FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

VOLUME 16 FABACEAE

Editor 0. A. Leistner

assisted by Emsie du Plessis

Part 3 Papilionoideae

Fascicle 6 Crotalarieae (Aspalathus)

by Rolf Dahlgren

Botanical Research Institute

Department of Aqriculture and Water Supply

Republic of South Africa

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REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND WATER SUPPLY

DEPARTEMENT VAN LANDBOU EN WATER VOORSIENING

FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

VOLUME 16

PART 3, FASCICLE 6

EDITORIAL BOARD

Dr B. de Winter, Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, RSA

Prof. R. B. Nordenstam, Natural History Museum, Stockholm, Sweden

Dr R. M. Polhill, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK

Prof. J. J. A. van derWalt, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, RSA

ISBN 0 621 11263 1

ROLF MARTIN TEODOR DAHLGREN

7 July 1932 —14 February 1987

FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

which deals with the territories of

SOUTH AFRICA, CISKEI, TRANSKEI, LESOTHO, SWAZILAND, BOPHUTHATSWANA,

SOUTH WEST AFRICA/NAMIBIA, BOTSWANA AND VEND A

VOLUME 16 FABACEAE

PART 3 PAPILIONOIDEAE

FASCICLE 6 CROTALARIEAE (ASPALATHUS)

by

Rolf Dahlgren

Editor

O. A. Leistner

assisted by Emsie du Plessis

Editorial Committee: B. de Winter, D. J. B. Killick, G. E. Gibbs Russell, O. A. Leistner

and Emsie du Plessis

Botanical Research Institute,

Department of Agriculture and Water Supply

1988

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2016

https://archive.org/details/floraofsoutherna1636unse

CONTENTS

New taxa, names, combinations and statuses published in Part 3, Fascicle 6 vi

Introduction vii

Plan of Flora of southern Africa viii

Preface xi

A note to facilitate accurate determination of Aspalathus species xii

ASPALATHUS 3,6: 1

Key to keys'and some species 3,6: 4

Group 1: Sericeae 3,6: 26

Group 2: Diffusae 3,6: 60

Group 3: Cephalanthae 3,6: 61

Group 4: Crotalariiformes 3,6: 82

Group 5: Lebeckiiformes 3,6: 84

Group 6: Pedunculares 3,6: 90

Group 7: Borboniae 3,6: 102

Group 8: Filicaules 3,6: 117

Group 9: Rostratae 3,6: 121

Group 10: Rubescentes 3,6: 130

Group 11: Adnates 3,6: 137

Group 12: Leptanthae 3,6: 169

Group 13: Ternatae 3,6: 185

Group 14: Purpureae 3,6: 191

Group 15: Gigantes 3,6: 203

Group 16: Decorae 3,6: 205

Group 17: Callosae 3,6: 206

Group 18: Camosae 3,6: 208

Group 19: Sulphureae 3,6: 221

Group 20: Aciphyllae 3,6: 226

Group21: Pachycarpae 3,6: 231

Group 22: Pingues 3,6: 238

Group 23: Marginales 3,6: 283

Group 24: Niveae 3,6: 284

Group 25: Spinescentes 3,6: 286

Group 26: Vermiculatae 3,6: 289

Group 27: Aciculifoliae 3,6: 290

Group 28: Astroites 3,6: 291

Group 29: Terminales 3,6: 296

Group 30: Tereticarpae 3,6: 332

Group 31: Digitifoliae 3,6: 339

Group 32: Teretilobae 3,6: 351

Group 33: Calcicolae 3,6: 375

Group 34: Laterales 3,6: 382

Index 3,6: 423

v

NEW TAXA, NEW NAMES, NEW COMBINATIONS AND NEW

STATUSES PUBLISHED IN PART 3, FASCICLE 6*

Aspalathus cordicarpaDti/z/g., sp. nov., p. 3,6: 363

Aspalathus keeromsbergensis Dahlg., sp. nov., p. 3,6: 147

Aspalathus lebeckioidesDa/t/g., nom. nov., p. 3,6: 85

Aspalathus petersonii Dahlg., nom. nov., p. 3,6: 249

Aspalathus tulbaghensisDa/?/g., nom. et slat, nov., p. 3,6: 313

Aspalathus lotoides Thiinb. subsp. lagopus (Thunb.) Dahlg., comb, nov., p. 3,6: 27

Aspalathus shawiiL. Bol. subsp. glabripetala {Dahlg.) Dahlg., comb, nov., p. 3,6: 417

Aspalathus shawii L. Bol. subsp. longispica {Dahlg.) Dahlg., comb, nov., p. 3,6: 417

Aspalathus amoena {Dahlg.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 357

Aspalathus brevicarpa {Dahlg.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 321

Aspalathus congesta {Dahlg.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 397

Aspalathus empetrifolia {Dahlg.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 358

Aspalathus horizontalis {Dahlg.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 323

Aspalathus isoiata {Dahlg.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 179

Aspalathus katbergensis {Dahlg.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 265

Aspalathus kougaensis ( Garab . ex Dahlg.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 399

Aspalathus puberula {Eckl. & Zeyh.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 173

Aspalathus stricticlada {Dahlg.) Dahlg., stat. nov., p. 3,6: 297

* Date of publication: July, 1988

INTRODUCTION

For a key to the families and the genera not keyed out in this fascicle, the Flora should be used

in conjunction with R. A. Dyer’s Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants, Vol. 1 (1975) and

Vol. 2 (1976), which are arranged on the lines of the Engler system. The genera are numbered, as

far as possible, according to the list published by De Dalla Torre and Harms in their Genera

Siphonogamarum (1900-1907) in order to facilitate reference, though genera in the Flora are not

necessarily arranged in this sequence.

This fascicle was compiled in accordance with a Guide to Contributors to the Flora of sou-

thern Africa (Ross, Leistner & De Winter, 1977). The author had completed most of his work on

the manuscript before changes were introduced to the format of the Flora. It was therefore decided

not to bring the format of the present fascicle in line with the latest edition of the Guide for

Contributors to the Flora of southern Africa (compiled by Leistner, Ross & De Winter and avail-

able from the Librarian, Botanical Research Institute, Private Bag X101 , Pretoria, 0001).

This is the first fascicle of part 3, which is devoted to the Papilionoideae, to appear. Part 1 of

volume 16 (Fabaceae) dealing with Mimosoideae was published in 1975 and part 2 on Caesalpi-

nioideae in 1977. Part 3 is scheduled to appear in nine fascicles. The number of the part, namely

‘3’, and the number of the fascicle, ‘6’, precede the page number on all pages marked with Arabic

numerals. This was done with a view to compiling a combined index to the entire volume. In parts

1 and 2 of volume 16 the part number was not incorporated in the page number. This could be

accommodated in the combined index by preceding the page numbers of part 1 with a ‘1’ (Mimo-

soideae) and of part 2 with a ‘2’ (Caesalpinioideae).

It was also decided to publish the distribution maps as they have been prepared by the author.

The grid superimposed on most of these maps does not represent latitudes and longitudes but

consists of 50 km squares. More than one type of base map was used, with different shading

indicating different ranges of altitudes. In Maps 54 and 55 the altitude is indicated as follows:

unshaded area — below 610 m (2 000 ft), sparsely dotted area — 610-1 220 m (2 000-4 000 ft)

and densely dotted area — above 1 220 m (4 000 ft). In Maps 74, 77, 78 and 114 the following

applies: unshaded area — below 500 m, sparsely dotted area — 500- 1 000 m, densely dotted area —

1 000—1 500 m, diagonally striped area — 1 500-2 000 m and vertically striped area — above

2 000 m. In all other maps the shading represents the following altitudes: unshaded area — below

305 m (1 000 ft), sparsely dotted area — 305- 1 220 m (1 000 -4 000 ft) and striped area — above

1 220 m (4 000 ft).

vii

PLAN OF FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

Cryptogam volumes will in future not be numbered but will be known by the name of the group they cover. The

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X

PREFACE

This presentation of Aspalathus largely follows my work ‘Revision of the genus Aspalathus’

in Opera Botanica (Lund) 4 (1960), 6 (2) (1961), 8 (1) (1963), 10(1) (1965), 11(1) (1966), 20

(1968) and 22 (1968) and in Botaniska Notiser 121: 165-208 (1968). A survey of the genus was

given in Opera Botanica (Lund) 9 (1) (1963), a key has been provided in Botaniska Notiser 122:

512-548 (1969), and chromosome numbers were published in Botaniska Notiser 124: 383-398

(1971). The genus was also treated in various other, minor papers.

This monographic work was based on two periods of field work lasting for about 15 months,

in 1956-57 and 1965—66 and on dried material in many herbaria. For company and assistance in

the field I wish to thank especially Dr Bo Peterson, Prof. Arne Strid and Miss Elsie Esterhuysen.

The revisional work was carried out at the Botanical Museum of the Department of Botany at the

University of Lund, Sweden.

The taxonomy has been slightly changed as a consequence of experience gained after the

publication of the Revision, and the general sequence has been changed. In several cases a more

practical-pragmatic species concept has been applied. With the whole of the revision in hand it has

now been possible to supply an improved grouping of the species and present a different sequence,

which is more practical and possibly reflects phylogenetic relationships more adequately. Aspala-

thus here consists of 278 species and is the largest of all genera endemic to the Cape Province and

Natal of South Africa. One species, and dubiously so, is recorded from Lesotho, but none yet from

the Orange Free State or Transvaal.

The following changes have been made in relation to the ‘Revision of the genus Aspalathus’

(see above):

Raised from subspecies to species rank, in the sequence of species used here, are A. hetero-

phylla (earlier in A. lot aides), A. lin(e)arifolia (earlier in A. rugosa), A. aemula (earlier in A.

sericea), A. lebeckioides (earlier as A. linearis subsp. latipetala), A. willdenowiana (earlier in A.

uniflora), A. neglecta and A. cliff ortioides (both earlier in A. spicata), A. puberula (earlier in A.

ericifolia), A. isolata (earlier in A. varians), A. petersonii (earlier as A. leucophylla subsp. septen-

trionalis), A. subtingens (earlier in A. lactea), A. katbergensis (earlier in A. simii), A. stricticlada

(earlier in A. cuspidata ), A. tulbaghensis (earlier as A. acuminata subsp. magniflora ), A. lepto-

coma, A. brevicarpa and A. horizontalis (these three earlier in A. divaricata), A. amoena and A.

empetrifolia (earlier in A. retroflexa), A. congesta and A. kougaensis (earlier in A. chortophila)

and A. shawii (with three subspecies; earlier in A. joubertiana). Most of these units are more

practicable to keep on the species level than on subspecies level, and — as the majority of them

were originally described as species — nomenclatural recombinations for them are not necessary.

New species that have not appeared in any rank in the actual series ‘Revision of the genus

Aspalathus’, but have been described in separate articles outside this series are the following: A.

singuliflora, A. taylorii, A. rycroftii, A. barbigera , A. vacciniifolia and A. oliveri.

Species upheld in the same series, but here considered to be synonymous to other species or to

be hybrids, are: A. pumila (included in A. esterhuyseniae), A. leiantha (included in A. crenata),

and A. lotiflora (hybrid?). There are also a few subspecies which I have not upheld because I

considered them to be local aberrations.

The genus Aspalathus consists of quite a number of groups of more or less obviously closely

similar species, where so many details are shared that a close phylogenetic relationship appears

likely. Many of these were recognized as informal ‘groups’ in the Revision, but were established

only to give recognition to this similarity. This is just as well, because in the present treatment, it

turned out to be more practical to use fewer units. Grouping supposedly related species with

various shared features under a common name has the advantage that group descriptions can be

used to relieve the descriptions of their species from the shared features and thus avoid repetition.

xi

Nearly all taxa — a few subspecies excepted — have been illustrated here. All drawings but one

(A. oliveri , by B. Johnson) are my own and for the most part have been taken from the Revision.

A note to facilitate accurate determination of Aspalathus species

The determination of Aspalathus species is greatly facilitated by a rough examination of a

specimen and by measuring certain parts in advance. Most useful is knowledge of the following

features: total size; pubescence of branchlets; for leaves, whether trifoliolate or unifoliolate; for

leaflets, shape, length, pubescence; for flowers, whether in a terminal inflorescence or solitary (or

few) on lateral short-shoots; for bracts, whether trifoliolate, lobed or simple, whether accreted or

not to the pedicel and their size; for pedicel, length and pubescence; for bracteoles, size and shape;

for calyx tube, pubescence; for calyx lobe, length, shape, pubescence; for petals, colour; for stand-

ard, shape, size and colour, whether pubescent on back and, perhaps, on margins of front, pres-

ence of apical cusp, presence of callosities at base of front; for wing and keel claws, whether they

are free from or attached to base of staminal sheath and length; for wing and keel blades, shape,

size and pubescence; for wing blades, number of rows of minute folds, number of folds in each

row; for keel blades, presence of lateral spurs on sides; for ovary, pubescence and number of

ovules; and for fruit, size, shape and pubescence. With these data available, only little extra

information will be needed for accurate determination of the specimen.

xn

Crotalarieae

ASPALATHUS

by Rolf Dahlgren*

3662

3,6: 1

Aspalathus L. [emend. Dahlg., Bot. Notiser 116: 185 (1963)]; L., Syst. Nat. edn 2: 27 (1740);

Sp. PI. edn 1: 71 1 (1753); Gen. PI., edn 4: 318 (1754); Berg., Descr. PI. Cap. 200(1767); Lam.,

Encycl. 1: 286 (1783); Thunb. (Hedenberg, Hansen), Diss. Bot., Aspalathus (1802); DC., Prodr.

2: 137 (1825); Endl., Gen. PI. 1263 (1840); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 583 (1848); Harv.

in FI. Cap. 2: 94 (1862); Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 478 (1865); Harv., Gen. PI. edn 2, 76

(1868); Taubert, Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 219(1 894); Phill. , Gen. edn 1, 321 (1926); Salter in Adamson

& Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 472 (1950); Phill., Gen. edn 2, 407 (1951); Dahlgren, Op. bot. Soc.

bot. Lund 4 (1960); 6(1) (1961); 6 (2) (1961); 8(1) (1963); 9(3) (1963); 10(1) (1965); 1 1(1) (1966);

21 (1968); 22(1968); Bot. Notiser 114: 313 ff. (1961); 115: 465 ff. (1962); 116: 185 ff. (1963);

116: 431 ff. (1963); 117: 188 ff. (1964); 120: 26 ff. (1967); 120: 149 ff. (1967); 121: 165 ff.

(1968); 121: 505 ff. (1968); 122: 512 ff. (1969); 124: 383 ff. (1971); Hutchinson, Gen. FI. PI. 1:

345 (1964); Dyer, Gen. 1: 251 (1975); Polhill, Bot. Syst. 1: 322 (1976). Type species: A. cheno-

poda L.

Achyronia L. ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 156(1891). Used by Linnaeus, in Gen. PI., edn 2-4, but not in Sp. PI. No type

species selected.

Borbonia L., Hort. Cliff., 494 (1738); Gen. PI., edn 2, 345 (1942); Sp. PL, edn 1, 707 (1753); Lam., Encycl. 1: 435

(1783); Thunb., Prodr. 2: 122 (1800); Thunb. (Haartman), Diss. bot., Borbonia (181 1); DC., Prodr. 2: 137 (1825); Endl.,

Gen. PL, 1261 (1840); Benth., Hooker, J. Bot. 2: 460 (1843); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 27 (1862); Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PL

475 (1865); Harv., Gen. PL 72 (1868); Taubert, Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 219 (1894); Phillips, Gen., ed. 1, 319 (1926); Salter in

Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 462 (1950); Phillips, Gen., edn 2, 403 (1951); Dahlgren, Bot. Notiser 1 16: 185 (1963)

as incorporated in Aspalathus-, Dahlgren, Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 22 (ditto). Type species: B. cordata L.

Bootia Adans., Fam. PL 2: 341 (1763). Type species not selected.

Scaligera Adans., Fam. PL 2: 323 (1763). Type species not selected.

Eriocylax Neck., Elem. Bot. 3: 24(1790). Type species not selected.

Sarcophyllus Thunb. (Brantstrom), Nov. Gen. PL 135 (1800). Type species: S. carnosus Thunb. [= Aspalathus capensis

(Walp.) Dahlg.].

Diallosperma Raf., FI. Tellur. 69 (1838). Type species: D. spinosa (L.) Raf. ( =Aspalathus spinosa L.).

Fakeloba Raf., FI. Tellur, pro parte excl. typ. Type species: F . cretica (L.) Raf. ( =Anthyllis hermanniae L.).

Sarcocalyx Walp. , Linnaea 13: 479 (1839). Type species: S. capensis Walp. [= Aspalathus capensis (Walp.) Dahlg.]

Pachyraphea Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 556 (1845). Corresponds to forms of the present Aspalathus triquetra Thunb.; thus this

partly corresponds to Aspalathus subgen. Triplobractea Dahlg.

Cyphocalyx Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 557 (1845). Said to correspond to Aspalathus arida E. Mey.

Plagiostigma Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 557 (1845). This was intended for Aspalathus ‘ pinea ’ sensu Benth. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 7 (1848), non Thunb., which corresponds to A. macrantha Harv.

Slreptosema Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 558 (1845). Said to be used for Aspalathus ‘ verrucosa ' and A. hystrix ’, both names

incorrectly used for A. willdenowiana Benth.

Psilolepus Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 558 (1845). Corresponds largely to the Aspalathus bracteata and A. lanata groups in

Dahlgren, Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4 (1960). No type species selected.

Paraspalathus Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 559 (1845). Corresponds to a great part of the genus, with sessile biovulate ovaries

and one-seeded pods not longer than the calyx. No type species selected.

Trineuria Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 561 (1845). Corresponds to a mixture of different species including Aspalathus ciliaris

and A. chenopoda (type of Aspalathus ). No type species selected.

Heterolathus Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 561 (1845). Corresponds largely to the Aspalathus polycephala and A. fasciculata

groups in Dahlgren, Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4 ( 1960). No type species selected.

Except for Borbonia none of the above generic names have been extensively used, and selecting type species for them

would only be of academic interest.

* Late of The Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

3,6:2

Crotalarieae

Shrubs or shrublets, rarely small trees, prostrate, ascending or erect, rarely up to 3 m tall or

more. Branches often thorny; lateral branchlets frequently developed as short-shoots, appearing as

dense fascicles of leaflets. Branchlets glabrous, variously pubescent. Leaves below inflorescence

regions without petiole and stipules (small stipular teeth present in subgenus Nortieria), trifoliolate

or more rarely unifoliolate, the leaflet(s) situated on an inconspicuous or tubercle-like leaf base

prolonged in some species into a unique, single or trimerous spur or spine. Leaflets varying from

flat to canaliculate or terete, obtuse to mucronate or spine-tipped, with entire margin (very rarely

laterally toothed), glabrous or variously pubescent, from weak to stiff. Inflorescence principally

racemose, often unifloral, often comprising a spike, umbel or head on the branch ends, peduncu-

late or not, or when developed on lateral branchlets often unifloral, whole inflorescence system

then often with spike-like appearance. Flowers variable in size, bracteate and bracteolate, with a

generally short pedicel. Floral bracts usually simple (unifoliolate), small or more rarely similar to

leaflets of foliar leaves, in some groups trifoliolate and similar to foliar leaves, leaflets then

sometimes partly fused. (Bracts occasionally petiolate.) Bracteoles generally simple, rarely trifo-

liolate. Calyx generally regular, campanulate, with upper lobes ± broader than lower, not bila-

biate; lowest lobe in some species enlarged and boat-shaped. Petals papilionaceous, generally

yellow but often with purplish shades, especially on back of standard, more rarely white, or purple;

flowers in some species turning black when dried. Standard usually ovate or circular, rarely with

callous lunate structures at the base, usually ± pubescent on back, with short or long claw. Wings

clawed, generally elongate, often partly pubescent, in most species with one to several rows of

minute pockets on the basal upper parts; claws in some species basally attached to staminal sheath.

Keel clawed, lunate or rostrate, obtuse or acute, generally with a lateral pocket (spur) on each side,

these pockets rarely firmly attached to part of the wings; claws in some species adnate to the

staminal sheath. Stamens united for basal two-thirds or four-fifths into a sheath with upper slit on

either side of the upper median filament; 5 anthers short and dorsifixed, 4 long and basifixed and

one (the lower median) intermediate. Pistil short-stipitate; ovary glabrous or pubescent, usually

with 2-6 rarely up to c. 20 ovules; style ± upcurved; stigma capitate, rarely elongate and directed

forward. Pod (legume) at least usually dehiscent, broadly ovate to lanceolate or rarely linear, with

1 — c.8 seeds. Seeds reniform to obliquely ovate, without caruncle.

The largest genus of flowering plants endemic to South Africa, with ± 278 species, most of them concentrated in the

winter rainfall region of the Cape Province, extending into Natal (with, for example, A. setacea Eckl. & Zeyh.,

A. chortophila Eckl. & Zeyh., A. gerrardii H. Bol., A. simii H. Bol., A. spinosa L.). A great many species are very

restricted in their distribution, about 50 being local endemics in a wide sense (Dahlgren, Bot. Notiser 116: 468, 1963).

Distributional patterns in relation to Weimarck, Phytogeogr. Groups (1941)and in relation to soil conditions are given by

Dahlgren in Bot. Notiser 1 16: 431-472 (1963) and Bot. Notiser 121: 505-534 (1968), respectively. In the winter rainfall

region there is fairly good concordance between the distribution of Aspalathus and a rainfall more than 254 mm (= 10

inches) (Dahlgren, Bot. Notiser 116: 434, 1963).

Species often show a marked preference for a specific type of soil. Most of them are restricted to Table Mountain

Sandstone substrates, but others to marine sand, to limestone outcrops, to clayey soils weathered from shales, to the lime-

rich and clayey soils of the Malmesbury beds, etc. Most species grow in sclerophyll scrub, in vegetation types referable to

Cape fynbos and to transitional forms between this vegetation and renosterveld and strand veld.

The name Aspalathus is derived from the Greek ' A.onct\a6o<;. Plants so named appear in the Bible, and are also

mentioned by Theognis, Theophrastos and Theocritos (all before Christ); in Theophrastos it may have referred to Alhagi

Toum. ex Adans. and in other works it may have referred to Calicotome Link. Later (by Plato, Pliny, Clusius and Bauhin)

the word has obviously been used for species of Genista L. and Cytisus L.

Aspalathus, contrary to what may be expected, has nearly always been treated as feminine. Possible motives for that,

apart from tradition, could be that the Greek word from which it was derived was feminine, but also that its species

occasionally attain the size of a tree (arbor), and are therefore to be treated as feminine. Attempts to change Aspalathus to

masculine were made by Gilmour, Green & Spraque (Kew Bull. 1935: 77; 1935) before the following Botanical Congress,

but nothing emerged out of this, so the attempt was obviously unsuccessful.

Aspalathus has at times been subdivided into sections and subgenera. The following subgenera were introduced in

Dahlgren, Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1): 48-50 (1963). The interrelationships of the subgenera are not clear. The subgenera

are not used in this account as they are of little practical use. Some of them correspond to the informal groups used here:

Crotalarieae

3,6:3

Subgenus Ecklonella = group Diffusae

Subgenus Nortieria = group Lebeckiiformes

Subgenus Purpureipelala = group Purpureae

Subgenus Triplobractea = group Tematae

Subgenus Rafnioides is best included in subgenus Nortieria, and its species A. nudiflora is here treated in the group

Lebeckiiformes.

Key to the subgenera:

la Bracteoles (and bracts) trifoliolate subgen. Triplobractea

lb Bracteoles (i.e. the two transverse phyllaries on the pedicel) unifoliolate (simple):

2a Petals white or ± purple or violet (not yellow); bracts trifoliolate, trilobate or simple, if trilobate or simple then

corresponding to united leaflets subgen. Purpureipetala

2b Petals usually ± yellow; bracts trifoliolate or simple; if petals not yellow, then bracts always simple (often very

small):

3a Leaves trifoliolate:

4a Flowers several together in inflorescences or solitary, but not as below, often solitary on leafy short-shoots;

leaves flat or erete but rarely as below subgen. Aspalathus

4b Flowers solitary (and subsessile, minute), situated on the stems between trifoliolate leaves; these with flat

leaflets tomentose on upper side and with involute margins subgen. Ecklonella

3b Leaves simple (unifoliolate):

5a Leaves subterete or slightly flattened, linear-piniform, without distinct veins subgen. Nortieria

5b Leaves distinctly flat, with or without distinct veins:

6a Stigma regular, capitate; wing petals not twisted subgen. Aspalathus

6b Stigma elongate, directed forward, wing petals twisted subgen. Nortieria

3,6:4

Crotalarieae

Key to keys and some species

la Leaves simple

KEY 1 (p. 3,6: 6)

lb Leaves trifoliolate:

2a Bracteoles (flower prophylls) and bracts trifoliolate KEY 2 (p. 3,6: 7)

2b Bracteoles simple (bracts trifoliolate, trilobate or simple):

3a Petals white, violet or purple (not at all yellow); bracts trifoliolate, trilobate or simple

(often all shapes in the same inflorescence), when simple apparently of 3 fused leaf-

lets (flowers in terminal spikes or heads) KEY 3 (p. 3,6: 7)

3b Petals partly or entirely yellow, but often with red or purple pattern (rarely of entirely

different colour, and if so, flowers solitary on lateral short- shoots); bracts trifoliolate

or unifoliate:

4a Bracts trifoliolate at least on the lower (peripheral) flowers of the inflorescence

KEY 4 (p. 3,6:7)

4b Bracts simple or rarely absent:

5a Leaflets distinctly flat, of variable size:

6a Flowers solitary or few, in racemes on leaf-opposed peduncle (these are in

reality terminal) KEY 5 (p. 3,6: 8)

6b Flowers not on leaf-opposed peduncles:

7a Calyx tube glabrous on most parts of the outer side (except sometimes on

the base) KEY 6 (p. 3,6: 8)

7b Calyx tube pubescent on most of the outer side:

8a Flowers very small, solitary, directly on stems below leafy branch ends;

leaflets with involute margins, woolly-hairy on upper side (small,

partly herbaceous) 28. A. diffusa

8b Flowers, if small, not distributed as above; leaflets not with involute

margins, not with woolly upper side:

9a Flowers in spikes, heads, racemes, or umbels, usually 3 or more per

inflorescence, on branch ends:

10a Inflorescence compact, head-like, or umbel-like, not ovate or

elongate KEY 7 (p. 3,6: 9)

10b Inflorescence more or less elongate: a spike or raceme

KEY 8 (p. 3,6: 11)

9b Flowers solitary or binary, sometimes pedunculate, at tips of branches

or branchlets or (more often) on lateral short-shoots:

1 la Flowers solitary or binary on the tips of well developed branchlets

orbranches KEY 9 (p. 3,6: 1 1)

lib Flowers solitary or binary on lateral short-shoots (i.e. distributed

laterally on branches):

1 2a Branches with numerous lateral branch thorns 1 65 . A. spinosa

12b Branches thorny or not, but thorns not numerous and lateral

KEY 10 (p. 3,6: 12)

Crotalarieae

3,6:5

5b Leaflets subterete or angular (sometimes sulcate or even somewhat flattened):

13a Flowers solitary or binary on lateral short-shoots, i.e. situated in the centre of

lateral leaf clusters, often scattered along branches or branch ends in consid-

erable number:

14a Petals all glabrous (the base of the standard or margins of the basal parts

of petals sometimes excepted) KEY 11 (p. 3,6: 12)

14b Petals (at least the apex and/or midrib of the back of the standard) with

some pubescence:

15a Keel more or less pubescent KEY 12 (p. 3,6: 14)

15b Keel glabrous:

16a Leaflets even when fully developed (i.e. not only when juvenile) cov-

ered with grey-sericeous pubescence KEY 13 (p. 3,6: 15)

16b Leaflets when mature, green, either glabrous or with spreading,

mostly sparse pubescence or puberulous:

17a Leaflets sharply spine-tipped KEY 14 (p. 3,6: 16)

17b Leaflets not spine-tipped, varying from obtuse to acuminate or

mucronulate:

18a Branches with regularly distributed, relatively short, often

slightly recurved lateral thorns 1 65 . A. spinosa

18b Branches without such thorns (but sometimes thorny in other

ways):

19a Leaf bases produced into a short woody spur or spine (keel ±

beak-like) KEY 15 (p. 3,6: 17)

19b Leaf bases without spur or spine:

20a Ovary with 16-20 ovules; fruits long, linear . 71. A. filicaulis

20b Ovary with less than 6 ovules; fruits ovate or lanceolate ....

KEY 16 (p. 3,6: 17)

13b Flowers solitary or 2— several on the tips of branchlets with 1 or more

distinct (sometimes peduncular) intemodes:

21a Petals entirely glabrous (except for some pubescence on the base of the

standard blade and, rarely, some ciliation on petal margins)

KEY 17 (p. 3,6: 19)

21b Petals at least with some pubescence (apart from standard base), normally

at least on distal parts of the standard back or on its midrib:

22a Keel glabrous KEY 18 (p. 3 ,6: 2 1 )

22b Keel at least with some pubescence:

23a Branches ending in sharp thorns KEY 19 (p. 3,6: 24)

23b Branches not ending in sharp thorns (but sometimes straight and

rigid):

24a Leaflets not ending in a prickle or spikelet KEY 20 (p. 3,6: 24)

24b Leaflets ending in a prickle or spikelet:

25a Pedicels glabrous (calyx glabrous; fruit smooth). . . 219. A. rigidifolia

25b Pedicels pubescent KEY 21 (p. 3,6: 24)

3,6:6

Crotalarieae

KEY 1

la Leaves distinctly flat:

2a Stigma elongate, forwardly directed 49. A. nudiflora

2b Stigma subcapitate, not directed forward or only slightly so:

3a Leaves silvery sericeous; keel blades sericeous:

4a Flowers solitary on lateral short-shoots, thus dispersed along large portions of the branches. . 22. A. caledonensis

4b Flowers several to numerous in apical spike:

5a Calyx lobes deltoid-triangular, 0,5 — 1,5 mm long 19. A. altissima

5b Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, ± 2,5 mm long or more:

6a Petals sericeous; keel blades 7—8 mm and wing blades 9— 10 mm long 17. A. sericea

6b Petals woolly or tomentose; keel blades 6-7 mm and wing blades ± 7 mm long 18. A. aemula

3b Leaves glabrous or pubescent, only rarely sericeous and keel then glabrous:

7a Leaves strictly perfoliate (amplexicaul) surrounding the stem completely 63. A. perforata

7b Leaves not entirely clasping the stem:

8a Leaves closely pubescent on lower side 57. A. lanifera

8b Leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent on lower side:

9a Stems (branches) closely pubescent on youngest (upper) parts:

10a Pistil with more than 12 ovules; fruits more than 30 mm long 66. A. angustifolia

10b Pistil with 2-4 ovules; fruits less than 20 mm long:

1 1 a Leaf margins glabrous; leaves broadly lanceolate or ovate 67 . A . cordata

1 lb Leaf margins ciliate at least basally, leaves lanceolate 68. A. barbata

9b Stems (branches) glabrous or sparsely pubescent on youngest parts:

12a Pistil with 2 ovules; fruits ovate; keel blades ± 3 mm long 60. A. monosperma

12b Pistil with 4 or more ovules; fruits lanceolate to linear or oblong; keel blades 4 mm long or more:

13a Keel blades ± pubescent:

14a Shrublets thin and gracile; wing blades ±7,5 mm long or less 65. A. lanceifolia

14b Shrublets not gracile; wing blades 8,5 mm long or more 66. A. angustifolia

13b Keel blades glabrous:

15a Branchlets terete or obtusely angular or striated, not angular or alate:

16a Leaf margins with rigid tubercles or teeth; leaves ovate or elliptic:

17a Inflorescence of several or numerous smaller flowers; keel blades ± 4,5 mm long or

less 64. A. complicata

17b Inflorescence with 1 - numerous relatively large flowers; keel blades 6 mm long or more:

18a Branches usually low, decumbent; flowers 1-4; leaves not very hard, margins ±

undulate with sparse minute tubercles 61 . A. commutata

18b Branches erect or suberect; flowers usually 7—25; leaves rather hard, with permanent

marginal teeth 62. A. perfoliata

16b Leaf margins smooth; leaves linear or lanceolate (flowers normally on leaf-opposed pedun-

cles):

19a Calyx, bracts, bracteoles and upper parts of stem with sparse, long, spreading hairs;

standard 8 ,5 mm broad or more 58. A. compacta

19b Calyx, bracts, bracteoles and stems glabrous; standard less than 8,5 mm broad

59. A. alpestris

15b Branchlets sharply angular or alate:

20a Bracts and bracteoles less than 1 mm long; leaves elliptic-circular, with or without apical

mucro 70. A. elliptica

20b Bracts and bracteoles more than 2 mm long; leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, tapering into a

mucro or spine 69. A. crenata

Crotalarieae

3,6:7

lb Leaves terete or only slightly flattened:

21a Stigma elongate, forwardly directed 49. A. nudiflora

21b Stigma subcapitate, not directed forward or only slightly so:

22aTree-like plant with pendulous branches; keel blades 6,5-7 mm long 52. A. pendula

22b Low or up to ± 2 mm tall shrub, branches usually not pendulous; keel blades ± 6 mm long or less:

23a Keel blade glabrous 50. A . lebeckioides

23b Keel blade puberulous at least on lower parts 5 1 . A . linearis

KEY 2

la Flowers very large: keel blades more than 15 mm long (petals cream-white to yellow) 1 16. A. grandiflora

lb Flowers not quite as large: keel blades 13 mm long or less (petals yellow, often purplish on standard):

2a Upper calyx lobes narrowly triangular (although broader than lower), with tapering, subulate apex; calyx

sparingly long-sericeous or (at least calyx lobes) glabrous 1 13. A. galeata

2b Upper calyx lobes broadly triangular; calyx lanate to densely sericeous:

3a Longest leaflets 6-12 mm long; standard usually more than 13,5 mm broad; fruit more than 11 mm long;

shrubs 1 m high or more 1 15. A. densifolia

3b Longest leaflets usually less than 5 mm long; standard less than 13,5 mm broad; fruit less than 1 1 mm long;

shrubs usually lower than 1 m 1 14. A. triquetra

KEY 3

la Keel glabrous; upper two calyx lobes separated from each other by a deep slit (petals cream-

white 1 25 . A . forbesii

lb Keel more or less hairy; upper lobes not separated by a deep slit (petals white or more or less violet):

2a Inflorescence with a great number of ovate, imbricate bracts, the lowest bracts of the head without axillary

flowers 1 1 9 . A . globulosa

2b Inflorescence base not with numerous such bracts:

3a Wing blades more than 10 mm long, apically glabrous, keel rather beaked 123. A. rosea

3b Wing blades less than 10 mm long, generally hairy also on apical parts; keel lunulate, obtuse:

4a Calyx lobes, bracts and bracteoles filiform and slender:

5a Wing blades less than 5 mm long and less than 2 mm broad; calyx lobes very slender; leaflets usually

incurved; inflorescence globose 124. A. cerrhantha

5b Wing blades more than 5 mm long and more than 2 mm broad; calyx lobes not so slender, but linear-

subfiliform; leaflets usually more or less straight; inflorescence elongate or globose 120. A. cephalotes

4b Calyx lobes shortly linear, triangular, ovate or rounded; bracts and bracteoles not filiform:

6a Petals densely woolly villous; shrubs to 1 m high or more:

7a Inflorescence globose, subtended by numerous imbricate, trifoliolate or trilobate bracts; calyx

lobes less than 2,5 mm long 122. A. globosa

7b Inflorescence elongate, spicate; bracts not imbricate; calyx lobes 5-6 mm long (habit resembling

A. cephalotes ) 121. A. barbigera

6b Petals sericeous or partly tomentose, shrubs less than im high:

8a Bracts more than 5 mm long; calyx lobes more than 3 mm long 120. A. cephalotes

8b Bracts less than 3,5 mm long; calyx lobes generally less than 3 mm long:

9a Bracts in upper (central) part of inflorescence simple, lower trifoliolate or trilobate; wing blades

2 mm broad or more, calyx lobes obtuse to subacute 1 18. A. nigra

9b Bracts usually all trifoliolate; wing blades usually more than 2 mm broad; calyx lobes acute to

acuminate 1 17. A. submissa

KEY 4

la Long-shoot leaves basally with a very sharp, woody spine (2— )3— 7 mm long 103. A. aculeata

lb Long-shoot leaves (and short-shoot leaves as well) without leaf base spine:

2a Bracts of peripheral flowers in the inflorescence with a stalk or prolonged leaf base 1-4 mm

long 102. A. chenopoda

3,6:8

Crotalarieae

2b Bracts not stalked:

3a Leaflets or foliar leaves mostly less than 4 mm long, obtuse (plant similar to a dwarf

A. ciliaris) 97. A. millefolia

3b Leaflets of foliar leaves (4 — )5 mm long or more:

4a Calyx lobes narrowly linear or acicular, usually 0,5 mm broad or less for most of the length:

5a Keel blades with some pubescence on lower parts, less than 6,5 mm long (calyx lobes usually partly

purplish) 99. A. pigmentosa

5b Keel blades glabrous, more than 6,5 mm long:

6a Keel blades more than 9,5 mm long; leaves often rigid and prickly; petals turning ferruginous or

reddish 98. A. rubiginosa

6b Keel blades more than 9,5 mm long; leaves not rigid:

7a Flowers in close heads; petals remaining yellow 100. A. araneosa

7b Flowers solitary or in pairs; petals turning ferruginous 94. A. cliff ortioides

4b Calyx lobes from linear to subglobose, at least upper lobes more than 0,5 mm broad at the middle:

8a Keel at least partly sericeous 96. A. ciliaris

8b Keel glabrous:

9a Wing blades more than 7 mm long; standard cusp less than 1 mm long 96. A. ciliaris

9b Wing blades ± 7 mm long or less; standard cusp ± 1 mm long or more 94. A. cliffortioides

KEY 5

la Keel blades sericeous:

2a Calyx lobes ± 3 mm long; bracteoles 4-5 mm long; some leaves partly glabrescent and becoming light

green 11. A. comptonii

2b Calyx lobes 1,5— 2,5 mm long; bracteoles 1,5—3 mm long; leaves closely silvery sericeous 10. A. bodkinii

lb Keel blades glabrous:

3a Leaflets (the largest) less than 10 mm long:

4a Keel blades connate to the tip, without subapical lobe (subalpine forms of) 53. A . bracteata

4b Keel blades connate to a little lobe slightly below the apex (alpine plant) 54. A. patens

3b Leaflets more than 10 mm long:

5a Leaflets less than 1 ,5 mm broad 53. A. bracteata

5b Leaflets usually more than 1 ,5 mm broad:

6a Wing blades ± 4,5 mm broad; calyx lobes 7-9 mm long; leaflets tapering to acuminate 56. A. latifolia

6b Wing blades 2,5-3 mm broad; calyx lobes usually less than 6 mm long; leaflets linear, lanceolate or

falcate, not tapering 55. A. lanata

KEY 6

la Flowers several together in terminal heads or head-like spikes:

2a Standard back and keel partly (apically) puberulous 31. A. myrtillifolia

2b Standard back (except the base) and keel glabrous:

3a Wing blades with one (—two) row(s) of minute folds on upper basal parts:

4a Branches glabrous (except at the nodes), sulcate 128 .A. callosa

4b Branches hairy, not sulcate 129 .A.tylodes

3b Wing blades with several rows of minute folds:

5a Largest bracts not more than 8,5 x 2,5 mm 131. A.fusca

5b Largest bracts more than 1 1 mm long and 6 mm broad 133. A. vacciniifolia

lb Flowers solitary on branchlet tips or solitary or up to 3 together among hairs on axillary short-shoots:

6a Leaflets ending in spinelets or mucros 189. A . abietina

6b Leaflets without spinelets:

7a Standard back partly pubescent; leaves glaucous 141 . A. sulphurea

7b Standard back glabrous; leaves normal green 173. A. mundiana

Crotalarieae

3,6:9

KEY 7

la Leaflets 30-60 mm long, narrowly linear; flowers large; petals almost glabrous; standard blade

±20 mm long 126. A. stokoei

lb Leaflets considerably shorter; flowers not as above:

2a Lowest calyx lobe distinctly longer than others, and generally widened near or above the middle:

3a Keel glabrous:

4a Largest bracts 7x3 mm or less 43. A. rupestris

4b Largest bracts exceeding 8x4 mm:

5a Shrubs stiff, erect; also uppermost leaves with axillary short-shoots 45. A. fasciculata

5b Shrublets weaker, somewhat decumbent; upper leaves not with axillary short-shoots 44. A. suaveolens

3b Keel more or less pubescent:

6a Leaflets glabrous, shiny; ovary with 4-5 ovules 47. A. venosa

6b Leaflets pubescent; ovary with 2 ovules 46 . A. polycephala

2b Lowest calyx lobe of about the same size and shape as the others (often slightly longer):

7a Calyx lobes ending as spinelets:

8a Bracts 3-4 mm long; flowers 6-8 mm long 41 . A. corniculata

8b Bracts more than 10 mm long; flowers 10- 14 mm long (including calyx lobes):

9a Standard more than 8 mm broad; ovary and fruit completely pubescent 39. A. acidota

9b Standard less than 7 mm broad; ovary and fruit pubescent only along dorsal suture 40. A. borboniifolia

7b Calyx lobes not ending as spinelets:

10a Wing and keel claws adnate at the base to the staminal sheath (leaflets less than 1 mm broad,

but the larger ones 10-20 mm long) 95. A. confusa

10b Wing and keel claws free from staminal sheath:

11a Leaves green, either glabrous or with sparse (-dense) spreading pubescence; leaves often

coriaceous or camose:

12a Bracts (of peripheral flowers) large, obdeltoid-rhombic, up to more than 6 mm broad, the lowest

as broad as long (or broader), hairy on the base, otherwise glabrous 134. A. truncata

12b Bracts either all considerably longer than broad or, when suborbicular, much less than 6 mm long:

13a Leaves of long-shoots with a single or temate woody spur or spine 8 . A . tridentata

1 3b Leaf bases without spur or spine:

14a Ovary with 2 ovules:

15a Calyx lobes broadly triangular, about 1 mm long or less, lowest bract almost as broad

as long 33. A. psoraleoides

15b Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, bracts much longer than broad:

16a Pedicels considerably longer than the calyx tube (gracile shrublet) 38. A. taylorii

16b Pedicels much shorter than calyx tube:

17a Wings glabrous 42. A. esterhuyseniae

17b Wings ± pubescent, at least on the lower parts:

18a Bracts lanceolate to ovate 4. A. quinquefolia

18b Bracts linear or subulate or very small and triangular:

19a Leaflets broadly lanceolate, ovate or rhombic, broadest near the middle,

ending as a spinelet 34 .A.marginata

19b Leaflets linear or (ob)lanceolate, obtuse, acute or mucronulate:

20a Flowers small: standard and wing blades ± 6,5 and 5 mm long or less, respec-

tively 31. A. inops

20b Flowers somewhat larger: standard and wing blades more than 7 and 5,5 mm

long, respectively:

21a Wing blades more than 8 mm long; leaflets of upper leaves usually 3 mm

broad or more 35. A. aspalathoides

3,6: 10

Crotalarieae

21b Wing blades usually 7,5 mm long or less; leaflets of upper leaves usually

±2,5 mm broad or less 36. A. stenophylla

14b Ovary with (3)4— 8 ovules:

22a Leaflets circular or broadly rhombic-ovate 32. A. orbiculata

22b Leaflets linear-oblanceolate or sometimes obovate:

23a Bracts (and bracteoles) subfiliform, subulate, or narrowly linear:

24a Leaves camose, glabrous or glabrescent; pedicels slender, usually ± 4 mm long or

more 30. A. securifolia

24b Leaflets less camose, often puberulous when young; pedicels 2—3 mm

long 29. A. cytisoides

23b Bracts (and bracteoles) lanceolate, oblanceolate or obovate:

25a Ovary with 6 ovules 8. A. tridentata

25b Ovary with 3-4(5) ovules:

26a Leaves coriaceous-camose; bracts oblong-spathulate 30. A. securifolia

26b Leaves not camose (but sometimes slightly coriaceous); bracts lanceolate:

27a Calyx lobes 5,5-10 mm long; standard 9,5-13,5 mm broad 13. A. linearifolia

27b Calyx lobes 1,5-5 mm long; standard 6, 5-9, 5 mm broad 14 .A.rugosa

1 lb Leaves with grey or silvery, sericeous (rarely spreading) pubescence; leaves weak, flexible:

28a Leaflets grey-tomentose:

29a Procumbent; calyx white-villous with oblong lobes 15. A. incam

29b Erect or ascending; calyx short-pubescent, with triangular, tapering lobes . . 29. (forms of) A . cytisoides

28b Leaflets sericeous or sericeous-lanate:

30a Flowers less than 8 mm; shrublets prostrate or decumbent 3. A. argyrella

30b Flowers 9 mm long or more; shrublets ascending to erect:

3 1 a Ovary with 2 ovules:

32a Shrubs erect, more than 0,5 m tall:

33a Indumentum of long hairs; bracts linear, more than 10 mm long 6. A . dunsdoniam

33b Indumentum short; bracts lanceolate to ovate, less than 10 mm long KEY 8

32b Shrubs smaller:

34a Shrublets slender, decumbent, usually with 2-3(4) flowers together; standard ovate,

acute, 4-5 mm broad 9. A. villosa

34b Shrublets less slender, decumbent to erect, usually with 5—10 flowers per inflorescence;

standard obovate, obtuse, more than 5 mm broad KEY 8

3 lb Ovary with 3 or more ovules:

35a Leaves (at least of short-shoots) glabrescent, green:

36a Bracts closely situated (lanceolate), forming a star-like configuration under the

head 8 . A . tridentata

36b Bracts not forming such a close involucre:

37a Leaves weak and flexible, without apical mucro 16. A. radiata

37b Leaves more or less rigid, mucronulate 29. A. cytisoides

35b Leaves sericeous throughout:

38a Calyx lobes 10—13 mm long (linear-lanceolate) 12. A. bidouwensis

38b Calyx lobes less than 7 mm long:

39a Leaflets small: usually only ± 3 mm long or less, closely massed on lateral short-

shoots ; shrublets knotty .rigid 20 . A . ramulosa

39b Leaflets larger, not as above:

40a Calyx lobes broadly and shortly triangular, 0,5 -1,5 mm long (inflorescence more

often ovate) 19. A. altissima

Crotalarieae

3,6: 11

40b Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, more than 2 mm long:

41a Shrubs with rather densely long-hairy branchlets; upper foliar leaves closely

situated and partly surrounding the inflorescence 7. A. salicifolia

41b Shrubs with rather slender, glabrescent branchlets; upper foliar leaves not surround-

ing the floral heads 8 . A . tridentata

KEY 8

la Ovary with 2 ovules:

2a Standard ± 11-13 mm broad; wing blades 1 1 — 12,5 x 4—5 mm 5. A. acocksii

2b Standard 5- 10 mm broad; wing blades 6- 10 X 3-4 mm 4. A. quinquefolia

lb Ovary with 4 or more ovules:

3a Ovary with 5-7 ovules:

4a Spikes sparse, elongate (with some distance between the flowers); petals intensely lemon-coloured (retaining

this colour when dry) 2. A. heterophylla

4b Spikes ovate, continuous; petals light yellow, near centre often with fine dark striation 1. A. lotoides

3b Ovary with 4 ovules:

5a Inflorescence a dense, multiflorous spike:

6a Calyx lobes broadly triangular or deltoid, 0,5- 1 ,5 mm long 19. A. altissima

6b Calyx lobes narrowly triangular to linear:

7a Foliar long-shoot leaves with 3 equal leaflets 16 .A.radiata

7b Foliar long-shoot leaves with 1 large (middle) and 2 smaller (lateral) leaflets (or the latter missing

altogether):

8a Petals sericeous; wing blades 9-10 mm long 17. A. sericea

8b Petals woolly villous; wing blades ± 7 mm long 18. A. aemula

5b Inflorescence a raceme (with distinct, but short pedicels):

9a Bracts lanceolate 14. A. rugosa

9b Bracts narrowly linear to subfiliform 29. A. cytisoides

KEY 9

la Lowest calyx lobe considerably larger and wider than other calyx lobes (leaves grey-pubescent) 46. A. polycephala

lb Lowest calyx lobe not or only slightly larger than the others:

2a Calyx very closely villous; leaflets white-tomentose and oblanceolate, ± 3 mm broad or more 15. A. incana

2b Calyx lobes either not densely villous, or if so the leaflets either narrower than 3 mm or not white-tomentose:

3a Keel blades glabrous:

4a Leaflets ± 4 mm long or less; ovary (fruit) completely glabrous 216b. A. acicularis subsp. planifolia

4b Leaflets (when distinctly flat) at least 6 mm long; fruit pubescent:

5a Leaves, calyx and standard with white-tomentose pubescence 253. A. karrooensis

5b Leaves short-puberulous, glabrescent 161. A. petersonii

3b Keel blades pubescent:

6a Leaves closely silvery sericeous:

7a Shrubs erect, with straight spreading branches; flowers solitary on or near branch tips 25. A. singuliflora

7b Shrublets decumbent to prostrate; flowers solitary or few on tips of weak (often peduncular) branches:

8a Shrublets closely matted; standard apically rounded-obtuse 10. A. bodkinii

8b Shrublets decumbent, not matted; standard apically pointed 9. A. villosa

6b Leaves glabrous or sparsely puberulous, green:

9a Calyx lobes somewhat recurved, subulate-acicular, spine-tipped; ovules 4-5 41. A. corniculata

9b Calyx lobes not spine-tipped; ovules 2:

10a Wings glabrous 42. A. esterhuyseniae

10b Wings with at least some pubescence on lower parts:

1 la Leaflets broadly lanceolate, ovate or rhombic, spine-tipped 34. A. marginata

1 lb Leaflets linear or oblanceolate, acute to mucronulate:

12a Standard and wing blades ± 6,5 and 5 mm long or less, respectively 37. A. inops

12b Standard and wing blades ± 7 and 5,5 mm long or more, respectively 36. A. stenophylla

3,6: 12

Crotalarieae

KEY 10

la Branches ending as strong, rigid thorns (calyx lobes 0,7 mm long or less) 164. A. obtusata

lb Branches not or only (A. acicularis) weakly thorny:

2a Leaves green, glabrous, glabrescent or sparsely pubescent, sometimes ciliate on the margins:

3a Keel beak-like; flowers solitary in axils of leaves, and scattered along unbranched (or sparingly branched)

branches; flowers actually with small bract and thus each representing a short-shoot 48. A. vulpina

3b Keel not beak-like, but lunate; brachyblasts leafy:

4a Keel glabrous or subglabrous:

5a Ovary and fruit glabrous 216b. A. acicularis subsp. planifolia

5b Ovary and fruit with at least some pubescence 153. A. tuberculata

4b Keel pubescent:

6a Calyx with villous pubescence; leaf bases often developed as spurs; ovules 4-5 27. A. dasyantha

6b Calyx short-sericeous; leaf bases not developed as spurs; ovules 2:

7a Leaflets oblong, quite flat, usually 3—5 x 1-2 mm 21. A. oblongifolia

7b Leaflets linear, only slightly flattened or with a central longitudinal groove, usually 8-22 x 0,8- 1,2

mm 152. A. burchelliana

2b Leaflets densely silvery sericeous:

8a Ovary with 4-5 ovules; leaf bases often with distinct spur 26. A. ternata

8b Ovary with 2 ovules; leaf bases always without spur:

9a Flowers ± 10 mm long; calyx lobes almost quadrate, apically obtuse-retuse 23. A. quadrata

9b Flowers 13- 16 mm long; calyx lobes ovate or narrowly triangular, usually acute:

10a Bracteoles ovate; shrublets decumbent, slender, sparingly branched; each branch with one or few

flowers 24. A. intervallaris

10b Bracteoles lanceolate or linear; shrublets erect, straight, not or little branched; flowers numerous along

the branches:

1 la Leaves greenish, short- sericeous, glabrescent, calyx lobes ovate 21. A. oblongifolia

1 lb Leaves silvery sericeous; calyx lobes tapering, narrowly triangular 22. A. caledonensis

KEY 11

la Lateral branches ending in sharp, woody thorns of almost uniform length:

2a Leaves entirely or partly grey-pubescent; calyx tomentose 1 85 . A . acanthophylla

2b Leaves glabrous or sparsely puberulous; calyx glabrous or short-puberulous:

3a Pedicel shortly pubescent; keel blades generally less than 6 mm long 165. A. spinosa

3b Pedicel (including the narrow calyx base?) glabrous for most of the length (the base excepted); keel blades

more than 6 mm long 167. A . glabrata

lb Lateral branches not as above, but branches often thorny:

4a Leaflets ending in a straight, sharp spinelet:

5a Bracts ± 2 mm broad or more 146. A. aciphylla

5b Bracts less than 2 mm broad:

6a Wing blades less than 2 mm broad; floriferous short-shoots concentrated at branch ends 147. A. spiculata

6b Wing blades more than 3 mm broad; floriferous short-shoots scattered 145. A. collina

4b Leaflets not spine-tipped, but often mucronulate or mucronate:

7a Pedicel glabrous, often relatively long:

8a Leaflet apices recurved, finely apiculate (-mucronulate) 180. A. recurvispina

8b Leaflet apices not recurved, obtuse to merely pointed:

9a Leaflets less than 2,5 mm long; calyx lobes 0,4 mm long or less, fleshy, obtusely triangular

179. A. obtusifolia

9b Leaflets more than 2,5 mm long; calyx lobes 0,5 mm long or more, linear or narrowly triangular:

10a Wing blades less than 3,5 mm long and less than 1,2 mm broad; wing claws ± 2,5 mm long

or more 178. A. zeyheri

Crotalarieae

3,6: 13

10b Wing blades more than 3,5 mm long and 1,5 mm broad; wing claws 1,7 mm long

or less 177. A. sanguined

7b Pedicel, if distinct, more or less pubescent, generally short:

1 la Bracteoles more than 4 mm broad; branches divided into glabrous, pale segments 137. A. capensis

1 lb Bracteoles less than 1,5 mm broad; branches pubescent, terete, not divided into segments:

12a Rowers pale rose or pink (‘mauve’):

13a Calyx lobes deltoid, acute; bracts broadly linear to spathulate 148. A. costulata

13b Calyx lobes narrowly triangular to subulate; bracts linear-subulate 149. A. pallidiflora

12b Rowers yellow, orange-coloured or (partly) dark reddish:

14a Shrublets procumbent or prostrate; calyx tube glabrous, longitudinally ridged; calyx lobes subulate-

acicular, terete pedicel very short (fruits flat, ovate):

15a Leaflets very slender, only ± 0,2 mm thick (but 2-5 mm long); fruit glabrous,

glossy 239. A. hypnoides

15b Leaflets less slender, ± 0,3-0, 4 mm thick; fruit with short appressed hairs, not glossy (narrowly

cordate) 238 . A. cordicarpa

14b Shrublets usually ascending-erect, seldom decumbent; when calyx is glabrous then its lobes are

usually short and/or the pedicel is distinct:

16a Calyx lobes with conspicuously thickened margins:

17a Keel blades 5,3 mm long or less; ovary glabrous or pubescent only on basal upper

parts 182 .A.wurmbeana

17b Keel blades 5,5 mm long or more; ovary usually ciliate along the whole of the upper

side 181. A. recurva

16b Calyx lobes not with thickened margins:

18a Keel blades beak-like, 8 mm long or more 176. A. arenaria

18b Keel blades lunate or angled (but obtuse), 7 mm long or less:

19a Calyx lobes ovoid, subterete, fleshy, ± 2 mm long and 1 ,5 mm thick 175. A. odontoloba

19b Calyx lobes not as large nor as fleshy:

20a Leaflets with a profound longitudinal groove at least on the lower side 173. A. mundiana

20b Leaflets terete or slightly flattened, but without distinct groove:

21a Branches very strong and thomy 162 (b). A. lactea (subsp. breviloba)

21b Branches not thomy:

22a Calyx tube glabrous:

23a Standard claw obsolete 170. A. obliqua

23b Standard claw short but distinct:

24a Fruits 10 mm long or more; wing blades 5 mm long or more (petals often camose

and stiff, mainly bright yellow) 174. A. pinguis

24b Fruits 9 mm long or less; wing blades usually 4-7 mm long or less (petals often

turning ferruginous or reddish purple, hardly camose or stiff) 168. A. subtingens

22b Calyx tube puberulous or sparsely to closely pubescent:

25a Apex of standard very stongly incurved 157. A. smithii

25b Apex of standard only slightly incurved:

26a Wing and keel claws only ± 1 mm long or less (fruits glabrous or almost

glabrous) 182. A. wurmbeana

26b Wing and keel claws 1,3 mm long or more (fruits villous or in A. lactea almost

glabrous):

27a Calyx lobes shortly subulate; standard acute 159. A. acutiflora

27b Calyx lobes triangular, short:

28a Most leaflets 1-3 mm long; flowers bright yellow 169. A. steudeliana

28b Most leaflets 4-8 mm long; flowers usually ferruginous or rubescent

162. A. lactea

3,6: 14

Crotalarieae

KEY 12

la Calyx (outside), pedicel and ovary all glabrous (leaflets ending in spinelets) 219. A. rigidifolia

lb Calyx, pedicel and ovary more or less pubescent:

2a Wing and keel claws adnate to base of staminal sheath and leaflets spine-tipped (rather large

shrubs) 93 .A.neglecta

2b Wing and keel claws not attached to staminal sheath, or if attached to staminal sheath then not spine-tipped:

3a Wing blades with 1(2) row(s) of rather irregular minor folds on upper basal parts and usually firmly attached

to lateral bulges of keel blades (flowers small, with linear-subulate calyx lobes):

4a Bracts and bracteoles lacking 112 .A. parviflora

4b Bracts present, but often small; bracteoles present or (rarely) lacking:

5a Bracts similar to and of almost same size as leaflets of foliar leaves:

6a Wing blades usually glabrous (seldom with some pubescence near apex); calyx rather sparingly

pubescent 108. A. ericifolia

6b Wing blades pubescent on lower apical parts; calyx closely long- and white-pubescent:

7a Bracteoles very small or lacking 105. A. muraltioides

7b Bracteoles similar to the bracts but slightly narrower:

8a Calyx lobes more than 2,5 mm long, more or less recurved; standard blades usually more than

6,5 mm long 110 .A.varians

8b Calyx lobes 2-2,5 mm long, not recurved; standard blade 6-6,3 mm long 109. A. isolata

5b Bracts much smaller (especially narrower) than leaflets of foliar leaves:

9a Petals pale, cream-coloured with keel purplish, or all petals pale, dull yellowish 107. A. hispida

9b Petals light bright yellow:

10a Bracteoles generally lacking; foliage long-pubescent 105 . A . muraltioides

10b Bracteoles present; foliage leaves with sparse, short pubescence 106. A. puberula

3b Wing blades with 3 or more rows of minute folds on upper basal parts and not attached to the keel:

11a Wing blades glabrous:

12a Leaflets 8-22 mm long and 0,8- 1,2 mm broad, often slightly flattened or canaliculate, mucro-

nate 152. A. burchelliana

12b Leaflets much shorter and/or narrower:

13a Calyx lobes triangular; bracts ± 1 mm long or less 184. A. spinescens

13b Calyx lobes filiform, linear-lanceolate, oblong or rostrate (and then incurved); bracts 2 mm long or

more:

14a Standard with apical cusp more than 0,5 mm long; calyx lobes long and slender.... 83. A. asparagoides

14b Standard without or with very short cusp; calyx lobes rather broad with distinct midvein... 82. A. opaca

1 lb Wing blades with at least some pubescence on lower apical parts:

15a Leaflets usually less than 3 mm long, obtuse-acute; wing blades pubescent on most parts of outer side

(flowers normally 2-4 on branchlet tips) 186. A. vermiculata

15b Leaflets usually more than 3 mm long, pointed; wing blades pubescent only on half or less of outer side:

16a Rowers medium-sized or large; wing and keel blades pubescent on most parts of outer side (flowers

normally 2-4 on branchlet tips):

17a Keel blades somewhat beak-like; calyx lobes short, but spine-like (less than 2 mm

long) 265 . A . fourcadei

17b Keel blades lunate, obtuse; calyx lobes usually more than 2 mm long or, when shorter, not spine-

like:

18a Leaves glabrous; leaflets spine-tipped 266. A. teres

18b Leaves glabrous or pubescent; when glabrous then leaflets not spine-tipped or pungent:

19a Calyx lobes linear-acicular, more than 4 mm long 259. A. setacea

19b Calyx lobes triangular or subulate, less than 4 mm long:

Crotalarieae

3,6: 15

20a Fruits smoothly sericeous; calyx smoothly and closely puberulous; calyx lobes narrowly

triangular, subglabrous 259. A. setacea

20b Fruits woolly-villous; calyx villous or woolly; calyx lobes subulate or triangular, when tri-

angular then pubescent:

21a Ratio keel blade/keel claw less than 1,5 259. A. setacea

21b Ratio keel blade/keel claw more than 7:

22a Leaves glabrous:

23a Shrublets decumbent; leaflets densely set, mostly more than 5 mm long (Prince

Albert- Ladismith Districts) 263. A. congesta

23b Shrublets decumbent to erect, if decumbent then with leaflets less than 4 mm long

(Uitenhage Division to Natal) 262. A. chortophila

22b Leaves pubescent:

24a Leaves grey-pubescent (hairs one-armed); petals light yellow 264. A. kougaensis

24b Leaves green, very sparingly pubescent (hairs two-armed); petals bright yellow-

orange, often reddish centrally 262. A. chortophila

16b Flowers rather small: wing and keel blades less than 5 mm long:

25a Calyx lobes more than 3,5 mm long (linear-subfiliform or acicular):

26a Leaves green, usually sparsely pubescent; wing blades less than 5 mm long 258. A. alopecurus

26b Leaves grey-pubescent; wing blades more than 5 mm long 259. A. setacea

25b Calyx lobes less than 3,5 mm long, triangular or subulate:

27a Leaves glabrous:

28a Wing and keel blades ± 4 mm long or less 260. A . cliffortiifolia

28b Wing and keel blades at least ± 5 mm and 4,5 mm long respectively 259. A. setacea

27b Leaves sparsely to closely pubescent, short:

29a Calyx lobes subulate, subterete; keel blades less than 5 mm long 261. A. intermedia

29b Calyx lobes more or less triangular, rather flat; keel blades more than 5,5 mm long

259 .A. setacea

KEY 13

la Leaf bases of long-shoot leaves with distinct, woody spur (or spine):

2a Flowers small: less than 10 mm long (including pedicel) 77. A. calcarata

2b Flowers larger: at least 15 mm long (including pedicel):

3a Branches ending in strong straight thorns 80. A. rostrata

3b Branches not thorny; leaves usually not sericeous; spur rarely present 78. A. pinea

1 b Leaf bases not produced into a spur or spine:

4a Wing blades 6,5 mm long or more (i.e. flowers relatively large):

5a Leaflets rigid, somewhat S-curved, with slightly recurved apex (floriferous short-shoots largely confined

to distal 20 mm of stem) 274. A. shawii

5b Leaflets rigid or weak, not S-curved, but often slightly incurved, apices not recurved:

6a Flowers very large: standard ± 16 mm broad or more, wing blades ± 5,5 mm broad or more

27 1 . A . lamarckiana

6b Flowers somewhat smaller: standard ± 14,5 mm broad or less, wing blades ± 4,2 mm broad or less:

7a Keel more or less beak-like:

8a Most parts of back of standard glabrous 275. A . joubertiana

8b Most parts of back of standard pubescent 269. A. laricifolia

7b Keel lunate, rounded apically:

9a Leaflets rigid, pungent 270. A. hystrix

9b Leaflets not very rigid, not pungent:

10a Most leaflets less than 10 mm long:

3,6: 16

Crotalarieae

1 la Shrublets ± 0,5 m high or less; keel blades 6-8,5 mm long 269. A. laricifolia

1 lb Shrublets ± 1 m tall or more; keel blades usually ±11 mm long 272. A. bowieana

10b Most leaflets more than 10 mm long:

12a Calyx villous- velutinous; calyx lobes with a short mucronate or mucronulate point (standard

puberulous on apical-marginal parts of front) 272. A. bowieana

12b Calyx long-sericeous (-lanate); calyx lobes tapering, weak 273. A. argyrophanes

4b Wing blades less than 6,5 mm long:

13a Leaflets more than 15 mm long:

14a Calyx lobes very short: 0,5 mm or less; ovary and fruit long-woolly; leaflets up to 40 mm long

256 . A. longifolia

14b Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, 0,7-2, 8 mm long; ovary and fruit sericeous to villous; leaflets mostly

less than 35 mm long:

15a Leaflets, at least of older leaves, glabrous on distal parts; pedicels ± 1 mm long or less . . 255. A. glabrescens

15b Leaflets all silvery sericeous; pedicels mostly 1,5 mm long or more:

16a Standard blade more than 6,5 mm long; wing blades more than 5,5 mm long; bract emerging at base

of pedicel 254 .A.florifera

16b Standard blade less than 5,5 mm long; wing blades less than 5 mm long; bract emerging on the

pedicel at some distance from its base 155. A. cinerascens

13b Leaflets less than 15 mm long:

17a Leaflets succulent, 0,8—2 mm long, with short hairs (apparently directed towards the base), usually

leaving the leaflet apex glabrous 160. A . leucophylla

17b Leaflets non-succulent, usually more than 2 mm long:

18a Bract ± 1,2 mm long or more (back of standard almost completely pubescent):

19a Shrublets or shrubs erect (to more than 1 m high), sparingly branched; young branches with long

white hairs 247. A. gerrardii

19b Shrublets low, rather much branched; young branches short-villous (or glabrescent):

20a Calyx rather sparsely pubescent; fruit densely white-lanate 227. A. intricata

20b Calyx densely silvery sericeous; fruit short-pubescent 246. A. frankenioides

18b Bract ± 1 ,0 mm long or less (back of standard usually glabrous at least in basal half):

21a Standard densely white-villous on apical parts of back 154. A. candicans

21b Standard short-sericeous or puberulous on apical central parts of back, otherwise glabrous:

22a Keel blades at least 4,8 mm long and 2,7 mm broad; back of standard puberulous on more than

two-thirds 25 1 . A . candidula

22b Keel blades not more than 4,5 mm long and 2,1 mm broad or less; back of standard puberulous on

a third to a half:

23a Shrublets procumbent or prostrate; wing blades ± 3 mm long or less 156. A. incompta

23b Shrublets ascending (to decumbent); wing blades at least 2-4 mm long 158. A. pycnantha

KEY 14

la Pedicel glabrous (often rather more than 3 mm long) 219. A. rigidifolia

lb Pedicel, when distinct, pubescent (puberulous to tomentose):

2a Wing and keel claws adnate at base to staminal sheath 93. A. neglecta

2b Wing and keel claws free from staminal sheath:

3a Calyx tube glabrous or minutely puberulous:

4a Bracts and bracteoles acicular; back of standard sparsely sericeous only on midrib:

5a Branch ends white-pubescent; keel tapering, more or less beak-like (flowers normally grouped on branch

ends) 1 88 . A . astroites

5b Branch ends subglabrous or white-puberulous; keel angled, rather obtuse (rarely somewhat

beaked) 189. A. abietina

Crotalarieae

3,6: 17

4b Bracts and bracteoles oblong to lanceolate, when lanceolate then with acicular apex; back of standard

variously pubescent, but at least pubescent on marginal apical parts:

6a Bracts and bracteoles less than 1,3 mm long; petals becoming blackish (at least dark) when dried

150(c). A. pachyloba (subsp. rugulicarpa)

6b Bracts and bracteoles more than 1 ,5 mm long; petals usually persistently yellow (or partly reddish) when

dried 145. A. collina

3b Calyx tube densely pubescent:

7a Ovary pubescent only on upper part of base; fruit subglabrous 145. A. collina

7b Ovary and fruit (almost) entirely pubescent:

8a Leaflets S-curved or (apically) recurved; keel rather beak-like (standard back sometimes pubescent only

on apical parts) 274. A. shawii

8b Leaflets straight (or slightly incurved); keel not beak-like:

9a Calyx lobes 8-11 mm long 276 .A. acanthes

9b Calyx lobes ± 7 mm long or less:

10a Shrubs not or sparingly branched (erect, ‘rod-like’); flowers distributed along single branches for

long distances:

1 la Calyx short- velutinous, with ovate lobes 278. A. sceptrum-aureum

1 lb Calyx white-woolly, with narrowly triangular lobes 277 . A. verbasciformis

10b Shrubs more richly branched; flowers more scattered:

12a Flowers large: wing blades 13— 17 mm long; keel blades 13- 16 mm long 268. A. spectabilis

12b Flowers somewhat smaller: wing and keel blades less than 1 1 mm long 261. A. hirta

KEY 15

la Flowers small, less than 10 mm long (including pedicel); wing blades only ± 2,5 mm long or less 77. A. calcarata

lb Rowers larger, considerably more than 10 mm long; wing blades at least 6 mm long:

2a Shrubs low, decumbent to ascending; calyx lobes with green, somewhat thickened margins 74. A. rycroftii

2b Shrubs erect; calyx lobes not with green, thickened margins:

3a Inner side of standard blade base with disc-shaped callosities; anthers without basal pubescence:

4a Ovary with 14 or more ovules; fruit long, broadly linear IS.A.pinea

4b Ovary with 3-7 ovules; fruit broadly lanceolate or beaked:

5a Calyx tube and young branches sericeous; leaf base spines ultimately caducous (some forms with whitish

or rose flowers and beaked fruits) 75. A. willdenowiana

5b Calyx tube glabrous or with sparse appressed hairs; branches glabrescent; leaf base spines persistent

16. A. uniflora

3b Inner side of standard without disc-shaped callosities; anthers basally with some pubescence:

6a Shrubs strongly thorny 80. A. rostrata

6b Shrubs not thorny 79. A. macrocarpa

KEY 16

la Ovary and fruit completely glabrous:

2a Calyx sparsely villous on outer side; flowers small 151. A. granulata

2b Calyx tube glabrous on outer side; flowers medium-sized or large:

3a Wing blades with only 3-5 minute wrinkles on the base 143. A. arida

3b Wing blades with numerous wrinkles in 4-7 rows:

4a Calyx lobes basally widened and overlapping; flowers compressed from the sides; petals persistently

lemon-yellow 142. A. citrina

4b Calyx lobes not overlapping at base; flowers not laterally compressed; petals usually turning dark when

dried 150. A. pachyloba

lb Ovary and fruit pubescent at least on base of upper suture:

5a Margins of calyx lobes conspicuously thickened, fleshy 234. A. marginalis

3,6: 18

Crotalarieae

5b Margins not prominent; calyx lobes fleshy or not:

6a Bracts, bracteoles and pedicel lacking (keel blades shorter than keel claws); wing and keel claws attached to

staminal sheath 112 .A. parviflora

6b At least bracts normally present, though often small and tooth-like (keel blades longer than keel claws except

in A. incurvifolia — no. 257):

7a Style not or only slightly upcurved, almost straight; keel extended (standard narrow, acute; petals dark

yellow) 1 1 1 . A. rectistyla

7b Style upcurved; keel not particularly prolonged:

8a Shrublets prostrate, flat on ground, amply branched; bracts and bracteoles flat, ovate, 1, 3-2,0 x

0,8— 1,2mm 86 .A. prostrata

8b Shrublets or shrubs procumbent to erect, but not prostrate; bracts and bracteoles either not flat or, if so,

then not ovate:

9a Pedicel as long as calyx tube (calyx tube closely puberulous; branches thorny) 163. A.ferox

9b Pedicel much shorter than calyx tube:

10a Ovary pubescent at least on parts of base; fruit hard, rugose, black when ripe (leaflets succu-

lent) 150 , A. pachyloba

10b Ovary pubescent at least in upper half; fruit pubescent on most parts, not as above:

1 1 a Standard pubescent on distal half or less of back:

12a Standard narrowly ovate, pointed; its pubescence restricted to the very apex 159. A. acutiflora

12b Standard broadly ovate, obtuse or subacute, pubescent on variable portion of the back:

13a Leaves and branches weak, puberulous in juvenile stage; fruit short-sericeous, 6,5 mm long

or more:

14a Calyx lobes l,3-2mmlong 161 . A. petersonii

14b Calyx lobes ± 1 mm long or less 162. A. lactea

13b Leaves rather firm; branches firm to coarse; fruit either shorter than 5,5 mm, or when more

than 6,5 mm then densely villous or sericeous:

15a Fruits 6,5 mm long or more, densely villous or sericeous; calyx tube 3,5-4 mm long ....

257 . A. incurvifolia

15b Fruits less than 5,5 mm long, short-sericeous; calyx tube less than 2,5 mm long:

16a Standard blade (6,5-)7,0-8,0 mm long, puberulous on distal half of back

249 .A.aciloba

16b Standard blade (4,5 — )5 ,0—6, 2 mm long, puberulous on apical parts only 248. A. calcarea

1 lb Standard pubescent on two-thirds or more of back:

17a Calyx lobes broadly oblong or lanceolate, ovate or spathulate, upper ones more than 1,2 mm

broad near middle:

18a Calyx lobes triangular (2-4 mm long), apically subterete, camose and apically often

slightly incurved (shrublets procumbent or decumbent) 85. A. salteri

18b Calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate or narrowly ovate-spathulate, not nearly terete apically:

19a Petals cream-coloured; leaflets rather succulent, slightly incurved, subglabrous or finely,

sparsely and appressedly puberulous; foliage dull green (calcicolous species)

84 . A. pallescens

19b Petals light or bright yellow; leaflets hardly succulent, with scattered, rather spreading

hairs, or none; calyx lobes mostly spoon-shaped 89. A. cymbiformis

17b Calyx lobes tapering, linear, subulate or triangular or (and) narrower than 1,2 mm near

middle:

20a Keel blades usually more than 8 mm long; calyx lobes usually more than 6 mm long

88. A. linguiloba

20b Keel blades less than 7,5 mm long; calyx lobes 6 mm long or less:

21a Fruit entirely woolly (flowers medium-sized); calyx lobes triangular, tapering

269 . A. laricifolia

2 1 b Fruit short-sericeous or partly glabrous:

Crotalarieae

3,6: 19

22a Wing blades with l(-2) longitudinal row(s) of irregular folds, on basal parts and

usually firmly attached to the lateral bulges of the keel blades (flowers small):

23a Bracts and bracteoles similar to leaflets of foliar leaves but slightly narrower

108 (b). A. ericifolia (subsp. minuta)

23b Bracts (and bracteoles if present) very small and subulate, ± 0,2 mm broad or less

(petals pale yellowish) 107. A. hispida

22b Wing blades with (3)4-6 rows of minute folds, and not firmly attached to bulges of

keel:

24a Rowers relatively large: keel blades more than 6 mm long; wing and keel claws

usually attached at base to staminal sheath:

25a Leaflets on branch ends clearly flattened (and weak) 95. A. confusa

25b Leaflets not flattened:

26a Foliage bright green (leaves knotty from minute tubercles at hair bases)

92. A. spicata

26b Foliage greyish green (hair bases tubercular or not):

27a Wing and keel blades more than 6 mm and 7 mm long, respectively 92. A. spicata

27b Wing and keel blades less than 6 mm and 7 mm long, respectively 87. A. incurva

24b Flowers relatively small: keel blades ± 6 mm long or less; wing and keel claws

(except in forms of A.flexuosa) free from staminal sheath:

28a Calyx lobes, bracts and bracteoles filiform, less than 0,3 mm broad, with

minutely tuberculate hair bases (standard apex with cusp 1 -2 mm long)

83. A. asparagoides

28b Calyx lobes acicular, narrowly linear, subulate or lanceolate, not with tuberculate

hair bases (standard without prominent cusp):

29a Leaves with minute and spreading hairs (short-shoot leaves often glabrous);

keel blades broadest in basal half:

30a Ovary and fruit minutely puberulous all over; bracteoles, when present,

small and narrow, usually less than 1 mm long 104. A.flexuosa

30b Ovary and fruit glabrous on basal and lower parts; bracteoles broadly subu-

late, usually 2,5 mm long or more 81. A. campestris

29b Leaves glabrous or with sparse, appressed hairs; keel blades obtusely lunate,

broadest near middle:

31a Standard blade ± 4 mm long or less; keel blades less than 4 mm long (bracts

and bracteoles minute) 228. A.florulenta

31b Standard blade 4, 5-7, 5 mm long; keel blades 4-7 mm long:

32a Branches weak, not thorny even in old stage; petals bright yellow to

ferruginous 226. A. wittebergensis

32b Branches in old stage more or less thorn-like; petals mainly light or pale

yellow 227. A. intricata

KEY 17

la Leaflets 20—50 mm long, linear, somewhat Battened (flowers large, capitate) 126. A. stokoei

lb Leaflets shorter, subterete, angular or canaliculate:

2a Rowers in an elongate raceme (and relatively large):

3a Calyx lobes 3-4 mm long; ovary glabrous on most parts 132. A. erythrodes

3b Calyx lobes ± 1 ,5 mm long or less; ovary puberulous on most parts 205. A. corrudifolia

2b Rowers in compact groups, heads or umbels or solitary:

4a Bracteoles ± 4 mm broad or more; flowers very large and fleshy; branchlets with pale, glabrous segments

137 . A. cape ns is

4b Bracteoles ± 3 mm broad or less; flowers fleshy or not; branchlets glabrous or pubescent, but not with segments:

5a Leaflets sharply spine-tipped or mucronate:

6a Calyx tube pubescent:

7a Rowers solitary or in pairs

145. A. collina

20

Crotalarieae

7b Flowers usually 3 or more together

130. A. subulata

6b Calyx tube glabrous:

8a Standard apex obtuse-retuse, rarely acute; sides of back of standard not firmly incurved:

9a Bracts 1,5 mm broad or more; leaflets usually broadest in distal half (flowers usually 3— several

together) 131 .A.fusca

9b Bracts ±1,2 mm long or less; leaflets usually broadest in basal (proximal) half, tapering (flowers

usually solitary or in pairs) 145. A. collina

8b Standard ending in distinct tip or spine; sides of standard firmly incurved:

10a Leaflets glaucous (straight, 4-7 mm long; shrublets low) 240. A. potbergensis

10b Leaflets normal green:

11a Branches densely white-villous-woolly (shrublets procumbent or erect); bracteoles ± 2,5 mm

long or more) 242. A. batodes

lib Branches short-pubescent (shrublets decumbent); bracteoles less than 2,2 mm long

237. A. crassisepala

5b Leaflets not spiny, but obtuse, acute, acuminate or mucronulate:

12a Bracts 1 ,5-6 mm broad (flowers rather large or medium-sized and camose, in terminal groups or head-

like umbels):

13a Leaves sparsely pubescent (wing and rostrate keel petals ciliate along part of margins) .... 139. A. capitata

13b Leaves glabrous (petals not at all ciliate):

14a Pedicels 6- 10 mm long; bracts partly with lobate-dentate margins 138. A. excelsa

14b Pedicels less than 5 mm long; bracts entire (seldom with one lobe on each side) 136. A. carnosa

12b Bracts not more than 1 mm broad (flowers small or medium-sized):

15a Calyx lobes flat, triangular (and glabrous), not fleshy; pedicel ± 4 mm long; bracts 4—5 mm long,

partly fused with pedicel and emerging just below calyx base 1 35 . A . variegata

15b Calyx lobes not triangular or, if so, then fleshy, subterete, of variable shape: from ovoid to subulate

or linear-subulate; pedicels less than 2 mm long:

16a Upper margin of keel blades straight or only slightly curved (keel not particularly rigid-fleshy):

17a Flowers several together, in head-like clusters:

18a Ovules 4; shrubs procumbent; bracts oblanceolate-canaliculate 236. A. humilis

18b Ovules 2; shrubs erect and relatively large; bracts narrowly linear 172. A. simii

17b Flowers solitary or in pairs, on branchlet tips:

19a Calyx lobes more than 2 mm long:

20a Shrublets erect or ascending, up to ± 0,75 m tall; flowers yellow without violet shades;

some intemodes of branchlets often peduncle-like:

21a Leaflets succulent, 1-2 mm long; calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate, 1,5-2, 0 mm

long 233. A. oliveri

21b Leaflets linear, needle-like (but weak), mostly 3-5 mm long; calyx lobes broadly subu-

late, 2,5 -4,0 mm long 231. A. amoena

20b Shrublets procumbent or decumbent, rarely ascending to ± 0,3 m; flowers usually yellow

and partly violet or purple:

22a Standard blade less than 5,7 mm long; longest leaflets ± 2,5 mm long

232. A. empetrifolia

22b Standard blade more than 6 mm long; longest leaflets more than 3 mm long

230. A. retroflexa

19b Calyx lobes 1 ,5 mm long or less:

23a Flowers solitary or in pairs on branchlet tips, but also solitary on lateral short-shoots; calyx

spreadingly puberulous 171. A. katbergensis

23b Rowers solitary on tips of distinct branchlets or branches; calyx glabrous or with ap-

pressed, short pubescence:

24a Rowers on branchlets with one long, peduncle-like intemode; (fruit at least up to 15 mm

long, tapering at both ends); calyx lobes thickly subulate 225. A. lanceicarpa

24b Rowers on branches without prolonged intemode(s); calyx lobes narrowly linear, sub-

terete 222. A. ramosissima

Crotalarieae

3,6:21

16b Upper margin of keel blades strongly curved (keel more or less rigid and fleshy):

25a Calyx tube pubescent on outer side:

26a Standard blade more than 6 mm long; fruit 1 ,9 mm long or more 230. A . retroflexa (certain forms)

26b Standard blade less than 6 mm long; fruit ± 8 mm long or less:

27a Calyx lobes ± 1 mm long or less, fleshy, globose-ovoid 235. A. concava

27b Calyx lobes broadly or narrowly subulate:

28a Wing blades 4, 3 -5, 2 mm long; fruits thick, with long hairs on sides.... 232. A. empetrifolia

28b Wing blades 2,7 -4,0 mm long; fruits glabrous, compressed from the sides

237. A. crassisepala

25b Calyx tube glabrous on outer side:

29a Standard blade less than 7,5 mm long; wing blades less than 6 mm long:

30a Leaflets very slender, ± 0,2 mm thick (but 2-5 mm long); fruit ovate, glabrous,

glossy 239. A . hypnoides

30b Leaflets not so slender, 0,3 mm thick or more; fruit triangular-lanceolate or narrowly

triangular-ovate:

31a Calyx lobes ovoid, subterete (shrublets procumbent or prostrate, growing on calcareous

ground) 241 .A. repens

31b Calyx lobes subulate or linear (shrublets decumbent or prostrate):

32a Ovary sericeous at least on the upper edge 237. A. crassisepala

32b Ovary usually completely glabrous 243 . A . juniperina

29b Standard blade ± 7,5 mm long or more; wing blades 6,5 mm long or more:

33a Standard sides not firmly incurved (i.e. rather flat); back of standard with some scattered

appressed hairs on the midrib 245 . A . condensata

33b Standard sides firmly incurved; back of standard not ciliate on the midrib:

34a Wing blades usually wrinkled on about half or more of their length; bracts ± 3 mm long

or (usually) less 243(d). A. juniperina (subsp. grandis)

34b Wing blades with relatively few folds on basal parts; bracts 3, 5 -5,0 mm long

244. A. chrysantha

KEY 18

la Leaves densely grey-pubescent on most parts:

2a Flowers on branchlets with one or two long, peduncle-like intemodes:

3a Fruits lanceolate, 12 mm long or more; flowers solitary 230. A . retroflexa

3b Fruits ovate, ± 5 mm long or less; flowers generally in pairs (or threes) 252. A. longipes

2b Flowers on branchlets with intemodes not peduncle-like:

4a Standard puberulous on distal quarter or less of the back; fruit obliquely lanceolate, 10-12 mm long

221. A. digitifolia

4b Standard pubescent on about half or more of back; fruits rather small, ± 7 mm long or less:

5a Leaflets ± 0,7-0, 8 mm broad (slightly flattened); white-tomentose (-villous) 253. A. karrooensis

5b Leaflets ± 0,5 mm thick or less; sericeous or short-pubescent:

6a Calyx appressedly sericeous; shrublets prostrate or procumbent 250. A . grobleri

6b Calyx with spreading pubescence; shrublets decumbent to ascending 227. A. intricata

lb Leaves glabrous or rather sparsely hairy, green:

7a Pedicel glabrous (and often relatively long); fruits hard, slightly inflated:

8a Leaflets spine-tipped:

9a Calyx lobes usually less than 2,5 mm long, narrowly triangular; ovules usually 4-5 219. A. rigidifolia

9b Calyx lobes usually more than 2,5 mm long, subulate-acicular, with attenuated, often somewhat upcurved

apices; ovules 2 218. A. aristata

8b Leaflets not spine-tipped: acute-acuminate or apiculate:

10a Shrublets decumbent or procumbent (to prostrate), with weak, leafy branches 217. A. pedicellata

1 0b Shrublets erect , often with thorny branches 2 1 6 . A . acicularis

22

Crotalarieae

Pedicel pubescent:

llaOvary with 16-20 ovules; fruits narrow, linear 71. A.filicaulis

1 lb Ovary with fewer than 8 ovules; fruits not linear:

12a Standard base on the inner side with a pubescent, elongate callosity on each side of claw (large-flowered

shrub; ovules 4— 6) 72. A. macrantha

12b Standard base not with such callosities:

13a Leaf bases of long-shoot leaves with woody spur or spine 0,5- 1,5 mm long 73. A. desertorum

1 3b Leaf bases not with spurs or spines:

14a Leaves more or less sparsely pubescent (at least those on branch ends):

15a Shrubs tall (1,5-2. 5 m); pedicels 3, 5-5,0 mm long; fruits ± 15 mm long 127. A. decora

15b Shrubs or shrublets less than 1 m tall; pedicels ± 2 mm long or less; fruits less than 12 mm long:

16a Wing and keel claws adnate at base to staminal sheath:

17a Leaflets ending as very sharp spines; standard with spine-like cusp 101. A. acanthiloba

17b Leaflets not ending as sharp spines; without apical cusp or (A. keeromsbergensis ) with

non-spiny cusp:

18a Bract and bracteoles 4-6 mm long (slender, narrowly linear or filiform) 91. A. caespitosa

18b Bract and bracteoles usually less than 4 mm long (linear to ovate):

19a Bract and bracteoles flat, ovate, ± 1, 3-2,0 x 0,8- 1,2 mm; calyx lobes ± 2 mm long

or less 86. A. prostrata

19b Bracts and bracteoles linear, not flat; calyx lobes usually 3,6 mm long, spoon-shaped or

linear-subulate:

20a Calyx lobes more or less widened at middle, usually spoon-shaped; standard without

apical tip or cusp 89. A . cymbiformis

20b Calyx lobes linear-subulate (but obtuse), not widened; standard with an apical tip or

cusp 90. A . keeromsbergensis

16b Wing and keel claws free from staminal sheath:

2 la Calyx lobes fleshy, green, either cymbiform, triangular or linear and subterete

continue at contrast 19a

21b Calyx lobes not fleshy continue at KEY 16, contrast 32a

14b Leaves totally glabrous:

22a Pedicel 5- 10 mm long; bract rhombic-ovate, with slightly dentate margins 138. A. excelsa

22b Pedicel less than 4,5 mm long; bracts of different shape:

23a Standard with pubescence only on base and on midrib of back (or with only a few hairs):

24a Calyx lobes almost circular, at least the upper obtuse (to retuse) 136. A. carnosa

24b Calyx lobes acute, acuminate or spine-tipped:

25a Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, not spine-tipped; pedicel ± 4 mm long (bract emerging on

pedicel just below calyx) 135. A. variegata

25b Calyx lobes either linear or triangular and spine-tipped; pedicel less than 3 mm long:

26a Leaflets sharply spine-tipped:

27a Keel apically attenuate, almost beak-like, rigid and camose 188. A. astroites

27b Keel slightly upcurved but not nearly beak-like, not rigidly camose 145. A. collina

26b Leaflets acute to apiculate-mucronulate:

28a Ovules 4; flowers (small), in heads 236. A. humilis

28b Ovules 2; flowers mostly solitary or 2 or 3 together:

29a Shmblets prostrate, almost matted (calyx tube glabrous) 245. A. condensata

29b Shmblets procumbent, decumbent or ascending (calyx tube often puberulous or

with sparse spreading hairs):

30a Calyx lobes and leaflets ending in fine points (spinelets); leaflets rigid

189 .A.abietina

30b Calyx lobes and leaflets acuminate or apiculate; leaflets not rigid, not spinulose

230. A. retroflexa

Crotalarieae

3,6: 23

23b Standard pubescent on at least marginal distal parts of the back (also on the base):

31a Calyx lobes with prominent, green and thickened margins 234. A. marginalis

31b Calyx lobes not with thickened margins:

32a Fruit ± 5,5 mm broad or more; flowers relatively large, standard 9 mm broad or more;

calyx lobes acute, not spine-tipped (shrubs 1 m tall, erect) 140. A. dianthopora

32b Fruit less than 5 mm broad; flowers rather small and/or calyx lobes mucronulate to spine-

tipped (standard ±8,5 mm broad or less):

33a Fruit thick and thick-walled, hard, somewhat rugose, ovate; ovules 3-5 (usually 4)

145 .A.collina

33b Fruit rather compressed, not very thick, more or less smooth; ovules 2 (except in A.

biflora subsp. longicarpa, with lanceolate fruits):

34a Flowers situated on fine slender peduncles; calyx lobes camose but not spine-tipped or

mucronulate 229 . A. tenuissima

34b Rowers on peduncles or not, when on peduncles then always with spine-tipped calyx

lobes:

35a Calyx lobes camose, subterete (0,5- 1,0 mm broad), linear, acute to acuminate but

without apical mucro or spinelet 230. A . retroflexa

35b Calyx lobes either not camose or if so then either mucronulate or triangular or both:

36a Calyx lobes triangular or triangular-subulate, not spine-tipped or mucronulate

(keel blades lunate) continue at KEY 16, contrast 31a

36b Calyx lobes mucronulate to spine-tipped, generally triangular:

37a Leaflets on young long-shoots lightly pressed against the branches (the middle

leaflet often longer than the lateral leaflets):

38a Keel tapering, almost beak-like; fruit short, ovate 215. A. lenticula

38b Keel strongly upcurved, with truncate apex; fruit triangular-lanceolate

213. A. microphylla

37b Leaflets ascending or patent, not pressed against the branches:

39a Keel tapering towards apex, somewhat beak-like:

40a Wing blades ovate or elliptic, short 214. A. attenuata

40b Wing blades narrowly oblong or very narrowly elliptic

206. (forms of) A . divaricata

39b Keel apex narrow or broad, square or rounded, but not tapering or beak-like:

41a Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, ending in a spinelet (short in A. horizon-

talis and A. brevicarpa; these prostrate or procumbent):

42a Flowers solitary (seldom in pairs) on a long peduncle usually of one

intemode 210. A. serpens

42b Rowers solitary or several together on tips of branches with some

intemodes of about equal length (but sometimes gracile):

43a Fruit ovate, 4,0-6, 2 mm long (shrubs procumbent or prostrate;

montane species) 208. A . brevicarpa

43b Fruit triangular-lanceolate, 6,0-11,5 mm long (shrubs variable;

only A. horizontalis really prostrate; habitat variable):

44a Shrublets prostrate, forming large circular mats (lowland species

on clayey ground) 209. A . horizontalis

44b Shrublets decumbent to erect, not prostrate (montane):

45a Calyx tube glabrous or with sparse appressed hairs; wing blades

very narrowly elliptic 206. A. divaricata

45b Calyx tube with short, spreading hairs; wing blades short, ovate

207 . A . leptocoma

41b Calyx lobes deltoid, with short spinelet or mucro (shrublets not prostrate):

46a Standard up to 7 mm long and keel blades up to 5,2 mm long

212a. A. biflora subsp . biflora

46b Standard blade at least 7,2 mm long and keel blades at least 5,5 mm

long:

3,6: 24

Crotalarieae

47a Fruits 14,5 mm long or more, narrowly lanceolate

212b. A. biflora subsp. longicarpa

47b Fruits ± 12 mm long or less 211 .A. aurantiaca

KEY 19

la Flowers on lateral branchlets each consisting of one long peduncle-like intemode:

2a Leaflets ending in a prickle; calyx lobes ending in spinelets 201 . A. pulicifolia

2b Leaflets and calyx lobes acute to obtuse 185. A. acanthoclada

lb Flowers directly on the thorny branch ends (which represent inflorescence axes) below the thorn tips or on lateral,

non-peduncular branchlets:

3a Standard blade sericeous on central parts of the front (and on back as well) 204. A. secunda

3b Standard blade glabrous on the front:

4a Wing blades only half as long as keel blades or less 201 . A. pulicifolia

4b Wing blades normally considerably more than half as long as keel blades:

5a Wing blades ± 9 mm long or less; keel blades ± 8 mm long or less 202. A. acuminata

5b Wing blades ± 10 mm long or more; keel blades ± 9 mm long or more 203. A. tulbaghensis

KEY 20

la Foliage closely white-pubescent (see also A. albens — no. 187):

2a Flowers (solitary) on long peduncles, subtended at the pedicel base by the bract only (i.e. not by foliage leaves)

183 .A.nivea

2b Flowers not on peduncles or, if so, then subtended at the pedicel base by both bract and some foliage leaves:

3a Standard pubescent only on apical parts of the back; keel with only few hairs 221. A. digitifolia

3b Standard short-pubescent on most or all of the back; keel extensively pubescent on lower parts:

4a Shrub erect, 1 -2 m tall; upper margins of keel not much curved (hairs one-armed) 220. A. pedunculata

4b Shrub decumbent, less than 0,5 m tall; upper margin of keel somewhat convex (hairs two-armed) 224. A. rubens

lb Foliage green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent:

5a Keel extended into an apical, tongue-like process ± 1 ,5—2 mm long (leaflets apiculate) 197 . A. proboscidea

5b Keel without such a process:

6a Flowers mostly in elongate, sometimes few-flowered racemes 205. A. corrudifolia

6b Flowers solitary, in pairs, or in head-like groups:

7a Bracts and bracteoles ± 2 mm long 232. A. empetrifolia

7b Bracts and bracteoles small, ± 1 mm long or less:

8a Calyx lobes linear-subulate; keel blades with somewhat convex upper margins 224. A. rubens

8b Calyx lobes triangular; keel blades with straight or concave upper margins (i.e. upcurved):

9a Wing blades pubescent on most parts; keel with almost straight upper margins 186. A. vermiculata

9b Wing blades pubescent only on the lower parts; keel with distinctly concave (upcurved) upper margins

223. A. pilantha

KEY 21

la Flowers very small: standard blade 3, 2-4, 2 mm long; flowers 2-several in small spikes or head-like racemes

(leaflets green or sparsely grey-pubescent) 187. A. albens

lb Flowers considerably larger; when the standard is less than 5 mm long then flowers solitary:

2a Keel with a marked, tongue-like process from apex:

3a Shrublets erect or ascending; calyx tube glabrous on outer side 1 98 . A . glossoides

3b Shrublets decumbent or procumbent; calyx tube pubescent 197. A. proboscidea

2b Keel without such a process:

4a Calyx tube entirely glabrous on the outer side:

5a Inflorescence on lateral branchlets with one or two peduncle-like intemodes:

6a Leaflets glabrous; keel pubescent on lower parts only 195. A. spinosissima

Crotalarieae

3,6: 25

6b Leaflets (of at least the larger long-shoot leaves) with sparse, spreading hairs; keel pubescent on

most parts 194. A . ulicina

5b Inflorescence on branchlets with moderately long (not peduncle-like) intemodes:

7a Inflorescence with several flowers; keel blades more than 5 mm long; shrubs erect, 1—3 mm tall

190. A. vulnerans

7b Inflorescence with one (or two) flowers; keel blades less than 5 mm long; shrublets up to 0,5 m or less:

8a Wing blades more than 4,3 mm long; keel pubescent on less than half of outer side

195 (b). A. spinosissima (subsp. tenuiflora)

8b Wing blades less than 3,5 mm long; keel pubescent on more than half of outer side 193. A. acifera

4b Calyx tube more or less puberulous on the outer side:

9a Keel tapering, distinctly beak-like 199. A. rostripetala

9b Keel lunate-obtuse:

10a Fruit ovate, about 5,5 mm long or less; leaflets usually more or less incurved, not prickly; shrublets

mat-like 200 . A. leptoptera

10b Fruit differently shaped, more than 6,5 mm long; leaflets straight, patent, prickly; shrublets low, but not

normally prostrate:

11a Fruits rhombic-ovate, thick-walled, hard, slightly inflated, less than half as broad as long; keel

blades usually more than 5 mm long and 2,8 mm broad 144. A. laeta

1 lb Fruits triangular-lanceolate, not very hard, more than half as broad as long; keel blades less than 2,8

mm broad:

12a Branches densely villous and densely leafy; wing blades somewhat pubescent on lower parts

196 . A. aristifolia

12b Branches with rather sparse and short, appressed pubescence; leaflets rather sparsely distributed;

wing blades glabrous or almost glabrous:

13a Leaflets mostly 3-6 mm long; calyx appressedly puberulous 191 . A. cuspidata

13b Leaflets mostly 2,5 mm long or less; calyx tube with patent, short hairs 192. A. stricticlada

3,6: 26

Crotalarieae

Group 1 : Sericeae

Shrubs or shrublets of variable size, decumbent to (usually) erect. Leaves trifoliolate to

unifoliolate, always flat, weak, linear or oblanceolate to obovate or circular, in most species

clothed with white sericeous to puberulous pubescence, rarely (A. tridentata (no. 8), A. rugosa —

no. 14) glabrescent or glabrous. Leaf base rarely with spines or spurs present, then (A. tridentata )

often temate. Inflorescences many- or few-flowered, racemose or spicate to capitate on branch

tips, sometimes one- or few-flowered on peduncle-like branch ends or one-flowered on lateral

short-shoots. Pedicel rather short to obsolete. Bracts and bracteoles always present, well-devel-

oped (often rather large), simple, flat, linear or subfiliform to ovate-orbicular. Bract not accrete to

pedicel base. Calyx non-fleshy, sericeous; lobes flat, subequal, long or short, weak, not spine-

tipped. Petals non-fleshy, yellow, often light yellow or ± pale purple (mauve in A. argyrella — no.

3), not turning black when dry; all petals ± sericeous or tomentose (-villous), their claws free from

the staminal sheath. Standard lacking apical cusp and basal callosities. Wing blades with 3 or more

rows of lunulate folds. Keel blades lunate, not typically rostrate, obtuse, with a more or less

prominent basal pouch. Anthers not particularly long. Pistil with ovule and style base ± sericeous;

ovules 2 — 4( — 5); stigma regular, capitate. Pod usually lanceolate-ovate, not particularly hard,

1- or2-seeded. Chromosome number : 2n- 18.

1. Aspalathus lotoides Thunb., Prodr. 2:

126 (1800); Diss. Bot. Aspalathus 1: 9 (1802);

Willd., Sp. PI. 3: 694 (1803): Thunb., FI. Cap.

edn 2: 575 (1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 142 (1825);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 107 (1862); Adamson &

Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 476 (1950). The name

was used by E. Meyer (Comm. 1: 48, 1836),

Bentham (in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 602,

1848) and others for forms of A. quinquefolia.

Type: 'Aspalathus lotoides' in herbarium Thun-

berg (UPS, lecto. !).

Paraspalathus lotoides (Thunb.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk.

130 (1845). Achyronia lotoides (Thunb.) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Aspalathus heterophylla L.f. subsp.

lotoides (Thunb.) Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 266

(1960); ibid. 9(1): 145 (1963).

Ononis lagopus Thunb., Prodr. 2: 130 (1800); Willd.,

Sp. PI. 3:1012 (1803); Thunb., FI. Cap. edn 2: 588 (1823).

Aspalathus heterophylla L.f. subsp. lagopus (Thunb.)

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 264 ( 1960); ibid. 9(1):

145 ( 1963). Type: ‘Ononis lagopus' in herbarium Thunberg

(UPS, lecto.!).

Aspalathus procumbens E. Mey. in Linnaea 7: 162

(1823); Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 202 (1836); Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 604 (1848). Used by E. Meyer in

Comm. 1: 40 (1836) for A. heterophylla. Paraspalathus

procumbens (E. Mey.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129 (1845).

Type: Cape, Cape Flats at Tigerberg, Bellville Division,

Ecklon (S, lecto.!).

Paraspalathus humifusa Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129, 133

(1845). Type: Cape, northern slopes of Devil’s Peak (‘Duy-

velsberg’), Cape Town Division, Ecklon & Zeyher 1384 (S,

lecto.!; SAM).

Decumbent to procumbent shrublets, not

rising more than 0,15 m above the ground;

branches usually not more than 0,3 m, rarely up

to 0,5 m long. Young branches with white,

half-spreading pubescence. Leaves trifoliolate,

with rather strong differentiation between long-

shoots and short-shoots. Leaflets of long-shoots

on an inconspicuous leaf base, oblanceolate,

4- 12 ( — 15) x 0,6-2 (-3,5) mm, pale green,

densely or sparsely sericeous; short-shoot

leaves smaller, sparsely sericeous. Inflores-

cence an ovate spike, usually not more than 1 ,5

(—2) times as long as broad, 10-40 (—80) mm

long, with (3 — )6 — 1 5( — 25) flowers, situated at

rather short intervals from each other. Bract

narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 3—8 x 0,8—2

(-2,5) mm, weak, sericeous, acute-acuminate.

Pedicel infinitely short. Bracteoles lanceolate,

(2-) 4-7 x 0,5-2, 5 mm. Calyx tube urceo-

late-campanulate, long-sericeous; lobes linear-

triangular, 1,5-3, 5 (-4,5) mm long, tapering,

weak, sericeous, not or only slightly recurved.

Petals pale yellow, the claws c. two-thirds the

length of the blades. Standard blade elliptic,

5- 8 (-10) x 4-6 (—7) mm, obtuse to acute,

sericeous on the back, often with some dark

streaks in the centre. Wing blades narrowly and

obliquely ovate or oblong, 4,5-6 (-7) x

2-3,2 (-3,5) mm, sericeous on the lower two-

thirds, basally with several rows of minute

folds. Keel lunate, 3,2-5 (-5,5) x 1,5-2, 7

Crotalarieae

3,6: 27

(-3) mm, with upper margin slightly S-curved,

sericeous on most parts. Pistil sericeous on

most parts of ovary and on style base; ovules

5-9 (usually 6).

Distributed on the sandy lowlands from the central

parts of the Cape Peninsula northwards along the coastal

parts beyond Langebaan (Hopefield Division). The species

is mainly restricted to marine sand deposits in the coastal

regions except on the Cape Peninsula where it seems to

grow also on sandy hills (Table Mountain Sandstone pro-

ducts?).

It is variable. The forms of the Saldanha Bay region

(Hopefield Division) have conspicuously larger flowers and

broader bracts. They include the type of Ononis lagopus

Thunb. and are here distinguished as a separate subspecies:

subsp. lagopus (Thunb.) Dahlg.

Petals relatively small: standard blade 5-7 x 4-5,5

mm, wing blades 4-6 x 2—2,8 mm; bract

usually less than 2,5 mm broad la. subsp. lotoides

Petals larger: standard blade 7-10 X 6-8 mm, wing

blades 5,5-7 x 3-3,5 mm; bracts of lowest

flowers in the spike 2,5-4 mm broad

lb. subsp. lagopus

A. lotoides is closely allied to A. heterophylla (no. 2),

in which it was included by Dahlgren in Op. bot. Soc. bot.

Lund 4: 255 (1960). It is possible to distinguish the species

rather easily, however.

la. subsp. lotoides.

Treated by Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 266

(1960) as A. heterophylla L.f. subsp. lotoides (Thunb.)

Dahlg. Other synonyms are those enumerated under A. lo-

toides except Ononis lagopus and A. heterophylla subsp.

lagopus (see above).

Follows the above description, but

branches usually less than 0,3 m long. Inflores-

cence generally less than 30 mm long, with

relatively small flowers. Bracts usually 3-7 x

0,8-2 mm. Bracteoles 2-6,5 x 0,5-1 mm.

Calyx lobes 1,5-3 mm long. Standard blade

5—7 x 4—5,5 mm, wing blades 4, 5-5, 5 x

2-2,8 mm, and keel blades 3, 2-4, 2 x

1,5— 2,5 mm. Ovules usually 6. Figure 1: 1 -5.

Comprises the southern and main part of the species,

and is distributed from the Cape Peninsula up to the Darling

region of the Malmesbury Division, occurring only in the

western parts of the Bellville-Malmesbury Division, on ma-

rine sand. Map I.

Vouchers: Bolus 2766, 12656; Compton 16372; Dahl-

gren & Peterson 759; Ecklon & Zeyher 1384, 1385; Galpin

3951; Salter 1756.

lb. subsp. lagopus (Thunb.) Dahlg.,

comb. nov. Type: see above.

Ononis lagopus Thunb., Prodr. 2: 130(1800). A. hetero-

phylla L.f. subsp. lagopus (Thunb.) Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 264 (I960).

Description as for the species, but corre-

sponding to the large measurements within the

variation range. Branches often 0,3-0, 5 m

long; leaflets of upper long-shoot leaves 5-15

x 1,5-3, 5 mm. Inflorescence in an ovate to

elongate spike 15— 30(— 80) mm long. Bracts

(of lowest flowers) 5-8 x (1,5 — )2 — 4 mm;

bracteoles 5-7 X 1-2,5 mm; calyx woolly-

sericeous with lobes 2,5— 4,5 mm. Petals larger

than in subsp. lotoides', standard blade 7— 10 x

5-7 mm; wing blades 5,5-7 x 3—3,5 mm;

keel blades 4-5,5 x2,5-3 mm. Ovules 6—9.

Figure 1:6.

Restricted to flats with marine sand in the Hopefield

Division, mainly the Saldanha Bay region; growing in

coastal fynbos. Map I.

Vouchers: Barker 8073; Dahlgren & Peterson 786;

Lewis 3939; Pillans 6701 ; Salter 3909.

2. Aspalathus heterophylla L.f., Suppl.

321 (1781); Thunb., Prodr. 2: 126 (1800); Diss.

Bot. Aspalathus 1: 10 (1802); Willd. , Sp. PI.

3: 963 (1803); Thunb., FI. Cap. edn 2: 575

(1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 142 (1825). The name

A. heterophylla was incorrectly used for A.

sericea by Meyer (1832, 1936); Ecklon &

Zeyher (1836); Walpers (1839); Bentham

(1848); it was even cited A. heterophylla E.

Mey. non Thunb. by Harvey (1862). See A.

sericea (no. 17). Type: the Aspalathus speci-

men no. 41 in LINN (lecto. !).

Paraspalathus heterophylla (L.f.)Presl, Bot. Bemerk.

129 (1845). Achyronia heterophylla (L.f.)Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 1: 156(1891).

Aspalathus stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 202

(1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 481 (1839); Benth. in Hooker,

Lond. J. Bot. 7: 605 (1848). Aspalathus lotoides Thunb.

var. (y) stachyera (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 108

(1862). Type: Cape, sand near Piketberg, Piketberg Divi-

sion, Ecklon & Zeyher (S, lecto.!; SAM).

Aspalathus procumbens E. Mey. var. ( P) squarrosa

E. Mey., Comm. 1: 40 (1836). Type: Cape, Piketberg at

‘Groenvalei’, Drege (S, lecto.!; G; P).

Aspalathus lotoides Thunb. var. (P) sparsiflora Harv.,

FI. Cap. 2: 108 (1862). Type: the specimen called Aspala-

thus heterophylla in herbarium Thunberg (UPS, lecto.!).

A decumbent or procumbent shrublet with

branches ascending only beneath the floral

spikes; branches up to 0,4 m long but not rising

3,6: 28

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 29

more than 0,15 (-0,2) m above the ground.

Young branches tomentose-sericeous. Leaves

trifoliolate, those of young long-shoots linear or

narrowly (ob-)lanceolate, 7-12 x 0,2-2 mm,

acute or obtuse, flexible, green, sparsely seri-

ceous or glabrescent. Leaves of short-shoots

much smaller, subglabrous, densely situated

(hence the name ‘ heterophylla ’). Inflorescence

a ± sparse spike 40-80 mm long or more, its

flowers at a distance of 5-10 mm. Bract lan-

ceolate, 3-10 x 0,5-3 mm, pointed, weak,

green, with sparse, half-spreading hairs. Pedi-

cel very short. Bracteoles linear or narrowly

lanceolate, as long as the bract but narrower.

Calyx with long, straight hairs (in old herbar-

ium specimens often brownish); lobes linear

(-triangular), (2-) 3,5-7 mm, green, ± re-

curved, with sparse long hairs. Petals light to

clear yellow. Standard blade ovate, 5-7 x

4, 5-5,5 mm, acute, tomentose on the back.

Wing blades oblong, 4—6 x 2-2,5 mm, seri-

ceous on lower-apical parts, with 2-3 rows of

minute folds on upper-basal parts. Keel blades

lunate, 3, 5-4, 5 x 2-2,5 mm, sericeous

(-tomentose), upper margin slightly S-curved.

Pistil pubescent on ovary and style base; ovules

5 or 6. Pod small, ovate, tomentose, slightly

more than 3 x 1,5 mm. Ripe pods not seen.

Figure 1: 7- 10.

Distributed on lowlands, in sandy ( + clay), often red-

dish, soil from the Du Toit’s Kloof region (Worcester Divi-

sion) in the south through the western divisions (Worcester,

Tulbagh, Piketberg, Clanwilliam, Vanrhynsdorp and Cal-

vinia Divisions) to the Nieuwoudtville region in the north,

but absent from the flats with marine sand [where A. lo-

toides (no. 1) occurs). It grows in fynbos vegetation.

Map 1.

Vouchers: Acocks 17489; Bolus 2765, 13541; Dahl-

gren & Peterson 341, 913, 920, 983, 1025, 1194; Ester-

huysen 14100, 14606; Schlechter 10624.

Related to A. lotoides (no. 1) but different in the non-

silvery leaves, the sparser and more elongate spikes, the

recurved calyx lobes and the more intensely yellow petals.

It is not quite clear to which other species these two are

most closely related, although a close affinity with A. tri-

dentata (no. 8) or/4, quinquefolia (no. 4) is possible.

3. Aspalathus argyrella MacOwan in J.

Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 387 (1890); H. Bolus &

Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 14:

252 (1903); Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape

Penins. 475 (1950); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc.

bot. Lund 4: 270 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 145

(1963). Type: Cape, Nieuwe Kloof near Tul-

bagh, Tulbagh Division, MacOwan, Herb.

Norm. Austr. Afr. 567 (BOL, holo.!; BM, K,

PRE, SAM).

A decumbent to prostrate shrublet, some-

times forming small, loose, mats on the ground.

Young branches silky sericeous. Leaves trifo-

liolate; those on branch ends without, those on

more basal parts with axillary short-shoots.

Leaflets of long-shoot leaves flat, linear to

oblanceolate, (3 — )5— 8 x 0,5- 1,5 mm, acute,

weak, silky sericeous but greenish (not as sil-

very as, e.g. A. villosa — no. 9). Inflorescences

capitate, with 3-10 flowers, terminally on

branches or branchlets. Bract flat, oblanceo-

late, 4,5-5 x 1-1,5 mm, flexible, sericeous

on both sides. Pedicel almost non-existent.

Bracteoles similar to the bract, c. 5,5 x 1-1 ,3

mm. Calyx campanulate, sericeous; lobes

triangular, 1 ,5—2,5 mm long, acute, sericeous.

Petals small in relation to calyx, pale scarlet

(‘mauve’), with claws almost as long as blades.

Standard blade obovate, only 2,5-4 x 3-3,5

mm, rounded apically, sparsely tomentose on

most of the back (subglabrous towards the mar-

gins). Wing blades, 3,5-4, 5 x 0,9- 1,2 mm,

linear-oblong, tapering rather than lobulate

above at the base, with c. 3 rows each with a

few minor folds on the basal upper part, gla-

brous or with a few hairs on outer side. Keel

blade lunate, 3-4 X 1,2— 1,5 mm, with

slightly concave upper margin, sericeous on

most of the outside. Pistil with elongate ovary;

this and the style base sericeous on most parts

(glabrous below); ovules 2. Pod partly hidden

in the calyx, narrowly ovate, c. 4,5 x 1 ,5 mm,

pointed, sericeous on most parts. Figure 1:

11-17.

Figure 1. Aspalathus lotoides subsp. lotoides (1-5); A. lotoides subsp. lagopus (6); A. heterophylla (7-10); A.

argyrella (11-17). — 1, 6, 7, 11: branches; 2, 9: bracts; 3, 10: bracteoles (prophylls); 4, 14: wing petals; 5, 15: keel petals;

8, 12: flowers, 8 with bract and prophylls removed; 13: standard; 16: pistil; 17: fruit, in calyx. — 1-5 from Dahlgren &

Peterson 768 ; 6 from Dahlgren & Peterson 786 ; 7-10 from Dahlgren & Peterson 341; 11-16 from Compton 17466 ; 17

from Dahlgren & Peterson 1229. — (1 x2;2-5 x6;6 X2;7 X 1,2; 8-10 x4;ll x3,2; 12x4; 13-17 x8.)

3,6: 30

Crotalarieae

Maps 1-4. — Map 1. Aspalathus lotoides subsp. lotoides (unbroken line); A. lotoides subsp. lagopus (squares);

A. heterophylla (dots); A. acocksii (triangles). — Map 2. A. quinquefolia subsp. virgata (dots). — Map 3. A. quinquefo-

lia subsp. quinquefolia (dots); A. quinquefolia subsp compacta (squares). — Map 4. A. dunsdoniana (dots); A. argy-

rella (squares); A. tridentata subsp. rotunda (triangles).

Crotalarieae

3,6:31

Distribution rather wide, but probably incompletely

known because of the inconspicuous size of the species. It is

common on the Cape Peninsula from the Cape Point Re-

serve to the Muizenberg Mountain and it is known also from

the Hermanus region, Caledon Division, from near Tul-

bagh, Tulbagh Division, the Gydo Pass region, Ceres Divi-

sion, and the southern ends of the Cederberg Mountains,

Clanwilliam Division. The species grows in sand weathered

from Table Mountain Sandstone, in low fynbos vegetation.

In the south it grows at low levels, in the mountains up to

c. 400 m. Map 4.

Vouchers: Bolus 4947; Dahlgren & Peterson 1229;

Hutchinson 1054; Leighton 658; Leipoldt 3207; MacOwan,

Herb. Norm. Austr. Afr. 567; Wolley-Dod 3264.

A very distinct species the closest relatives of which

are uncertain.

4. Aspalathus quinquefolia L., Amoen.

6: 92 (1760); Sp. PI. edn 2: 1002 (1763); Lam.,

Encycl. 1: 290 (1783); Thunb., Prodr. 2: 126

(1800); Diss. Bot. Aspalathus 1: 10 (1802);

Willd. , Sp. PI. 3: 963 (1803); Thunb., FI. Cap.

edn 2: 575 (1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 142 (1825);

Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 202 (1836); Walp. in

Linnaea 13: 503 (1839); Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 235 (I960); ibid. 9 (1): 143

(1963). Type: ‘ Aspalathus quinquefolia’ in her-

barium Linnaeus (S, lecto.!).

Aspalathus virgata Thunb., Prodr. 2: 126 (1800); Diss.

Bot. Aspalathus 1: 10 (1802); Willd., Sp. PI. 3:966(1803);

Thunb., FI. Cap. edn 2: 576 (1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 142

(1825); Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 203 (1836); E. Mey.,

Comm. 1: 41 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 482 (1839);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 603 (1848); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 106 (1862). Paraspalathus virgata (Thunb. )Presl,

Bot. Bemerk. 129 (1845). Achyronia virgata (Thunb.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 158 (1891). Type: Aspalathus vir-

gata, in herbarium Thunberg (UPS, lecto.!).

Aspalathus elongata Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 202

(1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13:481 (1839); Benth. in Hooker,

Lond. J. Bot. 7: 603 (1848; as synonym of A. virgata );

Harv. , FI. Cap. 2: 107 ( 1862); L. Bol. in Ann. Bolus Herb.

1: 187 (1915); Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 476

(1950). Paraspalathus elongata (Eckl. & Zeyh.)Presl, Bot.

Bemerk. 129 (1845). Achyronia elongata (Eckl. &

Zeyh.)Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Type: Cape, Tul-

bagh Valley near ‘Waterfall’, Ecklon & Zevher 1387 (S,

lecto. !;G, K, LD, P, SAM).

Aspalathus ascendens E. Mey., Comm. 1: 41 (1836).

Paraspalathus ascendens (E. Mey.)Presl, Bot. Bemerk.

129 ( i 845). Type: Cape, near Paarl, Paarl Division, Drege

(S, lecto. !; BM, BOL, G, K, P, PRE).

Aspalathus leucocephala E. Mey., Comm. 1: 41 (1836);

Walp. in Linnaea 13: 482 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 7: 602 (1848). Paraspalathus leucocephala (E.

Mey.)Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 130 (1845). Aspalathus virgata

Thunb. var. (y) leucocephala (E. Mey.)Harv., FI. Cap. 2:

107 (1862). Achyronia virgata (Thunb. )Kuntze var. (y)

leucocephala (E. Mey.)Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1. 158 (1891).

Type: Cape, Giftberg, Vanrhynsdorp Division, Drege (S,

lecto.!; BM,G,K,P).

Aspalathus jacobaea E. Mey., Comm. 1: 41 (1836);

Walp. in Linnaea 13: 481 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 7: 603 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 107 (1862). Par-

aspalathus jacobaea (E. Mey.)Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129

(1845). Achyronia jacobaea (E. Mey.)Kuntze, Rev. Gen.

1: 157 (1891). Type: Cape, near Paarl, Paarl Division,

Drege (S, lecto.!; BM, G, K, P).

Aspalathus meyeri Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 106 (1862). Achy-

ronia meyeri (Harv.)Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891).

Type: Cape, Ezelsbank, Cedarberg Mountains, Clanwilliam

Division, Drege (S, lecto. !;G, K, P).

Aspalathus virgata Thunb. var. ((3) globosa Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 603 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 107

(1862). Type: ‘Aspalathus quinquefolia' in herbarium

Thunberg (UPS, lecto.!).

Aspalathus elongata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. densa L. Bol. in

Ann. Bolus Herb. 1: 187 (1915). Type: Cape, Botteliers-

fontein, Albertinia, Riversdale Division, Muir 1142 (BOL,

holo.!; PRE, SAM).

? Aspalathus scholliatui Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 135 (1845).

Probably a synonym of A. quinquefolia or A. lotoides

Thunb. IParaspalathus scolliana (Presl) Presl, Bot.

Bemerk. 129 (1845). Type: not seen.

? Aspalathus strictus Steud., Flora 13: 543 (1830). Type:

not seen.

An erect or sometimes decumbent shrub or

shrublet (0,1 — )0,2— 1,5 m tall, sparingly to

copiously branched, of very variable habit.

Branches generally weak, rarely stiff; young

branches densely short-sericeous or tomentose

(-puberulous). Leaves trifoliolate, on inconspi-

cuous, rarely prominent, pubescent leaf base

cushions. Leaflets flat, oblong or narrowly el-

liptic, (1-) 3-10 x 0,2-3 mm, obtuse to sub-

acute, weak, generally grey- or silvery seri-

ceous but rather often puberulous or glabres-

cent. Inflorescence a terminal spike varying

from dense and compact, nearly head-like, to

sparse and up to almost 100 mm long. Flowers

generally 8-25 (—35), but sometimes fewer or

more numerous. Bract lanceolate or ovate,

2— 11 x 1,5—5 mm, acute, sericeous. Pedicel

generally very short, shorter than 1 mm. Brac-

teoles obovate or oblanceolate to linear, 3-11

mm long. Calyx densely sericeous (pubescence

generally short); lobes 1-4 mm long, weak,

triangular to narrowly triangular, sericeous. Pe-

tals light to bright yellow. Standard blade

3,6: 32

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 33

ovate, 5, 5-8, 5 x 4, 5-7, 5 mm, obtuse-retuse,

short-sericeous on most of the back. Wing

blades narrowly ovate, 5-9 x 3-4 mm, seri-

ceous on lower basal parts, otherwise glabrous;

upper parts with several rows of minute folds.

Keel narrowly lunate, the blades (3,5 — )4 — 6 x

2-4 mm, upper margin slightly S-curved. Pis-

til sericeous on upper half to all the ovary and

on the style base; ovules 2. Pods not seen.

Distributed on sandy lowlands (rarely entering moun-

tains) through a great part of the Cape, including part of the

Cape Peninsula and the Bellville, Somerset West, Caledon,

Bredasdorp, Swellendam, Riversdale, Mossel Bay, Stellen-

bosch, Paarl, Malmesbury, Hopefield, Tulbagh, Worcester,

Piketberg, Clanwilliam and Vanrhynsdorp Divisions. Some

forms grow on marine sand, others on sand weathered from

the sandstone mountains. A. quinquefolia is very variable

and locally subdominant (with subsp. virgata). It is divisi-

ble into three subspecies according to the following key:

la Shrublets decumbent, low; flowers generally fewer

than 13 per spike; spike short, subglobose (leaf-

lets usually green, puberulous to glabrous)

4a. subsp. quinquefolia

lb Shrublets erect or ascending; flowers usually more

than 15 per inflorescence; spike ovate to elongate

(rarely head-like) (leaflets sericeous to glabres-

cent):

2a Leaflets usually green, very sparsely pubescent;

leaves densely arranged on long-shoots, with

prominent leaf base tubercles... 4c. subsp. compacta

2b Leaflets usually silvery sericeous; not so densely

arranged and with inconspicuous leaf base

tubercle 4b. subsp. virgata

4a. subsp. quinquefolia.

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 238

(1960).

Aspalathus (Paraspalathus) jacobaea, see above.

Low, decumbent shrublet, usually less

than 0,2 m tall. Leaflets usually small, 1 —5 mm

long, those on young long-shoots pubescent,

those of long-shoots glabrescent or glabrous;

leaf bases not prominent. Spikes short, subglo-

bose, with 5-13 flowers. Bracts 2—4,5 x

1 ,5—3 mm; bracteoles 2—5 x 1 —2 mm. Calyx

rather long-sericeous; lobes usually 2-3,5 mm

long. Standard about 5, 5-6, 5 x 5, 5-6, 5 mm;

wing blades 5-6 x c. 3 mm; keel blades 4-4,5

x c. 3 mm. Figure 2: 1 .

Distributed mainly on the Cape and Malmesbury Rats

(Bellville, Somerset West, Stellenbosch and Malmesbury

Divisions, with outliers near Porterville, Piketberg Divi-

sion). The habitat is mainly sandy flats, although possibly

also, sometimes, clayey ground. Map 3.

Vouchers; Acocks & Hafstrom 635; Bolus 4266;

Parker 4 106, 4612; Salter 1237, 2690; Wilman 658.

The borderline between this subspecies and both of the

others is not altogether sharp, and some collections are

difficult to classify in either.

4b. subsp. virgata (Thunb.) Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 240 (1960); ibid. 9(1):

143 (1963); in Bot. Notiser 121:518 (1968).

Synonyms: all those enumerated for A. quinquefolia ex-

cept Aspalathus (Achyronia) quinquefolia and Aspalathus

(Paraspalathus) jacobaea; see above.

An erect densely (rarely sparsely)

branched shrub 0,35-1,5 m tall, with rather

short-sericeous or short-tomentose branch ends.

Leaflets of long-shoot leaves 2—5 (—9) x

0,3- 1,5 (-2) mm, leaves of short-shoots

smaller; all leaflets generally grey- or silvery

sericeous, rarely becoming almost glabrous.

Inflorescence ovate to elongate, rarely up to

more than 100 mm long, with (8 — ) 1 5 — 35

flowers, rarely compact and subglobose (but

plants then higher than 0,8 m and silvery seri-

ceous). Bract broadly oblanceolate to ovate or

circular, 5-8 x 4,5— 7,5 mm. Wing blades

6-9 x 3—4 mm. Keel blades 3,5—6 x 2-4

mm. Pod obliquely ovate, 3, 5-4, 5 x 1,5-2

mm, sericeous, one-seeded. Figure 2: 9-13.

Widely distributed, covering the whole of the distribu-

tion area except the Peninsula (substituted by subsp. com-

pacta) and part of the Paarl-Malmesbury Divisions (substi-

tuted by subsp. quinquefolia ), ranging to Gifberg (Van-

rhynsdorp Division) in the north and the Mossel Bay Divi-

sion in the east. The subspecies grows on marine sand both

in the western (Malmesbury-Hopefield) and the southern

Divisions (Swellendam, Riversdale, Mossel Bay) and in

sand in the Hex River Valley (indicating a recent connection

between the above regions) and the Olifants River Valley

Rgure 2. Aspalathus quinquefolia subsp. quinquefolia (1); A. quinquefolia subsp. compacta (2-8); A. quinque-

folia subsp. virgata (9-13); A. acocksii (14). — 1, 2, 9, 10, 13, 14: branch ends with inflorescences; 3; flower; 4, 11:

bracts; 5, 12: bracteoles (prophylls); 6: wing petal; 7: keel petal; 8: ovary. — 1 from Parker 4106; 2-8 from Salter 1874 ; 9

from Dahlgren & Peterson 1128 ; 10-12 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1316 ; 13 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1122 ; 14 from

Dahlgren & Peterson 1038.— (I, 2, 10, 13 x2;3-8, 11, 12 X4;9 X 1,2; 14 X 1,6.)

3,6: 34

Crotalarieae

and sandy regions next to and in basins of the mountains. It

grows in coastal and other fynbos, and is regionally sub-

dominant. Map 2.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 123, 338, 776 , 783,

871, 889, 904, 1313, 1314, 1316, 1431; Ecklon & Zeyher

1387, 1388; Galpin 11091; Muir 65. 1142; Salter 5031;

Schlechter 9114.

Very variable in total size, length of the spike, floral

size, and length of leaves and calyx lobes. Forms with

elongate spikes up to 100 mm (‘A. elongata") occur in the

Breede River Valley (east of Bain’s Kloof), and in the Hex

River Valley but also on the western sand flats and on

marine sand in the Riversdale Division and thus are scat-

tered over the distribution area. Most of these regions are,

however, dominated by forms with ovate spikes with

15-25 flowers. Certain forms with rigid branches, glabres-

cent leaves and few-flowered, sparse and elongate spikes

have been collected in the Malmesbury Division. Forms

with relatively large flowers, sometimes in very compact

spikes (‘A. meyeri ’) slightly approach A. acocksii (no. 5);

they occur mainly in the Clanwilliam Division.

4c. subsp. compacta Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 247 (1960); ibid. 9(1): 143

(1963). Type: Cape, west of Smith’s Farm,

southern part of the Cape Peninsula, Salter

1874 (BOL, holo. !; K, NBG).

None of the synonyms enumerated under A. quinquefolia

refer to this subspecies.

A rather low, ascending shrublet, gene-

rally less than 0,25 m tall, with branches as-

cending from a short thick main stem. Leaves

situated on a relatively prominent leaf base

tubercle. Leaflets of long-shoot leaves oblong-

oblanceolate, ( 1 — )2 — 4 x 0,5- 1,5 mm, rather

thick, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, green. Inflo-

rescence an ovate spike, usually with 10—20

flowers. Bracts, bracteoles and calyx with seri-

ceous (-tomentose) pubescence longer than in

subsp. virgata. Bract narrowly ovate, 4—5 x

1,5-2, 5 mm; bracteoles oblanceolate, c. 5 x

0,5- 1 mm; calyx lobes 2-2,5 mm long. Petals

as for medium-sized subsp. virgata; standard

blade often glabrous on lower half of the back.

Figure 2: 2-8.

Concentrated mainly in the Cape Peninsula, where it

grows on sandy hills and plains, in fynbos vegetation. Some

collections in the Palmiet River area of the Caledon Divi-

sion and near Elim in the Bredasdorp Division are also

referred here. Map 3.

Vouchers: Bolus 4126, 5019, 9342; Bond 794; Galpin

12270; Sailer 1874, 2890, 4081, 6529.

5. Aspalathus acocksii (Dahlg.) Dahlg.

in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 270, 143

(1963). Type: Cape, Pakhuis Pass, Clanwilliam

Division, Acocks 15045 (PRE, holo.!; BOL, K,

LD).

A. quinquefolia L. subsp. acocksii Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 250 ( 1960).

A sparingly branched, erect, rigid shrub up

to c. 1 m tall. Young branches densely and

shortly tomentose. Leaves trifoliolate, on a con-

vex tomentose leaf base tubercle; soon with

axillary short-shoot. Leaflets flat, linear-oblong

(-oblanceolate), rather thick; those of long-

shoot leaves 6—9 x up to c. 1 mm, glabrous,

puberulous or short-sericeous; short-shoot

leaves with smaller, subglabrous leaflets. Inflo-

rescence a compact, ovate to subglobose spike

with about 15—25 flowers; flowers larger than

those of A. quinquefolia (no. 4). Bract obovate

or oblanceolate, 5-11 x (1 — ) 3— 5 mm, taper-

ing-acuminate at apex, sericeous. Pedicel ex-

tremely short. Bracteoles narrowly lanceolate

or linear, 7-10 x 0,5-1 mm, flexible, hairy.

Calyx densely long- and white-sericeous; lobes

linear-subulate, 5,5— 7,5 mm long, weak, seri-

ceous. Petals bright yellow. Standard blade

ovate, 11 — 13 x 11-13 mm, apically rounded,

short-sericeous on the back. Wing petals lunate-

oblong, 11-12,5 x 4-5 mm, subglabrous or

short-sericeous on lower basal fourth or less,

with several rows of minute folds on basal

third. Keel blades lunate, 7-8 x 3—3,5 mm,

with rather prominent basal pouch, sericeous

except along upper margins. Pistil short-seri-

ceous on ovary and style base; ovules 2; stigma

regular-capitate. Pods not seen. Figure 2: 14.

Restricted to mountainous parts in the Clanwilliam and

Vanrhynsdorp Division, growing on sandy or gravelly

ground at moderate altitudes, in fynbos vegetation. Map 1 .

Vouchers: Acocks 15045; Bolus 8980; Dahlgren &

Peterson 1038; Esterhuxsen 21157; Leipoldt 4466, BOL

9383.

Undoubtedly close to A. quinquefolia (no. 4), in which

it was originally included, but different in the larger flowers

and different habitat.

6. Aspalathus dunsdoniana Alston ex

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 184

(1960); ibid. 9 (1): 142 (1963). Type: sine loco

(from the British Empire Exhibition): 'Aspala-

thus dunsdoniana Alston ined.’ (K, holo.!).

Crotalarieae

3,6: 35

An erect, branched shrub, 1-2 m tall,

with white-lanate branch ends. Leaves trifolio-

late, those on long-shoots with axillary short-

shoots developed at an early stage. Leaflets (of

long-shoot leaves) very narrowly elliptic, lan-

ceolate or oblanceolate, tapering at both ends,

(10 — )15 — 20 x 3-7 mm, acute, weak, soft,

long- and white-sericeous. Inflorescence a ter-

minal head of 10—25 flowers. Bract flat, lin-

ear, 9- 1 1 mm (including the long hairs up to

15 mm) long, c. 1,5 mm broad or less, weak,

covered with very long, white hairs. Pedicel c.

1 mm long or less, long-sericeous. Bracteoles

linear or subfiliform, 8-9 mm long, 1 mm

broad, long-sericeous. Calyx very long-seri-

ceous all over; lobes linear, 3-5,5 mm long,

tapering, weak. Petals light yellow with rather

long claws. Standard blade elliptic, c. 8-8,5 x

6,5—7 mm, obtuse, densely long-sericeous on

the back. Wing blades oblong to very narrowly

elliptic, 8,5-9 x 3-3,5 mm, long-sericeous

on most parts; the base with some rows of indis-

tinct small folds. Keel blades lunate. 5-6 x c.

3 mm, with slightly concave upper margin,

long-sericeous on the lower apical parts. Pistil

long-sericeous on ovary and style base; ovules

2; style regular, capitate. Pod ovate, convex, c.

6x3 mm, sericeous, one-seeded. Figure 3:

1-5.

Distributed in the westernmost parts of the Caledon

Division, in the Hottentots Holland, Kogelberg and Palmiet

River Mountains as far east as Klein River. It grows in

moist kloofs at altitudes of c. 500-750 m. Map 4.

Vouchers: Esterhu\sen 13687: Stokoe 432. 1321.

7374. 8973. 9595.

This species and A. salicifolia (no. 7), which are

obviously closely related to each other, in spite of the differ-

ent habit, may be most closely allied to A. aspalathoides

(no. 35).

7. Aspalathus salicifolia Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 187 (1960); ibid. 9(1):

142 (1963). Type: Cape, French Hoek Peak,

steep southern slopes at c. 1 000 m, Paarl Divi-

sion, Esterhuysen 22932 (BOL, holo.!).

An erect or ascending, branched shrub or

shrublet 0,4- 1 m tall. Young branches densely

white-woolly. Leaves trifoliolate; axillary

short-shoots soon developed in their axils. Leaf-

lets oblanceolate (4— )8,5 x (2— )3 — 5 mm,

soft, flexible, acute (-acuminate), grey-seri-

ceous or partly tomentose (pubescence shorter

than in A. dunsdoniana — no. 6). Inflorescence a

head of 4 - 15 (-20) flowers, partly surrounded

by the uppermost leaves. Bract linear, 6-7 x

0,5- 1,5 mm, weak, sericeous. Pedicel very

short. Bracteoles similar to the bract, 5— 6 x <

0,5 mm. Calyx tubular, with tube c. 5 mm long,

tomentose to sericeous; lobes narrowly triangu-

lar, 2-3 mm long, weak, sericeous. Petals

light yellow. Standard blade circular, 5,5—7 x

6, 5-7, 5 mm, obtuse, sericeous on the back.

Wing blades narrowly triangular-ovate, 5,5—7

x 3-3,5 mm, sericeous on most parts, with

some rows of minute folds on basal third. Keel

blades lunate, 4—4,5 x 2,5-3 mm, with al-

most straight upper margin, sericeous on lower

half. Pistil sericeous on ovary and basal parts of

style; ovules 3-5. Pods not seen. Figure 3:

6-12.

Restricted to mountains between Sir Lowry’s Pass

(Somerset West Division) and the French Hoek Valley

(Paarl Division), growing mainly on mountain slopes at

fairly high altitudes: 800- 1 000 m or more. Map 7.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 14367, 22932; Stokoe 7032,

SAM 61853. BOL 17847.

Obviously closely allied to A. dunsdoniana (no. 6) but

smaller in all parts and with shorter pubescence.

8. Aspalathus tridentata L., Sp. PI. edn

1: 712 (1753); Sp. PI. edn 2: 1002 (1763);

Lam., Encycl. 1: 292 (1783); Thunb., Prodr. 2:

126 (1800); Diss. Bot. Aspalathus 1: 9 (1802);

Willd., Sp. PI. 3: 964 (1803); Thunb., FI. Cap.

edn 2: 575 (1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 142 (1825);

E. Mey. in Linnaea 7: 162 (1832); Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 606 (1848); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 108 (1862); Adamson & Salter, FI.

Cape Penins. 475 (1950); Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 213 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 144

(1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 518 (1968). Type:

‘ Aspalathus tridentata’ in herbarium Thunberg

(UPS, neo.!).

Achyronia tridentata (L.)Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157

(1891).

Aspalathus staurantha Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 202

(1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 503 ( 1839); Benth. in Hooker,

Lond. J. Bot. 7: 607 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 109 (1862).

Type: Cape, ’Zwartland’, Malmesbury Division, Ecklon &

Zeyher 1383 (S, lecto. !; P, SAM).

3,6: 36

Crotalarieae

FIGURE 3. Aspalathus dunsdoniana (1-5); A. salicifolia (6—12). — 1, 6: branch ends with inflorescences; 2, 7:

flowers; 3, 8: bracts; 4, 9: bracteoles (prophylls); 5: fruit; 10: wing petal; 11: keel petal; 12: pistil. — 1-4 from Esterhuysen

13687,5 from Stokoe, SAM 52193\ 6-12 from Esterhuysen 22932. — (1 x2; 2-4 x3,2; 5 x6,5; 6 x2,5; 7-12 x4.)

Crotalarieae

3,6: 37

Aspalathus argentea L. var. (P) glabriuscula E. Mey.,

Comm. 1: 43 (1836); Meisn. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 70

(1843). Type: Cape, Giftberg, Vanrhynsdorp Division,

Drege (S, lecto. !; G, K, P).

? Aspalathus pilosa L., Mant. 262 ( 1767) and Par aspala-

thus pilosa (L.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129 (1845) are nomina

dubia, which possibly referred to A. tridentata L. There is

no specimen in any of the Linnaean collections with this

name; nor is there a general consensus on their identity.

An erect or ascending-spreading shrub or

shrublet of variable size and habit, generally

0, 3-0,9 m tall, moderately branched. Young

branches usually sericeous or tomentose, some-

times sparingly so to glabrescent. Leaves tri-

foliolate; those on long-shoots on an inconspi-

cuous leaf base or often at the base of an either

simple or temate woody, glabrous spur or spine

1-5 mm long. Leaflets linear or oblanceolate,

those of long-shoot leaves generally 3-25 x

0,5—5 mm, acute, acuminate or obtuse, weak

and flexible, from glabrous or sparsely seri-

ceous to densely silvery sericeous, with indis-

tinct veins. Inflorescence a terminal group or

head of 2-12 or more flowers, radiating from

± the same point, subtended by an involucre

formed by the bracts of the flowers. Bract lan-

ceolate to ovate, very variable in size, 4-11 x

(1,8—) 2,5—7 mm, acute-acuminate, weak, ±

sericeous, pale on basal and central parts,

sometimes recurved. Pedicel lacking. Brac-

teoles linear or lanceolate, 4—12 x 0,2— 1,5.

Calyx narrowly campanulate, pale, sericeous;

lobes very narrowly triangular to linear, 3-9

mm long, weak, ± sericeous, sometimes re-

curved. Petals pale or light yellow, sometimes

with dark streaks on standard centre, ± seri-

ceous on back (or outer side), the claws c. half

as long as the blades or less. Standard blade

ovate, acute, 9—13 x 3,5— 6,5 mm, sericeous

on most of the back and in some forms also on

the marginal parts of the front. Wing blades

elongate, 9-13 x 2, 5-3, 5 mm, with straight

or slightly concave upper margin, sericeous on

most parts. Pistil sericeous on ovary and style

base; ovules (4—) 6. Ripe pods not seen.

Distributed in the western divisions of the Cape from

the Bredasdorp and Caledon Divisions and the Cape Penin-

sula in the south northwards both on the lowlands and on

mountains to the Vanrhynsdorp and Calvinia Divisions in

the north, but not far beyond Swellendam in the south-east

and not beyond the Calvinia region in the north-east.

The species occurs in a variety of habitats such as

clayey lowlands and sandy and rocky slopes (Table Moun-

tain Sandstone) in the mountains, etc. and is so variable that

a division into at least four subspecies is justified,

la Shrublets with weak, slender branches ascending

from a low, decumbent stem; bracts narrowly

lanceolate to linear (leaves always silky seri-

ceous; leaf base spines always missing; ovules

3-4) 8d. subsp .fragilis

lb Shrubs or shrublets with rigid, straight (though

often slender) branches, ± erect; bracts of peri-

pheral flowers lanceolate to ovate:

2a Bracts generally shorter than 4,5 mm; outer

bracts ovate (often ± recurved); inflorescences

with 5 flowers or less; ovules always 6 (leaf

base spines present) 8b. subsp. staurantha

2b Bracts generally longer than 5 mm; outer bracts

lanceolate to ovate; inflorescences usually

with 5 flowers or more; ovules 5-6:

3a Ovary usually 5-ovuled; leaves silvery seri-

ceous; front of standard pale yellow with

dark streaks, often ± puberulous (leaf base

spines always lacking) 8c. subsp. rotunda

3b Ovary 6-ovuled; leaves green, or rarely grey-

sericeous; front of standard light to bright

yellow, glabrous also near the margins (leaf

base spines common) 8a. subsp. tridentata

8a. subsp. tridentata.

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 217

(1960); in Bot. Notiser 121: 518 (1968).

Variable, generally comprising erect

shrublets or shrubs up to c. 0,7 m tall. Simple

or temate leaf base spines often present and up

to 4 mm long. Leaflets linear or lanceolate, up

to 10 mm long or more, long-shoot leaves often

sericeous, rarely glabrous. Inflorescences

usually with 5-15 flowers. Bracts of peripheral

flowers usually 7-12 x 2—6 mm, lanceolate to

ovate. Calyx lobes usually 4-10 mm long.

Petals light to clear yellow, usually somewhat

larger than in subsp. staurantha. Standard vari-

able in size, glabrous on front. Ovules normally

6. Figure 4: 1-7.

The subspecies includes a series of populations ranging

from near Elim and Potberg in the Bredasdorp Division and

on the Cape Peninsula through the whole range of the

species in the western divisions but not beyond the Rivier-

sonderend Mountains in the east. Generally, at least, this

subspecies grows on sandy ground weathered from Table

Mountain Sandstone, in a sclerophyll community, at alti-

tudes of 800 m or less. It approaches subsp. rotunda in

appearance in populations in the Clanwilliam Division and a

distinction between the two subspecies may be arbitrary in

some regions (e.g. in the Algeria Valley, Cederberg Moun-

tains). Map 5.

3,6: 38

Crotalarieae

Maps 5—8. — Map 5. Aspalathus tridentata subsp. tridentata (dots). — Map 6. A. tridentata subsp. staurantha

(dots); A. tridentata subsp. fragilis (squares). — Map 7. A. villosa (dots); A. salicifolia (squares); A. comptonii (trian-

gles).— Map 8. A. bodkinii (squares); A. bidouwensis (rhomboid); A. linearifolia (dots).

Crotalarieae

3,6: 39

Vouchers: Acocks 15046; Bodkin, BOL 7521 ; Dahl-

gren & Peterson 946, 956, 995, 999, 1017; Galpin 11133;

Leipoldt 3756; Salter 2891 ; Wolley-Dod 470.

Variation is great and may justify further subdivision.

The variation concerns size, pubescence, presence or ab-

sence of leaf base spur(s), number and size of flowers, size

and shape of bracts, colour of petals, etc. The local forms

are sometimes so characteristic that their provenience can

be seen without a label.

8b. subsp. staurantha ( Eckl . & Zeyh.)

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 225

(1960). Based on Aspalathus staurantha Eckl.

& Zeyh.; see above.

Erect, branched shrub, with rigid, spread-

ing branches. Leaf bases generally with a

simple or temate spur or spine. Leaflets gener-

ally small, c. 3 mm long or more, green and

glabrescent to grey and sericeous. Inflorescence

generally with 2—5 (—6) flowers. Bract (of

outer flowers) narrowly ovate or broadly lan-

ceolate, 3-4 (—5) x 1-2,5 mm. Calyx lobes

generally only 3—5 mm long, ± recurved.

Petals pale yellow. Standard blade narrowly

ovate, 9—11 x 4-6 mm, sericeous on the back

only. Wing blades 8-10 x c. 3 mm; keel

blades 5,5— 6,5 x c. 3 mm. Ovules 6. Figure 4:

8 & 9.

Concentrated mainly on lowlands and lower mountain

slopes in the divisions between Somerset West and Tulbagh

(including the Bellville, Somerset West, Stellenbosch,

Caledon, Swellendam, Paarl, Worcester, Malmesbury,

Piketberg, Tulbagh and Ceres Divisions). This subspecies

at least quite often grows on clayey soils of the Malmesbury

Beds or weathered from shales of Bokkeveld Series rocks.

It occurs in a mixed renosterbos-fynbos scrub community.

Map 6.

Vouchers: Barker 4849; Dahlgren & Peterson 674,

931; Dahlgren & Strid 2377, 3949, 4969; Esterhuysen

16206; Parker 4 142; Schlechter 10637; Smith 4861 .

8c. subsp. rotunda Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 228 (1960). Type: Cape,

Grey’s Pass, Olifants River Mountains, Clan-

william Division, Dahlgren & Peterson 925

(LD, holo.!).

Erect or spreading, sparingly branched

shrub up to nearly 1 m tall, with straight

branches. Young branches sericeous. Leaf base

spurs lacking. Leaflets of long-shoot leaves ob-

lanceolate, 6—10 mm long or longer, more or

less silvery sericeous. Inflorescence a globose

head of 8-25 flowers. Bracts usually c. 10 mm

long and 1,5—4 mm broad, sericeous. Calyx

lobes up to c. 5 mm long. Petals pale yellow,

relatively large, the front of the standard often

with dark streaks on the centre and often with

short adpressed hairs at least on marginal parts

of the front. Wing blades 11 — 13 x 3,5-4 mm

and keel blades 8-9 x c. 4 mm. Ovules usually

5. Figure 4: 10.

Restricted to mountains in the Clanwilliam Division:

Olifants River and Cederberg Mountains, where it grows on

rocky and gravelly slopes (Table Mountain Sandstone

rock). Map 4.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 925 , 932, 937; Ester-

hu\sen 17925; Leipoldt 3212, 3393; Pillans 9053; Thode

A 1989, A 2152.

This subspecies is not quite distinct (see under subsp.

tridentata).

8d. subsp. fragilis Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc.

bot. Lund 4: 232 (1960); in Bot. Notiser 121:

518 (1968). Type: Cape, mountain pass in the

Cederberg Mountains east of Citrusdal, Clan-

william Division, Dahlgren & Peterson 1008

(LD, holo.!).

With decumbent to spreading, low, weak

and slender branches; not ascending more than

c. 0,2 m above ground. Leaf base spurs lack-

ing. Leaflets linear-oblanceolate, those of

leaves on young long-shoots generally 4 — 10 x

0,6— 1,2 mm, silky sericeous. Inflorescence

consisting of 3-5 (-7) flowers. Bracts small,

5-8 x 1-2 mm. Calyx lobes narrowly triangu-

lar, tapering, 3—4 mm long. Petals light (to

pale) yellow. Standard blade narrowly ovate,

9-11 x c. 6 mm, acute, front often with some

dark streaks, and marginal parts often sparsely

puberulous (as in subsp. rotunda .) Wing blades

c. 11 x 2,7 mm and keel blades 8-9 x c. 4

mm. Ovules (3)4. Figure 4: 11-13.

Restricted to the southern parts of the Cederberg

Range, in the Elandskloof region, growing at moderate alti-

tude in sandy and rocky habitats (Table Mountain

Sandstone rock) in mountain fynbos. Map 6.

Vouchers: Bond 621; Dahlgren <6 Peterson 1008;

Esterhuysen 3411, 13119; Leipoldt 3213.

This is obviously closely allied to subsp. rotunda but

smaller and more slender, appearing in some respects to

approach A. villosa (no. 9).

9. Aspalathus villosa Thunb., Prodr. 2:

125(1800); Diss. Bot. Aspalathus 1: 8 (1802);

Thunb., FI. Cap. edn 2: 574 (1823); Walp. in

3,6: 40

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6:41

Linnaea 13: 483 (1839); Benth. in Hooker,

Lond. J. Bot. 7: 601 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2:

106 (1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund

4: 301 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 144 (1963); Willde-

now in Sp. PI. 3: 964 (1803) and De Candolle

in Prodr. 2: 142 (1825) treated the species as a

synonym of A. pilosa L. nom. dub. (the identity

of this is uncertain). Type of A. villosa: in her-

barium Thunberg (UPS, lecto.!).

Paraspalathus villosa (Thunb.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129

(1845). Achyronia villosa (Thunb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:

158(1891).

A slender, small shrublet with decumbent

or procumbent (rarely half-ascending) branches

0,1 -0,4 m long; inflorescences only a little

above the ground. Young branches sparsely to

densely sericeous. Leaves trifoliolate, on an

inconspicuous leaf base, soon with axillary

short-shoots. Leaflets oblanceolate or broadly

linear, 3—8 x 0,5-1 mm, weak, acute (or sub-

obtuse), silvery sericeous. Inflorescence of

1—4 sessile flowers in a terminal group. Bract

oblanceolate, 2—3,5 x c. 1 mm, convex, sil-

very sericeous. Bracteoles linear, c. 4,5 x 0,5

mm, sericeous. Calyx tube narrow, sericeous,

lobes oblong-oblanceolate, 2-3 mm long

(longer than the tube), obtuse or subacute, sil-

very sericeous. Petals light (lemon) yellow,

later partly reddish. Standard blade narrowly

ovate, c. 8 x 4,5 mm, sericeous on the back.

Wing blades oblong, broadest in apical half,

5-6 x 1,5—2 mm, sericeous on lower third,

with several rows of minute folds on basal up-

per third. Keel narrowly lunate, c. 6 x 2-2,5

mm, hairy on lower half. Pistil sericeous on

ovary and basal half of style; ovules 2. Pod

triangular to obliquely lanceolate, c. 7 x 2,5

mm, smooth, sericeous. Figure 5: 1—9.

Distributed in the mountains from the Ceres region to

the Clanwilliam region, in the Ceres, Tulbagh, Piketberg

and Clanwilliam Divisions. The habitat is white sand

or sandstone gravel weathered from Table Mountain

Sandstone in sand basins, ‘vlakte’ or on mountain slopes at

altitudes usually less than 1 000 m. The association is fyn-

bos with restionaceous elements. Map 7.

Vouchers: Bolus 1041; Dahlgren & Peterson 897,

1112; Esterhuysen 7463, 13450, 16223; Schlechter 9977,

10062.

Closely allied to A. bodkinii (no. 10), but possibly also

to A. tridentata subsp .fragilis (no. 8d).

10. Aspalathus bodkinii H. Bol. in J.

Bot., Lond. 34: 19 (1896); Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 304 (1960); ibid. 9(1): 144

(1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 519 (1968). Type:

Cape, Skurftebergen near Gydouw, Ceres Divi-

sion, Bodkin, BOL 7574 (BOL, holo.!).

A prostrate little shrublet, densely

branched, and more or less matted on the

(sandy) ground. Basal main branches occasion-

ally up to more than 10 mm thick, but finest

branches slender and sometimes with some

long, peduncle-like internodes, covered with

white-sericeous pubescence. Leaves trifolio-

late, those on long-shoots soon with axillary

short-shoot, and leaflets therefore appearing in

fascicles. Leaflets elliptic-oblong (-circular),

(0,5—) 1 — 2( — 5,5) x 0,2-2, 2 mm, usually

densely silvery sericeous, rarely green and spar-

sely hairy. Inflorescence generally unifloral,

consisting of a single flower situated in the axil

of its bract. A lateral quick-growing branchlet

often developed in the axil of the uppermost

(trifoliolate) leaf forming a sympodium. Bract

ovate (-circular), 2-3,5 x 1—3,5 mm, acute,

sericeous. Pedicel very short. Bracteoles oblan-

ceolate, 1,5-3 x less than 1 mm, sericeous.

Calyx campanulate, sericeous; lobes shorter

than the tube, broadly ovate-rounded, 1,5-3 x

1— 2,5 mm, obtuse or subacute, sericeous. Pe-

tals light yellow. Standard blade elliptic, 5—8

x 3,5-6 mm, obtuse, short-sericeous on the

back. Wing blade linear-oblong, 5, 5-7, 5 x

2— 3 mm, sericeous on lower half or less, with

some rows of minute folds on the basal third.

Keel blades lunate, 4-5,5 x 2—2,5 mm, al-

most completely sericeous. Pistil sericeous on

ovary and style base; ovules 2. Pod ± enclosed

in the calyx, triangular-ovate, c. 5 x 2,5 mm,

silvery sericeous, probably indehiscent. Figure

5: 10-20.

Figure 4. Aspalathus tridentata subsp. tridentata (1-7); A. tridentata subsp. staurantha (8, 9); A. tridentata

subsp. rotunda (10); A. tridentata subsp. fragilis (11-13). — 1, 7, 8, 10, 11: branch ends with inflorescences; 2, 9, 12:

bracts; 3, 13: bracteoles (prophylls); 4: standard; 5: wing; 6: keel. — 1-6 from Dahlgren & Peterson 960 ; 7 from Dahlgren

& Peterson 995; 8, 9 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1193; 10 from Dahlgren & Peterson 925; 11-13 from Dahlgren &

Peterson 1008. — (1, 7, 10, 11 X2; 2-6, 9 x3,2; 8, 12, 13 x2,4.)

3,6:42

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 43

A mountain summit species distributed over a com-

paratively large area in the Worcester, Ceres, Tulbagh,

Piketberg and Clanwilliam Divisions, but almost restricted

to the uppermost slopes of the mountains, at (800- )

1 100- 1 550 m. It grows in sand (? or in clay) on wind-

swept summit slopes. Map 8.

Vouchers: Compton 16726; Dahlgren & Strid 4486;

Esterhuysen 1511, 7503, 8310, 9828, 9919, 14900, 15112,

16154, 18116, 18193, 20956, 22583; Marloth 2278, 2373;

Stokoe 7309.

Closely allied to both A. villosa (no. 9) and A. comp-

tonii (no. 1 1).

11. Aspalathus comptonii Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 309 (1960); ibid. 9(1):

144 (1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 519 (1968).

Type: Cape, Middleberg Plateau, Cederberg

Mountains, Clanwilliam Division, Esterhuysen

7240 (BOL, holo. !; K).

A prostrate or procumbent shrublet, almost

mat-like in the centre; main stem up to 5 mm

thick; distal parts of branches rather slender,

with spreading hairs; intemodes below the in-

florescences peduncular, up to 10 mm long or

more. Leaves trifoliolate, those of young

branches rather large; soon with lateral short-

shoots. Leaflets of long-shoot leaves oblanceo-

late, 5—10 x 1—2 mm, obtuse, green, weak,

without distinct veins, in young stage tomen-

tose but glabrescent, and ultimately yellowish

green. Short-shoot leaves smaller, smaller than

5 x 1 mm, tomentose. Inflorescence a pedun-

culate terminal spike (see above) with 2-4

flowers; the lowest flowers separated by an in-

temode of c. 5 mm (flowering stage). Bract

narrowly ovate or obovate, 3-4 x 1-1,5 mm,

acuminate, pubescent on both sides. Pedicel

extremely short. Bracteoles oblanceolate, c. 3

x 0,8-1 mm, acuminate, pubescent. Calyx

openly campanulate, sericeous; lobes longer

than the tube, narrowly ovate, 2,5—3 x c. 1,2

mm, acute, green, sericeous. Petals light yel-

low. Standard blade obovate, c. 8 x 6,5 mm,

sericeous on the back. Wing blades oblanceo-

late, c. 7 x 2 mm, apically rounded; basally

with 1 (—2) longitudinal row(s) of minute folds;

sericeous on lower and apical parts. Keel blades

narrowly lunate, c.6 x 2,5 mm, with slightly S-

curved upper margin, almost totally sericeous.

Pistil pubescent on ovary and style base; ovules

2. Pods not seen. Figure 5: 21 —23.

Restricted to the Middleberg, most collections being

from the ‘Middleberg Plateau’. The soil and vegetation con-

ditions are incompletely recorded. Map 7.

Vouchers: Compton 12586; Dahlgren & Strid 4285;

Esterhuysen 7240; Stokoe SAM 55920.

Distinct by the green foliage, larger petals and spicate

inflorescence. The shoot system and inflorescence agree

with that of A. lanata (no. 55) and A. latifolia (no. 56), but

the habit and floral details with A. bodkinii (no. 10).

12. Aspalathus bidouwensis Garab. ex

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 176

(1960); ibid. 9 (1): 151 (1963). Type: Cape,

Bidouw, Clanwilliam Division, Compton 4750

(NBG, holo.!).

An erect or ascending shrub or shrublet,

0,3— 0,6 (?) m tall, fairly densely branched.

Young branches with spreading, white woolly

pubescence. Leaves trifoliolate; those on branch

ends with short-shoots not yet developed. Leaf-

lets flat, oblanceolate or linear, 10-20 x

2,5— 4,5 mm, acute, soft and flexible, com-

pletely and densely covered with white, lanate

pubescence; with 1—3 distinguishable veins.

Inflorescence a terminal, 2-5-flowered head.

Bract lanceolate, 8-10 x 2,5—3 mm, flat,

weak, with long, tapering apex, densely white-

hairy. Pedicel c. 1 — 1,5 mm, white-hairy.

Bracteoles similar to the bract, 6-8 x 1-2

mm. Calyx densely and completely white-

woolly or silky; lobes linear, 10—13 x 2,5—

3,2 mm, weak, acute. Petals light yellow.

Standard blade orbicular, broader than long,

12-14 x 14— 16 mm, rounded, densely white-

tomentose(-sericeous) on the back. Wing blades

oblong or narrowly obovate, c. 9 x 4,5 mm,

widened and rounded apically, white-hairy on

FIGURE 5. Aspalathus villosa (1-9); A. bodkinii (10-20); A. comptonii (21-23). — 1, 10, 19, 21: branchlets with

inflorescences; 20: part of branch with lateral branchlets; 2: flower; 11: flower and lateral shoot (in axil of uppermost

trifoliolate leaf); 3, 12: bracts; 4, 13: bracteoles (prophylls); 5, 14: standard petals, front view; 6, 15, 22: wing petals; 7, 16,

23: keels; 8, 17: pistils; 9, 18: fruits. — 1—9 from Dahlgren & Peterson 897; 10—17 from Esterhuysen 18193; 18 from

Dahlgren & Peterson 1270; 19, 20 from Esterhuysen 7503; 21-23 from Esterhuysen 7240. — (1, 10, 19, 20 X 2; 21 x2,4;

2-9,11-18,22,23 x 4.)

3,6:44

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 45

the apical lower third or less; the base with 3-4

rows of minute folds. Keel blades lunate, 8-9

x c. 5 mm, slightly upcurved, glabrous on

most parts but apically white-puberulous. Pistil

densely pubescent on ovary and basal half of the

style; ovules 4. Pods not seen. Figure 6: 1 & 2.

A regionally very restricted species, hitherto known

only from near Bidouw, which is a rather dry mountain east

of the northern end of the Cederberg range. The habitat is

not adequately known. Map 8.

Vouchers: Compton 4750; Salter 5057.

Obviously closely related to A. linearifolia (no. 13)

and possibly to A . incana (no. 15).

13. Aspalathus linearifolia (Burnt, f.)

DC., Prodr. 2: 142 (1825); E. Mey. in Linnaea

7: 162 [1832; as a synonym of Aspalathus lini-

folius (L.) E. Mey.]; Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2:

199 (1836); E. Mey., Comm. 2: 40 (1836);

Walp. in Linnaea 13: 481 (1839); Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 599 (1848); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 105(1862). Type: ‘Aster linarifolius’ in

herbarium Burman (G, lecto.).

Aster lin(e)arifolius Burm. f.. Prodr. FI. Cap. 27 (1768).

Trineuria lin(e)arifolia (Burm.f.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 131

(1845). Achyronia lin(e)arifolia (Burm f.) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Aspalathus rugosa Thunb. subsp.

lin(e)arifolia (Burm. f.) Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund

4: 165, 172 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 151 (1963). Notes: the

original spelling Tinarifolia’ could be interpreted either as

linariifolia (i.e. leaves like Linaria ) or (wrongly spelled) as

linearifolia (i.e. with linear leaves). The latter spelling,

adopted by De Candolle (1825) has been generally used

since. De Candolle is generally cited as the author of the

species without mention of Burman, but he cited Burman

explicitly, and, like Meyer (1836), mentioned Aster linari-

folius as a synonym.

? Anthyllis linifolia L., Mant. 265 (1767), nomen du-

bium. See Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 165 ( 1960),

and Aspalathus linifolius (L.) E. Mey. in Linnaea 7: 162

(1832), based on Anthyllis linifolia, might prove to be con-

specific with this species, but the latter epithet cannot be

used, since A. linifolia Steud. (1830) would be an earlier

homonym of it.

An erect shrub 0,9—2 m tall, much

branched and sometimes with wide circum-

ference. Young branches covered with white

villous-tomentose pubescence. Leaves trifo-

liolate. Leaflets (of long-shoot leaves) linear or

linear-oblanceolate, 15-40 x 2-5 mm, weak

and soft, acute-acuminate, short and white-seri-

ceous when young, becoming ± glabrous and

green. Inflorescence a terminal group or head

(not a raceme) with 3-10 flowers radiating

from almost one point. Bract lanceolate,

(4 — )8 — 15 x 1—3 mm (those of peripheral

flowers largest), weak, acuminate, ± white-

sericeous. Pedicel 1-2 mm long, white-seri-

ceous. Bracteoles lanceolate, 4- 10 x 0,5 — 1 ,5

mm. Calyx covered with dense, white silky

sericeous pubescence longer than in A. rugosa

(no. 14); lobes linear, 5,5-10 x 1,5-2 mm,

acuminate, weak and soft. Petals light yellow.

Standard blade orbicular, 9,5—12 x 9,5-13

mm, sericeous on most of the back (glabrous on

basal marginal parts). Wing blades oblong,

8-11 x 2, 5-4, 5 mm, sericeous on lower

parts, basally with c. 4 rows of minute folds.

Keel blade lunate, 7, 5-9, 5 x 3, 2-4, 8 mm,

with ± straight upper margin, sericeous on the

lower half. Pistil sericeous on the ovary and

basal half of style; ovules 4. Pod narrowly and

obliquely ovate, c. 12 x 4,5 mm, densely seri-

ceous. Figure 6: 3-5.

Distribution concentrated mainly in the region in and

around the French Hoek Valley and the region in and west

of the Tulbagh Kloof, in the Paarl, Tulbagh and Malmes-

bury Divisions. It is restricted to flats and low hillsides,

growing on sandy soils in fynbos vegetation, at present

often on ground disturbed by plantation and introduced

plants. The species is in severe need of protection. Map 8.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 793. 1065, 1073,

1078, 1187; Ecklon & Zeyher 1370; Salter 1797, 5004;

Schlechter 9030.

The species is closely related to A. rugosa (no. 14),

with which it intergrades and probably hybridizes. It is also

very similar to A. bidouwensis ( no. 12).

14. Aspalathus rugosa Thunb., Prodr. 2:

125 (1800); Diss. Bot. Aspalathus 7 (1802);

Willd. , Sp. PI. 3: 967 (1803); Thunb., FI. Cap.

edn 2: 574 (1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 143 (1825);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 600 (1848);

Figure 6. Aspalathus bidouwensis (1, 2); A. linearifolia (3-5); A. rugosa (6-13); A. incana (14-16). — 1, 3, 6:

branch ends with inflorescences; 2, 5, 7: flowers; 4, 8: bracts; 9, 15: bracteoles (prophylls); 10: wing petal; 11: keel; 12:

pistil; 13, 16: fruits enclosed in calyx; 14: branchlet tip. — 1,2 from Compton 4750 ; 3-5 from Dahlgren & Peterson 793;

6-12 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1253; 13 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1732; 14-16 from Esterhuysen 18532. — (1,3, 14

X2;2 x3;4-6, 13, 15, 16 x3,2;7-12 x4.)

3,6: 46

Crotalarieae

Maps 9-13. — Map 9. Aspalathus sericea (unbroken line); A. aemula (triangles; deviating forms: asterisks);

A. radiata subsp. radiata (squares). — Map 10. A. ramulosa (rhomboids); A. altissima (triangles). — Map 11. A. inter-

vallaris (triangles); A. singuliflora (square). — Map 12. A. rugosa (unbroken line); A. incana (square); A. radiata subsp.

pseudosericea (triangles). — Map 13. A. oblongifolia (dots); A. quadrata (squares).

Crotalarieae

3,6: 47

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 105 (1862); Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 165 (1960); ibid. 9 (1):

151 (1963). Type: in herbarium Thunberg

(UPS, lecto. !).

Achyronia rugosa (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157(1891).

Aspalathus plukenetiana Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 200

( 1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 482 ( 1839); Benth. in Hooker,

Lond. J. Bot. 7: 600 (1848); included into A. rugosa by

Harvey in FI. Cap. 2: 105 (1862). Paraspalathus plukenel-

iana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129 (1845).

Type: Cape, Tulbagh region at ‘Waterfall’, Tulbagh Divi-

sion, Ecklon & Zevher 1371 (S, lecto.!; G, K, LD, P,

SAM).

Aspalathus lin(e)arifolia DC. var. (P) discreta Drege

(nom. nud.).

An erect, rather much branched shrub (or

small tree) usually (0,5 — )1 — 2 m tall. Young

branches with short, white puberulous to veluti-

nous pubescence. Leaves trifoliolate, those on

the young branches not (yet) with short-shoot

developed. Leaflets (on long-shoot leaves) flat,

oblanceolate or linear, 6-20 x 1,5-5 mm,

weak to slightly coriaceous, acute-acuminate,

partly short- sericeous when young, glabrescent,

rather smooth or in some forms distinctly

veined. Inflorescence a terminal raceme with

4-10 flowers at different levels. Bract lanceo-

late or linear, 2-6 x 0,5—1 mm, weak,

densely short- and white-pubescent. Pedicel

1-3 mm long, short-sericeous. Bracteoles lin-

ear-lanceolate, 1—4 x 0,2-0, 5 mm, short-

hairy. Calyx campanulate, densely white-pu-

berulous; lobes triangular (or linear-triangular),

1,5-3, 5 (-4,5) mm long, acute, weak, pu-

berulous. Petals bright or light yellow. Stand-

ard blade ovate, 9-9,5 x 6,5— 10 mm, obtuse,

densely short-sericeous on the back. Wing

blades oblong, 5,5-8 x 2-3 mm, short-seri-

ceous on the lower half or third of the outer

side; with some rows of minute folds on the

basal third. Keel blades lunate, 5-7,5 x 3—4,5

mm, with nearly straight upper margin, seri-

ceous on at least the lower half. Pistil pubescent

on ovary, style base and upper side of the basal

two-thirds of the style; ovules 4 or 5. Pod

broadly lanceolate, 9-11 x c. 4 mm, smooth,

sparsely sericeous, grey to black when dark,

one-seeded. Figure 6: 6- 13.

A common species in the mountains on both sides of

the Breede River Valley, in the Tulbagh, Ceres and Wor-

cester Divisions, and reaching, barely, into the Robertson

and Montagu Divisions; an eastern outpost in the Ladismith

region has rather long, triangular-linear calyx lobes and

approaches A. linearifolia (no. 13). A. rugosa grows in

sand weathered from Table Mountain Sandstone on moun-

tain slopes and in sandy or more rarely clayey soil. In parts

of the Breede and Hex River Valleys it may be locally

subdominant, associated with high fynbos or, sometimes,

renosterbos. Map 12.

Vouchers: Acocks 15272 ; Bolus 8334, 13095; Dahl-

gren & Peterson 477 , 1131, 1134; Ecklon & Zeyher 1371 ;

Thode A 2234.

The variation in the species is considerable. Forms

with rather long calyx lobes and leaves are found in the

Montagu ( Thorne , SAM 53127) and Ladismith (Dahlgren

& Peterson 1362) Divisions. These, to some extent,

approach A. linearifolia (no. 13). The other extremes, viz.

forms with short, deltoid calyx lobes and broad subglabrous

leaflets, occur in the Gydo Pass region of the Ceres Divi-

sion. A few suspected hybrids between A. rugosa and A.

linearifolia are known from the region of Saron, Tulbagh

Division, and also from Stettynskloof and Du Toit’s Kloof,

Worcester Division.

This species was united with Aspalathus linearifolia

DC. (see above) by Dahlgren in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4:

165 (1960), and this may be justified on the basis of some

intermediates (Ladismith Division) and some possible hy-

brids (e.g. in Tulbagh Division). However, considering the

distinctness in most of the distribution area the species are

here treated as separate.

15. Aspalathus incana Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 179 (1960); ibid. 9(1): 150

(1963). Type: Cape, Swartberge: upper slopes

below Toorkop [Toverkop], Ladismith Divi-

sion, Esterhuysen 18532 (BOL, holo.!).

A procumbent or decumbent low shrub-

let with slender yellowish branches, fairly

much branched basally, otherwise sparingly

branched. Young branches tomentose, densely

so towards the tips. Leaves trifoliolate, those on

the youngest long-shoots without axillary short-

shoots, older branches with lateral short-shoots

(with rather small leaves). Leaflets (of young

long-shoot leaves) flat, oblanceolate, 6—12 x

3-4,5 mm, weak and soft, acute, clothed on

both sides with white or grey, tomentose pubes-

cence (not silvery sericeous). Inflorescences

and flowers not available (flowers probably in

terminal groups). Bracts caducous, not seen.

Pedicel c. 1-2 mm long, villous, merging into

the calyx. Bracteoles subfiliform, shorter than

2,5 mm, weak, with spreading hairs. Calyx

densely woolly or tomentose (spreading hairs);

lobes linear-oblong, 4-5 mm long, 1,5-2 mm

broad, acute, woolly. Petals not seen. Pistil:

3,6: 48

Crotalarieae

14

Crotalarieae

3,6: 49

ovary pubescent; ovules 2. Pod c. 8 mm long,

obliquely lanceolate, densely white-woolly,

one-seeded. Figure 6: 14- 16.

Known only from the type collection, on shaly upper,

southern slopes below Toorkop (Swartberg Mountains) at

1 250 m altitude. Map 12.

Voucher: Esterhuysen 18532.

Because of the insufficient information on flower and

inflorescence this species is difficult to place. Possibly the

closest relatives ate A. bidouwensis (no. 12) and A. rugosa

(no. 14), or possibly A. salicifolia (no. 7) and A. dunsdon-

iana (no. 6), of which the last two species are found far

from the Ladismith Division.

Incompletely known, but so isolated that its distinct-

ness cannot be questioned.

16. Aspalathus radiata Garab. ex Dahlg.

in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 194 (1960); ibid.

9 (1): 142 (1963). Type: Cape, mountains near

French Hoek, c. 600 m, Paarl Division, H.

Bolus 2958, Herb. Norm. Austr. Afr. 1134

(BOL, holo.!; G, K, P, SAM).

An erect to decumbent shrublet, low or up

to 0,5 m tall, often ± branched at the base,

otherwise not or sparingly branched. Young

branches with white pubescence. Leaves trifo-

liolate, with inconspicuous leaf base; short-

shoots not developed in the axils of the upper

leaves at flowering stage. Leaflets (of long-

shoot leaves) equally large, linear, lanceolate or

oblanceolate, 7- 14 x 1—3 mm, acute (to sub-

obtuse), green, flexible, with sparse (to rather

dense) straight half-spreading hairs, glabres-

cent; leaflets on short-shoot leaves smaller,

green, glabrous or subglabrous. Inflorescence a

terminal, pyramidal to ovate or subglobose

spike 160-300 mm long, usually, with 15-30

flowers. Bract flat, lanceolate, 7-12 x 0,5-3

mm (broadest on lowest flowers), acute, weak,

with half-spreading hairs. Pedicel almost lack-

ing. Bracteoles linear, 6-12 x 0,2-0, 8 mm.

Calyx campanulate, long-sericeous (-lanate);

lobes linear, tapering, 3-5,5 mm long, flexi-

ble, sericeous. Petals yellow (to red-brown).

Standard blade elliptic, 5, 5-6,5 x 4-5,5 mm.

apically rounded-obtuse, densely sericeous (-to-

mentose) on the back. Wing blades oblong or

very narrowly ovate, 5-6,5 x 1,6-3, 5 mm,

sericeous or tomentose on lower and apical

parts, with several rows of minute folds on ba-

sal half. Keel blades lunate, 3, 2-4, 5 x 2-3,2

mm, with nearly straight upper margin, seri-

ceous or tomentose on lower two-thirds. Pistil

sericeous on ovary and the basal half of the

style; ovules 4. Pod lanceolate, c. 10-12 x

3-3,5 mm, densely hairy.

Distributed mainly on the mountains surrounding the

French Hoek Valley with outposts on the Swartberg Moun-

tain near Caledon and the Waaihoek Mountain north of

Worcester (Caledon, Stellenbosch, Paarl and Worcester

Divisions).

The species is very variable and is best subdivided into

two subspecies according to the following key:

Decumbent; spikes short, semi-globose; flowers re-

latively small: calyx lobes c. 4 mm long or less,

wing blades only 1,6-3 mm broad; wings and

keel with sericeous pubescence ... 16a. subsp. radiata

Main stem erect, lateral branches ascending (or de-

cumbent); spikes pyramidal ovate; calyx lobes

c. 5 mm long or more; wing blades 3-3,5 mm

broad; wings and keel tomentose

16b. subsp . pseudosericea

16a. subsp. radiata.

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 196

(1960).

With decumbent branches radiating from a

centre. Inflorescence consisting of short, sub-

globose, erect spikes of 10-20 flowers. Flow-

ers rather small; calyx lobes 3-4 mm long;

standard blade 5,5 x 6,5 mm; wing blades

5-6,5 x 1,6-3 mm, and keel blades 3, 2-4, 5

x 2-3,2 mm. Petal pubescence mainly seri-

ceous. Figure 7: 1-7.

Subsp. radiata is widely distributed and covers largely

the area of the species. It grows on sandy and stony slopes

of 500- 1 250 m altitude in rocky or sandy soil (Table

Mountain Sandstone) in mountain fynbos. Map 9.

Vouchers: Bolus 2958, 9175; Esterhuysen 8333, 9710,

12317. 14898. 16801. 19220. 23926; Stokoe 525. 2492.

Figure 7. Aspalathus radiata subsp. radiata (1-7); A. radiata subsp. pseudosericea (8); A. sericea (9-11); A.

aemula (12-14). — 1, 8, 9, 12: branch ends with inflorescences; 2: junction of older branch with lateral short-shoots and

young long-shoot; 3: bract; 4: bracteole (prophyll); 5, 11: flowers; 6, 13: wing petals; 7: keel; 10: leaf (lateral leaflets

reduced); 14: pistil. — 1-7 from Thorne, SAM 52523A; 8 from Thorne, SAM 52523B ; 9-11 from Dahlgren & Peterson

1196; 12-14 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1051. — (1, 2, 9 x 1 ,6; 3-7, 10, 13, 14 x4; 8, 12 X 2; 11 x 3, 2.)

3,6: 50

Crotalarieae

16b. subsp. pseudosericea Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. Bot. Lund 4: 198 (1960). Type: Cape,

French Hoek Pass, Villiersdorp side, Paarl-Ca-

ledon Division border, Thorne, SAM 52523

(SAM, holo.!).

With erect main stem 0,15—0,5 m tall and

with ascending or decumbent laterals from near

the base. Inflorescence a pyramidal or ovate

(-elongate) spike, usually with 15—30 flowers.

Flowers larger than in subsp. radiata : calyx

lobes 5—5,5 mm long; standard blade 6-6,5 x

4,5— 5,5 mm; wing blades 5-6 x 2,8— 3,5

mm; keel blades 4-4,5 x 2,5-3 mm. Petal

pubescence tomentose rather than sericeous.

Figure 7: 8.

Subsp. pseudosericea is concentrated mainly on the

mountains east and north of the French Hoek Valley, in the

Paarl Division, with outliers in the Stellenbosch (Haal-

sneeukop) and Worcester (Louwshoek Mountains) Divi-

sions. It seems to grow at a lower altitude than does subsp.

radiata : c. 250-600 m, on rocky slopes. Map 12.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 9113, 11274; Pillans 8443;

Salter 4973; Schlechter 9265; Stokoe, SAM 56319, SAM

61797.

17. Aspalathus sericea Berg., Descr. PI.

Cap. 212 (1767); L.f., Suppl. 321 (1781);

Lam., Encycl. 1: 321 (1783); Thunb., Prodr. 2:

125 (1800); Diss. Bot. Aspalathus 1: 9 (1802);

Willd. , Sp. PI. 3: 965 (1803); Thunb., FI. Cap.

edn 2: 574 (1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 142 (1825);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 601; Harv.,

FI. Cap. 2: 106 (1862). The name was used for

other species, e.g. in Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2:

202 (1836) (for A. heterophylla ) and E. Mey.,

Comm. 1: 42 (1836) (for A. altissima). Type: in

herbarium Bergius (SBT, holo. !).

Paraspalathus sericea (Berg.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 130

(1845). Achyronia sericea (Berg.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:

157(1891). ’

? Aspalathus linifolius Steud. in Flora 13: 543 (1830).

Type not seen. The name was used in this sense in, e.g.,

Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 476 (1950).

An erect, straight, rather slender, little or

unbranched shrublet up to 0,8 (-1) m tall.

Stem rod-like, clothed on the young parts with

sericeous-tomentose pubescence. Leaves of

young long-shoots with one large leaflet and no

or only rudimentary lateral leaflets; axillary

short-shoots developed in the leaf axils (but still

small during flowering); the (middle) leaflets

lanceolate, 6-14 x 2—5 mm, acute-acumi-

nate, silvery sericeous on both sides (not

glabrescent as in A. aemula — no. 18). Inflores-

cence a pyramidal to elongate spike with

20-30 (-35) flowers. Bract lanceolate, 6-11

x 0,7—3 mm, soft, sericeous. Pedicel c. 1 mm

long or less, sericeous. Bracteoles subfiliform,

6-11 mm long, sericeous. Calyx tubular, seri-

ceous; lobes narrowly triangular, 2, 5-4, 5 mm

long, pointed. Petals light yellow, with seri-

ceous pubescence. Standard blade ovate,

9—10,5 x 6—7 mm, obtuse-acute, sericeous on

the back. Wing blade very narrowly obovate-

oblong, 9-9,5 x 3, 7-4, 5 mm, sericeous on

most parts, but glabrous on upper basal parts;

these with several rows of minute folds. Keel

blade lunate, 6,5-8 x 3,5-4 mm, with nearly

straight upper margin, sericeous on the lower

two-thirds. Pistil sericeous on ovary and basal

third of style; ovules 4. Pods lanceolate, 6-8 x

2,0— 2,5 mm, smooth, sericeous. Figure 7:

9-11.

Distributed on sandy lowlands from near Cape Agul-

has (Bredasdorp Division) through the costal regions of the

Caledon and Somerset West Divisions, the Peninsula and

Cape Flats (Cape Town and Bellville Divisions) to the cen-

tral part of the Malmesbury Division in the north-west. The

habitat is flats on marine sand or sandy plains at the foot of

the mountains, rarely in sand on sandstone hills, e.g. on top

of the Muizenberg Mountain. It grows in fynbos, and is

locally a striking element therein. Map 9.

Vouchers: Bolus 3839, 4658; Dahlgren & Peterson

425, 528, 558, 602; Ecklon & Zeyher 1389; Pillans 3053;

Smith 5049; Wolley-Dod 1997.

Differs from A. aemula (no. 18) in the more slender

habit, more slender flowers and more sericeous pubescence.

The two species are otherwise obviously very closely re-

lated.

This species was probably included into the concept of

the heterogenous Aspalathus argentea L. and corresponds

to one of the elements cited by Linnaeus for this species in

Sp. PI. 713 (1753), viz. the Plukenet plate of Cytisus afri-

canus angustifolius, sericea lanugine argenteus, spica La-

gopidiae (Pluk., Mant. 63, 1700). This has been regarded

as a nomen confusum, as it is also based on elements of A.

caledonensis (no. 22) and A. altissima (no. 19).

18. Aspalathus aemula E. Mey., Comm.

1: 42 (1836). [Used by various other authors,

e.g. Walpers (1839), Bentham (1848) and Har-

vey (1862), for A. caledonensis Dahlg. (no.

Crotalarieae

3,6:51

22)J. Type: Cape, Hex River, Worcester

Division, Drege (P, lecto. !).

Paraspalathus aemula (E. Mey.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk.

130 (1845). Achyronia aemula (E. Mey.) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Aspalalhus sericea Berg, subsp.

aemula (E. Mey.) Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 206

(1960); ibid. 9 (1): 142 (1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 518

(1968).

Ononis spicata Thunb., Prodr. 2. 129 (1800); FI. Cap.

edn 2: 584 (1823). Achyronia spicata (Thunb.) Kuntze,

Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Type: in herbarium Thunberg

(UPS, lecto.!). The name, if combined under Aspalathus,

would become a later homonym of A. spicata Thunb.,

which is a different species.

An erect, sparingly branched shrub (0,6-)

1-2,5 m tall, with straight rod-like branches.

Young branches white-tomentose. Leaves of

long-shoots with one large (middle) leaflet, the

lateral ones rudimentary or lacking, rarely as

large as the middle one. Axillary short-shoots

developed early in axils of long-shoot leaves,

their leaves with much shorter leaflets. Long-

shoot leaves with central leaflet lanceolate or

narrowly elliptic, tapering at both ends, 6-12

X 2-5 mm, acute, weak and flexible, with

only midvein distinct, silvery sericeous becom-

ing partly glabrous and green. Inflorescence py-

ramidal to ovate, with 20—40 flowers. Bract

flat, linear- lanceolate, 4,5-9 x 0,3-1 mm,

weak, sericeous. Pedicel c. 1 mm long or less,

white-sericeous. Bracteoles filiform, 4-8 mm

long, sericeous. Calyx lanate; lobes linear,

3,5— 6,5 mm long, flexible. Petals light yel-

low, partly turning brownish, with lanate or

villous, rather than sericeous pubescence.

Standard blade ovate, 7,5—9 x 6,5 mm, to-

mentose on the back. Wing blades oblong or

very narrowly elliptic, c. 7 x 2,7 mm, with

several rows of minute folds on basal half; vil-

lous to tomentose on lower-apical two-thirds.

Keel blades lunate, 5,5-7 x 3-4,5 mm, with

slightly concave upper margin, villous on lower

two-thirds. Pistil long-pubescent on ovary and

basal third of style; ovules 3. Pods not seen.

Figure 7: 12-14.

Distributed in mountains of the Clanwilliam, Ceres,

Piketberg (Twentyfour River Mountains), Worcester, Mon-

tagu and Laingsburg Divisions. The distribution ranges

from the Cederberg Mountains southwards through the

mountains bordering on the Hex River Valley to the Witte -

berg ranges and mountains near Montagu in the east. The

habitat is rocky and stony mountain slopes (Table Mountain

Sandstone) at moderate altitudes (400-1 250 m) in moun-

tain fynbos. Map 9.

Vouchers: Bolus 8362; Compton 3037, 5368; Dahl-

gren & Peterson 1021, 1051, 1139; Schlechter 10192;

Tyson 739.

The eastern forms have shorter, more compact spikes

than the western ones, and in the forms of the Montagu

region the long-shoot leaves have three subequal leaflets (in

other forms the lateral leaflets are smaller than the middle

one or lacking).

A. aemula is similar to A. sericea (no. 17) (with which

it was united by Dahlgren, 1960) but is distinct in floral

details, and it is also ecologically and geographically dis-

tinct. These two species are allied to A. altissima (no. 19)

and A. radiata (no. 16), but are obviously advanced in the

reduction of the lateral leaflets.

19. Aspalathus altissima Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 209 (1960); ibid. 9 (1):

142 (1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 518 (1968).

Type: Cape, summit of head south of Zebrakop,

Piketberg Mountain, Piketberg Division,

Pillans 7505 (BOL, holo.!; K).

'Aspalathus sericea' auct. non Berg, in E. Mey., Comm.

1: 42 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 485 (1839); Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 601 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 106

(1862); ‘ Paraspalathus sericea' (Asp. sericea Berg.)’ was

used by Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 130 ( 1845) in the same sense.

A sparingly branched, somewhat lanky

shrub usually 1—2 m tall, with straight, rigid

branches terminating in inflorescences. Young

branches densely short-tomentose or short-

sericeous. Leaves trifoliolate; the long-shoot

leaves situated on a tubercular leaf base and

provided with one large middle leaflet up to 8 x

2,5 mm and two smaller, lateral leaflets about

half as long but nearly as broad. Leaflets linear-

oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, soft,

flexible, densely silvery sericeous. Axillary

short-shoots with a few leaves soon developed

in the axils of the long-shoot leaves, the leaflets

appearing clustered. Inflorescence a spike up to

c. 50 mm long, with 10-35 flowers. Bract

oblong or oblanceolate, 2-4 x 0,5-0, 8 mm,

acute, tomentose-sericeous. Pedicel c. 0,5 mm

long, sericeous. Bracteoles similar to the bract,

c. 1,2-3 x 0,2-0, 5 mm. Calyx tubular-

campanulate, densely short-tomentose, pale;

lobes deltoid-triangular, only 0,5— 1,5 mm

long, acute, tomentose. Petals light yellow.

Standard blade circular, 8-9 x 8-9 mm,

rounded apically, densely sericeous on the

back. Wing blades oblong, 8,5—9 x c. 3,5

3,6: 52

Crotalarieae

FIGURE 8. Aspalathus altissima (1-7); A. ramulosa (8-15). — 1,8: branches with inflorescences; 2, 11: flowers; 3,

9: bracts; 4, 10: bracteoles (prophylls); 5, 13: wing petals; 6, 13: keel petals; 7, 15: pistils; 12: calyx, split open along dorsal

median line. — 1-7 from Compton 4408; 8-15 from Dahlgren & Peterson 496. — (1, 8 x 1,6; 2—6 x 3, 6; 7 X4,8; 9—14

x2; 15 x4.)

mm, densely sericeous on most of the outer

side; with several rows of minute folds on basal

third. Keel blades 7— 8 x c. 4 mm, lunate, with

± straight upper margin, sericeous on most

parts (except along upper margin). Pistil seri-

ceous on ovary and the basal three-quarters of

the style; ovules 4. Pod obliquely lanceolate, c.

10—14 x 3—3,5 mm, densely white pubescent

(quite ripe pods not seen). Figure 8: 1-7.

Distributed in mountains in the Piketberg, Ceres, Clan-

william, Calvinia and Vanrhynsdorp Divisions, between

Ceres Mountain in the south and Nieuwoudtville in the

north, and between Piketberg Mountain in the west and

Swart Ruggens in the east. A. altissima grows in sand,

generally on rocky slopes or in association with rocky out-

crops (Table Mountain Sandstone), often with lanky stems

reclining over the boulders. Map 10.

Vouchers: Acocks 14884; Bolus 8433; Dahlgren &

Peterson 975. 978. 1105; Dahlgren & Strid 2547; Leipoldt

3117; Leistner425; Pillans 9132; Schlechter 8887 .

The species approaches both A. ramulosa (no. 20),

with three equally large leaflets, and/f . aemula (no. 18) and

A. sericea (no. 17) with one large central and two reduced

to absent lateral leaflets per long-shoot leaf.

Crotalarieae

3,6: 53

20. Aspalathus ramulosa E. Mey. in Lin-

naea 7: 163 (1832); Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2:

202 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 503 (1839);

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 190

(1960); ibid. 9 (1): 142 (1963); in Bot. Notiser

121: 517 (1968). Type: Cape, Zwarteberg, Ca-

ledon Division, Ecklon, according to the proto-

logue. This probably coincides with Ecklon &

Zeyher 1380 from the same locality (S; SAM).

A. aemula E. Mey. var. (p) ramulosa (E. Mey.) Harv.,

FI. Cap. 2: 110 (1862). A. ramulosa E. Mey. is quite dis-

tinct from and antedates A . aemula E. Mey. (1836).

An erect, stiff, sparingly branched shrub

up to 0,7 m tall. Branches thick, stout, knotty

from old short-shoots; young branches densely

puberulous-velutinous. Leaves trifoliolate, with

small leaflets, and soon with axillary brachy-

blast (with several leaves) developed. Leaflets

flat, elliptic, or ovate to (ob-) lanceolate, small,

usually 0,5—4 x 0,3—2 mm, weak, acute,

densely silvery sericeous. Inflorescence a head

or cluster of (2— )4— 8 flowers (or flowers

rarely solitary), on the tips of branches or (often

short) lateral branchlets. Bract oblanceolate -

obovate, 2-4 X 1-1,5 mm, sericeous. Pedicel

c. 0,5 mm long, sericeous. Bracteoles oblan-

ceolate, 2—4 x 0,5 mm, sericeous. Calyx

campanulate, densely silky sericeous; lobes tri-

angular, only 2-3 mm long, acute, often dark

pigmented, sericeous. Petals light lemon-yel-

low. Standard blade circular or broadly ovate,

8-9,5 x 9-13 mm, densely sericeous on the

back, the sides often ± recurved. Wing blades

obliquely ovate or lunate, 8-9, 5x4, 5 -7 mm,

sericeous to tomentose on most parts, with a

main longitudinal fold and basally with some

rows of minute folds. Keel blades lunate,

6,5-8 x 4—4,5 mm, sericeous to tomentose

on most parts. Pistil densely white-pubescent

on ovary and style base; ovules 4. Pod triangu-

lar-lanceolate, 4—4,5 x c. 2,5 mm, silky

pubescent, one-seeded. Figure 8: 8- 15.

Restricted to mountains and hills in the Caledon Divi-

sion from Houwhoek in the west to Riviersonderend in the

east, and from the Donkerhoek Mountain in the north to the

Hermanus region in the south. It grows in grey to white

sand or sandstone gravel weathered from Table Mountain

Sandstone rock in low fynbos scrub. Map 10.

Vouchers: Bolus 9877; Dahlgren & Peterson 496;

Dahlgren <5 Strid 3554 , 3659, 3884, 3924; Stokoe 7373.

Distinct by the strong, knotty branches, the very small

clustered leaflets, and the floral heads. Partly confused with

A. sericea (no. 17), A. aemula (no. 18), A. altissima (no.

19) and A. caledonensis ( no. 22).

21. Aspalathus oblongifolia Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 289 (1960); ibid. 9

(1): 140 (1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 517

(1968). Type: Cape, Kogelberg, c. 400 m,

Caledon Division, Compton 19394 (NBG,

holo.!).

An erect, sparingly branched shrub, often

rather rod-like up to c. 1 m tall. Young

branches minutely puberulous, glabrescent.

Leaves trifoliolate; long-shoot leaves on rather

prominent leaf base tubercles which may be up

to c. 1 mm long (and nearly spur-like). Axillary

short-shoots, with or without a flower, soon

developed. Leaflets (of long-shoot leaves) sub-

equal, oblong or oblanceolate, 2-6 x 1-2

mm, rounded-obtuse, pale green, puberulous,

glabrescent (not silvery sericeous). Inflores-

cences unifloral (or bifloral), on lateral short-

shoots, distributed along the branches, but

usually fewer than in A. caledonensis (no. 22).

Bract broadly oblanceolate, c. 2,5 x 1 mm,

obtuse, puberulous. Pedicel shorter than 1 mm.

Bracteoles similar to the bract in shape and

size. Calyx campanulate, silky puberulous-seri-

ceous; lobes ovate-triangular, 2,5-3 mm long,

puberulous or subglabrous, greenish. Petals

light yellow, short-sericeous on most of the

back or outer sides; claws c. half as long as

blades or less. Standard blade ovate, 7—8 x

7-8 mm. Wing blades oblong-elliptic, c. 8x4

mm, with a main longitudinal fold and 1—2

rows of minor folds on basal half. Keel blades

triangular-lunate, c. 8 x 4 mm, contrary to

other species of the group without distinct basal

puckering. Pistil sericeous on the ovary and

style base; ovules 2. Pod broadly lanceolate, c.

10 mm long, silky sericeous. Figure 9: 1 -5.

Restricted to low mountain slopes and hillsides at low

altitudes in the Caledon Division and the Elim region of the

Bredasdorp Division. Growing in sand or sandstone gravel

weathered from Table Mountain Sandstone rock, in fynbos

vegetation. Map 13.

Vouchers: Compton 6094; Dahlgren & Strid 3936,

3939; Esterhuysen 13689, 14107; Schlechter 7419, 9668.

Similar to A. caledonensis (no. 22) but with puberu-

lous pubescence, ovate calyx lobes and smaller, somewhat

3,6: 54

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 55

different petals. Probably most closely related to A. qua-

drata (no. 23).

22. Aspalathus caledonensis Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 273 (1963); in

Bot. Notiser 121: 517 (1968). Type: Cape,

Houwhoek, Caledon Division, Dahlgren &

Peterson 244 (LD, holo. !).

[‘Aspalathus argentea’ L., sensu Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 284 (1960). A. argentea L., Sp. PI. 1713

(1753), regarded as a nomen confusum, was based on seve-

ral discordant elements, perhaps including the present spe-

cies (though the Tulbagh specimen in herbarium Linnaeus

dates from later than 1753), and the species here called A.

sericea Berg, and A. altissima Dahlg. A later combination

of this is Achyronia argentea (L.) Kuntze in Rev. Gen. 1:

157(1891).]

An erect, not or very sparingly branched,

rod-like shrublet, 0,2-0,7(-l,2) m tall, con-

sisting quite often of a single stem covered by

floriferous short-shoots [Dahlgren in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 286-287 (I960)]. Branch

end sericeous. Leaves of long-shoot consisting

of one larger (middle) and two smaller (lateral)

flat leaflets situated on an inconspicuous leaf

base. Short-shoots, with or without a flower,

developed in the axil of these leaves. Central

leaflet of long-shoot leaves lanceolate, 4-7 x

1,5—2 mm, acute or obtuse, weak, silvery seri-

ceous, without distinct veins; lateral leaflets

half as long or less. Inflorescences unifloral on

lateral short-shoots, dispersed on the (often

single) stem in a spike-like fashion along up to

0,2— 0,3 m length. Bract flat, narrowly lanceo-

late, c. 3 mm long, sericeous. Pedicel very

short. Bracteoles narrowly linear or subfili-

form, 3,5—4 mm long, sericeous. Calyx seri-

ceous, with lobes narrowly triangular, 3,5—4

mm long, flexible, sericeous. Petals light yel-

low, the blades sericeous on most of the back or

outer side, wing and keel claws c. two-thirds

the length of the blades. Standard blade ovate,

9-11 x 9-11 mm, obtuse. Wing blades

obliquely ovate, c. 10 x 4,5 mm, with a main

longitudinal fold and with several rows of mi-

nute folds on basal upper parts. Keel blades

lunate, c. 7 x 3,5 mm, slightly upcurved. Pistil

sericeous on ovary and style base; ovules 2.

Pod triangular-lanceolate, c. 10 mm long, seri-

ceous. Figure 9: 12-17.

Distributed on mountains and hills in the Caledon and

Bredasdorp Divisions from Houwhoek in the west to the

Potberg Mountain in the east, and from near Riviersonder-

end in the north to Agulhas in the south. A. caledonensis is

restricted to (often white or grey) sand or gravel weathered

from Table Mountain Sandstone in rather low fynbos vege-

tation. Map 14.

Vouchers: Dahlgren <6 Peterson 244, 417, 466, 835;

Dahlgren & Strid 2129, 2138, 3345, 3388, 3683 , 3897;

Ecklon & Zeyher 1390; MacOwan, Herb. Norm. Austr.

Afr. 925.

A rather uniform and typical species, similar to A.

oblongifolia (no. 21) from which it differs in the more sil-

very sericeous pubescence and tapering calyx lobes, and,

especially in the unequal size of the leaflets of the long-

shoot leaves.

23. Aspalathus quadrata L. Bol. in Ann.

Bolus Herb. 1: 186 (1915); Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 294 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 140

(1963). Type: Cape, Albertinia Commonage,

Riversdale Division, Muir 1328 (BOL, holo.!;

PRE, SAM).

A low, sparingly branched, spreading

shrublet with up to 0,6 m long branches emerg-

ing from a short vertical common rootstock (up

to 10 mm thick). Young branches puberulous.

Leaves trifoliolate, with subequal leaflets; those

on long-shoots with a rather prominent but not

spur-like leaf base, soon with axillary short-

shoots. Leaflets ± flat, oblong or lanceolate,

1,5-5 X 0,5-1 mm, obtuse, short- sericeous,

margins often involute. Inflorescence unifloral,

on lateral short-shoots, several distributed along

the branch ends. Bract flat, oblong, c. 2,5 x

0,5-1 mm, similar to the leaflets of the vegeta-

tive leaves. Pedicel very short. Bracteoles lin-

ear, c. 2 x 0,3 mm long, puberulous. Calyx

cylindrical-campanulate, short-sericeous (-to-

mentulose); lobes rounded-ovate to almost

quadrangular, obtuse or retuse, 1-2 mm long,

sericeous. Petals light yellow, with claws about

as long as the blades. Standard blade rectangu-

FlGURE 9. Aspalathus oblongifolia (1-5); A. quadrata (6-11); A. caledonensis (12-17); A. intervallaris

(18-25). — 1, 6, 12, 18: branches with floriferous short-shoots; 2, 7, 14: flowers; 3, 19: bracts; 13, 20: bracteoles

(prophylls); 4, 9, 15, 21: wing petals; 5, 10, 16, 22: keel petals; 8: standard; 11, 17, 23: pistils; 24: fruit (partly enclosed in

calyx); 25: leaves. — 1-5 from Compton 19394; 6-11 from Muir 1328; 12-17 from Dahlgren & Peterson 244; 18-25

from Stokoe, SAM 61795. — (1-5, 13-17, 19 - 25 x 3,2;6, 12 x2;7-ll x4; 18 x 1,6.)

3,6: 56

Crotalarieae

Map 14. — Aspalathus ternata (unbroken line); A. dasyantha (triangles); A. caledonensis (squares); A. diffusa

(asterisks).

lar-elliptic, c. 5,5 x 4,5 mm, obtuse or retuse,

sericeous on the back. Wing blades oblong, c. 5

x 2 mm, with 0-5 rows of minute folds on

basal half, sericeous on most of the outer side.

Keel blades lunate, c. 4,5 x 2,5 mm, with

slightly convex upper margin, sericeous on

most parts. Pistil sericeous on ovary and style

base; ovules 2; style slender. Pods ± hidden in

the calyx, triangular-ovate, c. 3,5 x 2 mm,

sericeous, one-seeded. Figure 9: 6 - 1 1 .

Probably restricted to the Albertinia region. Map 13.

Voucher: Muir 1328.

Obviously most closely related to A. oblongifolia (no.

2 1 ) and A . caledonensis (no. 22).

24. Aspalathus intervallaris H. Bol. in

Schltr. in Bot. Jb. 24: 456 (1897); Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 292 (1960); ibid. 9

(1): 140 (1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 515

(1968). Type: Cape, Houw Hoek, Caledon

Division, Schlechter 7355 (BOL, lecto. ! ; BM,

G, K, P, PRE, S, SAM).

A very sparingly branched, gracile,

decumbent or low, spreading shrublet with

branches, 0,3-1 m long or more. Young

branches slender, straight, tomentose-seri-

ceous. Leaves trifoliolate, with inconspicuous

leaf base; long-shoot leaves soon with axillary

short-shoots. Leaflets small, ovate or broadly

lanceolate, 1 -3,5 x 0,5— 1 ,5 mm, obtuse-sub-

acute, weak, silky sericeous. Inflorescence

unifloral or bifloral, on branch ends, but seem-

ingly lateral as a rapidly growing branch is de-

veloped in the axil of the uppermost leaf. Bract

flat, circular or ovate, 2-3 x 2—3 mm, acute,

silky sericeous. Pedicel very short. Bracteoles

ovate, 3—4 x 1,2-2 mm, acute, sericeous.

Crotalarieae

Calyx infundibular-campanulate, short-seri-

ceous; lobes rounded-triangular, c. 2,5 mm

long, acute, sericeous. Petals light yellow, in

later stages often ± purplish, the claws less

than half as long as the blades. Standard ob-

ovate, 9-10 X 7-8 mm, apically retuse, seri-

ceous on the back. Wing blades oblong, broad-

est in the apical half, with a main longitudinal

fold, and 1—2 rows of minute folds basally,

sericeous on the lower half. Keel blades lunate,

5-6 x c. 3 mm, sericeous on most parts. Pistil

sericeous on the ovary and style base; ovules 2.

Pod triangular-ovate, 7—8 mm long, densely

sericeous. Figure 9: 18-25.

Restricted to the western parts of the Caledon Divi-

sion, between Hangklip and Houwhoek in the west and the

Hermanus region in the east. Growing in sand at the foot of

the mountains or on mountain slopes up to c. 750 m alti-

tude, in low fynbos vegetation. Map 1 1 .

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Strict 4318; Galpin 12904;

Schlechter 7355; Stokoe, SAM 61795, SAM 66722.

Related to A. oblongifolia (no. 21) and, perhaps, A.

ternata (no. 26) and A. dasyantha (no. 27).

25. Aspalathus singuliflora Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1): 290, 144 (1963).

Type: Cape, Simonsbos, Worcester Division,

Compton 22259 (LD, holo. ! ; NBG).

A small, suberect shrublet only c. 0,2 m

tall, with straight, rigid, spreading, almost

thorn-like branches; young branches sericeous.

Leaflets trifoliolate; long-shoot leaves soon

with axillary leafy short-shoots and leaflets

therefore, except on the youngest branches, in

fascicles, several together. Leaflets flat, small,

obovate or oblanceolate, 0,8- 1,8 x 0,7- 1,2

mm, obtuse, soft, silvery sericeous. Inflores-

cences unifloral, on tips of the branches; the

branch intemode below the flower 6—10 mm

long. Bract lanceolate-ovate, 1,5-2 x

0,7-0,9 mm, silvery sericeous. Pedicel shorter

than 1 mm, sericeous. Bracteoles linear-lanceo-

late, 2-2,3 x c. 0,5 mm, sericeous. Calyx tube

tomentose to sericeous; lobes narrowly triangu-

lar-ovate, 1,8-2, 2 mm long, acute, silvery se-

riceous. Petals pale yellow. Standard broadly

ovate, c. 6,5 x 5,8 mm, acute, sericeous on the

back. Wing blades ± arched, oblong, 5,8 x 2,2

mm long, sericeous on most parts, basally with

a few rows of minute folds. Keel blades lunate,

upcurved, c. 5,5 x 2,8 mm, sericeous on most

3,6: 57

parts. Pistil with sericeous ovary; ovules 2.

Ripe pods not seen. Figure 10: 1—7.

Known only from the type collection collected in the

Breede River valley; probably on sand. Map 1 1 .

Voucher: Compton 22259.

Very distinct through the erect habit, the straight,

spreading, rigid (almost thorny) branches, and the flowers

which resemble, perhaps, most closely A. villosa (no. 9)

and A. intervallaris (no. 24), being most similar to the latter

but having much shorter standard and wings.

26. Aspalathus ternata ( Thunb .) Druce in

Rep. botl Soc. Exch. Club Br. Isl. 1916: 606

(1917); Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape Penins.

476 (1950); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund

4: 274 (1960); ibid. 9 (1) : 146 (1963); in Bot.

Notiser 121: 519 (1968). Type: Galega ternata

in herbarium Thunberg (UPS, lecto. !).

Galega ternata Thunb., Prodr. 2: 134 (1800); FI. Cap.

edn 2: 601 (1823). Cited by Harvey in FI. Cap. 2: 109

(1862) as synonym of A. ferruginea (see below). Achyronia

ternata (Thunb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157(1891).

Aspalathus purpurea Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 201

(1836); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 608 (1848);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 109 (1862). Achyronia purpurea (Eckl.

& Zeyh.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Type: Cape,

prope Bergvalley, ? Clanwilliam Division, Ecklon &

Zeyher 1379 (S, lecto.!; P, SAM).

Aspalathus purpurascens E. Mey., Comm. 1: 44 (1836);

Walp. in Linnaea 13: 486 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 7: 608 (1848) (as synonym of A. purpurea). Paras-

palathus purpurascens (E. Mey.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129

(1845). Type: Cape, ‘Zwartbartkraal’ between Berg Valley

and Lange Valley, Piketberg Division, Drege (S, lecto.!;

BM, G, K, P).

Aspalathus ferruginea Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7:

607(1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 109 (1862). Type: 'A. ferru-

ginea' in herbarium Banks (BM, lecto.!).

An erect shrub fairly much branched,

0,4—1 m tall, with ascending or spreading,

sometimes rather slender branches. Young

branches short-sericeous. Leaves trifoliolate;

those on long shoots on a tubercular or spur-

like, woody leaf base, which is inconspicuous

or up to 4 mm long, if spur-like then yellowish

and glabrous. Short-shoots are soon developing

in axils of long-shoot leaves. Leaflets linear or

oblanceolate, 4-20 x 0,5 -4,5 mm, obtuse to

acute, flexible, completely silvery sericeous.

Flowers solitary or in pairs, (i.e. a reduced

head) terminating the branches, but appearing

lateral because of strong growth of a branch in

the axil of the uppermost leaf. Bract linear,

3,6:58

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 59

2,5-10 x 0,4- 1,2 mm, flexible, sericeous.

Pedicel absent or very short. Bracteoles similar

to the bract, 4- 12 x 0,4— 0,8 mm. Calyx tube

urceolate to campanulate, pale yellow, villous

to sericeous; lobes varying from deltoid-triang-

ular and only c. 1 mm long to long and linear,

up to 11 mm long, sericeous, greyish green.

Petals light yellow, turning purple or brownish

purple, with rather long claws and more or less

sericeous pubescence on back or outer side.

Standard blade ovate-circular, 9—12 x 9—11

mm, with rounded apex and cordate base. Wing

blades obliquely ovate, 8—10 x 5—6,5 mm,

sericeous on most parts (including part of the

claw), with prominent longitudinal fold and se-

veral rows of minute folds on basal upper parts.

Keel blades lunate, 6—8 x 4,5— 5,2 mm, with

nearly straight upper margin, sericeous on

lower half (and part of the claw). Pistil seri-

ceous on the ovary; ovules 4-8; style ± gla-

brous except on the base. Pods not seen. Figure

10:8-19.

Distributed on the sandy lowlands from near Muizen-

berg (Cape Peninsula) northwards on the Cape Flats through

the flats of the coastal parts of the Malmesbury and Hope-

field Divisions and continuing on sandy lowlands in the

Piketberg and Clanwilliam Divisions. The species grows

mainly on marine sand in coastal fynbos. Map 14.

Vouchers: Acocks 14508', Dahlgren & Peterson 777 ,

880, 903, 919, 998; Ecklon & Zeyher 1378, 1379;

MacOwan 2951; Salter 4009; Zeyher 421 .

The species shows an interesting variation in the form

of a geographical cline, the southern forms having short,

deltoid calyx lobes 1-2 mm long, and rather short bracts

and calyx lobes; all these become successively longer to-

wards the north, the forms of the Clanwilliam and Piketberg

Divisions having linear calyx lobes c. 10 mm long, and long

slender leaves. The branches of the northern forms also

have longer, more spreading branches. Leaf base spurs oc-

cur only in the southern forms.

A. ternata and A. dasyantha (no. 27) are closely allied.

Their connection with other species with fiat leaflets is un-

certain, but they are possibly closest to A. intervallaris (no.

24) or A. tridentata (no. 8).

27. Aspalathus dasyantha Eckl. &

Zeyh., Enum. 2: 201 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea

13: 503 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J.

Bot. 7: 608 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 110

(1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4:

279 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 146 (1963). Type:

Cape, near ‘Plettenbergsbay’, Swellendam or

George Divisions, Ecklon & Zeyher 1377 (S,

lecto.!; SAM).

Achyronia dasyantha (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen.

PI. 1: 157(1891).

An erect, rigid shrub, with stiff, often

knotty branches, sometimes almost thorn-like.

Branch ends and very young branches tomen-

tose, glabrescent, yellowish. Leaves trifolio-

late; those on long-shoots situated at the base of

a spur- or spine-like, yellowish, glabrous leaf

base 1-3 mm long. Short-shoots soon devel-

oping in the axils of these leaves. Leaflets ob-

lanceolate, oblong or obovate, 2-6 (—8) x

1-2,5 mm, obtuse (to acute), green, weak,

with sparse scattered hairs or glabrous. Flowers

situated as in A. ternata (no. 26). Bract nar-

rowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 2-4 x 0,5—1

mm, tomentose. Bracteoles linear or oblanceo-

late, 2,5— 4,5 mm long, tomentose. Calyx ur-

ceolate, pale, yellowish, villous-tomentose (not

sericeous as in A. ternata)-, lobes deltoid to nar-

rowly triangular, 1,5— 3,5 mm long, acute,

slightly green or pigmented. Petals light yellow

(to purplish in late stage), shape similar to those

of A. ternata but with more tomentose type of

pubescence. Standard blade 8,5-9 x 8,5—9

mm. Wing blades 7,5— 8,5 x 4—4,5 mm. Keel

blades 6-6,5 x 4-4,5 mm. Pistil pubescent

on ovary and basal third of style; ovules 4 or 5.

Pods not seen. Figure 10: 20-26.

Known mainly from coastal flats in the Riversdale

Division, but probably occurring also into the Swellendam

and perhaps the George Division. The species grows on

marine sand fiats, in coastal fynbos. Map 14.

Vouchers: Barker 8221; Dahlgren & Peterson 738,

1329, 1432; Ecklon & Zeyher 1377; Muir 1258.

Distinct by the shorter, green, sparsely hairy or gla-

brous leaves and the woolly calyx. The species is also more

rigid and knotty than A. ternata (no. 26).

FIGURE 10. Aspalathus singuliflora (1-7); A. ternata (8-19); A. dasyantha (20 - 26). — 1, 8, 14, 20: branches

with flowers; 2, 9, 15, 21: bracts; 3, 10, 16, 22: bracteoles (prophylls); 4: standard, front view; 5, 11, 24: wing petals; 6,

12, 25: keel petals; 7, 13, 26: pistils; 17: flower; 18: standard, side view; 19: wings and keel with claws basally attached to

staminal sheath; 23: standard, back. — 1-7 from Compton 22259; 8-13 from Dahlgren & Peterson 756; 14—19 from

Dahlgren & Peterson 998; 20- 26 from Dahlgren & Peterson 738. — (1, 8, 18, 19 x2; 2-7 x4; 9-13, 15, 16, 21-26

x3,2; 14x1,6; 17,20x2,4.)

3,6: 60

Crotalarieae

Group 2: Diffusae

Diffuse or decumbent subshrubs with ± herbaceous branch ends but with distinctly woody

branch bases; young branches sericeous. Leaves trifoliolate, when young without, but later with

axillary short-shoots. Leaflets flat, linear to narrowly elliptic, puberulous below and densely

villous above, with incurved margins (thus becoming truly ericoid), obtuse or subacute, soft.

Inflorescences consisting of single flowers inserted directly on the branches halfway between two

successive vegetative leaves (the nature of this is yet unclear). Flowers minute, inconspicuous.

Bract simple, linear-oblanceolate, pubescent, much smaller than leaflets of vegetative leaves.

Pedicel short, pubescent. Bracteoles smaller, but similar to the bract. Calyx tube campanulate,

tomentose; lobes linear-subulate, ± flat, acute, pubescent, weak. Petals small, pale or light

yellow, wing and keel claws not adnate to the staminal sheath. Standard blade broadly ovate,

pubescent on the back, glabrous on the front, without apical cusp. Wing blades narrowly ovate,

glabrous, with few minute folds in c. 3 rows at the base. Keel blades elongate, lunate, obtuse,

pubescent, with distinct basal pouches. Pistil short-stipitate; ovary and style partly long-hairy;

ovules 2; style only slightly curved; stigma regular, capitate. Pod ovate, small, one-seeded. Chro-

mosome number: 2n = ± 1 8 .

28. Aspalathus diffusa Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enum. 2: 208 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 495

(1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 619

(1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 116 (1862); Dahlg.

in Op. bot. Soc. Bot. Lund 4: 343 (1960); ibid.

9 (1): 213 (1963). Type: Cape, mountains near

‘Plettenbergsbay’, Swellendam Division, Eck-

lon & Zeyher 1420 (S, lecto. !; SAM).

Achyronia diffusa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:

157(1891).

A small, low subshrub with decumbent or

prostrate branches up to c. 0,15 m, basally

much branched. Branches silky pubescent.

Leaves of branch ends without short- shoots;

leaflets 2—10 x 0,5— 1,5 mm (broader when

unfolded), the sides incurved, partly enclosing

the upper villous side. Inflorescence (see

above) unique in the genus, the minute flower

emerging directly on the branch between two

successive vegetative leaves. Bract linear-ob-

FlGURE 1 1 . Aspalathus diffusa. — 1: branch; 2: leaf, lower (left) and upper sides; 3: bract; 4: bracteole (prophyll); 5:

flower; 6: calyx; 7: standard, back; 8: wing; 9: keel petal; 10: pistil; 11: fruit. — 1—10 from Dahlgren <6 Peterson 142 ; 11

from Ecklon & Zeyher 1420. — (1 X2; 2 x4;3-ll x8.)

Crotalarieae

3,6:61

lanceolate, c. 2 x 0,3-0, 5 mm, weak, obtuse,

more densely hairy on upper than on lower sur-

face. Bracteoles linear, c. 1,5 x 0,2— 0,3 mm.

Calyx lobes linear, 3-4 mm long, weak, sub-

acute, tomentose. Petals small, pale. Standard

blade c. 3 x 3 mm, tomentose on the back,

glabrous on the front. Wing blades c. 2,5 x

1 — 1,2 mm. Keel blades c. 2,5 x 1 mm, tomen-

tose except on basal part. Pod 3-4 X c. 2 mm,

tomentose on upper and apical parts, largely

filled up by the single seed. Figure 1 1 .

Distributed from the Riviersonderend Mountains

(Caledon Division) and along the Langeberg Mountains as

far east as the Garcia’s Pass region; it is also recorded by

Fourcade (Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 20: 49, 1941) from the

Knysna Division, which is not verified by vouchers. The

habitat is sandy, burnt ground at altitudes of c. 500 m.

Map 14.

Vouchers: Burchell 6941, 7192; Dahlgren & Peterson

142; Ecklon & Zeyher 1420; Schlechter 2081 ; Stokoe, SAM

61365.

The species is obviously phylogenetically isolated and

so aberrant in the position of as well as in the small size of

the flowers, that it has been placed in a separate subgenus

Ecklonella Dahlg. [in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 212

(1963)].

Group 3: Cephalanthae

Small or medium-sized shrublets or shrubs, decumbent to erect. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets

flat, soft to (and usually) coriaceous, linear or narrowly lanceolate to rhombic or orbicular, gla-

brous or sparsely hairy, rarely (A. cytisoides (no. 29), A. polycephala — no. 46) sericeous, smooth

or distinctly venous, often pointed and in some species spine-tipped (sharply so in A. acidota (no.

39) and A. borboniifolia — no. 40). Leaf base with spine or spurs lacking. Inflorescences racemose

or usually capitate (hence the name Cephalanthae) to sub-umbellate; flowers only in exceptional

cases solitary and then usually not on short-shoots. Pedicel short to some mm long (longest in A.

securifolia — no. 30). Bracts and bracteoles present (but often caducous), simple, small or rather

large, linear-terete to broad, flat and ovate; bract not accreted to pedicel base. Calyx campanulate,

generally not very fleshy, glabrous or pubescent; lobes flat to subterete, weak or rigid, sometimes

spine-tipped, the lowest lobe in several species larger than the upper 4, veiny, oblanceolate-con-

vex. Petals yellow or often ± reddish or purplish, not turning black when dried, especially the

standard; standard generally hairy on the back; wing and keel blades pubescent or glabrous; claws

free from the staminal sheath. Standard lacking apical cusp and basal callosities. Wing blades

nearly always with 3 or more rows of small lunulate folds. Keel blades lunate, not typically

rostrate, obtuse, with a prominent basal pouch. Basifixed anthers not particularly long. Pistil:

ovary (and sometimes style base) ± hairy, in some species only on upper side; ovules 2-6 (-8);

stigma regular, capitate. Pod lanceolate or ovate, not particularly hard, 1-4-seeded. Chromosome

number: 2n=\6 (in the few species counted).

29. Aspalathus cytisoides Lam., Encycl.

1: 292 (1783); DC., Prodr. 2: 143 (1825); Eckl.

& Zeyh., Enum. 2: 199 (1836); E. Mey.,

Comm. 1: 39 (1836); Meisn. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 2: 70 (1843); Benth. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 7: 600 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 105

(1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4:

160 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 151 (1963); in Bot.

Notiser 121: 520 (1968). Treated as a synonym

of A. cinerea Thunb. by Walpers in Linnaea 13:

483 (1839). Type: in herbarium Lamarck (P,

lecto. !).

Paraspalathus cytisoides (Lam.) PresI, Bot. Bemerk.

129 (1845). Achyronia cytisoides (Lam.) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 1: 157(1891).

Aspalathus cinerea Thunb., Prodr. 2: 125 (1800); Diss.

Bot. Aspalathus 1: 9 (1802); Willd., Sp. PI. 3: 965 (1803);

Thunb., FI. Cap. edn 2: 575 (1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 142

(1825); Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 198 (1836); Walp. in

3,6: 62

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 63

Linnaea 13: 483 (1839); Meisn. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2:

70 (1843; as synonym of A. cytisoides Lam.). Paraspala-

thus cinerea (Thunb.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129 (1845).

Type: in herbarium Thunberg (UPS, lecto. !).

Cliffortia concavifolia Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 268

(1836); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 300 (1862). Aspalathus concavi-

folia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4:

140 (1960). Type: Cape, Zwarteberg, Caledon Division,

Ecklon & Zeyher 1739 (S, lecto.!; SAM).

Aspalathus cytisoides Lam. var. (P) decumbens Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 601 (1848). Type: sine loco,

Bowie ( K, lecto.!).

Asphalathus cinerea Thunb. var. (p) spicata Eckl. &

Zeyh., Enum. 2: 199 (1836). Type: Cape, River Sonder

Ende, Caledon Division, Ecklon & Zeyher 1366 pro parte

(S, lecto. !;G, P).

An erect, rather rigid, branched shrub or

shrublet 0,2-0, 6 m tall. Young branches short-

tomentose. Leaves : those on long-shoots ulti-

mately with axillary short-shoots. Leaflets (of

long-shoot leaves) generally oblanceolate or

very narrowly elliptic to linear, most of them

4-15 x 1,5—5 mm, those on young branches

with spreading pubescence or locally (at Tul-

bagh) grey-hairy, glabrescent, apiculate-mucro-

nate, often S-curved with recurved apex, with

distinct midvein beneath. Inflorescence a termi-

nal group or ‘head’ of 2-12 flowers; branches

often with a number of adjacent branchlets,

each with a few-flowered inflorescence. Bract

linear-filiform, 2,5-3 mm long, pubescent.

Pedicel 2-3 mm long, tomentose. Bracteoles

filiform, 2,5-3 mm long. Calyx short-tomen-

tose; lobes narrowly triangular, 2,5-4 (—5)

mm long, ± pubescent, tapering, acuminate,

non-pungent. Petals light to bright yellow.

Standard blade ovate to circular, 5,5-8 x

5,5-8 mm, rounded at apex, short-tomentose

on the back. Wing petals oblong, 6—7 x 2—2,5

mm, with short ± spreading pubescence on

lower and front half. Keel blades 5-6 x c. 2,5

mm, with ± straight upper margin. Pistil pu-

bescent on upper half of ovary and upper side of

style base (c.M); ovules 4. Pod broadly and

obliquely lanceolate, c. 8-9 x 2,8 mm,

smooth, tomentose. Figure 12: 1—6.

Distributed from the Hottentots Holland Mountains

(Caledon Division), French Hoek Valley (Paarl Division)

and Tulbagh region (Tulbagh Division) eastwards to the

eastern end of the Riviersonderend Mountains. It is locally

common especially in the French Hoek Valley. The species

grows on slopes with sandstone rock (Table Mountain

Sandstone) or in sand associated with rocky outcrops at

rather low altitudes (generally below 800 m). It grows in

fynbos communities. Map 16.

Vouchers: Bolus 5017, 8435; Dahlgren & Peterson

669, 823; Dahlgren & Strid 2153, 3782; Salter 1818;

Schlechter 9172.

There has been some confusion concerning this species

because of the superficial difference between the common,

green-leaved, short-tomentose forms in the Caledon, Stel-

lenbosch, Paarl and Worcester Divisions, and a population

in the Tulbagh region (described as A. cinerea ) with quite

grey leaves on the younger branches. A very small-leaved

form, described as A. concavifolia, undoubtedly also

belongs to A. cytisoides.

30. Aspalathus securifolia Eckl. &

Zeyh., Enum. 2: 198 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea

13: 484 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J.

Bot. 7: 596 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 102

(1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4:

154 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 150 (1963). Type:

Cape, Sonderend River, between ‘Linde’ and

‘Ecksteen’, Swellendam Division, Ecklon &

Zeyher 1363 (S, lecto.!; K, SAM).

Achyronia securifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 1: 157(1891).

Aspalathus spathulata Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 198

(1836). Aspalathus securifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. (P) spa-

thulata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. in Linnaea 13: 484 (1839);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 596 (1848); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 102 (1862). Paraspalathus spathulata (Eckl. &

Zeyh.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129 (1844). Type: Cape, Baby-

Ions Toorensberg at Zwart-et-Marias, Caledon Division,

Ecklon & Zeyher 1364 (S, lecto.!; K, P, SAM).

Aspalathus exigua Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 198 (1836);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 102 (1862). Applied by Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 597 (1848) on A. marginata.

Type: Cape, Sonderend River near 'Knoblauch', Swellen-

dam Division, Ecklon & Zeyher 1365 (S, lecto.!; SAM).

Aspalathus conferta Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7:

956 (1848). Treated as synonym of A. exigua by Harv. in

FI. Cap. 2: 103 ( 1862). Type: Cape, near Caledon, Caledon

Division, Mund (SAM, lecto.!).

FIGURE 12. Aspalathus cytisoides (1-6); A. securifolia (7-16); A. myrtillifolia (17-20). — 1, 7: branch ends with

inflorescences; 2, 10, 13, 18: flowers; 3, 11: wing petals; 4, 12, 19: keels; 5, 16, 20: pistils; 6: fruit; 8, 14: bracts; 9, 15:

bracteoles (prophylls); 17: part of leafy branch. — 1-5 from Dahlgren (6 Peterson 823 ; 6 from Stokoe, SAM 61830 ; 7-12

from Esterhuysen 17226; 13—16 from Stokoe, SAM 61842; 17-20 from Bowie, sine loco. — (1, 8-12 X3,2; 2-6, 13—20

X4; 7 X2.)

3,6:64

Crotalarieae

Maps 15- 18. — Map 15. Aspalathus psoraleoides (unbroken line); A. marginata (dots); A. orbiculata (square). —

Map 16. A. cytisoides (dots); A. securifolia (squares). — Map 17. A. aspalathoides (unbroken line). — Map 18.

A. stenophylla (dots); A. inops (squares); A. taylorii (rhomboid); A. fasciculata (triangles); A. suaveolens (asterisk).

A fairly robust, ascending or erect shrub,

(0,2-) 0,5— 1,2 m tall, relatively much

branched. Young branches densely short -

tomentose. Leaves on young long-shoots with-

out axillary brachyblasts; their leaflets broadly

oblanceolate or spathulate (-obovate), 5—20

(often c. 10) x 3-4 (—7) mm, carnose or

coriaceous, rather smooth (indistinctly veined),

mucronulate or apiculate, fresh green, glabrous

except on the tapering base. Inflorescence a

head-like umbel of (6—) 10— 16 rather long-

pedicellate flowers. Bract linear or subfiliform,

3-7 mm long, puberulous (situated at the base

of the pedicel). Pedicel rather slender,

(1,5 — )3 — 5 mm long, puberulous. Bracteoles

subulate-linear, usually 2-3 mm long. Calyx

infundibular-campanulate, tomentulose; lobes

subulate, (or very narrowly triangular), 2-5

Crotalarieae

3,6: 65

mm long, subglabrous, green or often reddish

or purplish. Petals light yellow. Standard blade

circular, 5-6 x 5—6 mm, obtuse, short-seri-

ceous on the back. Wing blades very narrowly

elliptic, 7-8 x c. 2,5 mm, short-sericeous on

the lower third or less. Keel blades 6-7 x c. 3

mm, short- sericeous on most parts. Pistil seri-

ceous on the ovary and upper parts of style

base; ovules (3)4(5). Pods not seen. Figure 12:

7-16.

Distributed in the southern divisions of western Cape

between the Onrus and Caledon region in the Caledon

Division, and the Langeberg Mountains above Albertinia,

Riversdale Division, through the Robertson and Swellen-

dam Divisions with an outlier at Bain’s Kloof, Worcester

Division. The species grows on the lower rocky or gravelly

mountain slopes up to c. 600 m, in fynbos (largely Erica )

scrub. Map 16.

Vouchers: Burchell 6956, 7397; Esterhuysen 14446,

17226; Leipoldt 3171; Marloth 12164; Muir 869, 2512;

Stokoe, SAM 61842.

The outpost at Bain’s Kloof, Worcester Division, has

much shorter pedicels (1-2 mm) than have the other forms

(4—5 mm), and also has a broader oblong (rather than lin-

ear) bract. It was described by Dahlgren in Op. bot. Soc.

bot. Lund 4: 159 (1960) as subsp. crassa Dahlg. and may

deserve recognition, although this is not yet quite clear.

31. Aspalathus myrtillifolia Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 597 (1848); Harv.,

FI. Cap. 2: 106 (1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 153 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 150

(1963). Type: sine loco, Bowie (K, lecto. !).

Achyronia myrtillifolia (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:

157(1891).

A small, branched shrub which vegetative-

ly agrees well with forms of A. marginata (no.

34), having flat, obovate, coriaceous, glabrous

leaflets 3—6 x 2—3,5 mm, which are glabrous,

mucronate-acuminate, and have a distinct mid-

vein on the lower side. Inflorescence a terminal

group or small head of 3—5 or more flowers.

Bract c. 1 mm long, oblong-subulate. Pedicel

c. 1 mm long, puberulous. Bracteoles c. 0,5

mm long, conical-subulate, 3-4,5 mm longer

than the others. Petals yellow. Standard blade

c. 4,5 X 5 mm, obtuse, sericeous on the back.

Wing blades oblong, c. 6,2 x 2 mm, glabrous.

Keel blades c. 5,5 x 3 mm, sericeous on lower

third or less. Pistil hairy only on the upper part

of the ovary and style base; ovules 2. Pods not

seen. Figure 12: 17-20.

The distribution is not known and no other material can

be referred to this species than the type. It may be an aber-

rant form of A. marginata (no. 34) in which pubescence is

lacking on calyx and part of the petals, but the somewhat

enlarged lowest calyx lobe and the more triangular shape of

the calyx lobes suggest connection with A. esterhuyseniae

(no. 42). It could represent an isolated distinct taxon.

32. Aspalathus orbiculata Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 595 (1848); Harv.,

FI. Cap. 2: 102 (1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 149 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 150

(1963). Type: sine loco, Scholl 469 (K, holo.!;

W).

Achyronia orbiculata (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157

(1891).

A robust, rigid shrub probably 0,5-1 m

tall, fairly densely branched. Young branches

tomentose and densely leafy. Leaves: upper

long-shoot leaves not (yet) with axillary short-

shoots. Leaflets of young long-shoots flat,

broad, orbicular, obovate (or those of the up-

permost leaves broadly oblanceolate), 7-10 x

3,5—12 mm, somewhat convex, camose-

coriaceous, glabrous (those of uppermost leaves

slightly ciliate), dark green, with distinct mid-

vein and lateral veins below, pointed. Inflores-

cence a terminal head of 6-12 flowers. Bract

caducous, oblong, obovate or orbicular, c. 4,5

x 1-4,5 mm, pale, convex, pubescent. Pedi-

cel c. 2 mm long, tomentose. Bracteoles

caducous, linear-oblong, narrower than bract.

Calyx campanulate, densely tomentose-villous;

lobes triangular, 2,5-3 mm long, acute, pubes-

cent. Petals bright yellow, turning reddish.

Standard blade circular, 6-7 x 6-7 mm, ob-

tuse or retuse, densely tomentose on the back.

Wing blades very narrowly elliptic, 6-7 x c. 2

mm, glabrous. Keel blades 6,5-7 x 3,5-4

mm, with ± straight upper margin, glabrous

except for some pubescence on lower apical

parts. Pistil tomentose on ovary and style base;

ovules 6-8. Pod narrowly ovate, tomentose

(ripe material not seen). Figure 13: 1-7.

Probably restricted to the upper slopes of the Matroos-

berg Mountain, Worcester Division, where it grows on a

shale band (i.e. in clayey soil) at an altitude of c. 1 250 m.

Map 15.

Voucher: Esterhuysen 14194.

Very distinct by its broad, cupped, glabrous leaflets,

and its tomentose or nearly villous calyx. The species is

probably most closely related to A. securifolia (no. 30).

3,6: 66

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 67

33. Aspalathus psoraleoides ( Presl )

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 598 (1848);

Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 1: 212 (1849-49);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 104 (1862); Adamson &

Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 475 (1950); Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 137 (1960); ibid. 9

(1): 149 (1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 519

(1968). Type: Cape, Table Mountain, Cape

Town Division, Ecklon & Zeyher (M, lecto.!;

S,W).

Paraspalathus psoraleoides Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129,

134 (1844). Achyronia psoraleoides (Presl) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 1: 157(1891).

A low, erect or ascending shrublet,

(0,05 — )0, 1 — 0,2 m tall, densely branched.

Young branches densely white-puberulous.

Leaves: the upper short-shoot leaves with axil-

lary short-shoots not yet developed. Leaflets

flat, ovate, or narrowly obovate, (3 — )5 — 12 x

2-4 mm, thick, camose, apiculate-mucronu-

late (not pungent), midvein margins and a few

lateral veins ± distinct, sparsely puberulous,

glabrescent. Inflorescence a terminal head-like

umbel of 6—12 flowers. Bract accreted to the

1 ,5 mm long, densely hairy pedicel at the base

and emerging at calyx base, circular or ovate, c.

2x2 mm, short-sericeous, acute, cupped

around the base of the calyx. Bracteoles linear-

spathulate, c. 2 x 0,3-0, 5 mm, short-seri-

ceous. Calyx campanulate, densely short-seri-

ceous on the back. Wing blades very narrowly

elliptic, c. 7,5 x 2,5 mm, sericeous on lower

half, almost without minute basal folds. Keel

blades c. 6 x 2,5 mm, slightly upcurved, short-

sericeous at least on lower half. Pistil pubescent

on upper parts of ovary and upper side of basal

half of style; ovules 2. Pods not seen. Figure

13:8-12.

Restricted to the Cape Peninsula from the Muizenberg

southwards, and the Babylons Tower Mountain near

Hawston in Caledon Division [Dahlgren in Bot. Notiser

121: 519 (1968)]. The species grows in ± whitish sand

weathered from Table Mountain Sandstone, in low fynbos.

Map 15.

Vouchers: Bolus 4621; Dahlgren & Peterson 1227;

Dahlgren & Strid 3576; Galpin 12272; Salter 1848.

Similar to A. marginata (no. 34) but easily dis-

tinguished by the ovate bracts and deltoid calyx lobes.

34. Aspalathus marginata Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 103 (1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc.

bot. Lund 4: 133 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 149

(1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 519 (1968). Type:

Cape, Hottentots Holland, Babylons’ Tower

and Zwarteberg, Zeyher 2346 pro parte in her-

barium Harvey (TCD, lecto.!; K, P, PRE, S,

SAM).

Achyronia marginata (Harv.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157

(1891).

An erect, rather compact and fairly

densely branched shrublet usually only

0,1 -0,3 m high. Young branches short-tomen-

tose (nearly velutinous). Leaves of young long-

shoots with or (the younger) without axillary

short-shoots. Leaflets of long-shoot leaves

broadly elliptic or ovate to narrowly rhomboid-

ovate, tapering at both ends, (2-)4-9 x

( 1 — )2,5— 7 mm, flat, sometimes basally

shortly petiolate, camose or coriaceous, mucro-

nate or spine-tipped with distinct midveins and

margins and sometimes with distinct lateral

veins, glabrous or with sparse hairs. Inflores-

cence terminal, with 2-3(-4) densely set

flowers. Bract small, subulate, 0,5-2 mm

long, ciliated. Pedicel 0,5—2 mm long, tomen-

tulose. Bracteoles subulate, 0,3- 1,5 mm long.

Calyx tube short, densely tomentulose-veluti-

nous; lobes subulate, 2—3 mm long, weak, pu-

berulous. Petals bright yellow turning bright or

dark red, with short claws. Standard blade

ovate, 6—9 x 4—8 mm, densely short-tomen-

tose on the back. Wing blades linear-oblong,

5,5— 8,5 x 2,2— 3,3 mm, hairy on lower third

or half, with one or two longitudinal row(s) of

minute folds on the basal half. Keel blades

4-5,5 x 2, 5-4, 5 mm, totally pubescent. Pis-

til: ovary and basal half of style short-sericeous;

ovules 2. Pods not seen. Figure 13: 13-20.

FIGURE 13. Aspalathus orbiculata (1-7); A. psoraleoides (8-12); A. marginata (13-20). — 1, 8, 13: branch tips

with inflorescences; 2: leaf; 3: bract; 4: bracteole (prophyll); 5, 9, 14: flowers (5 with bract and bracteoles removed); 6, 10,

15: wing petals; 7, 11, 16: keels; 12: pistil; 17-20: variation in leaflet shape. — 1-7 from Esterhuysen 14194 ; 8-12 from

Dahlgren (6 Peterson 1227; 13-17 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1305; 18 from Esterhuysen 13671; 19 from Dahlgren &

Peterson 860; 20 from Bolus 8540; 13-20 ranging largely from the western part of the Caledon district to the Bredasdorp

district.— (1,2 xl, 6; 3-7 x3;8 x2;9-12, 14-20 x4; 13 x3,2.)

3,6: 68

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 69

Distributed in the southern parts of the Caledon Divi-

sion and the western parts of the Bredasdorp Division,

growing on low sandstone hills in sand, gravel or among

rocks, in fynbos vegetation. Map 15.

Vouchers: Bodkin, BOL 6929; Bolus 8540; Dahlgren

& Peterson 860, 1305, 1306; Dahlgren & Strid 3678,

4213, 4233; Galpin 10462.

Breadth and shape of the leaflets are variable: from

suborbicular to narrowly ovate or rhombic, the latter often

petiolate and more sharply spine-tipped [Dahlgren in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 136 (I960)]; the forms with broadest

leaflets are from the Elim region, Bredasdorp Division.

The species is similar to A . psoraleoides (no. 33), from

which it differs in the small, narrow bracts, and to A. steno-

phylla (no. 36) and A. inops (no. 37), from which it differs

in the broader leaflets, the shorter bracts and bracteoles, and

more velutinous pubescence on branchlets and calyx.

35. Aspalathus aspalathoides (L.)

Rothm. in Feddes Reprium 50: 75 (1941);

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 114

(1960); in Bot. Notiser 114: 319 (1961); in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 149 (1963). Type:

‘Aspalathus anthylloides lotoides’ in herb.

Linnaeus (LINN, lecto.!), both specific names

deleted with a line.

Anthyllis lotoides L., Cent. PI. 27 (1756) illeg. , non

Anthyllis lotoides L., Sp. PL: 720 (1753). Type of Anthyllis

lotoides L. 1756, as for the preceding.

Anthyllis aspalathoides L., Syst. Nat. 2 (edn 10): 1160

(May-June 1759) called Anthyllis asphaltoides in L.,

Amoen. 4: 326 (Nov. 1759). Type: as for the preceding.

Aspalathus anthylloides L., Sp. PI. 2 (edn 2): 1002

(1763); Lam., Encycl. 1: 292 (1783); Thunb., Prodr. 2: 125

(1800); Diss. Bot. Aspalathus 1: 8 (1802); FI. Cap. edn 2:

574 (1823); Willd., Sp. PI. 1803: 965 (1803); DC., Prodr.

2: 162 (1825); Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 196 (1836); E.

Mey., Comm. 1: 39 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 483

(1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 599 (1848);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 105 (1862); H. Bol. & Wolley-Dod,

Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 14: 252 (1903); Adamson &

Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 475 (1950). Achyronia anthyl-

lo(i)des (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3: 48 (1893). Type as for

the preceding.

Aspalathus kraussiana Meisn. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot.

2: 69 (1843); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 599

(1848). Aspalathus anthylloides L. var. ((3) kraussiana

(Meisn.) Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 105 (1862). Type: Cape, near

Klein River, Caledon Division, Krauss 821 (K, lecto. !).

Aspalathus stellaris Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 197

(1836). Paraspalathus stellaris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Presl, Bot.

Bemerk. 129 (1844). Type: Cape, near Gaurizriver, Swel-

lendam Division (?), Ecklon & Zeyher 1360 (S, lecto.!; G,

K, P, SAM).

A moderately or sparingly branched, erect

or ascending shrublet or shrub, 0,15-0,4 m

tall. Young branches woolly tomentose. Leaves

of the young branches generally not (yet) with

axillary short-shoots. Leaflets flat, linear or lan-

ceolate, (5 — )10— 20 x 2-6 mm, weak, coria-

ceous or rigid, acute or subobtuse, green, veiny

or almost smooth (midvein distinct) and subgla-

brous or with sparse rather long hairs. Inflores-

cence a terminal head of 6— 20 subsessile flow-

ers, subtended by one or two of the uppermost

leaves (which may look like an involucre).

Bract linear or subfiliform, weak, 3-8 mm

long, sparsely long-pubescent. Bracteoles simi-

lar to the bract or short, 1-6 mm long. Calyx

tube covered with long, ± white-sericeous to

somewhat spreading pubescence; lobes linear-

subulate, 3,5-6 mm long, weak, tapering,

sometimes with distinct midvein, with sparse

long hairs. Petals bright yellow, often partly

reddish on standard. Standard blade elliptic,

8—13 x 5,5-13 mm, obtuse-retuse, densely

sericeous on the back. Wing blades elongate,

oblong or broadest on apical half, 7-12 X

2, 2-2, 8 mm, pubescent on lower basal half or

less. Keel blades 5,5-8 x 2,5-4 mm, with

straight or slightly upcurved upper margin,

hairy on most parts. Pistil : ovary sericeous on

most parts; ovules 2; style glabrous. Pods not

seen. Chromosome number. 2n=l6. Figure 14:

1-10.

Distributed on the Cape Peninsula and in the Somerset

West, Caledon, Bredasdorp and Swellendam Divisions as

far as Gouritz River, with an outpost in Robertson Division

(Keur Kloof). The species grows on stony and rocky hill

slopes (Table Mountain Sandstone) in low fynbos vegeta-

tion. Map 17.

Vouchers: Bolus 9336; Compton 5819; Dahlgren &

Peterson 506; Schlechter 9424; Wolley-Dod 2162.

Variable in leaf texture, pubescence, and floral details.

The Cape Peninsula forms have long-pubescent branches

and smooth leaflets and slender bracts and calyx lobes. In

the Caledon and, even more the Bredasdorp Divisions, the

leaflets tend to be more veiny (with distinct midvein and

FIGURE 14. Aspalathus aspalathoides (1-10); A. stenophylla (11-17). — 1, 11, 17: branch tips with inflores-

cences; 2, 6, 13: flowers; 3, 7, 12: bract; 4, 8, 14: wing petals; 5, 9, 15: keel petals; 10, 16: pistils. — 1-5, 10 from

Dahlgren & Peterson 854\ 6-9 from Dahlgren & Peterson 579 ; 11, 13-15 from Dahlgren & Peterson 721 ; 12 from

Esterhuysen 23790; 16, 17 from Esterhuysen 2855. — (1 x 1,6; 2, 6, 8, 9, 17 x 3, 2; 3-5, 7, 10, 12—16 x4; 11 x2,4.)

3,6: 70

Crotalarieae

Figure 15. Aspalathus inops (1 — 10); A. taylorii (11 — 19). — 1, 3, 11: parts of branches with inflorescences; 2:

branchlet; 4, 13: flowers; 5, 14: bracts; 6: calyx; 7: standard, front view; 8, 17: wing petals; 9, 18: keel petals; 10, 19:

pistils; 12: leaflet; 15: bracteole (prophyll); 16: standard, side view. — 1, 2 from Ecklon & Zeyher 1362 ; 3—10 from Bolus

11256', 11 — 19 from Taylor 4484. — (1, 2, 4-10, 12-19 x 4;3, 11 x2.)

Crotalarieae

3,6:71

laterals), subglabrous, and often ± rigid, shiny and acute,

and the bracts subulate rather than filiform. The easternmost

forms are rather small-flowered.

A. aspalathoides is obviously most closely allied to

A. stenophylla (no. 36), A. psoraleoides (no. 33) and

A. marginata (no. 34).

Linnaeus called the species Anthyllis aspalathoides at

first, then changed the name to Aspalathus anthylloides.

Rothmaler (1941) made the combination Aspalathus ‘as-

phaltoides’ , based on Anthyllis asphaltoides L., Amoen. 4

(1759) which is here considered an orthographic variant.

36. Aspalathus stenophylla Eckl. &

Zeyh., Enum. 2: 197 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea

13: 485 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J.

Bot. 7: 598 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 104

(1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4:

120 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 149 (1963); in Bot.

Notiser 121: 519 (1968). Type: Cape, Sonder-

end River at Linde, Swellendam Division, Eck-

lon & Zeyher 1361 (S, lecto.!; SAM).

Paraspalathus stenophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Presl, Bot.

Bemerk. 129 (1844). Achyronia stenophylla (Eckl. &

Zeyh.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891).

Aspalathus canaliculata E. Mey., Comm. 1: 44 (1836).

Type: Cape, nearGenadendal, Caledon Division, Drege (S,

lecto.!, G,K,P).

An ascending or, more rarely, decumbent

shrublet 0,05—0,35 m tall, sparingly to rather

freely branched. Young branches short-tomen-

tose. Leaves of young long-shoots without, on

older branches with lateral short-shoots. Leaf-

lets from narrowly oblanceolate to linear-spa-

thulate, (2 — )5 — 10( — 14) x 0,6— 1,5 mm, flat,

coriaceous-camose, acute to apiculate, with

distinct midvein and sometimes with distinct

laterals, green, the upper sparingly puberulous,

glabrescent. Inflorescence a terminal group or

head of (1 — ) 2-4 (—5) flowers. Bract linear,

1-3 mm long or less, puberulous. Pedicel less

than 1 mm long, tomentose. Bracteoles similar

to bract or lacking, up to c. 1 mm long. Calyx

tube campanulate, tomentose; lobes subulate-

subfiliform, (1 — )3 — 5 mm long, weak, sparsely

hairy. Petals bright yellow or partly reddish

brown. Standard blade circular, 7-10,2 x

5,5— 1 1 ,2 mm, obtuse to retuse, short-sericeous

on the back. Wing blades very narrowly elliptic,

(5,5-) 6-8 X (1,8-) 2-3,4 mm, sericeous on

lower third. Keel blades (5,5-) 6-7,3 x 2-3

mm, slightly upcurved, short-sericeous on most

parts. Pistil sericeous on ovary and upper side

of the basal half of the style; ovules 2. Pods not

seen. Chromosome number. 2n=±16. Figure

14: 11-17.

Distributed from the western part of the Caledon Divi-

sion (Houwhoek) in the west through part of Bredasdorp

Division to the Robertson, Montagu and Swellendam Divi-

sions. The species grows on (often white) sand or in gravel

weathered from Table Mountain Sandstone, in low fynbos

vegetation. Map 18.

Vouchers: Bolus 1132 ; Dahlgren & Peterson 561,

721, 833; Dahlgren & Strid 3903, 3918, 4362; Esterhuysen

23790; Schlechter 5437.

A. stenophylla is rather variable in floral size and

breadth of the leaflets. On the basis of this it may be subdi-

vided into subsp. stenophylla, comprising the eastern

forms, which are more decumbent and have narrower leaf-

lets and somewhat smaller flowers, and subsp. colorata

Dahlg. [in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 122 (I960)] which

comprises the western, ascending forms with leaflets of

long-shoot leaves 1,5-2 mm long and rather large flowers

(standard blade c. 8,5 mm, wing blades 7-7,5 mm). The

differences between these subspecies are rather subtle, how-

ever, and it may not be necessary to separate them.

The species is closely allied to A. inops (no. 37) and

the delimitation between these species is doubtful (note that

A. stenophylla subsp. garciana has here been transferred to

A. inops). These species are allied to A. aspalathoides (no.

35), A. marginata (no. 34), A. psoraleoides (no. 33) and

A. cytisoides (no. 29).

37. Aspalathus inops Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enum. 2: 197 (1836); Benth. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 7: 597 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 103

(1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4:

131 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 149 (1963). Type:

Cape, in mountains near Swellendam, Mund

sub Ecklon Zeyher 1362 (S, lecto. !; K).

Aspalathus capitella Burch, ex Benth. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 7: 597 (1848). Achyronia capitella (Benth.) Kuntze,

Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Type: Cape, walk from Mountain

Station to Lombards, Riversdale Division, Burchell 7148

(K, lecto.!).

Aspalathus stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. garciana

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 128 (1960). Type:

Cape, between Garcia’s Pass and Muis Kraal, Riversdale

Division, Bolus 11256 (BOL, holo.!; K, PRE).

Ascending, decumbent or procumbent low

shrublet, with branches up to 0,3 m long,

densely to sparsely branched. Young branches

densely short-tomentose. Leaves on the young-

est parts of the branches often without axillary

short-shoot. Leaflets flat, oblanceolate, spathu-

late or linear, (2— )4— 9 x 1-1,5 mm, thick,

3,6: 72

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 73

apiculate or mucronulate (not pungent), with

distinct midvein, green, glabrous or with short

sparse hairs. Inflorescence a terminal group or

head of (2 — )4 — 10 (— 12) flowers. Bract linear-

subulate, 1,5-3, 5 mm long, canaliculate,

weak, sparsely hairy. Pedicel shorter than 1

mm, short-tomentose. Bracteoles not seen in

the material (caducous). Calyx campanulate,

short-tomentose; lobes subulate, 2-3,5 mm

long, weak, pubescent. Petals yellow (-red-

dish). Standard blade circular or ovate, 5-6,5

x 4-6,5 mm, obtuse, short tomentose on the

back. Wing blades oblong, 4-5 x 1,5-2 mm,

± pubescent on the lower half of the outside.

Keel blades 4-5 x c. 2,5 mm, lunate, pubes-

cent on most parts. Pistil short- sericeous on

ovary and upper side of style base; ovules 2.

Pods not seen. Figure 15: 1-10.

Distributed in the Swellendam, Montagu and

Riversdale Divisions, along the Langeberg Mountain range.

Probably growing in sandy habitats and recorded from fairly

low altitudes (less than 450 m). Map 18.

Vouchers: Bolus 11256; Burchell 7148; Dahlgren &

Strid 2583, 3970; Ecklon & Zeyher 1362; Esterhuysen

24559; Galpin 3745; Thorne, SAM 38837.

The species is incompletely known. It is with some

hesitation that A. stenophylla subsp. garciana is united with

A. inops. The former is somewhat larger, has longer leaves,

several-flowered heads and slightly larger flowers than has

the type of A. inops. Because of strong similarities in floral

details they are here treated together.

38. Aspalathus taylorii Dahlg. in Bot.

Notiser 120: 27 (1967). Type: Cape, Tygerhoek

in the Riviersonderend region, Caledon Divi-

sion, Taylor 4484 (STE, holo.!; PRE).

A decumbent low shrublet with

0,25-0,45 m long, slender branches. Young

branches very slender, with sometimes up to 40

mm long intemodes, covered with variably

dense, tomentose pubescence. Leaves on young

long-shoots without axillary short-shoots, alter-

nate or near branch tips almost opposite. Leaf-

lets linear, broadest on distal half, 6—11 x

0,4-1 mm, partly flat or canaliculate (keeled),

basally subfiliform, apically subulate-acumi-

nate, puberulous on basal third, otherwise with

sparse, rather long, spreading hairs. Inflores-

cence in terminal capitula of 1 —5 flowers; these

small, situated close together and surrounded

by the uppermost two leaves. Bract filiform,

0,5- 1,5 mm long, very narrow, with scattered

spreading hairs. Pedicel slender, 3,5-4 mm

long but only c. 0,2— 0,3 mm thick, reddish,

densely puberulous. Bracteoles minute, visible

as a minute wart with a few hairs near the mid-

dle of the pedicel. Calyx tube infundibular, c.

1,2 mm long; short tomentose; lobes subfili-

form, 3—3,5 mm long and less than 0,2 mm

broad, weak, sparsely hairy. Petals pale to

bright yellow (turning red). Standard blade

elliptic, c. 4,5-5 X 2, 9-3, 4 mm, acute, short-

sericeous on the back. Wing blades very nar-

rowly elliptic or linear, c. 4,3 x c. 1,3 mm,

glabrous. Keel blades c. 3,5- 1,7 mm, upper

side slightly concave at middle, most parts

short-sericeous. Pistil pubescent on the upper

half of ovary and upper side of the basal half of

the style; ovules 2. Pods not seen. Figure 15:

11-18.

Known only from the type collection, from Tyger-

hoek, on the lower slopes of Spitzkop, a tributary of Rivier-

sonderend, growing in coarse sand (from Table Mountain

Sandstone) at c. 200 m altitude in low fynbos vegetation.

Map 18.

Voucher: Taylor 4484.

Distinct by its slender, peduncle-like branchlets, with

subopposite leaves near the tip, and the cluster of tiny, long

and slender-pedicelled flowers.

Probably allied to A. inops (no. 37).

39. Aspalathus acidota Garab. ex Dahlg.

in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 104 (1960); ibid.

9 (1): 147 (1963). Type: Cape, hills north-west

of Mouton’s Vlei, Piketberg Mountains, Pillans

7442 (BOL, holo.!).

A rigid, much branched shrub up to

more than 1 m tall; young branches rigid,

tomentose- villous. Leaflets flat or somewhat

keeled, narrowly lanceolate, (4— )8 — 14 x

(0,5 — )1 ,5 — 2,5 mm, rigid, slightly recurved,

FIGURE 16. Aspalathus acidota (1—9); A. borboniifolia (10—16). — 1, 10: branch ends with inflorescences; 2:

bract; 3: bracteole (prophyll); 4, 11: flowers (bracts and bracteoles removed); 5, 12: standard petals, back view; 6, 13: wing

petals; 7, 14: keel petals; 8, 15: pistils; 9, 16: fruits. — 1-9 from Esterhuysen 16184 ; 10-15 from Esterhuysen 26567; 16

from Dahlgren & Peterson 1249. — (I x2,4;2-9, 11-16 x4; 10 x2.)

3,6: 74

Crotalarieae

Maps 19 & 20. — Map 19. Aspalathus rupestris (triangles); A. venosa (rhomboids); A. polycephala subsp. rigida

(squares).— Map 20. A. polycephala subsp. polycephala (inverted triangles); A. polycephala subsp. lanatifolia (dots);

A. esterhuyseniae (squares); A. acidota (triangles); A. borboniifolia (asterisk); A. corniculata (rhomboid).

somewhat veiny, ciliate and with sparse spread-

ing hairs, tapering into a long, sharp spine. In-

florescence a terminal head of (4 — )7 — 12 flow-

ers. Bract narrowly lanceolate, 8-18 x 1-2

mm, similar to but more pubescent than the

leaflets of the vegetative leaves. Pedicel c. 1

mm long or less, pubescent. Bracteoles linear,

7-14 mm long, spine-tipped. Calyx tube

white- woolly or sericeous, the lobes linear,

7-10 mm long, linear-subulate, ciliate, each

ending as a sharp, glabrous spine. Petals bright

yellow, partly becoming reddish. Standard

blade obovate or circular, 8-10 x 9-10 mm,

obtuse or retuse, white-tomentose (or sericeous)

on most of the back. Wing blades oblong, 7-8

x c. 3 mm, broadest on apical half, glabrous or

with a few apical hairs. Keel blades 6-7 x c.

3,5 mm, sericeous on most of apical half. Pistil

pubescent on the whole ovary and on the style

base; ovules 5 or 6. Pod obliquely ovate, c. 7 x

3,7 mm, pubescent. Figure 16: 1-9.

Distributed on the Piketberg Mountain and the

Twentyfour River Mountains (Piketberg Division) and the

southernmost parts of the Olifants River Mountains

(Keerom area) in the Clanwilliam Division. It is recorded

from altitudes of 500-600 m in fissures of sandstone rocks,

in fynbos scrub. Map 20.

Vouchers: Compton 3644; Dahlgren & Strid 3213,

3219; Esterhuysen 16184; 17915; Pillans 7442, 8679; Ste-

phens, Percy Sladen Mem. Exp. 6890.

A distinct species, similar to A. borboniifolia (no. 40),

but with broader petals, totally pubescent ovary and smaller

pods. Both of these resemble, to some extent, A.cordata

(no. 67) and A. barbata (no. 68), which have simple (unifo-

liolate) leaves, but whether there is a close relationship

between these species groups is not quite clear.

40. Aspalathus borboniifolia Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 109 (1960); ibid. 9

(1): 147 (1963). Type: Cape, north-eastern

slopes of Table Mountain at Newlands Ravine,

Cape Town Division, Esterhuysen 26567

(BOL, holo. !; LD).

Crotalarieae

3,6: 75

Erect or ascending shrub, 0,2-0, 6 m tall,

with rigid branches; young branches white-

tomentose or woolly. Short-shoots soon

developed in axils of long-shoot leaves. Leaf-

lets lanceolate, (4-) 7-13 x (0,5-) 1,2-2, 5

mm, flat, more or less keeled, rigid, sparsely

ciliate but otherwise subglabrous, veiny, each

tapering into a long, sharp spine. Inflorescence

a head of 4 - 14 flowers. Bract narrowly lanceo-

late, 8-15 x 1-2 mm, spine-tipped. Pedicel

c. 1 mm long or less, pubescent. Bracteoles

similar to the bract, 7—11 mm long. Calyx with

sparse spreading hairs; the lobes linear-subu-

late, 7-9 mm long, tapering into a long, sharp

spine. Petals yellow to ± reddish. Standard

blade elliptic or ovate, 7, 5 -8, 5 x 5-7 mm,

retuse, pubescent on apical two-thirds of back.

Wing blades oblong, 6,5— 7,5 x 2,5-3 mm,

subglabrous (few hairs on lower apical half).

Keel blades 6-6,5 x 2,5—3 mm, pubescent on

apical half. Pistil and basal half of style

pubescent only along the upper edge, otherwise

glabrous; ovules 6 or 7. Pod obliquely and nar-

rowly ovate, c. 10 x 4,5 mm, glabrous except

along upper suture, smooth. Figure 16: 10-16.

Restricted to the slopes of Table Mountain facing Dev-

il’s Peak (i.e. above the ‘Knife Edge’) near Cape Town,

growing between rocks (Table Mountain Sandstone) in fyn-

bos vegetation. Map 20.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 1249 ; Esterhuysen

26567 , 26689; Jacobsen, SAM 50675.

Long overlooked, and apart from Jacobsen’s find (in

1932) first collected by Esterhuysen in 1956.

Closely similar to A. acidota (no. 39) (see under that

species).

41. Aspalathus corniculata Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 101 (1960); ibid. 9

(1): 147 (1963). Type: Cape, Neethlingsberg,

Witzenberg, Ceres Division, Esterhuysen

22520 (BOL, holo.!).

Small, ascending shrublet, rather freely

branched, with rigid, rather slender branches

puberulous on the young parts. Short-shoots

soon developed in axils of long-shoot leaves.

Leaflets (of long-shoot leaves) flat, lanceolate,

3-6 x 1 — 1,5 mm, keeled-canaliculate, rigid,

recurved, glabrous (or subglabrous), tapering

into a sharp spinelet c. 1 mm long or more.

Inflorescence consisting of a terminal group of

2—3 small flowers attached at nearly the same

point. Bract subulate-lanceolate, 2—4 mm

long, half consisting of an apical spine, ciliate.

Pedicel c. 0,5 mm long, tomentose. Bracteoles

subulate, c. 2 mm long. Calyx tube short -

tomentose; lobes linear-subulate, 4-5 mm

long, subglabrous, tapering into a sharp, ± re-

curved spine; lowest lobe somewhat longer than

the others. Petals yellow or ± red. Standard

blade ovate, c. 6 x 5,3 mm, obtuse, short-hairy

on the back. Wing blades oblong, c. 4,7 x 1,7

mm, glabrous. Keel blades 5—5,5 x c. 2,5

mm, pubescent on the lower parts of the apical

half, with convex upper margin. Pistil pubes-

cent on ovary and style base; ovules 4 or 5. Pod

lanceolate-fusiform, c. 9 x 2,7 mm, smooth,

sparsely hairy. Figure 17: 1-9.

Known only from the type collection, on the low rocky

slopes of the Neethlingsberg, Witzenberg in Ceres Divi-

sion. Map 20.

The similarity in petal shape with A. esterhuyseniae

(no. 42) suggests a close relationship.

42. Aspalathus esterhuyseniae Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 99 (1960); ibid. 9

(1): 147 (1963). Type: Cape, slopes above

Sneeugat, Great Winterhoek Mountain, Tul-

bagh Division, Esterhuysen 27025 (BOL,

holo.!; LD).

A. pumila Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 95

(I960); ibid. 9 (1): 147 (1963). Type: Cape, Olifants River

Mountains at northern end of Great Winterhoek Mountain,

S of Groen, Ceres Division, Esterhuysen 13450 (BOL,

holo.!).

Procumbent, decumbent or ascending

shrublets, densely to sparingly branched with

small leaves and flowers. Young branches

tomentose. Leaflets oblanceolate or linear,

broadest in distal half, 2-7 x 0,7-2 mm, flat,

apiculate, with distinct midvein, glabrous or

with sparse spreading hairs. Inflorescence con-

sisting of 1-3 flowers emerging at the same

point at the branch tips. Bracts subulate or lan-

ceolate, 0,5-3 mm long, pointed, ciliate. Pedi-

cel up to c. 1 mm long. Bracteoles subulate, up

to c. 3 mm long, usually much less. Calyx tube

short-pubescent; lowest lobe distinctly larger

than the others; lobes linear-spathulate, the low-

est 3-5 mm long, others 2, 8-4, 5 mm long,

pointed, subglabrous, rigid. Petals yellow or

3,6: 76

Crotalarieae

Figure 17. Aspalathus corniculata (1-9); A. esterhuyseniae (10-19). — 1, 10, 12: branches with inflorescences;

2, 11, 13: flowers; 3, 14: bracts; 4, 15: bracteoles (prophylls); 5, 16: standard petals, back view; 6, 17: wing petals; 7, 18:

keel petals; 8, 19: pistils; 9: fruit. — 1-9 from Esterhuysen 22520\ 10, 11 from Esterhuysen 19824', 12-19 from

Esterhuysen 13450.— (I x3,6; 2-9, 12, 13, 16-18 x4; 10 x3,2; 11 X4,8; 14, 15, 19 x8.)

Crotalarieae

3,6: 77

partly purplish, ± rubescent. Standard blade

ovate, 5—6 x 5—6 mm, obtuse, short-hairy on

the back. Wing blades elongate, 3,5-4 x c.

1,5 mm, apically rounded, glabrous. Keel

blades 4-5 x 1,5—3 mm, often with slightly

convex upper margin, glabrous except along the

lower margin. Pistil pubescent on upper half of

ovary and on style base; ovules 2. Ripe pods not

seen. Figure 17: 10—19.

Known from the Great Winterhoek Mountain, Tulbagh

Division, northwards to the southern parts of Cederberg

Mountains (at Elands Kloof) in the Clanwilliam Division,

growing at altitudes of 1 000 to 1 400 m on rocky moun-

tains in fynbos. Map 20.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 13450, 19824, 27025; Schlech-

ler 10037; Stokoe SAM 55974.

Some forms growing at c. 300 m on the Great Winter-

hoek Mountain, are rather slender and procumbent with

larger flowers and longer leaves and bracts than the other

forms which may be from higher levels. Very small bracts

and bracteoles occur in forms from the Ceres Division (Cold

Bokkeveld).

Much smaller in all parts than A. rupestris (no. 43),

and similar also to A. corniculata (no. 41), which has taper-

ing, more spiny leaflets and calyx lobes.

43. Aspalathus rupestris Dahlg. in. Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 89 (I960); ibid. 9(1):

148 (1963). Type: Cape, mountains 4 miles E

of Waterfall, east of Citrusdal, Clanwilliam Di-

vision, Dahlgren & Peterson 1007 (LD, holo.!;

BOL).

An erect or ascending shrublet, 0,2— 0,4

(-0,8) m tall, rather branched; branches rigid,

the young ones densely short-tomentose. Short-

shoots soon developed in axils of long-shoot

leaves. Leaflets oblanceolate, 4—10 x 1 — 1,5

mm, stiff, leathery, apically spine-tipped, gla-

brous, ± veiny. Inflorescence a terminal head

of 3-9 subsessile flowers. Bract ovate-lanceo-

late (-linear), 4-9 x 0,5-3 mm, stiff, apically

spine-tipped, rigid, veiny, often ± recurved,

glabrous except for marginal ciliation. Pedicel

shorter than 1 mm, tomentose. Bracteoles sub-

ulate, 3—8 mm long, spine-tipped. Calyx tube

densely tomentose; lowest lobe 5— 6( — 7) mm

long, ± oblanceolate, ± veiny, partly glabrous,

green, mucronate, other lobes 3-5 mm long,

triangular-subulate, spine-tipped. Petals bright

yellow. Standard blade ovate, 6, 5-8, 5 x

6, 5-8, 5 mm, obtuse, short-sericeous on the

back. Wing blades oblong, 5-6,5 x 3-3,5

mm, glabrous. Keel blades 5, 5-6, 5 x 3—3,5

mm, glabrous. Pistil pubescent on upper side of

ovary and style base; ovules (2— )4(5). Pod nar-

rowly and obliquely ovate, 5-6 X 2,5-3 mm,

smooth, dark when ripe. Figure 18: 10-19.

Distributed on mountains from the Matroosberg, Wor-

cester Division, through the Ceres and Tulbagh Divisions

(Great Winterhoek) to the southern part of the Clanwilliam

Division at altitudes of up to 1 500 m (sometimes on moun-

tain summits). The species grows in rock fissures and sand

weathered from rocks of Table Mountain Sandstone, in

fynbos vegetation. Map 19.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 1007, 1009; Ester-

huysen 9847, 13458, 19823, 22574, 24084, 27026.

Strongly reminiscent of, but with less enlarged median

calyx lobe than A. suaveolens (no. 44) and A. fasciculata

(no. 45) on the Great Winterhoek Mountain.

44. Aspalathus suaveolens Eckl. &

Zeyh., Enum. 2: 199 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea

13: 481 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J.

Bot. 7: 594 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 101

(1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 87

(1960); ibid. 9 (1): 148 (1963). Type: Cape,

Winterhoekberg, Tulbagh Division, Ecklon <£

Zeyher 1369 (SAM, lecto. !; G, K, P, S).

Heterolathus suaveolens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Presl, Bot. Be-

merk. 132 (1844). Achyronia suaveolens (Eckl. & Zeyh.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891).

A decumbent shrublet with much weaker

and more slender branches than in A. fascicu-

lata (no. 45), reaching only c. 0,2 m above the

ground. Young branches tomentose. Upper

leaves without axillary short-shoots. Leaflets

flat, linear-(ob)lanceolate, those of long-shoot

leaves 10—14 x 1—2,5 mm, acute, weak,

green, subglabrous but with long, spreading

hairs on the margins. Inflorescence a terminal

head of 4-10 shortly pedicellate flowers.

Bracts elliptic or lanceolate, tapering at each

end, 10-13 x 4-5 mm, partly pale, veiny,

subglabrous but marginally ciliate, pointed.

Pedicel 1-2 mm long, tomentose. Bracteoles

linear, 9-11 x 0,5-1 mm, ciliate. Calyx

clothed with sparse, rather spreading hairs; low-

est lobe larger than the others, oblanceolate -

linear, ‘boat-shaped’, 9-10 x 3-3,5 mm,

subglabrous but marginally ciliate; other lobes

linear, 7-8 x 1 — 1,5 mm, ciliate. Petals yel-

low. Standard ovate, c. 8-9 x 8-9 mm, api-

cally retuse, sericeous on the back. Wing blades

3,6: 78

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 79

oblong, 7-8 X 3-3,5 mm, glabrous. Keel

5-6 x c. 4 mm, with straight upper margin,

glabrous. Pistil puberulous on the base and up-

per edge of ovary; ovules 7 or 8. Pods not seen.

Figure 18: 6-9.

Like A. fasciculata (no. 45) this species is probably

restricted to the Great Winterhoek Mountain, Tulbagh Divi-

sion. It is recorded from altitudes of 700 to 1 250 m, the

latter on a high plateau. Map 18.

Vouchers: Bolus 5015; Ecklon & Zeyher 1369; Ester-

huysen 27018; Phillips 1720.

Obviously close to A. fasciculata (no. 45), A. rupestris

(no. 43), A. venosa (no. 47) and A. polycephala (no. 46),

all with the lowest calyx lobe enlarged and with many other

shared features.

45. Aspalathus fasciculata ( Thunb .)

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 83 (1960);

ibid. 9 (1): 148 (1963). Type: Ononis fascicu-

lata in herb. Thunberg (UPS, lecto.!).

Achyronia fasciculata (Thunb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:

157 (1891). Ononis fasciculata Thunb., Prodr. 2: 130

(1800); FI. Cap. edn 2: 589 (1823).

Aspalathus undulata Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 199

(1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 484 (1839); Benth. in Hooker,

Lond. J. Bot. 7: 594(1839); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 101 (1862).

Type: Cape, Winterhoekberg, Tulbagh Division, Ecklon &

Zeyher 1368 (S, lecto.!; BOL, G, K, P).

Aspalathus involucrata E. Mey., Comm. 1: 38 (1836).

Heterolathus involucrata (E. Mey.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk.

132 (1844). Type: Cape, Winterhoekberg, Drege (S,

lecto. !;BM,G,K,P,PRE).

An erect, rigid shrub 0,5-1 m tall, rather

much branched; young branches tomentose.

Short-shoots soon developed in axils of long-

shoot leaves. Leaflets flat, oblanceolate (or

obovate), 5-10 x 2-3 mm, stiff, somewhat

keeled, veiny (distinct midvein and more vague

laterals), glabrous or those on long-shoots

ciliate on margins, apically pointed to mucro-

nate. Inflorescence a dense head of 6—8 (—10)

flowers in the axils of ± wide bracts forming an

‘involucre’. Bracts obovate, the largest up to 12

x 10 mm, subglabrous, partly pale but distally

green, glabrous except for the puberulous base

and ciliate margins, with numerous ± distinct

veins, apically retuse to acute. Pedicel c. 1 mm

long. Bracteoles linear, up to c. 9 x 2 mm,

veiny, partly pubescent. Calyx tube pubescent;

lowest lobe enlarged, oblanceolate (‘boat-

shaped’), 9-10 mm long, green, veiny, partly

glabrous (but ciliate); other lobes c. 7 mm long,

linear-triangular, pubescent. Petals bright yel-

low. Standard ovate, c. 11 x 9,5 mm, seri-

ceous on most of back; the sides ± recurved.

Wing blades oblong, c. 7 x 2,2 mm, glabrous.

Keel blades c. 6,2 x 3 mm, glabrous. Pistil

pubescent only on the short stipe and ovary

base, otherwise glabrous; ovules usually 5. Pod

obliquely and narrowly triangular-ovate, 8-9

x c. 4 mm, glabrous or subglabrous. Figure 18:

1-5.

Probably restricted to the lower slopes of the Great

Winterhoek Mountain, Tulbagh Division, at levels of c.

200-450 m, in fynbos scrub. Map 18.

Vouchers: Bolus 5012; Dahlgren & Peterson 1115,

1118; Drege, Winterhoek; Ecklon & Zeyher 1368.

Obviously close to A. suaveolens (no. 44), A. rupestris

(no. 43), A. venosa (no. 47) and A. polycephala (no. 46).

46. Aspalathus polycephala E. Mey.,

Comm. 1: 39 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 438

(1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 595

(1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 102 (1862); Dahlg.

in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 67 (1960); ibid. 9

(1): 149 (1963). Type: Cape, Cederbergen, be-

tween Honig Vlei and Boskloof, Clanwilliam

Division, Drege (S, lecto.!; BOL, K, P, PRE).

Heterolathus polycephala (E. Mey.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk.

132 (1844). Achyronia polycephala (E. Mey.) Kuntze,

Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 157 (1891).

Aspalathus rigida Schltr., Bot. Jb. 27: 145 (1900). Type:

Cape, Pakhuis Berg, Clanwilliam Division, Schlechter (K,

lecto.!; BOL). See subsp. rigida, below.

An erect, or ascending, rarely decumbent,

moderately branched shrub or shrublet (0,2-)

0,7- 1,5 m tall. Young branches densely to-

mentose. Leaves trifoliolate, the upper often

FIGURE 18. Aspalathus fasciculata (1-5); A. suaveolens (6-9); A. rupestris (10-19). — 1, 6, 10, 11: branches

with inflorescences; 2, 8, 12, 13, 14: bracts (12 from peripheral, 13 from intermediately placed, and 14 from central flower

in head); 3: calyx, middle lobe = the median; 4, 9, 19: pistils; 5: fruit; 7, 16: flowers; 15: bracteoles (prophylls) of

peripheral, middle and central flowers, respectively; 17: wing petal; 18: keel petal. — 1-5 from Dahlgren & Peterson

1155', 6—9 from Bolus 5015 ; 10 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1007; 11 — 19 from Esterhuysen 13458. — (1,6, 10, 11 x2; 7

x3,2; 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12-19 x4.)

3,6: 80

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 81

without, the lower with axillary short-shoots.

Leaflets flat, those of long-shoot leaves lanceo-

late (-ovate), 2-9 x 1—3 mm, apically re-

curved, with a mucro or spinelet, grey-seri-

ceous or ± greenish and with spreading pu-

bescence. Inflorescence an apical group or head

of 2-12 flowers emerging at nearly the same

point. Bract broadly lanceolate (-ovate), 3-9

x 1 ,5-3,5 mm, flat, apically recurved and api-

culate. Pedicel short, tomentose. Bracteoles

lanceolate or linear, 2,5-10 x 0,3— 1,5 mm,

flat, hairy. Calyx lanate or sericeous; the lowest

lobe enlarged, 3,5-9 x 1-4 mm, oblanceo-

late, spine-tipped, the other lobes narrowly

triangular, shorter, acuminate-spine-tipped. Pe-

tals light yellow or yellow or standard ± violet.

Standard blade ovate, 5-9 x 5-7 mm, ob-

tuse, sericeous (or partly tomentose) on back.

Wing blades rather small, narrowly triangular,

3,5-4,5 x c. 2 mm, glabrous or with few hairs

distally. Keel blades 4, 5-6,5 x 2, 5-3, 5 mm,

sericeous on most parts. Pistil: ovary sericeous;

style glabrous except at the base; ovules 2. Pod

narrowly and obliquely ovate, 5-8 x 2, 5-3, 5

mm, smooth, sericeous.

Restricted to the mountains in the northern and central

parts of the Clanwilliam Division with the centre in the

Cederberg Mountains. The habitat is rocky slopes (Table

Mountain Sandstone) in fynbos vegetation.

The species is variable and divisible into three subspe-

cies according to the following key:

la Leaflets of young branches grey-sericeous

46c. subsp. rigida

lb Leaflets of young branches with spreading, to-

mentose pubescence:

2a Standard blade more than 7,5 mm long; lowest

calyx lobe ± 7 mm long or more; bracts ± 8

mm long or more 46a. subsp. polycephala

2b Standard blade less than 7,5 mm long; lowest

calyx lobe ± 5 mm long or less; bracts ± 5

mm long or less 46b. subsp. lanatifolia

46a. subsp. polycephala.

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 71

(1960). Corresponds to the type of the species.

Shrub rigid, the young branches tomentose

or woolly. Leaflets 5—8 x 1,5— 2,5 mm, with

spreading pubescence. Flower heads with up to

at least 6 flowers. Flowers larger than in the

other subspecies. Bracts 5-9 x 1,5-3, 5 mm;

bracteoles 8-10 x c. 1,5 mm. Lowest calyx

lobe 7—9 x c. 4 mm long; standard 8—9 x c.

7 mm; wing blades 3,5-4, 5 x c. 2 mm; keel

blades 6-6,5 x 3-3,5 mm. Figure 19:

15-19.

Known only from the type collection in northern Ce-

derberg, between Honig Vlei and Bos Kloof south-east of

Clanwilliam, at an altitude of 700 to 1 000 m. The collec-

tion has extreme measurements within the species but ap-

proaches subsp. lanatifolia in pubescence and the largest

forms of subsp. rigida in floral size. Map 20.

46b. subsp. lanatifolia Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 4: 77 (1960). Type: Cape,

Middleberg, Cederberg range, Clanwilliam Di-

vision, Esterhuysen 7224 (BOL, holo.!).

Ascending or erect shrubs (shrublets),

rather densely branched, with rigid branches;

young branches woolly-pubescent. Leaflets

generally 3-7 x 1, 5-2,5 mm, greenish, with

spreading pubescence. Flowers in heads, 4-12

together, smaller than in subsp. polycephala.

Bract 3-4 x c. 2,5 mm; bracteoles 3-4 mm

long. Lowest calyx lobe 4,5-5 mm long;

standard blade 6-7 x 6-7 mm; wing blades

3,5-4 x 2 mm; keel blades c. 5 x 2,7 mm.

Figure 19: 1-6.

Distributed in the central parts of the Cederberg

Range, Clanwilliam Division at altitudes of 800- 1 150 m.

Map 20.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 7224; Compton 6206, 12688;

Drege, Ezelsbank.

Occurring for the most part south of subsp. rigida and

subsp. polycephala.

46c. subsp. rigida ( Schltr .) Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 73 (1960). Type: as for

Aspalathus rigida Schltr. on which it is based,

see above.

FIGURE 19. Aspalathus polycephala subsp. lanatifolia (1-6); A. polycephala subsp. rigida (7-14); A. polyce-

phala subsp. polycephala (15-19); A. venosa (20- 26). — 1, 7, 20: branches with inflorescences; 2, 8, 15, 21: bracts; 3,

9, 16, 22: bracteoles (prophylls); 4, 10, 17, 23: flowers (bracts and bracteoles removed except for bracteole in 4); 5, 11, 18,

24: wing petals; 6, 12, 19, 25: keel petals; 13, 26: pistils; 14: fruit. — 1-6 from Esterhuysen 7224 ; 7-13 from Dahlgren &

Peterson 340 ; 14 from Dahlgren & Peterson 888 ; 15- 19 from Drige : Cederbergen; 20— 26 from Esterhuysen 22088. — (1,

7, 20 x2; 2-6, 8-19, 21-26 x4.)

3,6:82

Crotalarieae

Shrubs or shrublets 0,2-1 ,5 m tall, some-

times rather lanky, young branches short-to-

mentose. Leaflets (2—) 4-9 x 1-3 mm, grey-

sericeous, often appearing silvery (to blueish

grey). Flowers in terminal groups, 2-5 to-

gether; flowers variable in size, generally smal-

ler than in subsp. polycephala and with more

sericeous pubescence. Bract 3-6 x 1, 5-2,5

mm; bracteoles 2,5— 5,5 mm long. Lowest ca-

lyx lobe 3,5-7 (often c. 5) mm long; standard

blade 5,5— 8,5 x 5,5 — 7,5 mm; wing blades

3,3— 4,8 x 1,7— 2,5 mm, and keel blades

4.5— 6,5 x 2,5— 3,5 mm. Pods 5—8 x

2. 5- 3, 5 mm. Figure 19: 7- 14.

Distributed mainly in the northern parts of the Ceder-

berg Mountains, but also on Lambert’s Hoek and Nardouw

Mountains, all in Clanwilliam Division. It occurs at various

altitudes, on the Sneeuwberg Mountain up to 1 250 m, but

usually at much lower levels. Map 19.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 340, 888, 890; Ester-

huysen 3408, 18047, 21141, 23755; Leipoldt 4468;

Schlechter 10830.

Very variable in floral size, the smallest-flowered

specimens being from Honig Vlei near the type locality of

subsp. polycephala.

47. Aspalathus venosa E. Mey., Comm.

1: 39 (1836); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot.

7: 575 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 101 (1862);

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 80 (1960);

ibid. 9 (1): 149 (1963). Cited as a synonym of

A. suaveolens Eckl. & Zeyh. by Walpers in

Linnaea 13: 481 (1839). Type: Cape, Giftberg,

Vanrhynsdorp Division, Drege (S, lecto. !; G,

K, P).

Achyronia venosa (E. Mey.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen 1: 158

(1891).

Small, dense shrub with rigid, rather thick

branches woolly-tomentose on the young parts.

Short-shoots usually not developed in axils of

leaves on young branches. Leaflets flat, oblan-

ceolate or narrowly obovate, 4—8 x 2-4 mm,

leathery, shiny, glabrous, at least ± veiny, api-

cally with a slightly recurved spinelet. Inflo-

rescence an apical head of 2-8 subsessile flow-

ers. Bract obovate to broadly obovate, 3, 5 -4, 5

x 2-4,5 mm, retuse but with apical mucro,

subglabrous but marginally ciliate and pu-

bescent on the base. Bracteoles linear-oblan-

ceolate, 3-4,5 x 2-4,5 mm, retuse but with

apical mucro, subglabrous but marginally ci-

liate and pubescent on the base. Calyx tube

woolly-tomentose on most parts; lowest lobe

enlarged, c. 4 mm long, partly glabrous, api-

cally recurved and pointed; other lobes c. 2 mm

long, triangular, hairy, spine-tipped. Petals yel-

low or turning reddish, their shape and pubes-

cence as in A. polycephala (no. 46). Standard

blade c. 7 x 6,5 mm. Wing blades c. 5 x 2,4

mm. Keel blades c. 6 x 2,8 mm. Pistil: ovary

and upper part of style base hairy; ovules 4 or 5.

Pods not seen. Figure 19: 20-26.

Perhaps restricted to the Gifberg Mountain in the Van-

rhynsdorp Division, where the species occurs at altitudes of

400 - 500 m on sandy ground among rocks, in fynbos vege-

tation. Map 19.

Vouchers: Drege, Giftberg; Esterhuysen 22088.

This species is obviously most closely related to A.

polycephala (no. 46), from which it differs in the glabrous

leaves and bracts, and the more numerous ovules.

Group 4: Crotalariiformes

Erect, not or sparingly branched shrublet. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets flat, coriaceous, lanceo-

late, subglabrous or glabrous except for marginal ciliation, veined, not spine-tipped. Leaf base

with spines or spurs lacking. Leaflets in threes, short-shoots, where developed, consisting of

flower only. Inflorescences unifloral, on lateral short-shoots, dispersed along the branch for nearly

all its length. Bract not accreted to base of pedicel, small, simple. Pedicel long, pubescent.

Bracteoles small, simple. Calyx not fleshy, puberulous; lobes triangular, flat, short, not fleshy;

lateral lobes on each side turned against each other. Petals yellow or partly reddish, not turning

black when dried. Standard short-hairy on the back. Wing blades apically rounded, partly seri-

ceous, with several rows of minute folds on the basal upper parts. Keel rostrate, tapering, partly

sericeous, without basal pouches. Anthers very unequal. Pistil basal ly hairy above; ovules 2;

stigma regular, capitate. Chromosome number: 2 n = 18.

Crotalarieae

3,6: 83

Figure 20. Aspalathus vulpina. — 1: part of branch with unifloral short-shoots; 2: flower, notice bract and bracteole;

3: wing petal; 4: keel petal; 5: pistil; 6: staminal sheath with pistil enclosed. — From Muir 3746. — (1 x2,4; 2-6 x4.)

48. Aspalathus vulpina Garab. ex Dahl g.

in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 297 (1960); ibid.

9 (1): 142 (1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 517

(1968). Type: Cape, Garcia’s Pass, Riversdale

Division, Phillips 374 (SAM, holo.!).

An erect, rigid, rod-like shrublet, not or

very sparingly branched. Young branches with

long, spreading pubescence. Leaflets subequal,

7-16 (often c. 10) x 1,5-5 mm, pointed,

1-3-veined, marginally long-ciliate; young

ones with sparse long hairs on the surface.

Inflorescences unifloral, on lateral leafless

short-shoots: these dispersed along (nearly) the

whole of the stem. Bract subulate-oblong,

shorter than 1 mm, puberulous, reddish. Pedi-

cel c. 3 mm long, puberulous. Bracteoles, on

distal half of the pedicel, shorter than 1 mm.

Calyx tube campanulate, sparsely puberulous;

lobes only c. 1 mm long, acute, greenish, pu-

berulous. Standard broadly ovate, c. 7 x 7

mm, obtuse, short-sericeous on the back. Wing

Map 2 1 . — Aspalathus vulpina (dots).

3,6: 84

CROTALARffiAE

blades very narrowly obovate, 7—7,2 x 3-3,5

mm, sericeous on lower and distal parts. Keel

camose, strongly rostrate, apically tapering, the

blades c. 7 mm long and c. 2,5 mm broad at the

base, without basal puckering, sericeous on the

lower third. Anthers of very unequal size, the

basifixed ones linear and long. Pistil pubescent

on upper half of ovary and on upper side of

style base; style long, curved. Pods not seen.

Figure 20.

Distributed over a limited section of the (northern side

of the) Langeberg Mountains in the Swellendam and

Riversdale Division (Barrydale to Garcia’s Pass). A. vul-

pina grows on a thin layer of sand mixed with gravel on

horizontal sandstone rocks, in fynbos vegetation [Dahlgren

inBot. Notiser 121: 517(1968)]. Map 21.

Vouchers: Barnard, SAM 32717; Dahlgren & Strid

2582, 3970; Glover, BOL 15516; Muir 3746; Phillips 374,

392; Thorne, SAM 38985.

A morphologically isolated species with a peculiar

combination of characters: rod-like stem (like A. caledonen-

sis — no. 22), lanceolate leaves (like those of A. aspala-

thoides — no. 35) and flowers with a rostrate calyx (as in A.

willdenowiana — no. 75). The closest relationships are not

clear.

Group 5: Lebeckiiformes

Shrublets, shrubs or small trees [A. pendula — no. 52), decumbent to erect; branches glabrous

or short-pubescent. Leaves unifoliolate (‘single’), linear or very narrowly lanceolate, subterete or

sometimes distinctly flat, rigid but never pungent, glabrous or minutely puberulous, not distinctly

veined, non-spiny; leaf base without spine or spur, but a pulvinar section sometimes present at the

leaflet) base; a couple of very short lateral (?stipular) teeth rarely present below this. Inflorescence

terminal, one- to few-flowered, racemose or umbellate; only rarely on a peduncle ( A . pendula).

Lateral branch sometimes developed in uppermost leaf axil and superceding inflorescence (in A.

nudiflora — no. 49). Flowers rather similar in details to those in the Pedunculares (group 6). Bract

simple, minute, tooth-like, not accreted to the pedicel base. Pedicel distinct, often rather long,

puberulous to glabrous. Bracteoles minute, tooth-like. Calyx non-fleshy, funnel-shaped to cam-

panulate, puberulous; lobes flat to terete, shorter than the tube, non-spiny, the upper broader than

the lower. Petals yellow or standard and/or keel partly purple. Standard obovate-orbicular, pubes-

cent on the back, without apical cusp. Wing blades elongate, glabrous, with 3-5 rows of minute

folds on basal upper parts. Keel blades lunate, obtuse, glabrous or ± puberulous, with distinct

basal pouch. Pistil: ovary sericeous; ovules 2-4; stigma regular, capitate or (A. nudiflora)

elongate and forwardly directed. Pod obliquely lanceolate, compressed, smooth, not particularly

hard- walled. Chromosome number: 2 n = 18.

49. Aspalathus nudiflora Harv., FI. Cap.

2: 140 (1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot.

Lund 9 (1): 215-217 (1963); ibid. 22: 103-

106 (1968). Type: Cape, foot of Klein Houw-

hoek, Zeyher 2362 (S, lecto.!; K, LD, P, PRE,

SAM, W,Z).

Achyronia nudiflora (Harv.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:157

(1891).

Aspalathus alternifolia Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 141 (1862),

non Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 187 (1826); Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 22: 103 ( 1968), as syn. of A. nudiflora. The

earlier homonym Aspalathus alternifolia Spreng. has not

been identified, and must be considered a nomen dubium.

Achyronia alterniflora (Harv.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157

(1891). Type: Cape, Waterfall, Tulbagh, Pappe (K, lecto.!;

SAM).

A procumbent (or decumbent) shrublet;

main branches up to 1 m long, laterals ascend-

ing from these. Young branches ± reddish or

yellow, sulcate, sparsely puberulous, glabres-

cent. Leaves ± flat, linear or narrowly lanceo-

late, (5-) 8-30 x 0,5-3 mm, acute-acumi-

nate, glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Inflores-

cence of 1 or 2(3) flowers, if 2 or 3 then at some

distance on a short inflorescence axis. Lateral

branch often developed in axil of the uppermost

leaf and flower(s) then appearing ‘leaf-oppo-

site’. Bracts and bracteoles subulate, less than

1 mm long, subglabrous. Pedicel 3-6 mm

long, subglabrous. Calyx infundibular-cam-

panulate, with sparse hairs; lobes triangular-su-

Crotalarieae

3,6: 85

bulate, 1 —2,4 mm long. Petals yellow or partly

with red shades, with short claws. Standard

orbicular, 5, 1-7,5 x 7, 5-9,0 (-9,5) mm,

emarginate or obtuse, short-sericeous on most

of back. Wing blades (3,6-) 4,3-6, 1 x

2,3— 3,1 mm, twisted. Keel blades 5—5,6 x

2,9— 3,5 mm, glabrous, obtuse. Pistil with

ovary sericeous on upper parts; stigma elong-

ate, forwardly directed; ovules 2. Pod lanceo-

late, c. 10—12 x 4,5—5 mm, smooth. Chro-

mosome number: 2n = 20. Figure 21:9—15.

Distributed in mountains from the Houwhoek region,

Caledon Division, in the south through the Tulbagh, Ceres

and Clanwilliam Divisions as far as the northern end of the

Cederberg range, and known also from Naudesberg, Koo,

in Montagu Division. The species grows in clayey soil

weathered from shales, in fynbos, sometimes mixed with

renosterbos. Map 23.

Vouchers: Bolus 5036 pro parte; Dahlgren & Peter-

son 1163; Dahlgren & Strid 4127, 4414, 4468, 4943; Es-

ter huy sen 14986; Schlechter 9381 , 9907, 10060.

There is variation in the leaves, also on the same plant,

the leaves of axillary short-shoots are smaller and especially

narrower than those of long-shoots.

50. Aspalathus lebeckioides Dahlg.,

nom. nov.

A. linearis (Burm. f.) Dahlg. subsp. latipetala Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 283 (1963) with Latin de-

scription; Dahlg. in Bot. Notiser 121: 187 (1968). Type:

Cape, (Old) Bontebok Park, Bredasdorp Div., Compton

22625 (NBG, holo.!; BOL).

Shrublets, decumbent, with branches

0,3-0, 7 m long. Young branches usually

purple or ferruginous, faintly sulcate, sparsely

short-sericeous. Leaves piniform, 25-45 mm

long, subterete (or slightly flattened), apically

acute-acuminate and often slightly curved, gla-

brous or with sparse adpressed hairs, the basal,

c. 1 mm long, pulvinar part puberulous, leaf

base without lateral teeth. Flowers solitary, or

few, rarely up to 5, on branch ends, often soli-

tary or in pairs on short branchlets, when seve-

ral, then at short intervals in corymb-like ra-

ceme. Bract and bracteoles triangular or subu-

late, 0,2-1 (—1,3) mm. Pedicel 1,5-5 (-6,5)

mm, subglabrous or adpressed-puberulous. Ca-

lyx infundibular-campanulate, sparsely puberu-

lous, with triangular, 0,5- 1,2 mm long, acute

lobes. Petals yellow or standard often with vio-

let or purple shades. Standard blade 5-7

(-7,5) x 5-7 (-8) mm, short-sericeous on

the back. Wing blades 3, 8-5, 3 x 1,4—2 mm,

not twisted. Keel 4, 8-5, 8 x 2, 7-3, 6 mm,

with convex upper margin, glabrous. Pistil

short-hairy on ovary and style base; ovules 2

(3); stigma regular, capitate. Pod obliquely lan-

ceolate, 15,5-16,5 x 3, 2-3, 6 mm. Figure 21:

1-8.

Distributed in lowlands from the northern part of the

Cape Peninsula and the Mamre Flats (Malmesbury Divi-

sion) through the Stellenbosch, Caledon and Bredasdorp

Divisions as far as near Swellendam in the east. The species

grows on clayey soil, in fynbos or sometimes associated

with renosterbos. Map 23.

Vouchers: Compton 22625; Dahlgren & Strid 4563,

4980; Guthrie 2244; Rycroft 2014; Salter 7907; Zevher

440.

This species has turned out to be more distinct from A.

linearis (no. 51) than originally thought. In the regions

where the two species overlap, they are different and dis-

tinct. The eastern forms are rather small-flowered.

51. Aspalathus linearis ( Burm.f .) Dahlg.

in Bot. Notiser 117: 190 (1964): in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 9 (2): 213, 283 (1963); in Bot.

Notiser 121: 172 (1968). Type: 1 Psoralea lin-

earis' in Herb. Burman (G, lecto.!).

Psoralea linearis Burm. f. , Prodr. FI. Cap. 22 (1768).

Lebeckia linearis (Burm. f.) DC., Prodr. 2: 137 (1825).

‘Aspalathus contaminata (Thunb.) Druce' sensu Druce in

Rep. botl Soc. Exch. Club Br. 1st. , suppl. 2: 606(1917) —

non Spartium contaminatum L., Mant. Alt. 268 (1771).

Lebeckia contaminata (L.) Thunb., based on Spartium con-

taminatum L., was applied by Thunberg to A. linearis.

Achyronia contaminata (L.) Kuntze in Rev. Gen. 1: 157

( 1891) also refers to this species.

Aspalathus tenuifolia DC., Prodr. 2: 143 (1825). This

name was applied to A. pendula in E. Mey., Comm. 1: 65

(1836); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 653 (1848);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 139 (1862) and Kies in Bothalia 6: 170

(1951). Achyronia tenuifolia (EXT.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:

157 ( 1891). Type: Lambert 1816 in Herb. DC. (G, lecto.!).

Aspalathus corymbosa E. Mey. in Linnaea 7: 159 (1832);

Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 204 (1836); Benth. in Hooker,

Lond. J. Bot. 7: 653 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 139(1862);

H. Bol. & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 14: 254

(1903); Marl., FI. S. Afr. 2 (1); 77 (1925). Type: Cape,

‘aufdem Tafelberge' , Ecklon (S, lecto.!).

Aspalathus cognata Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 556 (1845).

Type: ‘A. corymbosa c’, 'Cederbergen', Drege (K, L, P; no

lectotype chosen).

Aspalathus pinifolia Marloth in Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 2

(3): 288 (1912). Type: Cape, ‘Cedar Mts.’, Marloth 4728

(SAM, lecto.!). This is not distinguished as a subspecies

here.

3,6: 86

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 87

An erect, ascending or decumbent shrub or

shrublet, from quite low to c. 2 m tall. Young

branches often reddish, subterete or slightly sul-

cate, glabrous or, especially the youngest part,

shortly white-tomentulose. Leaves linear-pini-

form, 15-60 mm long, 0,4 to more than 1 mm

thick, subterete or very slightly flattened, gla-

brous or sparsely appressed-puberulous, acute

or acuminate, straight, in some forms turning

red or ferruginous and aromatic when dried;

basal pulvinate part 0,4- 1 ,2 mm; leaf base be-

low this rarely with lateral teeth less than 0,5

mm long. Flowers solitary or up to 10 in cor-

ymbs (racemes) on branch tips, rarely solitary

or in pairs on axillary short-shoots. Bract trian-

gular or subulate, 0,3- 1,5 mm long. Pedicel

1.5— 4 mm long, puberulous. Bracteoles

0,2-0, 8 mm long. Calyx glabrous or puberu-

lous; lobes triangular-subulate, 1-2,5 mm

long, acute. Petals pale to bright yellow or

partly purple or violet. Standard blade ovate,

4. 5- 6, 5 (-7,5) x 4,0-5, 5 mm, acute or ob-

tuse, short-sericeous on at least half of back.

Wing blades usually 3-5 x 1,2-2 mm. Keel

blades 4-5,5 x 2,5 — 3,3 mm, apex obtuse

(rarely with a tooth-like point); some pubes-

cence at least present on leaf parts. Pistil seri-

ceous on ovary and style base; ovules 2 (-4);

stigma regular, capitate. Pod lanceolate,

12-17 x 3, 3 -4, 2 mm. Figures 22 & 23.

FIGURE 21. Aspalathus lebeckioides (1-8); A. nudiflora (9-15); A. pendula (16-26). — 1, 9: branches with

inflorescences; 2: flower; 3, 20: bracts; 4, 21: bracteoles (prophylls); 5, 11, 12, 23: wing petals; 6, 13, 24: keel petals; 7, 14,

25: pistils; 8, 15, 26: fruits; 10: standard, front view; 16: branchlet; 17: leaf base and base of axillary unifoliolate leaf; 18:

pedicel with bracteoles (bract shed); 19: inflorescence; 22: calyx, upper two lobes to the right. — 1-8 from Compton

22625', 9—14 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1163\ 15 from Guthrie 2146', 16-26 from Dahlgren & Peterson 930. — (1, 9, 19

x2; 2- 8, 10-15, 20 - 26 x4; 16 x0,8; 17, 18 x8.)

3,6: 88

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 89

FIGURE 23. Aspalathus linearis, variation of flowers.

— 1 from Stokoe, SAM 5600\ 2 from Dahlgren & Strid

3255 ; 3 from Dahlgren <6 Peterson 892 ; 4 from Dahlgren

& Peterson 901. — (All X4.)

A very variable species distributed in the western divi-

sions of the Cape Province, from the Cape Peninsula (Cape

Point) and northern part of the Caledon Division through the

Somerset West, Stellenbosch, Paarl, Worcester, Tulbagh,

Piketberg, Ceres and Clanwilliam Divisions to the Giftberg

(Vanrhynsdorp Division) and the Nieuwoudtville region

(Calvinia Division). The species grows on mountain slopes

on sandy (rarely clayey) soils weathered from Table Moun-

tain Sandstone rocks, in fynbos scrub. Map 22.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 936; Ecklon &

Zeyher 1396; MacOwan, Herb. Norm. Austr. Afr. 59; Mar-

loth 4728; Schlechter 308, 10065.

The extraordinary variation of this species is described

by Dahlgren in Bot. Notiser 121: 165-208 (1968).

Forms on the Cape Peninsula and on the Hottentots

Holland Mountains (Somerset West Division) and adjacent

regions are generally low, and have puberulous leaves and

white pubescent branch ends. When dried or fermented they

do not turn ferruginous and do not become aromatic to the

degree of the forms of the divisions from Worcester and

northwards. Perhaps a future separation of these southern

forms is possible.

Further, the variation in size and habit in the forms

from the mountains of especially the Clanwilliam Division

is great, and only some populations are suitable to the rooi-

bos tea made from this species. Some forms are decumbent,

others spreading, the colour and coarseness of the leaves,

both when fresh and fermented, are highly variable and

there is great variation in floral size, flower colour, flow-

ering time, etc.

Rooibos tea is made from selected forms, mainly those

from parts of the Cederberg Mountains, which are culti-

vated on sandy soils in the Olifants River Valley, Breede

River Valley, Hex River Valley, etc. These forms have

been selected for a long time but still show great variation.

52. Aspalathus pendula Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 285 (1963); in Bot.

Notiser 121: 190 (1968). Type: Cape, Nie-

woudt Pass near Kriedowkrans, Clanwilliam

Division, Dahlgren & Peterson 930 (LD,

holo.!; BOL, NBG, PRE, S).

‘Aspalathus tenuifolia' auct. non DC. in E. Mey.,

Comm. 1: 65 (1836); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7:

653 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 139 (1862); Kies in Bothalia

6: 170 (1951), etc.

A large shrub or a small tree, 1 ,5-3 (-5)

m tall, generally with an unbranched trunk up to

30—70 mm thick at the base. Branches grey or

reddish, slender, lax, pendulous, slightly sul-

cate, with sparse, short, adpressed hairs on

youngest parts. Leaves linear, piniform,

straight, (25-) 40-70 mm long and 0,4-0, 7

mm thick, subterete, acuminate, glabrous (or

when young with short, appressed hairs),

sombre green, basally with a constricted portion

(pulvinus). Leaf base below this often with

short, lateral, subulate teeth. Inflorescence a

sparse, lax, 3-7-flowered raceme on a slender

peduncle terminating the branch. Bracts subu-

late, caducous, 1 ,5-3 mm long. Pedicel 4,5-6

mm long, adpressed-puberulous. Bracteoles

Figure 22. Aspalathus linearis. — 1—5 from cultivated ‘rooibos tea’ form; 6—13 from forms growing wild on the

Cape Peninsula; 14—18 from forms growing wild in the Cederberg Mountains; 19—26 from the Ceres district. — 1, 6, 14,

19: branches with inflorescences; 2, 26: leaf bases; 3, 10, 16, 23: wing petals; 4, 11, 17, 24: keel petals; 5, 12, 18: pistils; 7,

20: flowers; 8, 21: bracts; 9, 22: bracteoles (prophylls); 13, 25: fruits; 15: standard, back view. — 1—5 from Dahlgren <&

Peterson 1778 ; 6—12 from Dahlgren & Peterson 606; 13 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1744 ; 14—18 from Dahlgren &

Peterson 892; 19-26 from Thorne, SAM 52774. —( 1,6, 14, 19 x2; all others x4.)

3,6: 90

Crotalarieae

0,8- 1,2 mm long. Calyx obliquely campanu-

late, minutely sericeous or subglabrous; lobes

broadly triangular, short, 0,8- 1,2 mm. Petals

light yellow or partly with violet shade. Stand-

ard blade 8,5— 9,5 x 8,5—9 mm, short-seri-

ceous on most of the back. Wing blades 7,5-9

x c. 3 mm. Keel blades 6,5-7 x c. 4 mm,

short-sericeous on lower front parts, slightly

upcurved towards the apex. Pistil sericeous on

ovary and style base; ovules 2-4; stigma regu-

lar, capitate. Pod 20-22 x 4, 7-5, 5 mm. Fig-

ure 21: 16-26.

Restricted in its distribution to the Piketberg Mountain

(Piketberg Division) and the Kriedouwkrans region of the

Cederberg Mountains (Clanwilliam Division). The species

grows on Table Mountain Sandstone sand on rocky slopes

at altitudes of c. 250-600 m, sometimes forming small

‘woods’. Map 23.

Vouchers: Bolus 7526; Dahlgren & Peterson 930,

986; Dahlgren & Strid 3855, 4256; Drege 1425; Edwards

221 ; Esterhuysen 14348; Marloth 5361 .

Very distinctive by its tree-like habit, pendulous

branches and larger flowers. Should be protected!

Group 6: Pedunculares

Shrublets or small to medium-sized shrubs, decumbent to erect. Leaves trifoliolate or unifo-

liolate (‘simple’), terete to flat, when flat then linear to lanceolate (rarely ovate), glabrous or

sparsely to densely pubescent; hairs sometimes on hair base tubercles, leaf apex obtuse, acute,

acuminate or sometimes spine-tipped; venation indistinct to very distinct; texture weak to hard and

sclerophyllous. Leaf base without spines or spurs. Inflorescence a terminal one-flowered to seve-

ral-flowered raceme on a distinct, often rather long peduncle; lateral branch in axil of uppermost

leaf eventually superceding the inflorescence and giving rise to a sympodium. Bract simple, linear-

filiform or very narrowly lanceolate to short-subulate or tooth-like, not accreted to base of pedicel.

Pedicel distinct to rather long. Bracteoles similar to bract. Calyx campanulate, non-fleshy (rigid in

A. alpestris — no. 59), of about equal length. Petals yellow or standard partly reddish. Standard

generally broadly obovate (-obcordate), sericeous on at least distal parts of the back, with a short

claw. Wing blades glabrous, apically rounded, basally with c. 3-4 rows of minute folds. Keel

blades lunate, obtuse, glabrous, generally with almost straight to slightly concave upper margins,

basally with a distinct pouch. Pistil usually with elongate ovary, pubescent all over or on upper part

only, or glabrous; ovules 2-12; stigma regular, capitate. Pod from ovate or fusiform to broadly

linear-lanceolate. Chromosome number: 2n = 18 (several species).

53. Aspalathus bracteata Thunb., Prodr.

2: 128 (1800); Diss. bot. Aspalathus 2: 20

(1802); Willd., Sp. PI. 3: 960 (1802); Thunb.,

FI. Cap. edn 2, 581 (1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 144

(1825); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 654

(1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 140 (1862); H. Bol.

& Wolley-Dod, Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 14:

254 (1903); Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape

Penins. 484 (1950); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc.

bot. Lund 4: 313 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 203

(1963); in Bot. Notiser 121: 520 (1968). Type:

‘Aspalathus bracteata’ in herbarium Thunberg

(UPS, lecto.!).

Psilolepus bracteatus (Thunb.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129

(1845). Achyronia bracteata (Thunb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen.

1: 157(1891').

Aspalathus pedunculata L’Herit., Sert. Angl. 21 (1788)

non Aspalathus pedunculata Houtt., Nat. hist. 2 (5): 475

(1775); in Curtis’s bot. Mag. 10: tab. 344 (1796); Willd.,

Sp. PI. 3: 960 (1802; as synonym of A. bracteata ); DC.,

Prodr. 2: 143 ( 1825); Steud. , Flora 13: 546 ( 1830); E. Mey.

in Linnaea 7: 162 (1832); Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 205

(1836); E. Mey., Comm. 1: 162 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea

13: 502 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 654

(1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 140 (1862). The name is a later

homonym of A. pedunculata Houtt. Psilolepus peduncula-

tus (L’Herit.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129 (1845). Achyronia

pedunculata (L’Herit.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891).

Crotalarieae

3,6:91

Type: herbarium specimen probably not existent; but

L’Herit., Sert. Angl. tab. 26 (1788) can serve as type.

Aspalathus squarrosa (often written 'squamosa')

Thunb., Prodr. 2: 128 (1800); Diss. bot. Aspalathus 2: 19

(1802); FI. Cap., edn 2, 581 (1823); DC., Prodr. 2: 140

(1825); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 140 (as synonym of A. peduncu-

lata L’Herit.). Type: ‘A. squarrosa' in herbarium Thunberg

(UPS, lecto. !).

Ononis capillaris Thunb., Prodr. 2: 129 (1800); Willd.,

Sp. PI. 3: 1001 (1802); Thunb., FI. Cap. edn 2, 585 (1823);

DC., Prodr. 2: 166 (1825). Aspalathus capillaris (Thunb.)

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 653 (1848); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 139 (1862); H. Bol. & Wolley-Dod, Trans. S. Afr.

phil. Soc. 14: 254 (1903); Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape

Penins. 484 (1950; as synonym of A. bracteata). Achyronia

capillaris (Thunb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Type:

'Ononis capillaris' in herbarium Thunberg (UPS, lecto.!).

A procumbent (or rarely prostrate) or

scrambling, diffusely branched shrublet, with

slender, weak branches up to longer than 1 m

(rarely up to longer than 1,5 m), but often

shorter. Young branches usually pale, short -

and appressed hairy or glabrous. Leaves trifo-

liolate; long-shoots ultimately with axillary

leafy short-shoots; leaflets therefore 3 together

on young, several on older branches. Leaflets

linear, ( 1 — )2 — 50 mm long, less than 1 mm

broad, terete or ± flat, weak, green, glabrous

or ± pubescent, acute-acuminate or subobtuse.

Inflorescence terminal, unifloral, rarely 2- or 3-

floral (with flowers at some distance), always

on the end of a leafless peduncle (3 — ) 1 0 — 40

(-60) mm long, slender, sparsely appressed-

puberulous or glabrous. Bract linear (-lanceo-

late), flat or subterete, from shorter than 1 to

longer than 4 mm, acute-acuminate, green,

usually subglabrous. Pedicel 1-2 mm long,

pubescent. Bracteoles approximately of same

size as the bract. Calyx tube campanulate-infun-

dibuliform, usually sparsely appressed-puberu-

lous; lobes generally broadly subulate, 1-4

mm long. Petals light or bright yellow or the

standard back ± violet, claws relatively short.

Standard blade broadly obtriangular-obovate,

5-9 x 6-10 mm, obcordate or retuse, densely

sericeous on most or all of the back. Wing

blades narrowly elliptic or obovate, 4,5-8 x

2-3 mm. Keel blades 4-7,5 x 2,7-4 mm,

with ± straight or slightly S-curved upper mar-

gin. Pistil with linear, elongate ovary; pubes-

cent both on ovary and basal half of the style,

rarely pubescent only on upper and lower mar-

gins; ovules 2-10. Pod oblong, elliptic, lan-

ceolate or oblanceolate, compressed, 13—16 x

c. 4 mm, smooth, sparsely puberulous or rare-

ly largely glabrous. Chromosome number :

2n=18. Figures 24&25: 1—9.

A highly complex species probably in need of detailed

population studies, with rich local/regional differentiation.

It is distributed from the northern part of the Cape Penin-

sula, the Hottentots Holland Mountains and the Swartberg

(Caledon Division) in the south up to the northernmost parts

of the Cederberg Mountains (Clanwilliam Division) in the

north, but not beyond the mountains east of the Hex River

Valley in the east. The habitat is highly variable; quite often

on sandy substrate (Table Mountain Sandstone), but for

some forms on clay, and usually in fynbos communities.

The altitude varies greatly, and is often moderate; alpine

populations were found in the Tulbagh Division approach-

ing A. patens (no. 54), with a more easterly distribution.

Map 24.

The following brief description of the regional varia-

tion includes voucher specimens:

(1) An extremely long-leaved form, with glabrous leaf-

lets 40-50 mm long, weak, but ± straight, with inflores-

cences often with more than 1 flower on a glabrous pedun-

cle and bracts 3—4 mm long; ovary pubescent.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 992; Esterhuysen

14482; Pillans 7149, 7170, 7513.

(2) Other rather large-flowered forms with shorter,

10-20 mm long leaflets, occur in the south-western divi-

sions; also these may have 2 or 3 flowers per inflorescence.

The type of A. squarrosa belongs here.

Vouchers: H. Bolus 4270 (exemplifies a quite large-

flowered form from the Malmesbury Division), 5564;

Parker 3644.

(3) Approaching these are forms from the Stellen-

bosch, Malmesbury, Worcester, Tulbagh and Clanwilliam

Divisions. These have relatively large flowers, c. 3 mm

long bracts and leaflets somewhat flattened and 10-20 mm

long. Thunberg’s type of A. bracteata is among these

forms.

Vouchers: Barker 7462; Dahlgren & Peterson 666,

1159; Esterhuysen 14185, 18494, 19646; Pillans 6810;

Schlechter 9052 .

The forms of the Clanwilliam Division have grey-seri-

ceous leaves ( Dahlgren & Peterson 1010; Esterhuysen

17938).

(4) Similar forms, but with medium-sized flowers and

leaflets c. 10 mm long, slightly flattened and glabrous or

subglabrous, occur in the Worcester, Ceres, Tulbagh and

Clanwilliam Divisions. They grow on mountains at alti-

tudes of up to 1 300 m.

Vouchers: Compton 6193, 6199; Dahlgren & Peter-

son 1137; Esterhuysen 13414, 27019; Stokoe, SAM 55967.

(5) A high-mountain population in the mountains of

the Worcester (-Ceres) Division, from c. 1 000- 1 500 m.

3,6: 92

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 93

has rather large flowers on 40-70 mm long peduncles. The

leaflets are clearly flat, but less than 1 mm broad. These

forms have a dense, prostrate, nearly mat-like habit.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 3926, 9922, 15127, 22635;

Wasserfall 819.

(6) Similar, but even more densely matted shrubs

occur on the Winterhoek Mountains, Tulbagh Division, at

altitudes of 1 200-1 500 m. These are also matted and

have flat, only c. 3-10 mm long and 0,5-1 mm broad

leaflets.

Vouchers: A. Bolus, BOL 8067; Esterhuysen 19753,

27020; Marloth 2342, 2432.

These two last form series approach A. patens (no.

54) rather closely and may deserve separate status.

(7) Other forms, in the Stellenbosch and Paarl Divi-

sions, have considerably smaller flowers than the pre-

ceding. They may have rather flat, but less than 0,8 mm

broad leaflets which are longer than in the previous, high-

montane forms. They grow at altitudes of 1 000 m or less.

The type of Ononis capillaris belongs here. Similar, gracile

forms but with somewhat larger petals, occur on the Cape

Peninsula and in the western parts of the Caledon Division.

The peduncles are slender and up to 40 mm long.

Vouchers: Bond 1543; Dahlgren & Peterson 690,

1811; Esterhuysen 2626, 16647, 16729, 21184.

(8) Other, quite different forms occur on the Cape

Peninsula. They have quite terete, c. 10 mm long leaflets

and small flowers.

Vouchers: Compton 19380; Leighton 2917; Wolley-

Dod 912.

(9) Forms similar to these, with small flowers, terete

leaflets and fairly loose growth, but with a long-stipitate

(more than 1,5 mm long), partly hairy stipe, occur on the

Waaihoek Mountain (Worcester Division) and the Helder-

berg (Stellenbosch Division).

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 14633, 15132, 22235.

(10) Other forms similar to the preceding ones, with

thin, 10-30 mm long, terete leaflets and small flowers

occur in mountains in the Ceres and Paarl Divisions.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 14770, 22742; Stokoe, SAM

56001, SAM 66379.

(11) There are also other forms in the Clanwilliam

Division than the ones with grey-pubescent or glabrous

leaves and rather large to medium-sized flowers previously

mentioned. They are small-flowered, and have bracts and

bracteoles only c. 1 mm long or less, and their peduncles

are short (4- 15 mm). They are concentrated on the central

Cederberg Mountains, growing on shale bands (clay) at

1 000 to 1 300 m.

Vouchers: Bond 1363; Compton 6198; Esterhuysen

4180, 7262, 13788, 13838.

(12) Finally, a peculiar form series needs be com-

mented on, which may prove to deserve formal recognition

in the future. It is an ascending shrublet with densely white-

puberulous branches and subterete, fairly short, acute, dark

green leaflets. The peduncles are also basally puberulous,

otherwise glabrescent, the flowers are medium-sized to

rather large, with an ovary pubescent only above and below

(sides glabrous); the ovules are c. 10 in number. This form

series is known from clayey ground in the Breede River

Valley in the region near Wellington and Hermon, Worces-

ter Division.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 663; Dahlgren &

Strid 3126, 3826,4113.

These form series are described, and several of them

illustrated, by Dahlgren in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4:

313-331 (1960). Their gradual variation makes a formal

recognition of them difficult, but as indicated above, after

more careful population studies, some of them may turn out

to deserve subspecies (or even species?) rank. Some high-

montane forms may prove to be better treated under A.

patens (no. 54).

54. Aspalathus patens Garab. ex Dahlg.

in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 331 (1960); ibid.

9 (1): 202 (1963); ibid. 22: 11 (1968); in Bot.

Notiser 121: 520 (1968). Type: Cape, summit

of Meiring’s Poort, Prince Albert Division,

Thorne, SAM 50181 (SAM, holo.!).

A small, prostrate, mat-like shrublet more

or less closely pressed against the ground; main

stem basally up to more than 10 mm thick,

branchlets slender, adpressedly puberulous,

sparsely leafy. Leaves trifoliolate; those of

young long-shoots with leaflets flat, oblanceo-

late (-narrowly obovate), 3-7 x 0,5- 1,5

mm, obtuse or acute, green, subglabrous (pube-

rulous on basal parts); leaflets of short-shoots

much smaller: 1-3 x 0,5- 1,5 mm. Inflores-

cence terminal, unifloral, or rarely with 2-3

flowers, on a peduncle-like (10-)30-60 mm

long, puberulous intemode. Bract oblong-subu-

late, 1,5-2 x 0,5 mm, ciliate. Pedicel 1-2

mm long, puberulous. Bracteoles similar to the

bract. Calyx infundibular-campanulate, sparse-

ly puberulous; lobes narrowly triangular,

1,2-2, 4 mm long, acute, subglabrous. Petals

yellow, with rather short claws. Standard blade

Figure 24. Aspalathus bracteata coll. , variation. — 1, 7, 11, 15, 17: branches with terminal inflorescences; 2: bract;

3: bracteole; 4, 8, 12: wing petals; 5, 9, 13: keel petals; 6, 10, 14, 16, 18: pistils. — 1-6 from Dahlgren & Peterson 663

(Worcester Distr. ); 7—10 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1010 (Clanwilliam Distr.); 11—14 from Dahlgren & Peterson 717

(Caledon Distr.); 15, 16 from Esterhuysen 22235(Worcester Distr.); 17, 18 from Dahlgren & Peterson 992 (Piketberg

Distr.). — (1, 7, 17, x2; 2-6, 16 x5; 8-15, 18 x 4.)

3,6: 94

Crotalarieae

FIGURE 25. Aspalathus bracteata, high-montane form from Great Winterhoek, near Tulbagh (1-9); A. patens in

Prince Albert-Uniondale Districts (10—19). — 1, 10: branchlets with terminal pedunculate inflorescences; 2, 13: bracts; 3,

14: bracteoles (prophylls); 4: calyx, slit open; 5: standard, back view; 6, 15: wing petals; 7, 16, 18: keel petals; 8, 17: pistils;

9, 19: fruits; 11, 12: flowers. — 1-8 from Esterhuysen 19753 ; 9 from Esterhuysen 27020 ; 10-17, 19 from Esterhuysen

18398; 18 from Esterhuysen 4551. —(1-9, 13-18 X4; 10 x 1,6; 11, 12, 19 x2,4.)

broadly obovate or orbicular, apically refuse,

with a ‘tip’, short-sericeous on the back. Wing

blades oblong-obovate, 4,5-6 x 2-3 mm.

Keel blades 6-7 x 2,5-3 mm, with upper

margin concave, sometimes apically with a

small tooth-like lobe. Pistil pubescent only on

upper side of the ovary and style base; ovary

elongate; ovules 4—7. Pod lanceolate, c. 12,5

x 4 mm, subglabrous, smooth. Figure 25:

10-19.

Found on mountain summits of the Swartberg and

Kamanassie ranges, Prince Albert and Uniondale Divisions,

growing on rocks or in shallow soil at or above 1 500 m

altitude. Map 24.

Vouchers: Bond 932; Dahlgren & Strid 4866; Ester-

huysen 4551, 4717, 18398; Primos 34; Stokoe, SAM

52330; Thorne, SAM 59181.

Undoubtedly closely related to A. bracteata (no. 53)

but with small, flat, relatively broad leaflets. Certain forms

of A. bracteata growing on mountain summits approach A.

patens, and the distinctness of the latter is not wholly cer-

tain.

Crotalarieae

3,6: 95

55. Aspalathus lanata E. Mey., Comm.

1: 64 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 502 (1839);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 655 (1848);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 141 (1862); Dahlg. in. Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 336 (1960); ibid. 9 (1):

204 (1963); ibid. 22: 10 (1968); in Bot. Notiser

121: 521 (1968). Type: Cape, Piketberg, Piket-

berg Division, Drege 1371 (P, lecto. ! ; BM, G,

K).

Psilolepus lanatus (E. Mey.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 129

(1845). Achyronia lanata (E. Mey.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:

157(1891).

Aspalathus falcata Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7:

655 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 141 (1862). Achyronia fal-

cata (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Type:

Cape, Twentyfour-River Mountains, Piketberg Division,

Zeyher 436 (K, lecto.!; G, K, P, S, SAM).

A rather large, erect or spreading shrublet

growing entangled in other vegetation or in irre-

gular ‘heaps’, with sprawling or trailing

branches, often red and with sparse spreading

pubescence on the young parts. Leaves trifo-

liolate, with subequal leaflets, those on long-

shoots with flat large leaflets on an incon-

spicuous leaf base, soon with axillary short-

shoot (or lateral branch with long intemodes).

Leaflets of long-shoot leaves lanceolate, the lat-

eral sometimes ± falcate, 10—25 x 1—3 mm,

pointed, green, subglabrous to minutely pu-

berulous, with 1—3 distinct longitudinal main

veins. Leaflets of short-shoot leaves smaller,

glabrous. Inflorescence terminal, 1— 4-flow-

ered spikes (or racemes) with lowest flower

subtended by a peduncle-like intemode of

6-40 mm; the lowest two flowers separated by

an intemode 0,6— 1,5 mm long. Bract linear-

subulate, 2,5-10 (-14) mm long, green,

sparsely ciliate. Pedicel 1,5-2, 8 mm long,

densely puberulous. Bracteoles, on distal part

of pedicel, 2-10 mm long. Calyx openly cam-

panulate, the tube puberulous; lobes narrowly

triangular or subulate, 1,5-7 mm long, subgla-

brous or sparsely puberulous. Petals clear yel-

low (or partly purplish). Standard blade obo-

vate-obdeltoid, 7-9 x 8-10 mm, rounded to

retuse but with a little ‘tip’, cuneate at base,

sericeous on the back. Wing blades obiong-ob-

lanceolate, 6—7,5 x 3—4 mm. Keel blades

broadly lunate, c. 6 x 3,5— 4,5 mm, with

nearly straight upper margin. Pistil with short

stipe and elongate ovary; pubescent on the up-

per side of the ovary and style base; ovules

6-10 ( — 12). Pod linear-lanceolate, 20—30 x

4-5 mm, rather smooth, with 2 or 3 seeds.

Chromosome number: 2n = 18. Figure 26:

1-10.

Distributed on the Piketberg Mountain (Piketberg

Division) and from the Twentyfour-River Mountains

through the Olifants River Mountains and Cederberg Moun-

tains (Clanwilliam Division) to the Lokenburg area (Van-

rhynsdorp Division) in the north. A. lanata probably prefers

clayey soils on shale bands, and grows at rather low alti-

tudes (below 600 m), in fynbos vegetation. Map 26.

Vouchers: Acocks 17480; Dahlgren & Peterson 938,

945, 984, 1040; Dahlgren & Strid4469, 4473; Esterhuysen

2501, 2521, 7288, 15320; Zeyher 436.

The forms of the Piketberg Mountain have longer

bracts, bracteoles and calyx lobes than some forms in the

Clanwilliam Division, but intermediates occur, e.g. at Uit-

kyk Pass (Cederberg Mountains), in the latter division. An

outpost from the Lokenburg region (Vanrhynsdorp Divi-

sion) has white-puberulous branches, its leaflets are excep-

tionally narrow (less than 1 mm); and its bracts, bracteoles

and calyx lobes are very short. In these features it

approaches forms of A. bracteata (no. 53).

A. lanata is closely similar to A. latifolia (no. 56), but

also to A. lanifera (no. 57) (with unifoliolate leaves), A.

bracteata (no. 53) (with trifoliolate leaves having linear,

subterete leaflets) and A. nudiflora (no. 49) (with unifo-

liolate, narrow leaves), and thus has a central position. It is

also possible that A. lanata and A. latifolia are related to A.

filicaulis (no. 71) (note similarity in petal details and the

long, several-seeded legumes).

56. Aspalathus latifolia H. Bol. in J. Bot.

Lond. 4: 21 (1896); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc.

bot. Lund 4: 340 (1960); ibid. 9 (1): 204

(1963); ibid. 22: 10, 13 (1968). Type: Cape,

Piketberg Mountain, Piketberg Division, H.

Bolus 7523 (BOL, holo.!; BM, K, LD, PRE,

SAM).

A half-erect, straggling shrub with long

branches entangled in other shrubs, up to 1 m

long, fairly much branched. Young branches

with sparse, long, spreading hairs. Leaves trifo-

liolate, on inconspicuous leaf base; those on

long-shoots with leaflets broadly lanceolate,

10-22 x 3-7 mm, attenuate-acuminate, clear

green, with sparse, spreading hairs especially

along the margins (which are slightly warty)

and with 3 ± distinct longitudinal veins. Inflo-

rescence and branching mode as in A. lanata

(no. 55), but inflorescence usually consisting of

only one flower; peduncle (intemode below

3,6: 96

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 97

flower) 15-40 mm long, straight, with sparse,

spreading long hairs. Bract linear, 5-12 x 0,5

mm, flexible, with spreading hairs. Pedicel

1-2 mm long (longer in fruit), subglabrous.

Bracteoles linear-lanceolate, 4-10 X 0,5—1

mm. Calyx tube openly campanulate, with

sparse, spreading hairs; lobes linear-subulate,

7-10 mm long, weak, with sparse long hairs.

Petals similar in shape to, but larger than those

of A. lanata. Standard blade 10—13 x 12—18

mm. Wing blades narrowly obovate, 8-11 x c.

5 mm. Keel blades 7—9 x 4—6 mm, slightly

more rostrate than in A. lanata and with less

distinct basal pouch. Ovary elongate, with

9—12 ovules. Pod linear-lanceolate, 23-30 x

c. 5 mm, somewhat veined, with long, sparse

spreading hairs. Figure 26: 11-17.

Endemic to the Piketberg Mountain (Piketberg Divi-

sion), where it grows on sandy slopes in fairly dense fyn-

bos. The flowers are rather conspicuous [Dahlgren in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 4: 342, Fig. 121 (I960)]. Map 27.

Vouchers: Bolus 7523; Dahlgren & Peterson 987;

Guthrie 2594; Pillans 745.

Related to A. lanata (no. 55), which occurs in the same

region. Similar in many respects to A. lanata but with

broader, often slightly undulate leaflets and generally with

longer bracts and calyx lobes.

57. Aspalathus lanifera Dahlg. in Bot.

Notiser 114: 190 (1963); in Op. bot. Soc. bot.

Lund 9 (1): 205 (1963); ibid. 22: 33 (1968).

Type: Cape, Sneeuwgat, slopes at and below

the peak, 1 300 m, Esterhuysen 19826 (LD,

holo.!; BOL, NBG).

Borbonia villosa Harv., non Thunb.; Harv., FI. Cap. 2:

28 (1862); Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 400 (1920). Type:

Cape, flats between Witzenberg and Schurfdeberg, Zeyher

437 (K, lecto. ! ; GRA, S, SAM).

A procumbent or prostrate shrublet with

branches up to more than 0,5 m long, rather

slender, sparingly or closely ramified. Young

branches with long, white, spreading, woolly

pubescence. Leaves flat, simple (unifoliolate),

often rather closely set, lanceolate to narrowly

ovate, 7-18 X 1,5 — 8( — 10) mm, rather weak

and soft, acuminate (to spine-tipped), sparsely

or, especially on adaxial side, with densely

woolly pubescence (sometimes almost glabrous

below); lower side with 3( — 5) distinct veins

running from the base. Inflorescence unifloral

or a raceme with 2—3 flowers, situated on a

peduncle-like axis 5— 20(— 30) mm above the

uppermost leaf. Bract linear or subulate, rarely

minute and tooth-like, 0,3 -5, 5 mm long,

weak, ciliate. Pedicel 2-7 mm long, short-vil-

lous to woolly. Bracteoles 0,2-4, 5 mm long.

Calyx tube infundibular, with sparse, long,

spreading hairs; lobes linear-subulate, 3-5,5

(-6,3) mm long, attenuate, weak, with scat-

tered hairs. Petals light yellow or ± violet on

the standard. Standard blade obovate, 6—10 X

(6,5-) 7,5- 1 1 mm, tomentose to sericeous on

the back, apically rounded but with a ‘tip’.

Wing blades narrowly obovate or elliptic,

(4,6-) 5, 3-7, 3 (-8) x 2, 1-3, 2 (-3,6) mm.

Keel blades slightly rostrate, (5-) 6-7 x

3, 1-4,3 mm, with distinctly concave upper

margin. Pistil: ovary elongate, lunate; ovules

2—8; style glabrous, upcurved. Pod lanceolate

to linear-falcate, 10-15 x c. 4 mm, with

sparse, long pubescence. Chromosome number.

2 n = 18. Figure 27: 1-14.

Restricted to mountains in the Tulbagh, Ceres and

Clanwilliam Divisions, where it grows on shales or in

clayey soil weathered from shales. The vegetation is a mix-

ture of fynbos and renosterbos. Map 27.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Strid 3994 , 3995, 4126 , 4129,

4387; Esterhuysen 19826 , 31441; Phillips 1738; Pillans

9588; Schlechter 10197; Zeyher 437.

The variation of the species is considerable. Strongly

deviating forms in the Cederberg Mountains (vouchers:

Dahlgren & Strid 4487, Esterhuysen 18048) have small,

soft and elliptic leaves and small flowers (the lowest values

above), 2-ovulate pistils and short pods. They may deserve

recognition as a separate subspecies (or species).

A. lanifera approaches in appearance A. lanata (no.

55) and A. latifolia (no. 56), with trifoliolate leaves, and A.

compacta (no. 58) and A. alpestris (no. 59) with unifolio-

late leaves, the latter having glabrous leaves much more

rigid than those in A. lanifera.

Figure 26. Aspalathus lanata (1-10); A. latifolia (11-17). — 1, 11: parts of branches with terminal (pseudolateral)

inflorescences; 2: leaflet; 3, 13: bracts; 4, 14: bracteoles; 5: flower; 6, 15: wing petals; 7, 16: keel petals; 8, 17: pistils; 9,

12: pods; 10: fruit walls after seeds have been released. — 1-8 from Dahlgren & Peterson 984 ; 9 from Compton 6205; 10

from Esterhuysen 2521; 11-17 from Dahlgren & Peterson 987. — (1, 9-14 x 2; 2-8, 15-17 x 4.)

3,6:98

Crotalarieae

Figure 27. Aspalathus lanifera (1-14); A. compacta (15-20). — 1, 8: branches with (terminal) inflorescences; 2,

10. 16: bracts; 3, 11, 17: bracteoles (prophylls); 4, 12, 18: wing petals; 5. 13, 19: keel petals; 6, 14, 20: pistils; 7: fruit; 9,

15: flowers. — 1-7 from Esterhuysen 19826', 8-14 from Dahlgren & Strid 4145b\ 15-20 from Dahlgren & Strid 3987.

— (1,8 x2;2-7, 9-20 x 4.)

Crotalarieae

3,6: 99

58. Aspalathus compacta Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 22: 37 (1968). Type: Cape,

upper part of Gydo Pass, near the summit,

Ceres Division, Dahlgren & Strid 3987 (NBG,

holo.!;LD).

A low, prostrate shrub forming circular

mats on the ground, with slack branches, up to

more than 0,8 m long, radiating from a com-

mon centre. Young branches rather slender,

slightly angular, greenish, with sparse but long,

spreading hairs (cf. the woolly pubescence of

A. lanifera — no. 57). Leaves simple, flat, lan-

ceolate, 1 5 — 22( — 27) x 2—3,8 mm, sharply

spine-tipped, glabrous, light green, with

smooth margins; the lower side with 3 promi-

nent veins beside the marginal ones; area be-

tween veins rugulose. Inflorescence a terminal,

unifloral or a bifloral racemule; the inflores-

cence axis rather short, less than 10 mm long.

Bract linear-subulate, 3,6—8 x 0,5-0, 8 mm,

spine-tipped, ± flat, green, with sparse, long,

patent hairs. Pedicel 3,5—6 mm long, with few

patent hairs. Bracteoles (2— )3— 5,5 mm long.

Calyx tube infundibular-campanulate, with

sparse, long and spreading hairs; lobes very

narrowly triangular, 2,7-4 mm long, subgla-

brous, tapering into pointed apices. Petals light

yellow or standard back partly purplish. Stand-

ard blade obovate, 7, 8-9, 2 x 8, 5-9, 6 mm,

rounded-obtuse but with a ‘tip’, sericeous or

partly tomentose on the back. Wing blades ob-

long, 6, 3-7,4 x 2, 5-3, 8 mm. Keel blades

5, 2-5, 6 x 3-3,5 mm, almost pointed, with

slightly concave upper margin. Pistil glabrous

except for some pubescence on upper basal

parts of the ovary; ovules 6 or 7. Pods not seen.

Chromosome number : 2«=18. Figure 27:

15-20.

So far only known from the mountains north of Ceres,

where it occurs on clay at c. 1 000 m altitude, in a vege-

tation of renosterbos mixed with fynbos. Map 25.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Strid 3987, 4232.

Appearing somewhat intermediate between A. lanifera

(no. 57), which occurs in the same area, and A. alpestris

(no. 59), which is not known in this region.

59. Aspalathus alpestris (Benth.) Dahlg.

in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 270, 210

(1963); ibid. 22: 40 ( 1968). Type: Cape, Kogh-

man’s Kloof, Montagu Division, Mund 79

(K, lecto. ! ).

Borbonia alpestris Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. bot. 2:

461 (1843); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 29 ( 1862); Phill. inS. Afr. J.

Sci. 16:407(1920).

Borbonia pungetts Mund ex Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J.

Bot. 2: 461 (1843). Type: 'Borbonia monosperma' , sine

loco, Drege (K, lecto.!; S). The name 'Borbonia mono-

sperma Cand.’ was incorrectly used for this specimen in E.

Mey.,Comm. 1: 15 (1836).

‘Borbonia trinervia' auct. non L. in Thunb., Prodr. 2:

122 (1800); Diss. Bot. Borbonia: 4(1811); Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enum. 2: 164 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 468 (1839);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 28 (1862); Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16:

401 (1920). Linnaeus (Sp. PL, 707, 1753) based this on a

name in Hort. Cliff.: 494 (1739), which refers to a speci-

men of Cliffortia ruscifolia L. (herbarium Clifford, BM).

An (erect-) ascending or decumbent to

prostrate shrublet with spreading branches up to

0,5 (— 1) m long, slender or weak to strong and

rigid. Young branches ferruginous, glabrous,

subterete or ± compressed. Leaves flat, simple

(unifoliolate), linear-lanceolate (ovate), 10-

20( — 32) x 1 ,2— 5,5( — 8) mm, rigid, hard,

sharply spine-tipped, glabrous, (yellowish-)

green to glaucous, with 3-9 prominent longitu-

dinal veins (beside marginal ones). Inflores-

cence unifloral or a sparse raceme with up to 6

flowers on a glabrous inflorescence axis which

is the continuation of a ± peduncle-like inter-

node 3-35 mm long. Bract subulate-acicular,

(0,6—) 3, 5-6, 5 x 0,3-0, 9 mm, rigid, ±

spine-like, glabrous. Pedicel 1,2-2, 5 (-3)

mm long, glabrous. Bracteoles 1— 5,5(— 6,5)

mm long. Calyx tube infundibular-campanu-

late, glabrous; lobes triangular-subulate,

1 .4- 3,5(-4,5) mm long, sharply spine-tipped,

glabrous. Petals light or bright yellow. Stand-

ard blade broadly obovate or almost circular,

6,2 — 7,5( — 8) x 6-8,5 mm, rounded to retuse

(often with a short ‘tip’), short-sericeous on the

back. Wing blades narrowly ovate-elliptic,

5— 6,5(— 7) x 2,4-3, 5 mm. Keel blades

4.5- 6 x 2, 5-3, 5 mm, apically slightly up-

curved, with concave upper margin. Pistil gla-

brous; ovary elongate, with 6- 10 ovules; style

upcurved. Pod lanceolate or linear, 18-27 x

3.5- 4,5 mm, glabrous, smooth. Chromosome

number. 2n= 18. Figure 28: 1 — 15.

A. alpestris has a surprisingly scattered distribution

and has been collected in the Caledon, Bredasdorp,

Worcester, Robertson, Swellendam, Montagu, Ceres,

Laingsburg, Riversdale, Mossel Bay and Uniondale Divi-

sions, without being common in any region. The type was

recorded from ‘subalpine bushy places near Koghman's

3,6: 100

Crotalarieae

Maps 24-29. — Map 24. Aspalathus bracteata (unbroken line); A. patens (triangles). — Map 25. A. alpestris

(triangles); A. compacta (rhomboid); A. monosperma (squares). — Map 26. A. lanata (dots). — Map 27. A. latifolia

(squares); A. lanifera (dots). — Map 28. A. commutata (unbroken line). — Map 29. A. perfoliata subsp. phillipsii (unbro-

ken line); A. perfoliata subsp. perfoliata (dots).

Crotalarieae 3,6: 101

FIGURE 28. Aspalathus alpestris (1-15); A. monosperma (16-22). — 1: leaf (unifoliolate); 2, 9, 16: flowers; 3, 10,

17: bracts; 4, 11, 18: bracteoles (prophylls); 5, 12, 19: wing petals; 6, 13, 20: keel petals; 7, 14, 21: pistils; 8: branch end

showing sympodial branching; 15, 22: fruits. — 1-7 from Dahlgren & Strid 4673 ; 8-14 from Compton 12207; 15 from

Compton 10241- 16-21 from Stokoe 3178; 22 from Stokoe BOL 17655. — (1-7, 9-16, 19-22 x 4; 8 x2; 17, 18 x8.)

Kloof, which is the reason for its specific name, but this is

misleading: the species occurs mainly on shaley, clayey

ground, the rocks being frequently of the Bokkeveld Series.

It is often associated with renosterbos but also with general

fynbos elements. Map 25.

Vouchers: Acocks 19891; Burchell 6368, 6378; Dahl-

gren & Strid 2669, 2978, 3381, 3615, 4177, 4547, 4766,

4779, 4870; MacOwan, Herb. Norm. Austr. Afr. 721 ; Mar-

loth 10004; Schlechter 9779.

The species is very variable in habit, floral size and

length of bracts, calyx lobes and pods. Forms in the Mon-

tagu-Robertson-Worcester Divisions may become suberect,

with stiff, coarse branches, and broad leaves with 7-11

veins. Most other forms are lower and have narrower.

3,6: 102

Crotalarieae

fewer-veined leaves, the easternmost forms being decum-

bent and weak and having slender branches. Very small-

flowered is a form in Kruisvallei in the Uniondale Division

VBorbonia trinervia).

60. Aspalathus monosperma (DC.)

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 283,

210 (1963); ibid. 22: 46 (1968). Type: ‘ Borbo -

nia monosperma' in herbarium De Candolle (G,

lecto.!).

Borbonia monosperma DC., Prodr. 2: 120 (1825);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 461 (1843); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 28 (1862); Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 401 (1920).

In E. Mey.,Comm. 1: 15 ( 1836), the name B. monosperma

is referred to A . alpeslris (no. 59).

A shrub or shrublet of unknown size with

some similarity to A. alpestris but with much

weaker and thinner (rather grass-like) leaves

and much smaller flowers. Decumbent or pro-

cumbent, spreading, with young branches fur-

nished with long, sparse, spreading hairs, often

completely covered with closely leafy short-

shoots. Leaves flat, simple (unifoliolate),

narrowly lanceolate, 25-45 x 1,5-6 mm,

rather thin and weak, tapering, greyish green,

glabrous or ciliate with long hairs on the mar-

gins, young leaves sparsely pubescent on lower

side, with 3 ± distinct longitudinal veins. Inflo-

rescences unifloral (or bifloral), on rather

slender, 3-10 mm long, sparsely ciliate pedun-

cles representing tips of branchlets. Flowers

quite small. Bract triangular-subulate, 0, 1 -0,4

mm long, with a few long hairs. Pedicel up to

c. 1 mm long, with few spreading hairs. Brac-

teoles similar to the bract. Calyx tube campanu-

late-cylindrical, c. 3 mm long, with scattered,

long hairs; lobes triangular-subulate, 1,3-2, 4

mm long, tapering, acuminate (not spiny).

Petals yellow, with relatively long claws.

Standard blade very broadly obovate, 4, 5-5, 8

x 5,4— 6,6 mm, apically rounded but with a

short, incurved ‘tip’, sparsely tomentose on

apical third, otherwise glabrous. Wing blades

linear-oblong, (4,1 — )4,5 — 5, 1 x 1,2- 1,7

mm. Keel blades lunate-upcurved, 3, 2-3, 5 x

1 ,4—2 mm, apically upcurved and rounded; up-

per margin S-curved. Pistil glabrous; ovules 2.

Pod obliquely ovate, 7-8,5 x 3-4 mm, api-

cally very slightly upcurved, glabrous, smooth,

dark. Figure 28: 16-22.

Probably limited to the Hottentots Holland Mountains,

Kogelberg and Palmiet River Mountains in the western part

of the Caledon Division. The species has been recorded

from moist slopes and stream sides. It may become

seriously threatened by a dam project in the Palmiet River

Valley. Map 25.

Vouchers: Stokoe 865, 896 , 947, 3178, 4034 , 6150,

6180, 7033.

All locality statements derived from Stokoe. The spe-

cies is very distinct and most closely related to A. alpestris

(no. 59).

Group 7: Borboniae

Small to rather large shrubs, decumbent to erect; branches pubescent or glabrous. Leaves

simple throughout, flat, weak to rigid and coriaceous, sometimes hard; narrowly linear to ovate,

cordate or elliptic, glabrous or more rarely ciliate on margins, with few to numerous conspicuous

parallel or arching-converging veins from the base; margins smooth or distinctly to prominently

denticulate-dentate; leaflet apex pointed, generally ending in a rigid spine. Inflorescence terminal,

of ( I - ) few to numerous flowers in head- or umbel-like clusters. Lateral branch in uppermost leaf

axil strongly developed (e.g. in A. lanceifolia — no. 65) or not. Bract simple, linear-filiform or

small and tooth-like (lacking in A. cordata — no. 67), not accreted to pedicel base. Pedicel distinct,

often rather long, short in A. cordata and A. barbata (no. 68), pubescent or glabrous. Bracteoles

similar to bract, usually shorter. Calyx generally not very fleshy (coriaceous at least in A. angusti-

folia — no. 66), glabrous or pubescent; lobes flat, narrowly triangular to lanceolate, pointed, often

spine-tipped, and of about equal length. Petals yellow or standard ± reddish. Standard elliptic to

obovate (obcordate), pubescent on the back (at least along the midline). Wing blades oblong-linear.

Crotalarieae

3,6: 103

glabrous or ± sericeous or tomentose, with 2 — 7 rows of minute folds on upper basal parts. Keel

blades lunate, obtuse, glabrous or pubescent, with a basal pouch. Pistil with ovary merging into

style base; ovary glabrous or with some pubescence on upper (and sometimes lower) part of base;

ovules 2-24. Pod lanceolate to linear, generally glabrous. Chromosome number. 2 n = 18.

Within this group A. cordata (no. 67) and A. barbata (no. 68) are distinct in having short bracts and bracteoles or none,

short pedicels, pubescent wings and keel, and 2 ovules per ovary. Perhaps only they should comprise the Borboniae, and

A. commutata (no. 61), A. perfoliata (no. 62). A. perforata (no. 63), A. lanceifolia (no. 65) and A. angustifolia (no. 66)

should be placed under the Pedunculares (group 6), and A. crenata (no. 69) and A. elliptica (no. 70) should form a separate

unit.

61. Aspalathus commutata (Vogel)

Dahlg. in Bot. Notiser 116: 191 (1963); in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund. 9(1); 205 (1963); ibid. 22:

50 (1968). Type: 'Borbonia commutata Vogel,

C. b. sp., M. & M.’ (K, neo.!).

Borbonia commutata Vogel in Linnaea 10: 596 (1836);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 463 ( 1843) (as a syno-

nym of Borbonia undulata Thunb. ).

B. undulata Thunb., Prodr. 2; 122 (1800); Willd. , Sp.

PI. 3: 924 (1802); Thunb. , Diss. Bot. Borbonia: 6 (1811);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 462 (1843); Harv. FI.

Cap. 2: 30 (1862); Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16; 405 ( 1920);

Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 463 (1950). Type:

Borbonia undulata' in herbarium Thunberg (UPS, lecto. !).

This name, although older than B. commutata. if combined

under Aspalathus would become a later homonym of

A. undulata Eckl. & Zeyh., a synonym of A. fasciculata

(Thunb.) Dahlg.

B. undulata Thunb. var. ciliata Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci.

16: 405 ( 1920). Type: Cape, Witzenberg Mountains, Ceres

Division, Zexher 363 (SAM, lecto.!; BOL, LD).

A decumbent-procumbent or prostrate,

low shrub with branches up to more than 0,5 m

long, radiating from a common centre and

forming mats or ‘clusters’, generally not reach-

ing 0,3 m above the ground. Young branches

with long, sparse, spreading hairs. Leaves ovate

or elliptic, 11-28 x 7-18 mm, subglabrous,

apex acuminate or spine-tipped, ± recurved;

lower side with c. 9 prominent longitudinal

veins, and with distinct reticulate veins between

these; margins followed by the peripheral veins,

generally ± undulate, with sparse minute tuber-

cles supporting long, patent hairs. Inflorescence

unifloral or racemose with 2 — 4( — 6) flowers

dispersed on an inflorescence axis; below the

lowest flower a ± peduncle-like internode up to

c. 30 mm long. A rapidly developing branch in

uppermost leaf axil soon pushing the inflores-

cence-bearing peduncle aside to a pseudo-lat-

eral position. Bract linear-subfiliform, 4-9 x

0,3-0, 5 (-0,8) mm, weak, with sparse hairs

from wart-like base. Pedicel 2,5—4 mm long,

glabrous or with sparse hairs. Bracteoles 3-7

mm long. Calyx tube campanulate, 3,5-4 mm

long, almost glabrous; lobes linear, tapering,

3-7 mm long, weak, with sparse spreading

hairs on the margins. Petals light yellow or

standard partly darkish. Standard blade broadly

elliptic-obovate, 7—10,5 x 7—12 mm,

rounded-retuse (but often with a short ‘tip’),

sericeous on most of the back. Wing blades nar-

rowly elliptic-obovate, (5 — )5 ,5 — 8 x (2,3-)

2, 6-3, 9 mm, glabrous, with 6-7 rows of mi-

nute folds on basal half. Keel blades 6, 5-8, 5 x

(3,3—) 4-5 mm, obtuse (-subacute), gla-

brous; upper margins usually slightly concave.

Pistil with elongate ovary hairy on upper and

lower sutures; ovules 6-16; style upcurved.

Pod broadly linear, 17-30 x 4,5— 7,7 mm,

ciliate above and below, smooth, several-

seeded.

Found in mountains of the Stellenbosch, Paarl, Wor-

cester, Tulbagh and Ceres Divisions, and known from

single collections from Table Mountain (Cape Peninsula)

and the Caledon Division (Louwshoek near Villiersdorp).

The species generally grows at altitudes of 1 000 to 1 700

m, at lower altitude on the Peninsula, growing on rocky

slopes, mainly among restionaceous tufts, rarely along

streams. Map 28.

Vouchers: Esterhuxsen 4092 , 8288. 9889, 11128,

13544. 13776, 15161 17637, 17748, 18186, 18450,

19894, 24271; Lamb 444.

A. commutata is variable in leaf size and rigidity and

the stature of the branches. Small-leaved forms occur in the

Witzenberg Mountains and the mountains around Du Toit's

Kloof. Weak leaves up to 30 x 25 mm, occur on Haalhoek

Spitzkop. Paarl Division, and Banhoek Kloof, Stellenbosch

Division, growing at the fairly low altitude of 850- 1 000 m.

A. commutata is most closely allied to A. perfoliata

(no. 62).

62. Aspalathus perfoliata (Lam.) Dahlg.

in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 285, 205

(1963); ibid. 22: 53 (1968). Type: ‘ Borbonia

perfoliata’ in herbarium Jussieu (P, neo.!).

■Az/.

3,6: 104

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 105

Borbonia perfoliata Lam., Encycl. I: 437 (1783). (This

name was later used by Thunberg and Willdenow for a

species of Rafnia.)

'Borbonia crenata' auct. non L., Sp. PI. edn 1: 708

(1753); in L., Sp. PI. edn 2: 994 (1763); in Curtis’s bot.

Mag. 7: plate 274 (1794); Thunb., Prodr. 2: 122 (1800);

Diss. Bot. Borbonia 6 (1811); DC., Prodr. 2: 120 (1825);

E. Mey. Comm. 1: 16 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 466

(1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 462 (1843);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 30 (1862); Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16:

404 (1920). See under A. crenata (no. 69). Synonym of

subsp. perfoliata.

‘Borbonia undulata' auct. non Thunb.; in Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enum. 2: 163 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 466 (1839).

Synonym of subsp. perfoliata.

B. undulata Thunb. var. (P) multiflora Harv., FI. Cap. 2:

30 (1862). Synonym of subsp. phillipsii. B. multiflora

(Harv.) Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 405 ( 1920). Synonym of

subsp. phillipsii. Type: Cape, mountains near Brackfontein,

Clanwilliam Division, Ecklon & Zeyher 1203 (S, lecto. ! ;

B, GRA, LD, PRE, SAM).

An erect, rigid, sparingly branched shrub

0,5- 1,8 m tall with strong, spreading

branches. Young branches subterete, ferrugi-

nous, glabrous or provided with sparse, long,

spreading hairs. Leaves broadly ovate or elliptic

to orbicular, 15-50 x 12-45 mm, stiff, hard,

glabrous, with a rigid, apical, slightly recurved

spine, cordate, semi-amplexicaul, with 9-15

longitudinal veins, between these reticulate

venation; margins prominently veined, with up

to 1 (-1,5) mm long, peg- or tooth-like projec-

tions. Inflorescence a terminal, sparse or com-

pact raceme with (4 — )7 — 1 5( — 25) flowers.

Bract linear to subfiliform, 3 — 8( — 10) x

0,2—1 mm, ± flat, weak, with few spreading

hairs. Pedicel 2, 5-4, 5 (-6) mm long, gla-

brous or subglabrous. Bracteoles 0,8-5 mm

long. Calyx tube campanulate, smooth with

sparse or very sparse, long, spreading hairs;

lobes broadly to narrowly triangular, 1-6,5

mm long, subglabrous, tapering into a ± subu-

late, pointed apex. Petals light (lemon) yellow

or the standard ± purplish or violet. Standard

blade very broadly obovate or almost circular,

7,5 — 11 x 9-14,5 mm, obtuse-retuse, closely

tomentose-sericeous on the back. Wing blades

spathulate or oblanceolate, 7-10,5 x 3-4,5

mm, glabrous with 5-6 rows of minute folds

on basal half. Keel blades 6-7,5 x 3,5—5 mm,

glabrous, with nearly straight upper margin.

Pistil glabrous except on the upper and lower

side of apical half of the ovary; ovules 8-21.

Pod linear or narrowly lanceolate, 17-37 x

4, 7-6, 8 mm, glabrous or slightly hairy above

and below, smooth, with several seeds.

Distributed in the mountains from the Somerset West

Division up to the Clanwilliam Division, lacking on the

Cape Peninsula but found on the Piketberg Mountain (Piket-

berg Division), not reaching further east than the mountains

north of Worcester and those north of Ceres. The species

grows on rocky slopes at moderate up to rather high alti-

tudes (up to 1 700 m).

The northern populations differ considerably from the

southern ones and are distinguished as a separate subspecies

according to the following key:

Calyx lobes usually 1—3 mm long, the upper with a

broadly triangular base; calyx tube with very

sparse hairs 62a. subsp. perfoliata

Calyx lobes 3, 5-6, 8 mm long, triangular-linear; calyx

tube with moderately sparse pubescence

62b. subsp. phillipsii

62a. subsp. perfoliata.

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1):

205 (1963); ibid. 22: 56(1968).

For synonymy see above.

Shrubs 0,8- 1,8 m tall, with very sparse,

spreading hairs on young parts. Leaves closely

set on the upper parts of the branches, often

imbricate, 18— 35( — 50) x 15 — 30( — 45) mm.

Inflorescences with 7— 20( — 25) flowers in a

rather short, compact (rarely elongate) raceme,

commonly sheltered by the uppermost leaves.

Bract 3—5,5 x 0,2— 0,3 mm and bracteoles

1-3,5 x c. 0,2 mm. Calyx with very sparse

spreading hairs; lobes broadly triangular, 1—3

mm long, with broad base and narrow, tapering

apex. Standard blade 7,5-10,5 x 9,5-14

mm; wing blades 7-10 X 3-4,5 mm, and

keel blades 6-7,5 x 3,5— 4,5 mm. Pods

(17 — )20— 26 x (4,7 — )5 — 6 (-6,7) mm. Fig-

ure 29: 15-20.

Figure 29. Aspalathus perforata (1-7); A. perfoliata subsp. phillipsii (8-14); A. perfoliata subsp. perfoliata

(15-20). — 1, 8: branches with inflorescences; 2, 15: flowers; 3: standard, front view; 4, 11, 18: wing petals; 5, 12, 19:

keel petals; 6, 13, 20: pistils; 7, 14: fruits; 9, 16: bracts; 10, 17: bracteoles (prophylls). — 1-7 from Esterhuysen 21080 ;

8-13 from Compton 6500', 14 from Compton 19448', 15-20 from Hafstrom (year: 1934). — (1, 7, 8, 14 x2; 2-6, 9-13,

15-20x4.)

3,6: 106

Crotalarieae

Distributed in mountains from Hottentots Holland

Mountains (Somerset West Division) in the south, through

the Stellenbosch, Paarl, Worcester, Ceres and Tulbagh Di-

visions to the Porterville region (Piketberg Division) in the

north. Growing mainly at altitudes below 1 000 m in tall,

dense fynbos communities. Map 29.

Vouchers: Acocks 15264; Dahlgren & Strid 4080;

Ecklon & Zeyher 1204; Esterhuysen 15263, 19852; Parker

4010.

62b. subsp. phillipsii Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 9(1): 285, 205 (1963); ibid. 22:

59 (1968). Type: see under the species above.

Synonyms: see under the species above.

A sparingly branched shrub 0,5- 1 ,2(— 1 ,7

m tall, less densely leafy than in subsp. perfo-

liata. Leaves 15 — 35( — 50) x 12— 30(— 40)

mm, lateral peg- or tooth-like projections up to

1(— 1 ,5) mm long. Inflorescence a sparse (rare-

ly dense) raceme of 4— 10(— 15) flowers, often

subtended by a long intemode (and thus not

enclosed by the uppermost leaves). Bract

4,5 — 8( — 10) X 0,4 — 1 ( — 1 ,5) mm; bracteoles

3,5— 5(— 6) x 0,3 — 0,5( — 1 ) mm. Calyx tube

with moderately sparse, long, spreading hairs;

lobes (3— )3,5— 6,8 mm long. Standard blade

(7— )8— 11 x (9 — ) 10 — 1 3 ,5( — 14,5) mm; wing

blades (7— )7,5— 10(— 10,5) x 3-4,8 mm; keel

blades (5,5 — )6— 7 X (3,5 — )3,8— 5 mm. Pods

28— 35(— 37) X (4,8— )5— 6,3(— 6,8) mm. Fig-

ure 29: 8-14.

Distributed mainly north of subsp. perfoliata, from the

Riebeek-Kasteel and Piketberg Mountains in the south to

the northern end of the Cederberg Mountains in the north,

with the main occurrence in the Ceres and Clanwilliam

Divisions. Map 29.

Vouchers: Acocks 19814; Bolus 7516; Dahlgren &

Strid 2514 , 2526, 3207, 4452; Ecklon & Zeyher 1203;

Esterhuysen 16090; Marloth 11471 .

The forms of the Riebeek-Kasteel Mountain (Malmes-

bury) and those on the Piketberg Mountain (Piketberg Divi-

sion) are intermediate between subsp. perfoliata and subsp.

phillipsii.

63. Aspalathus perforata ( Thunb .)

Dahlg. in Bot. Notiser 1 14: 191 (1963); in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1): 204 (1963); ibid. 22:

28 (1968). Type: 'Borbonia perforata ’ in her-

barium Thunberg (UPS, lecto. !).

Borbonia perforata Thunb., Prodr. 2: 122 (1800);

Willd., Sp. PI. 3: 923 (1802; as synonym of B. ciliata );

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 463 (1843); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 30 (1862); H. Bol. & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr.

phil. Soc. 14: 251 (1903); Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 403

(1920).

B. ciliata Willd., Sp. PI. 3: 923 (1802); Thunb., Diss.

Bot. Borbonia: 6 (181 1); DC., Prodr. 2: 120 (1825); Walp.

in Linnaea 13: 467 (1839; as synonym of B. perforata);

Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum., 2: 163 (1836). Type: 'Borbonia

ciliata' in herbarium Willdenow, no. 13117 (B, lecto.!).

B. candolleana Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 163 (1836). B.

perforata Thunb. var. ((3) breviflora Walp. in Linnaea 13:

467 (1839). Type: Cape, Tulbagh Valley near Waterfalls,

Tulbagh Division, Ecklon & Zeyher 1207 (S, lecto.!; B,

GRA, K, LD, PRE, SAM).

B. perforata Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 163 (1836). This

species was described as new without reference to Thun-

berg. Type: Cape, mountains above Grootvadersbosch,

Swellendam Division, Ecklon & Zeyher 1205 (S, lecto.!; P,

SAM).

B. perforata Thunb. var. (a) pluriflora Harv. , FI. Cap. 2:

30 (1862). Type: Cape, Winterhoek Mountains, Tulbagh

Division, Ecklon & Zeyher 1206 (S, lecto.!).

B. perforata Thunb. var. ((3) pauciflora Harv., FI. Cap.

2: 30 (1862). Type: Cape, 'Camp’s Bay', Cape Peninsula,

Harvey (K. lecto.!).

A decumbent to prostrate shrublet, ascend-

ing when young, then developing to more than

1 m long, horizontal, spreading branches.

Branches terete or ± compressed, greenish to

ferruginous, young branches with sparse,

spreading long hairs and fresh green leaves,

older ones with persistent brown-red or black,

dead leaves. Leaves elliptic (-oval or even cir-

cular), 10-30 (-40) x 8-25 (—35) mm,

subglabrous, amplexicaul (the base enclosing

the stem), with closest part of leaf margin 2-5

(—11) mm from the stem; lower leaf surface

with prominent midvein and several main,

curved veins radiating from the leaf base, dif-

fusely to distinctly reticulate between these

veins; margins and midvein with sparse hairs,

each from a distinct tubercle; apex obtuse-re -

tuse but with a recurved ‘tip'. Inflorescence a

racemule of 2-12 flowers on a short axis, or

with a solitary flower. A lateral branch soon

developing in the axil of the uppermost leaf,

pushing the inflorescence aside to a pseudo-la-

teral position. Bract subfiliform, 0,8-4 X

0,1 -0,3 mm, flexible, glabrous or with few

hairs. Pedicel 1,5-2, 5 mm long, glabrous.

Bracteoles varying from very minute to subfili-

form, up to 2(— 3) mm long. Calyx tube cam-

Crotalarieae

3,6: 107

panulate, 2,2—3 mm long, glabrous or with a

few long spreading hairs; lobes triangular to

subulate, 1,2-3 mm long, acuminate, weak,

ciliate with sparse long hairs. Petals light

yellow or standard and keel partly violet.

Standard blade circular, 3,5— 5,5(— 6) X

4,5— 6,5(— 7) mm, retuse or obtuse, silky seri-

ceous on most of the back. Wing blades oblong

or narrowly elliptic, 3,2 — 4,9( — 6) x 1,5 -2, 5

mm, glabrous, with c. 3 longitudinal rows of

minute folds on basal half. Keel blades broadly

lunate, 2,6— 3,8 x 1,8— 2,6 mm, glabrous,

with ± straight upper margin. Pistil glabrous,

with elongate ovary; ovules (2-) 4-7. Pod

linear-lanceolate, 16— 21,5 x 4, 3-5, 3 mm,

smooth, glabrous, rather turgid. Figure 29:

1-7.

Distributed in mountains of the Cape Town, Caledon,

Swellendam, Robertson, Wellington, Worcester, Tulbagh

and Piketberg (Kardouw Pass area) Divisions; growing on

rather moist mountain slopes, often on somewhat clayey

soil, often in luxuriant fynbos. Often proliferating some

years after burning. Map 32.

Vouchers; Bolus 4134; Burchell 418, 8114; Dahlgren

& Strid 3176, 3188, 4220; Esterhuysen 21080, 22638; Ma-

guire 1223; Schlechter 2137, 7456.

The southern forms tend to have unifloral inflores-

cences, whereas the northern forms generally have race-

mules with 4- 12 flowers.

The closest relatives are, perhaps, A. commutata (no.

61) and A. perfoliata (no. 62).

64. Aspalathus complicata ( Benth .)

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 275,

205 (1963); ibid. 22: 62 (1968). Type: Cape,

Piketberg, by streamlet, Piketberg Division,

Drege (K, lecto. ! ; LD, PRE, S).

Borbonia complicata Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2:

462 (1843); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 29 (1862); Phill. in S. Afr. J.

Sci. 16:408(1920).

'Borbonia parviflora auct. non Lam. in E. Mey.,

Comm. 1: 16 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 467 (1839), pro

parte.

An erect shrub up to 1,5 m tall (usually

smaller), branched. Young branches smooth,

with sparse, long, spreading hairs. Leaves

ovate-cordate, sessile (‘semi-amplexicaul’),

10-18 (-24) x 8-16 (-20) mm; apex sharp-

ly spine-tipped (spine up to more than 2 mm

long); base cordate; surface with 7-9 main

longitudinal veins, minor reticulate venation

present between these; margins very minutely

serrulate-denticulate, followed by the periphe-

ral veins. Inflorescences terminal, dense, ovate

racemes with 10-20 closely set flowers, the

lowest partly surrounded by the uppermost

leaves. Bract acicular, 4—5 x 0,2-0, 3 mm,

with a few spreading hairs. Pedicel 1,2— 1,8

mm long, subglabrous. Bracteoles acicular,

0,7-2 mm long. Calyx tube campanulate, c.

2,5(— 3) mm long, glabrous; lobes narrowly

triangular, 1,2-2 mm long, acuminate (-weakly

spine-tipped), glabrous. Petals cream-white to

pale yellow, thin, fragile. Standard blade ob-

ovate, 5,1-6 x 3, 8-4, 4 mm, sparsely pubes-

cent on apical third of the back, apically

rounded but with a short, acute ‘tip'; sides ±

recurved. Wing blades linear-oblong, 5-6 x

1,3— 1,5 mm, glabrous, with 1-2 longitudinal

rows with faint minute folds covering

most of the outer side. Keel blades 4, 1-4,6 x

2,2— 2,4 mm, glabrous, with slightly convex

upper margin. Pistil: ovary elongate, ciliate on

lower and upper sutures; ovules 4 or 5; style

only slightly upcurved. Ripe pods not seen.

Known only from the Piketberg Mountain (Piketberg

Division), where it was recorded by Pillans (label) on a

‘slope near a streamlet’ at the base of Versfeld's Pass.

Map 32.

Vouchers: Drege, Piketberg, 550 m; Pillans 7142.

Appears, in some respects, intermediate between A.

commutata (no. 61) and A. crenata (no. 69), the latter of

which is not known from the Piketberg Division.

65. Aspalathus lanceifolia Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 282, 210 (1963); in

FI. PI. S. Afr. 40: t. 1570 (1969-70); in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 22: 64 (1968). Type: Cape,

south-eastern side of French Hoek Mountains,

Caledon Division, Stokoe in SAM 61368

(SAM).

? Borbonia lanceolata L. var. ((3) gracilis Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 28 (1862); Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 402 (1920),

pro parte. Type: Cape, Tulbagh Waterfall, Tulbagh Divi-

sion, Pappe (TCD, lecto., not seen).

Decumbent to ascending shrublet up to 0,2

m tall with branches up to more than 0,5 m

long, slender, slightly angular, glabrous, green-

ish on youngest parts. Leaves linear or narrowly

lanceolate, 7—20 x 0,8-3 mm, apically spine-

tipped, glabrous (or with few spreading hairs).

3,6: 108

Crotalarieae

Maps 30-34. — Map 30. Aspalathus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia (unbroken line); A. lanceifolia (squares). —

Map 31. A. cordata (unbroken line). — Map 32. A. perforata (dots); A. complicata (asterisk). — Map 33. A. barbata

(unbroken line). — Map 34. A. crenata (unbroken line); A. elliptica (squares).

Crotalarieae

3,6: 109

smooth above, with 3 ± distinct veins below

(apart from margins). Inflorescence usually

consisting of one rather long-pedicellate flower,

terminating the shoot, on a ± short, not pedun-

cle-like branch. A lateral branch developing

rapidly in the uppermost leaf axil pushing the

inflorescence (flower) aside to a lateral posi-

tion. Bract present as a less than 0,4 mm long

triangular ‘tip’ at pedicel base (or lacking). Pe-

dicel generally 4 — 10( — >12) mm long (de-

pending on age), glabrous, merging into calyx

base. Bracteoles sometimes visible as minute

teeth or scars on the pedicel. Calyx campanu-

late-tubular, glabrous, smooth; lobes very nar-

rowly triangular (—subulate), 2,4-4, 2 mm

long, acuminate, glabrous. Petals yellow, turn-

ing reddish. Standard blade obovate, 6—8,5 x

5-8,2 mm, rounded-retuse, without apical

‘tip’, puberulous-tomentose or partly sericeous

on most of the back (base partly glabrous).

Wing blades narrowly obovate or elliptic,

5-7,5 x 2-3 mm, glabrous or with some pu-

bescence on lower parts near middle, with c. 6

rows of minute folds on the upper basal half.

Keel blades 4, 8-6, 2 x 2, 4-3, 5 mm, tomen-

tose on lower apical half, with ± straight upper

margin. Pistil glabrous; ovary elongate; ovules

10-16. Pod linear, 20-28 x 3, 3-4, 3 mm,

glabrous, smooth, often slightly upcurved.

Chromosome number: 2n=18. Figure 30: 1—7.

Ranging from the Caledon Division in the south

through the Wellington and Tulbagh Divisions to central

Cederberg Mountains, in the Clanwilliam Division in the

north, growing in half-moist, sometimes grassy patches on

sandy soil; recorded, for example, from ‘vlei ground near

stream’ in the Cederberg Mountains. Map 30.

Vouchers: Compton 12706; Dahlgren & Strid 3810,

4225; Esterhuysen 12037; Schlechter 9061; Wall, Bain’s

Kloof.

Quite distinct from A. angustifolia (no. 66), which

always has stiffer, more veiny leaves and larger flowers.

66. Aspalathus angustifolia (Lam.)

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 270,

210 (1963); ibid. 22: 67 (1968). Type: ‘2 Bor-

bonia angustifolia la marck encycl. — Sonnerat’

in herbarium Jussieu (P, neo.!).

Borbonia angustifolia Lam., Encycl. 1: 436 (1783);

Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 164 (1836); Benth. in Hooker,

Lond. J. Bot. 2: 460 (1843; as a synonym of B. lanceolata).

B. lanceolata L. var. (3 angustifolia (Lam.) Walp. in Lin-

naea 13:468(1839).

B. lanceolata L., Sp. PI. edn 1: 707 (1753); Sp. PI. edn

2: 994 (1763); Jacq.,Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 48 ( 1 797); Thunb. ,

Prodr. 2: 122 (1800); Willd. , Sp. PI. 3: 923 ( 1 802); Thunb. ,

Diss. Bot. Borbonia 4 (1811); DC., Prodr. 2: 120 (1825);

Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 163 (1836); E. Mey., Comm. 1:

16 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 467 (1839); Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 460 (1843); H. Bol. & Wolley-

Dod in Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 14: 251 (1903); Phill. in S.

Afr. J. Sci. 16: 401 (1920); Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape

Penins. 463 (1950). Type: Plate 297: 4 in Pluk., Phytogr.

PI. (1691-96). The name, if combined under Aspalathus,

would become a later homonym of A. lanceolata E. Mey.,

which is now transferred to Lotononis : L. lanceolata (E.

Mey.) Benth.

B. decipiens E. Mey., Comm. 1: 15 (1836); Walp. in

Linnaea 13: 468 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2:

460 (1843; as a synonym of B. lanceolata). Type: Cape,

between Constantia and Steenberg, Cape Peninsula, Drege

(P, lecto.!; K, S).

B. lanceolata L. var. villosa Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16:

402 (1920). Type: Cape, Koude Rivier, Bredasdorp Divi-

sion, Schlechter 9732 (GRA, lecto.!; K, P, PRE, S).

B. lanceolata L. var. robusta Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci 16:

402 (1920). Type: Cape, Middle Khamiesberg plateau

north-east of Leliefontein, Pearson, P. Sladen Mem. Exp.

6346 (K, iso. or holo. !).

An ascending, erect, or decumbent shrub

or shrublet, 0,15—0,5 m (subsp. robusta up to

c. 1 m) tall, sparingly branched or virtually un-

branched, branches often radiating from a short

basal stem. Young branches usually slender,

straight or ascending, weak (-rigid), glabrous

or occasionally with sparse (—close) long,

spreading hairs. Leaves sparsely or closely dis-

tributed, linear to broadly lanceolate, 10-35 x

1— 6 mm, rigid, sharply spine-tipped, straight,

green, glabrous (or occasionally with scattered

long hairs on margins), lower side with 3-5

prominent veins beside the marginal veins, up-

per side ± smooth; margins smooth. Inflores-

cence unifloral or a terminal raceme or umbel of

2— 6 flowers; flowers attached nearly on one

point or at a short distance from each other on a

common, non-pedunculate or rarely peduncle-

like axis. This sometimes pushed aside by a

rapidly growing branch in the axil of the upper-

most leaf. Bract small, weak, subulate or acicu-

lar, less than 3 mm long, narrow, glabrous (or

ciliate). Pedicel 2,5-10 mm long, usually gla-

brous, rarely white-woolly. Bracteoles less than

1,5 mm long. Calyx tube narrowly campanu-

late-cylindrical, 5—6 mm long, glabrous (rarely

sparsely long-hairy), veiny; lobes lanceolate or

very narrowly triangular, 3,5-8 (—11,5) mm

long, acuminate or spine-tipped, green with 3

distinct veins, glabrous; tne uppermost two

lobes united (dorsally) further than the others.

Petals bright yellow (-partly reddish), wing and

keel claws c. 50 % and 66 % of the blade

3,6: 110

CROTALARffiAE

21

Crotalarieae

3,6: 111

length, respectively. Standard blade narrowly

obtriangular-obovate, 9-17 x (6,5— )7,5—

14, 5(— 16) mm, apically refuse or emarginate,

tapering towards the base; back densely white-

tomentose or sericeous. Wing blades linear-spa-

thulate, (8,5-) 9,5-13 (-14) x (2,5-) 3-5

(—6,5) mm, sericeous or tomentose on lower

half or less of outer side; upper basal parts with

about 4 rows of minute folds. Keel blades

6,5— 9,4 x 3,5— 4,5 mm, tomentose on most

parts except base; upper margin straight or

slightly concave. Pistil glabrous or ciliate on

lower side of ovary; ovules (12—) 15—24. Pod

linear, 28-42 x 3,2—5 mm, straight (slightly

upcurved), smooth, glabrous.

Widely distributed through the southern divisions be-

tween the Cape Peninsula and Port Elizabeth, also on the

western lowlands as far as Piketberg (Piketberg Division)

and with occurrences in the mountains around Hex River

Valley (Worcester-Ceres Divisions), also recorded from an

isolated population near Nieuwoudtville in the Calvinia Di-

vision in the north-west. An aberrant population in the Little

Namaqualand Division represents subsp. robusta.

Shrublets decumbent or ascending, generally less

than 0,4 m tall; legumes more than 35 mm long . . .

66a. subsp. angustifolia

Shrubs erect, up to 1 m tall; legumes less than 32 mm

long 66b. subsp. robusta

66a. subsp. angustifolia.

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1):

210(1963); ibid. 22:68(1968).

All synonyms above, except those with the epithet ‘ro-

busta’ , refer to this subspecies.

Description largely as for the species,

above, but with the following differences:

Shrublets generally shorter than 0,4 m, decum-

bent or ascending, rarely erect. Branches gener-

ally ascending in a bow, not robust and spread-

ing. Pods usually longer than 30 mm and

broader than 3,5 mm. Chromosome number: 2 n

= 18. Figure 30: 15-21.

Distributed as described above except that it does not

reach further than the Vanrhynsdorp Division in the north-

west. The subspecies generally grows on sandy ground at

low altitudes and is generally associated with fynbos or, in

the eastern divisions, grass. However, in the Swellendam-

Riversdale Division subsp. angustifolia may grow in soil

with a high clay content, and is then ± associated with

renosterbos. Map 30.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Peterson 610: Dahlgren &

Strid 2600, 3031, 3795, 4219, 4304 , 4541, 4661, 4834;

Ecklon & Zeyher 1213; Keet 1148; Long 284; Rogers

26717; Schlechter 9732; Smith 4805; Story 3653; Tyson

742.

The north-western forms, in the Calvinia, Ceres,

Piketberg and Worcester Divisions, tend to have relatively

small leaves, small and often solitary flowers with glabrous

pedicel and calyx. Calyx lobes and legumes are also rather

short. Thus, they approach to some extent subsp. robusta to

which they are geographically closest. Slender forms with

slender leaves also occur in the Caledon and Bredasdorp

Divisions. Other southern forms usually have larger leaves,

flowers and legumes. A regionally restricted population in

the Bredasdorp Division (Zondagskloof-Cape Agulhas) is

peculiar in having long, sparse, spreading hairs on the calyx

and marginally ciliate leaves (‘ Borbonia lanceolata var.

villosa Phill. ’), but in other respects it does not deviate from

other southern forms; sparse hairs on calyx and pedicel also

occur in forms in the Humansdorp Division.

66b. subsp. robusta (Phill.) Dahlg. in Op.

bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 271, 210 (1963);

ibid. 22: 76 (1968). Based on Borbonia lanceo-

lata L. var. robusta Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16:

402 (1920). See under the species above.

An erect shrub up to c. 1 m or more, with

straight, spreading, rigid branches; young

branches pale yellow, angular-sulcate, gla-

brous. Leaves stiff, 8-14 x 0,7- 1 ,5 mm, pale

green, with 3 prominent veins. Flowers usually

solitary, relatively small. Pedicel up to 8 mm

long. Calyx lobes 4-4,5 mm long. Standard

blade 9—11 x 6,5-8 mm; wing blades 9-9,5

x c. 2,5 mm, and keel blades 7-8 x c. 3,5

mm. Pods 27 — 32 x 3,2— 3,8 mm. Figure 30:

8-14.

Restricted to the Khamiesberg region in the Little

Namaqualand Division. Growing in marginal fynbos on

rocky ridges (Acocks 14212), at altitudes of 1 000-2 000

m. Map 55.

Vouchers: Acocks 142 12 ; Adamson 1490; Pearson, P.

Sladen Mem. Exp. 5764, 5873, 6346; Salter 1515.

67. Aspalathus cordata (L.) Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 275 (1963); ibid.

22: 78 (1968). Type: ‘ Borbonia cordata ’ in her-

barium Clifford (BM, lecto. !).

Figure 30. Aspalathus lanceifolia (1—7); A. angustifolia subsp. robusta (8-14); A. angustifolia subsp angustifo-

lia (15—21). — 1, 8, 15: branches with inflorescences; 2, 17: bracts; 3, 18: bracteoles (prophylls); 4, 10, 11, 19: wing

petals; 5, 12, 20: keel petals; 6, 13, 21: pistils; 7, 14: fruits; 9: standard, side view; 16: leaf (unifoliolate). — 1—7 from

Dahlgren & Strid 3810 ; 8 from Acocks 14212 ; 9—13 from Adamson 1490 ; 14 from Pearson, Percy Sladen Mem. Exp.

5764 ; 15-21 from Oldevig-Roberts, Knysna. — (1,7,8, 14, 15 x2; 2, 3 x 8; 4-6, 9— 13, 16—21 x4.)

3,6: 112

Crotalarieae

Figure 31 . Aspalathus barbata (1-6); A. cordata (7-12). — 1, 8: flowers; 2: bract; 3, 9: wing petals; 4, 10: keel

petals; 5, 11: pistils; 6, 12: fruits; 7: branch end with inflorescence. — 1-5 from Hafstrom & Acocks 2153', 6 from

Compton 14155', 7-11 from Hafstrom, Kloof Nek (year: 1934); 12 from Thorne, SAM 51380. — (1-6, 8-12x4; 7x2.)

Crotalarieae

3,6: 113

Borbonia cordata L., Sp. PI. edn 1: 707 (1753); Sp. PI.

edn 2: 994 (1763); Jacq., Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 48 (1797);

Thunb. , Prodr. 2: 122 (1800); Willd. , Sp. PI. 3: 924 (1802);

Thunb., Diss. Bot. Borbonia 5 (181 1 ); DC., Prodr. 2: 120

(1825); Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 163 (1836); E. Mey.,

Comm. 1: 16 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13; 467 (1839);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 461 (1843); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 27 ( 1862); H. Bol. & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr.

phil. Soc. 14: 251 (1903); Phil), in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 408

( 1920); Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 463 ( 1950).

B. cordifolia Lam., Encycl. I: 436 (1783); DC., Prodr.

2; 120 (1825). Type: ‘3, Borbonia cordifolia la marck

encycl.', in herbarium Jussieu (P, neo.!).

An erect or ascending shrub usually

0,4-0, 8 (- 1) m tall, strong, rigid, rather freely

branched, up to more than 10 mm thick at the

base. Young branches rather strong, white-

woolly, densely leafy. Leaves lanceolate to

broadly ovate, 12-22 (-30) x 5-13 (-17)

mm, stiff, rigid, sharply spine-tipped, glabrous

(not marginally ciliate), truncate to cordate and

semi-amplexicaul at the base; both sides with

11—21 distinct, parallel veins, every second

one being thinner than the other; margins pro-

minent, smooth. Inflorescence a terminal head-

like cluster with 4—8 flowers emerging from

nearly the same point, surrounded by the upper-

most leaves. One or more lateral branches often

developing rapidly in the axil of some of the

uppermost leaves, causing a sympodial branch-

ing system. Bracts and bract eoles lacking. Pe-

dicel very short. Calyx tube campanulate, 5-7

mm long, covered with long, sparse, white

hairs; lobes lanceolate, 5,5-11 mm long, gla-

brous on outer (hairy on inner) side, stiff, with

3-7 prominent, parallel veins, ending in a

sharp spine more than 2 mm long. Petals bright

yellow, turning bright red, partly covered with

long, white pubescence; wing and keel claws

about equal and 60% the length of the blades,

respectively. Standard blade obtriangular-ob-

ovate, 10,5-14 x 7-10,5 mm, apically re-

fuse, with long sericeous to tomentose pubes-

cence on the back. Wing blades linear-spathu-

late, (8,5-) 9,5- 12 x 2, 5-3, 6 mm, broadest

apically, rounded, with 3-4 longitudinal rows

of minute folds on the upper part of the basal,

narrow half. Keel blades (5,5 — ) 6—7,2 x (3-)

3, 3-3, 8 mm, sericeous-tomentose on most

parts, with nearly straight upper margin. Pistil

with elongate ovary, pubescent only basally on

upper and lower sides; ovules 2. Pods lanceo-

late, 13—17,5 x 3, 5-4, 5 mm, sometimes

slightly falcate, subglabrous, rather smooth.

Chromosome number. 2 n = 18. Figure 31:

7-12.

Distributed in the western divisions, from the central

parts of the Cape Peninsula and Cape Hangklip (Caledon

Division) in the south, through the Bellville, Somerset

West, Stellenbosch, Wellington, Worcester and Malmes-

bury Divisions to the Piketberg and Tulbagh Divisions in

the north. A. cordata grows on sandy slopes and foothills

(Table Mountain Sandstone products), in fynbos vegeta-

tion. Map 31.

Vouchers: Burchell 285; Dahlgren & Strid 3362.

3435, 4927; Ecklon & Zeyher 1210; Galpin 10606; Mac-

Owan, Herb. Norm. Austr. Afr. 536; Marloth 7236.

Related to A. barbata (no. 68) and A. angustifolia (no.

66), in some respects transitional between the two.

68. Aspalathus barbata {Lam.) Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9( 1 ): 272, 210 (1963);

ibid. 22: 82 (1968). Type: ‘ Borbonia barbata

Lmk. Encycl., Cap de b. Esp., Sonnerat' (P,

neo.!).

Borbonia barbata Lam., Encycl. 1: 436 (1783); DC.,

Prodr. 2: 120 (1825); E. Mey. in Linnaea 7: 148 (1832);

Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 163 (1836); ? E. Mey., Comm. 1:

15 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 467 (1839); Benth. in

Hooker. Lond. J. Bot. 2: 460(1843); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 27

(1862); H. Bol. & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc.

14: 251 (1903); Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 403 (1920);

Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 463 ( 1950).

An ascending or erect shrub 0,4- 1 m tall

or more, with strong, virgate, rigid branches.

Young branches covered with white, lanate pu-

bescence, very densely and imbricately leafy.

Leaves lanceolate, 10 — 20( — 25) x 2, 2-4, 5

(-6,5) mm, with a broad, semi-amplexicaul

base, then gradually tapering towards the spine-

tipped apex; upper and lower sides with 7-15

prominent longitudinal veins; margins ciliate

with rather long white hairs. Inflorescence ter-

minal on densely leafy branches, consisting of

2-5 flowers emerging from almost one point,

surrounded by the uppermost leaves. Bract

(hardly distinguishable at the long-hairy calyx

base) narrowly subulate-subfiliform, 0,5- 1,5

x less than 0,15 mm, provided with some long,

spreading hairs. Pedicel very short. Bract eoles

at least occasionally present, then similar to the

bract, less than 0,8 mm long. Calyx tube cam-

panulate, c. 4,5 mm long, clothed with straight,

half-spreading, long, white hairs; lobes linear-

3,6: 114

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 115

lanceolate, 6,3-10 mm long, 3-5-veined,

ending in long spines, closely long-ciliate on

the margins, otherwise subglabrous. Petals yel-

low, very closely tomentose on most parts;

wing and keel claws c. 55% and 66% the length

of the blades, respectively. Standard blade nar-

rowly obtriangular-obovate, 10 — 12( — 14,5) x

7-9 mm, rounded or refuse apically, closely

tomentose on the back. Wing blades linear-spa-

thulate, 8,7—10,3 x 2,5— 3,5 mm, broadest in

the apical rounded parts, closely sericeous-to-

mentose on lower and apical parts, with c. 3

longitudinal rows of minute folds on upper parts

of basal half. Keel blades 7,5 — 8,5( — 9,2) x

(2,6 — )3 — 4 mm, sericeous (-tomentose) on

most parts; upper margin slightly concave. Pis-

til pubescent only on upper basal parts of the

ovary; ovules 2(— 4). Pod lanceolate, 12-17 x

3, 2-4, 5 mm, broadest near the base and taper-

ing towards the ± upcurved apex, glabrous,

rather smooth. Figure 31: 1-6.

Restricted to the Cape Peninsula, where the species

occurs on mountain slopes in the northerly parts, from

Chapman’s Peak to Table Mountain. Map 33.

Vouchers: Bolus 3361; Compton 15155, 15425; Eck-

lon & Zeyher 1211; MacOwan, Herb, Norm. Austr. Afr.

535; Marloth 7911; Salter 7952.

Similar to A. cordata (no. 67) but differing in the hairy

leaf margins and smaller flowers.

69. Aspalathus crenata ( L .) Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1): 276, 207 (1963);

ibid. 22: 86 (1968). Type: Breyne, Exotic, pi.

Cent. prim. 69, plate 28 (1678).

Borbonia crenata L., Sp. PI. edn 1: 708 (1753); Lam.,

Encycl. 1: 437 (1783); Willd., Sp. PI. 3:924(1802).

B. parviflora Lam., Encycl. 1: 437 (1783); DC., Prodr.

2: 120 (1825); Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 163 ( 1836); Walp.

in Linnaea 13: 467 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot.

2: 462 (1843); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 29 (1862); H. Bol. &

Wolley-Dod in Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 14: 251 (1903);

Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 406 ( 1920); Adamson & Salter.

FI. Cape Penins. 463 (1950). Type: not selected; type mate-

rial of Lamarck's species of Borbonia is largely missing.

B. serrulata Thunb., Diss. Bot. Borbonia 6 (1811);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 29 (1862; as synonym of B. parviflora).

Type: ‘Borbonia serrulata' in herbarium Thunberg (UPS.

lecto. !).

B. ruscifolia Sims in Curtis's bot. Mag. 47: plate 2128

(1820); DC., Prodr. 2: 120 (1825); Eckl. & Zeyh.. Enum.

2: 163 (1836); E. Mey., Comm. 1: 16 (1836); Walp. in

Linnaea 13: 467 (1839); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2:

462 (1843; as synonym of A. parviflora). Type: Plate 2128

in Curtis’s bot. Mag. 47 (1820).

B. alata Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 185 (1826):

Walp. in Linnaea 13: 467 (1839; as synonym of B. ruscifo-

iia); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 462 (1843; as

synonym of B. parviflora). Type: Borbonia alata ' in her-

barium Willdenow, no. 131 14 (B, holo.l).

B. leiantha Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 407 (1920). A.

leiantha (Phill.) Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1):

282, 207 (1963); ibid. 22: 99 (1968). Type: Cape, Zwarte-

berg near Caledon, Caledon Division, MacOwan (SAM,

lecto.!; K).

A decumbent, ascending or erect shrub

0,2- 1,5 m tall, sparingly to closely branched

(some forms have a single, erect stem up to 1 m

high and spreading branches). Young branches

glabrous, angular or compressed, sparsely to

very closely leafy; intemodes with ridges or

narrow wings. Leaves ovate or nearly elliptic,

(6—) 12-28 (—40) x (3-) 4-18 mm, stiff,

bright green to glaucous, glabrous; base

rounded to subcordate; apex mucronate to

sharply spine-tipped; longitudinal veins 7-11,

surface between these rugose or transversely

veined; margin followed by a distinct vein, tu-

berculate-denticulate (but not with teeth or pegs

as in A. perfoliata — no. 62). Inflorescence a

short umbel (or ‘head’), rarely a raceme, of

3 — 15( — 25) flowers, ± enveloped by the up-

permost leaves. Bract filiform, (0,2-) 2,5-9

mm long, 0, 1 —0,2 mm broad, weak or slightly

rigid, glabrous or with few hairs. Pedicel

(1,2— )1, 5 — 3,5 mm long, glabrous. Bracteoles

(0,2— )2— 6 x c. 0,1 mm. Calv.x campanulate,

glabrous, smooth; lobes narrowly triangular-

lanceolate, (3—) 3,5-8 (-11) mm long,

smooth, tapering, acuminate-cuspidate, not

prickly. Petals yellow or (standard) partly

purplish, turning red or brown. Standard blade

obovate, (6,5 — )8 — 13 x (5 — )7 — 14,5 mm, re-

fuse or emarginate, closely sericeous on at least

FIGURE 32. Aspalathus crenata (1-16); A. elliptica (17-23). — 1: branch end with inflorescence; 2, 9, 13, 17:

flowers; 3, 18: bracts; 4, 19: bracteoles (prophylls); 5, 10, 14, 20: wing petals; 6, 11, 15, 21: keel petals; 7, 12, 16, 22:

pistils; 8, 23: fruits. — 1—7 from Barker 5958', 8 from Barker 285; 9-12 from Esterhuysen 17632 ; 13—16 from Dahlgren

& Strid 3160; 17-22 from Stokoe 1302; 23 from Esterhuysen 15233. — (1,8 x2; 2-7, 9— 23 X4.)

3,6: 116

Crotalarieae

apical half of the back, rarely almost gla-

brous (see below). Wing blades oblong,

(6,3 — )7 — 10( — 11) x (2,3 — )3 — 4,5( — 5,8)

mm, broadest on apical half, glabrous, with c.

6-7 rows of minute folds on basal half or

more. Keel blades (4-) 4,5— 6,5 x (2,3-)

3-4 (-4,7) mm, glabrous, with ± straight up-

per margin. Pistil glabrous; ovules (2-) 3-5

(—9). Pod lanceolate, (15-) 22-32 x (4,2-)

5-6,5 (-7) mm, glabrous, smooth, grey or

brown when ripe. Chromosome number.

2«= 18. Figure 32: 1-16.

A regionally common, western species occurring on

the Cape Peninsula and in the mountainous regions between

Cape Hangklip (Caledon Division) and the Olifants River

Mountains (Clanwilliam Division) through the Somerset

West, Stellenbosch, Paarl, Malmesbury, Wellington,

Worcester, Tulbagh, Piketberg (excluding the Piketberg

Mountain) and Ceres Divisions. The species generally

grows on sand substrate weathered from Table Mountain

Sandstone, but the tail-grown forms often seem to grow

mainly on clayey soil associated with granite outcrops. The

vegetation is largely fynbos. Map 34.

Vouchers: Ecklon & Zeyher 1208; Esterhuysen 11365,

13513, 16659, 17660, 17691; Leipoldt 3124; MacOwan,

Herb. Norm. Austr. Afr. 720; Marloth 10013; Schlechter

7293; Strey 684.

A variable species of disputable homogeneity.

A form series, previously called Borbonia ( Aspala -

thus) leiantha has extremely small flowers, usually 3—8 per

inflorescence; only 0,2-0, 8 mm long bracts and less than

0,4 mm long bracteoles; calyx lobes 3-5,8 mm long; stand-

ard blades 6, 5-9, 5 x 5—7,3 mm; wing blades 6,3-8 x

2, 3-2, 8 mm, and keel blades 4-5 x 2,3-3 mm. The

standard blade in these forms is nearly glabrous, having

only scattered hairs along the midrib of the back. The pods

are 15-20 mm long. Such forms occur on the Cape Penin-

sula, on the Swartberg Mountain (Caledon Division) and on

the mountains around Du Toit’s Kloof (Worcester Divi-

sion).

Low, decumbent, rather small-flowered forms, ap-

proaching and including ‘A. leiantha' , but sometimes with

more pubescent standard occur, for example, in the moun-

tains around Du Toit’s Kloof and on the Keeromsberg

(Worcester Division) and south of Mitchell’s Pass (Ceres

Division). Most other forms are larger in total size as well

as floral size. The largest shrubs are found in the Hottentots

Holland Mountains (Caledon and Somerset West Divi-

sions); their leaves are also larger, thicker and sometimes

glaucous, and the flowers more numerous per inflorescence

and larger. Similar forms occur on the Riebeek-Kasteei

Mountain (Malmesbury Division) and in the Gydo and Kar-

douw Passes (Ceres and Piketberg Divisions, respectively).

Large-sized shrubs up to 2 m tall occur in the mountains

from the Tulbagh Division through the mountains around

Du Toit’s Kloof as far east as Genadendal (Caledon Divi-

sion). In the Du Toit’s Kloof these differ from the low

forms first mentioned, and grow in more clayey soil.

Though connected by intermediates (in other regions) they

may deserve distinction here.

70. Aspalathuselliptica(PM/.)DaWg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1): 277, 207 (1963);

ibid. 22: 96 (1968). Type: Cape, Vogelgat, Ca-

ledon Division, Schlechter 9547 (K, P, PR, S,

isotypes; holotype?).

Borbonia elliptica Phill. in S. Afr. J. Sci. 16: 409 (1920).

B. latifolia Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 2: 462

(1843); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 29 (1862); Phill. in S. Afr. J.

Sci. 16: 406 (1920). Type: Cape, Nieuwe Kloof, Houw

Hoek Mountains, Caledon Division, Burchell 8087 (K,

lecto. !; P). Although older, this epithet cannot be combined

under Aspalathus ; it would become a later homonym of A.

latifolia H. Bol., a different species with trifoliolate leaves.

An erect shrub 0,8-2 m tall, rather similar

to A. crenata (no. 69). Mainly the distinguish-

ing characters are mentioned here. Wings of

branches prominent, up to more than 1 mm

broad. Leaves elliptic or circular, 20-40 x

8- 30 (-38) mm, semi-amplexicaul, obtuse to

acute, rarely mucronulate (but not with a sharp

apical spinelet), relatively thin and weak (i.e.

less stiff and rigid than in A. crenata ), with

9- 11 prominent longitudinal veins. Inflores-

cences dense, umbel-like racemes with 8-35

rather small flowers. Bract subulate, 0,2-1

mm long (rarely filiform and up to 3,5 mm

long), with sparse hairs. Pedicel 3,5-7 mm

long. Bracteoles 0,l-0,6( — 1,1) mm long. Ca-

lyx campanulate, glabrous; lobes narrowly

triangular, 2,5 —4( —4,8) mm long, acute-acu-

minate. Petals yellow. Standard blade 7, 3-9, 2

x 6-9 mm, short-sericeous on distal half of the

back. Wing blades 6,5-8 x 2-3,2 mm. Keel

blades 4, 6-5, 4 X 2, 5-3, 5 mm. Ovules 2-4.

Pod rhombic-lanceolate, 15-25 x 5-7 mm.

Figure 32: 17—23.

Distributed on mountains of the Stellenbosch, Paarl

and Somerset West Divisions and in the westernmost parts

of the Caledon Division. The habitat is steep, often rocky

and moist slopes in fynbos vegetation. According to Ester-

huysen (labels), it grows on clayey ground associated with

granite rocks. Map 34.

Vouchers: Barnard 108; Burchell 8087; Esterhuysen

11960, 12518, 14358, 15233, 17660; Marloth 8887;

Schlechter 9547: Stokoe 1301, 1382.

Differing from A. crenata (no. 69), especially in the

elliptic or oval, softer, apically less pointed leaves.

Crotalarieae

3,6: 117

Group 8: Filicaules

Shrublets, ascending-erect, rarely decumbent, sparingly branched. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets

subterete to slightly flattened, weak, acute, non-pungent, puberulous, glabrescent or subglabrous.

Leaf base tubercle distinct to prominent, but not developed as spur or spine. Inflorescence system

variable: either one terminal group (head) of 1 -3 flowers, or several to numerous, 1-flowered, on

lateral short-shoots, and then a leafy branch end, or a combination of these, with both terminal

flower(s) and lateral unifloral short-shoots. Flowers similar in details to those in the Pedunculares

(group 6) and Lebeckiiformes (group 5). Bract simple, rather minute, subulate or tooth-like,

situated on the leaf base, not accreted to pedicel base. Pedicel distinct, sometimes rather long (to

3,5 mm). Bracteoles similar to the bract. Calyx non-fleshy, campanulate, pubescent; lobes triangu-

lar-subulate, non-spiny, upper slightly broader than lower. Petals yellow or standard partly pur-

plish. Standard obovate-circular, pubescent on the back; base of front without callosities; apical

cusp lacking. Wing blades elongate, glabrous, with some rows of minute folds on basal parts. Keel

blades lunate to slightly rostrate, obtuse to nearly pointed, glabrous, with distinct basal pouch.

Pistil with elongate, linear ovary pubescent on upper side; ovules 16—20; stigma regular, capitate.

Pod linear, 8—10 times as long as broad, with 4—8 seeds. Chromosome number : 2 n = 18.

71. Aspalathus filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh.,

Enum. 2: 204 (1836); Benth. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 7: 619 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 123

(1862); H. Bol. & Wolley-Dod in Trans. S.

Afr. phil. Soc. 14 (3): 253 (1903); Adamson &

Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 481 (1950); Dahlg. in

Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1): 129 (1963); ibid.

10 (1): 102 (1965). Type: Cape, ‘Tulbagh prope

Waterfall’, Ecklon & Zexher 1395 (S, lecto.!;

G, K,L,M, SAM, W).

Paraspalathus filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Presl. Bot. Be-

merk. 560 (1845). Aclnronia filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 ( 1891) and 3 (2): 48 (1898).

Aspalathus angustissima E. Mey., Comm. 1: 44 (1836);

Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 598 (1848); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2; 104 (1862). Achyronia angustissima (E. Mey.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Type: Cape, Draaken-

steensbergen’, Drege (P, lecto. !).

Shrublet 0,2— 0,4 (—0,7) m tall, with slen-

der branches. Young branches sericeous or pu-

berulous. Leaflets linear, 5—10 (—15) mm

long, straight or slightly curved. Flowers either

1—3 close together on branch ends, or solitary

in centre of short-shoots developed in leaf axils,

or rarely a combination thereof, often several

along the branchlets, each on a short-shoot.

Bract and bracteoles 0,5 -2,5 mm and 0,2- 1 ,3

mm long, respectively. Pedicel 1,5-3, 5 mm

long, sericeous. Calyx short-sericeous; lobes

subulate, 2-4 mm long, weak. Petals yellow,

or standard back ± purplish. Standard blade

5,7-8 x 5, 5-7, 5 mm, short-sericeous on the

back. Wing blades 6-8 x 2, 3-3, 3 mm. Keel

blades 6-7 X 3, 3-4, 2 mm. Pod 23-30 X

2, 6-3, 2 mm, sparsely hairy on upper parts.

Figure 33.

Distributed from the Cape Peninsula through the west-

ern Divisions (Caledon, Paarl, Worcester, Tulbagh, Ceres,

Piketberg and Clanwilliam) as far north as the northern end

of the Cederberg Mountains. The species grows on sand,

usually weathered from Table Mountain Sandstone, in low

fynbos communities, often where there is a rich water sup-

ply. Map 35.

Vouchers: Bolus 7903, Herb. Norm. Austr. Afr. 1131;

Compton 6202; Dahlgren & Peterson, 1111, 1115;

Esterhuysen 19774; Schlechter 10704.

There is great variation in the distribution of the flow-

ers: sometimes they are restricted, 1-3 on the branch ends,

but more often they are solitary on lateral brachyblasts,

situated in a spike-like way on the slender branches, with or

without a leafy end.

The appearance of the flowers resembles that of A.

bracteata (no. 53) and related species, that of subgenus

Nortieria and of other species groups and may be basic in

the genus. The species is quite distinct by the numerous

ovules and linear pods.

3,6: 118

Crotalarieae

FIGURE 33. Aspalathus filicaulis. — 1, 8-10, 11: branches with floriferous short-shoots and/or terminal flowers; 2,

12: bracts; 3, 13: bracteoles (prophylls); 4: standard, front and side views; 5, 14: wing petals; 6, 15: keel petals; 7, 16:

pistils; 8: fruit. — 1-8 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1751 (Cape Flats); 9, 10 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1115 (Worcester

Distr. ): 11-16 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1111 (Ceres Distr. ). — (1, 8-11 x2; 2-7, 12-16 X4.)

Crotalarieae

3,6: 119

Maps 35-38. — Map 35. Aspalathus filicaulis (unbroken line). — Map 36. A. macrantha (unbroken line; 3 regions);

A. desertorum (rhomboids); A. rycroftii (triangle); A. calcarata (squares). — Map 37. A. uniflora (unbroken line);

A. willdenowiana (dots and squares; eastern forms with white -rose-coloured flowers: squares). — Map 38. A. pinea

subsp. pinea (rhomboids); A. pinea subsp. caudata (squares); A. macrocarpa (asterisk); A. rostrata (triangle).

Crotalarieae

3,6: 120

FIGURE 34. Aspalathus macrantha (1-7); A. calcarata (8-18). — 1: branch end with inflorescence; 2, 17: fruits; 3:

bracteole (prophyll); 4: base of standard, front view; 5, 14: wing petals; 6, IS: keel petals; 7, 16: pistils; 8: branch with

unifloral short-shoots; 9: long-shoot leaf with prominent leaf base spur; 10: short-shoot; 11: bract; 12: calyx; 13: standard,

front view; 18: flower (bract removed). — 1, 3-7 from Dahlgren & Peterson 627 \ 2 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1206\

8—16, 18 from Salter 4 14 /; 17 from Pappe 244. — (1,2, 5-8 x2;3,4,9-18 x4.)

Crotalarieae

3,6: 121

Group 9: Rostratae

Generally medium-sized or tall, rarely rather small shrubs, often with spreading branches

which may end as thorns (e.g. A. rostrata (no. 80) and A. desertorum — no. 73); young branches

pubescent, in some species glabrescent. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets subterete or somewhat angular

or flat, linear to subulate or subfiliform, glabrous or puberulous to grey-sericeous, usually acute to

acuminate or apiculate, but not spine-tipped. Leaf base often produced into a (simple) woody spur

or spine, but in some species merely tubercular. Inflorescences generally unifloral and situated on

lateral short-shoots; thus distributed along sometimes long distances of the branches; only in

A. macrantha (no. 72) terminal and (1 -) 2-3 (-4), radiating from the branch apex. Flowers large

or medium-sized, small in A. calcarata (no. 77). Bract situated at the pedicel base, simple, linear

or subulate. Bracteoles similar to the bract, minute in A. calcarata. Pedicel distinct to a few mm

long. Calyx campanulate, usually pubescent, glabrous in A. uniflora (no. 76); lobes triangular to

subulate or linear, not spine-tipped. Petals yellow or white and partly rose-coloured (forms of

A. willdenowiana — no. 75) or dark red (A. calcarata); wing and keel claws free from the staminal

sheath. Standard circular, pubescent on the back, often provided with disc-shaped or elongate,

glabrous or pubescent callosities at the base of the front side. Wing blades obovate-oblong, gla-

brous or rarely partly pubescent, with several rows of minute folds on the basal half. Keel rostrate,

stiff, glabrous, obtuse or subacute, with indistinct basal puckering or none. Anthers often very

unequal in size. Pistil short- stipitate; ovary elongate, at least partly pubescent; ovules 2-20; style

S-curved; stigma regular or forwardly directed. Pod very variable in size and shape. Chromosome

number: In = 14 or 16 (counted for several species), but 2n= 18 in A. macrocarpa (no. 79).

72. Aspalathus macrantha Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 124 (1862); H. Bol. & Wolley-Dod in

Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 14 (3): 253 (1903);

Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 478

(1950); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 10

(1): 76 (1965); in Flower. PI. Afr. 38: t. 1481

(1967). Type: Cape, ‘Hottentotshollandsberge’,

Ecklon & Zeyher 1483 (K, lecto.!; SAM, S).

Achyronia macrantha (Harv.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157

(1891).

The name Aspalathus pinea Thunb. was incorrectly ap-

plied to this species by Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7:

631 (1848), and, perhaps, also by E. Mey., Comm. 1: 50

(1836) and Walp. in Linnaea 13: 487 (1839).

An erect, much branched shrub or a small

tree, 2-4 m tall or more. Young branches

slender, tomentose-sericeous. Leaflets linear-

filiform, slender, subterete, 7-16 mm long,

acute, with sparse, spreading short hairs. Leaf

bases of long-shoot leaves developed as a blunt

spur less than 1 mm long. Flowers solitary or 2

or 3(4), situated close together on branch tips;

large. Bract and bracteoles filiform-subulate, c.

5-6 mm long. Pedicel 2—3 mm long, white-

sericeous. Calyx tube sericeous, lobes triangu-

lar with subulate tip, 3-4 mm long, green and

subglabrous on apical parts. Petals bright yel-

low or with reddish shades. Standard ovate,

17-18 x 15-16 mm, pointed, short-sericeous

on the back, the inner margins basally thick-

ened and densely pubescent. Wing blades ellip-

tic, 12-13 x c. 7 mm, glabrous. Keel blades c.

17 mm long and 6,5-7 mm broad at broadest

part, nearly pointed. Pistil: ovary sericeous;

ovules 4-6; style slender, glabrous; stigma

slightly forwardly directed. Pod lanceolate, c.

20 x 5,5 mm, slightly upcurved near apex,

black. Chromosome number: 2n=l6. Figure

34: 1-7.

Reported only from the northern parts of the Cape

Peninsula and the Hottentots Holland Mountains (Somerset

West Division). A. macrantha grows in sandy soil covered

with humus in a tall fynbos community. It is becoming rare

in the Wynberg Hill area, and is probably extinct in most of

the other localities. Needs to be protected, but is favoured

by burning in unstable communities. Map 36.

Vouchers: Bolus 3816; Compton 23674; Dahlgren &

Peterson 627 , 639; Salter 2826A; Wolley-Dod 3417.

A very distinct species obviously related to A. unijlora

(no. 76), A. pinea (no. 78) and A. desertorum (no. 73).

73. Aspalathus desertorum H. Bol. in J.

Bot. 34: 210 (1896); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc.

bot. Lund 9 (2): 110 (1963); ibid. 10 (1): 73

(1965). Type: Cape, Karroo Poort, Ceres Divi-

sion, Bolus 2608 (BOL, holo. !; K).

3,6: 122

Crotalarieae

Figure 35. Aspalathus rycroftii (1-11); A. desertorum (12-22). — 1, 12: branchlets with inflorescences; 2: leaf of

long-shoot; 3: leaf of short-shoot; 4: flower; 5, 14, 15: bracts; 6, 16: bracteoles (prophylls); 7: standard, front view; 8, 18:

wing petals; 9, 19: keel petals; 10, 20: pistils; 11, 22: fruits; 13: long-shoot leaf with axillary short-shoot; 17: calyx, upper

two lobes to the right; 21: staminal sheath. — 1-11 from Dahlgren & Strid 5005 ; 12-14 from Leipoldl 3208', 15-17 from

Esterhuysen 3932: 18 - 21 from Acocks 19895,22 from Dahlgren & Strid4125. — (1, 12 x2; 2-11, 14-22 x4; 13 x8.)

Crotalarieae

3,6: 123

A shrublet 0,7-1 m tall with spreading,

rigid, pale, frequently thorn-like branches.

Young branches short-tomentose. Long-shoot

leaves with a 0,5- 1,5 mm long, slightly re-

curved, woody spur or spine at the base. Leaf-

lets subfiliform, 1-3,5 mm long, weak, subte-

rete, obtuse-subacute, pale green, glabrous or

with few hairs. Inflorescence of 1-3 flower(s)

situated rather close together on the branch

ends. Bract similar to a leaflet of a foliar leaf,

filiform-subulate, 3, 5-4, 5 mm long, some-

times supported by a woody spur less than

1 mm long. Pedicel 1,5-2 mm long, tomen-

tose. Bracteoles subulate, 4-5 mm long. Calyx

campanulate, tomentose; lobes triangular or

narrowly triangular, 1,5-2 mm long, green,

often ± recurved, upper deltoid, broader than

the lower. Petals light or pale yellow, standard

back sometimes ± purplish. Standard blade el-

liptic-ovate, 7,8 — 9( — 10) x 6,2— 8(— 8,5) mm,

tomentose on the back. Wing blades 6-8 x

2, 5-3, 5 mm, glabrous. Keel blades subros-

trate, 8, 2-9, 5 x 3-3,6 mm. Pistil: ovary

tomentose; ovules 4-6; style glabrous; stigma

regular, capitate. Pods not seen. Figure 35:

12-22.

Restricted to mountains in the Ceres Division, where it

grows near Gydo Pass, on the Bokkeveld Tafelberg and at

Karoo Poort, etc. The species grows on compact clay

weathered from shales, in a fynbos-renosterbos community.

Map 36.

Vouchers: Bolus 2608; Compton 10076; Dahlgren &

Strid 3985, 3993, 4125; Esterhuysen 3906, 3932; Leipoldt

3208.

A very distinctive species. In the leaf base spurs it

resembles A. rycroftii (no. 74), which is distinct by its

marginate calyx lobes, its small bracts and bracteoles, the

absence of upper-basal lobes of the keel petals, and its

forwardly directed stigma.

74. Aspalathus rycroftii Dahlg. in Bot.

Notiser 120: 32 (1967); in Flower. PI. Afr. 40:

t. 1571 (1969-70). Type: Cape, south-west of

Malmesbury, Malmesbury Division, Dahlgren

& Strid 4973 (NBG, holo. !; BOL, LD, PRE,

STE).

A low shrublet with decumbent, stiff,

rigid, up to 0,6 m long branches. Young

branches with sparse, short, appressed pubes-

cence. Long-shoot leaves subtended by a

woody base extended into a more than 2 mm

long, glabrous, recurved, woody spur or spine.

Leaflets linear-subulate, 1-3 mm long and c.

0,5 mm thick, subterete, acute, glabrous.

Flowers solitary at the ends of short lateral

branches. Bract and bracteoles oblong or lin-

ear- subulate, 1-2,5 mm long, partly puberu-

lous. Pedicel 1,5-2, 5 mm long, short-seri-

ceous. Calyx infundibular-campanulate, sparse-

ly short-sericeous; lobes narrowly triangular,

2, 3-3, 5 mm long, acute, with green, thickened

margins. Petals yellow or partly purple- shaded.

Standard blade elliptic, 11-12,3 x 8-9,5

mm, with acute, slightly incurved apex, seri-

ceous on the back. Wing blades oblong-elliptic,

7-8,7 x 3-4,2 mm, glabrous. Keel blades

somewhat rostrate, 9,2-10,2 x 3,2-4 mm.

Pistil: ovary sericeous on most parts; ovules

6-8; style glabrous, slender; stigma elongate,

forwardly directed. Pod broadly lanceolate,

11 — 13 x 4-5 mm, rather terete, brown when

ripe. Figure 35: 1 — 11.

Restricted to patches of fynbos-renosterbos transitional

vegetation in the clayey, mostly cultivated regions near

Malmesbury, Malmesbury Division. Rare and threatened

by plantations, but probably overlooked owing to the

unusual flowering time (February-March). Map 36.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Strid 4973, 5005, 5006.

The affinities of this species are somewhat uncertain,

but lie perhaps closest to A. desertorum (no. 73), A.

macrantha (no. 72) and A. uniflora (no. 76).

75. Aspalathus willdenowiana Benth. in

Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 630 (1848); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 124 (1862); H. Bol. & Wolley-Dod in

Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 14 (3): 253 (1903);

Adamson & Salter, FI. Cape Penins. 478 (1950;

as syn. under A. leptophylla Eckl. & Zeyh.).

Type: Cape, ‘Puspasvalley’, Caledon Division,

Ecklon & Zeyher 1481 (K, lecto. ! ; G, L, M, S,

SAM).

Achyronia willdenowiana (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:

158 (1891). Aspalathus uniflora L. subsp. willdenowiana

(Benth.) Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 293

(1963); ibid. 10 (1): 88 (1965). Reconsideration of the

population structure indicates that A. uniflora (no. 76) and

A. willdenowiana are distinct enough for specific distinc-

tion. [Thunberg (1800, etc.) treated the latter under the

name A. uniflora.]

'Aspalathus verrucosa' auct. non L. in Willd. , Sp. PI. 3

(2): 953 (1802); DC., Prodr. 2: 138 (1925); E. Mey.,

Comm. 1: 50 (1836); Walp. in Linnaea 13: 486 (1839); etc.

‘A. hystri.x' auct. non L. f., in Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 219

(1836). This explains why Presl in Bot. Bemerk. 558

( 1 845), treated this as Streptosema hystri.x (L. f. ) Presl.

3,6: 124

Crotalarieae

R3 S2SS-

Crotalarieae

3,6: 125

Erect shrub 1 ,5— 3(— 3,5) m tall, much

branched, with weak, ascending, sericeous

branches, not thorny. Leaflets linear- filiform,

pinoid, 6—20 mm long, slender, non-pungent,

straight or almost so, pointed, weak, the young

pubescent, glabrescent. Leaf bases shield-like,

protracted into a 2— 4 mm long, woody spur or

spine. Flowers solitary on lateral short-shoots,

distributed several together along the branches.

Bract and bracteoles subulate, 6-8 and 4-6

mm long, respectively. Pedicel 3-5 mm long,

sericeous. Calyx sericeous, with linear-

subulate, weak lobes 4-6 mm long. Petals

either light yellow or white to rose-coloured.

Stan dar d blade 11,5 — 15,5 x 12-15 mm, seri-

ceous or tomentose on the back; front basally

with two disc-shaped, glabrous callosities.

Wing blades obovate-elliptic, 7-9 X 3, 3-5,4

mm, glabrous. Keel blades 9-11,5 mm long,

3, 5-4, 5 mm broad, subacute. Pistil : ovary and

style base sericeous; ovules 3-7; style curved;

stigma elongate, forwardly directed. Pod

narrowly ovate, in some forms rostrate, 11-15

x 4—6,5 mm, often dark, pubescent. Chromo-

some number: 2n=\6. Figure 36: 9— 19.

Distribution southern, from the Cape Peninsula to the

Riversdale and Mossel Bay Divisions through the Stellen-

bosch, Paarl, Caledon, Robertson and Swellendam Divi-

sions. They grow on sandy soil, often on steep, semi-shaded

slopes with fairly rich water supply, in fynbos. Map 37.

There is great variation in this species. The forms in

the western and central parts of the distribution area are

rather dense, with ascending branches, yellow flowers, and

narrowly ovate pods. These include the type collection.

Vouchers: Bolus 1133; Dahlgren & Peterson 1210,

1211; Galpin 9949; Parker 4436; Salter 7039.

The eastern forms, in the Swellendam and Riversdale

Divisions (e.g. the Tradouw and Garcia Passes), are rather

distinct. They form up to 4 m tall trees, sometimes with

slender, pendulous branches, white and partly pink petals,

and rostrate, apically upcurved, rather narrow pods.

Vouchers: Bolus 11254; F. Bolus, BOL 7363; Dahl-

gren & Strid 2572, 2663, 3952; Muir 79, 2933.

This species is closest to A. uniflora (no. 76) and A.

pinea (no. 78).

76. Aspalathus uniflora L., Sp. PI. 712

(1753); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1):

125 (1963); ibid. 10 (1): 84 (1965). Type: 'A.

uniflora', Dahl scripsit, Herb. Linnaeus (S,

lecto. !).

The species has generally not been known under this

name but ‘Aspalathus uniflora L.’ has usually incorrectly

been used for Aspalathus cymbiformis DC. (no. 89).

Achyronia uniflora (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157(1891).

Aspalathus leptophylla Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 2: 219

(1836); Benth. in Hooker, Lond. J. Bot. 7: 631 (1848);

Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 124 (1862); Schlechter in Zahlbruckner,

Annin naturh. Mus. Wien 20: 20 (1905); Adams. & Salter,

FI. Cape Penins. 478 (1950). Achyronia leptophylla (Eckl.

& Zeyh.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157 (1891). Type: Cape,

‘Tulbaghskloof , Ecklon & Zevher 1482 (S, lecto.!; G, L,

M, P, SAM, W).

Erect, spreading shrubs 1-2 (-2,5) m

tall, with rigid, straight branches. Young

branches yellowish or reddish, glabrous or (on

apical parts) sparsely sericeous; branch ends

sometimes almost thorn-like. Leaflets 6-20

mm long, shorter and less hairy than in A.

willdenowiana (no. 75), but leaf bases similar

to those in that species. Bracts and bracteoles

subulate, 5-7 mm and 4—5 mm long, respec-

tively. Pedicel 1,5-3 mm long. Calyx tube

glabrous or with few hairs; lobes narrowly

triangular (apices almost subulate), 3-4,5 mm

long, glabrous. Petals bright yellow or standard

back ± red. Standard blade 12,5 — 14 x

12,5-14 mm, short-sericeous on the back; the

front as in A. willdenowiana basally with disc-

shaped callosities. Wing blades 10—11 x

4-5,5 mm, glabrous. Keel similar to that in A.

willdenowiana, 9,5-10,5 mm long, 3,5-4

mm broad. Pistil as in A. willdenowiana ; ovules

4. Pod lanceolate-ovate, 15-18 x c. 6 mm,

almost straight (not upcurved apically). Chro-

mosome number: 2/7= 14. Figure 36: 1 — 8.

Distributed in the lowlands from the Cape Peninsula

(Lion’s Rump) through the Stellenbosch, Paarl, Worcester,

Malmesbury, Tulbagh, Ceres and Piketberg Divisions up to

the Clanwilliam Division. It grows on ± clayey flats or on

low mountain slopes and is locally dominant. Map 37.

FIGURE 36. Aspalathus uniflora (1-8); A. willdenowiana (9-19). — 1, 12: parts of branches with unifloral short-

shoots; 2: bract; 3, 13: bracteoles (prophylls); 4: standard, front view; 5, 14: wing petals; 6, 15: keel petals; 7, 16: pistils; 8,

17-19: fruits; 9: short-shoot showing leaf base of long-shoot leaf (lslb) and leaves of short-shoot, each with ± prominent

leaf base (sslb); 10: younger stage showing same; 11: leaf of short-shoot. — 1-7 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1738 ; 8 from

Dahlgren & Peterson 662 ; 9-11 from Dahlgren & Peterson 621 ; 12-16 from Dahlgren & Peterson 623; 17 from

Dahlgren & Peterson 1211 (Cape Peninsula); 18 from Esterhuysen 22700 (Robertson Distr.); 19 from Muir 2933

(Riversdale Distr.). — (1 x 1,6; 2, 3 x4; 4-8, 12-19 x 2; 9-11 x4.)

3,6: 126

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

3,6: 127

Vouchers: Bolus 2769; Compton 14193; Esterhuysen

22234; Salter 1777, 6408; Schlechter 7456.

In most regions A. uniflora seems distinct from A.

willdenowiana (no. 75), but forms in the Clanwilliam Divi-

sion deviate in having a sericeous calyx and sericeous pu-

bescence on young leaves and branch ends and thus resem-

ble A. willdenowiana. As they occur far from the area of

this species they are not likely to be the result of hybridiza-

tion or introgression.

77. Aspalathus calcarata Harv., FI. Cap.

2: 116 (1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot.

Lund 9 (1): 123 (1963); ibid. 10 (1): 70 (1965).

Type: Cape, Swellendam, Pappe (TCD,

lecto.!; BM, GRA, K, S, SAM).

Achyronia calcarata (Harv.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 157

(1891).

An ascending or decumbent shrublet,

0,15-0,4 m tall, with spreading branches, red-

dish and short-sericeous on the young parts.

Leaves of long-shoots with a woody, tubercular

leaf base produced into a spreading spur or

spine up to 1 mm long or more. Leaflets linear,

terete, 2—9 mm long, very slightly curved,

acute, non-pungent, dull green, with sparse ad-

pressed hairs. Flowers small, solitary on short-

shoots, distributed in spike-like fashion on the

branch ends. Bracts and bracteoles small,

triangular-subulate, 0,3— 0,6 mm and 0,2-0, 3

mm long respectively. Pedicel 0,8- 1,3 mm

long, sericeous. Calyx sericeous; lobes linear-

subulate, 1,7— 2,7 mm long, acute, with scat-

tered adpressed hairs. Petals from yellow to

ferruginous or deep red; with short claws. Stand-

ard broadly ovate, 5,2-6 x 5,5-6 mm, short-

sericeous on the back; base of inside densely

tomentose. Wing blades rhombic-ovate, short,

1 ,4-2,2 x 1 ,2- 1 ,9 mm; glabrous except some

marginal pubescence on the base. Keel blades

rostrate, c. 4,5— 5,5 x 2,5—3 mm, glabrous

except basally on the margins and claw; with ±

distinct lateral puckering. Pistil: ovary seri-

ceous above and laterally, glabrous below;

ovules 2; stigma subcapitate or slightly for-

wardly directed. Pod triangular-lanceolate.

8-8,5 x 3, 2-3, 8 mm, with slightly upcurved

(beak-like) apex. Chromosome number:

2n=\6. Figure 34: 8-18.

Restricted to clayey flats and southern slopes in the

Riviersonderend and Langeberg Mountains in the Bredas-

•dorp, Caledon, Swellendam and Riversdale Divisions;

growing in fragments of fynbos-renosterbos transition.

Map 36.

Vouchers: Burchell 7274; Dahlgren & Strid 4560;

Hafstrom & Acocks 2150; Pappe 244; Salter 4141 ; Stokoe,

SAM 6 1762.

In spite of its small size, this species seems to approach

A. willdenowiana (no. 75) and other species of taller size. It

is quite distinctive.

78. Aspalathus pinea Thunb., Prodr. 2:

128 (1800); Diss. Bot. Aspalathus 21 (1802);

FI. Cap. edn 2: 582 (1823); Willd., Sp. PI. 961

(1802); DC., Prodr. 2: 141 (1825); Harv., FI.

Cap. 2: 123 (1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc.

bot. Lund 9 (1): 125 (1963); ibid. 10 (1): 92

(1965). Type: Cape, ‘Cap. b. spei . ’ Thunberg

(UPS, lecto.!).

Plagiostigma pinea (Thunb.) Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 557

(1845). Achyronia pinea (Thunb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:

157(1891). '

The name Aspalathus pinea has been used on A. macran-

tha in works of Benth., and probably also by E. Mey. and

Walp. (see p. 3,6: 121).

Erect or ascending, sparingly branched,

tail- or rod-like shrubs (0,2 — )0,4 — 1( — 2) m

tall, most laterals developed as short-shoots.

Young branches densely woolly-sericeous.

Leaflets linear-subulate, 4— 10( — 12) mm long,

straight, greyish green, acute, non-pungent,

sparsely sericeous. Leaf bases tubercle-like but

not produced into a spur or spine. Flowers soli-

tary on each short-shoot, distributed (in a spike-

like fashion) on branch ends below leafy branch

ends. Bracts and bracteoles subulate-filiform,

3,5-6 mm long. Pedicel 3-5 mm long. Calyx

sparsely sericeous or tomentose; lobes linear

(-filiform), 4-7 mm long, weak. Petals light

(lemon) yellow. Standard obovate, 7—10 x

8-11 mm, sericeous or partly woolly on the

back, provided with disc-like, glabrous callus

Figure 37. Aspalathus pinea subsp. pinea (1-7); A. pinea subsp. caudata (8-15). — 1, 15: branch end with

unifloral short-shoots; 2, 10: bracteoles (prophylls); 3, 11: standard petals; front view; 4, 12: wing petals; 5, 13: keel petals;

6, 14: pistils; 7: legume; 8: flower; 9: bract. — 1—6 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1141 ; 7 from Dahlgren & Peterson 1786\

8-14 from Esterhuysen 9604 ; 15 from Stokoe, SAM 61878. — (1,7, 15 X 2; 2-6, 8-14 x4.)

3,6: 128

Crotalarieae

Crotalarieae

on the base of the front. Wing blades elliptic,

7-9 x 3, 3 -5, 5 mm, glabrous or pubescent on

apical parts. Keel pointed, 7,2-9 mm long,

3,2-4 mm broad, pointed. Pistil : ovary and

style base pubescent; ovules 14-18; stigma

elongate, forwardly directed. Pod linear,

16-40 x 2,2-4 mm long, sparsely hairy;

seeds up to 10.

Distributed from the Stellenbosch region (Stellen-

boschberg, Jonkershoek) through the Paarl (Haalhoek

Sneeuwkop), Worcester (Haalhoek Sneeuwkop), Tulbagh

(Great Winterhoek) and Ceres Divisions to the Cederberg

Mountains, Clanwilliam Division. Growing in sand and

gravel of Table Mountain Sandstone, in fynbos scrub. Con-

spicuous by the erect, tail-like habit.

A. pinea is most similar to A. willdenowiana (no. 75)

and A. uniflora (no. 76), but also approaches A. macro-

carpa (no. 79).

Divisible into two subspecies according to

the following key:

Shrub 0,6-2 m; standard blade c. 9 mm long or more;

pod 30—40 mm long 78a. subsp. pinea

Shrublet less than 0,4 m; standard blade less than 9

mm long; pod c. 20 mm long or less

78b. subsp. caudata

78a. subsp. pinea.

Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 10 (1):

94(1965).

Erect shrub, 0,6—2 m tall, with greyish

foliage. Flowers relatively large within the

measurements given above; standard 9-10 x

9-11 mm; wing blades glabrous. Pod 30-40

mm long. Figure 37: 1-7.

Distributed on sandy and rocky slopes at 800- 1 000 m

altitude in the Tulbagh, Ceres and Clanwilliam Divisions

from Witzenberg and neighbouring mountains (e.g. the

Gydo Pass) through Great Winterhoek to the Cederberg

Mountains (east of Grey's Pass). Map 38.

Vouchers: Compton 12490 ; Dahlgren & Peterson

1141, 1181, 1786; Dahlgren & Strid 3238, 4450 ; Phillips

1179.

78b. subsp. caudata Dahlg. in Op. bot.

Soc. bot. Lund 9 (1): 286 (1963); ibid. 10 (1):

95 (1965). Type: Cape, Haalhoek Sneeuwkop,

3,6: 129

Paarl Division, Esterhuysen 9602 (BOL,

holo.!).

Erect or ascending shrublet, 0,2-0, 4 m

tall, habit approaching forms of A. fdicaulis

(no. 71). Foliage somewhat greener than in

subsp. pinea. Bracts and bracteoles 3,5-6 mm

long. Calyx lobes 4-5,5 (-7) mm long. Stand-

ard blade 7,5—9 x 7,5-11 mm; wing blades

7—8,5 x 3, 5-5, 5 mm, sometimes pubescent

on apical part; keel blades 7-9 mm long. Pod

c. 20 mm long. Figure 37: 8-15.

Restricted to mountains in the Stellenbosch, Paarl and

Worcester Divisions, growing at moderate or rather high

altitudes, up to 1 200 m. Map 38.

Vouchers: Dahlgren & Strid 4089; Esterhuysen 9602;

Rehm, Stellenboschberg; Stokoe, SAM 61878.

Approaching A. filicaulis (no. 71) in size and habit,

but a close relationship to this is doubtful.

79. Aspalathus macrocarpa Eckl. &

Zeyh., Enum. 2: 203; Benth. in Hooker, Lond.

J. Bot. 7: 630 (1848); Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 123

(1862); Dahlg. in Op. bot. Soc. bot. Lund 9(1):

96 (1965); in Bot. Notiser 120: 34 (1967).

Type: Cape, ‘Wagenmakersbosch’, Swellen-

dam, Ecklon & Zeyher 1392 (S, lecto. ! ; K,

SAM).

An erect, lanky, up to 2 m tall, sparingly

branched shrub with few lateral branches or

none; upper parts of branches long-tomentose

to sericeous. Leaves of long-shoots subtended

by a woody, yellow, obtuse, glabrous leaf base

spur 1 -2 mm long. Leaflets linear, 5— 12(— 16)

mm long, slender, weak, bright green, acute,

glabrous or usually sparsely and patently pu-

berulous. Flowers solitary, on lateral short-

shoots, distributed along long distances of the

shrub. Bract linear, 2-4,5 mm long, and c. 0,4

mm broad, weak, sericeous. Pedicel 2,3-3

mm long, sericeous. Bracteoles 2-4,5 mm

long. Calyx tube sparsely sericeous; lobes nar-

rowly triangular (-subulate), upper 1,5-2, 7

FIGURE 38. Aspalathus macrocarpa (1-9); A. rostrata (10-19). — 1, 10: parts of branches with unifloral short-

shoots; 2: flower; 3: standard, front view; 4, 16: wing petals; 5, 17: keel petals; 6: long anther; 7: short anther; 8, 19: pistils;

9: fruit; 11: short lateral branch (leaf bases bluntly spurred); 12: bract; 13: bracteole; 14: calyx; 15: standard, back view; 18:

staminal sheath with pistil enclosed. — 1-8 from Dahlgren <4 Strid 3462; 9 from Ecklon & Zeyher 1392 ; 10, 11, 14-19

from Compton 18410; 12-13 from Walgate BOL 23851. — (1, 9, 14-17 x2; 2-5, 8, 11-13, 18, 19 x4; 6. 7 x8; 10

XI, 2.)

3,6: 130

CROTALARffiAE

mm long, lowest 1,8-3, 3 mm long, acumi-

nate, weak, sparsely sericeous. Petals yellow.

Standard blade elliptic, 12-14 x 8-11 mm,

sericeous on the back, apically acute-acuminate

and incurved, basally without distinct cal-

losities. Wing blades 9,5—10,5 x 3,2— 4,8

mm, glabrous. Keel blades distinctly rostrate,