FLORA OF PERU

BY

MILDRED E. MATHIAS

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OP BOTANY

UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES

AND

LINCOLN CONSTANCE

PROFESSOR OF BOTANY

TJNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME XIII, PART V-A, NUMBER 1

JULY 31, 1962

PUBLICATION 953

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 36-10^26

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS

t.5-4

5. /

FLORA OF PERU

MILDRED E. MATHIAS AND LINCOLN CONSTANCE 1

UMBELLIFERAE. Carrot Family

References: 0. Drude, Umbelliferae in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf.

3 (8) : 63-250. 1897. H. Wolff, Umbelliferae-Saniculoideae in Engl.

Pflanzenr. 61 (IV. 228) : 1-305. 1913. H. Wolff, Umbelliferae-Api-

oideae, 43 (IV. 228) : 1-214. 1910. H. Wolff, Umbelliferae-Apiodeae,

90 (IV. 228): 1-398. 1927. Mathias & Constance, Umbelliferae,

North American Flora 28B: 43-374. 1944-45.

Plants usually herbaceous, rarely woody at base, acaulescent

or caulescent, annual or perennial, with commonly hollow stems.

Leaves alternate, or rarely opposite, or basal, compound or some-

times simple, usually much incised or divided, with usually sheathing

petioles. Flowers small, regular, in simple or compound umbels,

or the umbels sometimes proliferous or capitate; rays sometimes

subtended by bracts forming an involucre; umbellets usually sub-

tended by bractlets forming an involucel. Calyx tube wholly adnate

to ovary; calyx teeth obsolete or small. Petals 5, usually with an

inflexed tip. Stamens 5, inserted on an epigynous disk. Ovary

inferior, bilocular, with one anatropous ovule in each locule; styles 2,

sometimes swollen at base, forming a stylopodium. Fruit consisting

of 2 carpels united by their faces (commissure), flattened or com-

pressed dorsally (parallel to commissure), laterally (at right angles

to commissure), or terete, each carpel with 5 primary ribs, one

dorsal, two lateral (on the edges of commissure) and two between

dorsal and lateral ribs (intermediate ribs), and rarely with secondary

ribs, the ribs filiform to broadly winged, thin or corky; vittae (oil

tubes) obsolete or present in the intervals (spaces between ribs)

and on commissural surface, rarely also in pericarp; carpels 1-seeded,

splitting apart at maturity, usually suspended from summit of a

slender prolongation of the axis (carpophore). Embryo small; endo-

sperm cartilaginous.

Umbelliferae are widely distributed in temperate and moun-

tainous areas of the world, especially in the northern hemisphere.

1 The authors wish to acknowledge partial support from grant G-13393 by the

National Science Foundation.

4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

The family includes a number of common foods and condiments

such as carrot, parsnip, celery, parsley, anise, caraway, dill, chervil,

fennel, and lovage. Many of these have escaped from cultivation

and have become weedy components of floras in various parts of

the world. In Peru about 20 per cent or 17 species of the family

are these escaped cultivars and other widespread weedy species.

The incidence of endemism in Peruvian Umbelliferae is amazingly

high, some 40 per cent of the species being known only from that

country. Only five of the endemic species and varieties and only

five widely ranging species are of northern-hemisphere affinity. The

others belong mostly to Andean genera. Twenty-nine species extend

outside of Peru and are referred to genera widely distributed in

the southern hemisphere.

The high endemism may be in large part a reflection of our

still inadequate knowledge of the flora, many of the species being

known from single collections. Range extensions are common and

the discovery of new species frequent as a new area or a new collec-

tion is studied. Certainly the umbelliferous flora of Peru is still

poorly known and comprehensive collections will continue to im-

prove our knowledge. It is hoped that this preliminary revision

of the family will encourage collectors and Peruvian students of

the family.

Umbels all simple, lax and open to capitate, variously arranged.

Cushion plants of high altitudes.

Umbels capitate; flowers sessile; fruit scaly Eryngium.

Umbels lax; flowers pedicellate; fruit glabrous or pubescent.

Fruit with distinct vittae in the intervals but without a

woody endocarp; carpophore present; leaves pinnatisect.

Oreomyrrhis.

Fruit lacking vittae in the intervals but with a prominent

woody endocarp; carpophore lacking; leaves not pinnat-

isect Azorella.

Erect, ascending, or creeping perennials, biennials or annuals,

not conspicuously cespitose or matted to form cushions.

Umbels capitate (flowers stipitate in Sanicula); fruit promi-

nently scaly or uncinate-prickly (Saniculoideae) .

Fruit variously covered with scales or tubercles; flowers all

perfect and sessile; leaves neither palmately lobed nor

parted Eryngium.

FLORA OF PERU 5

Fruit uncinate-prickly; flowers either perfect or staminate

in the same umbellet, at least the latter stipitate; leaves

palmately 3-5-parted Sanicula.

Umbels lax; fruit glabrous, pubescent or glochidiate.

Foliage of septate linear phyllodes; fruit with prominent aeri-

form tissue Lilaeopsis.

Foliage various, but always with an evident leaf blade; fruit

lacking prominent aeriform tissue.

Stipules or stipular processes evident at base of petiole.

Foliage and inflorescence stellate-pubescent or stellate-

glochidiate Bowlesia.

Foliage and inflorescence glabrous or pubescent, but nei-

ther stellate-pubescent nor stellate-glochidiate.

Erect annuals; cauline leaves opposite Spananthe.

Creeping perennials; leaves basal or alternate.

Hydrocotyle.

Stipules lacking, the petioles sheathing at base.

Plants prominently caulescent, glabrous and glaucous;

petals with a prominent gland; involucral bracts

free or largely so; carpophore lacking.

Annuals; petal apex merely acute, not prominently

inflexed; stylopodium obsolete Domeykoa.

Perennials; petal apex long-inflexed; stylopodium evi-

dent Eremocharis.

Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with no or few cau-

line leaves; petals glandless; involucral bracts con-

nate below; carpophore present Oreomyrrhis .

Umbels regularly compound (or some umbels, especially the lateral,

occasionally simple).

Fruit armed with bristles, prickles, or glochids (see also Sanicula).

Fruits caudate at base, several times longer than broad; leaf-

lets ovate, 15-40 mm. long Osmorhiza.

Fruits rounded or truncate, neither caudate at base nor more

than 2-3 times as long as broad; leaflets filiform to lance-

olate, 2-12 mm. long.

Involucral bracts prominent, dissected; rays prominent; car-

pels flattened dorsally; leaflets linear to lanceolate.

Daucus.

6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Involucral bracts entire or lacking; rays abortive; carpels

flattened laterally; leaflets filiform Torilis.

Fruits unarmed, glabrous or pubescent.

Flowers yellow, greenish-yellow, maroon, deep red or purple,

but never white.

Leaves decompound with filiform ultimate divisions.

Perennial or biennial; petals obtuse, rounded at apex; car-

pophore divided to base; petioles wholly sheathing.

Foeniculum.

Annual; petals shallowly emarginate; carpophore merely

bifid; petioles sheathing only below Ridolfia.

Leaves variously divided but with mostly oblong or lanceolate

to orbicular leaflets.

Perennial; involucel longer than flowers and sometimes

longer than fruit.

Fruit ellipsoid-cordate; involucel of conspicuous filiform

bractlets to 3 cm. long, exceeding mature fruit.

Neonelsonia.

Fruit oblong to ovoid; involucel of linear to obovate

bractlets to 1.5 cm. long, shorter than fruit.

Arracacia.

Annual or biennial; involucel lacking or shorter than

flowers.

Leaves ternate-pinnately or pinnately decompound, the

leaflets linear; fruit 2-4 mm. long, compressed later-

ally, all ribs filiform; involucel present.

Petroselinum.

Leaves pinnately compound, the leaflets oblong to ovate,

to 8 cm. broad; fruit 5-6 mm. long, flattened dor-

sally, the lateral ribs winged; involucel lacking.

Pastinaca.

Flowers white, or sometimes greenish or rosy or with a colored

mid vein.

Petals unequal, the marginal petals radiant; ripe carpels co-

herent, not separating readily Coriandrum.

Petals subequal; ripe carpels separating from carpophore.

Rays and pedicels borne on discoid receptacles, rigidly

contracted in fruit . . . . Ammi.

FLORA OF PERU 7

Neither rays nor pedicels borne on discoid receptacles and

not contracted in fruit.

Both involucre and involucel lacking; umbels all sessile

or short-pedunculate Apium.

Involucel, and often also an involucre, present; umbels

(at least the terminal) prominently pedunculate.

Stout introduced weedy annuals with purple-spotted

stems; fruit ribs prominently undulate-winged.

Conium.

Native perennials, without conspicuously spotted

stems; fruit ribs normally un winged and plane.

Carpels compressed dorsally; involucel bractlets

shorter than pedicels Paraselinum.

Carpels compressed laterally, or terete; involucel

bractlets longer than pedicels, sometimes slightly

exceeding flowers and fruit.

Petals purple, maroon, or greenish (rarely whitish),

with a conspicuously narrower inflexed apex;

styles slender; seed face sulcate. . .Arracacia.

Petals white (often with a colored midvein), ob-

tuse or acute, but without a prominent in-

flexed apex; styles short; seed face shallowly

concave Niphogeton.

AMMI L.

Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, essentially gla-

brous annuals, biennials, or perennials, from slender taproots.

Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnately or pinnately

dissected, the leaflets filiform to lanceolate. Petioles sheathing.

Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and

axillary. Involucre of numerous entire or divided bracts. Rays

numerous, spreading-ascending. Involucel of numerous entire bract-

lets shorter or longer than pedicels. Pedicels spreading. Flowers

white; petals ovate to obovate with a broad, shallowly bilobed,

inflexed apex; calyx teeth minute; styles slender, more than twice

as long as the depressed-conic stylopodium. Carpophore entire or

2-parted to base, flat. Fruit oblong to ovoid, compressed laterally,

glabrous; ribs acute; vittae solitary in the intervals, 2 on commissure;

seed subterete in transection, the face plane.

8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

A Mediterranean genus. Two species have been cultivated as

ornamentals and for medicinal purposes. Both have been sporadi-

cally introduced in the western hemisphere but only one is reported

from Peru.

Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 462. 1778. Daucus visnaga

L. Sp. PL 242. 1753. Apium visnaga Crantz, Class. Umbell. 104.

1767. Selinum visnaga Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutsch. ed. 2. 12: 44.

1904. Carum visnaga K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 198. 1916.

Erect biennial, 2-8 dm. tall; leaves deltoid, the blades 5-20 cm.

long, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform,

setaceous to cuspidate-acute, divaricate, entire, 5-35 mm. long, 0.5-1

mm. broad; petioles about 10 cm. long; cauline leaves ternately

or pinnately dissected; peduncles 8-14 cm. long; involucral bracts

equaling or exceeding rays; rays 60-100, subfiliform, unequal, 2-5

cm. long, spreading in flower but rigidly contracted in fruit, borne

on a discoid receptacle; involucel of numerous setiform-acute, entire

bractlets, ascending at maturity and equaling or exceeding pedicels;

pedicels numerous, filiform, unequal, 3-13 mm. long, spreading

in flower but rigidly contracted in fruit, borne on a small discoid

receptacle; carpophore entire; fruit oblong-ovoid to ovoid, 2-2.5 mm.

long, 1.5-1.7 mm. broad.

Arequipa: Pr. Islay: Lomas de Mollendo, 400 m., Angulo &

Sagastegui 2589; lower edge of loma zone, foot of hills east of Mol-

lendo, 50 m., West 8205. — Cajamarca: Pr. Chota: cerca a Llama,

2000 m., Ferreyra 8401. Pr. Cajamarca: alrededores de la ciudad,

terreno humedo, Ridoutl 316. — La Libertad: Pr. Santiago de Chuco:

Andamarca, Paredes 1587. Pr. Huamachuco: Hda. Yanazara, en

borde de camino, 2650 m., Ldpez & Sagastegui 2857. — Lima: Pr.

Lima: between Lima and Vitarte, edge of field, Asplund 13906; re-

particion near Lima, Hood. — Moquegua: Pr. Mariscal Nieto: Valle

de Ilo, desembocadura del Rio Ilo, 10-20 m., Ferreyra 11629.

Known locally as bisnaga, cicuta, and culantro de burro. Eurasia,

sporadically introduced, Pennsylvania to Florida, Oregon to Cali-

fornia, Oaxaca, Bermuda, temperate South America.

APIUM L.

Celeri Adans. Fam. PL 2: 498. 1763. Helosciadium Koch, Nova

Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: 125. 1825. Ciclospermum Lag. Amen.

Nat. 101. 1821.

FLORA OF PERU 9

Slender or stout, erect, ascending, or prostrate, herbaceous or

somewhat woody at base, caulescent (in our species), usually branch-

ing, glabrous annuals, biennials or perennials, from taproots or creep-

ing rootstocks, rooting at nodes. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous,

simply pinnate to ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets sub-

orbicular to filiform. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose

to subcompact, compound or rarely simple umbels. Peduncles lat-

eral and terminal, or some or all of the umbels sessile. Involucre

wanting to conspicuous. Rays usually rather few, spreading-

ascending. Involucel wanting to conspicuous. Pedicels spreading

or ascending. Flowers white or greenish; petals ovate to sub-

orbicular, acute, plane, or the apex somewhat inflexed; calyx teeth

minute or obsolete; styles short, spreading or divaricate, the stylo-

podium short-conic to depressed. Carpophore entire or shortly

bifid. Fruit oblong-oval to orbicular or ellipsoid, compressed later-

ally and somewhat constricted at commissure, glabrous or rarely

somewhat setulose; ribs filiform, subequal, obtuse, prominent; vittae

solitary in the intervals, 2 on commissure; seed sub terete in tran-

section, the face plane.

A genus of some 30 species, principally of Eurasia and the

southern hemisphere.

Plants perennial; leaves pinnate, the leaflets ovate to suborbicular.

A. graveolens.

Plants annual; leaves pinnately decompound, the leaflets linear to

filiform.

Leaflets filiform, several times longer than broad; fertile flowers

mostly more than ten in each umbellet A. leptophyllum.

Leaflets linear, not several times longer than broad; fertile flowers

mostly fewer than ten in each umbellet A. laciniatum.

Apium graveolens L. Sp. PI. 264. 1753. Seseli graveolens Scop.

Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 1: 215. 1772. Slum apium Roth, Fl. Germ. 1: 128.

1788. S. graveolens Vest, Man. Bot. 517. 1805. Apium vulgare

Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 344. 1900. Selinum graveolens Krause in

Sturm, Fl. Deutsch. ed. 2. 12: 38. 1904. Celeri graveolens Britt. in

Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 660. 1913. Carum graveolens K.-Pol.

Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 199. 1916.

Plants perennial, the stems erect or ascending, about 5-15 dm.

high, from a taproot; leaves oblong to obovate, the blades 7-18 cm.

long, 2-5 cm. broad, pinnate with few pairs of ovate to suborbicular

10 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

leaflets, 2-4.5 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, usually 3-lobed to near mid-

dle; petioles 3-26 cm. long; cauline leaves frequently cuneate, some-

times laciniate; umbels sessile or short-pedunculate, the peduncles

up to 1.2 cm. long; involucre wanting; rays 7-16, 0.7-2.5 cm. long;

involucel wanting; pedicels 1-6 mm. long; calyx teeth minute but

evident; carpophore shortly bifid; fruit suborbicular to ellipsoid,

about 1.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad.

Illustrations: Bot. Jahrb. 28: pi 2, fig. 30. 1899 (fruit section).

Arequipa: Pr. Arequipa: alrededores de los Banos de Jesus, cerca

a Arequipa, 2400-2500 m., Ferreyra 12071. — Lima: Pr. Lima: cer-

canias de Lima, Isern 45 (Cuatrecasas 2466) ; Callao, mouth of Rio

Rimac, Soukup 2136; Hacienda Balconcillo, 157 m., Ridoutt.

The cultivated celery, locally known as apio. Europe, adventive

throughout the western hemisphere.

Apium laciniatum (DC.) Urb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1) : 343.

1879. Helosciadium laciniatum DC. Me*m. Soc. Phys. Ge"neve 4: 495.

1829. Sison laciniatum 1'Her. ex DC. I.e. in synon. Helosciadium

laciniatum var. humile Hook. & Arn. Bot. Misc. 3: 353. 1833. H.

laciniatum var. elatius Hook. & Arn. I.e. H. gracile Clos ex Gay, Fl.

Chile 3 : 124, pi. 31 , /. 2. 1847 (including varieties a and 0) . H. deserti-

cola Phil. Fl. Atacam. 26. 1860. H. biternatum Phil. Anal. Univ. Chile

85. 718. 1894. Apium biternatum Reiche, Anal. Univ. Chile 104:

836. 1899; Fl. Chile 3: 115. 1902. A. laciniatum var. gracile Reiche,

Anal. Univ. Chile 104: 835. 1899; Fl. Chile 3: 114. 1902. A. lacini-

atum var. gracile f. deserticolum Wolff, in Engl. Pflanzenr. 90 (IV.

228) : 56. 1927. A. laciniatum var. gracile f . elatius Wolff, I.e. A. la-

ciniatum var. hispidulum Wolff, I.e.

Plants slender, annual, branching above, 1.5-2 dm. high; leaves

oblong-ovate, the blades 0.5-3 cm. long, 0.5-3 cm. broad, ternate,

then 1-2-pinnate, the segments linear, up to 4 mm. long, about 1 mm.

broad, entire to incised-lobed; petioles to 3.5 cm. long, the sheath

conspicuously white-scarious-margined ; cauline leaves similar; um-

bels axillary, sessile, 2-3-rayed, the rays unequal, to 10 mm. long;

involucre and involucel wanting; fruiting pedicels less than 10, un-

equal, to 4 mm. long; flowers greenish to pinkish-white; calyx teeth

inconspicuous; carpophore entire; fruit ovoid, 1.5-2 mm. long, 1-2

mm. broad, glabrous, to rugulose or hispidulous. — F.M. Negs. 8859,

31809.

Illustrations: Gay, Hist. Chile, Atlas, pi. 31 J.I. 1847 (as Helo-

sciadium gracile).

FLORA OF PERU 11

Ancash: Pr. Casma: lomas de Lupin entre Huacho y Casma,

loma arcillosa, 540 m., Ferreyra 8673; Mathias 3672. — Arequipa: Pr.

Islay: Lomas de Mollendo, 500-600 m., Ferreyra 12615; near Mol-

lendo, 250 m., Hutchison 1861. Pr. Caraveli: Lomas de Pongo

(Acari), 750 m., Velarde 11*61; Lomas de Capace, km. 648 from Lima,

ca. 2 km. south of Chala, 200 m., Hutchison 1290. — La Libertad:

Pr. Trujillo: Cerro Cabezon, loma arenosa, 500 m., Angulo 1192;

aired edores de Ascope, 120 m., en borde de acequia, L6pez 188. —

Lima: Pr. Lima: Lomas de Quilmana, al sur de Lima, 480 m., Ferreyra

3990; Miraflores, cerca a Lima, 157 m., Maisch; Lima, terrenes de

cultivo, Cali; Lomas de Amancaes, cerca a Lima, 400 m., Ferrey-

ra 11828; Lomas de Caracoles, entre Lima y Canete, 200-300 m.,

Ferreyra 11875; San Geronimo, about 500 ft., rocky hillside, Mac-

bride 5911; vicinity of Lima, San Agustin, Asplund 13832. Pr.

Chancay: 5 km. north of Barranca, Stork, Beetle & Morrison 9094,'

Lomas de Lachay, cerca a Chancay, 300-400 m., Cerrate 859; Lomas

de Pacar (Pativilca), 400 m., Velarde 2309; Lomas de Chancay,

arcilloso-pedregoso, 300 m., Ferreyra 8737. Pr. Canete: hills of

Perico near Mala, rocky places, 12-20 m., Vargas 9316. — Moquegua:

Pr. Mariscal Nieto: Lomas de Ilo, 250-350 m., Ferreyra 11604. —

Tacna: Pr. Tacna: Lomas de Morro Sama, 600-700 m., Ferreyra

1 2646.— Without locality, Dombey.

Frequent in rocky places in loma vegetation to Chile. Occasion-

ally a garden weed known as capuchilla.

Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell.; Benth. & Muell. Fl.

Austr. 3: 372. 1866. Sison ammi L. sensu Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 2:

95. 1773, not S. ammi L. 1753. Sium nodiflorum Walt. Fl. Car. 115.

1788, not S. nodiflorum L. 1753. Seseli ammi Savi, Due Cent. 71.

1804. Pimpinella leptophylla Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 324. 1805. Aethusa

leptophylla Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. 22. 1813. Pimpinella domingensis

Willd. ex Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: 411. 1820, as synon.

Ciclospermum ammi Lag. Amen. Nat. 2: 101. 1821. Helosciadium lep-

tophyllum DC. Me"m. Soc. Phys. Geneve 4: 493. 1829. Apium ammi

Urban, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1) : 341. 1879. A. leptophyllon Maza,

Noc. Bot. Sist. 74: 1893. A. ammi var. leptophyllum Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 3 (2) : 111. 1898. Selinum leptophyllum Krause in Sturm, Fl.

Deutsch. ed. 2. 12: 28. 1904. Helosciadium ammi Britt. Fl. Bermuda

279. 1918. Cyclospermum leptophyllum Sprague, Jour. Bot. 61: 131.

1923. Apium ammi var. genuinum Wolff, in Engl. Pflanzenr. 90

(IV. 228) : 54. 1927. Apium depressum Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18: 63.

1933.

12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Plants annual, alternately branching above, 0.5-6 dm. high;

leaves oblong-ovate, the blades 3.5-10 cm. long, 3.5-8 cm. broad,

3-4-pinnately decompound, the leaflets linear to filiform, 1.5-7 mm.

long, 0.5-1 mm. broad; petioles 2.5-11 cm. long, the sheath white-

scarious-margined; cauline leaves ternate-pinnately decompound, the

leaflets filiform, 4-35 mm. long; umbels compound, sessile, the rays

to 2 cm. long; involucre and involucel wanting; pedicels 15-20, 2-

8 mm. long; calyx teeth inconspicuous; carpophore entire or very

shortly bifid; fruit ovoid, 1.2-3 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad.

Illustrations: Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 2: pi. 200. 1773. Mart. Fl.

Bras. 11 (1): pi. 91. 1879. Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 28: pi 2, f. 35. 1899

(fruit). Urban & Wolff, Ark. Bot. 22A (10): pi. 1. 1929.

Amazonas: Pr. Chachapoyas: Hacienda Shani, Cevasco. — Ancash:

Pr. Bolognesi: Quero al este de Huasta, monte rigido, 3800 m.,

Cerrate 2518. — Ayacucho: Pr. Andahuaylos: above Chincheros, km.

203 north of Abancay, 3600 m., Hutchison 1716. — Cajamarca: Pr.

Hualgayoc: Mont. Nancho, 7700 ft., Raimondi. — Cusco: Pr. Cusco:

Laguna Huaypo, entre Cusco y Yucay, 3900 m., Ferreyra 9866;

Saxihuaman, Mathias 3678. Pr. Calca: alrededores del Calca,

2800 m., Vargas 4.083. Pr. Paucartambo: laderas de Paucartambo,

arcillo-pedregoso, 3400 m., Vargas 910. — Huancavelica: Pr. Huan-

cavelica: west of and above Huando, road to Huancavelica, ca. 5 km.

above bridge over Rio Palca, 3650 m., Hutchison 1677. — Huanuco:

Pr. Tingo Maria: Cordillera Azul below Tea Garden on road to La

Divisoria, Mathias 3444- — Junin: Pr. Tarma: cercanias de Tarma,

Isern (Cuatrecasas 2552}. — La Libertad: Pr. Trujillo: Rio Moche,

arcillo-arenoso, 30 m., Ridoutt 173; Santa Clara (Valle Chicama), en

borde de acequia, 55 m., L6pez 187. — Lima: Pr. Huarochiri: Matu-

cana, ditch, 2400 m., Asplund 11099; Matucana, at base of stone

fence, 8000 ft., Macbride & Feather stone 382. Pr. Lima: Chaclacayo,

entre Lima y Chosica, 700 m., Ferreyra 11138; Rimac Valley, 700 m.,

Rauh & Hirsch 113; Chinchin (Cheuchin), Ruiz & Pavdn; roadsides,

waste ground, etc., 500 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 53; Chosica,

800 m., Soukup 2048; Hacienda Villa, 18 km. sur de Lima, 40-50 m.,

Ferreyra 10466; Lima, Hipodromo San Felipe, 157 m., Ferreyra 11109;

inmediaciones de la Hacienda Infantas cerca a Lima, Ridoutt. Pr.

Chancay: Supe, in sandy wash near the sea, 3 m., Eyerdam 9076. —

Puno: Pr. Puno: Cerros de Puno, 3900 m., Ferreyra; Isla de Aman-

tani, 3900 m., Aguilar; Capachica Peninsula, Lake Titicaca, 12,500

ft., Tutin 1215. Pr. Huancane": Conima, cerro Calvario, 3900 m.,

Aguilar; Miajachi, camino a Huancane", orillas del rio, 3800-3900

m., Aguilar 163.

FLORA OF PERU 13

A subtropical weed. Mexico, Central America and West Indies

to Argentina and Chile, sporadic to New York, Oregon and Califor-

nia. Apium leptophyllum is a wide spread ruderal occurring through-

out the world in subtropical environments. In marginal habitats or

in areas of heavy grazing or mowing it may be modified in vegetative

characters to such an extent that it is difficult to distinguish from

A. laciniatum. Apium laciniatum is, as far as we know, confined to

the loma vegetation. The following specimens are referred to A. lep-

tophyllum on the basis of geographical location since they were not

collected in the coastal lomas of Peru. However, in vegetative char-

acters they suggest A. laciniatum. Ancash : Pr. Huaraz : sandy wash,

3100-3150 m., along streams south of Rio Santa, opposite Huaraz,

Pennell 15333.— Huanuco: Pr. Huanuco: Mito, about 9000 ft., Mac-

bride & Feather stone 1682. — Lima: Pr. Canta: bare rocky slope of

small canyon, 3000-3200 m., Pennell 14594. Pr. Huarochiri: Matu-

cana, 8000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 236. — Puno: Pr. Melgar:

Chuquibambilla, rocky clay soil on puno, 3900-4000 m., Pennell

13349; 3850-3900 m., Pennell 13405.

ARRACACIA Bancroft

Arracacha DC. Bibl. Univ. Sci. & Arts 40: 78. 1829. Velaea DC.

Coll. Me"m. 5: 61. 1829. Velka D. Dietr. ex Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2.

2: 746. 1841.

Reference: Constance, Bull. Torrey Club 76: 39-52. 1949.

Stout or slender, erect, herbaceous or somewhat woody, caules-

cent, branching or simple, glabrous to pubescent perennials, from

taproots or tubers. Leaves petiolate, once to several times ternate,

pinnate, or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets or ultimate divisions various.

Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose to somewhat compact

compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, or rarely only

terminal, occasionally some umbels sessile. Involucre wanting or

vestigial. Fertile rays few to numerous, spreading-ascending to

divaricate and reflexed. Involucel of few short to long, narrow

bractlets, shorter to longer than fruit or wanting. Fertile pedicels

few, spreading-ascending to reflexed. Flowers white, greenish-yel-

low, greenish, reddish-brown or maroon, or purple; petals oblanceo-

late to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx teeth obsolete;

styles short to long, erect to spreading or reflexed, the stylopodium

conic and conspicuous to depressed and indistinct. Carpophore 2-

parted to the base or only bifid, flat or terete. Fruit lanceolate or

oblong to ovoid, usually narrowed at apex, compressed laterally,

14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

glabrous or pubescent; ribs prominent, acute to obtuse, or filiform

and indistinct; vittae solitary to several in the intervals, 2-several on

commissure; seed subterete in transection, often channeled under

vittae, the face sulcate or concave.

The genus is well represented by some 25 species in the flora of

Mexico and Central America. The five endemic Peruvian species

are the southernmost extension of the genus. One species, A. xan-

thorrhiza, "arracacha," is commonly cultivated in Latin America.

Leaflets spinulose-serrate; stylopodium conic; carpophore bifid about

% its length; fruit tapering at apex A. elata.

Leaflets variously serrate to incised or lobed, not spinulose-serrate;

stylopodium depressed; carpophore 2-parted to the base (un-

known in A. peruviana) ; fruit blunt at apex.

Rays 4-8 cm. long; bractlets linear, herbaceous, exceeding reddish-

brown flowers A. peruviana.

Rays 1-4 cm. long; bractlets broad and scarious, or linear but

shorter than purple or greenish flowers.

Bractlets scarious or scarious-margined, lanceolate to obovate.

Bractlets 4-8, obovate to lanceolate, scarious, 5-10 mm. long,

exceeding the flowers; ribs of fruit very prominent and

corky; vittae small, 2-3 in the intervals A. incisa.

Bractlets 3-6, ovate-acuminate, narrowly scarious-margined,

2-6 mm. long, shorter than the flowers; ribs of the fruit

filiform; vittae large, solitary in the intervals.

A. equator ialis.

Bractlets herbaceous, linear.

Plants 5-12 cm. high; fruit (immature) oblong, 10 mm. long,

2-3 mm. broad, constricted below apex; vittae solitary

in the intervals A. xanthorrhiza.

Plants 3-4 dm. (to 1 m.) high; fruit ovoid, 6-7 mm. long,

4-5 mm. broad, not constricted; vittae 2-3 in the in-

tervals A. andina.

Arracacia andina Britt. Bull. Torrey Club 18: 37. 1908.

This species was described from Bolivian collections. Peruvian

specimens tentatively referred here by Constance in 1949 (Bull.

Torrey Club 76: 49) are apparently A. equator ialis. Better and more

mature material is needed to define these taxa. A fragmentary col-

lection at Chicago Natural History Museum (no. 870541) labeled in

FLORA OP PERU 15

handscript "Cuchero, Peruvia, 1829" (Huanuco) and with a printed

locality "Brasilien leg. Poeppig" may be referable here. However,

the material is too immature and too fragmentary for positive iden-

tification. Furthermore, the mixture of data on the label makes the

locality suspect.

Arracacia elata Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 304. 1908.

Stout, clambering, branching, up to 4.5 m. high, the foliage essen-

tially glabrous; leaves ovate, 1-3 dm. long, ternate-l-2-pinnate, the

leaflets lanceolate to ovate, acute or acuminate, cuneate to rounded

at base, the lower distinct and short-petiolulate, the upper sessile

and confluent, 3-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, sharply spinulose-

serrate and often incised toward base, the lower surface paler and

glabrous, strongly reticulate, a squamulose tuft on the upper side of

the sulcate rachis at the base of the larger leaflets; petioles 15-45 cm.

long, their lower one- third broadly sheathing; cauline leaves similar,

the uppermost with petioles wholly sheathing and inflated; inflores-

cence branching, the peduncles arising axially, 10-25 cm. long,

squamulose at apex; involucre wanting, or occasionally of a single

leaf sheath; fertile rays 4-15, slender, spreading-ascending, 3-6 cm.

long, scaberulous at apex; involucel of 8-10 linear to lanceolate, en-

tire or few-toothed unequal bractlets 3-15 mm. long, the longer

exceeding the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile pedicels 1-8,

spreading, 5-8 mm. long; flowers greenish or yellow, the petals oval;

stylopodium conic, the styles slender, recurved; carpophore bifid

about one-fourth its length, rigid; fruit ovoid, 5 mm. long, 3 mm.

broad, glabrous, the ribs prominent, obtuse, with narrow, sharply

V-shaped intervals; vittae very small and indistinct, forming a con-

tinuous layer between seed and pericarp; seed deeply channeled under

the intervals, the face sulcate. — F.M. Neg. 3473.

Amazonas: Pr. Chachapoyas: "Ostl. von Chachapoyas zwischen

den Tambo Ventillas u. Piscohuanuma," 3300 m., Weberbauer 4423,

type (entre el tambo Ventillas y Piscohuanuma, camino de Chacha-

poyas a Moyobamba). — Ayacucho: Pr. Huanta: Choimacota Valley,

3000 m., Weberbauer 7584.— Cajamarca : 3500-3800 m., Vargas 10369.

— Cusco: Pr. Urubamba: woods, Veronica, 3000 m., Rauh & Hirsch

1049.— Huanuco: Pr. Pachitea: Tambo de Vaca, 13,000 ft., Macbride

4456. — La Libertad: Pr. Otuzco: Chilte (Hda. Llague'n), en quebrada

pedregosa, Ldpez 0615. — Puno: Pr. Carabaya: entre Ayapata y

Kahualluyoc, 3595-3800 m., Vargas 10747.

Known only from Peru.

16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Arracacia equatorialis Const. Bull. Torrey Club 76: 46. 1949.

Slender, branching, 4-8 dm. high, the foliage squamulose; leaves

triangular-ovate, 6-9 cm. long, biternate or bipinnate, the leaflets

ovate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, cuneate to truncate at base,

the lower distinct and short-petiolulate, the upper sessile and con-

fluent, 1.5-3 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad, mucronate-serrate and the

larger incised or lobed, squamulose on sheaths, rachises, veins, and

margins beneath with linear scales, squamulose or merely scaberu-

lous above, the lower surface paler and reticulate, a squamulose tuft

on the upper side of the sulcate rachis at the base of the larger leaflets;

petioles 10-20 cm. long, sheathing only at base; cauline leaves re-

duced upward, with linear to lanceolate, elongate divisions, the obo-

vate petioles wholly sheathing, little inflated; inflorescence branching,

the peduncles arising in whorls or singly, 2-12 cm. long, the terminal

sometimes subsessile, squamulose at apex; involucre usually wanting;

fertile rays 2-6, slender, spreading-ascending, 2-4 cm. long, scaber-

ulous; involucel of 3-6 ovate-acuminate, entire, subequal, narrowly

scarious-margined bractlets 2-6 mm. long, shorter than flowers and

fruit; fertile pedicels 1-3 (-5), stout, ascending, 3-5 mm. long; flowers

purple, the petals obovate; stylopodium depressed, the styles slender,

spreading-ascending; carpophore 2-parted to base, lax, filiform; fruit

ovoid-oblong, 8-9 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs fili-

form, acute; vittae large, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the com-

missure; seed channeled under the tubes, the face deeply sulcate.

Callacate, Jelski 354- — Apurimac: Pr. Andahuaylas: quebrada

Posoconi, 2650 m., Vargas 8795. — Cusco: San Sebastian, grassy place

on summit of bluff, 3300-3400 m., Pennell 13628. Pr. Cusco: Cerro

Sape, frente a Sacsahuaman, cerca a la ciudad de Cusco, 3400 m.,

Ferreyra 2675. Pr. Paruro: Araypallpa, 3100 m., Vargas J^ll. —

Junin: Pr. Tarma: Huasa-huasi, Ruiz & Pav6n; entre Palca y Hua-

capistana, 2400-2700 m., Weberbauer 1745; Carpapata, 2500 m.,

C err ate 2806; entre Palca y Carpapata, 2500 m., Cerrate 929; que-

brada pedregosa, 2300-2500 m., L6pez 802; Huacapistana, Valle de

Tarma, 2400 m., Velarde 722; Chanchamayo, Isern (Cuatrecasas

2417). Pr. Huancayo: Huancayo, alrededores, Soukup 3579.

Southern Peru to Ecuador.

Arracacia incisa Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 305. 1908.

Stout, caulescent, branching, 3-12 dm. high, the foliage squam-

ulose; leaves triangular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1-2.5 dm. long,

ternate-pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets triangular-ovate to ovate-

FLORA OF PERU 17

oblong, acute, cuneate or truncate at base, the lower distinct and

short-petiolulate, the upper sessile and the larger pinnately incised,

squamulose on margins and along veins on both surfaces, the lower

surface paler and reticulate, a squamulose tuft on the upper side of

the sulcate rachis at the base of the larger leaflets; petioles 8-16 cm.

long, narrowly sheathing at base, the sheaths scaberulous on the

veins; cauline leaves with wholly sheathing, inconspicuously inflated

petioles; inflorescence branching, the peduncles arising axially and

terminally, 2-12 cm. long, squamulose at apex; involucre wanting, or

of 1 or 2 sheathing bracts; fertile rays 4-8, stout, spreading-ascend-

ing, 1-4 cm. long, scaberulous at least at apex; involucel of 4-8,

obovate to lanceolate, scarious, denticulate-margined, unequal bract-

lets, 5-10 mm. long, the green central portion projecting as an

acuminate point, exceeding flowers but shorter than fruit; fertile

pedicels 2-6, stout, spreading, usually 2-5 mm. long, scaberulous;

flowers dark purple or greenish, the petals obovate; stylopodium de-

pressed, the styles slender, divaricate; carpophore 2-parted to base,

lax; fruit ovoid, 5-8 mm. long, 3.5-6 mm. broad, the ribs very prom-

inent and corky, acute; vittae small, 2-3 in the intervals, 3-6 on the

commissure, frequently some accessory ones under the ribs or in

the intervals; seed scarcely channeled under the intervals, the face

deeply sulcate.— F.M. Neg. 3472.

Ancash: Pr. Bolognesi: Capillapunta, Cerro al S. de Chiquian,

3560 m., Ferreyra 5712, Cerrate 155. — Cusco: Pr. Paucartambo: Pau-

cartambo Valley, Hacienda Churu, 3500 m., Herrera 1391; Ken-

cumayo, 3300 m., Woytkowski 199. Pr. Cusco: Cusco, Rose & Rose

19034. — Huanuco: Pr. Pachitea: steep rocky open grassy slope, Hua-

cachi, estacion near Muna, 6500 ft., Macbride 4163. — Lima: Pr.

Huarochiri: "in declivibus rupestribus prope Tambo, ad viam fer-

ream inter oppida Lima et Oroya," 2650 m., Weberbauer 165, type;

Viso, sandy hillside, 2800 m., Goodspeed, Stork & Norton 11540;

valley of Rio Rimac near Lima-Oroya highway at km. 90 east of

Lima, 3000 m., Goodspeed & Weberbauer 33059; Matucana, 8000 ft.,

Macbride & Featherstone 326, 2949; Rio Blanco, 12,000 ft., Macbride

& Featherstone 730. Pr. Canta: cerca a Culluay entre Canta y La

Viuda, 3600-3700 m., Ferreyra 12964— Pasco: Pr. D. Carrion: in

shrub on southwestern canyon slope, Yanahuanca, 10,000 ft., Mac-

bride & Featherstone 1244-

Known only from Peru.

This species and A. peruviana have been generally confused,

largely because of the inadequacy of the original description. The

18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

involucels of the two species are entirely distinct. Arracacia incisa,

with its conspicuous scarious involucels, deep purple flowers, and

blunt, prominently ribbed fruit, is one of the most distinctive species

of the genus. The taproot is fleshy and has a fragrance of anise.

Arracacia peruviana (Wolff) Const. Bull. Torrey Club 76: 45.

1949. Velaea peruviana Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 303. 1908.

Slender, branching, 6-9 dm. high, squamulose to scaberulous

throughout, the stem base clothed with dry sheaths, from a branched

taproot; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 dm. long, bipinnate, the leaflets

ovate to lanceolate, acute, cuneate at base, the lower distinct and

short-petiolulate, the terminal sessile and confluent, 2-5 cm. long,

1-4 cm. broad, coarsely sinuately lobed and mucronulate-serrate,

squamulose on veins and margins, the lower surface paler and retic-

ulate; petioles 1-3 dm. long, sheathing below; cauline leaves pinnate,

the uppermost with short, wholly sheathing petioles; inflorescence of

alternate axillary peduncles, 7-15 cm. long, squamulose at apex; in-

volucre wanting, or of a single leaf sheath; fertile rays 5-10, slender,

spreading, 4-8 mm. long, squamulose especially at apex; involucel

of 6-10 entire linear bractlets 5-9 mm. long, exceeding flowers but

shorter than fruit; fertile pedicels 2-6, spreading, 5-6 mm. long,

squamulose or scaberulous above; flowers reddish-brown, the petals

obovate; stylopodium depressed, the styles slender, spreading-erect;

carpophore unknown; fruit ovoid, 4-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad,

glabrous, the ribs filiform; vittae large, solitary in the intervals, 2 on

the commissure; seed face deeply and narrowly sulcate. — F.M. Neg.

28335.

Ancash: Pr. Cajatambo: infra Ocros, 3000-3200 m., Weberbauer

2748, type. — Ayacucho: Pr. Huanta: mountains northeast of Huanta,

Weberbauer 7513. — Lima: Pr. Yauyos: Cuchapaya-pampa, cerca (ar-

riba) a Tupe, 2830 m., Cerrate 1027. — Moquegua: Pr. Mariscal Nieto:

Carumas, Weberbauer 7269.

"Rainy-green formation," moist shrub areas, Peru, 2800 to 3200

meters.

Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft, Trans. Agr. Hort. Soc. Ja-

maica 1825 : 5. 1825. Conium arracacha Hook. Exot. Fl. pi. 152. 1825.

Arracacha esculenta DC. Bibl. Univ. Sci. & Arts 40: 78. 1829. Ban-

croftia xanthorrhiza Billb. Linn. Samf. Handl. 1: 40. 1833.

Stout, caulescent, branching, 5-12 dm. high, glaucous, the foliage

squamulose and scaberulous; leaves broadly ovate, 10-35 cm. long

FLORA OF PERU 19

and broad, biternate or bipinnate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate to

triangular-ovate, acuminate, cuneate to rounded at base, the lower

distinct and often short-petiolulate, the upper sessile and confluent,

4-12 cm. long, 1.5-6.5 cm. broad, coarsely simply or doubly mucro-

nate-serrate and incised or lobed, squamulose or scaberulous on ra-

chises, veins, and margins with flattened oblong or linear scales, the

lower surface pale and reticulate, a squamulose tuft on the upper

side of the sulcate rachis at the base of the larger leaflets; petioles

0.8-4.5 dm. long, sheathing only at base; cauline leaves reduced up-

ward, mostly ternate or 3-parted, with lanceolate, acuminate divi-

sions, the lower alternate and petiolate, the upper often opposite and

wholly sheathing with narrow, scarcely inflated sheaths; inflores-

cence branching, the peduncles arising in whorls or singly, 3-10 cm.

long, squamulose or scaberulous at apex; involucre wanting; fertile

rays 5-12, slender, spreading-ascending, 1.5^4 cm. long, scaberulous;

involucel of 5-8 linear, entire, unequal, herbaceous bractlets 2-5 mm.

long, shorter than flowers and fruit; fertile pedicels 3-8, slender,

spreading-ascending, 2-4 mm. long; flowers purple or greenish, the

petals oval; stylopodium depressed, the styles slender, ascending;

carpophore 2-parted to base; immature fruit oblong, 10 mm. long,

2-3 mm. broad, constricted below the apex, glabrous, the ribs prom-

inent, acute; vittae rather large, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the

commissure; seed channeled under the vittae, the face deeply sulcate.

Illustrations: Bot. Mag. 58: pi. 3092. 1831. DC. Mem. Soc. Phys.

G&ieve 6 : pi 1. 1833.

Cusco: Pr. Cusco: Colimas del Saxaihuaman, 3600 m., Herrera

858.— Lima: Pr. Huarochiri: Altura de Surco, 3000-3200 m., Fer-

reyra 679.

This is the commonly cultivated arracacha of northern South

America. Little is known of its domestication and its origin in the

wild. An account of the cultivation of the species is given by W. H.

Hodge, The Edible Arracacha, a little-known root crop of the Andes,

Economic Botany 8: 195-221. 1954.

AZORELLA Lam.

Fragosa Ruiz & Pav. Prodr. Fl. Peruv. 43: pi. 34. 1793. Chamitis

Banks ex Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 94, pi. 22, f. 4. 1788.

Low and spreading, usually cushion-forming glabrous or pubes-

cent perennial herbs. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous to fleshy or

coriaceous, simple and entire to 5-7-lobed. Petioles sheathing and

20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

persistent on the branches. Inflorescence of simple umbels; pedun-

cles terminal, or some or all umbels sessile. Involucre present, usually

hidden by the terminal leaves. Pedicels spreading-ascending or erect,

often elongate. Flowers greenish-white to yellow; petals oval, with-

out a narrower inflexed apex; calyx teeth prominent to obsolete;

styles short, persistent or not, the stylopodium conical to depressed.

Carpophore lacking. Fruit ovoid to orbicular, terete to somewhat

compressed dorsally, glabrous; ribs prominent to obscure; vittae

minute, solitary under the ribs, a woody endocarp surrounding the

seed cavity; seed sub terete to flattened dorsally in transection, the

face plane.

A characteristic genus of cushion plants of the high Andes and

lower latitudes of South America, commonly known as llareta, or

yareta, and used as fuel.

Plants forming hard, woody cushions 1 m. or more high; umbels

1-5-flowered.

Leaves entire; fruit orbicular, about 4.5 mm. long. . .A. compacta.

Leaves lobed; fruit ovate, about 2.5 mm. long.

Leaves shortly 3-lobed, the lobes subequal A. corymbosa.

Leaves shortly 5-lobed, the median lobe elongate. .A. pulvinata.

Plants forming low mats or cushions to about 10 cm. high; umbels

mostly more than 5-flowered.

Leaf blades linear, mostly entire A. diapensioides.

Leaf blades neither linear nor entire, crenate, toothed, or deeply

lobed.

Petioles narrowed above the sheath, leaf blades with mostly

obtuse lobes or crenations.

Leaf blades cuneate and decurrent, the margins usually shal-

lowly bilobed at apex A. biloba.

Leaf blades truncate to cordate, the margins crenate to cre-

nately lobed A. crenata.

Petioles pulvinate, leaf blades deeply 3-7-incised, the lobes

spinulose A. muUifida.

Azorella biloba (Schlecht.) Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 195, pi 66 B.

1860. Fragosa biloba Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 478. 1856. Azorella bi-

loba ft strigosa Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 195. 1860. ?A. biloba a normalis

f . subglabra Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3 (2) : 111. 1898.

FLORA OF PERU 21

Plants cespitose, 1-5 cm. high, from a long, stout taproot, acau-

lescent, the leaves clustered at the apex of the rootstock; leaves

petiolate, the petioles to 2.5 cm. long, sparsely strigose-setose, fibril-

lose and membranous, dilated below; leaf blades oblong, cuneate and

decurrent, 0.5-25 mm. long, 3-10 mm. broad, palmately nerved,

shallowly to deeply 2-lobed at the apex, rarely entire or inconspic-

uously 3-lobed, the lobes obtuse, cuneate, glabrous to densely stri-

gose; inflorescence sessile or short-pedunculate, mostly shorter than

the leaves, the peduncles more or less strigose-pilose, the hairs brown-

ish-white; involucral bracts several, shorter than the flowers, linear-

lanceolate, obtuse, ciliate-strigose especially on the margins; umbels

about 10-flowered, the flowers greenish-white or yellowish; pedicels

to 10 mm. long, glabrous; fruit ovate, about 2.5 mm. long, about

2 mm. broad, glabrous, the 3 dorsal ribs conspicuous; calyx teeth

prominent, deltoid; stylopodium depressed-conical, the styles per-

sistent.

Illustrations: Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: pi. 66 B. 1860. Bull. Inter-

nat. Ceska Akad. FT. Jos. 13: pi. 3, figs. 4, 5. 1909.

Cusco: Pr. Calca: paso de Amparacs, en rocas, 4500 m., Vargas

4044- Pr. Quispicanchis: Cordillera Ausangate, 4500 m., Rauh &

Hirsch 1189. Pr. Canchis: Uyumiri near Sicuani, 14,000 ft., Stafford

965. Pr. Cusco: Cord, de Cusco, Gay. — Junin: Acopalca-nevado,

plus 4000 m., Soukup 3704. — Puno: Pr. Carabaya: bajando abra de

Antapampa, laderas, 4300 m., Vargas 6838; 4150 m., Vargas 6848.

Carabaya, Lechler, type. Pr. Huancane": in pampa, Moho, 3125 m.,

Shepard 95.

High Andes to Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina.

Azorella compacta Phil. Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile 8: 28. 1891.

Laretia compacta Reiche, Anal. Univ. Chile 104: 784. 1899; Reiche,

Fl. Chile 3: 63. 1902. Azorella prismatoclada Domin, Repert. Sp.

Nov. 4: 297. 1907. A. columnaris Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 288. 1908.

A. yareta Hauman, Physis 4: 485, /. 3d, 4c, 5, 6. 1919.

Plants forming hard, dense cushions 1 m. or more high with

branching, woody, angular stems, clothed with old leaves; leaves

rosulate, sessile, thick, carinate, ovate to oblong, 3-6 mm. long,

1-4 mm. broad, expanded toward base, mucronate or obtuse, gla-

brous, the leaves on peripheral branches larger and sometimes hori-

zontally oriented; umbels sessile to short-pedunculate, 4-5-flowered;

pedicels 1-2 mm. long; fruit orbicular, about 4.5 mm. long and

broad, glabrous; calyx teeth persistent. — F.M. Neg. 28319.

22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Illustrations: Bull. Internat. Ceska Akad. FT. Jos. 13: pi 3,f. 13;

14: pi. 4, f. 4, 5. 1909. Drude in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. 3 (8):

131, /. 52. 1897. Reiche, Bot. Jahrb. 28: pi. 1, f. 16. 1899 (fruit

section).

Arequipa: Pr. Arequipa: Solitario, 4400 m., en rocas, Vargas

13113; cimbral i Salinas 4350 m., arenoso-pedrigosos, Vargas 12695.

Mount Chacani, near Arequipa, 17,000 ft., Bailey; near Arequipa,

16,400 ft., Douglass; crevices of rocks and rocky slopes, Nevado de

Chacani, 4300-4600 m., Pennell 13317; southern slope of Chacani,

near Arequipa, 15,000-16,000 ft., Bailey. Pr. Cailloma: Vincocaya,

Rose & Rose 18946; near Crucero Alto, in dense clumps, 2 ft. across,

15,000 ft., R. S. Williams 2504.— Moquegua: Pr. Mariscal Nieto:

Cordillera above Torata, 4300 m., Weberbauer 7477. — Puno: Pr. Chu-

cuito: entre Chilliwa i Mazocruz, Livini, 4100-4600 m., Vargas 13012.

To Argentina, Bolivia and Chile.

This species is a source of firewood in the high Andes where it is

commonly known as yareta. We believe this taxon to be quite dis-

tinct from the genus Laretia to which it has been referred. In habit

as well as in other morphological characters A. compacta is closely

related to A. corymbosa. A discussion of this plant has been pub-

lished by W. H. Hodge, Yareta, Fuel Umbellifer of the Andean

puna, Econ. Bot. 14: 113-118. 1960.

Azorella corymbosa (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. 1: 303. 1805. Fragosa

corymbosa R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 27, pi. 250, f. a. 1802.

Plants cespitose forming large hard cushions, branching from

a woody caudex, the branches clothed with old leaves; leaves rosulate,

the blades pulvinate, truncate, 3-4 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad,

deeply 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, glabrous on the dorsal surface,

sparsely fibrillose ventrally, palmately veined, the veins departing

from the apex of the dilated petiole; petioles 7-8 mm. long, wholly

pulvinate, fibrillose especially on the margins; umbel sessile, few-

flowered, the pedicels stout, swollen above, 7-10 mm. long, glabrous;

fruit ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, the ribs incon-

spicuous; calyx teeth inconspicuous; stylopodium depressed, the

styles not persistent. — F.M. Neg. 18267.

Huanuco: Ruiz & Pavdn, type. Pr. Pachitea: in mounds on

rocky outcrops, Tambo de Vaca, 13,000 ft., Macbride 4899.

Andes of Ecuador and Peru.

FLORA OF PERU 23

Azorella crenata (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. 1: 303. 1805. Fragosa

crenata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 27, pi 249, f. c. 1802. F. reniformis

R. & P. I.e. 26, pi. 249, f. b. F. cladorrhiza R. & P. I.e. 27, pi 250,

f. b. Azorella "cladorhisa" Pers. Syn. 1: 303. 1805. A. reniformis

Pers. I.e. Bolax dadorrhizus Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 6:

362. 1820. B. crenatus Spreng. I.e. ? Fragosa glabra Lag. Amen. Nat.

2: 93. 1821. Azorella crenata ft compacta Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 195.

1860. A. crenata var. mutisiana Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 20 : Beibl. 49 : 71.

1895. A. mutisiana Hieron. ex Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 266. 1921.

Plants cespitose, 2-12 cm. high, from a long slender branching

root, acaulescent and cushion-forming; leaves clustered at apex of

rootstock, petiolate, the petioles 0.3-10 cm. long, densely strigose-

pilose, fibrillose below; leaf blades obovate to orbicular, 0.4-18 mm.

long, 4-20 mm. broad, obtuse, the margins entire below, crenate to

crenately lobed above, the lobes mostly obtuse, subglabrous to hirsute-

pilose above, more or less strigose beneath with grayish-white hairs,

the hairs to 4 mm. long, the primary nerves 5-9, palmate; peduncles

1-3 cm. long, densely strigose-pilose with grayish-white hairs, shorter

than the leaves; involucral bracts 5-7, equaling or exceeding the

pedicels, linear-lanceolate, acute, conspicuously pilose especially on

the margins; umbels 5-12-flowered, the flowers greenish-white to

yellowish; pedicels 2-7 mm. long, glabrous to pilose; fruit sub-

globose, 2-3 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal

ribs conspicuous; calyx teeth prominent; stylopodium conical, the

styles persistent.— F.M. Negs. 18266, 3430, 37074.

Illustrations: Bull. Internat. Ceska Akad. Fr. Jos. 13: pi 3, f. 2.

1909. Weberbauer, Vegetat. Erde 12: 209, /. 44- 1911; El Mundo

Veg. And. Per. 371, /. 26. 1945.

Ancash: Conchucos, 4500 m., Weberbauer 7240. — Cusco: puna,

Rio Marcapata, 3800 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1266. Pr. Anta: Cordillera

Salcantay, 4500 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1447. — Huancavelica: arriba

de Laria, Dist. Conico, 3800-3950 m., Tovar 2494.— Huanuco: Pr.

Huamalies: Monzon, Weberbauer 3319; Huamalies, Ruiz & Pav6n,

type of Fragosa cladorrhiza. Pr. Huanuco: puna de Panao, Asplund

13716; Mito, 9000 ft., Macbride & Feather stone 1787.— Junin: Pr.

Junin : tundra vegetation from Lago Capillacocha to Lago Aguacocha,

north of Carhuamayo, 4200-4400 m., Constance & Tovar 3596;

Pampa de Junin, 26 km. southeast of Junin, open grassy steppe,

4100 m., Constance & Tovar 3589. Pr. Tarma: punas de Tarma,

3900 m., Cerrate 981; 3800^000 m., L6pez 833; Tarma, Ruiz &

Pavdn, type of Fragosa crenata. Pr. Yauli: Mar Tunel, 4000 m.,

24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Velarde 1960. Pr. Huancayo: quebradas east of Huancayo, 3400 m.,

Stork & Horton 10213. — Pasco: Cord. Raura, puna, 4300 m., Rauh

& Hirsch 1837. Pr. Oxapampa: cumbre entre Capillacocha y Pau-

cartambo, estepa de gramineas, 4300-4500 m., Ferreyra 5187. —

Piura: Huancabamba (Piura Divide), 10,000 ft., Sandeman 4312. —

Without locality: Dombey; Ruiz; Mutis ex Herb. Humboldt; Ruiz

& Pavdn.

Paramos and grass steppes at 3000 to 4500 meters altitude in

the Andes, from Venezuela to Peru.

Azorella diapensioides A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes Exped. 1: 702.

1854. A. diapensioides 0 glabra Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 190. 1860.

?A. diapensioides a denticulata Wedd. I.e. A. glabra Wedd. I.e.

pi. 67 A. 1860. ? A. lehmanii Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 20: Beibl. 49:

71. 1895.

Plants cespitose, forming hard, dense, somewhat convex bright

green to blue-green cushions to 10 cm. high and 50 cm. across,

branching from a woody caudex, the branches clothed with per-

sistent leaf sheaths; leaves rosulate, the leaf blades linear, 4-10

mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, obtuse, apiculate to spinulose-tipped,

decurrent, entire or the outermost rarely 1-3-lobed, the lateral lobes

short, glabrous to sparingly strigose; petioles to 10 mm. long, pul-

vinate below, narrowed to the blade, sparingly fibrillose on the

margins; umbels sessile, several-flowered, the flowers pale yellow

to greenish; pedicels stout, to 4 mm. long, glabrous; fruit 2.5 mm.

long, about 2 mm. broad, the ribs inconspicuous; calyx teeth in-

conspicuous; stylopodium depressed, the styles not persistent.

Illustrations: Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. 3 (8): 127, /. 50. 1897.

Schimper, Pflanzen-Geogr. 782, f. 441 (1 & 2}. 1898. Jour. N. Y.

Bot. Card. 33: 55, /. 1, 2. 1932.

Apurimac: Soroccha Pass on trail Chincheros-Andahuaylas,

open puna and among rocks, 4300 m., West 3740. — Arequipa: Pr.

Arequipa: hacia el Solitario, 4400 m., pedregoso, Vargas 13114- —

Cusco: Vargas 5592. Pr. Espinar: alrededores de Yauri, 3900 m.,

Vargas 12077. — Huancavelica: Pr. Huancavelica: puna, Huancavel-

ica, 3700 m., Rauh & Hirsch 360a. — Junin: Pr. Junin: tundra vege-

tation from Lago Capillacocha to Lago Aguacocha, north of Car-

huamayo, 4200-4400 m., Constance & Tovar 3593, 3595; Hondores,

southeast of Laguna Junin, between Junin and San Bias, open

grass steppe, 4200 m., Constance & Tovar 3592; Pampa de Junin,

26 km. southeast of Junin, open grass steppe, 4100 m., Constance

FLORA OF PERU 25

& Tovar 3590. Pr. Yauli: 25 km. northeast of La Oroya toward

Tarma, bare open grass steppe, 4000 m., Constance & Tovar 3585;

Ticlio, stony slope, 4900 m., Asplund 11656; Paso de Anticona,

4500 m., Cerrate 992; Mar Tunel, 4000 m., Velarde 1952.— Lima:

high Andes, Casa Caucha, Wilkes Expedition. Casapalca, 15,500

ft. in mats on slopes of alpine basin, Macbride & Featherstone 847. —

Pasco: Cord. Raura, puna, 4300 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1845. Pr.

Pasco: Cerro de Pasco, 4400 m., Vargas 6596; Huaron, naked earth,

4200 m., Asplund 11804. — Puno: Pr. Chucuita: hacia Chilliwa, 4100

m., Vargas 13010. Pr. Puno: near Puno, 4000 m., Soukup 210, 214.

Pr. Lampa: Santa Lucia, Stordy; crece terrenes mui humedos i

resiste hasta 5000 m. altura, Stordy 32. — Tacna: Pr. Tacna: Tacora,

Weddell (type of A. diapensioides a denticulata). — Without definite

locality: Andes, McLean. Alpamarca, Andes, Crooke.

Common in grass steppes or puna and also in crevices of rocks,

forming dense cushions, or hard, thin, somewhat convex mats. Lo-

cally used as fuel and known as cuncuma, estrella chica, yareta and

llareta. High Andes to Bolivia.

Azorella multifida (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. 1: 303. 1805. Fragosa

multifida R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3 : 27, pi. 249, f. a. 1802. Bolax multifidus

Spreng. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: 362. 1820. Azorella laxa

Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 288. 1908. A. weberbaueri Wolff, I.e. 287. 1908.

Plants forming small convex, bluish-green, gray to bright green

mats to 75 cm. across, loosely branching near periphery, the branches

clothed above with persistent leaf sheaths; leaves rosulate, the

leaf blades thin, ovate to oblong, 3-13 mm. long, to 10 mm. broad,

decurrent, 3-7-incised-lobed, the lobes spinulose-tipped, the margins

entire or serrulate, the median lobe elongate, glabrous dorsally,

more or less fibrillose above, pinnately veined; petioles pulvinate

below, to 20 mm. long, fibrillose especially on margins; umbels

sessile, several-flowered, the flowers greenish-white to yellowish;

pedicels slender, to 8 mm. long, only slightly enlarged at apex;

calyx teeth not persistent; fruit ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm.

broad; stylopodium low-conical, the styles very short, erect. — F.M.

Neg. 3429.

Illustrations: Rich. Ann. Ge"n. Sci. Phys. 4: pi. 51, no. 4- 1820.

Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: pi. 66 C. 1860.

Ancash: Pr. Bolognesi: Chiquian, Pampa de Lampas, 4100 m.,

Cerrate 1526; Mahuay, 4700 m., Cerrate 2223. — Apurimac: Pr. Anda-

26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

huaylas: km. 165 carretera entre Andahuaylas y Chincheros, puna,

3500 m., Ferreyra 2808. Pr. Abancay: entre Urahuasi y Abancay

(km. 24), 3400 m., Ferreyra 2786; km. 45 east of Abancay, at Say-

huite, 3600 m., Hutchison 1744; Ampay, 3200-3800 m., Vargas 8406.

— Ayacucho: Pr. Huananga: 75 mi. south of Ayacucho on road to

Abancay, beginning descent to Ocros, 4000 m., Hutchison 1707. —

Cajamarca: Pr. Hualgayoc: montanas de Nancho, 10,800 ft., Rai-

mondi 1750, 1749. Pr. Cutervo: Cutervo, Jelski 1114. — Cusco: Pr.

Cusco: between Cusco y Chinchero, 3800 m., West 7167. Pr. Quis-

picanchis: Cord. Ausangate, 4800 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1257. Pr.

Anta: Cordillera Salcantay, 4500 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1415. Pr.

Urubamba: Cordillera Veronica, puna, 4100 m., Rauh & Hirsch

998; Pacechac, Urubamba Valley, Hill 186, 185, Mathews 516. —

Huancavelica: arriba de Laria, Dist. Conico, 3000-3950 m., Tovar

2495. Pr. Tayacaja: Hda. Huari, 3700 m., Velarde 2013.— Huanuco:

Pr. Dos de Mayo: Cordillera Huayhuash, 4300 m., Rauh & Hirsch

1843; Huayhuash, rocks, 4100 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1888. Pr. Huama-

lies: in montibus a Monzon, 3400-3500 m., Weberbauer 3341, type

of Azorella laxa. — Junin: Pr. Junin: tundra vegetation from Lago

Capillacocha to Lago Aguacocha, north of Carhuamayo, 4200-

4400 m., Constance & Tovar 3594, 3597; encima de la laguna de

Capillacocha, cerca a Carhuamayo, 4300 m., Ferreyra 3926; tundra

vegetation above Lago Aguacocha, north of Carhuamayo, 4400 m.

Constance & Tovar 3598; Hondores, southeast of Laguna Junin be-

tween Junin and San Bias, 4200 m., Constance & Tovar 3591. Pr.

Tarma: entre Oroya & Tarma, 4000 m., Velarde 606. Pr. Yauli:

alrededores de Yauli, 3500-3600 m., Tovar 3024. San Jose*, 13,000

ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1103. — La Libertad: Pr. Bolivar: La-

guna de los Ichus, Bolivar, 3600 m., L6pez & Sagastegui 3244- —

Lima: Pr. Huarochiri: supra Lima, 4600 m., Weberbauer 5180, type

of Azorella weberbaueri. — Pasco: Pr. Pasco: Cerro de Pasco, calcare-

ous rock, 4300 m., Asplund 11767; "in frigidissimus Andium inter

Cerro de Pasco de fodinas Gallquijirca," Poeppig (?); puna, Cord.

Raura, 4400 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1817. — Piura: Pr. Huancabamba:

above Huancabamba, road to Conchaque, 3100 m., Hutchison 1625.

— Puno: Pr. Carabaya: abra Antapampa-juro-juro, 4300 m., Vargas

6841. — Without definite locality: Dombey, type; Ruiz & Pavon.

Forming large branched prostrate mats at high elevations in

the Andes to Colombia and Bolivia. Locally known as pasapamaquin

and yareta. Frequent in moist locations on grass steppes or puna

or among rocks.

FLORA OF PERU 27

Azorella pulvinata Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 194, pi. 66 A. 1860.

Plants forming great cushions, several meters broad, branching

from a woody caudex, the branches clothed with persistent leaf

sheaths; leaves rosulate, the leaf blades about 3 mm. long, shortly

5-lobed, the median lobe longer than the lateral, glabrous dorsally,

the ventral surface densely clothed with long white hairs giving

the upper surface of the cushion a frosted appearance, palmately

veined, the veins departing from the apex of the dilated petiole;

petioles wholly pulvinate, about 7 mm. long, fibrillose on margins;

umbels sessile, ?l-flowered; pedicels stout, to 6 mm. long; fruit

oblong, about 2.5 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad, the ribs in-

conspicuous; calyx teeth inconspicuous; stylopodium depressed-

conical, the styles short.

Illustrations: Bull. Internat. Ceska Akad. Fr. Jos. 13: pi. 3,

f. 11. 1909. Weberbauer, Vegetat. Erde 12: 200, /. 30. 1911. El

Mundo Veg. And. Per. 378, /. 55. 1945. Math. & Const. Bull.

Torrey Club84:/. 1. 1957.

Ancash: Pr. Pallasca: Cordillera of Palagatos, 4450 m., Weber-

bauer 7242. — Cusco: Pr. Anta: Salcantay, 4700 m., Rank & Hirsch

1483. — Huanuco: Pr. Dos de Mayo: Huayhuash, 4900 m., rocks,

Rauh & Hirsch 1887.

High Andes to Bolivia, at the upper limits of vegetation.

BOWLESIA R. & P.

Erect, prostrate or vining, slender, herbaceous, caulescent,

branching, stellate-pubescent and/or stellate-glochidiate to glabrate,

annuals or perennials, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate to

subsessile above, stipulate, alternate or opposite, membranaceous,

simple, palmately veined and palmately lobed or divided. Petioles

not sheathing, the stipules scarious, lacerate. Inflorescence of simple,

few-flowered, subcompact umbels. Peduncles slender, axillary and

terminal. Involucre of a few subulate, lacerate bracts or obsolete.

Pedicels very short or obsolete. Flowers white, greenish-yellow,

pinkish, or purplish; petals oblong to ovate, obtuse; calyx teeth

prominent, ciliate, or obsolete; styles short, equaling to slightly

exceeding the low-conic stylopodium. Carpophore lacking. Fruit

broadly ovoid to narrowly oblong, constricted at the commissure

and flattened dorsally or terete, the carpels plane or concave dorsally,

the fruit thus appearing 2- or 4-winged, glabrate to stellate-pubescent

28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

or glochidiate; ribs obsolete; vittae obsolete; seed flattened dorsally

in transection, the face plane or convex.

A genus of about 12-15 species, widely distributed throughout

temperate South America, extending to Mexico and the south-

western United States.

Calyx and involucre evident; ovaries, fruits, and stems stellate-

pubescent, soft to the touch.

Upper umbels, or all of them, subsessile; fruit globose, inflated

and becoming indented dorsally, unwinged B. incana.

Umbels usually all pedunculate; fruit ovoid or ovate, strongly

flattened and either plane or concave dorsally, thus appearing

2- or 4-winged.

Ovaries and lower leaf surfaces densely stellate-pannose or

-tomentose at least when young; lobes of basal and lower

cauline leaves usually subequal, broadest near middle; petals

usually conspicuously stellate-pubescent dorsally.

B. tropaeolifolia.

Ovaries and lower leaf surfaces stellate-hirsutulous (or the former

rarely glabrous) ; central leaf lobe usually markedly longer

than the others, the lobes all broadest at base; petals

usually glabrous B. lobata.

Calyx and involucre obsolete or very inconspicuous; ovaries and

fruits armed with glochids; stems beset with hard stellate

processes, harsh to the touch.

Fruit glochids very slender, "asteroid," with 4-6 very short sub-

rotate rays B. flabilis.

Fruit glochids slender, "coprinoid," with 8-12 slender, closely

reflexed rays.

Leaves divided to base, the leaflets pinnately parted.

B. palmata.

Leaves usually not lobed more than halfway to base, the leaf-

lets few-toothed to entire.

Stems scabrous with mostly 8-rayed processes; fruit dark

brown, oblong-ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad.

B. setigera.

Stems scabrous with mostly 4-rayed processes, to glabrous;

fruit light brown, ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad.

Stems rather stout, armed with usually 4-rayed processes;

both carpels equally armed with glochids 0.5-1 mm.

long B. sodiroana.

FLORA OF PERU 29

Stems filiform, subglabrate; one of each pair of carpels

subglabrate, the other with glochids less than 0.5 mm.

long B. tenella.

Bowlesia flabilis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 32. 1931. Drusa

acutangula Drude in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. 3 (8): 126. 1897.

Bowlesia palmata var. acutangula Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3 (2) : 112. 1898,

not B. acutangula Benth. 1856.

Annual, prostrate to ascending and scandent, 1.5-10 dm. long,

dichotomously branched from a slender taproot, the stems sparsely

to densely scabrous with sessile or short-stalked, 4-rayed stellate

processes, the young foliage and inflorescence stellate-hirsute; lower

leaves alternate, the upper alternate or opposite, petiolate, thinly

membranaceous or occasionally somewhat thicker, the basal and

lower cauline orbicular-reniform, 1-6 cm. long, 1.2-7.5 cm. broad,

cordate to truncate at base, palmately 3-, 5-, or 7-lobed about to

middle, with narrow to broad sinuses, the lobes lanceolate to ovate,

acute, subequal or the terminal larger, entire or the larger with 1

or 2 lateral teeth or lobes, strigose or strigulose above at least

on veins, with simple hairs, hirsutulous beneath with sessile or

short-stalked, 4-rayed (cruciate) stellate hairs, bristly on veins and

at summit of petiole, the petioles slender, 1.5-7.5 cm. long, somewhat

bristly, dilated at base into an oval, scarious-margined sheath bearing

3-6 pairs of linear to linear-lanceolate, hyaline, acuminate, stipular

processes 1-3 mm. long; upper cauline leaves reduced, narrower,

truncate at base, usually 3-lobed or entire; peduncles obsolete, the

umbels usually 1-4-flowered, subsessile in leaf axils of main stem

or on slender axillary branches; involucre apparently lacking, but

stipules and pedicel hairs often forming a concealing semi-involucre;

flowers greenish-white; calyx obsolete; petals oval to ovate, 0.4-0.6

mm. long, plane, glabrous, subacute; ovaries glochidiate-roughened;

pedicels up to 1 mm. long, densely white-hirsute, spreading; fruit

broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 2.5-4 mm. long, 1.8-2.5 mm. broad,

4-winged, narrowed at apex, a little cordate at base, the carpels

strongly flattened dorsally, concave dorsally, the commissural face

convex, usually sparsely stellate with sessile or subsessile, mostly

4-rayed hairs on the dorsal face and with or without 2 rows of hairs

on the commissural face, the margins and dorsal ribs conspicuously

armed with a border of prominently stalked, very shortly 4-6-rayed

"asteroid" glochids, the rays spreading-reflexed, the stalks unequal,

up to 2 mm. long.

30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Illustration: PeYez-Moreau, Physis 12: 86, /. 1. 1936 (as Drusa

acutangula).

Cusco: Pr. Calca: Pisac, ca. 3200 m., Velarde 1343. Pr. Uru-

bamba: Ollantaytambo, ca. 3000 m., Cook & Gilbert 367a, 872, 1201.

— Huancavelica: Pr. Huancavelica: Peccsuca, 5 km. east of Conaica,

Tovar 277. — Huanuco: Pr. Huanuco: wood-clearing, Mito, Macbride

& Feather stone 1718, type. — Junin: Pr. Huancayo: Huancayo, Soukup

1987.

Rocky places in the Andes, from Ecuador to Bolivia and northern

Argentina, at elevations of 2200 to 3480 meters; also in Mexico.

Locally known as opuisoro and uphuisuru and considered a styptic

to stop flow of blood; also used for the lungs.

Bowlesia incana R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 28, pi. 268, f. a. 1802.

B. tenera Spreng. Syst. 1: 880. 1825. B. geraniifolia Cham. &

Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 382. 1826. B. nodiflora Presl ex DC. Prodr. 4:

75. 1830. B. rotundifolia Phil. Linnaea 28: 651. 1856. B. incana f.

tenera Urban, Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1) : 292, /. 7811. 1879. B. incana

f. crassifolia Urban, I.e. B. brevipes Phil, ex Reiche, Fl. Chile 3: 59.

1902, nomen in synon. B. septentrionalis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S.

Nat. Herb. 7: 31. 1900. B. rubra Larranga, Escritos Larranga 2: 112.

1923. B. asiatica Nasir, Madrono 12: 217, figs. 1-11. 1954.

Illustrations: Spreng. Sp. Umbell. pi. 5, f. 10. 1818. Engl. &

Prantl, Pflanzenf . 3 (8) : 125, /. 49A-F. 1897. Cabrera, Man. Fl.

Buenos Aires 347, /. 128E-G. 1958.

This species was described by Ruiz and Pavon as "habitat in

Peruviae collibus ad Huanuci, Rondos et Pillao tractus." The only

collection examined which purports to be from Peru is the ostensible

isotype: Dombey, "In Peruvia," at Chicago Natural History Mu-

seum, and also F.M. Neg. 3410 of Berlin isotype. To our knowledge

the species has not been collected in Peru since, and it is presumed

that the original collections were actually obtained in Chile. Bow-

lesia incana is weedy and has become widely distributed as a weed

but, curiously enough, not in Peru.

Bowlesia lobata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 28, pi. 251, f. b. 1802.

?B. diversifolia Meyen, Reise, 1 : 447. 1834, nomen. B. palmata var.

/3 A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes Exped. 1: 696. 1854, in part. B. acutangula

Benth. PI. Hartw. 186. 1856. B. palmata /3 acutangula Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 3 (2) : 112. 1898. Drusa acutangula Drude in Engl. & Prantl,

Pflanzenf. 3 (8): 126. 1897, as to name only. B. acutiloba Wolff,

Bot. Jahrb. 40: 284. 1908.

FLORA OP PERU 31

Perennial, vining, 3-6 dm. high or long, dichotomously branched

from a multicipital caudex terminating in a slender taproot, the

stems sparsely stellate with 4-5 (-8) -rayed sessile or stalked stellate

hairs, or glabrate, the young foliage and inflorescence stellate-

hirsutulous; leaves mainly opposite, weakly clustered toward base,

petiolate, thinly membranaceous, the basal and lower cauline orbic-

ular-reniform to broadly ovate, 1-7 cm. long, 1-7.5 cm. broad,

strongly cordate and usually with a narrow sinus, palmately (3-)

5-7 (-9) -lobed about to the middle, the lobes oval or ovate-triangular

to lanceolate, obtuse to acute or acuminate, broadest at base, the

terminal usually longer than the others, all entire to shallowly trilo-

bulate, weakly bristly-mucronulate, strigose or strigulose above with

mostly simple or 2-3-forked hairs, thinly hirsutulous beneath with

short-stalked or sessile 4-8-rayed stellate hairs, the petiole slender,

2-12 cm. long, dilated into an oval sheath, its margin bearing 1-5

pairs of linear to lanceolate, hyaline, acute or acuminate, fimbriate

stipular processes 1-3 mm. long; upper cauline leaves, or all but the

lowermost, reduced and shorter-petiolate upward, entire or 3-lobed

and truncate or rounded; inflorescence of solitary or paired axillary

peduncles bearing simple umbels, the umbels 1-3 (-5) -flowered;

peduncles weak, short to very slender, 0.5-6 cm. long; involucre

of several stipule-like hyaline linear or lanceolate bracts; flowers

white or rose- or purple-tinged; calyx lobes linear to linear-lanceolate,

hyaline, 0.5-1 mm. long, somewhat persistent, reflexed, shorter than

petals; petals oblong-oval to oval, 1-2 mm. long, plane, glabrous

or sparsely stellate-pubescent dorsally, a little narrowed at either

end; ovaries usually stellate-pubescent, less commonly glabrous;

pedicels 0.5-2.5 mm. long, or abortive, spreading or recurved; fruit

ovoid or ovoid-triangular, 1.5-3 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, 2-

or 4-winged, narrowed at apex, a little cordate, the carpels strongly

flattened dorsally, plane or concave dorsally, the commissural face

lightly convex, sparsely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces with

sessile, 4-8-rayed hairs, or glabrous. — F.M. Negs. 3412, 31815.

"In peruvia ad Chancay, etc." Ruiz; "in peruviae Andium al-

pibus versus Pillao vicum, in locis apricis et fruticetis," Ruiz, type.

— Cusco: Pr. Paucartambo: Llulluchayocc, 3750 m., Vargas 1+298. —

Cusco-Puno: Pucara, Weberbauer 453. — Lima: Pr. Huarochiri: be-

tween Rio Blanco and Chicla, ca. 3600 m., Asplund 11306; Rio

Blanco, 3000-3500 m., Kittip & Smith 21605. Pr. Yauyos: Capia,

abajo de Tupe, 2800 m., Cerrate & Tovar 1085. Pr. Canta: Obrajillo,

Wilkes Expedition.

32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Andes of Ecuador, central and southern Peru, Bolivia and north-

western Argentina, at elevations of 1600 to 4600 meters.

Bowlesia palmata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 28, pi. 251, f. a. 1802.

B. palmata a lacerata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3 (2) : 112. 1898.

Annual, erect, prostrate or climbing, 3-12 dm. long, dichoto-

mously branched from a slender taproot, the stems densely scabrous

with short-stalked or sessile, 4-rayed stellate processes, the young

foliage and inflorescence densely hirsutulous with stellate and sim-

ple hairs; lower leaves alternate, the others opposite, petiolate, thinly

membranaceous, the basal and cauline ovate to orbicular-reniform,

1.5-5 cm. long, 2-7 cm. broad, cordate to truncate, palmately 3- or

5-parted nearly to base, with rather narrow sinuses, the lobes lan-

ceolate to ovate, subequal, entire to laciniately dissected, acute or

acuminate, bristly mucronate, strigose above with mostly simple

large trichomes, or a few smaller 2-4-forked hairs intermixed, hir-

sutulous beneath with sessile or subsessile, 4-6-rayed stellate hairs,

the petioles slender, slightly dilated at base into a margin bearing

3-8 pairs of linear-filiform, hyaline stipular processes 1-^4 mm. long;

the uppermost cauline leaves reduced, narrower and shorter-petiolate,

usually 3-lobed; peduncles usually abortive, or some rarely elongate

(up to 3.5 cm. long!), the 1-4-flowered umbels sessile or subsessile in

leaf axils; involucre apparently lacking; flowers greenish-yellow or

yellowish-white; calyx lobes abortive, lanceolate, up to 0.2 mm. long;

petals oval, 0.5-0.7 mm. long, plane, glabrous, narrowed at apex;

ovaries sparsely covered with sessile or subsessile stellate hairs, the

margins and dorsal midrib armed with stalked glochids; pedicels

abortive, up to 1 mm. long; fruit triangular-ovoid, 2.5-4 mm. long,

2-3 mm. broad, narrowed at apex, strongly flattened dorsally,

strongly concave dorsally with inrolled margins, 4-winged, the com-

missural surface convex, sparsely stellate on both surfaces with

usually 8-rayed hairs, the margins and dorsal midribs armed with

very slender, stalked, "coprinoid," 8-12-rayed glochids up to 2 mm.

long, their rays sharply reflexed.

Illustrations: Rich. Ann. Ge"n. Sci. Phys. 4: pi. 51, f. 3. 1820.

Weberbauer, Vegetat. Erde 12: 142, /. 12. 1911; El Mundo Veg.

And. Per. 231, /. 18. 1945.

"Peru," Dombey, type. — Ancash: Pr. Bolognesi: Conay, 6 km.

abajo de Chiquian, 2600 m., Ferreyra 7.40-4, Cerrate 600. Pr. Casma:

Lomas de Lupin, Mathias 3671. — Arequipa: Pr. Islay: Mollendo,

Hitchcock 22390; 10 km. east of Islay, 300 m., Worth & Morrison

FLORA OF PERU 33

15718, 15714. Pr. Caraveli: Lomas de Capace, km. 651, several km.

east of gas station "Call" and up canyon, 250 m., Hutchison 1308. —

La Libertad: Pr. Trujillo: Cerro Campana, 500 m., Ldpez 091 4, que-

brada bottom, 750 m., Hutchison 1359. — Lima: Pr. Lima: Lima,

Isern 2516; San Geronimo, ca. 500 ft., Macbride 5897; Lomas de

Amancaes, 420 m., Ferreyra 3962, 400 m., Ferreyra 11825, 250 m.,

Soukup 3121, 200-600 m., Pennell 15927; Atacongo Lomas, 525 m.,

Stork, Horton & Vargas 9285, 300 m., Ferreyra 183; Cerros al norte

de Chosica, 1800-1900 m., Weberbauer 886; Hacienda Pando, Soukup

2561; Santa Clara, Rose & Rose 18618, Pr. Chancay: Lomas de

Pacar (Pativilca), 300 m., Velarde 2322; Lomas de Pativilca, 5 km.

north of Barranca, 300 m., Stork, Horton & Vargas 9224; Cerro north

of Barranca, 80 m., Beetle 9088; Lomas de Lachay cerca a Chancay,

400-560 m., Ferreyra 3873, 8727, 500 m., Velarde 2277, Mathias 3674,

300-400 m., Cerrate 841, 400 m., Ridoutt.

Moist slopes of coastal lomas and higher hills, from southern

Ecuador and throughout western, northern and central Peru (to

northern Bolivia?), at elevations of 80 to 2600 meters.

Bowlesia setigera Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 385. 1908. B. lobata

var. chiclensis Ball, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22: 40. 1885, mistakenly

published as "chilensis"!

Rather stout annual, decumbent at base and ascending, 1-5 dm.

long, more or less dichotomously branched from a slender taproot,

the stems stout, densely to sparsely scabrous with sessile or short-

stalked, mostly 8-rayed stellate hairs or platelets, the young foliage

and inflorescence stellate-hirsutulous; lower leaves alternate, the

upper opposite, petiolate, thinly membranaceous, the basal and lower

cauline orbicular-reniform, 1-4 cm. long, l;,5Ht cm. broad, narrowly

cordate, palmately 3-7-lobed to below middle with rather narrow

sinuses, the lobes narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, en-

tire or with 1 or 2 lateral teeth, strongly bristly mucronate, strigose

above with forked or few-branched bristles, hirsutulous beneath with

sessile or stalked 5-8-rayed stellate hairs, often bristly on veins and

margins, the petioles slender, 1-4 cm. long, stellate-hirsute and

bristly, dilated into an oval sheath, its margins bearing 3-8 pairs of

linear, hyaline, acute, entire stipular processes 2-5 mm. long; upper

cauline leaves like the basal, only the uppermost sometimes reduced,

subsessile, and trilobed; peduncles very slender (to 5 cm.) to abortive,

usually paired in middle and upper leaf axils, the umbels 2-5-flowered;

involucre of an inconspicuous tuft of linear stipule-like bracts, or

34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

usually lacking; flowers greenish-white; calyx lobes obsolete; petals

oval, about 0.8 mm. long, plane, glabrous, a little narrowed at either

end; ovaries rather densely covered with sessile, mostly 8-rayed stel-

late hairs and stalked glochids; pedicels up to 1 mm. long, or abortive;

fruit dark brown, oblong-ovoid, 3-^4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad,

more or less 4-angled, a little cordate, the carpels compressed and

concave dorsally, their margins inrolled, the commissural face con-

vex, stellate-pubescent on both surfaces with mostly 8-rayed hairs,

the margins and dorsal midribs densely armed with prominently

stalked, usually shortly 8-12-rayed "coprinoid" glochids, the stalks

up to 1 or 1.5 mm. long. — F.M. Neg. 3417.

"Canruru, Andes Peruvie"nne," Savatier. "Peru," Wilkes Expe-

dition. Ancash: Pr. Cajatambo: prope Ocros, 3200-2400 m., Weber-

bauer 2659, type. — Lima: Pr. Huarochiri: Rio Blanco, 3000-3500 m.,

Killip & Smith 216^1; "ex regione media Andium Peruviae, in con-

valle fluminis Rimac, 6-11000' s. m.," Ball; "ex saxosis Andium

Peruviae juxta pagum Chicla, 12-13000' s. m.," Ball, type of B. lo-

bata var. chiclensis; valley of Rio Rimac, near Lima-Oroya highway

at km. 70 east of Lima, alt. 1850 m., Goodspeed 33126; Infiernillo,

entre San Mateo i Rio Blanco, carretera Lima-Huancayo, 3300-

3350 m., Ferreyra 7006, in part.

Southern Ecuador to central Peru, at elevations of 1850 to 3500

meters.

Bowlesia sodiroana Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: Beih. 91: 49. 1907.

Bowlesia sp. Muiioz, Sinop. Fl. Chil. pi. 191. 1959.

Annual, prostrate or ascending or subscandent, 0.5-6 dm. long,

dichotomously branched from a slender taproot, the stems slender,

scabrous with short-stalked or sessile, mostly 4- (occasionally 5-, 6-,

or 8-) rayed stellate scales, the young foliage and inflorescence white-

hirsute with simple and stellate hairs; lower leaves alternate, the

upper opposite, petiolate, thinly membranaceous, the basal and lower

cauline ovate to orbicular-reniform, 1-4 cm. long, 1.5-5.5 cm. broad,

cordate, palmately 3-, 5-, or 7-lobed very shallowly or to well below

middle, the lobes ovate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, subequal

or the terminal elongate, coarsely toothed or shallowly lobed to en-

tire, bristly mucronate, strigose above with large, simple or distally

forked barbellate trichomes and sometimes a few smaller 2-4-forked

hairs, hirsute or hirsutulous beneath with short-stalked, usually 4-

(sometimes 6- or 8-) rayed stellate hairs, with some giant trichomes

on veins, the petioles slender, 1-7 cm. long, bristly at summit, dilated

FLORA OF PERU 35

into an oval sheath, its margins bearing 3-8 pairs of linear-lanceolate

to linear-filiform, hyaline, acuminate, fimbriate, stipular processes

1-4 mm. long; uppermost cauline leaves narrower, shorter petiolate,

and often 3-lobed; peduncles weak, usually paired in axils, 1-5 cm.

long, the umbels usually 1-5-flowered, usually one umbel solitary

and often subsessile in axils; involucre apparently lacking; flowers

greenish-white or purplish; calyx lobes obsolete; petals ovate, 0.5-

0.6 mm. long, plane, glabrous, a little narrowed at either end; ovaries

sparsely stellate-pubescent and glochidiate; pedicels to 0.5 mm. long,

hirsute at apex, spreading; fruit ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm.

broad, 4-winged, rounded at apex, a little cordate, the carpels flat-

tened dorsally, concave dorsally, the margins a little inrolled, the

commissural face convex, stellate and papillate with sessile 8-rayed

hairs on both surfaces, the ribs armed with very slender, stalked,

"coprinoid," 8-12-rayed glochids up to 1 mm. long, their rays sharply

reflexed.

Ancash: Pr. Bolognesi: Cerro al SE de Chiquian, 3500 m., Cer-

rate 521, 528, 3500-3600 m., Ferreyra 7323. — Arequipa: Pr. Arequipa:

quebrada de San Lazaro, near Arequipa, 9100 ft., Munz 15506; Are-

quipa, 8-10,000 ft., Stafford 36, Pennell 13209; Volcan de Misti,

3300-3400 m., Pennell 13224; Chiquata, 3250-3400 m., Vargas 9441a;

Chacani, 11,000 ft., Stafford 617 A; Pr. Islay, 10 km. east of Islay,

300 m., Worth & Morrison 1571 4; cerca a la pampa la Joya, arriba

de Mollendo, 500 m., Ferreyra 6426. Pr. Caraveli: Lomas de Capas

(Chala), ca. 200 m., Velarde 181. — Ayacucho: Pampalca, between

Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 3200 m., Kittip & Smith 22260. — Cusco:

Pr. Cusco: Cusco, 3000-3600 m., Herrera— Lima: Pr. Canta: Obra-

jillo, Wilkes Expedition. Pr. Huarochiri : Chicre cerro al N. de Hua-

rochiri, 3700 m., Cerrate & Tovar 1817; Infiernillo, entre San Mateo

i Rio Blanco, carretera Lima-Huancayo, 3300-3350 m., Ferreyra 7006

in part; Chicla, 12,000-13,000 ft., Ball; Huamantanga, Mathews 491;

Matucana, ca. 8000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 407, 121.

Ecuador to southern Peru, 2000 to 4000 meters, and in coastal

Arequipa at 200 to 500 meters; also in Chile and in Mexico.

Bowlesia tenella Meyen, Reise 1: 466. 1834. B. lobata var.

humifusa Ball, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22: 40. 1885; B. mandoni Rusby,

Mem. Torrey Club 3: 41. 1893.

Annual, prostrate to ascending, 0.5-3.5 dm. long, dichotomously

branched from a slender taproot, the stems filiform, sparsely pubes-

cent with sessile or subsessile, very slender and mostly 4-rayed stel-

36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

late hairs, or quite glabrate, the young foliage and inflorescence

stellate-hirsutulous; leaves mostly alternate, petiolate, thinly mem-

branaceous, the basal and lower cauline orbicular-reniform, 0.8-

2.2 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, cordate, palmately 5- or 7-lobed about

to the middle, with narrow sinuses, the lobes ovate, acute or obtuse,

subequal, mostly entire (or with 1 or 2 lateral teeth), weakly mucro-

nate, strigulose above with simple or 2-3-forked hairs, hirsutulous

beneath with sessile or subsessile, 3-5-rayed stellate hairs, bristly on

veins, the petioles very slender, 1.5-5 cm. long, stellate-hirsute,

dilated into an oval sheath, its margins bearing 2-4 pairs of linear

to linear-lanceolate, hyaline, acute or acuminate, fimbriate, stipular

processes, 1-2 mm. long; upper cauline leaves reduced, but like the

basal; peduncles obsolete, the umbels usually 1-3-flowered, short-

pedicellate to subsessile in leaf axils of main stem or on filiform axil-

lary shoots (which appear like peduncles) ; involucre lacking, but the

stipular processes and pedicel hairs often forming a concealing semi-

involucre; flowers yellowish-white; calyx obsolete; petals oval, 0.2-

0.4 mm. long, plane, glabrous, a little narrowed at either end; ovaries

glochidiate-roughened; pedicels up to 3 mm. long, hirsute, spreading;

fruit ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, obtuse at apex, a little

cordate, 4-winged, the carpels (always?) dimorphic, strongly flat-

tened dorsally, plane to strongly concave dorsally, the commissural

face convex, either sparsely to densely glochidiate-stellate on both

surfaces and between ribs, or one carpel quite naked, the other armed

with sessile or stalked, mostly 8-rayed "coprinoid" glochids, the

stalks unequal, less than 0.5 mm. long. — F.M. Neg. 3418.

"Andes peruvie"nnes," Savatier. — Junin: Pr. Junin: Hondores

cerca a la laguna de Junin, 4200-4300 m., Ferreyra 5278. — Lima:

Pr. Huarochiri: "ex saxosis Andium Peruviae juxta pagum Chicla,

12-13000' s. m.," Ball, type of B. lobata var. humifusa. — Puno: Cor-

dillera de Puno, Lechler 1701. St. Gavan, Lechler 2665. Pr. Huan-

cane" : Conima, 3900 m., Aguilar. Pr. Puno: Isla Amantani, 3900 m.,

Aguilar. — Tacna: Cordillera de Tacna, 3^000 ft., Meyen; "Laguna

de Titicaca," Meyen.

Rocky places at altitudes of 3400 to 4300 meters, in the Andes

of Peru and Bolivia.

Bowlesia tropaeolifolia Gillies & Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 325. 1830.

B. flexilis Meyen, Reise 1: 348. 1834. B. pulchella Wedd. Chlor.

And. 2: 188, pi. 67B. 1860. B. cirrosa Phil. Anal. Univ. Chil. 85:

515. 1894. B. tropaeolifolia var. cirrosa Reiche, Anal. Univ. Chil.

FLORA OF PERU 37

104: 783. 1899. B. tropaeolifolia var. heterophylla Speg. Anal. Mus.

Nac. Buenos Aires 7: 294. 1902. B. tropaeolifolia var. patagonica

Speg. I.e. B. tropaeolifolia var. gayana Domin, Repert. Sp. Nov. 4:

299. 1907. B. rupestris Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 286. 1908.

Perennial, 0.5-12 dm. high or long, prostrate or half-climbing to

low and "bushy," dichotomously branched from a multicipital cau-

dex terminating in a stout, woody, vertical taproot, the stems densely

to sparsely pubescent with sessile or short-stalked 4-8-rayed stellate

hairs, or glabrate, the young foliage and inflorescence white- or gray-

ish-pannose, -tomentose, or merely -hirsutulose, with stellate hairs;

leaves loosely clustered toward base, alternate below, opposite above,

membranaceous but thickish, orbicular-reniform, 0.5-3.5 cm. long,

0.7^4.5 cm. broad, cordate, with a broad to narrow sinus, palmately

5-, 7-, or 9-lobed, usually about to the middle, the lobes ovate to

linear-lanceolate, subequal (or the terminal rarely a little elongate),

generally broadest near the middle, all usually entire, weakly bristly

mucronulate, green but strigose to hirsute above with appressed or

ascending, mostly 2-5-rayed, stalked hairs, or glabrate, white-pan-

nose or -tomentose beneath at least when young, with stalked 5-8-

rayed hairs; petioles slender, 1-16 cm. long, dilated into an oval

sheath, its margin bearing 2-5 pairs of linear to ovate-lanceolate,

hyaline, acute, fimbriate to lacerate stipular processes 0.5-3 mm.

long; upper cauline leaves somewhat reduced and shorter-petiolate,

often 3-lobed or even entire; peduncles weak to stout, short to very

slender, 0.5-5 (-10) cm. long; involucre of several stipule-like linear

to lanceolate hyaline bracts, these often somewhat obscured by the

stellate indumentum; flowers yellowish- or greenish-white (rarely

rose-tinged or purplish) ; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, scarious, fim-

briate, 0.5-0.8 mm. long, somewhat persistent, reflexed, shorter than

petals; petals ovate to oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long, plane, usually stellate-

pubescent on back, a little narrowed at either end; ovaries white,

stellate-pannose or -tomentose; pedicels 0.5-2 mm. long, to abortive,

spreading; fruit ovoid, 1-3 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, more or

less 2- or 4-winged, narrowed at apex, a little cordate, the carpels

strongly flattened dorsally, plane to strongly concave dorsally, the

commissural face convex, densely to sparsely stellate-pubescent on

both surfaces with 8- or 6-rayed sessile hairs. — F.M. Negs. 3407,

3416, 37062.

Illustration: Reiche, Bot. Jahrb. 28: pi 1J.4. 1889 (fruit section).

Arequipa: Pr. Arequipa: Chacani, 11000 ft., Stafford 617; Salinas,

above Arequipa, 4500 m., Rauh 619; Cordillera between Cotahuasi

38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

and Cailloma, 4500-4600 m., Weberbauer 6884- — Cusco: Pr. Quispi-

canchis: Ccateca, Kauri, 3900 m., Vargas 918. — Huancavelica: Pr.

Castro- Virreyna: high Andes between Pisco and Ayacucho, Sta. Ine"s,

4600-4700 m., Weberbauer 5430.— Junin: Pr. Yauli: Tunel Mar

(Jauli), 4000 m., Velarde 1957. Pr. Junin: Juampacucha, 4500 m.,

Aguilar. — Lima: Pr. Canta: Huamantanga, Mathews 503. Pr. Hua-

rochiri: "An d. Lima-Oroya Bahn, Chicla, 3720 m.," Weberbauer 231,

type of B. rupestris Wolff. — Moquegua: Saylapa, near Carumas,

3600-3700 m., Weberbauer 7349.— Pasco: Pr. Pasco: Cerro de Pasco,

ca. 4300 m., Asplund 11842. — Puno: Pr. Puno: hills back of Puno,

3152 m., Shepard 142; alrededores de Puno, 3900 m., Aguilar 88;

south-facing, under rocks in stony slides, km. 4 north of Puno on

road to Juliaca, overlooking Puno, 3800 m., Hutchison 1820; Isla

Estebes, Vargas 118; Salcedo, Soukup 957; Tiquillaca, 13,000 ft.,

Stafford 1213; Sta. Lucia, Sharpe 59. — Tacna: Chulunquaicum, Cor-

dillera de Tacora, Weddell, type of B. pulchella Wedd.

High Andes of Peru, southward through Bolivia, Chile, and cor-

dilleran Argentina to Fuegia and Patagonia, at altitudes of 2000 to

4700 meters at the north to less than 100 meters at the extreme south.

CONIUM L.

Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous bien-

nials, the stems spotted, from stout taproots. Leaves petiolate,

membranaceous, pinnately decompound, the leaflets pinnately in-

cised. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence a compound dichasium of

loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre

of numerous, inconspicuous, lanceolate bracts. Rays numerous,

spreading-ascending. Involucel of numerous bractlets like the

bracts, shorter than pedicels. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white;

petals obovate or cuneate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx teeth

obsolete; styles reflexed, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpo-

phore entire. Fruit broadly ovoid, compressed laterally, glabrous;

ribs prominent, obtuse, undulate, crenate; vittae very small and

numerous, irregular; seed terete in transection, the face deeply

and narrowly sulcate.

A genus of two species, one native of Eurasia, the other South

African.

Conium macula turn L. Sp. PI. 243. 1753. Cicuta officinalis

Crantz, Class. Umbell. 98. 1767. Coriandrum cicuta Crantz, Stirp.

FLORA OF PERU 39

Austr. 3: 100. 1767. Conium cicuta Neck. Delic. 142. 1768. Cicuta

major Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 456. 1778. Coriandrum maculatum Roth, Fl.

Germ. 1: 130. 1788. Conium maculosum Pall. Reise Siidl. Statth. 1:

478. 1799. Sium conium Vest, Man. Bot. 513. 1806. Selinum conium

Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutsch. ed. 2. 12: 79. 1904.

Plants 5-30 dm. high; leaf blades broadly ovate, 1.5-3 dm. long,

5-30 cm. broad, pinnately decompound into pinnately incised seg-

ments; petioles dilated; involucre of ovate-acuminate, short bracts;

rays 15-25 mm. long, subequal; involucel of bractlets like the bracts,

with a conspicuous midrib; pedicels 4-6 mm. long; fruit 2-2.5 mm.

long, about 2 mm. broad, the ribs very prominent in the dry fruit.

Illustrations: Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. 3 (8): 168. 1898 (fruit).

Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pi. 2032. 1867. Sturm, Fl. Deutsch.

ed. 2. 12: pi. 38. 1904.

Ancash: Pr. Bolognesi: alrededores de Aquia, 3400 m., Ferreyra

12161. — Arequipa: Pr. Arequipa: cerca del Rio Chile, borde de ace-

quia, 2200 m., Angulo 1786. — Cusco: Pr. Cusco: cerro Sape, cerca a

la ciudad de Cusco, 3400 m., Ferreyra 2669; Cusco, 3200 m., Herrera

308, Soukup 55; Cerro Picchu cerca al Cusco, 3500-3700 m., Ferreyra

9844- — Huancavelica: Pr. Huancavelica: roadside weed, canyon of

the Rio Mantaro north of Mejorada, km. 372 from Lima on Abancay-

Huancayo Road, 2950 m., Hutchison 1670. — Huanuco: Pr. Dos de

Mayo: on previously cultivated land, 2700 m., Woytkowski 82; Cha-

vinilla, alrededores del pueblo, 3400 m., Woytkowski 1013. — Junin:

Pr. Jauja: Concepcion, valle del Mantaro, borde de chacra, 3200-

3300 m., Ferreyra 12911; alrededores de Jauja, 3300 m., Ridoutt 891;

Valle de Concepcion, Hood. Pr. Tarma: alrededores de Tarma,

3200 m., Esposto, 3150 m., Ldpez 789; Acobamba, aba jo de Tarma,

2900 m., Aguilar 528; cerca a Cochas, entre Tarma y La Oroya,

3500-3600 m., Ferreyra 11427; entre Tarma y Oroya, subiendo de

Tarma a la cumbre, 3300-3500 m., Ferreyra 3795; Tarma, 3000-

3200 m., Killip & Smith 21882. Pr. Huancayo: cerca a Huancayo,

Chavez; alrededores de Huancayo, 3317 m., Soukup 2012; Huancayo,

3317 m., Soukup 3551. — Lima: Pr. Huarochiri: Llucanchi abajo de

Huarochiri, 3350 m., Cerrate & Tovar 1759. — Puno: Pr. Huancane":

Conima, 3900 m., Aguilar.

Locally known as culantrillo, cicuta, and cicuta-asna-acha; and

common along roadsides in many parts of Peru. Introduced from

Europe, widespread as a weed in moist places in North and South

America. Poisonous, the poison hemlock of the Greeks.

40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

CORIANDRUM L.

Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous annuals, from

slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately dis-

sected. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound um-

bels. Peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre usually wanting.

Rays few, spreading-ascending. Involucel of a few small, narrow

bractlets. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white or rose; petals oblong

with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer usually radiant; calyx teeth

prominent, acute, often unequal; styles slender, spreading, the stylo-

podium conic. Carpophore 2-parted to base. Fruit orbicular, terete,

with a hard pericarp, glabrous, the carpels boat-shaped, not separat-

ing readily at maturity; primary ribs filiform, the secondary filiform

or obscure; vittae absent; seed flattened dorsally in transection, the

face concave.

A genus of two species of the warm temperate and subtropical

regions of the Old World.

Coriandrum sativum L. Sp. PI. 256. 1753. Selinum corian-

drum Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutsch. ed. 2. 12: 163. 1904.

Plants 2-7 dm. high; basal leaves ovate, the blades 3-15 cm. long,

2-10 cm. broad, simple and ternately or pinnately lobed, or pinnate,

the leaflets flabelliform, cuneate at base, 1-2 cm. long, 0.5-1 cm.

broad, variously toothed or incised; petioles 2-15 cm. long; cauline

leaves pinnately dissected, the leaflets linear to filiform, 2-15 mm.

long, 0.5-1.5 mm. broad, obtuse, entire; peduncles 3-10 cm. long,

occasionally abortive; involucre usually wanting; rays 2-8, 1-2.5 cm.

long; involucel dimidiate, of a few linear bractlets, 2-4 mm. long;

pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx teeth ovate-lanceolate, unequal, the

outer up to 1 mm. long; petals white or rose, the outer radiant; fruit

1.5-5 mm. in diameter.

Illustrations: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pi. 2043. 1867. Engl.

& Prantl, Pflanzenf . 3 (8) : 159. 1898, fl ., frt. Hegi, 111. Fl. Mitt.-Eur.

5 (2):pl.l94,f.2. 1926.

lea: Pr. lea: lea, terrenos de cultivo, 300 m., Herb. San Marcos.

— Junin: Pr. Tarma: Coyllarbamba, cerca de Acobamba, 2200 m.,

Ochoa 184; Tarma, 3000-3200 m., Killip & Smith 21915. Pr. Huan-

cayo: cultivado, 3200 m., Chavez. — Lima: Pr. Lima: Otero, Rimac,

Lima, terrenos cultivados, 157 m., Ridoutt 887. — Loreto: Pr. May-

nas: La Victoria on the Amazon River, Williams 2790; Caballo-

Cocha on the Amazon River, Williams 2394; Paraiso, Alto Rio Itaya,

FLORA OF PERU 41

145 m., Williams 3279. — San Martin: Pr. Lamas: Roque, banana

plantation, Melin 293.

The coriander of commerce, native of the Mediterranean region

and widely adventive in the western hemisphere. Locally known as

culandra and culandro.

DAUGUS L.

Carota Rupr. Fl. Ingr. 466. 1860.

Low or tall, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, pubescent

annuals or biennials, from taproots. Leaves petiolate, membrana-

ceous, pinnately decompound, the leaflets small and narrow. Petioles

sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels, or subcompact

by incurving of the rays after anthesis; peduncles terminal and axil-

lary. Involucre of numerous dissected or entire bracts, or wanting.

Rays few to numerous, spreading or the outer often connivent over

the short inner ones. Involucel of numerous toothed or entire bract-

lets, or wanting. Pedicels spreading, unequal. Flowers white, or

the central flower of each umbellet purple, or rarely all reddish, pink-

ish, or yellow; petals obcordate, unequally cleft, with a narrower in-

flexed apex, the outer often radiant; calyx teeth obsolete to evident;

styles short, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore entire or bifid at

apex. Fruit oblong to ovoid, compressed dorsally; primary ribs fili-

form, bristly; secondary ribs winged, the wings divided into a single

row of barbed or glochidiate prickles; vittae solitary under the sec-

ondary ribs, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in tran-

section, the face shallowly concave to nearly plane.

A genus of about 25 species of wide distribution.

Fruiting umbels many-rayed, compact in fruit by incurving of the

outer rays D. carota.

Fruiting umbels few-rayed, open in fruit, the rays spreading-ascend-

ing D. montanus.

Daucus carota L. Sp. PI. 242. 1753. Caucalis carota Crantz,

Class. Umbell. 113. 1767. C. daucus Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3: 125.

1767. Carota saliva Rupr. Fl. Ingr. 468. 1860.

Plants biennial, 1.5-12 dm. high, the stems solitary, glabrous to

retrorsely hispid; leaf blades oblong, 5-15 cm. long, 2-7 cm. broad,

the leaflets linear to lanceolate, 2-12 mm. long, 0.5-2 mm. broad,

acute, mucronate, entire or few-cleft, glabrous to hispid especially

42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

on veins and margins; petioles 3-10 cm. long; divisions of cauline

leaves often elongate; peduncles 2.5-6 dm. long, retrorsely hispid;

involucre of filiform, elongate, pinnately divided or rarely entire,

scarious-margined bracts, 3-30 mm. long, usually reflexed; rays

numerous, unequal, 3-7.5 cm. long, compact in fruit; involucel of

linear, acuminate, entire or rarely pinnate, more or less scarious,

ciliate bractlets, equaling or exceeding the flowers; pedicels unequal,

3-10 mm. long; flowers white, yellow or pinkish, the central flower

of each umbellet usually purple or pinkish; fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long,

about 2 mm. broad, broadest at middle.

Illustrations: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pi. 2000. 1867. Bailey,

St. Cycl. Hort. 674, 675. 1922.

Lima: Pr. Lima: cercanias de Lima, Isern (Cuatrecasas 2465).

The cultivated carrot, native of Europe, adventive throughout

the western hemisphere.

Daucus montanus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Spreng. in R. & S. Syst.

Veg. 6: 482. 1820. D. toriloides DC. Prodr. 4: 214. 1830. Torilis

peruviana Presl in DC. Prodr. 4: 214. 1830, in synon. Daucus aus-

tralis Poepp. in DC. I.e.

Plants annual (or biennial?), 1.2-10 dm. high, the stems usually

solitary, erect, simple or few-branched, papillate-hispid with mostly

retrorse hairs to glabrate; leaf blades oblong, 3.5-11 cm. long, 2.5-

5 cm. broad, the leaflets linear, 2-5 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad,

acute, more or less hispid; petioles 3-12 cm. long; peduncles 4.5-

25 cm. long, retrorsely papillate-hispid; involucre of foliaceous, pin-

nately decompound bracts, the divisions short, linear; rays 4-20,

unequal, spreading, 1.5-12 cm. long; involucel of a few linear, acute

bractlets shorter than pedicels; pedicels unequal, 3-20 mm. long;

flowers whitish, greenish, yellowish, pink, or red-purple; fruit oblong,

3-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the commissural surface with 2 rows

of hispidulous hairs.

Illustrations: Saunders, Refug. Bot. 5: pi. 299. 1873.

Ancash: Pr. Bolognesi: Mahuay, 4300 m., Cerrate 2221; Distr.

de Huasta, 3800 m., Cerrate 2521. Pr. Huaraz: gravelly soil between

rocks, Cerro Shaurema, southeast of Huaraz, 3200-3300 m., Pennell

15290. — Apurimac: Pr. Abancay: Ampuy, 3200 m., Stork, Norton &

Vargas 10610; Quera, Lambrana, 3050 m., Vargas 1958; Abancay,

Banco de Fomento Agropecuario 103. — Arequipa: Pr. Islay: near

Mollendo, 250 m., Hutchison 1861a. — Cusco: Pr. Urubamba: Machu

FLORA OF PERU 43

Picchu, 1800 m., Velarde 1113; Machu Picchu Station, Hutchison

1763; ruins of Machu Picchu, Hutchison 1764, Mathias 3676. Pr.

Cusco: ruinas de Sacsayhuaman, cerca a la ciudad de Cusco, 3400-

3500 m., Asplund 2637, Ferreyra 2637, 3600 m., Vargas 1179; Cusco,

Rauh & Hirsch 718, Hen era 3158, 2401. Pr. Paucartambo : laderas

de Paucartambo, arcillo-pedregoso, 3400 m., Vargas 911. Pr. Calca:

Calca, Vargas 3888. Pr. Anta: Cordillera Salcantay, Pampa Soray,

4000 m., Rauh 1495. — Huancavelica: Pr. Tayacaja: entre Colca-

bamba y Paucarbamba, 2800 m., Tovar 2059. Pr. Huancavelica:

abajo de Huando, 3300 m., Tovar 1222; west of and above Huando,

road to Huancavelica, ca. 5 km. before (above) bridge over Rio

Palca, 3650 m., Hutchison 1678. — Huanuco: Pr. Huanuco: open

grassy banks, 15 mi. southeast of Huanuco, 10,500 ft., Macbride &

Feather stone 2119; Mito, 9000 ft., Macbride & Feather stone 1737;

Pillao, 2700 m., Woytkowski 105, 34105, 35105; roadside, about 1 km.

above Chinchao, Mathias 5163; Carpish, cumbre entre Huanuco y

Tingo Maria, 2700-2800 m., Ferreyra 10017; Carpish, slope towards

Huanuco, 2750 m., Asplund 13097; Mitotambo arriba de Mito, 3200-

3300 m., Ferreyra 10358; Hda. Paty, abajo de Carpish, 1700-1800 m.,

Ferreyra 9388; Cuchero, Poeppig 1292; Peruvia subandina, locis

cultis ad Cuchero, Poeppig 1292. Pr. Dos de Mayo: Chavinillo,

3600 m., Woytkowski 1042, 3400 m., Woytkowski 837.— Junin: Pr.

Tarma: entre Palca y Huacapistana, 2800 m., Ferreyra 11009; Hua-

capistana, entre Tarma y San Ramon, margen izq. del Rio Tarma,

1800-1900 m., Ferreyra 479a; Tarma, debajo de Huacapistana, cerca

al puente 1^ km., 1700-1800 m., Ferreyra 11206; entre Tarma y

Oroya, 3600 m., Constance & Tovar 2360; San Juan, cerca a Hua-

capistana, entre Tarma y San Ramon, 2200-2300 m., Ferreyra 11317;

1800-1900 m., Ferreyra 11248; Huacapistana, 1800-2400 m., Killip &

Smith 24134; Valley of the Huasahuasi, Hutchison 1110; mouth of

gorge, lower end of Huasahuasi Valley, Hutchison 1140; Chancha-

mayo Valley, above La Merced at Cumbre Yacunay near summit,

2500 m., Hutchison 1182. Pr. Huancayo: agua de las Virgenes, cerca

a Huancayo, 3270-3300 m., Tovar 329. Pr. Yauli : Oroya near Lima,

10-13,000 ft., Kalenborn 62; alrededores de Yauli-Hca., 3500-3600 m.,

Tovar 3021. — La Libertad: Pr. Bolivar: arriba de Longotea, 3000 m.,

L6pez & Sagastegui 3179. Pr. Trujillo: lomas del Cerro Campana,

600 m., Angulo & Ldpez 2029. — Lambayeque: Pr. Lambayeque:

border depts. Lambayeque & Piura, abra Porculla Pass on Olmos-

Maranon Highway, 1650 m., Hutchison 1380. — Lima: Pr. Huaro-

chiri: Chicla, 3700 m., Asplund 11325; on Lima-Oroya Hwy. above

44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Rio Blanco, 3600 m., Hutchison 1659; Rio Blanco, about 12,000 ft.,

Macbride & Feather stone 671. Pr. Lima: Lomas de Lurin, al sur de

Lima, 350^400 m., Ferreyra 11912; Lomas de Atocongo, 200-300 m.,

Ferreyra 11993. Pr. Canta: Antaicocha, Cerro Colorado, east of

Canta, 3500-3600 m., Pennell 14628.— Piura: Pr. Huancabamba:

arriba de Palambla, 1500-1600 m., Ferreyra, Cerrate & Tovar 10841.

— San Martin: Pr. Mariscal Caceres: on road to Divisoria, 59 km.

from Tingo Maria on highway to Pucallpa, 1540 m., Allard 21307;

La Divisoria, Mathias 3511. Pr. Lamas: San Roque, 1350-1500 m.,

Williams 7129. — Without locality: Haenke.

A weedy native, with odor of parsley, widespread in western

South America from Chile to Colombia, extending north to Sonora.

DOMEYKOA Phil.

Reference: Math. & Const. A revision of Asteriscium and some

related hydrocotyloid Umbelliferae, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 33: 99-

184. 1962.

Prostrate or spreading, fleshy annual or woody-based perennial

herbs, caulescent, dichotomously branched with flexuous, terete

branches, glabrous and glaucous. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous,

simple, lobed, or 1-3-ternate or -pinnate, palmately, ternately, or

pinnately veined; cauline leaves opposite, alternate, or weakly fas-

cicled, petiolate to sessile, or sessile and conspicuously clasping to

perfoliate. Petioles sheathing at base. Inflorescence of simple, few-

to many-flowered globose umbels. Peduncles solitary in or opposite

upper leaf axils, or umbellately clustered in terminal groups of 2-7,

sometimes obsolete. Involucre of several linear-lanceolate or orbic-

ular, free or partially connate bracts, usually equaling to longer than

pedicels. Flowers white, yellowish, or purple; calyx lobes evident,

ovate to obovate, entire or trifid; petals broadly ovate to obovate,

acutish, plane or a little incurved, or very shortly inflexed at apex,

stipitate to subsessile, the dorsal gland evident; styles short to mod-

erately long, the stylopodium depressed to low-conic. Carpophore

wanting. Pedicels short. Fruit orbicular to oval, subtetragonal,

truncate at apex, more or less constricted at the commissure and

compressed laterally, glabrous, the mature carpels cuneate-rectangu-

lar in transection, about as broad as long, with plane sides, plane or

very weakly concave dorsally, the margins prominent but unwinged,

the commissural face intrusively sulcate, the ribs filiform; vittae

small, solitary under the ribs; a thin woody endocarp surrounding

the seed cavity.

FLORA OF PERU 45

A genus of about four species, endemic to Peru and northern

Chile, confined to the coastal slope.

Basal leaves repandly spinulose-dentate; flowers yellowish-white;

calyx lobes about 0.5 mm. long, often conspicuously 3-fid or

3-lobed; styles 0.8-1 mm. long D. amplexicaulis.

Basal leaves deeply 3- or 5-lobed or parted; flowers usually purplish

or rose-colored; calyx lobes obscure, up to 0.3 mm. long, entire;

styles about 0.5 mm. long D. saniculifolia.

Domeykoa amplexicaulis (Wolff) Math. & Const. Univ. Calif.

Publ. Bot. 33: 175, /. 84. 1962. Astericium amplexicaulis Wolff, Bot.

Jahrb. 40: 289. 1908.

Slender, prostrate or spreading annual herbs, the branches 1-

10 dm. long, striate; leaves somewhat rosulate at base, orbicular to

obovate, 0.9-3.5 cm. long, 1.2-5.0 cm. broad, a little cuneate, re-

pandly spinulose-dentate; petiole 1-4 cm. long, weakly dilated and

narrowly scarious-margined; cauline leaves prominent, alternate,

sessile, conspicuously cordate-clasping or perfoliate, repandly spin-

ulose-dentate; peduncles mostly umbellately clustered in terminal

groups of 2-4, a few solitary in upper axils, spreading-ascending,

0.5-4 cm. long, each group or solitary peduncle subtended by a disc-

shaped perfoliate leaf or bract; umbels compact, 3-8 mm. in diam-

eter, with usually 15-40 flowers; bracts 5-8, obovate to narrowly

oblanceolate, 1-4 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, often imbricate, some-

what connate, conspicuously lacerate at apex; flowers yellowish-

white; calyx lobes oval to obovate, 0.5 mm. long, deeply 3-fid or

-lobed, or rarely entire, conspicuously shorter than petals; petals

spatulate-obovate, 0.7-1 mm. long, abruptly acuminate, the short

apex slightly incurved to inflexed, conspicuously stipitate; stylo-

podium low-conic, shorter than the slender, spreading styles; ped-

icels stout, 1-1.5 mm. long, spreading-ascending; fruit orbicular or

oval, ca. 1.5 mm. long, 1.25-1.5 mm. broad, sharply angled, the

carpels slightly concave dorsally. — F.M. Neg. 3465.

Arequipa: Pr. Caraveli: Atico, entre Chala y Camana, 100-

200 m., Ferreyra 12489, 100 m., Ferreyra 11540; Atico, entre Chala

y Ocofia, 50-100 m., Ferreyra 11944, 50-100 m., Ferreyra 12010;

ca. 5 km. south of Atico, km. 730 south of Lima on Pan American

Highway, 200 m., Hutchison 1869; Lomas de Atiquipa, 400 m., Ve-

larde 4549a. Pr. Islay: Mollendo, dry sandy slope just above sea

46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

level, Stafford 805; Tambo prope Mollendo, 300-600 m., Weberbauer

1560, type.

Lomas, Arequipa at elevations of 50 to 600 meters.

Domeykoa saniculifolia Math. & Const. Univ. Calif. Publ.

Bot. 33:179,/. 35. 1962.

Rather slender, prostrate or ascending, annual (?) or weakly peren-

nial herb, the branches 1-3 dm. long, faintly ribbed; leaves somewhat

rosulate at base, orbicular to obovate, 0.6-2 cm. long, 0.8-2.2 cm.

broad, cuneate, deeply 3- or 5-lobed or -parted, the lobes oblanceolate

to obovate, coarsely spinulose-dentate; petiole 2-5 cm. long, weakly

dilated; cauline leaves prominent, alternate, sessile, oval, conspicu-

ously cordate-amplexicaul, deeply 3-7-lobed or coarsely toothed;

peduncles mostly umbellately clustered in terminal groups of 2 or 3,

or some solitary in upper axils, spreading-ascending, 0.5-1 cm. long,

each group or solitary peduncle subtended by a disc-shaped perf oliate

leaf or bract; umbels compact, 5-7 mm. in diameter, with usually

8-15 flowers; bracts 5 or 6, narrowly oblanceolate to orbicular, 2-

4 mm. long, 0.5-3 mm. broad, more or less connate below, acute and

entire to lacerate at apex; flowers purplish-violet, rose-colored, or

rarely greenish-white; calyx lobes broadly triangular, entire, up to

0.3 mm. long, but usually obscure or obsolete; petals ovate, 0.8-

1 mm. long, acutish, plane or a little incurved but without a definite

inflexed apex, shortly stipitate; stylopodium low-conic, about as long

as the short, recurved styles; pedicels stout, 1-1.5 mm. long, angled,

spreading-ascending; fruit orbicular, 1-1.5 mm. long and broad, sub-

tetragonal, sharply angled, the carpels slightly concave dorsally.

Arequipa: Pr. Caraveli: Los Cerillos entre Nazca y Chala, 700 m.,

Ferreyra 18451; Los Cerillos, 52 km. al sur de Nazca, 700 m., Rahn. —

lea: Pr. Nazca: Lomas de San Nicolas, al sur de Nazca, 800-900 m.,

Ferreyra 13395. — Moquegua: Pr. Mariscal Nieto: Lomas de Ilo, 600-

650 m., Ferreyra 12571+; 4-5 km. north of Ilo on the pampa, 500 m.,

Hutchison 483. — Tacna: Pr. Tacna: Lomas cerca al Morro Sama,

500-600 m., Ferreyra 12544, type.

Lomas, lea to Tacna, at elevations of 500-900 meters.

EREMOCHARIS Phil.

Reference: Math. & Const. A revision of Asteriscium and some

related hydrocotyloid Umbelliferae, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 33: 99-

184. 1962.

FLORA OF PERU 47

Asteriscium sect. Bustillosia Benth. & Hook. Gen. Plant. 1: 877.

1867, pro parte; Asteriscium subgen. Bustillosia Drude in Engl. &

Prantl, Pflanzenf . 3 (8) : 134. 1897, pro parte. Asteriscium subgen.

Gymnophytum Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 292-293. 1908, pro parte.

Erect or decumbent, suffrutescent or woody-based perennial

herbs, caulescent, dichotomously branched with flexuous or spines-

cent branches, glabrous and glaucous. Leaves alternate or fascicled,

petiolate, membranaceous to fleshy, 1-3 pinnately or ternately di-

vided or lobed, rarely entire, cuspidate, pinnately veined. Petioles

obscurely sheathing. Inflorescence of simple, few- to many-flowered

globose umbels. Peduncles mostly umbellately clustered in terminal

groups of 2-7, some solitary in upper axils. Involucre of several

small, lanceolate to ovate, entire bracts shorter than pedicels.

Flowers yellow or greenish-white to deep maroon or reddish-violet;

calyx lobes evident, ovate-lanceolate to triangular-ovate, usually

conspicuously shorter than the petals; petals oval to obovate with

a narrower inflexed apex */£ to about as long as the blade, stipitate

to subsessile, the dorsal gland conspicuous to evident; styles short

to slender, the stylopodium low-conic. Carpophore wanting. Ped-

icels slender. Fruit oblong-oval to orbicular, subtetragonal, truncate

at apex, more or less constricted at the commissure and compressed

laterally, glabrous, the mature carpels cuneate-rectangular in tran-

section, about as broad as long with plane sides, plane or very weakly

concave dorsally, the commissural face intrusively sulcate, the ribs

filiform; vittae small, solitary under the ribs; a thin woody endocarp

surrounding the seed cavity.

A genus of nine species, endemic to Peru and northern Chile, and

largely confined to the coastal slope.

Leaves all entire, white-margined E. integrifolia.

Leaves deeply trilobed to ternately dissected, not evidently margined.

Branches spinescent, the older with exfoliating bark.

Branches ribbed; umbels 10-15 mm. in diameter, 8-20-flowered;

filaments 4-5 mm. long, long-exserted E. hutchisonii.

Branches striate; umbels 3-10 mm. in diameter, 3-12-flowered;

filaments 1.5-2 mm. long, shortly exserted.

Erect, strongly spinescent shrub; leaves prominently fasci-

cled; petals falsely emarginate at point of inflexion;

Cusco E. triradiata.

Decumbent and weakly spinescent; leaves scarcely fascicled;

petals obtuse at point of inflexion; Tacna. . . .E. confinis.

48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Branches slender and flexuous, not spinescent, without promi-

nently exfoliating bark.

Petal apex much shorter than blade; styles little longer than

stylopodium E. ferreyrae.

Petal apex equaling to surpassing blade; styles markedly longer

than stylopodium.

Basal leaves 2-3-ternate, the ultimate divisions filiform.

E. piscoensis.

Basal leaves 3-lobed or 3-parted, the ultimate divisions linear-

lanceolate to orbicular.

Cauline petioles prominently winged; flowers violet.

E. tripartite,.

Cauline petioles unwinged; flowers yellow. . . E. longiramea.

Eremocharis confinis Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 85: 173. 1929.

Low, decumbent shrub, 3-4 dm. tall, intricately branched, the

branches spinescent, 3-15 cm. long, terete and finely grooved, the

older with exfoliating bark; leaves numerous, alternate or weakly

fascicled below, fleshy, 2-2.5 cm. long, 0.5-1.2 cm. broad, deltoid,

biternate, the primary lobes narrowly spatulate, 3-8 mm. long, 3-

5 mm. broad, divaricate, subequal, the ultimate divisions up to

3 mm. long, often mucronate-dentate; petiole linear, 1-2 cm. long,

narrowly dilated toward base; cauline leaves little reduced upward,

the uppermost trilobed; peduncles in groups of 2-4, spreading-

ascending, 0.5-2.5 cm. long, a little attenuate toward apex, each

subtended by a lanceolate to oblong leaf 1-2 mm. long; umbels com-

pact, 3-7 mm. in diameter, with usually 3-12 flowers, the bracts 4-7,

oblong or lanceolate, mostly obtuse, 1-2 mm. long; flowers greenish-

white or deep purple; calyx lobes triangular-acuminate, 0.3-0.5 mm.

long, conspicuously shorter than petals; petals orbicular to obovate,

about 1.5 mm. long, with a cuneate, inflexed apex about 2/3 length

of blade; stylopodium much shorter than the slender, spreading styles;

pedicels stout, 1-2 mm. long, spreading; fruit oval, 2 mm. long,

1.5 mm. broad, angled, the carpels slightly concave dorsally, the

margins prominent but unwinged.

Illustrations: Math. & Const. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 33: 159,

/. 25. 1962.

Tacna: Pr. Tarata: Candarave, 2900 m., Weberbauer 7369, type;

along Tarata-Tacna road midway between the two towns, west side

of the pass, 1950 m., Hutchison 1834.

FLORA OF PERU 49

Known only from the area of the type collection in "open forma-

tion, herbs, rainy green shrubs and Cereus"

Eremocharis ferreyrae Math. & Const. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.

33:163,/. 29. 1962.

Slender, woody-based perennial herbs, 3-7 dm. tall, the branches

slender, ascending, terete, striate, but neither definitely grooved nor

ribbed; leaves rather numerous, solitary or very weakly fascicled

below, 1.5-3 cm. long and broad, ovate-deltoid, deeply trilobed, the

lobes ovate, 5-20 mm. long, 3-15 mm. broad, the central a little

larger than the two lateral, all spinose-dentate or -lobed; petiole

linear, 3-5 cm. long, only the short oblong sheath slightly dilated;

cauline leaves reduced upward, becoming trifid or even entire; pe-

duncles mostly in groups of 3-5, spreading-ascending, 1^4 cm. long,

scarcely attenuate at apex, each subtended by a lanceolate to ovate

leaf 2-5 mm. long; umbels compact, 4-7 mm. in diameter, with usu-

ally 20-30 flowers, the bracts lanceolate, acute, 1-3 mm. long; flowers

bright yellow to greenish-white; calyx lobes broadly ovate, about

0.2 mm. long, conspicuously shorter than the petals; petals nearly

orbicular, 0.8 mm. long, with a subulate inflexed apex about Y^ length

of blade; stylopodium a little shorter than the recurved styles; ped-

icels stout, about 1 mm. long, spreading; fruit orbicular, 1.5 mm. long

and broad, sharply angled, the carpels slightly concave dorsally, the

margins very narrowly winged.

Arequipa: Pr. Caravel! : Atico, lomas de Atiquipa, 10-20 m., Fer-

reyra 6463, type; Atico, entre Chala y Camana, 100-200 m., Ferreyra

12^91; Lomas entre Chala y Atico (La Costanera), 5 m., Angulo 2574.

Lomas, Arequipa. Known only from the region of the type local-

ity, at elevations of 5 to 200 meters.

Eremocharis hutchisonii Math. & Const. Univ. Calif. Publ.

Bot. 33: 161, /. 26. 1962.

Low shrub, 3-10 dm. tall, intricately branched, the branches

short, stiff, and somewhat spinescent, angled and prominently ribbed,

the older with exfoliating bark; leaves sparse, alternate, weakly fas-

cicled below, 2-3 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad, ovate, 1-2-ternate, the

primary lobes oblong-spatulate, 0.5-1.5 cm. long, 0.5 cm. broad,

divaricate, subequal, the ultimate divisions 1-3 mm. long, ovate-

lanceolate, mucronate; petiole broadly linear, 1-3 cm. long, grad-

ually dilated toward base; cauline leaves little reduced upward, the

uppermost trilobed; peduncles in groups of 3-5, many solitary,

50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

spreading, 0.5-2 cm. long, a little attenuate toward the apex, each

subtended by an ovate leaf 0.5-2 mm. long; umbels lax, 10-15 mm.

in diameter, with usually 8-20 flowers, the bracts about 5, oblong,

1-2 mm. long; flowers purplish-brown; calyx lobes ovate, 0.3-0.5 mm.

long, conspicuously shorter than the petals; petals oval, about 1.5

mm. long, with a narrower, inflexed apex of about equal length;

stylopodium much shorter than the very slender, spreading styles;

pedicels slender, 3-6 mm. long, spreading; fruit oval, 2 mm. long,

1.5 mm. broad, sharply angled, the carpels strongly concave dorsally,

the margins prominent.

Arequipa: Pr. Caraveli: Incuyo-Chala, 3300 m., Hutchison 1277,

type.

Known only from the type collection.

Eremocharis integrifolia Math. & Const. Univ. Calif. Publ.

Bot. 33:171,/. 32. 1962.

Low shrub, 3-6 dm. tall, much-branched, the branches slender,

ascending, somewhat spinescent, terete but with filiform grooves;

leaves fairly numerous, alternate and often fascicled, especially below,

the basal and lower cauline 3-4 cm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, narrowly

lanceolate, entire, narrowly white-margined, tapering insensibly at

base and with no evidently distinct petiole or sheath; cauline leaves

reduced upward, but otherwise similar to the basal; peduncles in

groups of 2-4, ascending, 1-3 cm. long, conspicuously attenuate at

the apex, each subtended by a linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, usually

acute leaf 3-12 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, often inserted at

different levels; umbels lax, 5-8 mm. in diameter, with 3-10 flowers,

the bracts lanceolate to oval, obtuse, 0.5-1.5 mm. long; flowers green-

ish-purple; calyx lobes ovate, acute, about 0.8 mm. long, almost as

long as the petals in bud; petals orbicular, about 0.8 mm. long, taper-

ing into a linear-lanceolate inflexed apex about 2/3 as long as the

blade; stylopodium much shorter than the slender styles; pedicels

2-3 mm. long, ascending; fruit orbicular, 1.5-2 mm. long and broad,

sharply angled, the carpels truncate to slightly concave dorsally, the

margins acute.

"Andes Peruvie"nnes," 1876-1879, Savatier. — Lima: Pr. Huaro-

chiri: Matucana, 2400 m., Asplund 10950, type; Matucana, about

8000 ft., Macbride and Feather stone 555.

Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, at an eleva-

tion of 2400 to 2600 meters.

FLORA OF PERU 51

Eremocharis longiramea (Wolff) Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb.

85: 174. 1929. Asteriscium longirameum Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 292.

1908. Eremocharis dissecta Johnston, I.e.

Slender subshrub or woody-based perennial herb, 0.5-1.5 m. tall,

much-branched above, the branches slender, strictly erect or ascend-

ing, terete but with definite filiform ribs; leaves sparse, alternate,

the basal 5-7 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad, ovate-cuneate, biternate, the

leaflets cuneate-oblanceolate, subequal, irregularly trilobed, the lobes

cuneate to linear-lanceolate, or dentate, 3-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad;

petiole linear, 2-3 cm. long, only the very short sheath dilated; cau-

line leaves reduced upward, becoming deltoid, ternate, and subsessile;

peduncles in groups of 2-5, very slender to rather stout, ascending or

spreading, mostly 0.5-5.5 cm. long, scarcely attenuate at apex, each

subtended by a lanceolate to linear leaf 0.5-7 mm. long; umbels lax,

8-15 mm. in diameter, with usually 6-25 flowers, the bracts lanceo-

late, 0.5-2 mm. long; flowers yellow to greenish-white; calyx lobes

triangular, acuminate, 0.3-0.6 mm. long, conspicuously shorter than

the petals; petals orbicular, 0.8-1 mm. long, tapering into a linear-

lanceolate inflexed apex of approximately equal length; stylopodium

much shorter than the slender, ascending or spreading styles; ped-

icels slender, 3-5 mm. long, spreading; fruit orbicular, 1.5-2 mm. in

diameter, sharply angled, the carpels slightly concave dorsally, the

margins acute or narrowly winged. — F.M. Neg. 3457.

Illustrations: Math. & Const. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 33: 166,

/. 30. 1962.

Ancash: Pr. Huaylas: Caraz, 2200-2500 m., Weberbauer 2993,

type. Pr. Casma: Lomas de Lupin, entre Barranca y Huarmey,

350-400 m., Ferreyra 13537, Mathias 3673. Pr. Huaraz: Casma

Valley, 2000-3000 m., Rank & Hirsch 2113. Pr. Yungay: entre

Carhuaz y Caraz, 2600-2200 m., Vargas 10299. — Cajamarca: Pr.

Jae"n: 900-2400 m., Vargas 10454; between Acapulco and Pucard,

1150 m., Hutchison 1398; Puente del Rio Huancabamba, entre Pu-

cara y Abra de Porculla, falda rocono con elementos subxerofilos,

1200-1300 m., Ferreyra 13727; entre Abra de Porculla y Jae"n, 1300-

1400 m., Ferreyra 13634. — La Libertad: Pr. Otuzco: Laderas del

Cerro Chologday, 2640 m., Angulo 0914; Plazapampa, 2200 m., Ce-

vasco "D." Pr. Trujillo: Cerro Cabezon, 670 m., Angulo & Ldpez

1480; El Portachuelo, Ascope-San Benito, 900 m., Ldpez 1277 —

Lima: Pr. Canta: along Rio Chillon near Viscas, 1800-2000 m.,

Pennell 14481. Pr. Huarochiri: valley of Rio Rimac, near Lima-

Oroya Highway at km. 60 east of Lima, 1500 m., Goodspeed & Met-

UNIVERSITY Qf

ILLINOIS LIBRARY

52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

calf 30227; between Matucana & San Bartolome", Rose & Rose 18755.

— Piura: Cerro Prieto, above 1200 ft., Haught F 155. Pr. Huanca-

bamba: Carretera a Jae"n, 1200 m., Angulo 2103; Abra Porculla Pass,

east side, 1350 m., Hutchison 1392. Pr. Paita: Cerro Prieto, La Brea,

Amotape Hills, Talara, Haught 29; Mount "El Muerto" near La Brea,

700-800 m., Amotape Hills, Weberbauer 7761, type of E. dissecta.

A brittle nearly leafless herb or subshrub with distinct odor of

sweet anise.

Northern to central Peru, mostly on the coastal slope, at eleva-

tions of 350 to 2600 meters.

Eremocharis piscoensis Math. & Const. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.

33:161,/. 28. 1962.

Slender shrub 1-2 m. tall, the branches slender, terete, many-

ribbed, spreading or divergent; leaves alternate, the basal up to

7 cm. long, 5 cm. broad, broadly ovate, triternate, the primary and

ultimate divisions linear or filiform, acuminate, divergent, 0.3-3 cm.

long, 1 mm. broad or less; petiole linear, 1-2 cm. long, flattened and

a little dilated; cauline leaves reduced upward, becoming linear-

spatulate and ternate or even entire; peduncles in groups of 2-6,

spreading, 0.5-3 cm. long, slightly narrowed toward apex, each sub-

tended by an ovate to lanceolate leaf 1-2 mm. long; umbels lax, 7-

10 mm. in diameter, with usually 5-10 flowers, the 4-6 bracts oblong

to oval, 1-2 mm. long; flowers purplish-brown; calyx lobes triangu-

lar, acute, about 0.6 mm. long, conspicuously shorter than petals;

petals orbicular, 1 mm. long with a linear-lanceolate, inflexed apex

of approximately equal length or longer; stylopodium much shorter

than the very slender, spreading to recurved styles; pedicels slender,

1.5-2.5 mm. long, spreading; fruit orbicular, about 2 mm. long,

1.5-2 mm. broad, sharply angled, the carpels truncate or slightly

concave dorsally, the margins acute.

Arequipa: Pr. Camand: Valley of the Rio de Lomas above Acari,

800-900 m., Weberbauer 5737. — Huancavelica: Pr. Castrovirreyna:

above Pisco, between Pdmpano and Huaytard, 1800-2000 m., Weber-

bauer 5406; Huaytard, 6-800 ft., Pearce. — lea: Pr. Pisco: Pisco Val-

ley, 1000-2000 m., Rauh & Hirsch P^OO, type. Lomas cerca a San

Nicolds, 550 m., Rahn.

Lomas, Arequipa to lea, at elevations of 550 to 2000 meters.

Eremocharis tripartita (Wolff) Math. & Const. Univ. Calif.

Publ. Bot. 33: 169, /. 31. 1962. Asteriscium tripartilum Wolff, Bot.

Jahrb. 40: 293. 1908.

FLORA OF PERU 53

Slender subshrub or woody-based perennial herb 3-10 dm. tall,

the branches slender, flexuous, 2-3 dm. long, terete, finely ribbed,

spreading-ascending; leaves rather sparse, alternate, 2-3.5 cm. long,

3-5 cm. broad, orbicular to orbicular-reniform, 3-lobed or 3-parted,

the lobes cuneate-obovate, 1-2 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 cm. broad, sub-

equal or the lateral narrower, shallowly lobed or dentate; petiole

dilated and sheathing to above the middle, 1.5-5 cm. long, the cau-

line leaves petiolate with a winged petiole, reduced upward; pedun-

cles in groups of 4-7, slender, cylindrical, 1-3 cm. long, each subtended

by a linear or lanceolate leaf 2-3 mm. long; umbels lax, 5-15 mm.

in diameter, with usually 10-20 flowers, the bracts linear to oval,

acuminate or acute, 0.5-1 mm. long; flowers deep maroon to violet;

calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 0.5 mm. long, conspicu-

ously shorter than the petals; petals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, with

a linear-lanceolate inflexed apex of nearly equal length; stylopodium

much shorter than the very slender styles; pedicels slender, 2-7 mm.

long, spreading; fruit orbicular, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter, sharply an-

gled, the carpels slightly concave dorsally, the margins acute.—

F.M. Neg. 3455.

Cajamarca: Pr. Chota: bank above Llama, 2300-2400 m., Pen-

nell 15922; Llama, 7500 ft., Sandeman 4098. Pr. Cajamarca: cerros

cerca de Cajamarca, 2500 m., Velarde 582^a. Pr. Hualgayoc: bajo

de San Miguel, 2200-2300 m., Weberbauer 3909, type. Pr. Contu-

maza: Cerro Chunorran, Guzmango, 2900 m., Sag&stegui 3385.

Plants with aromatic, spicy, peppery odor; commonly known as

neldo.

Known only from the mountains of Cajamarca, at elevations of

2000 to 3300 meters.

Eremocharis triradiata (Wolff) Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb.

85: 174. 1929. Asteriscium triradiatum Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 292.

1908.

Low shrub, 0.5-2 m. tall, intricately dichotomously branched,

the branches short, stiff, and markedly spinescent, spreading, terete,

striate or obscurely grooved, the older parts with prominently ex-

foliating bark; leaves numerous, alternate and prominently fascicled

below, 0.5-1.2 cm. long, 0.5-1 cm. broad, ovate-cuneate, trilobed or

triparted, the lobes cuneate-oblanceolate, 3-8 mm. long, 2-5 mm.

broad, the central one exceeding the two lateral, all spinose-dentate

or 1-3-lobed; petiole linear, 1-2 cm. long, dilated only at base; cauline

leaves reduced upward, becoming spatulate-cuneate and shallowly

54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

trilobed or even entire; peduncles in groups of 2-4, spreading, 0.5-

3 cm. long, attenuate at apex, each subtended by an oblong leaf

1-3 mm. long; umbels rather compact, 5-12 mm. in diameter, with

usually 3-8 flowers, the bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1-1.5 mm.

long; flowers deep maroon to blackish-violet; calyx lobes triangular-

ovate, about 0.5 mm. long, conspicuously shorter than the petals;

petals obovate, 1 mm. long, with a linear-lanceolate inflexed apex

about 2/3 length of blade; stylopodium much shorter than the rather

slender divergent styles; pedicels slender, 1.5-5.5 mm. long, spread-

ing; fruit orbicular to oval, 1.5-2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, sharply

angled, the carpels slightly concave dorsally, the margins prominent.

Illustrations: Math. & Const. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 33: 156,

/. 24- 1962.

Cusco: Pr. Urubamba: prope Ollantaitambo, 2800-2900 m., W eb-

erbauer 4934, type; Ollantaitambo, open rocky slope, 2900-3100 m.,

Pennell 13652; Urubamba Valley, 3000 m., Herrera 1523; Ollantai-

tambo, 3000 m., Cook & Gilbert 805, 308, Hutchison 1799; Puma-

huara, 3000-3200 m., Vargas 7682: Urquillos, on rocky clay slopes,

2860 m., Vargas 1 1 098. Pr. Quispicanchis : Huambutio, below Oropesa,

open rocky slopes, 3300-3400 m., Pennell 14198; Huambutio, 3000 m.,

Vargas 1533; en la localidad de Huambutio, 3000 m., Univ. Cusco

1170. Pr. Calca: Hda. Urco, 2960 m., Vargas 703; Urubamba

(Vilcanota) Valley, Hda. Sondor, 3000 m., West 8074; Hacienda

Oreo prope opp. Calca, Hammarlund 590; Urcos, 3000 m., Rauh &

Hirsch 1114; Urco, near Calca, 13,000 ft., Balls 6832; near Urcos,

banks of Vilcanota, Hill 195; above Pisac. Hutchison 1806. Pr.

Convention: Valle del Urubamba, 2000 m., Velarde 1075, Gay 1798.

Pr. Cusco: below Cusco, Rose & Rose 19075. Pr. Paucartambo:

Rio Cosnipata, Whitely.

Described as an annual herb by Vargas. Commonly known as

supayccareco. Flowers lemon-scented and entire plant very strongly

aromatic. Growing on parched rocky banks and slopes in full sun.

Known only from the Department of Cusco, in the drainage area

of the Rio Urubamba, at elevations of 2000 to 3400 meters.

ERYNGIUM L.

Creeping to erect, herbaceous, caulescent or acaulescent, usually

glabrous biennials or perennials, from stout taproots or rootstocks

bearing fibrous roots. Leaves coriaceous or membranaceous, entire

or pinnately or palmately lobed to divided, often ciliate to spinose,

the venation parallel or reticulate. Petioles sheathing, sometimes

FLORA OF PERU 55

septate. Inflorescence capitate, the heads solitary, or in cymes

or racemes. Involucre of one or more series of entire or lobed

bracts subtending the head. Involucel of one or more series of

entire or lobed bractlets (floral bracts) subtending the flowers.

Flowers white to purple, sessile; petals ovate to oblong with var-

iously inflexed and lobed to fimbriate tips; sepals prominent, ovate

to lanceolate, acute to obtuse, entire or rarely spinescent; styles

shorter than to exceeding sepals, the stylopodium lacking; carpo-

phore absent. Fruit globose to obovoid, scarcely compressed later-

ally, variously covered with scales or tubercles; ribs obsolete; com-

missure broad; vittae mostly 5, inconspicuous. Seed subterete in

transection, the face plane or slightly concave.

A genus of perhaps 200 species widely distributed through the

temperate and subtropical areas of the world.

Leaves parallel-veined, monocotyledonoid.

Bractlets entire; leaf spines not spinulose; marginal veins parallel,

not branching E. rauhianum.

Bractlets tridentate; leaf spines spinulose on ventral edge, 1 or

2 spinulae between main spines; marginal veins branching.

E. weberbaueri.

Leaves reticulate-veined.

Plants cymosely branched above; bracts not bicolored; inflores-

ence trifurcate, the central peduncles shorter than the lateral.

Heads cylindric; bracts foliaceous, greatly exceeding heads.

E. foetidum.

Heads ovoid, 6-10 mm. broad; bracts spinose, rigid, only slightly

longer than heads E. nudicaule peruvianum.

Plants acaulescent or if caulescent essentially unbranched; bracts

bicolored; inflorescence solitary or if branched the central

peduncle greatly exceeding the lateral E. humile.

Eryngium foetidum L. Sp. PI. 232. 1753, in principal part,

excl. syn. E. antihystericum Rottb. Acta Lit. Univ. Hafn. 1: 288.

1778. E. foetidum f. comosum Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1): 302.

1879. E. foetidum f . nudum Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenr. 61 (IV, 228) :

203. 1913.

Slender, caulescent, branching, glabrous biennials, 0.5-6 dm. high,

from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems mostly solitary, erect;

basal leaves thin and herbaceous, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3-27

cm. long, 1-5 cm. broad, cuneate at base, obtuse at apex, callous-

56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

margined, crenate to finely spinulose-serrate, the venation pinnately

reticulate; petioles short or obsolete, broadly sheathing, up to 3

cm. long; lower cauline leaves like the basal, the upper reduced,

sessile and usually opposite, deeply spinulose-serrate to parted;

inflorescence divaricately trifurcate, the lateral branches often con-

tinuing to form a monochasium, the heads numerous, small, short-

pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads cylindric, 7-11 mm. long,

3-5 mm. broad; bracts 5-6, foliaceous, spreading and reflexed, lance-

olate, 1-4 cm. long, 2-10 mm. broad, mucronate, entire or with

1 or 2 pairs of weak marginal spines, rarely parted, green on both

surfaces, greatly exceeding heads; bractlets linear or lanceolate, 2-3

mm. long, exceeding fruit; coma conspicuous or wanting; sepals

lanceolate to ovate, about 0.5 mm. long, acute, weakly mucronate;

petals oblanceolate to obovate, about 0.5 mm. long; styles short,

slightly exceeding sepals; fruit globose or slightly broader than long;

about 1.5 mm. long, densely papillose with globose, tawny processes.

Illustrations: Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1): pi. 79, II. 1879. Vel-

lozo, Fl. Flum. Icon. 3: pi. 79. 1827.

Huanuco: Pr. Huanuco: Tingo Maria, edge of forest, Asplund

13215. Pr. Pachitea: Pozuzo, Esposto 893.— lea: Pr. Nasca: 52.4

km. south of Nasca, Rahn 195. — Junin: Pr. Tarma: Chanchamayo

Valley, 1000 m., Schunke 356. — Loreto: Pr. Coronel Portillo: borders

of cultivated field, east of Aguaytia, Mathias 5082. Pr. Ucayali:

Stromgebiet des Ucayali von 10° S. bis zur Mundung, Tessmann 3435.

Pr. Maynas: lower Rio Nanay, Williams 389; La Victoria on the

Amazon River, Williams 2515. Pr. Alto Amazonas: Garden, Fort-

aleza (Yurimaguas), lower Rio Huallaga, 155-210 m., Williams 4.503;

pasture, Puerto Arturo, lower Rio Huallaga, 155-210 m., Wittiams

4979. — San Martin: Pr. Mariscal Caceres: muddy roadside, western

end of Boqueron de Abad, Mathias 3595. Pr. Lamas: Tarapoto,

Scolnik 1197.

Locally known as sacha culantro, culandro, and siuca culantro.

The leaves are used as a condiment and occasionally as a medicine.

Occasionally cultivated as a condiment, widely distributed from Vera

Cruz to Panama and the West Indies south to Brasil and Bolivia.

Eryngium humile Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 115. 1800; Icon. 6:

37, pi 556, f. 1. 1800. E. subacaule Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 116.

1800; Icon. 6: 37, pi 556, f. 2. 1800. E. humile var. C. Delar. Eryng.

56, pi 18, f. 2. 1808. E. stellatum Mutis ex Delar. Eryng. 55, pi 25.

1808. E. humile var. 7 subacaule HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 33. 8121.

FLORA OF PERU 57

E. humile var. /3 caulescens HBK. I.e. E. radiciflorum Tratt. Ar-

chiv. pi. 764 ex DC. Prodr. 4: 93. 1830. E. humile var. caulescens

Hook. Icon. 3: pi. 216. 1840. E. humile var. latipes Hook. Icon. 3:

pi. 216. 1840. E. humile 0 pulchellum Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 201.

1861. E. humile subvar. acaulis Wedd. I.e. E. pulchellum Wedd. I.e.,

nomen in synon, not of Phil. 1860. E. humile var. brevibracteatum

Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 20: Beibl. 49: 72. 1895. E. humile var. radici-

florum (Tratt.) Hieron. ex Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenr. 61 (IV, 228) :

189. 1913. E. humile var. typicum Wolff, I.e. E. humile var. suba-

caule Wolff, op. cit., 190. E. humile var. stellatum (Mutis) Hieron.

ex Wolff, I.e. E. humile var. multiradiatum Hieron. ex Wolff, I.e.,

nomen in synon. E. humile var. gigantophyllum Wolff, I.e.

Glabrous perennial, acaulescent or caulescent to 6 dm. high,

from a cluster of fascicled roots; leaves rosulate, the blades ovate-

oblong to obovate, 2-15 cm. long, 0.8-2 cm. broad, spinulose-

crenate-serrate, reticulate-veined, the margin cartilaginous, paler

beneath, obtuse, decurrent below; cauline leaves 1 or 2 pairs, con-

nate at base; peduncles solitary, subsessile, to 25 cm. long, or ar-

ranged in trifurcate inflorescence, the central peduncle much longer

than the laterals, to 12 cm. long; heads ovoid to depressed-globose,

0.5-1 cm. long, about as broad, with numerous white or blue flowers;

bracts rigid, about 10, oblanceolate, acute, entire, or sparingly

spinulose-serrulate, bicolored, greenish without, silvery within, the

bractlets entire, spinose, shorter than to equaling the flowers; fruit

ovoid, ca. 2 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, the scales homomorphic,

ovate-vescicular.

Illustrations: Hook. Ic. 3: pi. 216. 1840. Wedd. Chor. And. 2:

pi. 69 A. 1860. Schimper, Pflanzen-Geogr. 781, fig. 440 (2). 1898.

Engler, Pflanzenr. 61 (IV, 228): 189, /. 31. 1913.

Amazonas: Pr. Chachapoyas: path, Chachapoyas-Moyabamba,

Central Cordillera of the Andes, 2700-3300 m., Williams 7595;

Cerro Puna-urco, 3200 m., Ochoa 1675; lado oriental del valle del

Maranon, encima de Balsas, 3500-3600 m., Weberbauer 4292.—

Ancash: Pr. Huaylas: encima de Pampa Comas en el Camino de

Samanco a Caraz, 3100-3300 m., Weberbauer 3214; Cord. Blanca,

3900 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1993. — Cajamarca: Pr. Contumaza: Guz-

mango, Cruz Grande, Cumbre el Gavilan, Carretera Cajamarca-

Chilete, 3200 m., Ferreyra 3270, 3200-3400 m., Sagdstegui 0099. Pr.

Celendin: Celendin, 2750 m., Lopez & Sagastegui 3107. Pr. Chota:

arriba de Chota, 2700-2800 m., Ferreyra 8491 ; entre Huambos y Llama,

2000-2300 m., Ferreyra 870. Pr. Hualgayoc: abajo de San Miguel,

58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

2500-2600 m., Weberbauer 3912. Pr. Cajamarca: Cajamarca, Diaz.

— Cusco: Pr. Calca: Urcos, 11,000 ft., Stafford 1005. — Huancavelica:

Pr. Tayacaja: entre Colcabamba y Cuicabamba, 2800-2900 m.,

Tovar 1813; Chuspi-Tocas, entre Colcabamba y Paucarbamba, 2900-

3000 m., Tovar 2033. — Huanuco: Pr. Huanuco, Carpish, cumbre

entre Huanuco y Tingo Maria, 2700-2800 m., Ferreyra 1839; Mito-

tambo, arriba de Mito, 3000-3100 m., Ferreyra 6691; 2900-3000 m.,

Ferreyra 9490; Pillao, 2700 m., Woytkowski 34054; 15 mi. southeast

of Huanuco, 10,500 ft., Macbride & Feather stone 2091; Mito, about

9000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1795. Pr. Dos de Mayo: Cha-

vinillo, 3900 m., Woytkowski 276; 3400-3800 m., Woytkowski 867 —

Junin: Pr. Huancayo: Huancayo, 3317 m., Soukup 2749. Pr. Tarma:

cerros al este de Palca, 3000-3100 m., Weberbauer 2430. Pr. Yauli:

Oroya near Lima, 13,000-14,000 ft., KaLenborn 106— LB, Libertad:

Pr. Santiago de Chuco: Quesquenda, Jalca de Quiruvilca, 4000 m.,

Ldpez & Sagastegui 2878. Pr. Bolivar: camino a Cujibamba, Bolivar,

3300 m., Ldpez & Sagastegui 3300; arriba de Longotea, 3200 m.,

Ldpez & Sagastegui 3180; camino unamen, Bolivar, 3050 m., Ldpez

& Sagastegui 3325. Pr. Huamachuco: Munmalca, Hda. Cocha-

bamba, 3200 m., Ldpez & Sagastegui 2823. Pr. Otuzco: Agall-

pampa, 3270 m., Ldpez 1039; Yamobamba, 2800 m., Angulo 1421.

Pr. Tarma: "Camino de Vitoc a los altos de Palca," Isern 34 (Cua-

trecasas 2210). — Pasco: Pr. D. Carrion: Hacienda 9 mi. up river

from Yanahuanca, Chinche, 11,500 ft., Macbride & Featherstone

1270, 1269. — Without definite locality: Ruiz & Pawn.

Common on open grassy slopes at elevations of 2500 to 3900

meters, Colombia to Peru. Wolff recognized eight varieties of E.

humile based primarily on habit, development of peduncles, leaf

outline, and type of involucre. Others have recognized at least

two varieties, the one acaulescent and the other caulescent. The

authors conclude that the extensive collections now available offer

such a complete series with respect to these characters that only

one taxon can be delimited. However, extended field studies over

the entire range of the species may lead to subsequent delimitation

of subspecific taxa.

Eryngium nudicaule var. peruvianum Urban, Mart. Fl. Bras.

11 (1):304. 1879.

Slender glabrous perennial to 2 dm. high, from a stout sometimes

horizontal rootstock; basal leaves rosulate, the blades ovate-oblong,

to 3 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, spinose-serrate, reticulately veined,

FLORA OF PERU 59

obtuse, cuneate, the petiole about 2 cm. long; inflorescence cymosely

trifurcately branched, the central peduncle shorter than the laterals;

heads shortly ovoid; bracts rigid, linear-lanceolate, spinose, about

equaling flowering heads, spreading, entire, cartilaginous-margined;

bractlets similar, slightly exceeding flowers; fruit ovoid with lateral

scales, naked dorsally.

Cusco: Pr. Canchis: Sicuani, in clayey soil among grasses, 3650 m.,

Vargas 9825 (1471); Sicuani, 3551 m., Hicken 28.

A polymorphic species common in fields, southern Brasil to Argen-

tina and Bolivia; variety peruvianum is confined to southern Peru,

Bolivia and northern Argentina.

Eryngium rauhianum Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 84:

192, /. 5. 1957.

Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennial 1-1.5 m. tall from a thick

rootstock bearing fibrous roots, the stems several, slender, unbranched

below the inflorescence; basal leaves rather rigid, linear-lanceolate,

15-25 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad at base, broadest at or below the

middle, acuminate, spinulose-dentate with short, subequal, spread-

ing-ascending solitary spines 3-7 mm. long, mostly 3-8 mm. apart

toward base, the venation parallel; sheath as broad as or broader

than the blade, 3-4 cm. long, plane; cauline leaves like the basal,

alternate below, the uppermost opposite and bractlike, spreading;

inflorescence paniculate, 4-8 dm. long, the lower branches alternate,

axillary, the terminal in a 4-6-membered whorl; heads numerous,

pedunculate, ovoid, blue, 10-12 mm. long, 8-10 mm. broad, the

flowers numerous; bracts 8-10, rigid, curved, spreading-ascending,

ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4-6 mm. long, subequal, entire or with

a lateral spinose tooth, a little scabridulous distally, much shorter

than the heads; bractlets like the bracts, ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm.

long, curved, entire, scabridulous, greatly exceeding the flowers;

coma wanting; sepals oval to orbicular, 1.2-1.5 mm. long, 0.8-1 mm.

broad, obtuse, mucronulate, blue, scabridulous; petals oval, about

1 mm. long, the narrower distally bifid, the inflexed apex subequal;

immature fruit cuneate, 1.5--2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, the lateral

scales linear-lanceolate, free, forming a pair of prominent wings, the

calycine scales uniseriate, lanceolate to ovate, prominent, the dorsal

scales obsolete or wanting.

Cusco: Pr. Quispicanchis : Rio Marcapata, dry places, Rauh &

Hirsch 1279, type.

60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

The Peruvian specimens listed by Wolff under E. delarocheanum

in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (IV, 228) : 251. 1913, probably belong to

this species: "Sandia, an felsigen Abhangen (Weberbauer n. 578-

bliihend in Marz). Einh. Name: Chuchurapi." And Weberbauer

himself lists as E. paniculatum from the Department of Cusco

plants, probably referable to this taxon, occurring as herbaceous

components of the steppe and pajonal between 2000 and 3500 meters,

on the ridges of the Marcapata (El Mundo Vegetal de los Andes

peruanos, p. 564) and Sandia (Die Pflanzenwelt der peruanischen

Andes, p. 238; El Mundo Vegetal de los Andes peruanos, p. 568).

Eryngium weberbaueri Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 294. 1908.

Stout caulescent, glabrous perennials to 1 m. high from a thick-

ened rootstock; basal leaves rigid, linear-lanceolate, 15-27 cm. long,

about 1.5 cm. broad, broadest at or below the middle, acute, spinose-

dentate with subequal spreading-ascending solitary spines 3-7 mm.

long, ventrally spinulose, mostly 3-8 mm. apart, the venation par-

allel; the sheath as broad as the blade, plane; cauline leaves few, like

the basal, becoming smaller above and opposite in the inflorescence;

inflorescence umbellately branched, the peduncles to 7 cm. long, the

heads few, broadly cylindrical to ovoid, 15-25 mm. long, 10-15 mm.

broad; flowers numerous, dark- violet; bracts several, lanceolate, pin-

nately spinose, much shorter than the heads; bractlets similar, longer

than the flowers; fruit brown, oblong-ovoid, 2 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm.

broad, the lateral scales forming a pair of prominent wings, the caly-

cine scales in one series, the intermediate scales smaller.

Ayacucho: Pr. Huanta: Putis, Choimacota Valley, grass steppe,

3400 m., Weberbauer 7527. — Cusco: Pr. Urubamba: Ollantaitambo,

3000 m., Cook & Gilbert 694; Valle del Urubamba, 3400 m., Ollantai-

tambo, Herrera 3434. Pr. Paucartambo: Hacienda Churu, 3700 m.,

Herrera 1028; Paucartambo to Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc,

3300-3500 m., Pennell 14168; Ayapata, Huaisampilla, 2800 m., Var-

gas 9938, Herrera 2594- — Junin: Pr. Huancayo: Huancayo, Soukup

3580, 3317 m., Soukup 2931. Pr. Tarma: in montibus a Palca, 2700-

3100 m., Weberbauer 2438, type. — Puno: Pr. Sandia: near Limbani,

3200-3450 m., Metcalf 30533.

Dry open places among rocks and in grass steppes, southern Peru,

and now to be extended to Bolivia (Brooke 5085: Calomi, 30 miles

ENE of Cochabamba). Commonly known as escorzonera.

FLORA OF PERU 61

FOENIGULUM Adans.

Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous and

glaucous perennials or biennials with a strong anise odor, from tap-

roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately decompound,

the ultimate divisions filiform. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of

loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre

wanting. Rays numerous, ascending. Involucel wanting. Pedicels

several, spreading. Flowers yellow; petals obovate with a narrower

inflexed apex; calyx lobes obsolete; styles very short, recurved, the

stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-parted to base. Fruit oblong,

slightly compressed laterally, glabrous; ribs prominent, acute or ob-

tuse; vittae solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed com-

pressed dorsally in transection, often sulcate under the intervals, the

face plane or slightly concave.

An Old World genus of four species, one of which has become a

well-established weed in the warm-temperate or subtropical areas of

the western hemisphere.

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. Foeniculum no. 1.

1768. Anethum foeniculum L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753. Ligusticum foe-

niculum Crantz, Class. Umbell. 82. 1767. Foeniculum officinale All.

Fl. Ped. 2: 25. 1785. F. foeniculum Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 837. 1882.

Plants stout, 9-21 dm. high; leaves ovate to deltoid, the blades

about 3 dm. long, 4 dm. broad, pinnately decompound, glaucous to

dark green, the leaflets filiform, 4-40 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad;

petioles 7-14 cm. long, wholly and broadly sheathing; inflorescence

branching, the peduncles 15-65 mm. long; rays 15-40, spreading-

ascending in flower, ascending to suberect in fruit, somewhat un-

equal, 1-6.5 cm. long; pedicels several, 2-10 mm. long, subequal;

fruit oblong, 3.5-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, the ribs acute.

Illustrations: Gaertn. Fruct. pi. 23. 1788. Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Or.

2: pi. 570. 1842. Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. ed. 2, 2: 643. 1913. Britton,

Fl. Bermuda 276. 1918. Jeps. Madrono 1: 143. 1923.

Apurimac: Pr. Abancay: Pachachaca Bridge over Rio Pacha-

chaca, 1850 m., Hutchison 1726. — Arequipa: Pr. Caraveli: lomas de

Atiquipa, entre Nazca y Chala, 400-500 m., Ferreyra 13505. — Lima:

cult. Museo, Cornejo. Pr. Huarochiri: Surco, 2000 m., Asplund

11031; Matucana, thoroughly established among boulders along

river, 8000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 322. — San Martin: Pr.

Lamas: Chacara, San Roque, 1350-1500 m., Williams 7361; garden,

Tarapoto, 750 m., Williams 5935; Lamas, 840 m., Williams 63J+9.

62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

The cultivated fennel, locally known as anis, native of the Medi-

terranean region and adventive throughout the western hemisphere.

HYDROCOTYLE (Tourn.) L.

Reference: Mathias, The genus Hydrocotyle in northern South

America. Brittonia 2: 201-237. 1936.

Low, glabrous or pubescent, herbaceous perennials with slender

creeping stems or rootstocks. Leaves petiolate, peltate or non-pel-

tate, entire or parted to base; petioles slender. Inflorescence usually

a simple umbel, sometimes proliferous or an interrupted spike; pedun-

cles axillary, subsessile to much exceeding leaves; involucre absent or

present; flowers white, greenish, purplish, or yellow; petals ovate,

plane; calyx lobes minute or obsolete; stylopodium depressed to con-

spicuously conical. Fruit transversely ovate to orbicular, strongly

flattened laterally, dorsal surface rounded or acute, the lateral ribs

conspicuous, slender, acute, rarely obscure, the dorsal ribs acute,

rarely obscure; carpels orbicular to triangular in transection; seed

face plane to convex; oil-bearing cells conspicuous to obsolete;

strengthening cells surrounding the seed cavity.

A large circum-austral genus, of perhaps 75 species, with impor-

tant incursions into the northern hemisphere. Certain species are

common in the strand floras of the world. Hydrocotyle is the largest

genus of Umbelliferae in Peru, with approximately 20 species, some

known only from the type localities.

Leaves peltate, the petiole not attached at the leaf margin.

Inflorescence a proliferous umbel H. bonariensis.

Inflorescence a simple umbel.

Leaves orbicular-reniform, not lobed or with shallow, broad

lobes.

Flowers and fruit sessile to subsessile H. pusilla.

Flowers and fruit pedicellate H. umbellata.

Leaves deltoid-acuminate to orbicular-acuminate, crenate, shal-

lowly lobed or angulate-lobed.

Leaves not angulate-lobed.

Peduncles more than 30 cm. long; leaves irregularly crenate,

not lobed H. longipes.

Peduncles less than 30 cm. long; leaves shallowly lobed.

H. acuminata.

FLORA OF PERU 63

Leaves angulate-lobed.

Leaf lobes unequal, the apical conspicuously elongate.

Petioles more or less retrorse-hirsute; mature pedicels

8-13 mm. long H. quinqueloba.

Petioles glabrous; mature pedicels 3-6 mm. long.

H. peruviana.

Leaf lobes subequal, the apical not elongate . . H. humboldtii.

Leaves paleaceous, not peltate, the petiole attached at the leaf mar-

gin, or if peltate the blade palmately divided.

Leaves trifoliate, the lateral leaflets parted nearly to base.

Stems glabrous; leaflets spinulose-dentate and shallowly lobed.

H. macbridei.

Stems hirsute, especially at nodes; leaflets pinnately divided to

incised-dentate H . palmata.

Leaves lobed not more than to middle, or merely crenate.

Plants aquatic or semiaquatic; roots conspicuously long-fibrous;

leaves parted about to middle H. ranunculoides.

Plants terrestrial; roots not conspicuously long-fibrous; leaves

shallowly lobed or crenate.

Umbels 50-200-flowered.

Leaf lobes subequal, the apical scarcely elongate.

Apical leaf lobe slightly elongate; stems sparingly hirsute

to glabrate H. globiflora.

Apical leaf lobe not elongate; stems rufo-villous.

H. dahlgrenii.

Leaf lobes unequal, the apical conspicuously elongate.

Stems essentially glabrous; peduncles sparsely pubescent.

H. acutifolia.

Stems rufo-hirsute; peduncles hirsute H. vestita.

Umbels 7-45-flowered.

Leaves angulately 5-7-lobed, the lobes acute to subacumi-

nate; stems rufo-villous H. steyermarkii.

Leaves not angulately lobed, the lobes rounded, sometimes

truncate; stems not rufo-villous.

Pedicels pubescent.

Leaves shallowly 9-11-lobed. . .H. bonplandii hirtipes.

Leaves 7-9-lobed about 1/3 distance to sinus.

H. alchemilloides.

64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Pedicels glabrous.

Leaves lobed M~M distance to sinus . . . H. urbaniana.

Leaves shallowly lobed.

Peduncles densely pubescent above; pedicels 0.5-

1.5 mm. long; leaf margins thickened, slightly

involute H. incrassata.

Peduncles glabrous to sparingly villous; pedicels 3-

6 mm. long; leaf margins neither thickened nor

involute H. filipes.

Hydrocotyle acuminata Urban, Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1): 273,

pi 72, IV. 1879. H. eccentrica Britt. Bull. Torrey Club 18: 36. 1891.

Stems slender, creeping, or climbing to 1.5 m., glabrous to spar-

ingly hirsute; leaves peltate, ovate-acuminate, 1-7 cm. in diameter,

shallowly 9-11-lobed, serrulate to doubly crenate, the apical lobe

long-acuminate, essentially glabrous above and below, or with a few

long hairs on the veins, the petioles slender, 5-25 cm. long, glabrous;

peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, 3-15 cm. long, glabrous;

umbels 12-30-flowered, the pedicels 2-7 mm. long, ascending to re-

flexed, glabrous; fruit ovate to suborbicular, 1-1.5 mm. long, 1.5-

3 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs distinct, acute, the stylopodium con-

ical.—F.M. Neg. 37063.

Illustrations: Bull. Internat. Ceska Akad. Fr. Jos. 13: 126, fig. 3a.

1909 (as H. excentrica).

Cusco: Pr. Paucartambo: Sapansachayoc, 1200 m., Vargas 1024-8;

Valle de Compata, 600 m., Velarde 1230; Sta. Isabel, 1320 m., Var-

gas 6763. — Huancavelica: Pr. Tayacaja: Montepungo, 5 km. east of

Surcubamba, 3000 m., Stork & H or ton 10390, Sander & Sons; El

Gavan, Lechler 2305.

Southern Peru to Bolivia and adjacent Brasil. Frequent in

moist areas.

Hydrocotyle acutifolia R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 25, pi 248, f. a.

1802. Spananthe sinuata Spreng. Syst. 1: 878. 1825. Hydrocotyle

cardiophylla Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 282. 1908.

Stems stout, creeping or climbing to 2 m., glabrous to sparingly

hirsute; leaves not peltate, orbicular-acuminate, 3-12 cm. in diam-

eter, appressed-hirsutulous to hirsute above and below especially on

veins, 9-13-veined, obscurely subangulately 3-8-lobed, the lobes

crenate or crenate-serrate, the apical lobe elongate, deltoid, acute to

FLORA OF PERU 65

acuminate, the petioles slender, 5-22 cm. long, hirsute with divari-

cate hairs, especially above; peduncles longer than the leaves, 10-

30 dm. long, glabrous to villosulous; umbels 50-60-flowered, the

pedicels filiform, 5-12 mm. long, reflexed and spreading, glabrous to

hirsutulous; fruit orbicular-reniform, 1.5-2 mm. broad, glabrous, the

ribs distinct, acute, the stylopodium conspicuous, conical. — F.M.

Neg. 29667.

Ayacucho: Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 2200 m.,

Killip & Smith 22313, 23215.— Cusco: Pr. Urubamba: Machu Picchu

Station, Hutchison 1762; Machu Picchu, 2600 m., Ferreyra 9895,

2040 m., Vargas 1880, 2000 m., Rauh 858; Quebrada de Aguas Cali-

entes near La Maquina (Machu Picchu Station), 2150 m., West 8034;

San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1112. Pr. Paucar-

tambo: Lanamayo, 1600 m., Vargas 6795; Callanga, 1500 m., Woyt-

kowski 427; Pillahuata, 3000 m., Velarde 1253, 1245. Pr. Convention :

Valle Lucumayo, Amaibamba, 1650 m., Vargas 7496. — Huanuco:

Pr. Huanuco: Carpish, 2700 m., Woytkowski; Trocha Hda. Paty-

Campamento Priano, entre Huanuco y Tingo Maria, 2300-2400 m.,

Ferreyra 9407; roadside bank in dense shade under tree ferns, ca.

4.5 km. below summit of Carpish and above Chinchao, Mathias 5164;

Pillao, Ruiz & Pavdn, type. Pr. Pachitea: gravelly stream bank,

5000 ft., Cushi, Macbride 4837.— Junin: Cusa, Ruiz & Pavdn. Pr.

Tarma: cerca a San Ramon, 800-900 m., Constance & Tovar 2216;

Carpapata, above Huacapistana, 2700-3200 m., Killip & Smith

24446; Huacapistana, 1800-2400 m., Killip & Smith 24106, Weber-

bauer 2144, type of H. cardiophylla; San Juan, cerca a Huacapistana,

entre Tarma y San Ramon, 2100-2200 m., Ferreyra 11298; Hua-

capistana, margen izquierdo del Rio Tarma, 1800-1900 m., Ferreyra

11250; Chanchamayo Valley, above Lake Merced at Cumbre Yacu-

nay near summit, 2500 m., Hutchison 1167; Chanchamayo, Isern

2423; Huacapistana, entre Tarma y San Ramon, 1800 m., Ferreyra

3839; Pumahuishea cerca al Puente San Felix, 1000 m., Cerrate 2875.

Frequent in moist sites, vining through shrubs, to Ecuador.

Hydrocotyle alchemilloides Rich. Ann. Sci. Phys. 4: 193,

pi. 63, f. 31. 1820. H. citriodora R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 26. 1802, in

part. H. geranioides Rich. Ann. Sci. Phys. 4: 197, pi. 59, f. 21. 1820.

H. chamaemorus var. citriodora Reiche, Fl. Chile 3: 54. 1902.

Stems slender, creeping, glabrous to subglabrate; leaves orbicular-

reniform, not peltate, 2-8 cm. in diameter, hirtellous to hirsute with

appressed ascending hairs on the veins above; glabrous to hirsutulous

66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

beneath with appressed ascending hairs, shallowly 7-11-lobed not

more than 1/3 distance to sinus, the lobes subequal, crenate, the

crenations subequal, the petioles slender, 2-18 cm. long, densely

hirsute with spreading and reflexed hairs, especially above; pedun-

cles slender, shorter or longer than the leaves, hirsutulous to hirsute

above with somewhat reflexed hairs; umbels 10-25-flowered, the ped-

icels slender, 2-3 mm. long, reflexed and spreading, glabrous to hir-

sutulous; fruit transversely elliptical to orbicular-reniform, 1 mm.

long to about 2 mm. broad, glabrous, the stylopodium depressed. —

F.M. Negs. 37064, 37067.

Cusco: Pr. Urubamba: Veronica, 3500 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1062.

— Huanuco: Pr. Huanuco: Pillao, 2700 m., Woytkowski 104. Pr.

Ambo: Pueblo 3 miles below Ambo, Tomaiquichua, 8500 ft., Mac-

bride & Feather stone 243 %. — Junin: Pr. Tarma: Pachacama, Dombey,

Ruiz & Pavdn, Jussieu, type of H. alchemilloides; entre Palca y Hua-

capistana, 2800 m., Ferreyra 11006. — Pasco: Pr. Pasco: La Quinua,

3500 m., Asplund 12004- — Without definite locality: Dombey, type

of H. geranioides.

Moist woods to Ecuador.

Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam. Encycl. 3: 153. 1789. H. multi-

flora R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 24, pi. 246, f. a. 1802. H. tribotrys R. & P.

op. cit. pi. 246, f. b. H. bonariensis ft tribotrys DC. Prodr. 4: 60. 1830.

H. bonariensis var. multiflora G. Don, Gen. Hist. Dich. PL 3: 249.

1834. H. umbellata ft bonariensis G. Don, I.e., in synon.; Speg. Anal.

Soc. Argent. 48: 54. 1899.

Plants glabrous from tuberous roots; stems slender, creeping;

leaves orbicular- to ovate-peltate, 1.2-12 cm. in diameter, shallowly

12-19-lobed, the lobes crenate, the petioles slender, 2-38.5 cm. long;

peduncles longer than the leaves, 2.5-35 cm. long; umbels proliferous,

many-flowered, the flowers white or yellow, the pedicels 2-20 mm.

long, spreading and reflexed; fruit transversely ovate, 1-2 mm. long,

2-4 mm. broad, the ribs distinct, acute, the stylopodium depressed.

-F.M. Neg. 29671.

Illustrations: Cav. Ic. 5: pi. 488, f.l. 1799. Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1) :

pi. 72, 1. 1879. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 14: pi. 5,f. 7. 1896. Lilloa 2:

441, /. 7. 1938. Rev. Invest. Agr. 4: 30, /. 9. 1950. Bull. Internat.

Ceska Akad. Fr. Jos. 13: 126, /. 3g. 1909. Physis 11: 6, fig. 1, A-C.

1933. Goebel, Entfaltungsbeweg. Pflanzen 169, /. 100, 101. 1920.

Apurimac: Pr. Abancay: Abancay, Herb. San Marcos 105. — Are-

quipa: Pr. Arequipa: Arequipa, Soukup 992, Holway & Holway 772;

FLORA OF PERU 67

along irrigation ditch, Tingo, 2200-2300 m., Pennell 13148; near

Tingo, vicinity of Arequipa, Rose & Rose 18799; Tiabaya, cerca a

Arequipa, 2300 m., borde de acequia, Ferreyra; Chacra, Pachacutac,

3800 ft., Balls B 5874; Yura, Williams 2556. Pr. Caraveli: La

Aguada, cerca a Chala, 8-10 m., Ferreyra 7240. — Cusco: Pr. Con-

vention: Hda. Potrero, Vargas 1698; Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1589;

San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert 973; Torontoy, Uru-

bamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1098. Pr. Calca: Hacienda Oreo prope

opp. Calca, Hammarlund 591. — Huancavelica: Pr. Angaraes: 3 km.

west of Huanta, 2000 m., Stork & Horton 10812. — Huanuco: en un cul-

tivo de cafia de azucar, 2000 m., Woytkowski 733. Pr. Huanuco: banks

of irrigation ditch, Huanuco, 7000 ft., Macbride & Feather stone 2071;

sandy river shore, Huanuco, Asplund 13489; Pampayacu, Sawada —

lea: Pr. Pisco: Pisco, along irrigation ditch, Johnston 3529. — Junin:

Pr. Tarma: shaded stream banks, Tarma, 3000-3300 m., Killip &

Smith 21773. Pr. Yauli: vicinity of Oroya, 10-11,000 ft., Kalenborn

72. — La Libertad: Pr. Trujillo: wet ditch near sea level, Trujillo,

Killip & Smith 21505; Humboldt & Bonpland 3232; river bottom near

Trujillo, Worth, Eyerdam & Morrison 8878; Trujillo, Campina de

Moche, en borde de acequia, 35 m., Lopez 912; Trujillo, Moche, 30 m.,

Angulo & L6pez 198; Ruinas de Chanchan, 5 m., Velarde. — Lima:

Pr. Lima: Andre 4096, Gaudichaud, Dombey, type of H. multiflora,

Weberbauer; Callao, Wilkes Expedition, Andersson; Lurin, Macbride

5932; irrigation ditch banks, Chosica, Macbride & Featherstone 504;

Santa Clara, Rose & Rose 18725, Weddell; Miraflores, cerca a Lima,

borde a acequia, 157 m., Maisch 158; Hda. Villa, cerca de Lima,

20 m., Ferreyra; Cerro Agustino, cerca a Lima, 300 m., Soukup 1546;

Hacienda Villa, cerca a Chorrillos 18 km. al sur de Lima, terrenes

humedos, cerca a la laguna, Herb. San Marcos 11134; Magdalena del

Mar, cerca a Lima, borde de acequia, 157 m., Ridoutt; Chosica, borde

del rio, 800 m., Ridoutt. Pr. Canta: Santa Rosa de Quives, orillas del

rio, Zuniga. Pr. Chancay : Hacienda Paramonga, orillas del estanque,

Ridoutt; Hda. Otopongo (Pativilca), 200 m., Velarde 2298. Pr. Hua-

rochiri: Surco, Asplund 11017. — Moquegua: Pr. Mariscal Nieto:

5 km. west of Moquegua, 850 m., Hutchison 1850. — Tacna: Pr. Tacna:

Tacna, Rusby 1760.

To North Carolina, Brasil, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile; weedy

along streams, irrigation ditches or in moist shady places. Com-

monly known as sombrerito de abad and hierba del Padre Abad. Roots

used as a remedy for toothache.

68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Hydrocotyle bonplandii var. hirtipes Mathias, Brittonia 2:

233. 1936.

Stems filiform, creeping, glabrous to sparingly hirsute; leaves

orbicular-reniform, not peltate, 0.5-3 cm. in diameter, essentially

glabrous, shallowly 9-11-lobed, the lobes truncate, trilobulate, or

tricrenate, the middle lobule or crenation equaling or slightly longer

than the lateral, the petioles 0.5-12 cm. long, retrorse-hirsute, espe-

cially above; peduncles longer than the leaves, 1-9 cm. long, hirtel-

lous; umbels 10-30-flowered, the pedicels 1-4 mm. long, spreading

and reflexed, setulose; fruit orbicular to suborbicular, 1-1.5 mm.

long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs distinct, acute, the stylo-

podium depressed.

Hucinuco: Pr. Hudnuco: Rio Huallaga Canyon, below Rio Santo

Domingo, Macbride 1*236, type.

Known only from the type collection on vertical banks in grassy

hillside at about 1200 meters.

Hydrocotyle dahlgrenii Rose & Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11:

32. 1931.

Stems stout, creeping, densely rufo- to tawny-villous; leaves

reniform-cordate or suborbicular, not peltate, 3-7 cm. in diameter,

appressed-hirsutulous above, especially on the nerves, densely villo-

sulous below, shallowly 11-13-lobed, the lobes subequal, crenate,

the apical crenations equaling or slightly longer than the lateral,

the petioles stout, 2-7 cm. long, retrorse-villous; peduncles much

longer than the leaves, about 10 cm. long, hirsutulous; umbels

60-80-flowered, the pedicels filiform, 5-8 mm. long, reflexed and

spreading, glabrous; fruit orbicular-reniform, about 1.5 mm. broad,

glabrous, the ribs acute, the stylopodium conical. — F.M. Neg. 44845.

Huanuco: Pr. Pachitea: moist sunny banks, Cueva Grande, Esta-

cion near Pozuzo, about 3500 feet, Macbride 1*776, type.

Known only from the type collection.

Hydrocotyle filipes Mathias, Brittonia 2: 230. 1936.

Stems filiform to slender, creeping, glabrous or pubescent; leaves

orbicular to orbicular-reniform, not peltate, 1-5 mm. in diameter,

glabrous to hirtellous or hirsute with weak spreading hairs above and

below, shallowly 7-9-lobed with crenate lobes, or not lobed and doubly

crenate, the crenations subequal, the petioles slender, 1-10 cm.

FLORA OF PERU 69

long, crispate-hirtellous above to densely villous; peduncles filiform,

longer than the leaves, 2.5-5 cm. long, glabrous to sparingly villous;

umbels 7-25-flowered, the petals purplish, the pedicels filiform, 3-6

mm. long, ascending, glabrous; fruit transversely elliptical, 1-1.5

mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs indistinct, the stylo-

podium depressed.

Cusco: Pr. Urubamba: Huinaihuaina, 2550 m., Vargas 4147;

Huayna Picchu, near summit, 2900 m., Hutchison 1757. — Piura:

Pr. Huancabamba: Catulun, 3000 m., Acleto 0524-

To La Paz, Bolivia.

Hydrocotyle globiflora R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 25, pi 247, f. a.

1802. "H. globifera R. & P." in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1): 281. 1879,

error.

Stems stout, creeping, sparingly hirsute to glabrate; leaves not

peltate, orbicular-reniform, 4-15 cm. in diameter, densely hirsu-

tulous or hirsute on the veins above, hirsute to villous below, shal-

lowly 10-14-lobed, the apical lobe slightly elongate, the lobes crenate,

the apical crenation slightly longer than the lateral, the petioles

stout, 4.5-70 cm. long, glabrous below to retrorse-hirsute above;

umbels 80-150= (up to 200=?) flowered; pedicels 5-20 mm. long,

reflexed and spreading, glabrous; fruit transversely elliptical, 1-

1.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, glabrous; the ribs conspicuous,

acute, the stylopodium conspicuous, conical, the styles spreading.—

F.M. Neg. 29669.

Huanuco: Pr. Pachitea: Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn, type; Muna,

about 7000 ft., Macbride 3946. Pr. Huanuco: Pampayacu, hacienda

at mouth of Rio Chinchao, 3500 ft., Macbride 5069; along stream

bank about 1 km. above Chinchao, Mathias 5161.

In deep soil of thickets and in open grassy areas on moist sunny

slopes. H. globiflora, H. acutifolia, and H. dahlgrenii are closely

related morphologically. The leaf shape and pubescence of H.

globiflora are intermediate between those of H. acutifolia and H.

dahlgrenii, suggesting possible gene exchange between these taxa.

Along the road above Chinchao H. acutifolia is widespread and

common in dense shade under tree ferns and bamboos while H.

globiflora has been observed flowering only in full sun although

twining also through shrubbery. H. globiflora has been observed

at somewhat lower elevations than H. acutifolia but the regional

distribution of the taxa has not been mapped.

70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Hydrocotyle gracilis R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 26, pi 2tf,f. b. 1802.

This species was based on a Ruiz & Pavon collection from Muna,

Department of Huanuco. The type of the species has not been seen

nor have any specimens been examined that might be referred to it.

The illustration of the inflorescence in Ruiz and Pavon shows a

plant with a branching peduncle which occasionally is borne on

the petiole. Such a situation is not known to occur in the genus

and is probably an error of the artist since the text describes the

peduncles as solitary, opposite the leaves, erect, slender, shorter

than the petioles, and bearing simple umbels. The foliage in the

illustration is suggestive of that of H. humboldtii. It is possible that

the type material was a mixture, since several hydrocotyles are

known from Huanuco.

Hydrocotyle humboldtii Rich. Ann. Sci. Phys. 4: 173, pi 53,

f. 6. 1820, not H. humboldtii Willd. ex DC. 1830. H. humboldtii

var. macrophylla Mathias, Brittonia 2: 216. 1936.

Stems slender, creeping, glabrous; leaves orbicular-peltate, 1.5-

9 cm. in diameter, glabrous to hirsutulous or sparsely setose on the

veins above and below, angulately 4-7-lobed, }4r% distance to peti-

ole, the lobes triangular-ovate, acute or obtuse, frequently trilobu-

late, the apical lobule conspicuously elongate or the lobes subequal,

the margins doubly crenate to crenate-serrate, the petioles slender,

1-22 cm. long, glabrous to setose at the apex; peduncles equaling or

exceeding leaves, 2.5-17 cm. long, glabrous; umbels 15-30-flowered,

the pedicels 1-6 mm. long, reflexed and spreading, glabrous; fruit

suborbicular, 1-2 mm. long, 1-2.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs dis-

tinct, acute, the stylopodium depressed. — F.M. Neg. 3420.

Cusco: Umantay (Muantay), 3500 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1^6.—

La Libertad: Pr. Bolivar: arriba de Bolivar, 3200 m., Ldpez & Sagas-

tegui 3221*. — Piura: Pr. Huancabamba: Catulun, Acleto 0523.

To the eastern and central cordillera of Colombia and in Santa

Marta.

Hydrocotyle incrassata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 26. 1802, not

H. incrassata Raf. 1817.

Stems slender, creeping, glabrate; leaves orbicular-reniform, not

peltate, 0.5-2 cm. in diameter, glabrous or very sparingly hirsute

above with whitish hairs 2-2.5 mm. long, glabrate below, shallowly

5-9-lobed, the lobes truncate, the margins thickened, whitish, slightly

FLORA OF PERU 71

involute, crenate, the crenations subequal, the apical crenations

slightly bifid, the petioles slender, 1-5 cm. long, more or less hir-

sute; peduncles longer than the leaves, 1-4 cm. long, crispate-hirtel-

lous; umbels compact, 10-20-flowered, the pedicels 0.5-1.5 mm. long,

glabrous; fruit suborbicular, 1-1.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, gla-

brous, the ribs obscure, filiform, the stylopodium depressed.

Ancash: Pr. Bolognesi: abajo de Chiquian, Cerro Pasin, 3200 m.,

Cerrate 2109. — Junin: Pr. Tarma: Tarma, Ruiz & Pavdn, type.—

La Libertad: Pr. Bolivar: camino a las Quishuas, alrededores de

Bolivar, 3000 m., L6pez & Sag&stegui 3290.

To central and eastern cordillera of Colombia and western Bolivia.

Hydrocotyle leucocephala Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1 : 364.

1826.

Illustrations: Vellozo, PI. Plum. 3: pis. 95, 96. 1827 (as H. dux

and H. emarginata). Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1): pi. 76, 1. 1879. Perez-

Moreau, Lilloa 2: 429, /. 2. 1938.

This species is known from southern Mexico to Bolivia and Bra-

sil. Peruvian specimens which have been referred here are apparently

H. alchemilloides. However, it is possible that this taxon may occur

in the Peruvian tropics and it should be watched for.

Hydrocotyle longipes Mathias & Killip, Brittonia 2: 209. 1936.

Stems relatively stout, creeping, glabrous; leaves peltate, orbic-

ular-acuminate, 9-15 cm. in diameter, irregularly crenate, 12-13-

nerved, glabrous above, hirsutulous below especially on veins, the

petioles stout, 30-45 cm. long, sparingly hirsute above, glabrous be-

low; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 30-35 cm. long, glabrous;

umbels 80-100-flowered, the pedicels 10-12 mm. long, spreading and

reflexed, glabrous; fruit suborbicular, about 1 mm. long, 2 mm.

broad, glabrous, the ribs distinct, acute, the stylopodium conical.

Ayacucho: Pr. La Mar: dense forest, between Huanta and Rio

Apurimac, Aina, 1000 m., Killip & Smith 22544, type.

Known only from the type collection.

Hydrocotyle macbridei Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 84:

191, /. 2. 1957.

Stems slender, creeping, glabrous to hirsute; the leaves apparently

paleaceous and not peltate, 2.5-6.5 cm. in diameter, trifoliate, ap-

pearing 5-foliate because of the bipartition of the lateral leaflets, the

72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

leaflets ovate, spinulose-dentate and shallowly lobed, the lateral bi-

partite, hirsute on both surfaces, the lobules obtuse, the petioles

slender, 1-7 cm. long, retrorse-hirsute at least above; peduncles usu-

ally exceeding the leaves, slender, 1-5 cm. long, glabrous below,

retrorse-hirsute at apex; umbels 10-15 mm. in diameter, 35-40-

flowered; flowers green; involucre of several linear-lanceolate bract-

lets 2-3 mm. long, the pedicels slender, 3-5 mm. long, spreading and

reflexed, glabrous; fruit transversely elliptical, 1-1.25 mm. long, 1.5-

1.7 mm. broad, the ribs filiform, indistinct, the stylopodium depressed.

Amazonas: forest bank, loam over clay, 2900 m., mountain south

of Tambo de Ventilla, Pennell 15793, type. Podocarpus wood, Taulia

near Ventilla, 2500 m., Rauh & Hirsch 2205.

Known only from Amazonas, Peru.

Hydrocotyle palmata Mathias, Brittonia 2: 219. 1936.

Stems stout, creeping, glabrous to somewhat hirsute, especially at

nodes; leaves not peltate, 4-10 cm. in diameter, trifoliate, appearing

5-foliate because of the extreme lobation of the leaflets, the leaflets

lanceolate to cuneate, pinnately divided to incised-dentate, hirsute

above with appressed ascending hairs, especially on the veins, hir-

sute below with divaricate hairs, the petioles slender, 3-7 cm. long,

sparingly hirsute with spreading hairs; peduncles shorter to longer

than the leaves, 4-9 cm. long, sparingly hirsute; umbels 20-35-flow-

ered, the pedicels 3-6 mm. long, spreading and reflexed, glabrous;

fruit transversely elliptical, 1-1.5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad, gla-

brous, the dorsal ribs obscure, the lateral ribs distinct, slender, the

stylopodium depressed.

Amazonas: Pr. Chachapoyas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1637, type.

— Cusco: Pr. Urubamba: Puyupatamarca, 3600 m., Vargas 287 b.

Terraces of ancient Inca ruins.

Hydrocotyle peruviana Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 283. 1908.

Stems slender, creeping, glabrous; leaves peltate, orbicular-acumi-

nate, 7-12 cm. in diameter, angulately 7-9-lobed, the lobes triangular-

acuminate, the apical lobe conspicuously elongate, crenate-serrate,

hirsute above with appressed ascending hairs especially on the veins,

hirsute below with spreading and divaricate hairs, the petioles slen-

der, 5-20 cm. long, glabrous; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 4-

11 cm. long, glabrous; umbels 25^40-flowered, the pedicels 4-6 mm.

long, reflexed and spreading, glabrous; fruit suborbicular, about

FLORA OF PERU 73

1.5 mm. long and broad, glabrous, the ribs distinct, slender, acute,

the stylopodium depressed. — F.M. Neg. 18260.

Cusco: Pr. Paucartambo: Pillahuata, Vargas 1905. — Puno: Pr.

Sandia: Sandia, Weberbauer 731, type.

Cusco and Puno to adjacent Bolivia.

Hydrocotyle pusilla A. Rich. Ann. Sci. Phys. 4: 167, pi. 52, f. 2.

1820, not H. pusilla R. Br. 1820.

Stems filiform, creeping; leaves thin, orbicular-peltate, 3-20 mm.

in diameter, glabrous to sparsely villous above, glabrous beneath,

shallowly 5-8-lobed, the lobes crenate, the petioles slender, 5-35 mm.

long, glabrous to densely retrorse-villous; peduncles about equaling

the leaves, 5-15 mm. long, glabrous to retrorse-villous; umbels 2-6-

flowered, the flowers sessile to subsessile; fruit transversely elliptical,

about 0.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, orange, sparingly hirsute to

glabrous, the ribs obsolete, the stylopodium depressed-conical.

Illustrations: Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1): pi 72, II. 1879. Lilloa 2:

452;/. 11. 1938. Physis 11: 10, /. 2, D-F. 1933. Revista Mus. La

Plata Bot. II, 5: 306, /. 15K. 1944.

Cusco: Pr. Convention: Potrero, 1250 m., Vargas 12328. Pr. Uru-

bamba: Machu Picchu, 110 km. NW de Cusco, 2000 m., Ferreyra

9904- — Huanuco: Pr. Pachitea: Huacachi, Estacion near Muiia, Mac-

bride 4090. Pr. Huanuco: common from summit of Carpish to Chin-

chao, along streams and on moist roadside banks, Mathias 4009. —

Junin: Pr. Tarma: Huacapistana, Weberbauer 2023. — San Martin:

Pr. Lamas: Cerro de Campafia, Tarapoto, Spruce 4457. Pr. Mariscal

Caceres: shady bank along roadside stream, 1-2 km. east of Funda

Chela, on road between La Divis6ria and Aguaytia, Mathias 3612.

Moist, densely shaded areas to Haiti, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Brasil,

and Uruguay.

Hydrocotyle quinqueloba R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 25, pi. 248,

f. b. 1802. H. quinqueloba var. stella Urb. in Thellung, Mem. Soc.

Sci. Nat. Neuchatel 5: 392. 1913.

Stems stout, creeping to decumbent, glabrous to sparingly hir-

sute; leaves peltate, orbicular-acuminate, 5-12 cm. in diameter, angu-

lately 5- (4-8-) lobed, the lobes triangular-acuminate, the apical lobe

conspicuously elongate, serrate at the margins, glabrous to hirsutu-

lous above especially on the veins, glabrous to densely hirsutulous

below with divaricate hairs, the petioles slender, 5-15 cm. long, more

74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

or less retrorse-hirsute; peduncles longer than the leaves, 7-10 cm.

long, subglabrate; umbels 30-80-flowered, the pedicels 8-13 mm. long,

glabrous; fruit transversely elliptical, about 2 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm.

broad, glabrous, the ribs distinct, acute, the stylopodium depressed-

conical.— F.M. Neg. 29670

Illustrations: Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1): pi 75, I. 1879. Engl. &

Prantl, Pflanzenf . 3 (8) : 117, /. 47c. 1897.

Cajamarca: Pr. Jae"n: Chirinos, Raimondi 2309; Cutervo, Rai-

mondi 8131. — Huanuco: Pr. Pachitea: Tambo de Vaca, Macbride

4457. Pr. Huanuco: Pillao, Ruiz & Pavdn, type. — Piura: Ayavaca,

2900-3000 m., Weberbauer 6380.

Trailing or vining through bushes, to Ecuador, Bolivia (Brooke

6605: Unduavi, La Paz to Coroico and Chulumani), and Brasil.

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Suppl. 177. 1781, not H. ra-

nunculoides Blume, 1826, Heyne, 1828. H. batrachioides DC. Prodr.

4: 667. 1830.

Plants glabrous; stems slender to somewhat fleshy, floating or

creeping; leaves not peltate, suborbicular-reniform, 0.5-8 cm. in

diameter, 5-6-lobed, the lobes crenate or lobulate, the petioles mostly

slender, 1-34.5 cm. long; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 0.4-6 cm.

long; umbels 5-10-flowered, the pedicels 1-3 mm. long, spreading

and ascending; fruit suborbicular, 1-3 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the

ribs obscure, the stylopodium depressed.

Illustrations: Spreng. Sp. Umbell. pi. 1. 1818. Rich. Ann. Sci.

Phys. 4: pi. 58, f. 18, pi. 59, f. 20. 1820. Mart. Fl. Bras. 11 (1):

pi. 76, III. 1879. Publ. Teen. Direcc. Agropec. La Plata 5 (2) : 106,

/. 50. 1948. Lilloa 2: 450, /. 10. 1938.

Cajamarca: Pr. Jae"n: Pucara, 900 m., Woytkowski 5689. — Cusco:

Pr. Canchis: San Pedro, 3600 m., Vargas 12708.— Junin: Pr. Junin:

Laguna Junin, 4150 m., Constance & Tovar 2381. — Puno: Pr. Huan-

cane": alrededores de Huancane", Vargas 12519.

Common in wet places and sporadic to Pennsylvania, Wash-

ington, and southern South America. Commonly known as sombrerito

de agua.

Hydrocotyle steyermarkii Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club

78: 306, f. 2. 1951.

Stems slender, creeping, rufo-villous; leaves suborbicular to reni-

form, slightly broader than long, not peltate, 7.5-16 cm. in diameter,

FLORA OF PERU 75

villous above and below on the veins, densely villous when young,

5-nerved, angulately 5-7-lobed about Yt of distance to sinus, the

lobes deltoid, 3-5-lobulate, spinulose-serrate, acute to subacuminate,

the petioles 7-32 cm. long, densely villous especially above, with

divaricate hairs; peduncles slender, glabrous, to very sparingly vil-

lous, 5-9.5 cm. long, shorter than the leaves; umbels 30-flowered,

the pedicels slender, 4-6 mm. long, reflexed and spreading, glabrous;

fruit suborbicular, 1.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs

evident, the stylopodium depressed.

Huanuco: Pr. Huanuco: Carpish, 2650 m., shore of a rivulet,

Asplund 12844; above Chinchao toward summit of Carpish in dense

shade, bank of small stream, Mathias 4026.

To Ecuador.

Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Sp. PL 1: 234. 1753. H. umbellu-

lata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 161. 1803.

Plants glabrous; stems slender to somewhat fleshy, floating or

creeping; leaves orbicular-peltate, 5-75 mm. in diameter, crenate or

crenately lobed, the petioles mostly slender, 0.5-40 cm. long; pedun-

cles usually longer than the leaves, 1.5-35 cm. long; umbels rarely

with a slight proliferation along the main axis, many-flowered, the

pedicels 2-25 mm. long, spreading to reflexed; fruit suborbicular,

1-2 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the ribs distinct, obtuse, the stylo-

podium depressed.

Illustrations: Spreng. Sp. Umbell. pi. 1. 1818. Rich. Ann. Sci.

Phys. 4: pi. 52, f. 3, pi 53, f. 4- 1820. Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. ed. 2,

2: 649. 1913. Bettfreund, FL Argentina 1: pi. 18. 1898. Vellozo,

FL Flum. Icon. 3: pi. 91. 1827.

Cajamarca: Pr. Celendin: Celendin, 2750 m., L6pez & Sag&stegui

3106. — Lima: Pr. Lima: Callao, Wilkes Expedition. Pr. Chancay:

Huaral, borde de acequia, "L. A. G."

Frequent along irrigation ditches near the coast. Widespread in

coastal areas in North and South America and sporadically intro-

duced into the Old World.

Hydrocotyle urbaniana Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 283. 1908.

Stems slender, creeping, sparsely pilosulose; leaves orbicular-reni-

form, not peltate, 3-8 cm. in diameter, sparsely hirsute on veins with

curved hairs, 7-9-lobed % to ^ distance to sinus, the lobes ovate

to ovate-rounded or broadly ovate-lanceolate, trilobulate, serrate,

76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

crenate-serrate or doubly serrate, the petioles slender, 6-22 cm. long,

sparsely pilose below, more densely so above; peduncles shorter than

or equaling the leaves, 8-10 cm. long, pilose; umbels 20-25-flowered,

the pedicels slender, 2-5 mm. long, glabrous; fruit orbicular-reniform,

1.2-2 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs filiform, the

stylopodium depressed. — F.M. Neg. 3422.

Cajamarca: Pr. Hualgayoc: supra San Migue'l, 2800-3000 m.,

Weberbauer 3941, type. — Cusco: Pr. Cusco: hills of Saxihuaman,

3500 m., Herrera 2345. — Huancavelica: Pr. Tayacaja: Chuspi-Tocos

entre Colcabamba y Paucarbamba, 2800-2900 m., Tovar 2043.

Known only from the Andes of Peru.

Hydrocotyle vestita Mathias & Killip, Brittonia 2: 222. 1936.

Stems stout, creeping, rufo-hirsute with divaricate hairs; leaves

orbicular-acuminate, not peltate, 3-9 cm. in diameter, hirsute above

and below on veins with divaricate hairs, shallowly and subangu-

lately 10-12-lobed, the terminal lobe elongate-acuminate, the mar-

gins doubly crenate-serrate, the petioles stout, 2-15 cm. long, densely

rufo-hirsute with divaricate and reflexed hairs; peduncles longer than

the leaves, 13-20 cm. long, hirsute below, villosulous above; umbels

50-70-flowered, the pedicels filiform, 5-8 mm. long, reflexed and

spreading, glabrous; fruit orbicular, 1-1.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the

ribs distinct, acute, the stylopodium conical.

Ayacucho: Pr. La Mar: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apuri-

mac, 800 m., dense forest, Killip & Smith 22759, type.

Known only from the type collection.

LILAEOPSIS Greene

References: A. W. Hill, The genus Lilaeopsis: a study in geo-

graphical distribution. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 47: 525-551, /. 1-16,

pis. 19, 20. 1927.

Crantzia Nutt. Gen. 1: 177. 1818, not Scopoli, 1777, Swartz, 1788,

Schreber, 1789. Hallomuellera Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 267. 1891.

Small, tufted, glabrous, caulescent perennials; from long, creep-

ing rhizomes. Leaves reduced to fistulose, transversely septate phyl-

lodes. Inflorescence of simple, loose, axillary few-flowered umbels.

Peduncles slender, shorter or longer than the leaves. Involucre of

a few small bracts. Pedicels slender, ascending to reflexed and pen-

dulous. Flowers white; petals orbicular, acute or obtuse, without a

FLORA OF PERU 77

narrower inflexed apex; calyx teeth small; styles very short, the stylo-

podium depressed or obsolete. Carpophore wanting. Fruit globose

or ovoid, slightly compressed laterally or nearly terete, glabrous;

dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral very thick and corky next to the com-

missure; vittae usually solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure;

seed terete in transection, the face plane; ribs each with a small group

of strengthening cells.

A genus of perhaps 20 morphologically similar species, occurring

in aquatic sites throughout the world.

Lilaeopsis andina Hill, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 47: 540, pi. 20,

f. 3, text fig. 7. 1927. Crantzia lineata Nutt. sensu Gay, Fl. Chile 3:

127. 1847. C. lineata var. subulata Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 202, pi. 68,

f. 1. 1861. Lilaeopsis attenuata Fernald, Rhodora 26: 94. 1924, as to

Andean specimens. L. andina var. inundata (Mandon) Hill, Journ.

Linn. Soc. Bot. 47: 541, pi. 1+7, text fig. 7a. 1927. L. andina f. subulata

(Weddell) Perez-Moreau, Lilloa 1: 292, pi. 2. 1937, for Peruvian

specimens.

Plants low, perennial, acaulescent to 2 cm. high; leaves to 1.5 cm.

long, obscurely septate in dried material, filiform, obtuse, glabrous;

petiole sheathing below; peduncles about 5 mm. long, the umbel

4-5-flowered, the flowers yellowish; involucre obscure or wanting;

pedicels about 4-5 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 1.5-2 mm. long and broad,

with 2 prominent corky lateral ribs, thickened and much broader

than the dorsal and intermediate ribs.

Illustrations: Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 2: pi. 100. 1845. Rep. Prince-

ton Exped. Patagonia 1896-99, 8 (2) : /. 80. 1903-06.

Cajamarca: Pr. Cajamarca: cerca Baiios del Inca, ca. 6 km. de

Cajamarca, 2600-2650 m., Feneyra 3241. — Cusco: Pr. Espinar: al-

rededores de Yauri, Vargas 12078. — Pasco: Pr. Pasco: muddy shore,

Cerro de Pasco, 4300 m., Asplund 11763. — Puno: Pr. Azangaro:

Orillas del lago Arapa, 3900^4000 m., Aguilar 185.

To Bolivia and Argentina.

NEONELSONIA Coult. & Rose

Reference: Mathias & Constance, North American Flora 28B:

73-74. 1944.

Tall, erect, herbaceous but with woody roots, caulescent, branch-

ing, essentially glabrous perennials. Leaves petiolate, membrana-

ceous, ternately or ternate-pinnately compound, the leaflets ovate

or ovate-lanceolate, crenate, serrate, or lobed. Petioles sheathing.

78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and

lateral, or some umbels sessile. Involucre wanting. Fertile rays few,

slender, spreading, the umbels often proliferating. Involucel of sev-

eral filiform bractlets longer than fruit. Fertile pedicels few, filiform.

Flowers greenish-yellow; petals obcordate with a narrower inflexed

apex; calyx teeth inconspicuous; styles short, the stylopodium de-

pressed-conic to conical. Carpophore 2-parted to base. Fruit ellip-

soid-cordate, strongly flattened laterally, glabrous but wrinkled and

5-ridged; ribs filiform; vittae large, solitary in the intervals and with

a small accessory tube on the slope of each adjacent ridge; seed sub-

terete in transection, the face involute.

A genus of two described species ranging from Mexico to Peru.

Neonelsonia acuminata (Benth.) Coult.& Rose; Drudein Engl.

& Prantl, Pflanzenf . 3 (8) : 167. 1898. Arracacia acuminata Benth.

PI. Hartw. 187. 1856.

Large, robust, sprawling to erect perennial herb to 3 m. tall;

basal leaves not seen; cauline leaves ovate, up to 2.2 dm. long, ter-

nate, then 1-2-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute to

acuminate, cuneate to rounded at the base, the lower distinct and

petiolulate, the uppermost sessile and confluent, 2-7 cm. long, 1-

3.5 cm. broad, spinulose-serrate, to spinulose-incised, glabrous above,

glabrous to squamulose on the veins below; petioles 8-10 cm. long,

at least the lower 1/3 sheathing; upper leaves similar, the petioles

sheathing; umbels axillary and sessile in the upper axils, or terminal

with peduncles to 7 cm. long, squamulose at apex; involucre wanting,

or occasionally of a single leaf sheath; fertile rays 4-9, slender, spread-

ing-ascending, unequal, 3-8 cm. long, glabrous to squamulose; in-

volucel of conspicuous filiform bractlets to 3 cm. long, exceeding

mature fruit; fertile pedicels 2-6, spreading, 7-11 mm. long; sterile

rays and pedicels numerous, conspicuous; flowers yellow to green,

the petals obovate to oblanceolate with an acuminate, inflexed tip;

stylopodium conspicuous, conical, the styles stout, about equaling

the stylopodium, slightly recurved; fruit cordate, about 5 mm. long

and 5 mm. broad at base, glabrous, the ribs prominent. — F.M.

Neg. 28316.

Cusco: Pr. Paucartambo: Disto. Marcachea, near Achirani, moist

slopes, Vargas 11162; Pilco, 3000 m., Woytkowski 811+. Pr. Quispi-

canchis: Marcapata, 3200 m., Weberbauer 7785. Pr. Urubamba:

Machu Picchu, 2040 m., Vargas 6242, 2000 m., Vargas 2102.

To Colombia. Locally known as arracacha del monte.

FLORA OF PERU 79

NIPHOGETON Schlecht.

References: Math. & Const. A revision of the Andean genus

Niphogeton (Umbelliferae), Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 23: 405-426.

1951; The Andean genus Niphogeton (Umbelliferae) revisited, Brit-

tonia 14 (2): 148-155. 1962.

Oreosciadium Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 203. 1857. Urbanosciadium

Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 302. 1908. Triphylleion Susseng. Bot. Jahrb.

72: 278. 1942.

Low, cespitose and bushy to slender and scrambling, caulescent

to acaulescent perennial herbs, usually branching at or near the

sometimes woody base, the branches erect or ascending, the herbage

green to glaucous, glabrous to puberulent, scaberulous or hirsutulous,

the foliage usually subcoriaceous; basal leaves rosulate to loosely

clustered, linear-oblong or lanceolate to orbicular or obovate, sim-

ple, ternate, pinnate, or pinnately decompound; petioles stout or

slender, sheathing at least toward the base; leaves rather remote on

vigorously growing shoots, the petioles usually wholly sheathing and

often conspicuously inflated in the upper cauline leaves; inflorescence

terminal and lateral, rarely terminal only, often corymbose, with

usually one to several lateral peduncles arising in the axils of the

cauline leaves, the peduncles slender to stout; involucre of 2-15 lin-

ear-filiform to obovate, entire, lobed, or pinnatifid bracts usually

exceeding the rays; rays (1-) 3-20, angled, spreading, spreading-

ascending, or ascending, subequal to unequal; involucel of 1-7 linear

to obovate, entire to pinnatifid bractlets, usually exceeding the ped-

icels; pedicels 1-10, angled, spreading or spreading-ascending, sub-

equal to unequal; calyx teeth obsolete; petals linear-lanceolate to

oval, obtuse or acute but without a narrowed, inflexed apex, white or

with a colored midvein; stylopodium depressed- to low-conic, the

styles short, spreading or erect; carpophore stout, divided to the

base, the halves divergent at the apex; fruit oblong to ovoid, com-

pressed laterally, the ribs usually prominent, acute or obtuse to

corky-winged; vittae solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure,

sometimes a smaller vitta in the apex of each rib, the face plane or

concave.

A genus of some sixteen species in the Andes at elevations of

2000-4500 meters from Bolivia to Venezuela, and to Costa Rica

(Kupper 1180, Chirripo Grande, 3450 m., type of Triphylleion chirr i-

poi Susseng.) .

Leaves ternately lobed, the lobes essentially entire; rays abortive.

N. azorelloides.

80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Leaves pinnately decompound; rays well developed.

Plants low, bushy, 0.5-3.5 dm. tall; peduncles up to 1 dm. long,

little exceeding foliage; involucre exceeding rays, the rays

0.3-2.5 cm. long.

Plants glabrous to minutely scaberulous or puberulent; leaf

sheaths and bracts not prominently scarious and inflated;

involucre shorter than fruit; stylopodium low-conic, the

styles 0.2-0.5 mm. long; fruit ribs not corky- thickened.

N. dissecta dissecta.

Plants densely scaberulous; leaf sheaths and bracts prominently

scarious and inflated; involucre exceeding fruit; stylopo-

dium depressed conic, the styles 0.5-1 mm. long; fruit ribs

corky-thickened N. scabra.

Plants slender, 3-10 dm. tall; peduncles 1-3 dm. long, greatly

exceeding foliage; involucre much shorter than rays, the rays

1-6.5 cm. long.

Plants glabrous, the peduncles glabrous beneath the umbel; rays

spreading-ascending; fruit 3-4 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad.

N. magna.

Plants scaberulous, the peduncles densely scaberulous beneath

the umbel; rays rather strictly ascending; fruit 5 mm. long,

2.5-3 mm. broad N. stricta.

Niphogeton azorelloides Math. & Const. Brittonia 14: 150,

/. 2. 1962.

Cespitose, subcaulescent, mat-forming dwarf perennial herb 2-4

cm. tall, glabrous, the foliage subcoriaceous, yellowish-green; leaves

densely clustered, oblong-oval, 4-9 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, deeply

ternately lobed, the lobes linear-oblong, acute, the middle lobe ex-

ceeding the laterals, 2-6 mm. long, 1 mm. or less broad, infolded

longitudinally, the petioles slender, 5-15 mm. long, the lower ^ to

}/2 forming a linear-oblong, scarious-winged sheath; inflorescence ter-

minal, with 1-3 peduncles 5-15 mm. long; involucre of a pair of linear,

entire bracts 2-5 mm. long, shorter than the umbel; umbel com-

pound with 1-3 ascending rays 1-2 mm. long, or these abortive and

the umbel simple; involucel of 1 to several bractlets like the bracts,

2-3 mm. long, about equaling the pedicels; pedicels 1-3, 2-3 mm.

long, stout, ascending, subequal; petals broadly oval, obtuse, white;

stylopodium low conic, purplish, the styles 0.2-0.3 mm. long, spread-

ing; fruit ovoid, ca. 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, with a thin, loose,

shining pericarp, the ribs obscure, filiform, rounded, narrower than

FLORA OF PERU 81

the intervals; vittae rather large; seed slightly channeled beneath

the vittae, the seed face plane.

Piura: Pr. Huancabamba: hab. paramo, 3600 m., Cordillera de

Huancabamba, Friedberg 6146.

Southernmost Ecuador and northernmost Peru.

Niphogeton dissecta (Benth.) Macbr. var. dissecta, Macbr.

Field Mus. Bot. 8: 126. 1930. Petroselinum dissectum Benth. PI.

Hartw. 188. 1845. Niphogeton andicola Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 481.

1856. Oreosciadium dissectum Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 204, pi. 69 C.

1857. 0. dissectum /3 asperum Wedd. I.e. Apium dissectum Drude in

Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. 3 (8) : 185. 1897. A. weberbaueri Wolff,

Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 175. 1921. Niphogeton dissecta var. aspera

Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 125. 1930. N. weberbaueri Macbr. I.e. 126.

Bushy to slender perennial herb 0.5-3.5 dm. tall, usually prolifi-

cally branched, glabrous to somewhat scaberulous or puberulent, the

foliage bright green; leaves loosely clustered to subrosulate, oblong

to ovate, 1.5-8 cm. long, 1-7 cm. broad, 1- or 2-pinnate, the leaflets

cuneate to obovate, 3-12 mm. long, 1.5-8 mm. broad, deeply lobed

or pinnatifid, the ultimate divisions linear, 1-1.5 mm. broad, apicu-

late to mucronate; petioles slender, 2-15 cm. long, the lower %to%

in basal leaves forming an oblong sheath, the uppermost petioles

wholly and often rather prominently sheathing; inflorescence termi-

nal and lateral, corymbose, with 1-6 lateral peduncles arising in axils

of cauline leaves, 1-10 dm. long; involucre of 3-7 bracts 4-35 mm.

long, linear to spatulate or obovate, deeply lobed to pinnatifid, rarely

some entire, exceeding rays; rays 5-12, 3-30 mm. long, spreading to

spreading-ascending, unequal; involucel of 3-5 bractlets, 1-10 mm.

long, entire to lobed or pinnatifid, exceeding pedicels; pedicels 2-10,

2-15 mm. long; petals ovate-lanceolate, acute, white or with a green

midvein; stylopodium low-conical, the styles 0.2-0.5 mm. long,

spreading; fruit oblong to ovoid, 2-4 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad,

the ribs prominent, acute, narrower than to about equaling the in-

tervals; vittae large, sometimes a smaller vitta in the apex of each

rib; seed channeled under the vittae, the face shallowly concave. —

F.M. Negs. 3474, 17187, 17188.

Cusco: Agapata, ad limites niv. aetern. summ. Cordill., Lechler

1976, type of N. andicola. Pr. Quispicanchis: near glaciers of the

Ausangate, 4500-4600 m., Weberbauer 7768; Marcapata, Huall-

Hualla, 4150 m., Vargas 11661; Cordillera Ausangate, 4500 m.,

Rauh 1212; Valle del Paucartambo, Hacienda Lauramarca, 4500 m.,

82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Hen era 2323. — Junin: Pr. Tarma: auf Hochgebirgssteppen, W. Hua-

capistana, Weberbauer 2258, type of A. weberbaueri.

To Venezuela and Bolivia in the Andes.

This species, which Wolff termed a "species collectiva," has the

broadest range of any member of the genus, is perhaps the best-

represented in herbaria, and is certainly the most variable. The vari-

ations are primarily in the size and growth form of the plants, in the

size, shape, and dissection of the leaves, in the amount of roughness

or puberulence of the herbage, and in the number and size of various

structures. The type of N. andicola — a name whose application has

been somewhat confused — appears to have been derived from an

essentially glabrous population. Nothing in the original description

of Apium weberbaueri appears to be sufficiently distinctive to keep

this proposed segregate out of N. dissecta as here circumscribed.

Niphogeton magna Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 126. 1930.

Stout perennial herb 4-6 dm. tall, glabrous, the foliage bluish-

green; leaves loosely clustered at base, oblong-oval, 10-20 cm. long,

6-8 cm. broad, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear,

acute, 2-6 mm. long, 1 mm. or less broad, the petioles slender, 10-

20 cm. long, the lower % to % in basal leaves forming a linear-

oblong, scarious- winged sheath, the upper petioles wholly sheathing;

inflorescence terminal and lateral, with 1 or 2 lateral peduncles aris-

ing in axils of cauline leaves, 10-30 cm. long; involucre of apparently

few bracts about 1 cm. long, sublinear, entire or pinnate, shorter than

rays; rays 8-20, 2.5-5 cm. long, spreading-ascending, unequal; in-

volucel of a few bractlets like the bracts, about 4 mm. long, entire,

exceeding pedicels; pedicels 5-10, 2-4 mm. long, spreading-ascending,

unequal; petals and stamens not seen; stylopodium depressed-conical,

the styles about 1 mm. long, spreading; fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long,

2-2.5 mm. broad, the ribs corky-thickened, obtuse, much broader

than the intervals; vittae rather large; seed face shallowly con-

cave.

Junin: Pr. Yauli: La Oroya, at base of limestone cliff, Macbride &

Featherstone 968, type.

This very distinct species appears to connect N. dissecta and

N. scabra with N. stricta, with which it agrees in size and other char-

acters. It is known only from the type collection, made at about

3700 meters elevation. Since this is in an easily accessible area it

is hoped that Peruvian collectors will watch particularly for it.

FLORA OF PERU 83

Niphogeton scabra (Wolff) Macbr. Candollea 5: 395. 1934. Li-

gusticum peucedanoides Presl 7 longifolium Presl ex DC. Prodr. 4:

159. 1830. Oreosciadium scabrum Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 305. 1908.

Apium scabrum Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 175. 1921.

Low, bushy perennial herb 0.5-2.5 dm. tall, branching prolifically,

the branches stout, conspicuously scaberulous throughout, the foliage

light green; leaves densely rosulate at base, oblong-oval, 2.5-6 cm.

long, 2-4 dm. broad, 1- or 2-pinnate, the leaflets cuneate to obovate,

5-15 mm. long, 2-8 mm. broad, apiculate, strongly scaberulous on

margins and veins; petioles 3-10 cm. long, the lower half to the en-

tire petiole in basal leaves with an inflated, scarious, scaberulous

sheath, the upper petioles broadly inflated, wholly sheathing; inflo-

rescence terminal and lateral, densely corymbose, with 1 or 2 lateral

peduncles arising in axils of cauline leaves, the peduncles quite stout,

1.5-10 cm. long; involucre of about 5 bracts, 15-30 mm. long, spatu-

late to obovate, with a prominently inflated scarious sheath and a

pinnatifid blade, exceeding umbellets, prominently scaberulous; rays

8-12, 5-25 mm. long, spreading or spreading-ascending, unequal; in-

volucel of about 5 bractlets like the bracts, 5-15 mm. long, entire or

lobed, conspicuously scaberulous, exceeding umbellets; pedicels 3-7,

1-5 mm. long, spreading or spreading-ascending, unequal; petals

oval, acute, white with a green midvein; stylopodium depressed-

conic, the styles 0.5-1 mm. long, spreading; fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm.

long, 2-2.5 mm. broad, with a thin, loose, shining pericarp, the ribs

very prominent and somewhat corky-thickened, about equaling the

intervals; vittae moderately large; seed face shallowly concave.—

F.M. Negs. 17189, 31806.

Ancash: Pr. Bolognesi: puna, Pariac, Pampa de Lampas, Chi-

quian, 4300 m., Cerrate 1512; laguna de Huamanhueque, arriba de

Aquia, puna, 4400 m., Ferreyra 121^6. — Cusco: Pr. Quispicanchis:

Valle del Paucartambo, hacienda Ccapana, 4200 m., Herrera 2183.

— Huancavelica: Pr. Huancavelica: puna, Huaytanayocc, Tansiri,

cerca a Manta, 4450 m., Tovar 1172, 2558. — Huanuco: Pr. Dos de

Mayo: Huayhuash, 4800-5200 m., Rank, & Hirsch 188^. — Junin:

Pr. Yauli: hillside, 15,500 ft., Morococha, near Mount Puipui, Grant

7586; rocks, Ticlio Pass, 4900 m., Rauh & Hirsch 302; ad viam fer-

ream inter oppida Lima et Oroya ad hacienda Arapa prope Yauli, ad

rupes, 4400 m., Weberbauer 350, type. — Lima: Pr. Huarochiri: "Ober-

halb der Stadt Lima," Weberbauer 5158; Casapalca, 15,500 ft., Mac-

bride & Feather stone 838. — Pasco: Pr. Pasco: Huaron, 14,000 ft.,

Macbride & Feather stone 1127.

84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

The low bushy habit, the crowded inflorescence, the roughness of

the herbage, the stout stems and peduncles, and the conspicuously

scarious and inflated sheaths and bracts combine to make this a

markedly distinct species. The fruit is also strikingly dissimilar to

that of N. dissecta, although the two species have been confused in

the past. Known locally as pampa-culandro. Rocky bunch-grass

slopes in the punas of central Peru.

Niphogeton stricta (Wolff) Math. & Const. Univ. Calif. Publ.

Bot. 23: 419. 1951. Urbanosciadium strictum Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 40:

302. 1908.

Slender perennial herb to 2 m. tall, more or less scaberulous

throughout, the foliage bright green above, paler beneath; leaves

loosely clustered at the base, ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, 4-7 cm.

broad, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions lanceolate,

acute, 1-3 mm. long, 3 mm. or less broad, the petioles slender, 4-

25 cm. long, the lower % to % in the basal leaves forming a broadly

oblong, scarious-winged sheath, the upper petioles wholly sheathing;

inflorescence terminal and lateral, with 1 or 2 lateral peduncles aris-

ing in the axils of the cauline leaves, 6-20 cm. long, densely scaberu-

lous beneath the umbel; involucre of 2 bracts 10-30 mm. long, ovate-

lanceolate, foliaceous, caducous, the blade bipinnate, much shorter

than the rays; rays 7-13, 1-6.5 cm. long, rather strictly ascending,

unequal; involucel of 3-6 linear-lanceolate, entire bractlets 3-5 mm.

long, scaberulous, exceeding the pedicels, caducous; pedicels 5-10,

2-7 mm. long, spreading-ascending, unequal; petals oval, obtuse,

white with a purplish midvein; stylopodium low-conic, the styles

about 1 mm. long, spreading; fruit ovoid, about 5 mm. long, 2.5-

3 mm. broad, the ribs prominent, acute, somewhat corky, broader

than the intervals; vittae large; seed channeled under the vittae, the

face shallowly concave. — F.M. Neg. 3471.

Ancash: inter Samanco et Caraz infra hacienda Cajabamba,

Weberbauer 3153, type. Pr. Bolognesi: Tinya, Valle del Fortaleza,

Disto. de Cajacay, 3900 m., Cerrate 2586; Capillapunta, cerro al s. d.

Chiquian, 3560 m., Cerrate 147, Ferreyra 5704 (3704)-— Lima: Pr.

Huarochiri: Rio Blanco, 12,000 ft., Macbride & Feather stone 641;

Infiernilla, 3400 m., Asplund 11509; alrededores de Santiago cerca

Huarochiri, 3600-3700 m., Cerrate & Tovar 1907. Pr. Lima: near

Antaicocha, Cerro Colorado, east of Canta, 3600-3800 m., Pen-

nell 1464.9.

Known only from the Andean paramos of northern and central

Peru.

FLORA OF PERU 85

OREOMYRRHIS Endl.

Reference: Math. & Const. The genus Oreomyrrhis, Univ. Calif.

Publ. Bot. 27: 347-416. 1955.

Caldasia Lag. Amen. Nat. 2: 99. 1821, not Willd. 1807, not Mutis

1810.

Low, often cespitose and acaulescent to moderately tall and con-

spicuously caulescent perennial herbs; usually from taproots, branch-

ing only at or near the base, or not at all, to branching profusely well

above the base, the branches spreading to erect, glabrous to hoary-

tomentose, the foliage herbaceous; basal leaves usually densely rosu-

late, narrowly oblong to oval, pinnatisect with 5 to 23 opposite leaf-

lets, these entire to pinnatisect; cauline leaves, if present, like the

basal; petioles stout or slender, conspicuously sheathing; inflorescence

terminal, sometimes corymbose, or terminal and lateral, the pedun-

cles slender to stout, each bearing a simple terminal umbel; involucre

of 4-10 linear-lanceolate to obovate, entire to pinnatifid, connate

bracts longer than the flowers, erect to reflexed in fruit; pedicels

stout to filiform, spreading-ascending or spreading; calyx teeth obso-

lete; petals oblong to oval, acute, with an abruptly narrowed and

slightly incurved apex, white, usually with a colored midvein, yellow,

rose- tinged, maroon, or purple; stylopodium more or less conical, the

styles short to slender, their tips approximate to divaricate; carpo-

phore rather stout, divided to base or merely bifid, the halves approx-

imate; fruit oblong to ovoid, slightly compressed laterally, the ribs

moderately prominent, acute to obtuse, sometimes slightly corky,

unwinged; vittae one to several in the intervals, 2 or more on the

commissure; seed subterete in transection, the face nearly plane to

variously concave.

A genus of some 23 species ranging from Taiwan to New Zealand

and from Fuegia and the Falkland Islands to southern Mexico. Only

one species, in our view, occurs in the Andes.

Oreomyrrhis andicola (Kunth) Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 2: 288,

pi. 101. 1844-47, as to name, the combination incorrectly attributed

to Endlicher. Myrrhis andicola Kunth in HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5:

13, pi. 419. 1821. Caldasia chaerophylloides Lag. Amen. Nat. 2: 99.

1821. C. andicola Lag. ex DC. Coll. Me*m. 5: 60, pi 2, f.jl, 2, 3.

1829. C. chaerophyllaea DC. Prodr. 4: 229. 1830. C. chaerophyllaea

a glabriuscula DC. I.e. C. chaerophyllaea ft hirsuta DC. I.e. C. lasio-

petala Lag. ex DC. I.e. Oreomyrrhis lasiopetala Gray, Bot. Wilkes

86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Exped. 1: 712. 1854. 0. andicola 0 tomentosa Wedd. Chlor. And.

2: 206. 1861. 0. daucoides Urban, Linnaea 43: 303. 1880-1882.

Plants 3-50 cm. high from a usually stout taproot, depressed-

cespitose and acaulescent to strongly caulescent and umbellately

branched at base and well above, the branches spreading to erect;

foliage white-tomentose to grayish-hirsute or -hirsutulous to green

and glabrate (completely glabrous in one or two plants observed),

the hairs spreading or appressed, the sheaths ciliate; leaves narrowly

oblong to broadly oval or ovate, 0.5-8 cm. long, 0.4-3 cm. broad,

pinnate with 9-17 oblong to oval or ovate leaflets 1.5-15 mm. long,

1-10 mm. broad, entire or more commonly 1-2-pinnatifid with ovate

to linear, acute, usually mucronate, remote to crowded ultimate divi-

sions, the petioles stout to slender, 0:5-10 cm. long, usually shorter

than the blade, narrowly to broadly scarious-sheathing at base; pe-

duncles 2-80, stout to slender, 1-40 cm. long, hirsute or hirsutulous

with reflexed hairs, spreading to erect, mostly longer than the peti-

oles; involucre of 6-10 narrowly lanceolate or oblong to obovate,

acute or obtuse, entire or shallowly few-toothed to incisely lobed or

deeply pinnatisect bracts, appressed-hirsute or -hirsutulous on the

back and sparsely so or more frequently glabrate within, ciliate,

often a little auriculate and laterally imbricated at base, united their

lower 1/5-1/2, erect to reflexed, shorter than mature fruit; flowers

usually 10-30, shorter than the involucre, the petals white with a

colored midvein, or rose-tinged or rose-colored, generally more or

less pubescent on the back; stylopodium usually low-conical (conical

to depressed), the styles short, their tips usually divergent, the stylo-

podium and style together 0.2-0.5 mm. long; pedicels 1.5-30 mm.

long, stout to slender, usually unequal, shorter than to more than

twice as long as the involucre, hirsute or hirsutulous with loosely to

closely appressed, afflexed hairs, or these rarely spreading or even

reflexed; fruit usually 2-20, oblong to ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm.

broad, commonly tapering toward apex, glabrous or with a few scat-

tered hairs, or rarely both ovaries and mature fruits densely cinere-

ous-hirsutulous, the carpels with 5 prominent, acute to somewhat

rounded, often slightly corky ribs narrower than the intervals; vittae

usually solitary, but occasionally 2 or 3 in the intervals and 2 (occa-

sionally several) on the commissure, the seed face narrowly to broadly

and deeply to shallowly concave.

Illustrations: Weberbauer, Vegetat. Erde 12: 181, /. 20; 203, /. 35g.

1911; El Mundo Veg. And. Per. 344, /. 18; 386, /. 46g. 1945. Math.

& Const. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 27: 366, /. 6. 1955.

FLORA OF PERU 87

Ancash: Pr. Bolognesi: Condorcochas, alrededores de la Laguna,

Disto. Huasta, puna, 4000 m., Cerrate 2717; Tinya, valle del Forta-

leza, pradera con arbustos, 4100 m., Cerrate 2692; Mahuay, 3700 m.,

Cerrate 2214- — Apurimac: Pr. Abancay: Sairite, 3650 m., Vargas

9038; entre Uruhuasi y Abancay, km. 24, 3400 m., Ferreyra 2785.

— Ayacucho: Pr. Huananga: 75 mi. south of Ayacucho on road to

Abancay, beginning descent to Ocros, 4000 m., Hutchison 1708. —

Cusco: Umantay (Muantay), 4000 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1442. Pr.

Cusco : Cusco, Herrera. Pr. Paucartambo : Hacienda Churu, Herrera;

laderas de Paucartambo, 3400 m., Vargas 905. Pr. Urubamba: along

the road, Puyupata-Tuncaipata, 3400 m., Vargas 2936. Pr. Anta:

Cordillera Salcantay, 4200 m., Rauh 1402; abra de Huillque, 3600 m.,

Vargas 5497. — Huancavelica: Pr. Tayacaja: arriba de Hda. Toros

entre Colcabamba y Paucarbamba, 3500-3600 m., Tovar 2082. Pr.

Huancavelica: alrededores de Huancavelica, Vichi, 3700-3800 m.,

Proano. — Huanuco: Pr. Dos de Mayo: puno, Chavinillo, 3900 m.,

Woytkowski 939. — Junin: Pr. Yauli: near Paso de Anticona, Con-

stance & Tovar 3584; Incavacuna, Constance & Tovar 3587; vicinity

of Oroya, Kaleriborn 62a, among rocks, 62; Anticona, piso subnival,

4800 m., Ferreyra 10956. Pr. Huancayo: Quebrada de Occopilla,

Soukup 3638. Pr. Tarma: puna, Oroya-Tarma, 4200 m., Rauh &

Hirsch 265a; Tarma, cerros al este de Palca, 2700-3000 m., Weber-

bauer 2445. — La Libertad: Pr. Huamachuco: Cerro Consuz, Jalca de

Huaguil, 4000 m., Ldpez & Sagastegui 2719. — Lima: Bafios, Casa

Cancha and Culnai, Wilkes Exped. Pr. Huarochiri: Casapalca,

15,500 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 839; Chicla, Ball; pradera, Chicre

cerro al norte de Huarochiri, 3740 m., Cerrate & Tovar 1818; Rio

Blanco, 12,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 743; Viso, 10,000 ft.,

Macbride & Featherstone 591. Pr. Yauyos: entre Pallca y Huacra-

cocha, Tupe, puna, 4200 m., Cerrate 1262. — Pasco: Pr. Pasco: Hua-

ron, 14,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1149. — Puno: Pr. Puno:

km. 4 north of Puno on road to Juliaca, overlooking Puno, 3800 m.,

Hutchison 1819; Isla Amantani, 3950 m., Aguilar. Pr. Melgar: Chu-

quibambilla, Stordy. Pr. Sandia: Limbani, 2800 m., Vargas 1308.

Tabina, Cordillera Oriental, Lechler 2046a. — Without definite local-

ity: Dombey 593.

Paramos and punas, moist, grassy or dry, rocky slopes of the

Andes, from Colombia to northern Argentina, at elevations of 2700

to 4800 meters in Ecuador and Peru, to as low as 1950 meters in the

south. Attempts have been made to delimit several taxa from this

highly variable complex, the nature of which has been graphically

88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

presented by Mathias & Constance (I.e.) to indicate the apparently

random distribution of variants. No striking indications of clear

specific differences in the material have been seen in field studies.

It is highly desirable that Peruvian collectors make field observa-

tions and collections in an endeavor to clarify the nature of the

variability.

OSMORHIZA Raf.

Reference: Constance & Shan, The genus Osmorhiza, Univ. Calif.

Publ. Bot. 23: 111-156. 1948.

Washingtonia Raf. Amer. Mo. Mag. 2: 176. 1818, nomen nudum.

Uraspermum Nutt. Gen. 1: 192. 1818, not Scop. 1777.

Slender to rather stout, erect or decumbent at base, herbaceous,

caulescent, branching, pubescent to glabrate perennials from thick

fascicled roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate or ternate-

pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to orbicular, serrate to pinnatifid,

with mucronate teeth or lobes. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence

of loose compound umbels; the peduncles terminal and lateral,

usually exceeding the leaves. Involucre wanting, of a single foli-

aceous bract, or of several narrow foliaceous bracts. Rays few,

slender, ascending to divaricate and reflexed, unequal. Involucel

of several narrow foliaceous reflexed bractlets or wanting. Pedicels

spreading to divaricate. Flowers white, purple, or greenish-yellow,

the petals spatulate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex;

calyx teeth obsolete; styles slender to obsolete, their tips spreading

or divaricate, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft less than

half its length. Fruit linear to oblong, cylindric to clavate, obtuse,

tapering, beaked or constricted at apex, rounded or caudate at

base, compressed laterally, bristly-hispid to glabrous; ribs filiform,

acute, often bristly; vittae obscure or wanting; seed sub terete in

transection, the face concave or sulcate.

A genus of some 11 species, widespread in woodlands in Asia

and North America, with three species ranging into South America

and one endemic there.

Osmorhiza mexicana Griseb. Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gott. 24: 147.

1879. 0. brevistylis sensu Weddell, Hemsley, etc., not 0. brevistylis

DC. 1830. Washingtonia mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

8: 337. 1905.

Plants slender, 4-8 cm. high, hirsutulous throughout; leaf blades

ovate-deltoid, 5-15 cm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate,

FLORA OF PERU 89

1.5-4 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, coarsely serrate, incised and

pinnately lobed toward base, pilose especially beneath; petioles

8-20 cm. long; peduncles 7-14 cm. long; involucre wanting; rays

3-4, spreading-ascending, 25-75 mm. long; involucel of several linear,

ciliate bractlets, 2-6 mm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 4-6

mm. long; flowers white or greenish-white, the styles and stylopodium

0.5-1.1 mm. long, the latter low-conic, the disc often conspicuous;

carpophore cleft about one-fourth its length; fruit linear-oblong,

13-18 mm. long, tapering into a short beak at the apex, caudate

at the base, the appendages 3-5 mm. long, bristly on ribs and

densely so on appendages.

Illustrations: Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: pi 10.

1895.

Cusco: Pr. Quispicanchis: Disto. Marcapata between Cachu-

pampa and Chile-chile, 3000 m., Vargas 1352, 2400-2600 m., 9697.

Pr. Urubamba: Ollantaitambo, Cook & Gilbert 7-47. Pr. Cusco:

woods, Veronica, 3500 m., Rauh & Hirsch 1026.

To Chihuahua, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina.

PARASELINUM Wolff

Erect, caulescent, sparingly branched, slightly scaberulous peren-

nial herb from a fleshy root. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous,

pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions narrow. Petioles

sheathing. Inflorescence of few compound umbels; peduncles ter-

minal and lateral. Involucre conspicuous. Rays 10-12, stout, un-

equal, spreading-ascending to divaricate. Involucel of several nar-

rowly linear bractlets. Pedicels stout, spreading-ascending. Flow-

ers "white"; petals not seen; calyx lobes obsolete; styles rather short,

divaricate, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore parted to base,

the two halves sharply diverging shortly below the apex. Fruit

broadly ovoid, compressed dorsally, glabrous; ribs low and rounded,

subequal; vittae solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure;

seed slightly compressed dorsally in transection, the face plane.

A little known monotypic genus of the high Andes of Peru,

habitally reminiscent of Niphogeton.

Paraselinum weberbaueri Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 174.

1921.

Plants caulescent to 40 cm. high, remotely branched, with few

stem leaves; leaves pinnately compound, scaberulous, the leaflets

90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

apiculate; upper leaves with petioles wholly sheathing, the seg-

ments linear; inflorescence scaberulous; peduncles to 13 cm. long;

umbels about 10-rayed, the rays 1.2^4 cm. long; bractlets of in-

volucel linear-filiform, shorter than pedicels; fertile pedicels about

5, to 4 mm. long; carpophore parted to base, fruit ovate, about

3.5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad, the stylopodium depressed.

Illustration: Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 84: 194, /. 4.

1957.

Pasco: Cerro (Cordillera) Raura, chalk rocks, 4400 m., Rauh &

Hirsch 1832.

The type of this species was collected by Weberbauer (5471)

southwest of Ayacucho, near the Hacienda Totonabamba in a

sparse woods near high shrubs and small trees, at 3500 meters. This

specimen has not been seen and has probably been destroyed. The

Rauh and Hirsch collection is a single, incomplete specimen, but

it agrees closely with Wolff's description. Additional collections

should be watched for.

PASTINACA L.

Tall, stout, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous to pubescent

biennials or perennials, usually from taproots. Leaves petiolate,

membranaceous, pinnately compound, the leaflets broad, serrate

to pinnatifid. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound

umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre usually wanting.

Rays rather few, spreading-ascending. Involucel usually wanting.

Pedicels slender, spreading-ascending. Flowers yellow or red; petals

oval with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx teeth minute or obsolete;

styles short, spreading, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpo-

phore 2-parted to the base. Fruit oval to obovate, strongly flat-

tened dorsally, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral broadly

thin-winged and nerved near the outer margins; vittae large, solitary

in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure, extending the full length

of the carpel and not visible from the dorsal surface; seed flattened

dorsally in transection, the face plane; strengthening cells in dorsal

ribs and near outer wing-margins.

A genus of about 14 species, native of Eurasia. The cultivated

parsnip has escaped from gardens and become naturalized locally

in many parts of the world.

Pastinaca sativa L. Sp. PI. 262. 1753. Anethum pastinaca

Wibel, Prim. PL Werth. 195. 1799. Peucedanum pastinaca Baillon,

Hist. PI. 7:96. 1879.

FLORA OF PERU 91

Plants to 1.3 m. high; leaves oblong to ovate, the blades 15-25

cm. long, 10-15 cm. broad, the leaflets oblong to ovate, 5-10 cm.

long, 2.5-8 cm. broad, coarsely serrate and lobed or divided, puber-

ulent or glabrate; petioles 1-14 cm. long; cauline leaves with con-

spicuously dilated sheaths; peduncles stout, 7-15 cm. long; rays

15-25, unequal, 2-10 cm. long; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; petals

yellow; fruit 5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad.

Cusco: Pr. Paruro: alrededores de tierras de cultivo, Hda. Aray-

pallpa, 3100 m., Vargas 410.

Europe. The cultivated parsnip, widely naturalized in the west-

ern hemisphere. Commonly known as raccacha a birraca silvestre.

PETROSELINUM Hoffm.

Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous bien-

nials from taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-

pinnately or pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions ovate

to linear, toothed or lobed. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of

loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre

of a few inconspicuous bracts, or wanting. Rays few to numerous,

spreading-ascending. Involucel of several linear bractlets shorter

than the flowers. Pedicels numerous, spreading. Flowers yellow

or greenish-yellow; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex;

calyx teeth obsolete; styles short, spreading, the stylopodium low-

conic. Carpophore 2-parted to the base or cleft to the middle.

Fruit ovoid to oblong, compressed laterally, glabrous; ribs prom-

inent, filiform; vittae solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure;

seed subterete in transection, the face plane.

A Eurasian genus of 3 species, one of which, the cultivated parsley,

has become widely naturalized throughout the world.

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Mansf. Repert. Sp. Nov. 46: 307.

1939. Apium petroselinum L. Sp. PL 264. 1753. A. crispum Mill.

Gard. Diet. ed. 8. Apium no. 2. 1768. Petroselinum hortense Hoffm.

Gen. Umbell. 163. 1814, nomen nudum. P. sativum Hoffm. op. cit.

177, nomen nudum. P. vulgare Lag. Amen. Nat. 2: 103. 1821. Wyd-

leria portoricensis DC. Coll. Me"m. 5: 36, pi. 7. 1829. Co/rum petro-

selinum Benth. & Hook. Gen. PL 1: 891. 1867. Petroselinum petrose-

linum Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 831. 1882.

Plants 3-13 dm. high; leaves deltoid, the ultimate divisions

ovate-lanceolate to linear, 2-5 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, distinct,

92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

petiolulate, toothed or lobed; petioles 1-2 dm. long; peduncles 3-8

cm. long; involucre of a few inconspicuous, entire bracts or wanting;

involucel of 5-6 linear, acute, entire bractlets shorter than the

flowers; rays 10-20, subequal to unequal, 1-5 cm. long; pedicels

2-5 mm. long; fruit ovoid-oblong, 2-4 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad.

Junin: Pr. Tarma: Tarma, east-facing slope of hill immediately

south of town, Hutchison 1048. — Lima: Pr. Lima: Ins. S. Lorenzo,

Callao, N. J. A. (ndersson?}.

Central and northern Europe. The cultivated parsley, widely

adventive in the western hemisphere.

RIDOLFIA Moris

Slender, erect, caulescent, branching, glabrous and glaucous,

strong-scented annual, from a slender taproot. Leaves petiolate,

membranaceous, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions fili-

form, the upper leaves often reduced to bladeless sheaths. Petioles

sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles ter-

minal and lateral. Involucre wanting. Rays numerous, spreading-

ascending. Involucel wanting. Pedicels slender, spreading-ascending.

Flowers yellow; petals oval to obovate with a slightly inflexed,

emarginate apex; calyx teeth obsolete; styles rather slender, divar-

icate, the stylopodium conical. Carpophore bifid. Fruit oblong-

ovoid, compressed laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform, subequal; vittae

solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in

transection, the face plane.

A monotypic genus of Mediterranean Europe, Asia, and Africa,

the single species strongly resembling Anethum and Foeniculum in

habit.

Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris, Ind. Sem. Hort. Taur. 43. 1841;

Fl. Sard. 2: 212, pi 75. 1842. Anethum segetum L. Mant. 219.

1771, in part. Foeniculum segetum Presl, Fl. Sic. Prodr. 1: 26. 1826.

Plants 5-9 dm. high, the branches striate; leaves ovate, the

blades about 2 dm. long, 2 dm. broad, pinnately decompound,

the leaflets filiform to 4 cm. long; petioles 12 cm. long, sheathing

below; upper leaves similar but reduced, the petioles wholly sheath-

ing; inflorescence branching, the peduncles 3-8 cm. long; rays (10-)

20-35, spreading-ascending, subequal, 3-4.5 cm. long; fruiting pedi-

cels about 20, strictly ascending, 5-8 mm. long, unequal; fruit

1.5-2 mm. long.

FLORA OF PERU 93

Illustrations: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pi. 1932. 1867. Hegi,

111. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5 (2): 1162, /. 2438. 1926.

Huanuco: Pr. Huanuco: Huanuco, pasture, Asplund 13466; al-

turas de Santa Rosa, cerca a Huanuco, 1000 m., Ridoutt.

Introduced from southern Europe.

SANICULA L.

Reference: Shan & Constance, The genus Sanicula (Umbelliferae)

in the Old World and the New, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 25: 1-78. 1951.

Low, slender, erect or decumbent, herbaceous, scapose or branch-

ing, glabrous biennials or perennials. Plants arising from a short

rootstock or directly from fusiform or tuberous roots. Leaves pet-

iolate to subsessile, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, palmately or

pinnately divided to decompound, the divisions variously toothed,

lobed, pinnately dissected, or entire, the rachis naked or winged.

Petioles sheathing. Stem usually branched, the branches variously

arranged. Inflorescence of simple capitate umbels cymosely or rac-

emosely arranged. Involucre of entire to lobed bracts longer or

shorter than the umbels. Umbels polygamous, or unisexual with

only staminate flowers. Flowers white, greenish-white, greenish-

yellow, yellow, red, purple, blue, or violet, perfect or staminate,

pedicellate or subsessile, the staminate flowers often prominently

pedicellate, persistent or deciduous, the perfect flowers short-

pedicellate or subsessile; calyx lobes setiform, linear-lanceolate, or

obtusely ovate, nearly distinct to strongly connate, rostrate or con-

cealed by the fruit armature when mature; petals spatulate to ovate,

emarginate, and with a narrower, inflexed tip; styles shorter than

calyx lobes or elongate, spreading, recurved, or coiled, the stylo-

podium lacking or flattened and disklike. Fruits oblong-ovoid to

globose, somewhat compressed laterally, pedicellate or subsessile,

densely covered with prickles, spicules, squamae, or tubercles, the

prickles often dilated or bulbous at base, straight or uncinate; ribs

obsolete; carpels subterete to laterally or dorsally compressed in

transection; vittae large or small, regularly or irregularly arranged,

3 to many under dorsal and lateral surfaces, usually 2 on the com-

missure; seed face plane, concave, or sulcate; strengthening cells

lacking.

A genus of about 40 species, occurring in temperate and sub-

tropical zones throughout the world except for Australia and New

Zealand.

94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Sanicula liberta Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 353. 1826.

S. mexicana DC. Prodr. 4: 85. 1830.

Plants slender, erect, 10-60 cm. high, the stem solitary, dichasially

branched above; from a thick oblique to horizontal rootstock bearing

elongated, thickened roots; basal leaves few to numerous, long-

petiolate, orbicular-cordate to orbicular or pentagonal, 2.5-8 cm.

long, 4-10 cm. broad, palmately 3-5-parted, the segments distinctly

petiolulate, the median segments ovate-lanceolate to obovate-

cuneate, acuminate, shallowly trilobed and irregularly incised, the

lateral segments obliquely ovate or rhomboid-ovate, deeply bilobed,

the margins simple or doubly crenate-serrate with spinulose teeth,

the petiole much longer than the blade; cauline leaves reduced

upward, short-petiolate to subsessile, similar to the basal; involucral

bracts linear, acute, minute; umbels 8-15-flowered, the staminate

flowers 5-12, their pedicels capillary, about 3 mm. long; calyx lobes

narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, obviously connate at base; petals

white to greenish-yellow; perfect flowers usually 3 (rarely solitary),

short-pedicellate, their calyx lobes similar to those of staminate

flowers, scarcely accrescent and not prominent in fruit, the styles

twice as long as the calyx, divaricate; fruits generally 3, some-

times 1 or 2, distinctly pedicellate, subglobose, 2-4 mm. long and

broad, covered with slender, uncinate prickles; carpels subterete

in transection; seed face plane; vittae small, several on the dorsal

and lateral surfaces, 2 on the commissure.

Illustration: Math. & Const. Fl. Panama 358, /. 106. 1959 (Ann.

Mo. Bot. Gard. 46: 248).

Huanuco: Pr. Pachitea: Muiia, 7000 ft., Macbride 3994- Pr.

Hudnuco: Cuchero, Ruiz & Pavdn. — Junin: Pr. Jauja: Rio Masa-

merich, entre el tambo Calabaza y la hacienda La Libertad, 1700-

1800 m., Weberbauer 6660. Pr. Tarma: San Juan, cerca a Huacapi-

stana, margen izquierda del Rio Tarma, entre Tarma y San Ramon,

2200-2300 m., Ferreyra 11315.— San Martin: Pr. Moyobamba: Zep-

elacio, 1100-1200 m., King 3345. Pr. Lamas: San Roque, 1350-

1500 m., Williams 7036, 7130.

Forest weed, to Chihuahua and Bolivia.

SPANANTHE Jacq.

Erect, herbaceous, caulescent, dichotomously branching, glabrous

or pubescent annuals. Leaves petiolate, opposite, membranaceous,

simple, crenate-dentate, palmately veined. Petioles with lacerate,

FLORA OF PERU 95

scarious sheaths, tufted at apex with setulose hairs. Inflorescence

of loose, simple umbels. Peduncles paniculately arranged, axillary

and terminal. Involucre of several small, narrow bracts. Pedicels

slender, spreading-ascending. Flowers white or greenish-white;

petals ovate to obovate, obtuse or acute, without an inflexed apex;

calyx- teeth prominent; styles short, the stylopodium depressed-

conic. Carpophore entire. Fruit ovoid, constricted at the com-

missure and flattened dorsally, glabrous; ribs filiform; vittae minute

in the intervals or wanting; seed dorsally compressed in transection,

the face plane.

A monotypic genus, weedy in tropical and subtropical areas,

the West Indies, Mexico, and Central America to South America.

Leaves acuminate; pedicels 7-10 mm. long . S. paniculata paniculata.

Leaves acute; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; lomas . S. paniculata peruviana.

Spananthe paniculata Jacq. var. paniculata Jacq. Coll. 3:

247. 1789. Huanaca spananthe Vela in Lag. Amen. Nat. 1: 84. 1821.

Hydrocotyle spananthe Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 1363. 1798. Spananthe set-

osa Moench, Meth. Suppl. 34. 1802. S. angulosa Turcz. Bull. Soc.

Nat. Mosc. 20 (1) : 171. 1847.

Plants 2-15 dm. high; leaf blades 1.5-14 cm. long, 0.5-14 cm.

broad, acuminate; petiole 0.7-14 cm. long; peduncles 0.7-14 cm.

long, hirtellous-pubescent at the base of the umbel; involucre of

several lanceolate, mostly entire bracts, 2-3 mm. long; pedicels

several, spreading-ascending, 7-10 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 2-4 mm.

long, about 2 mm. broad.

Illustrations: Jacq. Ic. PI. Rar. 2: pi 850. 1786-1793. Mart. Fl.

Bras. 11 (I): pi. 77. 1879.

Ayacucho: Pr. La Mar: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac,

750-1000 m., open woods, clearing, Killip & Smith 22826. — Caja-

marca: Pr. Cajamarca: abajo de San Pablo, 2200-2400 m., Weber-

bauer 3851. — Cusco: Pr. Convention: Potrero, Garabito, 1350 m.,

Vargas 7106, 1814. — Huanuco: Pr. Huanuco: open humid waste-

land, Pillao, 2700 m., Woytkowski 34156; moist slopes, Villcabamba,

Hacienda on Rio Chinchao, 6000 ft., Macbride 4979. Pr. Tingo

Maria: weed, Tingo Maria, Asplund 12433. Pr. Pachitea: Mufia,

at sunny edge of montafia, 7000 ft., Macbride 4002. Sunny brook

margin, Maria del Valle, 7000 ft., Macbride 3561.— La Libertad:

Pr. Otuzco: Chual (Simbal-La Cuesta), 1150 m., L6pez 946. — Lam-

bayeque: Pr. Lambayeque: above Olmos, 700 m., Weberbauer 7095.

96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Weedy; the West Indies, central Mexico, and Central America

to South America.

Spananthe paniculata Jacq. var. peruviana Wolff, Repert.

Sp. Nov. 17: 176. 1921.

Plants 0.7-4 dm. high; leaf blades 1.2-3 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm.

broad, acute, subcordate to truncate, dentate-crenate, sparingly

setose on veins; petiole to 5 cm. long; peduncles 1-4.5 cm. long,

1-3 in the axils; involucre of several scarious linear-lanceolate bracts,

shorter than the white flowers; pedicels 5-10, 2-5 mm. long; fruit

truncate-ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, 0.5-2 mm. broad.

Arequipa: Pr. Islay: 8 km. north of Quebrada de Mollendo,

350 m., Worth & Morrison 15749; lomas de Mollendo, 100-300 m.,

Vargas 86 42; Mollendo, Hitchcock 22388. — lea: Pr. Pisco: Pisco

Valley, 2500 m., Rauh & Hirsch 395a. — Lima: Pr. Lima: lomas de

Atocongo, 300-400 m., Ferreyra 2443, 4014, 12470; 400-500 m.,

Ferreyra 187, 11813; rocks, 200-600 m. on hills south of Atocongo,

Pennell & Anderson 15947; Atocongo, rocky limestone slopes, 250-

500 m., Pennell 14780; lomas de Chotana, alrededores de Caracoles,

carretera Lima-Canete, 250-300 m., Ferreyra 6286; Dist. Pacha-

camac, Atocongo, 300 m., Mexia 4049; Amancaes, cerca a Lima,

300 m., Maisch 152, 150 m., Soukup 2892; Cerro Agustinos, Soukup

2160; Lurin, sandy lomas along the sea, 200 ft., Macbride 5956,

400-500 m., Ferreyra 9588. Pr. Chancay: lomas de Lachay, cerca

a Chancay, Ferreyra 3880, 300-350 m., Ferreyra 8749, 500 m., Velarde

2245, 300-400 m., Cerrate 857; Huara, Hda. Desagrario, lecho de

un rio seco, Goytigola. Pr. Huarochiri: Matucana, 2400 m., Weber-

bauer 5255, steep shale rock slope, 8000 ft., Macbride & Feather stone

107. Pr. Cajatambo: Ambar, Stork 11453.

Lomas of Peru. Differs from variety paniculata in its smaller,

acute, rather than acuminate leaves, fewer and shorter peduncles

and smaller fruit.

TORILIS Adans.

Erect or decumbent, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, hispid

or pubescent annuals; from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate,

membranaceous, 1-2-pinnate or pinnately decompound, the leaflets

narrow. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of capitate or loose com-

pound umbels, the umbels lateral or terminal and lateral, sessile

or pedunculate. Involucre of a few small bracts, or wanting. Rays

FLORA OF PERU 97

6-12, spreading-ascending, or obsolete. Involucel of several linear

or filiform bractlets. Pedicels spreading, short or obsolete. Flowers

white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx teeth

evident to obsolete; styles short, the stylopodium thick, conic. Car-

pophore bifid at apex or cleft ^/i-^A its length. Fruit ovoid or

oblong, flattened laterally, tuberculate or prickly; primary ribs fili-

form, setulose, the lateral ribs displaced onto the commissural sur-

face, the secondary hidden by the numerous glochidiate prickles

or tubercles which occupy the entire interval; vittae solitary under

the secondary ribs, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally

in transection, the face concave to shallowly sujcate; strengthening

cells present in the primary ribs, absent from the secondary.

A genus of about 20 species, native of the northern hemisphere.

Several species widely scattered throughout the world as weeds.

Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 82. 1788. Tordylium no-

dosum L. Sp. PL 240. 1753. Caucalis nodosa Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2.

1. 192. 1772. Caucalis nodiflora Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 424. 1778. Aw-

thriscus nodiflora K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II, 29: 151. 1916.

Plants 0.9-6 dm. high, hispid throughout; leaves oblong, pinnately

decompound, the leaflets filiform, 2-8 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad,

acute, entire or pinnately lobed; peduncles much shorter than leaves,

2.5 cm. long to obsolete; involucre absent or of an inconspicuous,

linear bract; rays few, short to obsolete; involucel of linear, acute

bractlets longer than pedicels; pedicels very short; fruit ovoid, 3-5

mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, the outer carpels bristly, the inner merely

warty, or sometimes only the outer part of the carpel bristly.

Illustrations: Cabrera, Man. Fl. Buenos Aires 347, /. 128, A-D.

1953.

Lima: Pr. Lima: vicinity of Lima, Amancaes, loma vegetation,

Asplund 13740. Pr. Caiiete: Mala, 200 m., Velarde 106. Pr. Chan-

cay: lomas Cerro de Agua, 200-600 m., Vargas J^.712.

Mediterranean region, adventive in the warmer areas of the

western hemisphere.

HECKMAN

BINDERY INC.

OCT96

N MANCHESTER,

INDIANA 46962

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA