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NATURAL HIST 8URV[

FIELDIANA

Botany

FLORA OF PERU

) COLLABORATORS

ADDITIONS TO TRIBE VERNONIEAE

(COMPOSITAE): I

MICHAEL O. DILLON

Publication

FLORA OF PERU

ADDITIONS TO TRIBE VERNONIEAE

(COMPOSITAE): I

FIELDIANA

Botany

Published by Field Museum of Natural History

New Series, No. 11

FLORA OF PERU

J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE

AND COLLABORATORS

ADDITIONS TO TRIBE VERNONIEAE

(COMPOSITAE): I

MICHAEL O. DILLON

Assistant Curator

Department of Botany

Field Museum of Natural History

Accepted for publication March 31, 1982

September 24, 1982

Publication 1336

Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 80-66384

ISSN 0015-0746

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CONTENTS

Additions to Tribe Vernonieae (Compositae) 1

Pacourina 1

1 . Pacourina edulis 2

Stilpnopappus 2

1 . Stilpnopappus aquaticus 4

Trichospira 4

1. Trichospira verticillata 6

Acknowledgment 7

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Pacourina edulis 3

2. Stilpnopappus aquaticus 5

3. Trichospira verticillata 6

Additions to the Tribe VERNONIEAE (Compositae)

Since the recent treatment of the tribe Vernonieae (Compositae) by Samuel B.

Jones (1980), three genera new to Peru have surfaced from recent collections. All

have previously been reported from adjacent countries (e.g., Brazil), and con-

tinued botanical exploration in poorly known Amazonian Peru will undoubt-

edly yield further additions.

REFERENCE

JONES, SAMUEL B. 1980. Family Compositae: Part I. Tribe Vernonieae. Field Mus. Nat.

Hist., Bot. Ser. 5:22-73.

Pacourina Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 2: 800. 1775. TYPE: P. edulis Aubl.

Pacourinopsis Cass., Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 151. 1817. LECTOTYPE:1 P. dentata Cass.,

nom. illeg. = Pacourina edulis Aubl.

Erect, aquatic herbs; glabrous. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul or decurrent on the

petiole, the blades spinose-dentate to repand-dentate. Inflorescences of solitary capitula

in upper leaf axils or opposite the leaves. Capitula discoid, homogamous; involucres

hemispheric to depressed-globose; phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate, the margins scari-

ous, apically spinulose; receptacles flat, epaleate; florets hermaphroditic, the corollas

white to pale purple, tubular, actinomorphic, the tube slender, basally dilated , the limb

narrow, 5-lobed; anthers basally sagittate, the auricles subobtuse, the terminal append-

ages acute, the style branches linear, subulate, hirtellous. Achenes cylindrical-fusiform,

10-ribbed, glandular; pappus 2-serate, the outer bristles caducous, the inner coroniform

entire or denticulate, caducous.

This genus is monotypic and ranges from the West Indies (Dominican Re-

public) and Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua) to tropical and subtropical

South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina).

This study was assisted by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-78-05078 (Alwyn

H. Gentry, principal investigator).

'Pfeiffer (Nom. 2: 565. 1874) designated Pacourina cirsiifolia H.B.K. (Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 4:

24. ed. fol. 1818) the type, it being the basionym of Pacourinopsis dentata Cass., and also

placed the genus in synonymy under Pacourina.

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

1. Pacourina edulis Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 2: 800. 1775. TYPE: French Guiana,

near Kourou, Aublet s.n. (?BM, not seen).

Pacourina cirsiifolia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 4: 24. ed. fol. 1818. TYPE: Ecuador,

Guayas, "crescit in humidis prope Guayaquil Quitemsium," Humboldt & Bonpland

3839 (P, holotype, not seen, IDC Microfiche 6209. 91: I. 5).

Pacourinopsis dentata Cass., Diet. Sci. Nat. 37: 212. 1825. TYPE: based upon Pacourina

cirsiifolia H. B. K.

Pacourinopsis integrifolia Cass., Diet. Sci. Nat. 37: 212. 1825. TYPE: French Guiana, near

Cayenne, Martin (FI or P, not seen).

Pacourina edulis Aubl. var. spinosissima Britton, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 132. 1893. TYPE:

Paraguay, Asuncion, Morong 224 (NY, holotype, not seen).

Erect, aquatic herbs to 2 m tall; stems unbranched, hollow, striate, 1-3 cm in diameter at

the base. Leaves broadly to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 10-20(-25) cm long, 1-5 cm wide, the

margins subentire or remotely repand-dentate, the teeth spinulose, apically attenuate,

basally narrowed into a broad, petioliform base, 2-3 cm long, asperous and glandular-

punctate above, glabrous and glandular-punctate below. Capitula solitary in the upper

leaf axils or opposite the leaves, sessile, 1-2 cm high, 1-2 cm wide; phyllaries multiseriate,

narrowly ovate to broadly ovate-oblong, 7-20 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, apically dilated,

squarrose, spinulose, glandular, the margins scarious; corollas ca. 11 mm long, the lobes

4-5 mm long, the anthers ca. 6.5 mm long, the style branches 6-7 mm long. Achenes 8-10

mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide; pappus 2-seriate, the outer bristles 2-3 mm long, the inner

corona ca. 0.3 mm high.

This species inhabits aquatic to semi-aquatic sites associated with rivers and

lakes. While it appears rare in Peru, it is widely distributed throughout tropical

and subtropical South America.

This taxon is readily distinguished from all other Peruvian Vernonieae by its

large capitula, with broad spinulose-tipped phyllaries, and large achenes

(greater than 2x the length of other Vernonieae).

The present collection has narrow leaves that lack the pronounced spine-

tipped teeth common to material examined from Central America and northern

South America.

MADRE DE DIGS. Tambopata: ca. 30 air km or 70-80 river km SSW of Puerto

Maldonado at effluence of Rio La Torre (Rio D'Orbigny)/Rio Tambopata (SE

bank); Tambopata Nature Reserve; tropical moist forest, ca. 260 m, Barbour4866

(F, MO).

Stilpnopappus Martius ex DC., Prodr. 5: 75. 1836. LECTOTYPE (here desig-

nated): S. trichospiroides Mart, ex DC.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate to ovate, sessile

or petiolate, usually entire or remotely denticulate, usually glabrate above, pubescent to

tomentose below. Inflorescences spicate, racemose, corymbose, or solitary; sessile or

pedunculate. Capitula discoid, homogamous, 6-50 florets; involucres campanulate or

turpinate to subhemispheric; phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate, subherbaceous, the mar-

gins densely ciliolate, apically spinulose; receptacles flat, alveolate, epaleate; florets her-

maphroditic, the corollas actinomorphic, red to white, the tube slender, the limb narrow,

5-lobed; anthers basally sagittate, the auricles obtuse, the terminal appendages acute, the

style branches linear, subulate, hirtellous. Achenes narrowly obconical, truncate, 10-

ribbed, densely villous, glandular; pappus 2-seriate, the outer squamaform, ciliolate, the

inner of subulate bristles, usually longer, ciliolate.

A genus of some 20 species, previously known from Brazil and Venezuela,

usually occurring in cerrado or savanna habitats (500-1,200 m). The following

species is somewhat unusual through its occurrence in moist, lowland sites in

the Amazonian basin.

FIG. 1. Pacourina edulis. A,

habit; B, achene. (From Barbour

4866, F.)

4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY

1. Stilpnopappus aquaticus (Poepp. & Endl.) Dillon, comb. nov.

Xiphochaeta aquatica Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 44, t. 250. 1843. TYPE: Brazil,

Alto Amazonas, "in ripis paludosis sylvaticis fluminis Teffe," Poeppig 2811 (W,

holotype, not seen; F, isotype).

Stilpnopappus viridis Benth. ex Baker in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6: 137. 1873. TYPE: Brazil, Para,

"ad cataractas fluv. Aripecuni," Spruce [554] (K, holotype, not seen; M, isotype, F

photo).

Annual herbs to 0.5 m tall, suberect, much-branched; stems puberulent. Leaves oblong

to lance-oblong, 3-5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, apically rounded to obtuse, basally cuneate,

sparsely strigillose above, puberulent and punctate-glandular below, the margins entire

or remotely denticulate; petiolate, 2-4 mm long, or sessile. Inflorescences of solitary

capitula, opposite leaf axils, rarely in groups of 2-3, sessile. Capitula with ca. 30 florets,

3-4 mm high, 4-6 mm wide; involucres subhemispheric; phyllaries 3-4-seriate, the outer

subulate to lanceolate, the inner lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1-4 mm long, pulose, glandu-

lar; corollas white, 2.5-3.0 mm long, the lobes ca. 0.8 mm long, apically glandular.

Achenes obconical, 1.5-2.0 mm long; pappus irregularly 2-seriate, the outer 0.4-0.8 mm

long, the inner 1.5-2.0 mm long.

This species was previously known from Venezuela and Brazil. It is usually

found in open habitats at the margins of lowland rain-forest rivers. Stilpno-

pappus aquaticus appears related to the Brazilian species S. pratensis Mart., but

the latter species is readily distinguished by its linear-elliptic leaves with to-

mentum beneath and red corollas. Within the genus, S. aquaticus is unique in

lacking tomentum on the underside of the leaves, possessing white corollas,

and occupying moist lowland habitats.

LORETO. Maynas: lower Rio Itaya, near Iquitos, Davidson & Jones 9924 (F).

Trichospira H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PL 4: 21. ed. fol. 1818. TYPE: T. methoides

H.B.K. = T. verticillata (L.) Blake.

Annual or perennial herbs, occasionally suffrutescent; stems erect or procumbent, often

forming mats, much-branched, usually pubescent, glandular. Leaves alternate or the

upper subopposite to opposite, sessile, often subariculate, the basal leaves petiolate, the

blades punctate-glandular, sparsely sericeous to glabrate above, densely tomentose

below, the margins of the cauline leaves crenate or dentate, the basal leaves deeply

recnate or shallowly pinnatifid. Inflorescences of solitary or paired capitula, sessile in the

axils of upper opposite to subopposite leaves. Capitula discoid, homogamous; involucres

glomerulate; phyllaries weakly 1 -seriate, membranaceous-scarious, usually viscid api-

cally, the inner ones longer, subtending the outer florets; receptacles flat; paleae mem-

branaceous, narrow, flat; corollas tubular, actinomorphic, blue to purple, the tube slen-

der, the limb narrowly campanulate, deeply 4-5-lobed, the lobes narrow, usually viscid;

anthers basally sagittate, the auricles obtuse, the terminal appendages obtuse, the style

branches linear, subulate, hirtellous. Achenes dorsally compressed or rarely triquetrous,

oblong-cuneate to narrowly oblanceolate, apically truncate, 2-3-<-4)-costate, puberulent,

glandular; pappus 2-comicuIate from the margins of the achene, sometimes with 3-5

small, intermediate comiculate squamellae.

This genus is monotypic and ranges throughout Central America and tropical

South America.

REFERENCE

ROBINSON, H., AND R. D. BRETTELL. 1973. Tribal revisions in the Asteraceae. II. The

relationship of Trichospira. Phytologia 25: 259-261.

2cm

FIG. 2. Stilpnopappus aquaticus. A, habit; B, capitulum. (From Davidson & ]ones 9924, F.)

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

2cm

B

FIG. 3. Trichospira verticillata. A, habit; B, capitulum. (From Diaz et al. 655, F.)

1. Trichospira verticillata (L.) Blake, Torreya 15: 106. 1915.

Bidens verticillata L., Sp. PI. 833. 1753. TYPE: Mexico, Veracruz, Houston s.n. (BM, not

seen).

Trichospira menthoides H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 4: 21. 1918. TYPE: Venezuela, Barines,

Rio Apure, Humboldt & Bonpland 810 (P, holotype, not seen, IDC Microfiche 6209. 91.

1.3).

Trichospira biarista Less., Linnaea 4: 343. 1829. TYPE: Brazil, Sello (B, presumably de-

stroyed, F, photo).

Trichospira pulegium Mart, ex DC., Prodr. 5: 91. 1836. TYPE: Brazil, Rio Negro, Japura,

Martins s.n. (M, not seen).

Trichospira prieurei DC., Prodr. 5: 91. 1836. TYPE: French Guiana, Rio Ouessa, Leprieur

4 (G-DC, holotype, not seen IDC Microfiche 800. 786: I. 1; G-BOIS, isotype, not seen,

fragment & photo F).

Annual or perennial herbs. Cauline leaves obovate-oblong, (l-)2-5(-6) cm long, 0.5-

2.5(-3.0) mm wide, apically obtuse to rounded, basally cuneate or dilated and sub-

amplexicaul. Capitula 4-5 mm high, 3-4 mm wide; phyllaries 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.5-0.7

mm wide, lanceolate to oblong, apically acute to rounded, villose, glandular, reddish;

paleae oblong, ca. 3.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, apically rounded to truncate, villous,

glandular, reddish; florets ca. 10, the corollas 1.5-2.0 mm long, blue to purple, the tube ca.

MACBRIDE: FLORA OF PERU 7

0.7 mm long, the limb ca. 1 mm long, the lobes glandular apically. Achenes 2.5-3.0(-4.0)

mm long, densely puberulous; pappus 2-comiculate, 2.0-2.5 mm long, the comiculate

squamellae 0.2-0.4 mm long.

This species is quite common, being widely distributed throughout northern

South America. Its subopposite to opposite leaves in the region of the in-

florescence, and bicomiculate pappus serve to distinguish this taxon from all

other Peruvian Vernonieae. These two characters have caused some confusion

concerning the tribal placement of this taxon; however, its position within the

Vernonieae seems appropriate (Robinson & Brettell, 1973).

LORETO. Maynas: Rio Itaya, 10 min arriba de San Juan de Muniches, margen

izquierda, Diaz et al. 655 (F, MO).

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Figures were prepared by Marlene Werner, Department of Exhibition, Field

Museum of Natural History.

1 TUMBES

2 PIURA

3 CAJAMARCA

4 AMAZONAS

5 LORETO

6 SAN MARTIN

7 LAMBAYEOUE

8 LA LIBERTAD

9 ANCASH

10 HUANUCO

1 1 LIMA

12 PASCO

13 JUNIN

14 HUANCAVELICA

15 ICA

16 AYACUCHO

17 APURIMAC

18 CUZCO

19 MADRE DE OIOS

20 AREOUIPA

21 PUNO

22 MOOUEGUA

23 TACNA

100 200 300

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