FLORA

OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

VOLUME 13

EDITED BY

L. E. CODD, B. DE WINTER, D. J. B. KILLICK

AND

H. B. RYCROFT

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FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

YOL. 13

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FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

which deals with the territories of

THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, LESOTHO,

SWAZILAND AND SOUTH WEST AFRICA

VOLUME 13

Edited by

L. E. CODD, B. DE WINTER and D. J. B. KILLICK

Botanical Research Institute,

Department of Agricultural Technical Services

and

H. B. RYCROFT

National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch

1970

THE TERRITORIES DEALT WITH IN THIS FLORA

IV

CONTENTS

Page

New names published in this volume vi

Introduction vii

Plan of Flora viii

Cruciferae by W. Marais 1

Capparaceae by Various Authors 118

Resedaceae by O. A. Leistner 177

Moringaceae by O. A. Leistner 184

Droseraceae by A. A. Obermeyer 187

Roridulaceae by A. A. Obermeyer 201

Podostemaceae by A. A. Obermeyer 205

Hydrostachyaceae by A. A. Obermeyer 211

Index 214

v

NEW NAMES PUBLISHED IN THIS VOLUME

Heliophila africana (L.) Marais, p.55.

Heliophila cinerea Marais, p.57.

Rorippa fluviatilis (E. Mey. ex Sond.) Thell. var. caledonica ( Sond .) Marais, p.106.

Sisymbrium bur chellii DC. var. dinteri (O.E. Schulz ) Marais, p.l 12.

Cleome foliosa Hook.f. var. lutea (Sond.) Codd & Kers, p.L'5.

Cleome foliosa Hook.f. var. namibensis (Kers) Codd, p. 1 35.

vi

INTRODUCTION

Volume 13 is the third part of the Flora of Southern Africa to be published, the two which

have already appeared being Vol. 1 (1966) and Vol. 26 (1963).

For a key to the families, the Flora should be used in conjunction with Phillips’s Genera

of South African Flowering Plants, which is arranged on the lines of the Engler system. The

genera are numbered according to the list published by De Dalla Torre and Harms in order

to facilitate reference, though genera in the Flora are not necessarily arranged in this sequence.

In the Cruciferae, the sequence adopted closely follows that of O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenfam.

ed.2, 17b: 227-658 (1936).

As in previous volumes, generally accepted abbreviations are used for literature references,

except in the following cases which appear frequently and are, therefore, considerably con-

densed:—

C.F.A Conspectus Florae Angolensis

F.C Flora Capensis

F.C.B Flore du Congo et du Rwanda-Burundi

F.S.W.A Prodromus einer Flora von Sudwestafrika

F.T.A Flora of Tropical Africa

F.T.E.A Flora of Tropical East Africa

F.Z Flora Zambesiaca

Phill., Gen The Genera of South African Flowering Plants by

E. P. Phillips, ed. 2 (1951)

Burtt Davy, FI. Transv Manual of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the

Transvaal and Swaziland, Vol. 1 (1926) and Vol. 2

(1932).

As before, the abbreviation “l.c.” is used for previously cited references, even though

“op. cit.” or “tom. cit.” would in certain cases be more correct.

Magisterial districts are cited alphabetically in each Province. An exception will be found

in the use of the term Peninsula to include the Districts of Cape Town, Wynberg and Simons-

town. The spelling of the names of some localities has been brought into line with the findings

of the Committee on Standardisation of Place Names.

In the text, species which show evidence of becoming naturalized are treated in the same

way as indigenous species. In the Index, synonyms are in italics while exotic species which are

not naturalized are signified by an asterisk*.

Vll

PLAN OF CONTENTS OF VOLUMES

VOL. 1

Stangeriaceae

Zamiaceae

Podocarpaceae

Pinaceae

Citpressaceae

Welwitschiciceae

Typhaceae

Zosteraceae

Potamogetonaceae

Ruppiaceae

Zanichelliaceae

Najadaceae

A ponogetonaceae

Juncaginaceae

Alismataceae

Hydrocharitaceae

Vol. 2

Gramineae

Vol. 3

Cyperaceae

Palmae

Araceae

Lemnaceae

Flagellariaceae

Vol. 4

Restionaceae

Mayacaceae

Xyridaceae

Eriocaulaceac

Commelinaceae

Pontederiaceae

Juncaceae

Vol. 5

Liliaceae

Vol. 6

Flaemodoraceae

Amaryllidaceae

Velloziaceae

Dioscoreaceae

Vol. 7

Iridaceae

Vol. 8

Musaceae

Zingiberaceae

Burmanniaceae

Orchidaceae

Vol. 9

Piperaceae

Salicaceae

Mvricaceae

Ulmaceae

Moraceae

Urticaceae

Proteaceae

Vol. 10

I.oranthaceae

Santalaceae

Grubbiaceae

Olacaceae

Balanophoraceae

Aristolochiaceae

Rafflesiaceae

Hydnoraceae

Polygonaceae

Chenopodiaceae

Amaranthaceae

Nyctaginaceae

Vol. 11

Phytolaccaceae

Aizoaceae

Vol. 12

Portulacaceae

Basellaceae

Caryophyllaceae

Nymphaeaceae

Ceratophyllaceac

Ranunculaceae

Menispermaceae

Annonaceae

Monimiaceae

Lauraceae

Hernandiaceae

Papaveraceae

Fumariaceae

Vol. 13

Cruciferae

Capparaceae

Resedaceae

Moringaceae

Droseraceae

Podostemaceae

Hydrostachyaceae

Vol. 14

Crassulaceae

Vol. 15

Saxifragaceae

Pittosporaceae

Cunoniaceae

Myrothamnaceae

Bruniaceae

Hamamelidaceae

Rosaceae

Connaraceae

Vol. 16

Leguminosac

Vol. 17

Geraniaceae

Oxalidaceae

viii

PLAN OF CONTENTS OF VOLUMES

Vol. 18

Linaceae

Erythroxylaceae

Zygophyllaceae

Rutaceae

Simarubaceae

Burseraceae

Meliaceae

Malpighiaceae

Vol. 19

Polygalaceae

Dichapetalaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Callitrichaceae

Buxaceae

Anacardiaceae

Aquifoliaceae

Vol. 20

Celastraceae

Hippocrateaceae

Icacinaceae

Sapindaceae

Melianthaceae

Balsaminaceae

Rhamnaceae

Heteropyxidaceac

Vitaceae

Vol. 21

Tiliaceae

Malvaceae

Bombacaceae

Sterculiaceae

Vol. 22

Ochnaceae

Guttiferae

Elatinaceae

Frankeniaceae

Tamaricaceae

Canellaceae

Violaceae

Flacourtiaceae

Tumeraceae

Passifloraceae

Achariaceae

Loasaceae

Begoniaceae

Cactaceae

Vol. 23

Geissolomaceae

Penaeaceae

Oliniaceae

Thymelaeaceae

Lythraceae

Lecythidaceae

Vol. 24

Rhizophoraceae

Combretaceae

Myrtaceae

Melastomataceae

Onagraceae

Hydrocaryaceae

Halorrhagidaceae

Araliaceae

Umbelliferae

Comaceae

IX

CRUCIFERAE

By W. Marais

Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, suffrutices or shrubs, glabrous or hairy. Hairs simple

medifixed, branched, stellate or glandular. Leaves mostly alternate, often crowded in a rosette

in short-lived herbs, simple, trifoliolate or pinnate, entire or variously lobed or cut, often

auriculate, exstipulate or with very minute stipules. Inflorescence usually a terminal raceme,

sometimes ± corymbose, occasionally a corymbose panicle, rarely intercalary or leaf-opposed,

or the flowers axillary. Flowers bisexual, usually regular. Sepals 4, free, in 2 pairs, equal or

unequal, the inner (lateral) pair often saccate or spurred at the base. Petals 4 (-0), entire,

bilobed or fimbriate, usually clawed, sometimes with an appendage at the base. Stamens 6,

the lateral ones shorter than the 4 median ones which are inserted in pairs, rarely only 2 or 4 or

many; filaments with or without wings or appendages; anthers 2-thecous, opening by longitu-

dinal slits. Nectaries at the base of the filaments variable in number and form. Ovary superior,

sessile or stipitate, 2-celled or sometimes the septum absent and then 1 -celled; placentation

parietal; style simple, short or long; stigma capitate or bilobed. Ovules generally pendulous,

1-many per locule. Fruit a silicula (short) or siliqua (long), frequently also with a seed-bearing

beak, usually dehiscing by 2 valves, rarely indehiscent or transversely articulate. Seeds discoid

to globose, often winged, the seed-coat often mucilaginous; embryo folded double so that the

radicle lies against the sides or backs of the cotyledons; cotyledons linear to circular, variously

folded or rolled.

A cosmopolitan family of about 370 genera and over 3,000 species, many of which are of economic import-

ance, found mostly in northern temperate regions, especially the Mediterranean and Middle East. Several

species have been developed as useful vegetables, e.g. in the genera Brcissica (p. 5), Raphanus (p. 14) and

Sinapis (p. 10), or as garden flowers, e.g. Matthiola bicornis DC. (the Evening Stock), Cheiranthus cheiri L.

(Wallflower) and Iberis spp. (Candytuft), while a number are weeds of cultivation. Introduced species which

show evidence of becoming naturalized are included in the keys to genera and species; the present treatment

thus deals with 33 genera and 144 species, of which 15 genera and 110 species are considered to be indigenous

in Southern Africa. In dealing with the genera, the sequence adopted closely follows that of O. E. Schulz in

Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 17 b : 227-658 (1936).

Weeds tend to be poorly represented in herbaria with the result that their actual frequency cannot always

be estimated. The following two genera may be noted as occurring in Southern Africa but do not appear to be

naturalized as yet.

Camelina Crantz is a genus of about 10 species, which are natives of central Asia, the eastern Mediterranean

region and central Europe. It looks like Alyssum and Lobularia, especially when in fruit, but is characterized

by the stem leaves being sessile, simple, sagittate-amplexicaul with simple or branched hairs; sepals erect,

not saccate at the base; petals yellowish, clawed; fruits obovoid or obovoid-pyriform with valves convex

or inflated; and the cotyledons incumbent. C. sativa (L.) Crantz is widespread as a ruderal throughout Europe

and is naturalized in North America. Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1:127 (1926), records it from Vereeniging

District ( Burtt Davy sub. T.D.A. 17186), but this is the only specimen that has been seen from Southern Africa.

There is a possibility that C. rumelica Velen., a native of southern and eastern Europe and Asia Minor and

widespread as a weed in Europe, may also be present.

In the Albany Museum Herbarium is a specimen without locality, Malty s.n., collected in November 1909,

of Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort., a native of central and eastern Europe, which frequently becomes natu-

ralized or occurs as a casual elsewhere in Europe and North America. The glabrous, glaucous plants have

obovate, petiolate, basal leaves and obovate to elliptical, sessile, cordate-amplexicual cauline leaves. All the

leaves have transparent, cartilaginous margins. The fruits are 7-12 cm long, 4-angled, the valves being strongly

1 -nerved.

2

Cruciferae

Lowermost pair of “leaves” opposite, sessile, amplexicaul, broader than long, upper

leaves alternate or subopposite, petiolate, cordate at the base; cotyledons very broad,

folded longitudinally and their margins deeply folded in again 1. Chamira

Lower leaves alternate or opposite but neither sessile, amplexicaul and broader than

long, nor, if opposite, with petiolate, cordate upper leaves; cotyledons narrower, if

longitudinally folded, not with the margins deeply rolled in:

Fruit transversely articulate with 2 or more segments which separate at maturity;

the lower segment indehiscent or the whole fruit breaking into 1-seeded portions:

Upper segment of fruit globose or ovoid, sometimes beaked:

Upper segment not beaked, style absent 9. Crambe

Upper segment beaked with a persistent style 10. Rapistrum

Upper segment cylindrical, oblong-ovoid or ± conical, sometimes constricted between

the seeds 8. Raphanus

Fruit not transversely articulate; siliquae or siliculae opening by valves or breaking

into 1-seeded portions, or hard and indehiscent :

a Fruits at least 4 times as long as broad (including the length of the style or break) :

b Hairs simple or absent :

Cotyledons accumbent; valves of the fruit frequently with a very indistinct midrib,

appearing almost veinless, or if distinct then stems angled and fruits

subterete-quadrangular; style short or long, never beak-like and seed-

bearing:

Valves of the fruit with a distinct midrib; fruits subterete-quadrangular;

stems angled 27. Barbarea

Valves of the fruit with an indistinct midrib which disappears before reaching

the tip of the valve; fruits flattened or subterete but not angled; stems

round :

Seeds in 2 rows, rarely irregularly in 1 row; flowers white or yellow;

fruits subterete, valves with an inconspicuous midrib 29. Rorippa

Seeds in 1 row; flowers white, mauve, lilac or purple; fruits flat, valves

apparently nerveless; leaves trifoliolate or pinnate with petiolulate

leaflets or leaves pinnately lobed 25. Cardamine

Cotyledons incumbent or folded longitudinally round the incumbent radicle, or

twice transversely folded; valves of the fruit strongly 1-3- or more nerved;

style frequently beak-like, bearing 0-9 seeds:

Cotyledons incumbent or folded longitudinally round the incumbent radicle;

style often beak-like and seed-bearing, flat or conical and thick; leaves

frequently pinnatipartite; flowers white, yellow, lilac, mauve or purple:

Seeds in 2 rows:

Valves of the fruit 3-nerved, strigose with short, thick-based, upward

pointing hairs; flowers small, yellow, the sepals hairy. .31. Sisymbrium

Valves of the fruit 1 -nerved, if hairy then with a lanceolate or ensiform

beak at least half as long as the valves; flowers large, yellow or

lilac with dark veins, or if small and yellow, then sepals glabrous:

Beak large, flat, ensiform or lanceolate, never seed-bearing; valves

hispid; flowers large, yellow or lilac with dark veins.... 7. Eruca

Style not beak-like, 1 . 5-2 . 5 mm long, narrowly cylindrical or ±

obconical, sometimes seed-bearing; flowers small, yellow,

sometimes tinged with violet when fading 6. Diplotaxis

Cruciferaf:

3

Seeds in 1 row:

Cotyledons incumbent or longitudinally folded round the incumbent

radicle; style never beak-like and seed-bearing 31. Sisymbrium

Cotyledons always longitudinally folded round the incumbent radicle;

style beak-like, often seed-bearing:

Valves of the fruits 1 -nerved:

Fruits ± compressed or subterete; racemes ebracteate. . . .2. Brassica

Fruits ± quadrangular; racemes often bracteate, at least in the

lower part 3. Erucastum

Valves of the fruits 3- or more nerved:

Fruits appressed, 0.7-1. 5 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter; valves

3-nerved, the nerves obscure in ripe fruits; seeds oblong to

ovoid 5. Hirschfeldia

Fruits spreading, 2-4 cm long. 2-5-4 mm in diameter; valves

3-5-nerved; seeds globose 4. Sinapis

Cotyledons twice transversely folded; fruiting style sometimes conspicuously

swollen and enlarged, but never seed-bearing; leaves simple or pinnati-

partite; flowers blue, white, pink, mauve or purple 11. Heliophila

bb Hairs branched or a mixture of simple and branched hairs:

Cotyledons accumbent :

Sepals erect; stigma deeply 2-lobed, the lobes erect, each frequently with a

dorsal swelling or horn; plants glandular 30. Matthiola

Sepals spreading; stigma capitate or shallowly 2-lobed, the lobes without

swellings or horns:

Ovules 12-36; fruits spreading; flowers white to purple 26. Aplanodes

Ovules numerous, 130-200; fruits erect-appressed ; flowers white or

yellowish 28. Turritis

Cotyledons incumbent:

Leaves simple, entire or dentate, in a basal rosette; slender, small, annual or

biennial herbs 32. Arabidopsis

Leaves pinnatisect or pinnately angular-dentate or 2-3-pinnatisect; stems

leafy; stout annual or perennial herbs:

Leaves 2-3-pinnatisect; annual herbs; valves 1-nerved; stigma capitate

33. Descurainia

Leaves once pinnatisect or pinnately angular-dentate; perennial herbs;

valves 3-nerved; stigma 2-lobed 31. Sisymbrium

aa Fruits less than 4 times as long as broad :

c Fruits angustiseptate (compressed laterally):

Ovules 1-4; cotyledons narrow, linear:

Fruits indehiscent:

Fruit broadly ovate to obcordate; valves smooth; stem leaves sagittate,

amplexicaul; inflorescence a corymbose panicle 19. Cardaria

Fruit reniform to reniform-obcordate; valves strongly tuberculate and

ridged; leaves pinnatipartite; inflorescence a much-contracted, sub-

capitate raceme elongating in fruit 18. Coronopus

4

Cruciferae

Fruits breaking into two i -seeded portions or the valves falling away from

the seeds:

Valves falling away enclosing the seed; valves warted, pitted, papillose or

rugose:

Pilose or minutely puberulous herbs; basal leaves pinnatipartite; upper

stem leaves pinnatipartite or entire; flowers small, the petals 0-5-1

mm long; fruits with an apical sinus between the 2 halves. . 18. Coronopus

Glabrous, perennial subshrubs, virgate, erect or procumbent; all leaves

entire; flowers large, the petals 0-8-2 cm long; fruits without an

apical sinus between the 2 halves 16. Brachycarpaea

Valves falling away empty and the seeds falling free; valves smooth 17. Lepidium

Ovules 6-24; cotyledons broad, elliptic to circular:

Fruits obovate-circular, 1-1-5 cm long, broadly winged all round, but wings

broadest apically; cotyledons accumbent 20. Thlaspi

Fruits obcordate-triangular or ellipsoid or obovoid, less than 1 cm long,

not winged; cotyledons incumbent:

Stem leaves sagittate-amplexicaul ; plant with branched hairs; fruits 6-9 mm

long, 4-8 mm broad, obcordate-triangular, emarginate, the lateral

margins almost straight 21. Capsella

Stem leaves cuneate; plant glabrous or sparsely puberulous with simple

hairs; fruits 2— 3(— 5) mm long, ellipsoid to obovoid 22. Hymenolobus

cc Fruits latiseptate, not compressed or dorsally compressed :

Plants with stellate, branched or medifixed hairs, sometimes mixed with simple

hairs:

Plants with stellate hairs; flowers yellow; petals linear-oblong, broadly clawed,

densely pubescent on the back; each filament with a wing-like appendage

23. Alyssum

Plants with medifixed hairs; flowers white or pinkish; petals with a circular

blade, clawed, glabrous; filaments without appendages 24. Lobularia

Plants with simple hairs or completely glabrous:

Valves woody with a raised keel and ridges :

Sepals 3-nerved; fruits with a long stout beak, dehiscent 14. Cycloptychis

Sepals only weakly three-nerved (sometimes apparently 1-nerved); fruits

without or with a very short persistent style but never beaked,

indehiscent 15. Silicularia

Valves membranous, sometimes with raised veins, but not keeled or ridged:

Valves 1- or more nerved and finely reticulately veined:

Fruits pendulous, compressed, discoid, indehiscent:

Annual herbs; each of the 2 short filaments with a small appendage

13. Thlaspeocarpa

Perennial woody shrublets; all filaments without appendages

12. Schlechteria

Fruits erect or spreading, dehiscent:

Sepals 3-nerved; anthers minutely apiculate 14. Cycloptychis

Sepals 1-nerved (3-nerved in H. scandens), anthers not apiculate

...11. Heliophila

Valves with an indistinct midrib, appearing veinless 29. Rorippa

Cruciferap.

5

2880 1. CHAMIRA

Chamira Thunb., Nov. Gen. PI. 2: 48 (1782); Sond. in F.C. 1: 32 (1860); O.E. Schulz in Pflan-

zenfam. ed. 2, 17b: 319 (1936); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 408 (1950); Phill., Gen. ed. 2: 348

(1951).

Glabrous, fleshy annual herbs. Cotyledons persistent, leaf-like, green, sessile. Leaves petio-

late, cordate at the base. Racemes ebracteate. Lateral sepals spurred. Petals narrowly obovate,

long-clawed, white. Stamens 6; filaments without appendages. Lateral nectaries large, ± ton-

gue-shaped. Ovary shortly stipitate, 2-celled with 2-4 ovules in each cell. Siliquae broadly

lanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly stipitate; valves membranous, weakly veined. Seeds

rkovoid, but flattened at the hilum end, papillate; cotyledons very broad, folded longitudinally

with the margins deeply folded in again.

A monotypic, endemic genus, confined to the south-western Cape from Caledon to Calvinia.

Chamira circaeoides (L.f.)A.Zahlbr. in

Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien 18: 384 (1903); Druce

in Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Br. Is. 1916: 614

(1917), nom. superfl.; Adamson, I.c. (1950).

Type: Cape, Sparrman (LINN).

Heliophila circaeoides L.f., Suppl. 298 (1781).

Chamira cornuta Thunb., Nov. Gen. PI. 2 : 48

(1782); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 32 (1860). Type Malmes-

bury, Witklip, Thunberg Herb. 15201 (UPS).

Soft, fleshy, brittle-stemmed, glabrous,

annual herbs. Stems up to 60 cm long, more or

less decumbent, branched in the upper part.

Cotyledons persistent, green, sessile, opposite,

depressed-obovate, up to 15 cm broad and 7

cm deep. Leaves 4—12 cm long, 3-5-10 cm

broad, ovate-cordate or subcircular, membra-

nous, acute, cordate at the base, coarsely

repand-dentate or subentire, petiolate, alter-

nate or subopposite; stipules 2, minute,

filiform. Raceme few-flowered. Sepals 4-5-

5-5 mm long, 1-1-5 mm broad, narrowly

oblong, membranous, very slightly cucullate;

the inner two with a basal spur 1-2 mm long

enclosing the large, ± tongue-shaped necta-

ries. Petals 9-10 mm long, 1-8-2 -5 mm

broad, narrowly obovate, rounded, clawed.

Filaments 1-6-1 -8 mm and 2-5-3 mm long,

the 4 long ones ± widened at the base.

Anthers 1-1-5 mm long. Ovary elliptic or

obovate-elliptic; style short, stout. Siliquae

2-3 cm long, 5-5-5 mm broad, broadly

lanceoloate or oblanceolate, ± compressed;

valves membranous, weakly veined, style 3-4

mm long, stout, cylindrical or ± tapering.

Seeds 4-6 X 3-4 mm, ovoid but flattened at

the broad (hilum) end, slightly ridged on one

side; seed-coat of large cells mucilaginous,

brown variously streaked with white or

almost black; the flattened end paler or

white, forming a ± circular-reniform stro-

phiolar area round the hilum. Fig. 1 : 8.

Cape. — Caledon: Bot River, Hutchinson 492.

Calvinia : Lokenburg, Acocks 16886; Story 4307.

Ceres : Michell’s Pass, Esterhuysen 20705. Clan-

william : Hoek, Schlechter 8707. Malmesbury :

Witklip, Thunberg Herb. 15201; Saldanha Bay, Drege

s.n.; Marloth 10189; Hutchinson 280. Peninsula :

Swartkop, Murphy s.n.; Smitswinkel Bay, W. Dod

3319; Chapmans Bay, W. Dod 3668.

The flowers are white, produced from August to

October. Phillips describes the cotyledons as trans-

versely 2-folded.

2949 2. BRASSICA

Brassica L., Sp. PI. 666 (1753); Gen. PI. ed. 5: 299 (1754); O.E. Schulz in Pfianzenr. 4, 105, 1 :

21 (1919); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 127 (1926), partly; O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenfam. ed. 2,

17b: 321 (1936); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 409 (1950); Phill., Gen. ed. 2: 350(1951); Exell

in F.Z. 1 : 186 (1960); Tutin et ah, FI. Europ. 1 : 335 (1964).

Annual to perennial herbs, glabrous or with simple hairs, frequently glaucous. Lower

leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or sometimes only dentate or sinuate. Upper leaves usually entire, often

sessile and amplexicaul. Racemes ebracteate, terminal. Sepals erect or spreading, the inner

6

Cruciferae

somewhat saccate. Petals yellow, rarely white, clawed. Stamens 6; filaments without appen-

dages. Nectaries 4 ; a ± kidney-shaped gland at inside of each short filament, and an erect, ±

conical or ± tongue-shaped gland in front of each pair of long filaments. Siliquae narrowly or

broadly linear, terete or ± compressed; valves rounded on the back, 1-nerved; beak usually

prominent, with 1-3 seeds. Seeds in one row, subglobose; cotyledons emarginate, longitudinally

folded round the incumbent radicle.

A genus of 30-40 species centred round the Mediterranean region but with some representatives in eastern

Asia and central and western Europe. Three species are naturalized in Southern Africa. Includes a number

of important vegetables and crop plants, some of which are cultivated in South Africa, for example, B. oleracea

L. (Cabbage, Cauliflower, Brussels Sprouts, Kale, Kohlrabi) and B. rapa L. (Turnip), as well as several wide-

spread weeds, of which 3 are dealt with below. B. nigra (L.) Koch, the Black Mustard, the seeds of which are

the main source of the mustard of commerce, is recorded as a weed of waste places by Burtt Davy, l.c. 128 (1926)

and by Adamson, l.c. 409 (1950), but is scarcely represented in South African herbaria, only one specimen

having been seen. It is similar to B. juncea (L.) Czem. (see below), having narrow, petiolate upper leaves, but

differs in the short fruits (1-2 cm) with keeled valves on short, erect pedicels up to 0 • 5 cm long. The specimens

Wood 676 from Inanda (K) and Pont 686 from Kroonstad (PRE) possibly belong to B. elongata Ehrh.

Upper stem leaves cordate at the base, amplexicaul 1. B. rapa

Upper stem leaves petiolate or cuneate, not amplexicaul :

Beak 1-2 cm long, its tip as wide as the stigma; lower leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, ciliate and densely

hispid beneath 2. B. tournefortii

Beak up to 1 cm long, its tip narrower than the stigma; lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, sparsely his-

pid 3. B. juncea

1. Brassica rapa L., Sp. PI. 666 (1753);

Exell in F.Z. 1: 188 (1960). Type: from

Europe.

B. campestris L., l.c. 666 (1753); Oliv. in F.T.A.

1 : 66 (1868); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105, 1 : 45

(1919); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 127 (1926). Type :

from Europe.

Annual or biennial herbs with slender or

stout, tuberous taproots. Basal leaves lyrate-

pinnatisect, ± 5-jugate, petiolate, shortly

hispid or setose, green; lobes dentate, the

terminal lobe broadly ovate, lobulate. Upper

stem leaves simple, obovate-oblong, ±

cordate at the base, sessile, amplexicaul,

glaucous, repand-dentate to entire, glabrous

or nearly so. Racemes dense in flower, the

open flowers generally overtopping the buds;

lax in fruit. Flowers yellow, the petals 6-10

mm long. Fruiting pedicels spreading. Siliquae

3 -5-6 -5 cm long, 2-4 mm broad, linear;

valves bulged by the seeds, 1-nerved, reti-

culately veined; beak 0-8-2 cm long, atten-

uate. Seeds 18-24, 1-2-1 -7 mm in diameter,

generally dark-coloured with a reticulate

seed-coat.

Many forms have been in cultivation for centuries

and the origin of the species is obscure. The different

cultivars vary in colour and size of the seeds and in

leaf shape and size. One or other of the cultivated

forms is sometimes found as an escape. Common

names : Turnip, Rape.

Cape. — East London : Rattray 675. Kentani : Peg-

ler 1818. Prieska : Bryant 1024. Stellenbosch : Latsky

1881; Parker sub PRE 29604. Uitenhage: Redhouse,

Paterson sub TRV 12279.

O.F.S. — Kroonstad, Pont 644.

Transvaal. — Belfast : Burtt Davy 1387. Lyden-

burg : Burtt Davy 7253. Middelburg : Cockerton sub

PRE 29587. Pretoria : Leendertz 974. Soutpansberg :

Louis Trichardt, Breyer sub TRV 19441, partly.

Standerton : Burtt Davy 1798. Volksrust : Jenkins

sub TRV 10685.

2. Brassica tournefortii Gouan, 111. Obs.

Bot. 44, t.20A (1773); O.E. Schulz in Pflan-

zenr. 4, 105, 1: 67 (1919); Tutin et ah, FI.,

Europ. 1 : 338 (1964). Type: from Europe.

Brassicella cheiranthus sensu Adamson in FI. Cape

Penins. 410 (1950), non (Vill.) Pugsley.

Erect, rather slender annuals up to 60 cm

high; lower part of stem densely hispid or

patently hairy, upper part subglabrous or

glabrous. Basal leaves rosulate, petiolate, up

to 25 cm long, runcinate-pinnatisect, 4-12-

jugate, ciliate and densely hispid beneath;

lower lobes smallest, upwards gradually

bigger, ± oblong, dentate or serrate-dentate ;

terminal lobe broadly ovate to subcircular,

obtuse, lobulate, serrate-dentate. Upper leaves

much smaller, sessile, oblong-lanceolate to

linear, acute, entire or denticulate. Raceme

Cruciform7.

7

erminal, at first dense, in fruit very lax.

Flowers pale yellow, sometimes tinged with

mauve on fading, the petals 5-7 X ± 1 • 5 mm,

spathulate. Fruiting pedicels erect to spreading

or the lower ones ± recurved, 1 • 5-2 cm long.

Siliquae 3-5 cm long (inch beak), 2-2-8 mm

broad, linear-attenuate; valves bulged by the

seeds; beak 1-2 cm long, straight or curved,

stoutly subulate, 0- or 1 -seeded at its base.

Seeds globose, brown, about 1 mm in

diameter.

A native of the maritime Mediterranean region.

Frequently collected in the Gordon’s Bay-Strand area

during 1941-48, and reported to be common or

abundant on sand-dunes and in disturbed places.

First recorded in South Africa in 1897.

Cape. — Alexandria : Bushman’s River Bridge,

Archibald 6071. Calvinia : Doringbos, Marais 1427,

Peninsula : Claremont, Salter 9073; Camp’s Bay,

Adamson sub PRE 29605. Riversdale : Milkwood-

fontein, Galpin 3739. Somerset West : Strand, Parker

3594; 4213; 4340; 4353; Gordon’s Bay, Parker 4128.

3. Brassica juncea ( L.)Czern ., Consp.

PI. Chark. 8 (1859); Oliv. in F.T.A. 1: 65

(1868); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105, 1:

55 (1919); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 128

(1926); Exell in F.Z. 1: 186 (1960). Type:

from Asia.

Sinapis juncea L., Sp. PI. 668 (1753).

Annual herbs up to 1 m high with slender

ascending branches. Stem hispid near the

base, glabrous above. Lower leaves lyrate-

pinnatisect with 1 or 2 pairs of small, broad,

lateral lobes and a large, ovate or obovate,

terminal lobe; lobes irregularly dentate or

lacerate-dentate, sparsely hispid on the lower

surface of the veins. Upper leaves glabrous,

smaller, simple, entire or dentate, shortly

petiolate. Racemes terminal, dense in flower,

lax in fruit. Flowers yellow, the petals 7-9 mm

long, ± 3 mm broad, obovate, shortly clawed.

Fruiting pedicels slender, 0- 8-1 -2 cm, erect to

spreading. Siliquae 2-5-5 cm long, 2-3 mm in

diameter, linear, tapering; valves convex,

irregularly bulged by the ripe seeds, 1- or

sub-3-nerved, the lateral nerves ± anastomos-

ing; beak (4-)5-10 mm long, subulate-

conical. Seeds 16-24, in one row, globose,

1-2-1 -5 mm in diameter, brown, the seedcoat

reticulately pitted.

Said to be native of southern and eastern Asia;

widespread as an established weed in the tropics

and subtropics; as a casual weed in many parts of

Europe. Several of the various cultivated forms

also occur as casual weeds. Common name : Chinese

Mustard.

Cape. — Albany : Bowker s.n. Peninsula : Rose-

bank, Horn sub PRE 28993.

Natal. — Locality unknown : Stohr s.n. Eshowe :

Gerstner 3287. Nongoma : Gerstner 4655.

Transvaal. — Soutpansberg : Louis Trichardt>

Breyer sub TRV 22248; Breyer sub TRV 19441,

partly.

2947 3. ERUCASTRUM

Erucastrum (DC.) Presl, FI. Sic. 1: 92 (1826); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105, 1: 88 (1919);

Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 17b : 331 (1936); Phill., Gen. ed. 2: 350 (1951); Exell in F.Z. 1 : 189

(1960); Tutin et al., FI. Europ. 1 : 340 (1964).

Brassica L. sect. Erucastrum DC., Syst. 2 : 582 (1821). Brassica sensu Sond. in F.C. 1 : 31 (1860), partly;

sensu Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 127 (1926), partly.

Annual, biennial or perennial herbs with simple hairs. Basal leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, upper

leaves usually sessile. Racemes often bracteate. Sepals erect or spreading, the inner two ±

saccate. Petals yellow, clawed. Stamens 6; filaments without appendages. Nectaries semilunar

or lobed, the median ones ± tongue-shaped. Siliquae subterete, ± quadrangular, ± torulose;

valves keeled, 1 -nerved, reticulately veined; beak conical, 0-3-seeded. Seeds ovoid or oblong,

in 1 row; cotyledons folded longitudinally round the incumbent radicle.

47631-2

Cruciferae

A genus of about 15 species; natives of central and southern Europe, northern Africa, southern Arabia,

east and southern Africa. Three species recorded in the Flora area.

Petals 6-5-9 mm long; siliquae 1 -5-2-2 mm in diameter; valves glabrous; beak 3-10-5 mm long; fruiting

pedicels 1-2 (-4) cm long 1 . E. strigosum

Petals 4-7 mm long; siliquae 1 -3-1 -6 mm in diameter; valves scabrous or glabrous; beak 0-5-3 mm long;

fruiting pedicels 0- 3-1-1 cm long:

Valves always scabrous with short upward-pointing hairs, not or only very slightly emarginate at the

apex; beak 0-5-2 mm long; seeds 0-8-1 -1 x 0-7-0-8 mm 2. E. griquense

Valves almost always glabrous (in our area), clearly emarginate at the apex; beak 1-3 mm long; seeds

1-1-5 x 0 • 8-1 • 1 mm 3. E. arabicum

1. Erucastuin strigosum ( Thunb .) O. E.

Schulz in Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 119; 56

(1916). Syntypes: Thunberg Herb. Nos.

15067-15070 (UPS!).

Sisymbrium strigosum Thunb., Prodr. 109 (1800).

S. erosum E. Mey. in Drege, Zwei PA. Doc. 222

(1843), nom. nud.

Siuapis leptopetaia DC., Syst. 2 : 610 (1821).

Syntypes : as for Sisymbrium strigosum Thunb. S.

retrorsa Burch, ex DC., l.c. 609 (1821); Sond. in

F.C. 1 : 32(1860). Type : Burche/1 4215 (K).

Brcissica strigosa (Thunb. )DC., l.c. (1821); Sond.,

I.c. 31 (1860); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 127(1926).

— var. glabrata Sond., l.c. 31 (1860). Type : as for

B. erosa Turcz. B. erosa Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp.

Mosc. 27, 2, no. 4 : 311 (1855). Type : Drege ( Sisym-

brium erosum E. Mey.). B. leptopetaia (DC.)Sond.

l.c. 31 (1860). B. retrorsa (Burch, ex DC.)Thell. in

Vjschr. Naturf. Ges. Ziir. 56 : 358 (1912).

Erucastrum leptopetalum (DC.) Engl, in Abhandl.

Kgl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 67 (1894); Pflanzenw.

Ost-Afr. C : 183 (1894), nom. nud., as to basionym.

Erect herbs up to 1 m or more high.

Stems simple or freely branched in the upper

part, densely appressed-strigose with coarse

retrorse hairs in the lower part, sparsely

higher up. Basal leaves petiolate, lyrate-

pinnatifid, 4-6-jugate with small deltoid-

oblong or larger oblong-ovate lateral lobes;

terminal lobe large, mostly ± ovate; petioles

retrorsely hispid, the blade thinly hispid.

Stem leaves with gradually shorter petioles,

the upper ones sessile, sometimes auriculate-

amplexicaul; lobes also reducing in number

and size up the stem, the upper leaves oblong-

lanceolate, serrate-dentate or repand dentate-

lobate, sometimes crispate, thinly hispid or

subglabrous. Racemes terminal, dense in

flower, lax in fruit, naked or the lower pedicels

subtended by leafy bracts. Sepals 3-5-5 mm

long, narrowly oblong, hairy or glabrous.

Petals 6-5-9 mm long, narrowly oblanceolate

to narrowly obovate, long-clawed. Anthers

about level with the stigma, 1-5-1 -8 mm

long. Ovary glabrous, linear with a stout

style. Siliquae on 1-2 (-4) cm long, erect or

wide-spreading pedicels, including the beak

2 -5-4 -8 cm long, 1-5-2 -2 mm in diameter,

linear, erect or ascending; valves glabrous,

rounded on the back, the midrib conspicuous,

when fully ripe reticulately veined and bulgep

by the seeds, the apex emarginate; beak 3-

10-5 mm long, stout, conical-subulate, ribbed,

0-2-seeded; stigma small, shallowly 2-lobed.

Seeds ± 1-2 X 1 mm., oblong-orbicular,

red-brown, the seed-coat minutely reticulate.

The coastal plants are mostly less hairy with

broader, more deeply cut leaves, the sepals frequently

glabrous and the petals yellow, narrowly obovate;

spring to early summer-flowering. The inland plants

are generally densely hairy, the flowers white or

cream, sometimes tinged with mauve when fading,

and with narrowly oblanceolate petals; late summer

to autumn-flowering. The differences are, however,

neither clear-cut nor constant. Fig. 14:4.

Cape. — Albany : Grahamstown, Ward s.n. Alexan-

dria : Drege 7547b; Burcltell 4215. Barkly West :

Acocks 1821; Coetsee 62. Colesberg : Shaw s.n.

Graaff-Reinet : Bolus 204. Kuruman : Marloth 1054.

Middelburg : Grootfontein, Theron 110. MosselBay :

Burchell 6383; 6490. Port Elizabeth : Humewood,

Long 1054. Queenstown : Drege (Sisymbrium erosum

E. Mey.). Richmond : Renosterfontein, Acocks 15831.

Riversdale : Stilbaai, Jordaan 864; 865; Albertinia,

Muir 1808. Somerset East : Bowker s.n.; Atherstone

74. Uitenhage : Zeyher 474; 1896; Drege 3087.

Victoria West : Drege ( Brassica strigosa DC. a).

O.F.S. — Fauresmith : Henrici 2730. Harrismith :

Witsieshoek, Thode 5678. Philippolis : Acocks 13512;

Sidey 402. Winburg : Game Reserve, Leistner 2996.

Lesotho. — Elands River Valley, Flanagan 2084.

Natal. — Bergville : Drakensberg National Park,

West 1280.

Transvaal. — Potchefstroom : Mooi River, Burke

s.n. Pretoria : Hennops River, Moss 16247; Croco-

dile River, Leendertz 717.

2. Erucastrum griquense ( N.E . Br .) O.E.

Schulz in Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 119: 56 (1916);

Pflanzenr. 4,105,1: 99 (1919). Syntypes:

Griqualand West, Burchell 1771; O.F.S. ,

Holub s.n. (3 specimens); Olifantsfontein,

Rehmann 3483 (all in K!).

Cruciferae

9

Brassica griquensis N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1894 : 353

(1894); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 128 (1926).

Diplotaxis griquensis (N.E. Br.) Sprague in Kew

Bull. 1914 : 17 (1914).

Sisymbrium turezaninowii sensu Szyszyl., Polypet.

Rehm. 106 (1887).

Erect herbs 12-35 cm high, branched.

Stem and branches hispid with very coarse

spreading hairs and finer, ± retrorse hairs,

sparser above, the rhachis mostly with only

the fine hairs. Basal and lower stem leaves

shortly petiolate, 2 -5-7 -5 cm long, lyrate-

pinnatifid, 1-2-jugate, the upper pair of lobes

d= confluent with the terminal lobe; lateral

lobes small, ± deltoid to deltoid-ovate;

terminal lobe large, ovate-oblong to obovate-

oblong, serrate-dentate; leaves becoming

smaller and narrower higher up, and with

only 1 pair of lobes. Upper stem leaves sessile

or subsessile, ± oblong to ovate-lanceolate,

subamplexicaul-lobate at the base, the margin

dentate or serrate; all leaves hispid on both

sides, dense below, the lower surface of the

midrib with coarser hairs. Racemes terminal,

sub-lax in fruit, generally ebracteate. Sepals

3-4 mm long, thinly hairy. Petals 5-5-7 mm

long, narrowly oblanceolate or ± spathulate

with a long narrow claw. Filaments 3-3 • 7 and

3 -5-4- 3 mm long. Anthers ± 1 mm long.

Ovary linear, at first glabrous or only minutely

puberulous but soon scabro-puberulous.

Siliquae on wide-spreading or ascending, 0-3-

1 • 1 cm long pedicels, 2-3-5 cm long, 1-3-

1 • 6 mm broad and i 2 mm deep from midrib

to midrib, linear, erect; valves 1 -nerved,

rounded, subtorulose, scabrous with short

upward-pointing hairs, not or only very

slightly emarginate at the apex; beak 0-5-2

mm long, subconical or only slightly tapering

with a flat-capitate stigma. Seeds not strictly

in one row, 0- 8-1-1 x 0-7-0 -8 mm, sub-

ovoid, somewhat compressed. Fig. 14:1.

The flowers are yellow, the petals and filaments

often tinged with purple on fading. Flowering time is

apparently entirely dependent on rainfall. Grows

almost invariably on limestone or soil over limestone.

Cape. — Barkly West : Leistner 841 ; Holpan,

Leistner 2628; Delportshoop, Acocks 1652. Griqua-

land West : Burchett 1771. Herbert : Schmidtsdrif,

Leistner & Joynt 2676; Riverton Road, Burtt Davy

sub T.D.A. 18975. Kimberley : Rietpan, Wilman

sub TRV 23829. Kuruman : Rogers 5. Vryburg :

Benoudheidsfontein, Marloth 877.

O.F.S. — Boshof : Smitskraal, Burtt Davy sub

T.D.A. no. 10894. Without exact locality : Holub

s.n.; Olifantsfontein, Rehmann 3483.

Transvaal. — Bloemhof : Christiana, Burtt Davy

sub T.D.A. 12471 . Lydenburg : Mogg & Barnard 806.

Potgietersrus : Thode 1653; Moorddrif, Van Dam in

TRV 25664. Without exact locality : Holub s.n.;

Klippan, Rehmann 5211.

S.W.A. — Gobabis : Griinental, Merxmiitler & Giess

1237.

This species can be confused with Sisymbrium

turezeminowii but differs in the 1 -nerved valves and

the ± conical beak of the fruit and in the ovary

generally being glabrous at anthesis. It can also be

recognized by the retrorse hairs on the basal part of

the stem.

3. Erucastrum arabicum Fisch. & Mey.,

Animadv.Bot in Index Quint. Sem. Petrop.

35(1839); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105,1:

96(1919); Exell in F.Z. 1: 189 (1960). Syn-

types: Arabia, Schimper 941 and Fischer 189.

Brassica schimperi Boiss. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.

ser. 2, 17 : 86 (1842), nom. illegit. Types as above.

B. arabica (Fisch. & Mey.) Fiori in Nuovo G. Bot.

Ital. n.s. 19 : 445 (1912).

E. arabicum var. schimperi O.E. Schulz, l.c. 97

(1919), nom. illegit. Types as for E. arabicum

Fisch. & Mey.

Annual herbs up to 65 cm tall, simple or

branched in the upper part. Stems strigose

with reflexed hairs, glabrescent. Lower leaves

petiolate, lyrate-pinnatipartite, 3-4-jugate

with short broad lateral lobes and a ± ovate

terminal lobe, margin ± repand-dentate,

sparsely hispid. Upper leaves at their base

broad or amplexicaul, ovate-elliptic or ovate-

lanceolate with 1 or 2 pairs of small triangular

lobes or irregularly dentate, sparsely hispid.

Racemes lax in fruit, the lower pedicels

usually subtended by bracts. Sepals 3-3 • 5 mm

long, linear-oblong, glabrous or puberulous.

Petals 4-6 mm long, oblanceolate-spathulate

to narrowly obovate, long clawed. Siliquae

1 • 5-4 • 5 cm long, 1 • 3-1 • 5 mm in diameter,

linear-oblong, ascending or spreading, on

pedicels up to 0-7 (-1) cm long; valves 1-

nerved, glabrous or sparsely puberulous,

emarginate at the apex; beak 1-3 mm long,

conical to stout cylindrical-subulate. Seeds

1-1-5 x 0- 8-1-1 mm, compressed, brown,

the seed-coat finely reticulate. Fig. 14:5.

The flowers are whitish or pale yellow, sometimes

faintly tinged with purple, and the flowering time is

from January to March. Usually found under trees

in shade, often on calcareous soils.

S.W.A. — Gobabis : Liebenberg 4534; Nico,

Merxmiitler & Giess 1172. Grootfontein: Venterspos,

Schoenfelder 476. Kaokoveld : Ohopoho, De Winter

10

Cruciferae

&Lei$tner 5167. Karibib : Kinges 3344; Seydel 929.

Okahandja : Quickborn, Bradfield 406. Okavango :

between Lupala and Musese, De Winter & Marais

4974. Otjiwarongo : Okosongominja, Neusser 981.

Outjo : De Winter 3038. Ovamboland : Rautanen 75;

Olukonda, Schinz 343. Rehoboth : Oamiris, Merx-

miiller & Giess 1276. Tsumeb : Klein Namutoni,

Breyer sub TRV 20675.

O.E. Schulz, l.c., divides the species into 3

varieties but erroneously uses the names E. arabicum

var. schimperi for the typical variety, and E. arabicum

var. arabicum for the plants occurring in East Africa

and South West Africa. The latter name is also used

by Exell, l.c. An examination of a wide range of

material leads to the conclusion that these two entities

do not justify separate varietal status.

2945

4. SINAPIS

Sinapis L„ Sp. PI. 668 (1753); Gen. PI. ed. 5: 299 (1754); Sond. in F.C. 1; 32 (1860); O.E.

Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105, 1 : 117 (1919); Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 17b; 335 (1936); Exell in F.Z. 1 :

188 (I960); Tutin et al., FI. Europ. 1 ; 339 (1964).

Annual, rarely perennial, branched herbs with simple hairs. Leaves simple, pinnatifid or

pinnatisect. Inflorescence an ebracteate raceme. Sepals spreading, not saccate. Petals shortly

clawed, yellow. Stamens 6; filaments without appendages. Nectaries at the base of the long

filaments tongue-shaped, the lateral ones reniform. Siliquae linear; valves convex, 3-5-nerved;

beak long, 0-9-seeded, sometimes flattened. Seeds globose, in 1 row; cotyledons folded

longitudinally round the incumbent radicle.

A genus of about 10 species, natives of the Mediterranean region but some species now widespread in

other parts of Europe. Two species are found in South Africa as weeds of cultivation.

Upper leaves not lobed, serrate-dentate; ovules 8-17

long as or shorter than the valves

All leaves pinnately lobed; ovules 4-8; fruits hispid;

1. Sinapis arvensis L., Sp. PI. 668

(1753); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4,105,1 : 1 19

(1919); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 410

(1950); Exell in F.Z. 1: 188 (1960). Type:

from Europe.

Brassica arvensis sensu Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 ;

127 (1926).

Erect, branched, annual herbs up to 1 m

high; lower part of stem densely hispid with

coarse, spreading or retrorse hairs, sparsely

hispid to subglabrous in the upper part.

Leaves up to 20 cm long, usually hispid at

least on the lower surface of the nerves. Lower

leaves petiolate, lyrate-pinnatifid, 4-6-jugate;

terminal lobe obovate, obtuse, ± confluent

with the upper lateral lobes, coarsely dentate;

lateral lobes ± oblong, dentate. Upper leaves

sessile or shortly petiolate, ovate-oblong to

lanceolate, acute, serrate-dentate. Flowers

yellow, the petals c. 1 cm long. Fruiting

pedicels short, stout, erect — spreading.

Siliquae 2-5-4 cm long (including the beak),

2-5-4 mm in diameter, ± terete, valves 3-5

nerved, glabrous or hispid; beak 1-1-5 cm

; fruit usually glabrous; beak conical-subulate as

1.5. arvensis

beak flattened, longer than the valves... .2. 5. alba

long, conical-subulate, frequently 1-seeded.

Seeds mostly 8-12, globose, 1—1 - 4 mm in

diameter, reddish-brown or brown-black.

Originally from the Mediterranean region but

now widespread throughout Europe as a weed of

cultivation. First recorded from South Africa in

1860. Common names: Charlock or Wild Mustard.

Cape. — Port Elizabeth : Crawford sub R.U.H.

6266. Somerset West : Parker 4508. Without exact

locality : Kaffraria, Cooper 180.

O.F.S. — Kroonstad : Van Wyk 20.

Natal. — Weenen : West 1161

Transvaal. — Pretoria : Leendertz 3492; 3723.

Standerton : Beginsel, Burtt Davy 1795.

2. Sinapis albaT., Sp. PI. 668 (1753); O.E.

Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105, 1: 129 (1919);

Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 410 (1950).

Type: from Europe.

Erect, usually branched herbs 30-60 cm

high. Stems densely retrorsely hairy below,

sparsely above, rarely glabrous. Leaves all

petiolate, lyrate-pinnatisect or pinnatifid,

2-3-jugate, the lateral lobes ± oblong to

lanceolate, serrate-dentate or ± repand;

Cruciferae

11

terminal lobe similar, larger, hispid. Flowers

yellow, the petals 7-9 mm long. Fruiting

pedicels eventually horizontally spreading.

Siliquae 2-4 cm long (including the beak),

3-4 mm broad; valves 3-5-nerved, hispid,

bulged by the seeds; beak 1-2-5 cm long,

flattened, ensiform, ribbed, frequently 1-

seeded. Seeds 4-8, globose, 1-7-2 -3 mm in

diameter, yellow or pale brown, seed-coat

minutely punctate.

A native of the Mediterranean region, now wide-

spread in Europe and other continents as an occa-

sional weed of cultivation; also found in South

Africa. Common name : White Mustard.

Cape. — East London : Rattray 674.

2947a 5. HIRSCHFELDIA

Hirschfeldia Moench, Meth. 264 (1794); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4,105,1; 136 (1919); Pflan-

zenfam. ed. 2, 17b: 339 (1936); Tutin et al., FI. Europ. 1 : 342 (1964).

Annual or biennial herbs. Stems leafy, with simple hairs. Leaves usually lyrate-pinnatifid.

Racemes terminal, ebracteate. Sepals erect — spreading, the inner two slightly saccate. Petals

small, obovate, clawed, yellow or white. Stamens 6; filaments without appendages. Nectaries

6, small. Siliquae short, appressed; valves 3-nerved when young, nerves obscured when ripe;

beak thick, 1-2 seeded. Seeds in 1 row, ovoid, brown; cotyledons folded longitudinally round

the incumbent radicle.

Two species, one in Socotra and one in the Mediterranean region, the latter having been found in South

Africa.

Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss., FI.

Tarn & Garr. 19 (1847); O.E. Schulz in

Pflanzenr. 4,105,1: 137 (1919). Type: from

Europe.

Sinapis incana L., Cent. PI. 1 : 19 (1755); Amoen.

Acad. 4 : 280 (1759).

Annual or over-wintering herbs up to 1 m

high with ascending branches; lower part of

stem densely retrorsely hairy. Basal leaves in a

rosette, up to 20 cm long and 5 cm broad,

lyrate-pinnatifid, somewhat runcinate, with

5-6 pairs of short, broad, lateral lobes and a

large, oblong-ovate, obtuse, terminal lobe;

all lobes ± dentate; densely white hairy.

Lower stem leaves similar but smaller. Upper

stem leaves small, sessile, simple, oblong to

lanceolate. Sepals 3-4 mm long, narrow.

Petals 6-8 mm long, spathulate, rounded.

Siliquae 0-7-1 -5 cm long, 1-1-5 mm in

diameter, narrowly cylindrical, appressed-

erect, on 2-4 mm long, erect pedicels almost

as thick as the siliqua; valves 0-6-1 cm

long, rounded, 3-nerved, veins obscure in

ripe fruits; beak about \ as long as the

valves, 1-2-seeded, somewhat swollen. Seeds

3-6 in each locule of the fruit, reddish-

brown, c. 1 x 0-7 mm.

A native of southern Europe, recorded from

South Africa once in 1945. The flowers are pale

yellow, frequently dark-veined.

Cape. — Victoria East : Woburn, edge of lands.

Acocks 11152.

Cruciferae

2946

6. DIPLOTAXIS

Diplotaxis DC., Syst. 2: 628 (1821); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105, 1 : 149(1919); Pflanzen-

fam. ed. 2, 17b: 342 (1936); Phill., Gen. ed. 2: 349 (1951); Tutin et al., FI. Europ. 1: 334

(1964).

Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes woody at the base, with simple hairs. Basal leaves

usually in a rosette, pinnatisect or pinnatifid, petiolate. Stem leaves few, sessile, usually

cuneate. Racemes terminal, many-flowered. Sepals erect — spreading, equal, or the inner pair

slightly saccate. Petals yellow, white or lilac, obovate, clawed. Stamens 6, the filaments without

appendages. Nectaries at the base of the long stamens shortly ligulate. Siliquae linear or

linear-lanceolate, compressed, dehiscent with a short seedless beak; valves 1-nerved, flat;

stigma shallowly 2-lobed. Seeds numerous, in 2 rows, ovoid, the cotyledons longitudinally

folded round the incumbent radicle.

About 20 species of the central European and Mediterranean areas, some extending eastwards into India.

One species occurs as an introduced weed in the Flora area.

Diplotaxis muralis ( L .) DC., Syst. 2: 634

(1821); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105, 1:

172 (1919); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 410

(1950). Type: from Europe.

Sisymbrium murale L., Sp. PI. 658 (1753).

Annual or biennial herbs, rarely

perennial, woody at the base. Stems 10-50 cm

tall, sparsely hispid in the lower part or almost

glabrous ; the hairs ± retrorse. Leaves mostly

basal, in annual plants in a rosette, in older

plants more laxly tufted; oblanceolate or ±

spathulate, petiolate, lyrate-pinnatifid or

dentate, glabrous or sparsely hispid on the

lower surface; stem leaves few or none,

subsessile. Inflorescence few- to many-flower-

ed, subdense at flowering, lax in fruit. Flowers

yellow, sometimes tinged with violet when

fading, small, the petals being 5-8 mm long.

Fruiting pedicels ascending. Siliquae 2-4 cm

long, 1-5-2 -5 mm broad, linear, the margin

straight; valves smooth, 1-nerved, eventually

± bulged by the seeds; style 1-5-2 -5 mm

long, narrowly cylindrical or ± obconical;

stigma capitate, very slightly 2-lobed. Seeds

mostly in 2 rows, ± ovoid, c. 1 x 0-6 mm,

subcompressed, brown, smooth. Fig. 1 :3.

A native of southern and central Europe. Very

variable in habit and leaf-shape.

Transvaal.— Pretoria : Mogg 16775; Lisdogan,

Mogg 12376.

Cape. — Peninsula : Rondebosch, Adamson 1695;

Groote Schuur, Esterliuysen sub PRE 29576; Cape

Town University grounds, Esterliuysen 14147. Somer-

set West : Strand, Parker 4587.

Resembles Rorippa niidiuscula Theil. but differs in

having some hairs in the lower part of the plant, in the

slightly bigger flowers, in the valves of the fruits

having a distinct midrib along their whole length,

and in the seed-coats being smooth.

2944 7. ERUCA

Eruca Mill., Gard. Diet. ed. 4 (1754); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105, 1: 180 (1919); Pflan-

zenfam. ed. 2, 17b: 344 (1936); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 128 (1926); Phill., Gen. ed. 2: 349

( 1 951 ) ;Exell in F.Z. 1 : 186 (1960); Tutin et al., FI. Europ. 1 : 340 (1964).

Annual or perennial herbs with simple hairs. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. Racemes ebracleatc.

Flowers large. Sepals erect, the inner two slightly saccate. Petals obovate, long-clawed, whitish

yellow or lilac with dark veins. Stamens 6; filaments without appendages. Nectaries 6, small.

Siliquae short, oblong or ellipsoid; valves 1-nerved; beak broad, flat, seedless. Seeds spherical

or ovoid, in 2 rows; cotyledons folded longitudinally round the incumbent radicle.

A genus of 5 species, all natives of the Mediterranean region. One species recorded from Southern

CRUCIFERAli

13

Fig. 1. — la, Rorippa Huviatilis var. fluviatilis, fruit, X 2 ( Mogg 16782); lb, fruit, X 2 (A cocks 10822). 2, R.

fluviatilis var. caledonica, fruit, X 2 ( Theron 1100). 3, Diplotaxis muralis, fruit, x 2; 3a, seed, X 10 ( Mogg

12376). 4, Rorippa nudiuscula, fruit, X 2; 4a, seed, x \0(Potts 2616). 5, Coronopus squamatus, fruit, X 10

(Hubbard s.n.). 6, C. integrifolius, fruit, X 10 (Bradfield 317). 7, C. didymus, fruit, X 10 (Acocks 9030).

8, Chamira cireaeoides, seedling, x | ( Marloili 10189).

14

CRUCIFERAIi

Eruca sativa Mill., Gard. Diet. ed. 8: 2

(1768); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 128 (1926);

Exell in F.Z. 1: 186 (1960). Type: from

Europe.

E. vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.

in Hegi. 111. FI. Mitteleur. 4, 1 : 201 (1918).

Stout erect branched annuals up to 60 cm

high. Stems usually hispid with ± retrorse

hairs, sometimes subglabrous. Lower leaves

petiolate, upper leaves sessile, all leaves lyrate-

pinnatifid or pinnatifid, 2-5-jugate, the lobes

narrow, entire or lobulate; terminal lobe

large, oblong to obovate. Racemes terminal,

dense in flower, lax in fruit. Sepals 0*7-1 cm

long, linear-oblong; the outer cucullate,

horn-tipped. Petals 1 • 5-2 cm long, spathulate,

long-clawed, net-veined with dark purple-

brown. Filaments 7 *5-8 *5 and 9*5-11 mm

long, subulate. Anthers 2*5-3 mm long.

Nectaries below each pair of long filaments

shortly tongue-shaped. Siliquae 1*2-3 cm

long, 3-5 mm broad, erect on short, stout

pedicels; valves elliptic, 1 -nerved, glabrous or

hispid; beak lanceolate or ensiform, flat, at

least half as long as the valves. Seeds 1 • 5-2*5

X 1 *2-2*2 mm, smooth, yellowish to reddish,

4-10 in each locule.

A native of the Mediterranean region, now wide-

spread in other parts of Europe, North America,

Mexico, New Zealand, China and South Africa.

O.F.S.— Heilbron : Coalbrook, Seitrum, Leach

sub. T.D.A. 9183.

Transvaal. — Pretoria : Skinners Court, Burtt

Davy 3074; 3076; Sampson 23.

A variable species, especially in indumentum,

shape of leaves and in the shape of the fruit, i.e. the

relationship between the length of the valves and the

length of the beak. The beak varies from about } as

long to nearly as long as the valves.

2950 8. RAPHANUS

Raphanus L., Sp. PI. 669 (1753); Gen. PI. ed. 5: 300 (1754); O. E. Schulz inPflanzenr. 4,105,1 :

194 (1919); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 130 (1926); Phill., Gen. ed. 2: 350(1951); Exell in F.Z.

1: 193 (1960).

Annual, biennial or short-lived perennial herbs with simple hairs. Basal leaves lyrate-

pinnatifid; upper leaves small. Racemes terminal, ebracteate. Sepals erect, the inner two saccate.

Petals long-clawed, white, purple or yellow, generally dark-veined. Stamens 6; filaments

without appendages. Nectaries 6; 2 median glands tongue-shaped; 4 lateral glands small.

Siliquae transversely articulate; lower segment small, sterile, stalk-like; upper segment terete,

straight-sided or moniliform, ribbed, indehiscent, breaking into 1-seeded portions or not;

beak thin, seedless. Seeds ovoid, brown; cotyledons folded longitudinally round the incumbent

radicle.

Endemic to the Mediterranean region with about 7 or 8 species, two of which are recorded as weeds in

Southern Africa.

Fruit 3-5 mm in diameter, breaking into 1-seeded portions, hard 1. R. raphanistrum

jruit 7-12 mm (or more) in diameter, not breaking into 1-seeded portions, spongy 2. R. sativa

1. Raphanus raphanistrum L., Sp. PI.

669 (1753); O. E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4,105,1 :

194 (1919); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 130

(1926); Exell in F.Z. 1: 194 (1960); Hender-

son & Anderson, Bot. Surv. S. Afr. Mem. 27:

158, t.78 (1966). Type: from Europe.

Annual or biennial herbs 15-80 cm tall.

Stems erect, usually branched, hispid in the

lower part, usually less densely hairy above.

Basal and lower stem leaves 10-15 cm long,

petiolate, lyrate-pinnatipartite, 2-5-jugate,

the lobes ovate, dentate; terminal lobe large,

lobulate; petiole grooved, the groove and

the upper surface of the midrib of the lobes

hairy, the blades appressed-hairy and ciliate.

Upper stem leaves ± oblong to lanceolate,

cuneate, petiolate, sharply dentate, not lobed

or ± incised at the base, subglabrous. Ra-

cemes terminal, congregated into a panicle,

Cruciferae

15

dense in flower, lax in fruit. Sepals 5-10 mm

long, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous or with a

few coarse hairs at the apex. Petals 1 • 5-2 cm

long, long clawed, the blade obovate, rounded

or emarginate. Silujuae on ascending pedicels

of variable length, 2-6 cm long, 3-5 mm in

diameter; valvar portion reduced to a sterile

stalk c. 1—1 - 5 mm long or obsolete; stylar

portion seed-bearing, terete, ribbed, glabrous

or finely hispid, deeply constricted between

the seeds, hard, indehiscent, eventually

breaking transversely into 1 -seeded portions,

with a prominent sterile, subulate beak.

Seeds variable in size, 1-5-4 mm in diameter,

ovoid to subglobose, reticulate.

A very variable species, widespread over most of

Europe where it is divided into 5 subspecies. The

flowers are white, yellow, violet, lilac, or purple; a

yellow-flowered form without dark veining occurs.

Common name: Wild Radish.

Cape. — Albany : Grahamstown, Daly & Sole 513.

Bellville : Durbanville, Cadie 826. East London :

Rattray 1295. Graaff-Reinet : Bolus 268. Knysna :

Diep River, Bolus 2251. Oudtshoorn : Du Toit sub

PRE 29602. Peninsula : Kirstenbosch, Smith 4835;

Henderson 1017. Riversdale : Albertinia, Muir

1910; 1940. Stellenbosch : Somerset West, Parker

3568; 4507. Uitenhage : Thode 626; Aloes, Drege

3076. Vryburg : Mogg 8795.

O.F.S. — Lindley : Hattingh 60/11.

Transvaal. — Belfast : Jenkins sub TRY 25652-

Lichtenburg : Sutton 429. Lydenburg : Jenkins sub

TRV 10315; 10326. Potchefstroom : Burtt Davy 856.

Pretoria : Verdoorn 672; Leendertz 973.

Natal.— Durban : Strey 4860. District unknown:

Rietvlei, Gower sub NU 26858.

2. Raphanus sativus L., Sp. PI. 669 (1753);

Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 130 (1926); Exell

in F.Z. 1 : 194 (1960). Syntypes: from Europe.

Annual or biennial herbs, frequently over

1 m tall. Stein thinly hispid or glabrous

below. Lower leaves often as much as 26-35

cm long, 12-15 cm broad, petiolate, lyrate-

pinnatisect, 5-6-jugate; lobes broadly oblong,

obovate or ovate, the upper lobes up to 7-8 x

5-6 cm; terminal lobe very broadly circular-

ovate, broader than long, reaching 8-10- 5 X

9-11 cm, subtrilobulate; all lobes dentate;

petiole grooved above, the groove and the

upper surface of the midribs of the lobes

hairy, the margins often ciliate. Upper stem

leaves 1-2-jugate with narrowly oblong to

lanceolate lobes, the terminal lobe ovate or

ovate-lanceolate; uppermost leaves simple,

entire, lanceolate. Sepals 6-5-10 mm long,

oblong or narrowly oblong, sparsely hairy or

glabrous. Petals 1 • 3-2 cm long with a long

claw, blade obovate. Siliquae 1 • 5-8 cm long,

7-12 mm (or more) in diameter, ascending or

erect, ovoid-conical to conical-cylindrical,

not or hardly constricted between the seeds,

spongy with sunken veins. Seeds in 2 rows,

1-12, ovoid, c.4 ± 3 mm.

Occurs as a casual weed near habitations or cul-

tivated lands. Flowers white or purple with darker

veins. Common name: Radish.

Transvaal. — Soutpansberg : near Louis Trichardt,

Breyer sub TRV 22031.

2958 9. CRAMBE

Crambe L., Sp. PI. 671 (1753); Gen. PI. ed. 5: 301 (1754); O. E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4,105,1 :

228 (1919).

Annual or perennial herbs or suffrutices; glabrous or with simple hairs. Lower leaves

pinnatisect, rarely entire. Upper leaves small, linear. Inflorescence branched, racemose. Sepals

erect-spreading, the inner two slightly saccate. Petals shortly clawed or cuneate, white or pale

yellow. Stamens 6; the 4 long filaments usually with tooth-like appendages. Lateral nectaries

semilunar; median nectaries 4: conical. Fruit a transversely articulate silicula on agynophore;

lower segment short, sterile, stalk-like; upper segment ovoid to globose, hard, indehiscent,

I -seeded ; stigma sessile. Cotyledons longitudinally folded round the incumbent radicle.

A genus of about 20 species, natives of western Asia, central Europe, the Mediterranean region, north

tropical Africa and Macaronesia; 1 species introduced into South Africa.

16

Cruciferae

Crambe hispanica L., Sp. PI. 671 (1753);

O. E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4,105,1 : 241 (1919).

Type: from Europe.

Slender annual herbs up to 1 m tall but

usually much smaller; young parts and

especially near the base densely hispid,

glabrescent. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatisect

with 1-2 pairs of very small lateral lobes and a

large, ovate-oblong to reniform-orbicular,

terminal lobe. Racemes dense in flower, lax in

fruit. Flowers small, white, the petals 3-4 mm

long. Siliculae small, the lower segment about

1 mm long, cylindrical; the upper segment

3-4-5 mm in diameter, globose, 8-nerved,

reticulate.

A native of the Mediterranean region. Twice

recorded from South Africa, in 1920 and 1924.

Natal. — Utrecht: Pongola Mts. to Kafferdrif,

Thode 311 ; Altemooi, Thode 4703.

2956

10. RAPISTRUM

Rapistrum Crantz, Classis Crucif. 105 (1769); O. E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4, 105,1:252(1919).

Annual or perennial herbs. Stems hispid with simple hairs. Leaves pinnatisect or pinnatifid.

Racemes terminal, ebracteate. Sepals erect-spreading, the inner 2 saccate. Petals shortly clawed,

yellow. Stamens 6; filaments without appendages. Nectaries 6; 2 median tongue-shaped;

4 lateral small, flat. Siliquae transversely articulate; valvar portion 0-2-seeded, cylindrical,

ellipsoid or obconical; stylar portion ovoid to globose, wider than the lower portion, 1-seeded,

indehiscent; beak conical or filiform. Seeds ovoid, smooth; cotyledons longitudinally folded

round the incumbent radicle.

Three species from central Europe, the Mediterranean region and western Asia, one of which is naturalized

in South Africa.

Rapistrum rugosum (L.)/l//., FI. Pedem. 1 :

257 (1785); O. E. Schulz in Pflanzenr. 4,105,1 :

254 (1919). Type: from Europe.

Myagrum rugosum L., Sp. PI. 640 (1753).

Annual herbs up to 80 cm tall, usually

branched from the base with wide-spreading

branches. Stem retrorsely hispid near the base,

usually glabrescent above. Basal leaves 5—15

cm long, petiolate, lyrate-pinnatipartite, 2-3-

jugate; lateral lobes ovate-triangular, obtuse,

incise-dentate; terminal lobe ovate, large,

dentate, hispid. Upper leaves lanceolate,

petiolate, cuneate, dentate or subentire; all

leaves sparsely puberulous or the upper

surface glabrous. Racemes forming a loose

panicle. Sepals 2-5-4 mm long. Petals 6-10

mm long, clawed. Siliquae on short, slender or

stout, appressed-erect pedicels; the lower

segment cylindrical and sterile, or obconical,

1-seeded; upper segment ovoid, oblate or

orbicular, 3-5 mm in diameter, smooth or

ribbed, glabrous or hairy, 1-seeded, abruptly

or gradually contracted into the slender, 1-3

mm long style; stigma 2-lobed, broader than

he tip of the style.

A very variable weed widespread in southern,

central and northern Europe. On the shape and size

of the fruits and the length of the pedicels it is often

divided into 3 subspecies which some authors regard

as distinct species. The plants from South Africa

approach nearest to subsp. orientale (L.)Arc. and

subsp. rugosum. The flowers are pale yellow.

Cape. — Albany: Grahamstown, Noel 1608.

Bedford : Clifton, Joubert sub PRE 29560. Laings-

burg : Matjiesfontein, Foley 112. Oudtshoorn : Du

Toil sub PRE 29559; 29563. Peninsula : Three

Anchor Bay, Wolley Dod 3515. Robben Island :

Walgciie 499; 612. Stellenbosch : Botmaskop, Van

Rensburg 1976. Somerset West; Parker 3956.

Natal. — Durban : Strey 4858.

Cruciferae

17

2875 11. HELIOPHILA

Heiiophila L., Sp. PI. ed. 2: 926 (1763); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 35 (1860); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 :

126 (1926); O. E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 (1931); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 411 (1950);

Phill., Gen. ed. 2: 346 (1951); Schreiber in F.S.W.A. 48: 4 (1966).

Heliophylla Scop., Intr. 317 (1777).

Trentepohlia Roth, Nov. PI. 326 (1821).

Carponema (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 8 (1834/35); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 35 (1860); Adamson in FI. Cape

Penins. 418 (1950); Phill., Gen. ed. 2 : 347 (1951).

Carpopodium (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 13 (1834/35).

Leptonnus (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 8 (1834/35).

Onniscus (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 9 (1834/35).

Pachystylum (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 13 (1834/35).

Selcnocarpaea (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh. l.c. 10 (1834/35).

Orthoselis (DC.) Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 6 : 453 (1838).

Prisciana Rafin., Sylva Tellur. 114 (1838).

Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, rarely scandent or climbing; glabrous or with simple

hairs. Leaves narrow or broad, simple, entire or variously dentate or lobed or pinnately or

sub-bipinnately partite, exstipulate or subtended by 2 minute stipules. Inflorescence usually a

raceme, sometimes flowers axillary or a few together on short side-branches, or intercalary*;

pedicels sometimes subtended by 2 minute bracts. Sepals caducous or subpersistent, the outer

2 often cucullate, sometimes horned or thickened at the apex, the inner 2 saccate at the base or

not. Petals white, blue, lilac, mauve, purple or pink, lanceolate to subcircular, generally

clawed, with 1, rarely 2, appendages, at the base, or papillate, or without appendages. Stamens

6; none, all, or only the 2 short filaments with appendages or papillate at the base. Nectaries

2, semicircular, horseshoe-shaped or biprismatic, outside the lateral (short) filaments. Fruits

short or long, linear to obovate-circular, with straight margins or deeply constricted between

the seeds, terete or dorsally compressed, latiseptate, sessile or stipitate, dehiscent; valves flat or

bulged by the seeds, 1-3-7-nerved, glabrous or hairy, smooth, papillate or somewhat warted;

style short or long, slender or stout and much swollen in fruit. Seeds generally in 1 row, few to

many, flattened, ovoid or globose, immarginate or winged, smooth or papillose; cotyledons

twice transversely folded.

Endemic in South Africa and South West Africa; at least 71 species recognized, mostly from the winter-

rainfall area, but a few species widely distributed.

a Leaves subtended by 2 minute stipules, these filiform, subulate or granular, frequently caducous, rarely

persistent and connate to the petiole-sheath of the basal leaves; pedicels usually with 2 small bracts

similar to the stipules; sometimes leaves stipulate but pedicels ebracteate, or sometimes only the lower

leaves stipulate:

b Plants annual:

c Fruits moniliform or submoniliform, the constrictions regular though sometimes very shallow:

Petals papillate at the base; all 6 filaments papillate at the base; plants completely glabrous; flowers

white:

Petals 5-5-9 x 3-6-3 mm; anthers 1-3-1 -5 mm long 23. H. mcyeri

Petals up to 5 mm long and 3 mm broad; anthers less than 1 mm long:

Fruits 1-2-2 cm x 1-1 -7 mm; seeds 1-1 -5 x 0-8-1 -2 mm, very narrowly margined. .23. H.meyeri

Fruits I -5-5 cm x 2-3 mm; seeds 2-2 <2 mm, narrowly winged 22. H. pendula

*See “The Evolution of the Inflorescence” by J. Parkin in J. Linn. Soc. 42 : 511-563 (1914). On p. 556

he proposes the term intercalary for inflorescences which, though at first apparently terminal, become over-

topped by new leafy growth of the central axis.

18

Cruciferae

Petals with or without appendages at the base, but not just papillate; filaments all smooth or only

the 2 short ones with appendages; plants glabrous, puberulous, papillate-puberulous or hairy;

flowers white or coloured:

Plants bright green; all vegetative parts finely papillate-puberulous or ± glandular-puberu-

ious, the papillae frequently clavate; flowers white; ovules 16-26 13. H. variabilis

Plants glabrous, puberulous or hairy, but not with clavate papillae; flowers white or coloured;

if plants somewhat glandular-puberulous, then with dark, wiry stems, coloured flowers

and 4-9 ovules:

Sepals puberulous or pubescent:

Fruits over 2 mm broad:

Petals with appendages; filaments without appendages 9. H. collina

Petals and filaments without appendages 25. H. concatenate i

Fruits up to 2 mm broad:

Anthers c. 0-5 mm long; flowers small, the petals 3-4-5 X 1 -5-2-5 mm, without

appendages; fruits c. 2 cm x 1 -5-1 -9 mm, 4— 8-seeded; seeds 1 -5-1 -9 X 1-2-1 -4

mm; fruiting pedicels stout, erect or spreading, 3-5 mm long 8. H. pubescens

Anthers over 0-5 mm long; flowers larger, the petals with or without appendages;

fruits various; fruiting pedicels longer, slender:

Sepals with very coarse hairs, especially in bud; petals and the 2 short filaments

mostly with appendages; flowers bright blue or white; fruits 0-8-1 -3 mm

broad; seeds 1-1-4 X 0-6-0 -8 mm, oblong 28. H. macowaniana

Sepals hairy but not with very coarse hairs; petals and filaments always without

appendages; flowers white, pink or purple; fruits various, seeds variable,

bigger 25. H. concatenata

Sepals glabrous:

Plants minutely pulverulent-puberulous in all vegetative parts, small with dark, wiry

stems; flowers small, blue, mauve or violet; fruits 0-7-3 cm x 1 -2-2 mm; ovules

4-9 18. H. pinnata

Plants glabrous, puberulous or pubescent but not as above:

Slender, wiry herbs with dark stems; flowers blue drying pink; confined to the Cape

Peninsula 29. H. promontorii

Slender or stout herbs, not with dark, wiry stems; flowers white, pink, purple or blue,

but not blue drying pink; from the Peninsula and elsewhere:

Petals and filaments without appendages :

Anthers over 1 mm long; petals over 1-5 mm broad 25. H. concatenata

Anthers less than 1 mm long; petals up to 1 - 2 mm broad:

Plants completely glabrous; leaves simple; petals 2-5-3-5 X 1-2 mm; from

South West Africa 2. H. obibensis

Plants with minutely papillate-puberulous stems; leaves pinnatipartite; petals

1 -5-3 x 0-5-0 -8 mm; from Namaqualand to Clanwilliam to Murrays-

burg 7. H. pectinata

Petals and 2 short filaments with appendages, these sometimes small:

Valves of the fruit 3-nerved:

Flowers blue; petals 6-5-13 x 3-8 mm; anthers 1 -8-3 mm. . . .24. H. coronopifolia

Flowers mauve; petals 6-10 X 2-5-4 mm; anthers 1 -2-1 -6 mm. . . .34. H. linoidea

Valves of the fruit 1-nervcd:

Fruiting pedicels appressed-ercct; fruits 3-5 -5 cm :< 0-9-1 -4 mm; petals 6-7 x

2-5-3 mm; anthers 1—1-4 mm; buds pointed, narrow 6. H. adpressa

Fruiting pedicels erect-ascending or spreading; fruits 3-9 cm X 1-2-2 mm;

petals 6-13 x 3-8 mm; anthers 1-3 mm:

Fruits 3 • 5—5 - 5 cm x l -2-1 -4 mm; anthers 1-2 mm; seeds I -2-1 -4 x 0-8-

0-9 mm; fruiting style spherical or clavate-globose 5. If. bidbostyla

Fruits 3-9 1 -3-2 mm; anthers I -8-3 mm; seeds 1 -6-2-4 x 0-8-1 -5 mm;

fruiting style stoutly cylindrical, stoutly subulate, conical-subulate,

or nodose 24. H. coronopifolia

Cruciform;

19

cc Fruits with straight margins, or only irregularly constricted or the margin wavy where seeds have

aborted:

Petals papillate at the base; all 6 filaments papillate at the base; plants completely glabrous:

Ovules 10-16; fruits linear to linear-oblong, flat or folded alternately at right angles

23. H. me. yen'

Ovules 1-8; fruits oblong, narrowly oblong or elliptic, not folded at right angles, rarely somewhat

inflated 21. H. diffusa

Petals with or without an appendage at the base, but not just papillate; filaments all smooth or

only the 2 short ones with an appendage; plants glabrous or hairy:

Seeds winged, the sinus deep and narrow:

Fruits 4-5-9 mm broad; seeds 3 • 5—5 • 8 mm in diameter; ovules (5— )8~1 8 17. H. latisiliqua

Fruits up to 4-5 mm broad; seeds up to 3-5 mm in diameter; ovules 20-44:

Anthers 0-8-1 -4 mm; petals 4-7 x 1 -5-3-8 mm; plants variably pubescent, very rarely

glabrous; sepals and petals ± persistent round the developing ovary. ... 15. H. crithmifolia

Anthers 2-2-8 mm; petals 5 5-8 -5 X 3 -2-5 -5 mm; plants glabrous; sepals and petals falling

soon 16. H. trifurca

Seeds immarginate or narrowly winged, the sinus shallow and broad:

Plants papillate-puberulous or ± glandular-puberulous, the papillae frequently clavate

13. H. variabilis

Plants glabrous, hairy or puberulous, but not with clavate papillae:

Ovules up to 20; petals less than 5 mm long, white:

Leaves simple, ± fleshy; style 1-8-5 -5 mm long, swollen, cylindrical, cylindrical-clavate

or ± obovate 4. H. namaquana

Leaves pinnatipartite, trifid or simple, not fleshy; style short or up to l 8 mm long but at

most only slightly swollen:

Anthers 0-7-0 -9 mm; only lower few nodes of plant minutely puberulous, the rest

glabrous; fruit at least 1-5 mm broad 26. H. tabularis

Anthers 0-4-0-5 mm; stems minutely papillate-puberulous; fruit 0-8-1 -5 mm broad

7. H. pectinaia

Ovules over 20, rarely fewer; flowers larger, petals over 5 mm long, blue, purple, mauve,

lilac or white:

Fruiting pedicels sharply deflexed; anthers less than 1 -5 mm long; fruiting style 6-11 mm

long, stoutly subulate or conical-subulate 39. H. descurva

Fruiting pedicels usually erect, spreading or recurved, or if deflexed then the style only

up to 3-5 mm long, and the anthers over 1 -5 mm long:

Plants completely glabrous; leaves pinnately lobed, all crowded in a basal rosette, the

flowering stems ± naked 10. H. laciniata

Plants hairy, at least the lower few nodes of the stem, or also the axils of the branches

and the lower parts of the pedicels; or if completely glabrous, then leaves simple,

linear, fleshy, not in a rosette; plants with leafy stems, frequently branched:

Fruiting pedicels 2-4 mm long; petals 3 - 4—5 - 5 mm long; anthers 0-5-0 -9 mm

4. H. namaquana

Fruiting pedicels 0-7-2-2 cm long; petals 6-12 mm long; anthers 1 -2-3 mm long:

Valves of the fruits 1 -nerved:

Seeds not flattened, immarginate; ovules 36-80; fruits 3-5-6 cm x 1—1-8 mm

32. H. schulzii

Seeds strongly flattened, margined or winged; ovules 20-42; fruits 2-9 cm x

1 • 5-4 mm :

Flowers blue or purple; fruit 2-6 cm x 1 -5-2-3 mm, the style usually ±

swollen; valves firm; leaves always simple; stipules like resinous granules;

Cape and Natal coastal areas 48. H. subulata

Flowers pale blue, pale lilac, pale mauve or white; fruit 2-5-9 cm x 2-4 mm,

the style not swollen; valves membranous or straw-like; leaves simple or

lobed; stipules filiform; South West Africa, northern and north-western

Cape and Free State 14. H. minima

Valves of the fruits 3-nerved:

Flowers blue or purple; anthers 1 -9-3 mm; fruiting pedicels 0-8-2 -2 cm long;

stem and leaves at least up to the top leaves puberulous; frequently also the

sepals and pedicels puberulous 48. H. subulata

Flowers mauve; anthers 1 -2-1 -6 mm; fruiting pedicels 0-7-1 cm long; only lower

few nodes puberulous 34. H. linoides

20

Cruciferae

bb Plants perennial; woody shrubs or subshrubs or sometimes with annual shoots from a perennial root:

cl Fruits moniliform or submoniliform, flattened or terete, the constrictions regular though sometimes

very shallow:

Plants hairy, puberulous or glandular-puberulous, especially the lower part of the stem, the axils

of the branches and usually on young growth:

Petals and 2 short filaments each with an appendage:

Fruits 3 - 5—8 cm x 1-1-1 -7 mm; seeds 1 -5-1 -9 x 0-9-1 -2 mm; lower part of stem and axils

of branches minutely puberulous; Vanrhynsdorp, Calvinia, Clanwilliam and Piketberg

47. H. elata

Fruits2-6cm x 1 -5-2-3 mm; seeds 2-2-5 x 1 -5-1 -9 mm; stem and leaves densely andminutely

papillose-puberulous, often retrorsely so, sometimes with crisped hairs; along the coast

from the Peninsula to Natal 48. H. subulata

Petals and filaments without appendages:

Fruits 1-1-4 mm broad 47. H. elata

Fruits 1-5-3 -5 mm broad:

Fruits 4 -5-6 -5 cm x (2 - 5— )3— 3 - 5 mm; petals 8-15 x 5-9 mm; ovules 18-26; seeds 2 -8-3 -5 x

2-2-8 mm; from dry Karoo areas; late summer to winter flowering. . . .49. H. suavissima

Fruits 2-6 cm X 1-5-2 -3 mm; petals 6-9-5 x 2-8-5 mm; ovules 24-42; seeds 2-2-5 x

1 -5-1 -9 mm; from the Cape and Natal coasts; spring flowering 48. H. subulata

Plants not hairy; stems smooth to muricately scabro-papillate with cuticular papillae, these often in

rows, but neither hairy nor puberulous:

Fruits flattened; seeds flattened, 2-2-2-3 x 1-3-1 -4 mm, oval; sepals 5-5-5 mm; anthers 1 -7-

1-9 mm; inflorescence terminal; stems smooth or with fine beaded cartilaginous lines

58. H. /Wealth's

Fruits terete or subterete; seeds 1 -5-1 - 6x1 mm, not flattened; sepals 3-5-5 mm; anthers 1 ■ 1-

1- 5 mm; inflorescence intercalary or terminal; stems smooth or with fine, beaded carti-

laginous lines, or finely to coarsely muricate-papillate:

Leaves 0 - 5—1 -2 cm x 0-5-1 mm; fruits 1 -5-2 cm x 1 -2-1 -5 mm; style 1 -5-4 mm long,

stoutly subcylindrical or ± clavate; stems smooth or with fine, beaded cartilaginous

lines; ovules 4-9 59. H. tulbaghensis

Leaves 0-3-1 -5 cm x 3-4 mm; fruits 1 -5-2-5 cm x 1 -5-1 -8 mm; style 3-5-5 mm long,

subulate; stems finely or coarsely muricate-papillate; inflorescence intercalary; ovules

2-6 62. H. dregeana

dd Fruits with straight margins or the margin ± wavy, but not moniliform; flattened or not:

e Plants pubescent, puberulous or glandular-puberulous, especially the lower part of the stem, the

axils of the branches and usually the young growth:

Ovules 8-12; fruit 1-1 -5 cm X 3-4 mm, oblong or linear-oblong; leaves 5-9 mm long, 5-7-lobed.

close to the stems; seed immarginate; a high-mountain plant from Lesotho and the north-

eastern Cape 68. H. alpitta

Ovules 18-42; fruits generally much longer; leaves longer, simple or with long filiform lobes,

spreading away from the stems; seeds margined; not high-mountain plants:

Fruits up to 1 - 4 mm broad; seeds 0-9-1 -4 x 0-7-1 mm; slender with virgate or weak and

decumbent branches; Piquetberg and Clanwilliam mountains 47. H. elata

Fruits 1-5-4 mm broad; seeds circular, 1-5-2 -5 mm in diameter, or ± oblong, 2-3-5 x 1-5-

2- 8 mm; plants not generally virgate and slender; from summer rainfall area or from the

coastal areas East of the Peninsula:

Stipules and bracts minute, like resinous granules; the 2 inner sepals not saccate; in mature

fruits the stigma narrower than the diameter of the style which is always swollen,

conical to subulate; seeds ± oblong, 2-2-5 x I -5-1 -9 mm; from coastal areas from

the Cape to Natal 48. H. subulata

Stipules and bracts subulate or filiform, sometimes caducous; the 2 inner sepals generally

saccate; in mature fruits the stigma wider than the diameter of the style which is not

normally swollen, but thin and straight; seeds subcircular, 1 -5-2-5 mm in diameter or ±

oblong, 2 - 8—3 • 5 x 2-2-8 mm; from South West Africa, the drier Karoo areas of the

Cape, Orange Free State, Lesotho and into Natal:

Petals 8-15 x 5-9 mm, always without appendages; leaves always simple; plants glandular-

puberulous; ovules 18-26; seeds 2 • 8—3 ■ 5 X 2-2-8 mm, ± oblong; flowers blue,

purple or mauve; winter-flowering; from the dry Karoo areas of the Cape and Orange

Free State into Lesotho and Natal 49. H. suavissima

Petals 6-8-8 x 1 -2-4-5 mm, with or without appendages; leaves simple or lobed; plants

shortly hairy or puberulous but not glandular; ovules 20-42; seeds subcircular,

1 -5-2-5 mm in diameter; flowers pale, mauve, blue, lilac or white; flowering mostly

in spring and autumn, but also at other times after rain; from South West Africa

into north-western and northern Cape and the Orange Free State 14. H. minima

Cruciferak

21

Plants glabrous; stems smooth or muricately papillate with cuticular papillae, these often in

rows, but plants neither hairy nor puberulous;

Petals and 2 short filaments each with a large papillate appendage, or occasionally each petal

with a large, hollow, cup-like gland on the inside of the claw; petals 6-5-11 5 x 4-10 mm,

pink, lilac, mauve, purple, blue or white; ovules 6-20; anthers 1 -6-3-1 mm; from the eastern

Cape, Natal, Transvaal, Swaziland, eastern Orange Free State and Lesotho grassveld

areas 51. H. rigidiuscula

Petals and filaments smooth, or if petals with conspicuously papillate claws, then petals 6-7 -5

2-2-3 mm, ovules 4 and anthers 0-6-0 -8 mm; or if filaments with small appendages, then

petals without:

Straggling woody climbers with lanceolate to broadly elliptic leaves 4-8 X 0-7-3 cm; ovary

shortly stipitate, broadly oblong or obovate; style slender, long; ovules 2; fruit 2-5-4 X

0-8-1 -3 cm, elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic; in scrub and forest-margin on sand-dunes along

the coast around Durban 54. H. scandens

Erect shrubs or subshrubs, or virgate or procumbent, sprawling perennial herbs, but not

climbers; fruits up to 7 mm broad; leaves generally not over 1 cm broad and usually

much narrower:

Ovules 2-8 :

Petals with long, papillate claws, 6-7-5 x 2-2-3 mm; anthers 0-6-0 -8 mm; woody shrub-

lets or small trees 0-5-2 mm high 56. H. brachycarpa

Petals clawed or not, but not papillate, at least 2-5 mm broad, usually much broader;

anthers over 1 mm long:

Two inner sepals not saccate at the base 60. H. rimicola

Two inner sepals conspicuously saccate at the base:

Leaves entire:

Stems angled or narrowly winged by the decurrent leaf-margins; petals 1-1-14 cm

x 6 • 5-7 • 5 mm 61.//. esterlwyseniae

Stems round or minutely ridged, but neither angled nor winged; petals 6-5-11 x

3 -3-4 -5 mm:

Fruit oblong; in immature fruits the style 3 - 5—6 - 5 mm long, stout, ± swollen;

flowers deep mauve 52. H. katbergensis

Fruit lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate; style 2 mm long, tapering ;flovvers

greenish-white 57. H. macrosperma

Leaves sharply 3-lobed, cuneate or ovate-cuneate 63. H. tricuspidata

Ovules 10-36:

Mature fruits pendulous:

Petals 1 -5-9-5 X 2-3 mm, oblong-spathulate to elongale-cuneate, not clawed; anthers

1- 1 -3 mm; all plants with oblong or round, paired glands in the lower leaf-axils;

sometimes also glands on long stalks (sterile pedicels) in the lower part of the in-

florescence below the perfect flowers 69. H. elongate i

Petals 6-5-13-5 x 4-9-5 mm, narrowly obovate to obovate-circular, clawed; anthers

2- 4 mm; plants without axillary glands; lower leaves often in a rosette, petiolate;

stipules united with sheath of petiole, persistent 50. H. carnosa

Mature fruits erect:

Ovary and fruit long stipitate, in fruit the stipe 3-10 mm long; anthers 2-3-5 mm;

fruit 4 -5-6 -5 mm broad; seeds 5-7 X 3-5-5 mm 66. H. callosa

Ovary and fruit sessile or on a stipe up to 2-5 mm long; anthers 1-2 mm; fruit 1 -8-4 mm

broad ; seeds 2 • 5-4 X 1 • 4-2 • 8 mm :

Ovules 10-16:

Fruits lanceolate; seeds 2-5 X 1 -6-1-8 mm, not winged; trailing twiggy shrublets;

branches smooth or very finely cartilaginous-papillate 64. H. cedarbergensis

Fruits linear or linear-oblong; seeds 3-5-4 x 2-8 mm, winged; erect shrubs;

branches striate with decurrent ridges; branches sometimes muricate-papillate,

and the leaves and pedicels papillate-denticulate 65. H. scoparia

Ovules 18-36:

Stems striate with decurrent ridges; ovules 24-36; seeds 3-5-4 x 2-8 mm, flat,

winged 65. H. scoparia

Stems round, smooth, or near the base sometimes minutely tuberculate-papillate,

but stems not ridged or striate; ovules 18-24; seeds 2-7-2-8 X 1 -4-1 -9 mm,

subcompressed, very narrowly margined 70. H. macro

22

Cruciferae

aa Leaves not subtended by stipules, nor the pedicels subtended by bracteoles:

/ Plants annual:

g Fruits moniliform or submoniliform, the constrictions regular though sometimes very shallow:

Leaves simple, entire, sessile, amplexicaul :

Petals 3 • 5—8 • 5 x 2 • 5—5 • 5 mm; anthers 0-9-1 -5 mm long; fruits 1 -5-2-5 mm broad; flowering

pedicels 0-4-1 -5 cm long; fruiting pedicels 0-6-2-5 cm long, slender 1. H. amplexiciialis

Petals 3-3-8 X 1-5-2 mm; anthers 0-4-0-6 mm long; fruits 1-3-1 -5 mm broad; flowering

pedicels 2-3 mm long; fruiting pedicels 3-4 mm long, stout 3. H. gariepina

Leaves simple and entire or variously pinnately lobed, but not amplexicaul:

Two short filaments papillate at the base 19. H. pusilla

Two short filaments smooth or with an appendage at the base, but not just papillate:

Ovules up to 16 (see also H. arenaria ):

Fruiting pedicels stout, 2-4 mm long, erect; leaves always simple 4. H. namaquana

Fruiting pedicels slender, ascending, spreading or reflexed, generally longer, or if short

then slender and spreading; leaves simple or lobed:

Fruiting style 0-4-1-3 mm long; seeds 0-8-1 -5 x 0-7-11 mm 19. H. pusilla

Fruiting style 1-3-7 mm long; seeds 1-5-2 x 1-1-6 mm:

Flowers white or bright blue; sepals often drying a bright, emerald green colour;

fruiting style 1 -7-7 mm long, stoutly subulate or somewhat conical; seeds 1 -9-2 x 1

mm, oval-elliptic; leaves linear or oblanceolate, simple or 3-9-lobed

27. H. acuminata

Flowers white, mauve or pink; fruiting style 1 -3-4 mm long, stout, slightly swollen or

thin and straight; seeds 1-5-1 -8 X 1-2-1 -6 mm, broadly oblong to subcircular;

leaves simple, entire, broadly linear to oblanceolate 1. H. amplexicaulis

Ovules over 16:

Fruiting pedicels 2-4 mm long, stout, erect; leaves always simple 4. H. namaquana

Fruiting pedicels over 4 mm long, or if short then slender; leaves simple or lobed:

Fruiting pedicels 1 -2-2 cm long, very slender; seeds 0-8-1 ■ 1 X 0-5-0 -7 mm

28. H. arenaria

Fruiting pedicels up to 1 - 2 cm long; seeds bigger:

Sepals hairy or papillate, especially in bud 38. H. arenaria

Sepals glabrous:

Anthers 1 • 8-3 mm long 24. H. coronopifolia

Anthers 1 • 2-1 • 7 mm long :

Ovules 18-30; flowers pale blue; plants glaucous; leaves always simple; fruiting

pedicels wide-spreading or reflexed 36. H. leptophyUa

Ovules 32-48; flowers mauve; leaves sometimes lobed; fruiting pedicels erect or

erect-spreading 34. H. linoides

gg Fruits with straight margins or only irregularly constricted or the margin wavy where seeds have

aborted :

Seeds broadly winged, the sinus deep and narrow; petals and filaments always without appendages;

plants completely glabrous 16. H. trifurca

Seeds immarginate or winged, the sinus shallow and broad; petals and filaments with or without

appendages; plants glabrous or hairy:

Fruits up to 1 mm in diameter, subterete:

Fruiting style 0 • 8-1 ■ 5 mm long, stout, cylindrical ; seeds 0 • 6-0 ■ 8 mm in diameter, suborbicular,

not flattened; ovules 42-60; fruiting pedicels 1-2 cm long, sharply reflexed or refiexed-

spreading, the fruits pendulous; leaves 3-11-lobed or simple 31. H. refracta

Fruiting style 2 - 5—6 • 5(— 10) mm long, stoutly subulate or conical subulate (only rarely less than

2-5 mm long and blunt); seeds 0-8-1 -1 X 0-6-0 -7 mm, flattened; ovules 26-40 (rarely

more); fruiting pedicels 0-5-1 -1 cm long, erect-spreading; leaves 3-23-lobed

30. H. digitata

Fruits over 1 mm broad, flattened or subterete:

Fruits over 3 mm broad

12. H. seselifolia

Cruciferae

23

Fruits less than 3 mm broad :

Ovules less than 10; plants completely glabrous:

Ovary elliptical to obovate-elliptical; ovules 2-4; fruits 3-6 -5 X 2-2-5 mm, the valves

minutely papillate, with a slender 1-5-3 mm long style 20. H. patens

Ovary narrowly oblong; ovules 4-8. Fruits 5-12 x 1-3-1 -8 mm, the valves smooth,

with a filiform or subclavate 0-8-2 -3 mm long style 19. H. pusilla

Ovules more than 10; plants glabrous, puberulous or hairy:

Fruiting pedicels 2-4 mm long, stout, erect or erect-spreading; fruiting style 1 -8-5-5 mm

long, swollen, ± obovate or stoutly cylindric-clavate or cylindrical: flowers small,

white, light mauve, white-pink or bluish; plants glabrous or puberulous, glaucous;

leaves linear, simple, fleshy 4. H. namaquana

Fruiting pedicels 0 • 5-2 cm long, slender or stout, erect, spreading or reflexed; fruiting style

0 • 5 mm-1 • 7 cm long, variously shaped, also stout and clavate ; flowers larger, blue,

deep mauve or purple; plants glabrous, puberulous or hairy:

Sepals pubescent or puberulous :

Petals less than 3 mm broad :

Fruits 1-1 • 5 mm broad; valves 1 -nerved; fruiting style 1 • 5-6 • 5 mm long, cylindrical

or slightly swollen; seeds 1-2-1 -8 X 0-7-1 -3 mm; fruiting pedicels wide-

spreading or ascending 37. H. arenosa

Fruits 1 -8-2-5 mm broad; valves 3-nerved; fruiting style 6-11 mm long, stoutly

subulate or conical-subulate; seeds 1-8-2 X 1-2-1 -5 mm; fruiting pedicels

sharply deflexed 39. H. descurva

Petals more than 3 mm broad :

Fruits 1-5-5 -5 cm X 1-1-5 mm; valves 1-nerved; seeds 1-2-1 -8 X 0-7-1 -3 mm;

ovules 28-36; from the mountains between Vanrhynsdorp, Calvinia and

Clan william 38. H. arenaria

Fruits 3-9 cm x 1-6-2 -5 mm; valves 3-5-nerved; seeds 1-7-2 -3 x 1-2-2 mm;

ovules (10-) 32-52 41. H. integrifolia

Sepals glabrous:

Petals and filaments without appendages:

Fruits 1 -3-1 -5 mm broad; seeds 1 -2-1 -6 X 0-8-0 -9 mm, oblong; basal few nodes

sparsely hairy or puberulous; pedicels puberulous; leaves simple. . . .40. H. affinis

Fruits 1 -5-2-6 mm broad; seeds 1-4-2 mm in diameter, subcircular; plants com-

pletely glabrous; leaves pinnately lobed:

Ovules 12-27; sepals 2-3-4 mm; petals 3-10 X 2 • 3—5 - 6 mm, white

12. H. seselifolia

Ovules 36-66; sepals 4-6 mm; petals 7 -5-9 -5 X 4 -5-8 -5 mm, blue, mauve or

white 11 . H. deserticola

Petals and filaments with appendages:

Petals less than 1 -5 mm broad, lanceolate, acute or acuminate 35. H. remotiflora

Petals over 2 mm broad, generally rounded :

Ovules more than 30:

Anthers less than 1 mm long; petals 5-8 X 2-2 • 8 mm 37. H. arenosa

Anthers over 1 mm long:

Valves of fruit 1-nerved:

Seeds suborbicular, not flattened, 0-7-1 -3 X 0-5-0 -9 mm, immarginate;

ovules 40-80 33. H. lactea

Seeds circular or oval, flattened, 1-4-2 mm in diameter, or 1 -6-2-4 X

0 ■ 8-1 • 5 mm, narrowly margined or winged ; ovules 1 6-66 :

Seeds circular 1 -4-2 mm in diameter; ovules 36-66; fruit 1 - 8—4 - 5 cm X

1-9-2 -6 mm; style 0-5-1 -8 mm; outer sepals cucullate; flowers

pale blue, mauve or white; from South West Africa, northern

Cape, Namaqualand, Vanrhynsdorp, Calvinia and Ceres

11. H. deserticola

Seeds oval, 1 -6-2-4 x 0 - 8—1 -5 mm; ovules 16-50; fruit 3-9 cm X 1-3-2

mm; style 1-5 mm, stout, nodose or subulate; outer sepals shortly

horn-tipped; flowers bright blue; from the south-western Cape

northwards into Vanrhynsdorp 24. H. coronopifolia

47631-3

24

Cruciferae

Valves of fruit 3-5-nerved, the outer nerves sometimes close to the margin

and inconspicuous:

Flowers mauve; petals 6-10 X 2-5-4 mm 34. H. linoides

Flowers blue; petals 6-5-13 x 3-8 mm:

Plants puberulous or scabro-puberulous in the lower half or only the

lower few nodes, rarely glabrous; valves with a midrib and 2 very

obscure lateral nerves 24. H. coronopifolia

Plants densely to thinly pilose or almost glabrous; valves 3-nerved or

obscurely 5-nerved 41. H. integrifolia

Ovules fewer than 30:

Valves of the fruit 1-nerved:

Petals up to 3 mm broad :

Petals 5-8 X 2-2-8 mm, blue; anthers 0 - 8—1 mm; fruits 3-5 cm X 1-1-5

mm; seeds 1-1 -2 x 0-8-0 -9 mm; leaves 3-7-lobed 37. H. arenosa

Petals 7-7-5 x 2-8-3 mm, pale blue; anthers 1-2-1 -7 mm; fruits 2-5-6

cm x 1-5-1 -8 mm, seeds 1 -8-2-3 x 11-1-3 mm; leaves simple

36. H. leptophylla

Petals over 3 mm broad :

Anthers 1-8-3 mm; fruits 3-9 cm X 1-3-2 mm, their valves firm; style

1-5 mm, stoutly cylindrical, stoutly subulate, conical-subulate

or nodose; seeds 1-6-2 -4 x" 0-8-1 -5 mm; plants puberulous or

scabro-puberulous below, rarely glabrous; fruiting pedicels 0-6-

1-2 cm long, erect-spreading, puberulous or glabrous; outer sepals

shortly horn-tipped; flowers blue 24. H. coronopifolia

Anthers 0-7-1 -8 mm; fruits 1 -3-3-5 cm x 1 -5-2-2 mm, their valves

membranous; style 0-5-2 -5 mm, not swollen; seeds 1-9-2 mm in

diameter, circular; plants completely glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-2

cm long, spreading or recurved, slender, glabrous; outer sepals

weakly cucullate, not horn-tipped; flowers white 12. H. seselifolia

Valves of the fruit 3-5-nerved, the outer nerves sometimes close to the margin

and inconspicuous:

Petals 7-7-5 X 2-8-3 mm; anthers 1 - 2—1 7 mm; sepals 4—4 • 5 mm

36. H. leplophylla

Petals 6-5-13 x 3-8 mm; anthers 1-5-3 mm; sepals 4 -5-7 -5 mm:

Plants puberulous or scabro-puberulous in the lower half or only the lower

few nodes, rarely glabrous; valves with a midrib and 2 very obscure

lateral nerves; fruiting style always glabrous, 1-5 mm long; each

petal with only 1 appendage, and only the 2 short filaments with

appendages; sepals always glabrous 24. H. coronopifolia

Plants densely to thinly pilose to almost glabrous; valves 3-nerved or

obscurely 5-nerved; fruiting style sometimes hairy, (2— )6— 1 7 mm long;

sometimes each petal with 2 appendages and all 6 filaments with

appendages; sepals often hairy 41. H. integrifolia

ff Plants perennial, sometimes with annual shoots from a perennial root :

Petals and filaments without appendages:

Plants densely hairy, lanate or felted with straight or crinkled hairs 67. H. nubigena

Plants glabrous:

Leaves elongate-cuneate, 3-7-toothed near the apex 53. H. eximia

Leaves various, always entire:

Fruits 2-3 cm x 4-6 mm; ovules 4-10 55. H. glanca

Fruits 2-5-5 cm X 1 -5-2-6 mm; ovules 9-24:

Fruiting pedicels erect; fruit with straight margins, the valves flat; ovules 18-24; anthers

1—1 - 9 mm long 70. H. macro

Fruiting pedicels reflexed; fruit submoniliform, the valves alternately convex and concave;

ovules 9-16; anthers 1-1-3 mm long 71. H. ramosissima

Cruciferaf.

25

Petals and the 2 short filaments with appendages:

Plants completely glabrous:

Leaves sessile, amplexicaul:

Ovules 4—8; anthers 1*5-1 *9 mm long; Eastern Cape mountains 42. H. brassicaefolia

Ovules 30-44; anthers 2 -5-3 -2 mm long; Malmesbury to Bathurst coastal dunes

45. H. linearis

Leaves narrowed into a petiole or sessile but not amplexicaul:

Fruits moniliform 46. H. cornuta

Fruits with straight margins:

Ovules 20-50; fruiting style 2-6 mm long, bulbous or stoutly subulate; mostly in the coastal

areas from Malmesbury to Bathurst 45. H. linearis

Ovules 6-20; fruiting style (3— )5 - 5—12 mm long, slender; from grassland areas in the eastern

half of South Africa 51. H. rigidiuscula

Plants slightly puberulous to densely pilose or hirsute:

Leaves cuneate or obovate-cuneate, 5-9-dentate; plants pilose; ovules 6-8 44. H. cuneata

Leaves entire or rarely with a few small lobes, but then ovules 18-50; plants subglabrous to

densely hirsute or pilose:

Fruits moniliform 46. H. cornuta

Fruits with straight margins:

Stems and leaves densely hirsute; valves of fruit shortly and thinly hirsute 43. H. incana

Stems glabrous or pilose; leaves glabrous or sparsely hairy; fruits glabrous 45. H. linearis

1. Heliophila amplexicaulis L.f., Suppl.

296 (1781); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1: 210 (1846); F.C. 1: 40 (1860).

Type: Thunberg Herb. No. 15203 (UPS!).

Trentepohlia integrifolia Roth, Catalect. Bot. 2 :

76 (1800).

Ormiscus amplexicaulis (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enum. 9, No. 65 (1834-5).

H. amplexicaulis var. grandiflora Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 210 (1846). Type : Wup-

perthal, Drege 7551 (PRE ). -var. spathulata Sond.,

i.c. (1846). Type : Khamiesberg, Drege ( H . spathulata

E. Mey.). (K!; PRE!; SAM!).

Slender or stout annual herbs 15-45 cm

high; stems glaucous, glabrous or very thinly

puberulous at the base. Leaves 1 • 5-6 cm

long, 0*1-1 *6 cm broad, mostly broadly

lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, but varying

from broadly linear to elliptic-cordate or

oblanceolate, mostly ± cordate at the base,

sessile, the apex blunt to acuminate, entire,

young leaves sometimes puberulous. Racemes

terminal, few- to many-flowered, contracted

in flower, lax in fruit. Pedicels glabrous or

puberulous, 0*4-1 -5 cm long in flower,

slender, erect; 0*6-2 *5 cm long in fruit,

spreading or reflexed-spreading. Sepals 2-4*3

mm long, 0*9-1 *8 mm broad, narrowly ob-

long to ovate-oblong, semi-persistent, gla-

brous or puberulous; the outer 2 cucullate,

thickened at the tip; the inner 2 slightly

saccate at the base, broadly membranous-

margined. Petals 3 • 5-8 • 5 mm long, 2 • 5-5 • 5

mm broad, obovate-circular to elliptic-ovate

above the claw, rounded, each with a small

papillate appendage. Filaments 1 * 8-3 mm

and 2* 1-4 mm long; each of the 2 short ones

with an appendage. Anthers 0*9-1 *5 mm

long. Ovary linear to oblong; style short,

stigma large, capitate; ovules 6—16. Fruits

2 *5-3 *5 cm long, 1*5-2 *5 mm broad, linear,

strongly moniliform, the “beads” subcircular

or oval, close together or separated by narrow

waists; valves flat, 1 -nerved, reticulately

veined, slightly bulged by the seeds, glabrous

or thinly puberulous; style 1*3-4 mm long,

stout, slightly swollen, or thin and straight.

Seeds 1*5-1 *8 x 1*2-1 *6 mm, broadly

oblong to subcircular, very narrowly

margined, or 1*4-1 *5 x 1 mm, oblong.

Fig. 2:7.

Widespread from Namaqualand to Saldanha Bay

and inland to Montagu, Laingsburgand Calvinia. The

flowers are white, mauve or pink, produced from

August to October.

Cape. — Calvinia : Akkerendam, Leistner 398;

Botterkloof Pass, Maguire 194; Gif berg, Phillips

7572; Brandkop, Stokoe 8547. Clanwilliam : Marloth

3366; Wupperthal, Leipoldt 554; Olifants River,

Compton 11048; Barker 5725. Laingsburg : Matjies-

fontein, Compton 2575. Malmesbury : Hutchinson

279; Saldanha Bay, Galpin 10768; Vredenburg,

Lewis 1191. Montagu : Montagu Baths, Page sub

BOL 27357. Namaqualand: Leliefontein, Drege 7551;

Karkams, Pearson 6716; Kamiesberg, Kasparskloof

Drege s.n.; Garies, Acocks 14955; Nuwerus, Lewis

1192. Piketberg : Kapteinskloof, Van Niekerk 640;

Redelinghuis, Pillans 7684. Tulbagh : Nuwekloof,

MacOwan 2941 ; Schlechter 1406.

26

Cruciferae

The plants fall into 2 fairly distinct groups, but

some intermediates do occur. Most plants are gla-

brous with broader fruits and broadly oblong to

subcircular seeds ; the styles are 1 • 3-2 • 5 mm long,

thin. In the smaller group from Namaqualand the

plants are thinly puberulous, the fruits narrower

with oval beads and oblong seeds; the styles are 2-4

mm long, stout, slightly swollen.

2. Heliophila obibensis Marais in Botha-

lia 9: 104 (1966); Schreiber in F.S.W.A. 48: 7

(1966). Type: Liideritz, Obib, Merxmiiller &

Giess 3430 (M, holo.!).

Erect, branched, glabrous, annual herbs

up to 15 cm high. Leaves up to 2-5 cm long,

linear, entire, each subtended by 2 small

filiform stipules. Racemes terminal, several-

flowered. Pedicels each subtended by 2 small

filiform bracts; in flower erect, 2-4 mm long;

in fruit spreading or ± recurved, 5-6 mm

long. Sepals 1-7-2 mm long, 0-6-0 -8 mm

broad, narrowly oblong; the outer 2 ±

cucullate; the inner 2 ± saccate. Petals 2-5-

3-5 mm long, 1-2 mm broad, narrowly

oblong-obovate, clawed. Filaments 1 • 8-2 mm

and 2-2-3 mm long, filiform. Anthers 0-5-

0-6 mm long. Ovary linear-oblong; style

short, stout; stigma large, capitate; ovules

8-12. Fruits 1-2-1 -7 cm long, 2-2-5 mm

broad, linear-oblong, submoniliform; valves

flat, 1-nerved, reticulately veined; style c.

0-5 mm long. Seeds not seen. Fig. 2:1.

Known only from the one collection from quart-

zite screes on the slopes north of Obib. Flowers white,

turning pinkish with age.

S.W.A. — Liideritz : Obib, Merxmiiller & Giess

3430.

3. Heliophila gariepina Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 49: 414 (1913). Type: Steinkopf,

Schlechter 1 1480 (B, holo.).

Erect annual herbs 30-70 cm high,

glaucous and glabrous except for the coarsely

hairy pedicels and minutely puberulous

ovaries and fruits. Leaves 3-6-5 cm long.

2-9 mm broad, oblong-lanceolate to lance-

olate (the lower ones sometimes linear),

cordate at the base, sessile, acute or acumi-

nate, the lower leaves opposite, the upper

alternate. Racemes terminal, many-flowered,

dense in flower, very lax in fruit. Pedicels

hairy, especially in the lower half; in flower

2-3 mm long, erect; in fruit 3-4 mm long,

spreading or sharply reflexed. Sepals 2-2-8

mm long, 0- 8-1-1 mm broad, oblong, semi-

persistent; the outer 2 cucullate and thickened

at the tip, membranous-margined ; the inner 2

slightly saccate, broadly membranous-

margined. Petals 3-3-8 mm long, 1-5-2 mm

broad, obovate or ± oblong above the short

claw, rounded, each with a very small appen-

dage. Filaments 1 • 9-2 • 3 mm and 2 • 2-2 • 8 mm

long, subulate, the short ones ± widened at

the base. Anthers 0-4-0 -6 mm long. Ovary

linear; stigma large, capitate, subsessile;

ovules 6-10. Fruits 2-2-5 cm long, 1-3-1 -5

mm broad, linear, moniliform, the “beads”

oval; valves 1-nerved, glabrous or puberu-

lous; style 2-3 mm long, swollen or thick,

cylindrical. Seeds 1-5-1 -6 x 1-1-2 mm,

oblong, very narrowly margined, when fully

ripe the margin hardly visible. Fig. 2:8.

Known from a small area in northern Nama-

qualand. A spring-flowering annual with small white

flowers which turn pink or lilac with age.

Cape. — Namaqualand : Klipfontein, Kasteelpoort,

Bolus in Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric. 361 ; Steinkopf,

Schlechter 11480; Marloth 6772; Barker 9040;

Bulletrap, Acocks 19412.

4. Heliophila itamaquana Bolus in J. Bot.

Lond. 34 : 16 (1896). Type : Bolus 6517

(BOL, holo.!) (and as Herb. Norm. Austro-

Afric. 485).

H. sarcostyla Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 27 : 138 (1899).

Type : Schlechter 8732 (B, holo.!).

Small annual herbs 7-30 cm high, simple

or branched, glaucous, glabrous, or only the

basal nodes puberulous, or the whole plant,

including the fruits, puberulous; young parts

sometimes hairy. Leaves 1-6 cm long, linear

or linear-filiform, simple, ± fleshy, minutely

stipulate or exstipulate. Racemes few- to

many-flowered. Pedicels ebracteate, puberu-

lous or glabrous, 2 mm long in flower; 2-4

mm long in fruit, stout, erect or erect —

spreading. Sepals 2 -3-3 -6 mm long, 0-9-

1-3 mm broad, narrowly oblong to obovate-

oblong, semi-persistent, the outer 2 cucul-

late and ± thickened at the tip; the inner 2

saccate. Petals 3 -4-5 -5 mm long, 1-4-2 -5

mm broad, narrowly obovate to obovate-

elliptic, rounded, clawed, occasionally with a

very small appendage. Filaments 2-2-9 mm

and 2 -4-3 -5 mm long, each of the short ones

occasionally with a small appendage. Anthers

0-5-0 -9 mm long. Ovary narrowly oblong,

Cruciferad

27

Fig. 2. — 1, Heliophila obibensis, habit, X 1 ( Merxmulller & Giess 3430). 2a, H. linoides, fruit, x 1); 2b, seed, X

8 ( Bolus 13068). 3a, H. remotiflora, fruit, X Ij; 3b, seed, X 8 (Leistncr 2636). 4, H. acuminata, fruit, x 2

( Bolus 12601). 5, H. macowaniana, fruit, X 2 (Harvey 476). 6, H. pectinata, fruit, X 3 (Bolus 6516). 7, H.

amplexicaulis, fruit, X 2 (Compton 2575). 8, H. gariepina, fruit, X 2 (Bolus 361). 9, H. descurva, fruit, x I f

(Acocks 18464). 10, H. affinis, fruit, X (Schlechter 11171). 11, H. namauuana, fruit, x 1^- (Schlechter

11174).

28

Cruciferae

glabrous or puberulous, the stigma subsessile

or on a stout style as thick as the ovary;

ovules 10-24. Fruits 1-5-3 -7 cm long, 1—1 * 5

mm broad, linear, the margins straight or

nearly so; valves 1 -nerved or obscurely 3-

nerved, flat, bulged by the seeds, glabrous or

puberulous; style 1-8-5 -5 mm long, swollen,

± obovate or stout cylindric-clavate or cylin-

drical. Seeds 0-9-1 -2 X 0-7-0 -8 mm,

oblong or subcircular-oblong, immarginate.

Fig. 2:11.

Widespread in sandy soil from Namaqualand

to Clanwilliam. The small white, mauve-pink, or

bluish flowers are produced from August to October

Cape. — Calvinia : Akkerendam, Acocks 18926.

Clanwilliam : Pakhuisberg, Schlechter 8633; Koude-

berg, Schlechter 8732. Namaqualand : Between

Droedap and Kamieskroon, Esterhuysen 5893; De

Kom, Leipoldt 3926; Narries, Bolus 6517 (and as

Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric. 485). Vanrhynsdorp :

Waterklip, Schlechter 11174. Ceres : Katbakkies

Pass, Marais 1410.

Acocks 17759 from Akkerendam, Calvinia, differs

in having stout, subulate or conical-subulate, tapering

styles.

5. Heliophila bulbostyla Barnes in Trans.

Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 19 : 287 (1931). Type :

Whitehill, Compton 3659.

Erect annual herbs up to 35 cm high;

slender and simple or stout with spreading

branches; rarely quite glabrous, usually the

hypocotyl or lower few nodes and axils of

branches minutely puberulous. Leaves 2-7-5

cm long, the lower ones 3-7-lobed, the upper-

most simple, broadly linear to filiform, gla-

brous or the upper surface sparsely puberu-

lous; each subtended by 2 minute stipules.

Racemes terminal, rather lax; buds rounded.

Pedicels generally puberulous in the lower

half, each subtended by 2 minute bracts; in

fruit 0-4-1 -3 cm long, ascending, stout and

thickened, especially apically, or slender (in

shade forms). Sepals 3 - 5—5 - 9 mm long,

oblong, semi-persistent; the outer 2 cucullate,

membranous-margined; the inner 2 inflated

at the base, with broad membranous mar-

gins. Petals 6-8-5 mm long, 3-6-5 mm

broad, obovate to obovate-circular, rounded,

clawed, each with a papillate appendage.

Filaments 2- 8-4- 5 mm and 3- 1-4-9 mm long,

the 2 short ones each with an appendage.

Anthers 1-2 mm long. Ovary linear, style

short, soon becoming thickened; ovules

20-44. Fruits 3 • 5-5 • 5 cm long, 1 • 2-1 • 4 mm

broad, linear, margins thick, almost straight

or moniliform; valves 1 -nerved, flat, in older

fruits generally calloused between the seeds,

glabrous or puberulous when young; style

1-3 mm long, spherical to clavate-globose.

Seeds 1-2-1 -4 x 0-8-0 -9 mm, oblong,

immarginate or very narrowly margined.

The flowering time is from September to Octo-

ber; the flowers are described as blue or bright blue.

Cape. — Laingsburg : Whitehill, Compton 3578;

Tweedside, Barker 7465; Constable, Compton 3801.

Montagu : Williams sub NBG 3102. Swellendam :

National Bontebok Park, Liebenberg 6468.

Closely related to H. adpressa Schulz but differs

in the shape of the buds, the larger, broader petals and

the bigger appendages of the petals and filaments.

6. Heliophila adpressa O. E. Schulz in

Bot. Archiv 31 : 530 (1931); Adamson in FI.

Cape Penins. 413 (1950). Syntypes : Bergius

(B!); Ecklon Un. It. 387 (K!).

Slender or stout, erect, annual herbs

1 5-50 cm high, simple or branched, complete-

ly glabrous or minutely puberulous for the

first few nodes, on the axils of the lower

branches, the upper surface of the leaves,

and the lower part of the pedicels. Leaves

5-7 cm long, filiform or linear, simple or

3-lobed near the tip, mostly crowded in

the lower half of the stem; upper leaves

few, smaller, always simple. Racemes dense

in flower and in fruit, in small unbranched

plants sometimes lax; buds narrow, pointed.

Pedicels in fruit 0- 3-1 cm long, thickened near

the appex but never very stout and uniformly

thick; erect, i appressed. Sepals 4-5 mm

long, linear-oblong, purplish, semi-persistent;

the outer 2 cucullate, thickened at the apex or

slightly horntipped; the inner 2 ± saccate.

Petals 6-1 mm long, 2-5-3 mm broad,

oblong-obovate or elliptic-obovate, rounded,

cuneate but not distinctly clawed, each

with a small appendage (sometimes very

small and some distance from the base).

Filaments 3-3-8 mm and 3 -5-4 -5 mm

long. Anthers 1-1-4 mm long. Ovary linear;

style soon beginning to thicken; ovules

24-38. Fruits 3-5-5 cm long, 0-9-1 -4

mm broad, linear, regularly but very shallow-

ly moniliform; valves 1 -nerved, smooth, the

margin thickened; style 1-2-8 mm long,

globose or thick, cylindrical.

Cruciferae

29

A coastal sand-dune species. The flowering

period is from September to October, and the flowers

are described as blue, deep blue or pale pink. In the

original description Schulz described the petals as

white.

Cape.— Bredasdorp : Brandfontein, Esterhuysen

19026. Peninsula : Ecklon 387; Ecklon 388, partly;

Bergius s.n.; Rondevlei, Compton 24361; Noordhoek,

Barker 3270; Eerste River, Pillans 9243. Riversdale :

Albertinia, Muir 1789. Stellenbosch : Strand, Parker

3603; Parker sub BOL 27346; Kuils River, Zeyher 54.

7. Heliophila pectinata Burch, ex DC.,

Syst. 2 ; 688 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 227 (1846); F.C. 1 : 44

(1860). Type : Sutherland, between Kuilen-

berg and Riet River, Burehell 1362 (K,

holo. !).

Annual herbs, often dwarf and delicate,

5-30 cm high, simple or branched; stems

minutely papillate-puberulous, sometimes

subglabrous. Leaves up to 5 cm long, pinna-

tipartite with up to 5 pairs of lobes, but

usually smaller and with fewer lobes, mem-

branous, each subtended by 2 minute stipules ;

lobes filiform or flat, up to 2 mm broad.

Racemes many-flowered, lax. Pedicels 1-5-

3-5 mm long in flower, erect; 3-5 mm long in

fruit, recurved or reflexed; each subtended

by 2 minute bracts. Sepals 1-3-2 mm long,

0-5-1 mm broad, narrowly oblong, semi-

persistent; the outer 2 cucullate with a mem-

branous margin, sometimes slightly thickened

at the apex; the inner 2 with broad mem-

branous margins. Petals 1 • 5-3 mm long,

0- 5-0 -8 mm broad, narrowly elliptic to

broadly oblanceolate, clawed, only rarely

with a very small appendage. Filaments

1- 1 -8 mm long, sometimes subequal. Anthers

0-4-0 -5 mm long. Ovary narrowly oblong;

style short, stigma capitate; ovules 10-16,

Fruits 0-8-2 -5 cm long, 0-8-1 -5 mm broad,

linear, the margins almost straight; valves

flat, 1-3-nerved, glabrous or often finely

puberulous; style 0-5-1 -8 mm long some-

times slightly swollen. Seeds 0-9-1 -1 X

0-7-0 -8 mm, oval, very narrowly margined.

Fig. 2 : 6.

Widespread from Namaqualand to the northern

part of Clanwilliam district and into the Karoo as far

as Murraysburg. In damp situations, frequently in

the shelter of rocks and boulders. The small, incon-

spicous white flowers are produced in early spring.

Cape. — Calvinia : Kubiskouw Mt., Marloth 12867;

Ganaga Pass, Leistner 293. Clanwilliam : Koudeberg,

Schlechter 8774. Fraserburg : Acocks 16896; Stink -

fontein, Burehell 1397. Laingsburg : Whitehall Ridge,

Compton 5628; 8058. Murraysburg : Tyson 327.

Namaqualand : Kamiesberg, Pcfl/sorz 6660; Drege s.n.

(77. inconspicua E. Mey.a); Tweefontein, Concordia,

Bolus 6516 (and as Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric. 484).

Sutherland : between Kuilenberg and Riet River,

Burehell 1362; Koekoes Mts., Compton 7351. Ceres:

S. of Blinkberg Pass, Marais 1416. Montagu: Oude-

berg, Acocks 20531..

8. Heliophila pubescens Burch, ex Sond.

in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 208 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 39 (1860). Type : Burehell 1334

(K, holo.!).

Annual pubescent herbs up to 20 cm

high, but often very small; simple or branched

at the base; stems erect or ascending, densely

pubescent. Leaves up to 6 cm long, pectinate-

ly pinnatipartite with 5-6 pairs of lobes,

densely hairy, minutely stipulate. Racemes

few- to many-flowered, dense at first but lax

in fruit; rhachis densely puberulous. Pedicels

puberulous, subtended by 2 minute bracts;

in flower erect, 1-5-2 -5 mm long; in fruit

erect or spreading, 3-5 mm long. Sepals

2 • 3-2 • 8 mm long, 0 • 9-1 • 5 mm broad, ovate-

oblong or narrowly oblong, densely puberu-

lous, cucullate, semi-persistent. Petals 3-4-5

mm long, 1 • 5-2 • 5 mm broad, circular-

spathulate with a long claw or ovate-elliptic

above a short claw. Filaments 2-2-4 mm

and 2 -4-2 -6 mm long. Anthers c. 0-5 mm

long. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous or puberu-

lous; style short, stigma small; ovules 4-8.

Fruits c.2 cm long, 1-5-1 -9 mm broad,

linear, moniliform; valves flat, 1 -nerved,

glabrous or puberulous, the margins thick-

ned; style 1-1 • 5 mm long, ± clavate in young

fruits, later cylindrical or conical-cylindric.

Seeds 1-5-1 -9 X 1-2-1 -4 mm, subcircular.

Fig. 6 : 1.

Insufficiently known and from the few records

the distribution is not clear. A very early flowering

species, from July to August. Acocks 16838 was col-

lected in shallow, frozen soil. The flowers are whitish.

Cape. — Ceres : Theronsberg, Walgate 292; Farm

Kleinveld, Marais 1417. Clanwilliam : Koudeberg,

Schlechter 8763. Graaff-Reinet : Sneeuberge, Drege

(H. hirsuta E.M.). Paarl : French Hoek, Olifants

Pass, Gillett 1859. Sutherland : Acocks 16927; 16838;

Theronsrust, Acocks 17801; between Jakhalsfontein

and Kuilenberg, Burehell 1334; between Freezing St.

and Jakhalsfontein, Burehell 1323.

The sepals and petals persist for a remarkably

long time, on some specimens even when the young

fruits have reached a length of 1 - 5 cm.

30

Cruciferae

9. Heliophila collina O. E. Schulz in Bot.

Archiv 31 : 533 (1931). Type : Calvinia;

Papelfontein, Schlechter 10900 (B, holo.!).

Annual pubescent herbs, usually much-

branched at the base; branches decumbent,

up to 20 cm high, densely pubescent below,

puberulous above. Leaves up to 6 cm long,

pinnatipartite with 3-4 pairs of lobes, fleshy,

1- 2 mm broad, densely pubescent, minutely

stipulate. Racemes many-flowered, lax;

very lax in fruit ; rhachis puberulous. Pedicels

puberulous, each subtended by 2 minute

bracts; in flower erect, 4-5 mm long; in

fruit erect-spreading or reflexed, 5-11 mm

long. Sepals 2 -3-3 -3 mm long, 1-1-4 mm

broad, narrowly oblong or oblong-elliptic,

puberulous, caducous; the outer 2 cucullate

and ± thickened at the tip; the inner 2 with

membranous margins. Petals 4-5-6 mm

long, 3-4 mm broad, subcircular or oblong-

circular above the short claw, with a small

appendage. Filaments 1 -8-2-3 mm and 2-2-

2- 8 mm long, all without appendages. Anthers

1-1-5 mm long. Ovary linear-oblong; style

long, stigma small; ovules 4-12. Fruits

1-2 cm long, 2-3-3 mm broad, moniliform;

valves 1 -nerved, faintly reticulately veined,

flat, bulged by the seeds, glabrous or puberu-

lous; style 2-4-3 mm long, subulate or cylin-

drical. Seeds 1-8-2 -3 x 1-4-1 -9 mm, ob-

long or oval to subcircular, immarginate, not

quite flat.

Known from a very small area round Nieuwoudt-

ville in the Calvinia district. The flowering time is

from August to September, and the flowers are white

or yellowish-white, fading violet.

Cape. — Calvinia : Nieuwoudtville, Acocks 18519;

Leistner 400; Klipkoppies, Lav is sub BOL 19824;

between Nieuwoudtville and Oorlogskloof, Lewis

3131; Middlemost 1613; Papelfontein, Schlechter

10900.

10. Heliophila laciniata Marais in Bot-

halia 8 : 168 (1964). Type : Springbok,

Acocks 19573 (PRE, holo.!).

Glabrous annual herbs with the leaves

crowded in a basal rosette. Leaves 4-15 cm

long, pinnately 5-14-lobed, the lobes spaced

over the whole length of the leaf, alternate

or opposite, short or long, projecting back-

wards, at right angles or upwards (the juvenile

leaves sometimes simple); each subtended by

2 minute stipules. Peduncles 25-50 cm tall,

naked, solitary or several, simple or branched.

Pedicels subtended by 2 minute bracts; in

flower erect, 0-8-1 -3 cm long; in fruit

spreading or recurved-spreading 1-1-6 cm

long. Sepals 4-5 mm long, 1-4-1 -5 mm

broad, oblong; outer 2 cucullate and thick-

ened at the tip; inner 2 saccate. Petals 8 • 8-1 1

mm long, 4-3-6 mm broad, obovate to very

broadly obovate, rounded, clawed. Filaments

3 -2-3 -8 mm and 3-4-4 mm long. Anthers

1 -7-2- 1 mm long. Ovary linear; style short;

ovules 20-38. Fruits 2-5-4 cm long, 2-2-7

mm broad, linear, with straight margins;

valves 1 -nerved, finely reticulately veined;

style 1-2-5 mm long, slender. Seeds 1-7-

1-8 X 1-5-1 -6 mm, reniform-circular,

narrowly winged. Fig. 3 : 4.

Known from an area south-west of Springbok.

The flowering period is from July to September and

the flowers are white, fading to mauve.

Cape. — Namaqualand ; Springbok, Acocks 19335;

19573; between Spektakel and Komaggas, Bolus 6515

(and as Herb. No m. Austro-Afric. 483); between

Brakwater and Komaggas, Compton 22090.

11. Heliophila deserticola Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 49 : 413 (1913); Schreiber in F.S.W.A.

48 : 6 (1966). Type : Namaqualand, Max

Schlechter 82 (B, holo.!).

See note at end of species for synonymy.

Several-stemmed, glabrous, glaucous,

annual herbs, 15-30 cm high. Leaves 1-3 cm

long, pinnately 3-9-lobed with linear lobes,

sometimes crowded near the base. Racemes

terminal, lax, several-flowered. Pedicels 7-8

mm long in flower, slender, erect; 0 • 9-1 • 3 cm

long in fruit, ascending, spreading or re-

curved. Sepals 4-6 mm long, 1-3-2 mm

broad, narrowly oblong; the outer 2 cucul-

late; the inner 2 strongly saccate, membra-

nous-margined. Petals 7 -5-9 -5 mm long,

4 -5-8 -5 mm broad, obovate or broadly

obovate, sometimes with an appendage.

Filaments 3- 1-4-5 mm and 3-5-5 mm long,

the short ones with or without appendages.

Anthers 1 -5-2-8 mm long. Ovary linear;

style very short with a large capitate stigma;

ovules 36-66. Fruits 1 -8-4-5 cm long, 1-9-

2-6 mm broad, linear to linear-oblong with

straight margins; valves flat, 1-nerved, reti-

culately veined; style 0-5-1 -8 mm long,

stout. Seeds 1 - 4—2 mm in diameter, circular,

winged. Fig. 3 : 3.

Crucieerae

31

Fig. 3.— la, Heliophila seselifolia var. nigellifolia, habit, X 1 ( Schweickerdt 2551); lb, fruit, X 2 ( Salter 1509).

2a, H. seselifolia var. marlothii, fruit, X 2; 2b, seed, X 6. 3a, H. deserticola, fruit, X 2 ( Salter 3783); 3b,

seed, X 6 ( Zeyher 42). 4, H. laciniata, fruit, X 2 ( Acocks 19573). 5a, H. minima, fruit, X 2; 5b, seed, X 6

{Leisttier & Joynt 2703). 6a, H. pinnata, fruit, X 3; 6b, seed, X 8 ( Hutchinson 1061). 7a, H. pusilla var.

pusilla, fruit, x 3; 7b, seed, X 8 ( Drege 7554). 8a, H. pusilla var. macrosperma, fruit, X 3 ( Prior s.n.);

8b, seed, X 8 ( Marloth 9281).

32

Cruciferae

Widespread from South West Africa to Prieska

and through Namaqualand into Vanrhyndsdorp,

Calvinia and Ceres. The flowering period is from May

to September and the colour is described as blue, pale

blue, pale mauve or white. Seems to grow mostly in

sandy soils and dry water-courses. According to

Schenk the flowers are scented.

S.W.A. — Liideritz : Gt. Tigerberg, Kinges 2652;

Farm Augustfelde, Giess & Van Vuuren 605; Aus,

Dimer 3994, partly; Merxmiiller & Giess 2903; Buchu-

berg, Dinter 6510; Garub, Range 507, partly; Kling-

hardt Mts., Schaefer 515; Orange River, Steingroever

1 ; between Aus and the Orange River, Schenk 338.

Cape. — Calvinia : between Elandsvlei and Die Bos,

Barker 8293. Ceres : Gydouw Pass, Hutchinson 1061 ;

Tanqua Karoo, Compton 7254; Gansfontein, Comp-

ton 5571. Gordonia : near Kakamas, Barker 8328;

Lewis 4973; Van der Schijjf & Schweickerdt 5703.

Kenhardt : Leistner 2309; Acocks 16505; Jagbult,

Acocks 12661. Namaqualand : Koisabies, M. Schlech-

ter 82; Goodhouse, Marloth 13239; Springbok, Salter

3783; O’okiep, Lewis 5521. Prieska : Schlieben 8795;

Pearson 9870. Vanrhynsdorp : Lariep, Leipoldt 3930;

Bitterfontein, Zeyher 42.

O.E. Schulz, in Bot. Archiv 31 (1931), in writing

up the Berlin and part of the Kew collections of

Heliophila deals on pp. 526-529 with what he calls

the Heliophila deserticola group. He retains H.

deserticola for plants in which the petals and the

lateral filaments have appendages; the plants which

are without appendages, he puts into H. edentula

O.E. Schulz. In both species he recognises several

varieties or “races”.

Since many of the Berlin specimens cited by

Schulz have apparently been destroyed, the assigna-

tion of his species and subspecific taxa into synonymy

is not straightforward. It is also complicated by the

fact that Schulz confused what I regard as 3 distinct

species.

The specimens cited by Schulz, which I have seen,

belong as follows (Schulz’s identifications in brackets):

H. deserticola Schltr. : Drege 7575, Marloth 11128,

Schlechter 82, Dinter 4085 (all as H. deserticola)-,

Schaefer 515 (77. edentula)-, Steingroever 1 (77.

edentula prol. micrantha).

H. minima (Stephens) Marais: Dinter 3727

(H. deserticola); Dinter 923 (77. edentula prol. macro-

spenna); Pearson 7869; Pearson 9007 (77. pearsonii);

Range 507, p.p. ( H. pearsonii var. prageri).

H. trifurca Burch, ex DC. : Drege 7569, Schlechter

11416 (77. edentula); Blank 34 (77. edentula prol.

macrosperma).

12. Heliophila seselifolia Burch, ex DC.,

Syst. 2 : 684 (1821). Lectotype : Sutherland,

Burchell 1318 (K, lecto.!).

Annual herbs up to 35 cm high, unlran-

ched or several- to many-stemmed, the

stems erect or decumbent; glabrous, glau-

cous. Leaves 1-5-5 -5 cm long, mostly

crowded near the base, 3-11-lobed, fre-

quently with 2-4 pairs of lobes close together

from the base of the leaf and the upper lobes

pinnately arranged; lobes linear or filiform.

Racemes terminal, few- to many-flowered,

lax. Pedicels 0-7-1 -5 cm long in flower,

slender, erect; 1-2 cm long in fruit, spreading

or recurved. Sepals 2-3-4 mm long, 1-1-8

mm broad, narrowly oblong, the outer 2

weakly cucullate; the inner 2 slightly saccate

and with a broad membranous margin.

Petals 3-10 mm long, 2 -3-5 -6 mm broad,

obovate, rounded, clawed, without or with a

small appendage on one side of the claw.

Filaments 2-3 mm and 2 -2-3 -3 mm long, the

short ones sometimes with a large appendage.

Anthers 0-7-1 -8 mm long. Ovary linear-

oblong; style short; stigma capitate; ovules

1 2-27 . Fruits 1 • 3-3 • 5 cm long, 1 • 5-3 • 7 mm

broad, linear or linear-oblong with straight

margins; valves 1 -nerved, reticulately veined,

flat, in one variety strongly bulged by the

seeds; style 0-5-2 -5 mm long. Seeds circular,

narrowly winged.

An insufficiently known species of which the

varieties appear to be distinct. Extending from

Namaquland southwards to Clanwilliam and east-

wards to Sutherland and Laingsburg. Winter and

spring flowering; flowers white, sometimes fading

pink. Three varieties are recognized.

Short filaments each with a large appendage

(a) var. seselifolia

Short filaments without appendages:

Fruits 1-5-2 -2 mm broad, the valves strongly

bulged over the seeds when fully ripe

(b) var. nigellifolia

Fruits 3-3-7 mm broad, the valves flat

(c) var. marlothii

(a) var. seselifolia.

Marais in Bothalia 8 : 166 (1964).

77. seselifolia Burch, ex DC., Syst. 2 : 684 (1821);

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 233 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 46 (1860).

Cruciferae

33

Petals each with a small appendage; each

of the 2 short filaments with a large ap-

pendage; fruit 1 -5-2 mm broad.

Cape. — Calvinia : Schmidt 147; 300; 319; Brand-

vlei, Johannssen sub SAM 29115; Loeriesfontein

Road, Johnson 590; Hantams River, Lewis 4194.

Laingsburg: Whitehill, Compton 5594. Namaqualand:

O’okiep, Acocks 19339; between Koussie River and

Silverfontein, Drege; Springbok, Compton 22026.

Sutherland : Acocks 17003; Marloth 9797; Jakhals-

fontein, Bitrchell 1318.

(b) var. nigellifolia ( Schltr .) Marais in

Bothalia 8 : 167 (1964). Type : Namaqua-

land, Schlechter 11229 (B. holo.!).

H. nigellifolia Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 49 : 416 (1913).

Petals without appendages or with a

small appendage; filaments always without

appendages; fruits 1-5-2 -2 mm broad;

valves undulate and more or less inflated

over the seeds. Fig. 3:1.

Cape. — Ceres : Swartruggens, Marais 1401 ;

Suurvlakte, Marais 1422. Clanwilliam : Eselbank,

Schlechter 8811. Namaqualand : Kamiesberg,

Pearson 6688; Sneeukop, Hutchinson 867; Leliefon-

tein, Leipoldt 3913; Schweickerdt 2551; Salter 1509;

Aus, Schlechter 11229. Vanrhynsdorp : Sout River,

Schlechter 8111.

(c) var. marlothii ( O.E . Schulz) Marais in

Bothalia 8 : 167 (1964). Lectotype Suther-

land, Marloth 9904 (PRE, lecto.!).

H. marlothii O.E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 533

(1931).

Petals and filaments without appendages ;

fruits 3-3-7 mm broad; seeds 2 -4-2 -5 mm in

diameter. Fig. 3 : 2.

Cape. — Sutherland : Theronsrus, Acocks 17795;

Uitkyk, Marloth 9904.

Schulz also cited Marloth 10405 as H. marlothii.

The broad fruit on the Berlin sheet agrees with this

variety, but the Berlin, Pretoria and Stellenbosch

sheets all have petals with small, and filaments with

large, appendages which characters agree with var.

seselifolia.

Acocks 14421 from Calvinia, and Gill 62 from

Richmond district are closely related to H. seselifolia,

but are distinguished by their 3 -5-4 -8 mm broad

fruits with seeds in 2 rows, 1 • 9-2 mm in diameter ;

the ovules vary from 36-48. Elaving the seeds in 2

distinct rows is not very common in Heliophila, and

I hesitate to name these plants until more material

becomes available.

13. Heliophila variabilis Burch, ex DC.,

Syst. 2 : 683 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 214 (1846); F.C. 1 : 41

(1860). Type : Ceres, Juk River, Bitrchell

1249 (K!).

H.foeniculacea R.Br. in Ait. f., Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4 :

100 (1812), partly, as to spec. 1 & 2 on sheet “Hort.

Kew. 1775” in BM. H. variabilis var. tenuifolia Sond.

in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 215 (1846); F.C. 1 :

41 (1860). Type : Namaqualand, Kaus Mts ., Drege

(K!). H. monticola Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 216 (1846); F.C. 1 : 41 (1860). Type ;

Vanrhynsdorp, Mierenkasteel, Drege (Kl; NBG-

SAM1). H. carifolia Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 49 : 411

(1913). Type ; Clanwilliam, Brakfontein, Schlechter

10788 (B, holo.!).

Annual herbs, simple or branched, the

branches spreading, 10-35 cm high, bright

green; all vegetative parts finely papillate-

puberulous or glandular-puberulous, the

papillae often clavate, rarely subglabrous.

Leaves up to 7 cm long, pinnatipartite with

1-3 pairs of remote, filiform or linear lobes;

each leaf subtended by 2 minute subulate-

filiform stipules. Racemes several- to many-

flowered, lax, becoming very lax in fruit.

Sepals 2 • 5-5 • 5 mm long, 0 • 9-1 • 5 mm broad,

narrowly oblong to oblanceolate-oblong,

glandular-puberulous when young; the outer

2 cucullate; the inner 2 saccate and with a

broad membranous margin. Petals 4-11 mm

long, 2-7 mm broad, obovate or oblong-

obovate, rounded, clawed, usually without,

but sometimes with a very small appendage

or papillose ridge on one side of the claw.

Filaments 2-3-5 mm and 2 -4-3 -8 mm long,

the 2 short ones mostly with a small append-

age, occasionally without. Anthers 0-8-1 -8

mm long. Ovary linear; style short; stigma

large, capitate; ovules 16-26. Fruits 2-4 cm

long, 2-2-8 mm broad, moniliform or sub-

moniliform, linear; valves flat, 1-nerved,

glabrous or glandular-puberulous, especially

when young; style 0-5-1 -8 mm long. Seeds

1 • 5-2 mm in diameter, subcircular, flat,

narrowly winged. Fig. 4:1.

Widespread from the Richtersveld to Clanwilliam

and inland as far as Laingsburg. Usually found in

very dry, hot, sandy, often hilly country. An early

spring-flowering species. The flowers are white,

drying lilac, pink or mauve.

Cape. — Calvinia : Wolwe Graafwater, Acocks

18998. Ceres : Juk River, Burchell 1249. Clan-

william : Brakfontein, Schlechter 10788; Koudeberg,

Schlechter 87 17 ; Alpha, Compton 10936. Laingsburg :

34

Cruciferae

Whitehill, Compton 11235. Namaqualand : Kalk-

fontein, Marloth 12266; Kubus, Marloth 12361;

Steinkopf, Salter 5559; Kaus Mts., Drege; Springbok,

Salter 916; Leistner 2530; Compton 22042; Kamies-

kroon, Esterhuysen 5740; Garies, Pearson 6480.

Vanrhynsdorp : Mierenkasteel, Drege; Klaver,

Andreae 459; Compton 20719; Bitterfontein, Ester-

huysen 5301.

There is considerable variation in the size of the

flowers, bat it does not appear to be correlated with

any other character.

14. Heliophila minima ( Stephens ) Marais

in Bothalia 8 : 166 (1964); Schreiber in

F.S.W.A. 48 : 7 (1966). Type : S.W.A.,

Schakalskuppe, Pearson 4791 (K!).

Cleome minima Stephens in Ann. S. Afr. Mus.

9:35 (1912).

H. pearsonii O. E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 528

(1931). Syntypes : Karasberg, Pearson 7869 (B! ;

BOL!; K!); Pearson 9007 (BOL!; K!). var.

prageri O. E. Schulz, l.c. (1931), as to Range 507. H.

edentula prol. macrosperma O. E. Schulz, l.c. (1931),

partly as to Dinter 923. H. deserticola sensu O. E.

Schulz, l.c. : 526 (1931), partly, as to Dinter 3727.

? H. deserticola var. rangei O. E. Schulz, l.c. 527

(1931). Type : Range 1771. H. suavissima var. velu-

tina O. E. Schulz, l.c: 541 (1931). Type : Zeyher 43

(K!). var. incana Sond. in F. C. 1 : 49 (1860).

Type : Springbokkeel, Zeyher 1900. H. smithii

O. E. Schulz in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berk 11 : 227

(1931). Type : Smith 4420 (Bl; PRE!). H. pearsonii

var. edentata Hainz in Mitt. Bot. Staatss. Miinchen

2, 11 : 39 (1954). Type : Rehoboth, Walter 1788

(M, nolo.!).

Annual or perennial herbs 5-60 cm high,

erect, usually much branched; basal part of

stem and young shoots puberulous or shortly

hairy. Leaves 2-12 cm long, 0-5-1 -5 mm

broad, linear or linear-filiform, simple or

2-3-fid, often glaucous, puberulous or shortly

hairy on the upper surface; each subtended

by 2 minute, filiform, caducous stipules.

Racemes lax, elongating in fruit. Pedicels

glabrous or sparsely puberulous, in flower

0-8-1 -2 cm long, erect; in fruit 1-2 cm long,

spreading or recurved; with 2 minute bracts

similar to the stipules. Sepals 3 -8-5 -5 mm

long, 1-2-1 -8 mm broad, narrowly oblong,

semi-persistent; the outer 2 cucullate, some-

times thickened at the apex, with a mem-

branous margin; inner 2 saccate, with a

broad membranous margin. Petals 6-8-8 mm

long, 1-2-4 -5 mm broad, mostly narrowly

elliptic but sometimes obovate, clawed, sub-

acute or rounded, without or with a small

appendage. Filaments 3 • 4-4 • 1 mm and 4-4 • 5

mm long; the short ones mostly with an

appendage, sometimes without; the long ones

papillate or smooth. Anthers 1 • 5-2 • 5 mm

long. Ovary linear-oblong with a large,

capitate stigma; ovules 20-42 (rarely more).

Fruits 2-5-9 cm long, 2-4 mm broad, pen-

dulous or spreading, linear, with straight

margins; valves flat, 1 -nerved; style 1-6-5

mm long (usually 3-4 mm), straight, the

stigma wider than the style. Seeds 1-5-2 -5

mm in diameter, subcircular, narrowly

winged. Fig. 3 : 5.

Extending from the southern parts of South West

Africa through the northern Cape into the Free

State. Usually found on sandy soils. Flowering seems

to be entirely dependent on rain, but the main period

is from August to September, with a second flush in

April and May. The flowers are variously described

as pale mauve, pale lilac, pale purple, pale blue or

white. According to Acocks the flowers are sweetly

scented.

S.W.A. — Keetmanshoop : Great Karasberg, Pear-

son 7868; 7869; Klein Karas, Dinter 4848. Liideritz :

Kuckaus-Gubub, Dinter 3727] Landsberg, Kinges

2132; Schakalskuppe, Pearson 4791. Rehoboth :

Namibgrens, Walter 1788; Nauchas, Pearson 9007.

Cape. — Gordonia : Kalahari Gemsbok Park,

Leistner 1883; Upington, Acocks 18804. Herbert :

Lovedale, Acocks 358; Eureka, Acocks 8751. Kim-

berley : Leistner 2272; 836. Postmasburg : Beeshoek

Leister & Joynt 2703; 2790.

O.F.S. — Bloemfontein : Bestersput, Acocks 8476.

Boshof : Thornburton, Burtt Davy 10816. Faure-

smith : Samar, Smith 4420.

15. Heliophila crithmifolia Willd., Enum.

PI. Hort. Berol. 2 : 682 (1809); DC., Syst.

2 : 689 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 228 (1846); F.C. 1 : 44 (1860);

Schreiber in F.S.W.A. 48 : 6 (1966). Type :

not indicated.

H . foeniculacea R.Br. in Ait.f., Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4 :

100 (1812), partly, as to spec. 3 & 4 on sheet “Hort.

Kew. 1775” in BM. H. abrotanifolia Banks ex DC.,

l.c. 690 (1821), partly, as to descr. of fruit and seed,

and as to left-hand fruiting specimen on Masson

s.n. in BM. H. chamaemeli folia Burch, ex DC., l.c.

689 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 229

(1846); F.C. 1 : 44 (1860). Type : Ceres, Burchell 1226

(K !). LI. crithmifolia var. parviflora Burch, ex DC.,

l.c. (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 228

(1846); F.C. 1 : 44(1860). Type : Ceres, Burchell 1236

(K !). H. seselifolia sensu Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. No.

81 (1834-35). H. foeniculacea sensu Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 230 (1846); F.C. 1 : 45

(1860), partly, as to Ecklon & Zeyher No. 81. H.

crithmifolia var. laevis Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 228 (1846); F.C. 1 : 44 (1860). Type :

Namaqualand, Drege (K!). H. arabidea Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 27 : 133 (1899). Type : Clanwilliam, Schlechter

8724 (B!). II. chamaemeli folia f. grandiflora O.E.

Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 538 (1931). Type : Nieu-

woudtvillc, Leipoldt sub BOL 9394 (K!).

Cruciflrae

35

Fig. 4. — 1, Heliophila variabilis, habit, X | ( Leistner 2530); la, fruit, X 2 (Esterhuysen 5820); lb, seed, x 8

(Leistner 2530). 2a, H. trifurca, fruit, X 2 ( Ferrar 5672); 2b seed, X 6 ( Bryant 75). 3a, H. latisili ua var.

macrostylis, fruit, X ( Acocks 19549); 3b, seed, X 3 ( Drege ). 4a, H. crithmifolia, fruit, X 2 (A cocks

16425); 4b, seed, X 8 {Esterhuysen 5356).

36

Cruciferae

Lunaria elongata Thunb., Prodr. 107 (1800), partly,

as to lower specimen on Thunberg Herb. No. 14957.

Farsetia elongata (Thunb.) Desv. in J. Bot. Paris 3 :

173 (1814), as to basionym, partly.

Sisymbrium crithmifolium (Willd.) Roth, Nov. PI.

Sp. 325 (1821).

Erect annual herbs, sometimes with

spreading branches; indumentum variable,

usually ± pilose, dense or sparse in lower

half, the upper part less hairy or merely

puberulous; occasionally completely glab-

rous. Leaves 3-12 cm long, pinnately lobed

with 1-6 pairs of lobes; lobes short or up to

5 cm long, broadly linear to filiform, ±

fleshy; each leaf subtended by 2 minute

stipules. Racemes lax, elongate, few- to many-

flowered. Pedicels subtended by 2 minute

bracts; in flower 0-8-2 -6 cm long; in fruit

1 -3-3 cm long, reflexed or spreading. Sepals

3-4-5 mm long, 1-1-5 mm broad, oblanceo-

late-oblong to oblong, semi-persistent; outer

2 slightly to strongly cucullate; inner 2

saccate, with broad membranous margins.

Petals 4-7 (-10) mm long, 1-5-3 -8 (-6) mm

broad, elliptic to obovate, without or with

small appendages. Filaments 3-4 mm and

3 -3-4 -5 mm long, the 2 short ones with or

without appendages. Anthers 0-8-1 -4 (-1-8)

mm long. Ovary linear to oblong; style short,

stout; stigma capitate; ovules 20-42. Fruits

1-5-6 cm long, 2-4-5 mm broad, linear or

linear-oblong with straight margins; valves

flat, 1 -nerved, reticulately veined; style 0-5-2

(-3) mm long, stout. Seeds 1-9-3 -5 mm in

diameter, subcircular, narrowly to broadly

winged with a deep, narrow sinus. Fig. 4 : 4.

Widespread from southern South West Africa to

Piketberg and Caledon, into the Karoo as far as

Murraysburg. Recorded once from Fauresmith.

Frequently found on sand, but also on dolerite, shale

and quartzite hils. The flowering period is from June

to September, and the flowers are described as violet

turning white, white turning pink, mauve, pink,

white, purple, and white backed with mauve.

S.W.A. — Bethanie : Tiras, Merxmiilier & Giess 2840,

partly. Liideritz : Aus, Giess & Van Vunren 919;

Merxmiilier & Giess 2941 ; Dinter 3794, partly.

Cape. — Beaufort West : Nelspoort, Acocks 15876.

Caledon : Sondereinde River, Zeyher sub PRE 23223.

Ceres : Juk River, Burchell 1236; Ongeluks River,

Burcbell 1226; Gydouw, Leipoldt 3908; Swartruggens,

Marais 1402. Clanwilliam : Bolus 8926; Ecklon &

Zeyher 81; Agtertuin, Sclilecliter 10865; Koudeberg,

Schlechter 8724. Fraserburg : Burchell 1391; 1415;

Acocks 16901. L.aingsburg : Acocks 20508; Compton

7253; Whitehall, Compton 2850. Murraysburg :

Tyson 428. Namaqualand : Springbok, Acocks 19327 ;

Silverfontein, Drege; between Silverfontein and Kook-

fontein, Drege; Misklip, Barker 1141. Piketberg :

Esterhuysen 5513; Porterville, Schlechter 10745.

Robertson : Barker 5387. Sutherland : Verlatenkloof,

Theron 1296; Koedoes Mts., Barker 6796. Tulbagh :

Hutchinson 373. Vanrhynsdorp : Mierenkasteel,

Drege; Sandkraal, Acocks 14851; Steyn 426;

Vanrhyns Pass, Esterhuysen 5278. Victoria West :

Acocks 16425; Thode 1879. Worcester : Orchard

Siding, Rogers 16502.

O.F.S. — Fauresmith : Smith 4434.

The majority of the specimens fall into two fairly

distinct groups. The one group has the petals and

filaments without appendages, larger, more broadly

winged seeds, and the valves of the fruits, on turning

brown-purple, have a median green stripe. These

are mostly from further inland, from the Great

Karoo to South West Africa. In the second group,

the short filaments are appendaged, but the petals can

be with or without. When coloured, the valves are

generally evenly coloured. This group occurs mainly

near the coast, to the west and south-west of the other

group, but the two forms meet and grade into each

other in the Ceres, Calvinia and Namaqualand dis-

tricts.

H. chamaemelifolia f. grandiflora O.E. Schulz

differs only in the considerably bigger flowers (meas-

urements in brackets in description). The only other

specimens which agree with it are Johanssen sub

SAM 29114, also from Calvinia, and Marais 1442a

from Clanwilliam.

Merxmiilier & Giess 3171 from the farm Swart-

punt, Liideritz, is probably a hybrid between H.

crithmifolia and H. deserticola. It agrees with H.

crithmifolia in the small lilac flowers with the petals

and sepals persisting round the developing ovary. The

fruiting style is also more like that of H. crithmifolia,

but the plants are glabrous, exstipulate and ebracteate,

and have narrow fruits with narrowly winged seeds

with shallow sinuses like H. deserticola.

The other few glabrous specimens Dinter 3699

and 3799 from Aus may, in view of Merxmiilier &

Giess 3171, not be pure H. crithmifolia.

16. Heliophila trifurca Burch, ex DC.,

Syst. -2 : 688 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 235 (1846); F.C. 1 : 46

(1860); Schreiber in F.S.W.A. 48 ; 7 (1966).

Type : Burchell 1487 (K!).

H. edentula O.E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 527

(1931), partly as to Drege 7569 and Schlechter 11416.

H. edentula prol. macrosperma O.E. Schulz, l.c. 528

(1931), partly, as to Blank 34. 1H. deserticola var.

umbrosa O.E. Schulz, l.c. 527 (1931). Type : Schaefer

186.

Robust annual herbs up to 60 cm high,

glabrous, glaucous. Leaves 3-5-12 cm long,

0-8-2 -5 mm broad, linear, simple or up to

5-lobed, exstipulate or with 2 minute ca-

ducous stipules. Racemes terminal, lax.

CRUCIFERAli

37

Pedicels ebracteate or subtended by 2 minute

caducous bracts; in flower 0-8-1 -6 cm

long; in fruit 1-2-3 cm long, spreading or

recurved-spreading. Sepals 4- 5-5-3 mm long,

1-5-2 mm broad; the outer 2 cucullate,

thickened at the tip; inner 2 saccate, with a

broad membranous margin. Petals 5 -5-8 -5

mm long, 3 -2-5 -5 mm broad, obovate or

broadly obovate, rounded, shortly clawed.

Filaments 2-9-4 mm and 3 -3-4 -8 mm long.

Anthers 2-2-8 mm long. Ovary linear to

oblong; stigma large, capitate; ovules 20-44.

Fruits 2—5 - 5 cm long, 2 -5-4 -2 mm broad,

spreading or pendulous, linear or linear-

oblong, the margins straight; valves flat,

1- nerved, finely reticulately veined; style 1-6

mm long, straight or slightly clavate. Seeds

2- 3-5 mm in diameter, subcircular, broadly

winged with a deep, narrow sinus. Fig. 4 : 2.

Extends from southern South West Africa

through the northern Cape to Laingsburg. Notes

indicate sandy or coarse stony soil, dry riverbeds, or

among rocks on koppies as the usual habitat. The

flowering period is from March to September. The

flowers are white, blue, mauve, lilac or violet; ac-

cording to Acocks they are clove- scented.

S.W.A. — Keetmanshoop : Aroab to Koes, De

Winter 3456. Liideritz : Klein Aus, Kinges 4466;

Klein Karas, Dinter 4876; Aus, Dinter 6077.

Cape. — Douglas : Orpen 2. Fraserburg : Dwaal

River Poort, Burchett 1487. Gordonia : Kakamas,

Lewis 206. Herbert : Norfolk, Acocks 8780. Ken-

hardt : Schlieben 8904; Gannapoort, Leistner 2406;

Letterkop, Wasserfall 1087. Laingsburg : Goeldner

sub STE 10701. Namaqualand : Goodhouse, Lewis

3119; 3120; Leistner 2595; Grootderm, Hall 768.

Prieska : Bryant 75; 116.

17. Heliophila latisiliqua E. Mey. ex

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 224

(1846). Type : Ceres, Drege 585 (B!).

Annual herbs up to 90 cm high, un-

branched in the lower part or with several

erect or ascending stems. Leaves 1-10 cm

long, pinnately lobed with 3-5 pairs of lobes;

lobes short or long, linear or filiform, entire

or rarely lobed again; minutely stipulate;

sparsely to densely hairy, especially on the

upper surface. Racemes lax. Pedicels shortly

pubescent when young, minutely stipulate;

1-2 cm long in flower; 1 -5-3-5 cm long in

fruit, recurved or recurved-spreading. Sepals

3-5-5 mm long, 1-3-2 mm broad, narrowly

oblong, semi-persistent; the outer 2 cucullate;

the inner 2 saccate. Petals 5-5-10 mm long,

3-7-5 mm broad, obovate or obovate-

circular, usually with an appendage, rarely

without. Filaments 2 -8-3 -5 mm and 3-3-

3-8 mm long, the short ones usually with an

appendage. Ovary narrowly oblong with a

short, stout style and capitate stigma; in one

variety the style becoming swollen in the

young developing ovary; ovules (5-)8-18.

Fruits 2 -3-5 -5 cm long, 4-5-9 mm broad,

oblong or linear-oblong with straight mar-

gins; valves flat, 1-nerved; style 1-5-5 mm

long, stout, tapering or thick, cylindrical.

Seeds 3 - 5—5 - 8 mm in diameter, sub-circular

with a broad wing and a deep narrow sinus.

One variety confined to northern Namaqualand,

the other extending from the Hex River Mts. to Cal-

vinia. A late winter and early spring flowering

species with white, pale blue, pale mauve or pink

flowers.

Plants usually branched from the base, the leaves

mostly radical; leaf-lobes 0-2-2 cm long;

sepals 4-5 mm long; petals 6-10 X 4-7-5

mm; filaments 2-8-3 mm and 3 -3-3 -6 mm

long; anthers 1-6-2 mm; ovules (5-) 8-14

(a) var. latisiliqua

Plants usually unbranched in the lower part with

leafy stems; leaf-lobes 2 - 5—4 cm long; sepals

3-5-4 mm long; petals 5-5-7 x 3-3-8 mm;

filaments 3 -3-3 -5 mm and 3 -6-3 -8 mm

long; anthers 1-3-1 -5 mm; ovules 12-18

(b) var. macrostylis

(a) var. latisiliqua.

Marais in Bothalia 9 : 98 (1966).

H. latisiliqua E. Mey. ex Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 224 (1846); F.C. 1 : 43 (I860).

Type : Ceres, Drege 585 (Bl). If. thunbergii (Eckl. &

Zeyh.) Steud., Norn. ed. 2, 1 : 743 (1841). H. pinnati-

secta Phill. in Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 9 : 112(191 3). Type :

Gif berg, Phillips 7580 (SAM !).

Lunaria elongata sensu Thunb., Prodr. 107 (1800),

non H. elongata (Thunb.) DC. Type : Thunberg Herb.

No. 14957, partly.

Carpopodium thunbergii Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 13,

No. 103 (1834-5), nom. illegit.

Several-stemmed herbs with erect or

procumbent stems up to 35 cm high. Leaves

1-5 cm long, the lobes 0-2-2 cm long. The

flowers are bigger than those of var. macro-

stylis but, though the filaments are shorter,

the anthers are longer.

Cape. — Calvinia : Nieuwoudtville, Lewis 3126;

Barker 6A16\ 9369; Willems River, Schlechter 10973;

Lokenburg, Acocks 17072. Ceres : Between Hex

River Mts. and Bokkeveld, Drege 585; Eselsfontein,

Esterhuysen 20340. Clanwilliam : Pakhuisberg,

Schlechter 8603; Nortier Reserve, Leipoldt 4413.

38

Cruciferae

Vanrhynsdorp : Gifberg, Phillips 7580; 5104; Ester-

! my sen 22005; Vanrhyns Pass, Hutchinson 776;

Esterhuysen 5989; Compton 11434. Worcester : Over

Hex, Barker 5383.

(b) var. macrostylis (E. Mey. ex Sond.)

Marais in Bothalia 9 : 98 (1966). Type :

Namaqualand, Drege (K!).

H. macrostylis E. Mey. ex Sond. in Abh. Ges-

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 225 (1846); F.C. 1 : 43 (1860).

Stout erect herbs up to 90 cm high

usually with a single, leafy stem. Leaves up

to 10 cm long, the lobes 2-5-4 cm long.

The flowers are small, but the filaments are

proportionately much longer than those of

var. latisiliqua. Fig. 4:3.

Cape. — Namaqualand : Richtersveld, Rooiberg II,

Middlemost 2143; Nababeep, Maguire 1021; Stein-

kopf, Tierkloof, Van Breda 1358; Misklip, Compton

11302; Springbok, Acocks 19549; O’okiep, Acocks

19343; between Silverfontein and Koperberg, Drege,

Vogelklip, Schlechter 11303.

18. Heliophila pinnata L.f, Suppl. 297

(1781). Type : Thunberg (LINN 840-11,

holo.!).

H. trifida Tbunb., Prodr. 108 (1800), nom. illegit,

non auct. H. exilis Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 27 : 113

(1899). Type : Clanwilliam, Schlechter 8636 (B !).

H. oreophila Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 49 : 416 (1913).

Type : Calvinia, Schlechter 10951 (B !). H. clavuligera

O.E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 531 (1931). Type :

Tulbagh, Schlechter 390 (B!).

Leptormus trifidus (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum.

9, No. 64 (1834-5), as to basionym.

Ormiscus pinnatus (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 10,

No. 68 (1834—5), as to basionym.

Slender, erect, wiry, dark-stemmed herbs

5-20 cm high, simple or much branched.

Stem and branches minutely pulverulent or

puberulous. Leaves up to 3-5 cm long,

simple or 3 (-5)-lobed, linear or filiform, the

upper surface minutely puberulous, sub-

tended by 2 minute stipules. Racemes lax,

few- to many-flowered. Pedicels subtended by

2 minute stipules, finely puberulous; in

flower 0-3-1 cm long; in fruit 0-5-2 cm

long, erect-spreading or ± recurved: Sepals

1 • 8-3 mm long, 0 • 7-1 • 5 mm broad, narrowly

oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate, semi-

persistent; the outer 2 slightly cucullate;

the inner 2 slightly saccate. Petals 2-5-6 mm

long, 1-2-4 mm broad, oblong-obovate to

obovate-circular, clawed; without or with a

very small appendage. Filaments 1 • 3-2 mm

and 1 • 7-2 • 4 mm long. Anthers 0 • 3-1 • 1 mm

long, drying bluish-grey. Ovary linear-

oblong, glabrous or puberulous; ovules 4-8,

rarely 9. Fruits 0 • 7-3 cm long, 1 ■ 2-2 mm

broad, moniliform, the “beads” contiguous

or separated by narrow waists; valves 1-

nerved, smooth or puberulous; style 1-2-5

mm long, slender or stout, straight-sided or

clavate. Seeds 1-3-1 -6 X 1-1*3 mm when

fully ripe, oblong or subcircular, narrowly

margined. Fig. 3 : 6.

Confined to the mountainous area from Laings-

burg and the Hex River Mts. northwards to the

Gifberg and Calvinia district.

Cape. — Calvinia : Oorlogskloof, Schlechter 10951;

Lokenburg, Acocks 17028; Nieuwoudtville, Barker

9355; Lewis 3123. Ceres : Rogers 28708; De Keur,

Esterhuysen 13003; Leeu River Drift, Compton 17357;

Gydo, Leipoldt 3950. Clanwilliam : Pakhuis Mt.,

Schlechter 8636; Brandewyns River, Barker 4738.

Laingsburg : Whitehall, Compton 15164. Tulbagh :

Between Ceres Road and Mostertshoek, Schlechter

390. Vanrhynsdorp : Vanrhyns Pass, Esterhuysen

5276; Gifberg, Phillips 7571. Worcester : Hex River

Valley, Tyson 731.

The flowers always seem to be coloured, although

Schlechter described the flowers of H. exilis as “white,

afterwards violet.” Collectors mostly describe them

as blue, mauve or violet.

19. Heliophila pusilla L.f., Suppl. 297

(1781). Type : Thunberg (LINN 840-4!).

Annual herbs, slender and wiry or soft

and flaccid, simple or much-branched, erect

or procumbent, glabrous. Leaves 0 • 5-3 • 5 cm

long, 0-3-1 -3 (-3-5) mm broad, filiform or

linear to oblanceolate, entire, acute. Racemes

dense in flower, lax in fruit. Pedicels 0-3-1

cm long in flower, slender, erect; 0-4-1 -2

cm long in fruit, ± ascending, horizontally

spreading or ± deflexed. Sepals 1- 4-2-1

mm long, 0-6-1 -3 mm broad, oblong

to ovate; the outer 2 cucullate, the

inner 2 ± saccate. Petals 2-6 mm long,

1-2-2 -7 mm broad, obovate, clawed, roun-

ded, with or without an appendage. Fila-

ments 1-1 • 9 mm and 1 • 5-2-2 mm long, subu-

late, without appendages or the 2 short ones

papillate at the base. Anthers 0-4-0 -8 mm

long, sometimes drying bluish. Ovary linear

or linear-oblong, style short or long; stigma

capitate; ovules 3-12. Fruits 0-5-1 -8 cm

long, 0-9-2 mm broad, moniliform or the

margin straight, the “beads” continuous or

Cruciferae

39

separated by narrow waists; valves flat, 1-3-

nerved; style 0-4-2 -3 mm long, ± conical

or cylindrical, filiform or i clavate. Seeds

broadly oblong to subcircular, narrowly

margined.

The typical variety is fairly widespread from the

Piketberg and Ceres districts to Swellcndam. The

other varieties are much more localised.

Fruits with the margins straight or nearly so;

flowers pinkish or mauve; seeds 0-8-1 x

1-1 • 1 mm, subcircular (c) var. setacea

Fruits moniliform; flowers white:

Lateral filaments papillate at the base; petals

with large papillate appendages; fruits

1-5-2 mm broad; seeds 1-2-1 -4 mm in

diameter (b) var. macrosperma

Lateral filaments without appendages nor

papillate at the base; petals without or

with a smaller appendage; fruits 0-9-1 -5

mm broad :

Slender and wiry or fairly robust plants;

fruiting styles 0-4-1 -3 mm long; seeds

0-8-1 -1 x 0-7-0 -9 mm; ovules 6-12

(a) var. pusilla

Slender, flaccid, pale green plants; fruiting

styles 0-5 mm long; seeds 1-5x1 mm;

ovules 6-8 (d) var. lanceolata

(a) var. pusilla.

Marais in Bothalia 9 : 99 (1966).

H. pusilla L.f., Suppl. 297 (1781); Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 210 (1846); F.C. 1 : 40

(1860); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 414 (1950).

Type : Thunberg (LINN 840-4!). H. divaricata Banks

ex DC., Syst. 2 : 687 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 236 (1846); F.C. 1 : 46 (1860).

Type : Masson s.n. (BM, holo.!). H. tenuisiliqua

DC., Syst. 2 : 680 (1821). Type : Burmann in Herb.

Delessert (G, holo. !).

Ormiscus pusilhis (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh., F.num. 9,

No. 66 (1834—5). O. tenuisiliqua (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh.,

l.c. No. 67 (1834-5).

This variety includes two forms. The

first comprises the very slender, delicate

annuals with small flowers, the petals mostly

without appendages. The second group,

which includes H. divaricata Banks ex DC.,

has bigger flowers, the petals usually ap-

pendaged, the plants soft or somewhat

woody at the base, the branches sometimes

rooting. Fig. 3 : 7.

The flowering period is from August to October.

The distribution ranges from Piketberg to Swellen-

dam and inland to Ceres.

Cape. — Bredasdorp : Compton 9040; Potteberg,

Esterhuysen 23201; Brandfontein, Esterhuysen 19074.

Caledon : Between Villiersdorp and Viljoen’s Pass,

Esterhuysen sub BOL 27368. Ceres : Gydouw,

47631-4

Leipoldt 3948; De Keur, Esterhuysen 13002. Malmes-

bury : Darling, Gillett 2089; Kalabaskraal, Compton

14977. Paarl : Berg River, Drege 7554a; French

Hoek, Gillett 4139. Peninsula : Cape Town, Marloth

1736; Schlechter 1308; Wynberg, Schlechter 1062;

Camps Bay, MacOwan sub Herb. Norm. Austro-

Afric. 199; Letty 203; Bellville, Rogers 16351.

Piketberg : Kapteinskloof, Van Niekerk 631.

Stellenbosch : Ecklon 66; Gar side 408. Swellendam :

National Bontebok Park, Liebenberg 6393. Wor-

cester : Brandwacht, Esterhuysen 8202; Romans

River, Compton 11655.

Also established in parts of Australia.

(b) var. macrosperma Marais in Bothalia

9 : 100 (1966). Type : Stellenbosch, Prior

s.n. (K!).

Differs from the typical variety in the

larger flowers (petals 3-5-6 x 2-2-7 mm),

the papillate lateral filaments, the long style

of the ovary and the fewer ovules, 3-8, usually

4. Fruits 1-1 • 5 cm X 1 • 5-2 mm, the “beads”

mostly separated by narrow waists, the style

1-1-5 mm long. Fig. 3 : 8.

Cape. — Paarl : De Hoek, Saron, Barker 5838.

Wellington : Compton 11624. Stellenbosch : Prior

s.n.; Golf Course, Strey 665; Faure, Parker 3973;

Vanderstel, Smith 3207. Without exact locality ;

Between Paarl and Pont Drege 7555.

(c) var. setacea ( Schltr .) Marais in

Bothalia 9 : 100 (1966) Type : Clanwilliam,

Olifants River, Schlechter 4992 (B!).

H. setacea Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 49 : 417 (1913)

Slender wiry herbs, often dark-stemmed.

Flowers pink or mauve, the petals 3-4-3 mm

long, each with a conspicuous papillate ap-

pendage. Differs from var. macrosperma in

the straight-sided fruits and in the lateral

filaments being smooth at the base.

Cape. — Clanwilliam : Olifants River, Schlechter

4992; Lewis 1708; Citrusdal, Martin 815; Compton

17109; Grey’s Pass, Steyn 631; between Graafwater

and Leipoldtville, Leipoldt 3951. Piketberg : Het

Kruis, Stephens & Glover 8696.

(d) var. lanceolata ( Adamson ) Marais in

Bothalia 9 : 100 (1966). Type : Karbonkel-

berg, Adamson 2973 (BOL!).

H. lanceolata Adamson in J. S. Afr. Bot. 7 : 197

(1941); FI. Cape Penins. 414 (1950).

Closely related to var. pusilla and pos-

sibly no more than a shade form of it. Dis-

tinguished by the broader lanceolate or

oblanceolate leaves, the soft, flaccid nature of

the plant, and the broader fruits.

40

Cruciferae

Cape. — Peninsula : Hout Bay, Adamson 11750;

Karbonkelberg, Adamson 2973; Glencairn, Levyns

sub Adamson 1908; Table Mtn., Walgate sub SAM

55558.

20. Heliophila patens Oliv. in Hook., Ic.

PI. 24 : t.2325 (1894). Type : Piketberg,

Bolus 7530 (K!).

A much-branched small annual herb up

to 20 cm high, completely glabrous. Leaves

1-2-5 cm long, filiform or narrowly linear,

entire. Racemes many-flowered, becoming

lax in fruit. Pedicels very slender, about 5

mm long in flower; in fruit 0-6-1 cm long,

horizontally spreading. Sepals 1-5-2 mm

long, 0-7-1 mm broad, oblong; the outer 2

cucullate; the inner 2 saccate. Petals 3-3-7

mm long, 1-4-1 -8 mm broad, obovate,

rounded, clawed, each with a large papillate

appendage. Filaments 0.9-1 • 1 mm and 1 -4-

1-6 mm long. Anthers 0-4— 0-5 mm long.

Ovary elliptical or obovate-elliptical with a

long, slender style; stigma capitate; ovules 2,

rarely 3-4. Fruits 3-6-5 mm long, 2-2-5 mm

broad, oblong, obovate or subcircular, oc-

casionally ± constricted between the seeds;

valves flat, 1 -nerved, densely or sparsely

set with minute papillae which are arranged

in rows; style 1-5-3 mm long, filiform.

Seeds 1-2-1 -3 X 1-1-1 mm, subcircular,

flat, narrowly margined.

Known from two isolated localities only. Col-

lected in flower in July, and in fruit in October.

Cape. — Piketberg : Bolus 7530. Vanrhynsdorp :

Between Knechtsvlakte and Sandveld, Leipoldt 3963.

The only species known with papillate fruit-

valves.

21. Heliophila diffusa ( Thunb .) DC., Syst.

2 : 685 (1821). Type : Thunberg Herb. No.

14956 (UPS!).

Soft glabrous annual herbs 5-40 cm

high, usually with several decumbent stems

or ± straggly; stems often purplish or

brown, especially near the base. Leaves 1-7

cm long, pinnately 3-11-lobed or rarely sub-

bipinnate; lobes short or long, filiform or

broadly linear, opposite or alternate; sub-

tended by 2 minute stipules. Racemes few to

many-flowered, eventually lax. Pedicels

subtended by 2 minute bracts; in flower

1- 5-4 mm long; in fruit 3-7 mm long, as-

cending or recurved-spreading. Sepals 1-5-

2- 4 mm long, 0-8-1 -5 mm broad, oblong,

membranous; outer 2 ± cucullate; inner 2

± saccate. Petals 1-9-4 -5 mm long, 1-1-2- 5

mm broad, obovate or subcircular above the

papillate claw. Filaments 1-4-1 -9 mm and

1 -7-2- 1 mm long, all papillate near the base.

Anthers 0-4-0- 8 mm long. Ovary oblong to

circular-elliptic; style shorter or longer than

the ovary; ovules 1-8. Fruits 3-14 mm long,

1 • 5-3 • 8 mm broad, narrowly oblong, ob-

long, ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, with

straight margins; valves flattened or some-

what inflated, 1-nerved, faintly net-veined;

style 0-7-3 mm long, conical and stout or

subulate and slender. Seeds 1-8-2 -4 mm in

diameter, narrowly winged.

Extending from Ceres and Clanwilliam south-

wards to Caledon. The flowers are white or cream,

produced from August to November, but mainly

during September and October. According to col-

lectors' notes this species seems to prefer the shelter

of rocks. Two varieties are recognized.

Ovary oblong to elliptical, the style always

shorter than the ovary; ovules 2-8; fruit 3 3-

1 4 mm x 2 ■ 8-3 ■ 8 mm (a) var. diffusa

Ovary circular-elliptic, the style longer than the ovary;

ovules 1-2, occasionally 3-4: fruit 3-3-5 x

1 ■ 5-2 • 2 mm (b) var. flacca

(a) var. diffusa.

Marais in Bothalia 9 : 98 (1966).

Lunaria diffusa Thunb., Prodr. 107 (1800). Type :

Tlmnberg Herb. No. 14956 (UPS!). L. pinnata Thunb.,

pc. (1800). Type : Thunberg Herb. No. 14958 (UPS!).

Pettaria capensis L.f., Suppl. 296 (1781). Type :

Herb. LINN 829 -3 or 829-4.

Farsetia diffusa (Thunb. )Desv. in J. Bot. Paris 3 :

173 (1814). F. pinnata (Thunb. )Desv., l.c. (1814).

Aurinia capensis (L.f.)Desv., l.c. 162 (1814).

Heliophila diffusa (Thunb. )DC., Syst. 2 : 685

(1822). Type : not incicated. H. capensis (L.f.)

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 220 (1846); F.C. 1 : 42 (1860);

Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 415 (1950). H.peltaria

DC., l.c. 685 (1821); l.c. 232 (1824); Sond. l.c. 222

(1846); l.c. 43 (I860). Type : as for Peltaria capensis

L.f. H. lepidioides Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2 : 175

(1822). Type : not indicated. H. capensis (L.f.)

C.A.Srn. in Kew Bull. 1931 : 155 (1931); Adamson

in FI. Cape Penins. 416 (1950), nom. illegit., non

(L.) Kuntze (1898).

Trentepohlia lepidioides Roth, Nov. PI. Sp. 326

(1821). Type : not indicated.

Selenocarpaea peltaria Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 10,

No. 69 ( 1834—5). as to syn. Thunb. S', pinnata (Thunb.)

Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. No. 70 (1834-5). 5. diffusa

(Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. No. 71 (1834-5).

Cruciferae

41

This variety is distinguished by its

slightly smaller flowers, the petals 1 -9-3-5 x

1- 1-2-3 mm, and by the oblong to elliptical

ovary with the style always shorter than the

ovary. The fruits measure 3-3-14 mm in

length and 2 -8-3 -8 mm in width. Fig. 5 : 2.

Cape. — Ceres : Kleinvlei Bridge, Houtenbergs

River, Acocks 19884; Theronsberg, Compton 11788.

Clanwilliam : Matjies River, Schlechter 8848; Oli-

fants River Valley, Stephens 7728. Malmesbury :

Kapokberg, Bolus 12599. Paarl : Seven Sisters Mtn.,

Esterhuysen 23928; Groot Drakenstein Mtn., Ester-

lutysen 14046; Paarl Mtn., Drege. Peninsula : Green

Point, Prior s.n.; Rhodes Drive, Wolley Dot I 3043;

Devil’s Peak, Ecklon <£ Zeyher 70; Lions Rump,

Ecklon 71; Pillans 3924. Stellenbosch : Sir Lowry’s

Pass, Schlechter 1149. Tulbagh : Steendal, Zeyher

sub SAM 14059.

The fruit characters on which H. diffusa and H.

peltaria are usually separated do not hold. Rounded,

1-seeded fruits are not uncommon in H. diffusa, and

4-5 ovules per ovary in a plant with mainly 2-3-

seeded fruits are also often found. The relation be-

tween the diameter of the seeds and the width of the

fruit which Adamson, l.c., gives as a difference does

not appear to be any more reliable than the leaf-

characters which he uses in the key.

(b) var. flacca ( Sond.)Marais in Bothalia

9 : 98 (1966). Type : Caledon, Ecklon &

Zeyher 69 (K!).

H. flacca Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 :

223, t.22, f. 1 (1846); F.C. 1 : 43 (1860).

Selenocarpaea peltaria Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. No. 69

(1834-5), partly, excl. syn.

Differs from var. diffusa in the ovary

being circular-elliptic with the style longer

than the ovary. The fruits are 3-3-5 mm

long, 1 -5-2-2 mm broad, ovate-elliptic or

obovate-elliptic, and the fruiting style 1 • 8-2-8

mm long. The valves are ^inflated, but

those of var. diffusa can apparently also be

slightly inflated. Fig. 5 : 3.

Cape. — Caledon : Marloth 6116; Swartberge,

Hotsprings, Zeyher 1 894 ; Ecklon & Zeyher 69 ; Guthrie

2466; Palmiet River Mtn., Stokoe sub SAM 64258.

?Paarl : Simonsberg, Strey 786. Stellenbosch :

Helderberg, Parker 4247; Jonkershoek, Compton

15339; Lewis 3132; Garside 1675.

22. Heliophila pendula Willd., Sp. PI.

3 : 529 (1800); DC., Syst. 2 : 683 (1821);

Prodr. 1 : 232 (1824); Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 215 (1846); F.C. 1 : 41

(1860). Type: not indicated.

Trentepohlia pinnata Roth, Catalect. Bot. 2 : 73

(1800).

Heliophila pinnata Vent., Malm. 1. 1 1 3 (1805).

excl. syn. H. rivalis Burch, ex DC., l.c. 682 (1821);

l.c. 232 (1824); Sond., l.c. 213 (1846); l.c. 40 (1860).

Type : Knysna, Burchell 5496 (K!).

Leptormus pendulus ( (LV/W.jEckl. & Zeyh., Enum.

9, No. 62 (1834-5), as to basionym.

Ormiscus pinnatus Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 10, No. 68

(1834-5). excl. syn. L.f.

Glabrous annual herbs 8-50 cm high,

erect, decumbent or diffuse. Leaves pinnate,

subtended by 2 minute stipules; the lower

ones up to 8 cm long, 7-13-lobed, upper

leaves smaller and with fewer lobes; lobes

linear or filiform up to 3 cm long. Racemes

few- to many-flowered, in fruit lax, elongate.

Pedicels subtended by 2 minute, filiform

bracts; in fruit up to 2-2 cm long, spreading,

suberect or ^recurved. Sepals 1-6-3 -5 mm

long, 0-8-1 -5 mm broad, narrowly ovate-

oblong; outer 2 ^cucullate; inner 2 saccate,

with a broad membranous margin. Petals

2-5 mm long, 1 • 3-3 mm broad, obovate, all

papillate across the claw. Filaments 1 • 2-2 • 5

mm and 1-5-2 -8 mm long, all papillate at

the base. Anthers 0-4-1 mm long. Ovary

oblong or linear-oblong; style short; stigma

large, capitate; ovules 10-18. Fruits 1-5-5

cm long, 2-3 mm broad, strongly moniliform;

valves flat, 1-nerved; style 1-2.5 mm long.

Seeds 2-2.2 mm in diameter, subcircular,

narrowly winged.

Widespread in the coastal districts and Little

Karoo, from Tulbagh and the Peninsula to Albany.

A late winter and early spring flowering species with

white flowers, sometimes tinged with mauve or purple.

The stems are frequently galled.

Cape. — Albany ; Slaaikraal, MacOwan 999.

Bredasdorp : Nachtwacht, Smith 2981. Caledon :

Swartberg, Gillett 1078. Humansdorp : Kruisfontein,

Galpin 3745. Knysna : Burchell 5496. Ladismith :

Rooiberg, Wurtz 1235. Laingsburg : Tweedside,

Compton 4003. Montagu : Donkerkloof, Lewis 1713.

Mossel Bay : Herbertsdale, Acocks 16069. Oudts-

hoorn : Calitzdorp, Van Niekerk 527. Peninsula :

Between Bishops Court and Kirstenbosch, Salter

9014. Port Elizabeth : Redhouse, Paterson 1170.

Prince Albert : Swartberg Pass, Stokoe 9054. Rivers-

dale : Muir 4513; Oakdale, Muir 3340. Swellendam :

Zeyher 1898; 1898a; 1898b; Barry dale, Compton

19583. Tulbagh : L. Bolus sub STE 17969, partly.

Uitenhage : Ecklon & Zeyher 68. Uniondale : Jou-

bertina, Fourcade 2680. Worcester : Rabiesberg,

Lewis sub BOL 27365.

23. Heliophila meyeri Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 226 (1846). Type :

Caledon, Genadendal, Drege (K!).

42

Cruciferae

5. — la, Heliophila meyeri var. minor, habit, x f ; lb, fruit, x 4; lc, seed, x 12 ( Leighton 21146), 2a, H.

diffusa var. diffusa, fruit, X 4 ( Drege sub Harvey 478); 2b, fruit, x 4 (Acocks 19884); 2c, fruit, x 4 (IV.

Dod 110). 3, H. diffusa var. flacca, fruit, x 4 ( Parker 4247). 4, H. pendula, fruit, X 2 ( Forbes s.n.)

CrUCIFJ-RAU

43

Glabrous annual herbs 10-45 cm high,

often much branched, erect, procumbent or

diffuse. Leaves pinnate, frequently pectinate,

subtended by 2 minute stipules; basal leaves

up to 18 cm long; lobes 3-25, 0-5-3 cm long,

filiform, linear or strap-shaped, up to 3 mm

broad; upper leaves smaller, sometimes not

lobed. Racemes dense or lax, few- to many-

flowered; in fruit elongate, lax. Pedicels

subtended by 2 filiform bracts; 3-12 mm long

in flower; in fruit 0-5-1 -8 cm long, recurved

or deflexed. Sepals 2-4-5 mm long, oblong;

outer 2 cucullate; inner 2 saccate. Petals

2-8-9 mm long, 2-6-3 mm broad, obovate,

papillate across the claw. Filaments 1 -5-3-4

mm long, all papillate at the base or with a

papillate appendage. Anthers 0-6-1 -5 mm

long, often drying greyish. Ovary linear or

linear-oblong; style long; stigma small;

ovules 10-16. Fruits 1-2-5 cm long, 1-3 mm

broad, sub-moniliform or the margins

straight; valves flat or folded alternately at

right angles; style 0-8-4 mm long, slender.

Seeds 1 • 5-2 • 1 mm in diameter subcircular,

margined, or 1-1-5 x 0-8-1 -2 mm, ovate or

oblong-ovate, very narrowly margined.

Extending from Ceres and Clanwilliam along

the mountains to Caledon and Swellendam. Seems

to favour damp places. Two varieties are recognized.

Several authors report var. ineyeri to be more com-

mon after fires. The flowers are white, produced

mostly in spring, but sometimes into summer.

Sepals 3-4-5 mm; petals 5-5-9 X 3-6-3 mm;

anthers 1-2-1 -5 mm; fruits 1-5-2 -5 cm x

2- 5-3 mm; basal leaves up to 18 cm long,

up to 25-lobed (a) var. meyeri

Sepals 2-2-2 mm; petals 2 -8-3 -8 x 2-2-6 mm;

anthers 0-6-0 -8 mm; fruits 1-2-2 cm X

1—1-7 mm; basal leaves up to 5 cm long,

3- 7 lobed (b) var. minor

(a) var. meyeri.

Marais in Bothalia 9 : 99 (1966).

H. meyeri Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb.

1 : 226 (1846); F.C. I : 44 (1860). Type : Caledon,

Genadendal, Drege (K!). H. dentifera Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 219 (1846); F.C. 1 : 42

(1860); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 415 (1950).

Type : Devils Peak, Ecklon & Zeyher (SAM!).

The typical variety is usually a robust

plant with quite big, conspicuous flowers, as

can be seen from the measurements given in

the key. The filaments each have a papillate

appendage at the base.

Cape. — Caledon : Genadendal, Drege s.n.; Prior

s.n. Ceres : Rogers 28738. Paarl : Groot Drakenstein

Mts., Esterhuysen 14035. Peninsula : Devils Peak,

Bolus 4961 and as Herb. Norm. Austro- Afric. 312;

Ecklon & Zeyher s.n. Stellenbosch : Helderberg,

Parker 4248. Worcester : Onklaarberg, Stokoe

1103a.

in Kew herbarium there are 2 sheets of the type

collection of H. meyeri. The older fruits do not

show much signs of folding, but some of the younger

fruits show it quite clearly. Since we now know other

species in which all the filaments have appendages, I

have preferred the epithet “meyeri” to “dentifera”.

(b) var. minor Marais in Bothalia 9 : 99

(1966). Type ; Swellendam, Leighton sub

BOL 21 146 (BOL;).

Small slender plants with rather in-

conspicuous white flowers. The fruits are

much narrower and the seeds smaller than in

var. meyeri. The filaments are all widened

and papillate at the base, not with a papillate

appendage. Fig. 5:1.

Cape. — Swellendam : Bonnievale, Leighton sub

BOL 21146. Worcester : Audensberg, Compton 9762;

Esterhuysen 3428; Louwshoek Mts., Stokoe sub

SAM 59125.

24. Heliophila coronopifolia L., Sp. PI.

ed. 2 : 927 (1763); DC., Syst. 2 : 687 (1821);

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 218

(1846); F.C. 1 : 42 (1860), excl. Drege 7576

and Ecklon & Zeyh. 79. Type : the illustra-

tion by Hermann, Lugd. Bat. 364, t.367

(1687).

H. filiformis L.f., Suppl. 296 (1781). Type ; Herb.

LINN 840-1. H.filifolia Thunb., Prodr. 108 (1800),

nom. illeg. H. heterophylla Thunb., l.c. (1800).

Type : Thunberg Herb. No. 15214 (UPS!). H.

longifolia DC., I.c. 681 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 207 (1846); F.C. 1 : 39 (1860);

Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 413 (1950). Type :

Brugmann, Herb. Vahl (C!). H. sonchifolia DC., l.c.

(1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 204

(1846); F.C. 1 : 38 (1860); Adamson, l.c. 414 (1950).

Type ; Masson (BM!). H. dissecta var. pinnata DC.,

l.c. 680 (1821). Type : Dr. Bulow, Herb. Vahl (C!).

H. zeyheri Steud., Nom. ed. 2, 1 : 743 (1840). Type :

Ecklon & Zeyher No. 61 (SAM!; PRE!). H. calc-

donica (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 205 (1846); F.C. 1 : 38 (1860). H.fistulosa

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 209 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 39 (1860). Type : Ecklon & Zeyher 61 (SAM!;

PRE!). H. abrotanifolia var. heterophylla (Thunb.)

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 244 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 48 (1860), partly, as to Thunberg synonym.

H. linearifolia var. filifolia Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 253 (1846); F.C. 1 : 51 (1860), partly, as to

Thunberg synonym. H. elongata var. filifolia (Sond.)

44

Cruciferae

Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 417 (1950), partly, as

to basionym. H. schlechteri Schinz in Vjschr. Na-

turf. Ges. Zurich 55 : 235 (1910), partly as to Schlech-

ter 2355 in BM; in K, partly; in LY, partly. H.

woodii var. schlechteri (Schinz) O.E. Schulz in Bot.

Archiv 31 ; 542 (1931), partly.

Carponema filiforme (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 8,

No. 54 (1834—5); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb.

1 : 179, 1. 1 7 (1846); F.C. 1 : 35 (1860); Adamson in

FI, Cape Penins. 418 (1950), all as to basionym.

Leptormus dissectus sensu Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 8,

No. 56 (1834—5). L. caledonicus Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c.

9, No. 60 (1834-5). Type : Caledon, Ecklon &Zeyher

60 (SAM!; PRE!). L. tripartitus Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 9,

No. 61 (1834-5). Type : Clanwilliam, Ecklon &

Zeyher 61 (SAM!; PRE!). L. trifidus sensu Eckl. &

Zeyh., l.c. 9, No. 64 (1834-35).

Erect annual herbs 10-60 cm high,

mostly with a single stem, but often freely

branched above; lower part or only the few

basal nodes puberulous or scabro-puberulous,

rarely completely glabrous. Leaves 6-15 cm

long, simple or pinnately 3-13 lobed, the

upper lobes sometimes lobed again; lobes

filiform or linear or flat and up to 3 mm

broad; upper leaves smaller and with fewer

lobes; often minutely puberulous, especially

when young; exstipulate or subtended by 2

minute filiform stipules. Pedicels subtended by

2 minute bracts or not, glabrous or puberu-

lous; in flower 4-9 mm long, slender, erect; in

fruit 6-12 mm long, stout, erect or spreading.

Sepals 4 -5-7 -5 mm long, glabrous, purplish;

outer two 1-2 mm broad, narrowly oblong,

cucullate, shortly horn-tipped; inner two

1 • 5-3 mm broad, oblong, saccate at the base

and with a broad membranous margin.

Petals 6-5-13 mm long, 3-8 mm broad,

narrowly obovate to obovate-circular, roun-

ded, clawed, each with an appendage. Fila-

ments 2 -5-4 -9 mm and 2 -9-5 -4 mm long;

the short ones each with an appendage.

Anthers 1 • 8-3 mm long. Ovary linear with a

slender style and capitate stigma; ovules

16-50. Fruits 3-9 cm long, 1 -3-2 mm broad,

linear, moniliform, the constrictions deep or

shallow; valves flat, 1- or obscurely 3-nerved,

glabrous or occasionally sparsely puberu-

lous near the base; style 1-5 mm long,

stout, ± cylindrical or stoutly subulate,

conical-subulate or nodose. Seeds 1-6-2 -4 x

0-8-1 -5 mm, oblong, flattened, narrowly

margined. Fig. 7 : 7.

The distribution ranges from Caledon to the

Vanrhynsdorp district, but is mainly centred in the

Peninsula and Malmesbury area. The flowering

period is from August to October. The flowers are

pale to bright blue with a white or pale greenish-

yellow centre.

Cape. — Caledon : Rogers 30116; Ecklon & Zeyher

60. Clanwilliam : Heerenlogement, Ecklon & Zeyher

61; Nardouw, Compton 19997; Duiwelsgat, Ester-

hi/ysen 13112. Malmesbury : Gillett 4150; Lange-

baan, Salter 3021; Hopefield, Theron 2043; Darling,

Bolus 12603. Peninsula : Zeyher 47; 48; Lions

Head, W. Dod 3099; Slangkop, W. Dod 1805; Wyn-

berg, Salter 8765; Kirstenbosch, Esterhuysen 17743.

Piketberg : Godman 792; Het Kruis, Stephens &

Glover 8701. Stellenbosch : Hottentotsholland Mts.,

Ecklon & Zeyher 64; Muldersvlei, Duthie 975. Van-

rhynsdorp : Between Knechtsvlakte and Sandveld,

Leipoldt 3945.

A variable species changing gradually from the

smaller, often simple-leaved plants with short,

strongly moniliform, 16-30-seeded fruits with short,

broad styles of the Peninsula to the bigger, large-

flowered plants with long, shallowly moniliform,

narrower, 30-50-seeded fruits and longer styles from

the Malmesbury district. Apart from the gradual

change, plants of the typical Peninsula form occur

further west, and vice versa.

The exstipulate, ebracteate specimens fall into

2 groups : from Malmesbury, those which correspond

with H. longifolia DC.; and from Malmesbury and

Piketberg, the robust plants with thick succulent

stems which correspond with H. filifolia Thunb. and

H. fistulosa Sond. The latter group has finer, thinner

fruits with slender styles. After field studies it may

prove possible to distinguish these 2 groups as dis-

tinct varieties.

25. Heliophila concatenata Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 ; 214 (1846); F.C.

1 : 41 (1860). Type : Paarl, Drege 7576a

(BM!; K!).

H. dodii Schltr. in J. Bot. Lond. 36 : 314 (1898);

Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 415 (1950). Type :

Devil’s Peak, W. Dod 465 (B !). H. scabrida Schltr.,

l.c. 314 (1898); Adamson, l.c. 415 (1950). Type :

Devil’s Peak, W. Dod 464 (B!). H. rosea Schltr. in

Bot. Jahrb. 27 : 138 (1899). Type : French Hoek,

Schlechter 9324. H. salteri Exell in J. Bot. Lond. 68 :

246 (1930); Adamson, l.c. 414 (1950). Type : Salter

233/14 (BM!). H. coronopifolia sensu Adamson, l.c.

415 (1950), partly.

A complex of plants which vegetatively

resemble H. meyeri Sond. (see p. 41), but

differ in being puberulous or pubescent;

the flowers are white, pink or purple, the

fruits are not transversely folded, and all

the petals and filaments are without append-

ages.

These plants fall into 4, not always readily dis-

tinguishable, groups corresponding to (a) H. rosea

Schltr., (b) H. scabrida Schltr. sensu strictu, (c) H.

CRUCIFERAF

45

scabrida sensu FI. Cape Penins., and (d) H. salteri

Exell. Then there is also H. dodii Schltr. which differs

from H. scabrida only in its moniliform fruits.

These plants may represent a hybrid swarm.

Possible parents would appear to be H. meyeri

Sond. and H. coronopifolia L. (in the sense in which I

interpret these species). Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 :

529 (1931) treated H. scabrida Schltr. and H. dodii

Schltr. as hybrids of H. coronopifolia L. and H. dis-

secta Thunb., but his interpretation of these 2 species

does not come out very clearly from the specimens

annotated and quoted by him. The type of H.

dissecla Thunb., Prodr. 108 (1800), Thunberg Herb.

No. 15211, is too poor to identify with certainty.

It may belong in this complex.

(a) “//. rosea Schltr.”

Includes both H. concatenata Sond. (type : Drege

7576a from Paarlberg), and H. rosea Schltr. (type :

Schlechter 9324 from French Hoek.)

Young parts minutely puberulous; buds

horned. Flowers mauve, lilac or pink. Ovary

glabrous or puberulous; ovules 12-26. Fruits

moniliform; style 5-6-5 mm long, stoutly

subulate.

Cape. — Caledon : Genadendal, Prior s.n. Paarl :

Paarl Mtn., Drege 7576a; Drege 7577; French Hoek

Mts., Schlechter 9324. Stellenbosch : Jonkershoek,

Compton 15298; Taylor 4219. Tulbagh : Klein

Winterhoek Mts., Thorne sub SAM 51245.

(b) “//. scabrida Schltr.”

H. scabrida Schltr. (type : W. Dod 464, from Devil's

Peak); H. coronopifolia sensu Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum.

11, No. 79 (1834-5).

Plants scabro-puberulous. Flowers pink

or purple. Ovary puberulous; ovules 8-12.

Fruits straight-sided, eventually glabrous or

nearly so; style 3-5 mm long, thick, cylin-

drical or subfusiform-cylindrical.

Cape. — Peninsula : Devil's Peak, W. Dod 464;

Bolus 4960 (also as Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric. 311);

Ecklon & Zeyher 79; Thode 5912; 5915; Orange

Kloof, W. Dod 3620.

(c) “ H . scabrida sensu FI. Cape Penin-

sula”.

Plants pubescent, especially in the lower

part and the young growth. Flowers small,

white (?fading pink). Ovary glabrous;

ovules 8-12. Fruits straight-sided or sub-

moniliform; style 3-5-7 mm long, stoutly

subulate.

Cape. — Peninsula : Cape Town, Paterson 104;

Table Mt., Lewis 1194; Orange Kloof, W. Dod 3620;

W. Dod 3357; Wynberg, W. Dod 3322, partly;

Kasteels Poort, Marloth 28951; 29258; Devil's Peak,

W. Dod 464; Kirstenbosch, Compton 16443; 16563;

Leighton 733; Esterhuysen 11222.

In this group probably fall most of the specimens

included in H. coronopifolia in the Flora of the Cape

Peninsula.

(d) “//. salteri Exell”.

H. salteri Exell (type : Salter 233/14 from Twelve

Apostles Mts., Cape Peninsula).

Plants pubescent with a mixture of long

and short hairs, at least in the lower part.

Ovary glabrous, in some plants becoming

densely puberulous soon after flowering;

ovules 4-10. Fruits moniliform; style 0-3-2

mm long, stout, the longer ones cylindrical

or subclavate.

Cape. — Paarl : Drakenstein Mts., Drege 7576;

French Hoek, Phillips 1071; Compton 18567. Penin-

sula : Twelve Apostles, Salter 233/14, sub BOL

18911. Without exact locality : Herb. Linn. 840-3

and 840- 12; Thunberg Herb. Nos. 15206 and 15207.

26. Heliophila tabularis IV. Dod in J.

Bot. Lond. 39 : 397 (1901); Adamson in FI.

Cape Penins. 416 (1950). Type : Cape Penin-

sula, W. Dod 3338 (K!).

Small annual herbs 7-12 cm high; stems

slender, erect, glabrous or the lower few

nodes minutely puberulous. Leaves 1 • 5-3

cm long, linear, entire or 3-fid. Racemes

few-flowered. Sepals 2-5-3 mm long.

Petals 4-5-5 mm long, narrowly obovate.

Anthers 0-7-0 -9 mm long. Ovary linear;

ovules 12-14. Fruit immature, about 3 cm

long, 1-5 mm broad, the margin nearly

straight, thickened; valves 3-nerved; style

short, stout, dr conical.

Known only from the type collection, 6 very

small plants. The flowers are whitish. It possibly

belongs to the H. concatenata complex.

Cape. — Peninsula : Twelve Apostles, W. Dod

3338.

27. Heliophila acuminata {Eckl. & Zeyh.)

Steud., Norn. ed. 2, 1 : 742 (1840); O.E.

Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 538 (1931);

Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 415 (1950).

Type ; Paarl, Klapmuts, Ecklon & Zeyher

57 (B!).

Leptormus acuminatus Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. No.

57 (1834-5). H. liniflora sensu Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 10,

No. 75 (1834-5). H. eckloniana Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 206 (1846); F.C. 1 : 39 (1860).

Type as for El. acuminata. H. pallida Schltr. ex O. E.

Schulz, l.c. 534 (1931). Type : Porterville, Schlechter

10720 (B!).

46

Cruciferae

Erect annual herbs 15-45 cm high,

usually branched; the basal few nodes, the

axils of the branches, the upper surface of

the lower leaves and the lower half of the

pedicels are often hairy or puberulous, but

not always all these parts on any one plant;

very rarely completely glabrous. Leaves

3-10 cm long, 0-8-6 mm broad, linear or

oblanceolate, entire or 3-9-lobed in the upper

half, usually slightly narrowed towards the

base. Racemes few- to many-flowered, con-

tracted in flower, lax in fruit. Pedicels slender,

erect, 5-7 mm long in flower; rather stout,

spreading at right angles or reflexed-spread-

ing, 5-1 1 mm long in fruit. Sepals 2-4-5 mm

long, 0-9-1 -5 mm broad, oblong, frequently

drying a deep emerald-green colour, glabrous

or thinly hairy; outer 2 cucullate; inner 2

saccate with broad membranous margins.

Petals 4-5-10-5 mm long, 2-4-7 mm broad,

(mostly not more than 7 mm long), oblong-

obovate to obovate-circular, without or with

a small appendage on one side of the claw.

Filaments 1-8-3 mm and 2 -1-3 -3 mm long,

the short ones with or without an appendage.

Anthers 0-6-1 -5 mm long. Ovary linear;

style long, stigma capitate; ovules 6-14.

Fruits 1-3 cm long, 1-2 mm broad, linear,

moniliform, the “beads” close together or

separated by narrower waists; valves flat,

1 -nerved, glabrous or puberulous; style

1-7-7 mm long, slightly swollen, stoutly

subulate or the shorter ones ± conical.

Seeds 1-9-2 x 1 mm, oval-elliptic, very

narrowly margined. Fig. 2 ; 4.

This species extends from Vanrhynsdorp, Cal-

vinia and Ceres to the northern part of the Peninsula

and Stellenbosch. The blue or white flowers are

produced during August and September.

Cape. — Calvinia : Nieuwoudtville, Maguire 214;

Barker 9361. Ceres ; Barker 325; Eselsfontein,

Esterhuysen 20335. Clanwilliam : Leipoldt 3916;

3935; 4016; Brakfontein, Schlechter 5280. Malmes-

bury : Salter 3675; 4754; Darling, Bolus 12600;

12601; Moorreesburg, Bolus 9946. Paarl : Drege

7552; Klapmuts, Ecklon & Zeyher 57; between Her-

cules Pillar and Agter Paarl, Salter 5640. Peninsula :

Camps Bay, Prior s.n. ; Lions Head, Ecklon & Zeyher

56, partly. Piketberg : Porterville, Schlechter 10720.

Stellenbosch : Duthie 525. Tulbagh : Saron, Schlech-

ter 4877. Vanrhynsdorp : Between Knechtsvlakte

and Sandveld, Leipoldt 3947.

The presence or absence of appendages occur

in 3 combinations: (a) petals and short filaments

with, (b) petals with, filaments without, and (c)

petals and filaments without appendages.

A group of specimens from the Clanwilliam

district have longer fruits, the margins nearly straight

or submoniliform; valves 1-nerved, the nerve be-

coming inconspicuous; style 4-11 mm long, very

stout, subulate; ovules 16-30. A few of the fruits on

these plants are indistinguishable from those of

typical H. acuminata.

Clanwilliam : Citrusdal, Compton 17105; 17128;

Lewis 1709; Olifants River Valley, Steyn 517; Brak-

fontein, Ecklon & Zeyher 75, all from the Compton

Herbarium.

28. Heliophila macowaniana Schltr. in

Bot. Jahrb. 27 : 135 (1899). Type : Tul-

bagh Road, Schlechter 8996 (K ! ; PRE!).

H. sabulosa forma albiflora O. E. Schulz in Bot.

Archiv 31 : 541 (1931). Syntypes : Clanwilliam,

Stephens 6886; 7207 (K!)

Annual herbs 10-50 cm high; simple and

erect, or branched from the base and spread-

ing; stem, axils of branches, upper surface of

leaves and pedicels puberulous or somewhat

scabrid, rarely glabrous; sepals with coarse

spreading hairs. Leaves 2-8 cm long, entire

or pinnately 3- to 11-lobed, rarely sub-

bipinnately lobed; lobes linear or filiform,

short or long; minutely stipulate. Racemes

terminal on side-branches, the rhachis be-

coming zigzag in fruit. Pedicels minutely

bracteate or ebracteate; 3-7 mm long,

slender, erect in flower; 5-11 mm long,

spreading or nearly erect in fruit. Sepals

2 -5-3 -5 mm long, 0-9-1 -6 mm broad,

narrowly oblong to ovate, coarsely hairy;

outer 2 cucullate, thickened at the tip; inner

2 slightly saccate and with a broad membra-

nous margin. Petals 4*5-7 mm long, 2- 3-4- 6

mm broad, elliptic-obovate to broadly obo-

vate, rounded, clawed, with a very small

appendage, or rarely without. Filaments

1 • 5-3 • 6 mm and 1 • 9-3 • 7 mm long, the 2

short ones with a small inconspicuous

appendage. Anthers 0-8-1 -4 mm long.

Ovary glabrous or puberulous; style long,

stigma capitate; ovules 10-24. Fruits 1-3-5

cm long, 0-8-1 -3 mm broad, linear, monili-

form; valves 1- or inconspicuously 3-nerved,

somewhat bulged by the seeds, glabrous or

puberulous; style 1-5 mm long, stoutly

subulate or i clavate. Seeds 1-1-4 x 0-6-

0-8 mm, oblong, narrowly margined. Fig.

2 : 5.

Quite a common species in the Piketberg and

Clanwilliam districts, extending into the Tulbagh

Cruciferae

47

Paarl and Worcester districts, and southwards to the

Peninsula. The flowers are white or blue; spring-

flowering.

Cape. — Clanwilliam : Esterhuysen 3998; Warm-

baths, Stephens 6886; 7207; Olifants River Mts.,

Schlechter 5073; Koue Bokkeveld, Schlechter 8870.

Malmesbury : Acocks 20724. Paarl : Between Paarl

and Pont, Drege 7554. Peninsula : Lower Orange

Kloof, Salter 233/1 la. Piketberg : Guthrie 2539;

Howes 172; Piquenierskloof, Schlechter 10766; Por-

terville, Wilnian 719; Steyn 610. Tulbagh : Esterhuy-

sen 6065; Schlechter 8996; De Hoek, Barker 5835.

Worcester : Breede River Valley, Bolus 2706.

29. Heliophila promontori i Marais irt

Bothalia 9 : 105 (1966). Type : Kenilworth,

Bolus 7922 (PRE!).

Heliophila trifida auct. non Thunb.; DC., Syst. 2 :

683 (1821); O.E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 542

(1931); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 416 (1950).

Ormiscus pinnatus sensu Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 10,

No. 68 (1834-5) as to syn. DC. only.

Slender, wiry annual herbs 6-25 cm

high; stems dark in the lower part only or all

over; lower part of stem, sometimes only a

few nodes, minutely puberulous. Leaves

1 • 5-5 • 5 cm long, entire or 3- to 7-lobed,

rarely sub-bipinnately lobed, minutely stipu-

late; lobes linear or linear-filiform. Racemes

lax, few-flowered. Pedicels subtended by

two minute bracts, 0-7-1 -2 cm long, slender

in flower; 0-9-1 -3 cm long, spreading in

fruit. Sepals 2-8-4 mm long, 0-9-1 -5 mm

broad, oblong; outer 2 cucullate, thickened

at the apex; inner 2 saccate, with broad

membranous margins. Petals 5 -5-8 -5 mm

long, 2-5-6 mm broad, obovate or circular-

obovate, clawed, each without or with a

minute appendage. Filaments 1-8-2 -8 mm

and 2-3-1 mm long; the short ones mostly

with a small appendage. Anthers 1-1-5 mm

long. Ovary linear; stigma capitate; ovules

16-25. Fruits 2-3 cm long, 0-8-1 -2 mm

broad, linear, shallowly moniliform, curving

upwards; valves 1 -nerved; style 1-1-6 mm

long, subfusiform or subclavate. Seeds

1 X 0-7 mm, broadly oval, narrowly mar-

gined.

Confined to the Peninsula; usually found on

sand-dunes or flats. The flowering period is from

September to November. The flowers are described

as blue, blue with a white eye or mauve with a white

centre.

Cape. — Peninsula : Kenilworth, Bolus 7922;

Salter 5654; Levyns 5200; Rondebosch, Bolus 3965;

Vlakkenburg, Compton 20177; Smith’s Farm, Salter

7044. Smitswinkel, Salter 234/3; Rooihoogte,

Compton 13781.

30. Heliophila digitata L.f., Suppl. 296

(1781). Type : Thunberg Herb. No. 12509

(UPS!).

H. aggregata (Eckl. & Zeyh.)Steud., Nom. ed. 2,

1 : 742 (1840). Type \ Ecklon & Zeylter No. 55 (SAM!;

PRE!). H. gracilis Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb.

1 : 230 (1846); F.C. 1 : 45 (1860), nom. illegit. Type as

above. H. tenuifolia Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 232 (1846); F.C. 1 : 45 (1860). Syntypes :

Rietvallei, Mundt & Maire (B!);Groenkloof, Ecklon &

Zeyher 62 (SAM!); Ecklon & Zeylter 80. H. pilosa

var. digitata (L.f.) Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb.

1 : 240 (1846); F.C. 1 : 47 (1860), as to Linn. fil.

ref. only. H. odontopetala A.Zahlbr. in Ann. Nat.

Hofmus. Wien 18 : 383 (1903); O.E. Schulz in Bot.

Archiv 31 : 540 (1931). Type : Piqueniers Mts.,

Penther 2690 (BM!; BOL!). H. chamomillifolia

Schinz in Vjschr. Naturf. Ges. Zurich 55 : 234 (1910).

Type : Tulbagh, Schlechter 1407 (Z!). H. schlechteri

Schinz, l.c. 235 (1910), as to Schlechter 2355, partly

in LY. H. integrifolia var. digitata (L.f.) O.E.

Schulz, l.c. 519 (1931), as to Linn. fil. ref. only.

H. foeniculacea auct., non R.Br.

Carponema aggregata Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum., 8,

No. 55 (1834-5).

Leptormus pendidus sensu Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 9,

No. 62 (1834-5).

Erect annual herbs 15-50 cm tall,

slender or robust; indumentum variable in

amount and nature. Stems often brownish

or reddish near the base; lower half or only

the lower few nodes pilose. Leaves 2-6 cm

long with filiform lobes, the lobes alternate

or opposite; at one extreme the leaves are

3-lobed near the tip, at the other they are up

to 23-lobed with 2-4 pairs of lobes close

together from the dilated leaf-base with the

other lobes more distant along the rest of its

length; subglabrous to densely pubescent.

Racemes lax. Pedicels 0-4-1 cm long in

flower, slender, erect; 0-5-1 -1 cm long in

fruit, stout, erect-spreading, thinly to densely

pilose. Sepals 4-6-3 mm long, 0-9-2 mm.

broad, oblong, densely pilose in bud, glabres-

cent; outer 2 cucullate, the apex thickened or

shortly horn-tipped; inner 2 saccate with

broad membranous margins. Petals 4-8-9

mm long, 2 -5-6 -5 mm broad, oblong-

obovate to circular-obovate, with an ap-

pendage near the base. Filaments 2 • 5-4 mm

and 3-5 • 1 mm long, the 2 short ones gene-

rally with a conspicuous appendage. Anthers

11-2-2 mm long. Ovary linear, glabrous or

thinly hairy; style long, slender; stigma

48

Cruciferae

capitate; ovules 26-40 (-54). Fruits 2 -5-5 -5

cm long, 0-7-1 mm in diameter, linear,

cylindrical or only very slightly compressed,

the margins straight; valves 1-3-nerved,

glabrous or puberulous; style ( 1 * 2—) 2 -5-6 -5

(-10) mm long, stoutly subulate or conical-

subulate, tapering (only rarely short and

blunt). Seeds 0-8-1 -1 i 0-6-0 -7 mm, ob-

long to subcircular. Fig. 6 : 3.

Extending from Clanwilliam and Ceres south-

wards to the Peninsula. Also recorded from Caledon

and Riversdale. Spring-flowering with pink or blue

flowers.

Cape. — Caledon : Ecklon & Zeylier 55. Ceres :

Laken Vlei, Compton 12078; Die Vlakte, Walgate

390. Clanwilliam : Between Grey’s Pass and Clan-

william, Leipoldt 3946; between Grey’s Pass and

Graafwater, Leipoldt 3921; 3922; 3924. Malmes-

bury : Vredenburg, Marloth 14043; Gansekraal,

Kies 214. Peninsula : Muizenberg, Pillans 3925;

Bolus sub BOL 27110. Piketberg : Het Kruis,

Leighton 77; Stephens & Glover 8704; Kapteinskloof,

Van Niekerk 637; Piquenierskloof, Schlechter 4944.

Tulbagh : Kloof, Bolus 7352; Tyson 2299; Saron,

Schlechter 10645.

Zahlbruckner described his H. odontopetala as a

biennial or perennial, but I have not seen any plants

which support this statement.

Sonder described the fruits of H. gracilis as

being pendulous, but the sheets of Ecklon & Zeylier

55 which I have seen have erect to spreading fruits.

The Riversdale collections differ from the other

specimens in the outside base of the short filaments

being channelled instead of having an appendage.

Bolus sub BOL 27110 from Muizenberg and

Zeylier sub SAM 14065 from Elsieskraal are the

only 2 specimens with blunt styles less than 2-5 mm

long.

31. Heliophila refracta Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 234 (1846); F.C.

1 : 46 (1860); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins.

416 (1950). Type : Ecklon & Zeylier 63

(SAM!).

Leptormus rivalis sensu Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 9,

No. 63 (1834-5).

Annual herbs, usually with several as-

cending or decumbent stems 10-40 cm

high; stems glabrous or just the few basal

nodes puberulous. Leaves 0-5-5 cm long,

pinnately 3-11-lobed in the upper half

(juvenile leaves and uppermost leaves often

simple), the lobes filiform, glaucous, minutely

puberulous on the upper surface. Racemes

terminal, lax, few-flowered. Pedicels puberu-

lous in the lower part, 0-7-1 -5 cm long in

flower, slender, erect; 1-2 cm long in fruit,

stout, sharply reflexed or reflexed-spreading.

Sepals 3 • 5-5 mm long, linear-oblong, reddish

with membranous margins; outer 2 cucullate,

horn-tipped; inner 2 saccate. Petals 6-8 mm

long, 2-5-5 mm broad, obovate, rounded,

clawed, or 4-5-5 X 1-3-1 -5 mm, broadly

oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, acute,

cuneate, always with a small appendage.

Filaments 2 • 9-4 mm and 3 • 4-4 • 3 mm long,

the 2 short ones with a small papillate ap-

pendage, or papillate or ridged at the base.

Anthers 1-1-7 mm long. Ovary linear, glab-

rous or puberulous in the lower part; style

short, stout; stigma large; ovules 42-60.

Fruits 3-6-5 cm long, 0-8-1 mm in dia-

meter, linear, subcylindric with straight

margins; valves 1 -nerved, bulged by the

seeds, glabrous or minutely puberulous in

the lower part; style 0-8-1 -5 mm long,

stout, cylindrical. Seeds 0-6-0 -8 mm in

diameter, suborbicular. Fig. 6 : 4.

Extending from Clanwilliam to the Peninsula

along the coast; also recorded from Riversdale.

The flowering period is from August to September;

the flowers are blue or dark blue.

Cape. — Clanwilliam : Paleisheuwel, Marais 1450;

Suurfontein, Schlechter 8548. Malmesbury : Groot-

fontein. Bolus 12598; Hopefield, Schlechter 5320;

Bokbaai, Esterhuysen 3830; Kalbaskraal, Bolus 4244.

Peninsula ; Chapman’s Bay, W. Dod 1674; 3384;

Muizenberg. Schlechter 1497; Rapenburg, Bolus 7078.

Piketberg : Martin Melk’s Farm, Steyn 575. Rivers-

dale : Albertinia, Muir 1428; Botteliersfontein, Muir

1619; between Stilbaai and Blombos, Wurtz 1551.

The specimens from Riversdale differ in the smal-

ler, narrower, acute petals and in the short filaments

being papillate or ridged only.

The following specimens from Malmesbury and

Piketberg have bigger flowers, the petals up to

10-8 X 6-5 mm, and long, slender fruiting styles up

to 4-6 mm long. They all have the pedicels minutely

papillate at the base like the typical plants.

Malmesbury : Koperfontein, Barker 8066;

Matthews sub NBG 1695/25; between Koperfontein

and Hopefield, Lewis 4190; Hopefield, Bolus 12602.

Piketberg : Redelinghuys, Pillans 7695; between

Sauer and Kapteinskloof, Van Niekerk 616; Sauer,

Compton 15086.

32. Heliophila schulzii Marais in Bot-

halia 9 : 106 (1966). Type : Namaqualand,

Stokoe sub SAM 59126 (SAM!).

CRUCIFERAli

49

Fig. 6. — 1 , Heliophila pubescens, habit, x \ (Schlechter 8763); la, fruit, x 4(Drege s.n.). 2, H. collina, fruit, x

3 ( Leistner 400). 3, H. digitata, fruit, x 2 ( Stephens & Glover 8704). 4, H. refracta, fruit, x 2 (W. Docl

3384). 5a, H. schulzii, fruit, x 2; 5b, seed, x 12 ( Stokoe sub SAM 59126); 5c, seed, x 12 ( Leipoldt 3914).

6a, H. lactea, fruit, X 2; 6b, seed, x 12 (Acocks 19034); 6c, fruit, x 2; 6d, seed, x 12 {Van Son sub TRV

36622).

50

Cruciferae

Slender or stout annual herbs 15-45 cm

high, simple or with many ascending branch-

es; basal part of stem and sometimes the

axils of the branches shortly puberulous.

Leaves 5-12 cm long, entire or 3-lobed, the

lobes linear or linear-filiform; the upper

leaves entire, shorter; upper surface minutely

puberulous; stipules minute, caducous. Rac-

emes lax. Pedicels shortly puberulous at the

base, with 2 minute bracts; in flower slender,

erect; in fruit 1-1*5 cm long, wide-spreading

but finally sharply reflexed. Sepals 4*5-6 mm

long, 1*2-1 *9 mm broad, narrowly oblong

or oblong-elliptic, with membranous margins,

shortly puberulous; outer 2 cucullate, thick-

ened or very shortly horned at the apex;

inner 2 saccate. Petals 0*8-1 *2 cm long,

3 *5-7 *8 mm broad, obovate, cuneate or

clawed, each with an appendage. Filaments

3 *5-4 *5 mm and 4-5 mm long, the short

ones with appendages. Anthers 1 . 5-2 mm

long. Ovary linear; stigma large, capitate;

ovules (36-) 44-70 (-80). Fruits 3*5-6 cm

long, 1-1*8 mm broad, linear with straight

margins; valves 1 -nerved, strongly bulged by

the seeds, glabrous or puberulous all over, or

just near the base; style 1*8-3 *5 mm long,

straight or subclavate or very slightly swollen

in the lower half. Seeds Q-9-\ *4 x 0*7-1 mm.

suborbicular to oblong. Fig. 6 : 5.

Apparently confined to the Kamiesberg. The

flowering time is from August to October and the

flowers are described as blue or purple.

Cape. — Namaqualand : Brakdam, Schlechter

11147; Kamiesberg, De Kom, Leipoldt 3914; 3915;

Bowesdorp, Stokoe sub SAM 59126; Grootvlei,

Compton 17285.

33. Heliophila lactea Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 27 : 134 (1899); Schreiber in F.S.W.A.

48 : 7 (1966). Type : Schlechter 8192 (B!).

H. azureiflora Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 49 : 411

(1913). Type : Schlechter 11013 (B!). H. sparsiflora

Schltr., l.c. 417 (1913). Type : M. Schlechter 101

(B!).

Erect annual herbs 15-55 cm high,

laxly branched, sometimes the stem becoming

sub-woody towards the end of the season.

Stem glabrous or rarely only the lower few

nodes puberulous, often glaucous. Leaves

3*5-9 cm long, 0*5-1 mm broad, filiform or

linear, simple, glabrous. Racemes lax, several-

to many-flowered. Pedicels glabrous or

puberulous at the base, in flower 5-9 mm

long; in fruit 0*6-1 *3 cm long, sharply

reflexed or reflexed-spreading. Sepals 4 • 3-6 • 5

mm long, 1 • 3-2 mm broad, narrowly ob-

long, glabrous; outer 2 cucullate; inner 2

saccate. Petals 5*8-12 mm long, 2*5-9 mm

broad, narrowly obovate to subcircular-

obovate, clawed, with a conspicuous ap-

pendage. Filaments 3-5*5 mm and 3 • 5-6 mm

long, the short ones each with an appendage.

Anthers 1*5-2 *8 mm long. Ovary linear;

ovules 40-80. Fruits 1*5-6 *5 cm long, 1-1*8

mm broad, linear with straight margins;

valves 1 -nerved, bulged by the seeds, glab-

rous or minutely puberulous in the lower

half; style 1-6 mm long, straight or slightly

tapering or the short ones slightly swollen

Seeds 0*7-1 *3 x 0*5 -0*9 mm, suborbicular.

Fig. 6 : 6.

Widespread on sandy soil in the Vanrhynsdorp,

Calvinia and Namaqualand districts, less common in

the southern districts of South West Africa, with 1

record from the Colesberg district. The flowers are

mostly described as pale or light blue with white

centres, and the flowering period is from July to

October.

Cape. — Calvinia : Thode 1880; Soverby, Acocks

19034; Nieuwoudfville, Taylor 3974. Colesberg :

Noupoort, Acocks 19899. Namaqualand : Anenous,

Marloth 12232; Groen River, Drege 7566b; Witbank,

Pillans 5556; Garies, Esterliuysen 1351; Koisabes,

M. Schlechter 101. Vanrhynsdorp : Biuerfontein,

Schlechter 11013; Pearson 6519; Kareeberge,

Schlechter 8192.

S.W.A. — Liidetuz : Buchuberg, Dinter 6497;

Klinghardt Mts., Dinter 3900.

Two specimens said to b’ from Table Mountain

cannot be separated from this species. They are

Swiell 62 collected in 1886, received at Kew on 5

December 1892 (from Zurich?) and Schlechter 62

from Orange Kloof, collected 20 December 1891

(BOL). They very much look as if they might be

duplicates.

34. Heliophila linoides Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 27 : 135 (1899). Type : Schlechter

9216 (B!).

H. torulosa O.E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 537

(1931), partly, as to Bolus 13068.

Erect annual herbs 30-50 cm tall,

usually unbranched; lower few nodes pu-

berulous, the rest glabrous. Leaves 5-12 cm

long, 0*8-2 mm broad, entire or occasionally

with 1-2 pairs of small lobes, linear or fili-

form, mostly crowded in the lower part of

the stem, subtended by 2 minute caducous

Cruciferai;

51

stipules. Racemes terminal, lax. Pedicels sub-

tended by 2 minute bracts or ebracteate; in

flower 5-7 mm long; in fruit 7-10 mm long,

erect or erect-spreading. Sepals 4-6-8 mm

long, 1-2-1 -6 mm broad, narrowly oblong

with membranous margins; outer 2 cucullate,

thickened at the apex or shortly horn-tipped;

inner 2 saccate. Petals 6-10 mm long, 2-5-4

mm broad, narrowly obovate or elliptic-

obovate, clawed, rounded or subacute, each

with an appendage. Filaments 3 -5-5 -3 mm

and 3-8-6 mm long, each of the short ones

with a small appendage. Anthers 1 -2-1 -6 mm

long. Ovary linear; ovules 32-48. Fruits

4 5-8-5 cm long, 1-5-2 mm broad, linear,

the margins straight or slightly wavy but

hardly moniliform; valves flat, 3-nerved, the

outer nerves close to the margins and incon-

spicuous; style 3-3-6 mm long, stoutly sub-

ulate. Seeds 1-8-2 X 1-5-1 -6 mm, sub-

circular-oblong, winged. Fig. 2 : 2.

Recorded from Ceres, Clanwilliam, Worcester,

Paarl and Stellenbosch. The flowering time is from

August to October, and the flowers are described as

mauve.

Cape. — Ceres : Compton 11786. Clanwilliam :

Diamond Drift, Leipoldt 3919; Clanwilliam Dam,

Leistner 694. Paarl : Bainskloof, Leipoldt sub BOL

27131; French Hoek, Schlechter 9216. Stellenbosch:

Dnthie 1586; 1586a. Worcester : De Dooms, Bolus

13068; 13607, partly; Breede River, Bolus 2707.

Dnthie 1586a from Stellenbosch differs in the

basal few nodes and the upper surfaces of the lower

leaves being puberulous.

35. Heliophila remotiflora O. E. Schulz

in Bot. Archiv 31 : 536 (1931). Type : Barker

6 (K !).

H. torulosa O. E. Schulz, l.c. 537 (1931), partly, as to

Burchell 1689.

Glaucous annual herbs up to 60 cm

high; completely glabrous or the lower few

nodes of the stem puberulous. Leaves 2-10

cm long, filiform or linear, simple, somewhat

fleshy. Racemes terminal, very lax. Pedicels

slender, 4-6 mm long in flower; thick, re-

flexed, 6-9 mm long in fruit. Sepals 4-4-5

mm long, 1-1-3 mm broad, narrowly ob-

long, subpersistent; outer 2 cucullate; inner 2

saccate. Petals 4-5-6 mm long, 1—1 * 4 mm

broad, lanceolate, acuminate, each with a

large papillate appendage. Filaments 4 5-4-6

mm and 4 -8-4 -9 mm long, each of the short

ones with a small appendage. Anthers 1-1-5

mm long. Ovary linear; ovules 44-56. Fruits

4-5-5 cm long, 1-4-1 -9 mm broad, linear

with straight margins; valves 1 -nerved, bul-

ged by the seeds; style 1-8-5 mm long,

stoutly subulate. Seeds 1-3-1 -6 mm in

diameter, subcircular, narrowly margined.

Fig. 2 : 3.

Fairly widely distributed over the northern Cape,

and also recorded from Middelburg, generally found

on sand-dunes or in dry sandy river-beds. Flowering

from June to October; the flowers are pale blue or

pale mauve.

Cape. — Griqualand West : Barker 6. Hay : As-

bestos Mts., Burchell 1689. Kenhardt ; A cocks

14375. Kimberley : Leistner 2636; Brueckner 883;

Boskop, Acocks 1273. Kuruman ; 64 kilometres

W.S.W. of Vanzylsrus, Leistner 1500. Gordonia ;

Upington, Leistner 2611. Middelburg : Conway,

Gilfillan sub Galpin 5502.

36. Heliophila leptophylla Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 27 : 134 (1899). Type : Schlechter

8116 (B!).

Slender, glaucous annual herbs with

several erect or ascending stems 15-35 cm

high. Leaves 2 -5-5 cm long, linear or linear-

filiform, simple, glabrous, few, the stem

leaves smaller. Racemes terminal, lax. Pedi-

cels slender, glabrous or very slightly pu-

berulous at the base, in fruit 0-5-1 cm long,

wide-spreading becoming reflexed. Sepals

4-4-5 mm long, narrowly oblong, the inner

2 saccate. Petals 7-7-5 mm long, 2-8-3 mm

broad, obovate-elliptic, rounded, cuneate

with a conspicuous appendage. Filaments

3 mm and 3 • 5 mm long, each of the 2 short

ones with an appendage. Anthers 1 -2-1 -7 mm

long. Ovary linear; style slender; stigma

large, capitate; ovules 18-30. Fruits 2-5-6 cm

long, 1-5-1 -8 mm broad, linear, shallowly

moniliform; valves 1 -nerved, flat; style 3-4-5

mm long, stout, straight or slightly tapering.

Seeds 1-8-2 -3 X 11-1-3 mm. oblong, flat,

narrowly margined.

An insufficiently known species with pale blue

fllowers.

Cape. — Vanrhynsdorp ; Sout River, Schlechter

8116; Salter 3683.

37. Heliophila arenosa Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 27 : 133 (1899). Type : Schlechter

8531 (B!).

?//. stenocarpa Schltr., l.c. 139 (1899). Type :

Schlechter 8839 (B!).

52

CRUCI FERAE

Slender annual herbs 10-25 cm high,

simple, erect or with several ascending stems.

Stems generally glabrous, but occasionally

some plants puberulous in all vegetative

parts. Leaves pinnately 3-7-lobed, the lobes

linear or linear-filiform, short or long.

Racemes terminal, lax. Pedicels glabrous or

sparsely puberulous, in fruit wide-spreading

or ascending, 0-3-1 -2 cm long. Sepals

3 -5-4 -5 mm long, narrowly oblong; outer 2

cucullate; inner 2 with membranous margins.

Petals 5-8 mm long, 2-2-8 mm broad,

oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, subacute,

with a small, sometimes obsolete appendage.

Filaments 2 • 9-3 • 6 mm and 3 • 3-4 mm long ;

the 2 short ones with small appendages or

without. Anthers 0-8-1 mm long. Ovary

linear; ovules 20-40. Fruits 3-5 cm long,

1-1-5 mm broad, linear with straight mar-

gins; valves flat, 1- or obscurely 3-nerved;

style 1-5-6 -5 mm long, straight, cylindrical

or slightly swollen.

Cape. — Ceres : Swartruggens, Marais 1400.

Clanwilliam : Eselbank, Schlechter 8839; Suurfontein,

Schlechter 8531 ; Cedarberg, Kromme River, Ester-

hitysen 20517; Wolfberg, Esterhuysen 20569.

An insufficiently known species. Most plants in

the two Schlechter gatherings are glabrous, but some

individuals are densely short-puberulous in all parts.

Marais 1400 consists of only puberulous plants.

Differs from H. arenaria in he small flowers with

very narrow petals.

38. Heliophila arenaria Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 262 (1846); F.C.

1 ; 53 (1860). Type : Clanwilliam, Drege

7568 (K !).

Annual herbs, erect and branching

above, or with several decumbent stems, up

to 50 cm high. Stems densely and coarsely

hairy, or puberulous in the lower part only,

or subglabrous. Leaves 1-5-12 cm long,

simple or with 1-5 pairs of lobes, linear or

filiform, glabrous, puberulous or densely

hairy. Racemes terminal, lax, the rhachis sub-

glabrous. Pedicels 3-5-12 mm long in flower,

slender, erect, puberulous or sparsely hairy;

0-6-2 cm long in fruit, recurved, spreading

or erect. Sepals 2-5-5 8 mm long, 0-8-1 -8

mm broad, narrowly oblong, densely pubes-

cent to puberulous, rarely glabrous or densely

papillate; outer 2 cucullate; inner 2 saccate.

Petals 5-5-11-5 mm long, 3-8 mm broad,

oblong-obovate to subcircular-obovate, roun-

ded, clawed, each with an appendage (some-

times very small). Filaments 1-6-3 -8 mm

and 1-9-4 -3 mm long; each of the 2 short

ones with an appendage. Anthers 0-8-2 mm

long. Ovary linear, glabrous, sometimes

becoming densely puberulous at a very early

stage ; ovules 1 6—36. Fruits 1 • 5-5 • 5 cm long,

0-7-1 -5 mm broad, linear, sometimes very

slender, moniliform, the “beads” close toget-

her or separated by long, narrow waists, or

nearly straight-sided; valves 1 -nerved,

smooth, glabrous or puberulous; style 1-8-8

mm long, bulbous, clavate, cylindrical or

stoutly subulate. Seeds 1-2-1 -8 X 0-8-1 -3

mm, oval; very narrowly margined, or

0- 8-1-1 x 0-5-0 -7 mm, oval-elliptic, im-

marginate.

Widespread in the area from the Piketberg

district northwards to Vanrhynsdorp and inland to

Calvinia, but some of the varieties are of more

limited distribution. Four varieties are recognized.

Sepals densely papillate (d) var. agtertuinensis

Sepals glabrous, puberulous or pubescent but not

papillate:

Fruiting pedicels 1 -2-2 cm long, very slender,

wide-spreading or recurved; ovules 18-20;

fruiting style 1-2-3 mm long, subulate,

slender (c) var. glabrescens

Fruiting pedicels up to 1 - 2 cm long, compara-

tively stout, erect, spreading or reflexed;

ovules 16-36; fruiting style 1 -5-8-8 mm

long, bulbous, clavate, cylindrical or

stoutly subulate:

Fruiting style 1-5-3 -5 mm long, bulbous,

clavate or cylindrical; ovules 16-36;

fruits moniliform, the seeds close to-

gether or separated by narrow waists,

0-8-1 -2 mm broad, glabrous or pube-

rulous (a) var. arenaria

Fruiting style 3 - 8—8 - 8 mm long, stoutly

cylindrical-subulate; ovules 28-36;

fruits nearly straight-sided or sub-

moniliform, 1—1 - 5 mm broad, glab-

rous (b) var. acocksii

(a) var. arenaria.

Marais in Bothalia 9 ; 97 (1966).

H. arenaria Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb.

1 : 262 (1846); F.C. 1 : 53 (1860). Type : Clanwilliam,

Drege 7568 (K.!). H. sabulosa Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb.

27 : 138 (1899). Type : Vanrhynsdorp, Schlechter

8339 (B !). H. maximilianii Schltr., l.c. 316 (1899).

Type : Vanrhynsdorp, Schlechter 8229 (B !). H.

lightfootii Phill. in Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 9 : 111 (1913).

Type : Vanrhynsdorp, Phillips 7683 (SAM!).

CRUCI FERAE 53

d.e.

Fig. 7. — 1, Heliophila arenaria var. glabrescens, habit, x -j. 2, H. arenaria var. acocksii, fruit, x 2 {Acock s

19750). 3, H. arenaria var. arenaria, fruit, x 2 ( Bolus 23175); 4, fruit, x 2 ( Story 4300). 5, H. africana,

fruit, X 1 (W. Dod 3685); 6, fruit, X 1 ( Acocks 19759). 7, H. coronopifolia, fruit, X 2 (W. Dod 3099); 8,

fruit, X 1 ( Zeyher 47).

54

Cruciferae

Plants generally sparsely leafy with the

lower, sub-rosulate leaves dying off early.

The bright blue flowers are mostly on the

small side. The valves of the fruits sometimes

have hard, solid, hemispherical or spherical

outgrowths over the seeds, but not on all the

fruits of any plant, nor over all the seeds in a

fruit. These growths can be regularly op-

posite, regularly alternate or just irregular.

The fruits are 0 • 8-1 • 2 mm broad ; the fruiting

styles, even on the same plant variable as to

shape and length. The seeds measure 1 • 2-1 • 6

X 0-8-1 mm. Fig. 7 : 3, 4.

Widespread in the Piketberg, Clanwilliam,

Calvinia and Vanrhynsdrop districts. The flowering

period is mainly during August and September.

Cape. — Calvinia : Between Nieuwoudtville and

Oorlogskloof, Leipoldi 3959; 3934; Lokenburg,

Acocks 17347; Story 4300. Clanwilliam : Pakhuis

Pass, Compton 6849; Gillett 4066; Ebenezer, Drege

7568; between Grey’s Pass and Graafwater, Leipoldt

3917. Piketberg : Between Verloren Vlei and

Rooikransberg, Pillans 7931. Vanrhynsdorp ;

Windhoek, Schlechter 8339; Gif berg, Phillips 7683;

Kareeberg, Schlechter 8229.

Some completely glabrous plants are sometimes

found in a typical hairy community. Even the sepals

seem to be completely glabrous from the earliest bud-

stage. Since this is the only character in which they

differ no separate status has been accorded to them.

(b) var. acocksii Marais in Bothalia

9 : 97 (1966). Type : Calvinia, Acocks 19750

(PRE!).

These plants are in general more densely

hairy. The flowers, if not always much bigger,

are never as small as in var. arenaria (petals

6-11-5 X 4-5-8 mm). The fruits are 1-1-5

mm broad, nearly straight-sided or submonili-

form, and tipped by stout cylindrical-subulate

styles 3 -8-8 -8 mm long. Seeds 1-2-1 -8 x

0-7-1 -3 mm. Fig. 7 : 2.

Apparently confined to the mountains between

Clanwilliam, Calvinia and Vanrhynsdorp. The deep

blue flowers are produced from July to September.

Cape. — Calvinia : Lokenburg, Acocks 19750;

Leistner 317; between Nieuwoudtville and Oorlogs-

kloof, Leipoldt 3960; Botterkloof Pass, Compton

20898. Clanwilliam : Between Pakhuis and Wupper-

thal, Leipoldt 3968; between Pakhuis and Bidouw,

Bolus 8922. Vanrhynsdorp : Tigerberg, Lewis 4759;

Urionskraal, Barker 8554.

(c) var. glabrescens ( O.E . Schulz) Marais

in Bothalia 9 : 97 (1966). Type : Piketberg,

Stephens & Glover 8705 (K !).

H. sabulosa var. glabrescens O.E. Schulz in Bot.

Archiv 31 : 541 (1931).

Slender, many-stemmed annuals, glab-

rous except for the minutely puberulous

pedicels and buds. The pedicels are very

slender, 0-6-1 -2 cm long in flower, 1-2-2 cm

long in fruit. The fruits are 2-4-5 cm long,

0-7-1 mm broad, linear, moniliform; the

ovary has 18-20 ovules. Seeds 0- 8-1-1 x

0-5-0 -7 mm. Fig. 7:1.

Known from the Piketberg and Clanwilliam

districts. The blue flowers are produced in September.

Cape. — Clanwilliam : Pakhuis, Salter 7513; Paleis-

heuwel, Barker 6718; between Grey's Pass and

Graafwater, Leipoldt 3918, partly. Piketberg : Het

Kruis, Stephens & Glover 8705; Leighton 88; Compton

15019.

(d) var. agtertuinensis {O.E. Schulz ) Ma-

rais in Bothalia 9 : 98 (1966). Type : Clan-

william, Schlechter 10858 (B!).

H. maximilianii var. agtertuinensis O.E. Schulz in

Bot. Archiv 31 : 540 (1931).

Erect annuals up to 50 cm tall, glabrous

except for the densely papillate sepals, and

sometimes the base of the pedicels and the

axils of the branches are slightly papillate.

The fruiting pedicels are 6-10 mm long,

stout, erect or ascending. The fruits are

2-5-6 cm long, 1-2-1 -4 mm broad, linear,

the margins straight; style 2-5-7 mm long,

conical or conical-fusiform when mature;

ovules 24-30. Seeds 1-3-1 -4 x 0.8-1 mm.

Known only from the northern part of the

Clanwilliam district. Flowering time is during

August and September, and the flowers are blue.

Cape. — Clanwilliam : Agtertuin, Schlechter 10858;

Bulshoek, Johnson 185; Nardouw Road, Barker

2383.

39. Heliophila descurva Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 49 : 412 (1913). Type : Clanwilliam,

Schlechter 5048 (B !).

H. carponemoides Schltr., l.c. (1913) (sphalm.

carponematoides). Type : Clanwilliam, Schlechter

8759 (B!).

Erect annual herbs 30-60 cm high,

simple or branched from the base, glaucous;

lower part of stem and leaves thinly puberu-

lous, also the young growth, pedicels and

sepals. Leaves 5-15 cm long, 1-1-8 mm

broad, linear, simple or few-lobed near the

apex, fleshy; lower leaves opposite, minutely

stipulate; upper leaves alternate, exstipulate.

Cruciff.raf,

55

Racemes terminal, lax. Pedicels 3-7-5 mm

long in flower, slender; 0-6-1 -2 cm long in

fruit, stout, sharply deflexed. Sepals 2 -5-4 -5

mm long, narrowly oblong, semi-persistent;

outer 2 cucullate; inner 2 slightly saccate.

Petals 4-5-8 mm long, 1 -3-2-9 mm broad,

obovate, clawed, each with a small append-

age. Filaments 3 • 3-3 • 7 mm and 3 • 9-4 • 3 mm

long, each of the 2 short ones with a small

appendage. Anthers 0- 8-1 • 3 mm long. Ovary

linear; ovules 22-30. Fruits 3-7-5 cm long,

1 -8-2-5 mm broad, linear with straight

margins; valves flat, 3-nerved; style 6-11 mm

long, stout, subulate to conical-subulate.

Seeds 1-8-2 x 1-2-1 -5 mm, oblong. Fig.

2 : 9.

Known from the mountains between and around

Clanwilliam, Vanrhynsdorp, the south-western part

of Calvinia district, and Ceres, with one record from

the Swellendam district. A spring-flowering annual;

the blue or mauve flowers sometimes dry a deep pink

colour.

Cape. — Calvinia : Lokenburg, Acocks 18464;

Niewoudtville, Marais 1431. Ceres : Suurvlakte,

Marais 1420. Clanwilliam : Marais 1441; Rondegat,

Sclilechier 5048; Koudeberg, Sclilecliter 8759. Swel-

lendam ; Barrydale, Bayliss 1698. Vanrhynsdorp :

Windhoek, Sclilecliter 8339, partly.

40. Heliophila aftinis Soiul. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 208 (1846); F.C. 1 : 39

(1860). Type : Namaqualand, Drege (K!).

H. leiicantha Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 41 : 415 (1913).

Type : Namaqualand, Sclilecliter 11171 (B!).

Slender annual herbs up to 35 cm high,

simple or branched; basal few nodes sparsely

hairy or puberulous, the rest glabrous.

Leaves 2-5-7 cm long, 0-5-1 -8 mm broad,

filiform or linear-filiform, simple, glabrous.

Racemes terminal, lax. Pedicels 4-7-5 mm

long in flower, slender, erect, puberulous;

0-8-1 -2 cm long in fruit, stout, sharply de-

flexed or recurved. Sepals 3-3-8 mm long,

narrowly oblong; outer 2 cucullate, shortly

horn-tipped; inner 2 slightly saccate with

membranous margins. Petals 5 -8-7 -5 mm

long, 3 -5-4 -8 mm broad, broadly obovate,

clawed. Filaments 2-2-4 mm and 2 -3-2 -8

mm long. Anthers 1 mm long. Ovary with

14-20 ovules. Fruits 2-4 cm long, 1-3-1 -5

mm broad, linear with straight margins;

valves 1 -nerved, slightly bulged by the seeds,

glabrous or puberulous; style 2-5 mm long,

stout, narrowly cylindrical or slightly taper-

ing. Fig. 2 : 10.

47631-5

Apparently restricted to Namaqualand. The

flowering period is from August to September.

Sonder describes the flowers as being yellowish;

Schlechter and Barker describe them as white. Some

of the dried specimens show a pinkish colour in the

lower half of the petals.

Cape. — Namaqualand : Okiep, Morris sub Bolus

5578; Waterklip, Sclilecliter 11171; between Uitkoms

and Geelbekskraal, Drege s.n.; Kamieskroon, Barker

2385; Kamiesberg, Drege sub SAM 14050; Elleboogs-

fontein, Drege sub PRE 24430.

41. Heliophila africana (L.) Marais

comb. nov.

Clieirantlius africanus L., Amoen. Acad. 6 : 90

(1760) (= PI. Rar. Afr. nr. 23). Type : Leucojum

africanum etc., Herrn., Lugd. 364, t.365 (1687).

Heliophila integrifolia L., Sp. PI. ed. 2, 2 : 926

(1763), excl. syn. Plukenet; Jacq., Ic. Rar. 3, t.506

(1790); O.E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 519 (1931);

Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 417 (1950); nom.

illeeit. Type ; as above. H. pilosa Lam.. Encycl.

3 :~90 (1789); DC., Syst. 2 : 686 (1821); Sond. in

Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 239 (1846); F.C. 1 : 47

(1860), nom. illegit. ? H. frutescens Lam., , Encycl. 3: 91

(1789), nom. dub. H. arabioides Sims in Bot. Mag.

t.496 (1800). H. pilosa var. integrifolia (L.) DC., l.c.

(1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 239

(1846); F.C. 1 : 47 (1860). — var. incisa DC., l.c.

(1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 240

(1846); F.C. 1 : 48 (1860). Type : Bot. Mag. t.496.

H. cligitata DC., l.c. (1821), non L.f. H. incisa DC.,

l.c. 687 (1821). Type : Masson s.n. (BM!). H. incana

sensu Thunb., FI. Cap. ed. Schult. 494 (1823). H.

stricta Sims in Bot. Mag. t.2526 (1825). H. divaricata

sensu Eckl. & Zeyh., Enunt. 10, No. 76 (1834-5).

H. rostrata Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 10(1845); O. E. Schulz,

l.c. 536 (1931). Type : Drege s.n. H. pilosa var.

digitata sensu Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb.

1 : 240 (1846); F.C. 1 : 47 (1860), excl. syn. L.f. and

Thunberu. — var. glabrata Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 240 (1846); F.C. 1 : 48 (1860). Type :

same as H. incisa DC. — var. debilis Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 240 (1846); F.C. 1 : 48

(1860). Type : Ecklon & Zeyher 74b. H. stricta

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Flamb. 1 : 236 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 47 (1860), nom. illegit., non Sims. Type

Ecklon & Zeyher No. 76. H. dissecta sensu Sond. in

Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 202 (1846); F.C. 1 :

38 (1860), partly, as to syn. Pacliystyltun glabruni

Eckl. & Zeyh. H. integrifolia var. digitata sensu

0. E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv 31 : 519 (1931); Adamson

in FI. Cape Penins. 417 (1950), partly, excl. syn.

L.f. — var. incisa (DC.) O. E. Schulz, l.c. 520 (1931).

Type : Bot. Mag. t.496. — var. gymnocalycina O. E.

Schulz, l.c. (1931); Adamson, l.c. (1950). Type not

indicated. — var. glabrata (Sond.) O. E. Schulz,

1. c. (1931). — var. glabrata f. oblongifolia O. E. Schulz,

l.c. (1931). Type not indicated. H. integrifolia var.

debilis (Sond.) O. E. Schulz, l.c. (1931). H. trichi-

nostyla Phill. in Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 9 : 112 (1913).

Syntypes : Phillips 7577 ; 7621 .

Pachystylum glabruni Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 13,

No. 100 (1834-5).

56

Cruciferae

Orthoselis pilosa (Lam.) Spach, Hist. Veg. & Phan.

6 : 453 (1938), nom. illegit.

Annual herbs up to 135 cm high, usually

reaching 60-70 cm, weak or robust, erect

and simple or sparsely branched, or with

several decumbent stems; whole plant densely

to thinly pilose or almost glabrous. Leaves

up to 13 cm long, 3-5-12 mm broad, linear-

lanceolate to narrowly oblong or broadly

oblanceolate, entire or with few to several

irregular lobes, or leaves short, broad, cun-

eate with broad lobes; hairy or both or only

on the lower surface or subglabrous. Racemes

lax, elongate. Pedicels 0-6-1 -2 cm long in

flower; 0-8-1 -7 cm long in fruit, mostly

erect, sometimes spreading, rarely reflexed;

densely hairy to glabrous; Sepals 4 -8-6 -5

mm long, oblong, hairy or glabrous; outer 2

cucullate, thickened or very shortly horn-

tipped at the apex; inner 2 saccate. Petals

6-5-11 mm long, 3-7 mm broad, narrowly

obovate to circular-obovate, each petal with

1 (or rarely with 2) appendage. Filaments

3-4-3 mm and 3-5-5 mm long; the 2 short

ones always with an appendage, rarely the 4

long ones also with appendages. Anthers

1 • 5-3 mm long. Ovary thinly pilose or glab-

rous; stigma large, capitate; ovules (10-)

32-52. Fruits 3-10 cm long; 1-6-2 -5 mm

broad, linear, subterete or compressed, with

straight margins; valves 3- or obscurely 5-

nerved, glabrous or hairy; style 2-6 (-17) mm

long, stoutly subulate, clavate, conical or

bulbous, glabrous or sometimes with stiff,

coarse hairs. Seeds 1-7-2 -3 X 1-2-2 mm,

subcircular or broadly oblong. Fig. 7 : 5.

A widespread species extending from Namaqualand

to the Swellendam district, but more frequent in the

central part of the area between the Peninsula and

the Clanwilliam districts. The flowers are variously

described as blue, mauve or purple. The main flow-

ering period is from August to October.

Cape. — Bellville : Blouberg, Acocks 19073; Ecklon

& Zeyher 50. Bredasdorp : Danger Point, Stokoe

sub SAM 59118. Caledon : Baths, Hutchinson 514;

Swartberg, Ecklon & Zeyher 74. Clanwilliam : Acocks

19759; Pakhuis Pass, Hardy 802; Van Breda 1418;

Suurfontein, Schlechter 8550; Sandveld, Leipoldt

3907; 4055; Citrusdal, Steyn 387; Maguire 273.

Malmesbury : Theron 2046; Mamre, Kies 147;

Wasserfall 996; Hopefield, Bolus 12607. Namaqua-

land : Waterklip, Schlechter 11165; Garies, Barker

2400. Paarl : Drege s.n. Peninsula : Ecklon & Zeyher

73; Table Mtn., Bolus 2704; Simonstown, Schlechter

1203; Rondebosch, Esterhuysen 23547. Piketberg :

Boskloof, Compton 15070; Piketberg Mtn.,

Schlechter 5225; Olifants River, Stephens 7208; 7210.

Robertson : Mcgregor, Walgate 333a. Stellenbosch :

Strand, Parker 3592; Strey 718. Swellendam :

Buffeljags River, Zeyher sub SAM 28087. Tulbagh :

Marloth 7915. Vanrhynsdorp : Gifberg, Phillips

7577; 7621. Wellington : Dal Josaphat, Grant 2351;

Thomson sub PRE 28948. Worcester : Van Breda

130; Bergvallei, Ecklon & Zeyher 76.

The cultivated specimen which De Candolle

identified with Heliophila filiformis L.f., and on

which he based the section Carponema with inde-

hiscent fruits, is still in the British Museum of Natural

History. The fruits seem abnormal, but are definitely

not indehiscent, and the specimen undoubtedly

belongs to H. africana. The type specimen of H.

filiformis L.f., and of Carponema filiforme (L.f.)

Eckl. & Zeyh., is just a form of H. coronopifolia L.

I have not seen the Ecklon & Zeyher specimen

named Carponema filiforme, nor the Drege specimen

which Sonder included with the Ecklon & Zeyher

gathering under this species. Sonder's drawings and

description, however, leave no doubt that they are

H. africana.

The three specimens from Wellington district fit

accurately Schulz’s detailed description of H. rostrata

Presl, characterised by each petal having 2, and the

6 filaments each having 1 appendage, and having

fewer, ± 12 ovules. Phillips 7577 and 7621, the

syntypes of H. trichinostyla Phillips, have con-

spicuous stiff hairs on the swollen fruiting styles.

Here also belong Leipoldt 3942; 4055; Maguire 1047;

Marais 1433 and Pearson 5323 from the Vanrhyns-

dorp and Clanwilliam districts. These can be dis-

tinguished from the bulk of H. africana, but there is

no point in separating just a few of the forms from

such a variable species.

H. stricta Sond., a later homonym of H. stricta

Sims (1825), cannot be separated from H. africana.

The hairiness of the plants varies greatly according

to the situation in which they grow. In the open they

are densely pilose while plants of the same community

growing under bushes can be almost completely

glabrous.

Guthrie 2541 from Groenvlei, Piketberg, and

Wasserfall 424 from Philadelphia are remarkable

for the length of the styles, which are 1-1.7 cm long.

42. Heliophila brassicaefolia Eckl. &

Zeyh., Enum. 12, No. 89 (1834-5); Sond. in

Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 242 (1846);

F.C. 1 ; 48 (1860). Type : Queenstown,

Ecklon & Zeyher 89 (SAM!).

Glabrous herbs with annual sterns from

a perennial crown, up to 60 cm tall. Leaves

4 -5-6 -5 cm long, 0-7-1 -5 cm broad, ob-

lanceolate-oblong, sessile, auriculate-amplex-

icaul, acute. Racemes terminal, many-flow-

ered. Pedicels 1-5-2 -5 cm long in flower,

slender, arching, lengthening and recurving

with age. Sepals 5-7 mm long, oblong;

outer 2 cucullate, shortly horn-tipped; inner

Crucifhrae

57

2 saccate. Petals 6-5-10 mm long, 4 -5-5 mm

broad, broadly obovate, clawed, each with a

large papillate appendage. Filaments 3 -8-4 -4

mm and 4-4-9 mm long, the 2 short ones

each with a large, papillate appendage.

Anthers 1-5-1 -9 mm long. Ovary narrowly

elliptic or ± oblong, shortly stipitate; style

stout, stigma capitate; ovules 4-8. Fruits not

seen.

A summer-flowering herb with rosy-pink flowers

from the mountains of the eastern Cape, at an

altitude of 1,500-1 ,700 metres.

Cape.— Adelaide : Great Winterberg, Ford sub

Marloth 11393. Queenstown : Shilo, Ecklon &

Zeyher 89; Katberg, Galpin 1710; 8338.

43. Heliophila cinerea Marais , nom.

nov.

H. incana Ait., Hort. Kew. ed. 1,2 : 397 (1789),

excl. ref. Laur. Burm. in Nov. Act. Reg. Soc. Sci.

Upsal. 1 : 94, t.7 (1773), non Burm. f. (1768); Sond. in

F.C. 1 : 53 (1860), excl. syn. Lam.; Adamson in FI.

Cape Penins. 418 (1950). Type : Masson s.n. (BM!).

Perennial herbs, woody at the base;

branches decumbent or erect, up to 60 cm

high; stem densely hirsute. Leaves 0-8-3 -5

cm long, 2-12 mm broad, oblong, narrowly

obovate or spathulate, rounded or acute,

densely hirsute. Racemes terminal, many-

flowered, the rhachis thinly hirsute. Pedicels

hairy; in flower c. 6 mm long, erect; in fruit

c. 1 cm long, erect. Sepals 8-10 mm long,

oblong, densely hirsute, especially when

young; all saccate, the inner 2 strongly; all

cucullate and thickened at the apex. Petals

11-5 mm long, 5 mm broad (and probably

bigger) elliptic or ± oblong above the claw,

each with a large papillate appendage.

Filaments 3 • 5-5 mm and 4-5 • 5 mm long, the

2 short ones each with a papillate appendage.

Anthers 2 -5-2 -8 mm long. Ovary linear,

densely hirsute; ovules 32-40. Fruits 6-8 cm

long, 2-5-3 mm broad, linear; valves shortly

and thinly hirsute, glabrescent, 3-nerved;

base of the style globose with a thin point, as

wide as the valves, 2-5-5 mm long.

Known only from the shore of the southern tip

of the Peninsula.

Cape.— Peninsula : Platboom, Compton 12302a;

12302b; Cape Maclear, Salter 1808; Cape Point,

Godman 866; Buffels Bay, Compton 6020.

According to the Flora of the Cape Peninsula,

the flowers are deep blue and the fruits almost

cylindrical but, judging by the cited specimens and

notes by collectors, the flowers are lavender, blue-

mauve or cobalt-blue, and the fruits are compressed.

44. Heliophila cuneata Marais in Bot-

halia 9 : 101 (1966). Type : Stellenbosch,

Taylor 5839 (PRE!).

Straggling shrubs up to 1 -3 m high with

long weak branches; young branches sparsely

pilose. Leaves 3—6 - 5 cm long, 1-5-3 cm

broad, cuneate or obovate-cuneate, gra-

dually narrowed below, 5-9-dentate or lobu-

late-dentate in the upper half; sparsely to

densely pilose or hirsute on the upper surface,

less densely hairy to glabrous underneath.

Racemes terminal, many-flowered, contracted

in flower, very lax in fruit; rhachis glabrous.

Sepals 7-9 • 5 mm long, linear-oblong, densely

pilose; outer 2 cucullate; inner 2 saccate with

broad membranous margins. Petals 10-16-5

mm long, 6-5-11-5 mm broad, obovate,

rounded, shortly clawed, each with a papillate

appendage. Filaments 4-5-5 mm and 5-5-7

mm long, the short ones each with a large

appendage. Anthers 3-3-5 mm long. Ovary

oblong with a long, slender style as long as or

longer than the ovary; ovules 6-8. Fruits 6-8

cm long (including the style), 7-8 mm broad,

linear-oblong with straight margins; valves

flattened, strongly 3-nerved (sometimes with

2 or 4 additional weaker veins); style 1 • 1-1 -4

cm long, stoutly subulate. Seeds 6x5 mm,

subcircular, winged. Fig. 8:1.

Known only from the one locality where it was

first recorded in 1960. A spring-flowering shrub

growing among boulders in scrub vegetation. The

flowers are blue with a white centre.

Cape. — Stellenbosch : Jonkershoek, Swartbos-

kloof, Van der Merwe 22-58; Taylor 5839; Marais

1451.

45. Heliophila linearis ( Thunb .) DC.,

Syst. 2 : 697 (1821). Type : Thunherg Herb.

No. 15167 (UPS!).

Perennial herbs, sometimes woody near

the base, stout and erect up to 90 cm high,

or with straggly or decumbent stems, glab-

rous or pilose, especially near the base and

on the young growth, sometimes glaucous.

Leaves 2-12 cm long, 0-8-17 mm broad,

filiform to elliptic-oblong or obovate, entire

or with a few small lobes, acute, mucronate,

sessile, sometimes ± amplexicaul, often fleshy,

glabrous or thinly hairy and ciliate. Racemes

58

Cruciferae

dense in flower, lax in fruit. Pedicels 0-5-1 ■ 1

cm long in flower, erect; 1-1-7 cm long in

fruit, erect or curved to bring the fruits into

an erect position. Sepals 5-9-5 mm long,

1-3-2 -6 mm broad, narrowly oblong to

oblong-ovate, glabrous to densely hairy;

outer 2 cucullate, shortly horn-tipped or

thickened at the apex; inner 2 saccate, or all

4 with a thick horn-like or callose tip. Petals

7-12 mm long, 3-3-6 mm broad, obovate-

oblong to obovate-circular, each with a

large papillate appendage. Filaments 3-5 mm

and 3 • 5-6 mm long, each of the 2 short ones

with a large papillate appendage. Anthers

1-9-3 -2 mm long. Ovary glabrous or hairy;

ovules 20-50. Fruits 2-5-11 cm long, 1-8-4

mm broad, linear with straight margins or

irregularly wavy; valves flat, 3-nerved; style

1 • 5-8 mm long, stoutly subulate or bulbous

to ovoid-cuspidate. Seeds variable, flat,

winged.

A common species of the Cape coast between

Malmesbury and Bathurst. Three varieties are

recognized.

Leaves i amplexicaul, oblanceolate to oblong;

sepals densely pilose, especially near the

base, rarely glabrous ; each with a thick horn-

like or callose tip; petals 7-12 x 5-6 mm;

anthers 2 • 5-3 -2 mm (c) var. reticulata

Leaves not amplexicaul, filiform to oblanceolate;

sepals glabrous to pilose, only the outer 2

shortly horn-tipped or thickened; petals

7 — 10 X 3 -3-5 -5mm; anthers 1 -9-2-8 mm:

Ovules 20-32; fruit 3-9-5 cm x 2-3-4 mm;

seeds 3 - 3—6 x 1-9-3 -5 mm; summer-

autumn flowering (b) var. linearifolia

Ovules 30-50; fruit 2.5-7 cm x (1.5-) 1.8-2. 5

mm; seeds 1.7-2. 5 (-2.8) x 1.4-2. 3 mm;

spring-summer flowering (a) var. linearis

(a) var. linearis.

Marais in Bothalia 9 : 99 (1966).

H. linearis (Thunb.) DC., Syst. 2 ; 697 (1821);

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 238 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 47 (1860). Type : Thunberg Herb. No.

15167 (UPS!). H. linearifolia var. Iiirsuta Burch, ex

DC., l.c. 692 (1821). Type : Burchell 5518 (K !).

— var. pilosiuscula Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb.

1 : 253 (1846); F.C. 1 : 51 (1860), norn. illegit. H.

falcata Eckl. & Zeyh., Enurn. 11, No. 77 (1834-5).

Type : Ecklon & Zeyher 77 (K!). Ft. tenuis N.E. Br.

in Kew Bull. 1894 : 99 (1894). Type : Pappe s.n.(K!).

Cheiranthus linearis Thunb., Prodr. 108 (1800).

Type : Thunberg Herb. No. 15167 (UPS!).

Plants stout and erect or with straggly,

decumbent stems. Leaves 1 • 5-8 • 5 cm long,

1-5-14 mm broad, oblanceolate-oblong to

linear-lanceolate, entire or with a few small

lobes. The flowers are generally described as

blue, occasionally the colour is given as

mauve, violet, purple or white. The flowering

time is mainly from August to December.

Mostly found on sand-dunes or close to the

sea, but a few specimens have been collected

from higher altitudes further inland. Fig. 8 : 5.

Widespread along the coast between Caledon and

Alexandria.

Cape. — Albany : MacOwan 1927. Bredasdorp :

Brandfontein, Esterhuysen 18987. Caledon : Rogers

29038; Pappe s.n. George : Dysseldorp, Acocks

20593. Humansdorp : Storms River, Taylor 3727.

Knysna : Ruigtevlei, Fourcade 1558. Oudtshoorn :

Moeras River, Esterhuysen 19487. Port Elizabeth :

Long 1303; 1111. Riversdale : Acocks 21342; Alber-

tinia, Muir 1587. Uitenhage : Ecklon & Zeyher 77;

241 ; Thode 627 . Uniondale : Fourcade 1702.

(b) var. linearifolia (Burch, ex DC.)

Marais in Bothalia 9 : 99 (1966). Syntypes :

Burchell 347; 793 (Kl).

H. linearifolia Burch, ex DC., Syst. 2 : 692 (1821);

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 252 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 51 (1860). — var. dolichocarpa O.E. Schulz

in Bot. Archiv 31 : 540 (1931). Type : Rogers s.n.

(K!).

A slightly more robust variety, more

woody at the base, and mostly more densely

hairy than var. linearis. The leaves are 2-12

cm long, 0-8-7 mm broad, filiform to

lanceolate or oblanceolate. The flowers are

blue, ranging from pale to dark, mostly in

flower between December and February.

The fruits are wider than those of var.

linearis, and the margins tend to be more

wavy. Fig. 8 : 6.

Cape. — Caledon : Vogelgat, Schlechter 10412;

Stanford, Gillett 4268. Knysna : Fourcade 2017;

3922. Malmesbury ; Langebaan, Acocks 15220;

Salter 3006. Peninsula : Table Mtn., Rogers 3045;

Constantia, Pillans 10815; Camps Bay, Burchell

347; between Wynberg and Constantia, Burchell 793.

Riversdale : Schlechter 1993. Stellenbosch ; Strand,

Parker 3900.

(c) var. reticulata (Eckl. & Zeyli.)Marais

in Bothalia 9 : 99 (1966). Type : Cape Agul-

has, Ecklon & Zeyher 90 (SAM !).

H. reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. No. 90 (1834—5);

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 243 (1896);

Cruciferae

59

F.C. 1 : 48 (1860). H. christieana O. E. Schulz in

Bot. Archiv 31 : 530 (1931). Type : Humansdorp,

Christie 49 (B!). H. cornigera Fourc. in Trans. Roy.

Soc. S. Afr. 21 : 90 (1932). Type : Humansdorp,

Fomcade 1815a (BOL!).

More robust than the other two varieties

and conspicuous through the larger flowers

with very hairy sepals (only rarely glabrous),

each of which is tipped with a big glabrous

callus. Fig. 8 : 7.

Known from coastal dunes in two areas some

400 kilometres apart. The specimens I have seen are

obviously very closely related, but vary in indumen-

tum of the sepals and pedicels, and in size of the seeds.

They may represent a series of polyploids of var.

linearis.

Cape. — Bredasdorp : Van Breda 813; Pearly

Beach, Taylor 4043 ; Cape Agulhas, Ecklon & Zeyher

90. Caledon : Radloff sub STE 13320; Walker Bay,

Walsli sub Compton Herb. 3036. Humansdorp :

Christie 49; Slang River, Fourcade 1815a. Port Eliza-

beth : Cape Recife, Paterson 1942. Without exact

locality : Thunberg Herb. No. 15145 (as Cheiranthus

cheiri).

46. Heliophila cornuta Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 246, t.28 (1846).

Type ; Clanwilliam, Zeyher s.n. (K!).

Erect, virgate or straggling shrubs up to

1-5 m high; stems glabrous or the lower

young branches minutely puberulous, glau-

cous. Leaves 1-5-12 cm long, 0-5-3 mm

broad, filiform to linear-oblanceolate, fleshy,

terete, glaucous, glabrous or the lower leaves

minutely puberulous. Racemes lax. Pedicels

glabrous or puberulous; in flower 0-5-1 -3

cm long, slender, erect; in fruit 0-7-1 -5 cm

long, recurved or wide-spreading. Sepals

4 -5-8 -5 mm long, 1-2-8 mm broad, narrowly

oblong, glabrous or puberulous, subper-

sistent; outer 2 cucullate, the tip thickened or

with a hollow 0-8-1 -8 mm long horn arising

shortly below the tip; inner 2 saccate,

occasionally with a short horn. Petals 6-5-

10-5 mm long, 2-3-6 mm broad, elliptic-

lanceolate to broadly elliptic, subacute or

rounded, each with a large appendage.

Filaments 4-6 mm and 4 -5-6 -5 mm long,

the 2 short ones each with an appendage.

Anthers 1-5-2 -9 mm long. Ovary linear with

a slender style; ovules 14-38. Fruits 3-10 cm

long, 1 -5-2-7 mm broad, linear, monili-

form; valves 1-3-nerved; style 3-6 mm long,

stoutly subulate. Seeds 2-3-3 X 1-2 mm,

narrowly winged.

A widespread species extending from the southern

part of South West Africa along the mountains to

Uniondale and inland as far as Richmond. Two

varieties are recognized.

Plants completely glabrous; sepals 4 -5-7 X 1-1-9

mm, the outer 2 always with a hollow 0-8-

1.8 mm long horn, the inner 2 frequently

with shorter horns; petals 6-5-9 X 2-3-3

mm, subacute; ovules(14~) 18-24; fruits4-5-

7 cm x 1 -5-2-4 mm, moniliform; flowering

period mainly from July to August; known

from Vanrhynsdorp, Calvinia and Clan-

william (a) var. cornuta

Plants not usually completely glabrous; young

stems, young leaves, pedicels and sepals

frequently minutely puberulous; sepals 5-

8-5 X 1 • 3-2 • 8 mm, thickened at the apex

but never horn-tipped; petals 7-10- 5 x 2-5-6

mm, rounded; ovules (18-) 28-38; fruits 3-10

cm X 1. 8-2. 7 mm, submoniliform; flowering

period mainly from September to November;

widely distributed in the Cape and into

South West Africa (b) var. squamala

(a) var. cornuta.

Marais in Bothalia 8 : 167 (1964).

H. cornuta Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 :

246, t.28 (1846); F.C. 1 : 49 (1860). Type : Clan-

william, Zeyher s.n. (Kl).

Glaucous shrublets, easily recognised by

the conspicuous horns on the sepals and the

narrow petals. The flowers are described as

blue, pink or mauve, and the flowering period

is during late winter. The habitat is in arid

fynbos of the Vanrhynsdorp, Calvinia and

Clanwilliam districts. Fig. 8 : 4.

Cape. — Calvinia : Lokenburg, Acocks 16873;

18475; Nieuwoudtville, Leipoldt sub Bolus 9395.

Clanwilliam : Wupperthal, Drege 3164; Brakfontein,

Schlechter 4983; 7993 ; Brandewyns River, Esterhuysen

5803. Vanrhynsdorp : Drege (It. scop aria Burch, a);

Heerenlogement, Zeyher 44; Esterhuysen 5580.

(b) var. squamata ( Schltr .) Marais in Bot-

halia 8 ; 167 (1964); Schreiber in F.S.W.A.

48 : 6 (1966). Type : Vanrhynsdorp, Schlech-

ter 8221 (B !).

H. squamata Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 27 : 139 (1899).

Differs from var. cornuta in the shallowly

moniliform fruits, in the number of ovules,

the bigger flowers with broad, rounded

petals, the absence of apical horns to the

sepals and the papillose-puberulous pedicels

and young sepals. The flowers are described

as white, pale mauve, violet or blue. The

flowering period is from spring to early

summer. The habitat is given as stony slopes

and rocky ridges.

60

Cruciferae

Fig. 8. — 1, Heliophila cuneata, inflorescence, X f ; la, outer sepal, X 2; lb, inner sepal, x 2; Ic, petal, x 2;

Id, short filament, x 2 ( Marais 1451); le, leaf, x 1; If, fruit, x 1; lg, seed, X 2 (Taylor 5839). 2a, H.

elata var. elata, fruit, x 2 (Stephens & Glover 8670). 2b, H. elata var. pillansii, fruit, x 2 ( Pillans 7603).

3a, H. suavissima, fruit, x 2; 3b, seed, x 4\ (no collector’s name, Herb. Hook. 1867). 4a, H. cornuta var.

cornuta, bud, x 2 (Acocks 18475); 4b, fruit, x 2 ( Acocks 16873). 5a, H. linearis var. linearis, fruit, x 2

(Paterson 783); 5b, seed, x 4| ( Ecklon & Zeyhcr sub Harvey 241). 6a, H. linearis var. linearifolia, fruit, X 2

( Rogers 3045); 6b, seed, x 4^ (Gillett 646); 6c, seed, x 4\ (Bolus 3074). 7, H. linearis var. reticulata, fruit, x

I ( Van Breda 813).

Cruciferae

61

Cape. — Calvinia : Kubiskouw, Marloth 12868.

Ceres : Gydouw, Leipoldt 3938. Clanwilliam

Sandveld, Leipoldt 3930. Joubertina, Acocks 20024.

Ladismith : Sevenweeks Poort, Phillips 1392. Laings-

burg : Witteberg, Compton 5887. Malmesbury :

Hoedjies Bay, Bolus 12604. Montagu : Baths, Page 18.

Namaqualand : Springbok, Acocks 16493. Prince

Albert : Bolus 11683. Richmond : Rhenosterfontein,

Acocks 15827. Robertson : Compton 5674. Sutherland :

Geelhoek, Acocks 16979. Swellendam : Rivier-

sonderend, Zeyher 1906. Tulbagh : Nuwekloof,

Barker 2387. Uniondale : Zinn sub SAM 67447.

Vanrhynsdorp : Kareeberge, Schlechter 8221. Worces-

ter : Hex River Mts., Esterhuysen 15881; Brandvlei,

Hutchinson 1 30.

S.W.A. — Luderitz : Witpiitz-Siid, Merxmiiller &

Giess 3219; Klinghardtsberge, D inter 4011.

47. Heliophila elata Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 247 (1846). Type : Clan-

william, Drege 7566a (K!).

Slender vjrgate shrublets or sometimes

^decumbent; lower part of the stems and

axils of the branches minutely puberulous.

Leaves 2-12 cm long, 0-5-1 -5 mm broad,

filiform or linear, entire or 3-5 (-9)-lobed,

minutely puberulous on the upper surface,

minutely stipulate. Racemes terminal, lax.

Pedicels glabrous or puberulous, mostly sub-

tended by 2 minute bracts; in flower 0-3-1 cm

long, slender, erect; in fruit 0-4-1 -2cm long,

spreading or recurved-spreading. Sepals 3-5-

7 mm long, 1-2 mm broad, narrowly oblong,

glabrous or minutely puberulous at the apex;

outer 2 cucullate, thickened at the apex;

inner 2 saccate or not. Petals 5 -5-9 -5 mm

long, 2-4-3 mm broad, narrowly obovate,

rounded or subacute, with or without ap-

pendages. Filaments 2 -5-4 -8 mm and 2-9-

5-3 mm long, the short ones with or without

appendages. Anthers 1-3-2 -6 mm long.

Ovary linear with a slender style; ovules

1 8—40. Fruits 2-8 cm long, 1-1-7 mm broad,

linear, shallowly moniliform; valves 1 -nerved,

flat, slightly bulged by the seeds; style 1-5-5

mm long, stoutly subulate to bulbously

swollen. Seeds 0-9-1 -9 X 0-7-1 -2 mm,

oblong to ^rectangular, flat, narrowly

margined.

Widespread and apparently quite common in the

Malmesbury to Vanrhynsdorp region. Two varieties

are recognized.

Petals and short filaments each with an appen-

dage; inner sepals saccate; pedicels and

sepals glabrous; leaves always entire

(a) var. elata

Petals and short filaments without appendages, at

mostzhpapillate and grooved; inner sepals

not saccate; pedicels and sepals often

minutely puberulous; leaves frequently lobed

(b) var. pillansi

(a) var. elata.

Marais in Bothalia 9 : 98 (1966).

H. elata Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 :

247 (1846); F.C. 1 : 49 (1860). Type ; Clanwilliam,

Drege 7566a (K!).

Virgate, much-branched shrublets 0-5-

1-5 m high. The leaves are 3-12 cm long,

0-5-1 mm broad, filiform, simple. The in-

florescences are almost invariably quite glab-

rous. Sepals 5-7 mm long, 1-2 mm broad,

the inner 2 saccate. Petals 6 -5-9 -5 X 2-4-3

mm, not markedly clawed, each with a papil-

late appendage. Ovules 26-40, rarely a few

more. Fruits 3-5-8 cm long, 1-1-1 -7 mm

broad with a stoutly subulate style 3 -5-5 -5

mm long. Seeds 1-5-1 -9 x 0-9-1 -2 mm.

Fig. 8 : 2a.

The flowers are usually described as blue, rarely

as mauve, produced from July to November. The

distribution ranges from Vanrhynsdorp to Malmes-

bury and the plants are usually found in sandy

places, frequently in association with Restionaceae.

Cape. — Calvinia : Nieuwoudtville, Galpin 11143;

Leipoldt 3932. Clanwilliam : Leipoldt 262; Ebenezer,

Drege 7566a; Nardouw Krantz, Pillans 5311. Malmes-

bury : Geelbek, Barker 4801. Piketberg : Between

Verlorenvlei and Rooikransberg, Pillans 7932.

Tulbagh : Steendal, Pappe sub SAM 14072. Van-

rhynsdorp : Klaver, Leipoldt 4110; 4111; Gifberg,

Phillips 7576. Worcester : Pienaarskloof, Barker

7328.

(b) var. pillansii Marais in Bothalia 9 : 98

(1966). Type : Piketberg, Pillans 7603.

(BOL!).

Slender perennials 15-55 cm high, the

branches virgate or weak and decumbent.

The leaves are 2-7 cm long. 0-5-1 -5 cm

broad, linear or filiform, entire or 3-5 (-9)-

lobed. The pedicels and young sepals are

frequently minutely puberulous. Sepals 3-5-

5-5 x 1-1-6 mm, the inner 2 not saccate.

Petals 5-5-8 X 2-4 mm, occasionally papil-

late on one side, but not appendaged. Ovules

18-36. Fruits 2-5-5 cm long, 1-1-4 mm

broad with a stoutly subulate or bulbously

swollen style 1 -5 mm long. Seeds 0 -9-1 -4 x

0-7-1 mm. Fig. 8 : 2b.

62

Cruciferae

The flowers are described as mauve, violet, white

or blue, and are produced from September to Decem-

ber. Known only from the mountains of the Piket-

berg and Clanwilliam districts.

Cape.— Clanwilliam : Pakhuis Pass, Compton

6950; Middelberg, Esterhuysen 7179; 2468; 7291.

Piketberg : Piketberg Range, Pillans 7603; 7506;

Kapteinskloof Mt., Pillans 8017.

48. Heliophila subulata Burch, ex DC.,

Syst. 2 : 691 (1821); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 50

(1860); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 417

(1950). Type : Mossel Bay, Burchell 6214

(K!).

Cleome capensis L., Sp. PI. ed. 2 : 940 (1763),

partly, as to S. African specimen (LINN 850.23).

Heliophila maritima Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 11,

No. 85 (1834-5). Type : Ecklon & Zeyher No. 85.

H. capensis (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3,2 : 5 (1898),

partly, as to syn. Linn., nomen confusum. H. rudolfii

Schinz in Vjschr. Naturf. Ges. Ztir. 55 : 236 (1910).

Type : Cape, Malmesbury, Schlechter 1631 (BM!;

K!). H. schlecltteri Schinz, l.c. 235 (1910), partly, as

to Schlechter 2355 in BOL. H. woodii Conr. in

Kew Bull. 1908 : 219 (1908). Type : Durban Comath

736. — var. schlecltteri (Schinz) O. E. Schulz in Bot.

Archiv 31 : 542 (1931), partly, as to Schlechter 2355

in BOL. H. natalensis O. E. Schulz in Bot. Archiv

31 : 534 (1931). Syntypes: Rudatis 1497; Wood

4676.

Perennial shrublets or annual herbs

10-50 cm tall; stems erect or procumbent,

densely and minutely puberulous or scabro-

puberulous, sometimes retrorsely scabrid.

Leaves 1-7 cm long, 0-5-3 mm broad, filiform

to lanceolate, entire, fleshy, glabrous on both

or only the upper surface, puberulous, minute-

ly stipulate. Racemes terminal, lax; rhachis

glabrous or sparsely puberulous in the lower

part; very young buds sometimes puberu-

lous. Pedicels subtended by 2 minute bracts;

in flower 0-5-1 -5 cm long, slender, erect; in

fruit 0-8-2 -2 cm long, wide-spreading or

recurved. Sepals 4-5-6 mm long, 1-3-1 -8

mm broad, narrowly oblong; the outer 2

shortly horn-tipped; inner 2 cucullate and

thickened at the apex. Petals 6-9-5 mm

long, 2-8-5 mm broad, elliptic or obovate,

clawed, rounded or subacute. Filaments

3- 4-8 mm and 3 -3-5 -3 mm long. Anthers

1 -9-3 mm long. Ovary linear with a slender

style; ovules 24-42. Fruits 2-6 cm long,

1-5-2 -3 mm broad, linear with straight

margins; valves flat, 1-3-nerved; style 0-8-

4- 5 mm long, conical to stoutly subulate, the

stigma narrower than the diameter of the

style. Seeds 2-2-5 x 1-5-1 -9 mm, oblong-

circular to oblong-rectangular, flat, narrowly

winged.

A widespread species found in its typical form in

the coastal region from Malmesbury to East London,

and inland as far as Ceres. The flowering time is

from August to December, but mostly in August

and September. The flowers are generally described

as blue or purplish-blue, occasionally as mauve or

pink.

The typical specimens are :

Cape. — Alexandria : Galpin 10656. Bathurst :

Rogers 28015. Bredasdorp : Potteberg, Esterhuysen

23232. Caledon : Elim, Salter 4859. Ceres : Witzen-

berg, Esterhuysen 23373. East London : Hilner 275.

George : Rogers 4333a. Humansdorp : Klipdrif,

Thode 2459. Knysna : Fourcade 1093. Ladismith :

Roodeberg Pass Stokoe sub SAM 70147. Malmes-

bury : Buys sub STE 1 1 545. Mossel Bay : Burchell

6214; Marais 579. Peninsula : Paulsberg, W. Dod

2990. Port Elizabeth : Bolus 3056. Prince Albert :

Swartberg Pass, Bolus 11681. Riversdale : Albertinia,

Muir 1789. Tulbagh : Roodesandberg, Lewis sub

BOL 27126. Uitenhage: Zeyher 744. Worcester :

Bainskloof, Leighton 1976.

From the Caledon district there are a few speci-

mens which differ in the longer hairs, being scabro-

pubescent, namely: Houwhoek, Van Niekerk 398:

Swartberg, Esterhuysen 18945; Schlechter 9783;

Bolus 6772.

In the eastern part of its distribution the typical

form is found together with plants in which the petals

and the short filaments each has a small appendage.

Some of these are either annuals or flower during

the first year. The flowers are described as mauve,

violet or purple.

Cape. — Bathurst : Kleinmond, Taylor 4301.

East London : Wood sub Galpin 3207; Martin 687;

Courtenay-Latimer sub Compton Herb. 2986;

Gonubie, Bokelmann sub Compton Herb. 61880;

Acocks 9143. Port Elizabeth : Cruden 324; Walmer,

Paterson 2172; Paterson sub SAM 8150, Baakens

River, Long 448. Uitenhage : Ecklon & Zeyher 85,

partly.

Along the coast of Natal and Zululand only an

annual form occurs. These plants are mostly sub-

glabrous or sparsely puberulous in the lower parts.

Their petals are elliptic and subacute. This form has

been described as H. woodii Conr. and as H. natalensis

O. E. Schulz. The flower colour is given as blue-

mauve, pinkish-mauve or pink.

Natal.— Durban : Grant 1 ; Sanderson 382;

Wood 4676; Isipingo, Ward 298; 550. Hlabisa : Mt.

Tabor, Cocld 10240. Pietermaritzburg : Oribi Camp,

Pienaar sub N.U. Herb. 17792. Port Shepstone :

Port Edward, Huntley 88 1 .

Another form occurs in the coastal area from

Port Alfred to the south coast of Natal. These plants

are rather more robust, the flowers are on the whole

bigger, and the fruits broader. Apparently annual

or perennial. Flower colour is given as blue or purple.

Cape. — Bathurst : Port Alfred, Tyson sub PRE

28964. Kentani : Pegler 445; Kobongaba, Taylor

3565. Komga : Kei Mouth, Flanagan 448.

Cruciferae

63

Natal. — Umzinto : Umgazi, Rudatis 549, partly;

Umkomaas, Wood 12459. Without exact locality :

Bowker 213 which Schulz, l.c., cites as H. woodii

var. schlechteri (Schinz) O. E. Schulz; Beach Ter-

minus, Thode 4707.

These forms, like the typical form, all have the

minute resinous stipules and bracts. From the

Bredasdorp district there are a few specimens which

differ in being exstipulate and ebracteate; they are

not puberulous, but variably pilose, some sub-

glabrous. Though obviously closely related to H.

subidata, they tend towards H. linearis var. linearis.

Cape. — Bredasdorp : The Poort, Barker 2501 ;

5553; Leighton sub BOL 21072; Pottebcrg, Ester-

huysen 23304 ; De Hoop, Lewis 5 1 40.

49. Heliophila suavissima Burch, ex DC .,

Syst. 2 : 691 (1821); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 49

(1860); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 127

(1926). Type : Colesberg, Burchell 2742

(K!).

H. fascicularis DC., l.c. (1821); Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 252 (1846); F.C. 1 : 51

(1860). Type : Masson s.n. (BM!). H. basutica Phill.

in Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 16 : 38 (1917). Syntypes :

Lesotho, Dieterlen 939 (SAM!); Phillips 975 (SAM!).

Perennial woody shrublets up to 60 cm

high, lax or straggly, sometimes stems only

5-7 cm high, with annual shoots from the

woody crown; young branches densely, older

stems thinly glandular-puberulous or finely

papillate-glandular. Leaves 0-5-4- 5 (-7) cm

long, 0-75-1-5 mm broad, linear, fleshy,

acute, often fascicled on old branches, with 2

subulate stipules; young leaves thinly glan-

dular-puberulous. Racemes terminal, lax;

peduncles short or up to 25 cm long, thinly

puberulous. Pedicels subtended by 2 subulate

bracts, thinly puberulous; in flower 0-7-1 -8

cm long ; in fruit up to 2 • 5 cm long, spreading

or recurved. Sepals 5-7 mm long, 1 -4-2-3

mm broad, narrowly oblong; outer 2 cucul-

late, shortly horn-tipped; inner 2 saccate.

Petals 8-15 mm long, 5-9 mm broad, obo-

vate-circular, clawed. Filaments 3-5-5 mm

and 4-5-3 mm long. Anthers 2 -3-2 -8 mm

long. Ovary linear-oblong; ovules 18-26.

Fruits 4 -5-6 -5 cm long, (2-5-) 3-3-5 mm

broad, submoniliform ; valves flat, I -nerved;

style 1-5-4 mm long, straight, stout, very

slightly thickened just below the stigma, the

diameter of the stigma bigger than that of the

style. Seeds 2 -8-3 -5 X 2-2-5 mm, oblong-

circular, sometimes oblique, narrowly winced.

Fig. 8 : 3.

Widespread in the drier, Karoo parts of the Cape,

into the Orange Free State, Lesotho and Natal.

The flowers are described as blue or purple, faintly

scented or with a sweet sickly perfume in the evening.

The main flowering period is from May to July.

Cape. — Aberdeen : Taylor 458. Albany : Com-

mittees Drift, Dyer 1544; Hounslow, Gaipin 91.

Barkly East : Motkop, Whitworth sub BOL 23392.

Barkly West : Danielskuii, Acocks 2300. Colesberg :

Between Rietfontein and Plettenbergs Beacon,

Burchell 2742. Cradock ; Coinins 783. Graaff-Reinet :

Kendrew, Gaipin 9962. Hay : Tierkop, Wiltnan

2334. Ladismith : Zoar, Wurtz 1590. Middelburg :

Grootfontein, Gill 18. Montagu : Fonteinskloof,

Rycroft 1594. Murraysburg : Tyson 13. Oudtshoorn :

Huis River Mts., Compton 8639. Philipstown :

Baberspan, Burchell 2705. Richmond : Groot Tafel-

berg, Acocks 8736. Steytlerville ; Barroe, Story

2306. Tarkastad : Vlekpoort, Archibald 3307. Uiten-

hage : Zeyher 472; 1909; Addo, Brynard 355. Union-

dale : Paterson 3123. Willowmore : Compton 19647.

O.F.S. — Bloemfontein : Grant's Hill, Potts 2363.

Fauresmith : Veld Reserve, Verdoorn 1173. Ficks-

burg : Moolmanshoek Peak, Gaipin 13933.

Lesotho. — Berea : Monethes, Jacot GuiUarmod

1923. Leribe : Phillips 975; Dieterlen 939. Mafeteng :

Dieterlen 1375.

Natal. — Richmond : Wood sub TRV 19107.

Utrecht : Devenish 772, partly.

The record of Burke from the Magaliesberg is

probably a wrong locality.

50. Heliophila carnosa ( Thunb .) St end.,

Nom. ed. 2, 1 : 742 (1840); Schreiber in

F.S.W.A. 48 : 6 (1966). Type : Tluinherg

Herb. No. 15141 (UPS!).

Cheiranthus carnosus Thunb., Prodr. 108 (1800).

C. gramineus Thunb., l.c. (1800). Type : Thttnberg

Herb. No. 15157 (UPS!).

Heliophila tripartita Thunb.. l.c. (1800). Type ;

Thunberg Herb. No. 15227 (UPS!). H. platysiliqua

R.Br. in Ait.f., Hort. Kew ed. 2, 4 : 99 (1812);

DC., Syst. 2 : 692 (1821). Type : Masson s.n. (BM!).

H. graminea (Thunb.) DC., l.c. 697 (1821); Sond. in

Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 239 (1846); F.C. 1 :

47 (I860). H. abrotanifolia Banks ex DC., l.c. 690

(1821), excluding description of fruit and seed; Sond.

in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 244 (1846); F.C. 1 :

48 (1860), Type : Masson s.n., partly, excluding the

fruiting material (BM!). H. trifurca Burch, ex DC., l.c.

688 (1821), partly, as to syn. H. tripartita Thunb. H.

succulent a Banks ex Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 249 (1846); F.C. I : 50 (1860), nom.

illegit. H. abrotanifolia var. tripartita (Thunb.)

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 244 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 48 (1860). Type as for H. tripartita. — var.

heterophylla (Thunb.) Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. I : 244 (1846); F.C. 1 : 48 (1860), partly,

excluding the Thunberg synonym. — var. tenuiloba

Sond. in F.C. 1 : 49 (1860). Type : Zeyher 1901

(K!). H. sulcata Conr. in Kew Bull. 1908 : 219

(1908); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 127 (1926.)

Type : Johannesburg, Comath s.n. H. grand i flora

64

Cruciferae

Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 49 : 415 (1913). Type : Narna-

qualand, Schlechter 1 1353 (B!). H. subcormtta Beauv.

in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve ser. 2, 5 : 328 (1914). Type :

Matatiele, Jacottet 86 (G !). H. sulcata var. modestior

O. E. Schulz in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 11 : 228

(1931). Syntypes : 5 specimens, including Philippolis,

Smith 4466 ( B !). H. succulenta f. humilis O. E. Schulz

in Bot. Archiv 31 : 542 (1931). Syntypes : Graaff-

Reinet, Bolus 757 (K!); Griqualand East, Haygarth

sub SAM 29113 (SAM!). H. abrotanifolia var.

tnacrocarpa O. E. Schulz, I.c. 538 (1931). Type :

Gamsteeg’s River, G/7/s.n. (K!).

Erect, glabrous shrublets up to 60 cm

high, woody at the base from which arise

annual flowering shoots with the leaves

mostly crowded near the base, or tussock-

forming plants with the leaves in a dense

rosette; lower part of the annual stems often

reddish or purplish. Leaves 3-20 cm long,

0-5-4 mm broad, entire, filiform to strap-

shaped or lobed in the upper half with the

lobes short (3-5 mm), or long (up to 3 cm),

or finely to coarsely pinnately lobed, often

somewhat fleshy, acute or acuminate, the

midribs of the basal leaves peristent. Stipules

subulate-filiform, caducous except on the

lower leaves where they are united with the

expanded, sheath-like base. Peduncles 8-35

cm long, nearly naked or sparsely and re-

motely leafy, simple or laxly branched;

racemes contracted in the early stages,

lengthening to up to 20 cm in fruit. Pedicels

0-7-2 -5 cm long in flower, erect, thickened

at the apex, subtended by 2 caducous sub-

ulate bracts; 1-2-8 cm long in fruit, recurved.

Sepals 4-8-5 mm long, 1-3-3 -5 mm broad,

oblong; outer 2 cucullate and shortly horn-

tipped; inner 2 saccate, with broad mem-

branous margins. Petals 6-5-13-5 mm long,

4-9-5 mm broad, narrowly obovate to obo-

vate-circular, rounded, the claw thick, often

minutely papillate. Filaments 3 -5-5 -3 mm

and 3 ■ 8-5 • 8 mm long, the 2 short ones some-

times minutely papillate at the base. Anthers

2-4 mm long. Ovary linear-oblong; stigma

small, capitate; ovules 14-30. Fruits 2-5-8

cm long, 2-5-5 (-6) mm broad, broadly

linear with straight margins; valves 1 -nerved,

faintly reticulate, flat; style 3-10 mm long,

straight. Seeds 2-5-4 x 2-8-5- 5 mm, sub-

circular or broadly oblong, narrowly winged.

Fig. 9:2.

The most widespread species, extending from the

southern part of South West Africa to Worcester,

along the mountains to the eastern and north-eastern

Cape, into East Griqualand, Lesotho, the southern

and eastern Orange Free State, northern Natal and

southern Transvaal. The habitat seems to be in-

variably dry and is usually given as among grass or

bushes on sandy, gravelly, rocky or shale soil,

frequently on slopes or koppies.

The flowering period of the plants from the western

districts is from August to October, while the plants

from the eastern part of the distribution area flower

mostly from September to January, occasionally

also in the autumn. The flowers are variously described

as white, pale mauve or pink, occasionally as purple

or blue. The few labels giving more detail suggest

that the petals are violet or mauve in bud, white

when expanded, and become tinged with violet or

mauve as they fade.

S.W.A. — Liideritz : Klinghardtberge, Dititer 3956-

Cape — Albany ; Between Grahamstown and

Fish River, Ecklon & Zeylter 86. Aliwal North ;

Gerstner 162. Barkly East : Gerstner 672. Calvinia :

Lokenburg, Acocks 16860. Ceres : Dwyka Kop,

Marloth 10641; Roodeberg, Esterhuysen 20890.

Clanwilliam : Nardouw Pass, Leipoldt 4407; Nortier

Reserve, Acocks 15187. George : Keurbooms River,

Fourcade 4698. Graaff-Reinet : Tandjiesberg, Bolus

757. Elanover : Sim sub Galpin 5961. Ladismith :

Vanwyksdorp, Acocks 20567. Laingsburg : Matjies-

fontein, Marloth 3085; Cabidu, Compton 12091.

Matatiele ; Mafube, Jacottet 86. Middelburg :

Gordonville, Acocks 16577. Molteno : Broughton,

Flanagan 1565. Montagu : Eendracht, Lewis 1716;

Baths, Page 130. Namaqualand : Leeuwpoort,

Schlechter 11353; Leliefontein, Leipoldt 3910; 3911.

Queenstown : Andriesberg, Galpin 1928. Steynsburg ;

Reeds Farm, Evans 1734. Sutherland : Komsberg

Pass, Leistner 273. Swellendam : Rietkuil, Zeyher 42.

Vanrhynsdorp : Langeberge, Marloth 12908. Wode-

house : Dordrecht, Taylor 5645. Worcester : Darling

Bridge, Bolus 2708.

O.F.S. — Fauresmith : V erdoorn 875; 1139. Ficks-

burg : Galpin 13960. Fouriesburg : Rogers 15902.

Harrismith : Witsieshoek, Flanagan 2\02. Ladybrand :

Rogers 714. Philippolis ; Spioenkop Nek, Smith

4466.

Lesotho. — Berea : Mamathes, Jacot Guillarmod,

257; 583. Leribe : Dieterlen 284; 746, partly; 939,

partly.

Natal. — Utrecht : Devenisli 772, partly.

Transvaal — Heidelberg : Sugarbush Mts., Moss

sub Moss Herb. 17628. Johannesburg ; Orange

Grove, Rogers 22372; Jeppestown, Gilfillan sub

Galpin 1449.

Specimens from the Transvaal, Orange Free State,

Lesotho, and north-eastern Cape almost invariably

have simple leaves. Specimens from the western

districts have either lobed or entire leaves.

51. Heliophila rigidiuscula Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 251, t.27 (1846);

F.C. 1 ; 50 (1860); Built Davy, FI. Transv.

1 ; 127 (1926). Syntypes : Ecklon & Zeyher

97 (SAM!); Drege ( H . suavissima) (K!).

Cruciferae

65

H. virgata sensu Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 12, No. 97

(1834-5). H. mafubensis Beauv. in Bull. Soc. Bot.

Geneve ser. 2, 5 : 327 (1914). Type : Matatiele, Jacot-

tet 41 (Gl).

Erect herbs 25-90 cm high with a peren-

nial woody crown, tussock-forming, or with

a short, branched basal stem and glabrous,

striate, annual shoots; slender or robust.

Leaves 2-12-5 cm long, 0-5-4 (-7) mm

broad, subulate, linear to narrowly lanceo-

late or oblanceolate, thin or slightly fleshy;

stipulate (sometimes only the lower leaves).

Racemes terminal on ^leafless peduncles,

contracted in flower; in fruit lax, up to 45 cm

long. Pedicels often subtended by 2 minute

bracts, in flower 1-2-5 cm long, slender,

erect; 1-5-3 cm long in fruit, recurved or

reflexed. Sepals 4-8-7 mm long, 1 -5-2-8 mm

broad, oblong, caducous; outer 2 cucullate;

inner 2 strongly saccate. Petals 6-5-11 -5 mm

long, 4-10 mm broad, circular-obovate,

rounded, each with a large papillate append-

age on one side of the short claw, or occa-

sionally with a large, hollow, cup-like gland

on the inside of the claw. Filaments 3-2-5- 1

mm and 3 ■ 6-5 ■ 5 mm long, the 2 short ones

each with a large appendage, rarely all 6

with appendages. Anthers 1-6-3 1 mm long.

Ovary narrowly oblong, shortly stipitate

with a long style and a small capitate stigma;

ovules 6-20. Fruits 3-7 cm long, 3-8 mm

broad, linear-oblong or almost lanceolate,

with straight margins, very shortly stipitate;

valves 1-nerved, net-veined, style (3-) 5-5-12

mm long, very slightly thickened. Seeds

5-7-5 X 4 -5-5 -5 mm subcircular to oblong,

broadly winged. Fig. 9 : 3.

Widespread in the grassveld areas of the eastern

Cape, Natal, Transvaal, Swaziland, eastern Orange

Free State and Lesotho. The flower colour is generally

given as some or other shade of pink, mauve, lilac,

blue or purple. The smaller, slender plants with

shorter leaves from the eastern Transvaal and

Swaziland often have white flowers. The flowering

period is mainly during November and December.

Cape. — Adelaide : Great Winterberg, Ford sub

Marloth 11401. Barkly East : Saalboom Nek,

Acocks 20197. Bizana : Acocks 13393. Kentani :

Pegler 259. King William's Town : Pirie, Sim 1344.

Komga : Kei Mouth, Flanagan 541. Matatiele :

Mafube, Jacottet 41. Mount Currie : Kokstad, Tyson

1367. Stockenstroom : Kalberg, Dyer 721. Stutter-

heim : Toise River, Acocks 9406.

O.F.S. — Harrismith : Bester's Vlei, Bolus 8121;

Flanagan 1 846.

Lesotho. — Maseru : Botsabelo, Sclilecltter 3780.

Mamalapi, Compton 21287. Likolobeng, Jacot

Guillarmod 709.

Natal. — Bergville : Cathedral Peak Forestry Stn.,

Killick 1312. Durban : Rogers 1494. Estcourt :

Mooi River, Wood 4067. Ndwedwe : Inanda, Wood

167; 1087. Pietermaritzburg : Table Mtn., McClean

93. Pinetown : Northdene, Wood 4990. Port Shep-

stone : Oribi Gorge, McClean 565. Vryheid : Hlobane,

Johnstone sub NU 14478. Weenen : Dalton Bridge,

Acocks 10772.

Swaziland. — Hlatikulu : Compton 30226.

Mbabane : Forbes Reef road, Compton 27175;

Black Mbuluzi River, Compton 28259.

Transvaal. — Barberton : Umlomati Valley, Gal-

pin 1168. Belfast : Machadodorp, Codd 8026; Dull-

stroom, Marais 15. Bronkhorstspruit : Spitskop,

Codd 10136. Carolina : Galpin 12435. Heidelberg :

Thode 1300. Krugersdorp : Witpoortjie, Moss 4394.

Letaba : The Downs, Rogers 21950. Lydenburg :

Codd 7621 ; Marais 73. Middelburg : Jenkins sub

TRV 9141. Piet Retief : Sidey 1943.

The white-flowered, short-leaved plants from the

eastern Transvaal and Swaziland, like the short-

leaved plants from the Drakensberg and Lesotho,

apparently occur together with the more robust,

usual form. Some of these, as well as some of the

usual form, have the petals and the 4 long filaments

papillate at the base. A few specimens, Flanagan

541 (K) from Komga, and GilfiUan sub Galpin 7517

from Middelburg, Transvaal, have petals with large,

hollow, cup-like appendages and all 6 filaments with

appendages. The PRE sheet of Flanagan 541 has

appendages on the short filaments only.

In the short-leaved plants from the Drakensberg

and Lesotho the perennial woody stem is branched

and up to 10 cm high; this may develop as a result

of less severe grazing or less regular burning.

Pegler 259, Jacottet 41 and several Wood collections

from Natal have fruits 6-8 mm broad instead of the

usual 3-5 mm. These plants have been described as

H. mafubensis Beauv., but do not seem to constitute

a distinct species.

52. Heliophila katbergensis Marais in

Bothalia 9 : 104 (1966). Type : Stockenstroom,

Katberg, Hutchinson 1614 (PRE!).

Procumbent perennial herbs, many-

stemmed, glabrous. Stems with minute

cuticular ridges. Leaves 1-1-8 cm long,

1-8-2 -3 mm broad, oblanceolate or ob-

lanceolate-elliptic, entire, acute-mucronate,

subtended by 2 minute stipules. Racemes

terminal, lax, many-flowered. Sepals 3-5-4

mm long, oblong, membranous-margined ;

outer 2 thickened at the apex; inner 2 sac-

cate. Petals 6 - 5—7 - 5 mm long, 3 • 5—4 • 5 mm

broad, broadly obovate. Filaments subulate,

the short ones each with an appendage,

66

Cruciferae

Anthers 1 -8-2 mm long. Ovary elliptic, stipi-

tate; ovules 4-6. Immature fruit 1-6-1 -1 cm

long, 4-5-5 mm broad, oblong, on recurved

pedicels 1-5-2 cm long; valves 1-nerved,

reticulately veined; style 3 -5-6 -5 mm long,

stout, c. 1 mm thick.

Known from only one gathering from the top of

the Katberg, collected in flower on 27th November,

1928. The flowers are described as deep mauve.

Cape. — Stockenstroom : Katberg, Hutchinson

1614.

53. Heliophila eximia Marais in Bothalia

9 : 103 (1966). Type : Namaqualand, Hells-

kloof. Hall 789 (NBG!).

Perennial scandent herbs?, glabrous.

Leaves 4 -5-6 -5 cm long, 1-2 cm broad,

elongate-cuneate, 3-7-toothed near the apex,

narrowed into a petiole. Racemes terminal,

few to many-flowered, contracted. Sepals

3-3-8 mm long, 1-5 mm broad, oblong;

outer 2 cucullate, shortly horn-tipped; inner

2 slightly saccate with broad membranous

margins. Petals 6 mm long. 4 -5-4 -8 mm

broad, obovate-circular, shortly clawed. Fila-

ments 2-2-4 mm and 2 -5-2 -8 mm long,

subulate. Anthers 1-8-2 mm long. Ovary

narrowly oblong, shortly stipitate; style

short; stigma large, capitate. Fruits not

known.

Only one gathering known, on 19th September,

1953, in flower; the flowers are white.

Cape. — Namaqualand : Hellskloof, Halt 789.

54. Heliophila scandens Harv., Thes.

Cap. 2 : 43, 1. 1 66 (1863). Syntypes : Durban,

Cooper 1268 ( K !); McKen.

Straggling woody climbers up to 3 m

high, glabrous. Leaves 4-8 cm long, 0-7-3 cm

broad, lanceolate to broadly elliptic above

the narrow petiole, acute or obtuse, mucronu-

late, glabrous, fleshy, the margin often

revolute in dried specimens, minutely stipu-

late. Racemes terminal, leafless, short and

corymbose in flower, laxer in fruit, or rarely

intercalary. Pedicels about 1 cm long in

flower. 1-2-2 cm long in fruit, erect or

ascending, subtended by 2 minute bracts.

Sepals 4 -8-6 -5 mm long, 1-5-3 mm broad;

outer 2 narrowly oblong, cucullate; inner 2

ovate with broad membranous margins.

Petals 8-5-14 mm long, 3-8 mm broad,

obovate-oblong to circular-obovate, clawed.

Filaments 3-3-8 mm and 3 -8-4 -8 mm long,

stout. Anthers 2 mm long. Ovary shortly

stipitate, obovate or broadly oblong; style

slender, long; stigma capitate; ovules 2.

Fruits 2-5-4 cm long, 0-8-1 -3 cm broad,

elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic, sometimes ob-

lique, shortly stipitate, the valves flat, 1-

nerved, net- veined; style 2-5-6 mm long,

tapering. Seeds 3-5-5 X 4-6-5 mm, subcir-

cular, narrowly margined. Fig. 9 : 5.

Apparently confined to scrub vegetation and

forest margins on sand-dunes along the coast near

Durban. The white, scented flowers are mostly pro-

duced during June and July, but one specimen

with both flowers and fruit was collected in mid-

September.

Natal. — Durban : Schlechter 2963; Cooper 1268;

Isipingo, Marloth 12663. Ndwedwe : Inanda, Wood

1362; Umhloti Beach, Codd 1504. Zululand : Rump

sub NH 201 12.

55. Heliophila glauca Burch, ex DC,.

Syst. 2 ; 690 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 245 (1846); F.C. 1 : 49

(1860). Type : Uitenhage, Burchell 4782

(K!).

H. glauca var. Candida DC., l.c. (1821); Sond. in

Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 245 (1846); F.C. 1 :

49 (1860). Type as above. — var. purpurascens DC.,

l.c. (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 ;

245 (1846); F.C. 1 : 49 (1860). Type : Uniondale,

Burchell 4969 (K !). H. sarcophylla Meisn. in Hook.,

Lond. J. Bot. 1 : 463 (1842). Type : Langkloof,

Krauss 1245.

Carpopodium cleomoides sensu Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enum. 13, No. 102 (1834-35).

Virgate shrubs up to 2 m high, but

sometimes low with annual branches from a

short woody crown, glabrous. Leaves up to

3 cm long and 0-5 cm broad, but mostly

much smaller (0-8-1 -5 cm long), oblanceo-

late, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, mucronate,

fleshy, glaucous. Racemes terminal, many-

flowered. Pedicels 0-3-1 cm long, strictly

erect in flower, lengthening only slightly in

fruit. Sepals 4 -5-6 -5 mm long, 1-5-2 -5 mm

broad, oblong, with broad membranous

margins; outer 2 slightly cucullate and thick-

ened at the apex; inner 2 saccate. Petals

8-5-14 mm long, 5-5-8 mm broad, obovate

with a narrow claw. Filaments 2-5-4 mm

and 3-5-6 mm long. Anthers 1 -5-2-5 mm

long. Ovary elliptic; style thin; stigma large.

Cruciferae

67

Fig. 9. — 1, Heliophila elongata, portion of stem and leaves, x 2 ( Acocks 18362); la, portion of stem, x 4

(Thode s.n.); lb, fruit, X 1; lc, portion of fruit stem, X 6; Id, seed, x 4 (Zeylier 828). 2, H. carnosa, fruit,

X 1 (Leipoldt 3910); 2a, seed, X 4 (Rogers 22372). 3a, H. rigidiuscula, fruit, X 1 ; 3b, seed, X 4 (Marais 73);

3c, fruit, X 1 (Medley Wood 308). 4, H. glauca, fruit, X 2 (Esterluiysen 6942). 5a, H. scandens, fruit, X 1

(Wood 1362); 5b, seed, X 4 (Saunders 1881). 6a, FI. macrosperma, fruit, X 2; 6b, seed, X 4 (Burchell 3425).

7a, H. brachycarpa, fruit, X 2; 7b, seed, x 4 (Ecklon & Zeylier). 8a, H. callosa, fruit, x 1 (Prior s.n.); 8b,

seed, X 4 (Gamble 22022). 9a, H. scoparia, fruit, X 1 ; seed, X 4 (Esterluiysen 30070).

68

Cruciferae

capitate; ovules 4-10. Fruits 2-3 cm long,

4-6 mm broad, linear-oblong or the shorter

ones somewhat elliptic, with straight margins;

valves flat, 1 -nerved, net-veined; style 3-5-

6-5 mm long, stout, tapering. Seeds 3-3-8

mm in diameter, subcircular, narrowly mar-

gined; seed-coat of large cells. Fig. 9 : 4.

Restricted to the area between Riversdale and

Uitenhage. The flowering specimens studied were

collected between August and April. Flowers mauve

or white turning pink or mauve on drying.

Cape.— Calitzdorp : Rooiberg Pass, Acocks

20317. George : Bowie 7. Humansdorp : Witelsbos,

Foureacie 2106. Ladismith : Rooiberg, Wurtz 1306.

Riversdale : Muiskraal, Galpin 3742. Uniondale :

Misgund, Esterhuysen 6942. Uitenhage : Between

Galgebos and Melk River, Burchell 4782.

56. Heliophila brachycarpa Meisn. in

Hook., Lond. J. Bot. 1 : 465 (1842); Sond.

in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 260 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 52 (1860). Type : Uitenhage, Krauss

1254.

Carpopodiwn camosum sensu Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enurn. 13, No. 101 (1834-5).

Heliophila florulenta Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 263 (1846); F.C. 1 : 53 (1860). Type :

Uitenhage, Ecklon & Zeyher 101 (K!; SAM!).

— var. ohliqua E. Mey. ex Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 263 (1846); F.C. 1 : 53 (1860). Type : Wil-

lowmore, Drege s.n. (K ! ; PRE !).

Woody shrublet or small tree 0-5-2 m

high with brittle wood; stems striate, the

ridges sometimes of fine contiguous cuticular

papillae. Leaves 1-5-3 -5 cm long, 1-4 mm

broad, linear-subspathulate to oblanceolate,

glabrous, glaucous, subtended by minute,

subulate stipules. Racemes terminal on side-

branches, short, corymbose in flower, length-

ening in fruit. Pedicels 3-5 mm long in

flower, erect; 5-8 mm long in fruit, erect;

subtended by 2 minute bracts. Sepals 3-3-5

mm long, 1-8-2 -5 mm broad, oblong or

obovate-oblong, with broad membranous

margins; outer 2 slightly saccate; inner 2

strongly saccate. Petals 6-7-5 mm long.

2-2-3 mm broad, spathulate, obtuse, with a

long papillate claw. Filaments 4-4-5 mm

4 -4-4 -8 mm long, all densely papillate in the

lower part. Anthers 0-6-0 -8 mm long.

Ovary shortly stipitate, elliptical ; style long,

stigma small, capitate; ovules 4. Fruits 2-3

cm long, 5-7 mm broad, lanceolate to ellip-

tic-lanceolate, often oblique, narrowed at

both ends, shortly stipitate; valves flat,

1 -nerved, net-veined; style 1 -5-2-5 mm long,

subulate. Seeds 2-5-5 mm in diameter,

subcircular. Fig. 9 : 7.

Confined to the area between Humansdorp,

Laingsburg and East London. Specimens have been

collected in flower from May to December, but the

main flowering period appears to be during July

and August. The flowers are white, greenish white

or cream, sometimes tinged with purple, especially

when fading.

Cape. — Albany : Grahamstown, MacOwan 845;

Peddie Road, Barker 7027. East London : Buffalo

Pass, Compton 17785. Humansdorp : Hankey,

Eoitrcade 2272. Laingsburg : Whitehill, Compton

11216. Port Elizabeth : Drege sub Marloth 9283.

Steytlerville : Pienaarspoort, Acocks 13745. Uiten-

hage : Swartkops River, Ecklon & Zeyher 101.

Willowmore : Compton 19649; Witpoort Mts.,

Drege s.n.

57. Heliophila macrosperma Burch, ex

DC.. Syst. 2 : 695 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges.

Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 264 (1846); F.C. 1 : 54

(1860). Type ; Albany, Burchell 3425 (K ! ).

Shrubby perennials; branches virgate,

striate, glabrous. Leaves 1 • 5-5 cm long,

2- 4-5 mm broad, linear or linear-oblanceo-

late, thick and wrinkled when dry, folded, or

thinner, flat, 2-5-5 cm X 2-5-8 mm, ob-

lanceolate. mucronulate, often fascicled, with

2 minute, subulate stipules. Racemes terminal,

many-flowered, lax, elongate. Pedicels 0-8-1

cm long, lengthening very little in fruit when

appressed erect, subtended by 2 minute

bracts. Sepals 5 ■ 5-6 mm long, 1 • 8-2 mm

broad, oblong with membranous margins;

outer 2 cucullate and shortly horn-tipped;

inner 2 saccate. Petals 9-5-11 mm long,

3 - 3-3 -8 mm broad, oblong-oblanceolate,

rounded. Filaments 3 ■ 5-5 • 5 mm and 4-6 mm

long. Anthers 1 • 5-2 mm long. Ovary nar-

rowly elliptic-lanceolate, very shortly stipi-

tate; ovules 6. Fruits 3-5 cm long, 3-5-6 mm

broad, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceo-

late, very shortly stipitate; valves flat, 1-

nerved, net- veined; style 2 mm long, stout,

tapering. Seeds 2-5-4 mm in diameter,

subcircular, rough but not papillate. Fig.

9 : 6.

An insufficiently known sp.cies from th: eastern

Cap:.

Cape. — Albany : Swartwaterpoort, Burchell 3425;

Howison’s Poort, Rogers 3963; Grahamstown,

Schlechter 2725. East London : Nahoon River,

Galpin 3283. Uitenhage : Thode 628; Paterson 1166;

Ecklon & Zeyher 62, partly, in SAM.

Crucifhrai:

69

58. Heliophila filicaulis Marais in Both-

alia 9 : 103 (1966). Type : Worcester,

Esterlwysen 15936 (BOL!).

Much-branched slender shrublets with

wiry branches; branches glabrous with

minute cartilaginous lines which are mostly

strongly beaded, these disappearing with age.

Leaves 1-3 cm long, linear-filiform, acute,

mucronate, subtended by 2 minute, filiform

stipules. Racemes terminal, few- to several-

flowered. Pedicels 0-6-1 cm long, erect or

ascending, usually subtended by 2 minute

bracts. Sepals 5-5-5 mm long, 1-4-2 mm

broad, narrowly oblong, membranous; outer

2 cucullate; inner 2 saccate. Petals 10-11-5

mm long, 3-8-4 3 mm broad, oblong-

obovate, narrowly clawed. Filaments 4-5 mm

and 5 -5-6 -5 mm long. Anthers 1 -7-1 -9 mm

long. Ovary stipitate, lanceolate; style long;

ovules 4-8. Fruits 1-5-3 cm long, 1-6-1 -8

mm broad, linear, compressed, moniliform

with narrow waists between the seeds;

stipe 0-5-2 mm long; style 2-5-3 mm long,

linear, stout. Seeds 2 -2-2 -3 X 1 - 3—1 - 4 mm,

ovate, flat, papillose.

Found on southern, south-eastern and eastern

aspects in shelter of rocks on the higher slopes of the

Hex River Mountains. Collected in flower in October.

Flowers blue to pinky-blue.

Cape. — Worcester : Hex River Mts., Prospect

Peak, Esterlwysen 15936; Outer Sanddrift Peak,

Esterlwysen 29777.

59. Heliophila tulbaghensis Schinz in

Vjschr. Naturf. Ges. Zurich 55 : 235 (1910).

Type ; Tulbagh, Schlechter 1682.

H. anomala Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 49 : 410 (1913).

Syntypes : Tulbagh, Schlechter 1682; Ceres, Schlechter

10032 (B!).

Perennial shrublets with decumbent or

ascending branches up to 25 cm high, glab-

rous in all parts; stems smooth or with

minute cartilaginous lines which are strongly

beaded. Leaves 0-5-1 -2 cm long, 0-5-1 mm

broad, linear to linear-oblong, fleshy, more

or less channelled above, wrinkled when dry,

acute or mucronate, subtended by 2 minute

stipules. Racemes intercalary or terminal on

peduncle-like stems with reduced leaves, few-

to several-flowered. Pedicels 3-4 mm long,

erect, somewhat ridged, subtended by 2

minute bracts. Sepals 3 -5-4 -5 mm long,

1-1-9 mm broad, oblanceolate-oblong to

oblong; outer 2 cucullate, thickened at the

apex; inner 2 saccate, with membranous

margins. Petals 5-5-7 mm long, 2-3-3 mm

broad, clawed with a ± oblong or obovate-

oblong blade. Filaments 3 -3-4 -3 mm and

3 - 9-5 -3 mm long, subulate. Anthers 11-1-4

mm long. Ovary very shortly stipitate, linear

with a long style and small stigma; ovules

4- 9. Fruits 1-5-2 cm long, 1-2-1 -5 mm in

diameter, linear, not compressed, shortly

stipitate on erect pedicels 4-7 mm long,

strongly moniliform, the beads separated by

narrow waists; valves 1 -nerved; style 1 5—4

mm long, stoutly subcylindrical or somewhat

clavate. Seeds 1-5x1 mm long, ellipsoid,

citriform, somewhat grooved, the seed-coat

papillate. Fig. 10:2.

Known from the mountains in the Ceres, Tulbagh

and Paarl districts. Flowering specimens have been

collected during October, and Schlechter 10032,

syntype of H. anomala, was collected in fruit

in January. The flower-colour is not indicated by any

of the collectors, but the petals appear to have been

pink or purplish.

Cape. — Ceres : Stokoe sub SAM 57794; Skurwe-

berg, Elandsfontein, Schlechter 10032. Paarl : French

Hoek, Marloth 3758; Stokoe sub BOL 27119; Wem-

mershoek Mts., Esterlwysen 9080.

In Kew herbarium there is a specimen said to have

been collected by Schlechter at French Hoek. The

nearly ripe fruits are flattened. Schulz identified this

as H. tulbaghensis, but I doubt whether the fruits

would at a later stage have become subcylindrical.

60. Heliophila rimicola Marais in Both-

alia 9 : 105 (1966). Type : Ladismith,

Swartberge, Esterhuysen 26800 (BOL!).

Glabrous, stiffly branched, perennial

shrublets; young branches striate with ridges

from the thickened leaf-bases; older branches

smooth, round, with light-brown bark.

Leaves 0-8-4 cm long, 1-2-8 mm broad,

linear-oblong, linear-oblanceolate or ob-

lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate,

fleshy, subtended by 2 minute stipules.

Inflorescence intercalary or terminal on

abbreviated lateral shoots, few-flowered ; the

flowers sometimes subtended by a leaf.

Pedicels 1-2-3 cm long, erect, the apex

thickened and becoming strongly swollen in

fruit; each subtended by 2 minute filiform

bracts. Sepals 5-7 mm long, 1-5-3 -5 mm

broad, ovate or elliptic, outer 2 cucullate,

thickened at the apex; inner 2 membranous.

70

Cruciferae

Petals 1*1-1 -5 cm long, 5-7 mm broad,

obovate-spathulate, rounded, clawed. Fila-

ments 4^1-8 and 5 *3-6 -5 mm long. Anthers

1 -8-2-7 mm long. Ovary lanceolate, stipitate;

style slender; stigma small, shallowly 2-

lobed; ovules 4—8. Fruits 1-5-3 cm long,

2-7-4 mm broad, on a stipe 0-5-2 mm long,

lanceolate, long acuminate, flattened; valves

1-nerved, net-veined; style 2-3-5 mm long,

slender, tapering. Seeds 2-1-3 X 1-8-2 -5

mm, subcircular or oblong-circular, flat-

tened, seedcoat smooth. Fig. 10 : 1.

Restricted to the Swartberg in the Ladismith and

Prince Albert districts. Apparently always in moist

crevices on rock-faces at an altitude of 1,800-2,100

metres. Flowering specimens have been collected

during December; specimens with ripe fruits during

March and April. The flowers are described as white,

light purplish or tinged with purple.

Cape. — Ladismith : Swartberg, Towerkop, Ester-

huysen 18516; 26800; 30672. Prince Albert : Swart-

berg, Ridge Peak, Andreae 1223; Primos 55; Stokoe

1796; 1752.

61. Heliophila esterhuyseniae Marais in

Bothalia 9 : 102 (1966). Type ; Paarl, Wem-

mershoek Peak, Esterhuysen 11290, ( BOL ! ).

Dense, erect or trailing, woody shrub-

lets 0-6-1 m high. Steins angled or narrowly

winged by the decurrent leaf-margins. Leaves

1-4 cm long, 1-5-4 mm broad, linear-

lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, sessile,

smooth or the margins and the midrib

which is prominent on the lower surface,

finely cartilaginous-papillate; subtended by

2 minute stipules. Inflorescence intercalary,

few- or several-flowered, each pedicel sub-

tended by 2 minute bracts; the old pedicels

from previous seasons’ flowers persistent;

pedicels 1-1-2 cm long, erect. Sepals 5-3-6

mm long, 2-3-3 mm broad, membranous,

3-nerved; outer 2 obovate, cucullate, shortly

horn-tipped; inner 2 ovate, strongly saccate.

Petals 11-14 mm long, 6 -5-7 -5 mm broad,

subcircular-obovate, clawed. Filaments 4-4-3

mm and 4 -5-4 -8 mm long. Anthers 1-5-2

mm long. Ovary lanceolate, shortly stipitate;

style long, slender; ovules 4-8. Fruits 0-8-2 -8

cm long, 2-5-4 mm broad, lanceolate, shortly

stipitate, erect; valves 1-nerved, at first

smooth, later rough, ± ridged and warted,

bulged by the seeds, eventually boatshaped;

style 1-5-5 mm long, stoutly subulate. Seeds

3-5-4 x 3-3-2 mm, citriform, papillose.

Fig. 10:3.

Fairly widespread in the mountains from Ceres

to Caledon, growing on rock ledges in partial shade,

old screes, at foot of cliffs or at stream-sides. The

flowers are pale blue, mauve or white, produced in

spring.

Cape. — Caledon : French Floek Mts., Roesbos

Peak, Esterhuysen 29422. Ceres : Witelskloof,

Esterhuysen 26396; Skurweberg, Esterhuysen 14724.

Paarl : Wemmershoek Peak, Esterhuysen 11290.

Paarl-Worcester : Dutoitskloof, Esterhuysen 30359.

Worcester : Slanghoek Mts., Esterhuysen 22306;

Stettynskloof, Esterhuysen 17629; Hex River Mts.,

Morainekloof, Esterhuysen 28073.

62. Heliophila dregeana Sond. in Abh.

Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 260, t.23, f.2

(1846); F.C. 1 : 53 (1860). Type ; Clanwilliam,

Von Wurmb sub Drege 7556.

H. dregeana var. induta O. E. Schulz in Bot.

Archiv 31 : 525 (1931). Syntypes : Clanwilliam,

Schlechter 8640 (Kl); Bolus 8923 (K!); Diels 875.

Much-branched shrublets 20-35 cm

high; branches ascending or somewhat de-

cumbent, finely or coarsely scabro-papillate,

the papillae simple or lobed, often arranged

in rows. Leaves 0-3-1 -5 cm long, 3-4 mm

broad, narrowly elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or

ovate-oblong, acute or mucronulate, fleshy,

scabro-papillate or coarsely papillate-denti-

culate. Inflorescence intercalary, few-flowered.

Pedicels 2-5-5 mm long, ascending in

flower; 0-4-1 -1 cm long, wide-spreading in

fruit, papillate or papillate-denticulate. Se-

pals 3 • 5-5 mm long, 1 • 5-2 mm broad, ob-

long-elliptic or ovate-oblong, papillate along

the midrib; outer 2 shortly horn-tipped,

somewhat cucullate; inner 2 saccate, with

broad membranous margins. Petals 6-9-5

mm long, 2-5-4 mm broad, long-clawed,

circular-spathulate to oblong-spathulate. Fi la-

ments 2 -3-3 -3 and 3-3-5 mm long, subulate.

Anthers 1-1-1 -5 mm long. Ovary linear-

oblong with a long style and capitate stig-

ma; ovules 2-6. Fruits 1-5-2 -5 cm long.

1-5-1 -8 mm in diameter, linear, not com-

pressed, moniliform, the beads separated by

narrow waists, shortly stipitate, ascending-

erect from the wide-spreading pedicels; valves

sparsely papillate; style 3-5-5 mm long,

subulate. Seeds 1-6x1 mm.

Cruciferae

71

Fig. 10. — la, Heliophiia rimicola, inflorescence, X ]{- ( Esterhuysen 26800); lb, fruit, X 4; lc, seed, x 8

{Esterhuysen 18516). 2a, H. tulbaghensis, fruit, x 4; 2b, seed, x 8 ( Schlechter 10032). 3a, H. esterhuyseniae,

fruit, x 3 {Esterhuysen 1 1290); 3b, seed, x 8 (Esterhuysen 28073). 4a, H. tricuspidata, fruit, x 4; 4b, seed,

X 8 {Schlechter 9817). 5a, H. cedarbergensis, fruit, X 3; 5b, seed, X 8 ( Esterhuysen 22448). 6a, H. alpina,

fruit, X 4; 6b, seed, X 8 ( Jacot Gnillarmod 2358).

47631-6

72

Cruciferae

Known only from the mountains between Ceres,

Clanwilliam and Piketberg. The flowering time is

from August to October and the flowers are mauve,

pink or white.

Cape.— Ceres : Wabooms River Mts., Compton

6490; De Straat, Leighton 1263. Clanwilliam :

Cedarberg, Boontjieskloof, Esterhuysen 12208;

Middelberg, Esterhuysen 13020; Pakhuis Mt.,

Schlechter 8640. ? Piketberg : ex PiketbergJFlower

Show, Mar loth 10561 .

The amount of papillae is variable so that it is

not feasible to distinguish a variety. The remains of the

fruits of one, two or even three previous years can

sometimes be seen lower down the stems.

63. Heliophila tricuspidata Schltr. in

Bot. Jahrb. 27 : 140 (1899). Type : Caledon,

Schlechter 9817 (B !).

Slender perennial shrublets with decum-

bent or ascending branches, glabrous, the

stems slightly muricate-papillate. Leaves 0-7-

1-8 cm long, 2-11 mm broad, cuneate to

ovate-cuneate, sharply 3-lobed, the upper

ones smaller, ovate-elliptic, sometimes entire,

minutely stipulate. Racemes terminal, lax,

few-flowered. Pedicels subtended by 2 minute

bracts; 0-6-1 cm long in flower, slender,

erect; 1-3-1 -5 cm long, recurved in fruit.

Sepals 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm broad, oblong;

outer 2 cucullate; inner 2 saccate with mem-

branous margins. Petals 9-11 mm long,

4-5-6 mm broad, broadly obovate above the

claw. Filaments 2-8 mm and 4 mm long.

Anthers 1 • 5 mm long. Ovary shortly stipi-

tate, obovate or oblong, style long, stigma

capitate; ovules 2-5. Fruits 5-8 mm long,

3-4 mm broad, ovate, stipitate; valves 1-

nerved, reticulately veined ; style stout, taper-

ing, 2 mm long. Seeds 2-5 mm in diameter,

subcircular, flattened. Fig. 10 ; 4.

A species known only from the mountains of the

Caledon district, usually found in damp rock crevices.

The mauve flowers are produced in October.

Cape. — Caledon : Genadendal, Schlechter 9817;

Galpin 3746; Riviersonderend Mts., Stokoe sub

SAM 59114; Baviaanskloof, Stokoe 2540; Sneeukop;

Prior s.n; 171, partly.

64. Heliophila cedarbergensis Marais in

Bothalia 9 : 101 (1966). Type : Clanwilliam,

Esterhuysen 20566 (BOL!).

Trailing or densely twiggy, woody

shrublets; branches glabrous with red-brown

bark, smooth or finely cartilaginous-papillate.

Leaves 0-5-3 cm long, 1-2-5 mm broad,

oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate,

acute or acuminate, mucronate, smooth or

finely cartilaginous-papillate, minutely stipu-

late. Inflorescence few- to several-flowered,

intercalary. Pedicels 0.9-1 -6 cm long, erect

or ascending, subtended by 2 minute filiform

bracts. Sepals 4 • 5-5 • 3 mm long, 1 • 8-2 • 3 mm

broad, elliptic to elliptic-obovate; outer 2

cucullate and shortly horn-tipped with mem-

branous margins; inner 2 membranous,

saccate. Petals 10-11-5 mm long, 4-5-5 mm

broad, obovate-spathulate, rounded, long-

clawed. Filaments 3-5 mm and 4 -5-5 -5 mm

long. Anthers 1 • 5-1 • 8 mm long. Ovary

lanceolate, stipitate; style long, stigma capi-

tate; ovules 10-12. Fruits 2-4 cm long, 2-5-

3-5 mm broad, lanceolate, shortly stipitate;

valves flat, 1 -nerved, slightly bulged by the

seeds; style 2-5-5 mm long, stoutly subulate.

Seeds 2-5 X 1 -6-1 -8 mm, oval, compressed,

papillate. Fig. 10 : 5.

Growing among rocks and boulders or on shady

ledges at an altitude of 1,200-1,650 metres. Collected

in flower in October, described as white or pink.

Confined to the Cedarberg Mts. in the Clanwilliam

district.

Cape. — Clanwilliam : Cedarberg, Wolfberg, Ester-

huysen 20566; 22448; slopes below Wolfberg Cracks,

Esterhuysen 29974; Tafelberg, Esterhuysen 30,000.

65. Heliophila scoparia Burch, ex DC.,

Syst. 2 : 693 (1821). Syntypes : Peninsula,

Burchell 8557 (K !); Caledon, Burchell 7887

(K!).

Erect glabrous shrubs up to 1 m high,

branched from the base. Stems densely

leafy, brown, striate with decurrent lines or

ridges. Leaves 0-5-5 cm long, 1-3-5 mm

broad, broadly linear to linear-subulate or

lanceolate, acute or mucronate, coriaceous,

rigid, often appressed, smooth or wrinkled

when dry, sometimes rough with rows of

short triangular papillae, these sometimes

joined in twos or threes, sulcate above, sub-

tended by 2 minute stipules; leaf-scars pro-

minent. Racemes terminal on abbreviated

shoots along the main stems, 1-4-flowered,

sometimes those on more robust branches

several- to many-flowered, but then usually

Cruciferai-

73

with fewer small lateral inflorescences. Pedi-

cels subtended by 2 minute bracts, 0-4-1- 6

cm long in flower, only slightly longer in

fruit, erect, stout. Sepals 4-5-7 mm long,

1 -5-2-5 mm broad, linear-oblong or narrow-

ly obovate-oblong, obtuse; outer 2 ± keeled,

thickened at the apex and slightly cucullate;

inner 2 saccate with broad membranous

margins. Petals 7-12 mm long. 2 -5-7 -8 mm

broad, obovate or oblanceolate-spathulate,

clawed. Filaments 3 * 5—6 - 5 mm and 4-5-7 3

mm long, smooth, subulate. Anthers 1-2 mm

long. Ovary linear, sessile or shortly stipitate,

style short, stigma small; ovules 10-36.

Fruits 3-12 cm long, 2-4 mm broad, linear,

erect, sessile or shortly stipitate; valves flat

with straight margins, midrib prominent,

sometimes slightly muricate-papillate; style

1-5-4 mm long, but often appearing longer

because the valves taper towards the apex.

Seeds 2-8 X 3-5-4 mm, oblong-circular,

brown, winged, papillate. Fig. 9 : 9.

A fairly common species from the mountains

between Ladismith and Ceres, extending southwards

to Piketberg, the Peninsula and the Caledon districts.

Flowers purple, lilac, pink or white. Two varieties

are recognized.

Ovules 24-36; ovary and fruits sessile or nearly

so; leaves and young fruits smooth; flowers

purple, lilac or pink, produced mainly during

June and July (to September) .... (a) var. scoparia

Ovules 10-16; ovary and fruits shortly stipitate;

leaves and young fruits slightly muricate-

papillate; flowers white, produced mainly be-

tween November and February, .(b) var. aspera

(a) var. scoparia.

Marais in Bothalia 8 : 166 (1964).

H. scoparia Burch, ex DC., Syst. 2 : 693 (1821);

Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw. Hamb. 1 : 257 (1846);

F.C. 1 : 52 (1860); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins.

417 (1950). Syntypes : Peninsula, Burchell 8557

(Kl); Caledon, Burchell 7887 (K !).

Cheiranlhus strictus L.f., Suppl. 296 (1781), non

H. stricta Sond. Type : Flerb. LINN. 839.11.

Heliophila cleomoides DC., Syst. 2 : 695 (1821),

partly, as to syn. Cheiranthus strictus L.f.

The typical variety is the more common,

not extending as far north as var. aspera

which does, however, not occur in the southern

districts of the distribution area of the species

as a whole. Distinguished from var. aspera

by the sessile, smooth fruits, the greater

number of ovules (24-36), and the purple,

lilac or pink flowers which are produced in

winter.

Cape. — Caledon : Baviaanskloof Mts., Burchell

7887; Villiersdorp, Salter 1149. Clanwilliam : Pakhuis

Mt., Leipoldt 297. Paarl : French Hoek, Marloth

69; 11648. Peninsula : Muizenberg, Bolus sub.

Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric. 363; between Cape Town

and Simon’s Bay, Burchell 8557. Stellenbosch :

Sir Lowry’s Pass, Schlechter 4808; Somerset West,

Parker 3986. Worcester : Brandvlei Kop, Compton

8836.

(b) var. aspera ( Schltr .) Marais in Bot-

halia 8 : 166 (1964). Type : Ceres, Schlechter

10050 (B!).

H. aspera Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 49 : 410 (1913).

Differs from the typical variety in the

muricate-striate stems and the papillate-

denticulate leaves and pedicels. The inflore-

scence is often a terminal, several- to many-

flowered raceme, less frequently few-flowered

on lateral branchlets. The ovary and fruits

are shortly stipitate; ovules 10-16. The young

fruits are slightly muricate-papillate. The

striations on the stems are often of 1-3 close

rows of beading or muricate with papillate-

cuticular ridges. The flowers are white, pro-

duced mainly between November and

February.

Cape. — Ceres : Gydouw Mt., Schlechter 10050.

Piketberg : Drege s.n. Tulbagh : Great Winter-

hoek Mts., Andreae 899. Worcester : Bonteberg,

Esterhuysen 3731.

There are quite a large number of intermediate

specimens, mostly from the northern part of the

distribution area, and it may prove better not to

maintain the distinction between the two varieties.

The following are some of the intermediate speci-

mens:

Cape. — Ceres : Karoo Poort, Leipoldt 3973.

Clanwilliam : Koudeberg, Bolus 8924; Algeria,

Esterhuysen 7847. Ladismith : Roodeberg, Ester-

huysen 17197. Stellenbosch : Helderberg, Ester-

huysen 28309. Worcester : Buffelshoek, Esterhuysen

7808.

Marloth 4482 from the Sand River Mts. near

Prince Albert is possibly a new species allied to

H. scoparia and H. cedarbergensis.

66. Heliophila callosa (L.f.) DC., Syst.

2 : 695 (1821); Sond. in Abh. Ges. Naturw.

Hamb. 1 : 258 (1846); F.C. 1 : 52 (1860);

Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 418 (1950).

Type : Cape, Thunberg Herb. No. 15140

(UPS!).

Cheiranthus callosus L.f., Suppl. 296 (1781).

H. cleomoides DC., Syst. 2 : 695 (1821), partly,

as to spec, in Hb. DC.; Deless., Ic. Sel. PI. 2,

t.99 (1825). El. capensis sensu Kuntze, Rev. Gen.

3, 2 : 5 (1898), excl. syn. Linn.

74

Cruciferae

Perennial woody shrubs up to 1 m high,

glabrous. Steins glabrous, the older ones

with prominent leaf-scars. Leaves 2-6 cm

long, 3-6 mm broad, the upper leaves

shorter and narrower, lanceolate, acute,

mucronate, 3-nerved, leathery, wrinkled when

dry, minutely stipulate. Racemes terminal,

dense, many-flowered, elongating in fruit.

Pedicels 0-7-2 -5 cm long, erect, only slightly

longer in fruit, subtended by 2 minute bracts.

Sepals 5-5-8 mm long, 2 -3-3 -5 mm broad,

elliptic to narrowly ovate, thick, leathery

when dry; outer 2 cucullate, shortly horn-

tipped with membranous margins; inner 2

with broad membranous margins. Petals

1-1-3 cm long, 5-7-5 mm broad, obovate,

rounded, shortly clawed. Filaments 4-8-6 mm

and 5 -5-6 -9 mm long. Anthers 2-3-5 mm

long. Ovary linear-oblong, markedly

stipitate; style short; ovules 12-18. Fruits

6-8 cm long, 4 -5-6 -5 mm broad, linear-

oblong, straight-sided; valves flat, 1 -nerved;

stipe 0-3-1 cm long; style 3-6 mm long,

stout. Seeds 6-7 X 3-5-5 mm, oblong or

subcircular, flat, broadly winged, papillose.

Fig. 9 : 8.

Recorded many times from the Peninsula and once

from Tulbagh. According to Sonder, the flowering

time is from April to September and the flowers

purplish. According to Adamson, the flowers are

white or pink, appearing during October and Novem-

ber. The flowering specimens I have examined were

collected between June and December, and Bolus,

the only collector to mention the colour, called the

flowers pale purple.

Cape. — Peninsula : Orange Kloof, Schlechter

1306; Devils Peak Bolus sub Herb. Norm. Austro-

Afric. 497; Pillans 2812; Wynberg Hill, Wolley Dod

2027. Tulbagh : Tulbagh Mts., Marloth 5654.

Cleome capensis L., Sp. PI. ed. 2 : 940 (1763) is

given as a synonym of H. callosa in Flora Capensis.

The Indian part on which Linnaeus based the species

does not concern us. The South African part is speci-

men 850.23 in the Linnaean Herbarium, which is

H. subulala Burch, ex DC.

67. Heliophila nubigena Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 27 : 136 (1899). Type : Ceres,

Schlechter 8929 (B!).

Cycloptychis polygalo'des Sond. in F.C. 1 : 34

(1860), non H. polygaloides Schltr. Type : Tulbagh,

Zeyher s.n.

H. polygaloides (Sond.) Compton in J.S. Afr.

Bot. 19 : 152(1953), nom illegit.

Much-branched perennial shrublets with

decumbent, straggling branches up to 45 cm

high; all vegetative parts densely lanate with

straight or slightly crinkly hairs, or densely

felted with short straight hairs. Leaves 0-5-

1 • 4 cm long, 1 • 3-7 mm broad, elliptic to

oblanceolate-elliptic to ovate, acute, cuneate.

Inflorescence terminal, few- to several-flower-

ed, the raceme at first subcorymbose.

Pedicels 0-5-1 cm long, erect. Sepals 4-5-6

mm long, 1-9-3 mm broad, densely lanate;

outer 2 oblong, cucullate, with membranous

margins; inner 2 ovate-oblong, saccate, with

broad membranous margins. Petals 0-9-1 -5

cm long, 5-6-5 mm broad, long-clawed with

an obovate-circular blade. Filaments 3-1-4

mm and 3 -5-4 -5 mm long, subulate. An-

thers 1 • 5-2 mm long. Ovary elliptical, densely

lanate or felted; style glabrous, slender;

stigma capitate; ovules 2-6. Fruits 0-5-1 -3

cm long, 3-5-4 mm broad, shortly stipitate

on recurved pedicels 1-3-1 -6 cm long, ob-

long, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, sometimes

oblique, flattened; valves hairy, 1-nerved,

net-veined, slightly inflated over the seeds;

style 2 -5-6 -5 mm long, stout, tapering,

hairy except at the tip. Seeds 2-3 x 1 -6-2-5

mm, oblong to subcircular, subcompressed

or ± angled, immarginate, the seed-coat

somewhat pitted.

A montane species extending from Ceres to Ladi-

smith and southwards to Paarl and Wellington.

Found in crevices on cliffs or among rocks at an

altitude of 1,500-1,950 metres. The flowering time

is during September and October. The flowers are

variously described as blue, violet or mauve.

Cape. — Ceres : Koue Bokkeveld, Schlechter 8929.

Ladismith : Swartberg, Thursday Peak, Esterhuysen

30659. Tulbagh : Winterhoeksberg, Bolus 6349;

Marloth 2344; 4236. Wellington : Witteberg, Stokoe

s.n.; Stokoe sub PRE 28965; Stokoe sub SAM 28388.

Worcester : Chavonnesberg, Esterhuysen 14595;

Brandwacht Peak, Esterhuysen 1 1015.

According to Miss Esterhuysen in a letter dated

5/6/64, there are specimens from the Paarl district

in the Bolus Herbarium.

68. Heliophila alpina Marais in Bothalia

9 : 100 (1966). Type : Lesotho, Jacot Guillar-

mod 2358 (PRE!).

Procumbent several-stemmed perennial

herbs. Stems 10-15 cm high, the young parts

puberulous, glabrescent. Leaves 5-9 mm

long, pinnately 5-7-lobed with linear, entire

CRUCIFERAE

75

lobes, probably ± fleshy, minutely puberu-

lous, glabrescent, minutely stipulate. In-

florescence pseudo-terminal, few-flowered, the

pedicels ± interpetiolar, subtended by 2

minute bracts, often overtopped by lateral

flowering branches. Sepals 4-5-5 mm long,

ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, puberulous;

the outer 2 cucullate, shortly horn-tipped;

the inner 2 saccate and with broad mem-

branous margins. Petals 6-7 mm long, 2-5-3

mm broad, narrowly obovate, cuneate, very

minutely puberulous at the base outside.

Filaments 2-4-3 mm and 3-4 mm long, the

short ones slightly thickened at the base and

with a glandular area. Anthers 1-1-2 mm

long. Ovary narrowly oblong-elliptic, sub-

sessile, finely puberulous on the replum;

style long; stigma shallowly 2-lobed; ovules

8-12. Fruits 1-1*5 cm long, 3-4 mm broad,

oblong or linear-oblong, very shortly stipi-

tate; valves 1 -nerved, net-veined, bulged by

the seeds; stipe and replum puberulous;

style 2-3 mm long, stout, tapering. Seeds

2 -3-2 -8 X 1-5-1 -7 mm, oblong-oval, sub-

compressed; seed-coat minutely papillose.

Fig. 10 : 6.

Recorded only twice as yet : once from Lesotho

and once from Barkly East. Grows on screes and

steep grass slopes at 3,000-3,350 metres. Collected in

fruit with a few late flowers in January; in fruit only

in March. Flowers pink, rather insignificant.

Cape. — Barkly East : Ben McDhui, Galpin 6573.

Lesotho. — Thabana Ntlenyana, Jacot Guillannod

2358.

69. Heliophila elongata ( Thunb .) DC.,

Syst. 2 : 697 (1821), non Adamson in FI. Cape

Penins. 417 (1950). Type : Thunberg Flerb.

No. 15151 (UPS!).

Cheiranthus elongatus Thunb., Prodr. 108 (1800).

Heliophila stylosa Burch, ex. DC., l.c. 692 (1821);

Sond. in F.C. 1 : 51 (1860). Type : Somerset East,

Burcheil 3291 (K!) — var. lobata Sond., l.c. 51 (1860).

Type : near Grahamstown, Williamson s.n. H. virgata

Burch, ex DC., l.c. 693 (1821); Sond., l.c. 52 (1860).

— var. integrifolia Burch, ex DC., l.c. (1821); Sond.,

l.c. (1860). Type : Port Elizabeth, Burcheil 4605 (K!).

— var. dentata Burch, ex DC., l.c. (1821); Sond., l.c.

(1860). Type : Bathurst, Burcheil 3933 (K!). H.

dolichostyla Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 49 : 414 (1913).

Syntypes : George, Schleehter 5787 (B!); Riversdale,

Leipoldt sub BOL 10577 (BOL!; K!; PRE!).

Perennial shrublets 20-60 cm high,

erect or virgate, or with annual stems from a

woody crown, sometimes with the leaves

crowded near the base. Branches silicate

with decurrent lines from the base of the

leaves, glabrous. Leaves 1-11 cm long, 1 -5-7

mm broad, obovate-elliptic to oblanceolate,

or elliptic to lanceolate to linear, acute or

acuminate, leathery or fleshy, entire or with

a few sharp teeth or small lobes; subtended

by 2 subulate stipules; some of the lower

leaves usually with oblong or rounded, paired

glands in their axils. Racemes terminal; in the

lower part of the inflorescence sometimes

sterile pedicels with enlarged, paired, nectary

glands similar to the ones in the leaf-axils.

Pedicels subtended by 2 subulate-filiform

bracts, 6-9 mm long in flower, erect; 1*2-

1 • 5 cm long in fruit, recurved. Sepals 5-6 mm

long, 2-3 mm broad; outer 2 oblong to ellip-

tic, cucullate, thickened; inner 2 oblong,

strongly saccate, with broad membranous

margins. Petals 7 -5-9 -5 mm long, 2-3 mm

broad, oblong-spathulate to elongate-cu-

neate, very broadly clawed. Filaments 5-6-8

mm and 5 -8-7 -8 mm long. Anthers 1-1-3

mm long. Ovary linear with a very long style;

ovules 20-36. Fruits 5-8 cm long, 2 -5-3 -5

mm broad, pendulous, linear with straight

margins; valves flat, clearly or obscurely 1-

nerved, sometimes faintly pinnately veined;

style 0-7-2 cm long, stout, tapering, thick at

the base. Seeds 2-3-3 X 2 -1-2 -5 mm, sub-

circular to oblong-rectangular, brown, very

narrowly margined. Fig. 9:1.

Widespread in the coastal districts from Swellen-

dam to Zululand, usually in sour grassveld. Flowering

specimens have been collected in most months of

the year, often also having ripe or nearly ripe fruits,

but May-July and November-December are the two

main flowering seasons. The flowers are mostly white,

cream or yellowish, but often pale mauve or tinged

with purple.

Cape. — Albany : Coldspring, Acocks 12097.

Alexandria : Suurberg, Story 2382. Bathurst : Hope-

well, Acocks 18362. Humansdorp : Clarkson, Thode

740. Komga : Kei Mouth, Flanagan 334. Lusikisiki :

Magwa Falls, Galpin 10984. Port Elizabeth : Parsons

Vlei, Long 223. Prince Albert : Sevenweeks Poort,

Stokoe 1765; 1846; Swartberg Pass, Bolus 11431.

Riversdale : Garcias Pass, Leipoldt sub BOL 10577.

Swellendam : Tradouwberg, Bowie 4. Uniondalc :

Prince Alfred’s Pass, Fourcade 1288; Joubertina,

Esterhuysen 6881.

Natal. — Hlabisa : Ward 1490. Mtunzini : Port

Durnford, Gerstner 2314. Ndwedwe : Inanda, Wood

662. Pinetown : Wood 11537. Port Shepstone : Rogers

531.

70. Heliophila macra Schltr. in Bot.

Jahrb. 27 : 136 (1899). Syntypes : Caledon,

76

Cruciferae

Schlechter 9497 (B!); Bredasdorp, Schlechter

9626 (K!).

Slender, sparingly branched shrubs 1-

1- 3 m high, or annual shoots from a peren-

nial crown, up to 70 cm high. Stems glab-

rous, round, sparsely leafy, the base often

minutely tuberculate-papillate with the papil-

lae in rows. Leaves 2-5-8 cm long, linear,

entire, acute, often mucronulate, the upper

ones smaller, the lower ones with 2 minute

stipules. Racemes terminal. Pedicels not

subtended by bracts, in flower 3-6 mm long,

erect; in fruit 5-10 mm long, erect. Sepals

3-5-7 mm long, 1-5-2 -2 mm broad, ob-

lanceolate-oblong; outer 2 somewhat cucul-

late, thickened at the tip; inner 2 with mem-

branous margins, somewhat saccate. Petals

7-5-11-5 mm long, 3 -5-6 -5 mm broad,

obovate, clawed. Filaments 3-4 mm and

3 - 7-4 -9 mm long. Anthers 1-1-9 mm long.

Ovary linear-oblong, shortly stipitate; style

long, stigma capitate; ovules ± 18-24. Fruits

2- 5-5 cm long, 1-8-2 -6 mm broad, linear

with straight margins, shortly stipitate;

valves 1-nerved, smooth, flat; style (1-5-)

4- 8 mm long, stoutly subulate to somewhat

conical. Seeds 2 -7-2 -8 X 1*4-1 -9 mm,

narrowly to broadly oblong.

Known from the Bredasdorp, Caledon and Swel-

lendam districts of the Cape. The flowers are pale

mauvish pink or white.

Cape. — Bredasdorp : Koude River, Schlechter

9629; Elim, Bolus 8518; Galpiti 11327. Caledon :

Onrus River Mtn., Schlechter 9497; Esterhuysen

4942; Hermanus, Guthrie 4118; Rogers 26555.

Swellendam : National Bontebok Park, Liebenberg

7191.

71. Heliophila ramosissima O.E. Schulz

in Bot. Archiv 31 : 535 (1931). Type : Bowie

s.n. (Kl).

Perennial shrublets, much-branched at

the base with spreading or ascending branch-

es up to 25 cm high; glabrous. Leaves 1-4

cm long, 1-2 mm broad, linear or linear-

oblanceolate, acute, succulent. Racemes

terminal, laxly several- to many-flowered.

Pedicels 0-5-1 cm long, slender and erect in

flower; 0-7-1 -2 cm long, reflexed in fruit.

Sepals 4-5 mm long, 1-4-1 -9 mm broad,

oblong or oblanceolate-elliptic; outer 2

cucullate and thickened at the apex; inner 2

saccate. Petals 7 • 5-9 • 5 mm long, 3 • 5-5 mm

broad, obovate or obovate-oblong, rounded,

clawed. Filaments 4-3-5 mm and 5 -1-5 -5

mm long. Anthers 1-1-3 mm long. Ovary

linear; style long, slender; ovules 9-16.

Fruits 2 -5-3 -5 cm long, 1-5-2 mm broad,

linear, submoniliform, very shortly stipitate;

valves obscurely 1-nerved, bulged by the

seeds, alternately convex and concave; style

3-4-5 mm long, stoutly subulate.

Van Niekerk 648, the only specimen with infor-

mation, was collected in October on a “sandy,

rocky hillside.” The collector describes the petals as

“white above, tinged with mauve beneath.”

Cape. — Caledon : Houw Hoek, Van Niekerk

648; Grabouw, Guthrie 3735. Without locality :

Bowie s.n.; with doubtful locality : Uitenhage,

Bowie 6.

? Heliophila sp.

Small perennial herb c. 20 cm tall, woody

at the base, completely glabrous, glaucous.

Leaves 0-6-1 cm long, linear-oblong or nar-

rowly oblanceolate, somewhat fleshy, acute.

Racemes terminal, many-flowered. Sepals c. 3

mm long, oblong-elliptic, or ovate-oblong;

outer 2 slightly cucullate; inner 2 saccate, with

broad, membranous margins. Petals 6 mm

long, 2-8-3 mm broad, obovate, rounded,

narrowly clawed. Filaments 2-3 mm and 3

mm long. Anthers 1-1-3 mm long, apiculate.

Ovary elliptic, very shortly stipitate; style

slender; stigma capitate. Ovules 4.

Known from only one specimen, Taylor 898 in

Compton Herbarium (NBG), collected on the

Kouga Mountains in Willowmore district at an

altitude of 1,200 metres. The flowers appear to have

been whitish, perhaps tinged with pink, the old flowers

turning purplish.

It appears to be related to H. glauca, but the

anthers are similar to those of Brachycarpaea. In the

absence of fruits it cannot be definitely assigned to a

genus.

Doubtful and Insufficiently Known Species

Heliophila dissecta Thunb., Prodr. 108 (1800).

Type : Thunberg Herb. No. 15211. Too poor to

identify with certainty.

H. sphaerostigma Kunze, Ind. Sem. Hort. Lips.

(1846). Placed by Sonder under H. fistulosa Sond.

which I treat as a synonym of H. coronopifolia L.

I have seen neither specimen nor publication.

H. tenella Banks ex DC., Syst. 2 : 680 (1821).

Type : Oldenburg 457 (BM!). Too poor to identify

with certainty. Placed under H. dissecta var. simplex

Sond. in F.C. 1 : 38 (1860), but I have not seen a

specimen annotated by Sonder.

Cruciferae

77

Leptormus dissectus (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enum. 8, No. 56 (1834-5). See H. dissecta Thunb.

above.

Leptormus longifolius Eckl. & Zeyh., l.c. 9, No. 59

(1834-5). Placed by Sonder under H. cornuta Sond.

I have not seen a specimen.

Leptormus tenellus (Banks ex DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh.,

l.c. 9, No. 58 (1834-5). See H. tenella Banks ex DC.

above.

3008

12. SCHLECHTERIA

Schlechteria Bolus in Bot. Jahrb. 24 : 455 (1897); O. E. Schulz in Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 17b : 484

(1936); Phill., Gen. ed. 2 : 353 (1951); Compton in J. S. Afr. Bot. 19 : 152 (1953).

Glabrous much-branched woody shrublets. Leaves linear, alternate, sessile. Inflorescence

racemose, terminal or intercalary. Sepals oblong, membranous, the outer 2 cucullate, the

inner two ^saccate. Petals oblanceolate to obovate, rounded, clawed. Stamens 6; filaments

without appendages. Nectaries 2, large, ± horseshoe-shaped, 1 around the outside of each

short filament. Ovary elliptical, margined, compressed, 2-celled with 1-2 pendulous ovules

per cell; stigma very shallowly 2-lobed, subsessile. Siliculae oval, elliptical or ± obovate,

often oblique, compressed, discoid, margined or narrowly winged, pendulous, indehiscent,

generally 1-seeded (rarely 2-, exceptionally 3-seeded); valves membranous, 1-nerved, reticu-

lately veined. Seeds oval or broadly oblong, compressed; cotyledons twice transversely folded.

An endemic, monotypic genus from the mountains

of the Western Cape.

Schlechteria capensis Bolus , l.c. (1897);

Compton, l.c. (1953). Type : Clanwilliam,

Koudeberg, Schlechter 8765 (K ! ;BM ! ;PRE !).

Woody shrublets, erect or trailing.

Branches terete, very finely cartilaginous-

ridged, the ridges entire or minutely scalloped.

Leaves 1-4 cm long, c. 1 mm broad, linear or

linear-acicular, acute or mucronate, when dry

with fine cartilaginous lines. Racemes terminal

or intercalary, few- or many-flowered. Sepals

4-6 mm long, 1-2-3 mm broad, narrowly

oblong to oblong-obovate; the outer 2

cucullate, thickened or shortly horned at the

apex; the inner 2 i inflated. Petals 7-11-5

mm long, 2-3-5 mm broad, oblanceolate to

obovate. Filaments 2 -5-4 -5 mm and 3- 1-5-8

mm long. Anthers 1-3-2 mm long. Fruiting

pedicles 0-3-1 -3 cm long, sharply reflexed.

Siliculae 1-2-1 -7 cm long, 6-9 mm broad,

oval, elliptical or ± obovate, often oblique,

pendulous, discoid, margined or narrowly

winged, indehiscent, generally 1-seeded;

valves membranous, green or purplish-brown,

eventually straw-coloured, 1-nerved, net-

veined. Seeds 3-5-6 X 2-5-4 mm, oval or

broadly oblong, flat. Fig. 11:3.

The flowers are white or pink, produced in spring.

Found on the Cedarberg “among rocks”, “on shady

ledges at foot of cliffs”, in “rock crevices” or “shady

gullies” between 900 and 1,800 metres.

Cape. — Clanwilliam : Cedarberg, Primos sub

Marloth 11715; 11716; Pakhuis Peak, Esterhuysen

21730; Krakadouw Peak, Thorne sub SAM 52747;

Pocock 651; Duiwelsgat, Esterhuysen 13130; Tafel-

berg, Esterhuysen 13803; Wolfberg, Esterhuysen

22467 ; 29984; Koupoort, Esterhuysen 12170; Koude-

berg, Schlechter 8765.

Out of 64 fruits received from Miss Esterhuysen

(No. 29984), 57 (89 per cent) were 1-seeded, 6 (9.4

per cent) 2-seeded, and 1 (1 .6 per cent) 3-seeded.

2879 13. THLASPEOCARPA

Thlaspeocarpa C.A. Sm. in Kew Bull. 1931 : 155 (1931); O. E. Schulz in Pflanzenfam. ed. 2,

17b : 401 (1936); Phill., Gen. ed. 2 : 348 (1951); Compton in J. S. Afr. Bot. 19 : 153 (1953).

Palmstruckia Sond. in F.C. 1 : 35 (1860), non Retz (1810).

Cruciferae

78

Fig. 11. — 1, Cycloptychis marlothii, fruit, X 4 ( Taylor 6082); la, fruit dehisced, X 4 ( Marais 1406). 2, C. vir-

gata, fruit, X 4; 2a, longitudinal section of one valve, X 4 (Leipoldt 3900). 3, Schlechteria capensis, fruits

x 1 J2 ( Esterhuysen 21730). 4, Thlaspeocarpa naniaquensis, fruits, X 1 j ( Acocks 19536). 5, T. capensis,

fruits, x 1} (Marloth 9709). 6a, Brachycarpaea juncea, fruit, X 4 (Taylor 6105); 6b, fruit, X 4 {Compton

Cruciferae

79

Annual herbs. Leaves pectinately 3-9-lobed, rarely entire. Racemes terminal, ebracteate.

Sepals spreading, the inner 2 slightly saccate. Petals obovate, cuneate but hardly clawed,

j Stamens 6, each of the 2 short filaments with a small appendage. Nectaries 2, large, bi-pris-

! matic, one outside each short filament. Ovary elliptical, compressed, 2-celled, 1 cell usually

! sterile the other with 1 pendulous ovule, rarely 1 ovule in each cell; stigma capitate, sub-

sessile. Siliculae subcircular, compressed, discoid, pendulous, 1-seeded, apparently indehiscent;

septum disappearing and fruit apparently 1 -celled ; valves 1 -nerved. Seeds circular, broadly

winged; cotyledons twice transversely folded.

A genus of 2 species: one from Namaqualand, the other from the Worcester, Sutherland, Laingsburg and

Calvinia districts.

Sepals 2 -5-3 -2 x 1-3-1 -5 mm; petals 3-5-5 X 2-5-3 mm; anthers 0-5-0 -8 mm; siliculae 1-2-1 -7 X

11-1-5 cm; fruiting racemes dense 1. T. capensis

Sepals 1-5-2 X 0-8-1 mm; petals 2-3-5 X 1 -3-1 -8 mm; anthers 0-3-0 -5 mm; siliculae 1-1 -3 x 0-8-1

cm; fruiting racemes lax 2. T. namaquensis

Thlaspeocarpa capensis ( Sond .) C.A. Sm.

in Kew Bull. 1931 : 155 (1931). Type :

Tln/nberg Herb. No. 14938 (UPS).

Pcilnvstruckia capensis Sond. in F.C. 1 : 35 (1860).

Peltaria capensis sensu Thunb., Prodr. 2 : 107

^1800), as to Thunberg Herb. No. 14938, non L.f.

Annual herbs 12-35 cm high, branched

in the upper part; stems and branches pubes-

cent, puberulous or glabrous. Leaves 2-10 cm

long, pectinately 3-9-lobed; lobes broadly

j linear, sub-fleshy, acute, puberulous or glab-

rous; sometimes some of the basal leaves

simple. Racemes sub-umbellate in flower; in

fruit usually dense. Sepals 2 -5-3 -2 mm long,

1-3-1 -5 mm broad, thinly puberulous or

glabrous, membranous-margined; outer 2

oblong-elliptic, cucullate; inner 2 narrowly

ovate-elliptic, slightly saccate. Petals 3-5-5

mm long, 2 • 5-3 mm broad, obovate, rounded,

cuneate. Filaments of the short stamens v/ith

very small appendages. Anthers 0-5-0 -8 mm,

long. Fruiting pedicels 1 • 2-2 (-2 • 5) cm long,

wide-spreading arcuate or re flexed. Siliculae

1-2-1 -7 X 1-1-1 -5 cm, subcircular or sub-

circular-obovate, compressed, pendulous;

valves 1 -nerved, later reticulately veined, at

maturity the central part becomes thick and

spongy and the reticulate veining becomes less

obvious. Seeds 5-6 mm in diameter, circular,

broadly winged with a deep narrow sinus.

Flowering time from August to September.

Cape.— Calvinia : Driefontein, Acocks 18542;

Nieuwoudtville, Lav is sub BOL 19828. Sutherland :

Farm Uitkyk, Marloth 9709. Worcester : Matroos-

berg Stn., Acocks 15520. Without exact locality :

Onderste Roggeveld, Thunberg Herb. No. 14938

partly.

2. Thlaspeocarpa namaquensis Marais in

Bothalia9 : 110 (1966). Type : Namaqualand,

Steinkopf, Acocks 19536 '(PRE!).

Annual herbs 15-35 cm high, branched

in the upper part; stems and branches

minutely puberulous. Leaves 3-10 cm long,

pectinately 3-9 lobed, the lobes broadly

linear, acute, puberulous. Racemes soon

lengthening, lax in fruit. Sepals 1 • 5-2 mm

long, 0-8-1 mm broad, puberulous or glab-

rous, membranous-margined; the inner 2

slightly saccate. Petals 2-3-5 mm long,

1-3-1 -8 mm broad, obovate, rounded, cune-

ate. Filaments of the short stamens with

minute appendages. Anthers 0-3-0 -5 mm

long. Fruiting pedicels 1-1-5 cm long, wide-

spreading, very slender. Siliculae 1-1-3 cm

long, 0-8-1 cm broad, subcircular or subcir-

cular-obovate, compressed, pendulous; valves

1-nerved, thin, finely but conspicuously

reticulately veined at maturity. Seeds 4 • 7-5

mm in diameter, circular, broadly winged

with a narrow sinus. Fig. 11:4.

Flowering time from August to September. Ap-

parently confined to northern Namaqualand.

Cape. — Namaqualand : Kasteelpoort near Klip-

fontein, Bolus 6502; Bolus sub Herb. Norm. Austro-

Afric. 1102; Steinkopf, Acocks 19536. Without

exact locality : Stokoe sub PRE 29579.

The plants are more strongly pigmented than in

T. capensis, the whole plant usually having a purplish

tinge. Differs from T. capensis in the smaller fruits and

seeds, the lax fruiting racemes, and in the flowers

which are smaller in all their parts.

80

Cruciferae

2878

14. CYCLOPTYCHIS

Cycloptychis E. Mey. ex Sond. in F.C. 1 : 34 (1860); O.E. Schulz in Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 17b : 400

(1936); Phill., Gen.' ed. 2 : 347 (1951).

Glabrous, virgate, woody shrubs or shrublets. Leaves linear, oblong to oblanceolate,

entire. Racemes terminal, lax. Sepals erect, 3-nerved, the inner 2 saccate or not. Petals ob-

lanceolate-spathulate, long-clawed, pale mauve to purple. Filaments subulate. Anthers minutely

apiculate. Nectaries 2, 1 outside each short filament. Ovary elliptic, oval or oblong, com-

pressed; 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell; style short or long, stout; stigma small. Siliculae

elliptical to subcircular, beaked, the valves falling away enclosing the seeds or the seeds falling

free; valves weakly or strongly keeled and ridged. Seeds compressed and winged or shaped

like a button mushroom; cotyledons twice transversely folded.

An endemic genus of two species from the mountains of the south-western Cape.

Sepals 3-8-5 mm long, strongly 3-nerved; ovary with a style 2-3 times as long as the ovary; fruits 5-6 mm

long (excluding the style), 4-5 • 5 mm broad, the valves hard and woody with a central keel and 4 or

more ridges radiating from it; fruiting style 4-6 mm long 1. C. virgata

Sepals 2-5-3 mm long, finely 3-nerved; ovary with a short, thick style; fruits 8 -5-12 mm long (excluding the

style), 3 5-4 -8 mm broad, flattened, the valves membranous-leathery, with raised margins and slightly

bulged in the middle, 1 -nerved and finely reticulately ridged especially nearer the margins; fruiting

style 1-5-2 mm long 2. C. marlothii

1. Cycloptychis virgata ( Thunb .) E. Mey.

ex Sond. in F.C. 1 : 34 (I860). Type : Thun-

herg Herb. No. 15442 (UPS!).

Cleome virgata Thunb., Prodr. 109 (1800).

Glabrous, glaucous, woody shrublets

with virgate, terete branches up to 1 m tall.

Leaves 1-2-5 cm long, 1-5 mm broad, ob-

long, elliptic-lanceolate or linear-oblanceo-

late, acute, mucronate, fleshy. Racemes many-

flowered, lax. Pedicels 4-7 mm long, erect.

Sepals 3-8-5 mm long, oblong, strongly 3-

nerved, the reddish nerves converging at the

apex and ending in a blunt point; inner 2

saccate at the base and with very broad mem-

branous margins. Petals 1-2-1 -7 cm long,

3- 8-5 mm broad, oblanceolate or with an

oblong-elliptic blade above the claw, rounded.

Filaments 2-5-3 mm and 3-5-4 mm long,

subulate. Anthers 1-5-2 -3 mm long. Ovary

oval or oblong, each valve soon developing a

central keel and 4 or more lateral radiating

ridges; style 2-3 times as long as the body of

the ovary, stout; stigma small. Fruits erect

with a sessile subcircular body 5-6 mm long,

4- 5-5 mm broad; valves hard and woody

with a central keel and 4 or more ridges

radiating from it; valves beaked into the

base of the style; style 4-6 mm long, stout,

tapering; valves falling away with the seed

firmly lodged in it by the wider head which

fills the cavity. (Viewed from the inside of the

valve only the end of the stalk of the button

mushroom-shaped seed shows and fills the

opening.) Seeds with the narrow stalk part

1 -5-2 X 1-3-2 mm; cotyledons twice trans-

versely folded. Fig. 11:2.

Apparently restricted to the Clanwilliam district

except for one record from the Gif berg. The flowers

are described as mauve or ‘cream and pinkish’, and

the flowering time is from late September to Decem-

ber.

Cape. — Clanwilliam : Keerom, Esterhuysen 17846;

Grootkliphuis, Leipoldt 3900; Pakhuis, Esterhuysen

3429; Acocks 15034. Vanrhynsdorp : Gifberg,

Drege 3161.

The fruits in this species apparently dehisce in a

similar way to that described under C. marlothii.

On the remains of old fruits (repla) a similar groove

runs along the beak of the replum, entering as a

small tunnel into the style. In one case the remains

of the free midrib could be seen lying in the groove.

Near the base of the replum is a small pit, visible to

the naked eye, which is the point of entry (? exit)

of the other end of the free midrib.

2. Cycloptychis marlothii O. E. Schulz

in Bot. Jahrb. 66 : 97 (1933). Type : Ceres,

Marloth 3362 (PRE!).

Erect, virgate, woody shrubs up to 2 m

high, many-stemmed; terminal branchlets

slender, straight, mostly unbranched. Leaves

Cruciferae

81

0- 4-1 cm long, linear, acute, channelled

above, slightly glaucous, few, sparse. Ra-

cemes terminal, lax, at flowering time those of

the previous season still persisting with the

remains of the fruits. Sepals 2-5-3 mm long,

oblong, finely 3-nerved. Petals 10-15-5 mm

long, 2-8-5 mm broad, oblanceolate to

oblanceolate-spathulate, rounded, long-

clawed. Filaments 1 -5-1 -9 mm and 1 -9-2-3

mm long. Anthers 1-1-5 mm long, minutely

apiculate. Ovary narrowly elliptic, sessile,

with a short, thick style. Fruiting pedicels

5-6-5 mm long, erect, slender, thickened at

the apex. Fruits 1-1 -4 cm long (including the

style), 3 -5-4 -8 mm broad, elliptic, flattened,

narrowed at both ends, beaked, the beak and

style together 2 • 5-4 mm long (the style

1- 5-2 mm); seen from the outside the valves

have raised margins and are slightly bulged

in the middle, 1 -nerved, finely reticulately

ridged especially near the margins; seen from

the inside each valve has a thickened central

plate corresponding in size and shape to the

septum; at either end of this plate the midrib

emerges from and lies on the inner surface

of the valve; when the fruit dehisces each

valve remains hanging from the free midrib

which lies in a groove along the beak of the

replum and which enters again into the style;

eventually the midrib breaks and the valve

falls away. Seeds 3-3-4 x 2 -3-2 -5 mm,

oval, subcompressed, narrowly winged. Fig.

M ; 1.

iCnown from the mountains of Ceres and Clan-

william districts. The flowering time is from Sep-

tember to October. The flowers vary from pure white

through pink to light purple.

Cape. — Ceres : Swartruggens, Marloth 3362;

Katbakkies Pass, Marais 1406; Taylor 6082; Suur-

vlakte, Marais 1418; Taylor 6126. Clanwilliam :

Cedarberg, Hondverbrand Ridge, Esterhtiysen 12716.

2878 15. SILICULARIA

Silicularia Compton in J. S.Afr. Bot. 19 : 147, fig. la (1953).

Glabrous, slender, many-stemmed, virgate shrublets. Leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate,

acute. Racemes terminal, many-flowered. Sepals erect, weakly 3-nerved, the inner two

saccate. Petals obovate, rounded, cuneate. Stamens 6; filaments subulate, without appendages.

Nectaries 2, horseshoe-shaped, 1 at the base of each short filament. Ovary + elliptic, sessile,

compressed, imperfectly 2-chambered, the septum incomplete, 2-ovulate; style short or long.

Siliculae subcircular to circular-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, compressed, indehiscent, 1 -seeded,

1-chambered but with marginal remains of the septum; valves with an indistinct midrib and

radiating ridges, margin thickened; style persistent short stout. Seeds subcircular, compressed;

cotyledons twice transversely folded.

An endemic, monotypic genus found in the mountains of Ceres district.

Silicularia polygaloides ( Schltr .) Marais

in Bothalia 10 : 70 (1969). Type ; Koude

Bokkeveld, Schlechter 8900 (B!).

Heliophila polygaloides Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. 27 :

137 (1899). H. nubigenoides Compton in J. S.Afr.

Bot. 19 : 152 (1953), nom. illegit. Type : as for H.

polygaloides Schltr.

Silicularia sigillata Compton, l.c. 19 : 147 (1953).

Type : Ceres, De Keur, Compton 16221 (NBG!).

Small glabrous, perennial shrublets with

pale green annual branches 20-50 cm high

from the short woody base. Stems terete,

minutely striate, mostly unbranched. Leaves

1-2-5 cm long, 1-2 mm broad, linear or

linear-oblanceolate, entire or with 1-2 small

teeth, acute. Raceme terminal, the sepals and

petals persisting for a long time round the

82

Cruciferae

developing ovary. Pedicels 2-4 mm long,

erect in flower but soon becoming recurved.

Sepals 4-5-5 mm long, 1-5 mm broad,

narrowly oblong, weakly 3-nerved; outer 2

cucullate; inner 2 saccate. Petals 7-8 mm

long, 3-8-4 mm broad, obovate, rounded,

clawed. Filaments 2-2-5 mm and 3-3-3 mm

long, subulate. Anthers 1-5-1 -7 mm long.

Ovary elliptical, sessile, compressed, imper-

fectly 2-chambered, the septum incomplete

and marginal; style short or nearly as long

as the ovary; stigma capitate; ovules 2.

Fruit 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm broad, subcir-

cular to ovate-elliptic, pendulous, com-

pressed, indehiscent, 1-seeded; valves with an

indistinct midrib in the lower half and reticu-

lately ridged, the ridges more or less con-

verging on the centre from the thickened rim;

style 0-5-1 mm long. Seeds 1-8-2 mm in

diameter, subcircular, compressed, immargi-

nate.

The white or pale pink flowers appear in September

and October.

Cape. — Ceres : De Keur, Compton 16221; 18791;

Gydo Pass, Lewis s.n.; Ertjieslandkloof, Compton

16092; Swartruggens, Marais 1405; Taylor 6105;

Koude Bokkeveld, Schlechter 8900.

2877 16. BRACHYCARPAEA

Brachycarpaea DC. in Mem. Mus. Par. 7 : 247 (1821); Syst. 2 ; 698 (1821); Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enum. 7 (1834-5); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 33 (1860); O. E. Schulz in Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 17b : 406

(1936); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 419 (1950); Phill., Gen. ed. 2 : 347 (1951); Compton in

J. S.Afr. Bot. 19 : 149 (1953).

Glabrous perennial subshrubs, erect and virgate or procumbent. Leaves linear to oblong,

entire, sessile, acute. Racemes terminal, ebracteate. Sepals erect, persistent, the inner 2 saccate

at the base. Petals oblanceolate to obovate, clawed. Stamens 6; filaments without appendages;

anthers apiculate. Nectaries small, 2 on either side of each short filament. Ovary subcircular

in outline, compressed, sessile, 2-celled; ovules solitary, pendulous. Siliculae angustiseptate,

didymous, indehiscent, breaking into 1-seeded loculi; valves almost spherical, keeled, hard

and woody; style cylindrical, stout. Cotyledons coiled.

An endemic genus, in the past regarded as of 2 or 3 species, but here treated as monotypic.

Brachycarpaea juncea (Berg.) Marais in

Bothalia 9 : 112 (1966). Type : Grubb s.n.

(SBT, holo. !).

Cleome juncea Berg., Descr. PI. Cap. 164 (1767);

Thunb., Prodr. 109 (1800). C. laxa Thunb., l.c. (1800).

Type : Thunberg, Herb. No. 15423 (UPS, holo.!).

Heliophila flava L.f., Suppl. 297 (1781). Type :

Thunberg in Herb. Linn. 840.7!

Brachycarpaea varians DC., Syst. 2 : 699 (1821);

Sond. in F.C. 1 : 33 (1860). — var. flava (L.f.)DC.,

l.c. (1821); Sond., l.c. (1860). — var. purpurascens

DC., l.c. (1821); Sond., l.c. (1860). Type : Herb.

Burmann sub Polygala bracteolata. B. polygaloides

Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. No. 51 (1834-35). Type :

Cape, Clanwilliam, Ecklon & Zeyher. B. linifolia

Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. No. 53 (1834-35). Type :

Cape, Caledon, Ecklon & Zeyher. B. laxa (Thunb.)

Sond., l.c. (1860); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins.

419 (1950). — var. laxa Sond., l.c. (1860). — var.

stricta Sond., l.c. (1860). Type : “B. emarginata in

Herb. Drege.” B. j,ava (L.f.) Druce in Rep. Bot.

Exch. Club Br. Is. 1716 : 610 (1917). B. capensis

Fourc. in Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 20 : 36 (1941),

excl. syn. Linn.

Coronopus anomalus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2 : 853

(1825), nom. illegit.

Stout virgate shrublets up to 1 m tall,

or branches slender, wiry, ± procumbent.

Leaves 1-5-5 cm long, 1-7 mm broad,

linear to narrowly oblong or linear-elliptic,

frequently mucronate. Racemes lax, several-

to many-flowered. Sepals 2-4 mm long,

ovate-oblong to ovate-cordate, firm, smooth

or minutely cartilaginous-papillate with the

papillae in rows; the outer 2 cucullate, thick-

ened at the tip; the inner 2 saccate, mem-

branous-margined. Petals 0-8-2 cm long,

2-5-9 mm broad, broadly oblanceolate to

Cruciferae

83

oblong-obovate, rounded, clawed, the claw

often widening slightly near the base. Fila-

ments 1-4-1 -6 mm and 2-2-4 mm long.

Anthers 1-1-6 mm long, minutely pointed.

Ovary with the style and stigma half, to nearly

as long as the ovary itself. Fruiting pedicels

0-4-1 cm long, erect or recurved. Silicitlae

2-8-4 mm high, 5-5-7 mm broad, of 2 al-

most spherical, keeled, densely papillose or

± rugose loculi, with the sepals persistent and

slightly accrescent; style 0-8-2 -8 mm long,

stout. Fig. 11:6.

Widespread from the Kamiesberg in Namaqua-

land through the mountain ranges nearest the coast

to the Langkloof Mts. in the Uniondale district.

Flowering time is from August to December, but

mainly September to November. The flowers are

described as white, blue, pink, violet, mauve and

purple.

Cape. — Bredasdorp : Acocks 15478; Stokoe sub

SAM 57793; Rietfonteinpoort, Schlechter 9699.

Caledon : Zeyher 1912; Gansbaai, Stokoe 8543;

Klein River, Ecklon & Zeyher 53. Calvinia : Loken-

burg, Leistner 340; Nieuwoudtville, Lavis s.n.;

Barker 9429. Ceres : Hondenbek, Marloth 10694;

Swartruggens, Marais 1404. Clanwilliam : Ezelbank,

Thode 1961; Brakfontein, Ecklon & Zeyher 51;

Olifants River Mts., Schlechter 5075; Pakhuis Pass,

Acocks 15035; Algeria, Galpin 10527; 10528; Story

2943. Ladismith : Zoar, Wurtz 1595. Laingsburg :

Cabidu, Barker 1361. Montagu : Eendracht, Compton

18384; Coo Mt., Compton 10280. Namaqualand :

Kamiesberg, Kasperskloof, Drege 7584a; Lelie-

fontein, Leipoldt 3912; Pearson 6338; Spektakel,

Barker 1362; Herre s.n.; between Leliefontein and

Pedroskloof, Drege 7584c; Springbok, Barker 6644.

Paarl : Paarl Mt., Drege (B. various a); Sagariashoek,

Van cler Merwe 817. Peninsula : Cape Point, Phillips

s.n.; Compton 18288; Paulsberg, W. Dod 2874;

Compton 15741; Vasco da Gama Peak, Salter 2853.

Piketberg : De Hoek, Wilman 741 ; Mouton Valley,

Marloth 11501. Prince Albert : Eikerkraal, Leipoldt

sub BOL 21668; Swartberg Pass, Stokoe 8536.

Stellenbosch : Van Rensburg 500. Swellendam :

Snymanskraal, Muir 2922. Tulbagh : Waterfall,

Bolus sub Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric. 323. Union-

dale : Langkloof, Avontuur, Bolus 2252; Georgida,

Esterhuysen 6378. Vanrhynsdorp : Gifberg, Leipoldt

3903; Phillips 7578; 7579. Wellington : Thomson 5.

Willowmore : Suurberg Poort, Andreae 1044.

Worcester : Breede River Stn., Van Breda 795;

Hex River Valley, Tyson 624. Without exact locality :

Mund sub SAM 1 3616; Zeyher 36; 37.

Compton (J. S.Afr. Bot. 19 : 149-150, 1953), seems

to be of the opinion that there are more than 2

species in the genus. After numerous efforts to sort

the material I came to the conclusion that there is

only one variable species.

The specimens fall into 4 main groups :

1. Robust or fairly slender, usually erect plants

with large flowers from Vanrhynsdorp, Cal-

vinia, Ceres, Clanwilliam, Piketberg, Tulbagh,

Paarl, Wellington, Worcester, Stellenbosch and

Montagu.

2. Slender, weak-stemmed, ± procumbent plants

with, small flowers and narrow petals from the

Peninsula, Caledon, Bredasdorp, Swellendam and

Riversdale.

3. Slender plants, often procumbent with smallish

flowers, the petals broader than in group 2, from

Namaqualand.

4. Erect, slender, virgate plants, the flowers medium

small, petals broad, drying a different colour

pink from any in the other groups. Recorded

from Uniondale, Willowmore, Prince Albert,

Ladismith and Laingsburg.

The plants in gr oups 1 and 2 are very similar and,

in both groups, plants with either long- or short-

styled fruits are found. The plants in group 4 resemble

some of the smaller plants in group 1 in all but colour

of the dried flowers. Group 1 includes the types of

B. juncea, B. flava and B. laxa. The type of B. laxa

agrees with the less robust plants from the Clanwilliam

district and not with the smaller plants from

Namaqualand and the Peninsula which have been

going under that name. If the plants in group 2 are

reg r ed as a distinct species, the correct n me

would be B. linifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.

2883 17. LEPIDIUM

LepidiumL., Sp. PI. 643 (1753); Gen. PI. ed. 5 : 291 (1754); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 28 (1860); Thell.,

Gatt. Lepid. 30, 72 (1906); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 129 (1926); O. E. Schulz in Pflanzenfam.

ed. 2, 17b : 407 (1936); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 419 (1950); Phill., Gen. ed. 2 : 348

(1951); Exell in F.Z. 1 : 190 (1960); Tutin et al„ FI. Europ. 1 : 330 (1964); Schreiber in

F.S.W.A. 48 : 8 (1966).

84

Cruciferae

Annual, biennial or perennial herbs or shrublets; glabrous or pubescent with simple

hairs. Leaves1 variable, simple to 1-4-pinnatipartite, entire to serrate-dentate or lobate, sessile

or petiolate, cuneate or amplexicaul; the basal leaves usually in a rosette and differing in shape

from the cauline leaves. Racemes terminal or axillary, corymbose at first, in fruit contracted or

elongate, dense or lax. Pedicels appressed or wide-spreading. Sepals equal, not saccate at the

base, deciduous or persistent. Petals present or absent, often much reduced. Stamens 2-6, the

filaments long, the anthers exserted. Nectaries tuberculate or elongate, filiform. Siliculae

oblong, ovate, obovate, elliptical, obcordate or subcircular, dorsally compressed, angusti-

septate, 2-valved, dehiscent; valves boat-shaped, keeled or winged; fruit emarginate at the

apex and the style included in the sinus, or the fruit not (or hardly) emarginate with the style

exserted. Seeds solitary in each locule (rarely 2), pendulous; cotyledons incumbent, sometimes

oblique, entire or in one species tripartite.

A genus of probably 130-150 species found throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of the world;

rare in the tropics and there confined to high altitudes. In South Africa there are 1 5 indigenous species, two

introduced from North America, and 1 European species recorded a century ago.

The genus does not lend itself to taxonomic subdivisions; even when treating a relatively small number

of species the only usable key characters are not reliable. The lower and upper fruits of an inflorescence

frequently are of a different shape and smaller than those of the ‘typical’ middle part. The petals of the lower

and upper flowers are often more reduced than those of the middle flowers. In the key, doubtful specimens

should be tried both in the section with the style exserted and in the section with the style included in the sinus

of the fruit. All the references to siliculae in the key refer to fully developed fruits. In immature fruits the

relative size of the sinus is frequently different.

Siliculae 5-6 x 3-5-4 mm with prominent apical wings; valves densely papillate; cauline leaves sessile,

auriculate-amplexicaul 17. L. campestre

Siliculae smaller, neither papillate nor prominently winged; cauline leaves not auriculate-amplexicaul:

Siliculae not or only very slightly emarginate, the style projecting beyond the apex of the fruit:

Stamens 6:

Petals over 2 mm long, exceeding the sepals; siliculae 4-5-5 x 3-3-5 mm 1. L. flexuosum

Petals less than 2 mm long, slightly shorter than the sepals; siliculae 2-7-4 x 1 -7-2-5 mm:

Basal leaves 2-4-pinnatipartite with linear lobes; siliculae 2 -7-3 -2 X 1-7-2 -2 mm, ovate to

ovate-elliptical 2. L. bipinnatum

Basal leaves obovate or oblanceolate, entire or lyrate-pinnatifid with short broad lobes; siliculae

4 X 2 -2-2 -5 mm, ± rhomboid 3. L. schlechterj

Stamens 2:

Nectaries filiform:

Siliculae obcordate or obcordate-ovate:

Fruiting pedicels wide-spreading, arcuate. 6. L. desertorum

Fruiting pedicels appressed-erect, straight 5. L. schinzii

Siliculae variously shaped but not basically obcordate:

Racemes lax in fruit; fruiting pedicels erect, slightly curving ouwtards; basal leaves oblanceo-

late, entire or few toothed 4. L. mossii

Racemes dense in fruit; fruiting pedicels appressed-erect, straight; basal leaves pinnatisect

5. L. schinzii

Nectaries triangular, elongate-triangular or rounded:

Siliculae 1 -4-1 -7 x 0-9-1 -2 mm 7. L. myriocarpum

Siliculae over 2 mm long and 1 -5 mm broad (see also L. ecklonii and L. transvaalense ):

Siliculae 2-3-3 X 1- 6-2-1 mm, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, narrowed or narrowly rounded

at the base; style projecting quite conspicuously; stems shortly pubescent; sepals 0-8-1

mm; petals 0-3-0 -5 mm 8. L. capense

Siliculae 2 -3-2 -9 x 1 -8-2 mm, ovate or broadly ovate-elliptic, broadly rounded at the base;

style projecting only very slightly; stems glabrous or minutely puberulous; sepals 0-7-

0 • 8 mm ; petals 0 • 5-0 • 7 mm 9. L. pinnatum

Cruciffraf.

85

Siliculae emarginate, sometimes only slightly, the style shorter than, or as long as the sinus, but not

projecting :

Siliculae subcircular or broadly obovate, over 2-5 mm broad; seeds narrowly winged on the outer

margin; either petals over 1 mm long, or the seeds over 1 -5 mm long:

Basal leaves bipinnatipartite; upper leaves pinnate; petals 01-0-8 mm, shorter than the sepals;

seeds 1-5-2 X 0-9-1 -2 mm 16. L. bonariense

Basal leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, usually dying off before flowering; upper leaves oblanceolate or

narrowly obovate, serrate; petals 1 -2-1 -5 mm, longer than the sepals; seeds ±1-3 x 0-8 mm

18. L. virginicum

Siliculae elliptic, ovate, oblong-ovate or oblong-obovate to subcircular-oblong, less than 2-5 mm

broad; petals less than 1 mm long; seeds less than 1 -5 mm long:

Nectaries filiform; petals 0; fruiting racemes dense:

Fruiting pedicels wide-spreading, arcuate; siliculae 2-8-3 x 1-7-1 -9 mm 10. L. basuticum

Fruiting pedicels appressed-erect, straight ; siliculae 1 • 6-2 -7x1- 2-1 ■ 8 mm 5. L. schinzii

Nectaries triangular, elongate-triangular or rounded; petals always present even though minute;

fruiting racemes lax or dense, elongate:

Lower stem leaves sub-bipinnatipartite with spreading or ± recurved, narrow, acute, linear-

lanceolate lobes; all stem leaves at least once-pinnate; siliculae fairly deeply emarginate

with the lobes frequently ± converging 12. L. subtense

Lower stem leaves once pinnatipartite, or oblanceolate, lobed or serrate, but the lobes usually

broad; if lobes narrow and acute then entire, not lobed again; generally not all stem leaves

pinnate; siliculae not with converging lobes:

Annual or biennial herbs branching mostly in the upper, flowering part; whole plant often

pale yellow-green; basal leaves oblanceolate, coarsely serrate-dentate and with a few bigger

teeth near the apex; rarely some of the basal leaves pinnatipartite; lower and upper stem

leaves simple; almost invaiiably a weed ILL. ctfricanum

Perennial herbs often woody at the base, branched but not only in the upper, flowering part;

basal and lower stem leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatifid; upper stem leaves simple; not

usually weeds:

Seeds 0-8-1 X 0-4-0 -6 mm; siliculae 1-2-1 -7 mm broad:

Plants completely glabrous; siliculae 1 -9-2-6 X 1-2-1 -5 mm, oblong to oblong-ovate;

pedicels glabrous 13. L. divaricatum subsp. trifurcum

Plants pubescent; siliculae 1 -8-2-5 x 1 -4-1 -7 mm, ovate-oblong to subcircular-oblong;

pedicels puberulous on the upper surface 14. L. transvaalense

Seeds 1-3-1 -5 x 0 -6-0 -8 mm; siliculae 1 -7-2-3 mm broad:

Plants pubescent or at least the petioles ciliate; leaves frequently finely serrate, obovate

or broadly oblanceolate, unlobed or lyrate-pinnatifid 15. L. ecklonii

Plants glabrous or minutely puberulous; leaves often 3-5-dentate near the apex but not

usually serrate, pinnate with narrow or broad segments, or narrowly oblanceolate:

Slender plants from shady kloofs, ledges or rock fissures on mountains of the south-

western Cape; summer flowering 9. L. pinnatum

Widespread in the summer rainfall area; mostly winter-flowering

13. L. divaricatum subsp. divaricatum

1. Lepidium flexuosum Thunb., Prodr.

2 : 107 (1800); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 28 (1860);

Thell. in Vjschr. Naturf. Ges. Zurich 51 : 172

(1906). Type : Piketberg, Thunberg Herb. No.

14767 (UPS!).

Herb with annual stems from a perennial

woody crown which is slightly fibrous with

the remains of old leaves. Stems up to 20 cm

long, weak, i decumbent, glabrous or the

upper part puberulous with clavate hairs.

Basal leaves 5-9 X 0-5-1 -3 cm, petiolate,

oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, entire or

pinnately 3-7-lobed, the lobes ligulate or

broadly linear. Stem leaves oblanceolate or

ligulate, simple, sessile, rounded; lower leaves

glabrous; upper leaves glabrous or thinly

puberulous with clavate hairs. Racemes

terminal and from the upper axils; sub-

corymbose at first; in fruit lax; rhachis glab-

rous or puberulous. Pedicels arcuate or

ascending, glabrous or puberulous, 4-5-5

mm long in fruit. Sepals 1 • 5-2 mm long,

ovate, membranous-margined, green or

tinged purple. Petals 2-2-3 mm long, spathu-

late or narrowly oblong-cuneate, white.

86

Cruciferae

Stamens 6; filaments subulate, thickened at the

base. Nectaries small, rounded. Siliculae

4-5-5 X 3-3-5 mm, ovate, acute, not emar-

ginate; style projecting 0-5 mm or more.

Fig. 12 : 3.

Apparently confined to a small area in the south-

western Cape. Collected in flower in October, in

fruit during November.

Cape. — Malmesbury : Hopefield, Bachmann 358;

941. Piketberg : St Helenafontein, Bolus sub BOL

21732; Verloren Valle:, Thunberg.

A very distinctive species related to L. cartilagineum

(J. Mey). Thell. which occurs in saline areas of eastern

Europe.

2. Lepidium bipinmatum Thunb., Prodr.

2 : 107 (1800); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 30 (1860);

Thell. in Vjschr. Naturf. Ges. Ziirich 51 : 173

(1906). Type : Middelste Roggevelde, Thun-

berg Herb. No. 14759 (UPS !).

Perennial herbs with long, slender, de-

cumbent or ascending, glabrous or minutely

puberulous, sparsely leafy, flowering stems.

Lower leaves 8-12 cm long, 3-4-pinnatipartite

in the upper part of the leaf, petiolate, rosu-

late; lobes short, linear. Upper leaves smaller,

less lobed; the uppermost simple; all leaves

minutely grey puberulous on both surfaces.

Flowering stems branched above, with lax,

terminal racemes. Pedicels slender, straight,

spreading, glabrous or puberulous, 3-5-8

mm long in fruit. Sepals 1-1-3 mm long,

ovate-oblong, green, membranous-margined.

Petals 0-8-1 mm long, linear-spathulate,

white. Stamens 6; filaments subulate, thick-

ened at the base. Nectaries small, triangular.

Siliculae 2 -7-3 -2 x 1-7-2 -2 mm, ovate or

ovate-elliptical, emarginate, the style pro-

jecting conspicuously. Seeds 1-5-1 -7 x 0-7-

0-9 mm, ellipsoid. Fig. 12:1.

Cape. — Beaufort West : O. Kuntze s.n. Fraser-

burg : Bolus 10380. Graaff-Reinet : Bolus 48; Bolus

sub Herb. Norm. Austro-Afric. 1101; Sondags

River, Burchell 2884. Without exact locality: Masson

s.n.; Middelste Roggeveld, Thunberg s.n.

3. Lepidium schlechteri Thell. in Bull.

Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 8 : 627 (1908); Burtt

Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 129 (1926). Type :

Standerton, Waterfall River, Schlechter 3476.

Perennial herb with erect annual shoots

up to 20 cm high. Stems minutely scabro-

puberulous, glabrescent. Basal leaves in a

rosette, 4-6 cm long, 0-8-1 -5 cm broad,

obovate or oblanceolate, entire or lyrate-

pinnatifid v/ith short, ovate, outwardly curved

lobes, petiolate, the base of the petioles ex-

panded, lower surface and margin of petiole

puberulous; lower surface of blade or only

the nerves, and margin of blade puberulous;

upper surface glabrous. Stem leaves few,

sessile, linear-oblong or oblanceolate, entire,

margin puberulous. Racemes terminal, fairly

lax in fruit ; rhachis subglabrous or minutely

puberulous. Pedicels subglabrous or puberu-

lous; in fruit ascending or arcuate, 3-5-6 mm

long. Sepals 1-3-1 -5 mm long, ovate-oblong

or obovate, membranous-margined, glabrous.

Petals 1-1-2 mm long, linear-spathulate,

white. Stamens 6; filaments subulate. Necta-

ries small, inconspicuous. Siliculae 4 x 2-2-

2-5 mm, zL rhomboid, narrowed towards

both ends, not emarginate; style prominent,

0-2-0 -4 mm long. Fig. 12 : 4.

O.F.S. — Bethlehem : Potgieter sub TRV 21910.

I have not been able to trace any material of the

type collection. The Potgieter specimen agrees very

well with Thellung’s description and I have no

doubt that it is this species.

4. Lepidium mossii Thell. in Vjschr.

Naturf. Ges. Zurich 74 : 111 (1929). Type :

Johannesburg, Moss 13549 (BM!; PRE!).

Perennial herb with erect annual shoots

up to 20 cm high. Stems densely and minutely

puberulous. Basal leaves in a rosette, 4-6 cm

long, oblanceolate, entire or few-toothed,

petiolate, the base of the petiole expanded;

lower surface and margin of petiole puberu-

lous; upper surface glabrous. Stem leaves

few, sessile, lanceolate or oblanceolate, entire,

lower surface and midrib puberulous. Ra-

cemes terminal, fairly lax in fruit ; rhachis dens-

ely puberulous. Pedicels densely puberulous; in

fruit 1 -5-2-5 mm long (the lower ones some-

times up to 4 mm), erect or slightly outward

curving. Sepals 0-7-0 -9 mm long, ovate-

oblong or ovate, green or tinged with purple,

membranous-margined. Petals 0-4—0 -5 mm

long, spathulate, white. Stamens 2; filaments

subulate. Nectaries filiform, 0-2-0 -3 mm

long. Siliculae 2 -5-2 -8 x 1-8-2 mm, ovate,

Cruciffrae

87

Fig. 12. — 1, Lepidium bipinnatum, fruit, X 8 ( Bolus sub. Herb. Norm. 1101). 2, L. desertorum, fruit, x 8

C Theron 1248). 3, L. flexuosum, fruit, X 8 (Bachmann 358). 4, L. schlechteri, fruit, x 8 ( Potgieter 21910).

5, L. mossii, fruit, X 8 (Moss 13549). 6, L. schinzii, fruit, X 8 (Ermelo Convent pupils 137). 7, L. myriocar-

pum, fruit, x 8 (Dieterlen 542). 8, L. pinnatum, fruit, X 8 (Esterhuysen 23983). 9, L. capense, fruit, X 8

(W. Dod 2889). 10, L. basuticum, fruit, x 8; 10a, leaf, x 1 ( Dieterlen 1260). 11, L. africanum, fruit, x 8

(Acocks 9074). 12, L. suluense, fruit, x 8; 12a, leaf, x 1 (Ward 4577). 13, L. divaricatum subsp. divarica-

tum, fruit, X 8 (Leistner 2432). 14, L. divaricatum subsp. trifurcum, fruit, X 8 (Potts 793). 15, L. ecklonii,

fruit, X 8 (Dyer 1524). 16, L. transvaalense, fruit, X 8 (Leendertz 9367).

47631-7

88

Cruciferae

very shallowly emarginate at the apex, the

short style exserted (according to Thellung

the fruits measure 3-3-5 X 2-5 mm). Fig.

12 : 5.

An insufficiently known species. The available

material is in rather poor condition.

Transvaal. — Johannesburg : Nancefield, Moss

13549.

O.F.S. — Leeuspruit and Vredefort, Barrett-Hamil-

lon s.n.

5. Lepidium schinzii Thell. in Vjschr.

Naturf. Ges. Zurich 51 : 182 (1906); Burtt

Davy, FI. Transv. 1 : 29 (1926). Type :

E.S.C.A. Herb. 335 (Z!).

L. trifurcum sensu Thell., l.c. 171 (1906), as to all

specimens cited, non Sond. L. schinzii forma petali-

gerum Thell., op. cit. 74 : 112 (1929). Type : Switzer-

land, Probst-Langendorf s.n.

Herb 15-45 cm high with ascending

branches. Stem and branches densely re-

trorse-puberulous with subclavate papillae,

eventually glabrescent, only rarely plants

completely glabrous. Basal leaves 4-10 cm

long, rosulate, petiolate, pinnatipartite with

6-11 lobes, each lobe variously lobed in

rounded lobules of different sizes; gradually

smaller in size and less intricately lobed,

lower stem leaves sessile, more or less clasp-

ing, pinnately lobed with short, blunt lobes;

upper leaves cuneate, bluntly toothed or

entire; puberulous with triangular or clavate

papillae, sometimes only the upper surface,

eventually glabrescent. Racemes terminal,

3-15 cm long in fruit, dense, the rhachis re-

trorsely papillose, eventually glabrescent.

Pedicels glabrous or with a few papillae on

the ± swollen base; in fruit 1-5-3 (-4) mm

long, appressed-erect. Sepals 0-6-0 -8 mm

long, oblong, green or tinged purple, margin

membranous, subpersistent. Petals absent or

0-2-0 -4 mm long, linear. Stamens 2; fila-

ments subulate, thickened at the base.

Nectaries filiform, 0-3-0 -5 mm long, longer

than or equal to the petals. Siliculae 1 • 6-2-7

X 1-2-1 -8 mm, elliptic to ovate-oblong, or

very broadly ovate, very shallowly emargi-

nate, the style short with just the stigma pro-

jecting, or included in the sinus. Seeds 1-1 -2

X 0-5-0 -7 mm, light brown. Fig. 12 : 6.

A widespread and variable weed. Found as a

wool adventive in Britain and Switzerland. The

E.S.C.A. Herbarium No. 335 specimen in Zurich is

labelled by Thellung as type.

Cape. — Barkly East : Gerstner 676. Britstown :

Thomson in PRE 29585 Calvinia : Burtt Davy sub

T.D.A. 17552 Hanover : Sim 5963. Kenhardt :

Fuller sub PRE 29584. Laingsburg : Matjiesfontein,

Foley 94. Middelburg : Flanagan 1396. Molteno :

Stormberg Junction, Galpin 6548. Richmond :

Drege 7542a; 7542b Steynsburg : Pole Evans 1737;

1738. Victoria West : Rehmann22\9.

O.F.S.— Bloemfontein : Potts 2619. Ficksburg :

Galpin 13871. Fouriesburg : Potts 3046; Clarens,

Van Hoepen sub TRV 18245. Ladybrand : Groot 6.

Lesotho.— Cooper 1895; Staples 202; Leribe,

Dieterlen 137a; Mamathes, Jacot Guillarmod 2813.

Natal. — Estcourt : Tabamhlope, West 473.

Transvaal. — Ermelo : Leendertz 3125. Johannes-

burg : E.S.C.A. Herb. 335; Leendertz 1789; Mogg

16840; Florida, Moss 8095. Pretoria : Rietfontein,

Pole Evans 304. Wakkerstroom : Watt & Brandwyk

1636; 1637.

6. Lepidium desertorum Eckl. & Zey.,

Enum. 6, No. 40 (1834-35); Sond. in F.C.

1 : 29 (1860); Thell. in Vjschr. Naturf. Ges.

Zurich 51 : 179 (1906); Schreiber in F.S.W.A.

48 : 8 (1966). Type : Swellendam, Ecklon &

Zeyher No. 40.

Low-growing herb with decumbent or

ascending stems 2-25 cm high. Stems minute-

ly puberulous. Basal leaves rosulate, petiolate,

1-5-7 -5 cm long, pinnately lobed, the lobes

broad, ± lobulate or dentate or the smaller

leaves frequently with an obovate or ovate-

lanceolate, laciniate-serrate blade; petiole

and upper surface of midrib puberulous,

blade glabrous; upper leaves sometimes pin-

nately lobed, but mostly narrowly obovate or

oblanceolate, petiolate, serrate to entire.

Racemes terminal, at first short, corymbose;

in fruit up to 4 (-8) cm long, lax; rhachis

puberulous. Pedicels puberulous on the upper

surface; in fruit 1-2-2 -5 mm long, wide-

spreading, slightly arcuate. Sepals 0-5 mm

long, broadly ovate, green with a broad mem-

branous margin, sometimes tinged purple,

subpersistent. Petals 0 or rarely present but

minute. Stamens 2; filaments subulate. Nec-

taries filiform, elongate. Siliculae 1- 6-2-1 X

1-4-1 -8 mm, obcordate or obcordate-ovate,

the style just projecting. Seeds 0-8-1 x 0-5-

0-6 mm. Fig. 12:2.

Widespread in the drier parts of the Cape and

southern Free State.

Cape — Beaufort West : Van Breda 538. Car-

narvon : Henrici 28. Clanwilliam : Wupperthal,

Marloth 7180, partly Colesberg : Botha 3546. Fraser-

burg : Bolus 8610. Graaff-Reinet : Sister Tarcis'ia 43.

Cruciferae

89

Hay : Acocks 2332. Hopetown : Acocks 8773. Laings-

burg : Foley 2. Middelburg : Theron 615; 1248.

Namaqualand : Silwerfontein, Drege s.n.; Steinkopf,

M. Schlechter s.n.; Holoog, Pearson 9802. Oudts-

hoorn : Rogers 4654. Prieska : Bryant 311. Richmond :

Acocks 8728. Riversdale : Muir 2350. Uitenhage :

Zeyher 34. Vanrhynsdorp : Schlechter 8092; 8093;

Kareeberge, Schlechter 8266. Victoria West : Thode

1881. Worcester : De Dooms, Moss 4409; Hex

River Valley, W. Dod 4039; 4049.

O.F.S. — Fauresmith : Smith 456; Pole Evans 1828.

Luckhoff : Henrici 4598.

S.W.A. — District unknown : Gabis, Pearson 5034.

Wolley Dod 4049 in Kew Herb, is coarsely puberu-

lous in all parts. Some of the plants from Acocks

8773 and Foley 2 have small petals not much bigger

than the nectaries. The Albany Museum sheet of

Schlechter 8266 from the Kareeberge is L. divari-

catumA.it.

7. Lepidium myriocarputn Sond. in Lin-

naea 23 ; 4 (1850); F.C. 1 : 28 (1860); Thell.

in Vjschr. Naturf. Ges. Zurich 51 : 181 (1906).

Type : Bathurst, Glenfillan, Drege 7541

(K!; BM!; PRE!).

Erect perennial herbs up to 70 cm high,

much-branched and leafy; glabrous in all

parts except the leaf margin and sometimes

the upper surface of the midrib minutely

puberulous. Lower leaves not known. Upper

leaves up to 7 • 5 cm long, linear-oblanceolate,

acuminate, entire. Racemes terminal, in

fruit slender, c.10 cm long. Pedicels 2-3-7

mm long in fruit, slender, erect, very slightly

arcuate. Sepals 0-6-0 -7 mm long, narrowly

oblong, green tinged with mauve, with mem-

branous margins. Petals 0-4-0 -5 mm long,

linear-oblong, white. Stamens 2; filaments

subulate. Nectaries elongate-triangular. Sili-

culae 1-4-1 -7 x 0-9-1 -2 mm, ovate or

ovate-elliptic, not emarginate; style short,

projecting. Seeds c. 0-6 x 0-4 mm. Fig. 12 :

7.

Cape. — Bathurst : Glenfillan, Drege 7541.

O.F.S. — Caledon River, Burke s.n.; Zeyher 24.

Lesotho. — Leribe, Dieterlen 542; Thaba Bosiu,

Junod 1912; Mokhotlong, Jacot Guillarmod 1021.

8. Lepidium capense Thunb., Prodr. 107

(1800); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 29 (1860), excluding

var. sylvaticum; Marais in Bothalia 9 : 107

(1966). Type : Tlntnberg Herb. No. 14761

(UPS!).

L. decumbens Desv. in J. Bot. Appl. 3 : 165, 176

(1814); Adamson in FI. Cape Penins. 420 (1950).

Type : ex Cult., Herb. Desvaux (P, holo.!.; BM!).

L. africanum sensu DC., Syst. 2 : 552 (1821), as to

descr. and specim.; L. africanum auct., non (Burm.

f.) DC. L. africanum var. typicum Thell. in Vjschr.

Naturf. Ges. Zurich 51 : 187 (1906), excl. syn.

Burm.f. —var. capense (Thunb.) Thell., l.c. (1906).

— var. serratum Thell., l.c.: 188 (1906). Type : Herb.

Thunberg No. 14792 (UPS!). — var. serratum f.

glabratum Thell., l.c. 189 (1906). Type : Ecklon &

Zeyher 43 p.p. (B, W, not seen). — var. burchellii

Thell., l.c. (1906). Type : BurchellUl (K!).

Perennial herbs somewhat woody at the

base. Stems erect or ± procumbent, shortly

crinkly pubescent. Basal leaves rosulate,

lyrate-pinnatisect, the lobes short, rounded,

incised, toothed or entire; terminal lobe

ovate, obovate or oblong, incised or serrate.

Lower stem leaves pinnatisect with ± lanceo-

late, entire or toothed lobes, or oblanceolate,

incised-serrate. Upper stem leaves oblanceo-

late, few-toothed near the apex; all leaves

with both or only the lower surface shortly

pubescent. Inflorescence dense in bud, lax in

fruit; rhachis shortly pubescent. Pedicels

shortly pubescent, 2-3-5 mm long in fruit,

spreading or ascending. Sepals 0-8-1 mm

long, ovate-oblong, green or tinged purple.

Petals 0-3-0 -5 mm long, white. Stamens 2;

filaments subulate, thickened at the base.

Nectaries triangular-elongate, not much shor-

ter than the petals. Siliculae 2 • 3-3 x 1 • 6-2 • 1

mm, elliptical or obovate-elliptical, ± cuneate

at the base, hardly emarginate, the style

projecting. Seeds 1-3-1 -4 x 0-6-0 -7 mm,

ellipsoid, dark brown. Fig. 12:9.

Winter flowering, April-August, growing at low

altitudes.

Cape. — Peninsula : Simonstown, Schlechter 661 ;

Cape Town, Burchell 1 37 ; 293 ; Lions Head, Schlechter

1041; Maitland Village, W. Dod 2889; Versvlei

W. Dod 3164; Millers Point, W. Dod 2912. Without

exact locality : Burmann Herb, s.n.; Pappe s.n.;

Mund s.n.; Harvey 228; Masson s.n.; Thunberg

Herb. No. 14792.

From the description it is not possible to say

whether L. africanum sensu Adamson, FI. Cape

Penins. 420 (1950), refers to L. capense or to L.

pinnatum.

9. Lepidium pinnatum Thunb., Prodr.

107 (1800); Sond. in F.C. 1 : 30 (1860),

excluding syn. L. divaricatum; Thell. in

Vjschr. Naturf. Ges. Zurich 51 : 183 (1906).

Type : Thunberg Herb. No. 14782 (UPS!).

90

Cruci ferae

Bf L. pinnatum var. lypicum Thell., l.c. : 184 (1906).

Type as above. — var. pinnato-incisum Thell., l.c.

(1906). Type : Paarlberg, Drege (L. capense b!).

Somewhat shrubby perennial herbs with

subwoody stems, erect, up to 40 cm high,

branched with spreading branches, ultimate

branchlets sometimes short with the leaves

i fasciculate. Basal leaves not seen. Stem

leaves 2-7 cm long, pinnatifid with 1-4 pairs

of small, narrowly obovate or lanceolate

lobes; lobes dentate or lobulate, spreading;

uppermost leaves simple, few-toothed ; all

leaves glabrous or minutely puberulous on

the upper surface and margin. Racemes termi-

nal, lax in fruit; rhachis glabrous or puberu-

lous. Pedicels glabrous or puberulous, in

fruit 1-5-3 mm long, arcuate, ascending.

Sepals 0 • 7-0 • 8 mm long. Petals 0 • 5-0 • 7 mm

long, narrowly oblong-obovate. Stamens 2;

filaments subulate. Nectaries small, broadly

triangular. Siliculae 2 -3-2 -9 X 1-8-2 mm,

ovate or broadly ovate-elliptical, rounded at

the base, very minutely emarginate and with

the style projecting only slightly. Seeds

1 -3-1 -5 x 0-7-0 -8 mm. Fig. 12:8.

Confined to the mountains of the south-western

Cape, growing on shady ledges or in fissures in

rocks. Sometimes the styles are not exserted from the

sinus.

Cape. — Paarl : Paarl Mt., Drege; Wemmershoek,

Andreae 770. Peninsula : Devils Peak, W. Dod

480; Table Mtn., Esterhuysen 23983; Claremont,

Schlechter 3; Hills round Cape Town, Thunberg s.n.

Worcester : Onklaarberg, Stokoe 1103b.

10. Lepidium basuticum Marais in Botha-

lia 9 : 108 (1966). Type : Butha Buthe, Jacot

Guillarmod 2073 (Hb. Jacot Guillarmod ,

holo. !).

Perennial herb with a long taproot.

Stems prostrate or erect, up to 30 cm high,

densely, ± retrorsely set with flattened, ±

sickle-shaped hairs. Basal leaves in a rosette,

petiolate, up to 12 cm long, pinnate, 8-10-

jugate, the pinnae variously lobed or dentate;

both surfaces of petiole and lower surface of

the rhachis and midrib set with short flattened

hairs. Stem leaves pinnately lobed with fewer,

narrower, less lobulate lobes, upwards

smaller, the uppermost oblanceolate, 3-fid or

entire. Racemes terminal, in fruit 1-5 cm

long, dense; rhachis puberulous. Pedicels

puberulous all round, wide-spreading, in

fruit 1 • 5-3 • 5 mm long. Sepals 0 • 8-0 • 9 mm

long, oblong, membranous-margined, sub-

persistent. Petals 0. Stamens 2; filaments

subulate. Nectaries 0-4-0 -5 mm long, fili-

form. Siliculae 2-8-3 x 1 -7-1 -9 mm, ellipti-

cal, shallowly emarginate with the style

shorter than or as long as the sinus. Seeds

1-1-4 X 0-5-0-6 mm, brown. Fig. 12 : 10.

A high mountain species found between 2,800 and

3,100 metres.

Lesotho. — Butha Buthe : Pela Tseau Streams,

Jacot Guillarmod 2073; Lehaha-la-Sekhonyana,

Jacot Guillarmod 348; Maluti Mts., Dieterlen 1260.

Cape. — Barkly East : Doodmans Krans, Galpin

6574, partly.

1 1 . Lepidium africanum {Burm.f.) DC.,

Syst. 2 : 552 (1821), as to synon., excl. specim.

and descr., non auct; Marais in Bothalia 9 :

107 (1966); Henderson & Anderson, Mem.

Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 37 : 156 (1966). Type :

Burmann in Herb. Delessert (G!).

Thlaspi africanus Burm. f., Prodr. FI. Cap. 17 (1768),

Lepidium divarication sensu DC., l.c. (1821).

as to specim. Burm.f. ; sensu auct. p.p.

Biennial (or short-lived perennial?) herbs

15-75 cm tall, often pale or yellowish green,

one- or several-stemmed. Stems eventually

much-branched in the upper, flowering part,

glabrous to minutely but densely papillose-

puberulous. Basal leaves in a rosette, up to

10 cm long, oblanceolate, coarsely serrate-

dentate and with a few bigger teeth near the

apex, glabrous or puberulous, petiolate, the

petioles ciliate. Stem leaves similar to the

basal leaves but smaller; the upper ones less

serrate, often with only a few teeth near the

apex or entire, glabrous or puberulous, the

petioles ciliolate. Racemes terminal; in fruit

elongate, lax or dense; rhachis glabrous or

puberulous. Pedicels mostly puberulous on

the upper surface; in fruit 1 -5-3-5 mm long,