ann. Bot. Ferm. 1981, 18(3) : 201-205 (Bot.

Hus., Univ. Helsinki, SF-00170 Helsinki 17).

Zecthectum myurum Brid., illégitime,est remplacé par г. alópecuročdes (Lam. ex

Dubois) c.n. (= Hypnum a.). Notes à propos de F.N.A. 008015 "Méthode éprouvée `.

1803". Lectotypes pour й. alopecuroides, son synonyme H. myosuroides Schreb. ex

Hedw. et Б. twmidiusculum Lam. ex DC. I. myosuroides Brid. est le nom correct

pour 1. eumyosuroïdee Dix. des auteurs américains alopecuroides Hook, est un

homonyme postérieur, identique 3 Pinnatelia alopecurcides (Mitt.) Fleisch.

88-166 ISOVIITA P. and KOPONEN T. - Typification of Drepanmocladus sendtmeri

(Musci, Amblystegiaceae). Arn. Zot. Renn. 1981, 18)3( : 207-211 (Ibidem).

Hypnum sendtneré Schimp, ех Н. MUI]. est basé sur du matériel appartenant à

Limpriohtia intermedia (Lindb.) Loeske. De facon à conserver l'usage tradition-

nel de Drepanocladus sendtneri (Schimp. ex Н. MUI.) Warnst., une typification

indirecte est proposée. Lectotype pour й, г. var. vileoni? Schimp. Synonymie.

83-167 KUWAHARA Y. - Studies of Peruvian collections of the genus Metageria made

by P. & E. Hegewald in 1973 and 1977. Nova Hedeigta 1981, 34(3/4) : 769-815,

1 tabl., 11 pl. (Fusetsu Secondary School, Kurume Univ., Kurume, Fukuoka 836

Japan):

et ill., distr. de 20 esp. de Metageria du Pérou. 4 esp. пошу. :

ty M. tropica, M. parviinvoluerata et M. undulata. 11 esp. sont nouv.

pour le Pérou. Noter aussi М. sect. Serpentina sect. nov. (esp. type : M. sde:

Zata). Prépondérance des esp. du sous-genre Zéfoma. Observation de l'excrois-

sance de l'involucre ? chez 5 esp. Corrélations phytogéographiques .

83-188 МАТТЕВІ C.M. = "?rematodon geniculatus" sp. nov. (Dicranaceae, Musci) de

la region fueguina. Rev. Mus. Argent. Ci, Nat. "Bernardino Rivada " Bot,

1980, 5(15) : 261-266, 1 fig. (Mus. Argent. Ci. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia",

Buenos -Aires, Argentina).

Diagn., descr., 111. de 7

pour la re de Feu,

"odp зр. nov. Noter Trematodon genre nouveau

88- OCHI Н. - А revision of the Neotropical Bryoideae, Musci (Second Part).

J. Раз. Edue, Tottori Univ., Маё. Sot. 1981, 30 + 21-55, 8 cartes, fig. 51-56

(Biol. Inst., Fac. Educ., Tottori Univ., Koyoma-cho, Tottori 680 Japan).

Traitement taxonomique de Втушт subgen, Phodobryum (taxonom., spécimens exami-

nes, notes morphol. et/ou distr.).Taxons exclus des Bryoideae des Neotropiques.

Phytogéographie (modes de distr., divisions phytogéogr.). Particularités des

mousses bryacées néotropicales. Taxons non étudiés. Index des deux parties. Noter

Srachymentum sect. Rostrata sect. nov. (esp. type : B. jamesonii Tayl.) et Brywn

subverticttiatun (Broth.) c.n. au lieu de 2. spimi-dentieulatum nom. nov. (19

partie analysée (82-10) dans Cryptogamte, Вгуо1. Lichénol. 1982, 3(1) :80).

88-170 PIERROT В.В. - Amblystegium arvemense Th. Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest

п.5. "1980" 1981, 11 : 86 (Les Andryales, F-17550 Dolus d'Oléron).

Amblystegium arvernense Thér, serait une esp. à supprimer. La descr. de Thériot

aurait été basée sur un Brachythectum рорифемт (Hedw.) 8.5.6. stér., mêlé à un

Homomaliium incurvatwm (Brid.) Loeske fertile.

Source : MNHN, Paris

184 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

83-171 SCHIAVONE М.М. - El género Fisstdens (Fissidentaceae, Musci) en el Noroes-

te Argentino. I. Secciones Pachylomidiwm, Heterocaulon y Ambiyothatlia. Lilloa

1981, 35 : 47-66, 7 fig. (Fundacfon Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 San

Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina).

Clés aux sections. Descr., distr., hab., notes et ill. pour 6 esp. de Fissidens.

Diagn. de P. minimus et Р. patentéfolia esp. nouv. du NW de l'Argentine.

83-172 SOLARI S.S. - Miscellanea briologica (Hepaticae) IV. Novedades en "Lejeu-

neaceae". Comunic. Mus. Argent. Сї. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia" Bot. 1981, 2

(11) : 67-75, 3 fig. (Div. Criptog., Mus. Argent. Ci. Nat. "Bernardino Rivada-

via", Buenos-Aires, Argentina).

Diagn., descr., 111. de Harpalejeunea hasselit, Cheilolejewnea australis et C.

papillata sp. nov. du Chili.

83-173 VOLK 0.H. - Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Lebermoose (Hepaticae) aus Südwest-

afrika (Namibia). Il. Mitt. Bot, Staatssamml. München 1981, 17 : 245-252, 2

fig. (Inst. Syst. Bot., Univ. München, D-8000 München 19).

Diagn., descr., ill. , écol., distr. de Riccia albovestita sp. nov., affine de

m. albomarginata Bisch. Comparaison avec les autres Riccia,

83-174 WILCZEK В. et DEMARET F. - Deux fausses synonymies dans le genre Bryum.

Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belgique 1981, 51(3/4) : 435-444, 3 fig. (дага. Bot.

Natl. Belgique, Domaine de Bouchot, B-1860 Meise).

Bryum brotherianun Demaret 1949 (B. usanbaricwn Broth. 1913) n'est pas syn. de

B. coronatum Schwaegr.; B. usambaricum Broth. 1894 est syn. de В. coronatum; B.

cenewn Blytt ex 8.5.6. n'est pas syn. de B. rutilans Brid.

VOIR AUSSI : 45-180, 83-181, 83-184, 83-249, 83-262.

MORPHOLOGIE, ANATOMIE

93-175 DE SLOOVER J.L. = Le genre Seligeria (Musci) en Belgique. Butt.

Natl, Belgique 1981, 51(3/4) : 379-395, 126 fig. (Fac. Univ. Namur,

8-5000 Namur) .

Le genre Seligeria est représenté par 7 esp. en Belgique; clé, descr., distr.

et ill. S. acutifolia Lindb., 8. calearea (Hedw.) В.5.6.,5. doniana (Sm.) C.

Müll. et 2. paucifoiía (Dicks.) Carruth. sont пошу. pour la Belgique.

83-176 NISHIDA Y. and IWATSUKI Z. - Studies on the sporelings of Japanese mosses

(4). Sporelings of four pendulous species of Meteoriaceae. Proc. Bryol, Soe.

Japan 1981, 3(2) : 15-17, 2 fig., en japonais, rés. angl. (Matsue Agric. High

School, 51, Nogi-Fukutomi-cho, Matsue, Shimane-pref. 690 Japan).

La germination des esp. étudiées est du type Macrom triun.

83-177 OISHI T. - How to grow mosses (3). Pros. Bryol. Soc. Japan 1981, 3(2) :

24-25, en japonais.

83-178 PIIPPO S. - Ulota (Orthotrichaceae, Musci) suomessa. Mem. Soe. Fauna Fi

Fenn. 1981, 57(3) : 91-99, 30 fig., 5 cartes, en finnois (Bot. Mus., Univ. Hel-

sinki, SF-00170 Helsinki 17).

Descr., distr., 111. des 5 lota présents en Finlande. Clé.

83-179 SHAW A.J. - Ecological diversification among nine species of Pohtia

(Musci) in Western North America. Canad. J. Bot. 1981, 59(12) : 2359-2378, 3

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 185

tabl., 19 fig. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada 166 259).

9 esp. nord-américaines de 200150 sect. Pohliella forment un complexe d'esp.

morphologiquement et écologiquement,Semblab]es. La teneur en matières organiques,

le pH, la concentration en ions Ca * et Mg, permettent de les distinguer. Etu-

de du rapport répartition/variabilité de l'esp. Relations entre caractéres mor-

phologiques plus ou moins évolués et pH.

83-180 TIXIER Р. - Diplastolejewiea insignia P. Tx. à Angavokely (Tananarive, Ma-

dagascar). Endémisme et spéciation. Nova Hedvigia 1981, 34(3/4 ) : 743-767, 10

fig. (Lab. Cryptogamie, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris).

Variation morphologique de Diplaeiolejeumea insignis, endémique du massif fo-

restier d'Angavokely.

83-181 VANA J. - Notes on some african Hepatic genera. Folia Geobot. Phytotax.

1982, 17(1) : 63-87, 7 fig. (Dept. Cryptog. Bot., Charles Univ., 128 01 Praha

2, Czechoslovakia).

Descr., taxonomie, distr. en Afrique de 1 Isothachía Mitt., 4 Anastrophulium

(Spruce) Mitt., 2 Trééomaréa Schiffn. ex Loeske, Cymmoealeopeie multifiova

(Steph.) Schust. (nouv. pour l'Afrique), 5 Горлолѓа (Dum.) Dum. (2. argentina

(Steph.) Schuet. et 2. decolorans (Limpr.) Steph. sont nouv. pour l'Afrique). No-

ter syn. nov. et 8 Lophoata à exclure de la flore africaine.

VOIR AUSSI : 83

83-

80, 83-161, 85-162, 83-167, 83-168, 85-171, 83-172, 83-173,

204, 83-208, 83-212, 82-214, 83-218, 88-026, 85-229, 83-245.

CYTOLOGIE

83-182 FRITSCH В. - Index to plant chromosome numbers - Bryophytes. Hegmum vege-

tabile 1982, 108 : i-xiv, 1-268 (Zentralinst. Genetik В Kulturpflanzenforsch.,

Akad. Wissenschaften der DDR, DDR-4325 Gatersleben).

Cet index (en ordre alphabétique d'espéces) comporte pour chaque taxon la syno-

nymie, le nombre de populations examinées, le nombre chromosom. haploTde avec in-

dication si compté en mitose ou en méiose, le caryotype, l'auteur et le pays

d'observation. Bibliogr. 11 est dommage que la présentation d'un tel ouvrage de

référence laisse un peu à désirer.

PHYSIOLOGIE, CHIMIE

83-185 ARD E.M. - Polypeptide patterns of the thylakoid membranes о? bryophytes.

РІ. Sei. Lettere 1982, 24(2) : 335-345, 4 fig. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Turku, SF-

20500 Turku 50).

Etude des polypeptides des thylakoTdes membranaires de Ceratodon purpureus,

Pleurosium schreberi, Marchantia polymorpha. Homogenéité des résultats entre les

bryophytes; mise en évidence de différences avec Tetragonia expansa.

83-184 АЗАКАМА Y., TOYOTA M., ТАКЕМОТО T. and MUES В. - Aromatic esters and ter-

penoids of the liverworts in the genera Trichosolea, Neotrichocolea and Treho-

000000858. Phytochemistry 1981, 20(12) : 2695-2699, 1 tabl. (Inst. Pharmacogno-

зу, Tokushima Bunri Univ., Yamashiro-cho, 770 Tokushima, Japan).

Les isoprenyl-benzoates sont de bons marqueurs chimiques pour déterminer Tricko-

colea tomentella., Neotrichocolea bissethit élabore surtout des sesquiterpénes.

Les diterpenes de type sacculatane, et les sesquiterpênes de type pinguisane sont

des marqueurs significatifs de Trcchocolegpeis 800000008. Affinités avec les Po-

relia. Quelques esp. de Jungermanniales ont des affinités chimiques avec les

Metzgeriales. Importance taxonomique

Source : ММНМ. Paris

186 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

82-185 BHATLA S.C. - Involvement of pH in gametangial formation in the moss Bryum

argenteum Hedw. Curr, Set. 1981, 50(21) : 960-961, 1 tabl., 1 fig. (Dept. Bot.,

Univ. Delhi, Delhi 110007 India)

188 BHATLA S.C. and CHOPRA R.N. - Hormona] regulation of gametangial formation

11 the moss Brywm argenteum Hedw. J. Exp. Bot. 1981, 32 (131) : 1243-1256, 9

fig., 2 tabl. (Ibidem).

Inf]uence des phytohormones (auxines, cytokinines, gibbérellines et acide absci-

cique) sur Та formation de gamétanges dans des clones ₪" et ў de Brywn argenteum.

187 CHOPRA R.N, and BHATLA S.C. - Effect of physical factors on gametangial

induction, fertilization and sporophyte development in the moss Bryum argenteum

grown in vitro. Wew Phytol. 1981, 89(4) : 439-447, 1 tabl., 5 fig. (Dept. Bot.,

Univ. Delhi, Delhi 110007 India).

Influence de la température, de la luminosité, de la photopériode sur la for-

mation de gamétanges, sur la fertilisation et sur le développement du sporophyte

de Bryum argentewn.

82-188 CHOPRA R.N, and BHATLA S.C. - Involvement of cyclic 3',5' adenosine mono-

phosphate and other purine derivatives in sex induction in the moss Brym ar-

genteun. 2. Pflanaenphy, 1981, 103(5) : 393-402, 5 fig. (Ibidem).

L'AMP cyclique augmente le pourcentage de gamétophores et provoque une induc-

tion sexuelle chez Zeen argenteum. L'adénosine et l'ADP ont une faible influen-

ce, l'adénine et l'ATP, aucune. Les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus avec le 3'

AMP. Noter que les inhibiteurs phosphodiestérase augmentent la réponse d'induc-

tion sexuelle.

189 CONNOLLY J.D., PHILLIPS М.В. and HUNECK S. ~ (+)-ent-epicubenol from the

iverwort Заарсийа undulata. Phytochemistry 1982, 21(1) : 233-234 (Dept. Che-

mistry, Univ, Glasgow, Glasgow 612 800, U.K.).

Présence de (4)-ent-épicubénol (alcool sesquiterpénique) chez S. undulata.

85-190 EKMAN В. and KARUNEN P. - Esterified long-chain hydroxy acids in green and

scenescent parts of the peat moss Sphagnum fuscum. Phytochemistry 1982, 211):

121-123, 1 tabl. (Inst. Wood Chem. 8 Pulp & Paper Technol., Abo Akademi, SF-

20500 Turku 50).

La présence de ces esters polymérisés chez 5. fuscum augmenterait la résistan-

ce de ses parois cellulaires.

85-191 FELLE H. - Stereospecificity and electrogenicity of amino acid transport

іп Вівега fluitans. Planta 1981, 152(6) : 505-512, 11 fig., г tabl. (Abt. Bio-

phys. Pfl., Inst. Biol. 1, Universität, D-7400 Tübingen).

Un transporteur stéréospécifique neutre d'aminoacides existe dans le plasma-

lemme de сега fluitans. Ce transporteur se lie au groupe amine formant soit un

complexe binaire d'amines chargées positivement, soit un complexe neutre de y-AB

ou de dipeptides. Le transport électrogénique d'aminoacides а et 8 se fait par

un transporteur complexe ternaire, probablement chargé d'un proton.

192 FOLKESON L. - Heavy-metal accumulation in the moss Pleuroatwn schreberi in

the surroundings of two peat-fired power plants in Finland. Ann. Bot. Fenn.

1981, 18(3) : 245-253, 4 fig., 4 tabl. (Dept. Pl. Ecol., Univ. Lund, 5-223 бі

Lund).

Les teneurs en Ca, Fe, Cr sont trés élevées, celles en Pb, Ni, V beaucoup moins,

il n'y a que des traces de Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd. Différences entre les deux usines Ni-

inisala et Simpele; seule la premiére possède un système de purification.

Source - MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 187

193 HEARNSHAW G.F. and PROCTOR M.C.F. - The effect of temperature on the sur-

vival of dry bryophytes. New Phytol. 1982, 90(2) : 221-228, 4 fig., 1 tabl.

(Bath College of Higher Educ., Newton Park, Bath ВА? ЭВМ, U.K.).

La perte de viabilite de 7 esp. de bryophytes, gardées sèches à des températu-

res variant de 20° à 100°C, est évaluée selon le contenu en chlorophylle aprés

une période de réhumidification. Comparaison avec les semences séches.

83-194 HUNECK S., CONNOLLY J.D., RYCROFT D.S. and MATSUO А. - (-)-ent-128-acet-

oxylongipin-2(10)-en-3-one, an ent-longipinane derivative from the liverwort

Матвире Ла aquatica. Phytochemistry 1982, 21(1) : 143-145, 1 tabl. (Inst. РІ.

Biochem., Res. Centre Molecul. Biol. & Med., GDR Acad. Sci., 008-401 Halle/Saa-

le, Weinberg GDR) .

83-195 KARUNEN P. and EKMAN В. - Senescence related changes in the composition of

free and esterified sterols and alcohols in Sphagnum fuscum. 2. Pflantemphysiol.

1981, 103(4) : 319-330, 4 fig., 3 tabl. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Turku, 57-20500 Tur-

ku 50).

Le contenu et la composition en stérols, alcools triterpénoïdes, alcools n-ali-

phatiques et hydrocarbones sont étudiés dans les parties vertes et viet] lissantes

de Sphagnum fuse.

186 PORTER L.J. - Geographic races of Conséephalum (Marchantiales) as defined

by flavonoid chemistry. Taxon 1981, 30 : 739-748, 2 fig., 2 tabl. (Chem, Div.,

0518, Petone, New Zealand)

Définition des races géogr. de Conocephalum conicum par l'étude des glycosides

flavonoTdes. C. eupradeconpositwn, esp. sino-japonaise,est clairement distincte

de C. c.

33-197 RUDOLPH H., KRAUSE H.J., BLAICHER M. and HERMS Е, - Investigations of the

Shikimic acid metabolism in Sphagnum magellanicwn during synthesis of sphagno-

rubin induced by chilling. Biochem. Physiol. Pfi, 1981, 176(8) : 728-736, 4

fig. (Bot. Inst. Univ. Kiel, Biol. Zentr., D-2300 Kiel).

L'application d'ac. shikimique provoque la formation de sphagnorubine chez 5.

magellanicum, surtout quand un changement métabolique est déclenché par le froid.

83-198 SCHONBECK М.Н. and BEWLEY J.D. - Responses of the moss Tortula rumiis

to desiccation treatments. I. Effects of minimum water content and rates of

dehydration and rehydration. Canad. J. Bot. 1981, 59(12) : 2698-2706, 5 tabl.,

7 fig. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Calgary, Calgary, Alta. Canada TN 184).

Détail des expériences de dessiccation lente ou rapide. La résistance de Tor-

tula à la sécheresse est plus élevée que celle de plusieurs autres bryophytes,

algues, graines et angiospermes du désert.

83-199 SCHONBECK М.М. and BEWLEY J.D, - Responses of the moss Tortula rurali:

to desiccation treatments. 11. Variations in desiccation tolerance. Canad.

Bot. 1981, 59(12) : 2707-2712 6 fig., 3 tabl. (Ibidem).

Des périodes quotidiennes d'asséchement et de réhydratation provoquent l'endur-

cissement. Dans le cas ou 1а mousse est trop longuement hydratée, sa tolérance а

Та dessiccation diminue.

- Chirality of terpenoids

detry 1982, 21(2) :

Yamashiro-cho,

isolated from the liverwort Conaeephalum conî aun. Eh

349-352, 1 tabl. (Inst. Pharmacognosy, Tokushima-Bunri Univ

770 Tokushima Japan).

Présence et chiralité de (+)-bornyl férulate et Боглу! 2-méthoxy-4-hydroxycin-

namate avec (-)-limonéne, (-)- binène, (+)-bicycloëélémène, (+) -2-ё1ётёпе

Source : MNHN, Paris

188 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

(-)-bicyclogermacréne, lunularine et les composés 1-octen-3-01 et l-octen-3-yl

acétates, responsables de l'odeur de champignon des thalles broyés de C. c.

83-201 VEROUSTRAETE F., FREDERICQ H., VAN WIEMEERSCH L. and DE GREEF J. - Speci-

fic photoregulation by phytochrome of epinasty and light-induced ethylene pro-

duction in Marchantia polymorpha. Photochem. 4 Photobiol, 1982, 35(2) : 261-

264, 1 tabl., 4 fig. (Lab. Pl. Physiol., R.U.G., Ledeganckstr. 35, B-9000 Gent).

VOIR AUSSI : 83-246, 88-258.

REPARTITION ,ECOLOGIE, SOCIOLOGIE

83-208 ASENSI А. y GUERRA J. - Sobre la posición bioclimática у sintaxonómica de

Abies pinaapo. Doc, Phytosoctol. (Lille), п.5. 1980, 5 : 455-465, 2 fig., 1 car-

te (Depto. Bot., Fac. Ci., Univ. Málaga, Málaga, España).

Etude comparative des communautés d'Abies pinsapo dans le sud de Та Péninsule

ibérique. Comparaison avec les communautés bryophytiques. Position syntaxonomique

et bioclimatique de ces formations.

83-208 BLOCKEEL T.L. - Andreaea in the Sheffield District. Naturalist (leeds)

1981, 106(959) : 159.

83-204 BUCK М.В. and PURSELL R.A idens brachypus : а moss restricted to а

fresh-water Amazonian sponge. Amazonia 1980, 7(1) : 81-85, 12 fig. (New York

Bot. Gard., Bronx, NY 10458 USA).

деп brachypus Mitt., nouv. pour le Brésil, se déve-

ticulata, éponge d'eau douce. Comparaison avec

11.) Mitt. et F. aubstisactheca Broth.

Descr., i11., écol. de Fie

loppant uniquement sur Metani

P. stiesotheco (Hampe ех C.

83-205 CASAS SICART C. - The mosses of Spain. An annotated check-list. Treb, Inet.

Bot. Barcelona 1981, 7 : 1-57 (Dept. Bot., Univ. Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain).

Liste alphabétique des taxons avec renvois à des notes concernant la distr.,

l'écol. ou la morphologie. Synopsis.

83-206 CLEMENT B. et TOUFFET J. - Vegetation dynamics in Brittany heathlands af-

ter fire. Vegetatío 1981, 46 + 157-166, 1 tabl., 6 fig. (Lab. Ecol. Végét., U-

niv. Rennes, Complexe Sci. Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex).

Successions secondaires aprés l'incendie des terres à bruyéres еп 1976. Fré-

quences des esp., leur croissance, les changements de végétation. Bryophytes ci-

tés.

83-207 DEGUCHI Н. - Noteworthy mosses from the Shikoku district of Japan (2).

Mem. Fac. Set. Kochi Univ. Ber, D (Biol.) 1981, 2 : 1-9: 3 fig. (Dept. Biol.,

Fac. Sci., Kochi Univ.,Kochi 780 Japan).

14 esp. avec loc. et notes. 10 esp. sont nouv. pour le district de Shikoku. No-

ter que les spécimens précédemment récoltés dans cette région sous le nom de Pia-

giothectun neckeroideum BSG appartiennent en fait à P. europhyl tum.

83-208 DEGUCHI Н. = Mosses of Mts Hakkôda, Northern Japan. #207. Rev. 1981, 19

(4) : 187-035, 7 fig., (Ibidem).

Descr. de la région des Mts Hakkóda. Liste des esp. avec loc. Notes morphol.

pour certains taxons.

83-209 DEGUCHI H. and OSAKABE T. - Mosses in a collapsed lava tube on Mt Fuji.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 189

Proc. Bmjol. бог. дарап 1981, 3(2) : 21-24, en japonais, rés. angl. (Ibidem).

Noter la présence de Cynodontium gracilescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothe-

cium neckerotdeun et Rhizomniun mudun. Brycerythrophullum recurvirostre Var. ro-

bustum a été trouvé sur sols calcaires appartenant au Miocéne.

83-210 DE ZUTTERE Ph. et SOTIAUX A. - Aperçu de la flore bryologique de quelques

régions peu connues du Hainaut belge. IV. Les vallées de la Samme et de la Sen-

nette, entre Feluy-Arquennes et les Ecaussines. Natura Мозала 1981, 34(3) :

139-149, 1 fig., 1 tabl. (16 rue du Bois, B-1430 Wauthier-Braine).

Géol., végétation de la région étudiée. Liste des 198 taxons de bryophytes avec

stations et quelques notes.

83-211 DOLL В. - Die Moosvegetation des Sonnenbergs und der Ruhner Berge im Kreis

Parchim. Giediésehta 1981, 8 : 231-288, 43 tabl. (2020 Altentreptow, R-Breit-

scheid.Str. 25, DDR).

Etude de la bryoflore (66 hépatiques, 9 sphaignes et 213 mousses) de la région

de Sonnenberg et de celle des Ruhner Berge (Mecklenburg). Sociologie. Descr. de

40 ass. muscinales.

85-212 DULL В. - Zur Verbreitung und Ökologie von Metageria fruticulosa (Dicks.)

Evans und M. temperata Kuwah. in Mitteleuropa. Hersogia 1981, 5 : 535-546, 2

fig. (AG. Bryol., Univ. Duisburg, FB 6, Biol. (Bot.), D-4100 Duisburg).

Distr. de Metageria fruticulosa et de M. temperata en Europe Centrale. D

rences morphol. et écol. entre les deux esp.

43-213 FAGERSTEN В. - 11518 itäisen Järvi-Suomen Sammalkasvistoon. Mem. Soc. Fau-

na Pl. Fenn. 1981, 57)3( : 109-112, en finnois (Dept. Nat. Hist., Kuopio We

SF-70100 Kuopio 10).

Nouv. loc, en Finlande pour une quinzaine de mousses.

83-214 FAGERSTEN В. - Octodiceras fontanwmin (Musci, Fissidendataceae) esiintymi-

sestä ja kasvullisesta lisääntymisestä Itü-Fennoskandiassa. Mem. Soc. Fauna

Pl. Fenn. 1981, 57(3) : 113-118, 4 fig., еп finnois (Ibidem).

Distr. d'Octodiceres fontanum еп Fennoscandie. Notes sur la dispersion par voie

végétative, le développement des propagules et la topographie des rhizoTdes.

83-215 FAGERSTÉN R. - Idänlehväsammlen, Plagionntwn drummondiin (Musci, Mniaceae)

levinneisyye ja kasvupaokkaekologia Itü-Fennoskandiassa. Mem. Soc. Рампа Fl.

Penn. 1981, 57(3) : 119-126, 3 fig., 1 carte, 1 tabl., en finnois (Ibidem).

Ecol., distr. de Plagiomniws drumondit en Fennoscandie E.

83-218 GLOAGUEN J.C. and GAUTIER N. = Pattern development of the vegetation du-

ring colonization of a burnt heathland in Brictany (France). Vegetatio 1981,

46 : 167-176, 2 tabl., 5 fig. (Lab. Ecol. Végét., Univ. Rennes, Complexe Sci.

Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex).

Ceratodon purpureus et. Polytrichum piliferum ont des densités complémentaires

la 1° année; 115 occupent tout l'espace la 2° année, régressent la 3° année.

juniperinum, P. formosum, Agrostis setacea et sr s'établissent réguli&-

rement mais lentement.

83-217 GUERRA J. y GIL J.A. - Aportaciones a la flora briofitica de Andalucia. 1.

Trab. Monogr. Dept. Bot. Malaga 1981, 2 : 13-26, 1 fig., 4 cartes (Depto. Bot.,

Fac. Ci., Univ. Málaga, Malaga, Espana).

Distr., écol., chorologie de bryophytes rares ou peu connus d'Andalousie.

Source ` MNHN. Paris

190 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

83-218 GUERRA J., GIL J.A. y VARO J. - Dos briofitos nuevos para Europa continen-

tal. Bol. Soc. Brot. "1980-1981" 1980, 54 : 173-179, 2 fig., 1 carte (Ibidem).

Descr., ill., écol. et distr. de Neckera intermedia var. 1000070196 (Schiffn.)

E Es Card. et гри? апта teneriffae (Р. Web) Nees, nouv. pour l'Europe conti-

nentale.

83-219 GUERRA J. y VARO J. ~ Datos sobre la clase Tortulo-Homatothecietea sert.

en las Sierras Beticas (Andalucia, Espana). Phytocsenologia 1981, 9(4) : 443-

463, 6 tabl., 2 fig. (Ibidem).

Descr., syntaxonomie des communautés bryophytiques basophiles épilithiques, ap-

partenant à la classe Tortulo-Homalothectetea 8620004 dans le sud de Та Péninsule

ibérique. Elles se répartissent dans les ordres Schéetidietaléa apocarp? (noter

Orthotricho-Grimmietum subass. scorpiurietoswn subass. nov.), Weckereta:

natae (noter Plasteurhynchion meridionalis all. nov. et Pierogon ;

tusatae ass. nov.) et Céenidietalia mollusoi.

38-220 HEBRARD J.P. - Contribution à l'étude de la végétation bryophytique des

forêts de Quercus ilex, de Quercus suber et des maquis bas à Rosmarinus offici

nalis dans le Cap Corse. Dejeunta n.s. 1981, 106 : 1-20, 6 tabl. (Lab. Bot. 8

Ecol. Médit., Fac. Sci. Techn. St Jéróme, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 4).

Ressemblances notoires, au niveau de la composition floristique, de ces forma-

tions bryophytiques de quelques forêts de chênes sclérophylles et de maquis bas,

avec celles des ensembles de méme type étudiés dans d'autres régions de la Corse.

Mise en évidence de 2 groupes principaux d'indicateurs écologiques.

88-221 HEBRARD J.P. - Contribution à l'étude de la végétation muscinale de quel-

ques formations du maquis corse : les pelouses sèches ou humides sur silice.

Bull. Soe. Linn. Provence "1979-1980" 1981, 32 : 15-45, 6 tabl. (Ibidem).

Détermination de 2 ensembles et de leur évolution : pelouses sèches avec Aspho-

detus aestivus, Poa bulbosa, Brachypodium retusum et Trifolium subterraneum, et

pelouses temporairement inondées à Isoètes et Romulea, Liste des mousses et hépa-

tiques rencontrées .

82-222 HOUMEAU J.M. - Liste des bryophytes et des lichens observés par J.M. Hou-

meau au cours de l'excursion du 27 mai 1979 au bois domanial de la Boucherie

(Deux-Sèvres). Bull, Soe. Bot. Centre-Ouest n:s. "1980" 1981, 11 : 122 (8.13

rue du Cdt Charcot, F-79200 Parthenay).

83-223 HOUMEAU J.M. et ROGEON M.A. - Compte-rendu des récoltes de bryophytes

observées le 30 mars 1980 dans le secteur de la voie romaine а Saint-Auvent

(Haute-Vienne). Bull. бос. Bot. Centre-Ouest n.s. 1981, 12 : 96 (Ibidem).

33-284 INOUE Н. and STEERE М.С. = A contribution to the hepaticology of Iceland.

Bull, Natl. Set, Mus. Sev. B 1981, 7(3) : 75-89, 2 fig. (Dept. Bot., Natl. Sci.

Mus., Tokyo, Japan).

Liste de 54 esp., récoltées en 1964 par H. Inoue en Islande, avec loc. et esp.

compagnes .

83-225 KAISER.B. - Das Lebermoos Cololejewiea rossettiana (Mass.) Schiffn. in

Bayern. Ber, Sayer. Bot. Gea. 1981, 52 : 31-33, 2 fig. (Gartenstr. 15, 0-

8564 Velden).

Distr. de Calotejeunea rossettiana en Bavière; comparaison avec С. га

82-826 LECOINTE А. - Riceia croz: Levier, R nigretia DC, 0

»oosebtiana (Massal.) Schiffn. et Plasteurhynchiun atriatulum (Spruce

espèces nouvelles pour le district de Basse-Normandie armoricaine. Вы

Fleisch-

Source - MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 191

Linn. Normandie 1981, 108 : 43-50, 1 tabl., 1 carte (Lab. Phytogéogr., UER Sci.

Terre à Aménagt. rég., Univ. Caen, F-14032 Caen Cedex).

Ecol., distr. de Ricta erozalsit, В. nigrella, Cololejewnea rossettiana et

Plasteurhynchiun atriatulwn,nouy. pour la Basse-Normandie armoricaine. Я, erosal-

sitetP. etriatulum sont пошу. pour le massif armoricain, Phytosociologie des 2

localités (Carteret et Asse-le-Boisne) où ont été trouvées ces espèces.

85-827 LECOINTE A. - Intérêts phytogéographiques de la bryoflore normande : 2 =

Le cortège atlantique s.l. Bull. бос. Linn. Normandie 1981, 108 : 51-60, tabl.

(Ibidem).

Avec 119 esp., le cortège atlantique 5.1. représente 20,2% de la bryoflore nor-

mande. Il se répartit en esp. eu-atlantiques (2,9%), subatlantiques (5,8%), ешу-

atlantiques (5,84), oréo-atlantiques (4,35) et océaniques (1,5%).

83-228 LECOINTE A., SCHUMACKER R., PIERROT В.В. et ROGEON М.А. - Corteges et lis-

tes des bryophytes observées pendant la 7° session extraordinaire de Та Socié-

té botanique du Centre-Ouest dans le Cantal (15), 8420. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest

m.s. "1980" 1981, 11 : 49-85, 12 photos (Ibidem).

Citation des esp., par loc. et hab. Notes écol. Cephatostelia subdendata, C.

itlima, Pruliania jackit, Rieoia warnstorfii, Seapania caleicola et Trematodon

ыце seraient nouv. pour le Cantal. Liste des taxons.

83-828 LECOINTE A. et PIERROT В.В. - Metagerta temperata Кинан. en France, Compa-

raison avec les autres Metzgería propaguliféres indigènes. 8427. Soc. Hot. Cem-

tre-0uest n.s. 1981, 12 : 57-64, 4 fig. (Ibidem).

Souvent confondu avec M. fruticulosa (Dicks.) Evans, M. temperata Kuwah., ёрі-

phyte aérohygrophile et sciaphile, est à rechercher en France dans toute le do-

maine atlantique de l'aire du Mierolejewieo-ULotetum bruchii, en compagnie de

ajewea ulicina, Ulota bruehii et U. phyllantha. Morphol. de `

23-230 MAGILL В.Е. and VITT О.Н. - The phytogeography and ecology of Maenoscma

(Orthotrichaceae, Musci) in Africa. Вобйа ба 1981, 13(3/4) : 463-466, 5 rig.

(Bot. Res. Inst., Dept. Agric. 8 Fisheries, Private Bag x101, Pretoria 0001).

Macrocoma tenue (Hook. etGrev) Vitt ssp. tenue existe en Afrique australe, en

Ethiopie et en Australasie. M. pulehella (Hornsch.) Vitt, М. abyaeznica (C. Müll.)

Witt, М. lycopodioides (Schwaegr.) Vitt sont des endémiques de différentes régions

africaines. Tous les taxons sont xéromorphiques et ont une distr. afromontagnarde.

88-221 MARSTALLER R. - Die Waldgesellschaften des Ostthüringer Buntsandsteingebie-

tes . Teil 3. Wise т, Sehiller-Umio. Jena, Math. Naturvise. П, 1981,

30(5) : 671-729, fig. 68, tabl. 14-21 (Sekt. Biol., Friedrich-Schiller-Univ.,

Wissensch. Ükol., DDR-6900 Jena).

Etude du Carpénéon. Mousses en association.

83-942 MARSTALLER Я. - Nachtrag zu "Die Bryophytengesellschaften der Jenaer Unge-

bung - eine Übersicht". 11. Beitrag zûr Moosvegetation Thüringens. Wise. Z.

dvich-Schillartntv. Jena, Math. Naturotes. В. 1981, 30(5) : 731-732 (Ibidem).

Caractéristiques et esp. compagnes de 8 associations bryophyt. décrites aux

abords de Jena.

83-233 MAXIMOV A.1. - Some new data on the ecology and distribution of Sphagnum

subfuloun in the Karelian ASSR. Bot. Zum. (Moscow & Leningrad) 1982, 87(1) :

104-106, tabl., fig., en russe (Inst. Biol., Karel'skogi filial, AN SSSR,

Petrozavodsk) ,

Source : MNHN Paris

192 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

88-234 MIHAL Gh. - Completari la brioflora Dobrogei. Analele Stiint. Univ. "AL. T.

Cuza" Тасі Ser. IT a. Biol. 1981, 27 : 10-11 (Cat. Bot.-genet., Fac. Biol.-Geo-

grafie, Univ. "Al. I. Cuza" din Iasi, Calea 23 August Nr. 11, Iasi, Romania).

49 taxons avec loc. 3 esp. et 3 var. sont nouy. pour Ta Dobroudja (Roumanie).

83-235 MUCINA L. - Die Ruderalvegetation des nördlichen Teils der Donau-Tiefebene

3. Gesellschaften des Verbandes Dayco-Melélotion auf natürlichen Standorten.

Folia Geobot. Phytotaz, 1982, 17(1) : 21-47, 2 fig., 6 tabl. (Inst. Exper. Biol.

% бко1. Slowakischen Akad. Wissensch., Abt. Geobot., 885 34 Bratislava, Tsche-

chos lowakei ) .

Mousses en association.

53-236 PECIAR А. - Studia bryofloristica Slovaciae XII. Acta Рас, Rerum Nat. Univ

Comenianae Bot. 1981, 28 : 63-75 (Lehrstuhl Syst. Bot., Naturwiss. Fak., Komens-

ky Univ., Bratislava, Tschechoslowakei).

Hépatiques et mousses avec loc.

83-237 PERSSON H. - The effect of fertilization and irrigation on the vegetation

dynamics of a pine-heath ecosystem. Yegetatio 1981, 46 : 181-182, 3 tabl., 2

fig. (Inst. Ecol. Bot., Р.0. Box 559, $-751 22 Uppsala).

Les stations, à la fois irriguées et fertilisées, voient les bryophytes (Ро)

nutans et Pleurosium echreberi) remplacer partout les lichens.

83-238 PIIPPO S. - Nàtün (Al : Lemland) sammalkasvistosta. Mem. Soc. Fauna Fl.

Fenn. 1981, 57(3) : 101-108, 1 carte, en finnois (Bot. Mus., Univ. Helsinki,

SF-00170 Helsinki 17).

148 mousses et 24 hépatiques avec loc. de l'île Маб.

83-239 PISUT I. - Notizen zur Verbreitung der Gattung Cénelidotus (Musci) in der

Slowakei. Biologia (Bratislava) Ser. A Bot. 1981, 36 : 907-913, 2 fig. (Slowak.

Nationalmus., Nat. Hist. Inst., 885 36 Bratislava, Tschechoslowakei) .

Nouv. loc. en Slovaquie pour témeiidotus nigricans,

nubicus, Distribution du genre en Slovaquie.

. fontinalotdes et C. da-

40 POSPISIL V. - Die Laubmoose Мейит spinuloeun B.S.G., M. әрімовит (Voit)

Schwaegr. und M. hormum Hedw. in der Tschechoslowakei. Cas. Морао. Muz., Védy

РЁ». 1981, 66 : 51-58, 5 fig. (Bot. Abt. , Moravske Muzeum, Brno, Tschecho-

slowakei) .

Loc., altitude, écol. des З Mur еп Tchéchoslovaquie.

23-241 ROGEON М.А. et PIERROT В.В. ~ Les stations de Cinclidotua dans le fleuve

Charente. Bull. Soe. Bot. Centre-Ouest n.s. "1980" 1981, 11 : 171-180, 3 fig.

(14 rue H. Dunant, F-86400 Civray).

Ecologie des cénelidotus dans le bassin de la Charente; intérêt bryogéogr. Clé

aux 5 Cinelidotue : С. fonténaloides, C. nigricans, C. mucronatus, C. aquatieus

et С, daméicus. Les deux derniers sont nouv. pour le Centre-Quest.

42 SCHABERG F. - Die Moosvegetation der Dülauer Heide bei Halle/Saale. Teil

IV und V. Hereynia 1981, 18(4) : 404-423, tabl. (Hermann-Matern-Str. 28, DDR-

4020 Halle/Saale).

Vegetation bryophytique saxicole et terricole de la réaion de Та Délauer Heide.

Noter Dieraneliatalia heteromallae ord, noy., Solencetomion crenulatiae all. nov

88-242 SUMI M. - Moss communities on wooden piles along sides of irrigation chan-

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 193

nels in Chikugo City, М. Kyushu, Japan. Proc. 8туо1. 500. Japan 1981, 3(2) :

18-21, 3 fig., 1 tabl., en japonais, rés. anglais.

Descr. de 5 communautés. Fissidens diversifolius, Eurhynchium eavatiert, Epi-

pterygium tozeri et Hypnum plumaeforme sont dominants.

VOIR AUSSI : 83-102, 83-167, 83-168, 83-169, 83-171, 83-172, 83-173, 83-175,

83-178, 83-179, 83-180, 85-181, 83-196, 88 90,

85-301.

BRYOPHILIE

83-244 DÜBBELER P. - Phoma plagéochilae, ein interzellulärer lebermoosbewohnender

Pyknidienbildner. Mitt. Bot. Staatesammi. Minchen1981, 17 : 231-236, 2 fig.

(Inst. Syst. Bot., Univ. München, D-8000 München 19).

Descr., i11. de Phoma plagiochilae Racov., parasite de Plagiochila aaptentotdes.

Descr. des pycnides.

83-245 DÜBBELER P. - Moosbewohnende Ascomyceten. Die auf Davsonta vorkommende Ar-

ten der Botanischen Staatssammlung München. mitt. Bot. Staatesammi. Minchen 1981,

17 : 393-474, 25 fig. (Ibidem).

Descr., 111. des 21 esp. d'Ascomycètes (9 genres dont 3 nouv. (Dawsomyces, Dav-

sophila et Daweieola) et 10 sp. now.) présentes dans 52 échantillons de Daseonta

de l'herb. bryol. de Munich. Clé. Davson?a se développe toujours en symbiose avec

les champignons; méme des contaminations importantes (des centaines de fructifi-

cations par feuille) n'altérent pas l'apparence extérieure de l'hôte.

83-246 SPIESS L.D., LIPPINCOTT В.В. and LIPPINCOTT J.A. - Bacteria isolated from

moss and their effect on moss development. Bot. баг. (Crayfordeville) 1981, 142

(4) : 512-518, 6 tabl. (Dept. Biol. Sci. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, Illinois

60201 USA).

Etude des bactéries isolées de 4 esp. de mousses. Chez Pylaiatella seluynii, là

croissance du protonéma est affectée par la présence de ces bactéries; il n'y а

pas de formation de galles. Importance écologique de ce phénomène.

PALEOBRYOLOGIE

83-247 ACHILLES Н. - Die R&tische und Liassische Mikroflora Frankens. Palaeonto-

graphica Abt. В 1981, 179(1/4) : 1-86, 32 fig. (Inst. Paläontologie, Nussallee

B, 0-53 Bonn 1).

Stratigraphie et macropaléobot. de 9 loc. du Rhaeto-liassique de Franconie. Dé-

termination de 3 zones de spores; 162 esp. et 97 genres sont reconnus. Noter Ric-

ciosporites tuberculatus Lundblad.

83-248 BOERSMA M., BROEKMEYER L.M. - Index of figured plant megafossils. Jurassic

1971-1975. Spec. Publ. Lab. Palaeobot. & Palynol., Univ. cht 1982, 4 : 1-103.

Index. Arrangements systématiques des genres, des nouveaux taxons. Distr. géogr.

et chronostratigraphie des esp. Bibliogr. (13 р.) Noter les bryophytes : Aporo-

thallus Ladyshenskayae Krasilov, Cheirorkiza brittae Krasilov, Lattoaulina papil

losa Krasilov, Muscites fontinaltotdes Krasilov, Ricctopsia florimié Lundblad,

Thallites polydichotomus Prinada, Thailites yabet (Krystof.) Harris, Tricostiun

papillosum Krasilov.

83-249 GROLLE R. ~ Nippolejeunea fossil in Europa. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 1981, 50

143-157, 3 fig., 1 carte, 6 pl. (Friedrich-Schiller-Univ., Sekt. Biol., DDR-69

Jena).

Source : MNHN, Paris

194 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE

Le Frullanta acutata Caspary 1887 de l'ambre de la Baltique, est décrit sur un

élément de vrai Frullenia et un élément de Mippolejewsea. Descr. et ill. de е.

acutata Casp, emend. Grolle et Nippolejeunea europaea Grolle n. sp. Ce dernier

serait un épiphyte des foréts de conifères subalpines; c'est le 1° genre d'hépa-

tique fossile connu uniquement d'Europe. iéppotejeunea serait un élément arcto-

tertiaire et une relicte endémique de l'Asie du NE.

83-250 LACEY W.S. and LUCAS R.C. - The triassic flora of Livingston Island, South

Shetland Islands. 84%. Amtaret. Surv. Bull. 1981, 53 : 157-173, 7 fig., 1 tabl,

(School P1. Biol., Univ. College North Wales, Bangor 1157 2UW, U.K.).

La flore triassique de l'ile Livingston, probablement du Ladino-Carnien, com-

prend 18 taxons : bryopsides (Thaliites sp. А et B), ptéridopsides, cycadopsides,

coniféropsides et fragments indéterminés.

VOIR AUSSI : 83-252.

DOCUMENTATION, à

TOIRE DES 51

85-251 CASAS C. y BRUGUÉS M. - Contribucié de Ramon de 80105 (1852-1914) а Та brio-

logia catalana. Sutil. Inst, Cat. Met. lat. (Seco. Bot. 4) 1981, 46 : 95-98

(Dept. Bot., Fac. Ci., Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Es-

paña).

Liste des esp. de l'herb. Bolôs. Entodon ciadorrhisans (Hedw.) C. МІП. et

Tayloria froeitchiana (Hedw.) Mitt. sont nouv. pour la Catalogne.

88-252 FREY W. und KÜRSCHNER H. - The bryological literature of Southwest Asia.

J, Hattori Bot. Lab. 1981, 50 : 217-229, 1 carte (Bot. Inst. I, Senckenbergstr.

17-?1, D-6300 Giessen).

Survol des trouvailles floristique, taxonomique, bryogéogr., écologique, de

fossiles de Та région de l'Asie du SW : Turquie, Iran, Afghanistan, Israël, Syrie,

Irak, Arabie Saoudite, Yemen, Koweit, Oman, Liban, Chypre. Bibliogr.

83-253 HERTEL Н. - Dr. Hugo DIHM (1867-1942) und sein Moosherbar, Mitt. Bot.

Staatesammi. München 1981, 17 : 549-563, 4 portr. (Bot. Staatssamml. München,

Menzigerstr. 67, D-8000 München 19).

Les collections bryologiques de Hugo DIHM, déposées à la Technische Universität

München (Tumii), sont maintenant à M. Données sur la vie de H. Dihm, sur son voya-

ge en Indonésie et au Japon (1899-1900). Spécimens d'Allemagne du Sud, collectés

par lui et G. Bauer (son oncle). Nombreux duplicata du monde entier.

83-264 IMATSUKI 2. - Bryological literature published in Japan in 1979 (2). Proc.

Exyol. Soc. Japan 1981, 3(2) : 25-27.

83-255 STEWART В.В. = Missionaries and clergymen as botanists in India and Pakis-

tan. Zosen 1982, 31(1) : 57-64 (Univ. Michigan Hb., Ann Arbor, МГ 48109, USA).

Historique et données biographiques des missionaires et prétres ayant fait de

la botanique en Inde du Sud, au Bengal, à Bombay, au Kashmir, au Baluchistan, à

Sind, à Burma, dans le NW de la Frontier Province, au Punjab.

82-256 VÁŇA J. = Advances in cryptogamology (algology, mycology, lichenology and

bryology) in the last 35 years (1945-1980) in Czechoslovakia. Folia Geobot.

Phytotaz. 1982, 17(1) : 1-19 (Dept. Cryptog. Bot., Charles Univ., 12801 Praha 2,

Czechoslovakia).

Aptitle rédigé en coll. avec 0. Lhotský, P. Marvan, У. Holubovä, Z. Pouzar et

2. Černohorský.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE 195

VOIR AUSSI : 83-165, 83-182.

TECHNIQUES

83-257 COMTOIS P. - Extraction du pollen des mousses de surface à l'aide de l'a-

cide sulfurique. Naturaltete Canadien 1981, 108(3) : 305-308, 2 tabl. (Centre

Et. nordiques, Univ. Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec GIK 7P4 Canada).

83-258 LORENZEN H., КАТЗЕВ U. und FOERSTER M. - Intensives Wachstum von o-

carpus natans (Lebermoos) in Durchlüftungskultur. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1981,

94(4) : 719-725, 2 tabl., 2 fig. (Pflanzenphysiol. Inst., Univ. Góttingen, D-

3400 Göttingen).

Descr. d'une méthode reproductible pour obtenir un doublement de plantes de

Rieciocarpue natans avec un contenu constant de macromolécules, cycle de 48 h,

toujours en culture semi-continue .

POLLUTION.

Source : MNHN. Paris

196

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

D. LAMY *

(ATIQUE, NOMENCLATURE

83-

ARCHER А.М. - А new australian lichen : Cladonia sulcata, Muelleria 1982,

5(1) : 115-117, 1 fig. (Div. Analyt. Lab., P.O. Box 162, Lidcombe, NSW 2141,

Australia).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Cladonia suleata sp. nov. d'Australie, membre du groupe

С. cariosa.

83-260 BRODO I.M. - Lecanora luteovemalis, a new species of the L. әуттісфа Com-

plex from the Canadian Arctic. Bryologist "1981" 1982, 84(4) : 521-526, 5 fig.

(Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Natl. Mus. Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0М8 Canada).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Гесалога luteovemalts sp. nov., lichen crustacé de sol

calcaire ou de tourbière, du Canada arctique ou alpin. Par la présence d'ac. us-

nique et de zéorine, par les spores ellipsoïdes et l'anatomie de l'apothécium, il

fait partie du complexe 2. symmieta. Noter L. superfiuena Magn. syn. de Г. pac

thalbina Lynge.

EGAN R.S. - Parmotrema arteagum, a new lichen species from Mexico. Bryoto—

giet 1982, 85(1) : 73-83, 6 fig. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha,

NE 68182 USA)

Diagn., descr., i11., chimie, &col. de Parmotrema arteagum sp. nov., appartenant

au complexe P. perforatum.

- Xanthoparmelia barbatéea (Elix) comb. nov., new to North Ame-

dat 1982, 85(1) : 129-130, 1 fig. (Ibidem).

Xanthoparmelia barbatica (Elix) с.п. (=Parmetta), récolté à Presidio County,

Texas. Noter aussi X. bumeteterii (Elix) с.п. (=Parmedia).

263 KASHIUADANI Н. - Lichens of Mt. Fuji. Mem. Natl. Sei. Mus. 1981, 14 : 45-

58, 3 fig., pl. 6 (Natural History of the Fuji

Bot., Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Japan).

Liste de 205 esp. avec loc. Diagn., descr., ill. de Phacographia flavicans Ka-

shiw. et de P. fujteanensis Kashiw. et M. Nakan., esp. nouv. Noter la 2° récolte

dans le monde de Collema perugurinum Degel. et le transfert de Pseudopyrenula

avajtensis Vain. dans le genre Pyrenula.

-Hakone-Izu. Area (1)) (Dept.

83-264 KNOX M.D.E. - Three new species of #ypotrachyna (Vainio) Hale from South

Africa. Bryologist 1982, 85)1( : 118-121, 3 fig. (Dept. Bot. & Microbiol.,

Univ. Witawatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 2001).

* Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE 197

Diagn., descr., chimie, ill. de Hypotrachyna evana, H. habenuta et H. tigu-

latasesp. nouv. d'Afrique du Sud. Affinités avec les autres esp. du genre.

83-265 ROGERS В.М. - The nomenclature of some australian lichens described as Le-

canora and Placodium by Müller-Argoviensi 110070 1982, 52(1) : 31-34 (Bot.

Dept., Univ. Queensland, St Lucia, Queenslan 4067 Australia).

La révision des spécimens d'herbier, décrits par Müller-Arg. comme Decgnora et

Placodium, entraîne des changements nomenclaturaux. Placodium fiavostramineun

Mill. Arg. est syn. de Dérinarta applanata (Fée) Awasthi; Lecanora atra Var. вет

rialis Müll. Arg., 2. a. var. virens Müll. Arg., 2. connivens Müll. Arg. et р.

те ша Müll Arg, sont syn. de L. a. Var. atra. Comb. пошу. : Camdeitamiella

Genhoetignoides (МІЛІ. Arg.) (= Lecanora), Lecidea alaucoflavens (МПТ, Arg.)

(= Lecmora), Lecidea hyalinescene (MUN). Arg.) (= Lecanora), Ochrolechta maoro-

sperma (Mill. Arg.) (= Lecanora), Cladonia glaolivide (МПІ. Arg.) (lac

dium). Xylographia perminuta (Mill. Arg.) (= Lecanora), Typification, descr. »

chimie des taxons précédents et dé Lecanora atbellaréa Müll. Arg. et L. glebu-

laris (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.

VOIR AUSSI : 83-268, 83-269, 82-272, 83-274, 85-275, 83-288, 88-268.

MORPHOLOGIE, ANATOMIE

83-206 BENTO-PEREIRA F. - Fungos liquenizados e liquenfcoles de Portugal I. 0 gë-

nero Sphinetrina Fries. Portugaliae Acta Biol. Ser. B, Stat. "1981" 1982, 13

(уг): 126-139, 1 tabl., 5 fig. (Inst. Bot., Fac. Ci. Lisboa, 1294 Lisboa

Codex, Portugal).

synonymie, descr., distr. au Portugal, clé aux 3 esp. de Sphtnctvina Vichênico-

les presents au Portugal. Relations entre l'hôte et le thalle support, rôle de

la fertilité ou de la stérilité de Pertusaria, thalle support.

93-287 FRIEDMANN E.T., FRIEDMANN О.В. and MCKAY C.P. - Adaptations of crypto-

endolithic lichens in the antarctic desert. CURA 1982, 51 : 65-70, 3 fig.

(Coll. Ecosystemes antarctiques, Paimpont 1981) (Dept. Biol. Sci., Florida

State Univ., Thallahassee, Fl. 32306 USA).

L'adaptation des lichens cryptoendolithiques aux vallées séches du Victoria

Land du Sud est plus morphologique que physiologique. Modification du mode de

croissance.

23-208 SANS H.M., PFEIFER К, und SCHUSTER б. = Die Variabilität vegetativer

und generative Flechtenstrukturen und ihre Bedeutung für die Systematik. Ber.

Douideh. Bot. Ges. 1982, 95(2) : 313-322, 18 fig. (Bot. Inst.. Siesmayerstr.

70, D-6000 Frankfurt a. M.).

Descr. du développement du tissu végétatif des thalles de Cladonia hlorophaea

Өе тта islandica, et de Та formation de sorédies secondaires au centre des

podéties de С. ctlorophaea entraînant une modification de Та structure du plec-

tenchyme. Importance systématique.

23-69 NAKANISHI M. - A note on the species of Graphidaceae (Lichens) from the

Toa peninsula. Mem. Nati. Set. Mus. 1981, 14 : 41-44, pl. 5 (Natural History

of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu Area (1)) (Inst. Biol.» Fac. School Educ., Hiroshima

Univ., Hiroshima, Japan).

Notes taxonomiques et morphologiques pour les 9 Graphidaceae récoltés dans Ta

Péninsule Izu.

83-270 ORUS М.1. y ASCASO C. - Localizacfon de hifas liquénicas en los tejidos

conductores dé Quercus rotundifolia Lam. Collect, Bot. 1982, 13(1) : 325-338,

Source : MNHN. Paris

198 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

25 fig. (IV Simp. Bot. Criptog., Barcelona) (Cat. Fisiol. Veget., Fac. Biol.,

Univ. Complutense, Madrid 3, España).

L'oberservation au microscope optique et au micr. électronique confirme la pré-

sence d'hyphes d'Esermia prunaatri dans les tissus conducteurs de Quercus rotun-

ia. Interférence avec le métabolisme du phorophyte.

83-271 SANCHO L.G. - Nuevos datos sobre las Umbilicaridceas (Liquenes) ibéricas.

Collect. Bot. 1982, 13(1) : 339-349, 7 fig. (IV Simp, Bot. Criptog., Barcelona)

(Dept. Bot., Fac. Farmacia, Univ. Complutense, Madrid 3, España).

Descr. et écol. d'ümbiizearia havaasit Llano, nouv. pour la Péninsule ibérique

d'y. probosetdea Schrad., de Гаваї brigantium (Zsch,) Llano, et de Г. b. ssp.

hiepantea (Frey) Crespo et Sancho,

82-272 SHEARD J.W, - The saxicolous species of the lichenized Ascomycete genus

Rinodina (Ach.) Gray with blue epithecia. Exyologiat 1982, 85(1) : 88-95, 12

fig. (Dept, Biol., Univ. Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N QNO).

Descr., distr. et relations de нола athailina Н, Magn., 8. subnigra Н. Magn.

et А. mxekiiana (Kremp.) Koern, (syn. : Я. traneaylvanica (Nyl.) Oliv. et А.

violacens Н. Magn.). Я. zsaekliana possède des formes sorédiées et des formes

fertiles.

VOIR AUSSI :

83-273, 03-274,

CYTOLOGIE, ULSTRASTRUCTURE

4-275 HAFELLNER J. und BELLEMERE A. ~ Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen an Arten

der Flechtengatttung SombyZicepora und die taxonomischen Konsequenzen. Nova

Hedvtgia "1981" 1982, 35(2/3) : 207-235, 24 fig. (Inst. Bot., Karl-Franzens-

Univ., A-8010 Graz).

Descr. au MET de l'ultrastructure et du fonctionnement ainsi que de l'ontogé-

nie de la paroi des ascospores de BombyLiospora pachycarpa (Del. ex Duby) De Not

et de B. japonica Zahlbr. Les parois des asques et des ascospores de ces deux

esp. ont une structure homologue; l'asque est de type Meg Ў

est considéré comme syn. de Megaloepora Meyen, d'où la comb. nouv. : M. р

ра (Del. ex Duby) Bellemére et Haf. Descr. de la fam. nouv. : Megalosporaceae

Vezda ex Bell. et Haf.

28-274 HAFELLNER J. und BELLEMERE A. - Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen an Arten

der Flechtengattung Brigantiaca. Nova leduigia "1981" 1982, 35(2/3) : 237-261,

20 fig. (Ibidem).

Ultrastructure de l'asque et développement des parois des ascospores au MET de

Brigantiaea Leucozantha (Spreng. В. Santesson et Haf. comb. nov. (= Lecidea).

Type particulier de l'asque de Brigantiaea . Descr. de la fam. пошу. : Brigan-

tiaeaceae Haf. et Bell. Noter Myzodrciyon Massal, syn. de Brigantiaea Trev. et

les comb. nouv. : 8. purpurata (Zahlbr.) (= Lopadiun), В. sën

et Tayl.) (= Leemora).

275 HAFELLNER J. und BELLEMERE A. - Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen an Arten

der Flechtengattung Zetro: gen. nov. Nova беймата "1981" 1982, 35(2/2 ( :

263-312, 47 fig., 2 tabl. (Ibidem).

L'ultrastructure des asques et des ascospores au MET mettent en évidence que

le groupe sonbylicepora domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. doit étre considéré come

Un genre distinct : Letrouttia gen. nov. (esp. type : г. domingensis (Pers.) с.

n. (= Leeanora)). 11 est caractérisé par la structure et le mode de dehiscence

de l'asque (type Letrouttia, analogue au type Teloschistes) et par la paroi Spo-

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE 199

rale pluristratifiée formant des épaississements sur la face interne, au moins

chez les jeunes ascospores. Descr. de la fam. пошу. unigénérique : Letrouitia-

сезе appartenant au sous-ordre des Teloschistineae parmi les Lecanorales. Com-

paraison avec Bombyliospora. 2007005992 comprend 5 esp. : Г. domimgenets , 1.

parabola (Nyl.) В. Santesson et Haf. c.n. а . flavocrocea (Nyl.) с.

п. (= Lecanora), 1. aureola (Tuck.) c.n. 1. vulpina (Tuck.) c.n.

(2 Leetdea).

83-276 HOLOPAINEN Т.Н. - Summer versus winter condition of the ultrastructure

of the epiphytic lichens Emjoria eapiiZaría and Ну ico in central

Finland. Аял. Bot. Fenn. 1981, 19 (1) : 39-52, 15 fig., (Ecol. Lab.,

Dept. Environm. Hygiene, Univ. Kuopio, Box 138, 5Ғ-70101 Kuopio 10).

Observ. des modifications ultrastructurales du phycobionte Trebourta lors du

passage de l'automne à l'hiver, et des variations de son métabolisme en fonction

de la saison.

82-277 SILVA PANDO F.J. у ASCASO C. - Modificaciones ultrastructurales de 1Tque-

nes epffitos transplantados a zonas urbanas de Madrid. Collect. Bot. 1982, 13

(1) : 351-374, 5 tabl., 17 fig. (IV Simp. Bot. Criptog., Barcelona) (Dept. Bot.,

Fac. Farmacia, Univ. Complutense, Madrid 3, España).

Observation de Та modification ultrastructurale des phycobiontes Protovocene

d' Evermia prunasiri, et Prebouria de Parmelia quercina, lors de la transplanta-

tion des thalles dans la région Nord de Madrid. Relations entre les changements

physiologiques, ultrastructuraux et morphologiques. Sensibilité à l'environnement

urbain.

VOIR AUSSI : 83-280

PHYSIOLOGIE, CHIMIE

83-278 CZECZUGA B. - The effect of light on the content of photosynthetically

active pigments in plants. III. The effect of short rays of the visible spectrum

on the chlorophylls and carotenoids content of lichens. Nova Hedviga "1981"

1982, 35 (2/3 ) : 371-376, 5 tabl. (Dept. General Biol., Medical Acad., 15-230

Bialystok, Poland).

83-578 XAVIER FILHO L., MENDES L.C.G., VASCONCELOS C.A.F. y COSTA A.C. - Fitohe-

maglutinina (lectinas) em basidioliquens. Bol. Soc. Brot. 2° ser.."1980-198)"

1980, 54 : 41-46, 2 tabl. (Dept. Biol. Veget., Univ. Brasilia, Pesquisador do

CNPq, Processo 30 5940/78, Brasilia, Brazil).

Présence de Та phytohémaglutinine (lectines) chez Сол: pavonia, C. braaitiene:

83-280 HALLBOM L. - Nitrogenase regulation and ultrastructure of heterocystous

cyanobacteria, free-living and in lichen symbiosis. deta (miv. lipeal., Abstr.

Uppsala Dissert. Pac. Soi. 1982, 636 : 1-17, 4 fig.

Matériel : Pelti; praetextata et Anabaena cylindrica. Influence de cert.

herbicides et fertilisants forestiers sur la fixation de l'azote par P. p. ;

influence des sources d'azote inorganique sur l'activité nitrogénase et l'échan-

ge de C0; chez A. с.; effets de NH,NO3 sur la réduction de C;H; et l'échange, de

(0; dans la symbiose de P. p. — Nostoc, plus prononcés que les effets de NH} ou

NO; ; effets de l'azote inorganique sur la réduction de 0202 et l'échange de CO;

dans les 3 composants du Feltigera aphthosa; la sarcosine est un régulateur pos-

sible dans Та symbiose P. p. - Nostoc; étude du 008000 de P. camina, lichénisé

où isolé.

83-281 HAMADA N. - The distribution pattern of the medullary depsidone salazinic

Source ` MNHN. Paris

200 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

acid in the thallus of Ranatina siliquosa (Lichens). Canad. J. Bot. 1982, 60

(4) : 379-382, 7 fig. (Lab. Appl. Bot., Fac. Agric., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, 606

Japan).

Le contenu en acide salazinique est plus important dans les parties apicales

que dans les parties basales des ramules de Ram. eiZ., à n'importe quel stade

de développement de la ramule.

82 HAMADA N. = The effect of temperature on the content of the medullary de-

psidone salazinic acid in Ramatina siliquosa (Lichens), Canad. 4. Bot. 1982,

60(4) : 383-385, 4 fig. (Ibidem).

Le contenu en ac. salazinique croît en fonction de la température. Rôle du

Substrat : rocher de couleur clair ou de couleur foncée. Les précipitations et le

soleil n'ont pas d'influence sur ce contenu.

83-293 MACFARLANE J.D. and KERSHAW К.А. - Physiological environmental interactions

in Lichens. XIV. The environmental control of glucose movement from algae to

fungus in Ре? зета polydactyla, Р. rufescens and Collema furfuraceur. Шеш

Phytol. 1982, 91(1) : 93-102, 5 fig. (Dept. Biol., MacMaster Univ., Hamilton,

Ontario 185 4Kl, Canada).

Etude du contrôle potentiel, par la température et l'humidité,du mouvement du

glucose du phycobionte vers le mycobionte. Le rapport : mannitol marqué / glucose

marqué, aprés une exposition au "C05 est utilisé pour mesurer la quantité de glu-

cose transportée et celle convertie en mannitol dans le thalle en fonction du gra-

dient de température et de l'hydratation du thalle. Détermination des propriétés

xérique ou mésique des esp. Un cycle alterné d'humidité et de sécheresse assure

à chaque partenaire un supplément adéquat de ressources de carbone fixé, et

maintient l'intégrité du lichen.

83-284 VAINSTEIN Е.А. - Some problems in lichen physiology 111. Mineral nutrition.

Bot. Zurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 1982, 57(5) : 561-571, 1 fig., en russe, rés.

angl. (Bot. Inst, V.L. Komarov, AN SSSR, Leningrad).

Révision, à partir de la littérature, du contenu et de la localisation des élé-

ments minéraux dans le thalle, de leur accumulation et de leur absorption. Impli-

cations écologiques.

83-285 VICENTE C. and LEGAZ М.Е. -Purification and properties of agmatine amidi-

nohydrolase of Evemia prunastri. Physiol. PL. (Copenhagen) 1982, 55(3) :335-

339, 6 fig., 1 tabl. (Dept. Pl. Physiol., The Lichen Team, Fac. Biol., Complu-

tense Univ., Madrid 3, Spain).

L'amidinohydrolase est activée par la L-arginine, la L-ornithine et la putres-

cine pour des concentrations d'agmatine inférieures à 14 mM. Elle est inhibée

pour des concentrations d'agmatine produisant une inhibition par excès de sub-

Strat. L'urée est inhibitrice de cette enzyme. Le Km pour l'agmatine est estimé

à 6.4 mM.

VOIR AUSSI : 83-260, 82-261, 83-264, 83-267, 8.

70, 88-:

REPARTITION, ECOLOGIE, SOCTOLOGIE

83-286 ALSTRUP V. - The epiphytic lichens of Greenland. #ryologtst 1982, 85(1) :

64-73, 3 fig. (Inst. Pl. Ecol., Я. Farimagsgade 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen).

106 esp. de lichens de 16 localités. 20 sont nouv. pour le Groenland. Etude

de Т épiphytisme occasionel ou obligatoire.

83-28? BALATOVA-TULACKOVA E. and CAPOTE В.Р. - A new savana-like community of the

Source : MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE 201

Sierra del Rosario Mountains, Cuba. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 1982, 17(2) : 137-

148, 1 tabl. (Bot. Inst., Czechoslovak. Acad. Sci., 662 21 Brno, Stara 18, Cze-

choslovakia).

Descr. syntaxonomique du Sletio purpureae - Andropogonetum gracilis ass. nov.

de la Sierra del Rosario (М Cuba). Elle comprend 4 sous-ass. nouv.; elle appar-

tient à l'Achlaenion piptostachyae all. nov., à l'Achiaeneratia piptostachyae

Ord. nov., au Selerie baldeimi? - Andropogonetea gracilis cl. nov. Lichens cités.

83-288 BARRENO E. y RICO V.J. - Liquenes interesantes de los Pisos oro- y crioro-

mediterráneos del Pico del Lobo (Ayllón, Segovia, España). Collect. Bot. 1982,

13(2) : 265-277. 5 fig. (IV Simp. Bot. Criptog., Barcelona) (Dept. Bot., Univ.

Complutense, Fac. Farmacia, Madrid 3, España).

Notes taxonomiques et chorologiques sur les lichens du Pico del Lobo, 2272m,

montagne siliceuse. Arthonia glaucomaria, Aspicilia grisea, Catapyriun aff. ci

nereun, Diploschistes bisporus, Нуродутийа atrofusca, Lecidea diducens et В

carpon hochetetteri sont nouv, pour l'Espagne.

84-389 CREVELD M. - Epilithic lichen communities in the alpine zone of Southern

Norway. Biblioth. Lichenol. 1981, 17 : 1-287, 77 fig., 19 cartes, 11 tabl., 5

appendices.

Géologie, géographie, climat de l'aire étudiée. Méthodes d'analyse et de synthé-

Se des communautés lichéniques (problémes de nomenclature). Facteurs écol. (chi-

miques, physiques). 382 relevés permettent de définir 4 aires : autour de Finse,

East-Jotunheimen, Rondane et Dovre, Haukelifjell. Descr. de 27 ass. et 2 commu-

nautés (18 ass. sont nouv.). Elles sont regroupées en 11 all. (4 nouv.), 7 ordres

(4 nouv.) et 2 cl. : le Leprartetea ehiowinae Wirth ex Wirth 1980 et le Hhizocar-

petea geographict Mattick 1951 emend. Wirth 1980. Beaucoup d'associations sont

des vicariantes géographiques des communautés d'Europe centrale, mais les diffé-

rences floristiques sont si importantes que la distinction au niveau de l'asso-

ciation est nécessaire. Pour chaque syntaxon : taxonomie, littérature, structure

et texture, écologie, distr. géogr. En appendices : liste des esp, de la zone al-

pine de la Norvége du S avec écologie, fréquence, distr., importance syntaxon.,

coll., notes systématiques pour cert. taxons (8 comb. пошу. chez Aapictlia, 1

chez Placidiopais, et diagn., descr., 111., chimie de taxons nouv. : Tonaspis e-

pulotica Var. macrocarpa, Lecanora cavicola, Б. с. Var. cavicola, І. с. var. е.

+ 00050078, L. c. var. с. f. equamulosa, І. e. Var. zonata, Lecidea céreumig

ta f. aoredicea, Phacopeis cruatulosa); index des syntaxons décrits provisoire-

ment et typifiés; typification des syntaxons décrits précédemment; localités;

échantillons de roches.

83-290 DANIN A. and BARBOUR M.G. - Microsuccession of cryptogams and phanerogans

іп the Dead Sea Area, Israel. Flora 1982, 172(2) : 173-179, 2 fig. (The Hebrew

Univ., Jerusalem, Israel).

La microsuccession cyclique sur sols acides et sans loess face à la Mer Morte,

est dominée par les algues bleues, les lichens, les mousses et les phanérogames

Succulentes annuelles;elle est liée à la microtopographie, à la salinité. Etude

de la diversité spécifique,de la conductibilité du sol, de la rugosité de la sur-

face et de la biomasse.

83-231 DÜBRAVCOVÁ Z, - Asociacia Juncetum trifidi Szaf.-Pawt.-Kulcz. 1923 emend.

kraj. 1933 v Západných Tatrách (The association Juncetum trifidi Szaf.-Pawt.-

Kulcz. 1923 emend. Kraj. 1933 іп the Zapadne Tatry mountains). Biologia (Pratia-

lava) Bot. 1982, 37)5( : 477-486, 1 tabl., en tchèque, rés. angl. et russe

Bot., Prirod. Fak., Uniw. Komenského, 84194 Bratislava, CSSR).

Descr. de l'ass, Ju

. t. polytrienetosum pil

associés.

fidi, composé du Zuncetum trifidi typicum et du

subass.nov. (5 variantes). Bryophytes et lichens

Source : MNHN, Paris

202 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

83-282 EGEA J.M., LLIMONA X. y CASARES M. - Aportacfon al conocimiento de Та flora

liquénica silicfcola de la parte culminal de Sierra Nevada. 0227201. dot. 1982,

13(1) : 295-312 (IV Simp. Bot. Criptog., Barcelona) (Dept. Bot., Fac, C

Univ. Murcia, Murcia, España).

Liste avec loc. de 104 lichens silicicoles de la Sierra Nevada, entre Penones

de San Francisco (2500m) et le sommet de Mulhacen (3482m). Nouveautés pour la

Sierra Nevada. Calicium chlorium, Aspicilia polychroma SSP. hyperetrophica var.

kalireagens, Lecanora epanora, Levidea aglaea, І. subplumbea, L. epeivea, Tont—

ѓа cautescens, T. aquatida, 7007110 enterolaucoidss , B. leptocline f. mougeo-

Dermatocarpon rivulorum, Polyblastia thel. в, Porina chlorotiea sont nouv.

pour l'Espagne .

83-292 FREMSTAD Е. - Flommarksvegetasjon ved Orkla, Sør-Trøndelag. Gurmeria 1981,

38 : 1-90, 24 fig., 11 tabl., en norvégien, rés. angl. (Bot. Inst., Boks 12,

N-5014 Bergen Universitatet).

Etude de Та végétation alluviale le Топс йе la rivière Orkla, Norvège centrale.

Etude, descr., des différentes associations rencontrées. Relations entre les zo-

nations et les successions; influence du pH et des courants. Lichens associés.

83-204 GARCIA-ROWE J., SILVESTRE S. y LLIMONA X. - Estudio liquenológico del Bar-

ranco de Linares. Collect. Bos. 1982, 13(1) : 313-317 (11 Simp. Bot. Criptog.,

Barcelona) (Dept. Biol. Veget., Fac. Farmacia, Univ. Sevilla, Sevilla, España).

Liste de 77 taxons de Barranco de Linares (prov. Huelva). Thelidiwm pyrenopho=

zum (Ach. Mudd., Leetdea vonticosa (Floerk.) Koerb. et &ueliia disciformis (Fr.)

Nudd, sont nouv. pour l'Espagne.

83-295 GOMEZ BOLEA A. у HLADUN SIMÓN N.L. = Datos para la flora liquénica de Ca-

taluña. Liquenes epifilos. Collect. Hé. 1982, 13(1) : 319-322, 1 fig. (IV Simp.

Bot. Criptog., Barcelona) (Guipuzcoa 55, 7° 2%, Barcelona-20, España).

Taxons récoltés sur Frame sempervivens.

83-890 HLADUN SIMON N.L. - Omphalina wübellifera (L.exFr.) Quél. novedad para

la flora liquenica espanola . Collect. Bot. 1982, 13(1) : 323-324 (IV Simp.

Bot. Criptog., Barcelona) (Dept. Bot., Fac. Biol., Univ. Barcelona, Gran Via

585, Barcelona-7, España).

68-287 HOISINGTON B.L. and MAASS W.G, - Cavemularia hultensis in northernmost

Newfoundland and Southern Labrador. 220700486 1982, 85(1) : 122-125, 1 fig.

(Dept. Biol., Memorial Univ. Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada

AIC 557).

Descr. de l'habitat de Cavermut.

mia hultensis.

98 MASSE L, - Paeudocyphellaria crocata Vain., Тіспеп nouveau pour l'ile de

la Possession (archipel Crozet, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises).

Ecologie sommaire et intérêt biogéographique. CWFRA 1982, 51 :17-23, 2 pl., 2

fig. (Colloque Ecosystèmes subantarctiques, Paimpont 1981) ( Lab. Bot. L. Da-

niel, UER Sci., Vie & Environn., Univ. Rennes-Sciences, F-35042 Rennes Cedex).

аз.

8 McCUNE B. and ANTOS J.A. - Epiphyte communities of the Swan Valley, Monta-

na. Bmyoiogíst 1982, 85)1( : 1-12, 2 fig., 3 tabl. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Wisconsin,

Madison, WI 53706 USA).

Etude des communautés épiphytes des forêts de conifères du Swan Valley (Monta-

na W) : structure, dynamisme et succession. Méthodes d'ordination et de classifi-

cation. Lichens associés

Source : MNHN. Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE 203

83-300 McCUNE В. = Lichens of the Swan Valley, Montana. Bryologést 1982, 85(1) :

13-21, 1 fig. (Ibidem).

206 taxons dont 74 nouv. pour le Montana. Noter la présence de 00700700 curbispo-

rum Degel. et de Bacidia idahoensis Magn. Influences continentale et pacifique.

93-301 NAKAGOSHT М. and SOGA S. - А study of the alpine vegetation on the Shirou-

ma Mountains in Central Japan, with special reference to seed ecology. -

1981, suppl. 1: 341-358, 10 tabl., 4 fig., en japonais, rés. angl. (Bot. Inst.,

Hiroshima Univ., Higashisenda, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730 Japan).

Etude de 19 communautés de la végétation alpine des Shirouma Mts. Bryophytes

et lichens associés.

83-392 ОКЗАМЕМ J. - Kasvilajien suhde korkeusgradienttiin Tvärminnen seudun kal-

lioiden poronjék&likBissä. Mem. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 1982, 58(2) : 53-58, 1

tabl., 4 fig., en finnois (Dept. Biol., Univ. Joensuu, P.0. Box 111, SF-80101

Joensuu).

Etude de la relation entre les plantes et l'altitude dans la végétation dominée

par le lichen à rennes, sur roches nues, dans la région de Tvárminne, Finlande S.

23-303 REDON 2. and GUZMAN G. - Biogeography and community structure of the li-

chens from Deception Island, West Antarctic. СМЕНА 1982, 51 : 33-34 (Abstr. et

discussion, Colloque Ecosystèmes antarctiques, Paimpont 1981) (Mozartstr. 1,

8702 Veitschücheim RFA).

83-304 ROUX Cl. - Etude écologique et phytosociologique des peuplements lichéni-

ques saxicoles-calcicoles du Sud-Est de la France. F th. ol. 1981, 15:

1-557, 107 fig., 48 tabl. (Lab. Bot. & Ecol. Médit., Univ. Aix-Marseille, Fac.

Sci. à Techn. St Jéróme, rue Henri Poncaré, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 4).

Ce travail est la publication d'une thèse soutenue en 1979, qui a déjà fait

l'objet d'une analyse dans Cryptogamie, Bryol. Eichénol. 1980, 1(2) : 224.

83-305 SPENCE J.R. = Comments on the cryptogam vegetation in front of glaciers in

the Teton range. 2000700106 "1981" 1982, 83(4) : 564-568, 4 tabl. (Dept. Bot.,

Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T IWS).

Liste des mousses et lichens de 9 sites de moraines et de 2 sites de rochers

de glaciers, dans la chaîne Teton, Grand Teton Natl. Park, Wyoming. D'après l'A.,

la distr. et l'abondance de la végétation dépendent de la topographie.

83-208 TOORES і MAS E. y HLADUN N.L. - Aportaciôn a la flora liquénica del Turd

de Sant Mateu (Premià de Dalt-Maresma). Collect. Bot. 1982, 13(1) : 381-383

(IV Simp. Bot. Criptog., Barcelona) (Епгіс Granados 70, Premia de Mar (Barcelo-

na) España) .

Ecologie, liste des esp.

VOIR AUSSI : 8i 3, 83-264, 82-266, 83-269,

POLLUTION

33-307 CRESPO А. y BUENO A.G. - Valoración de áreas isocontaminadas en Іа Casa

de Campo de Madrid mediante el analisis de bioindicadores (liquenes epifi tos).

Collect. Bot. 1982, 13)1( : 279-294, 3 fig., 3 tabl. (IV Simp. Bot. Criptog.,

Barcelona) (Dept. Bot., Fac. Farmacia, Univ. Complutense, Madrid 3, Espana).

Source : MNHN. Paris

204 BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHENOLOGIQUE

Utilisation de la méthode IPA (Index de la pureté atmosphérique) de De Sloover

et Leblanc et des lichens épiphytes pour étudier la pollution du parc seminaturel

"Casa de Campo", Madrid.

82-208 FEIGE G.B, - Niedere Pflanzen-Speziell Flechten- als Bioindikatoren. Deche-

niana 1982, Ве: 26 : 23-30, 3 fig., 5 tabl. (Univ. Essen-GHS, Fachbereich 9,

Bot./Pflanzenphysiol., Universitätstr. 5, D-4300 Essen 1).

Les plantes inférieures, surtout les lichens, sont couramment utilisées pour

l'étude de la pollution. Leur croissance et leur fertilité sont les caractères

les plus significatifs.

VOIR AUSSI : 83-277.

DOCUMENTATION

83-309 PISUT І. - Lichenes slovakiae exsiccati . Slov. Нат. Más. Prin. Ved.

1982, 28 : 11-15 (Slovenské narod. Muz., Prírodovedny üstav, Csc-814 36 Bratis-

lava).

Liste des fasc. 1-12, n° 1-300.

83-310 SILVESTRE S. y GARCIA-ROWE J. - Liquenes en los herbarios Boutelou, de la

Universidad y del Antiguo Museo de Historia Natural de Sevilla. Collect. Bot.

1982, 13)1( : 375-380 (IV Simp. Bot. Criptog., Barcelona) (Dept. Biol. Veae

Fac. Farmacia, Univ. Sevilla, Espaha).

Commission paritaire 15-9-1981 № 58611

Dépôt légal n° 11818 - Imprimerie de Montligeon

ой 1983

Sorti des presses le

Source : MNHN, Paris

COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL

du CNRS N° 258

ÉCHANGES IONIQUES TRANSMEMBRANAIRES

CHEZ LES VÉGÉTAUX

TRANSMEMBRANE IONIC EXCHANGES IN PLANTS

org. : б. Ducet, В. Heller, M. Thellier

Universités de Rouen et Paris VII - 5-11 juillet 1976

Ф analyse des modèles théoriques Ф recherche des couplages métaboliques ou autres

€ études électrophysiologiques Ф cas particulier des transferts d'anions et de molécules

organiques ® localisation d'ions et aspects structuraux et moléculaires @ intervention

d'échanges ioniques dans les régulations intercellulaires

€ kinetic and thermodynamic considerations, model systems

€ metabolic and other couplings, ATPases

€ particular features of anionic transfers

Ф clectrophysiology of the ionic transfer

€ absorption of organic molécules

€ localization, molecular and structural aspect of the transfers

€ interference of the transmembrane transfers in other processes than absorption

® ion exchanges in cell organites

(69 communications dont 64 en anglais et 5 en frangais)

21 x 29, 7 - 608 pages - broché 180 F

286 fig. - 89 tabl. - 30 phot.

ISBN 2-222-02021-2

(co-édition CNRS-Université de Rouen)

ditions du CNRS

5 quai Anatole France. 75700 Paris

CCP Paris 9061-11 - Tél. 555.92.25

chez son libraire.

: à défaut aux Editions du CNRS (chèque joint) 8

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О Sciences humaines

adresse. г О Sciences exactes et naturelles

: О Trésor de la langue Française

achète Le ivre — П Rewe de l'Art

я а я а а а ня н аа а а а т а а аа а а а а а аа а аня аа на”

Source NEIN. Paris

SOMMAIRE

R. MUES, A. STRASSNER and H.D. ZINSMEISTER. — Unusual flavo-

noid glucosides for Jungermanniales detected in two Frullania species

(Hepaticae) 111

У. SOLBERG. — Lipid constituents of the moss Mniobryum wahlenbergii

EE leede EE E 129

Ј.С. VADAM. — L'Encalypio streptocarpae - Fissidentetum cristati

Neumayr 1971 dans les environs de Montbéliard (Doubs) .........- 145

D. GRIFFIN, Ш and М.Г. ACUÑA. — Spore ornamentation studies in

Anacolia (Musci; Bartramiaceae) 4 155

S. RAPSCH and B. CIFUENTES. — Glucosamine 6-P isomerase of Evernia

prunastri (L.) Ach. ..... pie Plc AE a MESES 161

D.L. HAWKSWORTH and P.W. JAMES. — Bouly de Lesdain and Vouaux

material in the National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney

ENT ee а Ee 169

С. VANDEN BERGHEN. — Frullania angulata Mitt. f. serratoides Vanden

Berghoen е D Den олы SET EP

NOTES

R. DHIEN. — Végétation bryologique du canal de Bourgogne ......... 177

J.P. ЕКАНМ. — Campylopodes Exsiccatae. Fascicle Ш. ............ 179

В. GROLLE, — Erich Heinz Benedix (13.8.1914 -11,3.1983)........ 181

INFORMATIONS Ta A OE А В 181

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE .............. ste es uns 420 192

BIBLIOGRAPHIE LICHÉNOLOGIQUE ..... WEE e E

Source - MNHN. Paris