FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

VOLUME 21

B88I8J! \ 84 1 8$ ' j 5 ) 1 ; $ ; '.'a j ■■ i ) j 9 ] i i • ! w i l K ; ; ^ - i i < |! j ' ) ! ' '

It' o }* 1% « I StJ P i <' hi*: w 0 j Js h' / '!}< I')' H

Editor 0. A. Leistner

Part 1 Tiliaceae

by H. Wild

Botanical Research Institute

Department of Agriculture

Republic of South Africa

FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

All contributions should be compiled in accordance with the Guide to Contributors to the Flora of Southern Africa

(Compiled by Ross, Leistner & De Winter) which is available from the Librarian, Botanical Research Institute, Private

Bag X101, Pretoria 0001.

Cryptogam volumes will in future not be numbered but will be known by the name of the group they cover. The

number assigned to the volume on Characeae therefore becomes redundant.

Alien families are marked with an asterisk.

Published volumes and parts are shown in italics.

Please note that local prices as given below do not include GST.

INTRODUCTORY VOLUMES

The genera of Southern African flowering plants

Vol. 1: Dicotyledons (Published 1975). Price: R11,00. Overseas: R14,00. Post free

Vol. 2: Monocotyledons (Published 1976). Price: R8.00. Overseas: RIO, 00. Post free

Botanical exploration of Southern Africa (Published 1981): Price: R40,00 (Obtainable from booksellers)

CRYPTOGAM VOLUMES

Charophyta (Published as Vol. 9 in 1978). Price: R4,25. Overseas: R5,30. Post free

Bryophyta:

Part 1: Mosses: Fascicle 1: Sphagnaceae - Grimmiaceae (Published 1981). Price R24,33. GST R0,97,

Total R25,30.

Overseas: R30,40. Post free

Fascicle 2: Gigaspermaceae - Bartramiaceae

Fascicle 3: Erpodiaceae - Hookeriaceae

Fascicle 4: Fabroniaceae - Polytrichaceae

Pteridophyta

FLOWERING PLANTS VOLUMES

Vol. 1: Stangeriaceae, Zamiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae*, Cupressaceae, Welwitschiaceae, Typhaceae, Zosteraceae,

Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Zannichelliaceae, Najadaceae, Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Alismata-

ceae, Hydrocharitaceae (Published 1966). Price: Rl,75. Overseas: R2,20. Post free

Vol. 2: Poaceae

Vol. 3: Cyperaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Lemnaceae, Flagellariaceae

Vol. 4: Restionaceae, Mayacaceae, Xyridaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Commelinaceae, Pontederiaceae, Juncaceae

Vol. 5: Liliaceae, Agavaceae

Vol. 6: Haemodoraceae, Amaryllidaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Tecophilaeaceae, Velloziaceae, Dioscoreaceae

Vol. 7: Iridaceae: Part 1: Nivenioideae, Iridoideae

Part 2: Ixioideae: Fascicle 1

Fascicle 2 : Syringodea, Romulea (Published 1983).

Price: R3,96. Overseas: R5,00.

Post free

Vol. 8: Musaceae, Strelitziaceae, Zingiberaceae, Cannaceae*, Burmanniaceae, Orchidaceae

Vol. 9: Casuarinaceae*, Piperaceae, Salicaceae, Myricaceae, Fagaceae*, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Cannabaceae*, Urtica-

ceae, Proteaceae

(Continued on inside of back cover)

PRICE OF THIS FASCICLE: Verkoopprys plus AVB:

Selling price plus GST:

Plaaslik/Local R4,30

Buitelands/Other countries .. . R5,00

Posvry/Post Free

Printed by CTP Book Printers, Cape for the Government Printer and obtainable from the Division of Agricultural

Information, Department of Agriculture. Private Bag X144, Pretoria 0001.

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

DEPARTEMENT VAN LANDBOU

FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

VOLUME 21

PARTI

ISBN 0 621 08256 2

G.P.-S

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2016

https://archive.org/details/floraofsoutherna211unse

FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

which deals with the territories of

SOUTH AFRICA, CISKEI, TRANSKEI, LESOTHO, SWAZILAND, BOPHUTHA-

TSWANA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA/NAMIBIA, BOTSWANA AND VENDA

VOLUME 21

PART 1 TILIACEAE

by

H. Wild

Edited by

O.A. Leistner

Editorial Committee: B. de Winter, D. J. B. Killick and O. A. Leistner

Botanical Research Institute,

Department of Agriculture

1984

CONTENTS

Introduction

Plan of Flora of Southern Africa

TILIACEAE

Grewia

Triumfetta

Sparrmannia

Corchorus

Index

Page

vii

viii

1:1

1:1

1:20

1:29

1:32

1:43

INTRODUCTION

The Flora of Southern Africa is arranged on the lines of the Engler system. Sequence and

numbering of genera are as far as possible in agreement with De Dalla Torre & Harms

(Genera Siphonogamarum, 1900-1907). Keys to families are provided in R. A. Dyer’s Genera

of Southern African Plants.

This part was compiled in accordance with a Guide to Contributors to the Flora of South-

ern Africa (Ross, Leistner & De Winter, 1977), which is available from the Librarian, Botan-

ical Research Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001.

The following condensed abbreviations for literature references are used:

Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. . . Manual of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Trans-

vaal and Swaziland, Vol. 1 (1926) and Vol. 2 (1932).

C.F. A Conspectus Florae Angolensis

F.C Flora Capensis

F.C.B Flore du Congo et du Rwanda-Burundi

F.M Flora de Mozambique

F.S.W.A Prodromus einer Flora von Siidwestafrika

F.T. A Flora of Tropical Africa

F.T.E. A Flora of Tropical East Africa

F.W.T. A Flora of West Tropical Africa

F.Z Flora Zambeziaca

R. A. Dyer, Gen The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants by

R.A. Dyer, Vol. 1 (1975) and Vol. 2 (1976).

Cited voucher specimens are all housed in PRE (National Herbarium, Pretoria).

Vol. 21 of the Flora, of which the present publication is a component, will appear in parts

(see p. ix). The number of the part, namely 1, precedes the page number on all pages marked

with Arabic numerals. This was done with a view to binding the entire volume, once com-

pleted, and to compiling a combined index to all its component parts. When binding the entire

volume the pages marked with Roman numerals may be omitted.

vii

PLAN OF FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

Cryptogam volumes will in future not be numbered but will be known by the name of the group they cover. The

number assigned to the volume on Characeae therefore becomes redundant.

Alien families are marked with an asterisk.

Published volumes and parts are shown in italics.

Please note that local prices as given below do not include GST.

INTRODUCTORY VOLUMES

The genera of Southern African flowering plants

Vol. 1: Dicotyledons (Published 1975). Price: R11.00. Overseas: R14,00. Post free

Vol. 2: Monocotyledons (Published 1976). Price: R8,00. Overseas: RIO, 00. Post free

Botanical exploration of Southern Africa (Published 1981): Price: R40,00 (Obtainable from booksellers)

CRYPTOGAM VOLUMES

Charophyta (Published as Vol. 9 in 1978). Price: R4,25. Overseas: R5,30. Post free

Bryophyta:

Part 1: Mosses: Fascicle 1: Sphagnaceae - Grimmiaceae (Published 1981). Price R24,33. GST R0,97,

Total R25,30.

Overseas: R30.40. Post free

Fascicle 2: Gigaspermaceae - Bartramiaceae

Fascicle 3: Erpodiaceae - Hookeriaceae

Fascicle 4: Fabroniaceae - Polytrichaceae

Part 2: Hepatophyta, Anthocerotophyta

Pteridophyta

FLOWERING PLANTS VOLUMES

Vol. 1: Stangeriaceae, Zamiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae*, Cupressaceae, Welwitschiaceae, Typhaceae, Zosteraceae,

Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Zannichelliaceae, Najadaceae, Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Alismata-

ceae, Hydrocharitaceae (Published 1966). Price: Rl,75. Overseas: R2,20. Post free

Vol. 2: Poaceae

Vol. 3: Cyperaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Lemnaceae, Flagellariaceae

Vol. 4: Restionaceae, Mayacaceae, Xyridaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Commelinaceae, Pontederiaceae, Juncaceae

Vol. 5: Liliaceae, Agavaceae

Vol. 6: Haemodoraceae, Amaryllidaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Tecophilaeaceae, Velloziaceae, Dioscoreaceae

Vol. 7: Iridaceae: Part 1: Nivenioideae, Iridoideae

Part 2: Ixioideae: Fascicle 1

Fascicle 2: Syringodea, Romulea (Published 1983).

Price: R3,96. Overseas: R5,00.

Post free

Vol. 8: Musaceae, Strelitziaceae, Zingiberaceae, Cannaceae*, Burmanmaceae, Orchidaceae

Vol. 9: Casuarinaceae*, Piperaceae, Salicaceae, Myricaceae, Fagaceae*, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Cannabaceae", Urti-

caceae, Proteaceae

Vol. 10: Part 1: Loranthaceae, Viscaceae (Published 1979). Price: R2.00. Overseas: R2,50. Post free

Santalaceae, Grubbiaceae, Opiliaceae, Olacaceae, Balanophoraceae, Aristolochiaceae, Rafflesiaceae, Hydno-

raceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Nyctaginaceae

Vol. 11: Phytolaccaceae, Aizoaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae

Vol. 12: Portulaccaceae, Basellaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Illecebraceae, Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Ceratophylla-

ceae, Ranunculaceae, Menispermaceae, Annonaceae, Trimeniaceae, Lauraceae, Hernandiaceae, Papavera-

ceae, Fumariaceae

viii

Vol. 13:

Vol. 14:

Vol. 15:

Vol. 16:

Vol. 17:

Vol. 18:

Vol. 19:

Vol. 20:

Vol. 21:

Vol. 22:

Vol. 23:

Vol. 24:

Vol. 25:

Vol. 26:

Vol. 27:

Vol. 28:

Vol. 29:

Vol. 30:

Vol. 31:

Vol. 32:

Vol. 33:

Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Resedaceae, Moringaceae, Droseraceae, Roridulaceae, Podostemaceae, Hydrosta-

chyaceae (Published 1970). Price: RIO, 00. Overseas: R12,00. Post free

Crassulaceae

Vahliaceae, Montiniaceae, Escalloniaceae, Pittosporaceae, Cunoniaceae, Myrothamnaceae, Bruniaceae,

Hamamelidaceae, Rosaceae, Connaraceae

Fabaceae: Part 1: Mimosoideae (Published 1975). Price: R13,50. Overseas: R16,75. Post free

Part 2: Caesalpinioideae (Published 1977). Price: R16,00. Overseas: R20,00. Post free

Papilionoideae

Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae

Linaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Balanitaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, Burseraceae, Ptaeroxy-

laceae, Meliaceae, Aitoniaceae, Malpighiaceae

Polygalaceae, Dichapetalaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Callitrichaceae, Buxaceae, Anacardiaceae, Aquifoliaceae

Celastraceae, Icacinaceae, Sapindaceae, Melianthaceae, Greyiaceae, Balsaminaceae, Rhamnaceae, Vitaceae

Parti: Tiliaceae (Published 1984). Price: R4,30 Overseas: R5, 00 Post free.

Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae

Ochnaceae, Clusiaceae, Elatinaceae, Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae, Canellaceae, Violaceae , Flacourtiaceae,

Turneraceae, Passifloraceae, Achariaceae, Loasaceae, Begoniaceae, Cactaceae (Published 1976).

Price: R8,60. Overseas: R10, 75. Post free

Geissolomaceae, Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Lythraceae, Lecythidaceae

Rhizophoraceae, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Onagraceae, Trapaceae, Haloragidaceae,

Gunneraceae, Araliaceae, Apiaceae, Cornaceae

Ericaceae

Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Oleaceae , Salvadoraceae, Foganiaceae,

Gentianaceae, Apocynaceae (Published 1963). Price: R4,60. Overseas: R5,75. Post free

Part 1: Periplocaceae, Asclepiadaceae (Microloma-Xysmalobium)

Part 2: Asclepiadaceae (Schizoglossum-Woodia)

Part 3: Asclepiadaceae (Asclepias-Anisotoma)

Part 4: Asclepiadaceae (Brachystelma-Riocreuxia) (Published 1980), Price: R4,50. Overseas: R6,00. Post free

Asclepiadaceae (remaining genera)

Cuscutaceae, Convolvulaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginaceae, Stilbaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Solana-

ceae, Retziaceae

Scrophulariaceae

Bignoniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Martyniaceae, Orobanchaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Acanthaceae,

Myoporaceae

Plantaginaceae, Rubiaceae, Valerianaceae, Dipsacaceae, Cucurbitaceae

Campanulaceae, Sphenocleaceae, Lobeliaceae, Goodeniaceae

Asteraceae: Part 1:

Part 2:

Part 3:

Part 4:

Part 5:

Part 6:

Part 7:

Part 8:

Part 9:

Lactuceae, Mutisieae, ‘Tarchonantheae’

Vernonieae, Cardueae

Arctotideae

Anthemideae

Astereae

Calenduleae

Inuleae: Fascicle 1: Inulinae

Fascicle 2: Gnaphaliinae (First part) (Published 1983). Price R13.70 Overseas:

R16.20 Post free.

Heliantheae, Eupatorieae

Senecioneae

IX

Tiliaceae

1: 1

TILIACEAE

by H. Wild*

Small trees, lianes, shrubs, annual or perennial herbs, often stellately hairy. Leaves

usually alternate, simple or rarely digitate, entire, toothed, or lobed; stipules paired, usually

small and deciduous. Inflorescence usually cymose, with the cymes often leaf-opposed, some-

times in corymbs or panicles, mostly axillary, sometimes terminal. Flowers regular, usually bi-

sexual. Sepals 5 or sometimes 3-4, free or occasionally connate, usually valvate. Petals free,

equalling the number of sepals and alternating with them, rarely absent, often with a glandular

claw or appendage at the base. Stamens mostly indefinite, 7-many; often on a raised torus or

androgynophore, free or connate at the base, all fertile or the outer sterile; anthers dehiscing

longitudinally or by terminal pores. Ovary superior, 2-10-locular, with one to many ovules per

loculus; style entire or lobed at the apex or the stigmas almost free. Fruit a dry or somewhat

fleshy drupe or a schizocarp, 2-10-locular or unilocular by abortion, sometimes transversely

septate between the seeds; seeds with endosperm.

A large family found throughout the world but especially abundant in the tropical and subtropical regions.

Elaeocarpus serratus L., an Asiatic species, is recorded in cultivation from Durban. Elaeocarpus has in the past

been considered as a member of the Tiliaceae, but most modern authors would now put it in the Elaeocarpaceae.

1 Fruit indehiscent, without bristles, drupaceous, 1-4-lobed 1. Grewia

1 Fruit usually dehiscent, if indehiscent then densely bristly, a glabrous, hairy or bristly

capsule or schizocarp:

2 Flowers white, pinkish or mauve, 4-merous; some stamens sterile with no anthers or,

if sterile stamens very few or apparently absent, the filaments nodose . . 3. Sparrmannia

2 Flowers yellow, 5-merous, sometimes 4-merous but then capsule pod-like; all the sta-

mens fertile, filaments never nodose:

3 Fruits globose, bristly, spiny or with conical, spine-tipped tubercles; ovules two per

locule 2. Triumfetta

3 Fruits usually long and pod-like, rarely ellipsoid or ovoid; ovules more than two

per locule or, if only two, then capsule smooth; leaves often tailed at the base . .

4. Corchorus

4966 1. GREWIA

Grewia L., Sp. PI. 964 (1753); L., Gen. PI. edn 5: 412 (1754); DC., Prodr. 1: 508 (1824);

Harv. in F.C. 1: 224 (1860); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 242 (1868); Burret in Bot. Jb. 44: 198 (1910);

op. cit. 45: 156 (1910); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 253 (1926); Exell & Mendonga, C.F.A.

1: 210 (1951); Hutch. & Dalz., F.W.T.A. edn 2: 301 (1958); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 37 (1963); Wilczek

in F.C.B. 10: 4 (1963); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81: 4 (1969); Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 5

(1969); R. A. Dyer, Gen. 1: 354 (1975). Type species: G. occidentalis L.

Shrubs or smallish trees. Leaves alternate, simple, serrate, very rarely entire, 3-7 nerved

at the base, petiolate; stipules lateral. Flowers regular, in terminal or axillary panicles or in

leaf-opposed or axillary umbel-like cymes. Sepals 5, linear-oblong or linear-spathulate, stellate-

ly hairy outisde, coloured like the petals within. Petals 5, shorter than the sepals, yellow, pink,

mauve, purplish or white, mostly with a nectariferous claw at the base. Stamens indefinite,

free, usually raised on a torus or androgynophore which is short and glabrous or produced

above into a pubescent extension. Ovary 2-4-locular, entire or 2-4-lobed, with two to many

* Late of the University of Zimbabwe. Text updated by L. E. Codd. Published 1983.

Tiliaceae

1: 2

axile ovules in each locule; style longer than the ovary with subulate or flattened lobes or al-

most entire. Fruit a 1-4-lobed drupe with 1-4 pyrenes; mesocarp somewhat fleshy or fibrous;

endocarp hard and woody.

A large genus of more than 400 species widely distributed in Africa, Asia and Australia; 26 species are recorded

from Southern Africa, though one is of doubtful status.

In common with other treatments of this genus in Africa, such as those by Brenan in the Tanganyika Territory

Check-List (1949) and Exell and Mendon§a in Conspectus Florae Angolensis, I have decided not to follow Burret’s later

division of the African Grewia spp. into the following smaller genera: Grewia L. in a more restricted sense, Micro-

cos (L.) Wight & Am. and Vincentia Boj. With our material at least, there is no real justification for this divsion. Fur-

ther to this, I have not thought it necessary to quote the long list of synonyms thus created by Burret in subdividing the

genus in his later work (Burret in Notizbl. bot. Gart. Mus. Berl. 9: 592-880 (1926) and 12: 715 (1935) ).

None of our representatives of this genus is of any real commercial value since, although their very hard wood

makes good assegai handles or walking sticks, they never grow to sufficient size to make their exploitation worth while.

The fruits of most species are edible, but have too little flesh to make them really attractive. However, the large number

of species and their wide distribution in all kinds of habitats makes them useful to the ecologist as indicator species.

Several species provide useful browsing for livestock and wildlife.

1 Inflorescences of terminal panicles; fruit never lobed, pendulous on recurved pedicels; stigma not lobed

1. G. microthyrsa

1 Inflorescences axillary or terminal, usually in rather umbel-like cymes, single in the axils or rarely in dense

heads; stigmas lobed:

2 Inflorescences of dense heads, leaf-opposed and often arising some distance from the node; stigmas laciniately

divided; stipules ovate 2. G. villosa

2 Inflorescences rather lax, 1-several-flowered, axillary or, if leaf-opposed, arising at the nodes; stipules sub-

ulate to lanceolate or oblong:

3 Ovary and fruit entire or 2-lobed; flowers yellow; inflorescences axillary or very rarely leaf-opposed (G. ver-

nicosa):

4 Leaves densely and finely whitish tomentose or tomentellous below, often discolorous:

5 Nerves on the underside of the leaves subglabrous or with tufts of long brownish hairs standing out

against the whitish indumentum of the interspaces:

6 Nerve interspaces very finely tomentellous: nerves lacking tufts of longer brownish hairs; leaf-blade

oblong to obovate 15. G. inaequilatera

6 Nerve interspaces tomentose; nerves with tufts of longer brownish hairs; leaf-blade elliptic, ovate-

oblong or oblong-elliptic 14. G. hexamita

5 Nerves on the underside of the leaves not differentiated in colour, whitish tomentose or tomentellous

like the interspaces:

7 Androgynophore produced well beyond the basal glabrous portion (noticeable in fruit as well as in

flower); stipules slightly falcate and somewhat auriculate at the base 7. G. falcistipula

7 Androgynophore not produced beyond the basal glabrous portion; stipules straight, not auriculate at

the base:

8 Leaves symmetric at the base; peduncles commonly 1-flowered, if more than 1-flowered, nerves

rather raised and reticulate below 13. G. flava

8 Leaves asymmetric at the base; peduncles usually 3-flowered:

9 Leaves elliptic, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate; margin entire or finely serrulate 9. G. bicolor

9 Leaves asymmetrically cordate, oblong-ovate to ovate or broadly obovate-oblong; margin ser-

rate:

10 Bracts entire; fruit-lobes more than 4 mm in diam.; leaves 25-90 mm long:

11 Leaf-margin usually irregularly and coarsely serrate; leaf-blade somewhat rugulose

above, leathery in texture 10. G. monticola

11 Leaf-margin regularly serrate; leaf-blade not rugulose above, thin-textured

1 1 . G. subspathulata

10 Bracts narrow, bifid or trifid; fruit-lobes 4 mm in diam.; leaves ca 30 mm long ... 12. G. hornbyi

4 Leaves glabrous or variously hairy but if tomentose below then coarsely greyish tomentose and not discolo-

rous;

12 Androgynophore produced well beyond the basal glabrous portion in a densely pubescent extension

(noticeable in fruit as well as in flower) ; 6. G. caffra

12 Androgynophore not produced:

13 Fruit deeply 2-lobed, 15 mm in diam. or more; stigma-lobes broad 16. G. schinzii

13 Fruit not lobed or only shallowly lobed; stigma-lobes subulate or, if fruit fairly deeply 2-lobed and

stigma-lobes broader, then fruits not more than 10 mm in diam.:

Tiliaceae

1: 3

14 Leaves glabrous or only very sparsely pubescent; pubescence of buds and young stems fine

and rather appressed;

15 Leaf-blades broadly ovate, rotound, broadly obovate or rhombic 8. G. vernicosa

15 Leaf-blades oblong, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate:

16 Leaf-apex rounded or acute, blade oblong or elliptic-oblong, nerves reticulate; branches

cylindric; a low bush of about 1 m tall 4, G. retinervis

16 Leaf-apex acute or acuminate, blade lanceolate, nerves not reticulate, spreading shrub with

branches becoming 4-angled 5. G. gracillima

14 Leaves coarsely and harshly pubescent or if glabrescent then buds and young stems coarsely and

harshly pubescent:

17 Flowering peduncles normally longer than 10 mm; leaves broadly oblong or almost orbicular .

3(b). G. flavescens var. olukondae

17 Flowering peduncles normally shorter than 10 mm; leaves oblanceolate, obovate or oblong-

lanceolate 3(a). G. flavescens var. flavescens

3 Ovary and fruit deeply 4-lobed; flowers white, purplish, pink, or rarely yellow (G. rogersii); inflorescences

leaf-opposed, rarely axillary (G. rogersii):

18 Leaves discolorous, whitish or greyish tomentose or tomentellous below:

19 Flowers yellow; leaves oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, up to 70 x 30 mm 18. G. rogersii

19 Flowers pink or mauve, rarely white; leaves broadly elliptic, obovate, broadly ovate or rotund, up to

20 X 16 mm 26. G. robusta

18 Leaves not discolorous, glabrous to fairly densely pubescent:

20 Inflorescences l(-3)-flowered; leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent:

21 Flowers white; leaves orbicular to obovate, rounded at the apex and cordate or abruptly cuneate at

the base; ovary glabrous or glabrescent; ripe fruits shining and yellowish, 10 mm in diam

19. G. tenax

21 Flowers pinkish, mauve or purple, very rarely white; leaves rhomboid-elliptic to ovate, cuneate to

rounded at the base; ovary densely hairy; ripe fruit brownish to purplish black, up to 15 mm in

diam.:

22 Leaves relatively thin-textured, 20-40(-50) x 10-30 mm, not glossy above; margin finely cre-

nate-dentate 20. G. occidentals

22 Leaves thick-textured, 40-80 x 20-50 mm, glossy above; margin subentire 21. G. pondoensis

20 Inflorescences 2-several-flowered, if flowers occasionally single then leaves coarsely hispid;

23 Inflorescences concentrated at the ends of the branches, mostly more than 3-flowered; petal-lamina

narrowly triangular tapering to the apex, 7-13 mm long 17. G. sulcata

23 Inflorescences not concentrated at the ends of the branches, l-3(-4)-flowered; petal-lamina nar-

rowly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, or shortly triangular:

24 Bracts trifid; petal-lamina about 2 mm long and shortly triangular 22. G. avellana

24 Bracts entire; petals narrowly elliptic or oblong-elliptic:

25 Leaf-blades exceeding 60 x 25 mm:

26 Leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate to narrowly obovate, 60-150 x 25-60 mm, acute at the

apex, thin textured 23. G. pachy calyx

26 Leaf-blades broadly ovate or broadly obovate to almost rotound, 80-150 x 70-150 mm,

rounded to obtuse at the apex, thick textured 24. G. lasiocarpa

25 Leaf-blades up to 35 x 23 mm 25. G. hispida

1. Grewia microthyrsa K. Schwn. ex

Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 163 (1910); Wild in

F.Z. 2,1: 40 (1963); Wild & Gonsalves in

F.M. 28: 9 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 240 (1972);

Syntypes: Mozambique, Louren$o Marques,

Schlechter 11632 (Bt; BM!; Schlechter 11616

(Bt;BM!; K!).

Shrub 2-3 m tall with pale grey bark.

Leaf-blade 20-55 x 12-25 mm, oblong to

oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse, base rounded,

margin almost entire or subserrate in the up-

per half, both sides glabrous or with minute,

scattered, stellate hairs, lateral nerves fairly

prominent below, in 4-5 pairs, looping within

the margin; petiole about 5 mm long, stellate-

pubescent; stipules subulate, very caducous.

Inflorescences terminal on the branches, in

smallish panicles; peduncles about 5 mm

long, whitish or brownish tomentellous; ped-

icels similar, about 2,5 mm long; bracts about

5 mm long, deeply trifid, densely puberu-

lous, very caducous. Buds greyish brown, to-

mentellous, obovoid. Sepals 6-9 mm long,

revolute and hooded in the upper half, slip-

per-shaped, puberulous within, tomentellous

without. Petals about 3 mm long, usually re-

fuse or bifid at the apex, densely puberulent

within above the nectary which does not form

Tiliaceae

1: 4

a scale-like ledge above. Androgynophore

1-1,5 mm tall, glabrous, not produced above.

Ovary not lobed, glabrous, usually 3-locular

and the loculi 3-4-ovuled; style 5 mm long,

glabrous; stigma hardly wider than the style.

Fruit about 13 x 7 mm, pendulous on re-

curved pedicels, narrowly ovoid, never lobed.

A species of dry bushland or dry mixed woodland at

low altitudes in north-eastern Transvaal and northern Na-

tal; also in the southern provinces of Mozambique. Map

1.

Vouchers: Codd 5334; Gerstner 4797; 4976; Junod in

TRY 25402.

The only South African representative of section

Microcos (L.) Wight & Arn.

MAP 1. — • Grewia microthyrsa

* Grewia villosa

® both species

2. Grewia villosa Willd. in Ges. naturf.

Freunde Berl. Neue Schr. 4: 205 (1803); DC.,

Prodr. 1: 511 (1824); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 249

(1868); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 254 (1926):

Codd, Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 26: 118

(1951); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 62 (1963); Comp-

ton, FI. Swaziland 56 (1966); Roessl. in

F.S.W.A. 81: 9 (1969); Wild & Gongalves in

F.M. 28: 35 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 241

(1972). Type: India, Madras, Rottler (B,

Herb. Willd.!).

Much branched shrub 1-3 m tall; young

branchlets with yellowish silky hairs. Leaf-

blade up to 120 mm in diam., suborbicular to

broadly elliptic, apex rounded, slightly cor-

date at the base, sometimes asymmetric, mar-

gin serrate, sparsely pubescent, green and

finely reticulate above, grey pubescent or vil-

lous below, veins prominent and reticulate;

petiole up to 40 mm long, setulose-pubescent;

stipules 5-12 mm long, ovate to broadly

oblanceolate, pubescent, submembranous.

Inflorescences leaf-opposed or frequently aris-

ing some distance from the node; peduncles

up to 5 mm long, pubescent; pedicels similar,

up to 3 mm long, bracts about 7 mm long,

ovate, similar to the stipules. Buds globose to

oblong-globose. Sepals 5-9 mm long, linear-

lanceolate, silky pubescent outside, slightly

pubescent and yellow inside. Petals yellow,

about half the length of the sepals, oblong or

obovate-oblong, with a basal nectariferous

claw circumvillous within but not extended

above into a narrow ledge, nectary and lami-

na of about equal length, pubescent behind

the nectary and along the mid-line of the

lamina. Androgynophore up to 0,75 mm long,

glabrous, with a more or less membranous,

undulate rim. Ovary not lobed, densely vil-

lous; style about 3 mm long, pubescent, es-

pecially towards the base; stigma divided into

many laciniate segments. Fruit about 15 mm

in diam., globose, reddish, shallowly 4-lobed,

with small scattered tubercles bearing rather

long, caducous, setulose hairs.

Often found in Acacia bush or woodland or in mixed

Commiphora-Terminalia bushland. Widely distributed

through the drier parts of Africa from South West Afri-

ca/Namibia, Transvaal, Natal and Swaziland northwards

and also in the Cape Verde Islands, the Arabian Peninsu-

la and India. Map 1.

Vouchers: Codd 4285; 6111; De Winter 3110; Hut-

chinson 2680.

The only South African representative of section

Glomeratae Burret.

3. Grewia flavescens Juss. in Ann. Mus.

natn. Hist. nat. 4: 91 (1804); Wild & Gon-

galves in F.M. 28: 15 (1969). Type: India,

?Lahaye in Herb. Juss. (P, holo.!).

Bush 2-5 m tall; young branches stel-

late-pubescent, becoming glabrous, older

stems four-angled and somewhat sulcate,

sometimes scandent. Leaf-blade 40-120 x

20-85 mm, oblanceolate, obovate or oblong-

lanceolate or occasionally almost orbicular,

acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded or

subcordate at the base, margins irregularly

serrate, harshly pubescent, particularly be-

low; petiole up to 7 mm long but usually

shorter, pilose; stipules up to 10 mm long,

subulate to oblong-lanceolate, somewhat

keeled, pubescent on both sides. Inflores-

cences all axillary, on pubescent peduncles up

to 15 mm long; pedicels up to 20 mm long,

2-3 per peduncle, pubescent; bracts about

Tiliaceae

1: 5

3 mm long, entire, lanceolate to ovate-lanceo-

late, pubescent, especially on the back. Buds

oblong with a slight swelling and then a con-

striction just above the base. Sepals 12-20

mm long, lorate, yellow inside, yellowish to-

mentose outside. Petals yellow, 6-8 x 1,5 mm,

narrowly oblong with a nectariferous claw

villous on the margins within and at the base

outside. Androgynophore 1,5-2 mm long,

glabrous, not elongated above the node.

Ovary closely setose-pubescent, entire or

slightly 2-lobed; style about 10 mm long,

glabrous; stigmas usually subulate. Fruit 8-14

x 14-15 mm, depressed globose, sometimes

entire but usually shallowly 2- or occasionally

4-lobed, yellowish brown with short, ap-

pressed stellate hairs, often mixed with longer

stellate hairs, somewhat shining when ripe.

A species of open woodland below about 1 500 m in

northern Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, and South West

Africa/Namibia; above that altitude it may be found on

termite mounds. Widespread throughout tropical Africa,

also in the Arabian Peninsula and India.

Belongs to section Pluriovulatae Burret which is

characterised by unlobed or only slightly lobed ovary and

fruits, 10-20 ovules per loculus and subulate stigma-

lobes. A very variable species particularly in the amount

of indumentum and the leaf-shape. The stems are used in

basket making.

For key to varieties, see key to species.

MAP 2. — * Grewia flavescens var. flavescens

• Grewia flavescens var. olukondae

® both varieties

(a) var. flavescens,

G. flavescens Juss. in Ann. Mus. natn.

Hist. nat. 4: 91 (1804); DC., Prodr. 1: 510

(1824); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 168 (1910);

Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 254 (1926); Codd,

Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 26: 116 (1951); Wild

in F.Z. 2,1: 46 (1963); Compton, FI. Swazi-

land 55 (1965); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81: 8

(1969); Wild & Gonsalves in F.M. 28: 16

(1969); Ross, FI. Natal 240 (1972).

G. aspera Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2,8: 701

(1908). Type: South West Africa/Namibia, Hereroland,

Waterberg, Dirtier 408 (Z, holo.!).

G. rautanenii Schinz, l.c. (1908). Syntypes: South West

Africa/Namibia, Ovambo, Ojudu, Rautanen 614 ( Z ! ) ; On-

donga, Unkuanyama, Rautanen 615 (Z!).

Leaf-blades oblanceolate, oblong-lanceo-

late or obovate, usually subtruncate at the

base. Flowering peduncles usually shorter

than 10 mm.

The range of distribution is that given for the species

as a whole. Map 2.

Vouchers: De Winter & Leistner 5639; Galpin 741;

Rodin 3988.

(b) var. olukondae (Schinz) Wild in F.Z.

2,1: 46 (1963); Wild & Gonsalves in F.M.

28: 16(1969).

G. olukondae Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser.

2,8: 701 (1908); Engl, in Bot. Jb. 45: 180 (1910); Burret in

Bot. Jb. 45: 166 (1910). Type: South West Africa/Nami-

bia, Amboland, Olukonila, Schinz 1114 (Z, holo.!).

Leaf-blades broadly oblong to almost or-

bicular, rounded or often more or less cor-

date at the base. Flowering peduncles usually

more than 10 mm long.

Occurs below 1 500 m in woodland, bushland and

thickets in the Transvaal and South West Africa/Namibia.

Also in Botswana, Zimbabwe and Zambia. Map 2.

Vouchers: Codd 5982; De Winter 2819; Hutchinson

2669.

4. Grewia retinervis Burret in Bot. Jb.

45: 170 (1910), pro parte, quoad specim.

Baum , excl. specim. Dinter ; Burtt Davy, FI.

Transv. 1: 255 (1926); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 45

(1963). Type: Angola, Bie, Baum 758 (B,

holof; BM!).

G. carpinifolia sensu Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam. Rehm.

57 (1887).

G. deserticola Ulbr. in Bot. Jb. 51: 344 (1914). Type:

South West Africa/ Namibia, Hereroland, Otjivero, Dinter

2742 (B, hoio.t).

Small bush 1-2 m tall, usually branching

low down; young stems brownish pubescent

or glabrescent, older branches somewhat

compressed not becoming 4-angled and

grooved. Leaf-blade 20-50 x 10-28 mm, el-

liptic-oblong, acute or rounded at the apex,

rounded at the base, margins serrate, sparsely

pubescent above or glabrous, nerves reticula-

te on both sides, slightly pubescent below; pe-

tiole 1-3 mm long, pubescent; stipules about

Tiliaceae

1: 6

2,5 mm long, subulate, pubescent. Inflores-

cences all axillary; peduncles 3-6 mm long,

pubescent; pedicels 2-3 together, 2-4 mm

long, pubescent; basal bracts about 2 mm

long, entire, lanceolate-triangular, pubescent.

Buds oblong, somewhat sulcate. Sepals 6-8

x 1 mm, lorate, appressed pubescent outside,

glabrous within. Petals yellow, 5-7 x 1,5 mm,

narrowly oblong or lorate, with a basal nec-

tariferous claw 1 mm long and circumvillous

within. Androgynophore 1 mm long, glab-

rous, not extended above the node, rather cu-

pular at the apex and clasping the ovary base.

Ovary appressed pubescent, never lobed;

style 8-9 mm long, glabrous; stigmas usually

4, subulate. Fruit about 8 mm in diam., glob-

ose, never lobed, shining, reddish brown,

minutely and sparsely stellate-pubescent. Fig.

1:2.

A species of open woodland and bushland, usually

found on sandy soils in the Transvaal, northern Cape,

South West Africa/Namibia. It occurs also in Botswana,

Zimbabwe, Zambia and southern Angola. Map 3.

Vouchers: Acocks 12472; De Winter 4273; 4591;

Leistner 563.

MAP 3. — • Grewia retinervis

A Grewia gracillima

■ Grewia caffra

This species has sometimes been treated as a form of

G. flavescens Juss. However, the fact that the fruits are al-

ways 1-lobed, the leaves almost glabrous and the older

branches rounded rather than 4-sided relates this species

to G. carpinifolia Juss. rather than to G. flavescens, if one

follows the criteria used by Keay in F.W.T.A. edn 2, 1,

1: 302 (1958) to separate these last two species. Ecologi-

cally, as a small bush of dry sandy soils or Kalahari con-

ditions, it is readily separated from G. carpinifolia, which

is a forest species. Like a number of other species such as

Dichapetalum venenatum (Hook, f.) Engl., also a plant of

the open bushlands and woodlands of the Transvaal,

G. retinervis may have evolved from a liane-like forest an-

cestor. Both these plants are most nearly related to other

species in the same genera which are forest scramblers or

lianes. For these reasons G. retinervis is once more

treated as a distinct species and, under our conditions at

least, its rather dwarf habit, apart from the other charac-

ters mentioned, renders it readily distinguishable from the

larger G. flavescens. Belongs to section Pluriovulatae .

The Dinter specimen from S.W. A. /Namibia cited by Bur-

ret (l.c.) is G. flavescens.

5. Grewia gracillima Wild in Bolm Soc.

broteriana ser. 2,31; 82, t. 1, fig. B. (1957);

Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 44 (1963); Wild & Gon-

galves in F.M. 28: 13 (1969). Type: Zim-

babwe, Ndanga, Chipinda Pools, Mylne 42/51

(SRGH, holo.!).

Shrub about 2 m tall which may become

scandent if crowded with other trees or bush-

es; young branches very delicate, sparsely pu-

bescent, soon becoming glabrous, older

branches 4-angled. Leaf-blade 15-60 x 8-25

mm, lanceolate, apex acute to subacute, base

rounded or subcordate, margin serrate or ser-

rate-crenate, glabrous above, very sparsely

appressed stellate-pubescent below, especially

on the nerves, lateral nerves 4-5; petiole 1-

3 mm long, sparsely setulose-pubescent;

stipules about 6 mm long, subulate, sparsely

setulose. Inflorescences all axillary; peduncles

3-10 mm long, 1-3-flowered, slender,

sparsely setulose; pedicels similar, 2, 5-6 mm

long; basal bracts 1 mm long, minutely pubes-

cent, oblong. Buds oblong, slightly wider to-

wards the apex. Sepals about 6,5 mm long,

narrowly oblong-spathulate, involute towards

the apex, pubescent outside, three-nerved,

apex somewhat hooded. Petals yellow, about

half the length of the sepals, often incised at

the apex, with a basal nectary which is cir-

cumvillous on the margins within with a slight

ledge above and glabrous at the back. Andro-

gynophore 0,75 mm long, glabrous, barely

elongated at the pubescent apex. Ovary never

lobed, appressed setose; style about 3 mm

long, glabrous; stigmas very small, subulate.

Fruit about 8 mm in diam., globose, yellow-

ish, very sparsely stellate-setulose.

A Soutpansberg species of lower altitude woodland

up to 700 m, most commonly found in somewhat pro-

tected situations such as stream banks and on rocky hills

where vegetation is relatively dense. Also occurs in Zim-

babwe and Mozambique. Map 3.

Vouchers: Codd 6894; Schlieben 7405.

This species is rather difficult to place in Burret’s

classification in Bot. Jb. 44: 216 (1910). Superficially it ap-

pears to be nearest to G. carpinifolia Juss. of section Plu-

riovulatae subsection Apodogynae Burret but it lacks the

shallow hollowing out of the apex of the torus or andro-

gynophore which clasps the base of the ovary in the latter

species. Instead there is the slightest suggestion of an

Tiliaceae

1: 7

elongation of the androgynophore and the apex is pubes-

cent. Its androgynophore is, therefore, of a type interme-

diate between those of the two subsections Apodogynae

Burret and Podogynae Burret and in fact this species is in

all other respects remarkably near G. caffra Meisn. of the

Podogynae.

6. Grewia caffra Meisn. in Hooker, Lon-

don J. Bot. 2: 53 (1843); Harv. in F.C. 1: 225

(1860); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 244 (1868); Burret

in Bot. Jb. 45: 171 (1910); Burtt Davy, FI.

Transv. 1: 255 (1926); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 48

(1963); Compton, FI. Swaziland 55 (1966);

Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 18 (1969);

Ross, FI. Natal 240 (1972- Type: Natal, Port

Natal, Krauss 209 (K!).

Scandent many-stemmed shrub; branch-

lets sparsely setose-pubescent, soon becoming

glabrous, older stems quadrangular. Leaf-

blade 20-50 x 10-25 mm, oblong-ovate to

lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex,

broadly cuneate to rounded at the base, finely

serrate or serrulate, glabrous or very sparsely

appressed stellate-pubescent on both sides;

petiole 2-3 mm long, sparsely setose-pubes-

cent; stipules about 6 mm long, setaceous,

very sparsely setulose-pubescent or glabrous.

Inflorescences all axillary on slender, setulose-

pubescent peduncles up to 7 mm long; ped-

icels similar, 2-3 together, up to 10 mm long.

Buds oblong-cylindric. Sepals 6-9 mm long,

linear, finely pubescent on the back, glabrous

within. Petals slightly shorter than the sepals,

yellow, with a basal nectariferous claw cir-

cumvillous within, produced into a ledge

above and setose-pubescent on the back.

Androgynophore glabrous below for 1 mm,

produced above into a closely pubescent ex-

tension about 2 mm long. Ovary ovoid, not

lobed, setose-pubescent; style about 7 mm

long, glabrous; stigma of 4 subulate lobes.

Fruit 7,5-10 mm in diam., globose, never

lobed, very sparsely stellate-pubescent or

glabrous

A species common along the banks of rivers at low

altitudes in Transvaal and Natal, either as a thicket-form-

ing species or as a scrambler or liane in riverine fringes.

Also in Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Map 3.

Vouchers: Acocks 10876; 16791; Obermeyer sub

TRV 30882; Strey 4994.

The flowers of this species are erroneously described

as purple by Harvey in the Flora Capensis. Belongs to

section Pluriovulatae Burret subsection Podogynae Bur-

ret.

7. Grewia falcistipula K. Schum. in

Warb., Kunene-Samb. Exped. 296 (1903);

Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 172 (1910); Exell &

Mendonga, C.F.A. 1, 2: 216 (1951); Wild in

F.Z. 2,1: 48 (1963); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81:

4 (1969). Type: Angola, Cubango R., Cueio

Mtn, Baum 353 (B, holo.f) but see also Cu-

bango R., Cabindere, Baum 353 (Bf; BM!;

COI!; K!).

Shrub with branches spreading from the

base, up to 1 m tall; young branches greyish

tomentose. Leaf-blade 20-75 x 13-40 mm,

elliptic, broadly elliptic or ovate, acute at the

apex, asymmetrically rounded or subcordate

at the base, margins serrate, finely reticulate

and sparsely appressed stellately hairy above,

densely greyish white tomentellous below; pe-

tiole about 5 mm, greyish or greyish brown

tomentose; stipules up to 10 mm long, entire,

auriculate at the base, subulate above, pubes-

cent, fairly persistent. Inflorescences all axil-

lary; peduncles about 10 mm long, tomentel-

lous, pedicels normally three together, about

2 mm long; bracts about 3 mm long, normally

bifid or trifid |or| way, greyish tomentellous.

Buds oblong. Sepals up to 17 mm long, green-

ish grey, tomentellous on the back, glabrous

within, linear-oblong. Petals bright yellow,

slightly shorter than the sepals, linear, often

bifid at the apex, widening into a nectarifer-

ous base which is circumvillous within, ledged

above and tomentellous on the back. Andro-

gynophore with a glabrous base about 1 mm

tall, extended above into a closely pubescent

column up to 2 mm tall and bearing the sta-

mens at its apex. Ovary ovoid, setose, pubes-

cent, not lobed; style 5-6 mm long, pubes-

cent at the base; stigmas about 4, short,

subulate. Fruit up to 10 mm in diam., never

lobed, globose, shortly and sparsely stellate-

pubescent.

Often found on Kalahari sand formations and thus

frequently found in Baikiaea plurijuga woodland or ac-

companying such species as Plerocarpus angolensis, Di-

plorhynchus condylocarpon and Burkea africana. Fruit

edible.

Occurs in the northern part of South West Africa/

Namibia and in Angola and Zambia. Map 4.

Vouchers: De Winter 3847; Giess 9921; Killick &

Leistner 3055; 3284.

Belongs to section Pluriovulatae Burret.

8. Grewia vernicosa Schinz in Bull.

Herb. Boissier ser. 2,8: 700 (1908); Burret in

Bot. Jb. 45: 195 (1910); Burtt Davy, FI.

Transv. 1: 255 (1926). Syntypes: Transvaal,

between Shiluvane and Pietersburg, Junod

1729 (S \\Junod 1757 (S!).

Tiliaceae

1: 8

FIG. l .-l, Grewia hexamita, portion of flowering branch, x 1; la, flower, front petal removed showing disc x 1-

lb. petal, x 3; lc, portion of fruiting branch, x 1 (Werdermann Oberdieck 1988). 2, Grewia retinervis portion of

flowering and fruiting branch, x 1 ( Mott 836).

Tiliaceae

G. populifolia sensu Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam. Rchm.

57 (1887).

Small shrub about 0,6 m tall; branchlets

slender, stellately tomentellous at first but

soon becoming glabrous with brown purple

bark. Leaf-blade up to 23 x 20 mm, broadly

ovate, rotund, broadly obovate or rhombic,

apex obtuse or truncate, base rounded, mar-

gin crenate or serrate, glabrous or very min-

utely and sparsely puberulent on the nerves

beneath when young, venation reticulate,

minutely glandular and when young often

rather shining and viscid; petiole up to 5 mm

long, slender, shortly pubescent; stipules up

to 2 mm long, filiform, puberulous. Inflores-

cences axillary or apparently often opposite

the leaves, usually 3-flowered; peduncles up

to 5 mm long, slender, puberulent; pedicels

similar, up to 5 mm long; bracts similar to the

stipules and very caducous. Sepals about 5 x

1,5 mm narrowly oblong, apex acute, densely

puberulent outside, glabrous within. Petals

greenish yellow or greenish white, about § the

length of the sepals, blade narrowly oblong,

apex usually bifid, often pubescent near the

base, basal nectariferous claw not wider than

the base of the blade, about 1 mm long, pu-

bescent at the sides and on the short upper

ledge. Androgynophore glabrous for 1 mm

below with a tomentose collar at the apex but

not extended above the glabrous portion.

Ovary ellipsoid, clasped by the saucer-like

apex of the androgynophore, slightly 2-lobed,

glabrous or very minutely papillose; style

about 1,5 mm long, stigma-lobes broad. Fruit

MAP 4. — 4 Grewia falcistipula

* Grewia vernicosa

• Grewia bicolor

® Grewia bicolor and G. vernicosa

1: 9

7 mm in diam. (? immature), minutely glan-

dular-papillose, later glabrescent, 2-lobed or

1-lobed by abortion.

Not so far found outside the Transvaal. A species of

mixed bushland or woodland. Map 4.

Vouchers: Acocks 20924; Codd 2283; 6755; Meeuse

10260.

Although this species often appears to have its inflo-

rescences opposite the leaves its ovary and fruit are never

deeply 4-lobed, and although Burret placed it in section

Grewia (= section Oppositiflorae Burret) it should be

transferred to section Axillares Burret.

9. Grewia bicolor Juss. in Ann. Mus.

natn. Hist. nat. 4: 90, t. 50, fig. 2 (1804);

DC., Prodr. 1: 509 (1824); Burret in Bot. Jb.

45: 176 (1910); Wild in F.Z. 2, 1; 49 (1963);

Compton, FI. Swaziland 55 (1966); Roessl. in

F.S.W.A. 81: 7 (1969); Wild & Gongalves in

F.M. 28: 19 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 240

(1972). Type: Senegal, Adanson (P, holo.!).

G. miniata Mast, ex Hiern. Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. 1: 95

(1897); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 254 (1926). Type: An-

gola, Mossamedes, Bumbo, Welwitsch 1377 (Bt; HM! ;

COI!; LISU, holo.!).

G. dinteri Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2,8: 702

(1908). G. bicolor Juss. var. dinteri (Schinz) Burret in

Bot. Jb. 45: 176 (1910). Type: South West Africa/Nami-

bia, Hereroland, Spitzkopjes, Dinteri 7 (Z, holo.!).

G. grisea N.E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1909: 94 (1909); Burtt

Davy, I.c. Type: Botswana, Kwebe, Lugard 54 (K,

holo.!).

G. kwebensis N.E. Br., I.c. 95 (1909); Burtt Davy, I.c.;

Codd, Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 26: 116 (1951). Type: Bo-

tswana, Kwebe, Lugard 92 (K, holo.!).

G. mossambicensis Burret, I.c. 178 (1910); Burtt Davy,

I.c. in syn. Type: Mozambique, Ressano Garcia, Schlech-

ter 11930 (B, holo. t;BM!;K!).

G. disticha Dinter & Burret, I.c. 178 (1910). Type:

South West Africa/Namibia, Okahandja, Waldau, Dinter

438 (B, holo.t; K!; Z!).

Shrub or occasionally a moderate sized

tree up to 9 m tall; in large specimens the

bark is dark grey, deeply fissured longitudi-

nally and exfoliates in long strips, in smaller

specimens the bark is grey and smooth; young

branches grey or brown tomentellous. Leaf-

blade 15-70 x 13-20 mm, elliptic, elliptic-

oblong or lanceolate, acute or rounded at the

apex, rounded, subcordate or broadly cu-

neate at the base, margins finely serrate,

sometimes almost entire, glabrous and green

to very shortly greenish tomentellous above,

shortly and densely white tomentose below;

petiole about 2 mm, rarely up to 4 mm; stipu-

les about 6 mm long, linear or subulate, grey

or brownish tomentellous. Inflorescences all

axillary; peduncles 5-10 mm long, brownish

1: 10

Tiliaceae

or grey tomentellous; pedicels similar, 2-3

together, 3-10 mm long; bracts similar to the

stipules, about 4 mm long, caducous. Buds

oblong-ovoid. Sepals up to 12 mm long, lin-

ear-oblong or spathulate-oblong, slightly

hooded at the apex, grey or brownish green

tomentellous outside, yellow and glabrous in-

side. Petals bright yellow, f-f the length of

the sepals, linear-oblong, sometimes biden-

tate at the apex, with a basal nectariferous

claw circumvillous within and glabrous on the

back with a ledge above, or with the nectary

entirely lacking. Androgynophore with a glab-

rous basal portion up to 1 mm tall or com-

pletely absent. In the latter case the ovary is

almost sessile on a short pubescent cushion

carrying the anthers. Ovary shortly stellate-

pubescent, shallowly 2-lobed or 1-lobed with

an eccentric style by abortion of one loculus;

style about 4 mm long; glabrous, stigma-lobes

about 4, broad and flattened. Fruit deeply

divided into 2 globose lobes, each about 6 mm

diam. or 1-lobed, sparsely stellate-pubescent,

finally purple-black.

Widespread from Swaziland, Zululand, Transvaal

and South West Africa/Namibia to Ethiopia and West

Africa; also in the Arabian Peninsula and India. Map 4.

On the whole this species prefers the drier types of

deciduous woodland but does penetrate areas with an an-

nual rainfall above 600 mm in special locations such as

termite mounds. It is often associated with Colophosper-

mum mopane but is also found in many other types of

mixed woodland.

Vouchers: Codd 6009; 6612; De Winter 2674; 2818;

Rogers 12879.

The wood of larger specimens is used for making

axe-handles and walking sticks. The fruit is edible.

This is an extremely variable species and this may, at

least partly, be due to the fact that it hybridises freely

with G. monticola (see there (no. 10) and under G. sub-

spathulata - no. 11) particularly in Botswana, Zimbabwe,

Transvaal and southern Mozambique. G. disticha , which

has been included here, also appears to be a hybrid with

G. monticola.

Belongs to section Axdlares.

The British Museum sheet of Dinter 438 is not typ-

ical G. bicolor but was probably taken from a different

bush than the sheet bearing this number at Kew. It is near

G. monticola but shows some characters (membranous

leaves and rather small serrations) of G. bicolor and is al-

most certainly a hybrid.

10. Grewia monticola Sond. in Linnaea

23: 20 (1850); Harv. in F.C. 1: 226 (1860);

Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 179 (1910); Burtt Davy,

FI. Transv. 1: 254 (1926); Codd, Mem. bot.

Surv. S. Afr. 26: 116 (1951); Wild in F.Z. 2,

1: 50 (1963); Compton, FI. Swaziland 55

(1966); Wild & Gonsalves in F.M. 28: 20

(1969); Ross, FI. Natal 241 (1972). Syntypes:

Transvaal, Magaliesberg, Burke (K!; PRE!);

Zeyher (K!).

G. discolor sensu Harv. in F.C. 1: 254 (1860).

G. pilosa sensu Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam. Rehm. 58

(1887), pro parte.

G. cordata N.E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1909: 96 (1909).

Type: Botswana, Kwebe Hills, Lugard 102 (K, holo.!).

Shrub or small tree up to 5 m tall; young

branches densely ferruginously tomentose.

Leaf-blade 25-90 x 10-50 mm, obliquely el-

liptic-oblong to ovate, acute at the apex,

asymmetrically cordate or rounded at the

base, margin irregularly serrate, sparsely pu-

bescent or glabrous and somewhat rugose

above, densely white tomentose below; pe-

tiole 2-5 mm long, ferruginously tomentose;

stipules about 8 mm long, linear-lanceolate,

apiculate. Inflorescences all axillary; pedun-

cles often 2-3 together in one axil, up to 10

mm long, ferruginous-tomentose; pedicels

about 3 per peduncle, about 5 mm long, fer-

ruginously tomentose; bracts about 5 mm

long, linear to linear-lanceolate, ferruginously

tomentose. Buds ovoid or ovoid-oblong. Se-

pals about 10 mm long, ferruginously tomen-

tose outside, glabrous and yellow inside, nar-

rowly oblong. Petals bright yellow, |-f the

length of the sepals, oblong, narrowly obo-

vate or ovate, often bidentate at the apex,

either with a basal nectariferous claw, which

is circumvillous within, ledged above and

glabrous on the back, or with the gland en-

tirely lacking. Androgynophore 1 mm tall,

glabrous but villous at the apex, producing a

cushion that bears the stamens or with the ba-

sal glabrous portion lacking in specimens with

no nectaries. Ovary villous, shallowly 2-

lobed; style about 4 mm long, glabrous, with

broad, flattened stigma-lobes. Fruit either

deeply 2-lobed or l-lobed by abortion of one

loculus, each lobe about 8 mm in diam., setu-

lose-pubescent, yellowish when ripe.

A species of open woodland and bushland in Trans-

vaal, Natal and South West Africa/Namibia. Also in Bo-

tswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and Tanzania.

Map 5.

Vouchers: Acocks 13929; 15337; Codd 758; 934;

Pegler 2007.

Like G. bicolor (no. 9) this is a very variable species,

possibly because a whole range of hybrids seems to exist

between these two species and it is most difficult to deal

with them in a conventional taxonomic manner. (See also

under G. subspathulata-no. 11).

Tiliaceae

1: 11

Mrs. Lugard, who collected the type specimens of G.

cordata, G. kwebensis and G. grisea in Botswana (all de-

scribed as distinct species by N.E. Brown) remarked on

the label accompanying the type of G. cordata that every

hybrid seemed to exist in the Kwebe Hills between this

species and G. bicolor. This was in 1898 and her comment

evidently received little attention at the time. Now that

much more material has been collected it is more difficult

than ever to explain this complex of forms in any other

way and all the above named species, as Mrs. Lugard

thought, seem to form part of a hybrid series. (See notes

under G. bicolor-no. 9).

As in G. bicolor , forms lacking the glabrous torus or

androgynophore are frequent. In this species both forms

seem about equally common. A galling of the fruits in G.

monticola causes them to develop a characteristic brown

woolly appearance which, if not recognised as a gall,

could easily lead one into assuming that a distinct species

was involved.

Belongs to section Axillares.

MAP 5. — * Grewia monticola

• Grewia subspathulata

® both species

11. Grewia subspathulata N.E. Br. in

Kew Bull. 1909: 96 (1909); Wild in F.Z. 2,1:

51 (1963); Compton, FI. Swaziland 56 (1966);

Ross, FI. Natal 241 (1972). Type: Botswana,

Ngamiland, Kwebe Hills, Lugard 92a (K,

holo.!).

G. pilosa sensu Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam. Rehm. 58

(1887), pro parte.

This species has a rather greyish, short

pubescence like that of G. bicolor (no. 9) but

a leaf-shape quite unlike the elliptic-oblong or

lanceolate leaves of that species and agreeing

instead with G. monticola (no. 10). Its leaves

are asymmetrically cordate and oblong-ovate

to ovate, sometimes broadest in the upper

half. The leaf-texture is not so thin as in G.

bicolor , nor so leathery as in G. monticola. In

all respects it seems morphologically to be

about halfway between G. monticola and G.

bicolor.

Very common in Transvaal, Natal, Swaziland and

South West Africa/Namibia. Also in Botswana, Zim-

babwe, Zambia and Malawi. Map 5.

Vouchers: Acocks 8807; Codd 4792; 6369; 6760;

Gerstner 5867.

It is suggested that this species may be of hybrid ori-

gin having G. bicolor and G. monticola as parents; it is

known throughout the common range ol these two species

except for Mozambique and does not occur beyond it. It

is apparently fertile but morphologically intermediate be-

tween these two species. The only other way to deal with

this problem would be to consider the whole complex, in-

cluding both G. bicolor and G. monticola , as one species

under G. bicolor , the oldest name. These two species,

however, are so different that even the most ardent lump-

er would hesitate to unite them and, as the evidence for

hybridisation is so strong, the present treatment is felt to

be more logical. This is not proof of the hypothesis, how-

ever, which must await the outcome of breeding experi-

ments which in woody species such as these will take some

years to carry out. Meanwhile we may retain the name G.

subspathulata as a provisional measure, without indicating

definitely, in the absence of proof, that we are dealing

with a hybrid.

I have not been able to see the type of G. rubescens

Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 181, fig. L, 1910 (Seiner 15) and it is

probably destroyed. It was collected near the Serue

stream in the Northern Cape and judging by the descrip-

tion it belongs to this same hybrid complex and should

probably be united with G. subspathulata. It is one of the

forms common in G. bicolor and G. monticola with the

basal glabrous portion of its androgynophore lacking. Be-

longs to section Axillares.

12. Grewia hornbyi Wild in Bolm Soc.

broteriana ser. 2, 31: 84 (1957); in F.Z. 2,1:

52 (1963); Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 21

(1969). Type: Mozambique, River Save,

Hornby 2497.

Shrub 2-4 m tall, branching from the

base; young branches with a short white to

brownish tomentum. Leaf-blade 15-35 x

8-20 mm, oblong-elliptic to oblong-ovate,

sparsely stellate-pubescent to glabrous and

shiny above, densely whitish-tomentose be-

low, with small tufts of brownish hairs on the

rather prominent nerves, apex obtuse, base

obliquely subcordate or rounded; petiole 2-3

mm long, stellate-tomentose; stipules 3-4

mm long, subulate. Inflorescence axillary; pe-

duncles 10-15 mm long, stellate-tomentose;

pedicels 2-4 from apex of peduncle, 3-5 mm

long; bracts 3-4 mm long, deeply trifid or

bifid, narrow; flower-buds oblong, sulcate.

Sepals 9-10 mm long, linear, 3-nerved, to-

mentellous outside, yellow and glabrous with-

in. Petals yellow 4-4,5 x 1,5-2 mm, oblong-

obovate, shortly 2-dentate at the apex, with a

1: 12

Tiliaceae

nectariferous claw, circumvillous within and

ledged above Androgynophore up to 1,5 mm

long, glabrous except for a villous apex.

Ovary shallowly 2-lobed, villous; style about

7 mm long, glabrous; stigma-lobes 4-5,

broad. Fruit globose or deeply two lobed,

lobes about 4 mm in diam., yellowish when

ripe, sparsely setulose-pubescent.

Recorded from northern Natal; also in Mozambique.

Map 6.

Vouchers: Guy 88; Ross & Molt 1803.

Related to G. monticola (no. 10) but has smaller

leaves and fruits. The narrow bracts are 2-3-fid but are

shed early and so are not present in fruiting specimens.

MAP 6. — * Grewia hornbyi

▲ Grewia Hava

13. Grewia flava DC., Cat. Hort. Monsp.

113 (1813); Prodr. 1: 509 (1824); Harv. in

F.C. 1: 225 (1860) Sim, For. FI. Cape Col.

148, t. 15 (1907); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 179

(1910); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 254 (1926);

Letty, Wild Flow. Transv. 209, 1. 104 (1962);

Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 52 (1963); Compton, FI.

Swaziland 55 (1966); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81:

7 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 240 (1972). Type: a

cultivated specimen of South African origin

(MPU, holo.!).

G. cana Sond. in Linnaea 23: 20 (1850); Harv., l.c. 225

(1860). Syntypes: Transvaal, Magaliesberg, Burke (K!);

Zeyher (K!).

G. hermannioides Harv., l.c. 226 (1860). Type: Trans-

vaal, Magaliesberg, Burke (K, holo.!).

G. bicolor var. dinteri sensu Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 177

(1910), pro parte quoad specim. Dinter 108.

Compact shrub about 2 m tall; young

branchlets greyish or greyish brown, tomen-

tellous; older branches dark purplish black.

Leaf-blade 14-70 x 7,5-25 mm, elliptic or

oblanceolate, rounded at the apex, cuneate

and equal-sided at the base, margin finely ser-

rulate to dentate, very finely and closely to-

mentellous above, rarely glabrescent, some-

what paler and more densely tomentellous

below, venation fairly prominent and reticula-

te; petiole about 2 mm long, tomentellous;

stipules about 5 mm long, subulate, tomentel-

lous. Inflorescences all axillary; peduncles

7,5-10 mm long, tomentellous; pedicels nor-

mally 1 per peduncle, up to 10 mm long, to-

mentellous; basal bracts 3-4 mm long, very

caducous, subulate, tomentellous. Buds obo-

void, slightly sulcate. Sepals about 8 mm

long, rarely up to 14 mm long, linear-lanceo-

late to linear-oblong, greenish grey tomentel-

lous without, yellow and glabrous within, 3-

nerved. Petals yellow, about § the length of

the sepals, linear-oblong to oblanceolate,

with a basal nectariferous claw circumvillous

within, ledged above and sparsely pilose out-

side. Androgynophore about 1 mm tall, gla-

brous except at the apex, not extended above

the node. Ovary villous, shallowly 2-lobed or

1- lobed by abortion, when the style is eccen-

trically placed on the ovary; style about 4 mm

long, glabrous, with flattened, broad, stigma-

lobes. Fruit about 8 mm in diam., globose or

bilobed-globose, sparsely setulose, glabres-

cent, reddish when ripe.

A species of the drier types of deciduous woodland

and bushland in Transvaal, Orange Free State, northern

Cape and South West Africa/Namibia, very rare in Natal.

Also in Botswana and Zimbabwe. In the Transvaal the

fruits are used for making an intoxicating drink and the

tough bark for basket making. The ripe fruit is edible.

Map 6.

Vouchers: Bolus 6401; Mogg 14629; Zeyher 144.

The great majority of the available material of this

species has 1-flowered peduncles but specimens with

2- and even 3-flowered peduncles occur, i.e. the type of

G. hermannioides. In spite of this fact Burret considered

G. hermannioides a synonym of G. flava and this view is

followed here, but with such material the separation of

G. flava from G. bicolor (no. 9) presents some difficulty.

In these cases the coarser texture of the leaves, the more

prominent lateral nerves, the reticulation of the tertiary

nerves and above all the symetrically cuneate leaf-bases

can be used to separate G. flava from G. bicolor.

Belongs to section Axillares.

14. Grewia hexamita Burret in Bot. Jb.

45: 184 (1910); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 254

(1926); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 55 (1963); Comp-

ton, FI. Swaziland 55 (1966); Wild & Gon-

galves in F.M. 28: 25 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal

240 (1972). Type: Transvaal, Komatipoort,

Schlechter 11780 (B, holo.t; K!).

Tiliaceae

1: 13

G. messinica Burtt Davy & Greenway in Burtt Davy,

tom. cit. 41 (1926); Codd, Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 26:

116 (1951). Type: Transvaal, Messina, Rogers 21225 (K,

holo.!).

G. schweickerdtii Burret in Bothalia 3: 244 (1937).

Type: Transvaal, Soutpansberg, Obermeyer, Schweickerdl

6 Verdoorn 120 (PRE, holo.!).

G. rliylidophylla sensu Burtt Davy, l.c.

Shrub from 2-5 m tall; young branches

ferruginously woolly, older branches with

reddish brown bark and pale lenticels. Leaf-

blade 30-100 x 25-60 mm, elliptic to ob-

long-elliptic, rounded or acute at the apex,

asymmetrically cordate at the base, margin

serrate, somewhat revolute, glabrous and

somewhat rugose above, rather shining,

nerves impressed, very densely pale yellowish

tomentose below, nerves sometimes less hairy

and brownish; petiole 2-3 mm long, or rarely

up to 6 mm, woolly tomentose at first. Inflo-

rescences all axillary on tomentose peduncles

5-10 mm long; pedicels 2-3 together, tomen-

tose, about 5 mm long; bracts up to 5 mm

long, ovate to lanceolate, glabrous inside, pu-

bescent outside. Buds oblong-ovoid. Sepals

18-26 mm long, linear-oblong, golden brown

tomentose on the back, glabrous and yellow

within. Petals with a suborbicular blade up to

7 mm in diam. with a basal nectariferous claw

up to 2 mm tall, shortly ledged above, cir-

cumvillous on the inner margin and pilose at

the back. Androgynophore with a very stout,

glabrous lower portion up to 2 mm tall, pro-

duced into a pilose upper portion up to 2 mm

tall. Ovary 2-lobed or 1-lobed by abortion,

silky villous; style up to 10 mm long, gla-

brous; stigma-lobes about 4, rounded and di-

lated. Fruit deeply divided into two globose

lobes, or 1-lobed, each lobe up to 20 mm in

diam., pilose, reddish, shining. Fig. 1: 1.

A common species of deciduous bushland in the val-

leys of the Komati and the Limpopo Rivers in Transvaal,

Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Also recorded from Swazi-

land and Zululand. Map 7.

Vouchers: Codd & De Winter 5005; Compton 29461;

30190; Gerstner 5712.

A very tine species with large handsome flowers.

Belongs to section Axillares.

15. Grewia inaequilatera Garcke in

Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 1: 134 (1861);

Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 245 (1868); Burret in Bot.

Jb. 45: 183 (1910); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1:

255 (1926); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 54 (1963); Wild

& Gongalves in F.M. 28: 23 (1969). Type:

Mozambique, Sena, Peters 28 (B, holo.j; K!).

MAP 7. — * Grewia hexamita

• Grewia inaequilatera

® Grewia inaequilatera and G. hexamita

▲ Grewia schinzii

Shrub or small tree up to 7 m tall with

spreading or scandent branches; young

branchlets stellate-pilose, soon becoming

brown and glabrous, older branches pale

grey. Leaf-blade 50-180 x 25-75 mm oblong

to oblong-obovate, acute or abruptly acumi-

nate at the apex, rounded and markedly asym-

metric at the base, margin serrate, less so to-

wards the base, green and glabrous above,

with a fine white or greyish tomentum in the

nerve interspaces below, nerves reticulate and

sparsely hispid; petiole up to 10 mm long with

a tufted stellate pubescence, widening some-

what at the base; stipules 6 mm long with a

2,5 mm long apiculus, semicircular, greyish

tomentose, very caducous, and present only

in bud. Inflorescences always axillary; pedun-

cles up to 10 mm long with scattered tufts of

brown stellate hairs; pedicels similar, 2-3 to-

gether, about 6 mm long; bracts about 5 mm

long, obovate to oblong, stellate-pubescent.

Buds ellipsoid. Sepals about 16 mm long, lin-

ear-oblong, with tufted stellate hairs outside,

bright yellow and glabrous inside. Petals yel-

low, 7,5 mm long, suborbicular to very broad-

ly obovate, margins slightly undulate with a

basal nectariferous claw less than 1 mm long

(very small for the genus), pubescent all over

its surface within, ledged above, glabrous on

the back. Androgynophore about 5 mm tall,

glabrous but with tufts of hair at its base. Sta-

mens very numerous, about 4-seriate. Ovary

2-lobed, pubescent; style about 7 mm long,

glabrous; stigma with about 4 broad lobes.

Fruit divided almost to the peduncle into 2

1: 14

Tiliaceae

globose lobes, each about 13 mm in diam.,

yellow when ripe, very sparsely stellate-pu-

bescent.

A species of low altitude (subtropical) river valleys in

Transvaal. Also in Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique;

either a thicket-forming species on fertile alluvial soils, or

scrambling in riverine fringes, or in deciduous bushland.

Fruit edible. Map 7.

Vouchers: Acocks 16792; Codd 5398; 7779.

Belongs to section Axillares.

16. Grewia schinzii K. Schum. in Bot. Jb.

15: 124 (1892); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 183

(1910); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 55 (1963); Roessl. in

F.S.W.A. 81: 8 (1963). Type: South West

Africa/Namibia, Ovambo, Schinz 393 (Z,

holo.!).

G. pinacostigma K. Schum. in Warb., Kunene-Samb.

Exped. 298 (1903). Type: Angola, Kavango, Baum 420.

Shrub or small tree, branching from the

base as a rule, main stems up to about 120

mm in diam., young branches ferruginously

tomentose, glabrous with age and becoming

brown with pale lenticels; crown rounded.

Leaf-blade 40-140 x 25-90 mm, obliquely

oblong to broadly obovate-oblong, apex

acute, obtuse or broadly rounded, base asym-

metrically rounded or subcordate, margin

coarsely and irregularly serrate, green and

shortly stellate-tomentose above, densely

greyish brown tomentose below, lateral

nerves in about 4 pairs; petiole up to 10 mm

long, ferruginously hairy; stipules about 6 mm

long, obliquely lanceolate-subulate. Inflores-

cences all axillary, with densely ferruginous -

tomentose peduncles up to 15 mm long; ped-

icels 2-3 together, up to 5 mm long, ferrugi-

nously tomentose; bracts about 5 mm long,

entire, oblong-lanceolate, ferruginously to-

mentose on the back, almost glabrous within.

Buds oblong, slightly sulcate. Sepals 10-

14 mm long, narrowly oblong, with a tufted

stellate tomentum on the back, glabrous in-

side. Petals yellow, 6-8 mm long, obovate to

orbicular, with a basal nectariferous claw cir-

cumvillous within, ledged above and glabrous

on the back. Androgynophore 1,5 mm tall,

glabrous except at the villous apex, not elong-

ated above the node. Ovary densely pilose,

2-lobed, up to 10 mm long; style glabrous,

with about 4 broad stigmatic lobes. Fruit

yellowish, normally very deeply 2-lobed, each

lobe about 7,5 mm in diam., sparsely stellate-

ly pilose.

A species of open bush or woodland near the An-

golan and Botswana borders of South West Africa/Nami-

bia. Often grows near rivers and on termite mounds.

Found also in the neighbouring areas of Zambia, Angola,

Botswana and Zimbabwe. Map 7.

Vouchers: De Winter & Leistner 5292; De Winter &

Marais 4588; 4703.

Belongs to section Axillares.

17. Grewia sulcata Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 252

(1868); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 188 (1910);

Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 255 (1926); Codd,

Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 26: 118 (1951); Wild

in F.Z. 2,1: 56 (1963); Wild A Gonsalves in

F.M. 28: 27 (1969). Syntypes: Mozambique,

Shupanga, Kirk 358 (K!); Luabo R., Kirk s.n.

(K!): Zimbabwe or Botswana, S. of Zambesi

River. Baines s.n. (K!).

Frect or straggling shrub 2-3 m tall;

young branches and inflorescences ferrugi-

nously tomentose. Leaf-blade 20-70 x 15-45

mm, obovate or occasionally oblong, rounded

or bluntly acuminate at the apex, rounded or

slightly cordate at the slightly asymmetrical

base, crenate-dentate, slightly scabrous

above, hispid or tomentose below, secondary

venation rather prominent below; petiole up

to 5 mm, hispid or tomentellous; stipules

about 2 mm long, linear, caducous. Inflores-

cences mostly at the ends of the branchlets,

usually more than 3-flowered; peduncles

10-15 mm long, ferruginously hairy; pedicels

similar, about 10 mm long; bracts up to 2,5

mm long, hairy on the outside, entire, lanceo-

late-linear. Buds oblong, slightly inflated at

the base, slightly constricted above the base.

Sepals 12,5-17,5 mm long, linear-oblong, ru-

fous-tomentose outside, glabrous and white

within. Petals white, 7,5-13 mm long, nar-

rowly triangular, tapering to the apex, with a

basal nectariferous claw circumvillous within,

ledged above. Androgynophore up to 1,5 mm

tall, glabrous below, sulcate, elongated above

the node into a tomentellous upper portion

2-3,5 mm tall. Ovary globose, 4-lobed; stig-

ma with 4-5 broad lobes. Fruit 15-20 mm in

diam., 4-lobed, sparingly hispid, slightly

fleshy.

A species of low altitude river valleys from the

Transvaal to Tanzania; common on sandy river banks.

Fruit edible. Map 8.

Vouchers: Codd 5405; 8284; Rogers 4812.

Belongs to section Grewia (= section Oppositiflorae

Burret).

18. Grewia rogersii Burtt Davy & Green-

way in Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 41 (1926).

Type: Transvaal, Waterberg Distr., Sand-

rivierspoort, Rogers 24934 (K, holo.!).

Tiliaceae

1: 15

MAPS. — * Grewia sulcata

▲ Grewia rogersii

• Grewia tenax

® Grewia tenax and G. sulcata

Small spreading bush or shrub up to 5 m

tall; young branches brown tomentellous, lat-

er glabrescent with purplish brown bark.

Leaf-blade up to 70 x 37 mm, oblong-elliptic

or oblong-ovate, apex acute or obtuse, base

rounded and often somewhat asymmetric,

margin serrate, rather shining, dark green (or

bronze in dried specimens) minutely and

sparsely stellate-puberulent above, whitish or

very pale brownish tomentose below with

prominent nerves; petiole up to 5 mm long,

whitish or brownish tomentose; stipules up to

6 mm long, very caducous, subulate, tomen-

tellous. Inflorescences apparently axillary,

usually 3-flowered; peduncles up to 15 mm

long, tomentose; pedicels similar, about 10 mm

long; bracts very caducous, not seen. Sepals

about 9 x 1,5 mm, linear-oblong, apex acute

or subacute, tomentose outside, 3-nerved,

glabrous within. Petals yellow, about f the

length of the sepals, narrowly obovate-ob-

long, basal nectariferous claw not wider than

the base of the blade, about 1 mm long, cir-

cumvillous within but not very densely so.

Androgynophore with a basal glabrous por-

tion 1 mm long, tomentose at the apex but

scarcely produced beyond the basal glabrous

portion. Ovary 4-lobed, densely villous; style

3-5 mm long, glabrous, stigma-lobes broad.

Fruit (slightly immature) 9 mm in diam., very

deeply 4-lobed, tomentellous and with longer

brownish hairs.

Known only from the Waterberg, Transvaal, and ap-

parently rather rare; on rocky hillsides. Map 8.

Vouchers: Codd 987; Galpin 11681; 13440.

This species was stated by its authors to be related to

G. madandensis J.R. Drummond (= G. bicolor Juss.)

which is in section Axillares Burret. Although the inflores-

cences are certainly not opposite the leaves, they are in

fact somewhat extra-axillary and, what is much more im-

portant in this connection, the ovary and fruit are very

deeply 4-lobed; it is better placed, therefore, in section

Grewia ( = section Uppostlifiora Burret) lor the time be-

ing although it is obviously somewhat intermediate be-

tween the two sections. The fact that its flowers are yellow

rather than pink, mauve or white, also points to this con-

clusion.

19. Grewia tenax (Forssk.)Fiori in

Agric. Colon. 5, Suppl. 23 (1912); Wild in F.Z.

2,1: 59 (1963). Type: Arabia, Forsskal (BM,

holo.!; C).

Chadara tenax Forssk., FI. Aegypt. Arab, cxiv, 105

(1775). Grewia populifolia Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 33 (1790);

Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 246 (1868); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 192

(1910), nom. illegit. Type: as above.

G. betulaefolia Juss. in Ann. Mus. natn. Hist. nat.

4: 92, t. 50, fig. 1 (1804). Type: Senegal, Adanson (P,

holo.!).

G. betulifolia Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2,8:

700 (1908). Type: South West Africa/Namibia, Ovambo,

Omolanga, Schinz 391 (Z, holo.!).

G. rupestris Dinter & Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boissier

ser. 2,8: 702 (1908). Type: South West Africa/Namibia:

Hereroland, Omaruru, Dinter 1428 (Z, holo.!).

Small shrub up to 2 m tall, branches

glabrescent. Leaf -blade up to 30 x 20 mm,

orbicular to obovate, broadly rounded at the

apex, rounded or abruptly cuneate at the

base, rather coarsely dentate, slightly sca-

brous-pubescent with tufted hairs, especially

below, or glabrescent; greyish green, coria-

ceous; petiole up to 10 mm long but usually

much less, pubescent with tufted hairs; stipu-

les up to 4 mm long, filiform, pubescent.

Flowers always borne singly, leaf-opposed;

peduncles about 10 mm long, almost glab-

rous, slender; pedicels similar, up to 10 mm

long, the whole giving the appearance of an

articulated pedicel; bracts about 1,5 mm long,

glabrescent. Sepals greenish, 10-18 mm long,

shortly pubescent outside, white and glabrous

inside, linear-oblong. Petals white with a lin-

ear and often bidentate lamina almost as long

as the sepals and narrower than the basal nec-

tariferous claw which is circumvillous within,

ledged above and up to 1,5 mm tall. Andro-

gynophore with a basal glabrous portion up

to 1,5 mm tall and a closely pubescent upper

portion up to 1,5 mm tall. Ovary 4-lobed,

glabrous or glabrescent; style about 10 mm

long, glabrous; stigma-lobes broad. Fruit

1: 16

Tiliaceae

about 10 mm in diam., 4-lobed, shining, glab-

rous.

A species of dry woodland or semi-desert scrub in

Transvaal and South West Africa/Namibia. Widespread in

Africa northwards through Zimbabwe and Angola to

Senegal and through tropical East Africa to Ethiopia and

the Arabian Peninsula. Map 8.

Vouchers: Codd & Dyer 3847; De Winter 3128;

Merxmiiller & Giess 1590.

Belongs to section Grewia.

20. Grewia occidentalis L., Sp. PI. 2: 964

(1753); Curtis’s bot. Mag. 12: t. 422 (1798);

DC., Prodr. 1: 511 (1824); Harv. in F.C.

1: 225 (1860); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 246 (1868);

Wood & Evans, Natal Plants 3,1: 6, t. 210

(1900); Sim, For. FI. Cape Col. 147, t. 18, fig.

1 (1907); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 191 (1910);

Stoneman, Plants and their ways in S. Afr.

edn 2: 329 (1915); Marloth, FI. S. Afr. 2: 170,

t. 60, fig. A (1925); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv.

1: 255 (1926); Adamson in Adamson & Salter,

FI. Cape Penins. 577 (1950); Letty, Wild

Flow. Transv. 209, t. 104 (1962); Wild in F.Z.

2,1: 58 (1963); Compton, FI. Swaziland 56

(1966); Wild & Gonsalves in F.M. 28: 30

(1969); Jacot Guillarmod, FI. Lesotho 209

(1971); Ross, FI. Natal 241 (1972). Type:

Cape (Herb. Linn., holo.!).

G. pentheri Gandoger in Bull. Soc. bot. Fr. 60: 457

(1913). Type: Cape, Nalogha, Penther & Krook 2248

(LY, holo.!).

G. rudatisii Burret in Notizbl. bot. Gart. Mus. Berl.

9: 869 (1926). Type: Natal, Durban, Winkle Spruit, Rudatis

1499 (B, holo.t; BM!; K!).

G. columnaris sensu Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam. Rehm.

56 (1887).

G. angolensis sensu Szyszyl., l.c. 58 (1887).

Shrub or small tree up to 3 m tall with

rather slender glabrescent branchlets. Leaf-

blade 20-40 (-50) x 10-20 (-30) mm, lan-

ceolate, rhomboid-lanceolate or obovate-lan-

ceolate, acute or rounded at the apex, subcu-

neate, rounded, or slightly cordate at the

base, glabrous or slightly stellate-pubescent

on both sides, crenate or crenate-dentate,

rather thin-textured; petiole up to 13 mm

long, glabrescent; stipules up to 4 mm long,

linear, pubescent, caducous. Inflorescences

leaf-opposed, l(-3)-flowered; peduncles up

to 15 mm long, slender, glabrescent; pedicels

similar, up to 12 mm long. Sepals up to 17,5 mm

long, linear-oblong, pubescent and greenish

outside, purplish or pink inside. Petals pur-

ple, mauve, pinkish or very rarely white, up

to 14 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, with a

basal nectariferous claw circumvillous within,

ledged above and 1 mm tall. Androgynophore

glabrous below for 1 mm, prolonged above

into a densely pubescent portion up to 3 mm

long. Ovary densely hairy, 4-lobed; style up

to 10 mm long, glabrous; stigma-lobes broad.

Fruit up to 25 mm in diam., 4-lobed, shining,

glabrescent, reddish purple, somewhat fleshy.

Shrub or small tree found at forest edges and in for-

est clearings, also in coastal bush or occasionally a climber

in closed forest. Widespread in the wetter parts of the

Cape, Natal, Orange Free State, Transvaal, Lesotho and

Swaziland, very rare in South West Africa/Namibia and

also in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Map 9.

Vouchers: Compton 30134; Flanagan 2376; Galpin

9131; 12024; Verdoorn 684; 784.

A very variable species in leaf-shape and leaf-size.

This is the type species of the genus and belongs therefore

to section Grewia.

A rare form with unusually small, rather densely

stellate-pubescent leaves is represented in South West

Africa/Namibia by Breyer in TRV 20669 from Klein Na-

mutoni; it is the same as G. mossamedensis Exell & Men-

donga from southern Angola but this is not in my opinion a

distinct species. Forms resembling it very closely are

found in the Transvaal and Natal, i.e. Verdoorn 117 from

Pretoria and Letty 228 from Port Shepstone.

The South West Africa/Namibia specimen is the only

record in that area, whereas Verdoorn 117 etc. are among

many other representatives of the species.

MAP 9. — ▲ Grewia occidentalis

* Grewia pondoensis and G. occidentalis

21. Grewia pondoensis Burret in Bot. Jb.

45: 190 (1910). Type: Transkei, Pondoland,

Bachmann 860 (B, holo.t).

Small tree or scrambler up to 5 m tall;

branchlets glabrous. Leaf-blade 40-80 x

20-50 mm, coriaceus, glabrous and usually

shiny above, apex obtuse to subacute, base

obtuse to rounded, margin subentire; petiole

Tiliaceae

1: 17

up to 15 mm long; stipules 2-3 mm long, lin-

ear, caducous. Inflorescence leaf-opposed, 1

(-3)-flowered; peduncles up to 10 mm long,

glabrous; pedicels up to 15 mm long, slender,

shortly stellate-pubescent. Sepals 15 mm long,

linear-oblong, pubescent and greenish out-

side, pinkish inside. Petals pink, 13-15 mm

long, oblong-oblanceolate, with a basal nec-

tariferous portion 2,5 mm long, circumvillous,

ridged above. Androgynophore glabrous be-

low for 1 mm, prolonged above into a densely

pubescent portion 1,5 mm long. Ovary dense-

ly hairy, 4-lobed; style 10 mm long, glabrous;

stigma broad. Fruit 4-lobed, shining, glabres-

cent, brown to blackish, somewhat fleshy.

Found as a scrambler in coastal bush, in Pondoland

and the extreme south of Natal. Map 9.

Vouchers: Acocks 13263; Strey 7201; Van Wyk 5286;

5323.

Related to G. occidentalis (no. 20) but the leaves are

larger, thicker-textured and shinier on the upper surface,

with entire or subentire margins. The holotype in B has

unfortunately been destroyed and no further material of

the type gathering has been located but, judging by the

description, there is little doubt that it applies to the pres-

ent concept.

22. Grewia avellana Hiern, Cat. Afr. PI.

Welw. 1: 94 (1896); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 190

(1910); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 58 (1963); Roessl. in

F.S.W.A. 81: 6 (1969). Type: Angola, Huila,

Morro de Lopolo, Welwitsch 1379 (BM,

holo.!;COI!;K!;LISU!).

G. guazumaefolia sensu Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 245 (1868);

Burret, l.c. 45:201 (1910).

G. calycina N.E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1909: 97 (1909).

Type: Botswana, Botletle Valley, Lugard 237 (K, holo.!).

G. hydrophila K. Schum. in Warb., Kunene-Samb.

Exped. 297 (1903). Type: Angola, Kuito, Baum 535.

G. perennans K. Schum., l.c. 298 (1903). Type: An-

gola, Kubango, Baum 289.

Rounded bush with yellowish brown,

densely pubescent branchlets, glabrescent and

dark brown with age. Leaf -blade 20-45 x

15-30 mm, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, obtuse or

acute at the apex, rounded at the base, cre-

nate-dentate, softly pubescent on both sides;

petiole up to 2,5 mm long, densely pubescent.

Inflorescences terminal and leaf-opposed,

2-3 flowered; peduncles densely pubescent,

up to 10 mm long; pedicels similar, 2-3 mm

long; bracts pubescent, divided into 2-3 fili-

form segments, up to 10 mm long. Sepals up

to 17 mm long, linear-lanceolate, acute at the

apex, greenish and tomentellous outside,

white and glabrous inside. Petals white, about

2-3 mm long, with a shortly triangular lamina

and a nectariferous claw larger and wider

than the lamina, circumvillous within and

ledged above. Androgynophore about 1,5 mm

tall, glabrous at the base, pubescent at the

apex at the insertion of the stamens but not

elongated. Ovary villous, 4-lobed; style about

10 mm long, glabrous; stigma-lobes broad.

Fruit up to 25 mm in diam., deeply 4-lobed,

blackish when ripe, rather fleshy, very sparse-

ly setulose.

A species of the drier types of woodland and often

found on Kalahari Sand soils. Spreads from the sandy re-

gions of the western Transvaal to South West Africa/Na-

mibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Angola. The

fruit is unusually large and fleshy for the genus and is edi-

ble. Map 10.

Vouchers; Dinter 7310; Meeuse 10788; Strey 2675.

Belongs to section Grewia.

MAP 10. — 4 Grewia avellana

* Grewia pachycalyx

23. Grewia pachycalyx K. Schum. in Bot.

Jb. 15: 123 (1892); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 196

(1910); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 61 (1963); Wild &

Gongalves in F.M. 28: 33 (1969). Type: East

Africa (Tanzania), Fischer (B, holo.t).

G. occidentalis sensu O.B. Mill, in J1 S. Afr. Bot. 18:

53 (1953).

Shrub, sometimes scandent, up to 5 m

tall; branchlets rather pale or reddish-pubes-

cent, soon becoming glabrous. Leaf-blade 60-

150 x 25-60 mm, oblong-lanceolate, sub-

rhombic or narrowly obovate, apex acute or

shortly acuminate, base rounded or subcu-

neate, margin finely crenate-dentate, thin tex-

tured, finely pubescent above when young but

soon glabrous, finely but more densely pubes-

cent below and also eventually glabrous; pe-

1: 18

Tiliaceae

tide up to 8 mm long, pubescent; stipules up

to 14 mm long, lanceolate-acuminate, with a

dorsal keel, pubescent. Inflorescences oppo-

site the leaves, l-4(-9)-flowered; penduncles

up to 2 mm long, pubescent; pedicels up to 15

mm long, pubescent; bracts about 2 mm long,

shortly triangular. Sepals 15-22 x 3,5-5 mm,

linear-oblong, hooded but not thickened at

the apex, greenish-pubescent outisde, white

and glabrous inside. Petals white, up to 15 x

10 mm, ovate-lanceolate; blade much wider

than the nectariferous claw, circumvillous and

ledged above. Androgynophore with a lower

glabrous portion up to 1,5 mm long and an

elongated pubescent upper portion up to 4,5

mm long. Ovary 4-lobed, pubescent; style up

to 10 mm long, finely stellate-pubescent or

glabrous except at the base; stigma-lobes

broad. Fruit orange-red when ripe, about 20

mm in diam., 4-lobed, shining, glabrescent.

A thicket-forming species along rivers. Recorded

from the Caprivi Strip, South West Africa/Namibia and

also found in Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi,

Mozambique and Tanzania. Map 10.

Vouchers: Codd 7099; Killick & Leistner 3306.

Belongs to section Grewia.

24. Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv.

in F.C. 1: 226 (1860); Drege, Zwei Pfl. Doc.

188 (1843), nom. nud.; Burret in Bot. Jb. 45:

196 (1910); Ross, FI. Natal 240 (1972). Syn-

types: Natal, between Umtata and Durban,

Drege ; Natal, Gueinzius (BM!; K!); Trans-

kei, Bowker.

Shrub or sometimes with straggling or

climbing branches up to about 5 m tall: young

branches coarsely stellate-pubescent but soon

becoming purplish brown and glabrous. Leaf-

blade up to 150 x 150 mm but usually about

80x70 mm, broadly ovate or broadly obo-

vate to almost orbicular, apex rounded to ob-

tuse, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin

coarsely crenate-dentate, slightly scabrous-

pubescent above, more densely and softly pu-

bescent below, strongly 3-nerved from the

base; petiole up to 20 mm long, coarsely stel-

late-pubescent; stipules very caducous, not

seen. Inflorescences 2-4-flowered, opposite

the leaves; peduncles 10-20 mm long, dense-

ly ferruginously hirsute; pedicels similar,

5-10 mm long, expanding to 20 mm long in

fruit; bracts caducous, up to 12 x 7 mm, lan-

ceolate to ovate, apex acute, densely ap-

pressed-tomentose on both sides. Sepals

13-17 x 3-5 mm, narrowly oblong, apex

acute, only slightly hooded, ferruginously to-

mentose outside, glabrous inside. Petals pink,

about | the length of the sepals, blade nar-

rowly oblong-elliptic, basal nectariferous claw

3-4 mm long, slightly wider than the blade,

very densely circumvillous, ledged above.

Androgynophore glabrous below for about

3 mm, tomentose above for about 1,5 mm.

Ovary 4-lobed, densely villous; style 10 mm

long, glabrous; stigma-lobes broad. Fruit up

to 20 mm in diam., somewhat fleshy, 4-lobed,

coarsely and eventually rather sparsely hir-

sute.

A forest margin species in Natal and the Cape Prov-

ince. Map 11.

Vouchers; Acocks 10945; Flanagan 337; Medley

Wood 12360.

Belongs to section Grewia.

MAP 11. — • Grewia lasiocarpa

* Grewia hispida

® Grewia hispida and G. lasiocarpa

4 Grewia robusta

25. Grewia hispida Harv. in F.C. 1: 226

(1860); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 196 (1910);

Ross, FI. Natal 240 (1972). Type: Natal, Dur-

ban, Sanderson 33 (K!; TCD, holo.!).

G. megalocarpa sensu Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam.

Rehm. 57 (1887).

Small shrub with coarsely pubescent

branchlets which are eventually glabrescent

with a purplish bark. Leaf-blade up to 35 x

23 mm, ovate to broadly obovate or some-

what obovate, apex rounded or rarely suba-

cute, base rounded, margin coarsely serrate,

rather harshly stellate-pubescent on both

sides, slightly paler below, venation promi-

nent below; petiole 1-2,5 mm long, coarsely

pubescent; stipules up to about 3 mm long.

Tiliaceae

1: 19

subulate, pubescent. Inflorescences opposite

the leaves, 1 -3-flowered; peduncles up to

about 5 mm long, tomentose; pedicels simi-

lar, up to about 5 mm long; bracts up to 7 mm

long, linear to linear-lanceolate, densely ap-

pressed-pubescent outside, more sparsely so

within. Sepals up to 15 x 5 mm, narrowly ob-

long-elliptic, apex acute and only very slightly

hooded, tomentose outside, glabrous within.

Petals pink or lilac, almost as long as the se-

pals, blade narrowly elliptic, basal nectarifer-

ous claw 2 mm long, somewhat wider than

the base of the lamina, circumvillous and

ledged above. Androgynophore glabrous for

about 1,5 mm below, tomentose for 0,5-

1 mm above. Ovary 4-lobed, densely villous

or hispid; style about 7 mm long, glabrous;

stigma-lobes broad. Fruit about 17 mm in

diam., 4-lobed, rather fleshy, sparsely hispid.

A species of thornveld and mixed scrubland in Natal,

the southern Transvaal, and eastern Orange Free State.

Map 11.

Vouchers: Acocks 9894; Codd 2382; Medley Wood

8088.

Belongs to section Grewia.

26. Grewia robusta Burch., Trav. 2: 133

(1824); Burret in Bot. Jb. 45: 195 (1910).

Type: Cape, Sneeuberg Mts, Burchell 2845

(K, holo.!; PRE!).

G. krebsiana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3,2; 26 (1898). Type:

Cape, Beaufort West, Krebs 42 (B, holo.t).

G.flava sensu Harv. in F.C. 1: 225 (1860).

Small bush up to about 3 m tall, young

branches densely stellate-puberulent or to-

mentellous, later glabrescent with smooth

greyish or greyish purple bark; branches

rather stiff. Leaves often clustered on abbre-

viated side-shoots; leaf-blade up to 20 x 16

mm, broadly elliptic, obovate, broadly ovate

or rotund, apex obtuse, base rounded or

slightly cordate, margin finely crenate or al-

most entire, densely stellate-puberulent

above at first but soon glabrescent, greyish to-

mentellous below; petiole 1-2 mm long, to-

mentellous; stipules about 2 mm long, cadu-

cous, linear, tomentellous. Inflorescences

reduced to a single flower opposite the leaves;

peduncles 2-3 mm long, tomentellous; ped-

icels similar; bracts linear, similar to the se-

pals, very caducous. Sepals up to 15 x 3 mm,

linear-lanceolate, apex subacute, 3-nerved

and tomentellous outside, glabrous within.

Petals pink or mauve, slightly shorter than the

sepals, blade narrowly elliptic, basal nectari-

ferous claw scarcely wider than the base of

the blade, 1,5 mm long, circumvillous within

but not very densely so, pubescent at the

back, ledged above. Androgynophore with a

basal glabrous portion about 1 mm long, to-

mentose at the apex but scarcely produced

beyond the basal glabrous portion except in

fruit when this portion may attain a length of

about 1 mm. Ovary shallowly 4-lobed, dense-

ly hirsute; style about 7 mm long, slender,

glabrous; stigma-lobes broad. Fruit purplish,

about 17 mm in diam., deeply 4-lobed often

only 2 present, fleshy, sparsely hispid.

Confined to the Cape Province. A species of dense

scrub. Readily browsed by cattle. Map 11.

Vouchers: Acocks 11863; Killick 818; Marloth 11290.

Belongs to section Grewia.

1: 20

Tiliaceae

4975 2. TRIUMFETTA

Triumfetta L., Sp. PI. 444 (1753); Gen. PI. edn 5: 203 (1754); DC., Prodr. 1: 506 (1824);

Harv. in F.C. 1: 227 (1860); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 254 (1868); Sprague & Hutch, in J. Linn.

Soc., Bot. 39: 231 (1909); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 256 (1926); Exell & Mendonqa,

C.F.A. 1: 225 (1951); Hutch. & Dalz., F.W.T.A. edn 2,1,2: 309 (1958); Wild in F.Z. 2,1:

63 (1963); Wilczek in F.C.B. 10: 4 (1963); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81: 9 (1969); Wild & Gon-

salves in F.M. 28: 37 (1969); R. A. Dyer, Gen. 1: 354 (1975). Type species: T. lappula L.

(tropical Ameria).

Annual or perennial herbs, suffrutices or shrubs, sometimes having annual stems

from a woody rootstock. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, lobed or digitately divided,

serrate or crenate, often several-nerved from the base; stipules lateral. Flowers actinomor-

phic, yellow or orange, borne in cymes in terminal inflorescences or at the nodes. Sepals

5, usually linear and with a short horn just behind the apex, usually stellately hairy with-

out. Petals 5, linear to obovate, narrowed to the base, and often hairy at the base or just

above it. Stamens 4-40, raised on a short androgynophore or torus which is glabrous and

has a glandular patch just above each petal base; apex of androgynophore produced into a

ciliate or pubescent or villous disc or annulus between which and the ovary the stamens

are inserted. Ovary often tubercled or echinulate, each tubercle surmounted by one or

more minute bristles, 2-5-locular with 2 pendulous collateral ovules in each loculus or fal-

sely 10-locular by the intrusion of longitudinal false septa; style terete, about as long as

stamens; stigma entire or very shortly 2-5-lobed. Fruit a capsule, usually globose, some-

times ovoid, echinate or setose, indehiscent or dividing into 2-5 valves with 1-2 seeds per

loculus. Seeds obovoid or subreniform; testa rather leathery and brown; embryo straight;

cotyledons flat, suborbicular; endosperm fleshy, scanty.

A large genus widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics but particularly com-

mon in Africa, with 10 species in Southern Africa. Many species are weeds of cultivation

and waste places and early colonisers of fallows or abandoned cultivation; others are fre-

quent in forest clearings and forest margins; many of them are used for the production of

native fibres.

1 Fruits indehiscent with rather weak, slender plumose bristles; erect shrubs or perennials with a woody

rootstock; cymes solitary at the nodes:

2 Small shrubs; sepals stellately pilose outside; mature fruit 30-40 mm in diam \.T. sonderi

2 Perennial with annual stems from a woody rhizome; sepals golden tomentellous or tomentose outside;

mature fruit up to about 22 mm in diam.:

3 Indumentum on young leaves stellate-pubescent and tomentellous on nerve interspaces, at least be-

neath, and retaining some vestiges of tomentum with age 2(a). T. welwitschii var. welwitschii

3 Indumentum on young leaves of scattered simple hairs sometimes mixed with stellate hairs

2(b). T. welwitschii var. hirsuta

1 Fruits dehiscent or indehiscent with rigid bristles or prickles terminated by a single straight or curved

spinule or by a crown of 2-5 minute setae; annuals or perennials; cymes several at the nodes:

4 Prickles or bristles on fruit terminated by a single straight or curved spinule:

5 Stems prostrate or trailing; leaf-blades broadly elliptic to very broadly ovate, apex obtuse or acute,

base rounded or subcordate 3. T. obtusicornis

5 Stems erect; leaf-blades usually more or less ovate-acuminate, sometimes lobed, apex acuminate:

6 Prickles on fruit straight 10. T. tomentosa

6 Prickles on fruit hooked or falcate:

7 Fruit about 5-8 mm in diam. including the prickles:

8 Prickles glabrous, body of fruit stellate-tomentose; stamens 15 or more:

9 Leaves broadly ovate to subrotund, base cordate, up to 35 mm long, drying grey-green; per-

ennial shrub 4.7’. benguelensis

9 Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, often 3-lobed, obtuse to rounded at the

base, usually more than 35 mm long, drying brownish; annual or per-

ennial 5. T. rhomboidea

8 Prickles ciliate on one side; stamens 5-13 6. T. pentandra

Tiliaceae

1: 21

7 Fruit 10 mm in diam. or more:

10 Prickles on fruit glabrous or very nearly so:

11 Leaves membranous with simple hairs; sepals 2,5-5 mm long .... 7(a). T. annua forma annua

11 Leaves chartaceous to coriaceous, coarsely stellate-pubescent or stellate-tomentose

on both sides:

12 Cauline leaves at least 70 mm long 8(b). T. pilosa var. effusa

12 Cauline leaves 25-50 mm long 9. T. delicatula

10 Prickles on fruit conspicuously pilose:

13 Leaves membranous with simple hairs 7(b). T. annua forma piligera

13 Leaves not membranous, densely stellately hairy or tomentose:

14 Prickles on fruit with falcate spinules at the tip 10. T. tomentosa

14 Prickles on fruit strongly uncinate 8(a). T. pilosa var. tomentosa

4 Prickles on fruit terminated by a crown of 2-5 minute setae 11.7. angolensis

1. Triumfetta sonderi Ficalho & Hiern in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., ser. 2, Bot. 2: 17

(1881); Sprague & Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc.,

Bot. 39: 250, t. 17 fig. 3 (1909); Burtt Davy,

FI. Transv. 1: 256, fig. 39 N-P (1926); Exell &

Mendonga, C.F.A. 1: 231 (1951); Letty, Wild

Flow. Transv. 208, t. 104 (1962). Type:

Transvaal, Zeyher 147 (BM, holo.!).

T. trichocarpa Sond. in Linnaea 23: 19 (1850); Harv.,

Thes. Cap. 1: 33, t. 52 (1859); F.C. 1: 228 (1860);

Szyszyl., Polypct. Thalam. Rehm. 59 (1887); non Flochst.

ex A. Rich. (1847). T. sonderiana H. Bol. in J. Linn.

Soc., Bot. 24: 173 ( 1887). Type: as above.

Small erect undershrub about 0,5 m tall

with a woody rootstock, much branched;

branches stellate-pubescent with both long

and short hairs. Leaf-blade up to 40 x 20

mm, elliptic, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-el-

liptic, apex acute or subacute, base broadly

cuneate, margin finely and irregularly den-

tate-serrate, roughly stellately pilose on both

sides, venation reticulate, especially below;

petiole up to 2 mm long, stellately pilose;

stipules about 3 mm long, subulate, pilose.

Inflorescence of axillary 2-4-flowered sub-

umbellate cymes in the upper axils; peduncle

up to 6 mm long, slender, pilose; pedicels

similar, up to 13 mm long in fruit but shorter

in flower; bracts up to 3 mm long, subulate,

pilose. Sepals 7-9 mm long, linear, apex

hooded and with a subapical horn about 1,5

mm long, stellately pilose outside. Petals yel-

low, | the length of the sepals, linear-spathu-

late or narrowly oblong-spathulate, rounded

or tridentate at the apex, pilose at the base.

Androgynophore 0,5 mm long, glabrous with

roughly circular glands opposite the petals at

its base; annulus undulate and ciliate at the

margins. Stamens 15-20, about the same

length as the petals. Ovary globose, densely

bristly, 3-locular; style about 5 mm long, very

slender. Fruit indehiscent, up to 40 mm in

diam. including the bristles; bristles about

15 mm long, very slender and very numerous,

plumose with simple or occasionally binate

setulose hairs, terminated by a single slender

seta. Fig. 2: 1.

Known so far only from the Transvaal, a species of

open grassland, woodland or roadsides. Map 12.

Vouchers: Codd 2545; Galpin 11565; Schlechter

4145.

MAP 12. — f Triumfetta sonderi

* Triumfetta welwitschii var. welwitschii

• Triumfetta welwitschii var hirsuta

® Triumfetta welwitschii var. welwitschii

and var. hirsuta

2. Triumfetta welwitschii Mast, in F.T.A.

1: 255 (1868); Exell & Mendonga, C.F.A. 1:

225 (1951); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 68 (1963); Wild

& Gongalves in F.M. 28: 40 (1969). Type:

Angola, Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch 1414

(LISU, holo.!; BM!; COI!; K!).

Perennial herb sending up annual stems

from a woody rootstock; flowers developing

before the leaves on the first shoots and some

1: 22

Tiliaceae

purely vegetative leafy shoots appearing later

in the growing season. Stems 0,2-0,45 m tall,

yellowish or greyish tomentellous, glabrescent

below. Leaf-blade 30-110 x 4-20 mm, lin-

ear-lanceolate, oblanceolate or obovate-ob-

long, tomentellous or softly pubescent, more

densely so below, or almost entirely glabrous

except when very young, apex obtuse, round-

ed, acute or apiculate, narrowly cuneate at

the base, margin entire, serrulate or conspicu-

ously serrate; petiole tomentellous, about 5 mm

long; stipules about 7 mm long, subulate-

triangular, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal,

up to 150 mm long, of small dense cymes with

the internodes elongating in fruit, closely cov-

ered with a yellowish or golden velvety to-

mentum; bracts linear, about 2,5 mm long,

silky pubescent outside. Sepals 6-10 mm

long, linear-oblong, spathulate, golden to-

mentellous outside with a subapical horn

0,25-0,5 mm long. Petals yellow, 5-9,5 x

3-5 mm spathulate-oblong to obovate,

rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex,

villous just above the base. Androgynophore

about 0,5 mm long with an annulus above

with a ciliate rim. Stamens variable in num-

ber, 20-50. Ovary globose, villous. Fruit

about 20-25 mm in diam. including the bris-

tles, globose; bristles very numerous, about 7

mm long, very slender, plumose, with 1-3

fine setae at the apex.

A very variable species of open woodland and grass-

land widespread from the Transvaal to Zaire in the west

and to Tanzania in the east. Most commonly seen in

flower just before the rains and particularly obvious after

a burn. The leaves expand and more leafy shoots develop

in the course of the rainy season.

For key to the varieties see key to species.

(a) var. welwitschii.

Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 68 (1963); Wild & Gon-

salves in F.M. 28: 42 (1969).

T. welwitschii Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 255 (1868); Sprague

& Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 253 (1909).

T. rehmatmii Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam. Rehm. 59

(1887). T. welwitschii var. rehmannii (Szyszyl.) Sprague &

Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 253 (1909); Burtt Davy,

FI. Transv. 1: 256 (1926). Type: Transvaal, Houtbosch,

Rehmann 6316 (K!; Z!).

T. mastersii Bak. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2,

Bot. 4: 6 (1894); Sprague & Hutch., l.c. 252 (1909). Type:

Malawi, Mt Malanje, Whyte 163 (K, holo.!).

Leaves stellate-pubescent and closely to-

mentellous, especially beneath and with their

undersides retaining some vestiges of tomen-

tum even when older.

Recorded from the Transvaal; otherwise the distribu-

tion of this variety is the same as that for the species as a

whole except that it is not know as yet from Zaire. Map

12.

Vouchers: Galpin 478; 11403; Gerstner 5673; Meeuse

10270; 10276.

(b) var. hirsuta (Sprague & Hutch.) Wild

in Bolm Soc. broteriana ser. 2, 31: 87 (1957);

F.Z. 2,1: 69 (1963); Ross, FI. Natal 241

(1972). Syntypes: Transvaal, Junod 605 (Z!);

607 (Z!); Thorncroft sub Wood 4353 (K!);

Galpin 478 (K!; PRE!); Bolus 7688 (K!); Ath-

erstone s.n. (K!)

T. hirsuta Sprague & Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39:

251 (1909); Weimarck in Bot. Notiser 1936: 47 (1936).

T. mastersii var. descampsii sensu Burtt Davy, FI.

Transv. 1: 256 (1926) quoad specim. Transv. & Swazi-

land.

Distinguished from var. welwitschii by its

leaves, stems etc. being glabrous except for

scattered simple setulose hairs or occasionally

with a few short scattered stellate hairs in ad-

dition.

Known from the Transvaal and Swaziland and, in ad-

dition, from Zimbabwe and Zambia. Map 12.

Vouchers: Bolus 7688; Codd 2103; 5654; Galpin

9602; 14551.

3. Triumfetta obtusicornis Sprague &

Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 261 (1909);

Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 257 (1926). Type:

Transvaal, near Middelburg, Wilms 115 (K,

holo.!; BM!).

Prostrate or trailing perennial with

branches about 1 m long; rootstock woody;

branches rather sparsely- stellate-pilose. Leaf-

blade up to 40 x 38 mm, broadly elliptic to

very broadly ovate, apex obtuse or acute,

base rounded or subcordate, margin crenate-

serrate, sparsely stellate-pubescent on the

nerves and veins, otherwise glabrous, 5-7

nerved from the base, venation reticulate on

both sides; petiole up to 6 mm long, pilose;

stipules 4-6 mm long, subulate, pilose. Flow-

ers normally in 3-flowered cymes in the upper

axils, the cymes often paired in each axil; pe-

duncles up to 7 mm long, stellate-pubescent;

pedicels similar, up to 8 mm long; bracts

about 3 mm long, subulate, pilose. Sepals

about 8 mm long, linear, hooded at the apex,

with a rather stout subapical horn 1 mm long,

rather densely stellate-pilose outside. Petals

yellow, almost as long as the sepals, oblan-

ceolate, pilose at the base. Androgynophore

0,3 mm long, glabrous, with suborbicular

glands opposite the petal bases; annulus un-

Tiliaceae 1: 23

FIG. 2.-1, Triumfetta sonderi, flowering shoot, x 1 (Theron 1001); la, fruiting twig, x 1; lb, fruit, x 1 (both from

Smith 123); lc, flower, front sepal and petals removed, x 4 ( Theron 1001). 2, Triumfetta annua forma annua, fruit, x 3

(Kettles 2887). 3, Triumfetta rhomboidea, fruit, x 3 (Junod 33). 4, Triumfetta pilosa var. effusa, x 1 (after Henderson,

M. & Anderson, J. G., Common weeds in South Africa).

1: 24

Tiliaceae

dulate, ciliate at the margin. Stamens 8-10;

filaments 5-6 mm long. Ovary globose, 2-lo-

cular, densely setulose, setulae with a single

apical spinule; style about 8 mm long. Fruit 8

x 6 mm including the rather stiff bristles, el-

lipsoid; bristles up to 5 mm long, stellately

pubescent with a single terminal caducous

seta.

A species of the Transvaal Highveld. Common on

sandveld. Not known from outside the Transvaal. Map

13.

Vouchers: Acocks 16614; Galpin 12963; Schlechter

3745.

4. Triumfetta benguelensis Wawra &

Peyr. in Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 38: 559

(1860); Sprague & Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc.,

Bot. 39: 264 (1909); Exell & Mendonga,

C.F.A. 1: 233 (1951). Type: Angola, Bengue-

la, Wawra 284.

Shrub 0,6- 1,5 m tall and with equal

spread; branchlets densely stellate-tomentose.

Leaf-blade 20-38 x 20-35 mm broadly ovate

to subrotund, stellate-tomentose on both sur-

faces, drying grey-green, apex obtuse, base

cordate, 3-5-nerved from the base, irregular-

ly and often doubly serrate; petiole up to 20

mm long; stipules about 4 mm long, lanceo-

late-subulate, stellate-pubescent. Inflores-

cence slender, terminal, 120-180 mm long, of

2-6-flowered subsessile cymes, spaced 10-20

mm apart; bracts ovate, 4 mm long, stellate-

pubescent; bracteoles 3 mm long, linear. Se-

pals 8-10 mm long, linear-spathulate, hooded

towards the apex, stellate-tomentose outside.

Petals yellow, slightly shorter than the sepals,

obovate-spathulate. Androgynophore 0,25

mm tall; annulus pubescent on the margin.

Stamens about 25. Ovary 2-3-celled, densely

echinulate. Capsule 8-9 mm long, 6-7 mm in

diam. including the prickles, ovoid-globose,

its body densely tomentose; prickles uncinate

at the apex, tomentose at the base, glabrous

above.

Found on granite koppies in north-western South

West Africa/Namibia; also in south-western Angola. Map

13.

Vouchers: Merxmuller & Giess 30303; 30401.

5. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq., Enum.

Syst. PI. Ins. Carib. 22 (1760); Harv. in F.C.

1: 227 (1860); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 257 (1868);

Sprague & Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39:

266 (1909); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 257

(1926); Exell & Mendonga, C.F.A. 1: 234

(1951); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 73 (1963); Wilczek

MAP 13. — • Triumfetta obtusicornis

4 Triumfetta benguelensis

▲ Triumfetta rhomboidea

in F.C.B. 10: 49 (1963); Wild & Gonqalves in

F.M. 28: 47 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 241

(1972). Type: West Indies, specim. in Herb.

Jacquin (BM!).

Bartramia indica L., Sp. PI. 1: 389 (1753), non Trium-

fetta indica Lam. (1791). T. bartramia L., Syst. Nat. edn

10, 2: 1044 (1759), nom. illegit. Type: from India.

T. diversifolia E. Mey. in Drcge, Zwei Pfl. Doc. 227

(1843), nom. nud.

T. riparia Hochst. in Flora 27: 295 (1844). Type: Natal,

Krauss 56 (B, holo.t; BM!).

T. rhomboidea var tomentosa Szyszyl., Polypet. Tha-

lam. Rehm. 59 (1887); Burtt Davy, l.c. 257 (1926). Type:

Transvaal, Rehmann 6318 (BM!; K!).

Very polymorphic species up to about 2

m tall, usually annual but there seem to be

perennial forms; branches almost glabrous to

velvety or tomentose. Leaf-blade 25-150 x

20-100 mm, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute

at the apex, often three-lobed, cordate or

truncate at the base, 3-7-nerved from the

base, irregularly serrate; petiole up to 50 mm

long; stipules about 4 mm long, linear-lanceo-

late, setose-pubescent. Inflorescence foliose

with the inflorescence leaves smaller and nar-

rower than the cauline leaves; cymes crowded

at the nodes; peduncles and pedicels short,

1,5-3 mm long; bracts linear, about 3 mm

long, pubescent. Sepals 4-5 mm long, linear,

hooded towards the apex, stellate-pubescent

outside or almost glabrous; subapical horn

about 0,5 mm long, setulose-pubescent. Pe-

tals yellow, slightly shorter than the sepals,

linear-oblanceolate, villous at the base. An-

drogynophore 0,25 mm tall with suborbicular

glands opposite the petal bases; annulus vil-

Tiliaceae

1: 25

lous on its upper margin. Stamens about 15.

Ovary 2-3-locular, closely setulose or echinu-

late. Capsule 4-5 mm in diam. including the

prickles, globose or ovoid-globose, its body

densely tomentose; prickles uncinate at the

apex, glabrous. Fig. 2: 3.

Commonly occurs as a weed of cultivation but is also

found growing naturally in open grassland and woodland.

Common in the north-eastern Cape, Natal, Swaziland, the

Transvaal, South West Africa/Namibia and throughout

the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Map 13.

Vouchers: Acocks 13386; Codd 6834; 8712; Galpin

761.

Extremely variable in the density of its indumentum

and leaf-shape. All variations from almost glabrous to

densely tomentose exist and so var. tomentosa Szyszyl.

can scarcely be accurately differentiated.

6. Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich in A.

Rich., Guill. & Perr., FI. Seneg. Tent. 1: 93,

t. 19 (1831); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 255 (1868);

Sprague & Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39:

267, t. 17, fig. 9 (1909); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 74

(1963); Wilczek in F.C.B. 10: 52 (1963);

Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81: 10 (1969); Wild &

Gongalves in F.M. 28: 48 (1969); Ross, FI.

Natal 241 (1972). Syntypes: Senegal, Perrottet

(P!); Leprieur (P!).

An annual herb very like T. rhomboidea

(no. 5) in general appearance but much more

sparingly hairy, never being more than stel-

late-pubescent, the leaves as a rule are thin-

ner-textured, the stamens are usually fewer

and often about five; the most important dif-

ferences, however, are in the fruit which is

ovoid, not globose, glabrous, not tomentose,

except for the prickles which are ascending

and densely ciliate on their upper sides below

their uncinate apices.

A weed of cultivation but also occurs naturally in

open grassland and woodland. In South West Africa/

Namibia, the Transvaal, also throughout tropical Africa

and in India and the Republic of China. Map 14.

Vouchers: Codd 5315; De Winter & Marais 4608;

D inter 5678; 7508.

7. Triumfetta annua L., Mant. 73 (1767);

Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 256 (1868); Wild in F.Z.

2,1: 75 (1963); Wild & Gonsalves in F.M. 28:

49 (1969). Iconotype: a figure in Mill., Fig.

PI. 2: t. 298 (1760), drawn from a cultivated

plant grown from seed collected in India.

Annual, 0,1 -0,6 m tall; young stems

with a sparse pubescence of simple, ciliate

hairs together with a short, crisped pubes-

cence in a single or in two opposite lines

down the stem. Leaf-blade 30-120 x 20-

MAP 14. — * Triumfetta pentandra

• Triumfetta annua forma annua

▲ Triumfetta annua forma piligera

® Triumfetta annua forma annua and

T. pentandra

® Triumfetta annua forma annua and

forma piligera

70 mm, ovate, becoming narrower upwards

on the stems, acutely acuminate at the apex,

rounded at the base, coarsely serrate or cre-

nate, membranous, sparingly setulose-pubes-

cent above and below; petiole up to 75 mm

long, with a line of crisped pubescence on the

upper side; stipules about 5 mm long, subu-

late or lanceolate. Inflorescence of small 1-5-

flowered cymes clustered together at the

nodes; peduncles usually very short, up to

2 mm long, puberulent along one side; ped-

icels similar, 0,5-2 mm long; bracts about

2 mm long, lanceolate to subulate, setulose-

pubescent at least on the margins. Sepals 2,5-

5 mm long, linear, sparingly setulose-pubes-

cent particularly towards the apex, or almost

glabrous, subapical horn up to 0,5 mm long

with one or several setulose hairs. Petals yel-

low, slightly shorter than the sepals, oblan-

ceolate or linear-oblanceolate, minutely ci-

liate at the base. Androgynophore very short,

about 0,2 mm long, glands opposite petal

bases subquadrate; annulus with its margin

reflexed and sparingly ciliate. Stamens 4-12.

Ovary depressed-globose, echinulate, 4-locu-

lar. Capsule about 15 mm in diam. including

the prickles, depressed-globose, glabrous or

with some weak hairs on the body of the fruit

and the base of the prickles, fruit body deeply

reticulate; prickles about 60, 3-5 mm long,

broadening at the base, uncinate and slightly

flexuous particularly when young.

1: 26

Tiliaceae

Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa,

Malagasy Republic, India, China and Malaya.

For key to forms see key to species.

(a) forma annua.

Sprague & Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot.

39: 268, 1. 17, fig. 10 (1909); Wild in F.Z. 2,1:

75 (1963); Wild & Gonsalves in F.M. 28: 49

(1969); Ross, FI. Natal 241 (1972).

T. annua L., Mant. 73 (1767); Mast, in F.T.A. 1; 256

(1868); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 257 (1926); Exell &

Mendonga, C.F.A. 1: 236 (1951); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81:

10 (1969).

Fruits and aculei quite glabrous. Fig. 2: 2.

Recorded from the Cape, Natal, Transvaal, Swazi-

land and South West Africa/Namibia, as well as all the

areas listed for the species as a whole. In rather shady

situations at forest edges and in bushy, shady places. Of-

ten also a ruderal or weed of cultivation. Map 14.

Vouchers; Bolus 10969; Dinter 4274; Galpin 11829.

(b) forma piligera Sprague & Hutch, in J.

Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 268 (1909); Wild in F.Z.

2,1: 75 (1963); Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28:

49 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 241 (1972). Syn-

types: Natal, Great Noodsberg, Wood 4132

(K!); Malagasy Republic, Baron 992; Parker

(K!).

Included here are plants in which the

body and base of the prickles on the fruit are

pilose with long weak hairs.

Known from Natal, Transvaal, South West Africa/

Namibia, the Malagasy Republic, Zambia, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, and East Africa. Does not appear to differ

in habit and ecology from forma annua. Map 14.

Vouchers: Harding 4/17; Mogg 14988.

8. Triumfetta pilosa Roth , Nov. PI. Sp.

223 (1821); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 257 (1868);

Harv. in F.C. 1: 227 (1860); Sprague &

Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 273, 1. 17,

fig. 12 (1909); Marloth, FI. S. Afr. 22: t.60B

(1925); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 76 (1963); Wild &

Gonsalves in F.M. 28: 50 (1969). Type: In-

dia, Heyne in Herb. Roth (holo.); K, Herb.

Wallich!

Small shrub of about 1,3 m tall; stems

often quadrangular, sparingly stellate-pubes-

cent or densely tomentose, hair bases often

tubercled. Leaf-blade 50-120 x 30-70 mm,

ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acutely acuminate

or acute at the apex, rounded to cordate at

the base, coarsely serrate, puberulous, pubes-

cent or densely tomentose especially below;

petiole up to about 50 mm long, diminishing

upwards; stipules up to 8 mm long, subulate.

Inflorescence foliose, of small cymes crowded

at the nodes; peduncles and pedicels very

short, up to 5 mm long but often less; bracts 2

-4 mm long, linear to lanceolate-linear, setu-

lose-pubescent. Sepals 7-10 mm long, linear,

pubescent or tomentose, subapical horn very

short, up to about 1 mm long. Petals yellow,

slightly shorter than the sepals, linear to ob-

lanceolate-linear, ciliate at the base. Andro-

gynophore up to 0,75 mm tall, glands oppo-

site base of petals orbicular; annulus densely

hirsute above. Stamens 8-10. Ovary globose,

echinulate, 3-4-locular. Capsule 15-27 mm

in diam. including the prickles; prickles 5-

10 mm long, pilose or glabrous, uncinate at

the apex.

Widely distributed in Africa, the Malagasy Republic,

India, Malaysia and China. It has not been ascertained

whether the Roth Herbarium is still available at Olden-

burg, but there is no reason to doubt the authenticity of

the isotype in Herb. Wallich.

For key to varieties see key to species.

(a) var. tomentosa Szyszyl. ex Sprague &

Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 273 (1909);

Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 257 (1926); Men-

donga & Torre, Contr. Conhec. FI. Mocamb.

1: 23 (1950); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 77 (1963);

Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 50 (1969);

Ross, FI. Natal 241 (1972). Syntypes: Natal,

between Pinetown and Umbilo, Rehmann

8050 (K!;Z!); 8068 (K!;Z!).

T. tomentosa sensu E. Mey. ex Harv. in F.C. 1: 228

(1860) in syn. sub T. pilosa.

T. pilosa sensu Hutch., Botanist in S. Afr. 464 (1946).

MAP 15. — * Triumfetta pilosa var. tomentosa

• Triumfetta pilosa var. effusa

® Triumfetta pilosa var. effusa and

var. tomentosa

Tiliaceae

1: 27

Stems densely brown tomentose. Leaf-

blade 60-120 x 30-75 mm, mostly ovate,

densely and shortly stellate-tomentose above,

more densely so below. Buds tomentose.

Prickles on fruit pilose.

A variety of open woodland, roadsides and waste

places. Occurs in the Cape, Transvaal, Natal, Swaziland

and also in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambi-

que. Map 15.

Vouchers: Compton 26631; Galpin 2893; 8929;

Schlieben 10164.

(b) var. effusa (E. Mey. ex Harv.) Wild

in F.Z. 2,1: 77 (1963); Wild & Gongalves in

F.M. 28: 52 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 241

(1972). Syntypes: Natal, Drege (BM!; K!);

Williamson (TCD!).

T. effusa E. Mey. ex Harv. in F.C. 1: 228 (1860). — var.

leiocalyx Sprague & Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 275

(1909). Syntypes; Natal, Pinetown, Wood 254 (BM!; K!);

Cape, Rooi Vaal, Flanagan 456 (K!).

T. pseudorhomboidea Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam

Rehm. 59 (1887). Type: Transvaal, Rehmann 6317 (Z,

holo.!).

Leaf-blade from sparsely stellate-pubes-

cent to densely stellate-tomentose, especially

below. Prickles on fruits quite glabrous or

rarely with few sparse hairs near the base.

Fig. 2: 4.

Ecology similar to that of var. tomentosa. Recorded

from Cape, Natal, the Transvaal, Swaziland, as well as

from Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique. Map

15.

Vouchers: Galpin 9455; 13715; Rodin 4046; Schlecther

2226.

Throughout the range of distribution of this variety

occasional specimens occur which have a few sparse hairs

at the base of the prickles. These intermediates indicate

that this taxon is best treated as a variety of T. pilosa

rather than as a distinct species.

9. Triumfetta delicatula Sprague &

Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 257 (1909);

Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81: 10 (1969). Syntypes:

Angola, Huilla on Monyno mountain, An-

tunes 141 (K!); Mounyino, Antunes 316.

Small shrubs up to 0,8 m tall; stems te-

rete, stellate-pubescent or tomentose when

young. Leaf-blade 25-50 x 15-20 (-25) mm,

elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, apex acute to

obtuse, base broadly cuneate, margin usually

regularly serrate, stellate-pubescent on both

sides, venation reticulate and tertiary veins

often visible; petiole up to 15 mm long, stel-

late-pubescent or tomentose; stipules 3-

4 mm long, subulate, pubescent. Inflorescence

of axillary, 2-5-flowered, subumbellate cym-

es in the upper axils; peduncle 2-4 mm long,

slender, pubescent; pedicels up to 3 mm long;

bracts c. 3 mm long, subulate, pubescent.

Sepals 5-6 mm long, linear, apex slightly

hooded and with subapical horn about 0,5 mm

long, stellate-pubescent to puberulous. Petals

yellow, slightly shorter than the sepals, linear-

oblanceolate, minutely ciliate at the base.

Androgynophore very short, about 0,2 mm

long, glands opposite to the petal bases al-

most orbicular; annulus with its margin reflex-

ed and ciliate. Stamens (8-) 10. Ovary glob-

ose, echinulate, 4-locular. Capsule about

10 mm in diameter including the prickles,

globose, glabrous; prickles about 3 mm long,

slightly broadened towards the base and with

uncinate apex.

Rocky slopes in southern Angola, northern and cen-

tral South West Africa/Namibia. Map 16.

Vouchers: Seydel 2668; Volk 991.

The fruits of T. delicatula are similar in size and their

uncinate glabrous aculei to those of a form of T. tomen-

tosa (no. 10) from Zimbabwe which has glabrous fruits.

T. tomentosa is mainly distinguished from T. pilosa by its

straight or falcate apices of the prickles, but T. delicatula

differs from both these species by its much smaller leaves.

10. Triumfetta tomentosa Boj. in Bouton,

Douz. Rapp. Ann. Maur. 19 (1842); Mast, in

F.T.A. 1: 258 (1868); Sprague & Hutch, in J.

Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 260, t. 17, fig. 5 (1909);

Exell & Mendonga, C.F.A. 1: 225 (1951);

Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 72 (1963); Wilczek in

F.C.B. 10: 58 (1963); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81:

11 (1969); Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 45

(1969). Syntypes: Mauritius, cult, ex Kenya

(Mombassa Island), Bojer (K!).

T. tomentosa Boj., Hort. Maurit. 43 (1837), nom. nud.

T. pilosa var. tomentosa (Boj.) Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam.

Rehm. 59 (1887), excl. spec, cited.

T. holosericea Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2,8:

702 (1908). Type: South West Africa/Namibia, Water-

berg, Dinter 384.

Small shrub occasionally up to 3 m tall,

branches with a brown woolly tomentum.

Leaf-blade 50-120 x 25-70 mm, ovate or

lanceolate-ovate, sometimes slightly three-

lobed, acute at the apex, cordate or subcor-

date at the base, greyish brown tomentose,

more densely so beneath, margins irregularly

serrate; petiole up to 60 mm long, woolly;

stipules about 7 mm long, linear-lanceolate,

densely pubescent. Inflorescence foliose with

the leaves narrower and progressively smaller

upwards than the cauline ones, composed of

small cymes crowded at the nodes; peduncles

and pedicels very short, about 2 mm long or

less, densely pilose or tomentose; bracts 3-

1: 28

Tiliaceae

4 mm long, linear, tomentose. Sepals 4,5-

8,5 mm long, linear, pubescent outside below

but tomentose in the upper part, subapical

horn 0,2-0, 5 mm long, densely stellate-pu-

bescent. Petals 4-7 mm long, linear-oblan-

ceolate, rounded at the apex, villous at the

base. Androgynophore 0,5 mm tall with sub-

orbicular glands opposite the petal bases; an-

nulus densely ciliate at the margin. Stamens

8-10; filaments 6-7 mm long. Ovary 4-locu-

lar, globose, densely setose. Capsule 10-

15 mm in diam. including the prickles;

prickles numerous, pilose with simple hairs or

almost glabrous, terminal setae single,

straight or slightly curved.

Often in fallows in old cultivations. In South West

Africa/Namibia and throughout tropical Africa, also in

south tropical America. Map 16.

Vouchers: Dinter 5602; Giess 12545.

This species is very difficult to distinguish from some

varieties of T. pilosa (no. 8) unless it is in fruit.

MAP 16. — • Triumfetta delicatula

* Triumfetta tomentosa

▲ Triumfetta angolensis

11. Triumfetta angolensis Sprague &

Hutch, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 256 (1909);

Exell & Mendonga, C.F.A. 1, 2: 231 (1951);

Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 71 (1963); Roessl. In

F.S.W.A. 81: 10 (1969); Wild & Gongalves in

F.M. 28: 44 (1969). Type: Angola, Huila,

Welwitsch 1411 (BM, holo.!; COI!; LISU!).

Erect or rather lax perennial herb about

0,6 m tall branching from the base, stems stel-

late-pilose. Leaf-blade up to 65 x 30 mm el-

liptic, ovate-elliptic or lanceolate-oblong,

apex subacute or rounded, base subcordate,

rounded or broadly cuneate, serrate or cre-

nate-serrate, both sides sparsely stellate-pi-

lose with some simple hairs, a little more

densely so below, nerves rather raised be-

neath; petiole up to 13 mm long, stellate-pi-

lose; stipules about 3 mm long, subulate, se-

tose-pilose. Inflorescence leafy, of 2-5 small

cymes per node; peduncles about 3 mm long,

pubescent; pedicels similar, 2-3 mm long,

usually three together, pilose; bracts up to

2,5 mm long, linear-lanceolate, forming an in-

volucre, setose-pilose. Sepals reddish brown,

5 miji long, linear, stellate-pubescent outside,

subapical horn 0,5 mm long, bearing simple

setose hairs. Petals yellow, about 5 mm long,

oblanceolate, rounded at the apex, ciliate just

above the base. Androgynophore 0,5 mm tall

with transversely elliptic-oblong glands oppo-

site the petal bases; annulus with a ciliate

margin. Stamens 9-10; filaments about 5 mm

long. Ovary subglobose, 4-locular. Capsule

about 8 mm in diam. including the prickles;

prickles broadening to the base, shortly pi-

lose, with 2-5 spreading setae at the apex.

Recorded from the Transvaal and South West Afri-

ca/Namibia. Also recorded from Zambia, Zimbabwe, An-

gola and Mozambique. Most commonly found in partial

shade and often by rivers. Map 16.

Vouchers: De Winter & Marais 4569; 4948; Galpin

M. 42; Leistner 542.

Tiliaceae

1: 29

4957 3. SPARRMANNIA

Sparrmannia L.f., Suppl. 41 (1781); DC., Prodr. 1: 503 (1824); Harv. in F.C. 1: 223 (I860);

Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 260 (1868); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 253 (1926); Weim. in Svensk bot.

Tidskr. 27: 400 (1933); Exell & Mendonga, C.F.A. 1; 238 (1951); Wild in F.Z. 2, 1: 78 (1963);

Wilczek in F.C.B. 10: 76 (1963); Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 52 (1969); R. A. Dyer, Gen. 1:

352 (1975). Type species: S. africana L.f.

Large shrubs, all parts stellate-pubescent or glabrescent, sometimes with intermixed sim-

ple hairs. Leaves alternate, petiolate; 3-7-angled or -lobed, palmately nerved, crenate-den-

tate, crenate or serrate; stipules deciduous, subulate or setaceous. Inflorescence of extra-axil-

lary or leaf-opposed umbels on longish peduncles in the upper axils; bracts similar to the

stipules. Sepals 4, lanceolate, deciduous. Petals, 4, oblanceolate, eglandular. Stamens numer-

ous with nodose filaments, outer stamens often sterile and moniliform. Androgynophore obso-

lete. Ovary 4-5-locular; ovules numerous; style slender, glabrous with a 4-5-toothed stigma.

Capsule globose, oblong-ovoid or ellipsoid, 4-5-valved, covered with rigid bristles.

About 7 species confined to Africa and the Malagasy Republic, 2 of which occur in Southern Africa.

The correctness of the above spelling as against ‘Sparmannia’ is fully explained by Brenan in Mem. N.Y. bot. Gdn

8,3:229 (1953).

1 Sepals about 17 mm long; many outer stamens sterile; leaves up to 270 x 210 mm, not lobed or with acute or

acuminate lobes 1 . africana

1 Sepals about 10 mm long; outer sterile stamens few or sometimes absent; leaves up to 130 x 100 mm, lobes long-

acuminate 2. ricinocarpa

1. Sparrmannia africana L.f. , Suppl. 265

(1781); Sims in Curtis’s bot. Mag. 15: t.516

(1801); DC., Prodr. 1: 503 (1824); Harv. in

F.C. 1: 224 (1860); K. Schum. in Natiirl.

PflFam. 3,6: 66, fig. 9A (1895); Sim. For. FI.

Cape Col. 148, t.19, fig. 1 (1907); Marloth,

FI. S. Afr. 2: 170, 248, fig. 116, 162 (1925);

Weim. in Svensk bot. Tidskr. 27: 400 (1933);

Courtenay-Latimer & Smith, Flower. PI. Tsit-

sikama For. t.43 (1967); Killick in Flower. PI.

Afr. 42: t. 1663 (1973). Type: Cape, Span-

mann (LINN 677. 1, holo.!).

Shrub up to about 7 m tall, much

branched and bushy, wood softish; young

branches hispid, with long patent hairs. Leaf-

blade up to 270 x 210 mm or more, ovate to

very broadly ovate or orbicular, usually (3-)

5-7-9-lobed, but often entire near the inflo-

rescence, lobed up to a quarter of the way,

lobes acuminate except the basal ones which

are blunt or acute, apex acuminate, base cor-

date, margin irregularly crenate, with hispidu-

lous hairs on both sides, some hairs simple,

some stellate, sometimes with additional

short crisped hairs on the main nerves, 7-11-

nerved from the base; petiole up to 150 mm

long or more, patently hispid; stipules up to

15 mm long, subulate, hispid. Flowers white

in about 20-flowered extra-axillary peduncu-

late umbels towards the ends of the branches;

peduncles patently hispid with long hairs, up

to about 100 mm long; pedicels similar but

about 30 mm long, articulated in the upper

half and often more densely hairy; bracts up

to 15 mm long, linear with a subulate apex,

hispidly hairy. Sepals white, membranous,

about 17 x 4 mm, lanceolate, apex acute, pi-

lose with long simple hairs and short stellate

hairs outside. Petals white, about 25 x 15

mm, obovate. Stamens very numerous with

many outer ones sterile and moniliform in the

upper half, fertile stamens numerous also;

filaments about 10 mm long, barren filaments

yellow with purple tips, fertile filaments pur-

ple. Ovary ovoid, densely setulose; style

about 10 mm long, glabrous; stigma very min-

utely 4-5-toothed. Capsule about 20 mm in

diam. including the bristles, subglobose,

sparsely setulose; bristles about 17 mm long,

with a rigid setulose tip, glandular; seeds dark

brown, about 3,5 x 2,5 mm, ellipsoid and

tapering to one end; testa rugulose. Fig. 3: 1.

Apparently confined to the Cape Province. A species

of forest edges and rocky hillsides. Sometimes cultivated

because of its handsome flowers. Map 17.

Vouchers: Galpin 3798; Muir 3533; Rodin 1310.

2. Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl. &

Zeyh.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, 2: 26 (1898);

Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 253 (1926); Brenan

in Mem. N.Y. bot. Gdn 8: 229 (1953); White,

For. FI. N. Rhod. 239, t.6 (1972); Wild in

F.Z. 2,1: 78 (1963); Wild & Gongalves in

1: 30

Tiliaceae

FIG. 3.-1 , Sparrmannia africana, flowering twig, X 1; la, stamen, x 5; lb, ovary, x 5 (all from Thode A750); lc

fruit closed, x 1; Id, fruit dehisced, x 1 (both from Bos 768). 2, Sparrmannia ricinocarpa, leaf, x 1; 2a, flower, x 1

(Muller 2353).

Tiliaceae

1: 31

F.M. 28: 53 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 240

(1972); Compton, FI. Swaziland 354 (1976).

Type: Eastern Cape Province, Ecklon &

Zeyher (Herb. Sond., not seen).

Urena ricinocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 37 (1835);

Presl, Bol. Bemerk. 19 (1844). Sparrmannia palmata E.

Mey. ex Harv. in F.C. 1; 224 (1860); Bak. f. in J. Linn.

Soc., Bot. 40; 33 (1911); Eyles in Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr.

5: 410 (1916); Marloth, FI. S. Afr. 2,2: t.60D (1925),

nom. illegit. Type: as above.

S. abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich. var. micrantha Barret

in Mildbr., Wiss. Ergebn. dt. Zent.-Afr.-Exped.

1907-08, 2: 494 (1910). S. ricinocarpa subsp. micranlhu

(Burret) Weim. in Svcnsk bot. Tidskr. 27: 404, 408

(1933); Bot. Notiser 1936; 37 (1936); Excll & Mendonqa.

C.F.A. 1: 238 (1951); Wilczek in F.C.B. 10: 77 (1963).

Type: Tanzania, Kahama, Mildbraed 1626 (B, holo/fj.

S. wittei Staner in De Wild. & Staner, Contr. FI. Kat.

Suppl. 4: 55 (1932). Type: Congo, Muhavura, De Witte

MAP 17. — • Sparrmannia africana

4 Sparrmannia ricinocarpa

Slender shrub or scrambler up to 3 m tall;

stems slender with spreading, simple hairs

and shorter stellate hairs. Leaf-blade 30-130

x 15-100 mm, 3-7-lobed, cordate or cor-

date-sagittate and 5-7 nerved at the base,

lobed about half-way or three quarters, mid-

dle lobe the longest, lobes, at least the middle

one, long-acuminate, inciso-sinuate, crenate-

dentate and often with secondary lobing, stel-

lately or simply pubescent on both sides or

with a mixture of both; petiole up to 80 mm

long, pubescent; stipules up to 8 mm long, se-

taceous, pubescent. Inflorescence of extra-ax-

illary or leaf-opposed 6-20-flowered umbels;

peduncles up to 80 mm long, pubescent; ped-

icels pubescent, articulated in the upper half

and more densely pubescent above the articu-

lation; bracts up to 7 mm long, subulate to

lanceolate, pubescent. Sepals about 10 mm

long, lorate, subacute at the apex, pubescent

and green on the back, white or purplish in-

side. Petals white, the same length as the se-

pals or slightly longer, oblanceolate to oblan-

ceolate-oblong. Stamens many (about 50),

filamentous, about 8 mm long, the majority

with numerous nodose swellings along the

filament, a few outer ones sometimes sterile.

Ovary ovoid, echinulate-setulose, many-

ovuled; style 7-8 mm long, slender, glabrous,

stigma shortly five-toothed. Capsule ellipsoid

4-5-valved, covered with rigid bristles about

10 mm long, overall dimensions 20-25 x

15-20 mm, brown, sparsely stellate-pubes-

cent, loculi opening from the apex; seeds

dark brown, about 2,5 x 1,5 mm, ellipsoidal-

ly biconical. Fig. 3:2.

A rather straggling plant that yields a good fibre.

Found in the higher rainfall areas of the Cape, Natal,

Orange Free State, Lesotho, Transvaal and Swaziland.

Also northwards to Angola, Cameroon, East Africa and

Ehtiopia. Often at forest edges or in forest clearings. Map

17.

Vouchers: Acocks 9562; Compton 25515; Galpin 788;

10193; 13269.

Weimarck (l.c.) has divided this species into several

subspecies of which subsp. ricinocarpa is the one found in

Southern Africa. However, some material from Malawi

also agrees best with subsp. ricinocarpa although on phy-

togeographical grounds it ought to fall within the range

of variation of subsp. micrantha. Similarly, Rodin 4045

(K; PRE) from the Soutpansberg agrees best with subsp.

micrantha, not subsp. ricinocarpa. The phytogeographical

classification of these subspecific taxa is not, therefore,

entirely reliable. It may be that they should be treated as

varieties but until the position is better understood it is

better to consider this as one very variable species.

Although I have not been able to see the type of this

species it is evident that Harvey (l.c.) compared the Eck-

lon & Zeyher type with the Drege specimen, which he cit-

es in publishing his illegitimate and supertluous name

S. palmata , and I have been able to consult this latter

specimen in Herb. Kew.

1: 32

Tiliaceae

4953 4. CORCH0RUS

Corchorus L., Sp. PI. 529 (1753); Gen. PI. edn 5: 234 (1754); DC., Prodr. 1: 504 (1824); Harv.

in F.C. 1: 228 (1860); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 261 (1868); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 257 (1926);

Exell & Mendonga, C.F.A. 1: 239 (1951); Hutch. & Dalz., F.W.T.A. edn 2, 1,2: 308 (1958);

Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 82 (1963); Wilczek in F.C.B. 10: 84 (1963); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81: 1 (1969);

Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 55 (1969); R. A. Dyer, Gen. 1: 353 (1975). Type species: C. oli-

torius L.

Herbs or small shrubs, sometimes with annual stems from a woody rootstock, with simple

or stellate hairs. Leaves alternate, serrate, dentate, repand or lobed with the basal teeth often

prolonged into long setaceous points; petioles usually more densely pubescent on the upper

side; stipules lateral, usually setaceous or subacute. Inflorescence of bracteate, pedunculate

cymes more or less opposed to the leaves, or the peduncle obsolete. Flowers bisexual. Sepals

4-5, usually narrow, often caudate at the apex. Petals yellow, as long as the sepals, obovate,

oblanceolate or linear, usually with a short basal claw ciliolate on the margin. Stamens

7-many, filamentous, borne on a very short, glabrous androgynophore which is annular at the

apex, the stamens arising between the annulus and ovary. Ovary 2-5-locular, with 2 to many

axile ovules in each chamber; style glabrous with a cup-shaped or slightly 2-6-lobed or capi-

tate-fimbriate stigma. Fruit an elongated or subglobose capsule, glabrous or hairy, smooth,

bristly or prickly, straight or curved, loculicidally 2-5 valved, sometimes with transverse septa

within, 2-many-seeded. Seeds dark brown or black, pendulous or horizontal, quadrate, ellip-

soid, cylindric or irregularly hemispherical; embryo usually curved; cotyledons flat; endosperm

fleshy.

A genus of about 100 species widely distributed through the tropics and subtropics; 15

species are recognized in Southern Africa. Several species produce useful fibres and several

others are well-known annual weeds.

Although experimental sowings have been made with C. capsularis L., there is no evi-

dence that the species has become naturalized in South Africa.

1 Leaves variously pubescent or glabrous but not tomentose:

2 Capsule 10-ribbed, 5-valved 1. C. olitorius

2 Capsule 3-4-valved:

3 Capsule with 3 spreading horns at the apex 3. C. tridens

3 Capsule rostrate or blunt at the apex, without diverging horns:

4 Leaves pinnatipartite, lobed four-fifths of the way to the midrib 9. C. pinnatipartitus

4 Leaves serrate or crenate but not lobed:

5 Annual herbs:

6 Peduncles obsolete or up to 2 mm long, not filiform; leaves not linear:

7 Capsules up to 70 mm long, held erect; valves minutely scabrous 2. C. trilocularis

7 Capsules up to 25 mm long, usually curved, not held erect, angles muricate or sharply toothed ....

7. C. schimperi

6 Peduncles filiform, up to 20 mm long; leaves linear 10. C. longipedunculatus

5 Perennial herbs with annual, often prostrate stems from a woody rootstock, or a bushy perennial up to

about 0,6 m tall:

8 Fruiting pedicel straight or more or less straight:

9 Fruit valves hispidulous, rarely glabrescent; lateral nerves of leaves (excluding basal nerves) in

7-about 20 pairs; perennial herb with annual or little-branched stems from a woody rootstock . .

4. C. confusus

9 Fruit valves glabrous or sparsely stellate-puberulous when young; lateral nerves of leaves (exclud-

ing basal nerves) in 5 (-7) pairs; much-branched shrublet about 0,6 m tall 11. C. angolensis

8 Fruiting pedicel curved:

10 Leaves glabrous or hispid to strigose, often with bulbous-based hairs:

1 1 Leaves usually linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, if ovate then margin coarsely crenate-

dentate 5. C. asplenifolius

1 1 Leaves ovate-oblong to broadly elliptic, strigose, margin finely crenulate 6. C. psammophilus

Tiliaceae

1: 33

10 Leaves densely sericeo-villous on the lower surface, ovate to narrowly ovate-oblong, margin

coarsely crenate-dentate 8. C. sulcatus

1 Leaves yellowish or greyish tomentose, at least below:

12 Capsule cylindric or, if narrowly ellipsoid, with softish plumose bristles shorter than 2 mm:

13 Leaves ovate, grey-green; nerves in about 4 pairs 12, C. merxmuelleri

13 Leaves narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic to oblong or oblong-lanceolate, drying yellowish or brownish,

nerves in 6-15 pairs:

14 Indumentum very shortly and smoothly velvety; nerves rather inconspicuous, in 13-15 pairs; bracts up

to 2 mm long 13 . C. velutinus

14 Indumentum often rather tufted and coarse or thick and felted; nerves conspicuously raised below,

in 6- 10 pairs; bracts up to 8 mm long 14. C. kirkii

12 Capsule broadly ovoid and glabrous or ellipsoid with stiff plumose bristles about 5 mm long 15. C. junodii

1. Corchorus olitorius L. , Sp. PI. 529

(1753); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 262 (1868); Exell

& Mendonga, C.F.A. 1: 240 (1951); Wild in

F.Z. 2,1: 82 (1963); Wilczek in F.C.B. 10: 85

(1963); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81: 4 (1969);

Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 57 (1969);

Ross, FI. Natal 240 (1972). Type: cult,

specim. in Herb. Cliff. (BM, lecto.!).*

Coarse erect annual up to 2 m tall; young

branches somewhat angular or sulcate, gla-

brous. Leaf-blade 30-100 x 20-50 mm,

ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, thin-textured,

apex acute, rounded at the base, margin ser-

rate or serrate-crenate, the two lowest serra-

tions prolonged as setaceous appendages

about 10 mm long, glabrous on both sides or

setulose on the nerves beneath; petiole up to

50 mm long, pubescent on the upper side;

stipules about 10 mm long, setaceous, glab-

rous. Inflorescence of small 2-3-flowered

cymes opposite the upper leaves; peduncles

very short, about 1 mm long, glabrous; ped-

icels 1-2 mm long; bracts about 5 mm long,

setaceous, glabrous. Sepals about 7 mm long,

linear, thin-textured, bluntly caudate at the

apex, glabrous. Petals yellow, about 7 mm

long, oblanceolate, with a short basal claw

with ciliate margin. Androgynophore about

0,5 mm tall; annulus with an undulated mar-

gin clasping the base of the ovary. Stamens

filamentous, about 20. Ovary cylindric, 10-

ribbed, very minutely setulose and glandular,

* The protologue of this species would lead one to expect

that the type would be found in the Hermann Herbarium

or among Hermann’s leones. No specimen of this species

can be found there, however, although Linnaeus’s de-

scription of the species leaves no doubt of its identity. The

specimen in Herb. Hermann to which Linnaeus does refer

has a 3-valved capsule and so does not fit his description

and must be excluded. However, Linnaeus’s next refer-

ence is to a good specimen in the Hortus Cliffortianus

which agrees in its 5-valved capsule with Linnaeus’s de-

scription and this specimen must be chosen as the lecto-

type of C. olitorius.

5-locular, many-ovuled. Capsule 20-80 mm

long, cylindric, appressed to the stem,

straight or slightly curved, somewhat toru-

lose, 10-ribbed, with a straight, undivided

beak about 12 mm long, inner surface of

valves transversely septate; seeds blackish,

about 2,3 x 2 mm, angular. Fig. 4: 4.

Recorded from South West Atrica/Namibia, Natal

and Transvaal. A pantropical species widely cultivated for

its fibre (jute) in India and Asia, but also widely distrib-

uted as a weed of cultivation. Map 18.

Vouchers: Codd 4130: Robertson 132.

2. Corchorus trilocularis L., Syst, Nat.

edn 12,2: 369 (1767); Mant. 77 (1767); Harv.

in F.C. 1: 229 (1860); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 262

(1868), pro parte; Szyszyl., Polypet, Thalam.

Rehm. 61 (1887); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1:

257 (1926); Exell & Mcudonga, C.F.A. 1: 239

(1951); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 84 (1963); Wilczek

in F.C.B. 10: 88 (1963); Compton, FI. Swazi-

land 55 (1966);' Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81: 4

(1969); Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 58

(1969); Ross, FI. Natal 240 (1972). Type:

Arabia, Forsskal (see notes below).

MAP 18. — * Corchorus olitorius

• Corchorus trilocularis

® Corchorus trilocularis and C. olitorius

1: 34

Tiliaceae

Annual herb up to about 1 m tall, erect

and branching or sometimes with decumbent

branches if the main stem is cut down or

browsed; branchlets often purplish and in the

young parts with a spreading, setulose pubes-

cence not confined to one side of the stem.

Leaf-blade 20-120 x 5-35 mm, lanceolate,

oblong or narrowly oblong, apex acute or

subacute, rounded or broadly cuneate at the

base, margin crenate-serrate, usually with a

pair of setaceous basal lobes, glabrous or se-

tulose-pilose on both sides especially on the

nerves; petiole up to 25 mm long low down

on the stems but usually rather shorter, with a

spreading, setulose pubescence especially on

the upper side; stipules about 10 mm long, se-

taceous, setulose-pubescent. Inflorescence of

1-3-flowered cymes borne opposite the upper

leaves; peduncles about 1 mm long but

lengthening in fruit, setose-pubescent; ped-

icles similar, about 1 mm long. Sepals 6-10 mm

long, narrowly lanceolate, caudate at the

apex as a rule, often somewhat keeled, setu-

lose-pubescent particularly on the keel. Petals

yellow, oblanceolate, as long as the sepals,

with a short basal claw with ciliate margin.

Androgynophore about 0,5 mm long, extend-

ed above into a slightly undulate annulus. Sta-

mens filamentous, 30-40. Ovary trigonously

subcylindric, very shortly pubescent, 3- or oc-

casionally 4-locular; style 1-1,5 mm long,

glabrous. Capsule many-seeded, 25-70 mm

long, erect, straight or slightly curved, 3-4-

angled, 3-4-valved; valves scabrous and

sometimes somewhat torulose outside, with a

series of hollows inside fitting the seeds; seeds

dark brown, 1-1,3 x 0,7-1 mm, oblong-

ovoid. Fig. 4: 2.

A widespread introduced weed in Natal, the eastern

Cape, the Transvaal, South West Africa/Namibia, Swazi-

land and also throughout tropical Africa and in Asia and

the Middle East. Map 18.

Vouchers: Flanagan 2543; Schlechter 11735; Ward

329.

This species is very variable in leaf-shape, size, pu-

bescence and, particularly if it is grazed or trampled, be-

comes semiprostrate and can be confused with C. aspleni-

folius (no. 5). It is, however, always an annual, whilst

C. asplenifolius is always a perennial. See also notes

under C. confusus (no. 4).

The typification of this species is not easy. It is clear

that Linnaeus based his description on a Forsskal speci-

men but if this was ever present in the Forsskal collections

in Copenhagen it is not there now (see Christensen in

Dansk. bot. Arkiv. 4,3: 20, 1922). There is, however, a

sheet of this species in the Linnaean Herbarium, London,

which was prepared from a specimen cultivated in Uppsa-

la Botanic Garden. If necessary, this specimen (Herb.

Linn. 691.3) could be chosen as a suitable neotype for

C. trilocularis.

3. Corchorus tridens L. , Mant. Alt. 566

(1771); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 264 (1868); Burtt

Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 257 (1926); Exell &

Mendonqa, C.F.A. 1: 241 (1951); Wild in

F.Z. 2,1: 88 (1963); Wilczek in F.C.B. 10: 87

(1963); Compton, FI. Swaziland 55 (1966);

Wild & Gongalves in F.M. 28: 64 (1969).

Type: Not clear, see note below.

Annual herb about 0,6 m tall, usually

erect but with its older branches rather

spreading, branchlets at first rather com-

pressed or angular, glabrous or sparsely pi-

lose. Leaf-blade 25-110 x 6-45 mm, oblong

to lanceolate, acute at the apex, rounded at

the base, margin serrate or serrate-crenate,

glabrous or sparsely setulose-pubescent on

the nerves; petiole up to, 20 mm long, pilose

on the upper side; stipules up to 10 mm long,

setaceous, glabrous. Inflorescence of 1-3-

flowered leaf-opposed cymes; peduncles up to

1 mm long, glabrous; pedicels similar, up to 1

mm long; bracts 1-2 mm long, setaceous,

glabrous. Sepals about 5 mm long, linear to

slightly widened in the upper half, bluntly

acuminate, glabrous. Petals yellow, as long as

the sepals, very narrowly oblanceolate, with a

minute basal claw about 0,3 mm long min-

utely ciliolate on the margin. Androgyno-

phore almost obsolete but annulus visible and

clasping the base of the ovary. Stamens 8-10,

filamentous. Ovary trigonously cylindric, pa-

pillose, 3-locular; style about 2 mm long,

glabrous. Capsule up to about 40 mm long,

held more or less erect, straight or slightly

curved, usually somewhat ribbed, sparsely

and minutely setulose-scabrid, terminated by

three spreading horns about 1 mm long;

valves inside only shallowly pitted to receive

the seeds; seeds numerous, dark brown,

about 1,4 x 0,8 mm, cylindric or somewhat

quadrangular-cylindric. Fig. 4: 10.

Widesprad as an annual weed in the tropics and sub-

tropics of the Old World. Recorded in our area from Na-

tal, Swaziland, Transvaal and South West Africa/Nami-

bia. Map 19.

Vouchers: Codd 5400; De Winter & Leistner 5403;

Schlechter 4527.

The typification of this species is not very obvious.

There appears to be no specimen of this species in the

Linnaean Herbarium which could be the type and Lin-

naeus names no collector or country of origin. The Pluke-

net drawing cited by Linnaeus shows no fruits and so

would be unsatisfactory as a type. However, the original

description clearly relates to this species and the other

Tiliaceae

1: 35

drawing cited by Linnaeus (Burm. f., FI. Indica 123, t. 37

fig. 2, 1768) is a very good representation of C. tridens.

Unless more evidence comes to light, therefore, the Bur-

man drawing could well be accepted as the type. It was

apparently prepared from an Indian specimen.

The young plants are used as a pot-herb in the east-

ern Transvaal.

MAP 19. — * Corchorus tridens

• Corchorus confusus

® Corchorus confusus and C. tridens

4. Corchorus confusus Wild in Bothalia

7: 422 (1960); F.Z. 2,1: 86 (1963); Wild &

Gongalves in F.M. 28: 61 (1969); Ross, FI.

Natal 240 (1972). Type: Transvaal, Kruger

National Park, Codd & De Winter 4960 (K,

holo.!; PRE!).

C. serrifolius Burch, var. lancifolius Szyszyl., Polypet.

Thalam. Rehm. 61 (1887), pro parte quoad specim. Reh-

mann 4200 (BM; K), nom. nud.

C. trilocularis sensu Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 257

(1926), pro parte excl. specim. Thorncroft 2058 (K!) et

Nelson 381 (K!).

Perennial herb with prostrate or spread-

ing branches up to 0,6 mm long; rootstock

woody, branchlets, at least when young, with

a spreading pubescence not confined to one

side of the stem. Leaf -blade up to 70 x 26 mm,

narrowly lanceolate to ovate, apex acute or

subobtuse, base rounded or slightly cordate,

sometimes with a pair of setaceous basal

lobes, margin crenate or crenate-serrate, pi-

lose on both sides especially on the nerves,

hairs not tubercle-based, strongly 3-nerved

from the base; petiole up to 8 mm long, setu-

lose-pilose on all sides; stipules up to 6 mm

long, setaceous, pubescent. Inflorescence of

small (1-) 2-3-flowered cymes opposite the

upper leaves; peduncles 4-25 mm long, with

a patent pubescence on all sides; pedicels

similar, up to 8 mm long; bracts setaceous,

similar to the stipules. Sepals up to 10 x

1,5 mm, linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceo-

late, apex acuminate, setulose-pilose outside.

Petals yellow, slightly shorter than the sepals,

oblanceolate to obovate, with a short basal

claw ciliate on the margin. Androgynophore

about 0,5 mm long, extended above into a

slightly undulate, glabrous annulus. Stamens

filamentous, about 50. Ovary trigonously cyl-

indric, densely pubescent; style about 2,5 mm

long, slender, glabrous. Capsule 25-50 mm

long, on a straight fruiting pedicel, trigonous,

undivided at the apex, usually scabrous on

the angles or hispidulous; valves hollowed out

to receive the seeds within; seeds numerous,

dark brown to grey, about 2 x 1,2 mm.

Fig. 4: 3.

A species common on koppies or in lowveld bush on

sandy or basaltic soils. Known from the Transvaal, Natal,

north-eastern Cape and Swaziland, and also in Mozambi-

que and Zimbabwe. Map 19.

Vouchers: Galpin 577; 9661; M577; Strey 9099; Ty-

son 1413.

This species has been much confused in herbaria

with the widespread introduced annual weed C. trilocula-

ris (no. 2) but it cannot be included with this species since

it is a perennial. It is possibly of hybrid origin with C. as-

plenifolius (below) as one parent and C. trilocularis (no.

2) as the other.

5. Corchorus asplenifolius Burch., Trav.

1: 400 (1822); Harv. in F.C. 1: 229 (1860);

Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam. Rehm. 60 (1887);

Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 257 (1926); Wild in

F.Z. 2,1: 85 (1963); Wild & Gonsalves in

F.M. 28: 60 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 240

(1972). Type: Cape Province, Vaal River,

Burchell \1S1 (K, holo.!).

C. serrifolius Burch., l.c. 537 (1822) (as ‘ serraefolius')\

Harv. in F.C. 1: 229 (1860); Szyszyl., l.c. 60 (1887); Burtt

Davy, l.c. 257 (1926). Type: Cape Province, Asbestos

Mts, Burchell 1962 (K, holo.!).

C. serrifolius var. lancifolius Szyszyl., l.c. 61 (1887),

nom. nud.

— var. linearifolius Szyszyl., l.c. 61 (1887), nom nud.

C. arenicola Hochr. in Annu. Conserv. Jard. bot. Gen-

eve 18: 125 (1914); R. A. Dyer in Kew Bull 1932: 154

(1932). Type: Cape Province, Litakun, Lemue (G, holo.!;

PRE!).

Perennial herb with prostrate or suberect

annual stems from a woody rootstock; stems

glabrous or with a line of short curly hairs on

one side only or with spreading hairs all

round the stem as well as the line of short

curly hairs. Leaf -blade 15-80 x 2-15 mm,

lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowly ob-

long or almost linear, apex acute or subacute,

1: 36

Tiliaceae

FIG. 4.- I, Corchorus asplenifolius, rootstock with flowering and fruiting twig, x 1 (Acocks 1583). 2, Corchorus tri-

locularis, fruit, x 1 ( Ward 329). 3, Corchorus confusus, fruit, x 1 (Jenkins 6727). 4, Corchorus olitorius, fruit, x 1

( Codd 4130). 5, Corchorus junodii, fruit, X 1 (Gerstner 4782). 6, Corchorus sulcatus, fruit, x 1 (Zwanziger 859). 7, Cor-

chorus schimperi, fruit, x 1 (Meeuse 10645). 8, Corchorus kirkii, fruit, x 1 ( Meeuse 10240). 9, Corchorus merxmuelleri,

fruit, x 1 ( Giess , Volk & Bleissner 6228). 10, Corchorus tridens, fruit, x 1 (De Winter & Wiss 4535).

Tiliaceae

1: 37

rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, mar-

gin dentate-crenate or serrate, toothing very

variable in size, sometimes irregular or biser-

rate and from very coarsely to rather finely

toothed, basal setae absent, glabrous on both

sides or sparsely to densely hispid with tuber-

cular-based hairs; petiole up to 10 mm long,

pubescent at least on the upper side; stipules

up to 10 mm long, setaceous, setulose-pubes-

cent. Inflorescence of single 1-3-flowered

cymes opposite or subopposite the upper leaf

axils; peduncle obsolete or up to 4 mm long,

pubescent or glabrous; pedicels similar, up to

5 mm long; bracts about 2,5 mm long, seta-

ceous, pubescent. Sepals 6-10 mm long, lin-

ear to linear-oblanceolate, glabrous on both

sides or setulose-pubescent at the back, acu-

minate but not caudate at the apex, not

keeled. Petals yellow, as long as the sepals,

oblanceolate to obovate, with a basal claw

about 0,75 mm long and with ciliate margin.

Androgynophore about 0,3 mm tall, extended

above into a slightly undulate annulus. Sta-

mens filamentous, very numerous. Ovary tri-

gonously subcylindric, very shortly setulose-

pubescent, 3-locular; style 2-7 mm long,

glabrous. Capsule 20-30 mm long, many-

seeded, often on rather twisted or curved

pedicels and therefore variable in its pres-

entation, subcylindric not 3-angled, sparsely

setulose-scabrid, attenuated to a blunt, undi-

vided apex; seeds dark brown, 1,3-2 x 0,75-

1,0 mm, shortly cylindric. Fig. 4: 1.

This species is one of those which, without protec-

tion, are regularly burnt down to ground level in the dry

season. It occurs in open woodland or bushland and at the

margins of vleis. Known from the eastern and north-west-

ern Cape, Natal, Orange Free State, Transvaal and South

West Alrica/Namibia. Also recorded from Mozambique,

Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana. Map 20.

Vouchers: Acoclcs 1445; 10837; 18132; Galpin 6483;

13508; Schlechter 3586.

An extremely polymorphic species but all the varia-

tions intergrade so freely that it is not possible to divide it

into satisfactory varieties. As regards pubescence, for in-

stance, every stage exists between the form with numer-

ous bulbous-based hairs on the leaves, represented by the

type of C. arenicola, and the quite glabrous leaves of the

type of C. serrifolius. See also notes under C. confusus

(no. 4).

6. Corchorus psammophilus Codd in Bo-

thalia 14: 221 (1983). Type: Transvaal, Nyl-

stroom District, 5 km N of P.O. Ons Hoop,

Codd 8460 (PRE, holo.!).

Perennial herb with several prostate,

slender, simple or sparingly branched, villous

stems 0, 3-0,6 m long, radiating from a slen-

der woody tap-root. Leaf-blade 30-45 x

15-20 mm, ovate-oblong to broadly elliptic,

strigose on both surfaces, nerves prominent

below, apex rounded, base rounded to trun-

cate, margin minutely crenulate; petiole 3-

6 mm long, pilose. Inflorescence subsessile to

shortly pedunculate, 1-3-flowered, suboppo-

site the leaves; pedicels 6-8 mm long, re-

curved, pilose; bracts 4-5 mm long, seta-

ceous. Sepals 7-9 x 1,5 mm, narrowly

lanceolate, acuminate, villous without. Petals

yellow, 6-8 x 3-5 mm, oblanceolate to obo-

vate, shortly clawed. Androgynophore 0,5 mm

tall. Stamens numerous; filaments about 4 mm

long. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, 3-locular,

densely strigose; style 7 mm long; stigma

fimbrillate. Capsule 18—25 x 2 mm, subcylin-

dric, somewhat arcuate, strigose; seeds nu-

merous, blackish, 1,75 x 1 mm, oblong-cylin-

dric.

Known at present only from the north-western

Transvaal, in open Terminalia sericea veld on sandy flats.

Map 21.

Vouchers: Codd 8460; Smook 4320a.

It differs from C. asplenifolius in the ovate-oblong to

broadly elliptic leaves with finely crenulate margins and

the prominent veins on the under-surface.

7. Corchorus schimperi Cufod. in Bull.

Jard. bot. Etat Brux. 28: 516 (1958); Wild in

F.Z. 2,1: 87 (1963); Roessl. in F.S.W.A. 81:

4 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal 240 (1972). Type:

Ethiopia, Schimper s.n. (P, holo.; K!).

C. muricatus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. FI. Abyss. 1:

81 (1847); Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 263 (1868); nom. illegit.,

non C. muricatus Schumach. & Thonn. Type: as above.

Annual herb branching from low down,

at first erect but later branches often pros-

1: 38

Tiliaceae

trate; branches with a line of short curly hairs

on one side. Leaf-blade 10-50 x 7—15 mm,

lanceolate or oblong, apex rounded, base

broadly cuneate or rounded, sometimes

rather asymmetric, margin crenate or crenate-

serrate, sparsely pilose at least on the nerves

beneath and at the margins; petiole up to 7 mm

long, pubescent on the upper side; stipules

2-3 mm long, setaceous, sparsely ciliate-pu-

bescent. Inflorescences of 1-3-flowered extra-

axillary fascicles, the peduncles usually being

obsolete; pedicels up to 2 mm long, pubes-

cent, twisted in fruit; bracts 1-2 mm long,

setaceous. Sepals about 3-5 mm long, linear

to very narrowly elliptic, shortly acuminate

at the apex, pubescent on the back. Petals

yellow, as long as the sepals, narrowly obo-

vate to obovate; basal claw, if present, min-

utely ciliolate, shorter than 0,5 mm. Andro-

gynophore and annulus very minute, about

0,25 mm tall. Stamens filamentous, numerous.

Ovary trigonously cylindric, 3-locular, very

minutely setulose-pubescent; style 2,5 mm

long, glabrous, very slender. Capsule up to

25 mm long, straight or often curved, trigo-

nous, with the angles muricate or sharply

toothed, 3-valved, with many seeds; beak

very short, undivided and blunt; seeds about

1,4 x 0,75 mm, subcylindric, dark brown.

Fig. 4: 7.

Commonly a weed of cultivation but also recorded

from vlei margins. Recorded from the Transvaal, Orange

Free State, Natal, northern Cape Province and in Zam-

bia, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia. Map 21.

Vouchers: Acocks 1451; Leistner 1843; Meeuse

10645.

MAP 21. — * Corchorus psammophilus

* Corchorus schimperi

• Corchorus sulcatus

® Corchorus sulcatus and C. schimperi

This is an inconspicuous plant and the considerable

discontinuity in its distribution is probably only apparent

and will disappear with more careful collecting.

8. Corchorus sulcatus Verdoorn in Bo-

thalia 10: 81 (1969). Type: Transvaal, Potgie-

tersrus, 16 km S. of Roedtan, Codd & Ver-

doorn 10376 (PRE, holo.!).

Perennial with woody rootstock; branch-

es prostrate, usually under 0,3 m long, seri-

ceous or sericeo-villous. Leaf-blade 10-32 x

4-16 mm, ovate, subrotund or narrowly

ovate-oblong, margin crenate-dentate, lateral

nerves deeply impressed on the upper sur-

face, prominent beneath, sulcate between the

lateral nerves, upper surface sericeous or

sparsely villous becoming almost glabrous,

lower surface densely and persistently ap-

pressed sericeo-villous; petiole 2-10 mm

long, sericeous or villous. Inflorescence of

small 1-3-flowered cymes subopposite the

leaves, subsessile or with a peduncle up to

1,5 mm long; pedicels 1-4 mm long, villous,

strongly recurved at fruiting stage; bracts nar-

rowly linear, acuminate, sparsely pilose. Se-

pals about 6 x 1,75 mm, narrowly lanceolate-

elliptic, pilose without. Petals yellow, about

as long as the sepals, obovate, shortly clawed,

claw very sparsely and minutely ciliate. An-

drogynophore about 0,75 mm long. Stamens

numerous; filaments about 4 mm long; anth-

ers 0,75 mm long. Ovary 3-locular, narrowly

oblong-elliptic, densely strigose; style about 4

mm long, more or less glabrous. Capsule

15-25 mm long, 3-valved; pedicels strongly

recurved, about 4 mm long, persistent. Fig. 4:

6.

Locally frequent on limestone formations in dry

bush veld. Recorded from northern Cape and central

Transvaal. Map 21 .

Vouchers: Acocks 1445; 23359; Verdoorn 2511.

C. sulcatus approaches the variable species C. asple-

nifolius (no. 5) in the procumbent habit and the similarly

shaped capsules borne on strongly recurved pedicels. It

differs in the pubescence uf the under-surface of the leaves

and the broader leaf-blades.

9. Corchorus pinnatipartitus Wild in Bo-

thalia 7: 423 (1960). Type: Cape Province,

Kuruman Division, Cardington, Esterhuysen

2188 (K, holo.!; BOL!; PRE!).

Small perennial with a woody rootstock;

branches up to 0,2 m long, suberect or some-

what trailing, glabrous except for a line of

crisped hairs down one side of each inter-

node. Leaf-blade up to 25 x 12 mm, narrowly

oblong in outline but deeply pinnatipartite at

least four-fifths of the way to the midrib,

Tiliaceae

1: 39

sometimes somewhat palmately lobed at the

base, lobes blunt or subacute, entire or some-

times with a supplementary side-tooth, leaf-

apex rounded or subacute, base truncate or

shallowly cordate, basal setae absent, glab-

rous on both sides or minutely and sparsely

puberulent on the midrib below, very min-

utely punctulate on both sides; petiole up to 7

mm long, with a line of hairs on the upper

side; stipules about 2 mm long, lanceolate

with a subulate apex. Inflorescence of 1-3-

flowered fascicles opposite the leaves or oc-

casionally with very short peduncles; pedicels

up to 10 mm long, slender, puberulous; bracts

about 1 mm long, setaceous. Sepals often pur-

plish or pinkish, about 7 mm long, oblanceo-

late, apex subacute or acute, glabrous. Petals

yellowish or tinged pinkish purple, as long as

the sepals, narrowly obovate; claw minutely

ciliolate on the margin. Androgynophore

0,25 mm tall, extended above into a very nar-

row annulus. Stamens filamentous, very nu-

merous. Ovary trigonously ellipsoid, 3-locu-

lar, very minutely glandular-papillose; style

about 3 mm long, slender. Capsule about 20

x 2 mm, subcylindric, often on a twisted or

recurved pedicel, sparsely glandular, blunt

and undivided at the apex; seeds numerous,

dark brown, 1,5 X 1 mm, subcylindric, angu-

lar.

Confined, so far as it is known at present, to the Gri-

qualand West area in Cape Province, apprently common

on limestone soils. The flowers open in the afternoon.

Map 22.

Vouchers: Brueckner 154; Esterhuysen 2251.

10. Corchorus longipedunculatus Mast.

in F.T.A. 1: 262 (1868); Burtt Davy, H.

Transv. 1: 257 (1926); Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 86

(1963); Wild & Gonsalves in F.M. 28: 62

(1969); Gongalves in Garcia de Orta, ser.

Bot. 4,1: 78 (1979). Type: Mozambique, op-

posite Sena, Kirk s.n. (K, holo.!).

Annual herb up to 0,6 m tall, branching

low down with many ascending, slender stems;

branchlets angular or compressed at first, glab-

rous. Leaf-blade 10-80 x 2-3,5 mm, linear,

acuminate at the apex, cuneate or narrowly

truncate at the base, margin denticulate, glab-

rous or minutely setulose-pubescent on the

midrib below; petiole up to 5 mm long, very

shortly pubescent on the upper side; stipules

5-7 mm long, setaceous, glabrous. Inflores-

cence of 1-3-flowered cymes opposite the up-

per leaves; peduncles up to 20 mm long, hair-

like, glabrous; pedicels similar, up to 10 mm

long; bracts 2-3 mm long, setaceous, gla-

brous. Sepals about 4 mm long, very narrowly

elliptic to linear, caudate or setaceous at the

apex, glabrous, margins somewhat inrolled.

Petals yellow, 3-4 mm long, linear to very

narrowly oblanceolate, not clawed or cilate at

the base. Androgynophore and annulus al-

most or quite obsolete. Stamens about 12,

filamentous. Ovary trigonously subcylindric,

3-locular, very minutely setulose-pubescent;

style 1 — 1,5 mm long, glabrous. Capsule

20-50 mm long, many-seeded, trigonous,

with an undivided beak, narrowed to the

base, glabrous, 3-valved, valves hollowed out

to receive the seeds within; seeds brown,

about 0,8 x 1,5 mm, subcylindric.

Recorded from Transvaal and adjacent parts of Zim-

babwe and Mozambique. Map 22.

Vouchers: Acocks 16721: Codd 5248; Smuts & Gillett

2037.

This is a most characteristic but inconspicuous plant

and it is probably commoner and more widely distributed

than the known number of gatherings indicates.

11. Corchorus angolensis Exell & Men-

donqa in Bolm Soc. broteriana, ser. 2, 25:

103 (1951); C.F.A. 1,2: 240 (1951); Roessl. in

F.S.W.A. 81: 1 (1969). Type: Angola, Huila,

Ungueria, Exell & Mendonqa 2488 (BM,

holo.!; COI!).

Fine-stemmed shrublet up to about 0,6 m

tall; stems finely pubescent on all sides. Leaf-

blade up to 70 x 28 mm, membranous, lan-

ceolate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate,

or narrowly lanceolate, apex acute, base ob-

tuse to slightly cordate, margin serrate or

more rarely serrate-crenate, glabrous or

sparsely pilose on both sides; petiole 5-

25 mm long, slender, pubescent; stipules

about 4 mm long, filiform, pubescent. Inflo-

rescence of small (1-) 2-5-flowered cymes

opposite the upper leaves; peduncles up to 25

mm long, pubescent; pedicels similar, up to 8

mm long; bracts filiform, similar to the stipu-

les. Sepals 10 x 2,5 mm, lanceolate, apex

caudate, pubescent outside. Petals 8 x 4,5

mm, narrowly obovate, with a short basal

claw ciliate on the margin. Androgynophore

about 0,5 mm long, extended above into a

puberulent or glabrous annulus. Stamens nu-

merous, filamentous. Ovary 3-locular, trigo-

nously cylindric, pubescent; style about 3 mm

long, slender, glabrous. Capsule 30-60 mm

long, on a straight fruiting pedicel, trigonous,

undivided at the apex; valves glabrous when

1: 40

Tiliaceae

mature; seeds numerous, dark grey, 1,5-2, 2

x 0,9-1, 2 mm.

• Corchorus angolensis

4 Corchorus merxmuelleri

A species of dry woodland or river banks. Recorded

in South West Africa/Namibia only from the Kaokoland

so far but also widespread in Angola. Map 22.

Vouchers: De Winter & Leistner 5232.

Very near C. confusus (no. 4) but much less variable

than that species and with a very characteristic, thin-

stemmed, bushy habit.

12. Corchorus merxmuelleri Wild in Bo-

thalia 7: 423 (1960); Roessl. in F.S.W.A.

81: 3 (1969). Type: South West Africa/Nami-

bia, Otjihorongo Reserve, Omaruru, Merx-

muller & Giess 1620 (M, holo.!; PRE!).

Shrub about 2 m tall with numerous

spreading branches; young branchlets grey-to-

mentellous, later glabrescent with a brown

bark. Leaf-blade up to 22 x 16 mm, ovate,

apex acute, base shallowly cordate, margin

coarsely serrate-dentate, greyish tomentellous

and stellately pubescent on both sides; petiole

up to 6 mm long, greyish tomentellous on all

sides; stipules about 2 mm long, subulate,

greyish tomentellous. Inflorescence of 1-2-

flowered cymes opposite the upper leaves; pe-

duncles up to 2 mm long, greyish tomentel-

lous; pedicels up to 5 mm long, greyish to-

mentellous; bracts 1,5 mm long, subulate,

greyish tomentellous. Sepals 5-6 x 0,75-

1,0 mm, narrowly oblanceolate, apex long

acuminate, slightly keeled at the back, grey-

ish tomentellous outside, glabrous inside. Pe-

tals yellow, 9 x 4,5 mm, narrowly obovate,

with a short basal claw minutely ciliate on the

margin. Androgynophore about 0,5 mm long,

extended above into a puberulent annulus.

Stamens numerous, filamentous. Ovary 3-lo-

cular, trigonously cylindric, very shortly to-

mentellous; style 4 mm long, slender, glab-

rous. Capsule 30-45 x 15 mm, subcylindric,

slightly torulose, with an obtuse rostrate apex

about 2 mm long; valves greyish tomentellous

outside at first, sparsely stellate-puberulent

later; seeds numerous, brown, about 2 x

1 mm. Fig. 4: 9.

Recorded only from the northern areas of South

West Africa/Namibia and is reported to occur on the

north sides of koppies. Map 22.

Vouchers: De Winter & Hardy 8206; 8217; Giess

3978.

An unusually large plant for a Corchorus sp.

13. Corchorus velutinus Wild in Bolm

Soc. Broteriana ser. 2, 31: 92 (1957); Wild in

F.Z. 2,1: 90 (1963); Wild & Gongalves in

F.M. 28: 65 (1969). Type: Transvaal, Acocks

16767 (K, holo.!; PRE!).

Small shrub up to 1 m tall, all parts ex-

cept the corolla with a short, dense, velvety,

greyish yellow indumentum, the old stems be-

coming glabrous finally with a brownish bark.

Leaf-blade 20-50 x 6-25 mm, narrowly ob-

long or narrowly elliptic, submucronate and

obtuse at the apex, widely cuneate at the

base, dentate or repand-dentate at the mar-

gin, with 13-15 pairs of rather inconspicuous

nerves which are slightly immersed above and

slightly raised below; petiole about 10 mm

long; stipules 1-2 mm long, caducous, subu-

late. Inflorescence of small, 3-11-flowered

cymes opposite the upper leaves or borne

some distance from the nodes; peduncles up

to 15 mm long; pedicels similar, up to 15 mm

long; bracts about 2 mm long, subulate. Se-

pals up to 10 x 2,5 mm, narrowly elliptic or

very narrowly elliptic, somewhat keeled dor-

sally, caudate at the apex (thus rendering the

bud apiculate at its apex), velvety outside,

glabrous within. Petals yellow, up to 10 x 3

mm, narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, with a

small basal claw about 1,2 mm long and with

a very shortly stellately pubescent margin.

Androgynophore 0,5 mm tall, with an annulus

above. Stamens numerous, filiform. Ovary 3-

locular, cylindric, shortly stellately villose;

style about 4 mm long, glabrous. Capsule cy-

lindric, not beaked, sometimes slightly toru-

lose, greyish or yellowish velvety-tomentose

with longer tufted hairs scattered among the

shorter stellate indumentum; seeds numer-

Tiliaceae

1: 41

ous, about 2,5 x 1,2 mm, irregularly ellip-

soid, very dark brown.

A species of dry deciduous woodland on sandy soils

in the Limpopo valley. Occurs also in the adjacent parts

of Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Map 23.

Vouchers: Codd 5346: Van der Schijff 1831; 2725.

MAP 23. — ▼ Corchorus velutinus

* Corchorus kirkii

• Corchorus junodii

® Corchorus junodii and C. velutinus

14. Corchorus kirkii N.E.Br. in Kew

Bull. 1908: 288 (1908); Weim. in Svensk bot.

Tidskr. 30: 478, t.16 (1936); Wild in F.Z. 2,1:

89 (1963); Wild & Gonsalves in F.M. 28: 65

(1969). Syntypes: Mozambique, Tete, Kirk

s.n. (K!); between Tete and Lupata, Kirk s.n.

(K!).

C. hirsutus sensu Mast, in F.T.A. 1: 264 (1868).

C. pongolensis Burtt Davy & Greenway in Burtt Davy.

FI. Transv. 1: 37, 258 (1926); Weim. in Svensk bot.

Tidskr. 30: 477, t.l fig. a (1936). Type: Transvaal, Water-

berg District, Schlechter 4265 (K, holo.!; PRE!).

Small shrub up to 2,5 m tall; branches

densely greyish or yellowish tomentose. Leaf-

blade 24-100 x 8-27 mm, oblong to oblong-

lanceolate, rounded or acute at the apex,

rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, mar-

gin coarsely serrate, repand or finely serrate,

thick-textured, densely grey-green or yellow-

ish tomentose on both sides, nerves impress-

ed above, somewhat prominent below; pe-

tiole up to 13 mm long, greyish or yellowish

tomentose; stipules up to 5 mm long, subu-

late, tomentose on the back. Inflorescence of

leaf-opposed 3-8-flowered cymes; peduncles

up to 10 mm long but often much shorter, to-

mentose; pedicels similar, up to 3 mm; bracts

up to 8 mm long, subulate, tomentose or pi-

lose on the back. Sepals up to 10 mm long,

lanceolate-acuminate to linear, stellately pi-

lose or tomentose on the back. Petals yellow,

the same length as the sepals, narrowly obo-

vate to linear-oblong, with a short basal claw

ciliolate on the margin. Androgynophore

0,4 mm long with an annulus above. Stamens

20-30, filiform. Ovary cylindric, 3- or oc-

casionally 4-locular, many-seeded, densely

stellately pilose; style about 2 mm long, glab-

rous. Capsule up to 30 mm long, not beaked,

narrowly ovoid to linear-cylindric, densely

clothed with soft, stellately hairy bristles;

seeds brown, about 2,5 x 1,3 mm, com-

pressed-ellipsoid. Fig. 4: 8.

A species of open woodland which often occurs on

the slopes of rocky hills. From the Transvaal to Zim-

babwe, Mozambique and Botswana. Map 23.

Vouchers: Codd & Dver 3857; 9186; Meeuse 9330;

Story 1841.

The extreme form, represented by the type of C.

pongolensis, would at first sight appear to be distinct. Its

characteristic, greyish, tufted indumentum, its narrowly

ovoid fruits, bracts usually longer than the flowers and

leaves wider in proportion to their length, all seem to sep-

arate it from C. kirkii with a smoother, velvety, yellowish

indumentum, cylindric fruits and bracts shorter than the

flowers. When the full range of material is examined,

however, each one of these characters of typical C. pong-

olensis can be found in what is otherwise typical C. kirkii ,

uncorrelated with the remainder. What is more, there is

no phytogeographical segregation of the two entities.

Plants with the elongate fruits of C. kirkii are found near

the type locality of C. pongolensis in the Transvaal and

plants with the indumentum of the latter, but agreeing

otherwise with C. kirkii , are found on the northern bor-

ders of Zimbabwe, not far from the type locality of C. kir-

kii. It is possible that two distinct species once existed but

owing to the overlapping of their two ranges of distribu-

tion widespread hybridisation took place and a hybrid

swarm was produced with a continuous range of variation

between the two extremes.

The bark of this plant is occasionally used for basket

making.

15. Corchorus junodii (Schinz) N.E.Br.

in Kew Bull. 1908: 287 (1908); Weim. in

Svensk bot. Tidskr. 30: 480, t.l, fig. d (1936);

Wild in F.Z. 2,1: 90 (1963); Wild & Gon-

galves in F.M. 28: 66 (1969); Ross, FI. Natal

240 (1972). Type: Mozambique, Delagoa

Bay , Junod s.n. (Z, holo.!).

Triumfetta junodii Schinz in Mem. Flerb. Boissier 10:

49 (1900). Type: as above.

C. discolor N.E.Br. in Kew Bull. 1908: 287 (1908).

Type: Natal, Medley Wood 10186 (K, holo.!).

Small shrub up to 1,6 m tall; young

branches greyish pubescent, older branches

glabrescent and brown. Leaf -blade 15-60 x

1: 42

Tiliaceae

6-20 mm, lanceolate, oblong or elliptic,

rounded or acute at the apex, rounded or

broadly cuneate at the base, margin coarsely

dentate, shortly and densely greenish tomen-

tose or glabrescent above, densely whitish

or yellowish tomentose below; petiole up to

10 mm long, densely grey-pubescent; stipules

2-4 mm long, subulate, densely grey-pubes-

cent. Inflorescence of leaf-opposed 3-5-

flowered cymes; peduncles up to 10 mm long,

densely grey-pubescent; pedicels similar, up

to 5 mm long; bracts about 3 mm long, subu-

late, grey-pubescent. Sepals up to 10 mm long

and with a caudate apex, up to 4,5 mm long

but often less, linear, densely pubescent out-

side, glabrous within. Petals yellow, 7-8 mm

long, oblanceolate, with a basal claw up to 1

mm long with ciliolate margin. Androgyno-

phore 0,5 mm long with a well developed an-

nulus above with somewhat undulate margin.

Stamens numerous, filiform. Ovary ovoid,

densely pubescent, 5-locular, ovules very nu-

merous; style 3-4 mm long, glabrous. Cap-

sule up to 20 x 15 mm including the bristles,

ovoid with a dense covering of rather stiff,

stellately plumose bristles up to 5 mm long;

seeds brown, 2 x 1,3 mm, irregularly ellip-

soid. Fig. 4: 5.

Confined to Natal, the Transvaal and the southern

provinces of Mozambique. Map 23.

Vouchers: Codd 5944; 7039; Medley Wood 10186;

Schlieben 9314.

Tiliaceae

1: 43

INDEX

Bartramia indica L 1: 24

Chadara tenax Forssk 1: 15

Corchorus L 1:32

angolensis Exell & Mendonqa 1: 39

arenicola Hochr 1:35

asplenifolius Burch 1: 35

capsularis L 1:32

confusus Wild 1: 35

discolor N.E.Br 1:41

hirsutus sensu Mast 1:41

junodii (Schinz) N.E.Br 1:41

kirkii N. E. Br 1:41

longipedunculatus Mast 1: 39

merxmuelleri Wild 1: 40

muricatus Hochst. ex A. Rich.

non Schumach. & Thonn 1: 37

olitorius L 1: 33

pinnatipartitus Wild 1: 38

pongolensis Burtt Davy & Greenway 1:41

psammophilus Codd 1: 37

schimperi Cufod 1 : 37

serrifolius Burch, (as ‘serraefolius’ ) 1:35

var. linearifolius Szyszyl 1: 35

var. lancifolius Szyszyl 1: 35

sulcatus Verdoorn 1: 38

tridens L 1:34

trilocularis L 1:33

trilocularis sensu Burtt Davy 1:35

velutinus Wild 1: 40

Elaeocarpus serratus L 1:1

Grewia L 1:1

section Axillares

Burret 1:9,10,11,12,13,14

section Glomeratae Burret 1:4

section Grewia 1:15,16,17,18,19

section Microcos (L.) Wight & Arn 1:4

section Oppositiflorae Burret 1:15

section Pluriovulatae Burret 1:5,6, 7

subsection Apodogynae Burret 1:7

subsection Podogynae Burret 1:7

angolensis sensu Szyszyl 1: 16

aspera Schinz 1:5

avellana Hiern 1: 17

betulaefolia Juss 1:15

betulifolia Schinz 1:15

bicolor Juss 1:9

var. dinteri (Schinz) Burret 1:9

var. dinteri sensu Burret 1:12

caffra Meisn 1:7

calycina N.E.Br 1:17

cana Sond 1:12

carpinifolia Juss 1:6

carpinifolia sensu Szyszyl 1:5

columnaris sensu Szyszyl 1:16

cordata N.E.Br 1:10

deserticola Ulbr 1:5

dinteri Schinz 1:9

discolor sensu Harv 1: 10

disticha Dinter & Burret 1:9

falcistipula K. Schum 1:7

flava DC 1: 12

flava sensu Harv 1: 19

flavescens Juss 1:4

var. flavescens 1:5

var. olukondae (Schinz) Wild 1:5

gracillima Wild 1:6

grisea N.E.Br 1:9

guazumaefolia sensu Mast. 1:17

hermannioides Harv 1: 12

hexamita Burret 1:12

hispida Harv 1:18

hornbyi Wild 1:11

hydrophila K. Schum 1: 17

inaequilatera Garcke 1:13

krebsiana Kuntze 1 : 19

kwebensis N.E.Br 1:9

lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv 1: 18

madandensis J. R. Drummond 1:15

megalocarpa sensu Szyszyl 1:18

messinica Burtt Davy & Greenway 1: 13

microthyrsa K. Schum. ex Burret 1:3

miniata Mast, ex Hiern 1:9

monticola Sond 1: 10

mossambicensis Burret 1:9

mossamedensis Exell & Mendonqa 1:16

occidentalis L 1:16

occidentals sensu O.B. Mill 1: 17

olukondae Schinz 1:5

pachycalyx K. Schum 1: 17

pentheri Gandoger 1:16

perennans K. Schum 1: 17

pilosa sensu Szyszyl., pro parte 1:10

pinacostigma K. Schum 1: 14

pondoensis Burret 1:16

populifoliaV ahl 1:15

populifolia sensu Szyszyl 1:9

rautanenii Schinz 1:5

retinervis Burret 1:5

rhytidophylla sensu Burtt Davy 1:13

robusta Burch 1:19

rogersii Burtt Davy & Greenway 1: 14

rubescens Burret 1:11

rudatisii Burret 1: 16

rupestris Dinter & Schinz 1:15

schinzii K. Schum 1: 14

schweickerdtii Burrett 1:13

subspathulata N. E. Br 1:11

1: 44

Tiliaceae

sulcata Mast 1:

tenax (Forssk.) Fiori 1:

vernicosa Schinz 1

villosa Willd 1

Microcos (L.) Wight & Am 1

Sparrmannia L.f. 1:

abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich.

var. micrantha Burret 1:

africana L.f. 1:

palmata E. Mey. ex. Harv 1:

ricinocarpa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze 1:

subsp. micrantha (Burret) Weim 1:

subsp. ricinocarpa 1:

wittei Staner 1:

Triumfetta L 1:

angolensis Sprague & Hutch 1:

annua L 1:

forma annua 1:

forma piligera Sprague & Hutch 1:

bartramia L 1:

benguelensis Wawra & Peyr 1:

delicatula Sprague & Hutch 1:

diversifolia E. Mey 1:

effusa E. Mey. ex Harv 1:

var. leiocalyx Sprague & Hutch 1:

hirsuta Sprague & Hutch 1:

holosericea Schinz 1:

junodii Schinz 1:

lappula L 1:20

mastersii Bak.f 1:22

var. descampsii sensu Burtt Davy 1: 22

obtusicornis Sprague & Hutch 1: 22

pentandra A. Rich 1: 25

pilosa Roth 1: 26

var. effusa (E. Mey. ex. Harv.) Wild 1: 27

var. tomentosa (Boj.) Szyszyl 1:27

var. tomentosa Szyszyl.

ex Sprague & Hutch 1: 26

pilosa sensu Hutch 1: 26

pseudorhomboidea Szyszyl 1:27

rehmannii Szyszyl 1: 22

rhomboidea Jacq 1:24

var. tomentosa Szyszyl 1: 24

riparia Hochst 1:24

sonderi Ficalho & Hiern 1: 21

sonderiana H. Bol 1: 21

tomentosa Boj 1 : 27

tomentosa sensu E. Mey. ex. Harv 1: 26

trichocarpa Sond 1: 21

welwitschii Mast 1: 21

var. hirsuta (Sprague & Hutch.) Wild 1:22

var. rehmannii (Szyszyl.)

Sprague & Hutch 1: 22

var. welwitschii 1:22

Urena ricinocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh 1: 31

Vincentia Boj 1:2

14

15

.: 7

.: 4

.: 2

29

31

29

31

29

31

31

31

20

28

25

26

26

24

24

27

24

27

27

22

27

41

Vol. 10: Part 1: Loranthaceae, Viscaceae (Published 1979). Price: R2,00. Overseas: R2,50. Post free

Santalaceae, Grubbiaceae, Opiliaceae, Olacaceae, Balanophoraceae, Aristolochiaceae, Rafflesiaceae, Hydno-

raceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Nyctaginaceae

Vol. 11: Phytolaccaceae, Aizoaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae

Vol. 12: Portulaccaceae, Basellaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Illecebraceae, Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Ceratophylla-

ceae, Ranunculaceae, Menispermaceae, Annonaceae, Trimeniaceae, Lauraceae, Hernandiaceae, Papavera-

ceae, Fumariaceae

Vol. 13: Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Resedaceae, Moringaceae, Droseraceae, Roridulaceae, Podostemaceae, Hydrosta-

chyaceae (Published 1970). Price: R10,00. Overseas: R12,00. Post free

Vol. 14: Crassulaceae

Vol. 15: Vahliaceae, Montiniaceae, Escalloniaceae, Pittosporaceae, Cunoniaceae, Myrothamnaceae, Bruniaceae, Ham-

amelidaceae, Rosaceae, Connaraceae

Vol. 16: Fabaceae: Part 1: Mimosoideae (Published 1975). Price: R13,50. Overseas: R16,75. Post free

Part 2: Caesalpinioideae (Published 1977). Price: R16,00. Overseas: R20,00. Post free

Papilionoideae

Vol. 17: Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae

Vol. 18: Linaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Balanitaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, Burseraceae, Ptaeroxy-

laceae, Meliaceae, Aitoniaceae, Malpighiaceae

Vol. 19: Polygalaceae, Dichapetalaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Callitrichaceae, Buxaceae, Anacardiaceae, Aquifoliaceae

Vol. 20: Celastraceae, Icacinaceae, Sapindaceae, Melianthaceae, Greyiaceae, Balsaminaceae, Rhamnaceae, Vitaceae

Vol. 21: Parti: Tiliaceae (Published 1984). Price: R4,30 Overseas: R5, 00 Post free.

Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae

Vol. 22: Ochnaceae, Clusiaceae, Elatinaceae, Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae, Canellaceae, Violaceae, Flacourtiaceae,

Turneraceae, Passifloraceae, Achariaceae, Loasaceae, Begoniaceae, Cactaceae (Published 1976).

Price: R8,60. Overseas: R10, 75. Post free

Vol. 23: Geissolomaceae, Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Thymelaeaccae, Lythraceae, Lecythidaceae

Vol. 24: Rhizophoraceae, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Onagraceae, Trapaceae, Haloragidaceae,

Gunneraceae, Araliaccae, Apiaceae, Cornaceae

Vol. 25: Ericaceae

Vol. 26: Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Oleaceae, Salvadoraceae, Loganiaceae,

Gentianaceae, Apocynaceae (Published 1963). Price: R4,60. Overseas: R5,75. Post free

Vol. 27: Parti: Periplocaceae, Asclepiadaceae (Microloma-Xysmalobium)

Part 2: Asclepiadaceae (Schizoglossum-Woodia)

Part 3: Asclepiadaceae (Asclepias-Anisotoma)

Part 4: Asclepiadaceae (Brachystelma-Riocreuxia) (Published 1980), Price: R4,50. Overseas: R6,00. Post free

Asclepiadaceae (remaining genera)

Vol. 28: Cuscutaceae, Convolvulaceae , Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginaceae, Stilbaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Solana-

ceae, Retziaceae

Vol. 29: Scrophulariaceae

Vol. 30: Bignoniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Martyniaceae, Orobanchaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Acanthaceae,

Myoporaceae

Vol. 31: Plantaginaceae, Rubiaceae, Valerianaceae, Dipsacaceae, Cucurbitaceae

Vol. 32: Campanulaceae, Sphenocleaceae, Lobeliaceae, Goodeniaceae

Vol. 33: Asteraceae: Parti: Lactuceae, Mutisieae, ‘Tarchonantheae’

Part 2: Vernonieae, Cardueae

Part 3: Arctotideae

Part 4: Anthemideae

Part 5: Astereae

Part 6: Calenduleae

Part 7: Inuleae: Fascicle 1: Inulinae

Fascicle 2: Gnaphaliinae (First part) (Published 1983). Price R13,70 Other coun-

tries: R16,20 Post free.

Part 8: Heliantheae, Eupatorieae

Part 9: Senecioneae