СЕЎРТОСАМІЕ

Mycologie

ANCIENNE REVUE DE MYCOLOGIE

fondée раг R. Heim en 1936

Directeur de la publication : Hélène Bischler-Causse

Rédaction : Bruno DENNETIERE & Jean MOU! ЈНАССА

EDITEUR : A.D.A.C. — 12 RUE BUFFON F-75005 PARIS

COMITE DE LECTURE

A. BELLEMERE (Paris), J. BOIDIN (Lyon), D. CHABASSE (Angers), R. COURTECUISSE

(Lille), б. DURRIEU (Toulouse), J. FAYRET (Toulouse), У. GAMS (Baarn), б. L. HENNEBERT

(Louvain-la-Neuve), Р. JOLY (Paris), С. MONTANT (Toulouse), С. MOREAU (Brest),

D. N. PEGLER (Kew), M.-F, ROQUEBERT (Paris), B. SUTTON (Kew), б. TURIAN (Genève),

D. ZICKLER (Orsay).

MANUSCRITS

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TARIFS DES ABONNEMENTS tome 19, 1998

CRYPTOGAMIE comprend trois sections : Algologie, Brtologie-Lichénologie, Mycologie

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CRYPTOGAMIE, Mycologie est indexé par Biological Abstracts, Current Contents, Geo Abstracts,

GEOBASE, Publications bibliographiques du CNRS (Pascal).

Illustration de la couverture : Glomerella cingulata, dessin de A. М. Saccas

Source : MNHN, Paris

CRYPTOGAMIE

MYCOLOGIE

ТОМЕ 18 FASCICULE4 1997

CONTENTS

L. MARVANOVÁ — Cladochasiella divergens gen. et sp. nov. . 285

M. LAGO & M. L. CASTRO — Lignicolous Agaricales on Eucalyptus from

JIN WS Daina o A ө, С e АЙЧ Өл ЕУ сы SITO 291

A.ZOLCIAK, R.-J BOUTEVILLE, J. TOURVIEILLE, P. ROECKEL-DREVET,

Р. NICOLAS & J.-J. GUILLAUMIN — Occurrence of Armillaria

ectypa (Fr.) Lamoure in peat bogs of the Auvergne — The reproduction

SONER Une SPECIES Baca он NI 299

G. MORENO, A. CASTILLO, C. ILLANA & M. LIZARRAGA — Taxonomic

status of Didymium laxifolium and D. rubeopus, incl. a new үче

of D. rubeopus (Myxomycetes) . . 3

G. MORENO, M. LIZÁRRAGA & C. ILLANA — A rare Didymium from

Mexico (Myxomycetes) oc sie sti аа UI UU MEE 327

5. CHACON & б. GUZMAN — Ecological and biogeographical observations on

fungi from Botanical Garden and Ecological Park of Xalapa, Veracruz,

МЕСО deur ра MEUM ш ая 333

М. CONTU — Studies on Bolbitiaceae from Sardegna. 1-Three new species in

genera Agrocybe and HOMO trina вае аа аа аа аа 349

Bibiography .

Cryptogamie, Mycol, 1997, 18 (4): 285-360

Bibliothèque Centrale Museum

3 3001 00033397 0

Source : ММНМ Paris

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Mycol, 1997, 18 (4): 285-289 285

CLADOCHASIELLA DIVERGENS gen. et sp. nov.

Ludmila MARVANOVA

Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science,

Masaryk University, Tvrdého 14

602 00 Brno, Czech Republic

ABSTRACT — The mitosporic fungus Cladochasiella divergens gen.et sp. nov. is described as a

contaminant from culture of a freshwater hyphomycete. It produces holoblastic elongate conidia

arranged in basifugal sympodial chains.

KEY WORDS: mitosporic fungi, hyphomycetes, systematics, new taxon

RESUME — Cladochasiella divergens gen. et sp. nov. (Hyphomycctes) est décrit. Cette espèce

apparait comme contaminant des cultures d'hyphomycétes d'eau douce. Elle produit des conidies

holoblastiques en chaines sympodiales basifuges.

MOTS CLEFS: Hyphomycétes, systématique, nouveau taxon.

Cladochasiella divergens n. gen. n. sp. appeared in a culture of Fontanospora

fusiramosa Marvanová et al. (1997) after its revival from storage in distilled water. The

original habitat of C. divergens is unknown.

The terms describing conidiogenous loci are adopted from Hennebert & Sutton

(1994).

DESCRIPTION

Cladochasiella Marvanová gen. nov.

Etym.: clados (Greek) = branch, chasis (Greek) = fission; the suffix “-chasium” is

used in botanical terminology for sympodially arranged branches in some inflorescences.

Fungi mitosporici, Hyphomycetes. Teleomorphosis ignota.

Hyphae hyalinae, ramosae, septatae. Conidiophora semimacronematosa. Conidio-

genesis holoblastica. Cellulae conidiogenae incorporatae. Conidia elongata, catenata, omnia

Source : MNHN, Paris

286 1. MARVANOVA

sub apice elementi precedenti orientia; catenae fractiflexae, simplices vel ramosae. Dehiscen-

tia conidiorum schizolytica.

Mitosporic fungi, Hyphomycetes. Teleomorph unknown. Hyphae hyaline, bran-

ched, septate. Conidiophores semimacronematous. Conidiogenesis holoblastic. Conidio-

genous cells integrated. Conidia elongate, catenate, each arising below the apex of the

parent element. Chains fractiflexuous, simple or branched. Secession of conidia schizoly-

tic.

Type species: Cladochasiella divergens Marvanová sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2)

Etym.: divergens (Lat.) = diverging; describes the appearance of the branched

conidial chains.

Coloniae monosporicae albidae, deinde brunnescentes, modice crescentes. Myce-

lium aerium copiosum, funiculosum, hyphis 1.5-4 um latis, pars reversa coloniae brunneo-

aurantiaca. Mycelium in substrato hyalinum, hyphis usque ad 5 ит latis; cellulae inflatae

elongatae, usque ad 8 um latae adsunt.

Conidiophora apicalia, 3-5 um lata, simplicia vel ramificata, leniter nodosa, rami

acrotoni, alternati vel oppositi, usque ad 100 х 3-5 um, saepe ut segmenta breviora seceden-

tes. Cellulae conidiogenae incorporatae, apicales vel intercalares, cum uno vel nonnullis locis

conidiogenis. Loci apicales vel laterales, monoblastici, cicatrices denticulatae, latae, non-

incrassatae. Conidia blastica, in catenis sympodialibus, simplicibus vel ramificatis, saepe

dichotomis et late divergentibus, raro alternatis vel oppositis vel adjacentibus connexa, in

segmenta breviora vel conidia singularia fragmentantibus. Conidiorum initiatio hologena,

dehiscentia schizolytica, cicatrices saepe excentricae. Conidia clavata , nonnumquam іпае-

quilateralia vel allantoidea, raro bacilliformia, continua vel usque ad 4-septata, (5 -)15-30

(- 45) x 2.5 -4 um.

Monoconidial colonies (2% malt agar, 15°C, diffuse light) off-whitish, becoming

brownish with age, growing moderately fast, reaching 9-10 mm diam. after 11 days, aerial

mycelium abundant, funiculose, hyphae 1.5-4 um wide, reverse brown with orange hue.

Advancing hyphae straight, loosely arranged, first branch c. 130-200 um below the hyphal

apex. Substrate mycelium hyaline, hyphae up to 5 um wide, with inflated elongate seg-

ments up to 8 um wide. Sporulation copious on the water surface and above water within

a few days of submergence of a piece of the agar culture in standing distilled water, but

scanty when the culture is aerated under water. The upper layer of the substrate mycelium

becomes darker brown after submergence in light, but all its elements remain hyaline.

Conidiophores apical, integrated with hyphae and hence their lower end undetectable,

3-5 um wide, simple or branched, somewhat nodose, branches acrotonous, alternate or

opposite, up to 100 x 3-5 um, often fragmenting and seceding as clavate, septate segments.

Conidiogenous cells integrated, apical or intercalary, uni-to multilocal. Conidiogenous

loci apical or lateral, monoblastic, secession scars broad, unthickened, on truncate denti-

cles. Conidia blastic, sequential, in simple or branched sympodial chains, branches often

dichotomous and then broadly diverging, rarely alternate or opposite or adjacent on the

same side of the parent element (fig. 2B); chains breaking down randomly into smaller

units, in older cultures up to individual conidia. Each conidium hologenous, arising below

the apex of the preceding element, secession schizolytic, detachment scar often eccentric,

unthickened, truncate. Single conidia clavate, sometimes inequilateral, or allantoid, rarely

bacilliform, continuous or up to four-septate, (5 -)15-30 ( - 45) x 2.5-4 um.

Source : MNHN. Paris

CLADOCHASIELLA DIVERGENS gen. et sp. nov. 287

Fig. 1. — Cladochasiella divergens CCM F-13489, conidiogenous structures. A, B: branched conidio-

phores with developing conidia and spent conidiogenous cells. C, D: spent conidiophores. E: simple

conidiophore with developing conidia. Scale bar = 50 um.

Holotype: PRM 842967, ex CCM F-13489. Culture examined: CCM F-13489, a

contaminant isolated from a storage bottle with distilled water and a culture of Fontanos-

pora fusiramosa CCM F-12089.

Conidia of this fungus have probably been seen by Ingold & Ellis (1952, fig. 1, e)

in scum on а freshwater tidal ditch at Wheatfen near Norwich, U.K. The original habitat

of our fungus remains unknown.

Source : MNHN, Paris

аза

Fig. 2. — Cladochasiella divergens CCM F-13489, conidia. А, С, Р, F, I: dichotomously branched

chains of conidia. B: conidium bearing two adjacent chains of conidia. G: Conidium with two

subapical opposite elements. H: conidium with single subapical conidium and lateral chain of

conidia, in alternate position. J, K, P: small units of conidial chains. E, L, N, O: single conidia. M, Q:

unbranched conidial chains. Scale bar = 50 um.

Source : MNHN, Paris

CLADOCHASIELLA DIVERGENS gen. et sp. nov. 289

DISCUSSION

The interpretation of the fertile structures is not unequivocal. They may be understood as

complex, branched conidia composed of short segments, or as chains of simple conidia, remaining

connected at least in young stages. Blastic conidia in branched chains appear in several leaf litter or

wet habitat fungi such as Cladosporium strumelloideum Mil'ko & Dunaev (1986) described from а

submerged Carex leaf, Diploospora longispora Matsushima (1975), or Strumella uniseptata Mat-

sushima (1975). C. strumelloidewm departs from Cladosporium because it lacks the typical, thickened

detachment scars on conidia and conidiophores and is rather close to Strumella macrospora Mat-

sushima (1975). Strumella uniseptata is more similar to our fungus, but Strumella Sace. (non

Strumella Fries) is a not well known genus, according to Hennebert (1968) similar to the aeroaquatic

Spirosphaera van Beverwijk. Diploospora longispora also looks similar to C. divergens, but the type

species D. rosea Grove is quite different. Fusidium Link might also accommodate our fungus, but like

the others, it lacks the sympodial branching of conidial chains. Anyhow, these taxa are either not well

known or differ from the commonly accepted concept of their genera. The sympodial mono-or

dichasium-like arrangement of conidia in chains in our fungus is unique and therefore І feel justified

to erect a new genus for it.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT — Sincere thanks are due to Dr. E. Descals for reviewing the manuscript

and for valuable comments and language corrections.

REFERENCES

HENNEBERT G. L., 1968 — New species of Spirosphaera. Transactions of the british mycological

society 51: 13-24.

HENNEBERT С. L. & SUTTON B.C., 1994 — Unitary parameters in conidiogenesis. In: Ascomy-

cete Systematics. Problems and Perspectives in the Nineties. D.L. Hawksworth (ed.)

NATO ASI Series, Series А: Life Sciences Vol. 269. Plenum Press, New York and London,

pp. 65-76.

INGOLD C. T. & ELLIS E. A., 1952 — On some hyphomycete spores, including those of Tetracla-

dium maxilliformis, from Wheatfen. Transactions of the british mycological society 35:

158-161.

MARVANOVA L., FISHER P. J, DESCALS E. & BARLOCHER F. , 1997 — Fontanospora

fusiramosa sp. nov., a hyphomycete from tree roots and from foam. Czech mycology 50:

3-11.

MATSUSHIMA Т, 1975 — Icones fungorum a Matsushima lectorum. Kobe. Publ. by the author.

MIL’KO A. A. & DUNAEV A. C., 1986 — Cladosporium strumelloideum Mil'ko & Dunaev sp. nov.

and new data on Dactylella submersa (Ingold) Nilsson (in Russian). Novosti sistematiki

nizhshikh rastenii 23: 134-138.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Mycol. 1997, 18 (4): 291-298 291

AGARICALES LIGNICOLAS SOBRE EUCALYPTUS

EN EL N.W. DE ESPANA

М. LAGO & M.L. CASTRO

Dep. Bioloxia Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo.

Univ. de Vigo. Apdo. 874. E-36200-Vigo. España

RESUMEN — Se mencionan 22 taxones lignicolas de Agaricales poco frecuentes recolectados sobre

diversas especies de Eucalyptus, en el N.W. de la Península Ibérica. Cuphophyllus grossulus (Pers.)

Bon, Hohenbuehelia grisea (Peck) Singer, Н. rickenii (Kühner) P.D.Orton, Marasmiellus omphalifor-

mis (Kühner) Noordel., Mycena tenerrima (Berk.) Quél. y Psathyrella dicrani (R.E.Jansen) Kits van

Way. son novedades para la Península Ibérica.

RÉSUMÉ — Les auteurs mentionnent 22 taxons lignicoles d'Agaricales rares récoltés sur diverses

espèces d' Eucalyptus du N.W. d'Espagne. Cuphophyllus grossulus (Pers.) Bon, Hohenbuehelia grisea

(Peck) Singer, H. rickenii (Kühner) P.D.Orton, Marasmiellus omphaliformis (Kùhner) Noordel.,

Мусепа tenerrima (Berk.) Quél. et Psathyrella dicrani (R.E.Jansen) Kits van Way. sont taxons

nouveaux pour la Peninsule Ibérique.

MOTS CLEFS: Agaricales, Chorologie, Eucalyptus, Écologie

ABSTRACT — We mention 22 lignicolous taxa of rare Agaricales, collected on some Eucalyptus

species from N.W. of Spain. Cuphophyllus grossulus (Pers.) Bon, Hohenbuehelia grisea (Peck) Singer,

Н. rickenii (Kühner) P.D.Orton, Marasmiellus omphaliformis (Kühner) Noordel., Mycena tenerrima

(Berk.) Quél. and Psathyrella dicrani (R.E.Jansen) Kits van Way. are new taxons for Iberian Penin-

sula.

KEYWORDS: Agaricales, Chorology, Eucalyptus, Ecology.

INTRODUCCION

Las referencias micológicas a las plantaciones de eucalipto, en la Peninsula

Ibérica, son escasas (Sankaran et al. 1995), a pesar de que al género Eucalyptus pertenecen

algunas de las especies forestales más cultivadas.

No es una excepción Galicia, una de las regiones españolas donde su cultivo es

más intenso. Se ha repoblado mayoritariamente con Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (hasta un

95%) ocupando un total de 239.000 Ha. entre masa puras y mixtas y, en menor medida,

Source : MNHN, Paris

292 М. LAGO & M.L. CASTRO

con Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., E. viminalis Labill., E. delegatensis R.T.Baker,

Е. macarthuri Deane & Maiden y E. obliqua L’Herit (Silva Pando & Rigueiro Rodriguez,

1992).

Con este estudio se pretende contribuir al mejor conocimiento de Іа micoflora de

Agaricales lignicolas, recolectados sobre diversas especies de Eucalyptus. Para ello se han

efectuado recolecciones en diversos puntos del N.W. de la Peninsula Tbérica (тара 1),

desde 1992 hasta 1996, durante todo el або, aunque соп mayor frecuencia desde el mes de

octubre al de febrero.

Indicamos un total de 22 taxones nuevos o escasamente citados en España. Para

cada uno de ellos figura la mención más proxima que conocemos, evaluando asi la

aportación corológica que supone nuestra recolección, Y, en las especies que se mencionan

por primera vez incluimos una breve descripción personalizada.

Mapa 1. Situación de las provincias españolas y portuguesas mencionadas en el texto

CATALOGO

Crepidotus calolepis (Fr.) Р. Karst.

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: A Guarda, Camposancos, 29TNG1035,

sobre corteza de Eucalyptus globulus, 4-Х1-1995, leg. M. Lago & D. Solis, LOU-Fungi

1863.

Source : MNHN. Paris

AGARICALES LIGNÍCOLAS SOBRE EUCALYPTUS 293

Citado рага la zona central у oriental de la Peninsula Ibérica (Guinea, 1929;

Malengon & Bertault, 1972).

Crepidotus epibryus (Fr.: Fr.) Quél.

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: A Guarda, Camposancos, 22TNG1035,

sobre corteza de Eucalyptus globulus, 12-X11-1993, leg. М.І. López-Prada, LOU-Fungi

1548.

Resulta muy difícil determinar su corologia en España, ya que puede confun-

dirse con otras especies próximas (Moreno et al., 1986).

Cuphophyllus grossulus (Pers.) Bon

Píleo, estipe y láminas al principio blancas, después amarillentas. Esporas

amigdaliformes, de 6-8,8 x 4-4,8. Se trata de la ünica especie de este género que vive sobre

madera (Bon, 1989).

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Pontevedra, Ribeira do Lérez,

29TNG3098, sobre tocón de Eucalyptus globulus,16-X1-1995, leg. M. Lago & D. Solís,

LOU-Fungi 8468.

No hemos encontrado otras referencias para Espana.

Hemimycena crispula (Quél.) Singer

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Vigo, A Guia, 29TNG2474, sobre corteza

de Eucalyptus globulus, 6-1-1996, leg. M. Lago, LOU-Fungi 8590.

En España sólo encontramos referencias bibliográficas para Barcelona (Tabarés

& Pascual, 1989)

Hohenbuehelia grisea (Peck) Singer

Pileo pardo grisáceo, de 2,5-4 cm., subsésil. Cutícula afieltrada. Esporas amig-

daliformes, de (4,8)-6,4-8,2 х 3,2-4,8 um. Queilocistidios metuloides, con apices con

incrustaciones, ventrudos, de 38-56 x 8,8-16,6 um.

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Vigo, A Guía, 29TNG2474, sobre corteza

de Eucalyptus globulus, 22-X1-1992, leg. M. Castro & M. Lago, LOU-Fungi 8418.

No hemos encontrado otras referencias para España.

Hohenbuehelia rickenii (Kühner) P.D.Orton

Pileo pardo amarillento, margen lobulado, subsésil. Cutícula recubierta por un

tomento blanco. Esporas elipsoides, de 7,2-8-(8,8) x 3,2-4,4 um. Pleurocistidos abundan-

tes, fusiformes, con incrustaciones en los ápices, con paredes muy gruesas metuloides,

color pardo amarillento, de 56-86 x 8-18 um.

Colecciones examinadas: A Coruña: Abegondo, Mabegondo, 29TNH5988,

sobre Eucalyptus globulus, З-ХИ-1988, leg. M. Castro, LOU-Fungi 4807.

No hemos encontrado otras referencias para España.

Source : MNHN. Paris

294 М. LAGO & M.L. CASTRO

Hohenbuehelia silvana (Sacc.) О.К. Miller

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: A Guarda, Camposancos, 29TNG1035,

4-ХІ-1995, leg. М. Lago & D. Solís, LOU-Fungi 8341; Pontevedra, Ribeira do Lérez,

19TNG3098, 14-XII-1995, leg. M. Lago & D. Solis, LOU-Fungi 3328; Vigo, A Guia,

29TNG2478, 14-X1-1992, leg. M. lago, LOU-Fungi 3766; idem, 12-IX-1994, LOU-Fungi

8342. Sobre cortezas у troncos podridos de Eucalyptus globulus.

Se trata de un taxon poco frecuente en el N.W. de la Peninsula Ibérica, citada

anteriormente para la provincia de Lugo por Castro Cerceda et al. (1995).

Marasmiellus omphaliformis (Kühner) Noordel.

Pileo pardo grisáceo o pardo rosado, de 0,7-2 cm. de diámetro, infundibuli-

forme. Láminas grisáceas o rosadas. Pleurocistidios utriformes o lageniformes, de 9,6 um.

de ancho. Caulocistidios cilindrico-fusiformes, subcapitados. Hifas del epicutis hinchadas

y a menudo con pardes pigmentadas y terminaciones mucronadas o subcapitadas.

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: A Guarda, Camposancos, 29TNG1035,

sobre restos leñosos de Eucalyptus globulus, 4-Х1-1995, leg. М. Lago & D. Solís, LOU-

Fungi 3550.

Es un taxon poco frecuente en Europa (Antonin & Noordeloos, 1993) y del que

no hemos encontrado referencias bibliográficas en España.

Melanotus hepatochrous (Berk.) Singer

Colleciones examinadas: A Coruña: Ferrol, Doniños, 29TNJ5516, 26-11-1995,

leg. C. Rodríguez & R. Rodríguez, LOU-Fungi 8373. Lugo Becerreá, Liber, 22TPH6251,

3-X-1993, М. Lago & М. Castro, LOU-Fungi 5352. Ourense: Verín, Alto de Fumaces,

29TPG3445, 25-XII-1996, leg. М. Lago € A.Pardo, LOU-Fungi 9019. Pontevedra:

Redondela, Rande, 29TNG2868, 8-ХІ-1993, leg. J. Rodríguez, LOU-Fungi 8371; Redon-

dela, monte da Telleira, 29TNG3082, 18-X1-1995, leg. M. Lago & E. Luis, LOU-Fungi

3552; Vigo, Canido, 29TNG1670, 26-IV-1995, leg. М. Alonso & A. Alonso, LOU-Fungi

8370; Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 29TNG2768, 18-X1-1992, leg. M. Lago, LOU-Fungi

3798; idem, 10-IX-1993, LOU-Fungi 8374; idem, 12-IX-1994, leg. M. Lago &

J. Rodríguez, LOU-Fungi 8372; Vigo, A Guía, 29TNG2478, 18-X1-1992, leg. M. Lago,

LOU-Fungi 3798, 22-X1-1992, leg. М. Lago & М. Castro, LOU-Fungi 3551; idem,

9-X-1993, leg. М. Lago, LOU-Fungi 6993; idem, 12-IX-1994, LOU-Fungi 7077. Sobre

madera y cortezas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis y E. globulus.

Mencionada con anterioridad para Europa por Watling & Gregory (1987) en

Inglaterra у para el sur de España (Córdoba) por Esteve-Raventós et al. (1996).

Mycena tenerrima (Berk.) Quél.

| Pileo muy pequeño, de 2-4 mm. de diámetro, estriado por transparencia. Super-

ficie viscosa, blanco furfurácea, centro gris. Láminas blanquecinas, con pseudocollarium.

Queilocistidios claviformes, lageniformes o fusiformes, diverticulados y con base fibulada.

Esporas amiloides, con grandes gútulas, hialinas, de 7,6-10 x 4,8-6 um.

Colecciones examinadas: A Coruña: Pobra do Caramiñal, Miserela,

29TNH0319, 6-11-1993, leg. М. Pérez-Froiz, LOU-Fungi 4265. Pontevedra: Pontevedra,

Source : MNHN., Paris

AGARICALES LIGNÍCOLAS SOBRE EUCALYPTUS 295

Ribeira do Lérez, 29TNG3098, 4-1-1996, leg. M. Lago & D. Solís, LOU-Fungi 8591.

Sobre corteza de Eucalyptus globulus.

No hemos encontrado otras referencias para Espaiia.

Pleuroflammula ragazziana (Bres.) Horak

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Nigrán, Monteferro, 29TNG1 367, 16-XI-

1991, leg. M. Castro & М. Martínez-Campos, LOU-Fungi 3553; Vigo, A Guia,

29TNG2478, 22-ХІ-1992, leg. М. Lago, LOU-Fungi 3797; idem, 22-XII-1992, LOU-

Fungi 3822. Sobre Eucalyptus globulus.

Mencionada en Europa para Portugal (sobre eucalipto) y para Irlanda (sobre

tilo) (Horak, 1978, 1987), para Francia (Heriveau & Courtecuisse, 1995) y, recientemente,

en Lérida (Espana) por Vila er al. (1996).

Pluteus nanus (Pers.: Fr.) Р. Kumm.

Colecciones examinadas: A Coruña: Santiago, Reborido, 29TNH3347, 25-IX-

1995, leg. M. Lago & E. Luis, LOU-Fungi 8385; Pontevedra: A Guarda, Camposancos,

29TNG1035, 4-X1-1995, leg. M. Lago & D. Solís, LOU-Fungi 3555; Pontevedra, Ribeira

do Lérez, 29TNG3098, 23-ХІ-1995, leg. M. Lago, LOU-Fungi 3556; Vigo, Saiáns,

29TNG1668, 19-XI-1995, leg. M. Lago & E. Luis, LOU-Fungi 3557. Sobre madera

podrida de Eucalyptus globulus.

Se trata de una novedad para el N.W. Ibérico, aunque ha sido citada con

frecuencia para la zona oriental (Maire, 1937; Singer, 1947; Maublanc, 1936).

Pluteus pellitus (Pers.: Fr.) Р. Kumm.

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Redondela, Rande, 29TNG2868, sobre

tocón de Eucalyptus globulus, 8-1У-1993, leg. J. Rodríguez, LOU-Fungi 8301.

En España, únicamente encontramos referencias bibliográficas en Barcelona

(Tabarés & Rocabruna, 1987) y Vizcaya (Muñoz et al., 1992).

Pluteus phlebophorus (Ditmar: Fr.) P.Kumm.

Colecciones examinadas: A Coruña: Santiago, O Pedroso, 29TNH3549, sobre

tocón de Eucalyptus globulus, 1-Х1-1993, leg. М. Lago & L. Freire, LOU-Fungi 5868.

Sólamente aparece mencionada para la zona oriental de la Península Ibérica

(Maire, 1933; Heim, 1934; Malengon & Bertault, 1972).

Pluteus podospileus Sace. & Cub.

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Vigo, A Guia, 29TNG2478, sobre restos

leñosos de Eucalyptus globulus, 17-IV-1993, leg. M. Lago, LOU-Fungi 4281; idem, 30-V-

1993, LOU-Fungi 4282; idem, 11-X-1993, LOU-Fungi 6999.

Citada con anterioridad para la zona sur y oriental de la Península Ibérica

(Maire, 1937; Moreno et al., 1984).

Source - MNHN. Paris

296 M. LAGO & M.L. CASTRO

Pluteus umbrosus (Pers.: Fr.) P. Kumm.

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Vigo, A Guia, 29TNG2478, sobre restos

leñosos de Eucalyptus globulus, 12-IX-1994, leg. М. Lago, LOU-Fungi 8360.

Publicada de forma imprecisa para el norte de la Península Ibérica por Moreno

et al. (1986).

Psathyrella conopilus (Fr.: Fr.) Pears & Dennis

Collections examined: Pontevedra: Pontevedra, Ribeira do Lérez, 29TNG3098,

sobre restos lefiosos de Eucalyptus globulus, 16-X1-1995, leg. М. Lago & D. Solis, LOU-

Fungi 8569. А

En España sólamente Һа sido recolectada en Barcelona por Mayoral & Angel

(1995).

Psathyrella cotonea (Quél.) Konrad & Maubl.

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Redondela, Rande, 29TNG2868, sobre

madera de Eucalyptus globulus, 13-11-1995, leg. J. Rodriguez, LOU-Fungi 8583.

En España ha sido previamente publicada para Barcelona por Rocabruna &

Tabarés (1991).

Psathyrella dicrani (А.Е. Jansen) Kits van Way.

Pileo pardo rojizo, margen más pálido y estriado. Cuticula higrófana. Láminas

con arista blanca. Pleurocistidios lageniformes, a veces curvados, de 60-70 х 14-18 um.

Queilocistidios esferopedunculados, claviformes o mucronados. Esporas adaxialmente

aplanadas, de 8,4-12,8 x 4,8-5,6-(7,2) ит.

Colecciones examinadas: A Coruña: Ferrol, Doniños, 29TNJ5516, sobre restos

leñosos y filodios de Eucalyptus globulus, 26-11-1995, leg. С. Rodríguez & R. Rodríguez,

LOU-Fungi 8579.

No hemos encontrado referencias bibliográficas de esta especie para la Penin-

sula Ibérica.

Psathyrella pennata (Fr.: Fr.) Konrad & Maubl.

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Vigo, A Guía, 29TNG2478, sobre madera

quemada de Eucalyptus globulus, 31-1-1993, leg. M. Lago, LOU-Fungi 8586.

Mencionada para España, en Barcelona por Faus (1981).

Tubaria romagnesiana Arnolds

1 Se trata de una especie muy parecida a Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.: Fr.) Gillet, pero

se diferencia por el hábitat lignicola y el rango esporal, de 6,4-8,8 x (4,4)-4,8-5,6 um.

Colecciones examinadas: A Coruña: Santiago, O Pedroso, 29TNH3549, sobre

tronco de Eucalyptus globulus, 15-IX-1994, leg. M. Lago, LOU-Fungi 430.

Nose puede precisar su distribución para la Península por citarse habitualmente

incluida en el grupo de Tubaria furfuracea s. lato.

Source : MNHN, Paris

AGARICALES LIGNICOLAS SOBRE EUCALYPTUS 297

Volvariella caesiotincta Р.Ю. Orton

Colecciones examinadas: Pontevedra: Vigo, A Guia, 29TNG2478, sobre madera

de Eucalyptus globulus, 11-X1-1992, leg. J. Fernandez Pérez, LOU-Fungi 7000; idem,

29-Х1-1992, M. Lago, LOU-Fungi 3010.

Para España ha sido mencionada en Barcelona por Tabarés & Rocabruna

(1987).

AGRADECIMIENTOS

Nuestro agradecimiento al Dr. Esteve-Raventòs por su ayuda en la revisión de citas

bibliográficas para la Peninsula Ibérica y a los Dres. Bon у Horak por la supervisión de algunas

identificaciones.

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

ANTONIN V. & NOORDELOOS М. E., 1993 — A monograph of Marasmius, Collybia and related

genera in Europe. Part 1: Marasmius, Setulipes and Marasmiellus. Libri botanici, 8: 1-229.

BON M., 1989 — Les Hygrophores. Flore mycologique d'Europe 1. Documents mycologiques,

mémoire hors série 1: 1-99.

CASTRO CERCEDA М. L., GONZÁLEZ DÍAZ R. & GÓMEZ VISO D., 1995 — Fragmenta

Chorologica Occidentalia (Fungi) 5193-5227. Anales jardín botánico de Madrid 52 (2):

200-201.

ESTEVE-RAVENTÓS F., ORTEGA A. & GÓMEZ J., 1996 — Melanotus hepatochrous (Stropha-

riaceae, Agaricales) found in Spain. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 62 (2): 213-217.

FAUS 7, 1981 — Especies nuevas, raras о poco comunes recolectadas en la temporada de primavera

de 1981. Butlleti societat catalana de micologia 6: 47-72.

GUINEA E., 1929 — Nuevos datos para la flora macromicetológica del Guadarrama. Boletín de la

real sociedad española de historia natural 29: 413-418.

HEIM R., 1934 — Fungi Iberici. Observations sur la Flore Mycologique Catalagne. Treballs del

museu de ciències naturals de Barcelona 15 (3): 1-146.

HERIVEAU P. £ COURTECUISSE R., 1995 — Agaricomycetes rares ou nouveaux de la cóte

Sud-Armoricaine. IL. Documents mycologiques 98-100: 219-227,

HORAK E., 1978 — Pleuroflammula. Persoonia 9 (4): 439-451.

HORAK E., 1987 — Beitráge zur Systematik und Oekologie von Pleuroflammula (Agaricales,

Fungi). Veróffentlichungen Geobotanischen Institutes ETH Stiftung Rübel 87: 31-42.

MAIRER., 1933 — Fungi Catalaunici. Series altera. Contribution à l'étude de la Flore Mycologique

de la Catalogne. Treballs del museu de ciències naturals de Barcelona 3 (4): 1-128.

MAIRER., 1937 — Fungi Catalaunici. Series altera. Contribution à l'étude de la Flore Mycologique

de la Catalogne. Publicacions de l'institut botanic de Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 15 (2): 1-120.

MALENGON G. & BERTAULT R., 1972 — Champignons de la Péninsule Ibérique IV. Les Îles

Baléares. Acta phytotaxonomica barcinonensis 11: 1-64.

MAUBLANC M. A., 1936 — Rapport sur la session générale de la Société Mycologique de France,

tenue à Barcelone du 19 au 27 octobre 1935. Bulletin de la société mycologique de France 52:

17-32.

MAYORAL A. & ÁNGEL F, 1995 — Primeras aportaciós al coneixement dels macromicets de la

zona del Garraf. Revista catalana de micologia 18: 51-88.

Source : MNHN, Paris

298 М. LAGO & M.L. CASTRO

MORENO G., GALAN В. & ORTEGA A., 1984 — Aportación al estudio de los hongos de

‘Andalucia VIII. Agaricales. International journal mycologie lichenologie 1 (3): 283-309.

MORENO G., GARCÍA MANJÓN J. & ZUGAZA A., 1986 — Guia de los hongos de la Peninsula

Ibérica. Incafo. Madrid —

MUNOZ J. A., LOPEZ J. & CADINANOS J. A., 1992 — Nuevas aportaciones al catàlogo

micológico de Bizkaia. Belarra 9: 9-14.

ROCABRUNA A. & TABARÉS М., 1991 — Aportación al conocimiento de los hongos del macizo

montañoso del Montseny (Catalunya) П. Butlletí societat catalana de micologia 14-15:

77-86.

SANKARAN К. V, SUTTON B. С. & MINTER D. W., 1995 — A checklist of fungi recorded on

Eucalyptus. Mycological papers 170: 1-376.

SILVA PANDO F. J. & RIGUEIRO RODRÍGUEZ A., 1992 — Guia das árbores e bosques de

Galicia. Galaxia. Vigo

SINGER R., 1947 — Champignons de la Catalogne. Espéces observées en 1934. Collectanea botanica

| (Barcelona) 1 (3): 199-246.

TABARÉS М. & PASCUAL R., 1989 — Hemimycena crispula (Quél.) Sing. In Societat Catalana de

_ Micologia (ed.) Bolets de Catalunya VIII Col lecció. Barcelona: Lamina 367.

TABARES М. & ROCABRUNA A., 1987 — Aportación al conocimiento de las setas de la “Serra

Collerola" (Cataluña). Butlletí societat catalana de micologia 11: 83-98.

VILA J., ROCABRUNA A., LLIMONA Х., TABARÉS М., LLISTOSELLA J. & SIERRA D.,

1996 — Fongs nous о рос citats de Catalunya y Andorra. Revista catalana de micologia 19:

25-46.

WATLING R. & GREGORY N. M. 1987 — Strophariaceae, Coprinaceae pp., Hypholoma,

Melanotus, Psilocybe, Stropharia, Lacrymaria & Panaeolus In: Henderson, Orton &

Watling (ed.). British Fungus Flora Agarics and Boleti 5: 1-121.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Mycol, 1997, 18 (4): 299-313 299

OCCURRENCE OF ARMILLARIA ECTYPA (Fr.) Lamoure

IN PEAT BOGS OF THE AUVERGNE — THE REPRODUCTION

SYSTEM OF THE SPECIES

ZOLCIAK Anna (1), BOUTEVILLE René-Jacques (2),

TOURVIEILLE Jeanne (3), ROECKEL-DREVET Patricia (4), NICOLAS Paul (4)

and GUILLAUMIN Jean-Jacques (3).

(1): Present address: Forest Research Institute,

ul. Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 Roku nr 3 00-973 Warsaw, Poland

(2): 12, rue Jules Guesde, 63400 Chamaliéres, France

(3): INRA, Centre de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Unité de Mycologie,c

Domaine de Crouelle, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France

(4): Université Clermont-Ferrand 2,

Unité “Organisation et Variabilité des Gnomes Végétaux”, associée à l'INRA,

24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubiére cedex, France.

SUMMARY — Armillaria ectypa (Fr.) Lamoure is regarded as the only Armillaria species throu-

ghout the world which is not linked to trees or shrubs. This rare species is found in the arctic or

mountain peat-bogs of Europe.

A survey of the macromycetes of the peat bogs was carried out in the Auvergne region

(Central France). Armillaria ectypa was discovered in seven sites, it was particularly abundant (over

100 fruitbodies) in one of them.

The morphology of the fruitbodies and mycelium in culture is described. Previous studies

suggested for the species a homothallic system of reproduction. This was confirmed by: i) the

morphological similarity of the single-spore isolates from one fruiting body, ii) the absence of mating

reactions among these isolates when paired and iii) the similarity of these single spores through

RAPD analysis. By contrast, RAPD revealed variability among single-spore mycelia isolated from

the fruitbody of a tetrapolar species (Armillaria ostoyae).

KEY WORDS: Armillaria, Basidiomycetes, peat bogs, ecology, RAPD markers, homothallism,

RÉSUMÉ — Armillaria ectypa (Fr.) Lamoure est la seule espèce d'armillaire connue qui ne soit pas

lignivore et liée aux écosystèmes ligneux. Cette espéce, qui passe pour très rare, est inféodée aux

sphaignes, sa présence a été signalée d'une part en Laponie, d'autre part dans les tourbières de

montagne de l'Europe tempérée.

Une prospection des Macromycétes des tourbiéres de la Région Auvergne a conduit à la

découverte ФА. ectypa sur 7 sites d' Auvergne (5 dans le Puy-de-Dóme, un en Haute-Loire, un dans le

nord-est du Cantal). Son abondance était particulièrement grande (plus de 100 carpophores dénom-

brés) sur le site cantalien.

La présente publication décrit les carpophores de l’espèce sur ses stations auvergnates, ainsi

que la morphologie du mycélium en culture.

Source : MNHN, Paris

300 A. ZOLCIAK, R.J. BOUTEVILLE er al.

Des travaux antérieurs suggéraient pour A. ectypa un système sexuel homothalle. De fait, les

mycéliums monosporiques obtenus А partir d'un méme carpophore sont apparus morphologique-

ment identiques et leur croisement n'a pas permis de les répartir en plusieurs pôles. L'analyse par

RAPD d'une série de 10 monospores issues d'un méme carpophore а confirmé l'homogénéité

génétique de ces mycéliums. A contrario, Г analyse RAPD appliquée aux mycéliums monospores

d'une armillaire hétérothalle (4.ostoyae) a fait apparaitre une importante variabilité.

MOTS-CLÉS: Armillaria, Basidiomycétes, tourbiéres, écologie, marquage par RAPD, homothal-

lisme.

INTRODUCTION

Armillaria ectypa (Fr.) Lamoure is a rare European agaric species specifically

growing in peat bogs. This species was created by Fries (Epichrisis Systematis Mycologici

1836-1838) under the name Agaricus ectypus. Quélet (1881) transfered it to genus Clito-

cybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. Bresadola (1928) also described a fungus named Clitocybe ectypa,

however according to Moreau & Moreau’s analysis (1929), Bresadola’s fungus was not the

same species as that described by Fries. Lamoure (1965) observed the close taxonomical

proximity between Clitocybe ectypa sensu Quélet and the forest species Armillaria tabes-

cens (Scop.: Fr.) Emel, that earlier authors regarded as a Clitocybe species (Clitocybe

tabescens (Scop.: Fr.) Bres.). Armillaria tabescens itself is related to the “true” Armillaria

species (with annulate stipes) which constitute the complex “4. mellea sensu lato” (divided

into a number of different species after the studies by Romagnesi (1970, 1973) and

Korhonen (1978). Armillaria ectypa, A. tabescens and “А. mellea sensu lato” share three

remarkable traits: initiation of highly-differentiated rhizomorphs in pure culture, biolu-

minescence of aerial mycelium, and the uninucleate state of the mycelial elements

(Lamoure, 1965); beyond a doubt, these common features justify Lamoure’s proposal to

transfer Clitocybe ectypa to genus Armillaria (Fr.) Р. Kumm. However, this species is

unique within the genus by virtue of its ecology: in contrast with all the other Armillaria

species, which are lignicolous and more or less pathogenic to living trees, A. ectypa has

only been found in peat-bogs, associated with Sphagnum.

The species could also be original by its reproduction system. All the forest,

European, Armillaria species have been shown to be heterothallic and tetrapolar (Hin-

tikka, 1973; Korhonen, 1978; Guillaumin et al., 1991). By contrast, Guillaumin (1973)

suggested for A. ectypa a homothallic system of sexual reproduction; this suggestion was

based on the morphological identity of the single spore cultures from the same fruitbody,

the absence of mating reactions in pairings between these cultures, and formation of fertile

fruitbodies in the laboratory from some of these strains of single-spore origin.

Armillaria ectypa has been found in two European areas: Lapland and the

mountains of Western Europe. In Lapland, it was recently reported by Ohenoja & Vare

(1993). In Western Europe, the species was reported from the Vosges (Quélet, 1881),

Schwartzwald (Ohenoja, pers.comm.), Jura (Favre, 1939), the French Alps (Favre, 1939;

Lamoure, 1965), the Bavarian Alps (Marxmiiller, pers. comm.) and from two peat bogs of

the Auvergne (Moreau & Moreau, 1929).

Source - MNHN, Paris

OCCURRENCE OF ARMILLARIA ЕСТУРА (Ег.) Lamoure 301

MATERIAL AND METHODS

1) Mycological survey of the peat-bogs of the Auvergne

A mycological survey of the mountain peat-bogs of the Auvergne region has

beer conducted by one of the current authors (René-Jacques Bouteville). This survey

concerned three of the four departments of the region (Puy-de-Dòme, Cantal, Haute-

Loire), but was particularly intensive in the south-west area of the Department of

Puy-de-Dòme (Monts-Dore, Artense and Cézallier). This survey reported a number of

macromycetes (Bouteville, 1991), among which Armillaria ectypa was found.

2) Fungal material

Fruitbodies of A. ectypa were collected on 2 sites:

a) the peat-bog of Limagne (Département: Haute-Loire, commune: Siaugues-Saint-

Romain).

b) the peat-bog of La Chambe (Département du Cantal, commune: Montgreleix).

Pure cultures of the fungus were obtained from these fruitbodies: a) from the

sterile parts of the basidiome (stipe and context of the pileus), b) from single basidiospore

isolation. The method used for single spore isolation has been previously described

(Guillaumin & Berthelay, 1981).

Asa control in RAPD studies, we also used single spore cultures of a tetrapolar

species: Armillaria ostoyae (Romagnesi) Herink.: eight single-spore mycelia were isolated

from a basidiome obtained in pure culture. The isolate which had fruited (number PC 79-4

in our collection) had been isolated in 1979 from a diseased Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster)

at Cestas (Département de la Gironde).

3) Matings

The matings between single-spore cultures were carried out in Petri dishes on

malt-agar (malt 2%, agar 1.5%). Inoculum for pairing consisted of undifferentiated

mycelium cut from the margin of a growing culture. According to our routine procedures,

the two plugs were placed side by side at the centre of the dish.

4) RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA)

a) culture of the fungus

The fungal strains were grown in liquid malt (2%) in plastic flasks at 23°C. The

mycelium and rhizomorphs were collected after one month and lyophilised.

b) DNA extraction

Total DNA was extracted according to the method described by Mohammed

(1994), slightly modified: each lyophilised sample (about 10-20 mg) was put in an Eppen-

dorf tube of 1.5 ml with 500 pl of TES Buffer (100 mM Tris pH 8.0, 10 mM EDTA, 2%

SDS). The sample was ground with sterile sand. Then, 5 pl proteinase К were added

Source : MNHN, Paris

302 А. ZOLCIAK, R.J. BOUTEVILLE er al.

(20 ug/ml) and the sample was incubated for 1 h at 55-60°С. Then, 100 pl of CTAB

10%-NaCl were added (CTAB 10g., NaCl 4,1 g., water qsp 100 ml). After an incubation of

10 min at 65° С, АРМ was extracted with 700 pl of a mixture chloroform / isoamylic

alcohol (24/1)-SEVAG.

After 30 min at -20°C., 10 min centrifugation at 13500 rpm led to separation into

two phases , the upper, aqueous phase was transfered to a new Eppendorf tube, DNA was

precipitated with 500 pl of isopropanol at -20° C., then concentrated by another centrifu-

gation (20 min at 13500 rpm). The supernatant was removed and the pellet was rinsed

twice with І ml of ethanol 70% at -20° C, dried and dissolved in 50 pl TE buffer.

The optical density of each sample was measured with a spectrophotometer at

wavelength 260 nm. The samples ready for RAPD analysis were prepared by dilution so as

to obtain about 60 ng of DNA in each test tube.

c) RAPD test

The amplification reaction was conducted according to Williams et al. (1990),

with slight modifications, in a volume of 25 ul with: 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 9, 50 mM KCl,

1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1% Triton X100, 0.2% gelatin, 200 uM each of dATP, dTTP, dCTP,

dGTP, 0.2 uM of the primer, 0.5 unit of Taq-polymerase (Appligène) and about 60 ng of

DNA.

Amplification was carried out in a 9600 Perkin Elmer Cetusthermal cycler as

follows: initial denaturation for 5 min at 93°C, then 40 cycles with the three steps:

denaturation Ітіп at 91°C, annealing Imin at 36°C, polymerisation, 2 min at 70°C. The 40

cycles were followed by final extension for 5 min at 70°.

The amplification products were separated by electrophoresis on 1.4% agarose

gel in Tris-acetic-acid EDTA (TAE) buffer and detected by staining with ethidium

bromide.

Five different primers were tried: three had been selected by Anderson’s team at

the University of Toronto: R25 (ACTTGAGGCG), R28 (ATGGATCCGC) and UBC31

(CCGGCCTTCC). These three primers had been shown to reveal a high variability

among the isolates of Armillaria spp. (Smith et al., 1992, Guillaumin et al., 1996). The

other two primers were OPD 20 (ACCCGGTCAC) and OPF 01 (ACGGATCCTG),

produced by Operon Technologies, California, (kits D and F), and which had provided

with good results at Clermont-Ferrand when applied to Armillaria isolates of African

origin. (Abomo-Ndongo et al. 1997).

RESULTS

1) Distribution of A. ectypa

The species was found in seven sites of region Auvergne:

Département HAUTE-LOIRE:

* peat-bog of Limagne (commune: Siaugues-Saint-Romain, altitude: 1083 m).

Département PUY-DE-DOME:

* peat-bog of Bourdouze (commune: Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise, alt.: 1210 m).

* “of Chambedaze (commune: Egliseneuve d'Entraigues, alt.: 1180m).

ha © of La Godivelle d’en-Bas (commune: La Godivelle, alt.: 1200 m.)

Source : MNHN, Paris

OCCURRENCE OF ARMILLARIA ECTYPA (Fr.) Lamoure 303

* “ of Les Chastelets (commune: La Godivelle, alt.: 1208 m).

of Кітаі (commune: Chastreix, alt.: 1237 m.)

Département CANTAL:

* “

* peat-bog of la Chambe (commune: Montgreleix, alt.: 1210m.). This small

peat-bog (fig.1) has no name on the maps, we named it from the name of the nearest

“buron” (cattle shed).

With the exception of Limagne, located in the region Deves, these sites belong to

the geographical region Cézallier-Artense, on the borders of Cantal and Puy-de-Dóme.

These peat-bogs fill hollows due either to volcanic activity or to overdeepening by glaciers.

Figure 1 — General aspect of the peat-bog of La Chambe (with “Massif du Sancy” asa background).

Figure 1 — Vue d'ensemble de la toubière de La Chambe (avec le Massif du Sancy en arrière plan)

2) Ecological environment of the species

The number of basidiomes of A. ectypa found in 1996 was about 100 at La

Chambe, 20 at Limagne, but <10 on the other five sites. The basidiomes of the fungus

generally appear in late August. At La Chambe in 1996, the fruiting period extended from

15th August to 8th September.

The base of the vegetation of the bog consists of several species of Sphagnum (S.

subsecundum ssp. inundatum, S. platyphyllum, S. flexuosum ) which are partly flooded and

constitute a spongy cloth more or less continuous. The angiosperms are typical of a

Source : MNHN. Paris

304 A. ZOLCIAK, R.J. BOUTEVILLE et al.

sphagnophilous vegetation (Molinia coerulea, Carex spp., Eriophorum angustifolium.,

Potentilla palustris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Succisa pratensis, Drosera rotundifolia, Andro-

meda polifolia, etc.). The basidiomes of A. ectypa appear either disseminated or by groups

of 3-4 (fig.2), their stipe is attached to the lower, dead part of the sphagnums through a

cottony aggregated mycelium. Rhizomorphs are not found in nature.

Figure 2 — Fruiting bodies of A. ectypa in situ (La Chambe).

Figure 2 — Fructification de A. ectypa in situ (La Chambe)

3) Morphology of the species

a)Fruitbodies in natural conditions (fig. 2-3)

The great number of basidiomes found at La Chambe led to observe some

variations from the descriptions carried out by Moreau & Moreau (1929) and by Favre

(1939).

The young pileus is convex, it becomes more flat when growing old, with an

incurved or upturned margin. This pileus is frequently hygrophanous or water-soaked.

The pileal surface is striate-pellucid, glabrous, glossy. A hand-lens is necessary to detect

thin, radiating fibrils which are denser on the central disk. In dry weather, the dense central

fibrils can peel off, giving a furfuraceous aspect to this part of the pileus which has often

been decribed as glabrous.

ANHN, Paris

OCCURRENCE OF ARMILLARIA ECTYPA (Fr.) Lamoure 305

The colour of the pileus is russet to brownish, imbued (5202-5203). In dry

weather, it becomes paler (beige-ochraceous to sandy) from the centre to the margin, the

colour of the central disk remaining darker.

The lamellae are scarce, more or less bulging, adnexed to slightly decurrent , in

the latter case shortly prolonged on the stipe, more or less bifurcated at the insertion. The

edge is smooth, irregular, first whitish then cream, finally brownish, like the margin of the

pileus.

The stipe is long (10 to 12 cm), but deeply sunken in sphagnum, thin under the

pileus (0.5 to 0.8 cm) but wider at the base, hollow. It is fibrillose or silky with brownish

fibrils, which protrude over a paler background, soaked and sharing the same colour as the

pileus. The stipe is pruinose below the hymenium (2 cm) and cottony at the base.

Figure 3 — Fruiting bodies of A. ectypa from Limagne

Figure 3 — Fructification de A. ectypa de Limagne

The context is entirely brownish, however its colour is highly variable according

to the wetness of the basidiome. The smell is strong, acidic, recalling both vinegar and

anise (as that of the sphagnum). It becomes foetid and unpleasant in dry samples. The

taste is mild, slightly astringent after chewing.

The basidiospores are smooth, hyaline, ellipsoid, their dimensions are the same as

for A. mellea or A. ostoyae (7-10 x 5-6.5 um). Spore-print is cream-coloured.

Source : MNHN, Paris

306 A. ZOLCIAK, R.J. BOUTEVILLE et al.

Armillaria ectypa differs from the other exannulate Armillaria species A. tabes-

cens by the woody habitat of the latter species (generally on oaks or chesnut) , its

fasciculate basidiomes, its whitish context and its densely flecked pileus.

Armillaria ectypa fruits easily in the laboratory (fig.4).

Figure 4— Fruiting of A. ectypa in the laboratory (Isolate PY 72-2 from the French Alps).

Figure 4 — Fructifications de A. ectypa obtenues au laboratoire (Isolat PY 72-2 des Alpes fran-

gaises).

b) Aspect of the mycelia in pure culture

The morphology of 4. ectypa in pure culture in standard conditions (culture at

24° in the dark, on malt 2%, agar 1.5%, in Petri dishes 9 cm in diameter) is typical (fig. 5-6).

The single spore cultures and the cultures from the context of the basidiome are identical.

The fungus grows more quickly than most other Armillaria species, it shows an abundant,

Source : MNHN, Paris

OCCURRENCE OF ARMILLARIA ЕСТУРА (Fr.) Lamoure 307

white aerial mycelium with a strong luminescence. After about 20 days, this mycelium is in

places covered by discontinuous brown crusts. The rhizomorphs are abundant, sinuous,

moderately branched, strictly cylindrical (diameter: 1-2 mm), they remain white even

aged. They are generally intramatricial but can also protrude outside the medium. These

rhizomorphs adhere to the bottom of the dish by special short brown, cylindrical,

branches (fig. 7).

This morphology is typical of the species. By the white, abundant aerial myce-

lium and discontinuous crusts, A. ectypa resembles A. mellea and A. tabescens, but these

two species have flattened, highly branched, rhizomorphs on malt 2%. On the other hand,

A. gallica and A. cepistipes have, like A. ectypa, cylindrical rhizomorphs on malt 2%, but

in the first two species, these structures are straight and become dark in old cultures. The

adhering rhizomorphic branches also appear to be original structures. Guillaumin et al.

(1990, unpublished) had included two isolates of А. ectypa (from the Auvergne and

Bavaria) in a morphological comparison between 58 Armillaria isolates. The use of

Factorial Analysis of Correspondances had shown that the two isolates of А. ectypa

appeared very close to each other and far from the other species.

MY 93.3.1

Figure 5 — Mycelium of A. ectypa (single-spore isolate MY 93.3.1 from Limagne) aged three weeks

upper side of the Petri dish

Figure 5 — Mycélium de A. ectypa (culture monosporale de l’isolat MY 93.31 de Limagne) agé de

trois semaines : face supérieure de la boite de Petri.

Source : MNHN. Paris

308 A. ZOLCIAK, R.J. BOUTEVILLE et al.

MY 93.3.1

Figure 6 — id., lower side of the Petri dish.

Figure 6 — id., face inférieure de la boite de Petri.

3) Matings

a) 8 single-spore mycelia from a basidiome from Limagne were paired with each other

(total: C8/2 = 28 pairings).

b) 10 single-spore mycelia from a basidiome from the peatbog of La Chambe were also

paired with each other (total: C10/2 = 45 pairings).

c) 3 single-spore cultures from Limagne were then paired with 3 single-spore cultures from

La Chambe (9 pairings).

No mating behaviour could by observed from any of these 82 pairings. The

different strains, which were morphologically very similar (even from the two different

sites) seemed to fuse with each other without any morphological modification of the

mycelia or incompatibility reactions. After 1 month, in most cases it was impossible to

distinguish between the thalli of the two paired strains.

Source : MNHN, Paris

OCCURRENCE OF ARMILLARIA ECTYPA (Fr.) Lamoure 309

Figure 7 — Rhizomorphs in culture with adhesive branches.

Figure 7 — Rhizomorphes en culture avec ramifications adhésives.

4) RAPD

* [n a first step, 10 single spore cultures of A. ectypa from La Chambe were

investigated with primer UBC31 in comparaison with 8 single-spores of A. ostoyae

originating from a fruitbody of the isolate PC 79-4.

The ten single-spore cultures of A. ectypa from the same fruitbody appeared

completely identical, all exhibiting 9 bands at the same rF. By contrast, an important

variability appeared among the single-spore cultures of A. ostoyae: 11 potential major

bands were found for the eight strains as a whole, of which 4 were common to all 8 strains.

From the other 7 major bands, only two strains appeared similar (n° 3 and 8), all the others

were different from each other:

:bandsl, 3, 6,7,8,9,10,11

Я 3,4,5,6,7, 9,10,11

2,3,4, 6,7, 9,10,11

2,3, 6,7,89,10,11

РС 79-4-6 4,5,6,7, 10,11

РС 79-4-8 3,4,5,6,7, 9,10,11

РС 79-4-9 VE SH, MY

PC 79-4-10 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

* In a second step, only five single spores of A. ectypa were analysed, with, as a

heterothallic control, only four single spores of A. ostoyae (numbers PC 79-4-3, 5, 8 and 9).

Four different primers were tried: R25, R28, OPD20 and OPFOI.

Source - MNHN. Paris

310 А. ZOLCIAK, R.J. BOUTEVILLE et al.

— with R25 (fig.8), the five single-spores of 4. ectypa were identical, with five

major and five minor bands. The four single-spores of A. ostoyae, had, as a whole, 9

potential major bands, and numbers 5 and 8 were identical:

PC 79-4-3 : bands 1,2, 4, 6,7,8,9

РС 79-4-5 and 8 :bands 234, 6,7,8,9

РС 79-4-9 : bands 1,2, 4,5, 7,8,9

— with R28, the five single-spores of A. ectypa were identical, all of them

showing 8 major bands at the same rF. The four single-spores of A. ostoyae had, as a

whole, 7 major bands and were easily differentiated from each other:

PC 79-4-3 :bands 2, 5, 7,

PC 79-4-5 :bands 2, 567

РС 79-4-8 bands 2, 4,5

PC 79-4-9 : bands 1,2,3, 5,6

— with OPD20 (fig.8), the five single-spores of A. ectypa were identical, with

only І major band and some 10 minor bands. The four single-spores of A. ostoyae had only

five major bands, and could however be differentiated from each other:

PC 79-4-3 : bands 1, 3, 5

PC 79-4-5 : bands 1, 3,4,5

PC 79-4-8 : bands 1,2,3,4,5

PC 79-4-9 : bands І,

— with OPFOI, the five single-spores of A. ectypa were identical, all of them

showing І major and 5 minor bands at the same rF. As concerned A. ostoyae, the DNA of

the mycelium of PC 79-4-5 had not been amplified. The numbers 3 and 9 appeared similar

(3 major bands at the same rF) and the number 8 was different, with one of the three bands

lacking.

123456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Figure 8 — RAPD analysis of single spores of A. ectypa and A. ostoyae : lanes 2-6: A. ectypa, primer

R25; lanes 7-10: A. ostoyae, primer R25; lanes 11-15: A. ectypa, primer OPD 20; lanes 16-19: 4

ostoyae, primer OPD 20.

Figure 8 — Analyse en RAPD de souches monosporiques de А. ectypa et А. ostoyae: 2-6: А. ectypa,

primer R25, 7-10: A. ostoyae, primer R25; 11-15: 4. ectypa; primer OPD 20; 16-19: А. ostoyae, primer

OPD 20.

Source : MNHN, Paris

OCCURRENCE OF ARMILLARIA ЕСТУРА (Fr.) Lamoure 311

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Armillaria ectypa seems to be a strictly European, arctico-alpine species. Perhaps

а relict of the ice age, it is confined to Sphagnum peatbogs of high latitude or altitude. Even

in Lapland, it is not a common species and seems to be declining (Ohenoja & Vare, 1993).

It is quite rare in the mountains of temperate Europe where, to our knowledge, it has not

still been reported from massifs such as the Pyrénées or the Carpathians. However, our

study shows that it is particularly frequent in the Cézallier, a volcanic plateau of the Massif

Central at altitude 1100-1300 m., which has been restructured by quaternary glaciations.

The Cézallier harbours several angiosperms which are relicts from the ice age, for instance

the very rare Asteraceae Ligularia sibirica, which is abundant at Les Chastelets where it

coexists with A. ectypa.

In contrast to several forest Armillaria species, highly pathogenic for trees, А.

ectypa has no economic importance. However, this species is interesting from two points

of view: its phylogenetic relationships with the forest Armillaria species and its reproduc-

tion system.

A recent study based on ITS sequencing (Chillali et a/., 1997), shows that A.

ectypa is genetically more distant from all the other European Armillaria species (inclu-

ding A. tabescens) than these species are from one another. In 1979, Lung-Escarmant and

Dunez, using immunoenzymatic methods, had drawn similar conclusions. It is likely that

acommon ancestor of all the forest Armillaria species (maybe close to A. tabescens) has

early diverged from a peat-bog species. The former would have given rise to a number of

wood-colonizing saprophytic or parasitic species while the latter, confined in the particular

environment of the peat-bogs, would have remained more or less stable.

The caryological cycle and reproduction system are other original traits of the

species. Armillaria ectypa is certainly homothallic. The fruiting capacities of single-spore

isolates (Guillaumin, 1973), absence of mating reactions, morphological identity between

single-spore mycelia and isolates from the context of the basidiome, were good arguments

which are strengthened by the demonstration, given by the present study, of genetical

identity of the single-spore isolates from the same basidiome. The basidia have regularly

four spores, the basidiospores are uninucleate, a normal meiosis seems to occur in the

basidium (Guillaumin, unpublished). Therefore, the hypothesis of primary homothallism

can be proposed in preference to secondary homothallism or apomixy. The mycelium

would be diploid, as in the other Armillaria species, the basidiospores would be haploid,

and a self-diploidization would take place in the early stages of the growth of the

mycelium, maybe during germination of the basidiospore. However, this self-

diploidization remains completely hypothetical and needs confirmation by cytological

observations of young germinations.

Recent studies have revealed that other Armillaria species have a homothallic

reproduction system:A. mellea ssp. africana, А. mellea ssp. nipponica, the Caribbean

species A. puiggarii Speg. and certain isolates of the African species A. heimii Pegler

(Mohammed & Guillaumin, 1993; Cha & Igarashi, 1995; Abomo-Ndongo et al., 1997).

Except A. mellea ssp. nipponica, these species are tropical. Like A. ectypa, they are

suspected of having a diploid cycle and an early self-diploidization in the mycelium.

However, these taxa differ from A. ectypa by the absence of dikaryons and clamps in the

hymenium. By contrast, A. ectypa is regularly clamped in the subhymenium (Lamoure,

1965; Guillaumin, 1973). By this characteristic, it resembles some heterothallic species

Source : MNHN, Paris

312 А. ZOLCIAK, R.J. BOUTEVILLE ег al.

like A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, A. gallica Marxmiiller & Romagn. or 4. borealis

Marxmiiller & Korhonen, On the other hand, the tropical homothallic species are similar

to an other group of temperate, heterothallic species including A. mellea ssp. mellea and all

the Australian Armillaria species, which all lack clamp connexions in the hymenium. The

origin of these transitory clamped elements is not really understood, even in the context of

heterothallism; they suppose a vegetative haploidization in the young basidiome.

An additional characteristic of A. ectypa is the absence, in this species, of the

phenomenon of intraspecific Somatic Incompatibility (SI): the pairing of isolates from

different geographical origins results in merging of mycelia without any antagonistic

reaction. A. ectypa shares this behaviour with the African, partly homothallic species A.

heimii (Abomo-Ndongo Guillaumin, 1997) but differs from all the tetrapolar, temperate

Armillaria species in which intraspecific SI is a general and very spectacular phenomenon

(Guillaumin er al., 1991). The biological consequence of SI in these tetrapolar species is

the vegetative isolation of the different genotypes or “genets” (Legrand er al., 1996), which

can exchange genes through sexual reproduction, but not through vegetative anastomo-

ses; thus, heterokaryosis is strongly limited in these species. The absence of SI in A. ectypa

could have two explanations: (i) either the species consists of one and the same clone at

least in all the European mountains (the pairing with arctic isolates has not been attemp-

ted yet), (ii) or the different genotypes can exchange nuclei without any obstacle, leading to

general heterokaryosis within the species. The analysis of variability between isolates of

different geographical origins (for instance with the tools of RAPD) should allow a choice

between the two hypotheses.

REFERENCES

ABOMO-NDONGO S. & GUILLAUMIN J.-J, 1997 — Somatic incompatibility among African

Armillaria isolates. European journal of forest pathology, 27: 201-206.

ABOMO-NDONGO S., MOHAMMED C. & GUILLAUMIN J-J., 1997 — Sexual behaviour of

African Armillaria isolates, European journal of forest pathology, 27: 207-224.

BOUTEVILLE R.J., 1991 — Macroflore fongique des Tourbiéres d'Auvergne. Revue des sciences

naturelles d'Auvergne, 56: 85-91.

BRESADOLA J., 1928 — Iconographia mycologica, ТЛУ, Tab.184. Milano.

CHA J. У. & IGARASHI T., 1995 — A note on Armillaria mellea subsp. nipponica subsp. nov. in

Japan. Mycoscience, 36: 143-146.

CHILLALI M, IDDER-IGHILI H., GUILLAUMIN J.J, MOHAMMED С, LUNG-

ESCARMANT В. 4: BOTTON В., 1997 — Variation in the ITS and IGS regions of

ribosomal DNA among the biological species of European Armillaria. Mycological

research (in press).

FAVRE J., 1939 — Champignons rares des hauts-marais jurassiens. Bulletin de la société mycologique

de France, 55: 196-220.

FRIES I., 1838 — Epichrisis Systematis mycologici, Uppsala, 1836-1838.

GUILLAUMIN J.-J, 1973 — Etude du cycle caryologique de deux espèces appartenant au genre

Armillaria, Annales de phytopathologie (abst.), 5 (3): 317.

ашин 1-1, 1977 — Apricot root rot, Armillariella mellea (Vahl). Karst. EPPO Bulletin, 7

(1): 125-135.

GUILLAUMIN J.-J., ANDERSON J.B. & KORHONEN K., 1991 — Life cycle, interfertility and

biological species. In : C.G. SHAW & G.A. KILE, Armillaria root disease, Washington,

U.S.D.A., Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook n° 691: 10-20.

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OCCURRENCE OF ARMILLARIA ЕСТУРА (Fr.) Lamoure 313

GUILLAUMIN J.-J. & BERTHELAY S., 1981 — Détermination spécifique des Armillaires par la

méthode des groupes de compatibilité sexuelle. Spécialisation écologique des espéces

frangaises. Agronomie, | (10): 897-908.

GUILLAUMIN J.-J, MOHAMMED C., LUNG-ESCARMANT B., HOLDENRIEDER O. &

INTINI M., 1990 — Summary of research by the five participants in the EEC funded

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forests of Western Europe (Unpublished report)

HINTIKKA V., 1973— A note on the polarity of Armillaria mellea. Karstenia, 13: 32-39.

KORHONEN K., 1978 — Interfertility and clonal size in the Armillaria mellea complex. Karstenia,

18: 31-42.

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F. Moreau. C.omptes rendus de l'académie des sciences, Paris, 260: 4561-4563.

LEGRAND P., GHAHARI 5. & GUILLAUMIN J-.J., 1996 — Occurrence of genets of Armillaria

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518.

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FRANKLAND J.C., WATLING R. & WHALLEY A.J.S., Aspects of Tropical Mycology,

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l'association francaise pour l'avancement des sciences, 9: 1881.

ROMAGNESI H., 1970. Observations sur les Armillariella (1). Bulletin de la société mycologique de

France, 86 (1): 257-265.

ROMAGNESI H., 1973. Observations sur les Armillariella (П). Bulletin de la société mycologique de

France, 89 (2): 195-206.

WILLIAMS J.G.K., KUBELIK A.R., LIVAK A.J., RAFALSKI J.A. & TINGEY S.V., 1990. DNA

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Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Mycol. 1997, 18 (4): 315-325 315

TAXONOMIC STATUS OF DIDYMIUM LAXIFOLIUM

AND D. RUBEOPUS, INCL. A NEW VARIETY

OF Р. RUBEOPUS (MYXOMYCETES).

G. MORENO, A. CASTILLO, C. ILLANA AND M. LIZARRAGA

Dpto. de Biologia Vegetal (Botanica),

Universidad de Alcalá,

28871 Alcalá de Henares,

Madrid. España.

ABSTRACT — Didymium rubeopus is described, together with the new variety D. rubeopus var.

albocapillitium. It is compared with the similar D. laxifilum, for which a lectotype is proposed. LM

and SEM microphotographs illustrate the more representative characters.

KEY WORDS — Didymium laxifilum, D. rubeopus, D. rubeopus var. albocapillitium, Myxomycetes,

taxonomy.

RESUMEN — Se describe Didymium rubeopus У la nueva variedad D. rubeopus var. albocapillitium.

Se compara con la especie próxima D. laxifilum de la que se propone un lectotipo. Se aportan

microfotografias de М.О. у MEB de sus características morfológicas más representativas.

PALABRA CLAVAS — Didymium laxifilum, D. rubeopus, D. rubeopus var. albocapillitium, Myxo-

mycetes, taxonomy

RÉSUMÉ — On décrit Didymium rubeopus et la nouvelle variété D. rubeopus var. albocapillitium. On

compare avec une espéce proche Didymium laxifilum de laquelle on propose un lectotypus. On

propose des microphotographies au MO et au SEM de leurs caractéristiques morphologiques les plus

représentatives.

MOTS-CLEFS — Didymium laxifilum, D. rubeopus, Р. rubeopus var. albocapillitium, Myxomycetes,

taxonomie.

INTRODUCTION

Didymium laxifilum was described by Gulielma Lister and Joseph Ross (Lister,

1945) from abundant material collected in Epping Forest near the Warren, Loughton

(Sussex, England) on leaves of beech and bramble. The first collection was made by Ross

in February, 1935, who found it to be generally plentiful in Epping Forest and adjacent

Source : MNHN, Paris

316 MORENO et al.

areas in the autumn of 1943. G. Lister and J. Ross also examined further gatherings

collected by Mr. W.D. Graddon near Woodford Wells (in the Waltham Forest district of

North London and ca. 3 km south of the Epping Forest locality). However, despite the

abundance of collected material, no type was indicated with the original diagnosis.

Kowalski (1973), during a visit to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (England),

examined a collection labelled as: Didymium laxifilum G. Lister & Ross, Ross 3501,

Loughton, Epping Forest (Sussex, England). According to Kowalski, this is apparently

the type collection.

In 1993, Mr. JR. García sent us some collections of an apparent Didymium

laxifilum, found on leaves of Quercus ilex, in the Spanish provinces of Badajoz and

Córdoba. With the object of comparing these samples with authentic D. laxifilum we

applied to the Kew Herbarium for loan of the material determined by G. Lister, and, in

particular, the collection 3501 studied for Kowalski, which is proposed for us as the

lectotype.

After comparing the type material of Didymium laxifilum with the Spanish

collections, we decided that both had different characters, which stimulated us to propose

it as a new species for science, The new taxon (D. rubeopus) was validly published in the

Abstracts of 2nd. Intern. Syst. Ecol. Myxomycetes (Moreno & al., 1996). Subsequently,

we were able to study additional material of D. rubeopus from various localities in Spain,

France and Mexico, which we found to be differentiated by their capillitium, which has

lead us to propose a new variety of the latter taxon. Included are the original Latin

diagnoses of Didymium laxifilum and D. rubeopus, which were published injournals which

may be difficult to obtain.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Light microscopy (LM) was made with a Nikon microscope equipped with an

automatic photographic system. Samples for these studies were mounted in Hoyer's

medium. The SEM micrographs have been made with a Zeiss DSM-950 microscope.

Spores samples were rehydrated with concentraded ammonium hydroxyde (28-30%) for

30 min, then dehydrated in aqueous ethanol (70%) for 1-1.5 hrs., afterwards inmersed in

pure acetone for at least 2 hours. Finally, the spores were fixed in formaldehyde dimetila-

cetal followed by critical point drying and sputter-coatting in gold-palladium.

The material of Didymium laxifila and Р. rubeopus, is preserved in the herba-

rium of the Universidad de Alcalá (AH). The lectoype of D. laxifilum is in К.

TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

Didymium laxifilum G. Lister & Ross in G. Lister, Essex Naturalist 27: 164. 1945.

Figs. 1-23.

= Didymium aurantipes Brooks & Kowalski, Mycologia 58: 169-170.

Collections examined. England: Loughton (Epping Forest), on dead leaves, leg.

G. Lister & H.J. Howard, 19.1.1944, n° 3501 (this collection is designated as the LECTO-

TYPE and is deposited in K). Loughton, the Warren 16702. Spain: Badajoz, Azuaga, on

leaves of Quercus ilex, leg. JR. Garcia, 22.1.1992, AH 16429. Badajoz, Peraleda del

Zaucejo, on leaves of Quercus suber, leg. JR. García, 30.1.1994, AH 16725. Córdoba,

Source : MNHN, Paris

DIDYMIUM LAXIFOLIUM AND Р. RUBEOPUS 317

Fuenteobejuna, on leaves of Quercus ilex, leg. J.R. Garcia, 15.1.1994, AH 14966. Malaga,

road Cortes de la Frontera-Alcalà de los Gazules, on leaves of Quercus suber, leg.

A. Ortega, М.Т. Vizoso, E. Gallego, Е Esteve & С. Шапа, 12.X11.1990, AH 13382, 13383

and 13385.

Latin diagnosis. Peridiis sparsis vel subconfluentibus, profunde umbilicatis; stipi-

tibus tenuibus, gilvis vel flavo-gilvis; columella hemispherica, floccis capillitii robustis, laxis,

subsimplicibus vel in reticulo junctis; sporis fuscis, delicate verruculosis, 9-11 ит diam., area

dehiscentiae pallida laeve.

Sporocarps 0.5-1 mm diam., in small groups, subglobose, sometimes joined

together, forming short plasmodiocarps, strongly umbilicate at the base, stipitate or sessile,

whitish in colour. Hypothallus discoid, reddish. Stipe up to 0.5 mm tall, reddish, fibrous

and without calcium carbonate crystals. Peridium simple, membraneous, iridescent, with

abundant deposits of white or yellowish calcareous crystals, irregularly dehiscing. colu-

mella white, hemispherical.

Capillitium consisting of thick filaments (5-8 um diam.) which radiating from

the columella, branching and anastomosing into a three-dimensional net, violaceous

brown to dark brown, hyaline at the ends, with the surface smooth by SEM. Spores

10-13 ут diam., black in mass, very dark purple-brown under the microscope with а pale

zone, spherical, verrucose. By SEM, the spores show an ornamentation formed of warts

which are joined to form short crests completely covering the spore surface.

Didymium rubeopus var. rubeopus С. Moreno, Castillo & Шапа, in Moreno,

Castillo, Шапа & Lizárraga, Abstr. 2nd. Intern. Congr. Syst. Ecol. Myxomycetes: 57. 1996.

Figs. 24-33.

Collections examined. Spain: Córdoba, Fuenteobejuna, on leaves of Quercus

ilex, leg. JR. García, 11.X11.1993, AH 16444 and 16458 (holotype). Badajoz, Peraleda del

Zaucejo, on leaves of Quercus suber, leg. JR. García, 13.X11.1993, AH 15221 and 18505.

Latin diagnosis. Sporangia 0.4-1 mm diam., globulus, umbilicatus, albus vel pallide

griseus; stipes parvus, usque ad 1 mm alt., rufus vel rufo-aurantiacus, crystalli absens.

Peridium fuscus iridiscentibus, crystalli calcari abundantibus exornatus. Columella alba,

globosa. Capillitium fuscus vel obscurus, verus peridium hyalinus ad columella radiantibus,

filiis tenuis, plus minusve parallelis, forse ramificatis, regularis, flexuosis, hic inde incrassatus,

noduli reteque adsens. Sporis 9-11 um. diam.., globosis, atroviolaceis, verrucosis. Plasmo-

dium ignotus.

Sporocarps 0.4-1 mm in diam., stipitate to sometimes sessile, scattered, globose

or subglobose, white or light grey in colour, umbilicate. Short stipe, approximately of

similar height as the sporotheca, reddish or reddish-orange, translucent, longitudinal

wrinkles and without calcium carbonate crystals. Peridium simple, iridiscent, covered with

abundant whitish crystals, irregularly dehiscing. Hypothallus concolorous with the stipe,

forming an extended base. Columella white, globose or hemispherical.

Capillitium formed by delicate, flexuous filaments (2-4 um diam.) of equal width

for their total length, more о less parallel, with some branching, which radiate from the

columella, dark grey, hyaline towards the exterior, and with some globose swelling,

without forming nodules or a well-defined net, with the surface rugose by SEM. Spores

Source : MNHN, Paris

318 MORENO et al.

9-11 pm diam., black in mass, dark brown-violaceous under the microscope, globose,

spiny. By SEM, the spore ornamentation is formed by 0.5 im tall pila, sometimes united,

which homogeneously cover the whole surface. Plasmodium not observed.

Didymium rubeopus var. albocapillitium С. Moreno, Castillo, Шапа & Lizárraga,

var. nov. Figs. 34-40.

Collections examined. Spain: Badajoz, Azuaga, on leaves of Quercus ilex, leg.

JR. García, 1.111.1994, AH 16736. Almería, Turrillas, on leaves of Quercus ilex, leg.

V. González, A. Altés, С. Шапа, 2.XI1.1993, AH 16373, 16375, 16376, 16379 (holotype),

16383 and 16387. Almería, Turrillas, on leaves of Quercus ilex, leg. G. Moreno, A. Altés &

C. Шапа, 25.11.1994, AH 16649.

France: St. Martin de la Brasque, 12.X1.1994, herb. Meyer 15042 (duplo in AH

18391). Roquemaure-Aire autoroute, 22.1.1996, herb. Meyer 16307 (duplo in AH 18392).

Mexico: Baja California, San Antonio de las Minas (near Ensenada), on leaves

of Quercus agrifolia, leg. G, Moreno, 14.111.1990, AH 12634. Baja California, Rancho las

Jacarandas (Сайбп de las Ánimas), on leaves of Sambucus mexicana, leg. M. Lizárraga,

С. Moreno & C. Шапа, 7.11.1993, AH 15982, 15983, 21004 and 21006.

Latin diagnosis. А Didymium rubeopus capillitio ex filis cylindraceis hyalinis vel

albidis compositur differt.

This variety differs from Didymium rubeopus var. rubeopus only by the filaments

of the capillitium, which are from hyaline to whitish. The remaining macro-and micro-

characters and the foliicolous habitat are similar.

Currently, this new variety appears to be more abundant than Didymium rubeo-

pus.

DISCUSSION

Macroscopically, Didymium rubeopus, is similar to D. laxifilum, but the micros-

copical characters are distinct. D. laxifilum has a brown-violaceous to dark brown

capillitium, hyaline at the ends, of thick and rigid filaments (5-8 um diam.), branched and

anastomosed, forming a well defined three-dimensional net and the sporal size are

10-13 um in diam. (not 9-11 um in diam. as described in latin diagnosis). On the contrary,

D. rubeopus var. rubeopus has a brown to dark brown capillitium formed of more fine

filaments (2-4 um diam.), more or less parallel, little branched, flexuous and with little

globose expansion, without forming a characteristic net and spores 9-11 um in diam.

Under SEM, the capillitium of D. /ахі ит has a smooth surface whereas that of

Р. rubeopus has a rugose surface. The spore ornamentation in D. laxifilum is formed by

warts which may sometimes merge to form short crests, and totally cover the spore surface

in a uniform fashion. In Didymium rubeopus the spore ornamentation is formed, accor-

ding to the terminology of Rammeloo (1974), by 0.5 pm tall pila, sometimes united, which

are homogeneously distributed throughout the surface.

Didymium rubeopus var. albocapillitium differs from the var. rubeopus only by its

hyaline to whitish capillitium. This variation in the colour of the capillitium has been

found to be constant in the Spanish, French and Mexican material. The rest of the macro-

and microscopical characters (sporocarp, colour of the stipe, morphology of the capilli-

tium and spore ornamentation) are similar.

Source : MNHN, Paris

DIDYMIUM LAXIFOLIUM AND Р. RUBEOPUS 319

Didymium ovoideum Nann.-Bremek. also has sporocarps with a reddish stipe but

its spores are smaller (6)7-8(9.5) um diam (Nannenga-Bremekamp, 1991). A study of the

spore ornamentation of this species was made by Gaither & Collins (1984),

Didymium megalosporum Berk. & Curt. is a species which has been interpreted in

various ways, and which can be confused with the D. rubeopus but, after having studied

and compared our collections with other exsiccates deposited in American and European

herbaria, including the type, we reached the same conclusion as Ing, who also examined

the type, deposited in Kew and declared “that it is undoubtedly the same as D. eximium”

(Martin & Alexopoulos, 1969). Didymium megalosporum is a foliicolous species which is

different from D. rubeopus by its flat columella, typically yellowish, with the straw-yellow

stipe (Шапа & al., 1997).

Didymium laxifilum is a species only known from France, England, Spain and

the USA (Neubert & al., 1995). It has been collected in Spain on sclerophyllic mediterra-

nean vegetation.

Didymium rubeopus and Р. rubeopus var. albocapillitium are also two abundant

foliicolous taxa on sclerophyllic plants, which may have been confused with the species

preoviously mentioned.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS — This work has been possible through research project DGICYT PB

95-0129 and through a research project included in the “Programa de Соорегасібп con Iberoamérica,

Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Subdirección General de Cooperación International”, Spain. Mr,

M. Lizárraga wishes to express his gratitude to the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología

(CONACYT) of Mexico for granting a fellowship to undertake a Ph.D. thesis on the Myxomycetes

of Baja California.

We also thank Mrs. LA. Pérez and A. Priego who belongs to the Electronic Microscopy

Service of the University of Alcalá de Henares, for taking the photographs in the SEM. Mr. J.R.

Garcia for having sent the material from Badajoz and Córdoba and Mr. J. Т. Palmer for checking the

English text

We also thank to Mr. J. Rejos curator of herbarium AH, and curator of herbarium K for

sending the material of Didymium laxifilum.

Thanks also to Mr. S. Hernandez (Adenex, Extremadura) for his collaboration and his help.

REFERENCES

BROOKS T. E. & KOWALSKI D. T., 1966 — А new species of Didymium from California.

Mycologia 58: 169-173.

GAITHER Т. W. & COLLINS O. R., 1984 — Comparative SEM observations of sporophore

characteristics in three species of Didymium (Myxomycetes, Physarales). Mycologia 76:

650-664,

ILLANA C., MORENO G., CASTILLO А. & GARCIA J. R., 1996 — Myxomycetes de España. IX.

Taxones criticos y raros para Extremadura. Cryptogamie, mycologie (en prensa).

KOWALSKI Р. T., 1973 — Notes on western Myxomycetes. Madroño 22: 151-153

LISTER G., 1945 — A new species of the Mycetozoa, Didymium laxifila б. Lister and Ross. Essex

naturalist 27; 163-164.

MARTIN G. W. & ALEXOPOULOS С. J., 1969 — The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press.

Towa. 561 pp.

MORENO б. CASTILLO С. ШАМА С. & LIZARRAGA М, 1996 — Two new species of

Myxomycetes from Spain. Abstr. 2nd. Intern. Congr. Syst. Ecol. Myxomycetes: 57.

Source : MNHN, Paris

320 MORENO et dl.

NANNENGA-BREMEKAMP N. E., 1991 — A guide to temperate Myxomycetes. Biopress Limited.

Bristol. 409 pp.

NEUBERT H., NOWOTNY W., BAUMANN К. & MARX H., 1995 — Die Myxomyceten. Band 2,

Physarales. Ed. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag. Gomaringen. 368 pp.

RAMMELOO J., 1974 — Structure of the epispore in the Trichiaceae (Trichiales, Myxomycetes) as

seen with the scanning electron microscope. Bulletin de la société royale de botanique de

Belgique. 107: 353-359.

RAMMELOO J., 1975 — Structure of the epispore in the Stemonitales (Myxomycetes) as seen with

the scanning electron microscope. Bulletin du jardin botanique national de Belgique 45:

301-306.

Source : MNHN, Paris

DIDYMIUM LAXIFOLIUM AND Р. RUBEOPUS 321

Figs. 1-11. — Didymium laxifilum (J. Ross 3501, lectotype). 1-3;

spores (LM). 6-7: capillitium (SEM). 8-10: spores (SEM). Il:

(SEM),

letail of the capillitium (LM). 4-5:

letail of the spore ornamentation

Source : MNHN, Paris

Figs. 12-17. — Didymium laxifilum. 12-13: detail del capillitium (J. Ross 3501, lectotype, SEM). 14-15:

detail of the capillitium (AH 13383, SEM) . 16-17: detail of the capillitium (AH 16429, SEM).

Source : MNHN, Paris

Figs, 18-23 — Didymium laxifilum. 18-19: spores (Loughton, the Warren 16702, SEM). 20 — 21

spores (AH 13383, SEM). 22-23: spore and detail of the spore ornamentation (AH 164:

29, SEM).

Source : MNHN, Paris

Figs. 24-33. — Didymium rubeopus var. rubeopus (AH 16458, type). 24-26: detail of the capillitium

(LM). 27-28: spores (LM). 29-31: detail of the capillitium (SEM). 32-33: spores (SEM).

Source : MNHN Paris

DIDYMIUM LAXIFOLIUM AND Р. RUBEOPUS 325

Figs. 34-40. — Didymium rubeopus var. albocapillitium (AH 16379. type). 34-36: detail of the

capillitium (LM). 37: spores (LM). 38: capillitium (SEM). 39: spore (SEM). 40: detail of the spore

ornamentation (SEM).

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Mycol, 1997, 18 (4): 327-331 327

A RARE DIDYMIUM FROM MEXICO

(MYXOMYCETES)

С. MORENO, М. LIZARRAGA & С. ILLANA

Dpto. Biologia Vegetal, Universidad de Alcala, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

ABSTRACT — Three collections of a rare Didymium species were found on decaying desert

vegetation (Agave shawii Engelm. and Yucca sp.) in Baja California, Mexico. A detailed description,

including SEM-micrographs, is given for this new species. Didymium mexicanum is distinguished by

its characteristic spore ornamentation,

KEY WORDS: Baja California, Mexico, Didymium mexicanum, Myxomycetes, scanning electron

microscopy, taxonomy.

RESUME — Trois récoltes d'une espèce rare de Dydimium ont été réalisées sur débris végétaux

(Agave shawii Engelm. and Yucca sp.) dans le désert de Baja California (Mexique). Cette nouvelle

espéce, Dydimium mexicanum, est décrite, aprés observation au microscope électronique a balayage.

Elle se caractérise notamment par l’ornementation des spores,

MOTS-CLEFS — Baja California, Mexique, Dydimium mexicanum, Myxomycètes, microscopie

électronique à balayage, taxonomie.

Only sixteen species of Myxomycetes have been recorded from Baja California

Peninsula (Ogata er al., 1994; Lizarrága et al., 1997a; Moreno et al., 1997; Lizarrága et al.,

1998). Our forays in this area have recorded a rich myxobiota on the vascular flora,

The first photographs are presented here for Didymium mexicanum, a new

species that was published in the abstract volume of the Second International Congress on

the Systematics and Ecology of Myxomycetes celebrated in Madrid in April of 1996

(Lizarraga et al., 1996). This species was collected three times in different localities on

decaying desert vegetation.

Baja California represents mediterranean and desertic areas of interest for

biodiversity in Myxomycetes. These study areas are compared to other similar areas in the

iberian Peninsula. We have observed that species described in California, have appeared in

Europe and this is the case for Didymium clavodecus Whitney, (Lizarraga et al., 1997b).

Didymium subreticulosporum Oltra et al., initially was described in Europe and later found

abundantly in Baja California (Lizarrága et al., 1998).

Source : MNHN, Paris

328 G. MORENO et al

DESCRIPTION

Didymium mexicanum G. Moreno, Lizárraga & Illana, in Lizárraga, G. Moreno, Illana &

Castillo, Abstr. 2nd. Intern. Congr. Syst. Ecol. Myxomycetes: 56. 1996.(Figs.

1-13)

Material studied. Didymium mexicanum. MEXICO: Baja California. Cataviña-Bahía de

los Angeles highway (near Cataviña), on decayed stalk of Agave schawii, 14-II-

1993, б. Moreno, М. Lizarraga and С. Шапа (Holotype AH 18481, Isotype in

herbario Nannenga-Bremekamp n° 17.311). Road to Valle Las Palmas, Rancho

Los Alisos, Tijuana, on decayed stalk of Yucca sp, 13-X1-1994, М. Lizárraga &

E.J. Torres (AH 17100). Road San Vicente-Erendira, cerro Solo, on decayed

stalk of Agave schawii, 15-11-1996, М. Lizárraga (AH 19976).

Material studied of other species. Didymium clavodecus. MEXICO: Baja California.

Tecate-Mexicali highway (Cafiada Verde), on leaves of Quercus agrifolia Nee.,

6-11-1993, M. Lizárraga, С. Moreno and С. Шапа, AH 15927.

Didymium dubium. SPAIN: Guadalajara, on stem of Cortaderia argentea, 24-V1-1992, A.

Castillo, AH 14884.

Etymology. In reference to its discovery on desert vegetation in Mexico.

Sporangia and plasmodiocarps scattered or in small groups; sporangia 0,2-1,5

mm diam., subglobose pulvinate or discoid, sessile or rarely on short stalks; plasmodio-

carps discoid, pulvinate or elongate-depressed, 1 x 3-20mm diam., lightly grooved above;

stalks if present, very short, stout, calcareous, white; hypothallus scanty, pale violet;

peridium single, membranous, iridescent, sprinkled with prismatic and stellate calcareous

crystals, smaller than the spores; dehiscence irregular; columella none; capillitium abun-

dant, threads delicate and free, up to 1 pm wide, sparingly branched, with very few cross

bars, ends forked, pale brown, with some dark rounded or funnel-shaped swellings up to

3 um diam.; spores (13-)14-16(-18) pm in diam., dark purple brown in mass, purple brown

by transmitted light, polygonal in optical section, with strong ridges, bearing warts united

laterally in a reticulum; the spore wall ornamentation as seen by SEM shows vertical

processes that interconnect, without a free space underneath; plasmodium unknown.

The holotype has been deposited in the Herbarium of the Departamento de

Biologia Vegetal (Botanica), Universidad de Alcala de Henares, Spain (AH). The isotype

remains in the private collection of Nannenga Bremekamp in BR.

The fructifications of Didymium mexicanum resemble other members of the

genus that have sessile sporangia and plasmodiocarps with stellate calcareous crystals

sprinkled on the peridium. This species cannot be confused with any of the previously

described species because of its spore morphology.

Didymium mexicanum is perhaps most closely related to Didymium clavodecus

Whitney and D. dubium Rostaf., due to similarly shaped sporangia with scattered crystals.

The spore morphology of D. clavodecus is represented by capitate warts (1-1,5 pm in

length), occasionally fusing into short ridges (Fig. 15) (Whitney, 1979). The fructifications

of D. dubium are similar to those of D. mexicanum, but the capillitium of the former is

more elastic and the spores lack bands or ridges, and the ornamentation is characterized

by fine warts and small delicate ridges which sometimes form a broken reticulum (Fig. 14)

(Nannenga-Bremekamp, 1991).

Source : MNHN, Paris

A RARE DIDYMIUM FROM MEXICO (MYXOMYCETES) 329

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS,

This study was made possible through a research project included in the “Programa de

Cooperación con Iberoamérica, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Subdirección General de Coo-

peración Internacional”, Spain. M. Lizárraga wishes to express his gratitude to the “Consejo

Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)” of México for granting a fellowship to undertake a

Ph.D. thesis on the Myxomycetes of Baja California and Mr. E.J. Torres for his help in the field work.

We wish to express our gratitude to Mrs. Nannenga-Bremekamp and Dr. H.W. Keller for his revision

and scientific comments. We also thank Mr. J.A. Pérez for his invaluable help with the SEM. This

research has been partially supported by the Research Project DGICYT PB 95-0129. This paper was

presented at the Second International Congress on the Systematics and Ecology of Myxomycetes,

Madrid (ICSEM2).

LITERATURE CITED

LIZARRAGA M., MORENO G., ILLANA С. & CASTILLO A., 1996 — Two new species of

Myxomycetes from Mexico. Abstr. 2nd. Intern. Congr. Syst. Ecol. Myxomycetes: 56. Edited

by C. Lado and J.C, Hernández. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 144p.

LIZARRAGA M., MORENO б. & ILLANA C., 1997a — The Myxomycetes from Baja California

(Mexico). I. Mycotaxon 63: 287-300.

LIZÁRRAGA M. ШАМА C., MORENO б. & CASTILLO A., 19976 — Didymium clavodecus

(Myxomycetes) una especie americana nueva para Europa. Cryptogamie, mycologie 18:

87-90.

LIZARRAGA M., ILLANA С. & MORENO G., 1998 — Didymium subreticulosporum (Myxomy-

cetes), a new species for America. Mycotaxon (in press).

MORENO G., LIZÁRRAGA М. & ILLANA С. 1997. — Metatrichia horrida Ing (Myxomycetes),

an African species in the Baja California peninsula (Mexico). Mycotaxon 64: 385-392.

NANNENGA-BREMEKAMPN.E., 1991 — A guide to temperate Myxomycetes. Biopress Limited.

409 pp.

OGATA N., NESTEL D., RICO-GRAY V. & GUZMÁN G., 1994 — Los Myxomycetes citados de

México. Acta botanica méxicana 27: 39-51.

WHITNEY K., 1979 — A new foliicolous Didymium from Northern California. Mycologia 71:

1256-1261.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Figs. 1-9.— Didymium mexicanum, AH 18481, holotype. Fig. 1. Habit, Fig. 2. Sessile sporangia with

calcareous crystals scattered on the peridium. Fig. 3. Photomicrograph of capillitial threads with

pigmented swellings. Figs. 4-6. Optical section of angular spores. Fig. 7. SEM of stellate calcareous

crystals of the peridium. Figs. 8-9. SEM of capillitial threads with swellings. Scale bars: Figs. 1-2 1

mm, Figs. 3-6 = 10 um, Figs. 7-8 = 5 um, Fig. 9 = 1 um

Figs. 1.9. Didymium mexicanum, AH 18481, holotype. Fig. 1. Aspect général, Fig. 2. Sporange

sessile avec cristaux calcaires recouvrant le peridium. Fig. 3. Filaments du capillitium à épaississe-

ments pigmentés. Figs. 4-6. Spores anguleuses. Fig. 7. Cristaux calcaires étoilés du peridium (MEB)

Figs. 8-9. Épaississements des filaments du capilittium (MEB). Echelle: FIGS. 1-2 = 1 mm, Figs. 3-6

= 10 ит, Figs. 7-8 = 5 um, Fig. 9 = 1 ym

MNHN. Paris

Figs. 10-13.— Didymium mexicanum, AH 18481, holotype. Figs. 10-12. SEM of spores. Fig. 13. SEM

of spore surface ornamentation. FIG. 14. Didymium dubium, AH 14884. SEM of spore ornamenta-

tion. Fig. 15. Didymium clavodecus, AH 15927. SEM of spore ornamentation. Scale bars: Figs. 10-12

2 um, FIG. 13 = 1 um, Figs. 14-15 = 2 um

Figs. 10-13. — Didymium mexicanum, AH 18481, holotype. Figs. 10-12. Spores (MEB). Fig. 13.

Ornementation sporale (MEB). FIG. 14. Didymium dubium, АН 14884. Ornementation sporale

(MEB). FIG. 15. Didymium clavodecus, AH 15927. Ornementation sporale (MEB). Echelle: Figs.

10-12 = 2 um, FIG. 13 = 1 um, Figs. 14-15 = 2 pm.

Source - MNHN, Paris

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Mycol. 1997, 18 (4): 333-348 333

OBSERVACIONES ECOLOGICAS Y BIOGEOGRAFICAS

SOBRE LOS HONGOS DEL JARDIN BOTANICO

Y DEL PARQUE ECOLOGICO DE XALAPA,

VERACRUZ, MEXICO

Santiago CHACON y Gastón GUZMAN

Instituto de Ecología, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa, Ver.

91000, MÉXICO

RESUMEN — Se analiza el hábitat, abundancia, fenología y afinidades biogeográficas de 205

especies de hongos, principalmente macromicetos (4 Deuteromycota, 29 Ascomycotina y 172 Basi-

diomycotina) que crecen en el Jardín Botánico y en el Parque Ecológico del Instituto de Ecología de

Xalapa, Veracruz. La vegetación de dicha zona se adscribe al bosque mesófilo de montaña, con

diferentes grados de disturbio.

ABSTRACT — The habitat, abundance, phenology and biogeographical affinities of 205 species of

fungi, mainly macromycetes (4 Deuteromycota, 29 Ascomycotina and 172 Basidiomycotina) from the

Botanical Garden and the Ecological Park of the Ecology Institute of Xalapa, Veracruz, are

discussed. The vegetation of the area is a mesophytic forest type, with different degrees of distur-

bance.

KEY WORDS — Fungi, Ecology and Biogeography, Botanical Garden, Xalapa, Mexico.

RÉSUMÉ — L'habitat, l'abondance, la phénologie et les affinités biogeographiques de 205 espèces de

champignons, principalement des macromycétes (4 Deuteromycota, 29 Ascomycotina et 172 Basi-

diomycotina) du Jardin Botanique et du Parc Ecologique de l'Institut d'Ecologie de Xalapa, Veracruz

sont discutés. La végétation de la région est du type mesophyte à subtropical humide, avec différents

degrés de perturbation.

MOTS CLÉS — Champignons, écologie, biogéographie, Jardin Botanique, Xalapa, Mexique

INTRODUCCIÓN

Son muy pocos los estudios micológicos realizados en los Jardínes Botánicos о.

Parques Nacionales de México y escasos también los confinados al bosque mesófilo de

montafia. Los trabajos de Galindo-Flores (1992) sobre los hongos del Jardín Botánico.

Source : MNHN, Paris

зза 5. CHACON у б. GUZMAN

Tizatlan en Tlaxcala; Cifuentes et al. (1990, 1993) sobre los hongos de Los Azufres en

Michoacán y del Parque Ecológico de Omiltemi en Guerrero; Rodríguez-Scherzer &

Guzman-Davalos (1984) sobre los hongos de las Reservas de la Biósfera de la Michilia y

Mapimi en Durango y el de Heredia (1989) sobre los hongos de la Reserva de la Biósfera

el Cielo en Tamaulipas, son algunas contribuciones afines al tema del presente trabajo. Por

otra parte, referente al bosque mesófilo de montaña de México (también conocido como

bosque subtropical), Chacón & Medel (1993) analizaron los hongos registrados de dicho

bosque en el país y consideraron 594 especies en 103 trabajos y de éstas, 256 se adscriben

al Estado de Veracruz.

En relación con los hongos del bosque mesófilo de montaña del Jardín Botánico

y del Parque Ecológico del Instituto de Ecología y de los alrededores de Xalapa, no existe

ningún estudio específico que los aborde, de no ser un estudio fenológico sobre diez

especies que realizaron los autores recientemente (Chacón & Guzmán, 1995) y de dos

nuevos registros del área (Chacón, 1995). Sin embargo, en varias contribuciones sobre la

micobiota de México se registran numerosas especies de los alrededores de Xalapa, como

son las de Murrill (1908, 1910, 1912, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919 y 1921); Guzmán (1983);

Chacón & Guzmán (1983a, 1983); Pérez-Silva er al. (1983a, 1983b); Guzmán &

Guzman-Davalos (1984); Santillan & Valenzuela (1986); Garcia et al. (1986); Guzman et

al. (1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992); Bandala-Muñoz ег al. (1987); Montoya er al. (1990);

Montoya-Bello ег al. (1987) Anell & Guzmán (1988), Medel & Chacón (1988); Medel et al.

(1989); Villegas & Cifuentes (1988); San Martin & Rogers (1989); Singer et al. (1991) у

Ryvarden & Guzman (1993), Chacón er al. (1995).

AREA DE ESTUDIO

La zona considerada se localiza aproximadamente а І km al SO de la ciudad de

ituada entre las dos carreteras a Coatepec, la antigua у la nueva; comprende

(fig. 1). El terreno es escarpado, pero la altitud varia de entre 1250 а 1300

m y el clima, con base en la estación metereológica de Xalapa (Soto, 1990), es templado

hümedo con lluvias durante todo el ano, de tipo c(fm)l Iw"b(i)g, con temperatura

promedio anual de 18°C y precipitación pluvial total anual de 1490 mm. Las zonas

boscosas del área cubren aproximadamente 15 hás. y se adscriben al bosque mesófilo de

montaña, en donde los arboles de los géneros Liquidambar, Quercus, Carpinus, Prunus y

Platanus son de los más representativos. Dicho bosque se encuentra en más del 70%

perturbado y grandes áreas son cafetales, jardines o zonas fuertemente alteradas.

METODOLOGÍA

Se realizaron más de 150 exploraciones al área de estudio entre 1983 y 1993.

Cerca de 1000 especímenes de hongos fueron recolectados, los cuales se hayan depositados

en la Colección de Hongos del Herbario del Instituto de Ecología. Se estudiaron también

aproximadamente 500 especímenes de la zona, depositados en dicha colección. Las

identificaciones se basaron en observaciones al microscópio óptico a través de prepara-

ciones montadas en KOH al 5%, azul de algodón en lactofenol o solución de Melzer, según

el caso. Las observaciones sobre la ecología de las especies estudiadas, se apoyan en los

trabajos de Kalamees (1980), Guzmán-Dávalos & Guzmán (1979) y Guzmán (1977),

entre otros. De acuerdo a la funcion trofica que tienen las especies, se clasificaron en

Source - MNHN, Paris

fa Xalapa

ша сы

а Соаіерес 7;

ooo CI RE 18

v vv v «Ecológico y vy y y

Nueva 0 100 500m

carretera | mm

а Coatepec Д

Doo] 1 - Instalaciones Instituto de Ecologia

7.7.) AREAS BOSCOSAS 2 - Instalaciones DIF-Municipal

AREAS MUY ^4 7 \ Limite del área de estudio

PERTURBADAS Pu Carreteras

——~__ Caminos

И САЕЕТАГЕ$

MOM Rios

Fig. 1. Situación del área de estudio y distintos tipos de vegetación de la zona.

Fig. 1. Situation of the studied area and the different kinds of vegetation.

Source : MNHN. Paris

336 5. CHACON у б. GUZMAN

saprobiontes, simbiontes (micorrizicas) y para: itas. Las saprobiontes se dividieron a su vez

en humicolas, terrícolas, lignicolas y fimicolas. La selección de los hongos micorrízicos se

hizo de acuerdo con Trappe (1962). Las especies patógenas se agruparon en parásitas de

plantas, de insectos y de otros hongos. La abundancia о escasez se basó en la cantidad de

fructificaciones recolectadas por especie, а través de los últimos diez años de observacio-

nes. Se consideraron escasas las especies que se recolectaron en 10 о menos ocasiones y

abundantes las que presentaron más de 10 recolecciones. El estudio sobre la afinidad

biógeográfica, se basó en las interpretaciones y observaciones de Guzmán (1973, 1977).

RESULTADOS

Se identificaron 205 especies de hongos, de las cuales 4 son Deuteromycota, 29

Ascomycotina y 172 Basidimycotina. De ellas, 20 son nuevos registros para el Estado de

Veracruz y 6 no se conocían para el bosque mesófilo de montaña del país, como se indica

en la tabla 1. Entre las especies más representativas por la abundancia de sus fructifica-

ciones, están Cordyceps entomorrhiza con 57 recolecciones, Amanita virosa con 49, Armil-

laria tabescens con 43, Tylopilus subcellulosus con 42, Russula virescens COn 39, Amanita

gemmata var. gemmata con 36, Tylopilus balloui con 36, Lactarius indigo con 35, Veligaster

nitidum con 32, Oudemansiella canarii con 31 У Auricularia fuscosuccinea, A. cornea y

Schizophyllum commune con alrededor de 30. Especies escasas, con menos de 10 recolec-

ciones son:Chlorociboria aeruginascens, Coltricia perennis, Cordyceps militaris, Conocybe

lactea, Datronia mollis, Ganoderma curtisii, Helvella macropus, Hydnopolyporus fimbriatus

y Laetiporus sulphureus, entre otras (увазе tabla 1).

De acuerdo con la función trófica que tienen los hongos en el bosque, los

saprobiontes son los más abundantes con 119 especies (58% del total); le siguen en

importancia los simbiontes (micorrizicos) con 73 (35.6%) y los parásitos con 13 (6.4%),

como se puede observar en la figura 2. Referente a los hongos saprobiontes, 91 son las

especies lignícolas, 22 las humicolas, 10 las terrícolas y 4 las fimicolas, lo que equivalió al

44.3, 10.7, 4.8 y 1.9%, respectivamente (fig. 3). Cabe señalar que algunas especies presen-

tan más de un tipo de hábitat, como son los casos de Coprinus atramentarius, Hypholoma

subviride, H. aurantiaca, Coprinus disseminatus y las tres especies de Armillaria indicadas

en la tabla 1, que pueden ser terrícolas o lignicolas, terrícolas o humícolas, o saprobiontes

y parásitas, respectivamente. Entre los hongos lignícolas, las familias Polyporaceae con 31

especies y Tricholomataceae con 19, fueron las más representativas. De los poliporáceos

sobresalen por su abundancia Coltricia сіппатотеа, Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum

striatum, Polyporus arcularius, P. tricholoma, Rigidoporus ulmarius y Trametes villosa y

entre los Tricholomataceae, Schizophyllum commune, Pleurotus djamor var. djamor y

Oudemansiella сапагіі fueron los más comunes. Llamó la atención que las especies

humícolas son poco comunes en el área, como son Aseroe rubra, Calostoma cinnabarina,

Clathrus columnatus, Geastrum saccatum, Lepiota atrodisca, L. cristata, Leucoagaricus

rubrotinctus, Mycena chlorinosma, M. pura y Octospora leucoloma, no así Coprinus

disseminatus que es muy abundante al inicio de la temporada de lluvias. Las especies

fimicolas fueron solamente Psilocybe cubensis, Р. coprophila, Podosordaria leporina y

Cyathus stercoreus, lo que indica la poca influencia ganadera en el área y la baja población

de mamíferos silvestres. Especies nitrófilas o subfimicolas son Conocybe lactea, Stropharia

coronilla, Coprinus atramentarius y Panaeolus subbalteatus, las cuales son comunes en los

suelos abonados de los prados. Otras especies comunes en los pastos de los jardines, son las

dos de Vascellum de la tabla 1.

Source : MNHN, Paris

58%

35.6%

ата

6.4%

"€

p |

SAPROBIONTES SIMBIONTES PARASITAS

44.3%

10.7%

4.8%

1.9%

LIGNICOLAS HUMICOLAS TERRICOLAS FIMICOLAS

Figs. 2 y 3. Porcentaje de las especies estudiadas en cuanto a su ecologia, Fig. 2 (arriba): de acuerdo

a la función ecológica. Fig. 3 (abajo): especies saprobiontes en relación con el substrato.

Figs. 2 and 3. Percentage of the species studied in relation to their ecology, Fig. 2 (above): According

to ecological function. Fig. 3 (below): Saprobiont species in relation to the substratum.

Source : MNHN, Paris

338 5. CHACON у б. GUZMAN

Hongos ectomicorrizicos tipicos del bosque mesófilo de montaña y asociados

con Quercus son: Amanita hemibapha, A. virosa, Tylopilus balloui, Т. subcellulosus, Russula

mephitica, R. virescens, Lactarius indigo у Veligaster nitidum. Especies micorrizicas carac-

teristicas del Pinetum del jardin, formado por especies introducidas, de pinos, son:Can-

tharellus cibarius, Lactarius deliciosus, Russula brevipes, R. nigricans, Scleroderma areola-

tum, Suillus americanus, S. brevipes, S. truncatus y Xerocomus chrysenteron, entre otras.

Los hongos patógenos parásitos en hongos son Sepedonium ampullosporum у S. chrysos-

permum sobre fructificaciones de Amanita, Lactarius, Russula y diversas especies de

Boletaceos. Hongos parasitos de insectos son Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Cordyceps

entomorrhiza y C. militaris. Por otra parte, ‘Armillaria mellea, A. polymyces, A. tabescens e

Hydnopolyporus fimbriatus son parásitos de raíces de diversos arboles, de las cuales A.

polymyces y A. tabescens resultaron ser las más comunes, tanto en arboles silvestres como

en introducidos, entre éstos ültimos en Eucalyptus, Coffea, Psidium y varias especies de

Citrus.

Referente a la fenología de las especies, todos los hongos del área crecen

preferentemente en los meses más humedos del afio, que son los de julio a septiembre,

como ocurre con la mayoría de los hongos en el país (Guzmán 1977). Sin embargo, se

observó que hay especies que se desarrollan durante casi todo el айо, como son las de

Auricularia, Pleurotus djamor var. djamor, Panaeolus subbalteatus, Conocybe lactea,

Coprinus disseminatus, Leucocoprinus flos-sulfuris, Armillaria polymyces, A. tabescens y

Veligaster nitidum. Otras especies como Russula virescens y Amanita virosa inician su

fructificación en los meses de abril y mayo. Oudemansiella canarii y Cordyceps entomor-

rhiza se consideran especies tardías por desarrollarse hasta los meses de octubre а

noviembre. Chacón & Guzmán (1995) estudiaron la fenología de 10 especies comunes en

el área, tales como Oudemansiella canarii, Veligaster nitidum (como Sc ‘leroderma tenerum),

Lactarius indigo, Tylopilus balloui, T. subcellulosus, Amanita gemmata var. gemmata, A.

virosa, Russula virescens, Armillaria tabescens y Cordyceps entomorrhiza, anotando que

todas crecen entre junio a octubre, excepto Т. balloui que no se encontró en agosto; algunas

especies extienden su desarrollo hasta noviembre o diciembre y otras inician su fructifica-

ción en abril o mayo, pero Veligaster y Armillaria crecen casi todo el або. En general en el

mes de agosto disminuyen las fructificaciones en todas las especies, debido a escasez de las

Iluvias y a un ligero aumento de la temperatura, como ha sido observado por Guzman

(1983); Guzman et al. (1988) en otros hongos en el pais y por Chacón & Guzmán (1995) en

los hongos del area.

En relación con las afinidades biogeográficas de los hongos estudiados, se

observó que solo una especie, Pleurotus smithii, que se encontró parasitando Psidium

guajava L., “guayabo”, es aparentemente de afinidad austral (Guzmán e al., 1991); 76

(37%) tienen afinidad boreal, 49 (23.9%) tropical, 63 (30.7%) son comunes en el bosque

mesófilo de montaña y 16 (7.8%) presentan amplia distribución, como se puede ver en la

figura 4. Entre estas últimas están Cordyceps militaris, Dacryopinax elegans, Stereum

fasciatum, Ganoderma curtisii, б. lucidum, Xeromphalina tenuipes, Panaeolus subbalteatus,

Psilocybe coprophila, Geastrum saccatum, Cyathus olla у С. stercoreus. Interesante es

observar que la mayoria de los hongos lignicolas del area de estudio, tienen afinidad

tropical como son las especies de Auricularia, Trametes villosa, Pycnoporus sanguineus,

Hexagonia hydnoides, Coriolopsis polyzona, Lentinus crinitus, Oudemansiella canarii y

Schizophyllum commune, entre otros, lo que demuestra la influencia tropical en el bosque

mesófilo de montaña. En contraste con ello, está la presencia de Chlorociboria aeruginas-

cens que es típica de los bosques de coníferas del país (Guzmán 1977; Valenzuela 1990). Es

importante aclarar, que en el computo de las especies con afinidad boreal, se tomaron

Source : MNHN. Paris

OBSERVACIONES ECOLOGICAS У BIOGEOGRAFICAS 339

am—omvem

= 2 Рашит 7

Boreales BM Tropicales AD AA

BM = Típicas de bosque mesófilo AD * Amplia distribución

AA * Afinidad austral

Fig. 4. Afinidad biogeográfica de los hongos estudiados (número de especies)

Fig. 4. Biogeografical affinity of the fungi studied (species number)

aquéllas introducidas en el Pinetum del Jardin Botánico o bajo pinos dispersos en otras

áreas del Parque Ecológico; dichas especies son Gloeophyllum saepiarum, Cantharellus

cibarius, Neolentinus lepideus, Xerocomus chrysenteron, Lactarius deliciosus, L. vellereus,

Russula brevipes, К. nigricans, Lycoperdon perlatum, Pisolithus arrhizus, Scleroderma

areolatum y las 3 especies de Suillus citadas en la tabla 1. En el género Hypholoma, es

interesante observar que en el bosque mesófilo de montaña las especies más abundantes

son Н. subviride y Н. aurantiacum, mientras que en el Pinetum predomina Н. fasciculare.

CONCLUSIONES Y DISCUSIÓN

El área de estudio tiene una rica micobiota, por ahora representada por 205

especies, de las cuales únicamente 63 son típicas del bosque mesófilo de montaña. La

situación geográfica del área (latitudinal y altitudinal) y su clima templado humedo, como

en otras zonas del bosque mesófilo de montaña en el país, favorece el desarrollo simul-

táneo de especies con distribución boreal y tropical (Chacón & Medel, 1993) y de ahi el

termino de bosque subtropical aplicado a dicha formación (Guzmán, 1977). El 37% de los

hongos con afinidad boreal, incluyendo los introducidos en las plantaciones de pinos,

resulta comparable con los datos obtenidos por Díaz-Barriga et al. (1988) para el bosque

Source : ММНМ Paris

340 5. CHACON у б. GUZMAN

mesófilo de montaña de Michoacán, mas по así para el de Tamaulipas en donde la

presencia de especies con afinidad tropical es mayor según las observaciones de Heredia

(1989, 1994). La abundancia de hongos saprobios en el area, con màs del 50%, demuestra

la riqueza de materia organica y la importancia de dichos organismos en la estabilidad del

ecosistema. Es interesante observar que especies frecuentes en zonas de alto disturbio y

observadas en la region de Xalapa por uno de los autores (Guzman) у por Guzman &

Guzmán-Dávalos (1984) como son Tricholoma pachymeres (Berk. & Br.) Sacc., Bolbitius

vitellinus (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., Panaeolus antillarum (Fr.) Dennis, Р foenisecii (Per: т.) Kühn.,

Psilocybe caerulescens Murrill, у Coprinus comatus (Müller: Fr.) Gray, no fueron encon-

tradas en el Area de estudio, lo que pone de manifiesto la irregularidad en la fructificación

de los hongos, la cual está supeditada a varios factores y sigue determinados períodos no

estudiados todavía (Guzmán, 1994).

AGRADECIMIENTOS — Los autores reconocen al CONACyT (parte de los Proyectos

P220CCOR-892160 у 1810-N9211) por el apoyo otorgado a la presente investigacion. A la М. еп C.

Rosario Medel del Instituto de Ecología, se le agradecen sus comentarios y sugerencias. El técnico

Fidel Tapia, también del Instituto de Ecología, colaboró significativamente en el inventario del

material herborizado y en algunas observaciones al microscopio. A la Dra. Isabel Baroa se le agradece

por la escritura del resumen en Francés, Ma. Eugenia Ramírez y Juan Lara ambos del Instituto de

Ecología se les agradece por el apoyo logístico brindado.

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OBSERVACIONES ECOLOGICAS У BIOGEOGRAFICAS

Tabla 1. Hongos estudiados y datos sobre su abundancia, habitat y distribucion

343

DEUTEROMYCOTA

Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith

Sepedonium ampullosporum Damon

S. chrysospermum (Bull.) Link: Fr.

Stilbella cinnabarina (Mont.) Wollenweber

ASCOMYCOTINA

CLAVICIPITALES

Cordyceps entomorrhiza (Dicks: Fr.) Link

C. militaris (Ehrh.: Fr.) Link

SPHAERIALES

Daldinia concentrica (Bolt.: Fr.) Ces. & De Not.

D. loculata (Lév.) Sacc.

Penzigia conostoma (Mont.) JH. Mill.

P. enteroleuca (Speg.) Sacc.

Phyllacia poculiformis (Mont.) Mont.

Podosordaria leporina (Ellis & Everh.) Dennis

Xylaria cubensis (Mont.) Fr.

X. fockei (Miq.) Cooke

X. hypoxylon (L.: Fr.) Grev.

X. longipes Nitschke

X. persicaria (Schwein.: Fr.) Berk. & М.А. Curtis

X. polymorpha (Pers.: Fr.) Grev.

HYPOCREALES

= Hypomyces luteovirens (Ет: Fr.) Tul.

Nectria cinnabarina (Tode: Fr.) Fr.

N pseudotricha (Berk. & М.А. Curtis) Seeler

PEZIZALES

Helvella macropus var. brevis Peck

Н. macropus (Pers.: Fr.) Р. Karst. var, macropus

Н. pezizoides Afz.: Fr.

Octospora leucoloma (Hedw.: Fr.) Hedw.

21:05

2, 10, 12

2, 5,8, 13

1,11, 14

2, 11, 15

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OERGGGGUGEREUUDU

1 Abundante (más de 10 colectas) 11 Parásito de insectos

2 Escaso (menos de 10 colectas) 12 Afinidad boreal

3 Fimicola 13 Afinidad tropical

4 Humícola 14 Típico de bosque mesófilo

5 Lignicola 15 Amplia distribución

6 Terricola 16 Afinidad austral

7 Micorrízico 17 Especies boreales introducidas

8 Saprobionte ^ Nuevos registros para el

9 Parásito de plantas bosque mesófilo de montaña

10 Parásito de otros hongos W Nuevos registros para Veracruz

Source : MNHN. Paris

зад S. CHACON у G. GUZMÁN

HELOTIALES

Chlorociboria aeruginascens (Nyl.) Kanouse ex C.S.

Ramamurthi, Korf & L. В. Batra 245/8412

Dicephalospora rufocornea (Berk. & Broome)

Spooner

Helotium lobatum Rich.

Lachnellula subtilisima (Cooke) Dennis

Lachnum abnormis (Mont.) Haines & Dumont

L. cyphelloides (Pat.) Haines & Dumont

1. sclerotii (A.L. Smith) Haines & Dumont

Pocillum cesati (Mont.) De Not.

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BASIDIOMYCOTINA

AURICULARIALES

Auricularia cornea (Ehenb.: Fr.) Ehrenb. ex. Endl. 1,5,8,13

A. delicata (Fr.) Henn. 2,8, 12

А. fuscosuccinea (Mont. Farl. 1, 5, 8, 13

TREMELLALES

Dacryopinax elegans (Berk. & М.А. Curtis) G.W. Martin 1,5, 8, 15

D. spathularia (Schwein.) G.W. Martin 155,8, 15

= Tremella fuciformis Berk. 2, 5,8, 15

T. lutescens Fr: Fr. 2, 5,8, 15

APHYLLOPHORALES

Thelephoraceae

Cymatoderma caperatum (Berk. & Mont.) Reid 2,5, 8, 14

Peniophora albobadia (Schwein.: Fr.) Воі. 2, 5,8, 14

Stereum fasciatum (Schwein.) Fr. pus

Hydnaceae

Hydnum repandum L.: Fr. east

Stecchericium seriatum (Lloyd) Maas Geest. 2, 5, 8, 14

Clavariaceae

" Clavicorona pyxidata (Pers.: Fr.) Doty ;

Clavulina amethystina (Holmskj.: Fr.) Donk bu

= С vermicularis Sw.: Fr.

Ramaria botrytis (Pers.: Fr.) Ricken

R. subbotrytis (Coker) Corner

[OG

Asa

ESSER

Cantharellaceae

Cantharellus cinnabarinus (Schwein) Schwein.

С cibarius (Ег: Fr.) Fr.

С concinus Berk.

C. infundibuliformis Fr.

C. minor Pk.

= С tubaeformis Fr.: Fr.

Craterellus cornucopioides var. mediosporus Corner

Pseudocraterellus sinuosus (Fr.) Corner ех Heinem.

ADA

NNRNNNN

FERDEEDD

Source : MNHN. Paris

OBSERVACIONES ECOLOGICAS У BIOGEOGRAFICAS 345

Polyporaceae

Coltricia cinnamomea (Jacq.) Murrill

С perennis (L.: Fr.) Gray

Coriolopsis polyzona (Pers.) Ryvarden

Cyclomyces tabacinus (Mont.) Pat.

Datronia mollis (Sommerf.: Fr.) Donk

Earliella scabrosa (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden

Echinochaete brachyporus (Mont.) Ryvarden

Fomitopsis cajanderi (Р. Karst.) Kotl, & Pouzar

Е carnea (Blume & Ness) Imazeki

Е meliae (Underw.) Gilbn.

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat

G. curtisii (Berk.) Murrill

G. lucidum (Leyss: Fr.) P. Karst.

G. recinaceum Boud.

Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Fr.) P. Karst.

G. striatum (Swartz: Fr.) Murrill

Hexagonia hirta (Beauv.: Fr.) Fr.

H. hydnoides (Fr.: Swartz) M. Fidalgo

Hydnopolyporus fimbriatus (Fr.) Reid

Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill

Lenzites betulinus (L.: Fr.) Fr.

Nigroporus vinosus (Berk.) Murrill

= Oligoporus caesius (Schrad.: Fr.) Gilb. & Ryvarden

Phellinus gilvus (Schwein.: Fr.) Pat.

Polyporus arcularius Batsch: Fr.

P. tricholoma Mont.

Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.: Fr.) Murrill

Rigidoporus ulmarius (J. Sowerby: Fr.) Imazeki

Trametes maxima (Mont.) David & Rajchenb.

Т. versicolor (L.: Fr.) Lloyd

T. villosa (Sw.: Fr.) Kreisel

Trichaptum biformis (Fr.) Ryvarden

Tyromyces galactinus (Berk.) Lowe

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AGARICALES

Hygrophoraceae

Hygrocybe laeta (Pers.: Fr.) Р. Kumm.

Hygrocybe cantharellus (Fr.) Murrill

Tricholomataceae

Armillaria mellea (Vahl.: Fr.) Р. Kumm.

A. polymyces (Pers.) Singer & Clèmençon

A. tabescens (Scop.: Fr.) Singer

= Campanella merulina (Pers) Singer

С elongatispora Singer

Clitocybe gibba (Pers.: Fr.) Р. Kumm.

Collybia dryophila (Bull.: Fr.) Р. Kumm.

C. iocephala (Berk. & Curtis) Singer

Dictyopanus pusillus var. rhipidium (Berk.) Singer

SIE Pata

A EA EA:

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SRRIFRERE

ven

Source : MNHN, Paris

346

5. CHACON у б. GUZMAN

Hohenbuehelia petaloides (Bull.: Fr.) Schulzer

Laccaria amethystina (Bolton.) Murrill

L laccata (Scop.: Fr.) Berk & Broome

Lentinus boryanus (Berk. & Mont.) Singer

L. crinitus (Linn: Fr.) Fr.

L. levis (Berk. & Curtis) Murrill

Lepista nuda (Bull.: Fr.) Cooke

Marasmius cohaerens (Pers.: Fr.) Cooke & Bres.

Мусепа chlorinosma Singer

M. pura (Pers.: Fr.)

Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.: Fr.) Redhead & Ginns

Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Hohn.

O. radicata (Rehl.: Fr.) Singer

Pleurotus djamor (Rumph.: Fr.) Boedijn var. djamor

P. djamor var. roseus Corner

P. smithii Guzmán

Schizophyllum commune Fr.: Er.

SS. fasciatum Pat.

Tricholoma flavovirens (Pers.: Fr.) S. Lundell

Tricholomopsis platyphylla (Pers.: Fr.) Singer

Xeromphalina tenuipes (Schwein.) А. Н. Sm.

Amanitaceae

Amanita annulatovaginata Beeli

A. flavoconia G.F. Atk.

A, fulva (SchaefT.: Fr.) Fr.

A. gemmata (Fr.) Bertillon var. gemmata

A. hemibapha (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.

А. rubescens (Pers.: Fr.) Gray

A. vaginata (Bull.: Fr.) Vittad.

A. virosa (Lam.) Bertillon

Agaricaceae

Agaricus placomyces Peck

A. volvatulus R. Heim & Goss. Font.

Lepiota atrodisca Zeller

1. cristata (Bolt.: Fr.) P. Kumm.

Leucoagaricus meleagris (J. Sowerby) Singer

L. rubrotincta (Peck) Singer

Leucocoprinus flos-sulfuris (Schniz.) Cejp

Coprinaceae

Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.: Fr.) Fr.

С. disseminatus (Pers.: Fr.) Gray

Panaeolus subbalteatus (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.

Bolbitiaceae

Conocybe lactea (Lange) Métrod

Strophariaceae

Hypholoma aurantiacum (Cooke) Faus ex Krieglsteiner

Н. fasciculare (Huds.: Fr.) Р. Kumm.

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Source : MNHN. Paris

OBSERVACIONES ECOLOGICAS У BIOGEOGRAFICAS

Н. subviride (Berk. & М.А. Curtis) Dennis

Psilocybe coprophila (Bull.: Fr.) Р. Kumm.

P cubensis (Earle) Singer

Р. zapotecorum К. Heim emend. Guzmán

Stropharia coronilla (Bull.: Fr.) Quél.

Cortinariaceae

Cortinarius caerulescens (Schaeff.) Fr.

Crepidotus mollis (Schaefl.: Fr.) Staude

С uber (Berk. & М.А. Curtis) Sacc.

Inocybe hystrix (Fr.) P. Karst.

1. jalapensis (Murrill) Singer

Entolomataceae

Entoloma murraii (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc.

Boletaceae

Austroboletus subflavidus (Murrill) Wolfe

Boletellus ananas (M.A. Curtis) Murrill

Boletus erythropus Pers.

Gyroporus castaneus (Bull.: Fr.) Quél.

Porphyrellus cf. porphyrosporus (Fr. in Hök) JE. Gilbert

Pulveroboletus auriporus (Peck) Singer

P caespitosus (Peck) Singer

Strobilomyces floccopus (Vahl: Fr.) Р. Karst

Suillus americanus (Peck) Snell

S. brevipes (Peck) Kuntze

5. truncatus Singer, Snell & Dick

Tylopilus balloui (Peck) Singer

T. subcellulosus Singer, Garcia & Gómez

T. tabacinus (Peck) Singer

Xerocomus chrysenteron (Bull.) Quél.

X. illudens (Peck) Singer

X. truncatus Singer, Snell & Dick

Russulaceae

Lactarius chrysorheus Fr.

L. deliciosus (L.: Fr.) Gray

L. indigo (Schwein.) Fr.

L. volemus (Fr: Fr.) Fr.

1. vellereus (Fr.) Fr.

Russula brevipes Peck

R. lepida (Fr.: Fr.) Fr.

R. lutea Huds. ex Gray

R. foetens Pers.: Fr.

R. mephitica Pegler

R. nigricans Bull.: Fr.

R. virescens (Schaeff.) Fr.

GASTEROMYCETES

Clathraceae

Aseroe rubra Labill.

347

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SOS 9 qM — RSS

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SUS SA

BUIESSSSHSEGS

FNN HN

2,4, 8, 14

Source : MNHN. Paris

348

5. CHACON у б. GUZMAN

Blumenavia rhacodes A. Möller

Clathrus columnatus Bosc

Calostomataceae

Calostoma cinnabarina Desv.

Lycoperdaceae

Bovista fusca Lév.

Calvatia cyathiformis (Bose) Morgan

Lycoperdon perlatum Pers.: Pers.

L. umbrinum Pers.: Pers.

Vascellum intermedium А.Н. Sm.

V. pratense (Pers.: Pers.) Kreisel

Geastraceae

Geastrum saccatum (Fr.) E. Fisch.

G triplex Jungh.

SCLERODERMATALES

Sclerodermataceae

Pisolithus arhizus (Pers.) Rauschert.

Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb.

$. cepa Pers.: Pers.

S. citrinum Pers.: Pers.

S. verrucosum (Bull.: Pers.) Pers.

Veligaster nitidum (Berk.) Guzman & Tapia

Nidulariaceae

Cyathus olla (Batsch: Pers.) Pers.

С stercoreus (Schwein.) De Toni

С striatus (Huds.: Pers.) Willd.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Mycol. 1997, 18 (4): 349-353 349

STUDI SULLE BOLBITIACEAE DELLA SARDEGNA

1 — TRE NUOVE SPECIE NEI GENERI

AGROCYBE E PHOLIOTINA

Marco CONTU

via Valsesia, 22 I — 07029 Tempio P., Sardegna, Italia

ABSTRACT — Three new species in family Bolbitiaceae are described from Sardinia: Agrocybe

cyanescens,spec. nov., close to A. pusiola, Pholiotina galerinoides,spec. nov., belonging with the

section Piliferae is closed to Р aberrans and P. veregregia spec. nov. is close to Р. coprophila.

KEY WORDS — Basidiomycotina; Agaromycetideae; Bolbitiaceae; Agrocybe; Pholiotina; Sardinia

RESUME - Trois nouvelles espéces de Іа Sardaigne sont décrites dans les Bolbitiaceae : Agrocybe

cyanescens, proche de А. pusiola, Pholiotina galerinoides, de la secion Piliferae, proche de P aberrans

et Р veregregia, voisine de P. coprophila.

MOTS CLÉS — Basidiomycotina; Agaricomycetidae; Bolbitiaceae, Agrocybe, Pholiotina, Sardaigne.

INTRODUZIONE

Nel corso di ricerche, intraprese ormai da tempo, sulla flora micologica della

Sardegna, ho avuto occasione di studiare tre nuove specie di Bolbitiaceae la cui descrizione

costituisce l'oggetto della presente comunicazione.

Il materiale d'erbario di tutte le entità si trova attualmente depositado nell' Erba-

rio dell'Istituto ed Orto Botanico dell'Università di Cagliari (CAG).

La descrzione adottata è quella di M. Bon (1992) e Singer (1986).

1— Agrocybe Fayod

Dopo la pubblicazione dello studio di Ballero & Contu (1990) sull'ecologia e la

diffusione del genere nell’isola lo stato delle conoscenze sullo stesso può ritenersi soddis-

facente, tenuto anche conto che alle 15 specie ivi citate vanno aggiunte la nuova A.

metuloidaephora, da ascrivere (forse provvisoriamente!) alla sect. Microsporae Sing. (Bal-

lero & Contu, 1991: 151-153) ed altre specie, fra le quali diverse di origine americana.

Source : MNHN, Paris

350 М. CONTU

Le ricerche condotte in vista di uno studio floristico-tassonomico (di imminente

completamento e pubblicazione) hanno portato all’individuazione della seguente nuova

entità, appartenente al complesso facente capo ad A. pusiola (Fr.) Heim (= pusilla).

Agrocybe cyanescens Contu spec. nov.

Pileus 0.5-1.5 ст latus, semiglobosus, siccus, Паца hygrophanus, extriatus, flavo-

citrinusi. Lamellae subconfertae, adnatae, brunneo-tabacinae, acies albida. Stipes 1.8-3.6 х

0.05-0.1 cm, cylindraceus, fibrilloso-striolatus, evelatus. Caro parce conspicua, pallida,

typice tactu intus extusque cyanescens; odor saporque debiles, raphanacei.

Sporarum pulvis brunneo-tabacina.

Sporae 7-9 x 4.5-6 um, haud obscurae, ellipsoideae vel obovatae, crassotunicatae,

haud poratae. Basidia 15-22 х 6-7 um, tetraspora. Pleurocystidia 45-75 х 10-15 x 4.5-

6.7 um, numerosa, lageniformia vel fusiformia, tenuitunicata, haud incrustata. Cheilocysti-

dia plurocystidia simillima; paracystidia frequentia, clavata, 9-19 um lata, tenuitunicata,

haud incrustata. Pilei cutis hymeniformis, ex cellulis clavatis 9-15 um latis constituta,

pigmento intracellularis, in subcute intraparietalis. Dermatocystidia atque caulocystia nulla

vel rariora. Fibulae numerosae.

Hab. — solitaria in herbidis locis vel in fruticibus dunensis. Autumno. Rara. Typus:

Italia, Sardinia, prov. Cagliari, Serramanna, 13.ХІ. 1993, leg. P. Dessì, M.Contu C50

(CAG!).

Cappello 0.5-1.5 cm, poco carnoso, convesso-emisferico, raramente con margine

revoluto, non umbonato, secco, non striato, giallo-ocra pallido, citrino o francamente

giallo-tuorlo, margine senza resti di velo. Lamelle sottili e relativamente strette, media-

mente fitte, adnato-annesse, bruno-tabacco chiare, taglio bianco. Gambo 1.8-3.6 x 0.05-

0.1 cm, cilindrico a base un poco ingrossata, non bulboso, senza sclerozio basale, longi-

tudinalmente fibrilloso-striolato, concolore al cappello, senza resti di velo; micelio bianco.

Carne poco consistente, fragile, pallidamente giallastra, tipicamente virante al blu-verde

al tocco nelle superfici esterne ed interne (talvolta tale viraggio è visibile solo nella meta

inferiore del gambo 1); odore e sapore leggeri, lievemente rafanoidi o di patata. Probabil-

mente non commestibile.

Sporata bruno-tabacco.

Spore 7-9 x 4.5-6 ит, non scure, ellissoidi o ellisso-ovoidi, a parete mediamente

spessa, senza poro apicale. Basidi 15-22 x 6-7 um, tetrasporici, clavati; subimenio

cellulare-poligonale. Trama dell’imenoforo parallela. Pleurocistidi 45-75 x 10-15 um,

frequenti, lageniformi o subfusiformi, a parete sottile o solo leggermente spessa, non

incrostati, collo largo 4.5-6.7 um, sovente substrangolato e ca pitulato. Cellule marginali:

a) cheilocistidi simili ai pleurocistidi in forma e dimensioni, frequenti, b) paracistidi

clavati, sferopeduncolati e con tutte le forme di transizione verso i cheilocistidi, larghi 9-15

(19) um. Rivestimento pileico formato da un imeniderma non gelatinoso di ife clavate,

larghe 9-15 um, con pigmento intracellulare; ife della subcutis cilindriche ed intrecciate,

con pigmento intraparietale. Giunti a fibbia frequenti ovunque.

Hab. — solitaria in località erbose, sovente in terreni sabbiosi e/o a forte

influenza antropica. Autunno. Rara.

Materiale esaminato: — Italia, Sardegna, prov. Cagliari, Serramanna,

13.11.1993, leg. P. Dessì, M. Contu C50 (typus, CAG!); — ditto, prov. Cagliari, Villasi-

mius, 26.11.1991, leg. M. Contu; — ditt, prov. Cagliari, Chia, 24.10.1993, leg. М. Contu,

M. Contu 92/81,

Source : MNHN, Paris

STUDI SULLE BOLBITIACEAE DELLA SARDEGNA 351

Osservazioni — A causa delle spore prive di poro germinativo questa entità

appartiene al subgen. Aporus Sing. e, per l'imenio pleurocistidiato e l'assenza di velo trova

posto nella sezione Evelutae Sing. Essa somiglia soprattutto all’europea A. pusiola (Fr.)

Heim (= pusilla), molto comune in Sardegna, dalla quale differisce non solo per il viraggio

al blu-verde delle superfici esterne ed interne del carpoforo ma anche per il fatto di

presentare, nel taglio lamellare, accanto ai cheilocistidi pleurocistidioidi lageno-fusiformi,

anche numerosi paracistidi clavati о sferopeduncolati, con tutte le forme di transizione fra

l'un elemento e l'altro, un carattere che ricorda certe specie di Psathyrella e Inocybe.

Il viraggio al blu-verde della carne del carpoforo fresco è circostanza che induce

a ritenere presumibile che, similmente ad altre Bolbitiaceae come Pholiotina cyanopus

(Atk.) Sing., A. cyanescens sia una specie psicotropa.

П - Pholiotina Fayod

Le notizie sulla diffusione del genere in Sardegna sono praticamente nulle, se si

eccettuano alcune brevi segnalazioni del presente autore (Contu, 1993: 59) concernenti

P. brunneae P. striapes. Risultano, tuttavia, nell'Erbario CAG diverse collezioni relative ad

entità ascrivibili a Pholiotina la cui identità permane, allo stato, da confermare. Le due

specie descritte di seguito sono state osservate in diverse occasioni in località della Gallura,

nella Sardegna settentrionale: esse possiedono combinazioni di caratteri affatto originali e

vanno, pertanto, considerate nuove per la scienza.

Pholiotina galerinoides Contu spec. nov.

Pileus 0.2-0.6 cm latus, рагсіззіте carnosus, campanulato-mycenoideus, exumbo-

natus, levis, hygrophanus, pallide ochro-alutaceus, ad medium saepe obuscurior, iove pluvio

omnino striatus, margine sine veli vestigia. Lamellae tenues, strictae, confertae, subliberae,

ochraceae dein pallide subrubiginosae. Stipes 3-4.5 X 0.05-0.1 ст, cylindraceus, levis,

sericeus, pileo concolor vel leviter pallidior, mycelio albo. Caro inscospicua, fragillima,

pallide ochraceo-sericea; odor saporque nulli. Sporarum pulvis ochracea. Sporae 5.2-7.5 x

3.7-4.5 ит, pallide rubiginosae, ellipso-ovoideae, poro apicali parvo praeditae, leves, parie-

tibus incrassatis. Basidia 13.5-18 x 6-9 um, tetraspora, clavata. Pleurocystidia nulla. Chei-

locystidia 22.5-67.5 x 6-12 um, cervix 3-5.2 um lat., fusiformia vel lageniformia, tenuituni-

сага, haud incrustata. Pilei cutis ex cellulis clavatis 13-20 um lat. dermatocystidiisque

lageniformibus vel fusiformibus 46.5-115.5 X 8.2-12 X 3 — 5 um lat. constituta; pigmento

intracellularis. Caulocystidia fraequentia, fusiformia, usuge ad 60 х 12 X 5 um lat. Fibulae

numerosae.

Hab. — inter muscos, in locis montanis, hygrophila. Autumno. Rara. Typus : Italia,

Sardinia, prov. Sassari, Monte Limbara, loc. Vallicciola, 16.9.1995, le.g. M. Contu (CAG!).

Cappello 0.2-0.6 cm, pochis simo carnoso, convesso-micenoide, simile a molte

Galerina, non umbonato, liscio, glabro, igrofano, ocra-alutaceo pallido, più scuro verso il

centro, a tempo umid oi interamente striato per trasparenza, margine senza resti di velo.

Lamelle sottili, strette, fitte, sublibere, ocracee poi pallidamente rugginose, taglio subcon-

colore. Gambo 3-4.5 x 0.05-0.1 cm, cilindrico, liscio, sericeo, concolore al cappello o

leggermente più pallido, micelio bianco. Carne esigua, incospicua, fragilissima, pallida-

mente ocraceo-sericea; odore e sapore nulli.

Sporata fulvo-ruggine pallida.

Source : MNHN, Paris

352 M. CONTU

Spore 5.2-7.5 x 3.7-4.5 um, rugginose, ellisso-ovoidi, con poro apicale ridotto

ma evidente, a parete spessa, lisce. Basidi 13.5-18 x 6-9 um, tetrasporici, clavati; subimenio

confuso, filamentoso. Trama dell'imenoforo parallela. Pleurocistidi assenti. Cheilocistidi

22.5-67.5 x 6-12 um, abbondanti, fusiformi o lageniformi, a collo non strangolato e non

capitulato, largo 3-5.2 um .Rivestimento pileico formato da un imeniderma di cellule

clavate larghe 13-20 um, con pigmento intracellulare; dermatocistidi numerosi, fusiformi,

46.5-111.5 x 8.2-12 x 3-5 um, simili ai cheilocistidi. Caulocistidi frequenti lunghi fino a

60 pm e larghi fino а 12 рт, con collo spesso fino a 5 um, simili ai cheilocistidi. Giunti a

fibbia numerosi.

Hab. — a piccoli gruppi, fra muschi, in località di alta montagna, tipicamente

igrofila. Autunno. Rara.

Materiale studiato: — Italia, Sardegna, prov. Sassari, Monte Limbara, 100m

s.l.m., 16.9.1995, leg. M. Contu (typus, CAG!). Diverse altre raccolte, nel 1995 e nel 1996,

sempre nella stessa località.

Osservazioni — Questa nuova specie deve essere inseritra nella sezione Piliferae

(Kuhn.) Sing. in vicinanza di P. aberrans (Kuhn.) Sing. dalla quale si distingue nettamente

per le spore decisamente pit piccole e l'habitat muscicolo-igrofilo. Fra le rimanenti entità

della sezione una confusione potrebbe essere astrattamente possibile anche con P parvula

(Dossing & Watl.) M. Bon la quale, tuttavia, differisce per la diversa forma dei cistidi

(subcilindrici), le ife prive di giunti a fibbia e l'habitat boschivo.

L'aspetto peculiare potrebbe agevolare confusioni con qualche Galerina della.

sezione Mycenoides (inde nomen!) ma queste specie possiedono, fra l'altro, un rivesti-

mento pileico a struttura filamentosa.

Pholiotina veregregia Contu spec. nov.

Pileus 0.8-2 ст latus, parce carnosus, semiglobosus, exumbonatus, viscidulus,

hygrophanus, lavo-brunneus dein alutaceus, iove pluvio omnino striatus, typice semper pruina

alba obtecto. Lamellae modice confertae, tenues, adnexaea, flavo-ochraceae deinde obscu-

riores, acies concolorata. Stipes 1.3-3.6 X 0.1-0.2 cm, brevis, fragilis, cylindraceus, ad basim

leviter inflatus, siccus, albidus, omnino albo-pruinosus; mycelio basali albo. Caro fragilis,

pallide brunneo-acquosa; odor saporque debiles.

Sporarum pulvis ochro-tabacina.

Sporae 9-12 х 6-8.2 um, ochraceae, ellipsoideae vel obovatae, poro apicali centra-

lis, conspicuo, instructae, crassotunicatate, leves. Basidia 18-30 x 10.5-13.5 um, tetraspora,

clavata. Pleurocystidia nulla. Cheilocystidia 18-45.7 X 7-12 um, cervix 3-7.5 um lat., lage-

niformia, cervix strangulatus, saepe capitulatus, tenuitunicata, haud incrustata. Pilei cutis ex

hyphis clavatis, 9-21 um lat., constituta, pigmento intraparietalis, dermatocystidia nulla vel

rariora. Caulocystidia cheilocystidia simillima sed majora. Fibuale numerosae.

Hab. — in fimo bovino, parce graegaria. Autumno. Rara. Typus : Italia, Sardinia,

prov. Sassari, Tempio P. — Oschiri loc. Balascia, 31.12.1994, leg. M. Contu (САС).

Cappello 0.8-2 cm, poco carnoso, emisferico, non umbonato, a tempo umido

interamente striato per trasparenza e notevolmente viscoso, tipicamente coperto da una

pruina glassosa bianca, igrofano, da giallo-bruno ad alutaceo pallido, senza sfumature

rossastre, margine senza resti di velo. Lamelle sottili, strette, poco fitte, annesse, giallo-

ocracee poi brunastro-rugginose, taglio concolore. Gambo 1.3-3.6 х 0.1-0.2 cm, corto

Source : MNHN, Paris

STUDI SULLE BOLBITIACEAE DELLA SARDEGNA 353

rispetto al diametro del cappello, cilindrico, sovente allargato verso la base, bianco,

interamente fioccoso-pruinoso; micelio bianco. Carne fragile, brunastro-acquosa; odore e

sapore deboli.

Sporata brunastro-ocracea.

Spore 9-12 x 6-8.2 um, ocracee relativamente pallide, ellissoidi о ellisso-ovoidi,

poro apicale netto e centrale, a parete spessa, lisce. Basidi 18-30 х 10.5-13.5 um, tetraspo-

rici, clavati. Subimenio e trama dell’imenoforo banali, senza peculiarità. Pleurocistidi

assenti. Cheilocistidi 18-45.7 х 7-12 рт, lageniformi a collo spesso 3-7.5 um e strangolato,

sovente capitulato, a parete sottile, non incrostati. Rivestimento pileico composto da un

imeniderma di cellule clavate larghe 9-21 um; pigmento intraparietale; dermatocistidi

assenti o molto rari. Caulocistidi frequenti, simili ai cheilocistidi ma più grandi. Giunti a

fibbia abbondanti.

Hab. — su sterco bovino, gregario, specialmente dopo forti pioggie. Autunno.

Rara.

Materiale esaminato: — Italia, Sardegna, prov. Sassari, strada Tempio

P.-Oschiri, loc. Balascia, 31.12.1994, leg. М. Contu (typus, CAG!); — ditto,16.1.1995, leg.

M. Contu.

Osservazioni. — Questa specie è incontestabilmente molto simile а Р coprophila

(Kuhn.) Sing., crescente in habitat similare, ma si differenzia chiaramente per il cappello

nettamente striato, tipicamente coperto da un'abbondante pruina glassosa bianca e,

micromorfologicamente, per le ife munite di giunti a fibbia. Le rimanenti entità del

genenre risultano anche più differenti sia per l'ecologia non fimicola, sia per la presenza di

velo, sia per la micromorfologia (forma e dimensioni delle spore e dei cistidi, etc.).

LETTERATURA CITATA

BALLERO М. & М. CONTU, 1990 — П genere Agrocybe (Basidiomycetes, Agariales) in Sardegna.

Candollea 45: 463-465.

BALLERO М. & М. CONTU, 1991 — Agrocybe metuloidaephora sp. nov. (Agaricales, Basidiomy-

cetes) ed altri basidiomiceti interessanti reperiti nell’Orto Botanico di Cagliari. Webbia 46:

151-157.

BON М., 1976 — Clé monographique des espèces galero-naucorioides. Documents mycologiques,

XXI, 84: 1-89.

CONTU M., 1986 — Funghi della Sardegna: note e descrizioni.I.. Micologia italiana 22(1): 55-60.

SINGER R., 1986 — The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. ІУ ed. Cramer. Koenigstein, 981 pp..

Source : MNHN, Paris

354 М. CONTU

Fig. 1-3. — Agrocybe cyanescens; 1: spore, 2: pleurocystidi, 3: carpofori.

Fig. 4-6. — Pholiotina galerinoides; 4: cistidi, 5: carpofori,

Fig. 7-9. — Pholiotina veregregia; 7: carpofori, 8: cheilocistidi, 9: spore.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Mycol, 1997, 18 (4): 355-359 355

TABLE DU TOME 18

ABDELZAHER Н. М. А., ELNAGHY M. А., FADL-ALLAH E. М. & ZOHRI 5

— Some physical and chemical factors affecting asexual reproduction of three

: 267

AKPAGANA K. — voir BABA-MOUSSA F.

ALABOUVETTE C. — voir STEINBERG C.

AYEDOUN A. — voir BABA-MOUSSA F.

BABA-MOUSSA E, KOUMAGLO К. AYEDOUN A, AKPAGANA K,

MOUDACHIROU M. & BOUCHET P. — Activité tn a d'huiles essen-

LIGUES ехаў ев BU BENNE aU TABO ni Ее 165

BALÀZSY S. — voir REISINGER O.

BENHAMOU N. — voir REY P.

BENOIT-GUYOT J.-L. — voir GUIRAUD P.

BESSIERE J.-M. — voir BREHERET S.

BIDAUD A. — voir ORTEGA A.

BLANCO M. N., CHECA J. & MORENO G. — Nuevos datos sobre Trametes юр

Manjón, Moreno et Ryvarden ........ а а аман 8l

BOIDIN J. & LANQUETIN P. — Répertoire des données utiles pour effectuer les tests

d'intercompatibilité chez les Basidiomycétes. VII — Aphyllo-phorales non porées

(deuxième supplément) ...... P Er 9

BONENFANT-MAGNÉ M. MAGNE C., ESNAULT M.-A. € LEMOINE C.

— Caractérization of cultivated strains of a new edible mushroom: Stropharia

rugoso-annulata. 1. Protein variability ....

BOUCHET P. — voir BABA-MOUSSA F.

BOUTEVILLE R.-J. — voir ZOLCIAK A.

BOTTON B. — voir RICHARD T.

BOTTON B. — voir WIPF D.

BREHERET S., TALOU T., RAPIOR S. & BESSIERE J.-M. — Composés volatils : un outil

pour la chimiotaxonomie des Вазібіопусёсх.................................. ul

BUSCOT Е — voir WIPF D.

Source : MNHN, Paris

356 TABLE DU ТОМЕ 18

CASTILLO A. — voir ILLANA C.

CASTILLO A. — voir LIZARRAGA М.

CASTILLO A. — voir MORENO б.

CASTRO L. — voir LAGO M.

CHABASSE D. — Phénoménes d'adaptation parasitaire des champignons kéra-

tino-philes telluriques et conséquences en pathologie humaine et animale ......... 71

CHACON 5. & GUZMAN G. — Observaciones ecológicas y biogeográficas sobre los

hongos del Jardin Botánico y del parque ecológico de Xalapa, Veracruz, México. ... 333

CHECA J. — voir BLANCO М. N.

CLOVEZ P. — voir WIPF D.

CONTU M. — Studi sulle Bolbitiaceae della Sardegna. 1-Tre nuove specie nei generi

Ае е Раоа O Rn 349

COURTECUISSE R. — Liste Rouge des Ramp menacés de la région Nord-Pas-

Саа а eR EOS Mss

COUTE А. & LAMY D. — Athanase Michel SACCAS 1911-1985 ...................... 1

DECOCK С. & RYVARDEN L. — Phellinus anchienatus (Basidiomycetes, Aphyllo-

phorales) spinon fromuBrazile i. аа T ares 221

EDEL V. — voir STEINBERG C.

ELNAGHY M. A. — voir ABDELZAHER H. M. A.

ESNAULT M.-A. — voir BONENFANT-MAGNE M.

FADL-ALLAH E. M. — voir ABDELZAHER Н. М. А.

GARCIA J. R. — voir ILLANA C.

GUILLAUMIN J.-J. — voir ZOLCIAK A.

GUILLOT J. — voir RICHARD Т.

GUIRAUD P, BENOIT-GUYOT J.-L., STEIMAN R. & TRAN О. К. — Action fongista-

tique et fongicide de six biocides utilisés dans le traite-ment de bois archéologiques

contaminés. 147

GUZMAN G. — voir CHACON S.

HALAMA P. & VAN HALUWYN C. — Activités antifongiques d’extraitslichéniques..... - 169

Source : MNHN, Paris

TABLE DU ТОМЕ 18 357

HOCKENHULL J. — voir REY Р.

ILLANA C., MORENO G., CASTILLO А. & GARCIA J. В. — Myxomycetesde España.

IX. Taxones criticos у raros рага Extramadura ......................... pi 1233.

ILLANA C. — voir LIZARRAGA М

ILLANA C. — voir MORENO б.

KOSCHINSKY S. — voir WIPF D.

KOUMAGLO К. — voir BABA-MOUSSA F.

LAGO M. & CASTRO M. L. — Agaricales lignicolas sobre emai en el NW. de

Варава I b.

LAMY D. — voir COUTÉ A.

LANQUETIN Р. — voir BOIDIN J.

LEMOINE С. — voir BONENFANT-MAGNÉ М.

LIZARRAGA M., ILLANA C., MORENO G. & CASTILLO A. — Didymum clavodecus

(Myxomycetes) una especie americana nueva para Europa. ..................... 87

LIZARRAGA M. — voir MORENO б.

MAGNE С. — voir BONENFANT-MAGNÉ M.

MAHIQUES R. — voir ORTEGA A.

MARVANOVA L. — Cladochasiella divergens gen. et sp. nov. ............... ie 525$

MORENO G., CASTILLO A., ILLANA C. & LIZARRAGA M. — Taxonomic status of

Didymium laxifolium and D. rubeopus, incl. a new varietyof D. rubeopus (Myxo-

IVECO) IR Me nag qe Aor араў А > APE 315

MORENO G., LIZARRAGA M. & ILLANA С. — А rare Didymium from Mexico

(MykOmy е) ЖЕ vie у e NM ЛЛ: oC RE cene n 327

MORENO С. & MORNAND J. — Podaxis saharianus sp. nov. (Podaxales, Gasteromycetes),

especenouyelle du Maroc АЕ. . 247

MORENO G. — voir BLANCO M. N.

MORENO С. — voir ILLANA C.

MORENO G. — voir LIZÁRRAGA M.

MORNAND J. — voir MORENO G.

Source : MNHN. Paris

358 TABLE DU ТОМЕ 18

MOUCHACCA J. — Thermophilic fungi: biodiversity and taxonomic status. ............. 19

MOUCHACCA J. — Francis BUGNICOURT (1907-1991) ............................ 173

MOUDACHIROU M. — voir BABA-MOUSSA F.

MUNCH J.-C. — voir WIPF D.

NICOLAS Р. — voir ZOLCIAK A.

ORTEGA A., BIDAUD A. & MAHIQUES R. — Contribucion al estudio del genero

Cortinarius en España peninsular. II parte... .............................. 227

RAPIOR S. — voir BREHERET S.

REISINGER O. & BALAZSY 5. — Propagules are de Pair et anti de la

pollution industrielle 125

REY P, BENHAMOU N., HOCKENHULL J. & TIRILLY Y. — Intérêt du Pythium

oligandrum dans une perspective de protection intégrée contre Fusarium oxysporum

f. sp. radicis-lycopersici en cultures hors-solde tomate. …........................ 145

RICHARD T., GUILLOT J. & BOTTON В. — Immunological properties of the lectin

isolated from the phytopathogenic basidiomycete Rigidoporus lignosus. ........... 115

ROECKEL-DREVET P. — voir ZOLCIAK A.

RYVARDEN L. — voir DECOCK C.

STEIMAN R. — voir GUIRAUD P.

STEINBERG С., EDEL У. & ALABOUVETTE С. — Róle du mode de formulation sur la

survie et l’activité antagonistique d’agents de lutte biologique contre les fusarioses

de plantes cultivées .......................:.............,...:..ies 139

TALOU Т. — voir BREHERET 5.

TAN C. S. — Preservation of fungi. ................ 157

TIRILLY Y. — voir REY P.

TOURVIEILLE J. — voir ZOLCIAK A.

TRAN Q. K. — voir GUIRAUD P.

VAN HALUWYN C. — voir HALAMA P.

WIPF D., KOSCHINSKY 5., CLOWEZ P., MUNCH J.-C., BOTTON В. &BUSCOT Е.

— Recent advances in ecology and systematics of morels....................... 95

ZOHRI S. — voir ABDELZAHER Н. М. А.

Source : MNHN, Paris

TABLE DU ТОМЕ 18 359

ZOLCIAK A. BOUTEVILLE R.-J, TOURVIEILLE X, ROECKEL-DREVET Р,

NICOLAS Р. & GUILLAUMIN J.-J. — Occurrence of Armillariaectypa (Fr)

Lamoure in peat bogs of the Auvergne — The reproduction system of the species.. 299

Analyses bibliographiques ..…................................................ 279 ; 355

Instructions aux auteurs . .

Source : MNHN. Paris

Commission paritaire 16-4-1986 - N° 58611 - Dépôt légal 4° trimestre 1997 - Imprimerie F. Paillart

Sortie des presses le 31 décembre 1997 - Imprimé en France

Editeur : A.D.A.C. (Association des Amis des Cryptogames)

Président : D. Lamy ; Secrétaire : В. Dennetière

Trésorier : M™ E. Bury ; Directeur de la publication : Н. Causse

Source : MNHN., Paris

Société Francaise de Systématique «m |

La Société Française de Systématique réunit les systématiciens ou les personnes

intéressées par la Systématique et les informe en publiant un Bulletin. Elle convie ses

membres à des colloques annuels transdisciplinaires, au cours desquels les systématiciens

et d'autres scientifiques peuvent s'exprimer et débattre.

Cotisation annuelle: 100F

Demande d'adhésion а adresser au:

Secrétariat de la Société Francaise de Systématique, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris.

CCP 7-367-80 D PARIS

La Société édite aussi la série Biosystema.

Prix TTC du Biosystema (France, Etranger): 150 FF, membre SFS : 100 FF.

Biosystema | - Introduction a la systématique zoologique - (Concepts. Principes, Méthodes) par

L. Matile. Р. Tassy & D. Goujet. 1987.

Biosystema 2 - Systématique Cladistique - Quelques textes fondamentaux. Glossaire. Traduction

et adaptation de D. Goujet, L. Matile, Р. Janvier & J.P. Hugot. 1988

Biosystema 3 - La systématique et l’évolution de Lamarck aux théoriciens modernes. par

S. Lovtrup. 1988.

Biosystema 4 - L'analyse cladistique: problème et solutions heuristiques informatisées, par

М. d’Udekem-Gevers. 1990,

Biosystema 5 - Les introuvables de J.B. Lamarck- Discours d’ouverture du cours de zoologie et

articles du Dictionnaire d'Histoire naturelle. Edition préparée раг D. Goujet. 1990.

Biosystema 6 - Systématique et Ecologie, раг В. Barbault, Cl. Combes, F. Renaud, М. Le Brun

& A. Dubois. Edition coordonnée par J.P. Hugot. 1991.

Biosystema 7 - Systématique et Biogéographie Historique. Textes historiques et

méthodologiques. Traduction et adaptation de P. Janvier, L. Matile & Th. Bourgoin.

1991.

Biosystema 8 - Systématique et Société. Edition coordonnée раг С. Pasteur. 1993.

Biosystema 9 - Les Monocotylédones, par J. Mathez. 1993.

Biosystema 10 - Systématique botanique : problémes actuels. Edition coordonnée par O. Poncy.

1993.

Biosystema 11 - Systématique et Phylogénie: modéles d'évolution biologique. Edition

coordonnée par P. Tassy et H. Leliévre. 1994.

Biosystema 12 - Phylsyst: logiciel de reconstruction phylogénétique, par І. Bichindaritz,

S. Potter & B. Sigwalt +, 1994.

Biosystema 13 - Systématique et Biodiversité. Edition coordonnée par Th. Bourgoin. 1996.

Biosystema 14 - Systématique et Informatique. Edition coordonnée раг J. Lebbe, en préparation.

Le Conseil de la SFS. XII 1995

Source : MNHN, Paris

SOMMAIRE

L. MARVANOVA — Cladochasiella divergens gen. et sp. NOV. .................... 285

М. LAGO & М. 1. CASTRO — Agaricales lignicolas sobre Eucalyptus en el

NR de Hepalla O аа Я 291

A.ZOLCIAK,R.-J. BOUTEVILLE, J. TOURVIEILLE, P. ROECKEL-DREVET,

P. NICOLAS & J-J. GUILLAUMIN — Occurrence of Armillaria

ectypa (Fr.) Lamoure in peat bogs of the Auvergne — The reproduction

System Of the SPECIES Nue EN, dud насе UTE Er 299

G. MORENO, A. CASTILLO, C. ILLANA & M. LIZÁRRAGA — Taxonomic

status of Didymium laxifolium and Р. rubeopus, incl. а new variety

Of D, rubeopus (Myxomycetes) а sav Eae sie Га 315

G. MORENO, M. LIZÁRRAGA & C. ILLANA — A rare Didymium from

Mexico (Myxorüycetes) Ni. цана bere аа Ss DR REB E Cile 327

S. CHACÓN & G. GUZMÁN — Observaciones ecológicas y biogeográficas

sobre los hongos del Jardín Botánico y del perque SOA de Xalapa,

Veracruz, México..

М. CONTU — Studi sulle Bolbitiaceae della Sardegna. 1-Tre nuove specie nei

generi Agrocybe e Pholiotina: а.а ая 349

Analyses bibliographiques е. ана vex repeat sense Cere mn Мае S NDA 355

Table. des quati&resuhi tome TR Saas riti Vo cavea TE PR riore 357

Cryptogamie, Mycol. 1997, 18 (4); 285-360

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