FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

All contributions should be compiled in accordance with the Guide to Contributors to the Flora of Southern Africa

(compiled by Ross, Leistner & De Winter) which is available from the Librarian, Botanical Research Institute, Private Bag

X101, Pretoria, 0001.

Cryptogam volumes will in future not be numbered but will be known by the name of the group they cover. The

number assigned to the volume on Charophyta therefore becomes redundant.

Alien families are marked with an asterisk.

Published volumes and parts are shown in italics.

Please note that local prices as given below do not include GST. Prices given for other countries include postage.

es INTRODUCTORY VOLUMES

The genera of Southern African flowering plants

. Vol. 1: Dicotyledons (Published 1975). Price: R11,23. Other countries: R14,00

Vol. 2: Monocotyledons (Published 1976). Price: R8,21. Other countries: R10,00

Botanical exploration of Southern Africa (Published 1981). Price: R40,00 (Obtainable from booksellers)

CRYPTOGAM VOLUMES

C harophyta (Published as Vol. 9 in 1978). Price: R4,25. Other countries: R5,30

Bryophyta:

Part 1: Mosses: Fascicle 1: Sphagnaceae—Grimmiaceae

(Published 1981). Price: R24,34. Other countries R30,40.

Fascicle 2: Gigaspermaceae—Bartramiaceae

Fascicle 3: Erpodiaceae—Hookeriaceae

Fascicle 4: Fabroniaceae—Polytrichaceae

Pteridophyta (Published 1986). Price: R46,30. Other countries: R55 ,60

FLOWERING PLANTS VOLUMES

Vol. 1: | Stangeriaceae, Zamiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae*, Cupressaceae, Welwitschiaceae, Typhaceae, Zostera-

ceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Zannichelliaceae, Najadaceae, Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Alis-

mataceae, Hydrocharitaceae (Published 1966). Price: R1 ,98. Other countries: R2,60

Vol. 2: Poaceae

Vol.

Vol. 4: — Part 1: Restionaceae

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R7,50. Other countries: R9,40

Liliaceae, Agavaceae

Cyperaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Lemnaceae, Flagellariaceae

Vol.

Vol.6: | Haemodoraceae, Amaryllidaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Tecophilaeaceae, Velloziaceae, Dioscoreaceae

Vol. 7: Iridaceae: Part 1: Nivenioideae, [ridoideae

Part 2: Ixioideae: Fascicle |

Fascicle 2: Syringodea, Romulea

(Published 1983). Price: R3,96. Other countries: R5,00

Vol. 8: Musaceae, Strelitziaceae, Zingiberaceae, Cannaceae*, Burmanniaceae, Orchidaceae

Vol. 9: Casuarinaceae*, Piperaceae, Salicaceae, Myricaceae, Fagaceae™, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Cannabaceae*, Urtica-

ceae, Proteaceae ;

Vol. 10: | Part 1: Loranthaceae, Viscaceae (Published 1979). Price: R4,34. Other countries: R5,40

Santalaceae, Grubbiaceae, Opiliaceae, Olacaceae, Balanophoraceae, Aristolochiaceae, Rafflesiaceae, Hydnora-

ceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Nyctaginaceae

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Printed by the Government Printer and obtainable from the Directorate of Agricultural Information, Department of Agricul-

ture and Water Supply, Private Bag X144, Pretoria, 0001.

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND WATER SUPPLY

DEPARTEMENT VAN LANDBOU EN WATERVOORSIENING

FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

PTERIDOPHYTA

an abe Mb Sek TU SE ee omiins «

' JUN 23 1987

LIBRARIES

ISBN 0 621 08877 3

G.P.-S. 021-9000

Edmund André Charles Louis Eloi Schelpe

27 July 1924-12 October 1985

Ecologist, taxonomist, phytogeographer, plant collector—

searcher with inspiring enthusiasm.

FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

which deals with the territories of

SOUTH AFRICA, CISKEI, TRANSKEI, LESOTHO, SWAZILAND, BOPHUTHATSWANA,

SOUTH WEST AFRICA/NAMIBIA, BOTSWANA AND VENDA

PTERIDOPHYTA

E.A.C.L.E. Schelpe and Nicola C. Anthony

University of Cape Town

Edited by

O. A. Leistner

Editorial Committee: B. de Winter, D. J. B. Killick and O. A. Leistner

Botanical Research Institute,

Department of Agriculture and Water Supply

1986

CONTENTS

INtFOdUCHON... scala Ailend Ree Adee Nem dehy vreeae enh WB). Dh colle hI AN a: Vil

Plan of Flora of Southern Africa .............cccceceeeeeeees te | leet Met he AIC Ey See Viii

Listot Orders, familtes dad Genera. acne ecculere ogc sacioaarctssner BRAT Jeet Wenzel ay DO gS x

PU IVT AIAG 550s. n a ncv alas? Ralale als edueleberca oma to rteteets Pane EN cca nectar dra nea iene, a Vicecceae enlae xii

ecg Benen Ranta nt ee Pesca ne matt or. hay OER le mn PORE ANEE MMR Mt EET RON Ee mt SON TS, Xill

Kew 10 (ne Of Orss sisssnreoa spaces ht ncn Sour sencia snus hd. Sebo tl, iu asm ile Nate ae Gates ]

PSILOPALES: PSIEOEACEAEY CEL Ol BER URS SRD) oh Bole oat 1

GRE Be Bes occa iy dee colo yk) ET SERS gen aM ar wears Oe 5

SELAGINEL LAL ES: SEL AGINELE ACE ABs casas éscaineuiudycensalenne tee pu ccd de evdeedsondmmneoiest 15

AG WY IB SM 0: 5) BS. Oe a ea et eae ee RY Sa OT Pualior NET MIT stem os 23

POUTSE At ao" POURSE DAGEAG, 0. ucuttiionde data Gani teem Bek ee cad SO area 29

OPHIOGLOSSALES sOPHIOGLOSSACEAR «.8.0.0:0ands. Se ee RE 31

EAI ACT TPA BS) ROR PP ACAE shite ce ech ee re eh os ag ce ve eae teal eens oleae 37

Ue 6/0) os ee Onn ee eMted WENe MPneeT inl eA Hee Mei amr ee WA Ute hel 39

COSNAINAD ACT ARG, 551 iad bel AA ae i ae ea ee a aaa et ae 43

ESS, SVN Ol SE ee aoe acc. Mee tne Maye une TE EP AL ER NS 47

SETHIZ EAA oe oince-sch v dvin c-diced wince ow pala Merncaaniona atten Berhe ccocnan, bre Pee MMR ND bl, 28 ce 49

RAISE ACRE oie op h cick bsaeudiar.cte ce suscep ae Named Senet Aare 8 a8 loiter 56

SM TN A og bccnan. 5 aba Soacneancsgys 065 CAME! cae oh eA wees mele UN tne eee: 65

GOSS OL | ee eee ae Ren RPE TTe Me eisr! OTM ery ee Sem ee 67

SLO | ClO & OF 5 nn aes one reese Ome eel ye bi eemret le ean NMP ME en ERIC A YT Te ERE 68

BNP NOP ET Y LLLACTEAE, ea ccncacs oceiicoa:Siscise 05 sancs-stee et lata eta cr I sy an eke te a Pn 71

BE NINST AB DITUACEAE 5 ao a.nsiaiain sc axethip ete sale wnigta citadel oe Tae ea 79

VAITTARIACEAR «2058 Tie oe I Ee. rae ec eee ee 89

ROMANTACBAE/PTERIDACEAB oie es ee eer ie en a Re Wee ols eee te Pree 91

BUNS RAC TEANE ci t 5 ae eet ee adh che ie a Rane OR ee ee, 149

MIN RARATT UD AO RE sy cis ts eve oho crdeis chic cae dk he eee ee ee i i en 151

POL FRODIACEAD soa nas <acven noses Et Ae IN cable tia BAS: AE Go RL 153

PSA VALTACRAR «ci orccanins ice ois tub wicnncrtstoeeliid shetlonta aoa Miah, taleenn a hls Sacto oh iat Clana ae 167

RSPLEDIACTAE i icohaacaxs nakevonmutalceumene erie at aie ae Se | reer eh ee 173

THEL VRTERIOAC CAR corte oh Seto Sk Gross care een eae bie ie Aon aly astral 207

REINER GAS. cise oct bgieath eae etna aN nN a tek ste NT a 814 neha Une aac ee 221

BONAR IO PSI ACE AR CIA ole oe ils er aiaae ann sean deuce alas tanh intauay mat ebetuaalle 230

MAPIDTACEARIDRYOP TER IIACE et sion ho od ate ora a A we Net i al lle a a 240

BLEGRVACEAE...acy Sigtsviec ie cite eta HCA Lae ee Ye en AE ek es See 265

AEs te, es spt Se EE I Pee te Ne ee Ma ie ni a naa 279

INTRODUCTION

The first comprehensive treatment of the Pteridophyta of Southern Africa was the first edition

(1892) of T. R. Sim’s The Ferns of South Africa. The arrangement and nomenclature was largely

based on the second edition (1874) of Hooker and Baker’s Synopsis Filicum. In 1915 Sim produced

the second edition of his work which follows Christensen’s Index Filicum (1906) and its Supple-

mentum (1913).

Over the past thirty years the senior author has travelled widely in this region in the course of

field work on this group. On overseas visits the type specimens of species occurring in this area

have been searched for and examined as far as possible. Most of the genera have been studied on a

pan-African basis as a necessary background to the present treatment which led also to the publica-

tion of the pteridophyte volumes of the Flora Zambesiaca (1970), Conspectus Florae Angolensis

(1977), Flora de Mocambique (1979) and taxonomic reviews of a number of fern families in

continental Africa.

Although a number of more recent classifications of the ferns have been proposed and a

number of genera redefined, the arrangement in this treatment follows that in the above works for

the sake of compatibility. Generic and species concepts are mostly construed in the wide sense

either for convenience or so as not to obscure phytogeographic relationships. However, a number

_ of these aggregate species and genera require cytotaxonomic study for their elucidation.

The following condensed abbreviations for literature are used:

CE ert 3 ea ene einen Conspectus Florae Angolensis

CAR Ge ee en omer Prodromus einer Flora von Stidwestafrika

|e SE ee ee re ac ee Flora of West Tropical Africa

5 See ee a. Flora Zambesiaca

This fascicle was compiled in accordance with a Guide to Contributors to the Flora of

Southern Africa (Ross, Leistner & De Winter, 1977), which is available from the Librarian,

Botanical Research Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001.

The initial research overseas was undertaken during the tenure of a Nuffield Travelling

Fellowship in the Natural Sciences; later overseas study visits were supported by grants from the

CSIR and the Bremner Fund of the University of Cape Town. The authors also wish to thank the

curators and directors of the following herbaria for making their facilities available, sending

herbarium material on loan or providing photographs and photostats of specimens: B, BLFU, BM,

C, E, G, GOET, GRA, K, LD, NBG, NH, NPB, NU, P, PRE, PRU, SAM, S, SRGH, STE, UPS,

WIND, Z. The work was brought to completion with the invaluable help of my research assistant,

Mrs Nicola C. Anthony, whose post was funded jointly by the then Department of Agriculture and

Fisheries and the University of Cape Town.

E. A. C..L. E. Schelpe, 1985.

Roux, J. P. in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 92: 343—381 (1986) could not be

taken into account. It appeared when this volume was in the last stages of preparation.—Editor.

Vil

PLAN OF FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

Cryptogam volumes will in future not be numbered but will be known by the name of the group they cover. The

number assigned to the volume on Charophyta therefore becomes redundant.

Alien families are marked with an asterisk.

Published volumes and parts are shown in italics.

Please note that local prices as given below do not include GST. Prices given for other countries include postage.

; INTRODUCTORY VOLUMES

The genera of Southern African flowering plants

Vol. 1: Dicotyledons (Published 1975). Price: R11,23. Other countries: R14,00

Vol. 2: Monocotyledons (Published 1976). Price: R8,21. Other countries R10,00

Botanical exploration of Southern Africa (Published 1981). Price: R40,00 (Obtainable from booksellers)

CRYPTOGAM VOLUMES

Charophyta (Published as Vol. 9 in 1978). Price: R4,25. Other countries: R5,30

Bryophyta:

Part 1: Mosses: Fascicle 1: Sphagnaceae—Grimmiaceae

(Published 1981). Price: R24,34. Other countries R30,40.

Fascicle 2: Gigaspermaceae—Bartramiaceae

Fascicle 3: Erpodiaceae—Hookeriaceae

Fascicle 4: Fabroniaceae—Polytrichaceae

Pteridophyta (Published 1986). Price: R46,30. Other countries: R55 ,60

FLOWERING PLANTS VOLUMES

Vol. 1: Stangeriaceae, Zamiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae*, Cupressaceae, Welwitschiaceae, Typhaceae, Zostera-

ceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Zannichelliaceae, Najadaceae, Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Alis-

mataceae, Hydrocharitaceae (Published 1966). Price: R1,98. Other countries: R2,60

Vol. 2: Poaceae

Vol. 3: | Cyperaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Lemnaceae, Flagellariaceae

Vol. 4: Part 1: Restionaceae

Part 2: Xyridaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Commelinaceae, Pontederiaceae, Juncaceae (Published 1985). Price:

R7,50. Other countries: R9,40

Vol. 5: Liliaceae, Agavaceae

Vol. 6: Haemodoraceae, Amaryllidaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Tecophilaeaceae, Velloziaceae, Dioscoreaceae

Vol. 7: Iridaceae: Part 1: Nivenioideae, Iridoideae

Part 2: Ixioideae: Fascicle |

Fascicle 2: Syringodea, Romulea

(Published 1983). Price: R3,96. Other countries: R5,00

Vol. 8: | Musaceae, Strelitziaceae, Zingiberaceae, Cannaceae*, Burmanniaceae, Orchidaceae

Vol. 9: Casuarinaceae*, Piperaceae, Salicaceae, Myricaceae, Fagaceae*, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Cannabaceae*, Urtica-

ceae, Proteaceae

Vol. 10: Part 1: Loranthaceae, Viscaceae (Published 1979). Price: R4,34. Other countries: R5,40.

Santalaceae, Grubbiaceae, Opiliaceae, Olacaceae, Balanophoraceae, Aristolochiaceae, Rafflesiaceae, Hydnora-

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Vol. 11: Phytolaccaceae, Aizoaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae

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Ranunculaceae, Menispermaceae, Annonaceae, Trimeniaceae, Lauraceae, Hernandiaceae, Papaveraceae,

Fumariaceae

Viil

Vol.

a2:

23:

24:

25:

26:

27;

28:

33:

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Ericaceae

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Scrophulariaceae

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Fascicle 3: Ixoroideae, Cinckonoideae

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Part 3: Arctotideae

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Part 8: Heliantheae, Eupatorieae

Part 9: Senecioneae

LIST OF ORDERS, FAMILIES AND GENERA

PSILOTALES

PSILOTACEAE

Psilotum

LYCOPODIALES

LYCOPODIACEAE

Lycopodium

SELAGINELLALES

SELAGINELLACEAE

Selaginella

ISOETALES

ISOETACEAE

Isoetes

EQUISETALES

EQUISETACEAE

Equisetum

OPHIOGLOSSALES

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

Ophioglossum

MARATTIALES

MARATTIACEAE

Marattia

FILICALES

OSMUNDACEAE

Osmunda

Todea

GLEICHENIACEAE

Gleichenia

Dicranopteris

SCHIZAEACEAE

Schizaea

Anemia

Mohria

Lygodium

MARSILEACEAE

Marsilea

SALVINIACEAE

Salvinia

AZOLLACEAE

Azolla

CY ATHEACEAE

Cyathea

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Trichomanes

Hymenophyllum

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE

Blotiella

Histiopteris

Pteridium

Microlepia

Hypolepis

VITTARIACEAE

Vittaria

ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE

Acrostichum

Anogramma

Ceratopteris

Pityrogramma

Adiantum

Pteris

Cheilanthes

Pellaea Macrothelypteris

Actiniopteris | Ampelopteris

LINDSAEACEAE ATHYRIACEAE

Lindsaea Athyrium

GRAMMITIDACEAE Gan

Grammitis Diplazium

Xiphopteris Scalers)

Cystopteris

POLYPODIACEAE

Pyrrosia LOMARIOPSIDACEAE

Loxogramme Elaphoglossum

Polypodium | Bolbitis —

X Pleopodium ASPIDIACEAE/DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Pleopeltis Woodsia

Microgramma Didymochlaena

Microsorium Dryopteris

DAVALLIACEAE Cyrtomium

Nephrolepis : Polystichum

Arthropteris Arachniodes —

Oleandra Rumohra

Davallia | Hypodematium

ASPLENIACEAE Ctenitis

Asplenium | Tectaria

ica BLECHNACEAE

THELYPTERIDACEAE Blechnum

Thelypteris Stenochlaena

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ALSTON, A. H. G. 1959. The ferns and fern allies of West

Tropical Africa. Suppl. to Flora of West Tropical

Africa edn 2. London: Crown Agents.

ASHTON, P. J. & WALMSLEY, R. D. 1976. The aquatic

fern Azolla and its Anabaena symbiont. Endeavour 35:

39-43.

BRAITHWAITE, A. F. 1964. A new type of apogamy in

ferns. New Phytologist 63: 293-305.

BRAITHWAITE, A. F. 1972. The cytotaxonomy of the

Asplenium splendens complex in South Africa. JI S.

Afr. Bot. 38: 9-27.

CHRISTENSEN, C. 1905-6. Index Filicum. Hafniae.

CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. Index Filicum. Supplementum

1906-12. Hafniae.

CHRISTENSEN, C. 1932. The Pteridophyta of Madagas-

car. Dansk. Bot. Ark. 7: 1-253.

COPELAND, E. B. 1938. Genera Hymenophyllacearum.

Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 1-110.

COPELAND, E. B. 1947. Genera Filicum. Massachusetts:

Waltham.

CRABBE, J. A., JERMY, A. C. & MICKEL, J. M. 1975.

A new generic sequence for the pteridophyte herbar-

ium. Fern Gaz. 11: 141-162.

DOBBIE, H. B. in CROOKES, M. (ed.) 1951. New Zea-

land Ferns. Edn 4. Whitcombe & Tombs.

GILL, L. S. & MWASUMBI, L. B. 1976. An annotated

checklist of the Pteridophytes of Tanzania. Nova Hed-

wigia 27: 931-952.

HAUKE, R. L. 1963. A taxonomic monograph of the genus

Equisetum subgenus Hippochaete. Beih. Nova Hedwi-

gia 8: 1-123.

HERTER, G. 1939. In: Nessel, H. Die Barlappgewdchse

(Lycopodiaceae). Jena: Fischer.

HIERONYMUS, G, 1914. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gat-

tung Pteris. 1. Uber Pteris longifolia L. und verwandte

Arten. Hedwigia 54: 283-294. :

HOLTTUM, R. E. 1959. Parathyrium, a new genus of

ferns, with comments on Cornopteris Nakai. Kew

Bull. 1958: 447-450.

HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteri-

daceae 111. A new system of genera in the Old World.

Blumea 19: 17-52.

HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and

adjacent islands. JJ S. Afr. Bot. 40: 123-168.

Xil

JACOBSEN, W. B. G. 1978. Some problems of South

African Pteridophyta. JIS. Afr. Bot. 44: 157-185.

JACOBSEN, W. B. G. 1983. Ferns and Fern Allies of

Southern Africa. Durban/Pretoria: Butterworths.

KATO, M. 1977. Classification of Athyrium and allied gen-

era of Japan. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 90: 23-40.

KNOBLOCH, I. W. & CORRELL, D. S. 1962. Ferns and

Fern Allies of Chihuahua, Mexico. Texas Research

Foundation.

LAUNERT, E. 1968. A monographic survey of the genus

Marsilea Linnaeus. Senckenberg. biol. 49: 273-315.

PICHI-SERMOLLI, R. E. G. 1962. On the fern genus

Actiniopteris Link. Webbia 17: 1-32.

ROUX, J. P. 1979. Cape Peninsula Ferns. Kirstenbosch:

National Botanic Gardens of South Africa.

ROUX, J. P. 1982. The application of the name Blechnum

capense Burm. f. J] S. Afr. Bot. 48: 451-453.

ROUX, J. P. 1982. The fern genus Elaphoglossum Schott

(Filicales) in South Africa. JI S. Afr. Bot. 48:

481-526.

SCHELPE, E. A. C.-L. E. 1954. The identity of Notho-

laena bipinnata Sim. JIS. Afr. Bot. 20: 125-126.

SIM, T. R. 1915. The Ferns of South Africa. Cambridge:

University Press.

TARDIEU-BLOT, M.-L. 1953. Les Pteridophytes de

sae Intertropicale Francaise. Mém. Inst. fr. Afr.

noire 28: 1-241.

TARDIEU-BLOT, M.-L. 1958. Polypodiacées I in: Hum-

bert, H. (ed.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.

Paris: Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle.

TARDIEU-BLOT, M.-L. 1960. Les fougéres des Masca-

reignes et des Seychelles. Not. Syst. 16: 151-201.

TARDIEU-BLOT, M.-L. 1964. Pteridophytes in: Aubre-

ville, A. (ed.), Flore du Cameroun. Paris: Muséum

National d’ Histoire Naturelle. |

TRYON, R. M. 1942. A revision of the genus Doryopteris.

Contr. Gray Herb. Harv. 143: 3-80. ,

TRYON, R. M. 1962. Taxonomic Fern Notes 2. Pityro-

gramma(including Trismeria) and Anogramma. Contr.

Gray Herb. Harv. 189: 52-76.

TRYON, R. M. & TRYON, A. F. 1982. Ferns and Allied

Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer.

WAGNER, W. H. 1973. Reticulation of Holly Ferns (Poly-

stichum) in the Western United States and adjacent

Canada. Am. Fern J. 63: 99-115.

GLOSSARY

Most of the terms used in this work correspond largely

to Tryon’s proposals in Taxon 9: 104-109 (1960). How-

ever, since the present authors’ concept of certain terms

differs to a minor extent it is necessary that these differences

be made clear. Some terms are illustrated in tab. 1.

acroscopic, on the side towards the apex

acrostichoid, with the sporangia spread over the lower sur-

face of the fertile lamina (as in Acrostichum and Elapho-

glossum)

anastomosing (of veins), uniting so as to form a network

annulus, the hygroscopic, thickened cells causing the de-

hiscence of the sporangium

antheridium, male sexual organ borne on the gametophyte

areole, space enclosed by anastomosing veins

basipetal, arising and maturing in succession from apex to

base, e.g. sporangia in (Hymenophyllaceae)

basiscopic, on the side towards the base

biscoctiform, biscuit-shaped, i.e. oblong and slightly con-

stricted in the middle

caudex, stem surrounded by leaf-bases and adventitious

roots, as in arborescent ferns (e.g. Cyathea)

clathrate, of rhizome and other scales, with a latticed ap-

pearance, due to the cells having thickened lateral walls

and transparent surface walls

costa, the midrib of the pinna

costule, the midrib of a pinnule or pinna segment

cristo-reticulate, crests anastomosing to form a network

cultrate, shaped like the blade of a knife

dictyostelic, (trunk) with vascular bundles concentrically

arranged with large overlapping leaf gaps

dimidiate, of pinnae or pinnules in which the midrib forms

the basiscopic margin for a significant distance

distal, away from the place of attachment

dorsal, synonymous with abaxial or lower in regard to

lamina surfaces

ebeneous, black as ebony

echinate, spinose, with projections tapering from a broad

base to a + sharp apex

evanescent, soon disappearing

exindusiate, without an indusium

gametophyte, generation producing sexual organs

gemma, an adventitious bud arising on the frond which can

produce a new plant

glochidium, barbed hair on massula (of Azolla spp.)

granulate, with more or less isodiametric projections not

less than | . |

heterosporous, producing spores of 2 sizes, the larger giv-

ing rise to a female megagametophyte, the smaller giving

rise to a male microgametophyte

homosporous, producing spores of the same size

indusiate, possessing an indusium

indusium, a thin flap of tissue covering at least the young

sorus, pseudoindusia are formed by modification of the

lamina margin

laesura, the dehiscence fissure of a spore and its margin

lamina, the blade of a frond

ligule, a small membranous triangular organ on the adaxial

side of the fertile leaf base in Isoetes

lophate, ridged with simple flange-like ridges, seldom

much shorter than the shortest diameter of the spore

mamumnillate, having small nipple-like projections

massula, hardened, frothy, mucilaginous mass in which

microspores (of Azolla spp.) are embedded

megagametophyte, the female gametophyte produced by

the megaspore which bears the female sex organs

megaspore, in heterosporous pteridophytes the large spore

which gives rise to the female gametophyte

megasporangium, the sporangium containing megaspores

microgametophyte, the male gametophyte produced by the

microspore

microspore, the small spore which gives rise to the male

gametophyte in heterosporous pteridophytes

microsporangium, the sporangium containing microspores

midrib, the main vascular supply of a simple lamina

monolete, with the dehiscence line unbranched (as in bi-

lateral spores)

nitid, shining, smooth

paleaceous, set with scales

paraphyses, sterile hairs, sometimes clavate or with an

enlarged apical cell, occurring among sporangia in a so-

rus

perispore, a layer outside the exine in certain spores

petiolule, stalk of a leaflet

phyllopodium, a leaf regarded morphologically as an axis

pinna, the first order division of a dissected lamina

pinnate (2—3—-4-pinnate), indicating the degree of dissec-

tion of the lamina (see diagram) by incisions to the costae

of the penultimate segments

pinnatifid (2—3—4-pinnatifid), indicating the degree of dis-

section of the lamina (see diagram) by incisions not

reaching the costae of the penultimate segments

pinnule, the first order segment of a pinna

prothallus, small plant resulting from the germination of a

spore and bearing sexual organs

proximal, towards the place of attachment

pseudo-serrate, referring to margins of rhizome scales

which are apparently serrate because of the transparent

unthickened outer walls of the marginal cells

punctulate, minutely dotted

raphe, ridge of tissue connecting sporocarp with base of

pedicel

rhachis, main axis or midrib of a frond

rhizomorph, root-like structure

scabrate, flecked with minute pits and elevations

secondary rhachis, the costa of a pinnate or more dissected

pinna

Xill

solenostelic, (trunk) with a tube-like vascular strand

sporangium, structure containing spores

sporocarp, an organ enclosing the sorus or sori in heteros-

porous ferns, hardened in Marsilea, membranous in

Azolla and Salvinia

sporophyll, a leaf bearing or subtending sporangia in the

Lycopodiales, Selaginellales, Psilotales and Isoetales

sporangiophore, a peltate organ bearing sporangia on its

under surface in Equisetum

stipe, the petiole of a frond

strobilus, a cone-like structure formed from sporophylls or

sporangiophores

sulcate, grooved

synangium, a group of more or less fused sporangia as in

the Marattiales

thalloid, resembling a thallus

thallus, vegetative body not differentiated into stem and

leaf

trigonous, three-angled with three plane faces

trilete, possessing a 3-radiate dehiscence scar

vein (veinlet), the obvious ultimate vascular strands of the

ultimate segments of the lamina

velum, membranous tissue covering sporangia (particularly

in Isoetes)

ventral, synonymous with adaxial or upper in regard to the

lamina surface

verruca, wart-like projection broader than tall

verrucate, with wart-like projections broader than tall

X1V

lobe costa costule vein

pes ,.( WW

BAT ey :

- Hh

Pinnafifid pinna

secondary rhachis

Pinnafe pinna

TAB. 1.—Illustration of terms in the glossary (after F.Z. Pteridophyta, tab. 1, with permission of the Managing

Committee).

pinnule

= Sika” Ei Smt

‘aoe yy a

be Wate

i te

oust BP a,

]

PS ee a

: .

(nme

ve!

ing

Cuetie

a /

4 rae a

ao ;

PSILOTALES ]

KEY TO THE ORDERS

la Leaves all narrow and simple, entire (usually small) with unbranched veins; sporophylls either with a sporangium

at base or subtending a sporangium or with sporangia borne within a cone-like structure:

2a Sporangia borne in axils of the sporophylls or on their bases:

3a Plants homosporous; leaves without ligules:

4a Sporangia 3-lobed; stems leafless except for minute much reduced sporophylls .............. PSILOTALES ((p. 1)

4b Sporangia not lobed; stems with numerous leaves... ..25.5..0.0cc0csecdeeeeeoeanens Sheecne nes LYCOPODIALES (p. 5)

3b Plants heterosporous; leaves with ligules:

5a Plants aquatic, wholly or partly submerged during wet season, sedge-like; sporangia borne on leaf bases;

SUSU ASOT ODN OER EO a asoreas 5 te cca ss ec sep oes Ke ak bn hana aly Sh poly ses Swale a's alealc aya ISOETALES (p. 23)

5b Plants not aquatic, often moss-like with elongated erect or creeping stems; sporangia borne in axils of

difierentiated sporopimy Uses: yao e.Hiacciaeno cae oi a ohaes eneedn teen cds vaaenethenuen! SELAGINELLALES (p. 15)

2b Sporangia borne on peltate sporangiophores arranged in a cone-like structure; leaves reduced to a short,

fe@thed sheaelvat Gach MOR Fs, cts Nears inctan sendin seas ie eh 5 OR eases Chinaman EQUISETALES (p. 29)

1b Leaves usually broad, simple or dissected, lamina with a branched vascular supply:

6a Sporangia thick-walled, without an annulus; homosporous:

7a Sporangia borne in 2 rows on a distinct slender fertile segment; sterile lamina entire (or lobed)

soe he Meg UNAS Mb inh 0 NaN at nh tgs oan lle EIR UR pe agate a ld ea eR che OER OPHIOGLOSSALES (p. 31)

7b Sporangia fused in small groups on under surface on undifferentiated lamina segments

Uae andes b-a hecho wreatuialc ie Sane WEA ONIN eae ia RG eek acter crt A aren A nes a Rac ee MARATTIALES (p. 37)

6b Sporangia thin-walled, with an annulus; homosporous or heterOSPOrouS................0cceeeeeee sees FILICALES (p. 39)

PSILOTALES

PSILOTACEAE

Epiphytic or saxicolous plants. Aerial stems chlorophyllous, repeatedly dichotomously

branched, produced from non-chlorophyllous mycorrhizal rootless rhizome-like horizontal axes;

leaves much reduced. Sporangia 3-locular, each subtended by a bifurcate bract and borne on upper

parts of aerial branches. Spores bilateral, produced in tetrads. Gametophyte cylindrical, irregularly

branched, mycorrhizal.

PSILOTUM

Psilotum Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800,2: 8,109 (1801); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 76 (1908);

Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 50: 45 (1957); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 17

(1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 26 (1964); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 15 (1970); in Expl.

Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 9 (1973); in C. F. A. Pterid.: 17 (1977).

oa species: P. triquetrum Swartz, nom. illeg. (= Lycopodium nudum L.; P. nudum (L.)

eauv.).

Description as for family.

Only one of the 3 species of the genus Psilotum occurs in Southern Africa.

Psilotum nudum (L.) Beauv., Prodr. Bernhardia capensis K. Muell. in Bot. Ztg 1858: 239

L’Aethéog. 106, 112 (1805); Schelpe in F. Z. (1858). Type: Natal, Pappe s.n. (KR, holo.)

Pterid.: 15, t. 2 (1970); inC. F. A. Pterid: 17, t. Rhizome short rootless. c. 1.5 mm in di-

2 (1977), W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. ameter. Aerial stems triangular in cross-section,

130 (1983). Type: India (LINN 1257/1, holo.!). glabrous, up to 240 x 2 mm, with widely

Lycopodium nudum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1100 (1753). heyy eon ee di “se ie he

. ; . Sporangia c. 2,5 mm in diameter,

ii Sim Racin 8 Tg gy, subtended by a biucate brat e.1,3 mm Tong.

nom. illeg. eS

PSILOTALES

FIG. 1.—1, Psilotum nudum, part of plant, x 0,6; la, sporangium, xX 6 (Wild 6601). 2, Equisetum ramosissimum,

part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, strobilus, x 3 (Sims.n.).

PSILOTALES 3

Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania,

Kenya, Uganda, Gabon, Cameroun and Nigeria, as well as

Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, Seychelles

and Comoro Islands, Chagos Archipelago, Asia, Polynesia,

Australasia, the Americas and Spain. In sheltered moist

sandstone crevices from sea level in Transkei to between

910 and 1 900 m altitude in tropical Africa, where it may

also be epiphytic. Map 1.

Vouchers: Dyer 4505 (PRE); Schelpe 5029 (B; BOL;

GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE; S; US); Ward 1158 (BM; NH;

NU).

MAP 1.—Psilotum nudum

LYCOPODIALES 5)

LYCOPODIALES

LYCOPODIACEAE

Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial plants. Stems erect, pendulous or prostrate, unbranched or

dichotomously branched. Leaves small, simple with a single vein, without ligules. Sporophylls

uniform, usually restricted to distinct or indistinct fertile regions (distinct compact fertile regions

referred to as strobili). Sporangia borne in axils of sporophylls, solitary, unilocular, reniform to

globose, homosporous. Gametophytes chlorophyllose or mycorrhizal and colourless.

LYCOPODIUM

Lycopodium L., Sp. Pl. 1100 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 486 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 70

(1908); Alston in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 50: 20 (1957); in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 11 (1959);

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 8 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 9 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 17

(1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 11 (1973); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 19 (1977). Lectotype species: L. clavatum L.

Description as for family.

The only living genus of the family, with a worldwide distribution and comprising over 450 species. This estimate

includes those species which do not form distinct strobili and which Herter (1939) referred to the genus Urostachys.

la Sporophylls of same size and shape as foliage leaves:

2a Leaves narrowly lanceolate, c. 2mm broad; spore-bearing stems erect, unbranched ..................00000 1. L. saururus

2b Leaves acicular, c. 0,2 mm broad; spore-bearing stems pendent, dichotomously branched........... 2. L. verticillatum

1b Sporophylls different from foliage leaves:

3a Sporophylls not grouped into pedunculate strobili (i.e. without a sparsely leafy stalk below fertile region):

4a Sporophylls 6, 5—7 mm long ...............ccceeeee eee ees

4b Sporophylls less than 4 mm long:

eR TIO ee Pt Re RY ee. ee ets SOS 3. L. dacrydioides

5a Fertile region more than 20 mm long; sporophylls not lacerate; plants epiphytic or lithophytic:

6a Sporophylls 2, 5—3 mm long; leaves coriaceous, closely imbricate ...............cceceeeeeeee ees 4.L. gnidioides

6b Sporophylls c. 2 mm long; leaves thin, very loosely imbricate ..................ceseeeeeee ees 5. L. ophioglossoides

5b Fertile region less than 15 mm long; sporophylls lacerate; plants terrestrial...................ceceeeees 6. L. cernuum

3b Sporophylls grouped into pedunculate strobili; plants terrestrial:

7a Horizontal stem producing much branched erect stems at intervals:

8a Leaves hair-pointed; erect stems not laterall compressed «2 cscgecs osckse+sPedsbvacescaercepeneedenactees 7. L. clavatum

8b Leaves not hair-pointed; erect stems laterally compressed................. 8. L. complanatum subsp. zanclophyllum

7b Horizontal stem leafy, only producing pedunculate strobili at intervals .................cceceeeeeeees 9. L. carolinianum

1. Lycopodium saururus Lam., Encycl.

3: 653 (1789); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 324, t.

175 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 17 (1970);

W.B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 132, t. 74

(1983). Type: Réunion, Commerson s.n.,

Herb. Lamarck (P, holo.!~BOL, photo.!).

Plananthus saururus (Lam.) Beauv., Prodr. L’ Aethéog.

100 (1805). Urostachys saururus (Lam.) Herter in Feddes

Repert. 19: 162 (1923). Huperzia saururus (Lam.) Rothm.

in Feddes Repert. 54: 60 (1944).

Terrestrial or lithophytic. Aerial stems pro-

duced from compact branching horizontal

stems, usually unbranched, erect, crowded, up

to 200 X 3 mm. Leaves erect, closely imbri-

cate, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, c. 10 x 2

mm. Sporophylls indistinguishable from foliage

leaves, 8-10 X 1,8—-2 mm; sporangia hidden.

rise 2: 4.

Cape Province, Natal, Lesotho, north-eastern Orange

Free State, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya,

Uganda, Ethiopia and Cameroun, as well as Madagascar,

Marion Island, Gough Island, Tristan da Cunha, Nighting-

ale Island, St Helena, Kerguelen Island, the South Ameri-

can Andes to Argentina (Christensen 1932) and Juan Fer-

nandez. Rocky substrates in montane vegetation, above

1 700 m. Map 2.

Vouchers: Dieterlen 719 (K; NH; PRE; SAM); Pocock

S. 150 (BOL; PRE; STE); Ripley 1 (BM; K; NU); Rourke

305 (NBG).

LYCOPODIALES

suit

pes

NG"

cow ly

8 a i

xy}

yy yi

: 4

i S487

S07:

y WY

. AG

Lr &

y WY,

ING WZ

DKK

é 44

NOY

Ay} , Ny Sl

WY NZ

Wi WS

Wf, Nes

4a Mi \

WY,

WAN

\WY i

LYCOPODIALES

MAP 2.—Lycopodium saururus

2. Lycopodium verticillatum L. f.,

Suppl. 448 (1781); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

325, t. 1 7841915), Schelpe, in. FZ. Ptend.< 17

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

133, t. 75 (1983). Type: Réunion, Sonnerat

s.n. (SBT, holo.!).

Urostachys verticillatus (L. f.) Herter ex Nessel, Bar-

lappgew. 121 (1939). Huperzia verticillata (L. f.) Rothm.

in Feddes Repert. 54: 60 (1944).

Epiphytic or lithophytic. Stems pendulous,

repeatedly dichotomously branched, up to 500

x c. 10 mm. Leaves acicular, suberect, mem-

MAP 3.—Lycopodium verticillatum

branous, loosely imbricate. Sporophylls almost

indistinguishable from foliage leaves, c. 5 X

0,2 mm; sporangia usually evident. Fig. 4: 2.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho,

north-eastern Orange Free State, Swaziland, Transvaal,

Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi, as well as Madagas-

car, the Comoro and Mascarene Islands, Fernando Po and

tropical America. Montane forest in shade, usually above

1 750 m. Map 3.

Vouchers: Compton 26058 (NBG); Fisher 974 (NH;

NU; PRE); Rudatis 605/830 (STE); Sim s.n. (BOL; PRE).

3. Lycopodium dacrydioides Bak., Fern Al-

lies 17 (1887); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 327, t.

176 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 18 (1970);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 134, t. 76

(1983). Type: Transvaal, Woodbush, Rehmann

5579 (K, lecto.!).

Urostachys dacrydioides (Bak.) Herter ex Nessel, Bar-

lappgew. 188 (1939).

Epiphytic or infrequently lithophytic.

Stems pendulous, dichotomously branched, up

to 900 X 3 mm. Leaves suberect, loosely imbri-

cate, subulate, 15-18 X 1, 5—2 mm at the base.

Sporophylls narrowly oblong-lanceolate, imbri-

cate, 6,5-7 X c. 2mm. Fig. 3: 3.

__ A predominantly tropical African species, its distribu-

tion range extending from Sudan and Cameroun through

MAP 4.—Lycopodium dacrydioides

FIG. 2.—1, Lycopodium saururus, part of plant, x 0,6; la, megasporophyll, x 9 (Tyson s.n.). 2, Lycopodium

complanatum subsp. zanclophyllum, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, megasporophyll, x 4,8 (Esterhuysen 3557). 3, Lycopo-

dium carolinianum var. carolinianum, part of plant, <X 0,6; 3a, megasporophyll, x 9 (MacOwan 509). 4, Lycopodium

carolinianum var. grandifolium, part of plant, x 0,6; 4a, megasporophyll, x 9 (Schelpe 5538).

LYCOPODIALES

— 7s Uh :

YS Ge — —— cae

f Ail! Di We Ss ZZ N hh CL LEB LEE — =

Y, i Hl } See \ SRS NSS EE REE REE Ca ELL ee Se PARR SS

AO) fs ifn | \ NN ee

SS... o

SSS SE AE ga — ——. a

SSS SSS a es = — 2M |

LEE

—_s : : ———— SSS —

SSS WS SSS

——S

* S— S Se ZB

—— J ae — —————— —

ELEKA SS ———_~— N —

= SiS S22

22. pli aa : oS ——S—— —— SLB

yt. / aa®, bOT . SS eee EZZZEELZ =

slog +4 47 GG.4 G4 CO war . SS SS —= === —— EE ———_

SOF ESTO 03<_—S—eAa

wy oe

\) Ze

cael c—

Si —

SSS SSS acs w ce WN

RPI SSS SS SSSA Ss GED SSSA

V7 gm SS SSS Rc.

SEE Lj YP ——— see =

3 <F ttf, I ——S> =

LYCOPODIALES

Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, Malawi, Zimbabwe and

Mozambique to Transvaal and Natal. Moist forest in shade,

above 1 500 m. Map 4.

Vouchers: Roux 378 (NBG); Schelpe 6277 (BM;

BOL); Scott 39 (PRE).

4. Lycopodium gnidioides L. f., Suppl.

448 (1781); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 326, t.

177 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 18 (1970);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 135, t.77

(1983). Type: Mauritius, Sonnerat s.n. (?P,

?iSO.).

Plananthus gnidioides (L. f.) Beauv., Prodr. L’ Aethéog.

110 (1805). Urostachys gnidioides (L. f.) Herter ex Nessel,

Barlappgew. 187 (1939). Huperzia gnidioides (L. f.)

Rothm. in Feddes Repert. 54: 61 (1944).

Lycopodium funiculosum Lam., Encycl. 3: 649 (1789).

Lepidotis funiculosa (Lam.) Beauv., Prodr. L’ Aethéog. 108

(1805). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Herb. Lamarck (P,

holo.!—-BM, photo.!).

Lycopodium flagelliforme Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz.

1818: 920 (1818). Type: Cape Province, Albany, Hesse.

s.n. (LE, holo.!; GOET—BOL, photo.!).

Lycopodium ambiguum Schrad., 1.c. Type: Cape Pro-

vince, Albany, Hesse s.n. (LE, holo.!).

Lycopodium pinifolium Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 7 (1824). Ly-

copodium gnidioides var. pinifolium (Kaulf.) Pappe &

Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr. 49 (1858); W.B.G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 136, t. 78 (1983). Type: Cape Province,

Cape Peninsula (?PH).

Epiphytic or lithophytic. Stems erect, arch-

ing or pendulous, dichotomously branched, up

to 500 X 4 mm. Leaves very narrowly oblong,

MAP 5.—Lycopodium gnidioides

coriaceous, acute to broadly acute, imbricate,

up to 14 X 3 mm. Sporophylls much shorter

than foliage leaves, broadly ovate, acute,

closely imbricate, up to3 X 2 mm. Fig. 3: 1.

South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Natal, Swa-

ziland and Transvaal; rare in Zimbabwe and Mozambique;

also on Madagascar and the Comoro and Mascarene Is-

lands. Shady montane forest or ravines, 280-2 200 m. Map

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 12556 (BOL; NBG; PRE);

Fisher 812 (NH; NU; PRE).

Varies considerably in habit in Southern Africa in the

summer and winter rainfall regions, but exhibits a complete

range of intermediate forms.

5. Lycopodium ophioglossoides Lam.,

Encycl. 3: 646 (1789); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.:

18, t. 3 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 137, t. 79 (1983). Type: Mauritius, Com-

merson §.n. (P, holo.!).

Huperzia ophioglossoides (Lam.) Rothm. in Feddes Re-

pert. 54: 62 (1944).

Epiphytic or lithophytic. Stems pendulous,

dichotomously branched, up to 300 X c. 1 mm.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate, acute, narrowed

towards base, very loosley imbricate, up to 11

x 1,2 mm. Sporophylls broadly ovate, entire,

closely imbricate, c. 2 X 1,5 mm. Fig. 4: 3.

Widespread in tropical Africa from Sudan and Camer-

oun through Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, Malawi, Zimbabwe

and Mozambique to Transvaal. Also on Madagascar,

MAP 6.—Lycopodium ophioglossoides

FIG. 3.—1, Lycopodium gnidioides, exposed form, part of plant, < 0,6; la, megasporophyll, x 4,8 (Esterhuysen

15633). 2, Lycopodium gnidioides, forest form, part of plant, X 0,6; 2a, megasporophyll, x 4,8 (Schelpe 4313). 3,

Lycopodium dacrydioides, part of plant, x 0,6; 3a, megasporophyll, X 4,8 (Schelpe 6277).

—

SES e

SVE ||

cas

Lee LTD

SOW»

oe eo.

Ds y

! 1

; y

‘ R : A ; oy

ys Min f , Ry

/ \ 7 s KA

—

: Sy SOO

= —s

oe,

—s >=

SSS

DWSpee

eA DP Sg

——

sa ip? Bn

——

“oes

a =

PPLE

LYCOPODIALES

4 i

a eh n

i *' \)

Ae R aS ws

Ki) ri A wD CMY

* y +B (4

M, ee ro) 0 A/ T&S

U 4 ~ 4 y

i A 8 ) oo) ih

+4) (A) y ' '

ie a A ‘ Al '

Ki MM 4 ns fo! ay

‘ a A \ ry t

J ox) 9 4

Dy ¥) p ‘\ i iY

Ky Ky) %, Q 4 i

f, 4 ‘ g 4

B i : x A) q

thy ‘ q ) a 4

i) 4) a A te fy

h a 4

¢; ff gg Bf B

4 2) re 6g) y

4 iF Dp 4 4

Fi Bs a } a ‘

r; po iG a 4

Q *) iY 4

" i ;

LYCOPODIALES

Réunion, Fernando Po and Comoro Islands. A low-level

epiphyte or lithophyte in ‘moss-forests’ in eastern

Transvaal, 1 700-2 700 m. Map 6.

Vouchers: Grewcock sub Moss 20503 (BM; J; PRE);

Roux 380 (NBG); Schlechter 4758 (BOL; GRA; PRE).

6. Lycopodium cernuum L., Sp. Pl. 2:

1103 (1753); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 327, t..

179 fig. 1 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 20

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 19 (1977); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 138, t. 25,80 (1983).

Type: ?India (LINN 1257/13, holo.!).

Lepidotis cernua (L.) Beauv., Prodr. L’Aethéog. 101

(1805).

Lycopodium secundum K. Muell. in Bot. Ztg 19: 164

(1861). Syntypes: Cape Province and Natal, Gueinzius s.n.

Terrestrial. Stems erect, leafy, up to 850 Xx

3 mm, with much branched leafy lateral

branches bearing strobili, rooting at base and

producing arching leafy stolons from near base.

Leaves subulate, patent, curved forward, up to

4 x 0,3 mm basally. Strobili not pedunculate,

solitary at apex of branches, up to 10 mm long.

Sporophylls broadly ovate-acuminate, up to |,

8 X 1,2 mm, margins lacerate. Fig. 4: 1.

Cosmopolitan. South-western Cape Province to

Transkei, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania,

Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Gabon, Cameroun,

MAP 7.—Lycopodium cernuum

Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, as well as Fernando

Po, Sao Tomé, St Helena, Madagascar and Seychelles.

Continually moist streambanks and ditches, from sea level

in the south to between 1 000 and 2 000 m in Transvaal and

Zimbabwe. Map 7.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 4197 (BOL; PRE); Kruger

1162 (STE); Pegler 961 (BOL; PRE); Roux 391 (NBG);

Tinley 525 (NPB; NU).

7. Lycopodium clavatum L., Sp. Pl. 2:

1101 (1753); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 328, t.

180 C1915); Schelpe n° ClF. AY Piernd,: 21

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

140, t. 82 (1983). Type: Europe, ?Hort. Sicc.

Cliff. (?7BM, holo.).

Lepidotis inflexa Beauv., Prodr. L’ Aethéog. 109 (1805).

Lycopodium inflexum (Beauv.) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 179

(1806). Lycopodium clavatum var. inflexum (Beauv.)

Spring., Monog. Lycopod. 1: 90 (1842); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 20 (1970). Type: Mauritius, Bory s.n., Herb. Del-

essert (G, holo.).

Lycopodium ciavatum var. natalense Nessel in Feddes

Repert. 36: 191, t. 176 (1934), as nataliense. Type: Natal,

Holz s.n. (?7BONN, holo.).

Terrestrial. Main stem creeping, up to 3

mm in diameter, producing dichotomously

branched upright stems at 50-100 mm inter-

vals. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, patent to

suberect or imbricate, up to5 X 0,5 mm, witha

translucent hair point up to 3 mm long apically,

margin usually entire but sometimes ciliate in

leaves on main stem. Strobili pedunculate,

MAP 8.—Lycopodium clavatum

FIG. 4.—1, Lycopodium cernuum, portion of plant, x 0,6; la, megasporophyll, x 9 (Schelpe 4360). 2, Lycopo-

dium verticillatum, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, megasporophyll, x 9 (Schelpe 6249). 3, Lycopodium ophioglossoides, part

of plant, x 0,6; 3a, megasporophyll, x 9 (Schelpe 5516).

20-80 mm long in groups of 2-5 (rarely soli-

tary) at apex of sparsely leafy peduncle up to

190 mm long. Sporophylls broadly ovate, acu-

minate, 2-3 X 1,5-2 mm, margin finely lace-

rate.

South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Natal,

Lesotho, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Malawi, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethio-

pia, Sudan, Cameroun, as well as Madagascar, Réunion,

Mauritius and Sao Tomé. Sheltered mountain slopes

amongst rocks and continually moist margins of montane

forest, 1 600—2 300 m. Map 8.

Vouchers: Cooper 1048 (BM; K; NH; PRE); Dieterlen

670 (K; NBG; PRE; SAM; STE); Fisher 870 (BOL; NU;

PRE); Rudatis 1249 (BM; K; PRE; STE); Van Jaarsveld

6121 (BOL).

8. Lycopodium complanatum L., Sp. PI.

2: 1104 (1753). Type: Germany, Miinchhausen

(LINN 1257/20, holo.!).

The typical form does not occur in South-

ern Africa but there is one subspecies:

Subsp. zanclophyllum (Wilce) Schelpe in

JIS. Afr. Bot. 35: 128 (1969); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 141, t. 83 (1983). Type:

Madagascar, Hildebrandt 3781 (P, holo.).

Lycopodium zanclophyllum Wilce in Nova Hedwigia

3: 108, t. 3A figs 9, 10, t. 3B figs 9, 10, t. 8 (1961).

Terrestrial. Stems horizontal, terete, creep-

ing or subterranean, densely or sparsely leafy

respectively, up to 2 mm in diameter, produc-

ing erect, repeatedly dichotomously branched

aerial stems, obconic in outline, at intervals,

40-300 mm high excluding strobili and pedun-

cles, branches laterally compressed to greater or

lesser extent. Leaves subulate to narrowly lan-

ceolate, with apices curved forward, entire,

1,5-2 xX c. 0,6 mm. Strobili pedunculate,

15-50 mm long in groups of 2-8 at apex of

sparsely leafy peduncle up to 200 mm long.

Sporophylls broadly lanceolate with paler erose

to subentire margin, 2,6 X 1 mm, to broadly

ovate acuminate with with an erose margin, 2,8

* 2mm. Fig, 2) 2.

Mountains of south-western and southern Cape Pro-

vince, as well as Madagascar, Madeira and the Azores. On

rocky sheltered slopes, usually between | 000 and 2 300 m

altitude. Map 9.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 3558 (BOL; PRE; SAM);

27330 (BOL; MO; PRE); 33898 (B; BM; BOL; C; GH; M;

MO; P; PR; PRE; S); Moll 5990 (B; BM; BOL; C; GH; K;

M; MO; NBG; P; PR; PRE; S); Stokoe s.n. (NBG; PRE;

SAM).

LYCOPODIALES

MAP 9.—Lycopodium complanatum subsp. zanclophyl-

lum

9. Lycopodium carolinianum L., Sp. PI.

2: 1104 (1753); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 329,

t. 181 fig. 1 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 138 (1983).

Leaves all approximately of similar size and shape

EN OAS, A ert 9 (a). var. carolinianum

Lateral leaves larger and more fleshy than dorsal

Cen MG SEERA ae 9 (b). var. grandifolium

9 (a). var. carolinianum.

Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 21 (1970). Type:

North America, Carolina, Herb. Dillenius CX-

LIT (OXF, holo.!).

Lycopodium ericetorum Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818:

920 (1818). Type: Cape Province, Hesse s.n. (LE, holo.!—

BOL, photo.!).

Terrestrial. Main stem creeping, up to 6

mm in diameter, somewhat dorsiventrally flat-

tened. Leaves lanceolate to oblong, often fur-

cate, up to 15 X 4 mm, lateral leaves spreading

horizontally, dorsal leaves smaller than lateral

leaves, appressed or curving erect. Strobili soli-

tary, up to 70 X 6 mm, borne at apex of un-

branched sparsely leafy peduncle up to 300 mm

long. Sporophylls broadly ovate-acuminate, up

to 5,5 * 2 min. Fig. 2: 3.

South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Natal,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Zambia, as well as

north-east temperate America. In peaty marshy localities

and on rock faces that are wet for the greater part of the

year, 300—2 000 m altitude. Map 10.

Vouchers: Compton 22673 (NBG); Diimmer 1067

(BOL; NH; SAM); Medley Wood 11949 (BOL; PRE;

SAM); Tinley 310 (NPB; NU).

LYCOPODIALES

MAP 10.—Lycopodium carolinianum var. carolinianum

9(b). var. grandifolium Spring in Bull.

Acad. Belg. 24: 46 (1849-1850); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 21 (970); m-C.F.A. Pterid.:°22

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

139, t. 81 (1983). Type: Transvaal, Magalies-

berg, Burke 531 (K, lecto.!).

Lycopodium carolinianum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn

2: 329,t; T8t (1915),

Terrestrial. Stem creeping, dorsiventrally

flattened, up to 6 mm in diameter. Lateral

MAP 11.—Lycopodium carolinianum var. grandifolium

leaves oblong falcate, up to 10 X 4 mm; dorsal

leaves reduced to scales, c. 2 X 1 mm. Fig. 2:

From Natal to Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Angola.

Marshy ground from 1 200 to 1 800 m altitude. Map 11.

Vouchers: Compton 30675 (NBG); Davidson 175

ee J); Hilliard & Burtt 10262 (E; NU); Rudatis 1363

} Wore

Bt Fie eaw b

SELAGINELLALES 15

SELAGINELLALES

SELAGINELLACEAE

Terrestrial herbs, annual or perennial. Stems erect, decumbent or creeping, bearing aerial

roots (rhizophores); primary and secondary branch systems often regular in shape forming a

pseudofrond. Leaves ligulate (i.e. with microscopic tongue of tissue on adaxial base), small, thin,

either spirally arranged and + similar in shape and size, or in two ranks, those in the centre

(median leaves) facing upwards, and those below (lateral leaves) sideways. Sporophylls may be

similar or dimorphic as in leaves. Sporangia borne singly in axils of sporophylls, arranged in

strobili (which may or may not be dorsiventral), dehiscent with 2 valves. Spores of two kinds,

borne in separate sporangia; megaspores usually 4 (rarely 1 or 8), trilete, laesurae usually forming

a 3-radiate ridge reaching an equatorial ridge; prothalli bearing archegonia only; microspores

many, trilete or more rarely monolete, laesurae usually less distinct; prothalli bearing antheridia

only.

SELAGINELLA

Selaginella Beauv., Prodr. 101 (1805); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 76 (1908); Alston in Mém. Inst.

fr. Afr. noire 50: 26 (1957); in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 14 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 12

(1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 21 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 22 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin

L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 13 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 23 (1977); nom. conserv. Type

species: S. spinosa Beauv., nom. illeg. (=Lycopodium selaginoides L.; S. selaginoides (L.) Link).

Description as for family.

A large genus of about 700 species found mainly in the tropics. Seven species occur in Southern Africa.

la Leaves of all branch systems + similar:

2a Leaves widely spaced, spreading or reflexed; plant erect, annual ......¢....csdess-teancvelinntvstspetberasees 1. S. pygmaea

2b Leaves crowded, subulate aristate (with terminal seta); plant creeping, perennial:

3a Seta on leaf apex 4 or less the length of the blade; sporophylls in 4 ranks:

4a Seta translucent; leafy stem radially symmetrical in position of leaves ..............cececeeeeeeeeeeees 4.S. caffrorum

4b Seta very short, opaque; leafy stem dorsiventral in position of leaves ...............ceceeeee ees 3. S$. njam-njamensis

3b Seta on leaf apex 4 or more the length of the blade; sporophylls in 2 ranks ..........cccccccceceeeeeeeeeeees 2. S. dregei

1b Leaves of at least the secondary branch systems markedly dimorphic:

5a Primary branch system erect, without branches at least in lower half ................ccccccceeeseseeeseeeeees 5. S. imbricata

5b Primary branch system creeping, or if erect then branched from base:

6a Lateral leaves 3-4 mm long, not culied beneath stem when dry; hyaline teeth of equal lengths around mar-

sins Of since Weg yet ia. « SS PSS, 51h nh camcaaans va’ astern a evias oe tasciaaaie non aciesar Ree eee tee 6. S. kraussiana

6b Lateral leaves 2 mm or less in length, curling beneath stem when dry; hyaline teeth becoming longer cilia at

base of medial leaves

1. Selaginella pygmaea (Kaulf.) Alston in

J. Bot., Lond. 69: 257 (1931); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 150, t.94 (1983). Type:

Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Devil’s Peak,

Bergius s.n. (?B, holo.).

Lycopodium pygmaeum Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 9 (1824).

Lycopodium pumilum var. pygmaeum (Kaulf.) Schlechtd.,

Adumbr. 6 (1825). Lycopodioides pygmaeum (Kaulf.)

Knutze, Rev. Gen. 1: 825 (1891).

Lycopodium bryoides Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 10 (1824). Ly-

copodium pumilum var. bryoides (Kaulf.) Schlechtd.,

Adumbr. 6 (1825). Selaginella bryoides (Kaulf.) Hieron. in

Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1, 4: 499 (1901), non Un-

derw. (1900). Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Ber-

gius S.n. (2B, holo.).

Coe eoereee eee e eee eee seeeoeeeeeeeeooees

Lee Ree ee ene OE ee 7. S. mittenii

Lycopodium pumilum Schlechtd., Adumbr. 6, t. 3

(1825). Selaginella pumila (Schlechtd.) Spring in Mém.

Acad. Belg. 24: 60 (1848): Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 332,t.

182 figs 2,3 (1915), nom. illeg.

Selaginella pumila var. ramosa Spring in Mém. Acad.

Belg. 24: 61 (1848). Type as for L. bryoides Kaulf.

Selaginella pumila var. subsimplex Spring in Mém.

Acad. Belg. 24: 61 (1848): Type as for L. pygmaeum Kaulf.

Plant annual. Stems erect or suberect, very

slender, 25-140 mm long, only rooting at base,

simple or sparingly branched, branches alter-

nate, 6-12 mm long, all terminating in | or 2

strobili 6-12 X 2 mm, Leaves distant, radially

16 SELAGINELLALES

yy,

3a i

AY le

. bd

’ ly 44

WA a

tf7

A 7 coe

7 {/

“A he

BIN

PLB.

SELAGINELLALES

MAP 12.—Selaginella pygmaea

symmetrical, green at first, ovate-cordate, acu-

minate, entire, patent, c. 2 X 1 mm, later re-

flexed and yellow. Sporophylls in 4 ranks,

broadly ovate, apex tapering acuminate. Mega-

spores subrugulose, c. 420-510 wm. Micro-

spores verrucate-scabrate, c. 60-70 wm. Fig.

aids

| Endemic to Cape Province; in sclerophyll scrub on

clay. Map 12.

Vouchers: Hugo 2692 (STE); Parker 4273 (BOL;

NBG); Schlechter 1724 (BM; K; PRE); 9537 (BM; BOL; K;

PRE).

2. Selaginella dregei (Pres!) Hieron. in

Hedwigia 39: 315, t. 36 (1900); Jermy in F.Z.

Pterid.: 23, t. 4 (1970); Schelpe in C.F.A. Pte-

rid: 25 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 143, t. 84 (1983). Type: Transkei, Umsi-

kaba River, Drége b (PR, holo.; BM!).

Lycopodium dregei Pres] in Abh. K. Bohm, Ges, Wiss.,

Ser, 5, 3: 583 (1845), reimpr. in Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 153

(1846). Selaginella rupestris forma dregei (Presl) Milde,

‘Fil. Europ. Atlant. 262 (1867). Selaginella rupestris var.

recurva forma dregei (Presl) A. Br. ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 214

(1868), as dregeana.

Selaginella dregei var. bachmanniana Hieron. in Hedwi-

gia 39: 317 (1900). Type Transkei, Pondoland, Bachmann

9 (B, holo.!).

Selaginella dregei var. pretoriensis Hieron. in Hedwigia

39: 317 (1900). Type: Transvaal, near Pretoria, Rehmann

4333 (B, lecto.!).

Selaginella dregei var. rehmanniana Hieron. in Hed-

wigia 39: 317 (1900). Type: Transvaal, Houtbosch, Reh-

mann 5576 (B, lecto.!; BOL!; K!).

Plant creeping, often forming loose mats..

Stems prostrate, primary branches often irregu-

larly ascendent, 1- to 3-furcate; leafy stem ra-

dially symmetrical or occasionally slightly dor-

siventral in position of leaves. Leaves herba-

ceous, often brown and papyraceous below,

narrowly deltate to linear or subulate, 1 ,5—2,25

x 0,25 mm, adnate basally, margins with pili-

form cilia, acuminate apically, tapering into a

usually curved opaque seta 4 to 4 as long as

blade. Strobili suberect, dorsiventral, 4-8 mm

long; sporophylls in 2 ranks on under side,

broader and more lanceolate than leaves, apex

not setose. Megaspores subgranulate, 350—

440 yum, triradiate ridges indistinct. Micros-

pores scabrate, 40-50 um. Fig. 6: 2.

Transkei, Natal, Orange Free State, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, Mo-

zambique, Malawi, Zaire, Kenya and Uganda. Growing in

the open and under scrub in rocky situations, especially

over igneous (acid) rocks, between 610 and 1 520 m alti-

tude, Map 13.

Vouchers: Burrows 1376 (BOL; NBG); Codd & Dyer

9232 (BOL; K; PRE); Pooley 1467 (NPB; NU); Schelpe

5937 (BM; BOL; K). |

A variable species.

MAP 13.—Selaginella dregei

FIG. 5.—1, Selaginella pygmaea, plant, x 0,6; la, enlargement of fertile apex of branch, x c. 9 (Esterhuysen 4134).

2, Selaginella imbricata, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, enlargement of portion of branch, showing heteromorphic leaves, X c.

4,8; 2b, median leaf, X c. 4,8; 2c, lateral leaf, x c. 4,8 (Leistner, Oliver, Steenkamp & Vorster 136). 3, Selaginella

mittenii, part of plant, x 0,6; 3a, enlargement of portion of branch, showing heteromorphic leaves, X c. 7,2 (Buchanan

‘sub BOL 23609).

18 SELAGINELLALES

4 VG

ja WY “Ss

N) HY A

2a 7h

a % é Ri

y 3 ,

(ae AN VY 3 9)

xe SN YZ a,

25) = 27 9 Jt

1 SS © GSTS

\4 WW Ra 2b ¥ VN,

N ‘ i on a b } 2

RY 4 rs uae,

: s.! a ‘a é

Fe ~ . ps

‘ : V#

‘ Mid 1. LY

% yy TA.

Th a: a

x > Bl bes.

<< Seem i AY

ASS : 7 py

S i y §

3 Z aD Zz 2G,

' 4 3b Sy © en

3a wat 3

Me£b,

FIG. 6.—1, Selaginella kraussiana, part of plant, x 0,6; 1a, portion of branch, x 6 (Schelpe 6218). 2, Selaginella

dregei, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, portion of branch, X 6; 2b, leaf, x 12 (Schelpe 5081). 3, Selaginella caffrorum, part of

plant, < 0,6; 3a, portion of branch, X 6; 3b, leaf, x 12 (Braithwaite 182).

SELAGINELLALES

3. Selaginella njam-njamensis Hieron. in

Hedwigia 39: 312 (1900); Jermy in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 23 (1970); Schelpe in C.F.A. Pterid.: 25

(1977). Type: Sudan, Njam-Njam, Schwein-

furth s.n. (B, holo.).

Plant creeping, with short prostrate branch

system, 1- or 2-furcate. Leafy stem dorsiventral

in position and length of leaves. Median leaves

herbaceous, lanceolate to ligulate-deltate, c. 2

x 0,25 mm, base adnate, margins with short

dentiform cilia above, longer piliform cilia to-

wards base, apex acuminate tapering into stout

tawny or subopaque white seta 4 or less the

length of blade; lateral leaves up to 2,5 mm

long, similar but more linear-lanceolate and

slightly longer. Strobili 3-10 mm long, sporo-

phylls in 4 ranks, those on upper side of strobili

lanceolate, acuminate, margins with short cilia,

apex acuminate, those on lower side slightly

longer and broader. Megaspores granulate,

200-325 jm; tri-radiate ridges indistinct. Mi-.

crospores narrowly winged, scabrate with firm

ridges, 35-40 um.

Botswana, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia,

Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria and Benin. A plant of rocky

places, 400-1 000 m. Map 17.

Voucher: Appleyard s.n. (SAM).

S. njam-njamensis, which occurs from Sudan and

Uganda south to Angola, Malawi, Botswana and Mozambi-

que, differs from S. dregei in having a much shorter opaque

seta, shorter cilia on the leaf margins and in having the

sporophylls arranged in four ranks.

4. Selaginella caffrorum (Milde) Hieron.

in Hedwigia 39: 313 (1900); Alston in J. Bot.,

Lond. 77: 223, t. 620 A—D (1939); Schelpe in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 24 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 144, t. 85 (1983). Type:

?Transkei, Herb. Bunge (?LE, holo.).

Selaginella rupestris forma caffrorum Milde, Fil. Europ.

Atlant. 262 (1867).

Selaginella capensis Hieron. in Hedwigia 39: 314

(1900). Syntypes: from South Africa (B).

Selaginella rupestris sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

332, t. 179 fig. 2 (1915),

Plant creeping, often forming loose mats.

Stems prostrate, primary branches often irregu-

larly ascendent, 1- to 3-furcate; leafy stem ra-

dially symmetrical or occasionally slightly dor-

siventral in position of leaves. Leaves dark

green and papyraceous below, narrowly deltate

to linear or subulate, c. 2,5-3 X 0,5 mm, ad-

nate basally, margins with piliform cilia, acu-

minate apically, tapering into a translucent, yel-

lowish seta less than % blade-length. Strobili c.

3 mm long; sporophylls in 4 ranks, broader than

leaves, ovate-deltate, c. 2 X 0,75 mm, apex not

setose. Megaspores reticulate with thin narrow

wings, triradiate ridge prominent, 410-460 um.

Microspores echinate, 40-60 yum. Fig. 6: 3.

Southern and eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal,

Lesotho, Orange Free State, Transvaal and Angola. On

rock surfaces, in rock crevices and at the bases of boulders.

Map 14.

Vouchers: Codd & Dyer 9229 (BOL; PRE); Hepburn

177 (GRA); Hilliard & Burtt 13382 (BOL; E; NU); Rycroft

2739 (NBG: STE); Schelpe 4567 (B; BOL; GH; K; M; MO;

P; PRE; S; US).

5. Selaginella imbricata (Forssk.) Spring

ex Decne. in Arch. Mus. 2: 193, t. 7 (1841-2);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 336, t. 184 fig. 3

(1915); Jermy in F.Z. Pterid.: 25 (1970); W. B.

G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 144, t. 87 (1983).

Type: Arabia, Yemen, near Hadie and Nahfat,

Herb. Forsskal vii/20 (C, holo.!).

Lycopodium imbricatum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.

cxxv, 187 (1775).

Plant creeping, 1-3 stems arising from a

stout stolon, stems 50-300 mm long. Primary

branch system ovate to lanceolate in outline

when moist; secondary branches with 3-8 ulti-

mate branches 4-8 mm long (further forking

may occur). Leaves heteromorphic, adnate

basally: median leaves oblong-lanceolate, ta-

pering, c. 1,25 mm long, margins with broad

band of hyaline cells, dentate except apically;

lateral leaves contiguous or overlapping, ob-

long-elliptic, c. 1,5 X 0,5 mm, apex obtuse,

margins entire. Strobili borne at tips of ultimate

branches, 5-8 mm long; sporophylls undiffe-

rentiated, somewhat similar to median leaves.

32° “° 36°

MAP 14.—Selaginella caffrorum

MAP 15.—Selaginella imbricata

Megaspores + smooth or punctulate with faint

triradiate ridge, of 2 sizes: 150 wm and 300

um. Microspores minutely foveoreticulate,

70-80 yum. Fig. 5: 2.

Natal, South West Africa/Namibia, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Zambia, Madagascar, Kenya, Somalia,’

Ethiopia, Sudan and Arabia. On basalt outcrops in the Natal

ins cas in moist crevices between 490 and 2 990 m.

ap 15.

Vouchers: Craven 925 (M; WIND); Esterhuysen

26097 (BM; BOL; K; NBG); 29601 (B; BM; BOL; C; K;

M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S); 30228 (B; BM; BOL; C; MO; P;

se 30234; 30244 (B; BM; BOL; C; GH; M; MO; P; PR;

9 °

6. Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Br.

ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 193 (1868); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 335, t. 182 fig. 1 (1915); Jermy in

F.Z. Pterid.: 26 (1970); Schelpe in C.F.A. Pte-

rid.: 30 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 146, t. 89 (1983). Type: Cape Province,

Tsitsikamma, Krauss s.n. (LZ, syn.t; K,

lecto.!).

Lycopodium kraussiana Kunze in Linnaea 18: 114

(1844)

Plant wide-creeping. Stems up to 0,5 m

long, with swollen ‘joints’ occasionally below

furcation of branch. Primary branch systems

ovate to broadly elliptic in mature specimens,

but branches straggly, interwoven and outline

obscured; secondary branches elliptic-lanceo-

late; tertiary branches 1- to 3-furcate, 10-15

mm long. Leaves heteromorphic: median leaves

lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2,5 mm long,

apex acute, base cordate, unequal, margins

sparsely toothed; lateral leaves subsessile, lin-

ear-elliptic, 3-4 < 0,75-1,5 mm, subdimidiate

SELAGINELLALES

MAP 16.—Selaginella kraussiana

with a pale median line, apex acuminate, mar-

gins serrate; axillary leaves similar to lateral

leaves, but wider. Strobili infrequently formed

at apex of ultimate branches, 0,5-0,8 mm long,

maturing simultaneously throughout secondary

branch; sporophylls undifferentiated, similar to

median leaves but narrower. Megaspores re-

ticulate with thin narrow wings, c. 750 um.

Microspores echinate, 26 — 32 ym, bases of

spines joined to form ridges. Fig. 6: 1.

South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Natal, Swa-

ziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan,

Madeira, Fernando Po and the Azores. S. kraussiana has

been introduced to Hermanus in south-western Cape Pro-

vince. On forest floors in deep shade, 1 200-2 500 m. Map

16.

Vouchers: Compton 24934, 25917 (NBG); Cooper

1406 (BM; K; NH; PRE); Moll 835 (NU); Schlechter 4425

(BM; BOL; GRA; K); Tyson 2136 (BOL; K; STE).

7. Selaginella mittenii Bak. in J. Bot.,

Lond. 21: 18 (1883); Jermy in F.Z. Pterid: 26

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

145, t. 88 (1983). Type: Tanzania, Usagura

Mountains, Hannington s.n. (K, holo.!-BOL,

photo.!).

Selaginella mackenii Bak. in J. Bot., Lond. 22: 89

(1884); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 338 (1915). Type: Natal,

Tugela River, Gerrard & McKen 237 (K, holo.!-BOL,

photo.!).

Selaginella cooperi Bak. in J. Bot., Lond. 22: 89 (1884);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 338 (1915). Type: Orange Free

State, Cooper 1056 (K, holo.!-BOL, photo.!).

Selaginella tectissima Bak. in J. Bot., Lond. 22: 89

(1884); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 337 (1915). Type:

Transvaal, Magaliesberg, Sanderson s.n. (K, holo.!-BOL,

photo. !).

SELAGINELLALES

Selaginella depressa sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 334

t. 168C (1915), non Spring (1843).

Plant creeping, often forming interwoven

mats. Stems 10-120 mm long, branches all +

distant, those of secondary order 3- to 8-fur-

cate, divaricate; ultimate branches 0,3—0,8 mm

long. Leaves heteromorphic: median leaves

ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 0,5-0,75

mm long, margins bordered with hyaline cells,

dentate; lateral leaves ovate-elliptic, 1,25—1,75

x 0,75-1 mm, apex acute, rounded, base un-

equal, uppermost lobe amplexicaul, margins

dentate, becoming ciliate basally with a narrow

hyaline border, the whole when dry characteris-

tically ensheathing stem. Strobili erect at apex

of ultimate branches, maturing simultaneously

throughout branch system, female basally, male

above; sporophylls undifferentiated, similar to

median leaves. Megaspores subrugulose, sca-

brate, 250-300 ym; triradiate ridge shallow.

Microspores verrucate, 34-50 yum. Fig. 5:3.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho,

Orange Free State, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mo-

zambique, Malawi, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Uganda and

Sudan. In grassland around bases of boulders, 540-1 600

m. Map 17.

MAP 17.—A Selaginella mittenii

x Selaginella njam-njamensis

Vouchers: Burrows 1396 (BOL; NBG); Pegler 893

(BOL; PRE); Schlechter 3211 (BM; BOL; GRA; K); Thode

s.n. (STE 5376); Ward 2626 (NPB; NU).

Very close in leaf and spore characters to S. cathedri-

folia Spring from West Africa but differs in habit, texture

and shape of lateral leaves.

ISOETALES 25

ISOETALES

ISOETACEAE

Aquatic plants or plants of seasonally flooded or boggy ground. Rhizomorph short, 2- or 3-

lobed. Leaves in a rosette, terete or subterete often becoming flattened below; leaf base spathulate,

imbricate with membranous margin and a delicate deltate ligule on the adaxial surface at the point

where the leaf narrows (labium also sometimes present). Heterosporous; megaspores often of 2

sizes, trilete, with conspicuous triradiate and equatorial ridges; microspores monolete, frequently

with a conspicuous apical ridge, in septate sporangia sunken into separate leaf bases, with velum

(membranous tissue covering sporangia) entire, with a large or small aperture or absent. Mega-

gametophyte developing within the spore wall; sporophytic stage of life-cycle frequently achieved

without fertilization by male gamete (apogamy).

A family comprising only the widespread genus /soetes (Tryon & Tryon, 1982).

ISOETES

Isoetes L., Sp. Pl. 1100 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 486 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 80 (1908);

Alston in Mém Inst. fr. Afr. noire 50: 46 (1957); in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 12 (1959); Tardieu-

Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 18 (1964); Launert in F.S.W.A. 1:1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 30

(1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 17 (1973); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 31 (1977). Type species: J. lacustris L.

Description as for family.

A genus with about 75 temperate and tropical species.

ka Megaspores almost SOOOUe 2 sik «suasvsiossnci'csanwe- sie daiawanelast em baaae ona Rtee Mie thee Ma Eye daeeiae tanita cfaksirc' 3.1. transvaalensis

1b Megaspores distinctly ornamented:

2a Megaspores reticulate or foveolate:

3a Perennially submerged aquatic plant; leaves flat apically, not twisted, longer than 220 mm (eastern Cape Pro-

Vince); Megaspotes TOVEOLAtC Hy ad. ds «oT aucqepheupanndsl fe eadaenah oh aoe taeae hee esha ah baci seas eau bi 5.1. wormaldii

3b Seasonally submerged aquatic plant; leaves filiform, usually weakly spirally twisted (south-western Cape Pro-

vince), less than 200 mnnone: megaspores reticulate: 41.0, i...0404 sacs eaetanges yet esesennees 6. 1. stellenbossiensis

2b Megaspores tuberculate or verrucate:

4a Velum present:

5a Velum complete:

6a Distal face of megaspore with verrucae and anastomosing tubercles; spore wall between tubercles of a

fiahe: ABMS ANNAN ales Missa aha ed a 9 Lin's o-oo Gate ee ae ain ate cece aaa sp nsstth vipichelaansicnlue ig 1. I. capensis

6b Distal face of megaspore with discrete tubercles often crowded but not coalescing; spore wall between

tubercles of open fibres of aepicwlar Native sic. c il cov leh keh a tance ee diary thar scene 2.1. perrieriana

5b Velum incomplete, distal face of megaspore with tubercles discrete or anastomosing .......... 4.1. aequinoctialis

4b Velum absent:

7a Distal face of megaspores with well-spaced papillae arising from an even-textured spore wall; proxi-

mal face with a small central group of tubercles; sporophylls longer than 250 mm _ long

ban nk ab ta ddle ce Lod RCA aR ERE aig RAR REN ag OER auld icls hs A Neg AGUS a daria nla 8.1. schweinfurthii

7b Distal face of megaspores verrucate or with often crowded papillae of unequal size arising from a

rugulose or uneven spore wall; proximal face with a central cluster of verrucae; sporophylls usually

Jees rae. 200 ia Oa Oo Bias ge deal catunte d's v4 wey cg LIMOS Hall Vk via ie Anna ena KES ER WAIN 7.1. welwitschii

1. Isoetes capensis Duthie in Trans. R. Rhizomorph up to 11 mm in diameter; rhi-

Soc. S. Afr. 17: 330, t. 11 fig. 3, t. 12 figs 1,2 zomorph-scales deltate, more or less equal-

(1929); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. sided, horny, black-brown, sometimes ligulate

156, t. 101 (1983). Type: Cape Province, Cape with abortive sporangia. Sporophylls 5—35 in

Peninsula, temporary vleis, Duthie s.n. in Stell. | number, slender, up to 190 mm long, broaden-

Distr. Herb. 2001 (STE, lecto.!; BM!; K!; ing below into sheathing base and tapering

NBG!; NH; PRE!; PRU!). gradually towards apex, membranous wing nar-

4 ISOETALES

(\ \

wi \ ee

‘id! \ | ry

\ WU K

ANY

| :

FIG. 7.—1, Isoetes schweinfurthii, whole plant, x 0,66; la, inner face of sporophyll showing megasporangium, X

48 (after F.Z. Pteridophyta, tab. 6, 1 & 2, with permission of the Managing Committee). 2, Isoetes capensis, whole plant,

x 1 (Schelpe 4980).

ISOETALES

row; ligule cordate-deltate Sporangium with

complete velum. Megaspores white or grey,

darkening on moistening, sculpturing very va-

riable, usually rough with scattered or coales-

cing tubercles, in the latter case forming an in-

complete or complete reticulum, 390-615 um.

Microspores brownish, 20-30 sm, spinose,

spines sparsely or densely crowded, 3 xm long.

Fig. 7227001

Rhizomorplvtrilobed «.,o..0505cccenecakanenns 1 (a). var. capensis

Rhizomorph bilobed................... 1 (b). var. stephansenii

| (a). var. capensis.

Endemic to south-western Cape Province. Seasonally

submerged in vleis during winter. Map 18.

| Vouchers: Boucher 2570, 2571 (STE); Levyns 4454

(BOL); Schelpe 4980 (B; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE; S;

US); Strauss 27 (NBG).

1 (b). var. stephansenii (Duthie) Schelpe

& N.C. Anthony in Bothalia 15: 555 (1985).

Type: Cape Province, Stellenbosch Flats, Du-

thie s.n. in Stell. Distr. Herb. 2005 (STE,

lecto.!; BM!; BOL!; K!; NBG!; PRE!; PRU!).

Isoetes stephansenii Duthie in Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 17:

330 (1929).

So far only found on the flats around Stellenbosch in

south-western Cape Province. Seasonally submerged. in

vleis during winter. Map 18.

Voucher: Schelpe 4976 (BOL).

2. Isoetes perrieriana Jversen in Dansk

bot. Ark. 7: 200 (1932); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 156 (1983). Type: Madagascar,

near Antsirabe, P. de la Bathie 18486 (BM,

holo.!; P!).

Isoetes giessii Launert in Mitt. bot. StSamml., Miinch. 2:

309 (1957). Type: South West Africa/Namibia, Gibeon

District, Haribes, Volk 12323 (M, holo.!; BM!; BOL!).

Rhizomorph bilobed, 7-10 mm in diame-

ter; rhizomorph-scales infrequent in specimens

seen, deltate, more or less equal-sided, cuspi-

date, dull brown, horny with scarious margins.

Sporophylls 14-25 in number, c. 30-80 xX

1-1,3 mm, with wide scarious margins on

lower quarter; ligule small, deltate, apex acute,

base cordate, c. 1,4 X 1,3 mm. Sporangium

with complete velum, elliptic or ovate, c. 34

x 1,5-2,2 mm. Immature megaspores white,

maturing grey, with prominent tubercles, short

and verrucate, not at all reticulate, 380-460

jum. Microspores muricate-scabrid, c. 35 yum.

Fig. 8: 2.

South West Africa/Namibia and Madagascar. Season-

ally submerged in vleis during summer. Map 18.

MAP 18.—A Isoetes capensis var. capensis

@ Isoetes capensis var. stephansenii

* Isoetes perrieriana

Vouchers: Giess, Volk & Bleissner 5564 (BR; M; S;

WIND); Volk 12323 (BM; BOL; M); Wanntorp 915 (BM;

PRE; S; WIND).

3. Isoetes transvaalensis Jermy &

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 1501982).

Type: Transvaal, Blaauwberg summit, Van der

Schiff 5463 (BM, holo.!; BOL!; PRU!).

Rhizomorph trilobed, less than 10 mm in

diameter; rhizomorph-scales broadly deltate,

becoming trilobed and cuspidate, black-brown,

nitid, with scarious margins. Sporophylls c.

30-160 xX 1-2 mm (when dry), tapered grad-

ually to an acute apex, base broadly deltate with

scarious margins | mm broad extending up to

20 mm along lamina; ligule flabellate, broader

than long, labium shorter than ligule. Sporan-

gium with complete velum, oblong-ovate, up to

4 X 2,5 mm. Megaspores coal-black when

moist, greyish when dry, almost smooth on dis-

tal and proximal faces, 390-500 um. Micro-

spores faintly granular, 28-32 wm. Fig. 8: 3.

Natal, Lesotho, Orange Free State and Transvaal. In

rock pools in sandstone; submerged during summer, dry

during winter. Map 19.

Vouchers: Hilliard 5531 (BM; BOL; E; NU); Jacot

Guillarmod 7176 (BM; BOL; RUH); Strey & Schlieben

11606 (PRE).

4. Isoetes aequinoctialis Welw. ex A. Br.

in Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 195 (1868); Jermy in F.Z.

Pterid.: 30 (1970); Schelpe & Jermy in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 31 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

26 ISOETALES

EBL 4s 4

RRO RBA

Ee ae ak ae

Biceee.

FIG. 8.—Megaspores of Isoetes species (all < 55): 1, I. capensis, proximal face; 1a, distal face. 2, I. perrieriana,

proximal face; 2a, distal face. 3, I. transvaalensis, proximal face; 3a, distal face. 4, I. aequinoctialis, proximal face; 4a,

distal face. 5, I. wormaldii, proximal face; Sa, distal face. 6, I. stellenbossiensis, proximal face; 6a, distal face. 7, I.

welwitschii, proximal face; 7a, distal face. 8, I. schweinfurthii, proximal face; 8a, distal face [All courtesy of the British

Museum (Natural History)].

ISOETALES

Sthn Afr. 155, t. 99 (1983). Type: Angola, be-

tween Pungo Andongo and Sansamanda, near

R. Cuanza, Welwitsch 50 (B, holo.; BM; K!;

ETS.

Calamaria aequinoctialis (Welw. ex A. Br.) Kuntze,

Rev. Gen. 2: 828 (1891-3).

[soetes erongoensis Wanntorp in Svensk bot. Tidskr. 64:

150 (1970). Type: South West Africa/Namibia, Karibib

District, “Ameib’, c. 25 km north-east of Usakos, Wanntorp

992 (S, holo.!).

Rhizomorph trilobed, 4-10 mm in diame-

ter; rhizomorph-scales thin, papery, brownish,

often absent. Sporophylls 10-20, more or less

trigonous, pale green, stiff, 40-350 x 1-1,5

mm, apex abruptly pointed, with a broad mem-

branous margin (soon disappearing) c. 3 mm

wide basally (above sporangia); ligule often tri-

lobed, deltate, attenuate. Sporangium protrud-

ing either side of midrib on adaxial side of spo-

rophyll, c. 3-7 X 1,5-3 mm, velum covering

lower half of sporangium or reduced to a margi-

nal ring less than 1 mm wide. Megaspores grey-

ish when dry, proximal faces very finely granu-

lar or with a central cluster of minute verrucae,

distal face with more or less widely spaced pa-

pillae or granules, of two sizes, c. 350 wm and

500 um. Microspores scabrate, 28-40 um.

Fig. 8: 4.

Angola, South West Africa/Namibia, northern Cape

Province, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, Ghana and Mali.

Seepage areas; wet in summer. Map 19.

MAP 19.— A Isoetes transvaalensis

@ Isoetes aequinoctialis

@ Isoetes wormaldii

* Isoetes stellenbossiensis

x Isoetes welwitschii

@ Isoetes schweinfurthii

Vouchers: Giess 15243 (WIND); Pocock 20013

5. Isoetes wormaldii Sim in Trans. S. Afr.

phil. Soc. 16: 299, t. 5 (1906), Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 340, t. 185 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 152, t. 96 (1983). Type: Cape

Province, East London, Sim 1567 (NBG,

lecto.!; BM; BOL!; PRE!).

Rhizomorph trilobed, c. 20 mm in diame-

ter; rhizomorph-scales absent and sporophyll

bases not persistent. Sporophylls 5-70 in

number, ligulate-terete or somewhat flattened,

less than 500 mm long and 2-3 mm wide,

abruptly ending in a rounded point, winged nar-

rowly only at very base around the oblong spo-

rangium; ligule somewhat elongate. Sporang-

ium lacking velum, 2,5-10 X 2-5 mm. Mega-

spores white, tubercular, reticulate on all faces,

400-640 ym. Microspores minutely tubercu-

late, 24-35 x 20-24 um. Fig. 8:5.

Endemic to eastern Cape Province. Perennially sub-

merged in slow-flowing rivers. Map 19.

Vouchers: Jacot Guillarmod 4007B (PRE); Sim s.n.

(BOL; K; PRE).

6. Isoetes stellenbossiensis Duthie in

Trang Ri soc) -S) Atte 17932870; 23, Ft F

figs 1, 2 (1929); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 156, t. 100 (1983). Type: Cape Province,

Stellenbosch Flats, Duthie s.n. in Stell. Distr.

Herb. 2004 (STE, lecto.!; BM!; BOL!; K!;

NBG!; PRE!; PRU!).

Rhizomorph trilobed, up to 15 mm in

diameter; rhizomorph-scales 4-5 mm wide,

dull black usually tricuspidate. Sporohylls 5-33.

in number, 15-120 mm long, abruptly dilated

into a spoon-shaped or orbicular base 4~7 (—10)

mm wide, often horny and persistent, with a

broad scarious margin | mm wide which ex-

tends 10-15 mm up the leaf; apex blunt; ligule

small, delicate, elongate-deltate, sometimes

cordate basally. Sporangium lacking velum, va-

riable in shape and size, the older megasporang-

ium often circular, the younger oval or ellipti-

cal; microsporangium conspicuously punctate.

Megaspores globose, greenish grey at maturity,

darkening on moistening, distal face conspicu-

ously reticulate, reticulations often less regular

along equatorial ridge and proximal faces,

c. 500 um. Microspores brown, spinulose,

32-36 X 16-24 um. Fig. 8: 6.

Endemic to south-western Cape Province. In shallow

seasonal vleis, wet in winter. Map. 19.

- Vouchers: Boucher 2501 (STE); Hafstrom & Acocks

5452 (PRE); Levyns 3010 (BOL; K); Roux 182 (NBG).

7. Isoetes welwitschii A. Br. ex Kuhn, Fil.

Afr. 196 (1868); in Mber. Ges. naturf. Freunde

Berl. 1867: 7 (1867), nom. nud.; Schelpe &

Jermy in C.F.A. Pterid.: 32 (1977); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 154 (1983). Type:

Angola, Morro de Lopollo, Welwitsch 166 (B,

holo.!; BM!-BOL, photo.!; K!; LISU!).

Calamaria welwitschii (A. Br. ex Kuhn) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 2: 282 (1891-3).

[soetes natalensis Bak:, Fern Allies 132 (1887); Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 340, t. 184 fig. 2 (1915). Calamaria

natalensis (Bak.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 828 (1891-3).

ype Natal, Estcourt, Griffins Hill, Rehmann 7296 (K,

holo.!; BM!; P!).

Rhizomorph trilobed, up to 6 mm in dia-

meter; rhizomorph-scales short (2-3 X 5-7

mm), deltate-cuspidate, black-brown, subnitid.

Sporophylls 7-20, very slender, up to 75 mm

long, broadened gradully into an ovate base 4

mm broad, apex tapered to a blunt tip; ligule

broadly deltate. Sporangium lacking velum,

suborbicular, up to 2,5 X 2 mm. Megaspores

with strong triradiate ridges, distal face with

clavate, truncate tubercles and similar papillae

between, proximal faces with few to many

Short, discrete tubercles, 450-560 ym. Micro-

spores scabrid, c. 25 um. Fig. 8: 7.

Angola, Natal, Madagascar, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea,

‘Ubangui, Ghana, Nigeria and Sudan. Only known in our

area from the Estcourt District of Natal, probably in seepage

areas, wet in summer. Map 19.

Vouchers: The type of J. natalensis has been the only’

specimen found in our area.

ISOETALES

8. Isoetes schweinfurthii A. Br. in Bak.,

J. Bot., Lond. 18: 108 (1880); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 153 (1983). Type: Sudan,

Sériba Ghattas, Schweinfurth 1962 (B, lecto.!;

BM!; FI!; K!; P!).

Calamaria schweinfurthii (A. Br. in Bak.) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 2: 828 (1891-3).

Isoetes rhodesiana Alston in Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér.

2, 30: 17 (1956); Jermy in F.Z. Pterid.: 30 (1970). Type:

Zimbabwe, Nyamandhlovu District, Bongola, West 30263

(BM, holo.!; K; SRGH).

Isoetes alstonii Reed & Verdc. in Kirkia 5: 19 (1965);

Launert in F.S.W.A. 1: 1 (1969); Jermy in F.Z. Pterid.: 30,

t. 6 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 154, t. 98 a

& b (1983). Type: Zimbabwe, Victoria Falls, Greenway &

Brenan 8012 (EA, holo.!; BM!; K!; PRE!).

Isoetes kersii Wanntorp in Svensk bot. Tidskr. 64: 146

(1970). Type: South West Africa/Namibia, Ondangua-Rua-

cana Falls, c. 8 km west of Eunda, Kers 1389 (S, holo.!).

Rhizomorph trilobed, less than 15 mm in

diameter; rhizomorph-scales horny, _ nitid,

blackish brown, deltate, often elongate-cuspi-

date. Sporophylls up to 40 in number, erect to

lax, up to 110-400 (—600) mm long, abruptly

narrowed from an orbicular base, up to 14 mm

broad, bases often persistent, horny; apex grad-

ually tapered to a fine point; ligule deltate. Spo-

rangium lacking velum, oblong-obovate, orbi-

cular, 7-12 X 6-8 mm. Megaspores with pro-

minent discrete rounded tubercles on distal

face, proximal faces almost smooth or with a

group of few or many tubercles, 375-560 um.

Microspores alate. Fig. 7: 1; 8: 8.

— Angola, South West Africa/Namibia, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Tanzania, Sudan, Central

African Republic, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Morocco and Ma-

dagascar. Submerged in semi-permanent deep vleis. Map

19.

Vouchers: Giess 7615 (BOL; M; NBG; WIND); Van

der Schijff 2856 (PRE).

EQUISETALES 29

EQUISETALES

EQUISETACEAE

Terrestrial plants. Aerial stems erect, hollow, ribbed, arising from creeping subterranean

rhizomatous stems and producing whorls of branches at nodes. Leaves reduced to a many-toothed

short sheath at each node. Sporangiophores stalked, peltate, hexagonal, arranged in compact

strobili, terminal on stems or branches; sporangia numerous, borne on adaxial surface (lower

suse) of peltate heads of sporangiophores, homosporous. Gametophytes chlorophyllose, thal-

oid.

EQUISETUM

Equisetum L., Sp. Pl. 1061 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 484 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 70

(1908); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 32 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3

Pterid.: 19 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 32 (1977). Lectotype species: E. arvense L.

Description as for family.

The only living genus of the family with about 25 species mostly occurring in the temperate regions of the world

(except for Australasia), only one of which occurs in tropical and Southern Africa.

Equisetum ramosissimum Desf., FI.

Atlant. 2: 398 (1799); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

343, t. 174 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 32,

t. 7 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 32 (1977); W. B.

G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 158, t. 102

(1983). Type: Tunisia, Jebel Zaghouan, Des-

fontaines s.n. (P, holo.).

Hippochaete ramosissimum (Desf.) Boern., Fl. Deutsche

Volk 282 (1912).

Equisetum thunbergii Wikstr. in K. svenska VetenskA-

kad. Handl. 2: 4 (1821). Type: Cape Province, ?Uitenhage,

Thunberg s.n. (UPS, holo.!).

Equisetum burchellii Vauch., Mon. Préles 47, t. 10

(1822), reimpr. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. nat. Genéve 1:

375 (1822). Equisetum ramosissimum var. burchellii

(Vauch.) Milde, Mon. Equis. 443 (1865); Carr., Cat. Afr.

Pl. Welw. 2: 279 (1901). Type: Cape Province, Kuruman,

Burchell s.n. (K, ?iso.!)

Equisetum multiforme Vauch., Mon. Préles 51 (1822),

reimpr. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. nat. Genéve 1: 379

(1822), nom. illeg.

Subterranean stems horizontal to erect,

black, up to 8 mm in diameter, bearing roots.

Aerial stems up to 2 m high with primary axis

erect, conspicuously longitudinally ribbed, up

to 5 mm in diameter with whorls of up to 14

scale leaves up to 11 mm long, fused for most

of their length, ending in free acuminate teeth

up to 2 mm long, often turning black with age,

apical portions frequently broken off. Branches

produced at nodes, up to 14 in each whorl, up to

130 X 1-1,5 mm. Strobili up to 23 X 8 mm,

with a blunt conical apex; sporangiophores

1—1,5 mm in diameter. Fig. 1: 2.

Southern South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana,

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Orange Free

State, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, An-

gola, Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Soma-

lia, Sudan, Morocco, as well as Cape Verde Islands, Ca-

nary Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius and Réunion. Open’

woodland, rock crevices, on sandy soil along rivers and on

gravel in shallowly waterlogged places, 100—2 000 m alti-

tude. Map 20.

Vouchers: Bourquin 454 (NH; NPB; NU); Dieterlen 6

(K; NH; PRE; SAM); Galpin 7362 (GRA; PRE); Schelpe

4105 (BM; BOL); Van Jaarsveld 5974 (BOL; NBG).

An extremely plastic and variable species with a wide

distribution range, resulting in the description of numerous

different species, varieties or forms. An extensive list of

synonyms was given by Hauke (1963).

MAP 20.—Equisetum ramosissimum

FW pleat bs wees

Cette ee te oe Ta

OPHIOGLOSSALES 31

OPHIOGLOSSALES

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

Terrestrial herbs with globose, subglobose or elongated rhizomes. Fronds few or solitary,

stipitate (the stipe bases sometimes persistent), with a simple sterile segment with anastomosing

veins, and a simple fertile spike inserted at the base of the sterile segment or on the stipe, with a

double row of immersed sporangia in a spike near the apex and sometimes a short or long sterile

apiculus extending beyond. Sporangia large and thick-walled, each produced from many subepi-

dermal cells, without an annulus, dehiscing by a slit into 2 valves. Gametophytes subterranean,

tuberous, non-chlorophyllose, mycorrhizal.

OPHIOGLOSSUM

Ophioglossum L., Sp. P1.1062 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 484 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 68

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 2: 1 (1951); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 21 (1953); Pichi-

Sermolli in Webbia 9: 625 (1954); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 18 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in

Fl. Gabon 8: 28 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 43 (1964); Launert in F.S.W.A. 2: 1 (1969); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 34 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 21 (1973);

in C.F.A. Pterid.: 33 (1977). Lectotype species: O. vulgatum L.

Description as for family.

A cosmopolitan genus of about 50 poorly differentiated species. Two tropical species are epiphytic.

la Fertile spike inserted near the base of sterile stipe, sterile and fertile segments apparently free ............ 1. O. bergianum

1b Fertile spike inserted some distance above base of sterile stipe:

2a Old stipe bases persistent:

3a Fertile spike inserted at base of sterile lamina, wholly above ground level:

4a Sterile laming less than 30 mimi 100, Fy ences sae teen aerate apne ee ges ces 2.O. gomezianum

4b Sterile laminaanore tian SO 16 8 carga vant jieceene tenet eRe eee gated tae MR alee Set ee 3. O. polyphyllum

3b Fertile spike inserted some distance below base of sterile lamina, arising below ground level........ 4. O. nudicaule

2b Old stipe bases not persistent:

5a Base of sterile lamina cordate; venation clearly apparent ..............cccccscecceceneneeeeeeeenessaeeees 5. O. reticulatum

5b Base of sterile lamina cuneate; venation apparent to obscure:

6a Sterile laming more than-12 tna Ga oi ous che bef os ak cca a® aoa ee a teen etree aes 6. O. vulgatum

6b Sterile lamina less:theam42mni OpOad shes ce nis-cs teenies clcagebncatle neal ae ka Ape neces ena 7. O. lancifolium

1. Ophioglossum bergianum Schlechtd.,

Adumbr. 10 (1825); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

319, t. 167 fig. 1 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 161, t. 104 (1983). Type: Cape

i ee Lions Head, Bergius s.n. (?7HAL,

olo.).

Rhizoglossum bergianum (Schlechtd.) Presl, Suppl.

Tent. Pterid. 48 (1845).

Rhizome small, cylindrical, c. 1,5 mm in

diameter. Fronds 1-2; stipe subterranean,

short, usually less than 20 mm long; stipe bases

persistent; sterile lamina erect, linear to oblan-

ceolate, c. 23 X 1-70 X 6 mm, acute, not mu-

cronate, base narrowly attenuate; venation

usually apparent; fertile spike inserted near base MAP 21.—Ophioglossum bergianum

OPHIOGLOSSALES

of sterile stipe, c. 15-80 mm long, with 3-6

pairs of sporangia and a linear to subulate sterile

apiculus as long as or longer than fertile region.

Fig. 9:6 & 7. 7

Endemic to south-western Cape Province. On seaso-

nally wet sand, in rock basins and seasonal flushes, 20-650

m altitude. Map 21.

Vouchers: Bolus 7235 (BOL; PRE); Esterhuysen

27851 (BOL; KMG; PRU); Schlechter 10843 (BM; BOL;

PRE).

2. Ophioglossum gomezianum Welw. ex

A. Br. in Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 176 (1868); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 35, t. 8A (1970); in C.F.A. Pte-

rid.: 34, t. 4A (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 160, t. 103 (1983). Type:

Angola, Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch 35 (BM,

lecto.!—-BOL, photo.!; K!; LISU!).

Rhizome shortly cylindrical, c. 3 mm

long. Fronds 1-3; stipe subterranean for most

of its length, 7-25 mm long; stipe bases persis-

tent; sterile lamina lanceolate-elliptic to ellip-

tic-ovate, up to 17 X 11 mm or 26 X 8 mm,

acute with prominent mucro, base narrowly

cuneate; venation apparent or not; fertile spike

inserted at base of sterile lamina, c. 30-90 mm

long, with up to 16 pairs of sporangia, apiculus

acute, up to | mm long. Fig. 9: 8.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Angola, Malawi, Zambia,

Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Sierra

Leone and Guinea. Damp soil in grassland and on rock

outcrops, 470—2 400 m altitude. Map 22.

MAP 22.—Ophioglossum gomezianum

Vouchers: Roberts 102 (BOL); Werdermann &

Oberdieck 2008 (PRE).

3. Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Br. in

Seubert, Fl. Azor. 17 (1844), emend. Pichi-

Sermolli in Webbia 9: 632, t. 2a (1954); Lau-

nert in F.S.W.A. 2: 1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 37 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 36 (1977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 163, t. 26,

107 (1983). Type: Saudi Arabia, desert near

Jeddah, Schimper 984 (BM, lecto.!; G; P).

Ophioglossum vulgatum var. polyphyllum Milde, Fil. Eu-

rop. Atlant. 188 (1867), pro parte.

Ophioglossum capense var. regulare Schlectd., Adumbr.

9, t. 1 fig. 2 (1825), non O. capense Swartz (1803).

Ophioglossum regulare (Schlechtd.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 472

(1906). Syntypes: Cape of Good Hope, Mundt & Maire

s.n., Bergius s.n.

Ophioglossum capense sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

321, t. 166 fig. 2 (1915).

Rhizome cylindrical, tapering from c. 3

mm in diameter, up to 40 mm long. Fronds

1-3; stipe subterranean for c. %4 its length, up to

160 mm long, often with a reddish tinge; stipe

bases persistent; sterile lamina elliptic to ob-

long-lanceolate, up to 110 X 40 mm, acute to

obtuse, mucronate, base broadly cuneate; vena-

tion apparent to a greater or lesser extent; fertile

spike inserted at base of sterile lamina, up to

120 mm long, with up to 46 pairs of sporangia,

Nanded 1-2 mm long, acuminate. Fig. 9: 2 &

10.

MAP 23.—Ophioglossum polyphyllum

FIG. 9.—Whole plants of Ophioglossum species, all x 0,6: 1, O. reticulatum (Chase 6273). 2, O. polyphyllum

(Schweickerdt 2117). 3, O. vulgatum (Chase 3757). 4, O. vulgatum (Esterhuysen 25846). 5, O. nudicaule (Guillarmod

5414). 6 & 7, O. bergianum (Esterhuysen 29607). 8, O. gomezianum (Roberts 102). 9, O. reticulatum (rootstock,

Dinter 5492; aerial parts, Pegler 825). 10, O. polyphyllum (Schelpe 4385).

Widespread throughout Southern Africa; also in east

tropical Africa, Arabia, Afghanistan and India. Seasonally

damp flushes on rock outcrops and in seasonally moist

soils, often in semi-arid to arid habitats, 10-1 830 m alti-

tude. Map 23.

Vouchers: Codd & De Winter 5075 (PRE); Compton

3511 (NBG); Dinter 6650 (BM; BOL; K; PRE; SAM);

Giess 8383 (PRE; WIND); Strey 2091 (BOL; PRE).

4. Ophioglossum nudicaule L.f., Suppl.

443 (1781); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 320, t.

168B (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 162, t. 105 (1983). Type: Cape of Good

Hope, Thunberg. s.n. (LINN 1243/2, holo.!;

UPS!).

Ophioglossum capense var. nudicaule (L. f.) Schlechtd.,

Adumbr. 9 (1825).

Ophioglossum capense Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1801, 2:

308 (1803). Type as for O. nudicaule.

Rhizome cylindrical, 2 mm in diameter.

Fronds (1—) 2-3; stipe subterranean, 2-20 mm

long; stipe bases persistent; sterile lamina held

horizontally, somewhat coriaceous, ovate to

broadly ovate, up to 80 X 4 mm, mucronate,

base cuneate; venation usually obscure; fertile

spike inserted some distance below base of ster-

ile lamina, arising below ground level, c. 7—30

mm long with 2-9 pairs of sporangia, apiculus

subulate, attenuate, 1-2 mm long. Fig. 9: 5.

Endemic to Cape Province. In seasonally moist rocky

or flat areas, in the open or in scrub, 160-400 m altitude.

Map 24.

Vouchers: Pocock 30137 (BOL; KMG; NU; PRU;

SRGH); Rourke 772 (NBG); Schlechter 10842 (BM; BOL;

K; PRE).

MAP 24.—Ophioglossum nudicaule

OPHIOGLOSSALES

5. Ophioglossum reticulatum L., Sp. Pl.

2: 1063 (1753); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 322,

t. 167 fig. 2 (1915); Launert in F.S.W.A. 2: 2

(1969); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 37 (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 37 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 165, t. 109 (1983). Iconotype:

Plumier, Tractatus de Filicibus Americanus

141, t. 164 (1705)!, from San Domingo.

Rhizome cylindrical, c. 3,5 mm in dia-

meter and 7 mm long. Fronds usually 1, less

often 2 or 3; stipe subterranean for usually less

than % its length, c. 90 mm long (up to 300

mm); stipe bases not persistent; sterile lamina

cordate or sometimes almost reniform to

broadly ovate, c. 60 X 55 mm, apex obtuse,

with or without a small mucro, base cordate to

broadly cuneate; venation clearly apparent; fer-

tile spike inserted at base of sterile lamina, or up

to 10 mm below apparent base, up to 180 mm

long with up to 45 pairs or sporangia, apiculus

ret ie to broadly acute, c. 3 mm long. Fig.

aye |

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal;

widespread in tropical Africa. Seasonally wet soils,

500-1 600 m altitude. Map 25.

Vouchers: Giess 14934 (PRE; WIND); Rudatis 1216

(BM; STE); Scheepers 1124 (PRE; PRU); Strey 9242

(BOL; PRE).

6. Ophioglossum vulgatum L., Sp. Pl. 2:

L062... (1.753); Schelpe~ in, F.Z. - Pterid:: - 37

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

164, t. 6, 108 (1983). Type: Europe (LINN

1243/1, holo.!).

MAP 25.—Ophioglossum reticulatum

OPHIOGLOSSALES

Rhizome cylindrical, 3-4 mm in diameter.

Fronds usually 1, rarely 3; stipe subterranean

for less than % its length, 40-180 mm long;

stipe bases not persistent; sterile lamina ovate-

oblong, acute, c. 70 X 30 mm, mucronate, base

cuneate; venation obscure or apparent; fertile

spike inserted at base of sterile lamina or just

below apparent base, up to 180 mm long, with

up to 36 pairs of sporangia, apiculus subulate,

attenuate, c. 1-2 mm long. Fig. 9:3 & 4.

Eastern Cape Province, Natal, Lesotho, Orange Free

State, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Kenya,

Tanzania and Liberia; also Europe, Madeira, North

America and western Asia (Christensen, 1906). Moist

oe particularly after fire, 500-2 100 m altitute. Map

Vouchers: Codd & Dyer 8979 (BOL; PRE); Moss

17818 (J); Roux 377 (NBG).

7. Ophioglossum lancifolium Presi,

Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 50 (1845), reimpr. in Abh.

K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 4: 310 (1847);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 35, t, 8C (1970); mm

C.F.A. Pterid.: 36 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 163, t. 106 (1983). Type: Mau-

ritius, Thouars s.n. (?PR, holo.).

Rhizome cylindrical, 1-4 mm in diameter.

Fronds usually 1, rarely 3; stipe subterranean

for 4 to % its length, 10-100 mm long; stipe

bases not persistent; sterile lamina 20-60 X

2-10 mm, narrowly elliptic to almost linear,

sharply acute, sometimes shortly mucronate,

base attenuate to narrowly cuneate; venation

obscure or apparent; fertile spike inserted at

base of lamina, up to 140 mm long, with up to

30 pairs of sporangia, apiculus short or long.

South West Africa/Namibia, south-western Cape Pro-

vince, Natal and Transvaal; widespread in tropical Africa.

Seasonally moist soil, 500—2 000 m altitude. Map 27.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 7334 (BOL); 13915 (BOL; CT;

NBG; PRE); Huntley 2013 (PRE).

2 ae i ee

MAP 27.—Ophioglossum lancifolium

eae) ee ee ee ee ee ee

= a ‘

;

; 1

, 2

Mn ~ : .

* * , :

Y, i

« *

. 3

’ 2 > a

: | : F

rf ‘ ‘ » és

a o = r

“ : = i < ’

- < 3 ‘ d '

5 y x i+ cs 2

hes v 7 :

e ri J .

= i oon © 4 : " Te

‘ . >

; ; T=. j

it . P q

7 o .

on ‘ :

. “ ; ; =

‘ : ! a - be ¢ , ee

4 4 ; . s 4 .

4 }

7 VAew & ; .

? = i be J 5

4 € } pad . . fe i ' a

‘ P f * : ‘ ; u 4 kad :

= 4 é = @ = 2 + , 7

3 " é

— “ be “ ei . ,

‘ ‘= ul

: .

ale ‘ ne " | aim 4 es 3 - 7 -_

wy : ; ‘ Se ae : . + m= -

TP oa, 3 eae " ’ ; ' ? ‘3 4 . fe! are ; i P . = s

= ' ae : (es { :

bhieed " Ae ogn : pes

MARATTIALES 37

MARATTIALES

MARATTIACEAE

Large to very large terrestrial plants with often very large fronds and stipular outgrowths at

base of stipe. Rhizome erect, massive, short, covered with fleshy persistent stipular outgrowths and

fleshy mycorrhizal roots. Lamina very large, 2-pinnate; venation free. Sporangia clustered in short

double rows near vein endings and fused into synangia which dehisce over vein.

MARATTIA

Marattia Swartz in Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 128 (1788); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 68 (1908);

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 1: 2 (1951); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 25 (1953); Alston in

F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 19 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 32 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 50

(1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 38 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3

Pterid.: 24 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 38 (1977). Type species: M. alata Swartz.

Description as for family.

A genus of over 50 species distributed through the tropics and southwards to Southern Africa and New Zealand.

Marattia fraxinea J.E. Sm. ex J.F. Gmel.

in L., Syst. Nat. edn 13, 2, 2: 1294 (1791);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 40, t. 9 (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 38 (1977). Type: ?Mauritius,

Thouin s.n., Herb. Smith 1644/2 (LINN,

holo.!).

Var. salicifolia (Schrad.) C. Chr. in Per-

rier, Acad. Malgache. Cat. Pl. Madag. Ptérid.:

67 (1932); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 40 (1970);

W.B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 167, t. 111

(1983). Type: Eastern Cape Province, Hesse

s.n. (LE, holo.!—BOL, photo.!).

Marattia salicifolia Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 920

(1818); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 1: 6, t. 1 figs 9, 10

(1951).

Marattia natalensis Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 9 (1845),

reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 4: 269

(1847). Type: Natal, near Pietermaritzburg, Krauss s.n.

(?PR, holo.; L-BOL, photo.!).

Marattia dregeana Presl, |.c., reimpr. l.c. Type: Cape

Province, between the Umsikaba and Umzimvubu Rivers,

Drége s.n. (?PR, holo.; L-BOL, photo.!).

Marattia fraxinea sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 317, t.

173 (1915).

Rhizome up to 0,4 X 0,3 m. Fronds arch-

ing, Carnose-coriaceous; stipe green to purplish,

up to 1,5 m long, sparsely and minutely tuber-

culate towards the base which is thinly clothed

in narrow ferrugineous scales, with a pair of

basal carnose stipules; lamina ovate, 2 X 1 m,

with a carnose swelling basally and alate pinna

rhachis, pinnules dark green, linear to narrowly

linear-attenuate, up to 160 xX 18 mm, base

cuneate, margin crenate to variously dentate,

glabrous except for sparse minute scales along

costule. Synangia submarginal, up to 1,5 mm

long. Fig. 10.

Southern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia and

East Africa. Deeply shaded and continually moist stream-

banks in forest, 750—2 000 m. Map 28.

Vouchers: Enslin & Schweickerdt s.n. (NU; PRU;

STE); Hutton 140 (BM; GRA; PRE); Schelpe 5972 (BM;

BOL); Van Jaarsveld 6060 (BOL; NBG).

The shape of the pinnules, and especially their apices,

varies considerably among the populations ascribed to this

species in continental Africa and the African Islands;

Southern African populations show consistently attenuated

and narrower pinnules which are usually more closely ser-

rate than in the typical form.

MAP 28.—Marattia fraxinea var. salicifolia

38 MARATTIALES

CF ic,

Ser WE 1

SSS |}

°o

OSG

oo ceoe Paes OPO ZL Yaa

° . WSS

2° 006 000 000 © LOSS =.

CRE ae ees .

he AAT SAS ° HER BAT MARCH

FIG. 10.—1, Marattia fraxinea var. salicifolia, part of frond, x 0,6; la, detail of portion of lower surface of pinna,

x 7,2 (from live material).

FILICALES 39

FILICALES

ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE GENERA

la Plants aquatic, floating or rooted:

2a Plants aquatic, floating:

3a Leaves in whorls of three, one submerged, dissected and root-like, the other two floating ............ Salvinia ‘(p. 67)

3b Leaves not. in whorls, 2-lobed: true 1oOts PIESeENl).... «ices cco vko stam nsiesldbn Muade Pein e ee nen vail ivladne ana Azolla (p. 67)

2b Plants aquatic, rooted:

4a Each frond consisting of 4 leaflets borne at apex of an obvious petiole; sporangia enclosed in hard bean-like

SPIOUOC ALIS «ans z ocnz cs sin-nist rip svt cs Aine an ein ea ein Shi iets i a SIR Sara Ee 4 RS aera ae rere Marsilea (p. 57)

4b Fronds pinnately divided; sporangia borne on pinnately divided fronds, fertile and sterile fronds dimorphic to

a greater or lesser extent:

5a Fronds succulent; fertile fronds more divided than sterile fronds, sporangia borne sparsely along veins;

INGUSIONT PRESENT 9d EMO ait crt isan Hore des a teal dae Gel pea lee Ceratopteris (p. 95)

5b Fronds firmly membranous; both fertile and sterile fronds simply pinnate, sori covering under surface of

fertile pinnae; exindusiate isu:, acisaan Romina. ure en a eee SR Bolbitis (p. 239)

1b Plants terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic:

6a Fronds (both sterile and fertile) simple or pinnatifid:

7a Sterile fronds simple, fertile fronds pinnatifid, sporangia borne on small fertile pinnae in a comb-like arrange-

ment:dt apex of a very narrowly linear simple: froma cc, canaan bee ae eae kas aeons cae Schizaea (p. 49)

7b Both sterile and fertile fronds similar:

8a Fronds simple, margin entire or subentire:

9a Sori acrostichoid or linear in grooves:

10a Sori acrostichoid; fronds narrowly elliptic to spathulate, erect to arching........... Elaphoglossum (p. 230)

10b Sori borne in two narrow grooves; fronds very narrowly linear, pendent ..................068. Vittaria (p. 89)

9b Sori discrete, round or linear, not in grooves:

lla Under surface of fronds densely clothed with matted stellate hairs.................ceeeseeeees Pyrrosia (p. 152)

11b Fronds glabrous or with scattered hairs or scales:

12a Sori linearand set at an angle to midtil css cig, c-Si ies ee Loxogramme (p. 156)

12b Sori round or oval:

13a Sori indusiate; lamina thickly membranous with free venation ..................s00008 Oleandra (p. 170)

13b Sori exindusiate, lamina thinly to thickly carnose-coriaceous, venation obscure or

anastomosing:

14a Sori with conspicuous peltate paraphyses...............cccccseeeeeeseneeeeneeeeeeneees Pleopeltis (p. 159)

14b Sori without peltate paraphyses:

15a Rhizome creeping, fronds spaced 10 mm or more apart; venation anastomosing:

16a Epiphytic, rhizome scandent; rhizome-scales pale brown; only costal areoles with

Hine ached 919 Fi Oe css sch canreeperead anand paatians aiemdeneiitd sapesemaer elude Microgramma (p. 162)

16b Lithophytic or terrestrial, rhizome not scandent; rhizome-scales dark brown; all areoles

Wath ime Gd CLIO i Re ladda ohn cresseae tsi etcssr yee re sateen Microsorium p.p. (p. 162)

15b Rhizome short, erect, fronds tufted; venation free ..............cccceeeseeeeeeees Grammitis (p. 151)

8b Fronds shallowly to deeply pinnatifid:

17a Lamina irregularly pinnatifid, more deeply lobed towards base.................ccceseeees x Pleopodium (p. 159)

17b Lamina regularly and evenly pinnatifid:

18a Fronds up to 15 mm broad, lobes subdeltate (0) ified. Gane pervencianas asics Xiphopteris (p. 152)

18b Fronds broader than 20 mm, lobes elongate, parallel-sided:

19a Sori partially sunk into lamina, with non-peltate paraphyses .................45 Microsorium p.p. (p. 162)

19b Sori SUPCHMICIAl, WITHOUT PALAPUVSES |... ic.c cc ccevincersesa seeds cognateanialigwae tag Ole Polypodium (p. 156)

6b Fronds pinnate or more divided:

20a Fertile and sterile segments obviously dimorphous:

21a Fertile and sterile segments borne on separate fronds:

40 FILICALES

22a Indusium present; fertile frond pinnate; rhizome terrestrial ..................ecceceeeeeees Blechnum p.p. (p. 267)

22b Indusium absent; fertile frond usually 2-pinnate; rhizome creeping to scandent ......... Stenochlaena (p. 277)

21b Sporangia borne on modified segments of a single frond:

23a Frond scandent, rhachis of indefinite growth; pinnae borne in single pairs with an aborted bud between

BIAS Hc sisal crepmcsisenn ibe aie es ki at Se Spanien he cy ass a lS MRR ia ala ngs wIAS sald Lygodium (p. 55)

23b Frond not climbing, rhachis of indefinite growth; pinnae pinnately arranged:

24a Sporangia borne on small fertile pinnae at apex of frond ...............cccccsceceeeeeenseeeeees Osmunda (p. 43)

24b Sporangia borne on branched basal pinnae .................ccescecsececeeeeeeeeeeeeecesescesaeenes Anemia (p. 52)

20b Fertile and sterile segments similar:

25a Sori marginal or submarginal:

26a Indusium opening outwards:

27a. Fronds simply pinnate; indUsium linear: .......0..c.cc00ccesecececvensecaccesevedcveueecveveveses Lindsaea (p. 151)

27b Fronds 2—5-pinnatifid; sori discrete:

28a Fronds semitransparent, one cell thick, small; sori subtended by two indusial lobes:

29a Indusial lobes mostly free; rhizome subglabrous .................cecececeeeeeees Hymenophyllum (p. 76)

29b Indusium tubular to obconic; rhizome usually clothed in black or brown hairs... Trichomanes (p. 71)

28b Fronds opaque, more than one cell thick; sori subtended by teeth, indusium single..... Davallia (p. 171)

26b Indusium opening inwards towards costa:

30a Sori linear with obvious linear indusium:

51a Pronds deeply fabellately divided «sci. 55.4 SN eee We iene el BNE aR ek Actiniopteris (p. 148)

31b Fronds pinnately divided:

J2ay Witimate seements articulated: oci4c..0+5 dnicts, eoaran ch Mass ASM Mme LEA Pellaea p.p. (p. 140)

32b Ultimate segments not articulated:

33a Venation obviously apparent and anastomosing freely to form areoles........... Histiopteris (p. 82)

33b Venation obscure or free or forming areoles only along costa: |

34a Lamina thickly coriaceous; rhizome set with hairs ................cceceseeeeeeeees Pteridium (p. 83)

34b Lamina herbaceous to thinly coriaceous; rhizome set with scales:

35a Ultimate fertile segments with a distinct sterile apeX.............ccscecececeeneeeees Pteris (p. 105)

35b Ultimate fertile segments without a distinct sterile apex............... Cheilanthes p.p. (p. 111)

30b Sori discrete:

36a Ultimate segments petiolate:

37a Stipe terete; ultimate segments not ovate, but flabellate, dimidiate, cuneate ........ Adiantum (p. 99)

37b Stipe sulcate; ultimate segments ovate, pinnately veined..................66 Pellaea (pteroides) (p. 141)

36b Ultimate segments not petiolate:

38a Rhizome set with hairs; lamina pubescent or pilose:

SO de V SHALOM ANASCOMOSINGs caicec'sccse-sieas raise sa eaibes wns'e va <Gicsiga nsw Peder rd Aas wees Blotiella (p. 81)

SO V CMAN OO TPES iy cdticisssrar td neds aoe Ines Caen a ay Roane ds aiaaetaalngs Mh aldnacble ens Hypolepis (p. 87)

38b Rhizome set with scales; lamina glabrous or set with scales or tomentose, rarely pilose:

40a Sporangia conspicuous, annulus apical ................ cece cecececeeececeeeeenenensasaseeaes Mohria (p. 53)

40b Sporangia inconspicuous, annulus vertical ................cccececeeeeeneeeeees Cheilanthes p.p. (p. 111)

25b Sori superficial on under surface of lamina:

41a Sori acrostichoid or exindusiate:

42a Fronds falsely dichotomously branched due to abortion of apical buds:

43a Stipule-like lobes present at junction of frond branches ...............csceceeceeeeeeees Dicranopteris (p. 48)

43b Stipule-like lobes not present at junction of frond branches................ceceeeeeeee eens Gleichenia (p. 47)

42b Fronds not dichotomously branched:

44a Sori acrostichoid:

45a Fronds coriaceous, fertile pinnae borne towards apex of frond.................. Acrostichum (p. 91)

45b Fronds firmly membranous, fertile pinnae borne on separate weakly dimorphic fronds

fassaniete & fttrag as We nla och Oa cats ear csdl SS MO Ee eg AON AE hd Dr cbse oe aA Ay yen ia Bolbitis (p. 239)

44b Sori not acrostichoid:

46a Under surface of frond densely paleaCceOuS................cccescecesceceeeeeeeeeseeenseaees Ceterach (p. 206)

46b Under surface of frond glabrous, pilose or sparsely paleaceous:

47a Fronds proliferous:

FILICALES 41

48a Sori with capitate paraphyses; lamina glabrous on both surfaces........... Ampelopteris (p. 220)

48b Sori without paraphyses; lamina with scattered hairs on costa, costules and veins dorsally

A arenes koe A aiecemtinn cigar ows eer WM Beret asset il Thelypteris (madagascariensis) (p. 209)

47b Fronds not proliferous: -

49a Under surface of fronds with white, yellow or orange powder............. Pityrogramma (p. 97)

49b Under surface of fronds without powder:

50a Fronds glabrous:

51a Pinnae lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid into cultrate, serrate lobes with broadened adnate

bases; sporangia usually borne on basal third of pinnae .............. bee oetlaghes Todea (p. 45)

51b Pinnae ovate deltate, pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid into cuneate, emarginate or shallowly

lobed segments; sporangia borne on all parts of ultimate segments ....Anogramma (p. 93)

SOby Frones puwmescenit sc: aucsa-c- cee eee ee ase eee a vs ooh ope ewe Thelypteris (pozoi) (p. 213)

41b Sori indusiate:

52a Sori subcircular:

53a Lamina pinnate to 2-pinnate:

54a Lamina simply pinnate:

350. Ind usin reniiorin: venation 16O ay: 045004 che oteg's Cue ban elga tke dae oe eames es Nephrolepis.(p. 167)

55b. Industum peltate; venation amastOmOsing®.....%.6 iia Doce dose cFan decdeesdast ene qent Cyrtomium (p. 251)

54b Lamina 2-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate:

56a Lamina 2-pinnate; indtistum peltate cc. vic disas or. ccascee eer ceaaedeareecsneens Didymochlaena (p. 243)

56b Lamina 2-pinnatifid; indusium reniform or cupuliform:

57a Sori set on acroscopic margin of each lobe only ...............ccceceeeee eee ees Arthropteris (p. 170)

57b Sori borne on both acroscopic and basiscopic sides of each lobe:

58a Indusium basal, opening apically, lacerate v.06. ca ccesi etc ccgeveceeseeesneerie Woodsia (p. 240)

58b Indusium reniform, entire or Subentire.............. cece eee ee eee ee eee e ee Thelypteris p.p. (p. 207)

53b Lamina 3-4-pinnatifid:

59a Lamina and rhachises glabrous or set with scales or both hairs and scales:

60a Fronds developed basiscopically:

61a Pinna costa or secondary rhachises with raised edges on upper surface:

62a Basal pinnae not as long as lamina; pinnule margins crenate to serrate ..... Dryopteris (p. 245)

62b Basal pinnae almost as long as lamina itself; pinnule margins aristate-dentate

siathaee OG De Le at eg MAA eae oa Se he eter er eae Ta Arachniodes (p. 259)

61b Pinna costa or secondary rhachises without raised edges on upper surface:

63a Indusium peltate; laniinas AGO 5... 14. Sas score beeen anedanen san deaererein es Rumohra (p. 261)

630 Indusium reniform; lama PilOse. o.sics sey <esanex tea fads es ese e anes’ Ctenitis (p. 264)

60b Fronds not developed basiscopically:

Gag. Facies VOUS. 6c eek Boece tiles sath sad gars sath wah exact eeieak aapdanesea pea ane Cystopteris (p. 229)

64b Fronds paleaceous:

65a Indusium peltate; ultimate segments asymmetrical; margin sharply serrate; herbaceous

PONT Ne2 A oil AEG ON, ah hee 5 EE Akh fe Tl a ee aL a ee Polystichum (p. 251)

65b Indusium cupuliform or asymmetric; ultimate segments symmetrical, somewhat falcate;

margin subentire to dentate; arborescent ferns ...............ceceseeeee eee sene enone Cyathea (p. 69)

59b Lamina and rhachises set with hairs only:

GOa PEAS MRICS UST cicthss-caatenas Pang ane estate's pas gaa ohinne’ tn acden nhs Os Hypodematium (p. 263)

66b Hairs multicellular:

ON re Pee rN lrg ssh a Sia iidios Me Stk Clog Ue Masia dts REAR Oe teen 2 yak nema RET es Tectaria (p. 265)

67b Fronds not proliferous:

68a Rhizome set with hairs; rhachis and stipe of dried fronds bright yellow ..... Microlepia (p. 85)

686 Rhizome set with scales; rhachis and stipe of dried fronds light brown:

69a Multicellular hairs colourless, straight ..............cscsecseeeseesees Macrothelypteris (p. 219)

69b Multicellular hairs brown, Crumipled’ «0.5.0.5 ..yeccereesevsovseeesegeans Dryoathyrium (p. 227)

52b Sori linear:

7a. Rhizomeand stine scales clatMrate sos ciedae dene virvtrr essing erasing ene Asplenium (p. 173)

70b Rhizome and stipe scales not clathrate:

4? FILICALES

}

Pie Te eee A.A TR CA

FILICALES 43

Tha: Frondsismnply qiinates A ad Oe awd Blechnum p.p. (p. 267)

71b Fronds 2-pinnatifid or more deeply divided:

72a Sori elongate or J-shaped, never back to back...............cececececeeeeeeeeenenenens Athyrium (p. 221)

72b Sori elongate, at least some back to back:

73a Rhizome creeping; fronds 2-pinnatifid ................ccceececeeeeeeseueesesens Lunathyrium (p. 225)

#3b- Rhizome eect: (rons SoM ata 5 3655. cant ders esicied vig t ond nlb-a gels b's hatte net 0 Diplazium (p. 227)

OSMUNDACEAE

Terrestrial plants with erect or procumbent creeping rhizomes enclosed in a mass of persistent

stipe bases which are winged at the base. Fronds deeply 2-pinnatifid to 3-pinnatifid, often clothed

in woolly simple hairs during development, glabrous at maturity. Sporangia large, eusporangiate

in development, maturing simultaneously, with a rudimentary annulus of a group of cells near the

equator and borne either on both surfaces of narrow fertile pinnules or on the under surface of

undifferentiated pinnae. Gametophytes cordate or elongate, thick, dark-green and with a discerna-

ble midrib on the under surface. |

A tropical and temperate family with 3 genera, 2 occurring in Southern Africa.

Fertile pinnules much nartower than-sterie pinmules «255 sas 5 cons kiw-nnc-m vos Ac ebeen oes oa sanmereek Cotes lense eves 1. Osmunda

Fertile pinnuies. not differentiated from sterile pimiiles 055.50. cycsgs sae acpi chs esistemov' 1.1 Re dee vgn uals ences vnieand> 2. Todea

1. OSMUNDA

Osmunda L., Sp. P1l.1063 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 484 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 64

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 9: 1 (1952); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 30 (1953): Pichi-

Sermolli in Webbia 9: 644 (1954); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 20 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in

Fl. Camer. 3: 58 (1964); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 44 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L.

eco & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 28 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 43 (1977). Lectotype species: O.

regalis L.

Rhizome erect, without scales, covered by a mass of persistent winged leaf bases and em-

bedded in a mass of black roots. Lamina 2-pinnate; veins free. Sporangia borne in dense clusters

on both surfaces of narrow fertile pinnules with a much reduced laminar surface.

A genus of about 13 species distributed through the more temperate parts of the world. One species is represented in

our area.

Osmunda regalis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1065

(1753); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 310, t. 170

(1915); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 44, t. 10

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 43 (1977); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 169, t. 112 (1983).

Type: Sweden, Smaland, Rolander s.n. (LINN

1244/8, lecto.!).

Struthiopteris regalis (L.) Bernh. in J. Bot., Gott. 1800,

2: 126 (1801). Aphyllocarpa regalis (L.) Cav., in Ann.

Cienc. 5: 166 (1802).

Osmunda capensis Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 63 (1845),

reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 4: 323

(1847), non L. (1771). Osmunda regalis var. capensis

(Presl) Milde, Fil. Europ. Atlant. 179 (1867). Type: Cape

of Good Hope, Drége s.n. (?PR, holo.).

Osmunda schelpei Bobrov in Novosti Syst. Vyssh. Rast.

1968: 6 (1968). Type: Natal, Ngome, Gerstner 2339

(PRE). MAP 29.—Osmunda regalis

FIG. 11.—1, Osmunda regalis, part of frond, x 0,6; 1a, detail of fertile segments, < 7,2 (Schelpe 5673).

FILICALES

se la ae = a |

FILICALES

Osmunda transvaalensis Bobrov in Novosti Syst. Vyssh.

Rast. 1968: 7 (1968). Type: Transvaal, Entabeni Forest

Reserve, Codd 3039 (PRE).

Rhizome erect to suberect. Fronds tufted

erect, with a rufous tomentum when young,

becoming glabrous at maturity; lamina oblong

to narrowly oblong, up to 1 m long, with subop-

posite pinnae, fertile pinnae borne in apical por-

tion; sterile pinnules herbaceous to thinly coria-

ceous, very narrowly to narrowly oblong, up to

60 < 15 mm, unequally truncate basally, ob-

tuse to broadly acute, minutely crenulate, petio-

late except for adnate pinnules towards apices

of pinnae; fertile pinnules linear, up to c. 25 Xx

2 mm, petiolate or adnate, bearing groups of

sporangia at intervals. Fig. 11.

South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Lesotho,

Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya,

Uganda, Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone,

Fernando Po, Madagascar and Mauritius, as well as the

more temperate parts of Europa, Asia and America. Open

streambanks. 700—2 000 m. Map 29.

Vouchers: Dieterlen 586 (K; PRE; SAM; STE); Enslin

& Schweickerdt s.n. (NU; PRU 6256; STE 26350); Ester-

huysen 13440 (BOL; NBG); Noel 1546 (BOL; GRA);

Pegler 1075 (BOL; PRE).

2. TODEA

Todea Willd. ex Bernh. in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 126 (1801); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 64 (1908);

Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 46 (1970). Type species: T. africana Willd. ex Bernh., nom. illeg. (=

Acrostichum barbarum L.; T. barbara (L.) T. Moore). ,

Rhizome erect to procumbent, massive and covered by persistent winged stipe bases and thick

brown roots. Lamina deeply 2-pinnatifid; veins free. Sporangia borne on under surface of the distal

parts of the lower pinnae of undifferentiated fronds.

A monotypic genus extending from South Africa to Australia and New Zealand.

Todea barbara (L.) T. Moore, Ind. Fil.

119 (1857); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 309, t.

169 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 46, t. 11

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

170, t. 113 (1983). Type: South-western Cape

Province, Adair s.n., Herb. Sloane (BM,

holo.!).

Acrostichum barbarum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1072 (1753). Os-

munda barbara (L.) Thunb., Prodr. 171 (1800).

Osmunda totta Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 105

(1801), nom. illeg.

Todea africana Willd. in Nov. Act. Acad. Erfurt. 2: 14,

t. 3 fig. 1 (1802), nom. illeg.

Rhizome up to 0,12 m in diameter, bearing

tufted fronds at apex. Fronds erect, set with a

loose rufous tomentum during development but

glabrous at maturity; stipe pale brown, smooth,

up to 15 mm in diameter near base; lamina nar-

rowly oblong, up to 1,1 X 0,44 m; pinnae cul-

trate to narrowly lanceolate, usually set at an

angle of 40-50° to rhachis, pinnatifid almost to

costa into cultrate, minutely serrate, acute, co-

riaceous lobes up to 40 X 5 mm with broadened

adnate bases. Sporangia usually on distal third

of pinnae. Fig. 12.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique. Moist

streambanks at higher altitudes, especially conspicuous in

moist ravines and wet south aspect slopes on the mountains

of south-western Cape Province. Map 30.

Vouchers: Cooper 1738 (BM; K; NH; PRE); Parker

4251 (BOL; NBG); Schweickerdt 2442 (BOL; PRU); Sim

s.n. (BOL; GRA; PRE); Smith 116 (STE).

The Australasian segregate of the species—T. barbara

subsp. rivularis (Sieber ex Kunze) C. Chr.—generally ex-

hibits relatively narrower pinnules.

MAP 30.—Todea barbara

FIG. 12.—Todea barbara, part of frond, < 0,6 (Schelpe s.n.).

FILICALES

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FILICALES 47

GLEICHENIACEAE

Terrestrial herbs with widely creeping rhizomes, set with scales or hairs, becoming subgla-

brous with age. Fronds variously compound (in African species) as a result of growth or abortion

of a terminal bud between a pair of lateral branches or pinnae (false dichotomy); venation free.

Sporangia grouped in small sori without indusia; annulus complete, oblique; dehiscence by a

vertical slit. Gametophyte green, cordate, becoming elongate with a thicker central rib.

Genera 5, with about 160 tropical, subtropical and south-temperate species. Two genera occur in Southern Africa.

Rhizome set with lanceolate or deeply laciniate scales resembling stellate hairs in appearance; fronds without a pair

of distinct stipule-like pinnae flanking primary bifurcation of frond.................ccececeeeeeceeseeesucueneuen 1. Gleichenia

Rhizome set with multicellular hairs but without scales; fronds with a pair of stipule-like pinnae flanking primary

and often: secondary Wile aloes Ol MOINS sence coglta cos as ade e0.ne si. o-sy04 anip sachin addins Gow’ Naewowdeunwemeewen tian 2. Dicranopteris

1. GLEICHENIA

Gieichenia J.E. Sm. in Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 419 (1793); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 61

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 7: 1 (1952); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 34 (1953); Alston

in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 20 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 48 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 60

(1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 48 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 44 (1977), nom. conserv. Type

species: G. polypodioides (L.) J.E. Sm. (= Onodea polypodioides L.).

Rhizome set with subentire to deeply laciniate scales. Fronds repeatedly falsely dichotomous,

but with occasional development of axial apical bud resulting in elongation of frond. Terminal

buds set with scales somewhat similar to rhizome-scales. Lateral axes of fronds, between false

dichotomies, bearing foliar segments. (Any extension of primary axial, not lateral, axis of frond

devoid of foliar segments). Sporangia in groups of 2-4 (usually 4) on veins.

A genus of about 10 species found in Southern Africa, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand and the Mascarene Islands.

Branches of the ultimate false dichotomy bipinnate; foliar segments (pinnules) divided to midrib into rounded del-

tate lobes; soriciamiecin aut lariat hea RS en Sasha sv wien adn vinvnn oe en's wadebaw ened vidaloow'es 1. G. polypodioides

Branches of the ultimate false dichotomy pinnate; pinnules linear, entire; sori superficial .................. 2. G. umbraculifera

1. Gleichenia polypodioides (L.) J.E.

Sm. in Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 419, t. 9

fig. 10 (1793); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 296, t.

156 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 48 (1970);

in C.F.A. Pterid.: 44 (1977); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 182, t. 123 (1983). Type:

Cape Peninsula, Table Mountain, Koenig 44 (?

Lost).

Onoclea polypodioides L., Mant. Alt. 306 (1771). Caly-

ee polypodioides (L.) Ching in Sunyatsenia 5: 288

(1950).

Gleichenia argentea Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 36 (1824). Type:

Cape Peninsula, Chamisso s.n. (?LE, holo.).

Rhizome 1—2,5 mm in diameter, set with

long-spined dark brown scales up to 0,5 mm in

diameter. Fronds spaced 20-200 mm apart, bi-

furcate to reniform-lunate in outline, with 1

(rarely 2) level of false dichotomy in each lateral

branch system arising from each side of termi-

nal bud; all branches bearing distant foliar seg-

ments; stipe castaneous, glabrous or with a few

scales similar to those on rhizome, shallowly

sulcate, up to 600 X 1,5 mm; aborted apical

buds up to 1,2 mm long, set with dark brown

lanceolate laciniate scales (sometimes with

black spines); pinnules linear, usually glabrous,

up to 70 X 7,5 mm, divided into lobes, under

surface green to glaucous, 3 X 2 mm. Sori par-

tially immersed in lamina, consisting of 2-4

sporangia, each in a separate but adjoining pit.

Pie..13: 1.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, north-east-

ern Orange Free State, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Angola, Tanzania and on Madagascar, Mau-

ritius and Amsterdam Island. In sheltered, often shaded,

rock crevices and slopes, 1 220-1 870 m. It has become a

weed in the moister pine plantations of southern Cape Pro-

vince. Map 31.

FIG. 13.—1, Gleichenia polypodioides, part of frond, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X 4,8

(Hemm 419). 2, Gleichenia umbraculifera, part of frond, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of portion of ultimate

segment, X 4,8 (Schelpe 4543). 3, Dicranopteris linearis, part of frond, < 0,6; 3a, detail of lower surface of portion of

ultimate segment, X 4,8; 3b, sporangium, X c. 42 (Mitchell 402).

MAP 31.—Gleichenia polypodioides

Vouchers: Heginbotham 329 (NBG; STE); Hutton 136

(BM; GRA; PRE); Schelpe 6149 (BM; BOL); Venter 8495

(BLFU; BOL); Whellan 1491 (BM; BOL; SRGH).

2. Gleichenia umbraculifera (Kunze) T.

Moore, Ind. Fil. 384 (1862); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 298, t. 157 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 50 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 183, t. 124 (1983). Type: Natal, Omnaroti

River (?Umvoti River), Gueinzius s.n. (LZ, ho-

lo.t).

Mertensia umbraculifera Kunze in Linnaea 18: 114

(1844). Sticherus umbraculiferus (Kunze) Ching in Sunyat-

senia 5: 285 (1940).

Rhizome up to 8 mm in diameter, set with

appressed lanceolate subentire or ciliate light

brown rhizome-scales. Fronds spaced 20-100

mm apart, usually reniform in outline with up to

5 successive levels of false dichotomies in each

FILICALES

MAP 32.—Gleichenia umbraculifera

lateral branch system arising from each side of a

terminal axial bud; all branches bearing closely

spaced foliar segments; stipe erect, strami-

neous, darker basally, weakly sulcate, usually

naked; aborted. apical buds and young branch

axes set with light brown variously laciniate

lanceolate scales up to 1,5 mm long; pinnules

up to 35 X 3 mm, with broadened sessile bases,

apices rounded to narrowly acute, upper surface

green, under surface usually glaucous, even-

tually glabrous. Sori consisting of groups of

3-4 sporangia. Fig. 13: 2. |

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal and Zimbabwe, possibly extending northwards to

Tanzania. Around boulder bases in grassland and on

streambanks in partial shade, 1 220—1 830 m. Map 32.

Vouchers: Fisher 776 (BLFU; NH; NU); 836; 875

(NH; NU; PRE); Hutton 138 (BM; GRA; PRE); Schlechter

6757 (BM; GRA; PRE); Schiitte 10 (BM; BOL).

2. DICRANOPTERIS

Dicranopteris Bernh. in Neues J. Bot. 1, 2: 38 (1805); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 7: 4 (1952);

Pichi-Sermolli in Webbia 17: 37 (1962); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 50 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol.

Bassin. L. Bangw. & Luapula 8,3 Pterid. 30 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 46 (1977). Type species:

D. dichotoma (Thunb. ex Murray) Bernh. (= Polypodium dichotomum Thunb. ex Murray).

Rhizome set with sparse multicellular hairs, becoming glabrous with age. Fronds repeatedly

falsely dichotomous, but with occasional development of axial apical bud resulting in elongation of

frond. Terminal buds densely set with multicellular hairs. Primary, and often secondary, false

dichotomies flanked by stipule-like pinnae. Foliar segments only on stipule-like pinnae and on

branches of ultimate false dichotomies. Sporangia single or in groups of 2-15 on veins.

A genus of 10 pantropical species.

FILICALES 49

Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Un-

derw. in Bull. Torrey bot. Club 34: 250 (1907);,

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 50 (1970); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 46, t. 5 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 184, t. 125 (1983). Type: Java,

Santen s.n., Herb. Delessert (G, holo.).

Polypodium lineare Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 235, t. 67 fig. 2

(1768). Gleichenia linearis (Burm. f.) Clarke in Trans.

Linn. Soc. Lond. 1: 428 (1880); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

299, t. 158 (1915). Mertensia linearis (Burm. f.) Fritsch in

Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1: 1092 (1901).

Rhizome 1-5 mm in diameter, when

young set with hairs up to 2 mm long. Fronds

spaced 60-200 mm apart, bifurcate to reniform-

lunate in outline with 1-3 levels of false dicho-

tomy in each lateral branch system arising from ee

each side of terminal bud; only stipule-like, MAP 33.—Dicranopteris linearis

deeply pinnatifid pinnae (up to 120 < 40 mm),

and ultimate branches of false dichotomies

bearing foliar segments; stipe stramineous to Widespread on the continent and islands of Africa. In

light reddish brown, glabrous, up to 700 X 4 Southern Africa it is restricted to the eastern portion, being

mm; aborted apical buds set with reddish ‘ound Bes UAE: nS Enc ye apd Mos

brown hairs; pinnules linear, sessile, upto30X mm Map33.. 0

5 mm, confluent at their broadened bases,

apices emarginate, glabrous. Sori superficial, Vouchers: Acocks 11759 (BOL; NH; PRE); Schepers

consisting of a single sporangium or groups of — 1009 (PRE); Schelpe 1674 (BOL; K; NH; NU); Van Jaars-

2-10. Fig. 13:3. veld 154 (NBG); Whellan 1094 (BOL; SRGH).

SCHIZAEACEAE

Terrestrial ferns with creeping rhizomes set with hairs or scales. Fronds pinnate to 3-pinnati-

fid, erect, or dichotomously branched and pinnately divided and climbing. Veins free or anasto-

mosing. Fertile regions differing in appearance to a greater or lesser extent from sterile regions.

Sori marginal in origin subsequently becoming superficial. Sporangia with apical annuli and

dehiscing vertically.

This family comprises four genera with about 160 species that are almost entirely confined to tropical regions.

la Fronds climbing; rhachis of indefinite growth; pinnae borne in single pairs with an aborted bud between them

eT Se Pe Peay! LU, ac, 2. ives gant MUCEGT We UNAM WETrre, RADNER NOTION, Caer MPR a, OME A RMP Sen 4. Lygodium

1b Fronds not climbing; rhachis of definite growth; pinnae pinnately arranged:

2a Sporangia borne on small fertile pinnae at the apex of a very narrowly linear frond ....................eee eee 1. Schizaea

2b Sporangia borne on branched basal pinnae or on unmodified pinnae: .

3a Sporangia borne on much modified branched basal pinnae; rhizome set with hairs ......................0008 2. Anemia

3b Sporangia borne on unmodified pinnae; rhizome set with scales ...............ccece sce ee eee ec scene eneeeeneeaens 3. Mohria

1. SCHIZAEA

Schizaea J.E. Sm. in Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 419, t. 9 f. 9 (1793); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr.

2: 62 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 8: 1 (1952); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 52 (1970), nom.

conserv. Type species: S. dichotoma (L.) J.E. Sm. (= Acrostichum dichotomum L.).

Rhizome short, horizontal, subterranean, with closely spaced fronds and set with multicellular

hairs. Fertile fronds very narrowly linear (in southern African species) or dichotomously branched

with a crowded group of pinnately arranged fertile pinnae at apex or apices. Sporangia in two

rows, one on either side of each fertile pinna.

FILICALES

}

BLO

ewd

Or U

FILICALES

A genus of about 30 species confined almost entirely to the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. Two species occur in

our area.

Rhachis between fertile pinnae recurved through a semicircle at maturity with longest fertile pinnae about the

middle and with shorter pinnae at base and apex ...........

ELA PIM aks SEM RInE HARM? ACLS, pa anise etre 1. S. pectinata

Rhachis between fertile pinnae ascending, with fertile pinnae progressively shorter towards apex .................. 2. S. tenella

1. Schizaea pectinata (L.) Swartz in J.

Bot., Gott, 1800, 2: 102 (1801); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 301, t. 159 fig. 1 (1915); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 52, t. 14 (1970); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 173, t. 115 (1983). Type:

Aethiopia (LINN 1245/2, holo.!).

Acrostichum pectinatum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1068 (1753).

Rhizome horizontal, subterranean, up to 4

mm in diameter, set with multicellular hairs up

to 5 mm long. Fronds very closely spaced, very

narrowly linear, up to 200 X 1,5 mm, sulcate

and narrowly winged; stipe brown, filiform, up

to 70 mm long; fertile portion up to 16 mm

long, with a recurved rhachis; fertile pinnae up

to 9 X 1 mn, longer towards middle, shorter

towards base and apex of fertile portion, ciliate

with pale hairs. Sporangia in a row on either

side of costa. Fig. 14: 1.

South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Natal, Swa-

ziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Madagascar and Tanzania. Common on dry mountain

slopes and flats in south-western Cape Province, decreasing

in frequency eastwards into open sclerophyll scrubland, up

to 2 700 m altitude. Fertile fronds are normally only found

after fire. Map 34.

Vouchers: Burchell 4612 (BM; BOL; K; SAM);

Esterhuysen 10210 (BOL; NBG; NU; PRE); Hutchinson 98

Babs

| YY

i Me i

MAP 34.—Schizaea pectinata

(BOL; K; PRE); Muir 474 (NH; PRE; SAM); Schelpe 4905

(B; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE; S; US).

2. Schizaea tenella Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 50,

t. 1 fig. 7 (1824); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

300, t. 160 fig. 1 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 172, t. 116 (1983). Type: Cape

of Good Hope, Chamisso s.n. (?LE, holo.; E!).

Microschizaea tenella (Kaulf.) Reed in Bolm. Soc. bro-

teriana, sér. 2, 21: 134 (1938).

Rhizome up to 40 X 4 mm, densely set

with shining brown multicellular hairs. Fronds

filiform, glabrous, up to 230 x c. 0,5 mm,

sulcate, with a poorly delimited dark brown

stipe 3-10 mm long; apical fertile portion up to

13 mm long with rhachis between fertile pinnae

ascending at c. 45°; fertile pinnae up to 4 X 0,5

mm, becoming progressively shorter towards

frond apex, fringed with pale hairs. Fig. 14: 2.

South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Natal and

Transvaal; in continually moist habitats such as mossy

streambanks, crevices and ledges about waterfalls, and

aripping rock faces, between 330 and 2 160 m altitude.

ap 35.

Vouchers: De Vos 1320 (STE); Esterhuysen 1294

(BOL; NBG); 6758 (BOL; K; PRE); Strey 6922 (NH; NU);

Wager s.n. (PRE).

MAP 35.—Schizaea tenella

FIG. 14.—1, Schizaea pectinata, plant, x 0,6; 1a, fertile pinna, x 8,4 (Esterhuysen 24464). 2, Schizaea tenella,

plant, x 0,6 (Esterhuysen 25433). 3, Anemia dregeana, part of plant, < 0,6; 3a, detail of fertile part of frond, x 3; 3b,

sporangium, X c. 42 (Schlechter 6786). 4, Anemia simii, frond, < 0,6 (Chase 1008).

a2 FILICALES

2. ANEMIA

Anemia Swartz, Syn. Fil. 6, 155 (1806); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 64 (1908), as Aneimia;

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 8: 6 (1952); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 33 (1953); Pichi-Sermolli

in Webbia 9: 649 (1954); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 22 (1959); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 52

(1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 32 (1973); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 47 (1977), nom. conserv. Type species: A. phyllitidis (L.) Swartz. (= Osmunda phyllitidis

1).

Rhizome short, erect or creeping, set with hairs. Fronds pinnate to 2-pinnate, basal pair of

pinnae usually fertile. Fertile pinnae with long petioles, dissected much-contracted segments:

bearing sporangia in two rows on each segment.

Genus chiefly American, containing about 90 tropical and subtropical species.

Fronds (excluding fertile pinnde) pinnate sn, (5 5...cc. 2 ven. alenecc segues ian dive. das iednaneorigidicaw des ees cn swieee es aetlsnated es 1. A. dregeana

Frendsi2-Piinaleje) eager A: iste tas esas Wea ETAT ese. he MNES - o Sad) CALM leads «. eeoRiaeeg demas dak abou. 2.A. simii

1. Anemia dregeana Kunze in Linnaea Anemia anthriscifolia sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

10: 493 (1836); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 307, 308» t- 164 (1915).

t. 166 fig. 1 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 174, t. 116 (1983). Type: Transkei,

Umzimvubu River, Drége a (LZ, syn. t; BM,

lecto.!; P-BOL, photo. !).

Rhizome erect to suberect, up to 8 mm in

diameter. Stipe up to 210 mm long, set with

villous brown multicellular hairs up to 5 mm

long. Sterile portion of frond linear-acute to

lanceolate-acute, pinnate, up to 250 X 100 mm;

rhachis villous; sterile pinnae sessile, the

smaller ovate-oblong, rounded, with auriculate

to truncate base, the larger lanceolate, bluntly

acute with unequally cuneate base, up to 55 X

23 mm, margin finely crenulate, costa often

villous below; veins free. Fertile pinnae erect,

shorter than, equal to, or longer than, sterile

portion, with petiolules up to 100 mm long and

fertile pinna proper up to 180 mm long, 3-pin-

natifid, segments glabrous, c. 0,2 mm wide,

bearing naked sporangia. Fig. 14: 3.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland

and Transvaal. Occasional to locally common in forest ha-

bitats, usually in shade, and frequently on rocky stream-

banks, between 300 and 1 100 m altitude. Map 36.

Vouchers: Enslin & Schweickerdt s.n. (NU; PRU;

STE); Pegler 22 (BM; K; PRE); Roux 539 (NBG);

Schlechter 6786 (BOL; GRA; PRE); Ward 2350 (NPB;

NU).

2. Anemia simii Tardieu-Blot in Notul.

Syst., Paris 14: 208 (1952), pro parte excl.

specim. Angol. emend. Alston in Contr. Con-

hec. Fl. Mocamb. 2: 8, t. 36 (1954); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 54, t. 15 (1970); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 175, t. 117 (1983). Type:

Transvaal, Barberton, Thorncroft 959 (P, ;

holo.—BOL, photo.!; PRE!). MAP 37.—Anemia simii

FILICALES

Rhizome horizontal, up to 5 X 8 mm,

densely set with light brown to reddish brown

multicellular hairs up to 7 mm long. Fronds

tufted, firmly herbaceous; stipe stramineous, up

to 230 mm long, thinly villous with brown mul-

ticellular hairs up to 4 mm long; sterile lamina

ovate-deltate to deltate, up to 130 X 120 mm,

2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid; sterile pinnae pinnate

to 2-pinnatifid, shortly petiolulate, sparsely vil-

lous on both surfaces; ultimate segments obtuse

to rounded, decurrent, sinuately lobed, minute-

ly crenate-dentate. Fertile pinnae erect, longer

than sterile portion, with petiolules up to 80 mm

long and fertile pinnae proper up to 140 mm

long, 3-pinnatifid, segments glabrous, up to |

mm broad; rhachis thinly villous. Fig. 14: 4.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Usually

under the shade of tall woodland, often on streambanks,

between 800 and 1 500 m. Map 37.

Vouchers: Bredenkamp 1586 (PRU); Thorncroft 796

(K; NH; PRE).

3. MOHRIA

Mohria Swartz, Syn. Fil. 6, 159 (1806); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 64 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in FI.

Madag. 8: 9 (1952); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 54 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. &

Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 33 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 48 (1977). Type species: M. thurifraga Swartz,

nom. illeg. (=Polypodium caffrorum L.; M. caffrorum (L.) Desv.).

Rhizome short, horizontal, set with brown scales. Fronds 2- to 3-pinnatifid, not or slightly

dimorphic. Sori of few sessile submarginal sporangia partly covered by reflexed margins of ulti-

mate segments.

A genus of 3 species confined to Southern and south-east tropical Africa, Madagascar and Mascarene Islands. Two

species occur in Southern Africa.

Rhachis and lamina set with pale brown to castaneous scales..

Rhachis and lamina set with pale to white uniseriate hairs .....

1. Mohria caffrorum (L.) Desv. in Mém.

Soc. Linn., Paris 6, 2: 198 (1827); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 304, t. 160 fig. 2 (1915); Schelpe

in F.Z. Pterid.: 56, t. 15B (1970); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 48 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 177, t. 119 (1983). Type: Cape of

weet Hope, Koenig s.n. (LINN 1251/67,

olo.!).

Polypodium caffrorum L., Mant. Alt. 307 (1771).

Adiantum caffrorum (L.) L. f., Suppl. 447 (1781). Lonchi-

tis caffrorum (L.) Bernh. in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 124

(1801). Colina caffrorum (L.) Greene in Erythea 1: 247

(1893).

Osmunda thurifera Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 105

aes Type: Cape of Good Hope, Thunberg s.n. (UPS,

ecto.!).

Osmunda thurifraga Bory, Voy. 1: 348 (1804). Mohria

thurifraga (Bory) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 159, 385, t. 5 (1806).

Type: Probably Réunion, Bory (P).

Cheilanthes fuscata Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 116 (1828).

Type: Cape Province (L, holo.!).

Mohria thurifraga var. achilleifolia T. Moore in Lowe,

New Ferns t. 42B (1862). Type unknown.

Rhizome creeping, up to 10 mm in diame-

ter, set with pale brown, lanceolate to linear,

acuminate rhizome-scales up to 7 mm long.

Fronds tufted, erect, firmly herbaceous to

acdgoe a a eas Stet de ek URE gra tart ekan el arama Ane? 1. M. caffrorum

sisaianReh ae ask DERG By HOARE e ie Sea AE RE OR 2. M. hirsuta

thinly coriaceous; stipe pale brown in upper

part, castaneous towards base, from almost as

long as lamina to 1/10 its length, set with pale

brown, lanceolate to subulate scales at least

when young; lamina narrowly oblong to nar-

rowly elliptic, up to 570 X 110 mm, long or

shortly tapering below; pinnae pinnatifid to 2-

pinnatifid into crenate or serrate lobes, under

surface set with lanceolate-acuminate to hair-

like subulate pale brown scales up to 2 mm

long, upper surface subglabrous or thinly pi-

lose, rhachis pale brown, set with scales similar

to those on stipe. Fig. 15: 3.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Orange Free

State, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Tanzania, Réunion and Madagascar. Forest margins and

around boulder bases in grassland, 1 500-2 300 m. Map 38. .

Vouchers: Boucher 3931 (STE); Cooper 1447 (BM; K;

NH); Geldenhuys 555 (BOL); Schlechter 6666 (GRA; K;

PRE); Ward 3396 (NPB; NU).

A very variable species.

2. Mohria hirsuta J. P. Roux in JIS. Afr.

Bot. 50: 435, t. 1A-E, t. 2A-C (1984). Type:

Orange Free State, Tshesheng, Qwa Qwa, near

cave on road to the Sentinel, Roux 907 (NBG,

holo.; K; PRE).

—

MAP 38.—Mobhria caffrorum

Rhizome short, prostrate, up to 3 mm in

diameter, sparsely set with scarious, linear to

narrowly lanceolate, entire, white to brown

rhizome-scales up to 3 X 0,8 mm. Fronds

tufted, erect; stipe terete, pale brown, sparsely

set with scarious, narrowly lanceolate, entire,

pale brown scales; lamina oblanceolate to lin-

ear-attenuate, 2-pinnatifid, basal pinnae

somewhat reduced; pinnae widely spaced ba-

sally, more closely spaced apically, overlap-

ping in sterile fronds, ovate to lanceolate; pin-

ime

MAP 39.—Mohria hirsuta

nules crowded and overlapping in sterile

fronds, distant when fertile, rotund to ovate-ob-

tuse, less deeply lobed towards base and apex,

sparsely to densely hirsute with uniseriate white

hairs up to 1 mm long. Sporangia borne near

apices of lobes of apical pinnae only.

Lesotho, Orange Free State and Natal; confined to the

Natal Drakensberg, forming large colonies in shallow soils

in exposed conditions, 2 000 to 2 800 m altitude. Map 39.

Vouchers: Hilliard & Burtt 14927 (BOL; E; NU);

Roux 1214 (NBG); 1457 (NBG); 1508 (NBG).

4. LYGODIUM

Lygodium Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 7, 106 (1801); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 62 (1908);

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 8: 4 (1952); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 32 (1953); Alston in

F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 22 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 44 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 61

(1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 57 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3

Pterid.: 33 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 50 (1977), nom. conserv. Type species: L. scandens (L.)

Swartz (= Ophioglossum scandens L.).

Rhizome horizontal, dichotomous, covered with dark multicellular hairs. Fronds climbing,

with slender twisting rhachis. Pinnae (secondary rhachis branches) borne in pairs along rhachis on

short secondary rhachises ending in an aborted bud between pinnae, pinnate to 3-pinnatifid.

Sporangia borne along margins of pinnule lobes, each sporangium subtended by an indusium.

A tropical and subtropical genus of c. 30 species (Tryon & Tryon, 1982).

Pinnae (secondary rhachis branches) pinnate, oblong, pinnules articulated; veins glabrous ................. 1. L. microphyllum

Pinnae 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid, deltate, pinnules not articulated; veins hairy..................ecceceseeeeceneeeeess 2. L. kerstenii

1. Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Ferns Sthn Afr. 179, t. 121 (1983). Type: Phi-

Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 162 (1810); lippine Ilands, Luzon, Nee s.n. (MA, holo.).

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 57, t. 16B (1970), in Ugena microphylla Cav., Icon. 6: 76, t. 595 fig. 2

C.F.A. Pterid.: 50 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, (1801).

eae are ene ee ee Nee See ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ae ees ee

FIG. 15.—1, Lygodium microphyllum, sterile portion of frond, x 0,6; la, fertile portion of frond, X 0,6; 1b;

enlargement of fertile lobe, Xx c. 9 (Rodin 4703). 2, Lygodium kerstenii, sterile portion of frond, x 0,6 (Plowes 2043); 2a,

fertile portion of frond, X 0,6 (Schelpe 5465). 3, Mohria caffrorum, part of plant, X 0,6; 3a, detail of lower surface of

pinnule, X 2,4; 3b, frond scale, x c. 15 (Wolley-Dod 589).

Lygodium scandens sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 302,

t. 161, 162 (1915), non (L.) Swartz.

Rhizome subterranean, 3 mm in diameter,

producing fronds 40-130 mm apart; hairs on

rhizome c. 1,5 mm long. Fronds up to 10 x

0,30 m, twining, matt grey-green, up to 2 mm

in diameter, producing secondary rhachises;

aborted se bud densely dotted with brown

multicellular hairs 1-4 mm long; sterile pin-

nules petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,

up to 62 X 18 mm, base cordate, apex acute to

acuminate, glabrous, margin minutely crenate,-

veins free; fertile pinnules broadly lanceolate to

oblong, 15-45 x 10-18 mm (excluding fertile

lobes), base cordate, apex acute to rounded,

glabrous, margin minutely crenate with fertile

linear lobes up to 8 X 1 mm, produced at irre-

gular intervals, bearing up to 25 sporangia in 2

rows. Fig. 15: 1. 7

Natal, Mozambique, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanza-

nia, Kenya, Uganda, Central African Republic, Cameroun,

Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, as well as tropical

Asia and America. Twining climber in moist forest, up to

1 035 m altitude. Map 40.

Vouchers: Aitken & Gale 3 (PRE); Rodin 4703 (BOL;

K); Taylor 2585 (BOL; NBG); Ward 2388 (BOL; NPB;

NU).

2. Lygodium kerstenii Kuhn, Fil. Deck.

28 (1867); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 303, t. 163

(1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 57, t. 16A

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

181, t. 122 (1983). Type: Madagascar, Nos-

sibe, Kersten 75 (B, lecto.!).

Rhizome creeping, up to 4 mm in dia-

meter; hairs on rhizome c. 15 mm long. Fronds

up to 20 X 0,48 m; rhachis matt pale brown to

greyish green, up to 3 mm in diameter, produc-

ing secondary rhachises up to 10 mm long at

FILICALES

MAP 40.—* Lygodium microphyllum

A Lygodium kerstenii

intervals of 70-200 mm each; aborted apical

bud densely set with brown multicellular hairs

1,5 mm long; secondary and tertiary rhachises

with narrowly winged, petiolate, non-articu-

late, lanceolate-oblong to lanceolate, pinnate to

2-pinnatifid; sterile pinnules up to 110 mm long,

ultimate segments usually with prominent basal

lobes, apices broadly acute, margins both

coarsely crenate and with crenations finely cre-

nate, veins set with hairs; fertile pinnules pro-

duced into numerous linear fertile lobes, each

bearing up to 20 sporangia in 2 rows. Fig. 15:

Ds; |

Natal (precise locality unknown), Swaziland, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Madagascar and Comoro

Islands. Twining climber in gallery forest, up to 1 280 m

altitude. Map 40.

Vouchers: Burrows & Schultz 1692 (BOL; NBG); Su-

therland s.n. (BOL).

MARSILEACEAE

Small aquatic or semi-aquatic ferns with a creeping, branched, solenostelic rhizome. Fronds

circinnate when young, with 4 pinnae in a terminal cluster, arranged symmetrically cross-wise at

apex of stipe, floating in submerged plants, otherwise erect or decumbent. Pinnae herbaceous,

obdeltate to obovate, rarely narrowly deltate, outer margin entire, sinuate, crenate or lobate; veins

dichotomously branched, anastomosing, often with interstitial suberous streaks on lower surface

(in submerged plants), sometimes with sclerenchymatous interstitial pellucid streaks (M. coroman-

delina). Sporangia contained in closed sporocarps inserted on short pedicels on stipe (usually at

very base), this insertion forming a raphe; sporocarps thick-walled, sometimes with conspicuous

lateral ribs, venation (visible on inner surface) free or anastomosing, apex of raphe sometimes

bearing one or two teeth; sori numerous on a gelatinous string-like receptacle attached to wall of

sporocarp and released in the form of a ring when moistened. Spores of 2 kinds: solitary mega-

spores and numerous microspores (contained in megasporangia and microsporangia respectively).

FILICALES 57

MARSILEA

Marsilea L., Sp. Pl. 1099 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 485 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 65.

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 10: 1 (1952); in Mem. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 50: 11 (1957); Alston

in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 24 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 57 (1964); Launert in

Senckenberg. biol. 49: 274 (1968); in F.S.W.A. 11: 1 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 59 (1970); Schelpe

in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 35 (1973); Launert in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 51 (1977). Type species: M. quadrifolia L.

Description as for family.

A cosmopolitan genus of about 65 species. All the Southern African species are adapted to essentially the same’

ecological conditions, i.e. seasonally wet habitats such as temporary vleis, and can be found in shallow or sometimes

running water, dry streambeds, and dams, temporarily flooded grassland depressions, often forming large colonies. There is

considerable seasonal variation in the size of the fronds. Long stipes and large pinnae are produced during the aquatic phase '

in deep water. When the water body dries out these larger fronds with longer stipes lie on the exposed mud and ‘smaller

fronds with shorter stipes and smaller pinnae — and subsequently sporocarps — are produced from the rhizomes. The

sporocarps are extremely drought resistant.

la Sporocarps beme in a.cluster.on amuch branched pedicel... 02s... .sssecesseeceeccesen ss olerenaiaen tena ses 4. M. ephippiocarpa

1b Sporocarps borne on unbranched pedicels: |

2a Two or three (rarely four) sporocarp pedicels united basally to a varying degree............. cece cess ee ee es 5. M. minuta.

2b Sporocarp pedicels always free: ;

3a Mature sporocarps black, glistening; epidermis becoming detached ..................cecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaees 1. M. nubica

3b Mature sporocarps brownish, not glistening, often densely covered with hair-like scales; epidermis not be-

coming detached:

4a Sporocarps directed downwards into substratum or pedicel strongly curved or twisted:

5a Pinnae with pellucid streaks between veins; pedicel curved and twisted; superior tooth completely absent

OF [RESON Aaa) Matar GOL aah es tae nae a caale Say Serdar Back nena oe Gu olheaas sande aa gait angaavameentieeia er 2. M. distorta

5b Pinnae without pellucid streaks; pedicel straight or only slightly curved; superior tooth always present

sh aoai aig gt aS AM GE SE a eRe Te ar ie gi ON a mia Sle Sea: Me ae 14. M. vera

4b Sporocarps on more or less erect pedicels which are not conspicuously twisted:

6a Pinnae, at least basally, densely villous:

7a Sporocarps globose, densely covered in reddish tomentum with hairs of one kind............. 13. M. villifolia

7b Sporocarps oblong, sparsely pubescent with hairs of two Kinds .............c.ceceeeeeeeeee seen ees 8. M. farinosa

6b Pinnae pubescent or glabrous:

$a Sporocarps conspicuously saddle-shaped ......5::...-cl yg ok cece ane owetnceates taaed mes veaslenagesi 7. M. aegyptiaca

8b Sporocarps subspherical to oblong, not saddle-shaped:

9a Sporocarps directed upwards at an oblique angle to pedicel .......................00ee0tee0 LL.M. schelpeana

9b Sporocarps borne at right angles to pedicel or directed downwards:

10a Pinnae with pellucid streaks between veins:

11a Sporocarps bordered; lateral ribs distinct; teeth subequal......................008 3. M. coromandelina

11b Sporocarps not bordered; lateral ribs almost invisible in mature sporocarps; superior

(G0tNKa CONSDICHOUS NOM iyc., ciccgen cade ipced nackte Meats bund mac salnaweepsananiniauan See 6. M. fenestrata

10b Pinnae without pellucid streaks: ,

124: Sporocasps-crmicular tn OUthine evra bassin hs eae Hates aoe va vo save so tne yaaq er siv'ecee ges saan 16. M. burchellii

12b Sporocarps oblong in outline:

13a Sporocarps elliptic in dorsiventral CrOSS-SECtION .............cceceeeeeneeeeeeeeneeeenes 15. M. capensis

13b Sporocarps laterally compressed or concave:

14a Sporocarps distinctly concave in dorsiventral cross-section; lateral ribs prom-

inent ventrally; superior tooth conical, almost always acute .................0005 10. M. unicornis

14b Sporocarps rectangular or only slightly concave in dorsiventral cross-section;

lateral ribs hardly visible in mature specimens; superior tooth obtuse to subacute:

15a Raphe covering almost entire base of sporocarp; Sori 6-8 ................cseeeee 12. M. apposita

15b Raphe covering '/,—'/, of base of sporocarp; sori 8-12..............:..0eeeee 9. M. macrocarpa

1. Marsilea nubica A. Br. in Mber. K. Zalusianskya nubica (A. Br.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 823

preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1863: 432 (1864); (1891).

Launert in Senckenberg. biol. 49: 281, t. 10-13 Stipes slender, glabrous, 20-180 mm

(1968); in F.S.W.A. 11: 4 (1969); in C.F.A. long. Pinnae variable, outer margin rounded,

Pterid.: 57, t. 7G (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, entire, floating forms with short or long brown

Ferns Sthn Afr. 475, t. 354 (1983). Type: Su- suberous streaks between veins of under sur-

dan, Arasch-Cool, Kotschy 126 (B, holo.!; face. Pedicels free, straight or curved c.

BM!; FR; K!; L; M; PR). 0,5-2,5 mm long, at an iaele varying from 90°

‘ a fi ;

A kK

coy

SEER TTC

‘al

MAP 41.—®@ Marsilea nubica

@ Marsilea distorta

to 30°. Sporocarps very variable in shape, dark

black and usually shiny, outer black layer of

epidermis becoming detached and peeling off;

lateral ribs not apparent; veins (seen interiorly)

not anastomosing; raphe distinct, fully devel-

oped along entire sporocarp base; inferior tooth

not developed; superior tooth just indicated as:

tiny dot on broadly cone-shaped base, visible

only after detachment of epidermis; sori 4-5.

Fig. 1671.

South West Africa/Namibia and Botswana, as well as

Madagascar, Tanzania, Sudan, Central African Republic,

Chad, Mauritania and Mali. Map 41.

Vouchers: Schweickerdt 2180 (BM; BOL; K; M; NU;

PRE; PRU; WIND); Schweickerdt 2184 (BM; BOL; M;

NU; PRE; PRU); Smith 1988 (BOL; GAB; SRGH); Van

Jaarsveld 2999 (NBG).

2. Marsilea distorta A. Br. in Mber. K.

preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1863: 433 (1864);

Launert in Senckenberg, biol. 49: 284, t. 14-16

(1968); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn. Afr.

476 (1983). Type: Senegal, near Dagana-

Ouallo, Leprieur s.n. (B, holo.; FR; L; P).

Stipes slender, wiry, erect, usually gla-

brous, c. 10-100 mm long. Pinnae usually

slightly asymmetrical, flanks concave or

straight, outer margin irregularly crenate or

dentate, with long pellucid streaks between the

veins. Pedicels free, flexuose, conspicuously

curved and twisted, often encircling sporocarp.

Sporocarps usually crowded at very base of

stipe, broadly elliptic to oblong-elliptic in later-

al view, elliptic in dorsiventral cross-section,

not bordered, always densely brownish tomen-

tose; lateral ribs 6-12, apparent; veins (seen

interiorly) not anastomosing; raphe distinct, at-

tached to 4-4 of sporocarp base; inferior tooth

prominent, appearing as somewhat recurved

apex of raphe; superior tooth just represented as

a dark circular area; soric. 10-14.

South West Africa/Namibia, Timbabye, Tanzania,

Mauritania, Chad, Senegal and Liberia. Map 41.

Voucher: Tinley 1183 (WIND).

3. Marsilea coromandelina Willd., Sp.

Pl. edn 4, 5: 539 (1810); Launert in Sencken-

berg. biol. 49: 285, t. 17-23 (1968); in

F.S.W.A. 11: 3 (1969); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 54,

t. 7E (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 477, t. 355 (1983). Type: India, Tranque-

Mee ee s.n., Herb. Willdenow no. 20253 (B,

olo.!).

Marsilea trichocarpa Brem. in Ann. Transv. Mus. 15:

234 (1933). Type: Transvaal, Pietersburg, Vivo Vlei,

Bremekamp & Schweickerdt 193 (PRE, holo.!; BM!; K!).

Stipes slender, filiform, usually glabrous,

c. 10-90 mm long. Pinnae narrowly cuneate to

obdeltate, glabrous to occasionally sparsely

pilose, 2-8 X 1,25-8 mm, with pellucid streaks

between veins, flanks usually straight, outer

margin round entire, occasionally crenate to

bilobed. Pedicels wiry, flexible, straight or

gently curved, free 5-15 mm. Sporocarps

usually solitary, subcircular to broadly elliptic

in lateral view, lemon-shaped in dorsiventral

cross-section, conspicuously bordered with

bulging sides, appressed pilose at first, becom-

ing glabrous at maturity, 2-3,75 x 1,5-2,5

*1,75 mm thick; lateral ribs usually promi-

nent; raphe distinct; inferior tooth obtuse,

usually downward-pointing; superior tooth

broadly conical, obtuse to subacute; sori 8-12.

Angola, South West Africa/Namibia, Transvaal and

Madagascar, as well as Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tanzania,

Burundi, Senegal, Mauritania, Sudan, Socotra and India.

Map 42.

Vouchers: Bremekamp & Schweickerdt 193 (BM; K;

PRE; PRU); Leippert 4688 (M; WIND).

FIG. 16.—1, Marsilea nubica, sporocarp, < 7,2 (Schweickerdt 2180). 2, M. macrocarpa, sporocarp, X 7,2 (Isaac

sub BOL 26548). 3, M. burchellii, sporocarp, x 7,2 (Schelpe 5915a). 4, M. fenestrata, sporocarp, X 7,2; 4a, section of

leaflet showing pellucid streaks, X 7,2 (Ward 2458). 5, M. unicornis, sporocarp, X 7,2 (Schweickerdt 2202). 6, M. vera,

sporocarp, X 7,2 (Schweickerdt 2200). 7, M. schelpeana, part of plant, x 0,6; 7a, sporocarp, X 7,2 (Liversidge sub BOL

26551). 8, M. villifolia, sporocarp after Launert (1968), x 2,4.

MAP 42.—Marsilea coromandelina

4. Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston in J.

Bot., Lond. 68: 118 (1930); Launert in

Senckenberg. biol. 49: 289, t. 29-31, 67

(1968); in F.S.W.A. 11: 3 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 62. t. 17A (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 54, t.

7B (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

478, t. 27, 356 (1983). Type: Zimbabwe, near

Fort Victoria, Rendle 307 (BM, holo.!).

Stipes bright green, c. 30-150 mm long.

Pinnae greyish pubescent when young, later

usually glabrous, extremely variable in shape

and size, outer margin always rounded, entire,

wavy-edged, irregularly crenulate to deeply

crenate, sometimes deeply lobed, usually only

emarginate or retuse. Pedicels adnate, a pedun-

cle-like base branching dichotomously; pedun-

cle up to 6 mm long; individual pedicels c.

1-14 times as long as sporocarps. Sporocarps

in dense clusters of 3 to many at nodes, typi-

cally saddle-shaped, dorsally almost always

deeply concave, ventrally rounded, oblong to

elliptic in dorsiventral cross-section, 2—3,5 X

2-4 X 0,5—1,5 mm thick; lateral ribs not vis-

ible in mature specimens; inferior tooth not pre-

sent (or just indicated by a shallow hump);

superior tooth conspicuous, short.

Angola, South West Africa/Namibia,

Botswana,

Natal, Transvaal and Zimbabwe. Map 43.

Vouchers: Codd & De Winter 4975 (PRE); Dinter

7207 (B; BM; BOL; FR; K; M; PRE; PRU; WIND); Drum-

mond 8250 (BOL; SRGH); Ward 2517 (BM; NPB; NU).

MAP 43.—Marsilea ephippiocarpa

>. Marsilea minuta L., Mant. Alt. 308

(1771); Launert in Senckenberg. biol. 49: 291,

t. 32-34, 69 (1968); in F.Z. Pterid.: 60, t. 17B

(1970); Schelpe in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L.

Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid. 36 (1973); Lau-

nert in C.F.A. Pterid.: 55 (1977); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 479, t. 357 (1983).

Type: India (LINN 1254/6, holo.).

Stipes slender, usually glabrous. Pinnae

obdeltate to broadly obdeltate, usually gla-

brous, with brownish suberous streaks on under

surface between veins of floating pinnae, flanks

usually straight to convex, outer margin round,

entire in floating ones, entire or sinuate or cre-

nulate in aerial or subaerial pinnae. Pedicels

terete, fairly stout, c. 3-7 mm long, erect or

gently curved upwards, free or united to some

extent with 2 or 3 others, usually inserted at

very base of stipe. Sporocarps usually crowded

(very rarely solitary), extremely variable in

size, distally always rounded, elliptic in dorsi-

ventral cross-section, without dorsal or frontal

furrow or suture; lateral ribs usually invisible;

teeth very prominent; sori 8-12.

Natal, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire,

Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Central Afri-

can Republic, Chad, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Guinea Bis-

sau, Senegal, Mali, Algeria, Madagascar and Comoro Is-

lands. Map 44.

Voucher: Milton 20 (BOL); Ward 3118 (NPB; NU).

FILICALES

MAP 44.—Marsilea minuta

6. Marsilea fenestrata Launert in Mitt.

Bot. StSamml., Minch. 3: 507, t. 2 (1960); in

Senckenberg. biol. 49: 294, t. 35-37 (1968);

W.B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 480, t. 358

(1983). Type: Natal, Umfolozi Game Reserve, .

Ward 2458 (BOL, holo.!; BM!; NPB!; NU!).

Stipes rather slender, c. 50-120 mm long.

Pinnae obdeltate to broadly obdeltate, flanks

straight or slightly convex, outer margin emar-

ginate to irregularly crenate; usually glabrous,

with longitudinal pellucid streaks between the

veins. Pedicels robust, curved or straight, erect

or ascending, 2,5-3 mm long. Sporocarps in,

dense groups at very base of stipes, subrectang-

ular in lateral view, narrowly elliptic in dorsi-

ventral cross-section, dorsally slightly inwardly

curved to almost straight, ventrally curved;

lateral ribs 4-7, almost invisible at maturity;

lateral veins (seen interiorly) not anastomosing;

raphe distinct, attached to entire sporocarp

base; inferior tooth obtuse, not very prominent;

superior tooth very conspicuous; sori 7-8. Fig.

16: 4

Natal, Swaziland and southern Mozambique. Map 45.

Vouchers: Compton 29735 (Swaziland); Wager s.n.

(BOL; NH); Ward 3195 (NPB; NU).

7. Marsilea aegyptiaca Willd. in L., Sp.

Pl. edn 4, 5: 540 (1810); Launert in Sencken-

berg. biol. 49: 296, t. 38-40 (1968); in

F.S.W.A. 11: 3 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 62, t.

18E (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 481, t. 359 (1983). Type lost. Launert

(1968) suggested Schimper & Wiest 33 from

MAP 45.—@ Marsilea fenestrata

@ Marsilea aegyptiaca

Egypt as a standard specimen as he felt no need

for creating a neotype (BM; BR; FR; K; L; M;

PR).

Stipes slender, greenish, hairy, becoming

glabrous with age. Pinnae extremely variable,

with longitudinal brown suberous streaks on

lower surface in floating pinnae. Pedicels al-

ways free, somewhat stout, curved or straight,

c. 3-8 mm long. Sporocarps solitary or more

often in dense groups of 2 to many clustered at

very base of stipe, 1-2 mm thick, square to

rectangular in lateral view, sometimes ventrally

curved, dorsally straight or saddle-shaped to a

varying degree, oblong in frontal view, lateral

sides with shallow or deep, slightly curved ven-

tral groove with frontal furrow usually present

and often expanded over dorsal side; raphe pre-

sent but often indistinct; inferior tooth undeve-

loped; superior tooth always distinct; sori 46.

South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, north-western

Cape Province and Transvaal, as well as Madagascar, Tuni-

sia, Sudan, Egypt and Ethiopia. Map 45.

Vouchers: Dinter 7694 (B; BM; BOL; FR; K; M; PRE;

PRU; WIND); Schweickerdt 2146; 2148 (BM; BOL; K; M;

NU; PRE; PRU; WIND); Wild 5115 (SRGH).

8. Marsilea farinosa Launert in Sencken-

berg. biol. 49: 298, t. 41-46, 70-71 (1968); in

F.S.W.A. 11: 4 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 65. t.

17C (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 55, t. 7A

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

481, t. 360 (1983). Type: South West Africa/

Namibia, Grootfontein, at Sus, Schdnfelder sub

Dinter 7688 (M, holo.; B; BM!; BOL!; FR; K!;

PRE!; WIND!).

MAP 46.—Marsilea farinosa

Stipes slender, usually hispid, erect, c.

20-150 mm long. Pinnae without pellucid

streaks. Pedicels usually curved, relatively

slender, flexible, usually hispid, erect or as-

cending, c. 8-15 mm long. Sporocarps densely

crowded at base of stipe, bean-shaped, usually

horizontal, with a furrow along dorsal, frontal

and ventral sides, laterally slightly bulging, flat

or rarely concave; lateral ribs 8-11, inconspi-

cuous at maturity; set with multicellular unise-

riate hairs of 2 kinds: basally attached, erect

ordinary cylindrical hairs, and flattened hairs

lateraly attached to surface of sporocarp by

usually 1-celled funicle-like stalk; raphe pre-

sent, covering 4~% of sporocarp base; inferior

tooth absent (or present as shallow hump); su-

perior tooth inconspicuous; sori 8-11.

Angola, South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, nor-

thern Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Tanzania and Ethiopia. Map 46.

Vouchers: Burtt Davy 4081 (BM; BOL; K); De Winter

oe (K; M; PRE; WIND); Wild & Drummond 7263 (BOL;

RGH).

9. Marsilea macrocarpa Pres/ in Abh. K.

Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 580 (1845); Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 314, t. 171 (1915); Launert

in Senckenberg. biol. 49: 300, t. 47-52, 72-73

(1968); in F.S.W.A. 11: 4 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 64, t. 17D (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 56, t.

7D (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

483, t. 361 (1983). Type: Cape Province,

Drége a & b (PR, holo.; B).

Zalusianskya macrocarpa (Presl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2:

823 (1891).

FILICALES

MAP 47.—Marsilea macrocarpa

Marsilea dregeana A. Br. in Mber. K. preuss. Akad.

Wiss. Berl. 1863: 428 (1864). Type as for M. macrocarpa

Presl.

Stipes variable, usually glabrous, some-

what striate. Pinnae green with long brown

suberous interstitial streaks on under surface of

floating pinnae, flanks usually concave, outer

margin round, usually entire or sinuate. Pedi-

cels free, inserted at very base of stipe, usually

erect or ascending, c. 7-12 mm long. Sporo-

carps very variable in size, narrowly rectangu-

lar to slightly biscoctiform in dorsiventral cross-

section, not bordered, usually with shallow fur-

row along dorsal, frontal and sometimes part of

ventral side; lateral ribs more or less distinct,

often disappearing at maturity; raphe distinct,

covering 4-4 of sporocarp base; inferior tooth

absent (or present as very shallow hump); supe-

rior tooth present, rather short; sori usually

8-12. Fig. 16: 2.

Angola, South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, east-

erm and northern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe and East Africa. Map 47.

Vouchers: Enslin & Schweickerdt s.n. (NU; PRU

6241); Kers 170 (BM; FR; S; WIND); Pegler 1528 (BM;

BOL; PRE); Schelpe 5025 (B; BM; BOL; C; GH; K; M;

MO; NBG; P; PR; PRE; S; STE; US); Schlechter 4675 (BR:

BOL; NBG; PRC).

10. Marsilea unicornis Launert in Senc-

kenberg. biol. 49: 303, t. 53-54, 74 (1968); in

F.S.W.A. 11: 4 (1969); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 56,

t. 7C (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 484, t. 362 (1983). Type: South West Afri-

ca/Namibia, Tsumeb, Dinter 7585 (M, holo!;

BM!; BOL!; FR; K!; PRE!; WIND!).

FILICALES

MAP 48.—®@ Marsilea unicornis

@ Marsilea schelpeana

Stipes usually slender and glabrous, c.

60-200 mm long. Pinnae narrow to broadly

obdeltate, olive- or greyish green, usually gla-

brous, flanks usually straight, outer margin

bilobed, irregularly crenate, shortly lobate-cre-

nate, or rarely entire. Pedicels free, slender,

6-14 mm long. Sporocarps solitary at very base

of stipe, bean-shaped or rarely lozenge-shaped,

biscoctiform in dorsiventral cross-section,

almost always with continuous dorsi-fronto-

ventral furrow; lateral ribs 9-14, usually

somewhat prominent ventrally, rarely invisible;

veins (see interiorly) not anastomosing; raphe

present, covering 4—‘/, of sporocarp base; infe-

rior tooth absent (or present as very shallow

hump); superior tooth present, conical, almost

always acute, straight or with apex slightly

recurved. Fig. 16: 5.

South West Africa/Namibia and Angola. Map 48.

Vouchers: Dinter 614 (B; M; SAM); 7585 (BM; BOL;

FR; K; M; PRE; WIND); Giess & Leippert 7564 (M; NBG;

WIND); Schweickerdt 2080, 2101 (BM; BOL; K; M; NU;

PRE; PRU; WIND).

11. Marsilea schelpeana Launert in Mitt.

Bot. StSamml., Minch. 3: 506, t. 1 (1960); in

Senckenberg. biol. 49: 305, t. 55-57 (1968), as

schelpiana; W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 484, t. 363 (1983). Type: Cape Province,

Korsten near Port Elizabeth, Liversidge s.n.

(BOL 26551, holo.!).

Stipes usually crowded, rarely solitary,

slender, flexible, c. 70-200 mm long. Pinnae

narrowly obdeltoid to obdeltoid-obovate, flanks

slightly convex, outer margins bilobate, cre-

nate, or rarely entire, appressed-pilose at first.

Pedicels arising from very base of stipe or just

above, erect or slightly arching, rather slender,

flexible, c. 20-45 mm long. Sporocarps soli-

tary or crowded, obliquely ovate-oblong to

elliptic in lateral view, narrowly elliptic in dor-

siventral cross-section, not bordered, typically

inclined at an angle of 115—130° with pedicel;

lateral ribs not present in mature sporocarps;

veins (seen interiorly) not anastomosing; raphe

distinct, attached to 4~*/; of sporocarp base;

inferior tooth almost obsolete; superior tooth

distinct, prominent. Fig. 16: 7.

Endemic to Cape Province. Map 48.

Vouchers: Anderson 28 (B; BOL; C; GH; K; M; MO;

a os PRE; S); Johnson 1095 (PRE); Van Jaarsveld 4982

12. Marsilea apposita Launert in Senc-

kenberg. biol. 49: 306, t. 75 (1968); in F.Z.

Pterid.: 65 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 485, t. 364 (1983). Type: Zimbabwe,

Matopo Hills, Gibbs 289 (BM, holo.!; BOL!).

Marsilea capensis sensu Eyles in Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr.

5, 4: 290 (1916). Marsilea macrocarpa var. capensis sensu

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 316, t. 172 fig. 4 (1915).

Stipes obtusely angular, striate, green,

scattered-pilose or glabrous, c. 70-300 mm

long. Pinnae obdeltate, flanks shallowly con-

cave or straight, outer margin rounded, irregu-

larly crenate or crenate-dentate. Pedicels terete,

Slender, wiry, erect or arching, 2 or 3 (or

more), connate at the base, rarely solitary,

usually pilose, 8 mm long. Sporocarps obtusely

rectangular in lateral view, dorsally somewhat

concave, ventrally slightly convex, c. 3-4 x 2-

3,25 X 1,5-2 mm thick, rectangular in dorsi-

ventral cross-section (fully mature sporocarps

‘sometimes almost bean-shaped), with continu-

ous shallow dorso-fronto-ventral furrow; lateral

ribs hardly visible at maturity; raphe distinct,

covering almost entire sporocarp base; inferior

tooth absent (or present as very shallow hump);

superior tooth present, rather short; sori 6-8.

Botswana, Transvaal and Zimbabwe. Map 49.

Voucher: Wager 169 (PRE).

13. Marsilea villifolia Brem. & Oberm.

ex Alston & Schelpe in JS. Afr. Bot. 18: 566,

166 (1952); Launert in Senckenberg. biol. 49:

307, t. 58-59 (1968); in F.Z. Pterid.: 64, t. 18B

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

486, t. 365 (1983). Type: Botswana, pan south

of Kopjes, Van Son s.n. sub TRV 1801 C

(BOL, holo.!; B!; BM!; K!; PRE!).

Marsilea villosa Burch. ex Brem. & Oberm. in Ann.

Transv. Mus. 16: 400 (1935), non Kaulf. (1824).

Stipes very robust, up to 2,5 mm in diame-

ter near base, obtusely angular, striate, 70-200

mm long. Pinnae broadly obdeltate, olive- or

yellowish green, thickly herbaceous, flanks

Slightly concave, outer margin irregularly cre-

nate, very rarely entire. Pedicels very short,

appressed-pilose, up to 4 mm long. Sporocarps

solitary, square to obtusely rectangular in late-

ral view, rectangular in dorsiventral cross-sec-

tion, with or without shallow dorsifrontal fur-

row, densely appressed-pilose, gradually be-

coming glabrous, 5-6 X 4—5 X 1-—1,5 mm

thick; lateral ribs invisible at maturity; lateral

veins (seen interiorly) not anastomosing; raphe

not very distinct, covering 4-4 of sporocarp

base; inferior tooth absent (or present as shal-

low hump); superior tooth not very conspicu-

ous, rather short, broadly conical, obtuse; sori

8—12. Fig. 16: 8.

South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, northern Cape

Province and central Transvaal. Map 49.

Vouchers: Galpin M74 (PRE); Giffen s.n. (BM).

14. Marsilea vera Launert in Mitt. Bot.

StSamml., Minch. 3: 505 (1960); in Sencken-

berg. biol. 49: 308, t. 60-62 (1968); in

F.S.W.A. 11: 4 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 65, t.

18A (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 486, t. 366 (1983). Type: South West

Africa/Namibia, Olukonda, Schinz s.n. (B,

holo.).

Stipes slender, somewhat glabrous, c.

40-200 mm long. Pinnae very densely greyish

villous when young, flanks straight or slightly

convex, outer margin entire, retuse, bilobed,

crenate, irregularly dentate, or rarely deeply bi-

furcate. Pedicels usually downward-growing,

burying sporocarp in the soil, rarely spreading,

usually glabrous, c. 4-10 mm long. Sporocarps

always distinctly pedicelled, deflexed against

pedicel, subrectangular to obliquely broad-el-

liptic in lateral view, elliptic to obtusely rec-

tangular in dorsiventral cross-section, not bor-

dered at maturity, usually without furrow; late-

ral ribs 8-10, not easily visible at maturity;

veins (seen interiorly) not anastomosing; raphe

~ FILICALES

distinct, usually attached to entire sporocarp

base; inferior tooth absent; superior tooth very

Short, broadly conical, always obtuse, dark

brown; sori c. 6-8. Fig. 16: 6.

South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana and Zim-

babwe. Map 50.

Vouchers: Gibbs Russell & Biegel 1378 (BOL;

SRGH); Schweickerdt 2179 (BM; BOL; K; M; NU; PRE;

WIND); 2200 (BM; BOL; K; M; NU; PRE; PRU; WIND);

Van Jaarsveld 2956 (NBG). ©

15. Marsilea capensis A.Br. in Mber. K.

preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1863: 428 (1864);

Launert in Senckenberg. biol. 49: 310, t.

63-64, 76 (1968); in F.Z. Pterid.: 66, t. 18D

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

487, t. 367 (1983). Type: Cape Province,

Drége s.n. (B, lecto.).

MAP 49.—@® Marsilea apposita

@ Marsilea villifolia

MAP 50.—® Marsilea vera

@ Marsilea capensis

FILICALES

-MAP 51.—Marsilea burchellii

Stipes slender, flexible, usually crowded,

c. 70-200 mm long. Pinnae narrowly obdeltate

to obdeltate-obovate, flanks slightly convex.

Pedicels solitary, free, slender, erect or ascend-

ing, c. 4-7 mm long. Sporocarps obliquely

broad-oblong or irregularly rhombic (rarely rec-

tangular or square) in lateral view, often typi-

cally axe-shaped, distally obliquely truncate or

more rarely rounded, narrowly elliptic in dorsi-

ventral cross-section, always unbordered, late-

rally compressed or slightly inflated only, dark

brown to almost black at maturity; lateral ribs

always absent; /ateral veins (seen interiorly) not

anastomosing; raphe distinct, covering */, to en-

tire sporocarp base; inferior tooth absent (or

very rarely present as very shallow hump); su-.

perior tooth distinct, short, conical, acute or

subacute, rarely obtuse, erect or somewhat re-

curved; soric. 8-10.

Widespread in Cape Province; Transkei, Orange Free

State, Transvaal, Zambia and Egypt. Map 50.

Vouchers: Grobbelaar 2042 (PRU); Leistner 1427

(BM; BOL; PRE); Oliver 4404 (STE); Schlechter 10909

(BOL; GRA; P).

16. Marsilea burchellii (Kunze) A. Br. in

Mber. K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1863: 429

(1864); Launert in Senckenberg. biol. 49: 311,

t. 65-66, 77 (1968); in F.S.W.A. 11: 3 (1969);

in F.Z. Pterid.: 66, t. 18C (1970); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 488, t. 368 (1983).

Type: Cape Province, Asbestos Mountains,

Burchell 1625 (B, holo.; K!).

Marsilea quadrifolia var. burchellii Kunze in Linnaea

10: 556 (1836). Zalusianskya burchellii (Kunze) Kuntze,

Rev. Gen. 2: 823 (1891). Marsilea macrocarpa var. bur-

chellii (Kunze) Sim, as (A. Br.) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

319, t. 172 fig. 2 (1915).

Marsilea biloba Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4, 5: 540

(1810). Marsilea macrocarpa var. biloba (Willd.) Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 315, t. 172 fig. 3 (1915). Type: Cape

Province, near Mossel Bay, Meuron s.n., Herb. Willdenow

no. 20257 (B, holo.!).

Stipes rather slender, usually glabrous, c.

5—60 mm long (rarely longer). Pinnae variable,

flanks straight or slightly convex. Pedicels al-

ways free, rather slender, flexible, erect or as-

cending, pilose at first, c. 3-8 mm long. Sporo-

carps usually crowded, very small, c. 1,25—

2,9 X 1,5-—2 X 0,6—1,5 mm thick, subcircu-

lar, pyriform, very rarely obtusely square or

slightly rectangular in lateral view, dorsiventral

cross-section varying from circular to elliptic,

never bordered, densely set with appressed or

spreading hairs (all downward-pointing) when

young; /ateral ribs not apparent at maturity;

raphe present, not very distinct, covering 4-/

of sporocarp base; inferior tooth completely ab-

sent; superior tooth always developed, conical,

short and obtuse or long (up to 0,3 mm) and

acute; sporangia c. 3—5. Fig. 16: 3.

South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, Cape Province

and Orange Free State. Map 51.

Vouchers: Acocks 8797 (BOL; PRE); Comins 820

(BOL; PRE); Leippert 4687 (M; WIND); Schelpe 4552 (B,

BM; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; PRE; S; US); Verdoorn 1320

(K; PRE).

SALVINIACEAE

Floating aquatic plants with slender branched siphonostelic rootless rhizomes. Leaves dimor-

phous, borne in whorls of 3, 2 leaves floating, oblong to orbicular, entire, variously papillate on

aerial surface, the third leaf submerged, finely dissected, hairy and root-like. Sori in thin-walled

-sporocarps borne on dissected submerged leaf; sporangia borne on branched receptacles. Micro-

spores germinating within microsporangium.

66 FILICALES

TOIT

Cort

ozerseam 47

A cores £2

CS 2 rae

LRM Y

XY)

FIG. 17.—1, Azolla filiculoides, part of plant, x 3; la, terminal branch, x 9; 1b, megasporocarp and microsporocarp,

x 30 (from live material). 2, Salvinia molesta, habit, x 2; 2a, papilla from upper surface of floating frond, < 20 (from live

material).

FILICALES 67

SALVINIA

Salvinia Séguier, Fl. Veron. 3: 52 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 67 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in FI.

Madag. 11: 1 (1952); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 50: 17 (1957); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl.

25 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 39 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 55 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 67 (1970). Type species: S. natans (L.) Allioni (= Marsilea natans L.).

Description as for family.

The only genus of the family, comprising about 10 species, mostly in tropical America, but with one indigenous

species in continental Africa and one introduced species, the latter occurring in our area.

Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell in Fern

Gaz. 10: 251 (1972); Jacot Guillarmod in East.

Cape Natur. 62 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 490, t. 28, 369 (1983). Type:

Zimbabwe, Lake Kariba, Ruziruhuru River In-

let, Mitchell 1330 (SRGH, holo.; B; BM; BO;

BOL!; BR; CAL; CHR; EA; GE; GH; K; LISB;

LO; M; MO; NSW; P; PDA; PRE; RH; US;

A putative sterile hybrid possibly introduced from

tropical America and subsequently spreading through cen-

tral Africa: Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe,

Botswana and Southern Africa, as well as Ceylon, Indone-

sia and Australia. Standing, inland waters. Map 52.

Vouchers: Gibbs Russell & Biegel 1341 (BOL;

SRGH); Mitchell 190 (BOL; SRGH); Oliver 651 (PEU);

Smith 1165 (BOL; GAB; SRGH); Van Schoor s.n. (STE).

WAG; Z).

Salvinia auriculata sensu Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 67,

t. 19B (1970).

Rhizome horizontal, up to 1,2 mm in

diameter, set on the under surface with brown

multicellular hairs up to 2 mm long. Floating

fronds in pairs, emarginate, base cordate, flat in

weak specimens, folded along midrib in vigo-

rous specimens, up to 25 X 24 mm; upper sur-

face with dense multicellular papillae c. 2 mm

high, with 4 separate curved segments adjoin-

ing apically to form an open basket structure;

under surface thinly beset with pale multicellu-

lar hairs up to 1 mm long. Submerged fronds

much dissected, up to 120 mm long, lobes with

dense brown multicellular hairs up to 2 mm

long. Sporocarps spherical, hairy, up to 33 ar-

ranged in rows along one lobe of dissected sub-

merged frond. Fig. 17: 2.

MAP 52.—Salvinia molesta

AZOLLACEAE

Floating aquatic plants with slender pinnately branched siphonostelic rhizomes and with roots

borne singly or in fascicles. Leaves alternate, imbricate, 2-lobed, with an aerial chlorophyllous

lobe and a thin colourless submerged lobe. Sori in thin-walled sporocarps borne on the basal leaf of

a branch, heterosporous; megasporocarp with a single megaspore surmounted by apical massulae;

microsporocarp with numerous microsporangia, microspores germinating in a massula derived

from microsporangial contents. Female gametophyte submerged.

AZOLLA

Azolla Lam., in Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 343 (1783); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 67 (1908); Tardieu-

Blot in Fl. Madag. 11: 2 (1952); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 50: 19 (1957); Alston in F.W.T.A.

edn 2, Suppl. 27 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 41 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 55 (1964);

Launert in F.S.W.A. 12: 1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 69 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin

L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 36 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 57 (1977). Type species: A.

filiculoides Lam.

Description as for family.

FILICALES

The only genus of the family, comprising 5 species, 2 of which are indigenous to continental Africa, one of them to our

area. Another has been introduced and is spreading as a weed on dams.

Megaspores surmounted by 3 massulae; massulae of microspores armed all round with rigid glochidia with

ANCHOT“SHAPEO LIDS G45 2G cce sare penn Bee mapeeq ere’!

By A Ee cee earl evocation vediten eae al ke seed 2.A. filiculoides

Megaspores surmounted by numerous massulae; massulae of microspores with few or no outgrowths ........... 1. A. pinnata

1. Azolla pinnata R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov.

Holl. 167 (1810); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

312, t. 172 fig. 1 (1915); Schelpe in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 57 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 493, t. 371 (1983) Type: Australia,

near Port Jackson, Brown s.n. (BM, holo.—

BOL, photo.!).

Azolla africana Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn., Paris 6, 2:

178 (1827). Azolla pinnata var. africana (Desv.) Bak.,

Fern Allies 138 (1887); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 14

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 69 (1970). Type: Senegal, Desvaux

s.n., Herb. Lavallée (P, holo.!).

Rhizome horizontal, minutely papillate,

up to 20 X 0,2 mm; roots in fascicles of 2-3,

hairy, up to 35 mm long with long conspicuous

root-cap. Upper leaf lobe ovate to broadly ellip-

tic, up to 1,1 mm long, papillate chlorophyllous

central portion surrounded by hyaline border;

lower leaf lobe similar in size but hyaline. Me-

gasporocarps with prominent dark apex and

containing a single granular megaspore sur-

mounted by numerous massulae. Microsporo-

carps borne singly or subtended by a megaspo-

rocarp, only partly covered by a hyaline lower

leaflet, spherical, with minute dark apex and

containing numerous long-stalked microspo-

rangia; massulae with few or no weak out-

growths.

Widespread in tropical Africa as far south as South

West Africa/Namibia, Botswana and Natal. Pools and back-

waters of rivers, between 3 and 50 m altitude. Map 53.

Vouchers: Wager s.n. (BM; BOL;); Ward 2473 (BM;

NPB; NU).

2. Azolla filiculoides Lam., Encycl. 1:

343 (1783); Jacot Guillarmod in East. Cape Na-

tur. 63 (1978); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 494, t. 373 (1983). Type: South America,

Tierra del Fuego, Straits of Magellan, Commer-

son s.n. (P, holo.).

Very closely related to Azolla pinnata

from which it differs as follows: Roots borne

singly. Megaspores surmounted by 3 massulae.

Microspore massulae armed all round with ri-

gid glochidia with anchor-shaped tips. Fig. 17:

Orange Free State and Cape Province, especially along

the Orange River. In artificial dams and reservoirs, c. 1 000

m. (See also Ashton & Walmsley, 1976). Map 53.

Vouchers: Ashton 1311 (BOL; PRE); Edwards 4198

‘(BOL

MAP 53.—* Azolla pinnata

A Azolla filiculoides

CYATHEACEAE

Arborescent plants with an erect caudex (trunk) made up of a dictyostelic axis enveloped by

numerous short adventitious roots and old stipe bases; scales produced apically and on stipe bases.

Fronds usually large, borne at apex of caudex, deeply 2-pinnatifid to 3-pinnate or 4-pinnatifid,

membranous to coriaceous, under surface glabrous to villous or tomentose; veins free. Sori superfi-

cial on veins; receptacle elongated or hemispherical; sporangia developing mostly in basipetal

succession, short-stalked, dehiscing horizontally; annulus complete, oblique; indusium basal, cup-

shaped, 1-sided or absent. Gametophyte thick, cordate.

FILICALES 69

CYATHEA

Cyathea J. E. Sm. in Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 416 (1793); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 7

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 4: 2 (1951); Alston in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 49 (1953);

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 50 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 65 (1964); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 70

(1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8,3 Pterid.: 13 (1973); Holttum in Kew

Bull. 36: 463-482 (1981). Lectotype species: C. arborea (L.) J.E. Sm. ( = Polypodium arboreum

L.).

Alsophila R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 158 (1810).

Hemitelia R. Br., loc. cit. (1810).

Description as for family.

A genus of over 800 species throughout the tropics and the southern temperate regions. Species with asymmetric

indusia were previously referred to the genus Hemitelia.

Aphlebia (basal pinnae with filiform segments) absent; ultimate pinnule segments entire to subentire and set with

hair-like costal scales below ..............scecccccceeseeesccess

MiSs cin tance I ANGy OIA Rang gta aia aia' ania 1. C. dregei

Aphlebia present; ultimate pinnule segments sharply dentate and set with pale bullate costal scales below

COCO COOH OHO OHO OHH OHO HEHEHE H OHH HHH OHHH HOH ECHO HE HOH OHHH HHH HHH EHH HOHE HOE

1. Cyathea dregei Kunze in Linnaea 10:

551 (1836); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 82, t. 6

(1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 74, t. 21E

(1970). Type: Transkei, between the Umzim-

vubu and Umsicaba Rivers, Drége s.n. (LZ,

holo.t; BM!; K!; L-BOL, photo.!; P!).

Alsophila dregei (Kunze) Tryon in Contr. Gray Herb.

Harv. 200: 30 (1970); Schelpe in C.F.A. Pterid.: 60 (1977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 201, t. 21, 29, 141

(1983).

Cyathea burkei Hook., Sp. Fil. 1: 23, t. 17B (1844).

Ls Transvaal, Magaliesberg, Burke 150 (K, holo.!;

').

Caudex stout, up to 0,45 m in diameter

and 5 m tall. Fronds arching, thinly to thickly

coriaceous; stipe brown, variously tuberculate,

c. 0,15 m long, set with numerous subulate,

castaneous, minutely lacerate scales up to 53

mm long around stipe base; lamina 3-pinnate,

elliptic in outline, up to 3 X 0,7 m, lowest

pinnae reduced; pinnae narrowly oblong, acute,

up to 0,56 X 0,19 m, pinnate into linear to very

narrowly oblong, acute to attenuate, pinnate

pinnules; pinnule lobes very narrowly oblong,

somewhat falcate, acute, subentire to crenate,

upper surface glabrous, under surface subgla-

brous to densely tomentose; rhachis pale

brown, smooth. Sori up to 12 per pinnule lobe,

c. 1 mm in diameter; indusium shallowly to

deeply cupuliform. Fig. 18.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Streambanks in

grassland and on forest margins, 900-1 800 m. Map 54.

ier chael heen Ee ves ul pillae shaabi Saves 2. C. capensis

Vouchers: Baur 161 (GRA; K; SAM); Fisher 878

(NH; NU; PRE); McLea s.n. (BOL; GRA; K; SAM); Ruda-

tis 790 (BM; K; PRE); Schlechter 4460 (BM; BOL; K;

PRE).

Specimens from north of our area often have smaller

indusia than the typical Southern African and other forms.

The juvenile foliage of C. dregei resembles the mature

foliage of C. capensis (L.f.) J.E. Sm. in that the ultimate

segments are conspicuously dentate.

2. Cyathea capensis (L. f.) J.E. Sm. in

Mém. Acad. Turin 5: 417 (1793); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 74, t. 21D (1970). Type: Cape of

eee Hope, Sparrmann s.n. (LINN 1251/61,

olo.!).

Polypodium capense L. f., Suppl. 445 (1781). Aspidium

capense (L. f.) Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 42 (1801).

Hemitelia capensis (L. f.) Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 253 (1824);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 85, t. 7 (1915). Alsophila capen-

sis (L. f.) J. Sm. in J. Bot., Lond. 1: 666 (1842); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 202, t. 142 (1983). Polystichum

capense (L. f.) J. Sm. in Bot. Mag. 72, Compend. 35

(1846). Cormophyllum capense (L. f.) Newm. in Phytolog-

ist 5: 238 (1854). Amphicosmia capensis (L. f.) Klotzsch in

Allg. Gartenzeit. 1856: 107 (1856).

Trichomanes incisum Thunb., Prodr. 173 (1800). Type:

Cape Province, Grootvadersbosch, Thunberg s.n. (UPS,

holo.!).

Cyathea riparia Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4, 5: 493

(1810). Hemitelia riparia (Willd.) Desv. in Mém. Soc.

Linn., Paris 6: 322 (1827). Amphicosmia riparia (Willd.)

Gardn. in J. Bot., Lond. 1: 441, t. 12 (1842). Type: Cape

Province, Meuron s.n., Herb. Willdenow No. 20172 (B,

holo.!).

Trichomanes cormophyllum Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 266

(1824). Type: Cape of Good Hope.

i FILICALES

a4 /) oS

“ [ie lt J ;

ee * Ps oa) j

: “a8 4 : A : 2 i\ Ar SN oe

NX Ai ia / 4 y TBAE: pe Ae

: EZ. uN . j x ae. aS ;

ll N' \ ‘ 1 ff AK 5 x Bt ae

LOU OT: 4 L/ i

j ]

si s lar

xtra ite,

LIN PS

AK ely >

ey Sas Re, \, a Ng RES — => t

7 2 da VeNs fs D (E(e se NY Ai 2 ARS

YES ERENE ENE: S

U8 oe an ‘ Ss ‘

LSE g 5 SG S

ZEELTL Hg he 1A,

of ‘ it

fi %,

Ong a

iis y fork WIE SS coigtipn = Ci 5

Ay if Z y Ly ¢

Lh bd as \aa n

CHASTE hal des {i

(11 eB aEBRNS

\ Ta a RUNING

cases

Q | . : , \ Cee * ’ . ~

3) a b del \ i WARS

lof Fo AEDS} e) Y

= MA

SPR NN al ah:

FIG. 18.—1, Cyathea dregei, pinna, < 0,6; la, stipe base, x 0,6 (Schelpe 6263).

FILICALES Th

MAP 54.—Cyathea dregei MAP 55.—Cyathea capensis

Caudex slender, c. 0,1 m in diameter and pale to dark brown, smooth, glabrous. Sori 12

up to 4,5 m high. Fronds arching, herbaceous; at base of each pinnule segment, c. 1 mm in

stipe pale brown ventrally, dark purplish brown diameter, with paraphyses, indusium asymme-

dorsally, sparsely set when young with nar- tric. Fig. 19.

rowly lanceolate, castaneous scales c. 10 mm

long with paler lacerate margins; lamina ellip- South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Natal, Swa-

tic, deeply 3-pinnatifid, up to 2 X 0,8 m; pin- ziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi and

nae oblong. attenuate. up to 0.46 X 0.16 m. _Fanzania. Also Brazil (Holttum, 1981). Shaded, moist,

ns» ED i k > forested ravines, 1 370-1 800 m. Map 55.

pinnate into very narrowly oblong, attenuate,

deeply pinnatifid pinnules; pinnule segments

Vouchers: Cooper 1417 (BM; K; NH; PRE); Enslin &

dentate, narrowly oblong, somewhat falcate, ¢ iweickerds sn, (BM: NU; PRU; STE); Fisher 792 (NH:

acute, upper surface glabrous, under surface set NU; PRE); Schelpe 4374 (BM; BOL); Thode A63 (K; NH:

with pale bullate scales along costules; rhachis PRE).

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Small delicate epiphytic or terrestrial herbs with slender, creeping or erect, protostelic rhi-

zomes. Fronds simple or variously divided; lamina 1 cell thick, without stomata; veins free or

joining a submarginal vein; false veins, unconnected with vascular system of lamina, sometimes

present. Sori marginal with sporangia borne in basipetal succession on an elongated receptacle

within a tubular, obconic or bivalved indusium; annulus complete, oblique. Prothallus filamentous

or thalloid and narrow.

Copeland (1938, 1947) divided the Hymenophyllaceae into 33 genera, most of which present-day authors prefer to

treat as subgenera of Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes (Crabbe et al., 1975; Tryon & Tryon, 1982).

Indusium tubular to obconic with 2 small lobes at apex; receptacle often elongated beyond sorus; rhizome usually

thickly set WiteDete ROTO WE NGI iged Sica ns dS ARES ee vs ch picks cn'v abbas haenghag pRBIeReeTTAS 1. Trichomanes

Indusium of 2 separate valves, sometimes with a small obconic base; receptacle shorter than valves; rhizome sub-

SEAT OU f0- tag uth testa een aerate k Paras Ace adie aed hes Esha ibis Khan bon adh aa’ ba bieaer 2. Hymenophyllum

1. TRICHOMANES

Trichomanes L., Sp. Pl. 1097 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 485 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 3

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 3: 16 (1951); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 39 (1953); Alston

in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 29 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon. 8: 58 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 77

(1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 75 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3

Pterid.: 40 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 62 (1977). Lectotype species: T. crispum L.

FILICALES

A! Nile,

SSS SSRN Won

PERIL yn

0 NOR

—_

SESAPIAYALLEE

UNS Ay <2

Pee PIN Yee ,

wy NY RR

sOPMAA NONE me Ez, te Stes

ea DULLED PZ. Nie,

me DOOD Nee

sp A Ken fe

_ somapopppnsp Oy oP le,

LOO

open “a

yt Nan iN

al Z

NK Xe Ke Wee,

TT es Si en oe

aia by oo ~_ Ry,

OEP PERE Sag 2 |

a aN

2 i ANY

AS lie

ra ae Le “4.

ae ie few *

ee) Wes aie \N

ea ae \S shi

ae ae RINE

a or

Sy ‘\

aN TAPS Ahh,

cH ) Ly la

ah y

is VK

FILICALES Je

Rhizome filiform, widely creeping or erect, densely set with black or brown hairs, or shorter

and thicker (1-3 mm thick). Fronds simple, or up to 4-pinnatifid, glabrous or subglabrous or with

marginal hairs; veins free or connected to a submarginal vein; false veins sometimes present. Sori

marginal, turbinate to obconic, with 2 rounded apical lobes; filamentous receptacle often exserted

beyond sorus.

A genus composed of more than 250 species, chiefly tropical, worldwide.

la Fronds simple or lobed less than halfway to midrib:

2a Marginal vein absent; margin of young fronds with stiff brown hairs ...............cccccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeees 1. T. reptans

2b Marginal vein present; frond margin without hairs .......

1b Fronds 2-pinnatifid to 4-pinnatifid:

ed Leman voce ieee treacle a inag tiene 2. T. erosum var. aerugineum

3a Rhizome stout,.2—3 mm im diameter; dronds 3- to 4-pinmatifid ... cscs... eco ece cose cent ene gett decsaeedigeeevees 3. T. rigidum

3b Rhizome filiform; fronds 2- to 3-pinnatifid:

4a Rhizome set with black hairs; sorus conical, almost as deep as broad........... 4. T. pyxidiferum var. melanotrichum

4b Rhizome set with brown hairs; sorus turbinate, about twice as deep as broad.................ceeeee ees 5. T. borbonicum

1. Trichomanes reptans Swartz, Prodr.

Veg. Ind. Occ. 136 (1788); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 186, t. 126 (1983). Type: Ja-

maica (?S, holo.; BM, iso.!).

Trichomanes robinsonii Hook. ex Bak. in J. Linn. Soc.,

Bot. 9: 339, t. 8B (1867). Didymoglossum robinsonii

(Hook. ex Bak.) Copel. in Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 77, t. 31 figs

7, 8 (1938). Syntypes: Natal, Robinson s.n. (K!), Sander-

sons.n. (K!).

Trichomanes montanum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

Tdyt. 2 fie» 11915);

Rhizome set with dark brown hairs.

Fronds borne 3-10 mm apart; stipe very short,

set with dark brown hairs; Jamina ovate to ob-

long, up to 30 X 13 mm, pinnatifid, groups of

dark brown hairs borne at intervals along mar-

gins of young fronds; submarginal vein absent.

Sori borne at apices of fronds, turbinate, c. 3

MAP 56.—Trichomanes reptans

mm deep X 1 mm in diameter, only winged by

lamina basally, valves entire, rounded. Fig. 20:

Transkei, Natal and Transvaal, as well as Madagascar

and South America. A lithophyte or low-level epiphyte

from sea level to 1 500 m. Map 56.

Vouchers: Enslin & Schweickerdt s.n. (NU; PRU;

STE); Fisher 856 (BM; BOL; NH; NU; PRU); Schelpe

1699 (BOL; NH; NU); 5043 (B; BM; BOL; GH; K; M; P;

PRE; S; US).

2. Trichomanes erosum Willd. in L., Sp.

Pl. edn 4, 5: 501 (1810); Schelpe in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 76, t. 22B (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 62

(1977). Type: West Africa, Oware and Benin,

beet s.n., Herb. Willdenow no. 20189 (B,

olo.!).

The typical variety does not occur in

Southern Africa.

Var. aerugineum (Van den _ Bosch)

Bonap., Not. Ptérid.: 13: 165 (1929); Schelpe

in F.Z. Pterid.: 76 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 188, t. 127 (1983). Type: Fer-

nando Po, Barter s.n., Herb. Hooker (K,

holo.!).

Trichomanes aerugineum Van den Bosch in Ned. Kruid.

Archf., ser. 1, 5, 3: 201 (1863).

Trichomanes erosum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 72,

t. 2 fig. 3 (1915).

Rhizome set with dark brown _ hairs.

Fronds borne 0,5—1 mm apart; stipe short, bear-

ing dark brown hairs when young; lamina linear

to ovate-oblong, variously pinnatifid, up to 20

FIG. 19.—1, Cyathea capensis, terminal portion of frond, x 0,6; la, aphlebium, x 0,6; 1b, detail of lower surface of

ultimate segments, x 6 (Hemm 401).

FILICALES

MAP 57.—* Trichomanes erosum var. aerugineum

@ Trichomanes rigidum

€3 Trichomanes erosum and Trichomanes

rigidum

x 10 mm, with occasional brown hairs on cos-

tae of young fronds; submarginal vein present.

Sori borne in upper half of frond, c. 1 mm deep

and 0,4 mm in diameter, with rounded entire

valves and winged by lamina throughout its

length. Fig. 20: 8.

Restricted and rare in Natal; Mozambique, Zaire,

Uganda, Tanzania, Cameroun, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra

Leone and Fernando Po. On deeply shaded boulder faces in

forest, 1 500—1 600 m. Map 57.

Vouchers: Medley Wood 11947 (BOL; NBG; NH;

PRE); 11948 (K).

3. Trichomanes rigidum Swartz, Prodr.

Veg. Ind. Occ. 137 (1788); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 68, t. 1 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.:

78, t. 22A (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 64 (1977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 190, t. 130

(1983). Type: Jamaica (S, holo.!; LD!; UPS!).

Selenodesmium rigidum (Swartz) Copel. in Philipp. J.

Sci. 67: 81 (1938).

Trichomanes dregei Van den Bosch in Ned. Kruid.

Archf. 4: 372 (1859). Type: Transkei, Lusikisiki, Drége

s.n. (?P/PR, holo.; BM!).

Rhizome shortly creeping to suberect, c. 3

mm in diameter, set with dark brown hairs.

Fronds tufted; stipe grey-brown when dried, up

to 160 mm long, set with a few dark brown

hairs basally; lamina 3- to 4-pinnatifid, nar-

rowly ovate or lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate;

pinnae 2- to 3-pinnatifid into numerous acute to

rounded lobes c. 0,2 mm broad; rhachis nar-

rowly winged. Sori borne near costae of pinnae,

turbinate with rounded entire valves, c. 1,5 X

0,6 mm, often with a long persistent receptacle.

Fig. 20: 7,

Transkei, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe and

Mozambique; widespread in tropical Africa and America.

Shaded streambanks in forest, 1 370-1 890 m. Map 57.

Vouchers: McLea s.n. (BOL; K; SAM); Medley Wood

s.n. (BOL; NH; PRE; SAM); 11948 (BOL; PRE; SAM);

Rudatis 932 (BM; K; 8; STE); Ward 950 (NU; PRU).

4. Trichomanes pyxidiferum L., Sp. PI.

2: 1098 (1753). Iconotype: Plumier, Foug.

Amer. 74, t. 50E (1705)!, from San Domingo.

The typical variety does not occur in

Southern Africa.

Var. melanotrichum (Schlechtd.) Schelpe

in JIS. Afr. Bot. 30: 181 (1964); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 78, t. 22C (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 63

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

188, t. 128 (1983). Type: Cape Province, Plet-

tenberg Bay, Mund & Maire s.n. (HAL, holo. !;

B; P).

Trichomanes melanotrichum Schlechtd., Adumbr. 56

(1832); Kunze in Linnaea 10: 553 (1836). Vandenboschia

melanotricha (Schlechtd.) Pichi-Sermolli in Webbia 12:

127th C955).

Trichomanes pyxidiferum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

69, t. 3 fig. 3 (1915).

Rhizome set with black hairs. Fronds

borne up to 30 mm apart; stipe narrowly winged

in upper half, up to 25 mm long; lamina nar-

rowly oblong to lanceolate or narrowly ovate,

up to 70 X 25 mm, 2- to 3-pinnatifid; pinnae

pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid into rounded entire

FIG. 20.—1, Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, frond, x 0,6; la, detail of part of frond, x 2,4 (Taylor 1235). 2, H.

peltatum, frond, Xx 0,6; 2a, detail of part of frond, x 1,8 (Esterhuysen 18547). 3, H. capense, frond, x 0,6; 3a, detail of

part of frond, x 2,4 (Esterhuysen 2820). 4, H. marlothii, frond, x 0,6; 4a, detail of part of frond, x 2,4 (Esterhuysen

25367). 5, H. polyanthos var. kuhnii, frond, x 0,6; 5a, detail of part of frond, x 3 (Schelpe 5541). 6, H. capillare, frond,

x 0,6; 6a, detail of part of frond, x 2,4 (Phipps 1265). 7, Trichomanes rigidum, frond, x 0,6; 7a, detail of part of frond,

x 1,8 (Drummond 4951). 8, T. erosum var. aerugineum, frond, x 0,6; 8a, detail of part of frond, x 1,8 (Chase 6598). 9,

T. borbonicum, frond, Xx 0,6; 9a, detail of part of frond, X 1,8 (Schelpe 6186). 10, T. pyxidiferum var. melanotrichum,

frond, X 0,6; 10a, detail of part of frond, x 1,8 (Schelpe 6246). 11, T. reptans, frond, x 0,6; 11a, detail of part of frond,

x 1,8 (Schelpe 6250).

MAP 58.—vx* Trichomanes pyxidiferum var. melano-

trichum

€ Trichomanes pyxidiferum and Tricho-

manes borbonicum

lobes c. 0,7 mm broad, pinnae dark green when

fresh but the lobes folded longitudinally on dry-

ing. Sori conical, very narrowly winged by

lamina for part of its length, c. 1,5 < 1 mm,

with entire rounded lobes. Fig. 20: 10.

South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Natal,

Orange Free State, Swaziland and Transvaal; Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda,

Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Madagascar. A lithophyte and

low-level epiphyte in forest, 1 450-2 160 m. Map 58.

FILICALES

Vouchers: Burrows 1437 (BOL; NBG); Medley Wood

11954 (NH; PRE; SAM); Schelpe 5044 (B; BM; BOL; GH;'

K; M; MO; P; PRE; S; US); Schlechter 6976 (GRA; PRE);

Van Jaarsveld 6079 (BOL; NBG; PRE).

5. Trichomanes borbonicum Van den

Bosch in Ned. Kruid. Archf., ser. 1, 5, 2: 158

(1861); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 76, t. 22D

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

189, t. 129 (1983). Type: Réunion, Boivin 908

(B, lecto.!; P!).

Rhizome set with brown hairs. Fronds

10-40 mm apart; stipe filiform, narrowly

winged in upper half; Jamina oblong-lanceolate

to narrowly elliptic, up to 100 X 35 mm; pinnae

bilaterally pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid into up to

12 linear rounded lobes c. 0,8 mm broad; rha-

chis winged. Sori usually borne in upper half of

frond, cylindric to turbinate, winged by lamina

for its whole length, c. 2 mm deep and c. 0,6

mm in diameter, with entire rounded valves and

oar prominent filiform receptacle. Fig.

ae 7

Rare in Natal, Swaziland and Transvaal; Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Cameroun, Ghana,

Fernando Po, Sao Tomé, Madagascar and Mascarene Is-

lands. On moist shaded boulder faces in forest,

1 500-1 900 m. Map 58.

Vouchers: Burrows 1361 (BOL; NBG); Schelpe 6186

(BM; BOL; K); Wager N.22 (PRE).

2. HYMENOPHYLLUM

Hymenophyllum J.E. Sm. in Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 418, t. 9, 8 (1793); Engl., Pflan-

zenw. Afr. 2: 5 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 3: 2 (1951); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 34

(1953); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 31 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 55 (1964); in

Fl. Camer. 3: 72 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 78 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw.

& Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 42 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 64 (1977). Lectotype species: H. tunbrid-

gense (L.) J.E. Sm. (= Trichomanes tunbridgense L.).

Rhizome filiform, widely creeping, subglabrous. Fronds pinnately divided to 3-pinnatifid, or

flabellate, glabrous or set with stellate hairs, segments entire or serrate; veins free. Sori with 2

indusial valves enclosing receptacle.

The genus Hymenophyllum, as construed here, comprises some 300 species and is largely confined to the tropics and

the temperate and subantarctic zones of the Southern Hemisphere.

la Fronds with stellate hairs:

ZA PVORMS HOM tO CDOS TNACIIS WINGED ...40.c55:c050 jes necsveceees ee sonsdon'sscoateneth¥eternncedeeseensdslewanaan dtl 1. H. marlothii

Ze FROMEG Tiedt COONS, TGCS MOU WINGEG sacs. cccsne ners cn sr seges ogcsadegens uphines toanainsupenes ce veduinan.esis 2. H. capillare

lb Fronds glabrous:

3a Ultimate segments of frond dentate:

4a Pinnae unilaterally divided on acroscopic side only; indusial lobes entire to erose ...............0eeeeeeee 3. H. peltatum

4b Pinnae divided on both sides; indusial lobes dentate................:ccccececseccceceeaseeusacueueasess 4. H. tunbridgense

3b Ultimate segments of frond entire:

22 ASA NAR WIL OW OL TANS MOMOE or yng 4s 5 G00 co «10a Pa nde arsisidow lies dun pelea CoRR aE gdhod 5. H. capense

SO Basal Pinmae wat more Man LO OBES; ....csa sien vovernnsiess taronans cvvenanlem coun sacvteastelenn 6. H. polyanthos var. kuhnii

FILICALES

1. Hymenophyllum marlothii Brause in

Feddes Repert. 11: 112 (1912); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edi,2; 765.4. 4 figs ) G915); W) BiG.

Jacobson, Ferns Sthn Afr. 192, t. 132 (1983).

Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Table

Mountain, Skeleton Gorge, Marloth 5169 (B,

holo.!; PRE!).

Rhizome creeping. Fronds borne 2-50

mm apart; stipe filiform, 8-52 mm long, not

winged, set with stellate hairs; lamina deltoid-

lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, up to 80 X 26

mm; pinnae pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid into up to

13 linear entire rounded lobes c. 1,5 mm broad

and up to 7 mm long, set with stalked stellate

hairs on margins and veins; rhachis winged.

Sori borne at apices of lobes in upper part of

frond, small, shallow, indusial valves 0,5 mm

broad, set with stellate hairs. Fig. 20: 4.

Endemic to south-western and southern Cape Pro-

vince. Locally common on the Cape Peninsula on wet over-

hanging rock faces, usually in the shade of gully forest.

Also on decaying fallen tree trunks in wet forest. Map 59.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 7081 (BOL; K; NBG; PRE);

12538 (BOL; NBG; PRE); Schelpe 4697 (B; BOL; GH; K;

M; MO; P; PRE; S; SRGH; US).

2. Hymenophyllum capillare Desyv. in

Mém. Soc. Linn., Paris 6, 2: 333 (1827);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 80, t. 22H (1970); W.

B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 195, t. 135

(1983). Type: ? Mascarene Islands (P, holo.).

Sphaerocionium capillare (Desv.) Copel., Philipp. J.

Sci. 67: 33 (1938).

Hymenophyllum lineare sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn

2: 78, t. 5 fig. 2 (1915).

MAP 59.—* Hymenophyllum marlothii

@ Hymenophyllum capillare

Rhizome creeping. Fronds borne 40-50

mm apart; stipe filiform, 10-35 mm long, not

winged but set with stellate hairs; /amina linear,

up to 150 X 23 mm; pinnae pinnatifid (with

frequent bilobing of acroscopic basal segment)

into up to 7 linear, entire, broadly acute to

rounded, lobes, 9 X 1,5 mm, set with stalked

stellate hairs on margins and veins; rhachis not

winged, set with stellate hairs. Sori borne at

apices of lobes, obconic, 1—-1,2 mm in diame-

ter, with rounded indusial valves set with stel-

late hairs. Fig. 20: 6.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Kenya, Uganda,

Tanzania, Cameroun, Ghana, Zaire, Madagascar, Réunion

and Comoro Islands. Sheltered rock faces in forest,

1 700-2 140 m. Map. 59.

Vouchers: Hardcastle 96 (PRE); Roux 385 (NBG);

Van der Schijff 4301 (BM; BOL; NU; PRU).

3. Hymenophyllum peltatum (Poir.)

Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn., Paris 6, 2: 333

(1827); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

195, t. 136 (1983). Type: Mauritius, Bory s.n.

(P, holo.).

Trichomanes peltatum Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 8: 76

(1808).

Hymenophyllum meyeri Presl, Hymenophyll.: 31, 50

(1843). Type: Cape Province, Worcester, Du Toits Kloof,

Drége b pro parte (?PR; holo.; BM!; S!).

Hymenophyllum uncinatum Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 81,

t. 5 fig. 1 (1915). Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula,

‘Table Mountain, Kassner 1007 (PRE, holo.!).

Rhizome creeping. Fronds borne 5-50

mm apart; stipe filiform, narrowly winged for

art of its length; Jamina narrowly oblong to

inear with lowest pinnae usually reduced,

10-180 mm long and up to 15 mm broad; pin-

nae glabrous, bifid to unilaterally pinnatifid on

acroscopic side forming up to 6 linear-oblong

serrate lobes up to 1,5 mm broad with rounded

apices; rhachis narrowly winged. Sori usually

on basal acroscopic segments of pinnae, with.

ovate rounded entire indusial valves c. 1,5 mm.

broad, lamina around sorus reduced or absent.

Fig. 20: 2.

Cape Province; rare in Natal, Orange Free State. Also

found in Uganda and on Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion,

Marion Island, Gough Island, Tristan da Cunha, Azores and

Madeira; Norway, France, the British Isles, Chile, Falkland

Islands, Patagonia, south-western Australia, Tasmania and

New Zealand. Bases of cliffs and rocky recesses, usually

south aspect, 200-3 200 m. Map 60.

Vouchers: Andreae 1353 (PRE); Esterhuysen 25882

(BM; BOL).

MAP 60.—Hymenophyllum peltatum

4. Hymenophyllum tunbridgense (L.)

J.E. Sm. in Sowerby, English Bot. 3: t. 162

(1794); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 79, t. 3 fig. 1

(1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 80, t. 22E

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

194, t. 134 (1983). Type: England, Tunbridge,

Herb. Banks (LINN 1253/5, holo.!).

Trichomanes tunbridgense L., Sp. P1. 2: 1098 (1753), as

tunbrigense.

Hymenophyllum dregeanum Presl, Hymenophyll.: 32, 52

(1844), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3:

124, 144 (1845). Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula,

Table Mountain, Drége a pro parte (?PR, holo.; L-BOL,

photo. !).

Rhizome creeping. Fronds borne up to 70

mm apart; stipe filiform, narrowly winged in

upper part; /Jamina lanceolate, narrowly oblong

or narrowly elliptic, up to 100 X 30 mm; pin-

nae bilaterally pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid into up

to 25 linear serrate rounded lobes c. 1 mm

MAP 61.—Hymenophyllum tunbridgense

FILICALES

broad; rhachis narrowly winged. Seri usually

borne on lowest acroscopic pinnules, with ovate

serrate indusial valves c. 1,1 mm broad, base of

sorus not winged by lamina lobes. Fig. 20: 1.

Cape Province, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, central Madagas-

car, Madeira, as well as western and southern Europe. Also

Gabon (Tardieu-Blot, 1953). Sheltered rock faces,

1 700-2 440 m. Map 61.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 14448 (BOL; K; NBG; PRE);

21529 (BOL, NBG); Rodin 3223 (BOL; K; PRE; S); Ruda-

tis 1357 (BM; K; PRE); Schelpe 4698 (B; BOL; GH; K; M;

MO; P; PRE; S; SRGH; US).

5. Hymenophyllum capense Schrad. in

Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 919 (1818); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 79 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 193, t.20, 133 (1983). Type:

Cape of Good Hope, Hesse s.n. (LE, holo.!—

BOL, photo.!).

Hymenophyllum thunbergii Eckl. ex Presl, Hymeno-

phyll.: 32 (1843), nom. nud. Type from Cape of Good

Hope (LE!).

Hymenophyllum natalense Van den Bosch in Ned.

Kruid. Archf. 4: 386 (1859). Syntypes: Port Natal, Guein-

zius (K!); Kleyn River, Zeyher (K!); Genadenthal, Breutel

(K!).

Hymenophyllum zeyheri Van den Bosch, |.c. 388 (1859).

Type: South Africa, Zeyher s.n. (K, holo.!).

Hymenophyllum tabulare Van den Bosch, l.c. 397

(1859). Syntypes: Cape Province, Tafelberg, Duivelsberg,

Hollandsberg, Ecklon (K!), Zeyher (K!; P-BOL, photo.!)

and Drége (K!).

Hymenophyllum fumarioides sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 74, t. 3 fig. 2 (1915).

Rhizome creeping. Fronds borne 5-70

mm apart; stipe filiform, narrowly winged for

part of its length, up to 50 mm long; lamina

usually 2—pinnatifid, lanceolate to narrowly ob-

long, lowest pinnae often reduced, up to 100 x

16 mm; pinnae entire, up to 10 mm long, bifur-

cate to pinnatifid into 3-7 entire closely spaced

lobes up to 1,5 mm broad with rounded apices.

Sori borne on acroscopic segments anywhere in

upper half of frond, broadly obconic with

rounded entire indusial valves 2 mm broad and

with lamina segments usually dilated around

sorus. Fig. 20: 3.

Cape Province; less frequent in Natal and eastern and

northern Transvaal, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania and

Madagascar. Lithophytic in sheltered rock crevices,

1 500-1 800 m. Map 62.

Vouchers: Bolus 1381 (BM; BOL; K; SAM); Mac-

Owan 1450 (BM; BOL; K; SAM); Schelpe 1655 (BOL;

NH; NU); 4699 (B; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE; S; US);

Sim s.n. (GRA; NH; PRE).

FILICALES

MAP 62.—Hymenophyllum capense

6. Hymenophyllum polyanthos Swartz in

J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2:102 (1801). Type:

Jamaica (B!, LD!, UPS!, ? isotypes).

The typical variety does not occur in

Southern Africa. Var. mossambicense Schelpe

is known from Zimbabwe, Mozambique and

Malawi. Only one variety occurs in Southern

Africa:

Var. kuhnii (C. Chr.) Schelpe in Bolm.

Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 40:156 (1966); in F.Z.

Pterid.: 80 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 197, t. 137 (1983). Type: Tanzania,

Kilimanjaro, Meyer 310 (B, holo.!).

Hymenophyllum kuhnii C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 363 (1905).

Mecodium kuhnii (C. Chr.) Copel. in Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 19

(1938).

Rhizome filiform. Fronds borne up to

10-100 mm apart; stipe filiform, up to 50 mm

MAP 63.—Hymenophyllum polyanthos var. kuhnii

long, narrowly winged at least in upper half;

lamina usually oblong to elliptic in large plants,

up to 450 X 45 mm; pinnae up to 50 X 13 mm,

pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid into up to 180 linear,

entire, rounded lobes each up toc. | X 2,5 mm;

ultimate lobes set close together or overlapping;

rhachis narrowly winged. Sori borne on

acroscopic basal segments of pinnae, very

broadly obconic with ovate-acute, entire indu-

sial valves up toc. 1,2 mm broad. Fig. 20: 5.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zaire,

Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Cameroun, Nigeria, Liberia,

Sierra Leone, Fernando Po and Sao Tomé. Epiphyte in

montane forest, 1 700-2 250 m. Map 63.

Voucher: Van der Schijff 6264 (K; PRU).

Only one collection of this species has so far been

made in Southern Africa. It is distinguished from H. ca-

pense by the very divided basal pinnae.

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE

Large terrestrial ferns with hairy creeping or erect rhizomes with single or complex double

solenosteles. Stipes with undivided or dissected U-shaped vascular strands. Fronds large, 3- to 4-

pinnate, with continuous apical growth in Hypolepis. Veins free or anastomosing. Sori marginal,

submarginal or superficial near margin, small, subcircular to elongate; indusium absent, or ovate

and shallowly cupped (Microlepia), or linear or with leaf margin modified to form a pseudo-

indusium (Hypolepis), or both pseudo-indusia and true indusia present; soral paraphyses present or

absent.

la Veins mostly free, rarely anastomosing:

2a Sori small, subcircular:

3a Sori Genito towards WArein; SPOTES THIOIE scion si eed ea dees ceda dance de saccabevakle vedas de cerebenans 4. Microlepia

Db SorbOpening inwards; SOOres MONO Cte so ncicssie vs cd ethan sve dons nosvnsasddavearenessaeraghaswenes ane ccks te ddaale cs 5. Hypolepis

20 Sorelangate, marcinal OF Apparently MAMIINAN 4 16 Wanvcrsedccrnscqrnceravers vanacanasnerhnsev an eecerieeeteausiys 3. Pteridium

lb Veins anastomosing freely:

da. Fronds pubeseent or hirsute, at least. on Under SUA? .. 6.6.0 scccccsconsveancenceceadeneraencssienies cul cilanemee tenons 1. Blotiella

Aly: UDI rk ae aR ON OI hi VE aig sacs ns basins Ad: ta na Rdadio han cranennedeebiecarngn AEAed seebaueseela 2. Histiopteris

FILICALES

1. BLOTIELLA

Blotiella Tryon in Contr. Gray Herb. Harv. 191: 96 (1962); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 81 (1970); in

Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 43 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 66

(1977). Type species: B. glabra (Bory) Tryon (=Lonchitis glabra Bory).

Rhizome erect or creeping, often massive, set with reddish brown hairs. Fronds tufted, large;

lamina pinnate to 3-pinnate, usually thinly pubescent at least on under surface, ultimate segments

sinuate or crenate; veins anastomosing freely. Sori marginal, either small and confined to bases of

sinuses or elongate and extending around sinuses and lobes; indusia marginal, membranous.

A genus of 16 species, all in Africa, Madagascar and Mascarene Islands except for one American species. A taxonomi-

cally difficult genus because of variation in dissection exhibited by fronds of different sizes in the same species and

inadequate collections of complete fronds.

Pinnae conspicuously progressively more deeply incised from apex to base; rhizome erect .................006. 1. B. natalensis

Pinnae nearly uniformly incised from apex to base; rhizome Creeping ............. see ececececeeenenenenenseeeneeenes 2.B. glabra

1. Blotiella natalensis (Hook.) Tryon in

Contr. Gray Herb. Harv. 191: 99 (1962);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 82 (1970); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 68 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 205, t. 144 (1983). Type: Natal, Dur-

ban, Pappe s.n. (K, holo.!).

Lonchitis natalensis Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 57, t. 89B (1851).

Lonchitis pubescens sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 26,

pro parte quoad t. 131 (1915), non Willd. ex Kaulf. (1824).

Rhizome erect, massive, set with pale

brown hairs. Stipe stramineous, c. 1 m long,

thinly pubescent with pale soft hairs; lamina 2-

pinnatifid to 2-pinnate, lanceolate in outline, up

to 1,5 m long; pinnae narrowly oblong-acute,

mostly incised into adnate, acute, deltate, cre-

nate to sinuate lobes in smaller fronds, or into

petiolulate, narrowly oblong, acute to acumi-

nate, sinuate to pinnatifid pinnules up to 120

30 mm in larger fronds, upper surface darker

than lower; rhachis and secondary rhachises

thinly pubescent with pale hairs c. 1 mm long.

Sori mostly small, subcircular, borne in margi-

nal sinuses of pinna segments but sometimes

with a few larger lunulate sori in larger sinuses;

indusia pale, membranous. Fig. 21: 1.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Zimbabwe, Angola,

Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Madagascar, Seychelles

and Comoro Islands. Confined to damp, heavily shaded

situations along streambanks in forest, from near the coast

to 1 700 m altitude. Map 64.

Vouchers: Buchanan s.n. (BOL; K); Clarkson 206

(BM; NU); Guy & Ward 16 (NPB; NU); Sim s.n. (PRE).

2. Blotiella glabra (Bory) Tryon in Contr.

Gray Herb. Harv. 191: 99 (1962); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 82 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 204, t. 143 (1983). Type: Réu-

nion, Bory s.n., Herb. Willdenow no. 20131

(?P, holo.; B!).

Lonchitis glabra Bory, Voy. Quatre Princ. Iles 1: 321

(1804). Pteris glabra (Bory) Mett., Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips.

59, t. 25 fig. 29 (1856).

Lonchitis stenochlamys Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 142

(1852). Type: Transkei, between the great waterfall and the

Umsikaba River, Drége s.n. (BM!; K!).

Lonchitis pubescens sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 261,

pro parte quoad t. 132 (1915), non Willd. ex Kaulf. (1824).

Rhizome creeping, massive, set with hairs

up to 6 mm long. Fronds closely spaced; stipe

pale brown, up to 0,8 m long, pubescent, later

subglabrous; /amina elliptic, up to 1,3 X 0,8 m,

lowest pinnae reduced, 2- to 3- pinnatifid,

pinna costa narrowly winged for at least %4 its

length; pinna lobes oblong, adnate to rhachis,

acute to acuminate, crenate, sinuate or pinnati-

fid into sinuate lobes, pinna lobes separated by

broad sinuses, pubescent with pale soft hairs up

to 1,5 mm long on costae and costules and less

densely on veins and occasionally in the areoles

on both surfaces. Sori mostly semicircular in

small sinuses of frond segments, longer and

lunulate in larger sinuses, up to 2 m in diameter;

indusium membranous. Fig. 21: 2.

FIG. 21.—1, Blotiella natalensis, part of frond, x 0,6 (Chase 6603). 2, Blotiella glabra, part of frond, x 0,6; 2a,

detail of lower surface of ultimate segment, < 1,2 (Schelpe 6165). 3, Histiopteris incisa, part of frond, xX 0,6; 3a, lower

surface of ultimate segments, X 1,2 (Schelpe 4997).

MAP 64.—Blotiella natalensis

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Zambia, the tropi-

cal African mountains and Réunion. Moist and shaded for-

MAP 65.—Blotiella glabra

Vouchers: Compton 27833 (NBG; PRE); Moss 18494

(J); Rodin 1181 (BOL; K; S); Schlechter 2338 (BM; K;

PRE); Strey 8765 (BOL; NH; NU).

est floors, 100-1 770 m. Map 65.

2. HISTIOPTERIS

Histiopteris (Agardh) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 294 (1875); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 47 (1908); Tardieu-

Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 67 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 68 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A.

edn 2, Suppl. 34 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 72 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 97 (1964);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 84 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.:

45 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 70 (1977). Type species: H. vespertilionis (Labill.) J. Sm. (= Pteris

vespertilionis Labill.).

Rhizome widely creeping, set with brown hairs. Fronds spaced; lamina 2-pinnatifid to 3-

pinnatifid; pinnae opposite, sessile, with stipule-like basal pinnules or pinna lobes, glabrous,

glaucous, firmly herbaceous to thinly coriaceous; veins anastomosing. Sori marginal, continuous,

with paraphyses; indusium formed from reflexed margin of lamina.

A genus with one pantropic and south-temperate zone species (H. incisa) and a few Asiatic species.

Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm., Hist.

Fil. 294 (1875); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 263,

t. 133 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 84, t. 24

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 70, t. 10 (1977);

W.B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 206, t. 145

(1983). Type: Cape Province, Grootvaders-

bosch, Thunberg s.n. (UPS, holo.!).

Pteris incisa Thunb., Prodr. 171 (1800). Litobrochia in-

cisa (Thunb.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 149 (1836); reimpr. in

Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 149 (1837). Phegop-

teris incisa (Thunb.) Keys., Polypod. Cyath. Herb. Bunge

51 (1873).

Rhizome subterranean, c. 5 mm in diame-

ter, set with a dense felt of brown multicellular

hairs. Fronds erect to arching with pinnae held

horizontally, 1-2 (3) m tall; stipe castaneous,

glabrous, up to 0,6 m long; /amina pinnatifid to

2-pinnatifid, broadly lanceolate to ovate-deltate

MAP 66.—Histiopteris incisa

FILICALES —

in outline, acute, up to 0,4 xX 0,19 m, basal

pinna segments auriculate and developed very

close to rhachis; ultimate lobes oblong, acute to

obtuse, adnate, entire to sinuate, glaucous when

fresh; rhachis reddish brown to pale brown

nearer apex, terete, glabrous. Sori linear or ra-

rely lunulate, up to 1 mm broad at maturity,

borne along margins of ultimate lobes (lobes

frequently with sterile apices); indusium mem-

branous, entire. Fig. 21: 3.

Widespread in the Southern Hemisphere. Cape Pro-

vince, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, An-

gola, Zaire, Tanzania, Uganda, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea,

Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea, as well as Fernando Po,

Sao Tomé, Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessi-

ble Island, Nightingale Island, Gough Island, Madagascar,

Comoro Islands, Mauritius and Réunion. In montane forest

and on streambanks from 150-1 700 m. Map 66.

Vouchers: Boucher 220/4 (STE); Esterhuysen 14682

(BM; BOL); Killick 135 (NU); Medley Wood s.n. (NH;

PRE); Taylor 1029 (BOL; NBG).

3. PTERIDIUM

Pteridium Gled. ex Scop., Fl. Carniol. 169 (1760); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 47 (1908); Tryon in

Contr. Gray Herb. Harv. 134: 11 (1941); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 65 (1953);

in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 66 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 33 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in FI.

Gabon 8: 70 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 96 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 88 (1970); in Expl.

Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 47 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 72 (1977),

nom. conserv. Type species: P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (= Pteris aquilinum L.).

Rhizome creeping, subterranean, densely set with brown to castaneous hairs. F ronds spaced;

stipe with numerous vascular bundles and a felt of hairs just below ground level, lamina 3- to 4-

pinnate, coriaceous, lower surface subglabrous to densely tomentose. Sori linear, submarginal,

outer pseudo-indusium formed by reflexed margin and inner indusium which may be reduced.

A monotypic genus with numerous subspecies and varieties throughout the tropical and temperate regions of the world.

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Von

Deck., Reisen, Bot. 3, 3: 11 (1879); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 264, t. 134 (1915). Type: Eu-

rope.

Pteris aquilina L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1073 (1753). Asplenium

aquilinum (L.) Bernh. in J. Bot., Gott. 1799, 1: 310 (1799).

Allosorus aquilinus (L.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 153 (1836).

Eupteris aquilina (L.) Newm. in Phytologist 2: 278 (1845).

Paesia aquilina (L.) Keys., Polypod. Cyath. Herb. Bunge

22 (1873). Cincinalis aquilina (L.) Gled. ex Trevisan in

Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 17: 239 (1874). Ornithopteris aqui-

lina (L.) J. E. Sm., Hist. Fil. 298 (1875).

Only the typical subspecies occurs in

Southern Africa. Subsp. centrali-africanum

Hieron. occurs from Zimbabwe to East Africa

and can be distinguished by its less divided lam-

ina and larger basal pinnae.

Subsp. aquilinum.

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 88 (1970); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 74 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 208, t. 38, 49, 146 (1983).

Pteris capensis Thunb., Prodr. 172 (1800). Allosorus

capensis (Thunb.) Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr. 32

(1858), non Presl (1836). Pteridium capense (Thunb.)

Krasser in Annln naturh. Mus. Wien 15: 6 (1900). Pteri-

dium aquilinum subsp. capense (Thunb.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil.

591 (1906). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Thunberg s.n.

(UPS, holo.!).

Pteris coriifolia Kunze in Linnaea 18: 120 (1844). Allo-

sorus coriifolia (Kunze) Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 31 (1858). Type: Cape Peninsula, Gueinzius s.n.

(LZ, holo.f).

Rhizome c. 7 mm in diameter when dried;

hairs 1-1,5 mm long. Fronds erect, 0,5—1,5 m

tall, basal pinnae as long as to half as long as

lamina and with pinnae ascending or held hori-

zontally; stipe woody, brown, up to 0,4 m long,

swollen just above ground level, glabrous

MAP 67.—Pteridium aquilinum subsp. aquilinum

FILICALES

NAVAN

PRN ie

FILICALES

above this level; /amina deltate to oblong-

ovate, 3- to 4-pinnate; pinnae ovate-deltate to

oblong, acute, up to 0,4 x 0,15 m; pinnule

segments deeply pinnatifid in larger pinnae into

obtuse narrowly oblong lobes, upper surface

glabrous to thinly pubescent, under surface

subglabrous or thinly pubescent to densely pu-

bescent-tomentose with pale brown hairs. Sori

elongate, submarginal on ultimate segments;

pseudo-indusium membranous, ciliate, c. 0,5

mm wide. Fig. 22.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Orange Free

State, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe and Mozambique,

and at higher altitudes through Malawi, Zambia, Angola,

Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Camer-

oun and Nigeria to Liberia and Sierra Leone, Sao Tomé,

Fernando Po; Zanzibar, Comoro Islands, Madagascar and

Mauritius. Also widespread in temperate Europe. Grass-

lands and forest margins, 750—2 340 m. Map 67.

Vouchers: Dieterlen 69 (K; PRE; SAM); Hardcastle

278 (NBG); Louw 2750 (STE); Pott 4855 (BOL; PRE);

Ward 4322 (NPB; NU).

4. MICROLEPIA

Microlepia Pres/, Tent. Pterid. 124, t. 4, 21-23 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss.,

ser. 4, 5: 124 (1837); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 21 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr.

noire. 28: 58 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 9 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 32 (1959);

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 68 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 94 (1964); Launert in F.S.W.A. 3: 1

(1969), as Microlepis; Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 89 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. &

Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 49 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 75 (1977). Type species: M. polypodioides

(Swartz) Presl (= Dicksonia polypodioides Swartz).

Rhizome creeping, set with brown hairs. Fronds: stipe closely spaced, shortly pubescent

with a single U-shaped vascular bundle; lamina pinnate to 4-pinnatifid, often large, herbaceous,

pubescent. Sori intramarginal, borne on a vein-ending; indusium small, membranous, cupped,

opening outwards.

A genus of about 45 species, mostly of the Old World tropics but with one variable pantropic species occurring in

Africa.

Microlepia speluncae (L.) T. Moore, Ind.

Fil. 93 (1857); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 129, t.

38. (1915); Schelpe: in F.Z: Pierid’: 89, 0.027

(1970); in C.F.A:. Pterid,: 75, t.. 8o(977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 210, t. 147

(1983). Type: Ceylon, Hermann s.n., Herb.

Hermann fol. 41 (BM, lecto.!).

Polypodium speluncae L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1093 (1753). Aspi-

dium speluncae (L.) Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4, 5: 269

(1810). Davallia speluncae (L.) Bak. in Hook. & Bak.,

Syn. Fil. 100 (1867). Scyphofilix speluncae (L.) Farwell in

Am. Midl. Nat. 12: 263 (1931).

Rhizome up to 10 mm in diameter, set

with multicellular hairs up to 4 mm long.

Fronds spaced up to 60 mm apart, erect to arch-

ing, fragile, up to 3 m long; stipe pale brown,

often darker basally, becoming glabrous, up to

1 m long and 6 mm in diameter; lamina 3- to 4-

pinnatifid; pinnae narrowly oblong to oblong-

MAP 68.—Microlepia speluncae

FIG. 22.—1, Pteridium aquilinum subsp. aquilinum, parts of frond, x 0,6; la, lower surface of ultimate segments,

xX 4,2 (Kluge 1657).

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FILICALES

lanceolate, acute, up to 600 X 210 mm; uwlti-

mate segments oblong-obtuse, crenate to pinna-

tifid, 4-12 mm long, thinly pubescent on both

surfaces along veins and costules with pale mul-

ticellular hairs up to 0,4 mm long; rhachis

thinly pubescent with minute hairs, eventually

becoming glabrous. Sori small, round, c. 1 mm

in diameter, borne on a vein-ending which

shows as a conspicuous hydathode on upper

surface. Fig. 23.

South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, Natal and

Transvaal, as well as central Africa and Sao Tomé, Mada-

gascar, Seychelles and Comoro Islands. Pantropical, con-

fined to moist shaded habitats either in swamp forest or on

shaded streambanks in evergreen forest, up to 1 200 m.

Map 68.

Vouchers: Hillary 85 (NU); Obermeyer s.n. (PRE);

Schelpe 4790 (B; BM; BOL; C; GH; K; M; MO; P; PR;

PRE; S; US); Smith 584 (BOL; GAB; SRGH).

5. HYPOLEPIS

‘Hypolepis Bernh. in Neues J. Bot. 1, 2: 34 (1805); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 41 (1908); Tardieu-

Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 59 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 6 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A.

edn 2, Suppl. 33 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 95 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 92

(1970). Type species: H. tenuifolia (G. Forst.) Bernh. ex Presl (= Lonchitis tenuifolia G. Forst.).

_ Terrestrial plants with widely creeping subterranean rhizomes set with brown or reddish hairs.

Fronds often large, 2- to 5-pinnatifid, hairy or glabrous; veins free. Sori small, submarginal,

protected by a reflexed marginal flap (pseudo-indusium) terminal on veins.

A genus of about 55 species, mostly pantropic or in the south temperate zone with one species in our region.

Hypolepis sparsisora (Schrad.) Kuhn,

Fil. Afr. 120 (1868); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

236, t. 117 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 92,

t. 28 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 211, t. 148 (1983). Type: Cape Province,

Hesse s.n. (?LE, holo.).

Cheilanthes sparsisora Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818:

918 (1818). Phegopteris sparsisora (Schrad.) Keys., Poly-

pod. Cyath. Herb. Bunge 51 (1873).

Cheilanthes aspera Kaulf. in Linnaea 6: 186 (1831). Hy-

polepis aspera (Kaulf.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 162 (1836),

reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 162

(1837). Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Table

Mountain, Ecklon s.n. (LZ, holo.t; L!-BOL, photo.!).

Cheilanthes anthriscifolia Schlechtd., Adumbr. 52, t. 32

(1832), ined. non Willd. (1810). Hypolepis anthriscifolia

Presl, Tent. Pterid. 162 (1836), nom. nud.

Cheilanthes commutata Kunze in Linnaea 10: 542

(1836), nom. illeg.

Rhizome up to 5 mm in diameter, set with

multicellular brown hairs c. 1 mm long. Fronds

borne 0,2 m or more apart, erect, with pinnae

held horizontally, usually about 1 m tall but

occasionally forming thickets up to 3 m high;

stipe pale brown, finally glabrous, up to | m

long; lamina 3- to 5-pinnatifid; pinnae up to

1 m long (usually less), ovate-deltate; ultimate

segments oblong, acute, crenate to pinnatifid,

adnate, up to 10 mm long, glabrous except for a

few scattered pale hairs on rhachis branches and

veins above and below; rhachis pale brown,

glabrous. Sori borne singly on acroscopic mar-

gin of lobes of ultimate segments, c. | mm in

diameter; pseudo-indusium semi-transparent,

subentire. Fig. 24.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Kenya, Uganda,

Zaire, Cameroun, as well as Fernando Po, Sao Tomé,

Comoro Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius and Réunion.

Along streams in forests from 200 to 1 300 m. Map 69.

Vouchers: Cooper 1414 (BM; NH; PRE); Fisher 773

(BLFU; NH; NU; BOL); Junod 4430 (K; PRE); Roux 666

(NBG); Schlechter 2339 (BM; GRA; J; K; PRE).

MAP 69.—Hypolepis sparsisora

FIG. 23.—1, Microlepia speluncae, part of frond, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X c. 6

(Buchanan sub BOL 23569).

FILICALES

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FILICALES 89

VITTARIACEAE

Epiphytic or lithophytic plants, with creeping rhizomes set with clathrate rhizome scales.

Fronds sessile or stipitate, very narrowly linear to narrowly elliptic, suberect to pendulous, gla-

brous. Sori exindusiate, in two marginal, submarginal or intramarginal grooves; paraphyses pre-

sent, intestiniform to turbinate. Spores monolete or trilete.

VITTARIA

Vittaria J. E. Sm. in Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 413 t. 9, 5 (1793); Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 2:

48 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 201 (1953); Pic. Ser. in Webbia 12: 698

(1957); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 175 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 35 (1959);

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 94 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 124 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 94

(1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid. 49 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.:

76 (1977). Type species: V. lineata (L.) J.E. Sm. (=Pteris lineata L.).

Description as for family.

A genus of about 70 often poorly differentiated species occurring in temperate and tropical regions.

Vittaria isoetifolia Bory, Voy. Quatre

Princ. Iles 2: 325 (1804); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 267, t. 149 fig. 1 (1915); Schelpe in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 21 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 94, t. 29B (1970); W.B.G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 213, t. 149 (1983). Type: Réu-

nion, Bory s.n., Herb. Willdenow no. 20026

(B, holo.!).

Oetosis isoetifolia (Bory) Greene in Pittonia 4: 103

(1900).

Vittaria coccygocarpa Trevisan in Atti Ist. Veneto 2: 161

(1851), nom. nud.

Vittaria gueinzii Trevisan in tom. cit. 167 (1851). Type:

South Africa, Gueinzius s.n. (Type not found).

Vittaria sarmentosa Ruiz, ex Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 3:

17 (1852). Syntypes: South Africa, Drége s.n. (BM!, K!);

Mundt & Maire s.n.; Gueinzius s.n. (K!, S!).

Vittaria tenera Fée, tom. cit. 17, t. 2 fig. 1 (1852). Type:

Natal, Port Natal (i.e. Durban), Gueinzius s.n. (Type not

found).

Vittaria longidentata K. Muell. in Bot. Ztg 1854: 546, t.

13 fig. 2 (1854). Type: South Africa, Gueinzius s.n. (Type

not found).

Pteropsis angustifolia Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 43 (1857), non Desv. (1827). Type: Cape Province,

Genadendal, Kdlbing s.n. (Type not found).

Rhizome shortly creeping, c. 3 mm in

diameter, set with narrowly lanceolate, atten-

uate, clathrate, strongly pseudo-serrate, dark

brown rhizome-scales up to 10 mm long.

Fronds tufted, simple, sessile, carnose-coria-

ceous, pendant; lamina very narrowly linear,

with a pale brown or pale greyish green base

when dried; midrib and veins obscure. Sori in

two deep intramarginal grooves and with intes-

tiniform paraphyses. Fig. 25.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Madagascar,

Mauritius and Réunion. Occasional low-level to mid-level

epiphytes on old trees in moist forest habitats in the sou-

thern and eastern parts of Southern Africa, from near sea

level in the Knysna forests to c. 2 000 m in south-eastern

Africa. Map 70.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 14387 (BOL; K; NBG);

Johnstone 279 (BM; NH; NU); Schlechter 2716 (BM;

GRA; J; K; PRE); Sim s.n. sub MacOwan 1591 (GRA; K;

PRE; S; SAM); Thode A1275 (K; NH; PRE).

On the mountains of south-western Cape Province the

plants are much smaller and are confined to sheltered

sandstone crevices in the summer mist-belt.

34°

Late |

* 4

ane

mee

Pts

Pal

Beek }

in db

ir (aie Eee

r>—+

36°

MAP 70.—Vittaria isoetifolia

FIG. 24.—1, Hypolepis sparsisora, part of frond, <x 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X c. 6

(Schelpe 4273).

FILICALES |

ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE

Terrestrial, or aquatic (Ceratopteris) ferns with solenostelic or dictyostelic scaly rhizomes.

Stipes not articulated, with U-shaped or variously dissected vascular strands, often dark coloured

and nitid. Lamina 1- to 4-pinnate; veins free or anastomosing. Sori discrete or fusing along an

intramarginal vein or set along veins or on the under surface of special soral flaps (Adiantum) or

acrostichoid (Acrostichum), submarginal or superficial. Sporangia long- or short-stalked, often

mixed with paraphyses. Spores trilete, with perispore.

la Sori covering whole under surface or borne along veins:

2a Sori covering under surface Of femile Pinte. ch. oes sax nertscsesere Son sna aRe evn van a'd Here dsibecwoncaowslasgeasivnsecd 1. Acrostichum

2b Sori borne along veins:

3a Lamina with orange, yellow or white powder on under surface...............ccceceseeeceeeeeeeeeeuss 4. Pityrogramma

3b Lamina without powder on under surface:

4a Segments of fertile lamina obovate-cuneate, incised; plant terrestrial; fronds membranous, uniform

Fe Bae cs nea eo a ep a eee eds Sav tcc EY eA MED Min a il clk ai behetalbnasianl aia aaah adata OS Meares piel 2. Anogramma

4b Segments of fertile lamina narrowly linear; plant aquatic; fronds succulent, dimorphous........... 3. Ceratopteris

1b Sori marginal or submarginal:

da. Sor:-borpe on reflexed amangrr ales), «5 te sens eae eh wa x Lathe Nemeanig oa datos satan sictbeadlnatlowlirsd « peiubielaas 5. Adiantum

5b Sori borne on under surface of lamina near margin and usually covered by it:

6a Fronds pinnately divided:

7a Ultimate fertile segments with a distinct entire to serrate sterile apex .............c.cccccessceseeeesesevenseees 6. Pteris

7b Ultimate fertile segments without a distinct sterile apex:

8a Ulumateisegzments of frond netarticulated .. i... ....cc.2c..<doscabuscnsronseethvassdeceseisalbeubeues 7. Cheilanthes

8b “Ultimate sesments of iegind anion ate cscs cn cous or can dicoaa ch wee Pven cs dete od Ala aia Gone wap ase elas aes 8. Pellaea

6b. Fronds dichotoriioiis| yet late ate txts ciecoer Neos este n tee ae ate tote ae SA nrg ees eae sora 9. Actiniopteris

1. ACROSTICHUM

Acrostichum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1067 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 484 (1754), as Acrosticum; Engl.,

Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 58 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 86 (1953); in FI.

Madag. 5, 1: 108 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 36 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon

8: 99 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 130 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 98 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 80

(1977). Type species: A. aureum L.

Rhizome erect to procumbent, massive, with thick fleshy roots and set with large tough

rhizome-scales. Fronds large, tufted; lamina large, simply pinnate; pinnae petiolate, entire, coria-

ceous; veins anastomosing freely, without included veinlets. Sori borne on under surface of undif-

ferentiated apical pinnae, acrostichoid, with paraphyses.

A genus of about 5 species along tropical and subtropical coasts, usually on the landward margin of mangrove swamps.

One species occurs in Southern Africa.

Acrostichum aureum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1069

(1753); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 292, t. 153

(1915); Schelpe in. FZ. Pterid:: 99, t. 31

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 80, t. 14 (1977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 219, t. 8,

72 (1983). Type: Hort. Cliff. Sicc. (BM,

lecto.!).,

Chrysodium aureum (L.) Mett., Fil. Lips. 21 (1856).

Chrysodium vulgare Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 2: 97

(1845), nom. illeg.

Rhizome c. 6 mm in diameter, set with

hard subulate rhizome-scales c. 10 mm long,

with thick black median area and pale narrow

clathrate borders. Fronds erect; stipe brown,

shallowly sulcate, up to 0,5 m long; lamina up,

to 1,5 X 0,4 m; sterile pinnae glabrous, linear

to cultrate, entire to irregularly undulate, acu-

minate to truncate, 80-360 x 10-50 mm, base

unequally cuneate; costa raised and prominent’

below, reticulate venation apparent; fertile pin-

nae borne towards apex of frond, similar to

FIG. 25.—1, Vittaria isoetifolia, plant, < 1 (Braithwaite 239); 1a, transverse section of lamina, x 7 (after F.Z.

Pteridophyta, tab. 29, B1, with permission of the Managing Committee).

FILICALES

¥ ya Os

Shas

Gia eee

LPR

2 ASEM ES ea :

4 en ay RON ese oes

AAD rey a PAR: p WEES

GREEN RTC 005 LR

Meet

PRA,

iN vA iy Hare . Y

. eRe “nea

yer Sento S,

5 RAT

ASA LO

HERRAT MARCH

FILICALES 93

sterile pinnae but with under surface (except

costa) covered with sporangia. Fig. 26.

Pantropical. Natal to Mozambique, Angola, Zaire,

Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Ca-

meroun, Ree Guinea, Angola, Sao Tomé and Prin-

cipé, Zanzibar, Madagascar and Mauritius. In Southern Af-

rica A. aureum is known from a few tidal estuaries along the

Zululand and Mozambique coasts, near sea level. Map 71.

Vouchers: Buchanan s.n. (BOL; NH); Fisher 1020

(BLFU; BM; BOL; NH; NU; PRE).

MAP 71.—Acrostichum aureum

2. ANOGRAMMA

Anogramma Link, Fil. Sp. 137 (1841); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 120 (1958); Pichi-

Sermolli in Webbia 21: 496 (1966); Launert in F.S.W.A. 5: 1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 99

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 80 (1977). Lectotype species: A. leptophylla (L.) Link (=Polypodium

leptophyllum L.).

Rhizome very small, possibly produced annually from a persistent relatively large gameto-

phyte, set with small brown scales. Stipe dark brown, glabrous. Lamina 2- to 3-pinnate with

incised decurrent pinnules, glabrous to thinly pubescent, membranous; veins free. Sori borne along

the forked veins, exindusiate.

A genus of about 5 species, only one occurring in Africa.

Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link, Fil. long. Fronds few, tufted erect, herbaceous;

Sp. 137 (1841); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 193, stipe castaneous, up to 80 mm long, glabrous

t. 109 (1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1:

47 (1969); Launert in F.S.W.A. 5: 1 (1969);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 99, t. 32 (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 80 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 220, t. 154 (1983). Type: South

Europe, Herb. Tournefort no. 5337 (P, lecto.).

Polypodium leptophyllum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1092 (1753).

Asplenium leptophyllum (L.) Swartz, Obs. Bot. 403 (1791).

Osmunda leptophylla (L.) Savi in Lam., Encycl. 4: 657

(1797). Acrostichum leptophyllum (L.) Lam. et D.C., FI.

franc. 2: 565 (1805). Grammitis leptophylla (L.) Swartz,

Syn. Fil. 23, 218, t. 1 fig. 6 (1806). Gymnogramma lepto-

phylla (L.) Desv. in Ges. naturf. Berl. Mag. 5: 305 (1811).

Hemionitis leptophylla (L.) Lagasca, Gen. & Sp. Pl. 33

(1816). Dicranodium leptophyllum (L.) Newm., Hist. Brit.

Ferns edn 3: 13 (1854). Pityrogramma leptophylla (L.)

Domin in Publs Fac. Sci. Univ. Charles. 88: 9 (1928).

Rhizome minute, annual, set with minute,

pale, linear, entire rhizome-scales c. 1 mm MAP72.—Anogramma leptophylla

FIG. 26.—1, Acrostichum aureum, upper surface of part of frond, x 0,6 (Schelpe 4433); 1a, lower surface of part of

frond, X 0,6 (Fisher 1020).

Wt WY

FILICALES

except for a few small pale scales basally; la-

mina oblong-ovate to narrowly deltate, up to 70

x 28 mm, 2- to 3-pinnatifid (rarely pinnate in

very small plants); pinnae ovate-deltate; ulti-

mate segments broadly to narrowly cuneate,

emarginate or shallowly lobed, glabrous on

both surfaces, bearing the sori; rhachis casta-

Widespread in the New and Old Worlds. Cape Pro-

vince, Natal and Zimbabwe, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania,

Zaire, Cameroun, Algeria, Sudan and Ethiopia, as well as

Canary Islands, Azores, Madeira, S. EUPOPE Turkey, Ne-

pal, Sti Lanka, Java, Brazil, W. Australia and S. New

Zealand. Shaded earth banks, c. 150-2 600 m. Map 72.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 26244 (BM; BOL); Johnstone

313 (BM; NU); Schelpe 4535 (BM; BOL).

neous to stramineous, glabrous, narrowly

winged in upper part. Fig. 27: 3.

3, CERATOPTERIS

Ceratopteris Brongn. in Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1821; 186 (1822); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 60

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 6: 1 (1952); in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 31 (1953); Pichi-

Sermolli in Webbia 12: 647 (1957); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 36 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in

Fl. Gabon 8: 98 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 129 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 102 (1970); in may

Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 51 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 82 (1977),

Lectotype species: C. thalictroides (L.) Brongn. (=Acrostichum thalictroides L.).

Aquatic or marsh ferns with short erect rhizomes and sparse brown rhizome-scales. Fronds

tufted, dimorphous; stipes green, succulent, with numerous vascular strands; fertile fronds larger

03and more dissected bearing much narrower linear segments than sterile fronds, often proliferous;

veins anastomosing, without included veinlets. Sporangia sessile, borne along veins, protected by

reflexed margin of ultimate segments; spores trilete.

A genus of c. 5 species occurring throughout the tropics, with possibly 2 recognisable species in Africa, This genus has

been placed by some authors in a separate monogeneric family, the Parkeriaceae.

Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.

in Bull. Sci. Soc, Philom. 1821; 186 (1821);

Sim, Ferns §. Afr. edn 2: 294, t. 109 fig. 3

(1915); Schelpe in Contr, Bolus Herb. 1: 46

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 102 t. 34 (1970); in

CFA» Pteridy 82) t. 1S C907). Type. Sri

Lanka, Herb. Hermann vol. 3 no. 42 (BM,

holo.!).

Acrostichum thalictroides L., Sp. Pl, 2: 1070 (1753),

Pteris thalictroides (L.) Swartz in J, Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 65

(1801). Furearia thalictroides (L.) Desv. in Mém. Soc.

Linn,, Paris 6; 292 (1827).

Ceratopteris cornuta sensu W, B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr, 218, t. 153 (1983).

Rhizome c. 5 mm in diameter. Fronds

erect to arching, succulent, brittle; stipe succu-

lent, brittle when fresh, eventually glabrous, up

to 160 mm long; sterile lamina oblong, ovate or

narrowly deltate, up to 200 x 70 mm, usually

2-pinnatifid into acute to obtuse deltate or lan-

ceolate lobes, glabrous on both surfaces; fertile

lamina natrowly to broadly ovate, up to 240 x

120 mm, usually 3-pinnatifid into narrowly lin-

ear acute lobes up to 40 x I—1,5 mm, glabrous

on both surfaces, Sporangia borne sparsely

along veins. Fig. 28.

Widespread throughout tropical Africa and Asia.

Botswana, Angola, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique,

Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, Madagascar, Zanzibar,

Socotra and Seychelles, Aquatic or rooted in mud in slug-

gish streams and marshes, from near sea level to 780 m.

Map 73,

Vouchers: Gibbs Russell & Biegel 1547 (BOL;

SRGH); Smith 1337 (BOL; SRGH).

MAP 73.—Ceratopteris thalictroides

FIG. 27.—1, Pityro ramma calomelanos var. aureoflava, part of plant, x 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of

pinnules, X 3,6 (Schelpe 5068). 2, Pityrogramma argentea, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of ultimate

segments, X 3,6 (Schweickerdt 2429). 3, Anogramma leptophylla, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe 4535).

FILICALES

‘

Nix

FIG. 28.—Ceratopteris thalictroides, part of plant, x 0,6 (Repart. de Agric. 813).

FILICALES 97

4. PITYROGRAMMA

Pityrogramma Link, Handb. Gewachs. 3: 19 (1833); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28:

206 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 117 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 38 (1959); Tardieu-

Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 102 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 132 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 105 (1970);

in C.F.A. Pterid.: 82 (1977). Type species: P. chrysophylla (Swartz) Link (=Acrostichum chryso-

phyllum Swartz).

Rhizome erect or creeping, set with linear, attenuate, concolorous brown rhizome-scales.

Fronds tufted; stipe castaneous, glabrous except for a few scales basally; lamina 2- to 4-pinnatifid,

membranous to thinly coriaceous, with white, pink, yellow or orange powder on under surface,

glabrous ventrally; veins free. Sori borne along the length of the veins, exindusiate.

A genus of 14 species, most of which occur in tropical America (Tryon, 1962).

Fronds: broadly deltate,. brittle; “ultimate: Segments ‘obtuse... Lilake hres. sace ee tasd ds bo eeodiatygaeden’ 1. P. argentea

Fronds oblong-lanceolate, robust; ultimate segments acute-acuminate ....................085 2. P. calomelanos var. aureoflava

1. Pityrogramma argentea (Willd.)

Natal and Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Ma-

Domin in Publs Fac. Sci. Univ. Charles. 88: 6

(1928); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 49

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 105, t. 35 (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 84, t. 16 (1977); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 221, t. 24, 155

(1983). Type: Réunion, Bory s.n., Herb. Will-

denow no. 19569 (B, holo.!).

Hemionitis argentea Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4, 5: 132

(1810). Gymnogramma argentea (Willd.) Mett. ex Kuhn,

Fil. Afr. 59 (1868); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn. 2: 194, t. 87

(1915). Ceropteris argentea (Willd.) Kuhn in Von Deck.,

Reisen, Bot. 3, 3: 18 (1879).

Gymnogramma thiebautii Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn.,

Paris 6: 215 (1827), nom. illeg.

Gymnogramma conspersa Kunze in Linnaea 18: 116

(1844). Anogramma conspersa (Kunze) Fée, Mém. Fam.

Foug. 5: 184 (1852). Type: Natal, Gueinzius s.n. (LZ, ho-

lo. 7; KK!)

Rhizome erect, suberect to procumbent, c.

2 mm in diameter, set with entire rhizome-

scales up to 2 mm long. Fronds tufted, arching,

herbaceous, fragile; stipe castaneous, nitid, up

to 150 mm long; lamina ovate-deltate, up to

210 X 160 mm, 3- to 4-pinnatifid, lowest pin-

nae “%-% as long as lamina; pinnae narrowly

ovate-deltate, up to 120 mm long; pinnules of

upper pinnae and pinnule segments of lower

pinnae cuneate to broadly oblong-ovate, deeply

pinnatifid into obtuse or emarginate, entire to

crenate lobes c. 1 mm broad; powder white,

pink or yellow; rhachis and secondary rha-

chises castaneous, the latter often narrowly

winged for some distance from apex. Sori lin-.

ear, up to 2 mm long. Fig. 27: 2.

lawi, Angola, Zaire, Madagascar and Réunion In rock

crevices and around boulder bases, 1 200-2 500 m. Map

74.

Vouchers: Acocks 11439 (BOL; PRE); Esterhuysen

21473 (BOL); Schweickerdt 2430 (BOL).

2. Pityrogramma calomelanos (Swartz)

Link, Handb. Gewachse 3: 20 (1833); Schelpe

in J1 S. Afr. Bot. 30: 182 (1964); in Fern Gaz.

11: 101 (1975). Type: Tropical America (LINN

1245/19, holo.!).

The typical variety does not occur in Southern Africa.

Var. aereoflava (Hook.) Weath. ex. Bai-

ley, Man. Cult. P1. 64 (1926); Schelpe in Fern

Gaz. 11: 101 (1975); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 222, t. 7 (1983). Type: South Amer-

ica, Ecuador, Seemann 948 (K, lecto.!).

MAP 74.—Pityrogramma argentea

i FILICALES

\! UG LEZ:

Cee ieee

SALA Lone

te e2

FIG. 29.—1, Adiantum incisum, part of plant, x 0,6 (Braithwaite 186). 2, Adiantum phili rt of plant, x

0,6 (Mitchell 464). P ) philippense, part of plan

FILICALES 99

Rhizome short, procumbent, c. 8 mm in

diameter, set with concolorous light brown, en-

tire, linear rhizome-scales up to 4 mm long.

Fronds tufted, erect to arching, firmly herba-

ceous to thinly coriaceous; stipe atrocastaneous,

nitid, up to 330 mm long; lamina oblong-lan-

ceolate in outline, up to 370 X 140 mm, 2-pin-

nate to 3-pinnatifid, lowest pinnae not reduced;

pinnae lanceolate, acute-acuminate, up to 90 x

22 mm; pinna segments oblong-trapeziform,

the larger slightly auriculate, serrate (apparently

entire if margin involute), acute, acuminate, up

to 17 X 5 mm, set at acute angle to costa;

powder yellow; rhachis atrocastaneous. Sori up

to 3 mm long. Fig. 27: 1.

P. calomelanos was introduced from tropical America

MAP 75.—Pityrogramma calomelanos var. aureoflava and is a common weed in the moist tropics. This variety was

| introduced from higher elevations than the typical variety in

South America and has become atticalieee: on road and

railway embankments in Transkei, Natal and Transvaal, on

Gymnogramma calomelanos var. aureoflava Hook., Gdn ‘Mauritius and Comoro Islands, as well as Australia; from

Ferns t. 50 (1862). near sea level to 1 700 m in Southern Africa. Map 75.

Ceropteris calomelanos sensu Sim, Ferns S.Afr. edn 2: Vouchers: Davidson 3017 (BOL; J); Moll 2272 (BOL;

196, t. 88 (1915). NU).

5. ADIANTUM

Adiantum L., Sp. Pl. 1094 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 485 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 42

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 93 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 122 (1958);

Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 38 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 106 (1964); in FI.

Camer. 3: 143 (1964); Launert in F.S.W.A. 6: 1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z. Pretid.: 108 (1970); in

Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 53 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 85

(1977). Type species: A. capillus-veneris L.

Rhizome erect or shortly or widely creeping, set with brown rhizome-scales. Fronds tufted or

spaced; stipe dark brown or black, nitid; lamina simply pinnate to 4-pinnate, with flabellate,

dimidiate or cuneate segments, glabrous or pilose, or occasionally with hellow powder on under

surface; veins free. Sori borne on inner surface of marginal reflexed lobes which protect the

developing sporangia.

A cosmopolitan genus of over 200 species with a large proportion in South America.

la Fronds simply pinnate:

Oe Lamina pilOse sc ..iancostaaeas 5 A ete ror ie ae OA SO ae ot ee 1. A. incisum

pO BET LPs 216) | ARS een ay am MOOR Oe Mle a Ae ce ae, eee a ey Ce ar 2. A philippense

1b Fronds 2- to 4-pinnate: ioe

3a Fronds repeatedly and unequally dichotomously divided ................sccecceececeeececceceeceeceeceeenes 3. A. hispidulum

3b Fronds pinnately divided:

4a Veins of sterile pinnules ending in the marginal teeth:

Sa SOM OLMCWlar £0 SOMONE OUNAE fa sikspacdceacvndere Tera dxanmaas Sere idasmunnnie MOMISIMA VEO aN 4. A. aethiopicum

Ee OND ON i ash cen Anna Raat eateiedins ters TyAIN 5. A. capillus-veneris

4b Veins of sterile pinnules ending in sinuses between marginal teeth or crenations of teeth:

6a Sori lunate; ultimate segments articulated, eventually deciduous.................ccccsceeeceeeeneenenes 6. A. poiretii

6b Sori suborbicalar; ultimate segments not articulated, persistent ...............0ccccceeeeceeeeeeneeees 7. A raddianum

100

1. Adiantum incisum Forssk., Fl. Ae-

gypt.-Arab. cxxv, 187 (1775); Schelpe in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 52 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 108, t. 36C (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 85

03004613(1977); . B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn ©

Afr. 223, t. 156 (1983). Type: Yemen, Hadie,

Herb. Forsskal no. 813 (C, holo.!).

Adiantum caudatum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 241,

t. 118 fig.2(1915). -

Rhizome short, erect, set with subulate

rhizome-scales c. 4 mm long. Fronds tufted,

arching, membranous, often proliferous at apex

of a naked extension of rhachis; stipe casta-

neous to black, ue to 90 mm long, set with

numerous brown hairs; Jamina linear to cul-

trate, up to 260 xX 40 mm, pinnate, attenuate;

pinnae mostly oblong, but reduced and obcu-

neate towards apex of frond, up to 20 x 10

mm, shortly petiolate, incised irregularly on

acroscopic margin into mostly emarginate

lobes, thinly set on both surfaces with pale

brown multicellular hairs c. 1,3 mm long. Sori

borne at apices of pinna lobes; indusial flaps

lunate to oblong, glabrous to thinly pilose. Fig.

29: 1. |

Widespread in tropical Africa. South West Africa/Na-.

mibia, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zam-

bia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, Ethiopia, Sudan,

Ghana, Nigeria, Angola, Comoro Islands, Yemen and In-

dia. Around boulders in forest, 500-2 000 m. Map 76.

Vouchers: Dinter 5707 (BOL; NH; PRE); Galpin 1244

(NH; PRE; SAM); Schelpe 4281 (BM; BOL).

2. Adiantum philippense L., Sp. Pl. 2:

1094 (1753); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1:

54 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 110, t. 36G (1970);

in C.F.A. Pterid.: 87 (1977); W. B. G. Jacob-

FILICALES

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 225, t. 158 (1983). Icono-

type: Petiver, Gazophylacium, Decas 1: t.4 fig.

4 (1702)!, from the Philippine Islands. Probable

holotype: Luzon, Herb. Sloane 163 (BM).

Adiantum lunulatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 235 (1768); Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 243, t. 119 (1915). Pteris lunulata

(Burm. f.) Retz., Obs. Bot. 2: 28, t. 4 (1781). Type: India,

Herb. Burmann (G, holo.!).

Rhizome short, suberect or creeping, set

with subulate rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long.

Fronds tufted, arching, herbaceous, often proli-

ferous apically; stipe castaneous, glabrous, up

to 150 mm long; lamina linear-lanceolate, up to

420 X 95 mm, pinnate; pinnae mostly very

broadly oblong to rhombic, more reduced and

obcuneate towards apex of frond, up to 20 x 46

mm, borne on slender castaneous petioles up to

18 mm _ long, shallowly incised along

acroscopic margin into truncate lobes, glabrous

on both surfaces. Sori borne on apices of pinna

lobes; indusial flaps up to 20 mm long, linear to

shallowly lunate, glabrous. Fig. 29: 2.

Paleotropical with a fragmentary distribution. In Af-

rica from Transvaal, to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola,

Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Ma-

dagascar, Comoro Islands, Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria,

Togo, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea and Sao

Tomé. Also Senegal (Tardieu-Blot, 1964). On moist forest

floor and earth banks, always in deep shade, 300—1 370

m. Map 77.

Voucher: Leighton 3245 (BOL).

3. Adiantum hispidulum Swartz in J.

Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 82 (1801); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 244 (1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 1: 55 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 111, t. 36A

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

228, t. 161 (1983). Type: Australasia (S, ho-

lo.!).

MAP 77.—Adiantum philippense

FILICALES

MAP 78.—Adiantum hispidulum

Rhizome short, erect to procumbent, set

with castaneous, lanceolate, entire rhizome-

scales up to 1,5 mm long. Fronds tufted, erect,

pedate or repeatedly unequally dichotomously

divided; stipe castaneous, hispid, up to 290 mm

long; lamina approximately deltate, up to 240

x 200 mm, repeatedly dichotomously divided

into up to 8 linear pinnae up to 200 mm long;

pinnules mostly rhombic, becoming reduced

and obcuneate towards pinna apex, firmly her-

baceous, dark green, thinly hispid on under sur-

face only, up to 10 X 6 mm; rhachis casta-

neous-hispid with pale stiff hairs up to 0,5 mm

long. Sori borne on acroscopic and outer mar-

gin of pinnules; indusial flaps pilose, round to

oblong, up to 1 mm in diameter.

Sporadic throughout east tropical and temperate

Africa, Asia and Australasia. Cape Province, Natal,

Transvaal, Mozambique, Malawi, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethio-

pia, Comoro Islands, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Azores. Also

S. India, Malesia, Polynesia and Australia. Confined to

moist shaded habitats. In Natal it is recorded at an altitude

of 830 m, where it may have escaped from cultivation. It

has also been found naturalised in a few localised areas on

the Cape Peninsula. Map 78.

Vouchers: Junod 4602 (PRE); Roux 177 (NBG); Tosh,

Robinson & De Villiers 9 (K; NU).

4. Adiantum aethiopicum L., Syst. Nat.

edn 10, 2: 1329 (1759); in Sp. Pl. edn 2: 1560

(1763); Schelpe in J] S. Afr. Bot. 15: 43, t. la

—c (1949); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

231, t. 164 (1983). Type: Cape Province (LINN

1252/15, holo.!).

Adiantum poiretii sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 247, t.

123 (1915).

Rhizome slender, widely creeping, set

with squarrose, pale brown, lanceolate, entire

MAP 79.—Adiantum aethiopicum

rhizome-scales up to 2 mm long. Fronds spaced

up to 80 mm apart, erect to arching; stipe casta-

neous, up to 90 mm long; lamina ovate, up to

200 X 150 mm, 3-pinnate; pinnules mostly cu-

neate to shortly rounded rhomboid, up to 13 Xx

14 mm, petiolate but not articulated, minutely

dentate on outer margins, especially in sterile

pinnules, with veins ending in the teeth; rhachis

and secondary rhachises castaneous, glabrous.

Sori 1-2 per pinnule, borne on outer margin;

indusial flaps glabrous, orbicular to deeply re-

niform, c. 2 mm in diameter.

South-western Cape Province. On moist earth banks

and streambanks in deep shade in forest at altitudes between

100 and 400 m. Map 79.

Vouchers: Compton 13475 (NBG; PRE); Esterhuysen

22238 (BOL).

5. Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Sp. Pl.

2: 1096 (1753); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 245,

t. 121, 122 (1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 1: 56 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 112, t. 36D

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 89 (1977); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 228, t. 14, 162

(1983). Type: S. Europe (LINN 1252/9,

lecto.!).

Adiantum marginatum Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818:

918 (1818). Type: Cape Province, Hesse s.n. (LE, holo.—

BOL, photo.!).

Adiantum pseudocapillus Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 118

(1852), tom. cit. 7: 29, t. 1 (1857). Type: Cape of Good

Hope, Drége s.n. (Holotype lost).

Adiantum paradiseae Bak. in Gdnrs’ Chron., ser. 3, 6:

558 (1889). Type: Cape Province, Bedford district, Para-

dise s.n. (K, holo.!; PRE!).

Rhizome creeping, set with subulate, red-

dish brown, entire rhizome-scales c. 3 mm

102 FILICALES

FIG. 30.—1, Adiantum capillus-veneris, part of plant, < 0,6; la, pinnule, X 1,8 (Van der Schijff 5486). 2,

Adiantum poiretii, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, pinnule, x 1,8 (Kluge 2246).

FILICALES

MAP 80.—Adiantum capillus-veneris

long. Fronds spaced up to 10 mm apart, arch-

ing, herbaceous; stipe castaneous or ebeneous,

glabrous; lamina usually narrowly ovate-del-

tate, up to 260 X 190 mm, 3-pinnate; pinnules

cuneate, entire or irregularly shallowly to

deeply lobed, petiolulate, minutely crenate-

dentate on outer margin of sterile pinnules,

veins ending in the teeth, glabrous on both sur-

faces, often glaucous green, thinly to firmly

herbaceous, up to 27 X 20 mm; rhachis ebe-

neous, glabrous. Sori borne along outer margin

of pinnules; indusial flaps lunate to oblong, gla-

brous, up to5 X 1—1,5 mm. Fig. 30:1.

Cosmopolitan. Widespread in Southern Africa, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ke-

nya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt, Chad,

Libya, Algeria, Morocco, Madeira, Cape Verde Islands,

Madagascar, Mauritius and Comoro Islands. Shaded moist

rock faces and crevices, often in semi-arid areas, 820-1 220

m. Map 80. a bie aie

Vouchers: Dieterlen 694 (K; PRE; SAM); Esterhuysen

26257 (BM; BOL); Pott 4842 (BOL; PRE); Schelpe 5197

(BM; BOL); Strey 2001 (BOL; STE).

6. Adiantum poiretii Wikstr. in K.

Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 1825: 443

(1826); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 56

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 112, t. 36D (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 89 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 230, t. 163 (1983). Type: Tris-

tan da Cunha, Thouars s.n., Herb. Jussieu no.

1427 (P, holo.!-BOL, photo. !).

Adiantum crenatum Poir. in Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 1:

137 (Sept. 1810), non Willd. (March 1810).

Adiantum aethiopicum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

248, t. 124 (1915), non L. (1759).

Rhizome slender, widely creeping, set

with appressed, castaneous, lanceolate-acumi-

MAP 81.—Adiantum poiretii

nate, somewhat ciliate rhizome-scales c. 8 X

0,8 mm. Fronds closely spaced, arching, thinly

herbaceous; stipe castaneous, glabrous, up to

250 mm long; lamina broadly ovate-deltate, up

to 450 xX 330 mm, 3- to 4-pinnate; pinnules

very broadly obcuneate to semicircular or shal-

lowly reniform, up to 15 < 20 mm, articulated

at apex of filiform petiolules, membranous, gla-

brous or with yellow powder below, deciduous

with age leaving bare petiolules attached to se-

condary rhachises of old fronds; rhachis and

secondary rhachises castaneous, glabrous. Sori

borne along outer margin of pinnules; indusial

flaps lunate, up to 2,5 mm long. Fig. 30: 2.

South West Africa/Namibia, Cape Province, Lesotho,

north-eastern Orange Free State, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ke-

nya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, Ethiopia, Sudan, Nige-

ria, Cameroun, Gough Island, Tristan da Cunha, Madagas-

car and Comoro Islands. Also India, Mexico and South

eva Shaded floors of montane forest, 100—2 600 m.

ap 81.

Vouchers: Pott 4841 (BOL; PRE); Wright, West &

Acocks 26 (BOL; NH; PRE).

7. Adiantum raddianum Pres/, Tent.

Pterid. 158 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm.

Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 158 (1837); Schelpe in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 57 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 113 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 232, t. 165 (1983). Iconotype: Raddi,

Pl. Brazil 1: t. 78 fig. 2 (1825)!.

Rhizome slender, short, creeping, set with

castaneous, broadly lanceolate, entire rhizome-

scales up to 1,5 mm long. Fronds tufted, arch-

ing, thinly herbaceous; stipe castaneous, gla-

brous, up to 300 mm long; lamina broadly

ovate-deltate, up to 250 X 220 mm, 3- to 4-

FILICALES 105

pinnate; ultimate segments obcuneate to trapezi-

form, up to 11 X 8 mm, with filiform petio-

lules, not articulated, outer margins minutely

crenate-serrate, veins ending in sinuses, gla-

brous on both surfaces; rhachis and secondary

rhachises castaneous, glabrous. Sori borne on

outer margins of ultimate segments; indusial

flaps subcircular to reniform, c. 1,5 mm in di-

ameter.

_ Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, S40 Tomé, St

Helena, Mauritius and Ascension Island. A widely culti-

vated apogamous South American species which has es-

caped from cultivation in many tropical localities in Africa.

In our area it has become naturalised on streambanks in

forest between 150 and 1 310 m. Map 82.

Vouchers: Schlieben 7206 (K; PRE); Smook 559

(BOL; NU).

6. PTERIS

Pteris L., Sp. Pl. 1073 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 484 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 45 (1908);

Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 68 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 82 (1958); Alston in

F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 39 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 108 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 152

(1964); Launert in F.S.W.A. 4: 2 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 115 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol.

Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid. 59 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 90 (1977). Lectotype

species: P. longifolia L.

Rhizome erect or shortly to widely creeping, dictyostelic, set with linear to ovate rhizome-

scales sometimes with a dark central stripe. Fronds tufted to widely spaced; lamina thinly herba-

ceous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous, simply pinnate to 4-pinnatif ., rhachis, costae and costules

sometimes spinous; veins free or anastomosing. Sori borne on an almost marginal vein, confluent

into soral lines but not extending to apex of ultimate segments, covered by a continuous indusium

formed from reflexed margin; paraphyses usually present.

A genus of over 250 species, mostly tropical but some in temperate regions also.

la Upper pinnae simple (not pinnatifid), lower pinnae simple or with 1-3 basiscopic lobes:

2a Lower pinnae all simple: cradually-re diced gum. eho ites uae bene ree ee ek eee 1. P. vittata

2b Lowetpinnae wii l-2 baniseagic lobes iss fo Ager vnucecliess Phy tua se pdich co conned ces Clementon se 2. P. cretica

1b Upper and lower pinnae pinnatifid to 3-pinnatifid:

3a Veins abe lonagne at least in more broadly winged parts of costae; fronds widely spaced on a creeping rhizome;

MAP 82.—Adiantum raddianum

basal pinnae ~ as lemeras lapis cent AP watt et vad Geir hala a ase orcareean tus aim sraitusn es xkgiwas-< dain 3. P. buchananii

3b Veins free; fronds tufted on erect to procumbent rhizomes; basal pinnae shorter than lamina:

4a-Sterile:apices of fertile and sterile lobes crenate-dentate....... Mivecicecevistvecinessdecedevastasadececnersvene 4. P. dentata

4b Sterile apices of fertile and sterile lobes entire or subentire:

Sa Costulés aswell ais Costar spimis above va...) 2 cian We ton tias Saale to Te ag. arn Caraeaee hbase bts 5. P. catoptera

SD Omi COS SPINGUS BOVE aac cats arches ate ate aretha obi gid gaediad odie ee awcaninn vs 6. P. friesii

1. Pteris vittata L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1074

(1753); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 59

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 115 (1970); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 90 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 235, t. 53, 167 (1983). Type: China,

Osbeck s.n. (LINN 1246/3, holo.!).

Pycnodoria vittata (L.) Small, Ferns S. E. States 102:

468 (1938).

Pteris longifolia sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 252, t.

125 (1915).

Rhizome creeping, up to 8 mm in diame-

ter, set with linear-lanceolate, attenuate, pale

brown rhizome-scales. Fronds spaced up to 10

mm apart, erect to arching, firmly membra-

nous; stipe pale brown, terete, up to 120 mm

long, glabrous except for numerous scales simi-

FIG. 31.—1, Pteris vittata, frond, x 0,6 (Schelpe 6100). 2, Pteris cretica, part of plant, X 0,6 (Mitchell 561); 2a,

sterile pinna, X 0,6 (Schelpe 4078).

FILICALES

MAP 83.—Pteris vittata

lar to rhizome-scales basally; lamina elliptic-

oblong, up to 1,2 xX 0,4 m, simply pinnate,

tapering towards base; pinnae linear-attenuate,

up to 160 x 14 mm, glabrous, sterile margins

minutely crenate, lower pinnae petiolate, the

upper sessile; veins free; rhachis sulcate, pale

brown, glabrous. Sori in submarginal lines ex-

tending for most of the length of the fertile pin-

nae; indusium membranous, subentire, Fig.

cP ae

Widespread in paleotropical and paleotemperate regions.

Widespread throughout Southern Africa to Angola, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Zaire, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Su-

dan, Ghana, Algeria, Cape Verde Islands, Canary Islands,

Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoro Islands, Zanzibar, Socotra

and Yemen. Also E. India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Malay-

sia, Philippine Islands, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Poly-

nesia, Australia (Hieronymus, 1914). Rock crevices in

shade, from near sea level to 1 600 m. Map 83.

Vouchers: Galpin 8283 (BOL; PRE); Rodin 3885

(BOL; K; S); Schelpe 6100 (BM; BOL).

There is some variation in the shape of the pinnae

among various African populations of this species. Also the

rhachis is smooth in some and slightly muricate in others.

2. Pteris cretica L., Mant. 130 (1767);

Sim, Ferns $. Afr. edn 2: 253, t. 126 (1915):

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 60 (1969); in.

F.Z. Pterid.: 116 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 91

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

236, t. 168 (1983). Type: ?Italy, Arduino s.n.

(LINN 1246/7, holo.!).

Pycnodoria cretica (L.) Small, Ferns Florida 91

(1932).

Pteris serraria Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 65

(1801). Type: Cape Province, Thunberg s.n., Herb. Mon-

tini (S, holo.!).

MAP 84.—Pteris cretica

Rhizome creeping, up to 10 mm in diame-

ter, set with lanceolate, acuminate, entire, con-

colorous, dark brown rhizome-scales c. 3 mm

long. Fronds tufted, erect, often dimorphous,

firmly membranous to chartaceous; stipe stra-

mineous to light brown, shallowly sulcate, gla-

brous, up to 0,65 m long; lamina ovate to del-

tate, mostly pinnate; pinnae and basal pinna-

lobes linear-attenuate, the lower sessile, the up-

per adnate, decurrent, sterile margins of sterile

and fertile pinnae bluntly to sharply serrate-den-

tate, sometimes undulate, sterile pinnae up to

110 X 24 mm, fertile pinnae up to 200 X 9 mm;

veins free; rhachis stramineous, shallowly sul-

cate, glabrous. Sori in marginal lines extending

for most of length of pinnae; indusium linear,

subentire, membranous. Fig. 31: 2.

Cape Province, Lesotho, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe,

Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda,

Zaire, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Ascension Island,

St Helena and Cape Verde Islands. Also Southern Europe.

In Southern Africa P. cretica occurs in the more temperate

forests of the summer rainfal region, usually in the under-

growth of forest or scrub, but also along forest margins,

1 200-2 700 m. Map 84.

Vouchers: Acocks 11603 (NH; PRE); Dieterlen 282

(K; PRE; SAM); Esterhuysen 26072 (BM; BOL); Schelpe

6101 (BM; BOL).

3. Pteris buchananii Bak. ex Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 1: 111, t. 46 (1892); op. cit. edn 2:

259, t. 130 (1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 1: 62 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 120 (1970);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 242, t. 174

(1983). Type: Natal, Inchanga, Buchanan s.n.

(K, lecto.!).

FIG. 32.—1, Pteris buchananii, basal pinna, x 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of part of pinna, X c. 1,8 (Schelpe

4377).

108

FILICALES

Lig

WSs

f part of pinna, X 1,2 (Schelpe 4343).

part of pinna, X 1,8 (Schelpe 5945).

FIG. 33.—1, Pteris dentata, part of frond, < 0,6; la, detail of lower surface o

2, Pteris catoptera, part of frond, < 0,6; 2a, detail of upper surface of part o

FILICALES

MAP 85.—Pteris buchananii

Rhizome widely creeping, c. 10 mm in

diameter, set with sparse, ovate, acute, dark

brown, entire rhizome-scales up to 4,5 xX 3

mm. Fronds widely spaced, herbaceous; stipe

erect, stramineous to brown, glabrous, smooth,

up to | m tall; Jamina ascending, broadly del-

tate, up to 0,5 X 0,5 m, 4-pinnatifid with basal

pinnae nearly as long as lamina and basiscopi-

cally developed; ultimate lobes often slightly

falcate, adnate to rhachis and decurrent, gla-

brous, up to 26 X 5 mm, Sterile lobes and

apices of fertile lobes serrate; costules spinous

ventrally; veins anastomosing only along more

broadly winged parts of costae and costules;

rhachis stramineous, glabrous, smooth but with

a darker channel on upper surface. Indusia

erose, membranous. Fig. 32.

Southern Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Kenya and Tanzania. Sporadic in the wetter forest

regions of Southern Africa, most frequently around conti-

nually moist glades in tall forest, 250-1 200 m. Map 85.

Vouchers: Lawn 2038, 2039 (NH); Schelpe 4334 (BM;

BOL); Wilms 2410 (BM).

4. Pteris dentata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-

Arab. 186 (1775); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

255, t. 129 (1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 1: 64 (1969); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 94

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

239, t. 171 (1983). Type: Yemen, Forsskdl s.n.

(lost); Yemen, Schweinfurth 1402 (C, neo.).

Pteris flabellata Thunb., Prodr. 172 (1800). Pteris

arguta var. flabellata (Thunb.) Mett. ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 76

(1868). Pteris dentata subsp. flabellata (Thunb.) Runemark

in Bot. Notiser 115: 190 (1962); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.:

117 (1970). Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, between

Table Mountain and Lions Head, Thunberg s.n. (UPS,

holo.!; BM—BOL, photo.!).

MAP 86.—Pteris dentata

Rhizome erect to procumbent, up to 10

mm in diameter, set with linear-lanceolate,

atrocastaneous, nitid rhizome-scales up to 5

mm long with sparse, pale, marginal cilia.

Fronds tufted, herbaceous, arching; stipe stra-

mineous, becoming atrocastaneous basally, gla-

brous, up to 0,5 m long; /amina ovate, up to 1

x 0,4 m, usually 3-pinnatifid, basal pinnae

markedly developed basiscopically; middle pin-

nae narrowly oblong, attenuate, deeply pinnati-

fid into decurrent lobes up to 32 x 5 mm, ser-

rate towards the apices, glabrous on both sur-

faces, costa spinous ventrally; veins free; rha-

chis sulcate, stramineous to somewhat

castaneous, glabrous, smooth. Sori in a margi-

nal line extending for most of the length of the

ultimate lobes; indusium erose or subentire,

membranous. Fig. 33:1.

Cape Province, Lesotho, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe,

Malawi, Zaire, Angola, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethio-

pia, Sudan, Fernando Po, Ascension Island, St Helena,

Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues and the Aegean Islands.

Usually found in moist forest undergrowth, but sometimes

occurs in south-western Cape Province in very sheltered

moist ravines, 100-1 700 m. Map 86.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 10040 (BOL; PRE); Fisher 900

(NH; NU; PRE); Schlechter 4600 (BM; BOL; GRA; K;

PRE).

Pteris tremula R. Br. from New Zealand, which has

similarly dentate pinnule apices, has become naturalised in

the Kirstenbosch and Newlands areas of the Cape Penin-

sula. P. tremula differs in having a more divided lamina:

the pinnae more than halfway up the rhachis are 2-pinnati-

fid. In P. dentata usually only the basal 1-3 pairs of pinnae

are 2-pinnatifid.

5. Pteris catoptera Kunze in Linnaea 18:

119 (1844); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 118

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

J LoTR

rl 7 ae

ZG0Rn

Sea os

~ ae | |

eek TT

CCE

MAP 87.—Pteris catoptera

240, t. 172 (1983). Type: Natal, between the

Omfondi and Tugela Rivers, Gueinzius s.n.

(LZ, holo.t; K, lecto.!).

Pteris quadriaurita Retz. subsp. catoptera (Kunze)

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 66 (1969); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 95 (1977).

Pteris biaurita sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 257, t.

127 (1915).

Pteris abrahamii Hieron. in Bot. Jb. 53: 409 (1915).

Type: Natal, Mapumulo near the Umvoti River, Abraham

27 (B, holo. !—BOL, photo.!).

‘Rhizome erect to procumbent, set with lin-

ear-attenuate, atrocastaneous rhizome-scales c.

3,5 mm long with pale ciliate margins. Fronds

tufted herbaceous, arching; stipe stramineous,

tending to castaneous basally, up to 0,9 m long,

smooth or set with slender spines, glabrous ex-

cept for basal scales; Jamina oblong-ovate, up

to 0,9 X 0,6 m, 3-pinnatifid, lower pinnae

much-developed basiscopically; upper pinnae

very narrowly oblong, acute, glabrous on both

surfaces but with spines on costae and costules

above and with or without slender spines on

costae below; ultimate lobes linear to broadly

linear, obtuse, decurrent; veins free; rhachis

sulcate, stramineous, glabrous, smooth or

spiny. Sori in marginal lines; indusium erose,

membranous. Fig. 33: 2.

From eastern Cape Province through Natal, Swaziland

and Transvaal to Zimbabwe, Angola, Mozambique, Zam-

bia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya and Ethiopia. Moist and

variously shaded habitats in forest undergrowth or on forest

margins, 20-1 900 m. Map 87.

Vouchers: Fisher 833 (NH; NU; PRE); Pegler 1553

(PRE); Schelpe 6009 (BOL); 6017 (BOL).

FILICALES

6. Pteris friesii Hieron. in R.E. Fr. in

Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped.

I: 5 (1914); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 118

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

242, t. 173 (1983). Type: Zambia, near Aber-

com, Fries 1220 (UPS, holo.!; B, iso.!-BOL,

photo.!).

Pteris quadriaurita Retz. subsp. friesii (Hieron.) Schelpe

in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 66 (1969); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 96

(1977).

Rhizome erect to procumbent, c. 15 mm in

diameter, set with lanceolate-attenuate rhi-

zome-scales c. 3 mm long with dark central

stripe and pale ciliate-fimbriate borders. Fronds

tufted, erect to arching, chartaceous to coria-

ceous; stipe stramineous to castaneous, up to

0,6 m long, glabrous except for dark brown

scales basally; lamina narrowly ovate-deltate,

up to 0,7 X 0,5 m; upper pinnae narrowly

oblong-attenuate, glabrous on both surfaces but

costae spinous above; ultimate lobes broadly

linear, obtuse, only slightly decurrent, entire,

up to 28 X 5 mm; veins free; rhachis sulcate,

stramineous to castaneous, glabrous, smooth.

Sori in marginal lines; indusia entire, membra-

nous.

Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Zambia, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, Mada-

gascar, Comoro Islands, Mauritius and Seychelles. Under-

growth of scrub and forest, 600-1 750 m. Map 88.

Vouchers: Burke 140 (K); Schiitte 62 (BOL).

MAP 88.—Pteris friesii

FILICALES 111

7. CHEILANTHES

Cheilanthes Swartz, Syn. Fil. 5, 126 (1806); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 40 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in

Mem. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 87 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 136 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2,

Suppl. 43 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 136 (1964); Launert in F.S.W.A. 7: 1 (1969);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 122 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.:

58 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 98 (1977), nom. conserv. Type species: C. micropteris Swartz.

Rhizome erect or shortly creeping, set with lanceolate rhizome-scales, concolorous or with a

dark sclerotic central stripe. Fronds tufted, uniform or rarely dimorphous; stipes terete or sulcate,

castaneous to black, glabrous and nitid or pilose; Jamina herbaceous to coriaceous, 2- to 5-pinnati-

fid, ultimate segments not articul-ated, glabrous, thinly pilose, pilose or tomentose, with or wi-

thout lacerate scales on costae and costules. Sori discrete or linear, borne marginally on vein-

endings, protected by a continuous or discontinuous indusium or by the recurved margin of the

ultimate segments.

As construed here the genus Cheilanthes includes Southern African species previously referred to the genus Notho-

laena R. Br., as well as Doryopteris J. Sm. and the species of Pellaea Link with non-articulated segments. It is a

cosmopolitan genus of terrestrial ferns, usually growing in rather dry, rocky places.

Since going to press the following species from high altitudes of the Drakensberg in eastern Transvaal has been

described: Cheilanthes hyaloglandulosa W. B. G. & N. Jacobsen in S. Afr. J. Bot. 51: 145-148 (1985). It differs from the

widespread C. hirta Swartz (no. 9) mainly by a dense cover of hyaline unicellular globular glands.

la Stipe and/or rhachis terete in cross-section:

2a Rhizome-scales with a castaneous to ebeneous sclerotic central stripe:

3a Lamina tomentose below:

4a Lamina nactowly linear; pinnateto 2-pitinatifid ......00.00+01cdsisceree. on Geb vled avevsedeeree 1.C. rawsonii

4b Lamina ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid:

Sa Lamina decrescent basally; pinnae narrowly deltate to ovate-deltate, set with hairs only ......... 2. C. marlothii

Sb Lamina not decrescent basally; pinnae broadly deltate, set with both hairs and scales........... 3. C. eckloniana

3b Lamina glabrous or pilose below:

6a Lamina clabrous and viscid:on Doth sutfares .as.ccs0s- vias vance asics Mier RR EMEMN cn <n Sores aga gation gees 6. C. parviloba

6b Lamina set with scattered multicellular hairs on both surfaces, not viscid:

7a Rhizome suberect, fronds tufted; lamina herbaceous; most hairs on frond standing at right angles to

SUPT RCs ns.ciias-04'4:5' anda brag trea pth eat gle ah ta cates te Re aca el le, A 9.C. hirta

7b Rhizome long-creeping, fronds spaced; lamina subcoriaceous; most hairs on frond appressed or spread-

ing at an angie-of less dian OOP aiccis+isscvennsncah te Peaeive dete van ee eee let 2 eh 8. C. contracta

2b ‘Riizome-sedles COnCOLOTON Eg. LONER ARE tk scan pie teleen Ha aarisd Aor eee den ow As 4.C. inaequalis

1b Stipe and rhachis sulcate above:

8a Older rhizome-scales with a distinct nitid, castaneous to ebeneous, sclerotic central stripe:

9a Lamina outline pentagonal (basal pinnae nearly as long as or longer than lamina and conspicuously developed

basiscopically):

10a Venation obscure on upper surface:

Lia Lamia Da derrtap ie atti oes 5 20 c4,0 icons barcadens vdeo meee teens hae a a a ols 25. C. concolor

11b Lamina 3- to 5-pinnate:

Ka. Teint 5 Oo 5 xs. den sag abv ah os ee ceettan ros nee oe ead eonsvel aR 20. C. quadripinnata

TZ0. TRC a RCS nck sd mas con ecanadeeen Elin (Mag beast Rat dal cots 21. C. multifida

10b Venation apparent on upper surface:

13a Lamina herbaceous, set with hairs along costae and VEINS ..............ccecceccecceceeceucencescass 24. C. bergiana

USb Fart OPAC IR acsearle a Get Ss ca be ace vs 0 VRE sv vandin'co odin 22. C. pentagona

9b Lamina outline linear, lanceolate, ovate or deltate (basal pinnae much shorter than lamina):

14a Sori discrete; indusium discontinuous:

15a Lamina set with scales (biseriate or DrOAdET) ........5.....c.cococececesesensencserseviscnteccccnsvatevenees 5. C. induta

LSB Teatreaana Lab alia a aerate rete Mc cn Gk schisms xed « doa sgeovie vee vpenaceeosa naan 21. C. multifida

14b Sori linear, marginal; indusium continuous or absent:

16a Indusium absent; lamina outline linear and pinnae divided into three or five pinnules ....... 7. C. depauperata

16b Indusium present; lamina outline lanceolate, ovate or deltate or pinnae pinnatifid or pinnate into numer-

ous segments:

17a Stipe set with numerous scales at maturity:

112 FILICALES

FIG. 34.—1, Cheilanthes rawsonii, part of plant, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of pinna, X 3,6 (Acocks 18023).

2, C. inaequalis var. inaequalis, frond, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of pinnule, X 1,8 (Galpin 9126). 3, C.

inaequalis var. buchananii, part of plant, x 0,6; 3a, detail of lower surface of pinna, X 1,8 (Flanagan 2580).

FILICALES

18a Stipe brown cuits. Laie ahs pen oa

18b Stipe atrocastaneous ...............ceceee eee

17b Stipe glabrous or with few scales at maturity:

113

see Poe elet cl vacate ities cookie monitctarstnare aes 17. C. botswanae

Be uate eR AE ete nue taht: ein phe ae 18. C. involuta

19a Lamina usually 4-pinnate; red-tipped paraphyses present in sorus ..................666 20. C. quadripinnata

19b Lamina 1—3-pinnate; sori non-paraphysate

ey AR een tt 4S "3 7 NAN Are Pe ORE SOREN SOREN, SRE 19. C. viridis

8b Rhizome set with pale concolorous scales only, or with a few striped scales on oldest parts of rhizome, stripe

diffuse:

20a Rhachis winged by lamina:

21a Indusium discrete, lacerate ..............ccceecceeees

21b Indusium continuous, erose or entire:

teats aaa ee OE Me at ODM ION 5,3 ioc esse a'g vk 12. C. capensis

22a Sulcus (groove) of stipe square; under surface of secondary rhachises green................0.0c008 10. C. robusta

22b Sulcus of stipe rounded; under surface of secondary rhachises castaneous

20b Rhachis not winged by lamina:

23a Indusium continuous:

24a Frond set with numerous serrulate scales .......

Re en wanes rials 14. C. deltoidea

dies i Naa AT PE RECA ee oo ack MULAN sa ashanns 16. C. dolomiticola

24b Frond glabrous at maturity or stipe only set with occasional entire scales:

25a Indusium folded under reflexed lamina margin; stipe CastaneOUS ................eceeeeeeeeeee enon 11. C. hastata

25b Indusium not folded under margin; stipe atrocastaneOuS ................ceeeeeese eens ee ones 15. C. namaquensis

23b Indusium discontinuous or discrete:

26a Fronds greater than 100 mm tall; sulcus of stipe square.............:.csscescneceeceececesceseeseascnees 23. C. dinteri

26b Fronds less than 100 mm tall; sulcus of stipe rounded .................scece ee eee ee eee eens ee eeeeneeeen 13. C. kunzei

1. Cheilanthes rawsonii (Pappe) Mett. ex

Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 75 (1868); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 250, t. 180 (1983); N. C. An-

thony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 10, t. 1 (1984).

Type: Cape Province, Namaqualand, on hills

_ between Spektakel and Komaggas, Whitehead

s.n. (BM, holo.!-BOL, photo.!; K!-BOL, mi-

crofiche!:$!).

Notholaena rawsonii Pappe in Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil.

Afr. Austr. 42 (1858); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 220, t. 107

fig. 1 (1915).

Rhizome creeping, c. 2,5 mm in diameter,

set with lanceolate, fimbriate rhizome-scales c.

3 X 0,4 mm with an ebeneous central stripe and

broad paler margins tapering into a long, conco-

lorous, sinuous apex. Fronds erect, subcoria-

ceous, c. 200 mm long; stipe castaneous to atro-

castaneous, terete, tomentose with fine, pale,

multicellular hairs, becoming subglabrous with

age, and set with concolorous, fimbriate scales

of different sizes basally; lamina narrowly lin-

ear, c. 150 X 15 mm, pinnate to 2-pinnatifid,

somewhat decrescent basally; pinnae oblong-

deltate, deeply pinnatifid into rounded oblong

lobes, upper surface pilose, under surface with

thick reddish tomentum; venation obscure; rha-

chis and secondary rhachises castaneous to

atrocastaneous, tomentose with pale, multicel-

lular hairs. Sori discrete, borne at margins of

ultimate segments, elongate, perpendicular to

margin, almost obscured by the tomentum,

exindusiate. Fig. 34:1.

Endemic to southern South West Africa/Namibia and

north-western Cape Province. In rocky areas, c. 1 400 m.

Map 89.

Vouchers: Dinter 6229 (BOL; K; STE); Giess 12854

(NBG; PRE); Hall s.n. (B; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE;

S; US); Pearson 8290 (BOL; STE); Williamson 2559

(BOL).

2. Cheilanthes marlothii (Hieron.)

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 74 (1969); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 103 (1977); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 259, t. 186 (1983); N. C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 17, t. 3

(1984). Type: South West Africa/Namibia,

Okahandja, Dinter 386 (B, lecto.!; BR!; GRA!;

SAM!-BOL, photo. !).

MAP 89.—Cheilanthes rawsonii

114

FILICALES

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FILICALES

Notholaena marlothii Hieron. in Bot. Jb. 46: 384

(1911); Launert in F.S.W.A. 7: 5 (1969).

Rhizome shortly creeping, up to 4 mm in

diameter, set with entire, acuminate, pale ferru-

gineous rhizome-scales c. 3 X 0,3 mm with an

ebeneous central stripe. Fronds erect, herba-

ceous to coriaceous; stipe castaneous, terete,

nitid, tomentose with pale hairs c. 2 mm long,

becoming subglabrous with age, and set with

lanceolate, concolorous pale brown scales c. 3

x 0,3 mm basally; lamina linear-lanceolate, c.

100-300 x 20-50 mm, 2-pinnate to 3-pinnati-

fid, basal pinnae reduced; pinnae lanceolate-

deltate, pinnatifid into unequally deltoid-ob-

long, rounded lobes, upper surface pilose with

white hairs; under surface tomentose with uni-

directional pale to reddish hairs; venation

obscure; rhachis and secondary rhachises te-

rete, atrocastaneous, tomentose with white

hairs up to 2 mm long. Sori discrete, marginal,

elongate, perpendicular to the margin, almost

obscured by the tomentum; indusium subentire,

c.0,1-—0,2 mm wide. Fig. 35: 2.

Angola, South West Africa/Namibia and Transvaal. In

rock crevices and around boulder bases (often dolomite)

usually on south aspect slopes, c. 1 700-2 100 m. Map 90.

Vouchers: Codd 10432 (BOL); Dinter 386 (BR;

SAM); Schelpe 4759 (B; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE; S;

US); Schweickerdt 2125 (BOL; NU; PRE); Steyn 181

(NBG).

3. Cheilanthes eckloniana (Kunze) Mett.

in Abh. senckenb. naturforsch. Ges. 3: 66

(1859), reimpr. in Mett., Farngatt. 5: 22

(1859); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 73

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 125 (1970); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 256, t. 184 (1983);

N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 22, t.

4 (1984). Type: Cape Province, Sneeuwberg,

Drége s.n. (LZ, syn.t; BM, lecto.!; GRA!;

L-BOL, photo. !).

Notholaena eckloniana Kunze in Linnaea 10: 501 (1836);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 222, t. 107 fig. 2 (1915).

Notholaena krebsiana Presl, Tent. Pterid. 224 (1836),

reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 224

(1837), nom. nud.

Rhizome creeping, c. 4 mm in diameter,

set with both concolorous and castaneous- to

ebeneous-striped, serrulate, broadly ovate-lan-

ceolate, attenuate rhizome-scales up to 3 mm

MAP 90.—Cheilanthes marlothii

long. Fronds erect, thinly coriaceous; stipe te-

rete, atrocastaneous, set with pale, attenuate,

lanceolate, fimbriate scales of different sizes,

gradually becoming subglabrous with age, and

set with a mass of concolorous reddish scales

basally; lamina narrowly oblong, acute, up to

110 X 30 mm, not decrescent below, 2-pinnate

to 3-pinnatifid; pinnae deltate; pinna segments

deeply pinnatifid into obtuse lobes, upper sur-

face with wavy fine white matted hairs and be-

coming glabrous with age, under surface

densely tomentose with matted ferrugineous

hairs and set with fimbriate, lanceolate, atten-

uate, concolorous pale brown scales along cos-

tae and costules; venation obscure. Sori margi-

nal, forming an interrupted soral line; indusium

very small, membranous, ciliate or absent. Fig.

Ge i

Widespread throughout Southern Africa as far north as

Zimbabwe and endemic to this area. Usually found on rock

outcrops with a south aspect or well-drained sites, between

1 000 and 2 000 m. Map 91.

Vouchers: Liebenberg 7631 (NBG; PRE); Schelpe

5891 (B; BM; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S; US);

Schelpe 7702 (B; BOL; C; GH; K; M; MO; P; PR; S);

Schlechter 4704 (BM; BOL; GRA; PRE; SAM); Thorncroft

s.n. (BOL; GRA; J; PRE; STE).

4. Cheilanthes inaequalis (Kunze) Mett.

in Abh. senckenb. naturforsch. Ges. 3: 68, t. 3

fig. 4 (1859), reimpr. in Mett., Farngatt. 5: 24,

t. 3, fig. 4 (1859). Type: Transvaal, Magalies-

berg, Burke s.n. (LZ, holo.t; BM!-BOL,

photo. !; K!).

FIG. 35.—1, Cheilanthes eckloniana, part of plant, X 0,6 (Pott 1303); la, lamina scale, x 30. 2, Cheilanthes

marlothii, part of plant, x 0,6 (Oliver & Muller 6471); 2a, lamina hair, X 30.

MAP 91.—Cheilanthes eckloniana

Rhizome short, creeping, c. 5 mm in

diameter, set with linear-lanceolate, attenuate,

entire, concolorous ferrugineous rhizome-

scales up to 14 mm long. Fronds erect, herba-

ceous to coriaceous; stipe terete, atrocasta-

neous, set with pale, multicellular hairs and

with scales similar to rhizome-scales basally;

lamina narrowly oblong to ovate-deltate (del-

tate in juveniles), up to 220 X 110 mm, 2-pin-

natifid towards apex, 3-pinnatifid basally, not

decrescent below; pinnae unequally deltate,

developed basiscopically (especially basal

pair), very deeply pinnatifid into oblong to very

narrowly oblong, subentire crenate or pinnati-

fid, obtuse segments, under surface pilose to

densely tomentose with long 3- to 5-celled

hairs, white at first, becoming ferrugineous

with age, upper surface pilose; venation

obscure. Sori borne around margins of ultimate

segments, discrete but forming a continuous

soral line at maturity; indusium continuous or

irregularly discontinuous, narrow, ciliate,

membranous. Fig. 34: 2 & 3.

Lamina outline generally oblong to ovate-deltate,

lamina 2-pinnatifid; under surface tomentose with

ED A854. :000 x tee ee (a). var. inaequalis

Lamina outline generally pentagonal, lamina 3-pinna-

tifid; under surface pilose with straight hairs

peste bn pitt. Seapren tae, APE oe hea ies (b). var. buchananii

4(a). var. inaequalis.

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 74

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 126, t. 39A (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 103 (1977); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 257, t. 185 a & b (1983);

N.C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 33, t.

5 (1984).

MAP 92.—Cheilanthes inaequalis var. inaequalis

Notholaena inaequalis Kunze, Farnkr. 1: 146, t. 64 fig. 1

(1844); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 221, t. 108 fig. 2 (1915);

Launert in F.S.W.A. 7: 4 (1969).

Notholaena bipinnata (Sim) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

i pro parte (excl. t. 109 fig. 2), non Liebm.

South West Africa/Namibia, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania (Gill & Mwasumbi,

1976); also Guinea, Nigeria, Cameroun and Madagascar

(Tardieu-Blot, 1964). Among rocks in open woodland,

from 460 to 1 850 m in Southern Africa and 2 140 m in

tropical Africa. Map 92. Fig. 34: 2.

Vouchers: Banks 46 (PRE); Codd & Dyer 9103 (BOL;

K; PRE); Dinter 2391 (SAM); Esterhuysen 21483 (BOL;

PRE); Killick 46 (NU).

4(b). var. buchananii (Bak.) Schelpe in

Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41: 211 (1967); in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 75 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 126, t. 39B (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 258, t. 185 c & d (1983); N.C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 38, t. 7

(1984). Type: Natal, Buchanan & McKen 32

(K, lecto.!).

Notholaena buchananii Bak. in Hook. & Bak., Syn. Fil.

373 (1868); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn. 2: 222, t. 108 fig. 1

(1915).

Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Zambia and Tanzania. Amongst rocks in moist positions,

usually under shade, 1 200-2 000 m. Map 93. Fig. 34: 3.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 21491 (BOL); Flanagan 2580

(PRE; SAM); Kluge 732 (PRE); Roux 679 (NBG).

The variety buchananii occurs in more sheltered and

moister localities than the typical variety.

FILICALES

MAP 93.—Cheilanthes inaequalis var. buchananii

5. Cheilanthes induta Kunze in Linnaea

10: 538 (1836); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 232,

t. 91 fig. 1 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 263, t. 188 (1983); N. C. Anthony in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 43, t. 8 (1984). Type:

Cape Province, Sneeuwberg, Drége 8829 (LZ,

holo.t; B, lecto.!-BOL, photo.!).

Myriopteris induta (Kunze) Fée, Gen. Fil. 149, t. 12A

fig. 3 (hairs only) (1852).

Rhizome widely creeping, c. 5 mm in

diameter, set with appressed, attenuate, suben-

tire, ferrugineous rhizome-scales c. 3 X 0,4

mm, with a dark central stripe and a somewhat

fimbriate, attenuate apex. Fronds erect, thinly

coriaceous; stipe castaneous to atrocastaneous,

broadly sulcate, set with both narrow and

broad, scattered, pale concolorous scales c. 2

mm long; lamina broadly lanceolate, c. 250

50 mm, 3-pinnate to 4-pinnatifid, basal pinnae

not reduced, sometimes largest; pinnae and pin-

nules broadly lanceolate to deltate; ultimate

segments deeply pinnatifid into rounded-

oblong, crenate segments, upper surface gla-

brous except for very occasional pale scales,

under surface thickly or thinly tomentose with

long, wavy or straight, pale to ferrugineous

scales; venation obscure; rhachis and second-

ary rhachises sulcate, castaneous to atrocasta-

neous, pilose with pale to ferrugineous scales.

Sori borne around margins of ultimate seg-

ments; indusium discontinuous, subentire,

green or pale membranous, up to 0,5 mm wide.

Restricted to the mountains of north-western, south-

western and southern Cape Province. Around boulder bases

and in rock crevices between 600 and 2 300 m altitude.

Map 94.

MAP 94.—Cheilanthes induta

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 22854 (BOL; PRE); 27200 (B;,

BM; BOL; C; GH; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S); Penzhorn 5905

(PRE); Rourke 1685 (BOL; NBG); Schelpe 1925 (BOL;

PRE).

6. Cheilanthes parviloba (Swartz)

Swartz, Syn. Fil. 128, 331 (1806); Sim, Ferns

S Afepedn 2: 230.4. Tk! figs Zot. LIZ (1915);

W.B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 260, t. 15,

187 (1983); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 11: 48, t. 9 (1984). Type: Cape of Good

Hope, Drége b (S, lecto.!).

Adiantum parvilobum Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2:

85 (1801). Cheilanthes hirta var. parviloba (Swartz) Kunze

in Linnaea 10: 541 (1836).

Rhizome creeping, c. 4 mm in diameter,

set with lanceolate, entire, castaneous rhizome-

scales c. 2 X 0,25 mm with broad, pale brown

borders. Fronds erect to arching, herbaceous to

coriaceous; stipe terete, castaneous, pilose with

patent or appressed, 1- to 3-celled hairs c. 0,5

mm long; /amina ovate-lanceolate, c. 250 x 40

mm, 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid, basal pinnae re-

duced; pinnae lanceolate to narrowly deltate;

pinnules narrowly oblong to narrowly deltate,

c. 5 X 2 mm, pinnatifid into oblong, often

bilobed segments, under surface glabrous, up-

per surface viscid, collecting debris; venation

obscure; rhachis and secondary rhachises

terete, castaneous, set with glandular hairs c.

0,5 mm long. Sori borne at apices of ultimate

lobes, protected by revolute margin of

lamina; indusium absent. Fig. 36: 1.

South West Africa/Namibia and Cape Province; rare in

Natal and Transvaal. Dry rocky slopes and rock crevices on

all aspects, 280—2 570 m altitude. Map 95.

118

FILICALES

FIG. 36.—1, Cheilanthes parviloba, part of plant, x 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of pinna, X 8,1 (Esterhuysen

25872). 2, Cheilanthes depauperata, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of pinna, X 4,2 (Schelpe 5918).

FILICALES

MAP 95.—Cheilanthes parviloba

Vouchers: Cooper 1739 (BM; NH; PRE); Esterhuysen

13946 (BOL; NBG; PRE); Giess 11688 (NBG; PRE;

WIND); Schelpe 4831 (BM; BOL; MO; P; PR); Schlechter

2726 (BM; GRA; PRE).

7. Cheilanthes depauperata Bak. in Ann.

Bot. 5: 210 (1891); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

226, t. 94 fig. 1 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 249, t. 179 (1983); N. C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 56, t. 11

(1984). Type: Cape Province, borders of the

Karroo, Barkly s.n. (K, holo.!-BOL, micro-

fiche!; BOL!, SAM!, ? iso.).

Rhizome creeping, up to 5 mm in diame-

ter, set with appressed, entire, atrocastaneous

rhizome-scales c. 3 X 0,25 mm with pale

brown margins. Fronds tufted, erect, cori-

aceous; stipe shallowly sulcate, castaneous,

appearing viscid; lamina narrowly linear, c.

170 X 14 mm, 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid; pinnae

up to 10 mm long, divided into two 2- or 3-

lobed pinnules and a 3- to 5-lobed terminal pin-

nule; pinnule lobes oblong-lanceolate with cre-

nate, recurved margins, upper surface subgla-

brous, under surface covered with a viscid mass

of matted yellowish hairs; venation obscure;

rhachis sulcate, atrocastaneous, set with short,

white viscid hairs; secondary rhachises terete.

Sori borne beneath the revolute pinnule margin;

indusium absent. Fig. 36: 2.

Endemic to south-western Cape Province. In dry,

rocky areas and in rock crevices, often on north aspect

slopes, c. 500-1 300 m altitude. Map 96.

Vouchers: Schelpe 5918 (B; BM; BOL; C; GH; K; M;

MO; NBG; NU; P; PR; PRE; S; STE); Schlechter 8704

(BM; BOL; BR; GRA; NH; PRE).

MAP 96.—® Cheilanthes depauperata

@ Cheilanthes depauperata and Cheilanthes

depauperata xX Cheilanthes contracta

hybrid

C. depauperata X C. contracta

A putative hybrid between C. depauperata

Bak. and C. contracta (Kunze) Mett. ex Kuhn

(below) has been found at Karoo Poort in the

Ceres District. At this locality the only other

cheilanthoid ferns found were the postulated

parents.

Rhachis flattened or slightly sulcate ven-

trally. Pinnae divided into five or more lobed

pinnules.

South-western Cape Province. Around boulder bases

at foot of north-facing slopes. Known from one large colony

only. Map 96.

Voucher: Schelpe 5924 (B; BOL; C; GH; K; M; MO;

P; PR; PRE; S).

8. Cheilanthes contracta (Kunze) Mett.

ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 70 (1868); N. C. Anthony in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 60, t. 12 (1984). Type:

Cape Province, Zwartkops River, Drége b (LZ,

syn.t; BM, lecto.!; K!; L-BOL, photo.!; S!;

SAM!).

Cheilanthes hirta var. contracta Kunze in Linnaea 10:

539 (1836); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 229, t. 111 fig. 1

(1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 262, t. 66

eh Myriopteris contracta (Kunze) Fée, Gen. Fil. 149

Rhizome creeping, up to 4 mm in diame-

ter, set with appressed, entire, atrocastaneous

rhizome-scales c. 2 X 0,2 mm with narrow,

pale borders and an attenuate, somewhat fim-

briate, pale apex. Fronds spaced, erect, thinly

coriaceous; stipe terete, castaneous to atrocasta-

neous, set with multicellular hairs c. 0,6 mm

120 , FILICALES

Ss a

% INBZZ6

RNC)

i :

FILICALES

MAP 97.—Cheilanthes contracta

long and with scales similar to rhizome-scales

basally; /amina lanceolate, up to 300 X 24 mm,

2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid; pinnae lanceolate to

narrowly deltate, acute, c. 14 mm long; pin-

nules divided into up to 7 lobes, both surfaces

set with scattered multicellular hairs; venation

obscure; rhachis and secondary rhachises

terete, densely pilose with multicellular hairs c.

0,6 mm long. Sori discrete, borne on ultimate

lobes, almost obscured by the revolute margin

and lamina hairs; indusium minute or absent.

Pigs 37: 2:

Endemic to south-western and southern Cape Province

and eastern Transvaal. Around boulder bases, in arid fynbos

and on rocky mountain slopes, often with a north aspect,

between 60 and 1 850 m altitude. Map 97.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 26885 (BM; BOL; GH; MO;

P); Louw 2880 (PRE); Marsh 26 (PRE; STE); Schelpe 5919

(BM; BOL; GH; PR; PRE); Snijman 334 (NBG).

9. Cheilanthes hirta Swartz, Syn. Fil.

128, 329 (1806); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 227,

t. 110 (1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1:

72 (1969); in F.Z. -Pterid,: -124 (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 102 (1977); W. B.G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 261, t. 5 (1983); N. C. An-

thony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 68, t. 14

(1984). Type: Mauritius, Grondal s.n., Herb.

Gastrom (S, lecto.!).

Adiantum hirtum (Swartz) Poir. in Lam., Encycl., Suppl.

1: 142 (1810). Notholaena hirta (Swartz) J. Sm. in J. Bot.,

Lond. 4: 50 (1841). Myriopteris hirta (Swartz) J. Sm.,

Ferns Brit. and Foreign 174 (1866).

121

Adiantum caffrorum Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 85

(1801), non L. f. (1781).

Notholaena capensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 32 (1828).

Type: Cape Province, Uitenhage, Zeyher 275 (B, iso.!—

BOL, photo. !).

Cheilanthes hirta var. intermedia Kunze in Linnaea 10:

539 (1836). Myriopteris intermedia (Kunze) Fée, Mém.

Fam. Foug. 5: 149 (1852). Type: Cape Province, Witber-

gen, Drége c (LZ, syn.t; B, lecto.!-BOL, photo.!; SAM!).

Cheilanthes hirta var. laxa Kunze in Linnaea 10: 540

(1836). Type: Cape Province, near Bokpoort and Nieuwe-

veld, Drége c (LZ, syn.t; B, lecto.!-BOL, photo.!;

L-BOL, photo.!; SAM!).

Cheilanthes glandulosa Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 35 (1858), non Swartz (1817). Type from Griqua-

land, Moffatt.

Cheilanthes nielsii W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

252, t. 182 a & b (1983). Type: Transvaal, farm Goedgele:

gen 194R, Koperkop, Jacobsen 5126 (PRE!).

Rhizome very shortly creeping, c. 5 mm in

diameter, set with pale, ferrugineous concolo-

rous and atrocastaneous-striped, subulate, en-

tire rhizome-scales c. 3,5 X 0,3 mm. Fronds

tufted, erect, herbaceous; stipe terete, casta-

neous to atrocastaneous, pilose with patent mul-

ticellular hairs c. 1 mm long, and set with large,

pale brown, lanceolate scales up to 6 mm long

basally; /amina linear-lanceolate to ovate-ob-

long, up to 340 X 55 mm, 2-pinnate to 3-pinna-

tifid; pinnae narrowly oblong to deltate, adnate

or petiolulate, pinnatifid to pinnate into obtuse,

crenate to pinnatifid lobes, sparsely pubescent

with pale, glandular hairs on both sufaces; ve-

nation obscure; rhachis and costae castaneous

(the latter narrowly winged by, and merging

into, lamina), pilose with patent brownish

hairs. Sori discrete, borne on margins of in-

curved pinnule lobes, minute; indusium minute

or absent. Fig. 37: 1.

Widespread in Southern Africa and also in Angola,

Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Kenya, Mauritius and Madagas-

car. Around boulder bases and in rock crevices, usually on

south aspect slopes, from 250 to 2 600 m altitude. Map 98.

Vouchers: Bacock s.n. (B; BM; BOL; GH; MO; PRE);

Esterhuysen 22962 (BM; BOL: MO; P; PR); Schelpe 5889

(BM; BOL; GH; PR; PRE) ; 5905 (BM; BOL; NBG; PR);

Ward 2131, 2375 (BOL; NPB; NU).

FIG. 37.—1, Cheilanthes hirta, part of plant, x 0,6 (Strey 6167); la, lower surface of pinnule, X 6. 2, Cheilanthes

contracta, part of plant, x 0,6 (Marloth 1924/Snijman 334); 2a, lower surface of pinnule, x 6.

122 | FILICALES

FIG. 38.—1, Cheilanthes kunzei, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe 4859). 2, C. deltoidea, part of plant, x 0,6 (Oliver

& Muller 6426). 3, C. robusta, part of plant, x 0,6 (Acocks 16441). 4, C. hastata, part of plant, x 0,6 (Acocks 22715).

FILICALES

MAP 98.—Cheilanthes hirta

10. Cheilanthes robusta (Kunze) Tryon in

Contr. Gray Herb. Harv. 143: 72 (1942); N. C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 83, t. 15

(1984). Type: Cape Province, Namaqualand

near Goedemanskraal, Drége s.n. (LZ, holo.?;

SAM, lecto.!; BM!; K!-BOL, microfiche!;

NY).

Allosorus robustus Kunze in Linnaea 10: 502 (1836).

Onychium robustum (Kunze) Fée in Mém. Fam. Foug. 5:

132 (1852). Cryptogramma robusta (Kunze) Pappe &

Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr. 32 (1858). Pellaea robusta

(Kunze) Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 147 (1858); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 281, t. 203 (1983). Doryopteris robusta

(Kunze) Diels in Engl., Pflanzenfam. 1, 4: 269 (1899);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 217, t. 105 fig. 3 (1915).

Rhizome creeping, up to 5 mm in diame-

ter, set with ferrugineous, lanceolate, acumi-

nate, entire, concolorous rhizome-scales often

paler in the upper half, and linear, acuminate,

striped rhizome-scales c. 4 mm long. Fronds

erect, coriaceous, up to 100 mm long; stipe

castaneous, glabrous, upper half very shallowly

sulcate; lamina oblong-ovate to narrowly del-

tate, 30-70 X 3-25 mm, 3-pinnatifid; ultimate

segments crowded, narrowly hastate to ovate,

subacute, decurrent, up to 4 X2 mm, glabrous

on both surfaces; venation obscure; rhachis sul-

cate, brown, glabrous. Sori marginal; indusium

linear, green to pale, minutely and irregularly

erose, together with folded margin up to 0,5

mm broad. Fig. 38: 3.

Endemic to Namaqualand and southern South West

Africa/Namibia. On exposed gravelly soils derived from

decomposed granite, up to 770 m. Map 99.

Vouchers: Compton 20670 (BOL; NBG); Moffett 3308

(STE); Schlechter 11218 (BOL; GRA; PRE); Scully 5

(BOL; PRE); Thompson & Le Roux 387 (BOL).

{ @ Saad as

‘ Bh

> pam if

, ¢

? 7

f “|

a ase

rw 1°. 1 20

MAP 99.—Cheilanthes robusta

11. Cheilanthes hastata (L.f.) Kunze in

Linnaea 10: 532 (1836); N. C. Anthony in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 86, t. 16, 17 (1984).

ig Cape of Good Hope (LINN 1252/4,

holo.!).

Adiantum hastatum L.f., Suppl. 447 (1781). Pteris has-

tata (L.f.) Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 69 (1801), non

Thunb. (1800). Allosorus hastatus (L.f.) Presl, Tent. Pte-

rid. 153 (1836). Cassebeera hastata (L.f.) J. Sm. in J.

Bot., Lond. 4: 159 (1841). Pellaea hastata (L.f.) Link, Fil.

Sp. Hort. Berol. 60 (1841); Schelpe in JIS. Afr. Bot. 29: 93

(1963); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 282, t. 62, 204

( ree Platyloma hastata (L.f.) Lowe, Ferns 3: t. 32

(1857).

Adiantum auriculatum Thunb., Prodr. 173 (1800). Pteris

auriculata (Thunb.) Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 69

(1801). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Herb. Thunberg (UPS,

holo. !).

Pteris auriculata Thunb., Prodr. 172 (1800). Cheilanthes

auriculata (Thunb.) Link, Hort. Reg. Bot. Berol. 2: 36

(1833). Allosorus auriculatus (Thunb.) Presl, Tent. Pterid.

153 (1836). Cassebeera auriculata (Thunb.) J. Sm. in Bot.

Mag. 72, Comp. 20 (1846). Pellaea auriculata (Thunb.)

Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 129 (1852); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 199, t. 89 (1915). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Herb.

Thunberg B (UPS, holo.!).

Pteris varia Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 69 (1801).

Type: Cape of Good Hope (Type not found).

Pellaea lancifolia Bak. in J. Bot., Lond. 1874: 199

(1874); in Ann. Bot. 5: 214 (1891); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn

2: 201, t. 91 fig. 2 (1915). Allosorus lancifolius (Bak.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 806 (1891). Type: Cape Province,

Namaqualand, H. Barkly s.n. (K, holo.!; GRA!-BOL,

illustr.!; SAM!).

Rhizome suberect to shortly creeping, up

to 6 mm in diameter, set with lanceolate, acu-

minate, entire, concolorous pale brown rhi-

zome-scales up to 8 mm long. Fronds erect or

arching, herbaceous; stipe castaneous, upper

MAP 100.—Cheilanthes hastata

half sulcate, glabrous at maturity except for a

tuft of pale brown to ferrugineous scales ba-

sally; lamina linear-lanceolate to narrowly el-

liptic, up to 300 mm long and 60 mm broad,

apices of ultimate segments acute or obtuse,

margins crenate; venation obscure in mature

fronds growing in exposed conditions; rhachis

shallowly sulcate, castaneous, glabrous, not

winged by lamina in lower half. Sori marginal,

linear; indusium firmly membranous, often

folded under the revolute, corrugate-crenate

lamina margin, together with margin 0,5-1,5

mm broad. Fig. 38: 4.

Endemic to Cape Province and southern South West

Africa/Namibia. On shaded earth banks, sheltered rock

crevices and under small bushes, 130-1 700 m. Map 100.

Vouchers: Barker 9703 (NBG; STE); Compton 24134

(BOL; NBG): Esterhuysen 17079a (BOL; PRE); Merxmil-

ler & Giess 32238 (PRE; WIND); Schlechter 8205 (BOL;

PRE).

C. hastata exhibits a wide variation in frond dissection

from simply pinnate to deeply 2-pinnatifid. However, varia-

tion is continuous and macromorphologically this taxon

must be considered as a single variable species. In addition

2 different spore types exist, the uniformly reticulate form

previously being referred to var. reticulata Schelpe. Puta-

tive hybrids between C. hastata and C. capensis (Thunb.)

Swartz have also been found.

12. Cheilanthes capensis (Thunb.)

Swartz, Syn. Fil. 128 (1806); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 257, t. 181 (1983); N. C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 96, t. 19

(1984). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Thunberg

s.n. (UPS, holo.!; LD!, ?iso.).

Adiantum capense Thunb., Prodr. 173 (1800). Adiantop-

sis capensis (Thunb.) Fée, Gen. Fil. 145 (1852); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 218, t. 106 fig. 1 (1915). Hypolepis capensis

(Thunb.) Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 71, t. 77C (1852).

FILICALES

MAP 101.—Cheilanthes capensis

Cheilanthes praetexta Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 212 (1824).

Type: Cape of Good Hope, Kaulfuss s.n. (?LE, holo.; E!).

Rhizome creeping, up to 3 mm in diam-

eter, set with entire, lanceolate-acuminate, con-

colorous light brown rhizome-scales c. 4 X 0,7

mm. Fronds erect to arching, herbaceous; stipe

castaneous, nitid, upper half sulcate, glabrous

except for occasional hairs and set with pale

brown scales basally; lamina broadly ovate-del-

tate to trullate, c. 120 X 70 mm, 3-pinnatifid,

basal pinnae largest and developed basiscopi-

cally; pinnae oblong to deltate; ultimate seg-

ments rotund to oblong-deltate, serrate-crenate,

glabrous on both surfaces except for occasional

scales along costae and _ costules;

venation free, obscure above; rhachis and

secondary rhachises_ sulcate, castaneous,

narrowly winged, glabrous except for scattered

piliform scales. Sori discrete, borne on vein-

endings at margin, between marginal crenations

or teeth; indusia discontinuous, erose to lace-

rate, up to 1 mm broad.

Endemic to Southern Africa, confined predominantly

to South-western Cape Province but distributed as far east

as Natal and as far north as the Witputz District of South

West Africa/Namibia. In rock crevices and around boulder

bases, usually on south aspect slopes, 200-1 850 m. Map

101.

Vouchers: Boucher 4424, 4693 (STE); Giess 13042

(PRE; WIND); Pearson 6182, 6633 (BOL); Schelpe 4704,

4709 (BOL); Steyn 220 (NBG).

13. Cheilanthes kunzei Mett., Farngatt.

Do) dg. The Bea bord LIS Orel (1009) oN. Al

thony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 13, t. 21

(1984). Type: Cape Province, Namaqualand,

Zilverfontein, Drége s.n. (LZ, holo. f; B, lec-

to.!-BOL, photo.!).

FILICALES

MAP 102.—Cheilanthes kunzei

Cheilanthes profusa var. minor Kunze in Linnaea 10: 535

(1836). Pellaea hastata var. minor (Kunze) Schelpe in JI S.

Afr. Bot. 35: 133 (1969). Type as above.

Rhizome shortly creeping, c. 2,5 mm in

diameter, often obscured by persistent stipe

bases, set with entire, lanceolate-acuminate,

pale brown concolorous and striped rhizome-

scales c. 3 mm long. Fronds arching, thinly

carnose-coriaceous to herbaceous; stipe casta-

neous, nitid, shorter than lamina, sulcate in up-

per half, glabrous except for a few scales ba-

sally; lamina narrowly to broadly ovate-acute,

pinnate to 3-pinnatifid, lower pinnae reduced;

pinnae ovate to oblong, acute, often adnate

acroscopically; ultimate segments deltate or ob-

long-obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces; vena-

tion obscure; rhachis sulcate, castaneous, not

usually winged except near the apex, sparsely

set with pale scales and multicellular hairs. Sori

borne on vein endings at margins of ultimate

segments, often appearing continuous at matu-

rity; indusium greenish to pale, irregular, c. 0,3

mm in diameter. Fig. 38: 1.

Endemic to southern South West Africa/Namibia and

Namaqualand. Around rocks and in shaded rock crevices,

c. 600-1 000 m. Map 102.

Vouchers: Giess 14610, 14651 (WIND); Schelpe 4859

(B,; BOL; C; GH; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S); Schelpe 8010

(BOL; GH; K; PRE; STE); Williamson 2360 (BOL).

14. Cheilanthes deltoidea Kunze in Lin-

naea 10: 535 (1836); N. C. Anthony in Contr.

Bolus Herb. 11: 109, t. 22 (1984). Type: Cape

Province, Namaqualand, Zilverfontein, Drége

MAP 103.—Cheilanthes deltoidea

s.n. (LZ, holo.t; K, lecto.!-BOL, microfiche!;

B!-BOL, photo.!).

Pellaea deltoidea (Kunze) Bak. in Hook. & Bak., Syn.

Fil. 146 (1868); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 280, t.

201 (1983). Allosorus deltoideus (Kunze) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 2: 806 (1891). Doryopteris deltoidea (Kunze) Diels in

Engl., Pflanzenfam. 1, 4: 269 (1899); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 216, t. 105 fig. 1 (1915).

Doryopteris deltoidea var. laxa Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

217, t. 105 fig. 2 (1915). Type: Cape Province, Namaqua-

land, between O’okiep and Nababeep, Bolus 9463 (PRE,

holo.!-BOL, photo.!; BOL!; K!-BOL, microfiche!).

Rhizome creeping, up to 4 mm in diame-

ter, set with ferrugineous-castaneous, concolo-

rous, lanceolate-attenuate, entire rhizome-

scales c. 3 mm long. Fronds erect, herbaceous

to thinly carnose-coriaceous; stipe sulcate,

slender, castaneous, glabrous; lamina broadly

deltate, 18-100 < 16-110 mm broad, 3-pinna-

tifid (2-pinnatifid in depauperate fronds), basal

pinnae largest and developed basiscopically; u-

timate segments oblong acute in fertile fronds,

obtuse in sterile or partially sterile fronds, gla-

brous; venation obscure; rhachis castaneous,

glabrous, winged for its whole length. Sori lin-

ear; indusium continuous, pale membranous,

minutely erose, c. 0,4 mm broad. Fig. 38: 2.

Endemic to Namaqualand and southern South West

Africa/Namibia. In rock crevices, usually on south aspects,

at altitudes between 140 and 1 200 m. Map 103.

Vouchers: Giess 10337 (WIND); Hugo 2808 (STE);

Pearson 3176 (BOL; PRE); Schelpe 4857, 4873 (B; BOL;

C; GH; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S); Van Jaarsveld 6748

(NBG).

126 FILICALES

He RRA) MARC mH

FILICALES

15. Cheilanthes namaquensis (Bak.)

Schelpe & N.C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

10: 155 (1982); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 11: 115, t.23 (1984). Type: Cape Pro-

vince, Namaqualand, H. Barkly s.n. (K, ho-

lo.!-BOL, microfiche!; GRA; SAM!).

Pellaea namaquensis Bak. in J. Bot., Lond. 1874: 199

(1874); in Ann. Bot. 5: 214 (1891); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn

2: 205, t. 94 fig. 2 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 280, t. 202 (1983). Allosorus namaquensis (Bak.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 806 (1891).

Rhizome creeping, c. 2,5 mm in diameter,

often obscured by persistent stipe bases, set

with dark reddish-castaneous, nitid, lanceolate-

acuminate, entire, concolorous and striped rhi-

zome-scales c. 3,5 mm long. Fronds erect,

thinly carnose-coriaceous, up to 200 mm long;

stipe atrocastaneous to ebeneous, nitid, shal-

lowly sulcate in upper half, often longer than

lamina, set with reddish scales basally and

usually scattered dark scales smaller than rhi-

zome-scales; lamina oblong-ovate to deltate, c.

60 X 25 mm, 3-pinnatifid (4-pinnatifid in larger

specimens); basal pinnae largest, broader basis-

copically, sometimes adnate acroscopically; ul-

timate segments oblong-obtuse to somewhat

hastate, glabrous except for very occasional

scales below; venation obscure; rhachis sulcate,

the sulca rounded in cross-section, not usually

winged by lamina immediately above basal pin-

nae. Sori borne on outer margins of ultimate

segments; indusium greenish to pale, erose, to-

gether with involute margin c. 0,5 mm in diam-

efer, Fig./39: 1.

Endemic to western Cape Province and southern South

West Africa/Namibia. In rock crevices, often on north as-

pect slopes, c. 300-650 m. Map 104.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 26021 (BOL; PRE); Pillans

5976 (BOL); Roux 329 (NBG); Schelpe 4958 (B; BOL; C;

GH; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S$); Schlechter 8278 (BM;

BOL; GRA; PRE).

16. Cheilanthes dolomiticola (Schelpe)

Schelpe & N.C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

10: 155 (1982); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 11: 120, t. 24 (1984). Type: Cape Pro-

vince, Vryburg, Tiger Kloof, Schelpe 5885

(BOL, holo.!; B!; BM!; C!; GH!; K!; M!; MO!;

NBG!; NU!; P!; PR!; PRE!; S!; STE!).

Pellaea dolomiticola Schelpe in J1 S. Afr. Bot. 34; 239,

t. 3 (1968); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 283, t. 12

(1983).

MAP 104.—Cheilanthes namaquensis

Rhizome suberect, c. 4 mm in diameter,

set with pale brown, entire, lanceolate, acumi-

nate rhizome-scales up to 4 X 0,75 mm. Fronds

erect to spreading, thinly coriaceous; stipe sul-

cate, atrocastaneous, nitid, set with pale brown,

entire to serrulate scales up to 4 X 1,2 mm;

lamina broadly elliptic to rotund, up to 85 x 40

mm, 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid, basal pinnae re-

duced and developed basiscopically; pinnae

unequally oblong-ovate, acute, up to 20 x 12

mm, developed basiscopically; pinna segments

usually narrowly to broadly hastate, glabrous or

set with pale brown, serrulate scales along cos-

tules below; venation obscure; rhachis and se-

condary rhachises, sulcate, castaneous, densely

to thinly set with pale brown, lanceolate, acu-

minate, serrulate scales c. 3 mm long. Sori mar-

ginal, linear; indusium green to pale, entire to

erose, up to 0,3 mm broad. Fig. 39: 2.

Endemic to northern Cape Province and Transvaal. C.

dolomiticola appears to be confined to crevices in dolomitic

limestone outcrops at altitudes between 1 200 and 1 900 m.

Map 105.

Vouchers: Acocks 2269 (KMG); Braithwaite 244

(BOL); Fourie 1289 (PRE); Kluge 2385 (PRE); Mogg

22999 (BOL; PRE).

17. Cheilanthes botswanae Schelpe & N.

C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 151

(1982); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

11: 125, t. 26 (1984). Type: Botswana, Ootse

Hills, Mott 292 (BOL, holo.!; GH!; K!; PRE!;

UBLS).

FIG. 39.—1, Cheilanthes namaquensis, part of plant, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of pinnule, x 5,4 (Esterhuy-

sen 26021). 2, C. dolomiticola, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, x 5,4 (Schelpe

5885). 3, C. concolor, part of plant, x 0,6; 3a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X 5,4 (Strey 7158).

MAP 105.—Cheilanthes dolomiticola

Rhizome suberect, c. 4 mm in diameter,

set with lanceolate-acuminate, entire, pale

brown concolorous and ebeneous-striped rhi-

zome-scales c. 3,5 mm long. Fronds tufted,

suberect; stipe sulcate, pale castaneous, densely

set with subulate-acuminate, pale to castaneous

scales up to 3 X 0,3 mm; lamina thinly coria-

ceous, narrowly ovate, up to 120 X 50 mm, 2-

pinnate to 3-pinnatifid, basal pinnae hardly re-

duced and developed basiscopically; pinnae ob-

long-ovate, acute; ultimate segments narrowly

hastate or oblong-acute, glabrous or set with

occasional scales along costules below; vena-

tion free, obscure; rhachis and secondary rha-

chises sulcate, pale castaneous, densely set with

subulate and minute filiform scales. Sori margi-

nal, linear; indusium continuous, pale, suben-

tire, c. 0,4 mm broad. ral eoe wairis

5 ;

hi Sn a ee a

a PREECE

|| HH

[a i i ae

a a

MAP 106.—Cheilanthes botswanae

FILICALES

Known only from south-eastern Botswana and north-

western Transvaal. In dry, rocky areas, c. 1 330 m altitude.

Map 106.

Vouchers: Breyer 18051 (PRE); Krantz sub TRV 762

(PRE); Mott 627 (BOL).

18. Cheilanthes involuta (Swartz)

Schelpe & N.C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

10: 155 (1982). Type: Cape Province, Herb.

Thunberg (UPS, lecto.!-BOL, photo.!).

Lamina outline linear to lanceolate; sulca of stipe

ANG CHACHIS TOUNGE cc. s.seciess cose sees (a). var. involuta

Lamina outline subdeltate; sulca of stipe and

rhachis flat to square.................06. (b). var. obscura

18 (a). var. involuta.

N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus. Herb. 11:

130, t. 27 (1984).

Pteris involuta Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 69

(1801). Allosorus involutus (Swartz) Presl, Tent. Pterid.

153 (1836). Pellaea involuta (Swartz) Bak., Syn. Fil. edn

2: 148 (1874); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 205 pro parte

quoad t. 95 fig. 1 (1915). Preridella involuta (Swartz) Mett.

ex Kuhn in Von Deck., Reisen, Bot. 3, 3: 15 (1879).

Cheilanthes cornuta Kunze in Linnaea 10: 534 (1836).

Type: Klein-Vischrivier, Drége a (LZ,syn.t;BM;

HBG-BOL, photo.!; L).

Cheilanthes hastata forma normalis Kunze in Linnaea

20: 257 (1847). Type: Cape Province, Buffeljaagd River,

Zeyher 4624 (W, holo.; PRE!).

Rhizome shortly creeping, c. 3 mm in

diameter, set with narrowly lanceolate, atten-

uate, entire, pale ferrugineous, concolorous and

occasionally atrocastaneous-striped rhizome-

scales up to 6 mm long. Fronds tufted, erect;

stipe sulcate, atrocastaneous, about as long as

lamina, densely set with patent, subulate, acu-

minate, brown scales up to 3 mm long as well

as minute one- or two-celled hairs; lamina

thinly carnose-coriaceous, linear to lanceolate,

up to 160 x 40 mm, 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid,

basal pinnae usually reduced; pinnae unequally

subdeltate, acute; ultimate segments unequally

oblong-hastate, glabrous ventrally, set with

subulate-acuminate pale scales along costules

below; venation free, obscure; rhachis and se-

condary rhachises sulcate, atrocastaneous, set

with numerous subulate-acuminate and minute

filiform scales. Sori borne along proximal mar-

gins of ultimate segments, linear; indusium con-

tinuous, pale to greenish, up to 0,3 mm broad.

Fig. 40: 1.

FILICALES

MAP 107.—Cheilanthes involuta var. involuta

Southern Cape Province, Transkei and Transvaal, as

well as a single collection from East Africa. On dry, rocky,

shrubby slopes, c. 330 to 1 830 m altitude. Map 107.

Vouchers: Archibald 5766 (BOL); Bredenkamp 424

(PRE); Flanagan 1240 (BOL; PRE; SAM); Rogers 23579

(PRE); Taylor 3622 (BOL; NBG).

18(b). var. obscura (N.C. Anthony) N.C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 136, t.29

_ (1984). Type: Lesotho, Maseru, Devil Moun-

tain, Bowmaker 59 (BOL, holo.!).

Cheilanthes viridis (Forssk.) Swartz var. obscura N. C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 154 (1982), pro parte,

sensu Schelpe, F.Z. Pterid.: 136 (1970).

Pellaea involuta sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:205, pro

‘parte quoad t. 95 fig. 2 (1915).

Pellaea viridis var. involuta sensu Schelpe, F.Z. Pterid.:

136 (1970); sensu W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 287,

t. 205d (1983).

Rhizome creeping, c. 4 mm in diameter,

set with lanceolate-attenuate rhizome-scales,

entire to occasionally minutely serrulate, pale

brown, concolorous and ebeneous-striped rhi-

zome-scales up to 6 mm long. Fronds crowded,

erect to arching; stipe atrocastaneous, about as

long as lamina, flattened or squarely sulcate, set

with lanceolate, acuminate, entire, castaneous

scales, c. 2 mm long, more numerous basally;

lamina thinly carnose-coriaceous, subdeltate, c.

110 X 45 mm, basal pinnae largest and devel-

oped basiscopically; pinnae lanceolate, acute;

ultimate segments ovate-oblong to subhastate,

upper surface glabrous, under surface set with

occasional lanceolate scales along costae; vena-

tion free, obscure; rhachis and secondary rha-

chises sulcate, atrocastaneous, set with scat-

tered lanceolate-attenuate brown scales. Sori

MAP 108.—Cheilanthes involuta var. obscura

borne along proximal margins of ultimate seg-

ments, linear; indusium continuous, pale mem-

branous, suberose, c. 0,2 mm broad.

South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, eastern Cape

Province, Transkei, Lesotho, Orange Free State, Natal and

Transvaal, as well as Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Around

rocky outcrops and boulder bases, from 400 m altitude in

Transkei to 2 930 m in Lesotho. Map 108.

Vouchers: Coetzee 76 (PRE); Dieterlen 637 (PRE;

SAM); Giess 12583 (PRE; WIND); Truter 55 (STE); Van

Jaarsveld 5846 (BOL; NBG).

19. Cheilanthes viridis (Forssk.) Swartz,

Syn. Fil. 127 (1806). Type: Arabia, Forsskal

s.n. (Not found).

la Bases of secondary rhachises and petiolules

pubescent with short, unicellular to multicellular,

patent hairs, sometimes extending to lower

surface of lamina and costule:

2a Lamina 2-pinnate to 4-pinnate, pinnae up to c.

20) eg aM: eng, Nh 5, a5 olen de be x (a). var. viridis

2b Lamina 2- or 3-pinnate, pinnae c. 30 X 15 mm

RARER Ae, tment eee REM se (b). var. macrophylla

lb Secondary rhachises and petiolules glabrous or

set with filiform appressed scales....... (c). var. glauca

19 (a). var. viridis.

N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11:

144, t. 30 (1984).

Pteris viridis Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. cxxiv, 186

(1775). Adiantum viride (Forssk.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 104

(1894). Pteridella viridis (Forssk.) Kuhn in Von Deck.,

Reisen, Bot. 3, 3: 16 (1879). Pellaea viridis (Forssk.)

Prantl in Bot. Jb. 3: 420 (1882); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

207, t. 96 (1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 81

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 133 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 109

Bree W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 284, t. 205a

(1983).

‘i FILICALES

VAAN S

U oe CHK

FILICALES

_ Pteris hastaefolia Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 917

(1818). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Hesse s.n. (LE, holo.—

BOL, photo.!).

Cheilanthes hastata var. canonica Kunze in Linnaea 10:.

532 (1836). Type: Cape Province, Albany, at Glenfilling,

Drége c (LZ, syn. 7; B, lecto.!; L-BOL, photo.!).

Cheilanthes hastata var. stenophylla Kunze in Linnaea

10: a. (1836). Syntypes from Cape Province, Ecklon

(LZF).

Rhizome creeping, c. 5 mm in diameter,

set with lanceolate, attenuate, serrulate, light

brown to ferrugineous, concolorous or ebe-

neous-striped rhizome-scales c. 3 X 0,5 mm.

Fronds closely spaced, arching; stipe sulcate,

castaneous, about as long as lamina, subgla-

-brous at maturity except for scales similar to

rhizome-scales basally; lamina herbaceous to

very thinly coriaceous, broadly linear to lanceo-

late or broadly deltate-pentagonal, up to 500 x

240 mm, dissection variable (2-pinnatifid to 5-

pinnate), basal pinnae usually largest and

sometimes much-developed basiscopically; pin-

nae oblong-deltate, acute; ultimate segments

petiolulate on short pubescent petiolules except

for terminal adnate segments, narrowly hastate,

margins crenate, glabrous on both surfaces or

pubescent below along costae and veins; vena-

tion free, apparent; rhachis and secondary rha-

chises broadly sulcate, castaneous, glabrous or

pubescent with short hairs, always pubescent in

axils. Sori borne in a marginal soral line; indu-

sium continuous, membranous, subentire, c.

0,5 mm broad. Fig. 40: 2.

South West Africa/Namibia, Cape Province, Transkei,

Lesotho, Natal, Swaziland and Transvaal, as well as Zim-

babwe, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, Madagascar, Arabia

and India. Primarily a forest margin fern, but also found in

other semi-shaded habitats, from near sea level in southern

Cape Province to c. 2 000 m altitude in the Natal Drakens-

berg. Map 109.

Vouchers: Dieterlen 546 (NH; NBG; PRE; SAM;

STE); Giess 11273 (WIND); Kruger 1312 (PRE; STE);

Moll 4467 (BOL; NH; PRE); Viljoen 128 (NBG; PRE).

19(b). var. macrophylla (Kunze) Schelpe

& N.C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 155

(1982); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

11: 156, t. 32 (1984). Type: Waterfall near Um-

sikaba, Drége s.n. (LZ, syn.t; K,lecto. -BOL,

microfiche!; B!).

MAP 109.—Cheilanthes viridis var. viridis

Cheilanthes hastata var. macrophylla Kunze in Linnaea

10: 532 (1836). Cheilanthes macrophylla (Kunze) Kunze in

Linnaea 23: 307 (1850). Allosorus hastatus var. macro-

phylla (Kunze) Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr. 30

(1858). Pellaea hastata var. macrophylla (Kunze). Hook.,

Sp. Fil. 146 (1858); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 1: 102 (1892).

Pellaea viridis var. macrophylla (Kunze) Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 208, t. 99 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 285, t. 205b (1983).

Rhizome creeping, c. 5 mm in diameter,

set with lanceolate, attenuate, serrulate, pale

brown to ferrugineous, mostly castaneous- to

ebeneous-striped rhizome-scales c. 3 X 0,75

mm. Fronds crowded or spaced up to 15 mm

apart erect to arching: stipe sulcate, atrocasta-

neous, about as long as lamina, subglabrous

except for scales similar to rhizome-scales ba-

sally; lamina herbaceous to very thinly coria-

ceous, narrowly deltate to pentagonal, c. 320

200 mm, pinnate (in young fronds) to 2-pin-

nate, basal pinnae largest and developed basi-

scopically; pinnae large (c. 80 X 20 mm),

mostly simple, narrowly deltate; ultimate seg-

ments subdeltate, acute, simple or lobed

basally, glabrous on both surfaces or pubescent

below along costae and veins; venation free,

apparent; rhachis and secondary rhachises

broadly sulcate atrocastaneous, glabrous or

pubescent with short hairs, always pubescent in

the axils. Sori borne in a marginal soral line;

indusium continuous, membranous, subentire,

c. 0,5 mm broad. Fig. 41.

FIG. 40.—1, Cheilanthes involuta var. involuta, frond, x 0,6; la, rhizome and stipe bases, x 0,6 (Flanagan 1240).

2, Cheilanthes viridis var. viridis, frond, < 0,6; 2a, stipe base, x 0,6 (Schelpe 4370).

132 | FILICALES

: ta

(

eee 4 ay i? <4 Sa I geo wo

fr SR ae NOOR ARGON

gee ES BSS ISDA AOD

ALIS SAM So, ri f

OAH

eee ee at NMA TER

FILICALES

MAP 110.—Cheilanthes viridis var. macrophylla

Only known from southern Cape Province, Transkei,

Natal, Swaziland and eastern Transvaal. Grows in forest or

bush, between 100 and 2 000 m altitude. Map 110.

Vouchers: Codd & De Winter 146 (PRE); Compton

30082 (PRE); Hardcastle 259 (J; NBG; PRE); Taylor 2520

(BOL; NBG); Ward 2114 (BOL; MO; NH; NU).

19(c). var. glauca (Sim) Schelpe & N.C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 155 (1982);

N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 162,

t. 33 (1984). Type: Cape Province, south-west

of King William’s Town, Sim s.n. (PRE, holo.!

—BOL, photo.!).

Pellaea hastata var. glauca Sim, Kaffrarian Ferns 30, t.

19 (1891). Pellaea viridis var. glauca (Sim) Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 209, t. 97, t. 98 fig. 2 (1915); Schelpe in Contr.

Bolus Herb. 1: 82 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 135 (1970); in

C.F.A.:Pterid.: 110 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 286, t. 205c (1983).

Rhizome creeping, c. 5 mm in diameter,

set with linear-lanceolate, attenuate, closely

serrulate, light brown to ferrugineous, mostly

atrocastaneous-striped rhizome-scales c. 3 X

0,5 mm. Fronds closely spaced, erect to arch-

ing; stipe sulcate, atrocastaneous, longer or

shorter than lamina, set with scattered scales,

more numerous basally; lamina thinly coria-

ceous, narrowly deltate, c. 200 X 80 mm, 2-

pinnate to 4-pinnatifid, basal pinnae usually

only slightly developed basiscopically; pinnae

linear-oblong, acute; ultimate segments ovate-

oblong, obtuse to subacute, glabrous on both

surfaces; venation free, apparent; rhachis and

secondary rhachises atrocastaneous, deeply

MAP 111.—Cheilanthes viridis var. glauca

sulcate, sulca wings castaneous, set with scat-

tered, appressed, filiform scales. Sori borne ina

marginal soral line; indusium continuous, pale

membranous, erose, c. 0,3 mm broad. Fig. 42.

South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, Cape Pro-

vince, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland and Transvaal, as well as

Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zaire, Ruanda, Tanza-

nia, Kenya and Ethiopia. Around rocky outcrops and

boulder bases in shrub- and grassland, from near sea level

along the Natal coast toc. 2 000 m further inland. Map 111.

Vouchers: Codd & Dyer 9106 (PRE); Esterhuysen

20762 (BOL); Giess & Gaff 10984 (PRE; WIND); Smith

2060 (BOL; PRE); Ward 2414 (BOL; NU).

20. Cheilanthes quadripinnata (Forssk. )

Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 74 (1868); N.C. Anthony in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 172, t. 35 (1984). Type:

Yemen, Hadie, Forsskal s.n. (Type lost).

Pteris quadripinnata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. cxxiv,

186 (1775). Allosorus quadripinnatus (Forssk.) Presl, Tent.

Pterid. 154 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss.,

Ser. 4, 5: 154 (1837). Pteridella quadripinnata (Forssk. )

Mett. ex Kuhn in Von Deck., Reisen, Bot. 3, 3: 16 (1879).

Pellaea quadripinnata (Forssk.) Prantl in Bot. Jb. 3: 420

(1882); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 202, t. 192 (1915);

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 81 (1969); F.Z. Pterid.:

133, t. 41 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 288,

t. 206 (1983).

Pteris consobrina Kunze in Linnaea 10: 526 (1836). Pel-

laea consobrina (Kunze) Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 145, t. 117 A

(1858). Allosorus consobrinus (Kunze) Pappe & Raws.,

Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr. 31 (1858). Type: Cape Province,

Witteberg, Drége 8827 (LZ,syn.1; B,lecto.!-BOL, photo.!;

BM!).

Cheilanthes triangula Kunze in Linnaea 10: 536 (1836).

Type: Cape Province, Compasberg, Drége b (LZ, syn. 1;

B, lecto.!-BOL, photo.!; BM!; L-BOL, photo.!).

FIG. 41.—1, Cheilanthes viridis var. macrophylla, frond, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of portion of ultimate

segment, X 7,2 (Ward 2114).

134 FILICALES |

5 ae

TQ)

FILICALES

Cheilanthes atherstonei Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 107 (1852).

Type: Cape Province, Somerset East, Atherstone s.n. (K,

holo.!).

Cheilanthes firma T. Moore in J. Bot., Lond. 5: 225

(1853). Type: Natal, Plant s.n. (BM, holo.!).

Cheilanthes linearis T. Moore in J. Bot., Lond. 5: 226

(1853). Type: Natal, Plant s.n. (BM, holo.!).

Rhizome shortly creeping, up to 6 mm in

diameter, set with narrowly lanceolate, suben-

tire, ferrugineous, concolorous rhizome-scales

up to 5 mm long, mostly with a narrow, scle-

rotic, central stripe. Fronds erect to arching,

thinly carnose-coriaceous; stipe broadly sul-

cate, castaneous, glabrous or set with occasio-

nal narrow scales at first; Jamina narrowly to

broadly hastate-deltate, up to 580 x 400 mm,

3- to 5-pinnate, basal pinnae much-developed

basiscopically; ultimate segments oblong, suba-

cute, 10-20 mm long, subentire when fertile,

margin involute, evidently crenate when sterile,

glabrous on both surfaces; venation free,

obscure except for midvein, or apparent in

shaded specimens; rhachis and secondary rha-

chises sulcate castaneous, glabrous. Sori form-

ing a marginal soral line, with conspicuous red-

tipped paraphyses; indusium continuous, suben-

tire, membranous, c. 0,2 mm broad. Fig. 43.

Cape Province, Transkei, Lesotho, Orange Free State,

Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Cam-

eroun, Madagascar and Comoro Islands. Along forest mar-

gins or around boulder bases in grassland or scrub, c. 600—

3 300 m. Map 112.

MAP 112.—Cheilanthes quadripinnata

135

Vouchers: Cooper 1423 (BM; NH; PRE); Dieterlen 68

(BOL; PRE; STE); Esterhuysen 26791 (BM; BOL; GH;

ie P); Fisher 837 (NH; NU; PRE); Killick 852 (GRA;

» |

21. Cheilanthes miultifida (Swartz)

Swartz, Syn. Fil. 129, 334 (1806); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 231, t. 113 (1915); Schelpe in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 70 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 123 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 100 (1977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 264, t. 189

(1983). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Thunberg

s.n., Herb. Montin (S, lecto.!).

Rhizome short, creeping, c. 4 mm in di-

ameter, set with subulate-attenuate, subentire,

stramineous to somewhat ferrugineous, conco-

lorous rhizome-scales c. 3,5 X 0,4 mm and

others with a central ebeneous stripe. Fronds

tufted, erect to arching, thinly carnose-coria-

ceous; stipe broadly sulcate, castaneous, sub-

glabrous except for lanceolate, pale concolor-

ous and striped scales similar to rhizome-scales

basally; lamina oblong-ovate to somewhat del-

tate, always longer than broad, up to 320 X 280

mm, 4- to 5-pinnatifid, basal pinnae not re-

duced, basiscopically developed; pinnae un-

equally ovate-deltate, acute; pinnules ovate-

lanceolate to deltate, very deeply pinnatifid into

ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenate or pinnatifid

lobes, glabrous on both surfaces; venation

obscure; rhachis and secondary rhachises sul-

cate, castaneous to atrocastaneous, very nar-

rowly winged. Sori discrete, borne around mar-

gins of ultimate segments; indusium pale, entire

to lacerate, c. 0,2-0,8 mm wide. Fig. 44: 1.

Indusium semicircular, entire to erose . (a). subsp. multifida

Indusium deeply lacerate.................. (b). subsp. lacerata

21(a). subsp. multifida.

N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11:

183, t. 37 (1984).

Adiantum multifidum Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 85

(1801).

Adiantum globatum Poir. in Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 1:

144 (1810). Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Table

Mountain, Herb. Jussieu no. 1433 (P, holo.!).

Cheilanthes refracta Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 34 (1858). Type: Cape Province, ‘“‘Griqualand’’

(near Kuruman) (?BM, holo.).

FIG. 42.—1 & 2, Cheilanthes viridis var. glauca, parts of fronds, x 0,6; la & 2a, detail of lower surfaces of ultimate

segments, X 7,2 (Chase 6313).

FILICALES

ES y St 3

oo Ei ‘ SS

ay PARR

Wy ip i ee -

AY FB Meee :

Te a :

\ Z

li]

136

FILICALES

14°

12°

“

MAP 113.—@ Cheilanthes multifida subsp. multifida

@ Cheilanthes multifida subsp. lacerata

Cheilanthes bolusii Bak. in Hook., Ic. Pl. t. 1636 (1886);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 234, t. 106 fig. 2 (1915). Type:

Cape Province, Darling Bridge, Breede River, Bolus 2801

(K, holo.!; BOL!).

Angola, South West Africa/Namibia, Cape Province,

Transkei and Lesotho. On rocky slopes around boulder

bases and in rock crevices, from 180 m in south-western

Cape Province to 2 000 m in South West Africa/Namibia

and Lesotho. Map 113.

Vouchers: Bowmaker 53 (BOL); Esterhuysen 17998

(BOL; MO; NBG; PRE); Giess 11652 (WIND); 11798

(WIND); Schelpe 5892 (BM; BOL; GH; NBG; PR); Steyn

399 (BOL; NBG).

21(b). subsp. lacerata N. C. Anthony &

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 153 (1982);

N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 190,

t. 39 (1984). Type: Transvaal, Mariepskop,

Schweickerdt 2428 (BOL, holo.!).

Cheilanthes multifida var. flexa Kunze in Linnaea 10:

537 (1836). Type: Transkei, near Umsikaba, Drége s.n.

(LZ, holo. f; B, lecto.!-BOL, photo.!; L-BOL, photo.!).

Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania and .Ke-

nya. On rocky slopes around boulder bases and in rock

crevices, from 400 m in Natal to 2 500 m in Transvaal and

Zimbabwe. Map 113.

Vouchers: Codd & Dyer 9043 (BOL; PRE); 9109

(BOL; PRE); Compton 26681 (NBG; PRE); Johnstone 127,

154 (NU); Schelpe 5079 (BOL); Ward 3442 (NPB; NU).

Proceeding northwards from Zimbabwe the indusium

becomes less noticeably lacerate until in Kenya it assumes a

triangular shape.

E37

22. Cheilanthes pentagona Schelpe & N.

C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 152

(1982); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

11: 197, t. 40 (1984). Type: South West Af-

rica/Namibia, Grootfontein, 8 km east from

Otavi, Schelpe 4820 (BOL, holo.!; GH!; K!;

MO!; PRE!).

Rhizome creeping, c. 2,5 mm in diameter,

set with lanceolate, entire, appressed, ferrugi-

neous rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long with a cen-

tral sclerotic stripe. Fronds thinly carnose-

coriaceous, erect to arching; stipe broadly sul-

cate, atrocastaneous, longer than lamina, gla-

brous except for scales similar to rhizome-

scales near base; Jamina hastate-pentagonal, of-

ten broader than long, 5-pinnatifid, basal pin-—

nae largest and conspicuously developed basis-

copically; middle pinnae oblong-ovate, broader

basiscopically; ultimate segments unequally

deltate, obtuse, crenate, glabrous on both sur-

faces; venation apparent on both surfaces; rha-

chis and secondary rhachises sulcate, atrocasta-

neous, narrowly winged by lamina, glabrous.

Sori discrete, borne around margins of ultimate

segments; indusium discontinuous, pale, mem-

branous, semicircular to oblong-deltate, suben-

tire to erose, c. 0,5 mm broad. Fig. 44: 2.

South West Africa/Namibia, Transvaal and Zimba-

bwe. In rock crevices of dolomite, c. 1 650 m. Map 114.

Vouchers: Mogg 34830 (J); Schlechter 4687 (BOL;

GRA; PRE); Schweickerdt 2106 (NU; PRE; WIND); Strey

3813 (PRE); Van Jaarsveld 2034 (NBG).

MAP 114.—Cheilanthes pentagona

FIG. 43.—1, Cheilanthes quadripinnata, frond, x 0,6 (MacOwan sub Bolus 172); la, portion of rhizome with stipe

bases, X 0,6 (Schelpe 5926); 1b, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, < 3,6 (Schelpe 5926).

FILICALES

AYinns Ve SAAN

SEN EO sSO JES x

Stes BO, :

A Ww :

ee ge

Ge ee 2

138

, X 4,8

, X 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of ultimate

detail of lower surface of ultimate segments

FIG. 44.—1, Cheilanthes multifida subsp. multifida, part of plant

(Giess 12555). 3, C. dinteri, frond, < 0,6; 3a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X 4,8 (Merxmiiller 10742).

segments, X 4,8 (Moffett 206). 2, C. pentagona, frond, < 0,6; 2a,

FILICALES

MAP 115.—Cheilanthes dinteri

23. Cheilanthes dinteri Brause in Bot.

Jb. 53: 385 (1915); Launert in F.S.W.A. 7: 2

(1969); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 71

(1969); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 102 (1977); W. B.

G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 266, t. 190

(1983); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

11: 203, t. 42 (1984). Type: South West Afri-

ca/Namibia, Okahandja, Dinter 392 (B, lec-

to.!-BM, photo.!; BM!; BR!; GRA!; PRE!; S;

SAM!-BOL, photo.!).

Rhizome short, erect, up to 4 mm in dia-

meter, set with entire, concolorous, dark ferru-

gineous rhizome-scales c. 3 X 0,1 mm. Fronds

erect, herbaceous to carnose-coriaceous; stipe

sulcate, castaneous, set with scattered narrow,

attenuate, ferrugineous scales; lamina narrowly

ovate-deltate, acute, c. 140 X 50 mm, 2-pin-

nate to 3-pinnatifid (2-pinnatifid in young

plants), basal pinnae usually largest, not con-

spicuously developed basiscopically; pinnae

narrowly deltate; pinnules narrowly deltate to

hastate, pinnatifid into oblong to deltate, shal-

lowly crenate, rounded lobes, glabrous on both

surfaces; venation obscure; rhachis and secon-

dary rhachises sulcate, castaneous, glabrous.

Sori borne at margins of ultimate segments; in-

dusia pale, entire to crenate, 0,1 mm broad or

narrower. Fig. 44: 3.

Endemic to South West Africa/Namibia and southern

Angola. Around boulder bases and in crevices of outcrops

of sandstone, schist and granite, usually with a south as-

pect, at altitudes between 1 200 and 1 800 m. Map 115.

Vouchers: Merxmiiller & Giess 30351 (PRE; WIND);

Pearson 8114 (BOL; STE); Roux 244 (NBG); Schelpe 4776

(B; BM; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE; S; US).

139

24. Cheilanthes bergiana Schlechtd.,

Adumbr. 51 (1832); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 1: 71 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 124 (1970);

W.B. G. Jacobson, Ferns Sthn Afr. 267, t. 191

(1983); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

11: 209, t. 43 (1984). Type: Cape of Good

Hope, Bergius s.n. (?LE, holo.).

Hypolepis bergiana (Schlechtd.) Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 67

(1852); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 238, t. 115 (1915).

Cheilanthes elata Kunze in Linnaea 10: 542 (1836).

Type: Cape Province, Koratra (Karatara), Drége s.n. (LZ,

holo.t; BM, lecto.!; B!-BOL, photo.!).

Rhizome short, erect, up to 10 mm in di-

ameter, set with atrocastaneous, subulate-atten-

uate, subentire rhizome-scales up to 9 mm long

with pale brown margins. Fronds arching, her-

baceous, stipe sulcate, atrocastaneous, densely

pilose with matted multicellular brown hairs up

to 1 mm long; /amina pentagonal, up to 0,3 x

0,28 m, 3-pinnate to 5-pinnatifid, lowest pinnae

almost as long as lamina and much-developed

basiscopically; upper pinnae oblong, acute; ul-

timate segments oblong, obtuse, up to

150 X 70 mm, pinnatifid into decurrent-ob-

long, rounded lobes, set with broad, flattened,

multicellular hairs along costae and veins on

both surfaces; rhachis pilose with matted multi-

cellular hairs. Sori borne on lateral margins of

lobes of ultimate segments, less than 1 mm in

diameter; indusia subentire, membranous.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland, Trans-

vaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zaire, Tanzania

and Madagascar. Confined to deeply shaded habitats among

forest undergrowth, 250-1 800 m. Map 116.

Vouchers: Fisher 800 (NH; NU; PRE); 1009 (BFLU;

NU; PRE); Flanagan 1248 (BOL; PRE; SAM); Schlechter

2375 (BM; GRA; J; K; PRE); Whellan 1507 (BM; BOL;

GH; SRGH).

MAP 116.—Cheilanthes bergiana

MAP 117.—Cheilanthes coucalan

25. Cheilanthes concolor (Langsd. &

Fisch.) R. & A. Tryon in Rhodora 83: 133

(1981); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

11: 217, t. 45 (1984). Type: Marquesas Archi-

a Nucahiva, Langsdorff s.n. (LE, holo.;

Pteris concolor Langsd. & Fisch., Ic. Fil. 19, t. 21

(1810). Pellaea concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Bak. in Mart.,

Fl. Bras. 1: 396 (1870). Allosorus concolor (Langsd. &

Fisch.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 806 (1891). Doryopteris con-

color (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuhn in Von Deck., Reisen, Bot.

eben (1879); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 214, t. 104

Cheilanthes kirkii Hook., Second Cent. t. 81 (1861).

Doryopteris concolor var. kirkii (Hook.) R.E. Fr. in Wiss.

Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped. 1: 4 (1914); Lau-

nert in F.S.W.A. 7: 3 (1969); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 1: 75 (1969) in F.Z. Pterid.: 121, t. 37€ (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 96, t. 17B (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 245, 176a-b (1983). Doryopteris kirkii

(Hook.) Alston in Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 30: 14

(1956). Type: Mozambique, Zambesi River, Kirk s.n. (K,

holo. !—G, photo.).

FILICALES

Doryopteris nicklesii Tardieu-Blot in Notul. Syst. 3: 166

(1948). Doryopteris concolor var. nicklesii (Tardieu-Blot)

Schelpe in Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41: 212 (1967); in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 76 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 121

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 264, t. 176c

(1983). Type: Central African Republic, Ubangui Shari,

Bangui, Nickles 95 (P, holo.).

Rhizome short, procumbent, c. 3 mm in

diameter, set with linear-lanceolate to subulate,

membranous, entire, pale brown rhizome-

scales c. 3 mm long with a central castaneous

stripe. Fronds tufted, suberect, thinly caria-

ceous; stipe sulcate, atrocastaneous, set with

scales similar to but smaller than rhizome-

scales; lamina broadly hastate-pentagonal,

almost as broad as long, basal pinnae largest

and conspicuously developed basiscopically, 3-

pinnatifid; upper pinnae oblong-acuminate, de-

current at the base, pinnatifid into oblong, acute

to acuminate lobes, glabrous on both surfaces;

venation obscure; rhachis and under surface of

costae and larger costules atrocastaneous to

ebeneous, glabrous, Sori marginal, discrete or

continuous; indusia membranous, discontinu-

ous or continuous, c. 0,5 mm broad. Fig. 39: 3.

South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, Cape Pro-

vince, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland and Transvaal; wide-

spread in tropical Africa, Asia, Malaysia, northern Austra-

lia, Pacific Islands and Central and South America (Tryon,

1942). Map 117.

Vouchers: Codd & Dyer 9121 (BOL; PRE); Giess &

Gaff 10969 (PRE; WIND); Rogers 17517 (GRA); Roux 552

(BOL; NBG); Strey 7158 (BOL; NH; NU; PRE).

Intergradation in soral characters does not allow the

distinction of varieties as previously maintained in this

taxon. Instead it can be regarded as a highly variable pan-

tropical species.

8. PELLAEA

Pellaea Link, Fil. Sp. 59 (1841); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 38 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst.

fr. Afr. noire 28: 91 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 153 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 43

(1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 103 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 140 (1964); Launert in

F.S.W.A. 7: 5 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 128 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw.

& Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 61 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 104 (1977), nom. conserv. Type species: P.

atropurpurea (L.) Link (=Pteris atropurpurea L.).

Rhizome usually shortly creeping, solenostelic, set with lanceolate, castaneous to black,

concolorous or dark-striped rhizome-scales. Fronds coriaceous, glabrous, pilose or set with scales;

stipes terete or sulcate; lamina pinnate to 4-pinnate with articulated segments; veins free or anasto-

mosing. Sori submarginal, confluent into a soral line (rarely discrete), usually covered by a

continuous indusium formed from the reflexed margin; paraphyses usually absent.

FILICALES 141

A genus of about 30 species, most of which occur in Southern Africa and South America.

la Ultimate segments oblong or lanceolate:

2a lamviria Simply Pinta tei. scm ke dite PER SEAMED cho 100s oro ien-cgtol eal dosslasrtnotian geet Deel. Mee 5. P. pectiniformis

2b Lamina 2- to 3-pinnate: |

3a Venation free; lamina generally 3-pinnate, the ultimate segments c. 10 X 3mm ............. ce ee ee ee eee 4. P. boivinii

3b Venation anastomosing*; lamina generally 2-pinnate, the ultimate segments c. 40 X 9mm................. 3. P. dura

1b Ultimate segments rotund, ovate or deltate:

4a, Rhizome-scales concolorous ,#edais A DrO WM. .:.<.u By teasaec gd scenelsneale toe ghaid a ain hiv sega dee OM sca ren ee 2.P. rufa

4b Rhizome-scales light brown with a dark central sclerotic stripe:

Sa Stipe.and rhachis teretess.\ aang aM mane oxtewasace

5b Stipe and rhachis sulcate:

6a Pinnules ovate; indusia oblong, discontinuous, membranous, erose

CoeeeeceeeeeeeoeeoeoeeooeoHeOE HE OHO HEC HOSE HEE HOO OEE

eeoeoeeeeoeeee reese vesreeoeoeseoeeeseoeeos

6. P. calomelanos

1. P. pteroides

6b Pinnules rotund to broadly hastate with 3-5 acute to obtuse points; indusium linear, continuous, carnose-

COPACO OMS CMeire EUR eras er Oh cciesyattpnertth oy teks eB Mone « OM as aga onl ima coe tars ame 7.P. leucomelas

* Visible after clearing in aqueous chlorine solution or strong aqueous boiling potassium hydroxide solution.

1. Pellaea pteroides (L.) Prantl in Bot.

Jb. 3: 420 (1882); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

213, t. 103 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 275, t. 198 (1983); N. C. Anthony in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 226, t. 46 (1984). Type:

Cape of Good Hope (LINN 1252/14, holo.!).

Adiantum pteroides L., Mant. 130 (1767). Cheilanthes

pteroides (L.) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 128 (1806). Cassebeera

pteroides (L.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 155, t. 6 fig. 7 (1836).

Adiantopsis pteroides (L.) T. Moore, Ind. Fil. 37 (1857).

Choristosoria pteroides (L.) Mett. ex Kuhn in Von Deck.,

Reisen, Bot. 3, 3: 13 (1879).

Pteris orbiculata Houtt., Nat. Hist. 14: 108, t. 96 fig. 3

(1783). Iconotype: Houttyn, Nat. Hist. 14: 108, t. 96 fig. 3

(1783)!, from the Cape.

Rhizome up to 7 mm in diameter, set with

light brown, lanceolate, attenuate, serrulate rhi-

zome-scales c. 5 mm long with a broad central

atrocastaneous stripe. Fronds erect, coriaceous,

spaced up to 10 mm apart; stipe shallowly sul-

cate, castaneous, set with pale brown concolo-

rous scales, becoming subglabrous with age;

lamina ovate-deltate, up to 300 X 260 mm, 2-to

3-pinnate, basal pinnae largest and developed

basiscopically; ultimate segments narrowly ob-

long to narrowly ovate or oblong-elliptic, acute

to obtuse, minutely crenate, glabrous, up to 30

x 15 mm, articulated to short ebeneous petio-

lules; venation obscure except for midrib; rha-

chis shallowly sulcate, castaneous. Sori margi-

nal, discrete; indusium broadly oblong, obtuse,

membranous, up to 0,6 mm long and broad.

Endemic to south-western Cape Province. On broad

ledges of sandstone or amongst rocks (rarely in the shade of

tall riverine scrub) usually on south aspect slopes, between

300 and 1 730 m altitude. Map 118.

MAP 119.—Pellaea rufa

142 FILICALES

()

«7

OK OQ.

~ \OP

TOR

Sly

“AAO

wg Sj}

>On

o So0 FS

SyPOID

MARZ oe

O dS

FILICALES

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 25650 (BM; BOL); Rodin 3145

(BOL; PRE); Schelpe 1147 (BM; NU); Wolley-Dod 546

(BOL; PRE).

P. pteroides is unusual amongst the cheilanthoid ferns

in having a cheilanthoid sorus together with the habit exhib-

ited by a number of species of Pellaea. It has been assigned

to various genera by different authors and is the type species

of the genus Choristosoria Mett. ex Kuhn.

2. Pellaea rufa A. Tryon in Ann. Mo. bot.

Gdn 42: 101, t. 7 (1955); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 276, t. 199 (1983); N. C. An-

thony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 232, t. 48

(1984). Type: Cape Province, Laingsburg,

Ngaap Kop, Compton 16402 (US, holo.!;

NBG!).

Rhizome widely creeping, c. 2,5 mm in

diameter, set with pale ferrugineous, lanceo-

late, attenuate, concolorous, entire to minutely

serrulate rhizome-scales up to 4 mm long.

Fronds erect, coriaceous, spaced up to 10 mm

apart, stipe subterete, castaneous, becoming

atrocastaneous with age, shorter than lamina,

glabrous except for both broad and hair-like

pale ferrugineous scales basally; lamina nar-

rowly oblong-elliptic, up to 240 x 60 mm, 2-

pinnate or occasionally 3-pinnate, basal pinnae

often reduced; pinnules broadly elliptic to ro-

tund, entire, up to9 X 7 mm, usually purplish

above, green below, glabrous, articulated to

short petiolules; venation obscure; rhachis sub-

terete, castaneous and set with scattered multi-

cellular hairs at first, becoming atrocastaneous

and glabrous with age. Sori linear; indusium

subentire, up to 0,6 mm broad. Fig. 45:1.

Endemic to southern Cape Province. In rock crevices

or shale bank clefts, usually on south aspect slopes,

900-1 150 m. Map 119.

Vouchers: Drége s.n. (BM; K; MO; P; S); Marloth

2117 (BOL; STE); Rodin 3342 (BOL; K; MO; PRE; UC);

Schelpe 4922 (B; BOL; C; GH; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S).

3. Pellaea dura (Willd.) Hook., i Paic2:

139, t. 113 A (1858); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

198, t. 90 (1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 1: 78 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 132 (1970);

in C.F.A. Pterid.: 108 (1977); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 273, t. 196 (1983); N. C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 237, t. 49

(1984). Type: Réunion, Bory s.n., Herb. Will-:

denow no. 19982 (B, holo.!).

MAP 120.—Pellaea dura

Pteris dura Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4, 5: 376 (1819).

Allosorus durus (Willd.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 153 (1836).

Litobrochia dura (Willd.) T. Moore, Ind. Fil. 44 (1857).

Pteridella dura (Willd.) Kuhn in Von Deck., Reisen, Bot. :

3, 3: 14 (1879).

Pteris burkeana Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 213, t. 126B (1858).

Pellaea burkeana (Hook.) Bak. in Hook. & Bak., Syn. Fil.

153 (1867). Pellaeopsis burkeana (Hook.) J. Sm., Hist.

Fil. 290 (1875). Type: Transvaal, Magaliesberg, Burke s.n.

(K, holo.!-BOL, microfiche!).

Rhizome c. 6 mm in diameter, set with

lanceolate-attenuate, nitid, ferrugineous, serru-

late, concolorous and striped rhizome-scales c.

5 mm long. Fronds erect, coriaceous; stipe te-

rete, ebeneous, subglabrous, with a few light

brown scales towards base, usually as long as or

longer than lamina; lamina lanceolate to ovate,

up to 250 X 110 mm, 2-pinnate (simply pinnate

in small fronds); upper pinnae and pinnules of

lower pinnae very narrowly to broadly linear,

entire, obtuse, up to 60 X 11 mm, with cordate

bases articulated to petioles and _petiolules;

veins anastomosing, obscure; rhachis and se-

condary rhachises terete, ebeneous, minutely

pubescent ventrally, glabrous dorsally. Sori

forming a marginal line; indusium continuous,

entire, membranous, c. 0,3 mm broad. Fig. 46:

South West Africa/Namibia, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania,

Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Mauritius and Réunion. Un-

common in Natal and Transvaal, but frequent in eastern

Zimbabwe amongst rocks and on streambanks in woodland

at 900-1 500 m. Map 120.

Vouchers: Buchanan s.n. (BOL); Johnstone 132 (NU);

Mogg 14996 (PRE); Rutherford 124 (WIND),

FIG. 45.—1, Pellaea rufa, part of plant, <x 0,6; 1a, lower surface of pinnule, xX 7,2 (Schelpe 4939). 2, Actiniopteris

radiata, part of plant, x 0,6 (Leach & Bayliss 13278). 3, Actiniopteris dimorpha, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe & Leach

6913).

144 FILICALES

Ness 2

HERRAT MARCH

FILICALES — 145

4. Pellaea boivinii Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 147,

t. 118A (1858); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 204,

t. 93 (1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1:

78 (1969); in F. Z. Pterid.: 131 (1970); W. B.

G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 274, t. 197

(1983); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

11: 243, t. 51 (1984). Type: Madagascar, Nos-

sibe, Boivin s.n. (K, lecto.!-BOL, micro-

fiche!).

Pteris boivinii (Hook.) Bedd., Ferns S. India t. 36

(1865). Allosorus boivinii (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2:

806 (1891).

Rhizome suberect, c. 3 mm in diameter,

set with nitid castaneous to ferrugineous, nar-

rowly lanceolate-attenuate, minutely serrate

rhizome-scales up to 10 mm long with paler yap 121.—Pellaea boivinii

margins. Fronds erect, coriaceous; stipe terete,

atrocastaneous, subglabrous at Soot gM ae

for upper portion which is pubescent above, an 4

concolorous pale brown scales similar to thi- ,,4,2'4¢4 ween sane Ooty. a ne

zome-scales basally; lamina deltate, up to 180 _pectiniformis. ais Eager core

x 140 mm, 3-pinnate, basal pinnae 2-pinnate

and somewhat developed basiscopically; pin- Rhizome creeping, c. 5 mm in diameter,

nules of midpinnae very narrowly oblong- _ set with castaneous, minutely serrulate, lanceo-

ovate, entire, obtuse, glabrous on both sur- — |ate-attenuate rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long, be-

faces, c. 10 X 3 mm with cordate base articu- coming atrocastaneous without paler borders.

lated to petiolules; venation free, obscure; rha- _ Fronds erect, coriaceous; stipe terete, atrocasta-

chis and secondary rhachises terete, atrocasta- neous, thinly pubescent with short appressed

neous, shortly pubescent with multicellular hairs and a few subulate scales, becoming gla-

hairs ventrally, glabrous dorsally. Sori linear; —brous with age; lamina narrowly oblong , up to

indusium continuous, erose to entire, membra- 300 x 90 mm, simply pinnate (basal pinnae

nous, c. 0,3 mm broad. Fig. 47: 2. undivided); pinnae very narrowly linear, ob-

Botswana, Transvaal and Natal, as well as Zimbabwe, tUSe, up to 50 X 1,5 mm, bases cordate, articul-

Zambia, Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoro Islands, Sri ated to short atrocastaneous petiolules, upper

Lanka and southern India. In sheltered cliff crevices and surface glabrous, under surface set with pale

around boulder bases, 1 0O0—1 850 m altitude. Map 121. multicellular hairs along costa; venation

Vouchers: De Joncheere SAC 288 (PRE); Jacobsen Obscure; rhachis terete, atrocastaneous, persis-

4370 (PRE); Theron 1812 (PRE); Wager 31 (PRE). tently thinly villous. Sori linear; indusium con-

5. Pellaea pectiniformis Bak. in Hook. & ma SA erry entire to erose, up

Bak., Syn. Fil. edn 2: 147 (1874); Schelpe in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 77 (1969); in F.Z. Pte- ; Or

rid.: 128 (1970); in'C. PA. Pteridi: 1041977); ueboe, Mocaabiane “Anecln, Zant, Naat Zane

W.B.G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 270, t. 192 Burundi, Tanzania, Gabon, Madagascar and Comoro Is-

(1983); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. lands. In South West Africa/Namibia P. pectiniformis is

11;,247, ¢..52.( 184%, Type: Angola, Serra de only known from sheltered sandstone crevices on the sum-

: , ; : _ mit of the Grosse Waterberg. It is more frequent in

Caen Welwitsch 191 (K, lecto.!; BM!; Transvaal and Zimbabwe among boulders in light shade c.

1 300 m. Map 122.

Pteris pectiniformis Godet ex Mett. in Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 87

(1868), non Goldm. (1843). Pteridella pectiniformis (Bak.) Vouchers: Esterhuysen 21468 (BM; BOL; PRE); Kil-

Kuhn in Von Deck., Reisen, Bot. 3,3: 13 (1879). Allosorus lick 647 (NU); Rutherford 130 (WIND); Schelpe 4797 (BM;

pectiniformis (Bak.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 806 (1891). BOL; MO).

FIG. 46.—1, Pellaea pectiniformis, part of plant, < 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of portion of pinna, x 7,2

(Mitchell 115). 2, Pellaea dura, frond, xX 0,6 (Chase 6230).

FILICALES

h de

Nise

Oo |

v7 lal

=4 AN _

we AAAS

Ye ; NS ) ASS

SS} tp yy, <A TINNO 7

PERG WPAN, I) Wwe

SAO MAS

SANNA yy eS PRUINDSRNS 4h

. PINCRW TI\\ Nee

SST 4G Wes

LEIS INS HW \ “A

\ Ta

< ga

. 2 KA a

We Sy 5) f ‘ie

"a ( Vi

CX o 4

“< \\

: di)

\ P

y S

FILICALES

MAP 122.—Pellaea pectiniformis

6. Pellaea calomelanos (Swartz) Link, Fil.

Sp. Hort. Berol. 51 (1841); Launert in

F.S.W.A. 7: 6 (1969); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus

Herb. 1: 80 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 132, t. 40B

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 108 (1977); W. B.

G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 277, t. 43, 200a

(1983); N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb.

11: 253, t. 53 (1984). Type: Cape Province,

Cape Peninsula, Thunberg s.n. (UPS, lecto.!).

Pteris calomelanos Swartz in J. Bot., Gétt. 1800, 2: 70

(1801). Allosorus calomelanos (Swartz) Presl, Tent. Pterid.

153 (1836). Platyloma calomelanos (Swartz) J. Sm. in Cur-

tis’s bot. Mag. 72 Comp. 21 (1846). Notholaena calomela-

nos (Swartz) Keys., Polypod. Cyath. Herb. Bunge. 29

(1873).

Pellaea hastata sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 211, t.

100 (1915).

Rhizome c. 6 mm in diameter, set with

linear-lanceolate, attenuate, subentire, atrocas-

taneous rhizome-scales up to 10 mm long with

pale brown margins. Fronds erect to arching,

thinly to thickly coriaceous; stipe terete, atro-

castaneous to ebeneous, subglabrous except for

a few scales similar to rhizome-scales basally;

lamina narrowly ovate to ovate or deltate, up to

430 < 250 mm, 3-pinnate; pinnules cordate to

broadly hastate with 3 to 5 acute or obtuse

points, entire, glaucous, articulated to atrocas-

taneous or ebeneous petiolules; venation free,

obscure; rhachis and secondary rhachises

terete, atrocastaneous to ebeneous, with minute

hairs. Sori forming a marginal line; indusium

continuous, entire, pale, c. 0,5 mm broad. Fig.

47:1.

MAP 123.—Pellaea calomelanos

Widespread throughout Southern and tropical Africa,

as well as Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Réunion, north-

east Spain and India. In rocky habitats between 500 and

1 600 m altitude. Map 123.

Vouchers: Codd & Dyer 9107 (BOL; PRE); Dieterlen

67 (PRE; SAM); 638 (PRE; SAM); Fisher 710 (NH; NU;

PRE); Schelpe 4823 (BM; BOL; MO); 5877 (BOL; PRE).

Variety swynnertoniana (Sim) Schelpe of Zimbabwe,

Mozambique and Malawi has much larger pinnules.

7. Pellaea leucomelas (Mett. ex Kuhn)

Bak. in Hook. & Bak., Syn. Fil. edn 2: 478

(1874); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 210 (1915);

N. C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 270,

t. 55 (1984). Type: Cape Province, Breutel s.n.

(LZ, holo. +; B! and BOL!, illustr.).

Pteris leucomelas Mett. ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 83 (1868).

Pteridella leucomelas (Mett. ex Kuhn) Mett. ex Kuhn in

Von Deck., Reisen, Bot. 3,3: 14 (1879). Allosorus leuco-

melas (Mett. ex Kuhn) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2; 806 (1891).

Pellaea calomelanos var. leucomelas sensu W. B. G. Ja-

cobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 279 (1983).

Rhizome shortly creeping, c. 2 mm in

diameter, set with lanceolate-attenuate, casta-

neous-ferrugineous, subentire rhizome-scales c.

4 mm long with a central atrocastaneous stripe.

Fronds erect, coriaceous; stipe broadly sulcate,

dark brown, glabrous except for a tuft of scales

similar to rhizome-scales basally; lamina nar-

rowly ovate-deltate, 2- to 3-pinnate, basal pin-

nae largest; pinnae and pinnules of lower pin-

nae oblong-ovate-acute to broadly hastate, mar-

gin entire, base cordate to truncate, articulated

to short petiolules; venation obscure; rhachis

FIG. 47.—1, Pellaea calomelanos, part of plant, x 0,6 (Mitchell 108). 2, Pellaea boivinii, part of plant, <x 0,6

(Mitchell 216).

148

MAP 124.—Pellaea leucomelas

FILICALES

and secondary rhachises sulcate, dark brown to

atrocastaneous-nitidous, glabrous or set with

scattered minute hairs. Sori borne in a marginal

line under revolute margin; indusium pale, car-

nose-coriaceous, entire, less than 0,2 mm

broad.

Endemic to the southern Cape Province. In rock crev-

ices and around boulder bases, usually on north aspect

slopes, 600—1 000 m. Map 124.

Vouchers: Compton 8583 (NBG): Esterhuysen 22920

(BOL); Levyns 6513 (BOL); 7447 (BOL); 10114 (BOL);

Milewski 18 (BOL); Scharf 1165 (PRE).

9. ACTINIOPTERIS

Actiniopteris Link, Fil. Sp. 79 (1841); Engl, Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 45 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in FI.

Madag. 5, 1: 80 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 44 (1959); Pichi-Sermolli in Webbia

17: 318 (1963); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 149 (1964); Launert in F.S.W.A. 4: 1 (1969);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 136 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.:

63 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 110 (1977). Type species: A. radiata (Swartz) Link (= Asplenium

radiatum Swartz).

Rhizome creeping, set with linear, attenuate, entire rhizome-scales with or without a dark

central stripe. Fronds tufted; stipe usually stramineous; lamina flabellate to obcuneate, dichoto-

mously divided into linear segments, green or glaucous, under surface with or without scales;

fertile fronds usually taller than sterile fronds and sometimes differently dissected; venation free.

Sori borne in a submarginal line; indusia continuous, membranous, entire.

A predominantly African genus of 5 species with 2 extending to India.

L PONG S MEMEO OF VeTy Weakly -CINOU DINE 10.4 chascecajpmacensssuevasiwe col sse'esbileyepnddesseana uv dacdsteesseceveenunces 1. A. radiata

Fronds dimorphic with fertile fronds much taller than sterile fronds..................ccceccececseceecacceceeceecueens 2. A. dimorpha

1. Actiniopteris radiata (Koenig ex

Swartz) Link, Fil. Sp. 80 (1841); Schelpe in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 85 (1969); Launert in

F.S.W.A. 4: 1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.:

138, t. 42C (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 111

(1977); W.B.G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 291,

t. 208 (1983). Type: India, Koenig s.n., Herb.

Montin (S, lecto.!; BM!).

Asplenium radiatum Koenig ex Swartz in J. Bot., Gott.

1800, 2: 50 (1801). Acrostichum radiatum (Koenig ex

Swartz) Poir. in Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 1: 128 (1810). Ac-

ropteris radiata (Koenig ex Swartz) Link, Hort. Berol. 2:

56 (1833). Blechnum radiatum (Koenig ex Swartz) Presl,

Tent. Pterid. 103 (1836). Pteris radiata (Koenig ex Swartz)

Boj., Hort. Maurit. 399 (1837). Actiniopteris australis var.

radiata (Koenig ex Swartz) C. Chr. in Dansk bot. Ark. 7:

125 (1932).

Actiniopteris australis sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

250, t. 34 fig. 2 (1915).

Rhizome c. 4 mm in diameter, set with

rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long with a central

black stripe and pale brown borders, or conco-

lorous. Fronds densely tufted, erect, coria-

ceous, uniform; stipe glaucous to stramineous,

mostly glabrous, becoming castaneous and

bearing a few linear-lanceolate scales basally,

up to 135 mm long; lamina flabellate with a

truncate base, repeatedly dichotomously di-

vided into up to 48 narrow linear segments,

entire except for a sharply dentate apex with

2-6 teeth, margins usually reflexed, upper sur-

face with minute, short hairs, under surface set

with brown, linear-lanceolate, hair-pointed

scales, especially basally; fertile fronds often a

little longer than sterile fronds with lamina shar-

ply declinate when desiccated. Fig. 45: 2.

FILICALES

MAP 125.—Actiniopteris radiata

Widespread throughout Southern Africa, Angola,

Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia,

Ethiopia, Sudan, Nigeria, Togo, Cape Verde Islands, Ma-

dagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Egypt, Yemen, Arabia, Per-

sia, Afghanistan, India and Sri Lanka (Pichi-Sermolli,

1962). Around dry rock outcrops, 500-1 800 m. Map 125.

Vouchers: Brueckner 383 (BOL; NBG; PRE); Dinter

7505 (BOL; PRE); Galpin 1243 (BOL; GRA; NH; PRE;

SAM); Schelpe 4773 (B; BM; BOL; C; K; M; MO; P; PR;

PRE; S).

2. Actiniopteris dimorpha Pichi-Sermolli

in Webbia 17: 18, t. 2a—c (1962); Schelpe in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 85 (1969); in F. Z. Pte-

rid.: 136, t. 42A (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 292, t. 208 (1983). Type: Tan-

zania, Sali, c. 35 km S of Maheye, Ubesi

River, Schlieben 1938 (BM, holo.).

Rhizome c. 5 mm in diameter, set with

rhizome-scales up to 4,5 mm long, some conco-

lorous pale brown, others with a black central

stripe and pale borders. Fronds densely tufted,

erect, coriaceous, dimorphous (sterile fronds

half the length of fertile fronds); stipe glaucous,

aE =

MAP 126.—Actiniopteris dimorpha

mostly glabrous, becoming castaneous and

bearing a few linear, concolorous pale brown

scales basally, up to 190 mm long; lamina fla-

bellate, repeatedly dichotomously divided into

up to 16 linear glaucous segments, declinate

when desiccated, margins usually reflexed, fer-

tile frond segments entire, sterile frond seg-

ments with up to 7 teeth at apex, glabrous ven-

trally but a few persistent, brown, linear, hair-

pointed scales dorsally. Fig. 45: 3.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zam-

bia, Tanzania, Somalia, Sudan, Madagascar and Réunion.

Also Comoro Islands (Pichi-Sermolli, 1962). Common on

granite outcrops. Map 126.

Vouchers: Braithwaite 188 (BOL); De Joncheere s.n.

(BOL); Reynolds sub Moss 20031 (NU).

A. pauciloba Pichi-Sermolli, which similarly exhibits

frond dimorphism and occurs in tropical Africa from Zim-

babwe northwards, can be distinguished from A. dimorpha

by the curved nature of the lower parts of the fertile seg-

ments (above the dichotomies) and by the fact that, al-

though the fertile fronds are much longer and larger than the

sterile fronds, they are similar in shape, and there is usually

only a single tooth at the apex of the sterile segments.

LINDSAEACEAE

Terrestrial or epiphytic plants. Rhizome creeping, protostelic or solenostelic, set with nonpel-

tate rhizome-scales grading into hairs. Fronds tufted or spaced; stipe not articulated, with two C-

shaped vascular strands back to back; lamina pinnate to 2-pinnate (rarely simple); pinnae symmet-

rical to dimidiate, glabrous; venation free or anastomosing, without included veinlets. Sori margi-

nal or submarginal, linear along both margins to oblong only along acroscopic margins of pinnae;

indusium opening outwards; paraphyses absent. Spores trilete, without perispore.

Only one genus is recognized as occurring in continental Africa, as the genus Lindsaea is construed here in the wide

sense. L. ensifolia with linear marginal sori has previously been referred to the genera Schizoloma Fée and Schizolegnia

Alston.

FILICALES 151

LINDSAEA

Lindsaea Dryand. apud J.E. Sm. in Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 413t. 9,4 (1793); Tardieu-

Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 20 (1958); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 139 (1970). Type species: L.

guianensis (Aubl.) Dryand. (=Adiantum guianense Aubl.).

Description as for family.

A pantropic genus of about 200 species with only 2 species in continental Africa.

Lindsaea ensifolia Swartz in J. Bot.,

Gott. 1800, 2: 77 (1801); Schelpe in F. Z. Pte-

rid.: 139, t. 43 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 294, t. 210 (1983). Type: Mau-

ritius (S,?holo.!). |

Schizoloma ensifolia (Swartz) J. Sm. in J. Bot., Lond. 3:

414 (1841); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 130, t. 39 (1915).

Schizolegnia ensifolia (Swartz) Alston in Bolm Soc. brote-

riana, sér. 2, 30: 24 (1956).

Lindsaya membranacea Kunze in Linnaea 18: 121

(1844). Type: Natal, Ogles Bush near Durban, Gueinzius

s.n. (LZ, holo. tf; BM!; S!).

Rhizome slender, c. 1,5 mm in diameter,

set with dark brown, lanceolate, attenuate, en-

tire rhizome-scales up to 2,5 mm long. Fronds

spaced up to 30 mm apart, erect, membranous; ; ae

stipe brown, nitid, up to 360 mm long, glabrous MAP 127.—Lindsaea ensifolia

except for scales similar to rhizome-scales at

the extreme base; lamina up to 450 X 220 mm, * scene. Aika hy

simply pinnate; pinnae very narrowly oblong” —pemy Nal, Mozambique Nigeria, Madagascar, Mauris

obtuse, up to 125 X 15 mm, entire to shallowly from Guinea Bissau, Ghana, Gabon, Fernando Po, East

crenate, glabrous on both surfaces, base un- Africa and tropical Asia. In swampy forested localities, less

equally cuneate; veins anastomosing. Sori lin- _ ftequently on forest streambanks. Map 127.

ear, marginal, up to 0,5 mm broad; indusia lin- Vouchers: Sim s.n. (PRE); Strey 7146 (BOL; NH);

ear, semi-transparent, erose. Fig. 48: 1. Ward 718 (BM; NU).

GRAMMITIDACEAE

Small epiphytic or lithophytic plants with short, erect to widely creeping rhizomes set with

narrow, brown to black rhizome-scales. Stipes not articulated to the rhizome, often with spreading,

multicellular hairs. Lamina simple, pinnatifid, pinnate to 2-pinnatifid, with entire lobes, glabrous

or set with hairs, or rarely with chalky white vesicles; veins simple or forked, not anastomosing.

Sori round to elliptic, exindusiate, superficial. Spores trilete.

Fes GANTT ATI ES SIR oe eA choato cane asd Rohit as Scagede ash ondshes SoliGiuniad Whig Oni vk dx eA Sah aos 1. Grammitis

Fronds: pinnatifid more than haltvdyto midis 2c teed atsaticte oaete G eee ak i Vy ee 2. Xiphopteris

1. GRAMMITIS

Grammitis Swartz in J. Bot., Gott, 1800, 2: 3, 17 (1801); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr.

noire 28: 210 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 71 (1960); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 141 (1970).

Lectotype species: G. marginella (Swartz) Swartz (= Polypodium marginellum Swartz).

Fig. 48.—1, Lindsaea ensifolia, part of plant, x 0,6; 1a detail of portion of fertile margin, x 30 (Strey 7146), 2,

Grammitis poeppigiana, plant < 1,2 (Wicht 148), 3, Xiphopteris flabelliformis, part of plant, x 0,6; 3a, detail of lower

surface of pinnae, X 3,6 (Mitchell 534).

152

FILICALES

_ Small epiphytic or lithophytic plants. Rhizomes shortly creeping or suberect, set with brown

rhizome-scales. Fronds linear to narrowly spathulate, entire to shallowly crenate, glabrous or set

with multicellular hairs, membranous to coriaceous; veins forked, free. Sori round to elongate, ina

row on either side of midrib.

A genus of about 150 species distributed throughout the tropics and southern hemisphere.

Grammitis poeppigiana (Mett.) Pichi-

Sermolli in Webbia 32, 2: 461 (1978); Rourke

& Schelpe in JIS. Afr. Bot. 44: 419 (1978); W.

B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 297, t. 213

(1983). Type: Cape Province, Hottentots Hol-

land, Gueinzius s.n. (LZt); Stellenbosch,

Jonkershoek, Victoria Peak, Esterhuysen 29290

(BOL, neo.!; E!; K!; MO!).

Polypodium poeppigianum Mett., Farngatt. 1: 37 (1875).

Polypodium magellanicum sensu Alston & Schelpe in Jl

S. Afr. Bot. 18: 163, 175 (1952).

Rhizome shortly creeping, set with deltate-

acuminate, membranous, brown rhizome-scales

c. 2 mm long. Fronds closely spaced, sessile;

lamina rounded-oblong, tapering to the base, c.

35 X 4mm, glabrous above, set with scattered

tubular, sometimes branched, unicellular to

multicellular scales below, becoming glabrous

with age; venation obscure, midrib convex be-

low. Sori elongate, up to 2,5 mm long, set in a

line on either side of midrib, each at an angle of

c. 20° to midrib. Fig. 48: 2.

MAP 128.—Grammitis poeppigiana

G. poeppigiana is known only from two peaks in the

south-western Cape Province where it occurs in south as-

pect sandstone crevices at about 1 700 m altitude. Map 128.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 29490 (BOL); Wicht 148 (BM;

OL).

2. XIPHOPTERIS

Xiphopteris Kau/f. in Berl. Jb. Pharm. 21: 35 (1820); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire

38 207 (1953); Alston in F. W. T. A. edn 2, Suppl. 45 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 80

FI (1960); in Fl. Gabon 8: 191 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 324 (1964); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 141

(1970). Lectotype species: X. serrulata (Swartz) Kaulf. (= Acrostichum serrulatum Swartz).

Small epiphytic or lithophytic plants with short, erect to widely creeping rhizomes, set with

brown to grey-brown rhizome-scales. Fronds linear, deeply pinnatifid, glabrous or villous. Sori

1-8 per lobe, round to oval, with or without paraphyses.

A genus of over 200 species distributed throughout the tropics.

Xiphopteris flabelliformis (Poir.) Schelpe

in Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41: 217 (1967);

in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 10 (1969); in F. Z.

Pterid.: 143, t. 44B (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 298, t. 214 (1983). Type: Ré-

union, Commerson s.n., Herb. Jussieu (P,

lecto.).

Polypodium flabelliforme Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 5: 519

(1804). Grammitis flabelliformis (Poir.) Morton in Contr.

U. S. Nat. Herb. 38: 57 (1967).

Rhizome creeping, set with metallic grey-

brown, lanceolate, acuminate rhizome-scales

up to 4 mm long. Fronds spaced, pinnatifid,

subcoriaceous to coriaceous; stipe light brown

to black, very narrowly winged, up to 60 mm

long; /amina linear, up to 210 xX 10 mm, gla-

brous on both surfaces, decrescent below,

pinnatifid to midrib into rounded oblong to qua-

drate lobes up to 6 mm long; venation usually

obscure; midrib black. Sori 1-6 per lobe, intra-

marginal, set with castaneous hair-like para-

physes. Fig. 48: 3.

Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania,

Uganda, Kenya, Cameroun, Fernando Po, Réunion. Al-

though X. flabelliformis occurs most frequently as an epi-

FILICALES F53

phyte on the tropical African mountains it appears to be

confined to rock crevices and ledges in both the mountains’

of eastern Zimbabwe and in the Natal Drakensberg. In the

Drakensberg it only occurs near the summit of the basalt

armen between altitudes of 2 700 and 3 100 m. Map

129,

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 20244, 26086 (BM; BOL);

Schelpe 2000 (BM; BOL; NH; NU; PRE).

The plants found in Southern Africa are generally much

smaller than those from tropical Africa.

MAP 129.—Xiphopteris flabelliformis

POLYPODIACEAE

Epiphytic or less frequently terrestrial plants, with creeping or climbing rhizomes set with

peltate often clathrate rhizome-scales. Fronds simple or pinnatifid to pinnate, often articulated to

the rhizome, venation anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets. Sori round, elongate or

acrostichoid, without or more rarely with paraphyses, exindusiate. Sporangia with long stalks;

spores monolete, without perispore. Gametophytes thalloid, cordate or elongate.

ba Fronds set with numerousste lateness ees 8 00h). «< geietRadopei dubai EMaiedaces Sh aatinaicn ne Metleldmot das 1. Pyrrosia

1b Fronds without stellate hairs:

za Soneloncates Ticats cay tke eRe et oars n Sem So racpnisianletaaierace sea oleae ae Ree 2. Loxogramme

2b Sori round:

3a Fronds simple:

4a Soral paraphyses peltate, conspicuous in yOUN SOFI ..............ccsceccusescuceceuceseucescusescusenensencs 5. Pleopeltis

4b Soral paraphyses absent:

Sa Only costal areoles with included veinlets; epiphyte with long scandent rhizomes............. 6. Microgramma

5b All areoles with included veinlets; lithophytic or terrestrial ................cccccceceeecesecususweuss 7. Microsorium

3b Fronds pinnatifid:

Oa, VIC MO 8 raters ah eile tey a e caer O te o at Sar ee ee 3. Polypodium

6b Veins anastomosing:

7a Soral paraphyses not peltate; mature lamina very deeply pinnatifid ..................ccccceceeeeees 5. Microsorium

7b Soral paraphyses peltate; mature lamina shallowly lobed...............ccccecceceeeececcesuseeeuss 4. X Pleopodium

1. PYRROSIA

Pyrrosia Mirb. in Lam. & Mirb., Hist. Nat. Vég. 3: 471; 5: 91 (1802); Schelpe in JI S. Afr. Bot.

18: 123 (1952); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 224 (1953); Alston in F. W. T. A.

edn 2, Suppl. 46 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 102 (1960); in Fl. Gabon 8: 200 (1964);

in Fl. Camer. 3: 338 (1964); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 146 (1960); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L.

Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 64 (1973); in C. F. A. Pterid.: 114 (1977). Type species: P.

chinensis Mirb.

Rhizome creeping slender, set with non-clathrate rhizome-scales. Fronds simple, entire,

carnose-coriaceous, articulated, covered with stellate hairs — the upper surface becoming glabrous

with age. Sori round, borne in upper half of frond in numerous closely set rows on both sides of

midrib, densely set at first with stellate hairs.

A mainly tropical genus of about 80 species in the Old World.

Stellate hairs on frond with long thin brownish arms; rhizome-scales laciniate ...............::seeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 1. P. africana

Stellate hairs on frond with short flat white arms; rhizome-scales entire ...............ccceeeccceeeeeeeeeeeseees 2. P. schimperiana

FILICALES

154

‘2

}

iL,

\y)

wad

TaN

FILICALES

MAP 130.—Pyrrosia africana

1. Pyrrosia africana (Kunze) Ballard in

Kew Bull. 1937: 349 (1937); Schelpe in JI S.

Afr. Bot. 18: 124 (1952); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 303, t. 36, 218 (1983). Type:

Transkei, between Umtata and Umgazana,

Drége s.n. (LZ, holo.t; BM!; K!; OXF!).

Niphobolus africanus Kunze in Linnaea 10: 501 (1839).

Gyrosorium africanum (Kunze) Presl, Epim. Bot. 140

(1849). Polypodium africanum (Kunze) Mett., Farngatt. 1:

131, t. 3 figs 11, 12 (1857), non Desv. (1827). Cyclophorus

africanus (Kunze) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 197 (1905); Sim, Ferns

S.Afr. edn 2: 283, t. 145 fig. 1 (1915).

Rhizome creeping, 3-4 mm in diameter,

set with dull pale brown, ovate-lanceolate, laci-

niate rhizome-scales up to 8 X 3 mm. Fronds

erect to arching, spaced 2-14 mm apart; stipe

tomentose, becoming glabrous with age, up to

25 mm long; /amina narrowly lanceolate to nar-

rowly oblanceolate, acuminate, 56-300 X

11-30 mm, base narrowly cuneate decurrent,

margin entire, narrowly recurved, lower surface

tomentose with ferrugineous, uniform, stellate

hairs with arms up to 0,9 mm long, upper sur-

face becoming glabrous with age. Sori round,

usually emergent through tomentum. Fig. 49:

Endemic to the south-eastern parts of Southern Africa

where it occurs as an epiphyte, sometimes on cycads, and

also as a lithophyte. From near sea level in eastern Cape

Province to up to 600 m in Natal. Map 130.

Vouchers: D’ Urban s.n. (BOL; K; OXF); Strey 8381,

8583 (BOL; NH); Thode A12576 (NH; PRE).

MAP 131.—Pvyrrosia schimperiana

2. Pyrrosia schimperiana (Mett. ex

Kuhn) Alston in J. Bot., Lond. 72, Suppl. 2: 8

(1934); Schelpe in JIS. Afr. Bot. 18: 128, t. 1

fig. 4, t. 2 fig. 2 (1952); in Contr. Bolus Herb.

1: 90 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 147, t. 45A

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 114 (1977); W. B.

G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 304, t. 220

(1983), as schimperana throughout. Type:

aa Dscha-Dsche, Schimper 1441 (B,

olo.).

Polypodium schimperianum Mett. ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 152:

(1868), as schimperanum. Niphobolus schimperianus

(Mett. ex Kuhn) Giesenh., Niphobolus 112 (1901), as

schimperanus. Cyclophorus schimperianus (Mett. ex Kuhn)

C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 200 (1905), as schimperanus.

Rhizome creeping, c. 2 mm in diameter,

set with brown, ovate-cucullate to lanceolate-

acuminate, entire, rhizome-scales up to 6 mm

long. Fronds spaced up to 10 mm apart, car-

nose-coriaceous; stipe tomentose, becoming

glabrous with age, up to 28 mm long; lamina

linear-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic to oblanceo-

late, acute to acuminate, up to 280 <X 14 mm,

base narrowly cuneate-decurrent, both surfaces

tomentose with grey or greyish brown stellate

hairs with short, flattened arms. Sori emergent

through tomentum. Fig. 49: 2.

Eastern Transvaal, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Angola,

Malawi, Zambia, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethio-

pia, Sudan, Cameroun and Nigeria. Lithophytic on shaded

oulders in eastern Transvaal, but usually found as an

epiphyte in tropical Africa, 400-1 300 m. Map 131.

Vouchers: Van der Schijff 5505 (K); 5638 (BOL).

FIG. 49.—1, Pyrrosia africana, part of plant, < 0,6; la, lamina scale, x 30 (Pegler 303). 2, Pyrrosia schimpe-

riana, part of plant, X 0,6; 2a, lamina scale, X 30 (Schelpe & Leach 7007). 3, Loxogramme lanceolata, part of plant, x

0,6 (Braithwaite 152).

156 FILICALES

2. LOXOGRAMME

Loxogramme (Blume) Presi, Tent. Pterid. 214 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss.,

ser. 4, 5: 214, t. 9 fig. 8 (1837); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 211 (1953); Alston in

F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 48 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 118 (1960); in Fl. Gabon 8:

204 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 342 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 149 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol.

Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 65 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 116 (1977). Lectotype

species: L. lanceolata (Swartz) Presl (= Grammitis lanceolata Swartz).

Rhizome slender, bearing masses of hairy roots and set with greyish, clathrate rhizome-

scales. Fronds simple, usually entire, carnose-coriaceous, glabrous, with immersed, freely anasto-

mosing veins without included veinlets. Sori elongate, set at an angle to midrib, superficial,

without paraphyses.

A genus of about 35 species, mainly Asiatic.

Loxogramme lanceolata (Swartz) Presl,

Tent. Pterid. 215, t. 9 fig. 8 (1936), reimpr. in

Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 215, t. 9

fig. 8 (1837); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1:

94 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 149, t. 48E (1970);

in C.F.A. Pterid.: 116, t. 20Z (1977); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 306, t. 222 (1983).

Type: Herb. Swartz (SBT, lecto.).

Grammitis lanceolata Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2:

18 (1801). Antrophyum lanceolatum (Swartz) Blume, FI.

Jav. Fil. 84, t. 36 (1829). Selliguea lanceolata (Swartz)

Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 177 (1852). Gymnogramma lan-

ceolata (Swartz) Hook., Sp. Fil. 5: 156 (1864).

Polypodium loxogramme Mett. in Abh. senckenb. natur-

forsch. Ges. 2: 112 (1856), reimpr. in Mett., Farngatt. 1:

112 (1857); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 281, t. 146 (1915).

Type: As for Grammitis lanceolata.

Rhizome widely creeping, bearing reddish

brown, hairy roots and set with dark grey

brown, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, pseu-

doserrate rhizome-scales. Fronds spaced up to

50 mm apart; stipe stramineous to purplish

brown, up to 30 mm long; lamina narrowly

elliptic, up to 330 X 28 mm, entire to irregu-

larly sinuate; midrib and veins immersed. Sori

linear, set at an angle of c. 15° to midrib, up to

23 X 2,5 mm at maturity, overlapping for less

than a quarter of their length. Fig. 49: 3.

MAP 132.—Loxogramme lanceolata

Sporadic throughout the montane forests of the east-

erm parts of Southern Africa and northwards to Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Angola, Malawi, Zambia, Zaire, Tanzania,

Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Socotra, Sudan, Cameroun, Ni-

geria, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone,

Sao Tomé, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Mauritius and

Réunion. A low-level epiphyte, or a lithophyte in moist and

very deeply shaded localities, 900-2 500 m. Map 132.

Vouchers: Fisher 807 (NU; PRE); Schweickerdt s.n.

(PRE; STE); Strey 9403 (BOL; NH).

M. G. Price (priv. comm.) has suggested that the spe-

cimen in Herb. Swartz, annotated by Swartz, in SBT should

be designated as the lectotype.

3. POLYPODIUM

Polypodium L., Sp. Pl. 1082 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn. 5: 485 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 50

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 223 (1953); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 158

(1970). Lectotype species: P. vulgare L.

Rhizome creeping, set with very narrowly to broadly lanceolate rhizome-scales. Fronds

spaced, stipitate, articulated, usually pinnatifid, glabrous or paleate; veins free or anastomosing to

form areoles, each with a single included veinlet. Sori round, superficial, without paraphyses.

FILICALES

157

A predominantly northern hemisphere genus of about 75 species with two species in Africa.

Fronds glabrous on bothisurfaces:.: 0.06) .de sat aakves tas dae

Fronds with scattered peltate scales on under surface...........

1. Polypodium vulgare L., Sp. Pl. 2:

1085 (1753); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 270, t.

135 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 317, t. 231 (1983). Type: Europe (Not

found).

Ctenopteris vulgaris (L.) Newm. in Phytologist 2: 276

(1846).

Polypodium vulgare var. eatonii Bak. in Phil. Trans. R.

Soc. 168: 23 (1879). Type: Kerguelen, Eaton s.n. (K,

holo.!).

Rhizome 2-4 mm in diameter, set with lan-

ceolate acuminate, entire, concolorous brown

rhizome-scales up to 5 mm long. Fronds erect,

firmly herbaceous, spaced up to 10 mm apart;

stipe stramineous to pale brown, glabrous,

18-170 mm long; lamina ovate-oblong to nar-

rowly oblong-acute, 30-230 x 22-88 mm, pin-

MAP 134.—Polypodium polypodioides subsp. ecklonii

wpa nee that, Pi Re xh AMOS: Ci errandin erin Bates UR 8 1. P. vulgare

a acc MMR Reto te Rens Rei 2. P. polypodioides subsp. ecklonii

natifid to very near midrib into narrowly oblong

to linear, obtuse to acute, entire (except for re-

gular minute notches) lobes up to 45 X 7 mm,

glabrous on both surfaces; midrib convex on

both surfaces. Sori up to 22 per lobe, placed

about halfway between costa and margin, up to

3 mm in diameter. Fig. 50: 3.

Cape Province, Lesotho and Natal, as well as Kerguelen

Island and northern Europe. Terrestrial; commonly on south

aspect slopes in rocky habitats, 800-2 100 m. Map 133.

Vouchers: Clarkson 132 (BM; NH; NU); Esterhuysen

15079 (BOL; NBG); 25702 (BM; BOL; NBG).

2. Polypodium polypodioides (L.)

Hitchc., Rep. Mo. Bot. Gdn 4: 156 (1893).

Iconotype: Plukenet, Alm. bot. 153 (1696), t.

289 (1694), from Jamaica. Probable holotype:

Herb. Sloane 130, fol. 29 (BM!).

Subsp. ecklonii (Kunze) Schelpe in JI S.

Afr. Bot. 30: 189 (1964); in Contr. Bolus Herb.

1: 103 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 158 (1970);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 318, t. 37,

232 (1983). Type: Transkei, between the Ba-

shee and Kei Rivers, Drége s.n. (LZ, syn.7; B,

lecto.!).

Polypodium ecklonii Kunze in Linnaea 10: 498 (1836).

Polypodium polypodioides sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn

2: 271, t. 136 (1915).

Rhizome c. 1,5 mm in diameter, set with

subulate, entire, brown rhizome-scales with a

dark clathrate area basally, up to 3 mm long.

Fronds usually spaced 10 mm apart; stipe up to

60 mm long, covered at first with ovate to lan-

ceolate scales up to 2 mm long; lamina lanceo-

late-oblong, up to 150 x 55 mm, pinnatifid to

near midrib into linear, entire to slightly sinuate

lobes up to 25 X 4 mm, upper surface glabrous,

lower surface covered with circular to broadly

lanceolate, grey scales up to 1 mm long, witha

dark centre at maturity. Sori submarginal, up to

12 per lobe, usually produced in upper half of

lobe, 1—-1,5 mm in diameter.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi and Tanza-

nia. One of the most common epiphytic ferns in the more

temperate areas of Southern Africa; it can also occur on

lightly shaded mossy boulders in montane forest,

900-1 800 m. Map 134.

Vouchers: Fisher 840 (NH; NU; PRE); Flanagan 831

(GRA; PRE); Marloth 4926 (PRE; STE); Schelpe 6161

(BOL); Schlechter 4451 (BM; BOL; GRA; K; PRE).

FILICALES 159

4. XxPLEOPODIUM

<Pleopodium Schelpe & N. C. Anthony in Bothalia 15: 557 (1985). Type species: Pleopodium

simianum Schelpe & N. C. Anthony.

Rhizome creeping, set with clathrate-striped rhizome-scales. Fronds spaced; lamina irregu-

larly sinuate to pinnatifid, set with peltate scales below; veins anastomosing. Sori oval, without

peltate paraphyses.

A putative intergeneric hybrid between Polypodium L. and Pleopeltis H.B.K. ex Willd. Its distribution range extends

from the eastern Cape Province to Kenya.

<x Pleopodium simianum Schelpe &

N.C. Anthony in Bothalia 15: 557 (1985). Type:

Natal, Lions River District, Everglades, Moll

1263 (BOL, holo.!; PRE).

Polypodium lanceolatum var. sinuatum Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 1: 202, t. 118 (1892); Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 279, t.

143 (1915). Pleopeltis macrocarpa forma sinuata (Sim)

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 96 (1969). Syntypes: Cape

Province, Tsitsikamma, Atherstone (?K), Fordyce Tree,

Holland (NBG!), Boschberg, MacOwan, above Perie Mis-

sion Station, above Evelyn Valley; Natal, Seven Mile Bush,

Upper Umkomaas, on the heights near York, Buchanan.

Rhizome creeping, c. 2-3 mm in diameter,

set with peltate, laciniate-lacerate, ovate-lan-

ceolate, pale rhizome-scales c. 3 X 0,7 mm

with a central black clathrate stripe. Fronds

spaced 20-25 mm apart; stipe set with peltate

rounded to ovate-lanceolate scales, becoming

subglabrous with age; lamina thinly carnose-

coriaceous, c. 140 X 20 mm, lower half sinuate

MAP 135.—x Pleopodium simianum

out. Sori borne in two rows, one on either side

of costa in upper half of lamina, oval, without

to deeply pinnatifid, irregular, segments un-

equally deltate, or elongate segments set at an

angle to costa, upper half subentire to very shal-

lowly sinuate around the sori, set with peltate,

erose, dark-centred scales less than 1 mm long

below, elongate towards costa; veins anasto-

mosing in groups within segments or through-

paraphyses.

Epiphytic in forest and forest marginal scrub from

Cape Province through Natal, Transvaal and Zimbabwe, c.

1 200 m in Southern Africa. Map 135.

Vouchers: Lawson 204 (NU); Moll 1240 (BOL; NU;

PRE); Roux 514 (NBG); Schelpe 6039 (BOL); Schlechter

4452 (BOL).

5. PLEOPELTIS

Pleopeltis H.B.K. ex Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. 5: 211 (1810); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire

28: 216 (1953); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 49 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 109

(1960); in Fl. Camer. 3: 345 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 151 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol.

Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 67 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 118 (1977). Type species:

P. angusta H.B.K.

Rhizome creeping, set with clathrate rhizome-scales. Fronds closely or widely spaced, simple

or entire, membranous or carnose-coriaceous, articulated to rhizome, with or without peltate

scales; veins freely and irregularly anastomosing, with included veinlets. Sori round, protected

when young with prominent peltate paraphyses.

FIG. 50.—1, Pleopeltis schraderi, part of plant, x 0,6; 1a detail of portion of fertile lamina, x 1,8 (Schelpe 7954). 2,

Microgramma lycopodioides, part of plant, X 0,6; 2a, detail of portion of fertile lamina, x 1,8 (Schelpe 5204). 3,

Polypodium vulgare subsp. ecklonii, plant, < 0,6; 3a, detail of portion of fertile lamina, x 3,6 (Blom 3/5).

160

A temperate and tropical genus of about 40 species.

FILICALES

la Under surface of frond glabrous, or with a few scales along midrib:

2a Fronds membranous, deciduous; rhizome-scales CONCOIOFOUS .............ccecceeecceesccceucceecscceeceeeuecs 3. P. excavata ©

2b Fronds carnose-coriaceous, persistent; rhizome-scales with a prominent black central stripe ............. 2. P. schraderi

tb. Under surtaceiof frond withimumerous lacerate peltate SCALES ois. ..0 ces suaatae sand naaredaeces®aaaie’ avian os 1. P. macrocarpa

1. Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Bory ex

Willd.) Kaulf. in Berl. Jb. Pharm. 21: 41

(1820); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 95

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 152, t. 45B (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 119 (1977); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 309, t. 225 (1983). Type:

Réunion, Bory s.n., Herb. Willdenow no.

19629 (B, holo.!).

Polypodium macrocarpum Bory ex Willd. in L., Sp. Pl.

edn 4, 5: 127 (1810). Drynaria macrocarpa (Bory ex

Willd.) Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 270 (1852).

Polypodium lanceolatum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1082 (1753);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 278, t. 142 (1915), non Pleopeltis

lanceolata Kaulf. (1824). Iconotype: Petiver, Pteridogra-

phia Americana t. 6 fig. 2 (1712)!, from San Domingo.

Polypodium adspersum Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818:

915 (1818). Type: Cape Province, Hesse s.n. (LE, holo. !—

BOL, photo.!).

Pleopeltis ensifolia Carm. ex Hook., Exot. Fl. 1: t. 62

(1823). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Carmichael s.n. (K,

holo.!).

Polypodium lepidotum Willd. ex Schlechtd., Adumbr.

17, t. 8 (1825). Pleopeltis lepidota (Willd. ex Schlechtd.)

Presl, Tent. Pterid. 193 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm.

Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 193 (1837). Drynaria lepidota

(Willd. ex Schlechtd.) Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 270

(1852). Type: Cape Peninsula, Thouars s.n., Herb. Will-

denow no. 19612 (B, holo.!).

Pleopeltis kaulfussiana Presl, Tent. Pterid. 193 (1836),

nom. illeg.

Rhizome widely creeping, c. 2 mm in dia-

meter, set with lanceolate-acuminate, brown

rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long with a dark central

stripe and pale laciniate-lacerate margins.

Fronds spaced up to 25 mm apart, coriaceous,

stipitate; stipe grey brown at maturity, up to 80

mm long, set with occasional small pale, circu-

lar to lanceolate scales with dark centre; lamina

narrowly elliptic, up to 200 X 17 mm, entire,

upper surface glabrous, lower surface set with

numerous pale, circular to lanceolate, minutely

erose-lacerate scales less than 1 mm in diameter

with dark centres. Sori oval, up to 4 mm in

diameter, in a line on either side of midrib in

upper half of lamina.

From south-western Cape Province and Transkei

through Lesotho, Natal, Swaziland and Transvaal to the

African tropics as far north as Cameroun and Ethiopia, as

well as Fernando Po, St Helena, Madagascar and Réunion.

Also recorded from tropical America, southern Chile, Juan

MAP 136.—Pleopeltis macrocarpa

Fernandez, Tristan da Cunha, India and Hawaii by Chris-

tensen (1906). One of the most common epiphytic and

lithophytic ferns in the forests and forest marginal scrub in

Southern Africa, 100-2 000 m and 2 400 m in tropical

Africa. Map 136.

Vouchers: Dieterlen 812 (K; NH; PRE; SAM); Flana-

gan 832 (GRA; PRE; SAM); Hutchinson 15 (BOL; K;

PRE); Schlechter 4452 (BOL; GRA; PRE); 6936 (BM;

GRA; K; PRE; S; SAM).

2. Pleopeltis schraderi (Mett.) Tardieu-

Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 110 (1960); Schelpe in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 96 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 152 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 308, t. 224 (1985). Type: Cape Pro-

vince, ? near Grahamstown, Hesse s.n. (LE,

holo.!).

Polypodium schraderi Mett. in Abh. senckenb. natur-

forsch. Ges. 2: 98, t. 2 fig. 11 (1856), reimpr. in Mett.,

Farngatt. 1: 98, t. 2 fig. 11 (1857). Niphobolus schraderi

(Mett.) Keys., Polypod. Cyath. Herb. Bunge 39 (1873).

Lepisorus schraderi (Mett.) Ching in Bull. Fan Memor.

Inst. Biol., Bot. 4: 51 (1933). Polypodium lineare var.

eects (Mett.) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 276, t. 140

(1915).

Polypodium elongatum Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818:

915 (1818). Phymatodes elongata (Schrad.) Pappe &

Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr. 41 (1858), non Ait. (1789).

Type: Cape Province, Hesse s.n. (LE, holo.—BOL,

photo.!).

Polypodium gueinzii Mett. in Abh. senckenb. natur-

forsch. Ges. 2: 91, t. 3 figs 18, 19 (1856), reimpr. in Mett.,

Farngatt. 1: $1, t. 3 figs 18, 19 (1857), as gueintzii. Lepiso-

rus gueinzii (Mett.) Ching in Bull. Fan Memor. Inst. Biol.,

Bot. 4: 51 (1933), as gueintzii. Type: Natal, Gueinzius s.n.

(LZ, holo. f;S, ? iso.!).

FILICALES

MAP 137.—Pleopeltis schraderi

Rhizome c. 2 mm in diameter, set with

broadly ovate-acuminate, black, clathrate rhi-

zome-scales with a black central stripe extend-

ing to apex. Fronds spaced up to 10 mm apart,

carnose-coriaceous, shortly stipitate; stipe stra-

mineous, glabrous, up to 23 mm long; lamina

very narrowly elliptic, acuminate, up to 330 x

23 mm, base very narrowly cuneate, glabrous

on both surfaces at maturity. Sori round to oval,

in a line on either side of midrib in upper half of

lamina, up to 6 mm in diameter. Fig. 50: 1.

From southern Cape Province through Transkei, Natal,

Swaziland and Transvaal, to Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

‘Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Madagascar and Mau--

ritius. Usually a low-level epiphyte or growing on mossy ©

boulders in shade in forest, but it may also occur in shel-

tered rock crevices or screes outside forest, from 260—2 300

m. Map 137.

Vouchers: Schelpe 6156 (BM; BOL); Schlechter 6914

(BM; GRA; K; PRE; SAM); Sim s.n. (GRA; PRE; SAM);

Strey 8813 (BOL; NH).

3. Pleopeltis excavata (Bory ex Willd.)

Sledge in Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist., Bot. 2, 5:

138 (1960); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1:

97 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 151, t. 45C (1970);

in C.F.A. Pterid.: 118 (1977); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 307, t. 223 (1983). Type:

Mascarene Islands, Bory s.n., Herb. Willde-

now no. 19619, sheet 2 (B, holo.!).

Polypodium excavatum Bory ex Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn

4, 5: 158 (1810). Phymatodes excavata (Bory ex Willd.)

Presl, Tent. Pterid. 196 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm.

Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5; 193 (1837). Drynaria excavata (Bory

161

MAP 138.—Pleopeltis excavata

ex Willd.) Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 270 (1852). Lepisorus

excavatus (Bory ex Willd.) Ching in Bull. Fan Memor. '

Inst. Biol., Bot. 4: 68 (1933). Polypodium lineare sensu

Sim, Ferns S.Afr. edn 2: 275, t. 139 (1915).

Rhizome with a white waxy covering and

set with brown, clathrate, lanceolate to nar-

rowly ovate-acuminate rhizome-scales up to 4

mm long with a paler subentire to weakly lace-

rate margin. Fronds spaced 4-12 mm apart,

simple, membranous, deciduous, shortly to

longly stipitate; stipe stramineous, up to 70 mm

long, with a few scales when young; lamina

narrowly lanceolate to linear, up to 330 X 27

mm, entire to weakly undulate, acuminate to

obtuse, base widely to narrowly cuneate, com-

pletely glabrous or with a few scales along mid-

rib when young. Sori in a line on either side of

midrib in upper two-thirds of lamina, up to 4

mm in diameter at maturity.

Transvaal, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Angola, Ma-

lawi, Zambia, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia,

Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone; Fer-

nando Po, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Comoro Is-

lands. A low- to mid-level epiphyte in forest or on sheltered

mossy boulders, from 1 500-1 800 m in Transvaal and

2 500 m in Zimbabwe. Map 138.

Vouchers: Burtt-Davy 1241 (GRA; PRE); Schweick-

erdt 2440 (BOL; PRU).

Deciduous during the dry winters of its habitat, but

even at that season the dormant rhizomes are readily

discernable by the white waxy covering under the rhizome-

scales.

162 FILICALES

6. MICROGRAMMA

Microgramma Pres/, Tent. Pterid. 213 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5:

213, t. 9 (1837); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 220 (1953); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn

2, Suppl. 49 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 108 (1960); in Fl. Gabon 8: 206 (1964); in

Fl. Camer. 3: 348 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 155 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 120 (1977). Type

species: M. persicariaefolia (Schrad.) Presl (=Polypodium persicariaefolium Schrad.).

Rhizome creeping, set with lanceolate to subulate rhizome-scales. Fronds widely spaced,

simple, sometimes somewhat dimorphous with fertile fronds longer and narrower than sterile

fronds, entire, articulate; venation reticulate, with included veinlets only in costal areoles. Sori

round, without paraphyses.

A genus of about 15 species mainly in the American tropics, but with one variable species in Africa.

Microgramma lycopodioides (L.) Co-

pel., Gen. Fil. 185 (1947); Schelpe in Contr.

Bolus Herb. 1: 100 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 155,

t. 48C (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 120, t. 20B

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

311, t. 226 (1983). Type: Central America

(LINN 1251/2, holo.).

Polypodium lycopodioides L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1082 (1753);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 279, t. 144 fig. 1 (1915).

Polypodium mackenii Bak., Syn. Fil. 357 (1868). Poly-

podium lycopodioides var. mackenii (Bak.) Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 1: 203 (1892); Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 280, t. 144 fig.

2 (1915). Type: Natal, McKen s.n. (K, holo.!).

Rhizome widely creeping, up to 5 mm in

diameter, set with subulate, entire, pale brown

rhizome-scales up to 6 mm long turning grey

MAP 139.—Microgramma lycopodioides

Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Mozambique, Zim-

babwe, Angola, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Cameroun, Ni-

with age. Fronds spaced 10 mm or more apart,

stipitate, sometimes somewhat dimorphous

with fertile fronds longer and narrower than

sterile fronds; stipe up to 15 mm long; lamina

narrowly oblong to elliptic, acute, obtuse or

caudate, up to 150 x 22 mm, decurrent basally;

midrib pale, prominent below; venation mostly

obscure. Sori in a line on either side of midrib:

about halfway between midrib and margin,

2—2,5 mm in diameter. Fig. 50: 2.

geria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Guinea, Sao Tomé,

Principé, Annobon, Zanzibar, Mauritius and tropical Amer-

ica. Sporadic in moist scrub and short forest patches along

the coastal belt of eastern South Africa below 170 m and

northwards on the coastal plain of Mozambique below 950

m. It is usually found climbing up shrubs and produces

fertile fronds when the plant grows through into higher light

intensities. Map 139.

Vouchers: Schelpe 5204 (B; BM; BOL; GH; K; M;

MO; P; PRE; S; US); Strey 8098 (BOL; NH); 8234 (BOL;

NH); Wager 197 (PRE).

7. MICROSORIUM

Microsorium Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 110 (1833); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 221

(1953); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 49 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 114 (1960);

in Fl. Gabon 8: 208 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 350 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 156 (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 121 (1977). Type species: M. irregulare Link.

Rhizome creeping, epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial, set with dark, lanceolate rhizome-

scales. Fronds tufted or spaced, subsessile to stipitate, articulated; lamina simple to deeply pinnati-

fid, glabrous, entire (or rarely minutely notched); venation reticulate with numerous areoles with

included veinlets (sometimes ending in hydathodes). Sori circular, with or without non-peltate

paraphyses.

FILICALES 163

A genus of about 60 species mainly in the tropics of Asia.

la Mature fronds simple; sori scattered over part or all of under surface of lamina:

2a Sori scattered over whole under surface of lamina, c. 1 mm in diameter ...............ccccseeeeeeeeeeeeees 1. M. punctatum

2b Sori scattered between midrib and halfway to margin, c. 5 mm in diameter .................csceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 2. M. pappei

1b Mature fronds deeply pinnatifid; sori set in one or two rows on either side of costae:

3a Sori in single rows; margin shallowly crenate ................cecececeeeseeeeceeenens EL PIECSE SER Sete Heat 3. M. ensiforme

3b Sori urdouble rows (rarely Single star ein CMePe 1G os oie cicsis cess sncecaxsersaeensasts doadeortlecdendeeess 4. M. scolopendrium

1. Microsorium punctatum (L.) Copel.

in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16: 111 (1929);

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 102 (1969); in

F.Z. Pterid.: 156, t. 48A (1970); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 121 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 312, t. 48, 227 (1983). Type: China,

Fothergill s.n. (Lost).

Acrostichum punctatum L., Sp. Pl. edn 2, 2: 1524

(1763). Polypodium punctatum (L.) Swartz in J. Bot., Gott.

1800, 2: 21 (1801), non Thunb. (1784); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 282, t. 145 fig. 2 (1915). Pleopeltis punctata (L.)

Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 22 (1876).

Rhizome c. 8 mm in diameter, embedded

in a thick felt of roots and set with dark grey,

entire, lanceolate-acuminate rhizome-scales c.

3 mm long. Fronds spaced c. 10 mm apart,

simple, subsessile, thinly to thickly carnose-co-

riaceous; /amina elliptic to narowly elliptic, up

to 1 X 0,09 m, entire to irregularly undulate,

rounded, acute to acuminate; venation rather

obscure, midrib prominent below. Sori numer-

ous, minute, scattered over under surface of

lamina, c. 1 mm in diameter.

Transkei and Natal, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Ma-

lawi, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Uganda, Equatorial Guinea,

Cameroun, Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Anno-

bon, Principé, S40 Tomé, Comoro Islands, Madagascar,

Zanzibar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Réunion. Sporadic li-

thophyte on shaded rock outcrops along the coasts of Natal

and Transkei; also widespread in tropical Africa where it

‘may occur as an epiphyte, 1 000—2 000 m. Map 140.

MAP 140.—Microsorium punctatum

Vouchers: Schelpe 5032 (B; BM; BOL; GH; K; M;

MO; P; PRE; S; US); Schlechter 3161 (GRA; K; PRE);

Taylor 2641 (BOL; NBG).

2. Microsorium pappei (Mett. ex Kuhn)

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 115 (1960);

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 103 (1969); in

F.Z. Pterid.: 158, t. 48B (1970); W.B.G. Ja-

cobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 313, t. 228a & b

(1983). Syntypes: South Africa, Kaffraria,

Rawson s.n. (BM, ? 1iso.!); Natal, Sanderson

s.n. (K, ? iso.!).

Polypodium pappei Mett. ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 150 (1868);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 277, t. 141 fig. 1 (1915).

Rhizome up to 3 mm in diameter, set with

dark brown, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire

rhizome-scales c. 35 mm long. Fronds spaced

c. 30 mm apart, simple, stipitate, firmly mem-

branous; stipe pale green, up to 120 mm long,

glabrous except for a few dark brown scales

basally; /amina elliptic, up to 370 xX 80 mm,

entire to weakly undulate, acuminate, decurrent

basally, midrib pale, prominent below; vena-

tion obscure. Sori borne between the midrib and

halfway to the margin, c. 5 (—25) mm in dia-

meter. Fig. 51: 1.

Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania and Mada-

gascar. Lithophytic in deep shade in forest, c. 1 500 m,

rare. Map 141.

Vouchers: Hill 160 (PRE); Johnstone 162 (BM; NU).

16° 18°

12° iT}

l\ <] y

feo ee

MAP 141.—Microsorium pappei

FILICALES

3. Microsorium ensiforme (Thunb.)

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 151 (1982).

Type: Cape Province, Grootvadersbosch, Thun-

berg s.n. (UPS, holo.!).

Polypodium ensiforme Thunb., Prodr. 172 (1800); Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 272, t. 137 (1915). Marginaria ensifor-

mis (Thunb.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 188 (1836). Phlebodium

ensiforme (Thunb.) J. Sm. in Hook., J. Bot. 4: 59 (1841).

Gonophlebium ensiforme (Thunb.) Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug.

5: 255 (1852). Phymatodes ensiformis (Thunb.) Schelpe in

JIS. Afr. Bot. 35: 135 (1969); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 316, t. 230 (1983).

Rhizome c. 5 mm in diameter, set with

linear-lanceolate, fimbriate, clathrate, black to

dark brown rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long with a

paler margin. Fronds spaced 5-30 mm apart,

erect, coriaceous; stipe pale brown, up to 150

mm long; lamina oblong to broadly lanceolate,

coriaceous, glabrous, rarely simple, deeply pin-

natifid almost to midrib into linear, weakly un-

dulate and shallowly crenate lobes up to 140 X

10 mm, acute to rounded apically and with de-

current bases; midrib prominent below. Sori

round, up to 2 mm in diameter, set in a line on

either side of costa and sunken into lamina. Fig.

Endemic to southern Cape Province and Transkei. Not

uncommon in the undergrowth of forests of the coastal belt,

but occasionally a lithophyte on shaded humus-covered

boulders in forest, and less frequently a low-level epiphyte,

100-1 300 m. Map 142.

Vouchers: Duthie s.n. (STE); Macpherson s.n. (NBG

10786); Muir 845 (BOL; PRE); Schelpe 4283 (B; BOL;

GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE; S; US).

MAP 142.—Microsorium ensiforme

165

4. Microsorium scolopendrium (Burm.

f.) Copel. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16: 112

(1929): Schelpe in'C.F:A. Pterid.: 122, t. 21

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

314, t. 70, 229 (1983). Type: India, Herb. Bur-

mann (G, holo.!).

Polypodium scolopendrium Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 232

(1768). Phymatodes scolopendria (Burm. f.) Ching in

Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2: 63 (1933).

Polypodium phymatodes L., Mant. Alt. 306 (1771); Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 273, t. 138 (1915). Chrysopteris phy-

matodes (L.) Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 270 (1852). Pleo-

peltis phymatodes (L.) T. Moore, Ind. Fil. 78 (1857). Phy-

matodes phymatodes (L.) Maxon in Contr. U.S. Nat. Mus.

9: 352, t. 62 (1905). Type: India (LINN 1251/6, holo.).

Rhizome widely creeping, up to 10 mm in

diameter, set with narrowly lanceolate, acumi-

nate, pseudoserrate, often squarrose rhizome-

scales up to 4 mm long, which are caducous

leaving older rhizomes with a white, ceraceous

surface. Fronds widely spaced, deeply pinna-

tifid, coriaceous, stipitate; stipe pale yellowish

green to grey (brown when dry), up to 0,4 m

long; lamina broadly oblong, glabrous, deeply

pinnatifid into narrowly oblong, acute to acum1-

nate lobes up to 150 X 30 mm; midrib pro-

minent below. Sori round or oval, in one or

usually two rows on either side of costa, some-

what sunken into lamina, 2-3 mm in diameter

at maturity.

MAP 143.—Microsorium scolopendrium

FIG. 51.—1, Microsorium pappei, part of plant, xX 0,6; la, portion of fertile lamina, X 1,8 (Buchanan 23589). 2,

Microsorium ensiforme, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, detail of portion of fertile lamina, < 1,8 (Esterhuysen 6618).

166

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MARCH

FILICALES

Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Angola, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan, Equa-

torial Guinea, Cameroun, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Ivory:

Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia; Fernando Po, Sao Tomé,

Principé, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Mauritius,

Réunion, Rodrigues, Seychelles and tropical Asia. Com-

mon in the undergrowth of coastal bush from Natal north-

wards, and occasionally found in riverine forest up to 1 000

m altitude. Map 143.

Vouchers: Brueckner & Allsopp 299 (BM; NU); Tay-

lor 2593 (BOL; NBG); Thorncroft 99 (PRE); Whellan 1108

(BOL; SRGH).

167

Microsorium scandens (G. Forst.) Tindale is an intro-

duced alien from New Zealand growing at the Kirstenbosch

National Botanic Garden on Cyathea dregei.

Similarly Phlebodium aureum J. Sm., a commonly

cultivated South American fern with large pinnatifid fronds,

has escaped from cultivation in the vicinity of Durban. It

can be distinguished from Microsorium scolopendrium by

the venation (fewer included veinlets), the very dense to-

mentum of reddish rhizome-scales clothing the rhizome, the

close spacing of the pinnatifid segments and by the fact that

the sori are not sunken into the lamina.

DAVALLIACEAE

Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic plants. Rhizome erect or creeping, some producing peren-

nating tubers (Nephrolepis), and with peltate rhizome-scales. Fronds tufted or spaced; stipe with

several vascular strands, articulated or not; lamina simple, pinnate or much-dissected, pinnae

articulated or not. Sori superficial or terminal on veins; indusium usually opening towards margin.

Spores monolete, without perispore.

la Fronds pinnate to 2-pinnatifid; pinnae articulated to rhachis:

2a Stipes not articulated; frond-bearing rhizome erect; plants often with tubers..................cecseseeeeeees 1. Nephrolepis

2b Stipes articulated; frond-bearing rhizome creeping; plants never with tubers.................cccceeeeeeeees 2. Arthropteris

1b Fronds simple, or pinnae not articulated to rhachis:

2a’ Brondsistmples Sor Sipe mine ta pms S Recs a IE ccs ben sx vo witincanacamany voanan ye navedeauaneae eens maagye) 3. Oleandra

3b Fronds moch-dissected* som fenmiiial Om VOUIG 6.61 iles. cco vo'ccoae noah budonngtater's.ciameanren it tame tnetadlen meen, 4. Davallia

1. NEPHROLEPIS

Nephrolepis Schott, Gen. Fil. 1, t. 3 (1834); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 18 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in

Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 153 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 59 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2,

Suppl. 50 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 85 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 108 (1964); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 159 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 68 (1873);

in C.F.A. Pterid.: 124 (1977). Lectotype species: N. exaltata (L.) Schott (=Polypodium exaltatum

ea,

Rhizome short, erect, sometimes stoloniferous and tuber-forming, set with brown rhizome-

scales. Fronds tufted, pinnate; stipe not articulated; pinnae articulated to rhachis, hairy to subgla-

brous; veins free. Sori terminal on veins, circular and intramarginal to elongate-submarginal, with

reniform to elongate indusia.

A genus of about 35 species, mostly pantropical.

Sori opening towards pinna margin; pinnae not markedly auriculate; plants not tuberous.................06..060. 1. N. biserrata

Sori opening towards pinna apex; pinnae markedly auriculate; plants tuberouS.............:..ccccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 2. N. exaltata

1. Nephrolepis biserrata (Swartz) Schott, Aspidium biserratum Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 32

Gen. Fil. sub. t. 3 (1834); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 123, t. 35-((9E5ySchelpe in FA. Pte-

rid.: 160 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 125 (1977);

W.B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 321, t. 234

(1983). Type: Mauritius, Grdéndal s.n. (S,

holo.!).

(1801). Nephrodium biserratum (Swartz) Presl, Reliq.

Haenk. 1: 31 (1825). Hypopeltis biserrata (Swartz) Bory in

Bélanger, Voy. Ind. Or., Bot. 2: 65 (1833). Lepidoneuron

biserratum (Swartz) Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 301 (1852).

Rhizome erect. Fronds suberect to arch-

ing; stipe pale brown, up to 220 mm long, set

FIG. 52.—1, Nephrolepis biserrata, part of frond, <x 0,6; la, detail of portion of fertile segment, < 3,6 (Buchanan

sub BOL 23571).

te |

FILICALES

an ME eal

~~ Ve

“i As

168

HER RAT.

MARCH

FILICALES

MAP 144.—Nephrolepis biserrata

with pale brown, narrowly lanceolate scales up

to 2 mm long, becoming subglabrous with age;

lamina narrowly elliptic, c. 600 X 240 mm,

acute, pinnate, lower pinnae only slightly re-

duced; pinnae shortly petiolate, up to 36 pairs,

very narrowly oblong, attenuate, crenate, base

broadly cuneate, thinly pilose with minute

white hairs when young, becoming subgla-

brous, submarginal hydathodes present but not

conspicuous; rhachis pale brown, thinly pilose

and set with scattered scales. Sori c. 4 mm apart

in a line 2/3 the distance from costa to margin,

c. 1 mm in diameter, opening outwards at right

angles to veins; indusium membranous, entire,

c. 0,6 mm in diameter. Fig. 52.

Pantropical. Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambi-

que, Angola, Zambia, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda,

Sudan, Central African Republic, Gabon, Cameroun, Nige-

ria, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sao Tomé, Principé,

Annobon, Zanzibar, Pemba, Madagascar, Comoro Islands,

Mauritius, Réunion and Seychelles. Terrestrial, in wet

shaded localities in forest, 10-1 300 m. Map 144.

Vouchers: Burrows 1392 (BOL; NBG); Schelpe 5196

(BOL); 5228 (BOL); Sim s.n. (PRE); Ward 3395 (NPB;

NU).

2. Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott, Gen.

Fil. sub. t. 3 (1834); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

125, t. 61 fig. 1 (1915). Type: Jamaica, Harlow

sub Sloane fol. 1, 52 (BM, holo.—BOL,

photo.!).

MAP 145.—Nephrolepis exaltata

Polypodium exaltatum L., Syst. Nat. edn 10, 2: 1309

(1759). Aspidium exaltatum (L.) Swartz in J. Bot., Gott.

1800, 2: 32 (1801). Nephrodium exaltatum (L.) R. Br.,

Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 148 (1810).

Rhizome erect, stoloniferous and tuber-

forming. Fronds tufted, erect, firmly herba-

ceous; stipe brown when dry, shorter than lam-

ina, set with light brown, narrowly lanceolate-

attenuate scales c. 5 mm long with occasional

minute marginal outgrowths, becoming subgla-

brous with age; /amina narrowly ovate-lanceo-

late, c. 420 X 45 mm, basal pinnae reduced not

decrescent, pinnae subsessile, oblong-acute to

narrowly deltate, somewhat falcate, auriculate,

auricle deltate and overlapping rhachis below,

margin serrato-dentate, glabrous and with

rounded hydathodes above, subglabrous below;

rhachis brown, set with linear-attenuate pale

brown to castaneous, fimbriate-based scales c.

4 mm long with a dark, thickened central area,

persistent at pinna bases. Sori semi-lunate,

Opening towards pinna apex; indusium reni-

form, membranous, entire, c. 1,2 <X 0,7 mm.

Fie Sat

N. exaltata is an extremely variable and very com-

monly cultivated fern. It has escaped in parts of Cape Pro-

vince and Natal, and in the Mbabane area of Swaziland.

Terrestrial or epiphytic. Map. 145.

Vouchers: Dahlstrand 1387 (PRE); Schiitte 30 (BOL);

Ward 6712 (BOL; NU).

FIG. 53.—1, Nephrolepis exaltata, frond, x 0,6 (Greville 79). 2, Arthropteris monocarpa, part of plant, x 0,6;

2a, detail of lower surface of fertile ultimate segment, x 9 (Schelpe 5660).

170 FILICALES

2. ARTHROPTERIS

Arthropteris J. Sm. in Hook. f., Fl. Nov. Zeyl. 2: 43 (1854); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 18 (1908);

Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 157 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 53 (1958); Alston in

F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 52 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 88 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 112

(1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 162 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3

Pterid.: 70 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 129 (1977). Type species: A. tenella (G. Forst.) J. Sm. ex

Hook. f. (=Polypodium tenellum G. Forst.).

Rhizome creeping, solenostelic, set with brown rhizome-scales. Fronds spaced; stipe articu-

lated; Jamina pinnate to 2-pinnatifid; pinnae articulated to rhachis; veins free. Sori circular, termi-

nal on veins, intramarginal; indusium reniform.

A widely distributed genus of about 20 species, of which 4 occur in continental Africa, one in our area.

Arthropteris monocarpa (Cordem.) C.

Chr. in Cat. Pl. Madag., Pterid.: 32 (1932);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 163, t. 50 (1970); in

C.Puay Pretid::: 129322 239 oT W iB. G:

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 324, t. 236 (1983).

Type: Réunion, Boivin 881 (P, holo.).

Nephrodium monocarpum Cordem. in Bull. Soc. Sci

Arts Réunion, 1890-91: 186 (1891).

Dryopteris orientalis sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 91,

t, 91915),

Rhizome widely creeping, c. 2 mm in dia-

meter, set with subcircular to broadly ovate,

entire rhizome-scales up to 1,5 mm _ long.

Fronds widely spaced, arching, thinly herba-

ceous; stipe pale brown, glabrous at maturity,

up to 0,18 m long; lamina oblong-lanceolate,

acute, up to 0,33 X 0,12 m, deeply 2-pinnati-

fid, basal pinnae somewhat reduced; pinnae ob-

long-lanceolate, attenuate, very broadly oblong

MAP 146.—Arthropteris monocarpa

basally, up to 75 X 15 mm, deeply pinnatifid

into narrowly oblong, obtuse, undulate, crenate

lobes, very thinly pubescent on costa, costules

and veins on under surface; rhachis strami-

neous, pubescent with minute, pale brown

hairs. Sori usually solitary on each lobe, but if

2-3 then occurring along acroscopic margin, up

to 1,5 mm in diameter; indusium membranous,

entire, c. 1 mm in diameter. Fig. 53: 2.

Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, Malawi,

Zaire, Zambia, Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan,

Cameroun, Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra

Leone, Fernando Po, Sao Tomé, Madagascar, Comoro

Islands and Réunion. A predominantly forest species, grow-

ing over mossy boulders and fallen tree trunks in shade in

moist forest. Map 146.

Vouchers: Devlin 59 (NU); Medley Wood 11953

(PRE); Schelpe 3140 (BM).

3. OLEANDRA

Oleandra Cav. in Ann. Hist. Nat. 1, 2: 115 (1799); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 17 (1908); Tardieu-

Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 156 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 52 (1958); Alston in

F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 52 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 84 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 106

(1964); Pichi-Sermolli in Webbia 20: 754 (1965); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 165 (1970); in Expl.

Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 71 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 131 (1977).

Type species: O. neriiformis Cav.

FILICALES

_ _Rhizome long, creeping, dictyostelic, set with brown, attenuate rhizome-scales; roots spa-

ringly produced at wide intervals. Fronds closely or widely spaced, simple, entire, uniform (rarely

dimorphic); stipe articulated; veins free. Sori superficial on veins, in single rows on each side of

midrib; indusium reniform.

A genus of about 40 tropical species, of which 4 occur in continental Africa, one in our area.

Oleandra distenta Kunze in Bot. Ztg 9:

347 (1851); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 165, t. 51

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 131, t. 24 (1977); W.

B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 326, t. 238

(1983). Type: Transvaal, Magaliesberg, Zeyher

s.n., Herb. Kunze (LZ, holo.t); Zeyher 1869

(BM, ?iso.!).

Oleandra densifrons Kunze in Bot. Ztg 9: 347 (1851).

Type: Port Natal, inter Omfondi et Tagela, Gueinzius s.n.

(LZ, holo.t); Port Natal, Gueinzius s.n., Herb. Mettenius

(B, lecto.).

Oleandra articuiata sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 124,

t. 34 fig. 1 (1915).

Rhizome very widely creeping, up to 4

mm in diameter, sometimes producing short

side-branches, set with appressed (rarely squar-

rose), narrowly lanceolate, attenuate, variously

ciliate rhizome-scales c. 5 mm long with a

darker area around point of attachment. Fronds

tufted or spaced, thinly membranous to thinly

coriaceous, articulated, deciduous; stipe strami-

neous, up to 45 mm long, with or without

scales; Jamina usually with caudate apex and

broadly cuneate base, subentire to undulate, up

to 330 X 65 mm, upper surface glabrous at

maturity, lower surface glabrous or thinly pu-

bescent with minute hairs; costa prominent be-

low, stramineous to light castaneous. Sori cir-

cular, up to 2 mm in diameter, set in an irregu-

lar line; indusia glabrous to glandular, brown,

entire, up to 1,5 mm in diameter. Fig. 54: 2.

MAP 147.—Oleandra distenta

Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Ruanda, Kenya, Uganda,

Tanzania, Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria, Togo, Ghana, Ivory

Coast, Sierra Leone, Sao Tomé, Seychelles, Madagascar,

Mauritius and Comoro Islands. In Southern Africa O. dis-

tenta is usually found on exposed rock outcrops or scram-

bling over rocks in light shade in scrub; in tropical Africa it

can occur as a high-level epiphyte on forest trees;

800—1 900 m. Deciduous during the dry season. Map 147.

Vouchers: Burrows 1330, 1372 (BOL; NBG);

Schweickerdt 2014 (BM; PRE); Ward 2258 (BOL; MO;

NPB; NU).

4. DAVALLIA

Davallia J.E. Sm. in Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 414, t. 9 fig. 6 (1793); Engl., Pflanzenw.

Afr. 2: 20 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 61 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 39

(1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 53 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 90 (1964); in

Fl. Camer. 3: 118 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 167 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L.

Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 71 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 133 (1977). Lectotype species: D.

canariensis (L.) J.E. Sm. (=Trichomanes canariensis L.).

Rhizome creeping, dictyostelic, set with attenuate, ciliate rhizome-scales. Fronds spaced,

stipe articulated; lamina deltate to ovate, much dissected, coriaceous, glabrous; veins free. Sori

terminal on veins; indusium elongate, fused to lamina at base and sides.

A predominantly Asiatic and Polynesian genus of about 40 species, of which only one occurs in tropical and Southern

Africa.

Davallia chaerophylloides (Poir.) Steud.,

Nomencl. Bot., Crypt. 146 (1824); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 128, t. 37 (1915); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 167, t. 32 (1970); in C.F A, Pte-

rid,: 133, t. 25 (1977); W. B.G. Jacebsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 327, t. 239 (1983). Syntypes

172 FILICALES

Pt Age er UMA Ae ROC FT

FILICALES

Madagascar, Herb. De Candolle (G!), Herb.

Thouars (P!).

Trichomanes chaerophylloides Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 8:

80 (1808). Humata chaerophylloides (Poir.) Desv. in Mém.

Soc. Linn., Paris 6, 2: 325 (1827).

Davallia nitidula Kunze in Linnaea 10: 545 (1836). Syn-

types: Transkei, Umzimkulu, Drége s.n.; between the Um-

zimvubu and Umsikaba Rivers, Drége s.n. (LZt; BM,

iso.!).

Davallia denticulata var. intermedia Mett. ex Kuhn, Fil.

Afr. 158 (1868). Syntypes: Natal, Gueinzius, Drége;

Angola, Welwitsch 56; Tropical Africa, Mann; Comoro

Islands, Peters s.n. and Boivin 1599; Madagascar, Boivin,

Lyall; Seychelles, Kersten 70.

Rhizome up to 15 mm in diameter, set

with brown, narrowly lanceolate, fimbriate,

hair-pointed rhizome-scales up to 8 mm long

with pale margins. Fronds widely spaced, thin,

arching; stipe glabrous at maturity, up to 0,44

m long, with tufted scales about the extreme

base; lamina ovate-deltate, up to 0,7 X 0,5 m,

deeply 4- to 5-pinnatifid, basal pinnae longest

and developed basiscopically; pinnae deltate to

oblong, acute-acuminate; ultimate segments

narrowly deltate to trapeziform, glabrous, in-

cised into spathulate to cuneate lobes up to 1,5

mm long; rhachis and secondary rhachises stra-

mineous, glabrous. Sori solitary on the lobes on

vein-endings, up to 1 mm in diameter, sub-

tended by teeth; indusium very broadly oblong,

membranous, entire. Fig. 54: 1.

MAP 148.—Davallia chaerophylloides

Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda,

Kenya, Sudan, Nigeria, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Libe-

ria, Sao Tomé, Fernando Po, Annobon, Madagascar, Com-

oro Islands, Rodrigues and Seychelles. Also recorded from

Cameroun, Guinea and the Mascarene Islands by Tardieu-

Blot (1964). In Southern Africa D. chaerophylloides occurs

sporadically in a variety of habitats ranging from sheltered

sandstone crevices to decomposing logs on forest floors at

altitudes from near sea level to 1 500 m. Map 148.

Vouchers: Medley Wood s.n. (BOL; GRA; PRE;

SAM); Mogg 17212 (PRE); Strey 7245 (BOL; NH; NU).

In higher light intensities in rock crevice habitats the

fronds are considerably smaller and of thicker texture than

in forest-grown specimens.

ASPLENIACEAE

Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial plants with creeping or erect rhizomes set with clathrate,

usually dark-coloured rhizome-scales. Fronds simple or variously pinnately dissected; stipes not

articulated to rhizome, with 2 vascular strands at base which unite upwards to form a 4-armed

strand; venation free or anastomosing marginally. Sori usually linear, borne on costal side of vein

and with a narrow or obsolete indusium. Sporangia with long stalks; spores monolete, with

perispore.

Under surface of pinnae glabrous or set with scattered small scales ...............ccceceeseneeeeeeenenenes Ll 1. Asplenium

Under surface of pinnae set with dense imbricate scales.............sccscsceeeeeeneeeeenenene en eeeenenenseeeeeneneeeen es 2. Ceterach

The genus Ceterach has been regarded by some authors (e.g. Crabbe et al., 1973) as congeneric with Asplenium.

1. ASPLENIUM

Asplenium L., Sp. Pl. 1078 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 485 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 25

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 167 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 182 (1958);

Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 53 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 120 (1964); in FI.

Camer. 3: 174 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 167 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw.

& Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 71 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 135 (1977). Lectotype species: A. marinum

FIG. 54.—1, Davallia chaerophylloides, part of plant, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X 3,6

(Schelpe 5030). 2, Oleandra distenta, part of plant, X 0,6; 2a, rhizome, X 0,6; 2b, detail of portion of fertile lamina, x

3,6 (Johnstone 129).

174 FILICALES

Rhizomes erect or creeping, dictyostelic, set with clathrate rhizome-scales. Fronds simple to

4-pinnatifid, glabrous, pubescent or set with scattered scales, gemmiferous, i.e. with a bud or

small plant near apex, or not (rarely proliferating at lamina base); stipe black, castaneous or

greenish, matt or nitid, glabrous or set with clathrate scales (rarely with hairs); venation pinnate or

flabellate, free. Sori usually elongate (but about as long as broad in some species), borne on costal

side of a vein; indusium narrow.

A cosmopolitan genus of over 600 species. |

la Venation pinnate:

2a Fronds dimorphous, fertile fronds longer and narrower than sterile fronds................c.0desceceeecneeeeenes 1. A. christii

2b Fronds not dimorphous:

3a Fronds gemmiferous on rhachis:

4a Proliferating bud borne at end of an extension of rhachis .................cecececeneeenenceeeeenenenens 9. A. sandersonii

4b Proliferating bud borne on rhachis on or below terminal segment:

Sia Je Wc sep SCC In CLOW ee corneal thie PA ge a aereereled ons ate tare Sy cwdrenmaviniaain balls a aiettand® anes 7. A. protensum

5b Rhachis not pubescent below:

6a Pinnae pinnatifid:

7a Mid pinna-lobes all usually bifid or more divided..................scsceeeeeeeeeneeeeeenenenes 6.A. X flexuosum

7b Mid pinna-lobes usually entire:

8a Basiscopic pinna-lobes 1 to 3, the first arising between second and fourth acroscopic lobe;

PINNAe MaDe ZIMOM ghee ht Mas ery icete shat ves br og luaeec. dea PET cole euome tans esaets 17. A. dregeanum

8b Basiscopic pinna-lobes 6 or more, the first arising between first and second acroscopic

lobes; piinde-Ovate-lanceOlate: 6. F....6.. 0888 Gs ones oda on paten debacle etic anesderoaeeecues 18. A. preussii

6b Pinnae simple:

9a Sori borne on unforked veins; the straight basiscopic edge half as long as pinna or lon-

IA ee tenA Ne ee os Mae E RGA ETON winch wtvon gle nuaitiinind < sacle wad Eee ren oe Re Oe 14. A. lunulatum

9b Sori borne on forked veins; straight basiscopic edge very much shorter than pinna itself:

10a Margin evenly and shallowly crenate-serrate...............ccececececeneeeeeeeeeeneeenenen 5.A. gemmiferum

10b Margin with alternating deeper and shallower incisions ................sceceececeneeeeeeneeess 4.A. boltonii

3b Fronds not gemmiferous on rhachis:

1la Lamina pinnate to 2-pinnatifid:

12a Lamina very narrowly linear, margin shallowly and evenly crenate or dentate:

13a Plants stoloniferous with naked stolons; stipe greenish .................csceeeeeeeeeeeenenenes 10. A. stoloniferum

13b Plants not stoloniferous; stipe castaneous, nitid:

14a Fertile pinnae bearing one (Or at MOSt tWO) SOTL.............cececececeeeeeceeeeeeeeeenenenenen 13. A. monanthes

14b Fertile pinnae bearing numerous sori:

15a Pinnae subsessile, base broadened and overlapping rhachis .....................0.008 12. A. platyneuron

15b Pinnae shortly petiolate, base not conspicuously overlapping rhachis................ 11. A. trichomanes

12b Lamina lanceolate, elliptic or ovate (if somewhat linear then margin deeply serrate, some serra-

tions emarginate):

16a Rhizome creeping; fronds widely spaced; sori borne very close to COSta............cceceeeeees 8. A. friesiorum

16b Rhizome erect; fronds tufted; sori borne at an angle to costa:

17a Margin unequally incised to form multifid lobes, alternating deeper and shallower incis-

sions, or a separate acroscopic lobe:

18a Pinnae simple, or only acroscopic lobe separate; lamina membranous to herbaceous:

Te Tens eee O Mt TAR AEN ie cx ces vn sw da soicn onsednnasdarbstanasien coeda iain daaeesapincaile ess 15. A. erectum

19D. Lamina MOLUGCETESCENRE DESAY: vicisciewi ce eestunnslesedanesveudtenneavs beatae ot skeen de 16. A. inaequilaterale

US: Pinmae Diinatilic: latmina COLACCOUS.,......eccdsn< sone ior csasna ta neat cabeeoentacodi wer gareie 6.A. X flexuosum

17b Margin evenly serrate:

20a Sori borne along outermost branch-vein of a fork, all of similar lengths; margin bluntly

COLTS, aN, aoa RSI sO OAC ARCO IE ETT AONECED Sten Me NCTE per ENT eter PND meen ONIER Ae, 2. A. anisophyllum

20b Sori borne along both branch-veins of a fork, of irregular lengths; margin sharply

CEC EE a Rs, ORO ae eee ae Se ee een en ay eee ae nee 3. A. prionitis

11b Lamina 2-pinnate to 4-pinnatifid:

21a Sori submarginal, solitary on ultimate segments of frond:

22a Sori almost terminal on ultimate segments .................cececseneeeeeee cues 19. A. theciferum var. concinnum

22b Sori lateral on ultimate segments:

23a Lamina conspicuously expanded at sorus; sori about as long as broad................60068 21.A. hypomelas

23b Lamina not expanded at sorus; sori more than twice as long as broad .................00005 20. A. rutifolium

21b Sori intramarginal, 2 or more on the ultimate segments:

24a Lamina narrowly elliptic, lower pinnae gradually decrescent; margin crenate or obtusely

HOMO sire thee ancl anc hn. ne. nb ss hwy bd Bg Waa Viv Kaeo cid a NUP oD a ee ln eR 22. A. lobatum

FILICALES

175

24b Lamina ovate or deltate, lower pinnae not decrescent; margin sharply dentate:

25a Rhizome erect; lamina narrowly ovate; indusium erose ................6. 23. A. varians subsp. fimbriatum

25b Rhizome creeping; lamina deltate; indusium entire ..................cccceeeeeeeeeees 24. A. adiantum-nigrum’

1b Venation flabellate:

20a Fronds serimiterousy oS pcan err este cageehen aes

26b Fronds not gemmiferous:

27a Fronds widely spaced on rhizome.................0.065

27b Fronds tufted:

De soatiodh ett tts CERO Mn nck Fey 20 td hoyle BH cutie $s 25. A. blastophorum

ta rahe a clic con Min ia MAUMEE 5 cules tulacuatetiina ee 26. A. splendens

28a Rhizome-scales black; pinnae deeply pinnatifid into 3 to 5 lobes ..............ccccececececeeeeneeeeeenes 27.A. simii

28b Rhizome-scales brown; pinnae deeply pinnatifid into more than 5 lobes:

29a Fronds with few scales, without long hair-points; weakly 2-pinnatifid ....................cceceeeees 28. A. lividum

29b Fronds set with numerous scales, with long hair-points; very deeply 2-pinnatifid........... 29. A. aethiopicum

1. Asplenium christii Hieron. in Engl.,

Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. 82 (1895); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 172 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 332, t. 241 (1983). Type: Tan-

zania, Usambara, Holst 2307 (B, holo.!-BOL,

photo.!; K!).

Rhizome erect or ascending, c. 4 mm in

diameter, set with dark brown, lanceolate, acu-

minate, entire rhizome-scales up to 2,5 Xx 0,5

mm. Fronds tufted, pinnate, dimorphous, fer-

tile fronds gemmiferous, 1% to 2 times as long

as sterile non-gemmiferous fronds; stipe matt

grey-green, sparsely scaly; fertile lamina lan-

ceolate, up to 240 X 75 mm; sterile lamina

somewhat ovate, up to 130 X 90 mm; pinnae in

up to 9 pairs, oblong lower pinnae grading up-

wards into smaller obovate-obtuse ones, base

unequally cuneate, lower pinnae not decrescent

or sometimes auriculate acroscopically, margin

serrate, upper surface glabrous, lower surface

set with fimbriate to substellate scales. Sori up

to 30 per pinna, c. 9 mm long near pinna-base;

indusium membranous, somewhat erose, c. 0,5

mm broad, folding back on itself at maturity.

Pig «Sor:

MAP 149.—Asplenium christii

Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya.

Undergrowth of moist forest, 1 050-1 300 m. Map 149.

Voucher: Forbes 690 (NH).

2. Asplenium anisophyllum Kunze in

Linnaea 10: 511 (1836); Schelpe in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 170 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 138 (1977);

W.B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 337, t. 247

(1983). Type: Transkei, between the Umzim-

vubu and Umsikaba Rivers, Drége s.n. (LZ,

holo. t.; BM, lecto.!).

Rhizome erect, c. 10-20 mm in diameter,

set with pale brown to brown, concolorous,

broadly lanceolate, somewhat fimbriate and

attenuate rhizome-scales c. 12 X 3,5 mm.

Fronds tufted, herbaceous, not gemmiferous;

stipe matt purplish brown, glabrous except for

scales basally; /amina ovate to ovate-elliptic, up

to 880 X 320 mm, pinnate, basal pinnae some-

what reduced; pinnae in 10—20 pairs, up to 220

x 24 mm, base unequally cuneate, margin re-

gularly crenate-dentate, upper surface glabrous,

lower surface set with scattered, minute, sub-

stellate scales on costae and veins. Sori extend-

ing along veins from near costa half-way to

margin, 4-6 mm long at maturity; indusium

membranous, yellowish, entire, c. | mm broad.

Fig. 56: 2.

Transkei, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Malawi, Angola, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya,

Liberia and Madagascar. A low-level epiphyte in deep

shade, or terrestrial on forest floor, or lithophytic on moist

rock faces or boulders between 1 200 and 2 300 m altitude.

Map 150.

Vouchers: Schelpe 6175 (BM; BOL); Strey 8871

(BOL; NU); Thorncroft 19, (PRE); 99 (PRE).

3. Asplenium prionitis Kunze in Linnaea

10: 511 (1836); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 152,

t. 55 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 338, t. 248 (1983). Type: Transkei, be-

tween the Umzimvubu, Umtentu and Umzim-

kulu Rivers, Drége s.n. (LZ, holo. t; BM,

lecto.!; HBG-BOL, photo.!; L-BOL, photo.!).

176 FILICALES

Poe

YS sie ote AT dA ee

FILICALES

MAP 150.—Asplenium anisophyllum

Rhizome erect, c. 40 mm in diameter, set

with brown, lanceolate-attenuate, hair-pointed,

entire rhizome-scales, c. 8 mm long. Fronds

tufted, thinly coriaceous, not gemmiferous;

stipe green or purplish brown when dry, set

with scattered hair-like scales; lamina ovate-ob-

long, up to 520 x 300 mm, pinnate, basal pin-

nae reduced; pinnae in c. 6 pairs, oblong-lan-

ceolate (reduced pinnae ovate-deltate), base

broadest, truncate, overlapping rhachis

acroscopically, margin sharply serrate-dentate,

upper surface glabrous, lower surface set with

occasional hair-like scales. Sori borne midway

between costa and margin, of irregular lengths,

up to 18 mm long, the longest on the outermost

branch-vein of a fork; indusium stramineous,

thickly membranous, entire, c. 0,7 mm broad.

Pie. S724.

Transkei and Natal. Also recorded from Madagascar

by Tardieu-Blot (1958). A rare to locally frequent coastal

forest species which occurs in deep shade either as a low-

level epiphyte or as a lithophyte on mossy boulders, at

altitudes below 600 m. Map 151.

Vouchers: Pegler 537 (PRE); Strey 5924 (NU); Taylor

2611 (BOL); Ward 504 (BM; NU).

4. Asplenium boltonii Hook. ex Schelpe

in Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41: 204 (1967);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid,: 173 (1970); W..B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 334, t. 243 (1983).

Type: Natal, Bolton s.n. (K, holo.!; BM!).

Asplenium anisophyllum var. B Kunze in Linnaea 10: 512

(1836). Type: Cape Province, Philipstown near the Kat-

rivier, Ecklon s.n., Herb. Kunze (LZ, holo. f).

MAP 151.—Asplenium prionitis

Asplenium anisophyllum var. elongatum Mett. in Abh.

senckenb. naturforsch. Ges. 3: 143 (1859), reimpr. in

Mett., Farngatt. 6: 99 (1859). Syntypes from South Africa

and Réunion.

Asplenium anisophyllum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

151, t. 53 (1915).

Rhizome erect, up to 20 mm in diameter,

set with reddish-castaneous, somewhat serru-

late, lanceolate, attenuate rhizome-scales c. 10

mm long with a somewhat darker central por-

tion and narrow paler borders (composed of

hyaline thin-walled cells). Fronds tufted,

herbaceous, gemmiferous; stipe matt grey-

green, densely set at first with sinuose hair-like

scales; lamina ovate-lanceolate, usually up to

540 X 160 mm (rarely 1050 X 240 mm), pin-

nate, basal pinnae slightly reduced; pinnae in

up to 28 pairs, lanceolate-attenuate, base broad

and unequally cuneate, margin dentate with

usually alternating deeper and shallower inci-

sions, a single vein forking to end in this pair of

teeth, upper surface glabrous, lower surface set

with occasional minute substellate scales. Sori

borne along outermost branch-vein of a fork, c.

6 mm long; indusium pale membranous, ob-

me entire, c. 0,7—1,5 mm broad. Fig.

20:

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal,

Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zaire, Tanza-

nia, Kenya, Uganda, Madagascar and Réunion. A forest

species, sporadic in deep shade on humus-covered boulders

and forest floors, and occasionally as a low-level epiphyte,

between 660 and | 980 m altitude. Map 152.

FIG. 55.—1, Asplenium christii, part of plant, x 0,6 (Fisher 1225). 2, Asplenium protensum, part of frond, x 0,6;

2a, stipe bases and part of rhizome, X 0,6 (Schelpe 5504).

me FILICALES

SSL SEV SIN 5

_ SSS WNBA GGA

mae ae @APR Za,

ek SPSS SH HRRS SS

F060 e C°O0 CO ZIPOUU

NUON NSS

SSPE Eee eS eh Of}

ELE See

5. es

Weeks.

X\>

Ce BEES pO

000 700 VRE

e 7

Ae Re Re T MARCH

FILICALES

MAP 152.—Asplenium boltonii

Vouchers: Fisher 904 (BOL; NH; NU); Flanagan

1761 (GRA; PRE); Maguire 915 (BOL; NBG); Thorncroft

98 (GRA; PRE).

5. Asplenium gemmiferum Schrad. in

Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 916 (1818); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 154, t. 57 fig. 1 (1915); Schelpe

in F.Z. Pterid.: 173 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 335, t. 244 (1983). Type: Cape

Province, ? near Grahamstown, Hesse s.n.

(?LE, holo.).

Rhizome erect, up to 30 mm in diameter,

set with dark brown, nitid, lanceolate, atten-

uate, irregularly fimbriate rhizome-scales c.

7-9 mm long with reddish margins. Fronds

tufted, carnose-coriaceous when fresh, gemmi-

ferous; stipe matt greyish green, densely scaly

at first with fimbriate narrow scales; lamina ob-

long-lanceolate, up to 720 X 260 mm, pinnate;

pinnae in up to 12 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, acu-

minate, margin minutely and regularly shal-

lowly serrate, upper surface glabrous, lower

surface set with occasional minute hair-like

scales. Sori extending from near costa two

thirds to margin, up to 15 mm long; indusium

membranous, entire, c. 1 mm broad. Fig. 57: 2.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya,

Uganda; also Cameroun and Fernando Po (Tardieu-Blot,

1964). A forest species growing either on forest floors or

more usually on humus-covered boulders in deep shade,

from near sea level in Cape Province to 1 800 m in Zim-

babwe and Mozambique. Map 153.

Vouchers: Compton 14334 (NBG; PRE); Schelpe 4349

(B; BM; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE; S; US); Ward 2383

(NPB; NU).

MAP 153.—Asplenium gemmiferum

6. Asplenium xX flexuosum Schrad. in

Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 916 (1818); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 336, t. 245 (1983).

Type: Cape Province, ? near Grahamstown,

Hesse s.n. (?LE, holo.).

Asplenium gemmiferum var. flexuosum (Schrad.) Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 155, t. 58 (1915).

Asplenium lucidum Schlechtd., Adumbr. 25, t. 14a

(1826), non Burm. f. (1768), nec G. Forst. (1786), nec

Salisb. (1796).

Asplenium discolor Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr.

17 (1858), non Kunze (1834). Asplenium gemmiferum var.

discolor Pape & Raws.) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 156, t.

59 (1915). Syntypes: Cape Province, Knysna, Dalgairns

s.n. (K!); Albany, Atherstone s.n. (K!); Philipstown, Kat

River Ecklon & Zeyher s.n. (K!).

Asplenium gemmiferum var. laciniatum Mett., Farngatt.

138 (1959). Iconotype: Schlechtendal, Adumbrationes, t.

14b (1826)!, from Port Natal (Durban).

Rhizome erect, c. 30 mm in diameter, set

with very dark brown, lanceolate, acuminate,

shortly ciliate-fimbriate rhizome-scales c. 8 mm

long. Fronds tufted, thinly coriaceous, some

fronds gemmiferous; stipe greenish, becoming

somewhat stramineous on drying, set at first

with scattered sinuose, hair-like scales; lamina

ovate-lanceolate, up to 620 x 190 mm, pinnate

to 2-pinnatifid, basal pinnae reduced; pinnae in

c. 10 pairs (up to 24), ovate-lanceolate, base

unequally cuneate, auriculate acroscopically,

progressively more deeply incised from apex to

base into usually 2- or 3-fid oblong to oblanceo-

late lobes (or occasionally equally incised), up-

per surface glabrous, lower surface set with

FIG. 56.—1, Asplenium boltonii, part of frond, x 0,6 (Schelpe 5952). 2, Asplenium anisophyllum, part of frond,

X 0,6 (Schelpe 5503).

FILICALES

180

“HAS.

PPS Po.

¥Y OA TWA SES 5

- 4

Pron tes eee

MPRIINS BING,

WT IS TAS tee

et SES Mp

“SID aan,

aqatecsD

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SE PUA She

2H, arise

TEN

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FILICALES

MAP 155.—Asplenium protensum

scattered hair-like scales c. 1 mm long. Sori

borne along outermost branch vein of a fork, c.

9 mm long; indusium membranous, entire, c.

0,6 mm broad. Fig. 58: 1.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal and Transvaal. On

shady forest floors, up toc. 1 200 m altitude. Map 154.

Vouchers: Compton 14343 (NBG; PRE); Hart 74

(NU); Schelpe 5954 (BM; BOL); Whellan 1506 (BOL;

SRGH).

A. X flexuosum is treated as a putative hybrid between

A. gemmiferum Schrad. (no. 5) and A. rutifolium (Berg.)

Kunze (no. 20). The hybrid nature of this taxon was sus-

pected in view of the available living specimens failing to

produce normal spores, its low frequency over a wide range

and the variability in the incision of the pinnae. The putative

parents have been present in some of the localities investi-

gated. Absence of chromosome pairing at meiosis has been

observed in the one plant investigated.

181

7. Asplenium protensum Schrad. in

Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 916 (1818); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 149, t. 51 (1915); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 179 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 142

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

354, t. 263 (1983). Type: Cape Province, ? near

Grahamstown, Hesse s.n. (?LE, holo.).

Rhizome ascending, up to 5 mm in diame-

ter, set with appressed, dark brown, narrowly

ovate-deltate, pseudoserrate rhizome-scales up

to 2 mm long with paler borders. Fronds

closely spaced, herbaceous, gemmiferous; stipe

dark brown, densely scaly at first with ap-

pressed scales of different sizes, also with hairs;

lamina very narrowly elliptic to ovate-lanceo-

late, up to 650 X 130 mm, pinnate to shallowly

2-pinnatifid, lower pinnae decrescent; pinnae in

up to 55 pairs, base unequally cuneate, shal-

lowly pinnatifid into linear-oblong, acute,

usually 2- or 3-fid lobes or broadly cuneate and

deeply incised lobes, set with minute, pale,

hair-like scales below and along costa above;

rhachis winged for most of its length, densely

pubescent dorsally with pale hairs, and set with

occasional ovate scales. Sori borne between

costa and lobes, on outermost branch-vein sup-

plying lobes, up to 8 mm long; indusium linear,

membranous, entire, c. 0,4 mm broad. Fig. 55:

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire,

Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, Cameroun,

Nigeria, Fernando Po, Madagascar, Mauritius. A lithophyte

on mossy boulders in deep shade in forest, 650-2 000 m.

Map 155. ?

Vouchers: Braithwaite 154 (BOL); Compton 14307

(NBG; PRE); Fisher 1010 (BLFU; NU; PRE); MacOwan

316 (BM; PRE; SAM).

8. Asplenium friesiorum C. Chr. in No-

tizbl. bot. Gart. Mus. Berl. 9: 181 (1924);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 178 (1970); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 142 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 353, t. 262 (1983). Type: Kenya, Mt

Kenya, R.E. & T.C.£, Fries 3/3 (7B, holo.;

K!; S—BOL, photo.!).

Tarachia friesiorum (C. Chr.) Momose in J. Jap. Bot.

35: 321, figs 33, 34 (1960).

Asplenium serra var. natalense Bak. in Hook. & Bak.,

Syn. Fil. edn 2: 485 (1883), as natalensis. Type: Natal,

Buchanan s.n.

FIG. 57.—1, Asplenium prionitis, part of frond, x 0,6 (Buchanan sub BOL 23504). 2, Asplenium gemmiferum,

part of frond, < 0,6 (Schelpe 5590).

FILICALES

182

HERRAT MART H

part of frond, x 0,6 (Schelpe 5954). 2, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, part

FIG. 58.—1, Asplenium x flexuosum,

of frond, x 0,6 (Esterhuysen 26259).

FILICALES 183

23 *f

= eS

NEE eS

By i ies

SPR ed PENSE nae

eRe

eSS\A

\N SSS

AW SSS 5

e ( thy mls Ss

HERRAT

MARCH

FIG. 59.—Asplenium friesiorum, 1, upper and 1a, lower parts of frond; 1b, part of rhizome, all x 0,6 (Schelpe

5430).

FILICALES

184

Soy

es SSoh 2

Fat Re"

Soe a e

SZ Sake wt _ iets fi SA ads

ee TT ay, RN aA | S| | Ng aan

aE RE yyy wo”

FILICALES

Asplenium serra sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 153, t.

56 (1915).

Asplenium monilisorum Domin in Preslia 8: 7 (1927).

Type: Natal, McKen & Buchanan 24 (K, holo.!).

Rhizome widely creeping, up to 8 mm in

diameter, set with nitid, brown, subentire to

irregularly fimbriate, hair-pointed rhizome-

scales c. 4 mm long. Fronds widely spaced,

thinly coriaceous, not gemmiferous; stipe dull,

light to dark brown, set with scattered scales;

lamina narrowly elliptic, acuminate, up to 800

x 260 mm, pinnate, basal pinnae reduced, api-

cal segment deeply pinnatifid; pinnae in up to

35 pairs, linear-attenuate, base unequally cu-

neate and somewhat auriculate acroscopically,

margin serrate to shallowly lobed with oblong

serrate lobes, upper surface glabrous, lower

surface set with scattered fimbriate scales. Sori

borne in 2 rows closely set along costa, c. 5—10

mm long; indusium membranous, entire, c. 0,8

mm broad. Fig. 59.

Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan,

Cameroun and Nigeria. Forest undergrowth, 1 300-2 600

m. Map 156.

Vouchers: Hardcastle 67 (PRE); Johnstone 78 (NU);

117 (NU); Schelpe 1683 (BOL; NH; NU).

9. Asplenium sandersonii Hook., Sp.

Fil. 3: 147, t. 179 (1860); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 139, t. 43 fig. 1 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 184, t. 53B (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.:

145 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 371, t. 278 (1983). Type: Natal, ravine in

Fields Hill, Sanderson s.n. (K, holo.!).

Rhizome erect, c. 3 mm in diameter, set

with brown, lanceolate-attenuate, entire rhi-

zome-scales c. 4 mm long. Fronds tufted,

thinly carnose-coriaceous, gemmiferous (bud

borne at end of an extension of rhachis); stipe

green when fresh, less than 4 lamina length,

set with scattered scales with broadened fim-

briate bases; lamina linear, c. 165 <X 20 mm,

pinnate, narrowly winging rhachis; pinnae in up

to 32 pairs, rhombic-dimidiate to cuneate tend-

ing to lunate, basal pinnae reduced, outer mar-

gin shallowly lobed into usually 4-6 (up to 9)

entire, obtuse lobes, upper surface glabrous,

lower surface set with substellate scales. Sori

MAP 157.—Asplenium sandersonii

oblong to semicircular, up to 5 per pinna, c. 2,5

mm long; indusium thinly membranous, lace-

rate, c. | mm broad. Fig. 60: 2.

Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Malawi, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan,

Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoro Islands and Sao

Tomé. Common gregarious low-level epiphyte in moist for-

est, and occasionally found as a lithophyte on mossy bould-

ers or on forest floors, 350-3 300 m. Map 157.

Vouchers: Burrows 1337 (BOL; NBG); Johnstone 615

(NU); Pegler 489 (PRE); Schelpe 1618 (NH; NU);

Schlechter 4760 (BM; BOL; GRA; K; PRE).

FIG. 60.—1, Asplenium erectum var. erectum, part of plant, x 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of pinna, X 3,6

(Schelpe 4332). 2, Asplenium sandersonii, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe 5630). 3, Asplenium lunulatum, part of plant,

x 0,6; 3a, detail of lower surface of pinna, < 3 (Schelpe 4348).

FILICALES

186

AY Bs

NSA Be

g Ny

ba YER3

G83 )/23

af <

Les TS

MES ca

z= cA

Gy ae

s et

Ae NGS

ss oe

TOV

enfSd 2

Ei}

FILICALES

10. Asplenium stoloniferum Bory in

Voy. 1: 329 (1804); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 370, t. 18 (1983). Type: Réunion,

Plaine de Chicots, Bory s.n. (P, holo.!; BM,

1SO.).

Asplenium dentatum Krauss ex Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil.

Afr. Austr. 17 (1858), non L. (1753); Krauss in Flora 1846:

131 (1846), nomen.

Asplenium kraussii T. Moore ex Hook., Sp. Fil. 3: 147,

t. 180A (1860); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 138, t. 43 fig. 2

(1915). Type: Natal, Boschman’s Rand, Krauss 25 (K,

holo.!; BM!).

Rhizome erect, up to 3 mm in diameter,

set with dark brown, lanceolate-acuminate, en-

tire rhizome-scales c. 2 mm long. Fronds

tufted, thinly herbaceous, not gemmiferous;

stipe greenish, shorter than lamina, set with

hair-like scales of different sizes; amina linear,

c. 120 X 16 mm, pinnate, lower pinnae decres-

cent; pinnae in up to 21 pairs, oblong to rhom-

bic or deltate, base forming an angle of c. 90°,

generally broader than long, outer margins

sharply dentate, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori

usually 2 or 3 per pinna, 2-3 mm long; indu-

sium thinly membranous, entire to erose, c. 1

mm broad. Fig. 61: 3.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Orange Free

State, Transvaal and Réunion. Lithophytic and epiphytic in

forest shade, c. 1 300—2 100 m altitude. Map 158.

Vouchers: Acocks 11526 (NH; PRE); Dieterlen 820a

(PRE); Pegler 1637 (BM; BOL; K; PRE); Schelpe 1543

(BM; NH; NU); Schlechter 6846 (GRA; PRE).

MAP 158.—Asplenium stoloniferum

187

11. Asplenium trichomanes L., Sp. Pl. 2:

1080 (1853); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 140, t.

44 fig. 1 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 174

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

341, t. 251 (1983). Type: Europe (LINN

1250/12, holo.!).

Rhizome erect, c. 2 mm in diameter, set.

with lanceolate, attenuate, minutely serrulate,

dark brown rhizome-scales up to 4 mm long,

often with paler reddish brown margins. Fronds

tufted, firmly membranous, gemmiferous; stipe

castaneous, usually less than '/, lamina length,

glabrous; lamina narrowly linear, up to 150 xX

15 mm, somewhat tapering basally, pinnate;

pinnae in up to 32 pairs, broadly oblong-circu-

lar, the unequally cuneate base forming an an-

gle of 90°, outer margin crenate to dentate, up-

per surface glabrous, lower surface set with

scattered, minute, pale or dark, 1- or 2-celled

scales. Sori 2 to 7 per pinna, c. 1,5 mm long;

indusium yellowish membranous, erose, c. 0,3

mm broad. Fig. 61: 1.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Orange

‘Free State, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ethiopia, Soma-

lia, Socotra, Algeria, Morocco, Canary Islands, Azores,

British Isles; North America as far south as Mexico (Knob-

loch & Correll, 1962), as well as Eurasia. Also Australia

and New Zealand. Rock crevices and boulder bases,

1 200-3 300 m. Map 159.

Vouchers: Bolus 577 (BOL; NBG; PRE); Dieterlen

569 (PRE; SAM); Esterhuysen 26044 (B; BM; BOL; C;

GH; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S); Hilliard & Burtt 10456 (NU);

Potts 4769 (BLFU).

MAP 159.—Asplenium trichomanes

FIG. 61.—1, Asplenium trichomanes, part of plant, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of pinna, xX 5,4 (Esterhuysen

26099a). 2, Asplenium lobatum, frond, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X 6 (Sim s.n.). 3,

Asplenium stoloniferum, part of plant, x 0,6; 3a, detail of lower surface of pinnae, X 2,4 (Buchanan sub BOL 23496).

FILICALES

188

SY s/

SAS

FILICALES

12. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes in

Eaton, Ferns N. Amer. 1: 24 (1878); Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 140, t. 45 fig. 1 (1915);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 343, t. 253

(1983). Type: North America, Virginia, Clay-

ton s.n. (Holotype lost—BM, photo.!).

Acrostichum platyneuron L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1069 (1753).

Rhizome erect to suberect, c. 4 mm in dia-

meter, set with dark brown to black, lanceolate-

attenuate, subentire rhizome-scales c. 3 mm

long. Fronds tufted, firmly membranous, not

gemmiferous; stipe atrocastaneous, nitid, less

than '/, lamina length, set at first with hair-like

scales; lamina linear, c. 240 < 26 mm, pinnate,

lower pinnae decrescent; pinnae in up to 50

pairs, subsessile, set at 90° or more to rhachis;

midpinnae linear to oblong or lanceolate,

auriculate acroscopically, base cordate, over-

lapping rhachis, margin somewhat irregularly

crenate-serrate, incisions sometimes alternating

deeper and shallower, upper surface glabrous,

lower surface set with minute pale or dark-

tipped scales; venation obscure. Sori up to 18

per pinna, c. 2 mm long; indusium membra-

nous, erose, c. 0,5 mm broad. Fig. 62: 3.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho and

Transvaal. Also North America and Jamaica (Christensen,

1905). Forest floors, streambanks and shady ledges,

1 200-2 200 m. Map 160.

Vouchers: Killick 833 (NU; PRE); Pott 4860 (BOL;

PRE); Schelpe 6558 (B; BOL; C; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE;

S).

MAP 160.—Asplenium platyneuron

189

13. Asplenium monanthes L., Mant. 1:

130 (Oct. 1767); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 141,

t. 46 fig. 1 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 175,

t. 53D (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 342, t. 252 (1983). Type: Cape of Good

Hope (LINN 1250/17, holo.!).

Asplenium monanthemum L., Syst. Nat. edn 12, 2: 690

(Oct. 1767). Type as above.

Rhizome erect to suberect, c. 3 mm in dia-

meter, set with black, lanceolate-attenuate,

hair-pointed rhizome-scales c. 4 mm long, with

reddish-brown subentire borders. Fronds

tufted, firmly membranous, rarely gemmiferous

on stipe; stipe atrocastaneous, shorter than

lamina, nitid, set at first with attenuate sinuose

scales, persistent basally; lamina linear, acute,

somewhat decrescent, up to 300 X 25 mm, pin-

nate; pinnae in up to 45 pairs, oblong-falcate,

becoming broadly cuneate-flabellate basally,

outer margins prominently crenate-dentate, up-

per surface glabrous, lower surface, with occa-

sional 1- or 2-celled scales. Sori usually solitary

on each pinna (occasionally 2), c. 2 mm long,

set on vein nearest to and running parallel to

basiscopic margin; indusium membranous, sub-

entire, c. 0,6 mm broad. Fig. 62: 1.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Orange

Free State, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Tanzania,

Kenya, Sudan; Fernando Po, Madeira, Madagascar, Réu-

nion, Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island. Also America,

from Mexico to Bolivia and Chile, Jamaica and Hawaii

(Christensen, 1905, 1913). Shaded forest floors and gullies,

1 400-2 500 m. Map 161.

MAP 161.—Asplenium monanthes

FIG. 62.—1, Asplenium monanthes, frond, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of pinna, x 6 (Whellan 1509). 2,

Asplenium erectum var. usambarense, part of plant, X 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of upper pinna, Xx 6 (Schelpe

5586). 3, Asplenium platyneuron, part of plant, < 0,6 (Schelpe s.n.).

190

Vouchers: Dieterlen 710 (PRE); Flanagan 1678 (BOL;

PRE; SAM); Johnstone 282 (BM; NU); Leendertz 851

(BOL; GRA; PRE); Whellan 1509 (BOL; SRGH).

14. Asplenium lunulatum Swartz in

J. Bot. Gott. 1800, 2: 52 (1801); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 144, t. 47 (1915); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 344, t. 254 (1983). Type:

Cape Province, Thunberg s.n. (UPS, holo.!).

Asplenium erectum var. lunulatum (Swartz) Sim, Kaffra-

rian Ferns 40, t. 32 (1891).

Asplenium falcatum Thunb., Prodr. 172 (1800), non

Lam. (1786), nec Retz. (1791).

Asplenium erectum var. minor Sim, Kaffrarian Ferns 40,

t. 31 fig. 2 (1891). Asplenium lunulatum var. minor (Sim)

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 144, t. 45 fig. 2 (1915). Type:

Cape Province, Dohne Hill, Sim s.n. (PRE, holo.).

Rhizome erect, c. 4 mm in diameter, set

with dark brown to black, lanceolate-acumi-

nate, entire rhizome-scales c. 3,5 mm long.

Fronds tufted, thinly herbaceous, gemmiferous;

stipe grey-green, shorter than lamina, glabrous

at maturity; lamina narrowly linear-lanceolate,

c. 300 X 30 mm, pinnate, basal pinnae grad-

ually decrescent; pinnae in up to 45 pairs, ob-

long-obtuse, falcate, base forming an angle of

90° and auriculate acroscopically to a greater or

lesser degree, basiscopic margin perpendicular

to rhachis, margin regularly crenate-serrate, up-

per surface glabrous, lower surface set with oc-

casional minute, light brown, hair-like scales.

Sori borne midway along unforked veins, c. 2

mm long; indusium membranous, ovate-ob-

long, entire, c. 0,5 mm broad. Fig. 60: 3.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal and Transvaal, Zim-

babwe and Malawi. A forest species, sporadic in deep shade

on humus-covered boulders and forest floors, from 25 to

1 200 m altitude. Map 162.

MAP 162.—Asplenium lunulatum

FILICALES

Vouchers: Rudatis 1033 (BM; PRE; S); Smook 626

(NU); Strey 8983 (BOL; NH; NU); Thorncroft 10 (PRE).

15. Asplenium erectum Bory ex Willd. in

L.,.9p..Ph.edn 4,.5;328:(1810);-W. B.-G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 345, t.4, 255 (1983).

Type: Réunion, Bory s.n., Herb. Willdenow

no. 19906 (B, lecto.!).

Rhizome erect, c. 3 mm in diameter, set

with dark brown, lanceolate, acuminate, suben-

tire rhizome-scales c. 5 mm long. Fronds

tufted, firmly membranous, not gemmiferous;

Stipe castaneous, usually less than “4 lamina

length, with narrow green wings in upper half

and sparsely scaly at first; lamina narrowly el-

liptic, up to 400 X 55 mm, pinnate to 2-pinnati-

fid, winging rhachis, lower pinnae decrescent;

pinnae in up to 40 pairs, somewhat falcate,

acroscopic basal lobe separated to a greater or

lesser extent, base unequally cuneate, margin

deeply serrate, serrations single or paired, gla-

brous. Sori up to 15 per pinna, extending from

near costa 4-% to margin; indusium membra-

nous, entire to erose, c. 0,3 mm broad. Fig. 60:

PeGz: 2.

Lamina narrowly elliptic; basal auricle of lower

PMINAG MEt WSC cas cs scaidansuath's «+ cena (a). var. erectum

Lamina linear-elliptic; basal auricle of lower

PHNNAC TCS ohaicsenn iesePentneyens (b). var. usambarense

15(a). var. erectum. |

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 175 (1970).

Asplenium lunulatum var. erectum (Bory ex Willd.) Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 145, t. 47c, t. 48 (1915).

Asplenium mutilatum Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 171 (1824).

Type: Cape Peninsula (?7HAL, holo.).

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal, Mozambique, Ma-

lawi, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Comoro

Islands, Réunion, Mauritius, Gough Island and Tristan da

Cunha. Forest floors in shade, but occasionally an epiphyte

in very wet forest, 280-1 600 m and 2 600 m in tropical

Africa. Map 163.

Vouchers: Fisher 788 (BM; NH; PRE); Schelpe 5020

(B; BOL; C; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S); 6059 (BM; BOL;

PRE); Schirach 282 (BOL; NBG).

15(b). var. usambarense (Hieron.)

Schelpe in Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41:

207 (1967); in F.Z. Pterid.: 176, t. 53F (1970);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 347

(1983). Type: Uganda, Butagu Valley, Mild-

braed 2713 (B, holo.).

Asplenium sphenolobium var. usambarense Hieron. in

Wiss. Ergebn. dt. ZentAfr.-Exped. 2: 14 (1911). Asplenium

usambarense (Hieron.) Hieron. in Hedwigia 60: 227

(1918), nom. illeg.

FILICALES

MAP 163.—Asplenium erectum var. erectum

_ Asplenium zeyheri Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr.

18 (1858); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr 348, t. 257

(1983). Asplenium erectum var. zeyheri (Pappe & Raws.)

T. Moore, Ind. Fil. 127 (1859). Asplenium lunulatum var.

zeyheri (Pappe & Raws.) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 1: 139, t.

67c (1892); edn 2: 145, t. 49c (1915). Syntypes: Cape Pro-

vince, Uitenhage, Rubidge s.n. (?7BM); near Philipstown,

Kat River, Ecklon & Zeyher s.n. (?BM).

Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, Cameroun, Ni-

geria, Sao Tomé and Fernando Po, as well as Sri Lanka and

India. Shaded forest floors, c. 1 000-1 750 m. Map 164.

Vouchers: Braithwaite 148 (BOL); 169 (BOL); 233

(BOL); Codd & De Winter 147 (PRE); Ward 448; (NPB;

NU).

16. Asplenium inaequilaterale Willd. in

L., Sp. Pl. edn 4, 5: 322 (1810); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 176, t. 53C (1970); in C.F.A. Pte-

rid.: 139 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 347, t. 246 (1983). Type: Réunion,

Bory s.n., Herb. Willdenow no. 19896 (B,

holo.!).

Asplenium brachyotus Kunze in Linnaea 10: 512 (1836).

Asplenium erectum var. brachyotus (Kunze) Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 1: 138, t. 66 (1892). Asplenium laetum var. bra-

chyotus (Kunze) Bonap., Not. Pterid. 16: 60 (1925). Type:

Transkei, between the Umsikaba and Umzimvubu Rivers,

Drége s.n. (LZ, holo.t; BM!).

Asplenium laetum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 150, t.

50 (1915), non Swartz (1806).

Rhizome erect, up to 4 mm in diameter,

set with dark brown, entire, lanceolate-atten-

uate rhizome-scales c. 2,5 mm long. Fronds

tufted, firmly membranous, not gemmiferous;

stipe greenish brown, subglabrous at maturity;

lamina narrowly oblong-acuminate, up to 320

19]

MAP 164.—Asplenium erectum var. usambarense

x 130 mm, winging rhachis, pinnate, lower

pinnae not decrescent; pinnae in 12-20 pairs,

narrowly oblong, obtuse to attenuate, base un-

equally cuneate, crenate-serrate, crenations

emarginate, upper surface glabrous, lower sur-

face set with scattered minute scales; apical

segment crenate-serrate. Sori borne on outer-

most branch-vein of a fork, midway between

costa and margin, c. 4 mm long; indusium

membranous, entire, c. 0,8 mm long. Fig. 63:1.

Transkei, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania,

Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Ethiopia, Gabon, Cameroun,

Togo, Ghana, Liberia, Fernando Po, S40 Tomé, Réunion

and Comoro Islands. On forest floors and streambanks in

dense shade, 25-1 400 m. Map 165.

Vouchers: Fisher 1007 (BOL; NU; PRE); Pegler 963

(BOL; PRE); Schelpe 5042 (BOL).

MAP 165.—Asplenium inaequilaterale

192 FILICALES

SSMQNY'Z LE (es

SSS — me

HERRAT MARCH

FILICALES

17. Asplenium dregeanum Kunze in

Linnaea 10: 517 (1836); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn

2: 166, t. 67 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.:

184 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 146 (1977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 372, t. 279

(1983). Type: Transkei, between the Umsikaba

and Umzimvubu Rivers, Drége 158 (LZ, ho-

lo.t; BM, lecto.!; HBG-BOL, photo. !; P).

Rhizome erect, c. 3 mm in diameter, set

with dark brown, entire, lanceolate rhizome-

scales c. 3 mm long, with narrow, pale ferrugi-

neous margins. Fronds tufted, firmly membra-

nous, gemmiferous; stipe greenish brown, with

narrow green wings when fresh, usually less

than 4% lamina length, set with occasional

scales; lamina linear-lanceolate to narrowly ob-

long-elliptic, up to 390 X 60 mm, base not

gradually decrescent, deeply 2- to 3-pinnatifid;

pinnae in up to 32 pairs, trapeziform, base une-

qually cuneate, acroscopic basal lobe 2- to 4-

fid, other segments very narrowly oblong-ob-

tuse (although second acroscopic segment

sometimes bifid), upper surface set with occa-

sional substellate scales, lower surface set with

scattered substellate scales. Sori one per lobe,

c. 2 mm long; indusium membranous, entire, c.

0,8 mm broad.

Transkei, Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan,

Cameroun, Nigeria, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia,

Sierra Leone, Sao Tomé, Fernando Po, Comoro Islands and

Madagascar. A forest species usually occurring in masses

on boulders in deep shade, but occasionally found as a low-

level epiphyte, between 25 and 1 700 m in Southern Africa.

Map 166.

MAP 166.—Asplenium dregeanum

193

Vouchers: Hardcastle 265 (NU; PRE); Medley Wood

s.n. (NH; PRE; SAM); Schelpe 5041 (B; BM; BOL; GH; K;

M; MO; P; PRE; S; US).

18. Asplenium preussii Hieron. ex

Brause in Wiss. Ergebn. dt. ZentAfr.-Exped. 2:

9, t. 1D (1910). Type: Cameroun, Mt Camer-

oon, Bovea, Preuss 584 (B, holo.).

Asplenium auriculatum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

167, t. 68 (1915).

Asplenium thunbergii sensu Alston & Schelpe in Jl S.

Afr. Bot. 17: 161 (1952), non Kunze (1836).

Asplenium pseudoauriculatum Schelpe in Bolm Soc. bro-

teriana, sér. 2, 41: 206 (1967); in F.Z. Pterid.: 185, t. 54B

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 373 (1983).

Type: Mozambique, Manica & Sofala, Garuso, Jaegers-

berg, Schelpe 5626 (BOL, holo.!; BM!).

Asplenium preussii subsp. austroafricanum Schelpe in

Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41: 208 (1967); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 373, t. 280 (1983). Type: Natal,

Nkandhla Forest, Schelpe 1688 (BOL, holo.!).

Rhizome erect, c. 7 mm in diameter, set

with dark brown, narrowly ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate, entire rhizome-scales c. 4 mm long

with narrow paler margins. Fronds tufted, her-

baceous, gemmiferous; stipe greenish, subgla-

brous at maturity except for somewhat fimbriate

scales of different sizes basally; lamina lanceo-

late to narrowly elliptic attenuate, c. 250 x 85

mm, base reduced but not gradually decrescent,

pinnate to deeply 2-pinnatifid, basal acroscopic

lobe of each pinna further divided; pinnae in c.

18 pairs, lanceolate, falcate, basal acroscopic

lobe much-developed, other lobes oblanceolate

to very narrowly obovate, 1- or 2-fid (occasio-

nally up to 4-fid), each bearing a single sorus,

upper surface glabrous, lower surface set with

minute substellate and larger fimbriate scales.

Sori c. 4mm long; indusium membranous, sub-

entire, c. 0,75 mm broad. Fig. 63: 2.

Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Zaire, Kenya, Cameroun, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Guinea

and Fernando Po. Uncommon in deep forest shade, terres-

trial, lithophytic on mossy boulders or a low-level epiphyte,

1 090-1 800 m. Map 167.

Vouchers: Fisher 692 (NH; NU); Medley Wood (GRA;

PRE; SAM); Rudatis 1097 (BM; S).

With the availability of a larger and wider range of

material, apparent intergradation between the Southern and

tropical African plants has led to the treatment of the com-

plex as a single variable species.

FIG. 63.—1, Asplenium inaequilaterale, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe 5042). 2, Asplenium preussii, part of frond,

X 0,6 (Schelpe 1688).

194 FILICALES

——

~ j hs Ys

: GE AINE

NOAA SS

ANY ~

ome

TA.

—— Ss

ON R

= ’ AA

RNY

uC y ug KIKI y

Q [enon~E= 1

PR, SS

SS=

‘=a

oh Zt Tt,

SOT VHF?

Y Vy /

FILICALES

! 4 ie ‘

* 4

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ee met.)

—- YQ =I

Ler aed

[eveta|>

MAP 167.—Asplenium preussii

19. Asplenium theciferum (H.B.K.)

Mett. in Ann. Sci. Nat., sér. 5, 2: 227 (1864).

Type: Venezuela, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.

Var. concinnum (Schrad.) Schelpe in

Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41: 210 (1932); in

F.Z. Pterid.: 188, t. 54D (1970); in C.F.A.

Pterid.: 148 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 378, t. 284 (1983). Type: Cape Pro-

vince, ? near Grahamstown, Hesse s.n. (?LE,

holo.).

Davallia concinna Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 918

(1818). Loxoscaphe concinnum (Schrad.) T. Moore in J.

iBot., Lond. 5: 227 (1853). Asplenium concinnum (Schrad. )

Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 99 (1868). Loxoscaphe theciferum var. con-

cinnum (Schrad.) C. Chr. in Dansk. bot. Ark. 7: 104

(1932).

Davallia campyloptera Kunze in Linnaea 10: 544 (1836).

Type: Cape Province, near Plettenberg Bay, Drége s.n.

(LZ, holo. f).

Asplenium theciferum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

171, t. 72 (4919),

Rhizome erect, c. 5 mm in diameter, set

with lanceolate, attenuate, irregularly ciliate-

fimbriate, dark brown rhizome-scales c. 4 mm

long with paler margins. Fronds tufted, car-

nose-coriaceous, not gemmiferous; stipe green,

set with scattered fimbriate scales; Jamina nar-

rowly ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic,

acute, up to 180 X 45 mm, deeply 2-pinnatifid

to 3-pinnatifid, winging rhachis and most of

stipe, basal pinnae hardly reduced; pinnae in c.

10 pairs, oblong to trapeziform, deeply divided

MAP 168 .—Asplenium theciferum var. concinnum

into obliquely spathulate lobes, _ basal

acroscopic lobe usually bifid, upper surface gla-

brous, lower surface set with occasional fim-

briate scales up to 1 mm _ long; venation

obscure. Sori cupuliform, one borne terminally

on each lobe, up to 2 mm long, acentric (sub-

tended on one side by a triangle of lamina);

indusium membranous, entire, c. 1 mm broad.

Fig. 64: 2.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Angola,

Zambia, Zaire, Kenya and Tanzania. Occasional low- to

mid-level epiphyte or lithophyte, in forest, 850—2 300 m.

Map 168.

Vouchers: Braithwaite 177 (BOL); Moll & Morris 676

(NU); Schlechter 7000 (BM; GRA; PRE); Tyson 1777

(BOL; PRE; SAM).

The typical variety of A. theciferum from tropical

South America has a ‘horn’ of tissue, subtending the sorus,

which is usually much longer than in the Southern African

specimens; it also occurs occasionally in tropical Africa.

20. Asplenium rutifolium (Berg.) Kunze

in Linnaea 10: 521 (1836); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 374, t. 281 (1983). Type: Cape

of Good Hope, Thunberg s.n. (SBT, holo.!).

Caenopteris rutifolium Berg. in Acta Petropol. 1782, 2:

249, t. 7 fig. 2 (1786).

Adiantum achilleifolium Lam., Encycl. 1: 43 (1783). As-

plenium achilleifolium (Lam.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 99 (1905),

non Liebm. (1849). Type: Cape of Good Hope (P, holo.).

Asplenium bipinnatum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

169, t. 71 (1915), non (Forssk.) C. Chr. (1910).

FIG. 64.—1, Asplenium hypomelas, part of frond, x 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of ultimate segment, X c. 3,6

(Schelpe 5366). 2, Asplenium theciferum var. concinnum, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe & Leach 6921).

196

FILICALES

HERRAT MARCH

FILICALES

MAP 169.—Asplenium rutifolium

Rhizome erect, c. 6 mm in diameter, set

with lanceolate, dark brown, somewhat fim-

briate, attenuate rhizome-scales up to 4 mm

long with paler borders. Fronds tufted, thinly to

thickly coriaceous, not gemmiferous; stipe

greenish to pale brown when dry, becoming

glabrous at maturity; Jamina narrowly elliptic-

acute, up to 450 xX 130 mm, deeply 3- to 4-

pinnatifid; pinnae in up to 19 pairs, unequally

deltate to lanceolate, progressively more di-

vided from apex to base, base unequally cu-

neate, acroscopic margin more developed; ulti-

mate lobes oblanceolate to oblong to obovate,

acute, upper surface glabrous, lower surface set

with occasional scales c. 1 mm long. Sori one

per lobe, borne halfway along length of lobe or

more towards apex, c. 2 mm long; indusium

membranous, entire, extending from costa al-

most to margin, c. 0,4 mm broad. Fig. 65: 1.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya.

Frequent low-level epiphyte in streambank forest, and occa-

sionally terrestrial or lithophytic, 30—1 700 m. Map 169.

Vouchers: Clarkson 258 (BM; BOL; NU); Fisher 801

(NH; NU; PRE); Schelpe 5969 (BM; BOL; PRE);

Schlechter 1801 (J; NBG; PRE); Ward 2117 (BOL; MO;

NU).

21. Asplenium hypomelas Kuhn, Fil.

Afr. 104 (1868); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 187, t.

54A (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 147 (1977);

W.B.G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 377, t. 283

(1983). Type: Fernando Po, Mann 448 (K,

holo.!).

197

Davallia nigrescens Hook., Sec. Cent. t. 93 (1861), non

Asplenium nigrescens Blume (1828). Loxoscaphe nigres-

fis (Hook.) T. Moore, Ind. Fil. 297 (1861). Type as

above.

Davallia hollandii Sim in Trans. S. Afr. phil. Soc. 16:

274, t. 4 (1906). Asplenium hollandii (Sim) C. Chr., Ind.

Fil., Suppl. 1: 11 (1913); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 173, t.

69 (1915). Type: Mozambique, Penhalonga, Holland s.n.

(PRE, holo.!; NBG!).

Rhizome erect, often long, set with nar-

rowly lanceolate, attenuate, nitid, brown, irre-

gularly fimbriate, hair-pointed rhizome-scales

c. 10 mm long. Fronds tufted, herbaceous, not

gemmiferous; stipe dark brown, densely set at

first with fimbriate, hair-pointed scales; lamina

lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, up to 1,4 x

0,46 m, deeply 4- to 5-pinnatifid, basal pinnae

reduced; pinnae in up to 25 pairs, lanceolate-

attenuate; pinnules in up to 18 pairs, ovate-lan-

ceolate, acroscopic lobe largest, otherwise

divided into somewhat rhombic 3- to 5-lobed

segments; ultimate lobes oblanceolate, acute, c.

1,2 mm broad, unequally expanded around

sori. Sori extending from costa to margin, c.

1,2 mm long; indusium membranous, entire, c.

0,75 mm broad. Fig. 64: 1.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, An-

gola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Cameroun, Fer-

nando Po and Sao Tomé. Known from only one collection

in Southern Africa. A. hypomelas usually occurs as a low-

level epiphyte, in dense shade in moist forest in the eastern

districts of Zimbabwe, between 1 300 and 1 900 m altitude,

and 2 250 m in tropical Africa. Map 170.

Voucher: Mogg s.n. (J 41513).

The species superficially resembles certain forms of A.

lobatum (below). See there for notes.

MAP 170.—Asplenium hypomelas

FIG. 65.—1, Asplenium rutifolium, frond, x 0,6 (Braithwaite 193). 2, Asplenium varians subsp. fimbriatum, part

of plant, x 0,6 (Buchanan sub BOL 23509). 3, Ceterach cordatum, upper and lower surfaces of fronds, X 0,6; 3a, detail

of lower surface of ultimate segment, < 6 (Bosman 2876).

198

22. Asplenium lobatum Pappe & Raws.,

‘Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr. 22 (1858); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 177, t. 53A (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 349, t. 258 (1983). Syntypes:

Transkei, Espinasse s.n. (BM!); Cape Pro-

vince, Albany, Atherstone s.n. (BM!); Tsitsi-

kamma, Rubidge s.n. (BM!).

Asplenium erectum var. lobatum (Pappe & Raws.) Alston

& Schelpe in JIS. Afr. Bot. 18: 161 (1952).

Asplenium gracile Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr.

22 (1858), non D. Don (1825). Asplenium lunulatum var.

gracile (Pappe & Raws.) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 146, t.

49 (1915). Asplenium erectum var. gracile (Pappe &

Raws.) Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 222, t. 30 figs 4, 5

(1958). Type: Natal, Gueinzius s.n. (S, holo.).

Asplenium pappei T. Moore, Ind. Fil. 152 (1859), nom.

nov. for A. gracile.

Rhizome erect, up to 7 mm in diameter,

set with dark brown, lanceolate-acuminate,

subentire rhizome-scales up to 6 mm long with

narrow paler borders. Fronds tufted, membran-

ous, usually not gemmiferous (occasionally

proliferating at lamina base); stipe matt green-

ish brown, subglabrous at maturity; /amina nar-.

rowly elliptic, up to 350 xX 135 mm, apex acu-

minate, winging rhachis for most of its length,

2-pinnate to 4-pinnatifid, lower pinnae decres-

cent; pinnae narrowly oblong-deltate, basal

acroscopic pinnule overlapping rhachis; pin-

nules rhombic to deltate, coarsely serrate or

divided into 3-fid to 2-fid or linear acute lobes,

upper surface glabrous, lower surface set with

occasional, minute, hair-like, pale scales. Sori

3—6 per pinnule, c. 2 mm long (up to 4 mm);

indusium membranous, entire, c. 0,2 mm

broad. Fig. 61: 2.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Malawi, Mozambique and Madagascar. On deeply

shaded floors of moist forest and occasionally a low-level

epiphyte, 1 100—2 000 m. Map 171.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 26063 (BM; BOL); Flanagan

2268 (PRE); Schelpe 5955 (B; BM; BOL; GH; K; M; MO;

P; PRE; S; US).

The more dissected variety of A. lobatum, var. pseudo-

abyssinicum N.C.Anthony & Schelpe, superficially resem-

bles A. hypomelas Kuhn, but can easily be distinguished

from that species by the nature of the sori which do not form

a bulge in the margin of the lobes. In addition the fronds of

A. hypomelas are usually more than half a metre in length

while A. lobatum has a much smaller frond. At present var.

pseudo-abyssinicum has only been found in Zimbabwe and

Mozambique.

23. Asplenium varians Wall. ex Hook. &

Grev., Ic. Fil. t. 172 (1830). Type: Nepal, Wal-

lich s.n. (K, holo.!).

FILICALES

MAP 171.—Asplenium lobatum

The typical form does not occur in Southern Africa.

Subsp. fimbriatum (Kunze) Schelpe in

Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41: 211 (1967); in

PZ. Pterids 1775 1. 53E (1970): W. 'B.G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 350, t. 259 (1983).

Type: Natal, between the Omfondi and Tugela

Rivers, Gueinzius s.n. (W, holo._BM, photo.!;

HBG-BOL, photo.!; K!).

Asplenium fimbriatum Kunze in Linnaea 18: 117 (1844).

Asplenium varians sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 146,

t, 50MieH 2,4. 57 figs2 (1915).

Rhizome erect, c. 3 mm in diameter, set

with dark brown, nitid, lanceolate-attenuate,

subentire to somewhat fimbriate rhizome-scales

c. 3 mm long. Fronds tufted, firmly membran-

ous to herbaceous, not gemmiferous; stipe

greenish becoming dark brown basally, set with

scattered sinuous, hair-like scales; lamina nar-

rowly elliptic, up to 170 X 80 mm, basal pinnae

somewhat reduced, 2-pinnate; pinnae in up to

12 pairs, acroscopic basal pinnule enlarged;

pinnules and pinnule lobes obovate, c. 6 mm

long, outer margin sharply dentate, upper sur-

face glabrous, lower surface set with minute

scales. Sori 2 to 5 per lobe, c. 3 mm long;

indusium membranous, almost transparent,

erose, c. 0,6 mm broad. Fig. 65: 2.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal,

Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zaire, Kenya and Uganda. On |

mossy shaded boulders, or occasionally on streambanks, in

forest, 1 200-1 800 m. Map 172.

Vouchers: Flanagan 828 (GRA; PRE; SAM);

Johnstone 286 (BM; NU); Junod 4034 (PRE); Schlechter

6782 (GRA; PRE).

FILICALES

MAP 172.—Asplenium varians subsp. fimbriatum

24. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L., Sp.

PI. 2: 1081 (1753). Iconotype: Dodoens, Stir-

pium Historiae Pemptades 466 (1616) (lecto.!).

Rhizome creeping, c. 4 mm in diameter,

set with dark brown, lanceolate, attenuate,

entire rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long. Fronds

very closely spaced, thinly coriaceous, not

gemmiferous; stipe castaneous, subglabrous at

maturity, usually equal to or longer than lamina

length; lamina narrowly deltate to ovate-lanceo-

late, c. 50 X 33-310 X 215 mm, 2- to 3-pin-

nate, basal pinnae largest; pinnae in 7-15 pairs,

unequally cuneate basally; pinnules obcuneate,

oblong or obovate, shallowly lobed to deeply

pinnatifid or pinnate, outer margin sharply den-

tate to serrate, upper surface glabrous, lower

surface set with minute hair-like scales,

especially near bases of segments; venation

obscure above. Sori borne at an oblique angle

on either side of costa, up to 3 mm long; indu-

sium membranous, entire, c. 0,5 mm broad.

Fig: 3822.

Cape Province, Transkei, Lesotho, Natal, Orange Free

State and Transvaal, as well as Libya, Tanzania, Kenya,

Cameroun, Algeria, Morocco, Azores, as well as other

Atlantic islands and Réunion, Europe, Asia and Hawaii

(Christensen, 1905); Mexico (Knobloch & Correll, 1962).

A. adiantum-nigrum is a common species in the more moist

areas of south-western Cape Province, but becomes increa-

singly less frequent eastwards and northwards. It grows ina

wide range of habitats from shaded forest floors to crevices

in exposed rock outcrops, 300—2 000 m altitude.

Lamina up to 150 mm long, 2-pinnate to shallowly

3-pinnatifid, ultimate segments rounded and

evenly dentate with numerous (usually 6~-20)

SINAN ON so cacressaadacrsras (a). var. adiantum-nigrum

199

Lamina up to 330 mm long, deeply 3-pinnati-

fid to 3-pinnate (or occasionally 4-pinnatifid),

ultimate segments elongate and unevenly dentate

with relatively few (usually up to 6 per lobe) large

CE i PR etek Rak Rink al Bist, (b). var. solidum

24 (a). var. adiantum-nigrum.

J. P. Roux, Cape Pensinula Ferns 45

(1979); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

364, t. 271a (1983).

Tarachia adiantum-nigrum (L.) Presl, Epim. Bot. 82

(1849).

Asplenium lucidum Burm. f., Prodr. Fl. Cap. 28 (1768).

Type: Cape of Good Hope. Burmann s.n. (G, holo.-BOL,

photo.!).

Asplenium tabulare Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 916

(1818). Type: Cape, ?Cape Peninsula, Hesse s.n. (LE,

holo.).

Asplenium argutum Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 176 (1824).

Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Chamisso s.n. (LE,

holo.).

Asplenium rawsonii Bak. in J. Bot., Lond. 1872: 362

(1872); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 157, t. 63 fig. 1 (1915).

Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Muizenberg Moun-

tains, Rawson s.n. (K, holo.!).

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum var. obtusum (Kit. ex

Willd.) Sim, sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 1: 149 (1892).

Asplenium marlothii Hieron. in Bot. Jb. 46: 357 (1911).

Type: Cape Province, Kuruman, Marloth 1095 (B, holo.

—BOL, photo.!; PRE!).

Vouchers: Dieterlen 241 (PRE; SAM); Esterhuysen

25705 (BOL); Johnstone 308 (BM; NH; NU); Moss 7137

(J); Saayman 406 (BLFU). Map 173.

12° 14° 16°

\|—] peas ee

(el er weal

MAP 173.—Asplenium adiantum-nigrum var. adian-

tum-nigrum

FILICALES

200

—————__—

————

vii

FIG. 66.—Asplenium blastophorum, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe & Leach 7090).

FILICALES

MAP 174.—Asplenium adiantum-nigrum var. solidum

24(b). var. solidum (Kunze) J. P. Roux,

Cape Peninsula Ferns 45 (1979); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 364, t. 271b (1983).

Type: ae Province, Ruigtevallei, Drége s.n.

(LZ, syn.t; BM, lecto.!).

Asplenium solidum Kunze in Linnaea 10: 520 (1836);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 159, t. 62 (1915). Tarachia solida

(Kunze) Presl, Epim. Bot. 80 (1849).

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 26241 (B; BOL; C; GH; K; M;

MO; P; PR; PRE; S); 26259 (B; BM; BOL; C; GH; K; M;

MO; NBG; NU; P; PR; PRE; S; STE). Map 174.

)

25. Asplenium blastophorum Hieron. in

Bot. Jb. 46: 378 (1911); Schelpe in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 183 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 358, t. 267 (1983). Type: Sudan,

Schweinfurth 3295 (B, lecto.; BM!; K!).

Rhizome creeping, c. 7 mm in diameter,

set with linear-lanceolate, dark brown, entire

rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long, with paler narrow

borders. Fronds tufted, thinly coriaceous, gem-

miferous, rarely gemmiferous at base of apical

segment of each pinna as well as terminally;

stipe matt black, set with fimbriate scales; lam-

ina narrowly oblong-ovate to deltate, acute, up

to 480 xX 200 mm, 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid,

basal pinnae slightly larger than those above;

pinnae lanceolate-deltate, unequally cuneate

basally, attenuate, progressively more deeply

divided towards base into oblong-cuneate or

rhombic pinnae with outer margins sharply ser-

rate and irregularly incised, upper surface gla-

brous, under surface set with occasional scales.

Sori of irregular lengths, up to 20 mm long;

indusium membranous, entire, c. 0,4 mm

broad. Fig. 66.

MAP 175.—Asplenium blastophorum is

Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Kenya,

‘Sudan; also Guinea, Togo, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and East

Africa (Alston, 1959). A forest species growing on forest

floors or on humus-covered boulders, but occasionally as a

low-level epiphyte, 160-1 100 m. Map 175.

Voucher: Braithwaite 48 (BOL).

26. Asplenium splendens Kunze in Lin-

naea 10: 516 (1836). Type: Cape Province,

Krakakamma and Katrivier, Ecklon & Zeyher

sn. (LZ, holo.t; S, lecto.-BOL, photo.!;

L-BOL, photo.!).

Tarachia splendens (Kunze) Presl, Epim. Bot. 83

(1849). Asplenium cuneatum var. splendens (Kunze) Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 161, t. 64 fig. 2 (1915). Asplenium

splendens subsp. splendens; Braithwaite in JI S. Afr. Bot.

38: 12, fig. la-f, fig. 2a—b (1972); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 365, t. 272 (1983).

Asplenium cuneatum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

161, t. 64 fig. 1 (1915).

Rhizome creeping, c. 5 mm in diameter,

set with dark brown, nitid, subentire, hair-

pointed rhizome-scales c. 5 mm long. Fronds

spaced 5-20 mm apart, herbaceous to thinly

coriaceous, not gemmiferous; stipe matt brown,

thickly set at first with irregularly fimbriate

scales up to 5 mm long, persistent basally; lam-

ina subovate, up to 370 X 180 mm, basal pin-

nae not conspicuously reduced, 2- to 3-pinnate;

pinnae in 9-16 pairs, subdivided into as many

as 16 cuneate rounded trapeziform pinnules,

outer margin shallowly lobed, lobes sharply

dentate to crenate, upper surface glabrous,

lower surface set with hair-like, fimbriate-based

scdles, especially at bases of segments. Sori of

irregular lengths, up to 10 mm long; indusium

membranous, entire, c. 0,3 mm broad. Fig.

67:1.

202 FILICALES

ee TRAN PAAR Tee a A Cal

FILICALES

~ tee

+—+

—~

Sa Se

de |

MAP 176.—Asplenium splendens

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland and

Transvaal. Forest floors or rarely a low-level epiphyte,

25-1 700 m. Map 176.

Vouchers: Daly 779 (GRA; PRE); Schelpe 5964 (B;

BOL; GH; K; M; MO; P; PRE; S; US): Taylor 2634 (BOL;

NBG); Wager 115 (PRE); 116 (PRE); Ward 2257 (BOL;

NPB; NU).

According to Braithwaite (1972) A. splendens has been

involved in the formation of 2 taxa by hybridisation and

polyploidy. He recognised the subspecific taxon A. splen-

dens subsp. drakensbergense and postulated the formation

of specific taxa as follows: A. splendens subsp. splendens (n

= 72) X A. splendens subsp. drakensbergense (n = 72) =

A. multiforme Krass. (n = 144). A. splendens X A. ramlo-

wii Braithwaite (n = 72) = A. schelpei Braithwaite (n =

144). This latter postulate is questionable as A. schelpei is

said to occur in Transvaal while A. ramlowii has not been

found south of the Melsetter district of Zimbabwe.

The present authors prefer to regard A. multiforme and

A. schelpei as cytospecies, and A. splendens sens. lat. as a

species complex.

27. Asplenium simii Braithwaite &

Schelpe in Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41:

209 (1967); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 181

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

369, t. 276 (1983). Type: Zimbabwe, Vumba

Mountains, Elephant Forest, Chase 6274

(BOL, holo.!; SRGH).

Asplenium cuneatum var. angustatum Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn’ 1: 152, t. 78 fie. 2 (1892); edn 2: 162, :t. 63 fig. 2

(1915). Asplenium splendens var. angustatum (Sim) C.

Chr. in Dansk bot. Ark. 7: 100 (1932). Type: Cape Pro-

vince, Knysna forest, Barkly s.n. (SAM 50586, holo.!).

Rhizome erect, c. 5 mm in diameter, set:

with linear-attenuate, black, entire, _ hair-

pointed rhizome-scales c. 8 mm long. Fronds

tufted, coriaceous, not gemmiferous; stipe matt

203

brown, glabrous at maturity except for scales

basally; lamina narrowly oblong, acute, c. 280

x 130 mm, deeply 2-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate,

basal pinnae not reduced; pinnae inc. 10 pairs,

trapeziform, deeply incised into 3-5 obcuneate

lobes, terminal lobe acuminate and caudate,

outer margins dentate, upper surface glabrous,

lower surface set with scales c. 2 mm long (of-

ten with 2 basal outgrowths), espec ., at bases

of segments. Sori of irregular lengths, up to 8

mm long; indusium membranous, entire, c. 0,3

mm broad.

Southern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal,

Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Kenya. On boulders and old

stumps, or epiphytic, or occasionally on forest floors, 290—

1900 m. Map 177.

Vouchers: Bayliss 2223 (BOL; NBG); Geldenhuys 580

(BOL); Marloth 5761 (PRE).

5 °

- . 5

be ‘

nae eg

MAP 178.—Asplenium lividum

FIG. 67.—1, Asplenium splendens, part of frond, x 0,6 (Braithwaite 144). 2, Asplenium aethiopicum, pinna, Xx

0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segment, x 7,2 (Chase 6047).

204 FILICALES

HE RRAT MARCH

FIG. 68.—1, Asplenium lividum, part of frond, x 0,6 (Chase 6571); 1a, basal portion of plant, x 0,6.

FILICALES

28. Asplenium lividum Mett. ex Kuhn in

Linnaea 36: 100 (1869); Schelpe in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 181 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 143 (1977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 360, t. 268

(1983). Type: Venezuela, Tovar, Fendler 156

(B, holo.—BM, photo.!; K!).

Rhizome suberect, up to 7 mm in diame-

ter, set with brown, lanceolate, sharply acute,

nitid, entire rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long.

Fronds tufted, firmly herbaceous, not gemmi-

ferous; stipe dark brown, often darker basally,

set with scattered scales; lamina narrowly ob-

long-ovate acute, up to 365 xX 90 mm, pinnati-

fid to weakly 3-pinnatifid, basal pinnae not re-

duced; pinnae inc. 16 pairs, unequally rhom-

bic-attenuate, very unequally cuneate basally

and deeply pinnatifid into narrowly oblanceo-

late, cuneate to linear, sharply serrate lobes,

‘basal acroscopic lobe largest, upper surface gla-

brous, lower surface set with occasional scales.

Sori 1-7 per lobe, c. 5 mm long; indusium

membranous, entire, c. 0,4 mm broad. Fig. 68.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, Zam-

bia, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sao Tomé, as well as South

America. Lithophytic on humus-covered boulders in forest,

1 300—1 600 m. Map 178.

Vouchers: Junod 4030 (PRE); Moss & Rogers 312

(PRE).

29. Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm. f.)

Becherer in Candollea 6: 22 (1935); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 181 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 144

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

361, t. 269 (1983). Type: Cape Province, Herb.

Burmann (G, holo. !).

Trichomanes aethiopicum Burm. f., Prodr. Fl. Cap. 32

(err. 28) (1768).

Asplenium adiantoides Lam., Encycl. 2: 309 (1786), non

(L.) C. Chr. (1905). Type: Mauritius, Commerson s.n.,

Herb. Jussieu 1251 (P, lecto.-BOL, photo.! and illustr.!).

Asplenium falsum Retz., Obs. Bot. 6: 38 (1791). Type:

Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, False Bay, Herb. Retzius

(LD, holo.!).

Asplenium furcatum Thunb., Prodr. 172 (1800). Tara-

chia furcata (Thunb.) Presl, Epim. Bot. 80 (1851), reimpr.

in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 440 (1851). Type:

Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Thunberg s.n. (UPS,

holo.!; LD!; S!; SBT!).

Asplenium gueinzianum Mett. ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 103

(1868). Type: Natal, Gueinzius s.n. (B, holo.!).

Asplenium praemorsum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

163, t. 65, 66 (1915).

205

Rhizome ascending or creeping, up to 7

mm in diameter, set with linear-attenuate, fer-

rugineous to atrocastaneous, hair-pointed, irre-

gularly serrulate rhizome-scales often with

paler reddish margins. Fronds tufted, firmly

herbaceous to thinly coriaceous, not gemmifer-

ous; stipe matt brown to atrocastaneous, set

with scattered scales; lamina oblong to lanceo-

late, attenuate, up to 480 xX 200 m (rarely 750

x 400 m), 2-pinnate to 4-pinnatifid, lower pin-

nae only slightly reduced; pinnae in c. 12 pairs,

acute to caudate, divided into narrowly obcu-

neate to very narrowly oblong segments, upper

segments adnate and decurrent, irregularly in-

cised and dentate, upper surface often set with

occasional substellate or fimbriate scales, lower

surface thickly to thinly set with hair-pointed,

broad-based scales. Sori of irregular lengths, up

to 9 mm long; indusium membranous, suben-

tire, c. 0,4 mm broad. Fig. 67: 2.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Orange Free

State, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Burundi, Tanzania,

Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Yemen, Mauri-

tius and Madeira, Fernando Po, Cameroun, Nigeria and

Sierra Leone (Alston, 1959); Madagascar and Comoro Is-'

lands (Tardieu-Blot, 1958). A common fern in Southern

Africa; lithophytic, epiphytic or terrestrial in forest, 200—

2 140 m. Map 179.

Vouchers: Compton 25541 (NBG; PRE); 25946 (NBG;

PRE); Esterhuysen 12622 (BOL; PRE); Moll & Morris 677

(NU); Pott 4840 (BOL; PRE); Schirach 277 (BOL; NBG).

A. aethiopicum is a very variable species. An investi-

gation of spores (Braithwaite, 1964) found that in Southern

Africa this taxon has a number of chromosome comple-

ments ranging from tetraploid (4n) to decaploid (10n); also

some are apogamous enabling them to colonise drier habi-

tats than the sexual plants. The resulting variability in size,

frond dissection, indument etc. has led the author to con-

sider it as a species complex, A. aethiopicum sens. lat.

( N

e ut} _ a

Pt $5

|__: Saae

7 re Ss: gone te

4 @ a

ares :

Sd a AN ah

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tas io

++ OS

5 a

| Bem

MAP 179.—Asplenium aethiopicum

206 FILICALES

2. CETERACH

Ceterach DC. in Lam. & DC., FI. Fr. edn 3, 2: 566 (1805); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 32 (1908);

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 180 (1958); Launert in F.S.W.A. 9: 1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 188 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 148 (1977). Type species: C. officinarum DC. (=Asplenium

ceterach L.).

Rhizomes erect, short. Fronds usually deeply pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid, upper surface gla-

brous at maturity, lower surface densely scaly; stipe short, tufted, densely scaly; veins usually

anastomosing marginally. Sori elongate along veins; indusium obsolete.

A genus of about 5 species in Europe, Asia and Africa.

Ceterach cordatum (Thunb.) Desv. in

Mém. Soc. Linn., Paris 6, 2: 223 (1827); Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 175, t. 73 figs 1-3, t. 141

fig. (1915); Schelpe in F. Z. Pterid.: 188, t.

54F (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 148 (1977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 379, t. 17

(1983). Type: Cape Province, Herb. Thunberg

(UPS, holo.!).

Acrostichum cordatum Thunb., Prodr. 171 (1800). As-

-plenium cordatum (Thunb.) Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800,

2: 54 (1801). Grammitis cordata (Thunb.) Swartz, Syn. Fil.

23, 217 (1806). Cincinalis cordata (Thunb.) Desv. in Mag.

Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. 5: 311 (1811). Notholaena cordata

(Thunb.) Desv. in J. Bot., Paris 1, App. 92 (1813). Gymno-

gramma cordata (Thunb.) Schlechtd., Adumbr. 16 (1825).

Ceterach crenata Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 85 (1824), nom.

illeg. Type from Cape of Good Hope.

Gymnogramma capensis Spreng. ex Kaulf. in Linnaea 6:

183 (1831), nom. nud. Ceterach cordatum var. capense

(Spreng. ex Kaulf.) Kumm. in Bot. Kozl. 8: 287 (1909).

Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Lions Head, Zeyher

s.n. (BOL, iso.!).

Ceterach capense Kunze in Linnaea 10: 496 (1836), as

capensis. Grammitis a (Kunze) T. Moore, Ind. Fil.

232 (1857). Syntypes from Cape Province and Transkei,

Ecklon, Drége and Zeyher (LZ?).

Gymnogramma cordata var. subbipinnata Hook., Sec.

Cent. t. 7 (1860). Type not found.

Gymnogramma namaquensis Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil.

Afr. Austr. 42 (1858). Gymnogramma cordata var. nama-

quensis (Pappe & Raws.) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 1: 212, t.

125 fig. 3 (1892). Ceterach cordatum var. namaquensis

(Pappe & Raws.) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 176, t. 73 fig. 3

(1915). Type: Cape Province, Namaqualand, near Modder-

fontein, Whitehead s.n. (Type not found).

Gymnogramma cordata var. bipinnata Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 1: 212, t. 125 fig. 2 (1892). Notholaena bipinnata

(Sim) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 224, t. 109 fig. 2 (1915),

excl. Eyles & Johnson 1020 (GRA!). Type: Namaqualand,

Holland s.n. (NBG, lecto.!).

Ceterach cordatum var. pinnatifidum Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 177, t. 141 fig. 2 (1915). Type: Cape Province,

i East, Boschberg, Schlechter 2703 (GRA, lecto.!:

Rhizome up to 4 mm in diameter, set with

lanceolate-acuminate, dark brown, irregularly

fimbriate rhizome-scales c. 3,5 mm long, fre-

quently hair-pointed. Fronds tufted, suberect,

not gemmiferous, thinly carnose-coriaceous,

involute when dry; stipe atrocastaneous, nitid,

very much shorter than lamina, densely set with

ovate-lanceolate acuminate scales up to 5 mm

long; lamina elliptic to narrowly elliptic, rarely

up to 240 X 85 mm, pinnatifid or pinnate, to 2-

pinnatifid or 2-pinnate, lower pinnae gradually

decrescent; pinnae narrowly oblong, up to 28 X

9 mm, adnate to auriculate, weakly undulate to

pinnatifid with broadly oblong crenate seg-

ments, upper surface glabrous, lower surface

densely set with ovate-acuminate to lanceolate,

imbricate, nitid, pale brown, irregularly fim-

briate scales; venation obscure. Sori linear, up

to 2,5 mm long, borne in two rows alongside

and at an angle to costa, and smaller sori also

borne on pinnatifid segments. Fig. 65: 3.

Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Madagascar and wide-

spread in Southern Africa in the drier parts where it usually

occurs around boulder bases, under bushes or in south as-

pect rock crevices, 200—2 575 m. Map 180.

MAP 180.—Ceterach cordatum

FILICALES

Vouchers: Acocks 11398 (NH; PRE); Burtt Davy 208

(GRA; PRE); Dieterlen 566 (PRE; SAM); Dinter 6160

PR). BOL; STE); Schelpe 5890 (BM; BOL; GH; NBG;

C. cordatum is very variable in the dissection of the.

fronds. Although the more deeply incised 2-pinnatifid and

2-pinnate forms are most frequent in Namaqualand, and the’

pinnatifid and pinnate forms more frequent in the southern

coastal areas, no character has been found to distinguish

varieties satsifactorily. Consequently C. cordatum (Thunb. )

207

Desv. is regarded here as a single variable species. Should

the pinnatifid and pinnate forms prove to be genetically

distinct from the more dissected forms, they could be re-

ferred to var. pinnatifidum Sim or var. pinnata Hook.

An examination of the material upon which Sim (1915).

based his Notholaena bipinnata has led the present authors

to the conclusion that this species is founded on firstly an’

abnormal frond of C. cordatum and secondly on normal

sterile and fertile fronds of Cheilanthes inaequalis (Kunze)

Mett. (Schelpe, 1954).

THELYPTERIDACEAE

Terrestrial plants with creeping or erect rhizomes, set with brown or black non-peltate rhi-

zome-scales. Stipe not articulated, with 2 vascular strands basally, fusing upwards to form a single

U-shaped strand. Lamina pinnate to 2-pinnate (rarely 3- to 4-pinnatifid), usually narrowly oblong

in outline, glabrous, pubescent or pilose; veins free, or few to many pairs of veins arising from

adjoining costules anastomosing into a vein running to the sinus between the pinna lobes (excurrent

vein). Sori round with or without a reniform indusium to linear and exindusiate. Spores monolete,

with perispore.

la Fronds simply pinnate to 2-pinnatifid:

2a Fronds not proliferous or only proliferous near apex; soral paraphyses absent...............sceceeeeeeeeeees 1. Thelypteris

2b Fronds proliferous anywhere on rhachis; soral paraphyses present ..............cccceceeseeeeeeeeneeneeeenes 3. Ampelopteris

Tb Fronds Besivinate to erie td ese: acaus coe wert ad oti gees Ave nnd gn amg a eae a pull trate sylinuethicuaytast 2. Macrothelypteris

1. THELYPTERIS

Thelypteris Schmid., Ic. Pl., edn Keller 45, t. 11, 13 (1763); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr.

noire 28: 116 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 271 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 60 (1959);

Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 238 (1964); Launert in F.S.W.A. 10: 1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 189 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 78 (1973); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 149 (1977). Type species: T. palustris Schott (=Acrostichum thelypteris L.).

Rhizome creeping or erect, set with brown rhizome-scales. Fronds tufted or spaced; lamina

pinnate to deeply 2-pinnatifid (rarely 3-pinnatifid); veins free, or with one or more pairs of veins

from adjoining costules anastomosing into a vein running to the sinus between the pinna lobes. Sori

round, with or without an indusium, or more rarely linear, exindusiate; paraphyses absent.

A large, cosmopolitan genus with about 30 species in continental Africa.

In order to produce a workable treatment of the very numerous species of Thelypteris in Asia, Holttum (1971, 1974)

divided them among several genera. However, in view of the much smaller number of species found in Southern Africa,

Thelypteris is construed here in the wider sense.

la Veins of pinna lobes with one or more pairs anastomosing below sinus between pinna lobes:

2a Fronds proliferous at apex; c. 4 pairs of veins anastomosing below sinus; sori exindusiate...... 1. T. madagascariensis

2b Fronds non-proliferous; 1—2 pairs of veins anastomosing below sinus; sori indusiate:

ae Basal paire-of pinman Wot RCe ae. nett a Bec yai sin aidere shaadi aaacel eminplabee sae tlext4F eee ayant 2. T. interrupta

3b Lowest 2-6 (or more) pairs of pinnae gradually decrescent:

4a Fronds up to 2,5 m long; lowest 6 or more pairs of pinnae gradually decrescent ..............0ceeeeeee 6. T. altissima

4b Fronds up to 1,5 m long; lowest 2-4 pairs of pinnae gradually decrescent ...............ccsseeeeeseeeeees 7. T. dentata

lb Veins of pinna lobes not anastomosing or basal vein meeting at sinus or in a membrane extending from sinus

towards costa: :

Sa DOT CIMA eater sre cor Acar Ae Vatabin eras Lcsencag che Menace tiakeve Mckee Ln tia ee PLinernasmgernes 4.T. pozoi

5b Sori round, indusiate:

6a Basal veins quite free, not ending at base of sinus:

Ta. Ovate scales borne along lOWEr SUTTACE Of COSLAE .....1crrdssirecennedaace travedineleasvereuddavesstanneren 3. T. confluens

7b Ovate scales absent:

BA TABIG8 ON VOWEL PITTACE Of LAMA NOOKE i acicscssceccsarsresceedesecncrnerceverayacsenenavertereapensae 11. T. bergiana

Sb Hairs on lower surface of lamina Straight .........0.cerssenessensrecerrsrdeonenenseseeanseeeetoenes 10. T. knysnaensis

FILICALES

209

6b Basal veins meeting in sinus, or at least one ending at base of sinus:

9a Fronds decrescent with a series of much-reduced pinnae at base..............-seeceeeceeneneeeeeeeeeen cues 5. T. pulchra

9b Fronds without a long series of much-reduced pinnae at base:

10a Rhizome creeping, fronds spaced up to 10 mm apart,

pilose, hairs on costae and costules uniform, mostly 0,5—1 mm long...............:sesseeeeeee

lamina, especially costae, thickly

8. T. chaseana

10b Rhizome erect, fronds tufted; lamina thinly pilose, hairs on costae of different sizes,

mostly 0-0,5 mm long ................. Pt,

1. Thelypteris madagascariensis (Fée)

Schelpe in JL S. Afr. Bot. 31: 267 (1965); in

F.Z. Pterid.: 196, t. 55D (1970). Type: Mada-

gascar, Goudot s.n. (P, holo.!; G!).

Goniopteris madagascariensis Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5:

251 (1852). Dryopteris madagascariensis (Fée) C. Chr.,

Ind. Fil. 276 (1905). Cyclosorus madagascariensis (Fée)

Ching in Bull. Fan Memor. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 246

(1941).

Gymnogramma unita Kunze in Linnaea 18: 115 (1844),

non Cyclosorus unitus (L.) Ching (1932), nec Thelypteris

unita (L.) Morton. Phegopteris unita (Kunze) Mett., Farn-

gatt. 4: 306, n. 22 (1858). Polypodium unitum (Kunze)

Hook., Sp. Fil. 5: 5 (1863), non. L. (1759). Goniopteris

unita (Kunze) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 192 (1875). Pneumatopte-

ris unita (Kunze) Holttum in J] S. Afr. Bot. 40: 155 (1974);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 399, t. 301 (1983).

Type: Between the Umfundi and Tugela at Port Natal (i.e.

Durban), Gueinzius s.n. (LZ, holo.t; HBG—BOL, photo.!).

Goniopteris patens Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 253

(1852). Nephrodium patens (Fée) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 208

(1875), non (Swartz) Desv. (1827). Cyclosorus patens

(Fée) Copel., Gen. Fil. 143 (1947). Type: Natal, Gueinzius

S.n.

Goniopteris silvatica Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 39 (1858), nom. illeg. Dryopteris silvatica (Pappe &

Raws.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 292 (1905); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 100, t. 15 (1915). Cyclosorus silvaticus (Pappe &

Raws.) Ching in Bull. Fan Memor. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 249

(1941). Thelypteris silvatica (Pappe & Raws.) Reed in Phy-

tologia 17: 313 (1968). Type: Natal, Gueinzius s.n. (not

found).

Rhizome erect. Fronds tufted, arching,

herbaceous, proliferating by gemmae borne in

an angle of the rhachis near frond apex; stipe

pale brown to stramineous, glabrous, up to 0,75

m long; lamina lanceolate, up to 1,8 X 0,5 m,

pinnate; pinnae acute to acuminate, somewhat

deflexed basally (hardly reduced); middle pin-

nae truncate basally (acroscopic basal lobe

often somewhat enlarged), shallowly incised

into broadly oblong, somewhat falcate, obtuse

lobes up to 5 mm broad; c. 4 pairs of veins

anastomosing below sinus either in a membrane

extending from sinus or below it. Sori circular,

up to 20 per lobe, borne close to costules, exin-

dusiate. Fig. 69: 2.

SAREE UR Lan Ce cea 2075 Sy LEMME Re a OUT 9. T. gueinziana

MAP 181.—Thelypteris madagascariensis

Transkei, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Malawi, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania,

Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia and Madagas-

car. Along shaded streambanks in forest and moist forest

floors, c. 500—1 700 m in Southern Africa and 2 250 m in

Kenya. Map 181.

Vouchers: Medley Wood s.n. (NH; PRE; SAM);

Schelpe 6008 (BOL); Wager s.n. (PRE).

2. Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K.

Iwats. in Jl Jap. Bot. 38: 314 (1963); Schelpe in

C.F.A,; Prertid.: 157 (1977). Type: S. India,

a s.n., Herb. Willdenow no. 19770 (B,

olo.).

Pteris interrupta Willd. in Phytographia 13, t. 10 fig. 1

(1794). Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito in Bot. Mag.

Tokyo 51: 714 (1937), nomen tantum; Holttum in J] S. Afr.

Bot. 40: 152 (1974); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

396, t. 299 (1983).

Polypodium tottum Thunb., Prodr. 172 (1800). Thelypte-

ris totta (Thunb.) Schelpe in JIS. Afr. Bot. 29: 91 (1963),

op. cit. 31: 267 (1965); in F.Z. Pterid.: 198, t. SSF (1970).

Cyclosorus tottus (Thunb.) Pichi-Sermolli in Webbia 23:

173 (1968); Holttum in Jl S. Afr. Bot. 40: 152 (1974).

_Type: Cape Province, Worcester Division, Brandvlei,

Herb. Thunberg (UPS, holo.!).

Aspidium ecklonii Kunze in Linnaea 10: 546 (1836). Syn-

types: Cape Province, Uitenhage Division, Zwartkops ri-

vier, Ecklon s.n. (LZt); Transkei, between the Umtendu

and Umsimkulu Rivers, Drége s.n. (LZt; BM!).

FIG. 69.—1, Thelypteris pozoi, frond, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of pinna lobes, x 3,6 (Schelpe 6265). 2.

Thelypteris madagascariensis, part of frond, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of pinna lobes, x 3,6 (Schelpe 6180).

TAICALES

210

Vas

hen

ay 3

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FILICALES

Nephrodium plantianum Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 14 (1858). Aspidium plantianum (Pappe & Raws.)

Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 139 (1868). Type: Natal, Plant 341 (Type

not found).

Aspidium goggilodus Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew. 1: 193, t.

33c (1809). Polystichum goggilodus (Schkuhr) Gaud. in

Freyc., Voy. Bot. 326 (1827). Cyclosorus goggilodus

(Schkuhr) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 128 (1833). Dryopteris

gongylodes (Schkuhr) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 811 (1891);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 97, t. 13 (1915). Thelypteris.

gongylodes (Schkuhr) Small, Ferns S.E. States 248 (1938)..

Type: British Guiana, Herb Swartz (S, holo.).

Rhizome widely creeping, set with sparse

blackish, narrowly ovate acute, entire rhizome-

scales up to 1,3 mm long. Fronds spaced up to

120 mm apart, erect, firmly herbaceous to

thinly coriaceous, non-proliferous; stipe pale or

greyish brown, darker and set with scales ba-

sally, otherwise glabrous, up to 0,6 m long;

lamina oblong-lanceolate, up to 0,84 X 0,3 m,

apex shortly acuminate, basal pinnae not re-

duced; pinnae very narrowly oblong, shallowly

incised into quadrate lobes up to 7 mm broad,

upper surface subglabrous, lower surface set

with scattered hairs; basal pair of veins anasto-

mosing well below sinus. Sori circular, up to 18

per lobe; indusium c. 1 mm in diameter,

densely pilose with white hairs. Fig. 70.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan,

Chad, Cameroun, Algeria, Senegal, Mafia Island, Zanzi-

bar, Pemba and Mauritius. Also Gambia and Madagascar

(Alston, 1959). Riverbanks, swamps and other marshy

areas, from near sea level in Natal to 1 300 m in the eastern

districts of Zimbabwe. Map 182.

bs Tay

2 hs

ia het

Bat

MAP 182.—Thelypteris interrupta

211

Vouchers: Rogers 639 (GRA; PRE); Schiitte 35 (BM;

BOL); 57 (BM; BOL); 68 (BM; BOL); Smith 1558 (BOL;

SRGH); Strey 8234 (BOL; NH; NU).

3. Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) Mor-

ton in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 38: 71 (1967);

Launert in F.S.W.A. 10: 2 (1969); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 190 (1970); Holttum in JI S. Afr.

Bot. 40: 150 (1974); Schelpe in C.F.A. Pterid.:

155 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 395, t. 298 (1983). Type: Cape Province,

a 2 Peninsula, Herb. Thunberg (UPS,

olo.!).

Pteris confluens Thunb., Prodr. 171 (1800).

Aspidium thelypteris var. squamigerum Schlechtd.,

Adumbr. 23, t. 11 (1825). Aspidium squamigerum

(Schlechtd.) Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 8: 104 (1857). Lastrea

thelypteris var. squamigera (Schlechtd.) Bedd., Handb.

Ferns Brit. Ind., Suppl. 54 (1892). Dryopteris thelypteris

var. squamigera (Schlechtd.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 297 (1905).

Thelypteris palustris var. squamigera (Schlechtd.) Weath.

in Contr. Gray Herb. Harv. n.s. 73: 40 (1924). Thelypteris

squamigera (Schlechtd.) Ching in Bull. Fan Memor. Inst.

Biol., Bot. 6: 329 (1936). Syntypes: Cape Province, near

Hex River, Mund & Maire s.n., Bergius s.n. (VHAL).

Dryopteris thelypteris sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

101, t. 16 (1915).

Rhizome widely creeping, set with dark

brown, ovate, somewhat undulate rhizome-

scales up to 2 mm long, becoming black and

subglabrous with age. Fronds spaced up to 50

mm apart, erect, very firmly herbaceous, non-

proliferous; stipe pale brown for most of its

length, glabrous, up to 0,45 m long; lamina

MAP 183.—Thelypteris confluens

FIG. 70.—1, Thelypteris interrupta, part of frond, x 0,6; la, stipe base and portion of rhizome, X 0,6; ib, detail of

lower surface of pinna lobes, X 3,6 (Rodin 4129).

212

FILICALES

oD.

SSN “of i,

sn igo, S

DONNA /_

“”

ed:

WS 2

FILICALES

lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, up to 0,5 X

0,21 m, apex acute, deeply bipinnatifid, basal

pinnae slightly reduced; pinnae very oblong-

lanceolate, acute, deeply pinnatifid; costa set

with pale brown ovate scales below, glandular

or thinly pilose. Sori circular, up to 18 per lobe,

medial; indusium glabrous, up to 0,5 mm in

diameter. Fig. 71: 1.

Widespread throughout Southern Africa, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Kenya,

Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania, Sudan, Madagascar, as well as

Australia and New Zealand. Marshy areas and swampy

streambanks, 60—1 000 m in Southern Africa, 2 000 m in

tropical Africa. Map 183.

Vouchers; Fisher 937 (NH; NU; PRE); Schelpe 4817

(BM; BOL; MO); Sim s.n. (BOL; PRE; S); Wasserfall 99

(NBG; PRE).

4. Thelypteris pozoi (Lagasca) Morton in

Bull. Soc. bot. Fr. 106: 234 (1959); Schelpe in

Jl S. Afr. Bot. 31: 268 (1965); in F.Z. Pterid.:

199, t. 55G (1970). Type: Northern Spain, Del

Pozo s.n., Herb. Swartz (S, iso.!).

Hemionitis pozoi Lagasca, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 33 (1816).

Gymnogramma pozoi (Lagasca) Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn.,

Paris 6: 216 (1827). Ceterach pozoi (Lagasca) A. Br. ex

Milde in Bot. Ztg 1886: 310 (1886), nom., excl. descr.

Pleurosorus pozoi (Lagasca) Trevisan in Atti Soc. ital. Sci.

nat. 17: 256 (1875). Leptogramma pozoi (Lagasca) Hey-

wood in Feddes Repert. 64: 19 (1961). Stegnogramma

pozoi (Lagasca) K. Iwats. in Acta phytotax. et geobot. 19:

124 (1963); Holttum in JIS. Afr. Bot. 40: 149 (1974); W.

B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 393, t. 297 (1983).

MAP 184.—Thelypteris pozoi

213

Polypodium tottum Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4, 5: 201

(1810), non Thunb. (1800).

Gymnogramma totta Schlechtd., Adumbr. 15, t. 6

(1825). Grammitis totta (Schlechtd.) Presl, Tent. Pterid.:

209, t. 9 fig. 4 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges.

Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 209, t. 9 fig. 4 (1837). Leptogramma totta

(Schlechtd.) J. Sm. in Hook., J. Bot. 4: 52 (1842). Phegop-

teris totta (Schlechtd.) Mett. in Abh. senckenb. natur-

forsch. Ges. 2: 302 (1858), reimpr. in Mett., Farngatt. 4:

302, n. 31 (1858). Aspidium tottum (Schlechtd.) Engl.,

Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 99 (1892). Nephrodium tottum

(Schlechtd.) Diels in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1, 4:

170, t. 91G (1899). Lastrea totta (Schlechtd.) Ohiwi in

Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, ser. 2, 3: 98 (1956). Type:

Cape Peninsula, Mundt & Maire s.n. (B, holo.).

Polypodium africanum Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn., Paris

6: 239 (1827). Dryopteris africana (Desv.) C. Chr., Ind.

Fil. 251 (1905); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 102, t. 23 (1915).

Aspidium africanum (Desv.) Aschers. & Graebn., Syn.

Mitteleurop. Fl. edn 2, 1: 28, 153 (1912). Leptogramma

africana (Desv.) Nakai ex Mori, Enum. Pl. Corea 13

(1922). Lastrea africana (Desv.) Ching in Contr. Biol.

Lab. Sci. Soc. China 9: 36 (1933). Lastrea africana (Desv.)

Copel., Gen. Fil. 138 (1947). Type: South Africa Herb.

Willdenow no. 19697 (B, holo.!).

Rhizome erect, set with dark brown, lan-

ceolate, ciliate rhizome-scales c. 1 mm long.

Fronds tufted, arching, softly herbaceous, non-

proliferous; stipe pale brown, becoming darker

basally, thinly pubescent with minute whitish

hairs; lamina lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, up

to 340 x 140 mm, acute, lower pinnae some-

what reduced and deflexed; pinnae adnate, very

narrowly oblong or attenuate, base truncate, in-

cised about halfway to costa into quadrate,

rounded, undulate lobes c. 4 mm broad, pilose

on both surfaces; c. 6 pairs of veins per lobe,

not anastomosing; rhachis pilose with short

white hairs. Sori linear along veins, up to 1,5

mm long, exindusiate. Fig. 69: 1.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe, Malawi, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Camer-

oun, Fernando Po, Madeira, Azores Islands and Spain. Mo-

ist shaded forest floors and streambanks, 100-1 800 m in

Southern Africa, c. 2 500 m in Kenya. Map 184.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 26568 (B; BM; BOL; MO);

Fisher 938 (NH; NU; PRE); Schelpe 4345 (B; BOL; GH; K;

M; P; S; US); Schlechter 6603 (GRA; K; PRE).

5. Thelypteris pulchra (Bory ex Willd.)

Schelpe in Garcia de Orta, sér. Bot. 3: 54

(1976); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 151 (1977). Type:

Réunion, Bory 81 (B, holo.).

FIG. 71.—1, Thelypteris confluens, part of plant, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of pinna lobe, X 3,6 (Braith-

waite 137). 2, Thelypteris bergiana, part of plant, x. 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of pinna lobe, X c. 6 (Schelpe

5670b).

214

Aspidium pulchrum Bory ex Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4,

3: 253 (1810). Nephrodium pulchrum (Bory ex Willd.)

Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn., Paris 6: 256 (1827). Lastrea

pulchra (Bory ex Willd.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 75 (1836).

Pseudocyclosorus pulcher (Bory ex Willd.) Holttum in JI S.

Afr. Bot. 40: 138 (1974); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 385, t. 288 (1983).

_Nephrodium longicuspe Bak. in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16:

202 (1877). Aspidium longicuspe (Bak.) Kuhn in Von

Deck., Reisen, Bot. 3, 3: 65 (1879). Dryopteris longicuspis

(Bak.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 275 (1905). Lastrea longicuspis

(Bak.) Pichi-Sermolli in Webbia 23: 175 (1968). Thelypte-

ris longicuspis (Bak.) Schelpe in Jl S. Afr. Bot. 31: 262

(1965); in F.Z. Pterid.: 192, t. SSA (1970). Type: Madagas-

car, Gilpin s.n. (K).

Rhizome erect, up to 0,3 m tall, some-

times forming a short caudex, set with pale

brown, ovate-acute, subentire rhizome-scales c.

4 mm long. Fronds erect, arching, non-prolifer-

ous, stipe matt-brown, thinly pubescent with

minute white hairs; Jamina firmly membranous,

oblong, up to 1,5 < 0,66 m, deeply 2-pinnati-

fid, abruptly decrescent basally into a long

series of up to 8 pairs of pinnae reduced to less

than 25 mm long; pinnae very narrowly oblong

or attenuate, usually ending in a linear crenate

apex, very deeply pinnatifid into very narrowly

oblong, falcate, acute lobes up to 18 X 4 mm,

densely pubescent along costa with white hairs

and with scattered white hairs along veins

above, glandular on costa, costules and surface

with occasional short hairs along costa below;

veins not anastomosing; rhachis stramineous

matt-brown, glabrous. Sori minute, up to 25 per

lobe, borne half-way between costa and margin;

indusium glandular, 0,4 mm in diameter.

Rare in eastern Transvaal; distributed through Zim-

babwe, Malawi, Angola, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and

Cameroun, as well as Madagascar and Mauritius. Stream-

banks in light shade, 975—1 900 m. Map 185.

HSS

36°

‘MAP 185.—Thelypteris pulchra

FILICALES

Voucher: Burrows 3109 (BOL).

6. Thelypteris altissima (Holttum) P. J.

Vorster in Bothalia 12: 260 (1977). Type: Na-

tal, head of Durban Bay, Buchanan 1036 (K,

holo.!).

Christella altissima Holttum in J1 S. Afr. Bot. 40: 141

(1974); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 387 (1983).

Rhizome widely creeping. Stipe c. 0,4 m

long, set with scales c. 10 X 15 mm. Lamina up

to 2 m long, lowest 6 or more pairs of pinnae

gradually decrescent with enlarged, acuminate,

crenate, basal acroscopic lobes, lower surface

‘thickly set with hairs 0,3-0,5 mm long; pinnae

somewhat truncate basally, narrowly acumi-

nate, up to 280-340 x 25-35 mm, lobed %4—%

to costa into falcate obtuse lobes, costules

4,5-5,5 mm apart; costae pilose above (hairs

0,6 mm long), costules and veins set with hairs

of the same length; veins 11- to 15-paired, 1%

pairs anastomosing, one pair joining at mem-

brane in sinus. Sori medial, the lower suprame-

dial, the lowermost not coalescing.

Only known from three collections, in swampy

ground, at the head of Durban Bay in Natal. Map 186.

Vouchers: Buchanan 8 (K); 186 (K).

According to Holttum (1974), T. altissima differs from

T. dentata (below) in its much larger size, more veins anas-

tomosing, and in the presence of long acicular hairs on the

stalks of many sporangia. Its known locality has been

destroyed by development. In view of the fact that Holttum

described the spores of T. altissima as abortive, this may

have been a chance polyploid or hybrid population. The

putative parentage given by Holttum (T. afra x T. dentata)

is unlikely, as the nearest known populations of T. afra

Reed are from northern Angola, Zaire and Uganda.

MAP 186.—Thelypteris altissima

FILICALES

7. Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E. St.

John in Am. Fern J. 26: 44 (1936); Schelpe in Jl

S. Afr. Bot. 31: 265 (1965); in F.Z. Pterid.:

197, -t. 55C. (1970); ino C.F A. Pterid.? 152

(1977). Type: Yemen, Forsskal 809 (C, holo. !—

BM, photo.!; K!).

Polypodium dentatum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. cxxv,

185 (1775). Dryopteris dentata (Forssk.) C. Chr. in K.

danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Afd. 8, 6: 24 (1920). Cyclo-

sorus dentatus (Forssk.) Ching in Bull. Fan Memor. Inst.

Biol., Bot. 8: 206 (1938). Christella dentata (Forssk.) Holt-

tum in JI S. Afr. Bot. 40: 143 (1974); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 388, t. 290, 291 (1983).

Dryopteris mollis sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 96, t.

11 (1915).

Rhizome shortly creeping, set with dark

brown, acuminate, entire, thinly pilose rhi-

zome-scales up to 6 mm long. Fronds closely

spaced, arching, herbaceous, non-proliferous;

stipe thinly pubescent and set with scales

basally; lamina elliptic to narrowly elliptic,

apex acuminate with a deeply pinnatifid termi-

nal segment, basal 2-4 pairs of pinnae grad-

ually decrescent; middle pinnae linear-lanceo-

late, caudate with a narrow, attenuate, subentire

segment apically, deeply pinnatifid into oblong,

‘slightly falcate, subentire lobes up to 5 mm

broad; one pair or usually a pair and a single

vein anastomosing at and below sinus. Sori cir-

cular, medial, up to 14 per lobe; indusium up to

1 mm in diameter, pilose with short white hairs.

Pig 72.

| Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, Angola,

Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan, Central

African Republic, Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria,

Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cape

Verde Islands, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Madeira, Azores

Islands, Ascension Islands, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Soco-

tra, Yemen. Pantropical. Forest floors and margins,

500-1 600 m. Map 187.

Vouchers: Schelpe 1667 (BM; NU); Schiitte 59 (BM;

BOL); Strey 879 (BOL; NH), Taylor 2513 (BOL; NBG).

8. Thelypteris chaseana Schelpe in Jl S.

Afr. Bot. 31: 264, t. 1 e-f (1965); Launert in

F.S.W.A. 10: 1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.:

194 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 155 (1977).

Type: South West Africa/Namibia, Otjiwa-

rongo, Grosse Waterberg above Waterberg Sta-

tion, Schelpe 4791 (BOL, holo.!; MO!).

_ Lastrea chaseana (Schelpe) Pichi-Sermolli in Webbia 23:

175 (1968). Christella chaseana (Schelpe) Holttum in JI S.

Afr. Bot. 40: 148 (1974); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 392, t. 296 (1983).

Rhizome creeping, set with brown, lan-

ceolate, acuminate, entire, somewhat pilose

rhizome-scales up to 11 mm long. Fronds

spaced up to 10 mm apart, herbaceous, non-

215

proliferous; stipe pale brown to stramineous, up

to 0,63 m long, pubescent with minute white

hairs and set with lanceolate scales c. 10 X 1,5

mm basally; lamina narrowly elliptic to lanceo-

late, up to 0,7 X 0,2 m, acuminate with a

deeply pinnatifid terminal segment, with up to 3

pairs of basal pinnae reduced and deflexed;

middle pinnae very narrowly oblong-acumi-

nate, basal acroscopic lobes enlarged, fre-

quently overlapping rhachis, caudate with a

narrow subentire segment apically; veins free or

anastomosing, meeting sinus or in a membrane

extending down from sinus. Sori circular, me-

dial, up to 16 per lobe; indusium c. 1 mm in

diameter, pilose with long white hairs.

South West Africa/Namibia, Transvaal, Zimbabwe,

Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Kenya and Tanzania.

Forest floors and shaded or exposed streambanks,

1 200-1 800 m. Map 188.

Vouchers: Rodin 2593 (BOL; K); Schelpe 6025

(BOL).

12% i 16°

Mig a oa pl lS

MAP 188.—Thelypteris chaseana

e FILICALES

ee By

OP a,

BSS

<—

S\ AW

y) LA) eee.

—

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ND.

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SSN

FILICALES

9. Thelypteris gueinziana (Mett.) Schelpe

in J] S. Afr. Bot. 31: 262, 244, t. 1a (1965), as

gueintziana; in F.Z. Pterid.: 194 (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 154 (1977). Type: Port Natal,

Gueinzius s.n. (B, holo.!).

Aspidium gueintzianum Mett. in Abh. senckenb. natur-

forsch. Ges. 2: 367 (1857), reimpr. in Mett., Farngatt. 4:

368, n. 201 (1858). Lastrea gueinziana (Mett.) T. Moore,

Ind. Fil. 93 (1858). Nephrodium gueintzianum (Mett.) Hie-

ron. in Bot. Jb. 28: 341 (1900). Christella gueinziana

(Mett.) Holtt. in JIS. Afr. Bot. 40: 147 (1974); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Fern Sthn Afr. 391, t. 294, 295 (1983).

Rhizome erect, set with brown, ovate,

acute, entire rhizome-scales up to 4 mm long.

Fronds tufted, arching, firmly herbaceous, non-

proliferous; stipe stramineous, thinly pubescent

with minute whitish hairs; lamina elliptic, up to

0,34 X 0,18 m, with an acute, deeply pinnatifid

apex, basal two pairs of pinnae somewhat

reduced and deflexed; pinnae narrowly oblong,

attenuate, caudate with a long, narrow, crenate

segment apically, deeply pinnatifid, basal

acroscopic pinnule frequently enlarged, pubes-

cent with straight whitish hairs up to 1 mm long

on both surfaces; veins free, basal pair of each

lobe free or meeting at sinus. Sori medial, up to

16 per lobe; indusium orange, thickly membra-

nous, up to 0,7 mm in diameter, pilose with

white hairs.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, An-

gola, Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan. Shaded and ex-

posed streambanks and forest undergrowth, 1 100-1 700 m

in Southern Africa, up to 1 270 m in tropical Africa. Map

189.

MAP 189.—Thelypteris gueinziana

Vouchers: Schelpe 6015 (B; BOL; C; K; M; MO; P;

= Sa S); Strey 6022 (BOL; NH; NU); Taylor 1147

10. Thelypteris knysnaensis N.C. An-

thony & Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 155

(1982). Type: George, Groeneweidebos, Gel-

denhuys 609 (BOL, holo.!). .

Rhizome erect. Fronds tufted, arching,

thinly herbaceous, non-proliferous; stipe light

brown, thinly pubescent with minute whitish

hairs, dark brown and set with lanceolate, acu-

minate, somewhat pilose scales basally; lamina

elliptic, c. 0,46 xX 0,16 m, with an attenuate,

deeply pinnatifid apex, five basal pairs of pin-

nae reduced and deflexed; middle pinnae linear-

attenuate, caudate with a narrow, crenate seg-

ment apically, deeply pinnatifid into oblong,

rounded pinnules, basal acroscopic pinnule lar-

gest and overlapping rhachis, pubescent along

costae, costules and lower lamina surface with

straight whitish hairs up to 1 mm long; veins not

anastomosing. Sori medial to submarginal; in-

dusium thinly membranous, brown, c. 0,7 mm

in diameter, set with minute stalked yellow

glands and whitish hairs.

Known only from the indigenous forests of the

George-Knysna area of southern Cape Province. Shady,

damp localities. First recognised as distinct by Dr B. S.

Parris. Map 190.

Vouchers: Geldenhuys 400 (BOL); Michell s.n. (BOL

14491); Parris & Croxall 7423 (BOL).

MAP 190.—Thelypteris knysnaensis

FIG. 72—1, Thelypteris dentata, basal part of frond, < 0,6; la, stipe bases and rhizome, X 0,6; 1b, detail of lower

surface of pinna lobes, < 3,6; 1c, sorus, X 30 (Schelpe 3929).

218

=< % 2) b

2 aX

SS yy Ka

? SI

Os AY :

nD iS C ny (Gig

5 3 : y y s, SS

gs an N Be

, yy } SY

SHO

FILICALES 219

11. Thelypteris bergiana (Schlechitd.)

Ching in Bull. Fan Memor. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10:

251 (1941); Schelpe in JIS. Afr. Bot. 31: 261

(1965); in F.Z. Pterid.: 193, t. 55B (1970); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 150 (1977). Syntypes: Cape

Province, Kirstenbosch, Bergius s.n., Mundt &

Maire s.n. (Types not found).

Polypodium bergianum Schlechtd., Adumbr. 20, t. 9:

(1825). Aspidium bergianum (Schlechtd.) Mett. in Abh.

senckenb. naturforsch. Ges. 2: 363 (1858), réimpr. in

Mett., Farngatt. 4: 78, n. 188 (1858). Lastrea bergiana

(Schlechtd.) T. Moore, Ind. Fil. 86 (1858). Nephrodium

bergianum (Schlechtd.) Bak. in Hook. & Bak., Syn. Fil.

269 (1867). Dryopteris bergiana (Schlechtd.) Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 2: 812 (1891); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 93, t. 10

(1915). Dryopteris prolixa var. bergiana (Schlechtd.)

Alston apud Gilliland in Hick are 4: ya feed

Amauropelta bergiana (Schlechtd.) Holttum in . Afr. : ,

Bot. 40: 133 (1974): W. B. G. Jacobsen Ferns Sthn Afr, MAP 191.—Thelypteris bergiana

383, t. 286 (1983).

with straight hairs, the lower costae, costules

and lamina surface pilose with short, hooked,

whitish hairs; veins quite free. Sori medial to

non-proliferous; stipe greyish brown, thinly pu- dnt Ae x to 14 per lobe; indusium mi-

bescent with minute white hairs and set with as as te

scales basally; lamina narrowly elliptic, up to Cape Province, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zim-

0,95 x 0,25 m, deeply 2-pinnatifid, apex acu- bbws; Mozambiaue, Mala, Zambia, Zaire, Angola, Ke

minate with deeply pinnatifid terminal segment, Fernando Po. Streambanks in iret ad moist localities

basal 4 or 5 pairs of pinnae decrescent and de- along forest margins, 100-1 800 m in Southern Africa, c.

flexed; middle pinnae narrowly oblong-acumi- 2 500 min Kenya. Map 191.

nate, caudate with a subentire segment apically, Vouchers: Burrows 1458 (BOL; NBG); Esterhuysen

pubescent along costa, costules and veins above 26565 (B; BM; BOL; MO; PRE). |

Rhizome erect, set with pale brown, su-

bentire, sparsely ciliate rhizome-scales up to 8

mm long. Fronds tufted, arching, herbaceous,

2. MACROTHELYPTERIS

Macrothelypteris (H. [t6) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 8: 308 (1963); Holttum in J] S. Afr.

Bot. 40: 126 (1974). Type species: M. oligophlebia (Bak.) Ching (= Nephrodium oligophlebium

Bak.).

Rhizome short, creeping or suberect, set with narrow rhizome-scales somewhat thickened |

basally and with marginal and superficial acicular and capitate hairs. Scales at stipe base similar to

rhizome-scales, those on rhachis always with an acicular hair-tip. Lamina 2-pinnate to 4-pinnatifid

with somewhat adnate pinnules, lowest pinnae not conspicuously reduced; lamina hairs slender,

acicular or short and capitate, or both, some long slender multicellular hairs always present. Sori

not terminal on veins, always small, mostly with a small but persistent indusium often hidden by

mature sporangia. Spores with a somewhat winged perispore.

A genus of about 9 species distributed through the warmer parts of mainland Asia, Malaysia, NE Australia, the islands

of the Pacific and the Mascarene Islands. M. torresiana has been introduced to tropical and subtropical America and

subtropical Africa.

Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) 8B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 381, t. 285

Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 8: 310 (1963); (1983). Type: Mariana Islands, Gaudichaud

Holttum in JI] S. Afr. Bot. 40: 126 (1974); W. — s.n. (G, holo.; P).

FIG. 73.—1, Macrothelypteris torresiana, basal pinna and stipe, X 0,6; la, pinnule, x 1,8; 1b, detail of lower

surface of ultimate segment, xX 7,8 (note that the indusium is not evident in fully mature sori) (Roux 635).

220

Polystichum torresianum Gaud. in Freyc., Voy. Bot. 333

(1824). Thelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Alston in Lilloa 30:

111 (1960).

Rhizome shortly creeping. Fronds arch-

ing, herbaceous; stipe glaucous when fresh,

stramineous when dry, set with castaneous, c1-

liate scales at extreme base; lamina deltate-acu-

minate, c. 0,7 X 0,5 m, 4-pinnatifid, very nar-

rowly winging secondary rhachises, set with

translucent unicellular hairs scattered sparsely

along veins above and below; pinnules lanceo-

late-deltate, wider and/or more deeply incised

on acroscopic margin, pinnatifid almost to cos-

tule; ultimate segments lobed 4 to 4-way to

midvein, obtuse, margin entire to dentate; rha-

chis and secondary rhachises thickly set with

translucent, somewhat matted hairs above, sub-

labrous below; costae and costules pilose with

translucent unicellular hairs c. 0,5 mm long,

sparsely pilose with translucent unicellular and

‘multicellular hairs c. 1,5 mm long. Sori round;

indusium very small, bearing a few capitate

hairs. Fig. 73.

Indigenous in the warmer parts of mainland Asia and

Japan, Malaysia, north-eastern Australia, Polynesia, Ha-

waii and the Mascarene Islands. M. torresiana escaped

FILICALES

MAP 192.—Macrothelypteris torresiana

from the Durban Botanic Garden in Natal where it was in

cultivation in 1890 under the widely misapplied name

Nephrodium setigerum Baker (fide R. E. Holttum), and has

since spread into various fairly open, moist localities in

Natal. Similarly, it can now be found at places in the New

World, from the United States southwards to Venezuela

(fide R. M. Tryon). Map 192.

Vouchers: Roux 635 (BOL); Schelpe 1139 (NU); Webb

135 (NU).

3. AMPELOPTERIS

Ampelopteris Kunze in Bot. Ztg 6: 114 (1848); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 300 (1958);

Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 63 (1959); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 200 (1970); in Expl.

Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 82 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 160 (1977).

Type species: A. elegans Kunze.

Rhizome creeping, set with non-peltate black rhizome-scales. Fronds tufted; lamina pinnate,

freely proliferous along rhachis; veins from adjoining costules anastomosing. Sori circular to

elongate, exindusiate, with capitate paraphyses.

A monotypic genus distributed through the tropics and subtropics of the Old World.

Ampelopteris prolifera (Retz.) Copel.,

Gen. Fil. 144 (1947); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.:

200, t. 56 (1970); Holttum in JIS. Afr. Bot. 40:

153 (1974); Schelpe in C.F.A. Pterid.: 160, t.

28 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

398, t. 300 (1883) Type: India, Koenig s.n.

(LD, holo.!; GOET).

Hemionitis prolifera Retz., Obs. Bot. 6: 38 (1791).

Meniscium proliferum (Retz.) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 19, 207

(1806). Goniopteris prolifera (Retz.) Presl, Tent. Pterid.

183 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4,

5: 183 (1837). Nephrodium proliferum (Retz.) Keys., Poly-

pod. Cyath. Herb. Bunge 49 (1873). Phegopteris prolifera

(Retz.) Kuhn in Von Deck., Reisen, Bot. 3, 3: 44 (1879).

Polypodium proliferum sensu Carr., Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 2:

275 (1901), non Kaulf. (1824), nec Roxb. (1828). Dryopte-

ris prolifera (Retz.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 286 (1905); Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 99, t. 14 (1915). Cyclosorus proliferus

(Retz.) Tardieu-Blot ex Tardieu-Blot & C. Chr. in Notul.

Syst. 14: 346 (1952). Thelypteris prolifera (Retz.) P. J.

Vorster in Bothalia 12: 260 (1977).

Rhizome up to 10 mm in diameter, set

with entire, deltate-acuminate rhizome-scales

up to 2 mm long. Fronds closely spaced, arch-

ing, firmly membranous; stipe pale brown, ni-

tid, up to 0,4 m long; lamina very narrowly

deltate, up to 1 X 0,26 m, attenuate, basal pin-

FILICALES . 221

nae hardly reduced and upper pinnae progress-

ively reduced towards apex; lower pinnae

shortly petiolate to adnate, very narrowly ob-

long or attenuate with a truncate base, up to 150

x 20 mm, very shallowly incised into short

truncate lobes, glabrous on both surfaces; veins

up to 8 pairs per costule with at least 5 pairs

anastomosing; rhachis pale brown, glabrous.

Sori circular to elongate, exindusiate. Fig. 74.

Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Madagascar, Mauritius,

as well as the Palaeotropics. Also Guinea and Senegal

(Alston, 1959). Sporadic along riverbanks in the more trop-

ical parts of Southern Africa. Map 193.

Vouchers: Rogers 409 (GRA; PRE); Schelpe 4106 ' ;

(BM; BOL); Todd 23 (NU). MAP 193.—Ampelopteris prolifera

ATHYRIACEAE

Terrestrial plants. Rhizome creeping, or more usually erect, forming a short caudex in some

species, set with non-clathrate rhizome-scales. Stipe not articulated, with 2 vascular strands uniting

upwards into a U-shaped strand, often papillate at the base at the sites of fallen scales. Lamina

pinnate to 3-pinnate, costal grooves with uninterrupted raised edges; veins free or anastomosing.

Sori superficial, round, elongate or J-shaped, with or without indusia. Spores monolete, with

perispore.

la Sori elongate or J ee

2a Son elongate or J-shaped, never Dak ODA CK iis pte niciscs Sir sn ese deren tienin esle aaasiniendhth Sain elnaigiell Hamislenctalete ede ees 0 ott 1. Athyrium

2b Sori elongate, at least some back to back:

3a Rhizonie creepine-tronds: Zepaimaeilid ncawcts:, Bxegia cosh ase sasanlas Hea etigys ge tesss spit Logpimnaad an aang senate 2. Lunathyrium

3b Rhizome ereey TONGS SPiN AI el. haces teh cn eiistte dna eee Mt Sadarc agrinveds Sater tae a 3. Diplazium

1b Sori round:

4a Sori with minute, reniform indusia not apparent in mature sori; frond 1-2 m long...................... 4. Dryoathyrium

4b Sori with obvious round dentate indusia; frond less than 0,5 m long..............cccceec eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeenes 5. Cystopteris

A recent review of Japanese species of Athyrium and allied genera by Kato (1977) emphasises the need for a re-

evaluation of generic concepts in the Athyriaceae on a world-wide basis.

1. ATHYRIUM

Athyrium Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 31, 58 (1799); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 23 (1908); Tardieu-

Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 160 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 259 (1958); Alston in

F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 64 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 228 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 202 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 84 (1973); in

C.F.A. Pterid.: 162 (1977). Type species: A. filix-femina (L.) Roth (=Polypodium filix-femina

L.):

Rhizome erect or creeping, set with non-peltate rhizome-scales. Fronds tufted or closely

spaced; stipe pink or pale green when fresh; Jamina herbaceous, 2- to 4- pinnatifid, rarely simple or

pinnatifid, mostly glabrous; veins free. Sori superficial, mostly J-shaped, indusiate.

A cosmopolitan genus of about 180 species, mostly distributed through the north temperate regions and with 2 species

in continental Africa.

Rinizome Cie pitta amare ORR, 7b lS lbaale eke rede von Hee llince dRay gave sudan DONHIGEA sate weanaeay 1. A. schimperi

RNIZOMG erect: Dasal MiINNse MANAY OF NOE TEDUCED .<...0.0550<sccnrderserrsecrereecteasencenenseaeeened ben emenaeeeney 2. A. scandicinum

FILICALES

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FILICALES

1. Athyrium schimperi Moug. ex Fée,

Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 187 (1852); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 133, t. 41 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 202, t. 57B (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.:

162 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 404, t. 303 (1983). Type: Ethiopia, Debra

Eski, Schimper 239 (B, holo.!).

Asplenium schimperi (Moug. ex Fée) A. Br. in

Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 1: 224 (1867).

Rhizome creeping, up to 6 mm in diameter,

set with reddish brown, lanceolate-acuminate

rhizome-scales up to 7 mm long. Fronds

Closely spaced, erect, herbaceous; stipe pale

brown when dry, dark brown and set with

scales basally, otherwise glabrous, up to 0,38 m

long; lamina oblong-lanceolate, acute to acumi-

nate, up to 0,7 X 0,28 m, deeply 3-pinnatifid,

basal pair of pinnae usually somewhat reduced;

pinnae very narrowly ovate, attenuate, up to

160 X 50 mm; pinnules usually equally devel-

oped acroscopically and basiscopically; pinnule

lobes narrowly oblong and very sharply serrate-

dentate, glabrous on both surfaces; rhachis pale

brown, glabrous, with narrow wings above and

minutely pubescent at junction of pinnae. Sori

oblong, curved to J-shaped, 1-1,5 mm long;

indusia pale brown, erose to lacerate, membra-

nous. Fig. 75.

Eastern Cape Province, Natal, Lesotho, Transvaal,

Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Burundi, Tan-

zania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria and

Ghana. Around exposed boulders in moist situations or

rarely in light shade in forest, 1 500-2 300 m. Map 194.

Vouchers: Acocks 11381 (NH; PRE); Burrows 1350

(BOL; NBG); Schelpe 1249 (BM; NU).

MAP 194.—Athyrium schimperi

Ea Bix

2. Athyrium scandicinum (Willd.) Presl,

Tent, Pterid.: 98 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K.

Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 98 (1837); Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 133, t. 42 (1915); Schelpe

in F.Z. Pterid.: 204 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 404, t. 304 (1983). Type: Ré-

union, Bory s.n., Herb. Willdenow no. 19832

(B, holo.!).

Aspidium scandicinum Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4,5: 285

(1810). Allantodia scandicina (Willd.) Kaulf., Enum. Fil.

179 (1834). Cystopteris scandicina (Willd.) Desv. in Mém.

Soc. Linn., Paris 6, 2: 264 (1828). Nephrodium scandici-

num (Willd.) Bory in Bélanger, Voy., Ind. Or. Bot. 2: 63

(1833). Asplenium scandicinum (Willd.) Heller, Minn. Bot.

Stud. 1: 775 (1897), non Kaulf. (1824).

Asplenium aspidioides Schlechtd:, Adumbr. 24, t. 13

(1825), nom. illeg. Allantodea aspidioides (Schlechtd.)

Kunze in Bot. Ztg 1848: 191 (1848). Athyrium aspidioides

(Schlechtd.) Christ, Farnkr. 224 (1897). Syntypes: Cape of

Good Hope, Bergius s.n. ; Réunion, Bory s.n.

Athyrium laxum Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr. 16

(1858), non Schum. (1803). Asplenium laxum (Pappe &

Raws.) Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 105 (1868), non R. Br. (1810).

Type: Natal, Gueinzius s.n. (Type not seen).

Rhizome erect, up to 5 mm in diameter, set

with brown, lanceolate-oblong, entire rhizome-

scales up to 7 mm long. Fronds tufted, arching,

softly herbaceous; stipe pale brown when dry,

nitid, set with scattered scales, up to 0,55 m

long; lamina narrowly ovate, acute to acumi-

nate-caudate apically, up to 0,51 x 0,34 m, 3-

pinnatifid to 3-pinnate, basal pair of pinnae

slightly reduced; pinnae lanceolate, shortly acu-

minate to acuminate-caudate, up to 200 x 60

mm; pinnules developed somewhat more basis-

copically than acroscopically; pinnule lobes ob-

10° 12° we 16° 18° 20° 22° 24° 26° f

MAP 195.—Athyrium scandicinum

FIG. 74.1, Ampelopteris prolifera, part of frond, x 0,6; la, detail of portion of lower surface of pinna, xX 15

(Chase 4513).

FILICALES

long, shallowly crenate to strongly crenate-den-

tate, glabrous on both surfaces; rhachis pale

brown, glabrous, with narrow green wings

above, minutely pubescent at junction of pinnae

above. Sori oblong, slightly curved to J-shaped,

up to 2 mm long; indusia brown, erose to sub-

entire, glabrous. Fig. 76: 1.

Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambi-

que, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Madagas-

car, Réunion. Confined to moist heavily shaded situations

in forest, at altitudes between 1 300 and 1 900 m in Natal,

and between 1 000 and 2 000 m in eastern Zimbabwe and

southern Mozambique. Map 195.

Vouchers: Burrows 1382 (BOL; NBG); Schelpe 6054

(BM; BOL); 6214 (BM; BOL); 6266 (BM; BOL).

2. LUNATHYRIUM

Lunathyrium Koidzumi in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 30 (1932). Type species: L. pycnosorum

(Christ) Koidzumi (= Athyrium pycnosorum Christ; L. acrostichoides (Swartz) Ching).

Rhizome creeping, scaly. Fronds closely or widely spaced; stipe base swollen or not; lamina

not pentagonal in outline, pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid, decrescent or not. Sori curved, narrowly

oblong, straight or occasionally J-shaped, with lateral indusium.

A predominantly Asiatic genus consisting of about 30 species allied to Athyrium and not always accepted as distinct.

Lunathyrium japonicum (Thunb.) Ku-

rata in J. Geobot. 9: 99 (1961); W. B. G. Ja-

cobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 406, t. 305 (1983).

Type: Unknown.

Asplenium japonicum Thunb., Fl. Jap. 334 (1784).

Diplazium japonicum (Thunb.) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind.,

Suppl. 12 (1876). Athyrium japonicum (Thunb.) Copeland

in Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 3: 290 (1908). Athyriopsis japoni-

cum (Thunb.) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 9: 63 (1964).

Deparia japonica (Thunb.) M. Kato in Bot. Mag. Tokyo

90: 36 (1977).

Rhizome creeping, c. 5 mm in diameter,

set with lanceolate, clathrate, brown rhizome-

scales. Fronds spaced 5-10 (—20) mm apart,

arching, herbaceous, up to c. 0,75 m tall; stipe

light brown, becoming dark brown basally, as

long as or longer than lamina, set with clathrate

brown scales c. 2-5 mm long; /amina ovate-

deltate, 2-pinnatifid, basal pinnae not conspi-

cuously reduced and basiscopically developed,

set with minute multicellular hairs along veins

on both surfaces; pinnae lanceolate, attenuate,

deeply pinnatifid into rhombic, somewhat fal-

cate lobes c. 8 X 6 mm, each lobe serrate-den-

tate laterally, dentate apically; rhachis sulcate,

pubescent with minute multicellular hairs and

set with scattered scales; costae sulcate, pubes-

cent. Sori borne along veins, some back to

back, up to 3,5 mm long and 0,3 mm broad;

indusium pale brown, membranous, erose-lace-

rate.

Natal—apparently escaped from cultivation. Origi-

nally Ceylon, India, China, Japan, Malasia, New Zealand,

Queensland, Pacific islands to Fiji, Samoa, Cook Islands

and New Caledonia. Introduced to Azores. In Southern

Africa terrestrial in forest along streambanks in light to deep

shade, c. 200 m. Map 196.

Vouchers: Van Jaarsveld & Jacobs 5848 (B; BOL; C;

G; K; MO; NBG; P; PRE; S); 5853 (B; BOL; NBG; P; PRE;

S); 5874 (BOL MO; NBG; PRE); 5907 (BOL; K; NBG;

PRE); Van Jaarsveld & Lang 5103 (BOL; NBG).

MAP 196.—Lunathyrium japonicum

FIG. 75.—1, Athyrium schimperi, part of frond, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X c. 6

(Schelpe 5421).

226

FILICALES

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FILICALES 221

3. DIPLAZIUM

Diplazium Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 4, 61 (1801); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 23 (1908);

Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 64 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 144 (1964); in FI.

Camer. 3: 233 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 204 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 163 (1977). Lecto-

type species: D. plantagineum (L.) Swartz (=Asplenium plantagineum L.).

Rhizomes mostly erect, often forming a short caudex, set with non-peltate rhizome-scales and

frequently bearing strong black roots. Lamina usually large, 3- to 4-pinnate, mostly glabrous,

firmly herbaceous to coriaceous; veins free. Sori superficial, elongate; indusia, at least those near

the costule, in pairs set back to back.

A pantropic genus with 5 species in continental Africa.

Diplazium zanzibaricum (Bak.) C.

Chr., Ind. Fil. 241 (1905); Schelpe in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 205, t. 58B (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 410, t. 307 (1983). Type: ?Tan-

zania, Last s.n. (K, holo.!).

Asplenium zanzibaricum Bak. in Ann. Bot. 5: 311

(1891).

Rhizome erect, up to 0,4 m tall and 0,15 m

in diameter, set with lanceolate, acuminate, some-

what fimbriate rhizome-scales. Fronds arching;

stipe pale brown when dry, up to 1 m long and

10 mm in diameter, mostly subglabrous but set

with numerous attenuate, shortly ciliate, brown

_ scales up to 11 mm long among a very short,

dense tomentum basally; /amina broadly ovate,

acute, up to 1,5 x 1,4 m, very deeply 3-pinna-

tifid, basal pinnae and pinnules slightly re-

duced, up to 0,68 X 0,25, m; pinnules cut al-

most to costules into narrow, oblong, pinnati-

MAP 197.—Diplazium zanzibaricum

_ Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia,

Zaire, Tanzania, Uganda, Cameroun, Guinea, Madagascar

fid, obtuse lobes, glabrous on both surfaces ex-

cept for minute whitish hairs on costules;

rhachis pale brown, sulcate, glabrous; secon-

dary rhachises pale brown with narrow wings

above. Sori narrowly oblong, 1-1,5 mm long;

indusium brown, membranous, erose. Fig. 77:

and Comoro Islands. A large terrestrial fern which is locally.

frequent in deeply shaded, wet situations in the montane

forests of north-eastern Transvaal, eastern Zimbabwe and

Mozambique at 1 200-2 300 m altitude. Map 197.

Vouchers: Ayres s.n. (K); Enslin & Schweickerdt s.n.

(BM; PRU).

4. DRYOATHYRIUM

Dryoathyrium Ching in Bull. Fan Memor. Inst. Biol., Bot. 11: 79 (1941); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.:

207 (1970). Type species: D. boryanum (Willd.) Ching (=Aspidium boryanum Willd.).

Rhizome erect, forming a short caudex, set with non-peltate rhizome-scales. Lamina large, 4-

pinnatifid, glabrous except for minute short hairs along the narrowly and evenly winged costules,

herbaceous; veins free. Sori with minute reniform indusia not apparent in mature sor1.

A tropical genus of about 10 species distributed from tropical Africa and Madagascar to China and Japan. Only one

‘species occurs in continental Africa. —

FIG. 76.—1, Athyrium scandicinum, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe 5634). 2, Cystopteris fragilis, part of frond, x

0,6; 2a, detail of portion of lower surface of lamina, x 30 (Buchanan sub BOL 23527).

ii | FILICALES

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FILICALES

Dryoathyrium boryanum (Willd.) Ching

in Bull. Fan Memor. Inst. Biol., Bot. 11: 79

(1941); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 207, t. 59

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

411, t. 308 (1983). Type: Réunion, Bory s.n.,

Herb. Willdenow no. 19831 (B, holo.!).

Aspidium boryanum Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4, 5: 285

(1810). Lastrea boryana (Willd.) T. Moore, Ind. Fil. 86

(1858). Nephrodium boryanum (Willd.) Bak., Syn. Fil. 284

(1867). Dryopteris boryana (Willd.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 255

(1906). Athyrium boryanum (Willd.) Tagawa in Acta Phy-

totax. Geobot. 4: 144 (1935). Ctenitis boryana (Willd.)

Copel., Gen. Fil. 123 (1947). Cornopteris boryana (Willd.)

Tardieu-Blot in Am. Fern J. 48: 32 (1958). Parathyrium

boryanum (Willd.) Holttum in Kew Bull. 13: 449 (1959).

Deparia boryana (Willd.) M. Kato in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 90:

36 (1977).

Rhizome set with pale brown, concolo-

rous, subentire, ovate to lanceolate rhizome-

scales up to 5 mm long. Fronds tufted, arching;

stipe matt greyish brown, up to 1 m long, gla-

brous except for pale brown scales basally; lam-

ina narrowly ovate, acute, up to 1 X 0,64 m,

basal pinnae hardly reduced; pinnae shortly pe-

tiolate, oblong-lanceolate, attenuate, up to 340

x 150 mm, deeply 3-pinnatifid, developed

equally acroscopically and basiscopically, basal

pinnules somewhat reduced; pinnules oblong-

acuminate, base truncate, deeply pinnatifid into

narrowly oblong, obtuse, deeply crenate-serrate

lobes with an angular sinus between them, gla-

MAP 198.—Dryoathyrium boryanum

brous except for minute hairs along costules and

veins; rhachises pale brown. Sori up to 10 per

pinnule lobe, c. 0,6 mm in diameter; indusium

subentire. Fig. 77: 1.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania, Ke-

nya, Uganda, Cameroun, Nigeria, Fernando Po, Madagas-

car, Réunion, Comoro Islands. Also Sri Lanka, NE Hima-

layas, SW China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Bali,

Borneo, Luzon (Holttum, 1958). A rare fern occurring in

wet deeply shaded localities at altitudes from 1 300 to 1 750

m. Map 198.

Voucher: Schweickerdt 4511 (PRE).

5. CYSTOPTERIS

Cystopteris Bernh. in Neues J. Bot. 1, 2: 26 (1805); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 249 (1958);

Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 64 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 227 (1964). Type

species: C. fragilis (L.) Bernh. (= Polypodium fragile L.).

_ Rhizome shortly creeping, dictyostelic, set with lanceolate brown rhizome-scales. Stipe stra-

mineous to castaneous. Lamina herbaceous, 2- to 4- pinnatifid, glabrous; veins free. Sori dorsal on

veins, round, without paraphyses; indusia peltate. Spores reniform, smooth or muricate.

A genus of about 18 temperate and subtropical species.

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. in Neues

J. Bot. 1, 2: 27, t. 2 fig. 9 (1806); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 88, t. 8 (1915); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 402, t. 302 (1983). Type: Eu-

rope, Herb. Sloane (H.S. 96, fol. 40) (BM,

holo.!).

Polypodium fragile L., Sp. Pi. 2: 1091 (1753). Cyathea

fragilis (L.) J.E. Sm. in Mem. Acad. Turin 5: 417 (1793).

Aspidium fragile (L.) Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 4

(1801). Athyrium fragile (L.) Spreng., Anleit. Ken. Gew.

3: 136 (1804). Cyclopteris fragilis (L.) Gray, Nat. arr.

Britt. Pl. 2: 9 (1821). Cystea fragilis (L.) J.E. Sm., English

Flora 4: 289 (1828). Filix fragilis (L.) Underw., Our nat.

Ferns edn 6: 119 (1900).

Rhizome c. 2 mm in diameter, set with

pale to reddish brown, subentire, lanceolate,

thin rhizome-scales up to 3 X 0,6 mm. Fronds

closely spaced, thinly herbaceous; stipe strami-

neous, sparsely scaly, becoming brown and set

with broader scales basally, up to 90 mm long;

FIG. 77.—1, Dryothyrium boryanum, portion of frond, < 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X c.

0,45 (Schelpe 5663). 2, Diplazium zanzibaricum, portion of frond, < 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of ultimate

segments, X 1,8 (Schelpe 5625).

230 FILICALES

lamina ovate to oblong-lanceolate, up to 150 x

50 mm, basal pinnae reduced, 3- to 4-pinnatifid

(2-pinnatifid in young plants), lamina narrowly

winging costules; ultimate lobes obtusely den-

tate (occasionally acute). Sori c. 0,5 mm in

diameter, opening towards margin; indusia den-

tate to lacerate. Fig. 76: 2.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Lesotho, Natal, _

Transvaal, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Su-

dan, Cameroun, Morocco, Cape Verde Islands, Fernando

Po, Réunion, Comoro Islands; panboreal from Mexico to

Sri Lanka. In moist shaded habitats predominantly in the

summer-rainfall area, from altitudes of about 1 300 m to the

summit plateau of the Natal Drakensberg at 3 500 m, where

the fronds dry off and wither during the winter. Map 199.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 26700 (B; BOL; C; GH; K; M; A

MO; P; PR; PRE; S); Galpin 6936 (BOL; GRA); Hilliard &

Burtt 11794 (NU); Pott 4861 (BOL; PRE). MAP 199.—Cystopteris fragilis

LOMARIOPSIDACEAE

Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial plants. Rhizome creeping or scandent, dorsiventral, set

with non-peltate rhizome-scales. Stipe articulated or not. Lamina simple, or pinnate, basiscopic

pinna margin decurrent on rhachis; veins free or anastomosing, without included veinlets; fertile

fronds acrostichoid. Spores monolete, with perispore.

AN As ATS errr ener ar etn Teer eh Me ei siyrnana Sah Re tv Kid Wns eaabier WU pwincinalle semieeienietl 1. Elaphoglossum

Weinh AMASCOMIGSINE Wes. s Gade cree cen vasae eae eauns senin See si Oar ce Meant oa cane si nese Tae ee ae 2. Bolbitis

1. ELAPHOGLOSSUM

Elaphoglossum Schott ex. J. Sm., in J. Bot., Gott. 4: 148 (1841); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 58

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 103 (1953); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2,

Suppl. 65 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 21 (1960); in Fl. Camer. 3: 296 (1964); Pichi-

Sermolli in Webbia 23: 217 (1968); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 209 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol.

Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 84 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 164 (1977); J. P. Roux in

Jl S.Afr. Bot. 48: 481 (1982). Type species: E. conforme (Swartz) J. Sm. (=Acrostichum con-

forme Swartz).

Rhizome creeping, set with brown or black rhizome-scales. Fronds tufted or spaced,

strongly to weakly dimorphous; fertile fronds acrostichoid; stipes articulated basally; lamina

simple, thinly or densely set with entire or fimbriate or stellate scales; veins parallel and free.

A genus of over 450 species with the greatest concentration in tropical South America.

la Sterile lamina set with scales longer than 1,5 mm (i.e. visible to the naked eye):

2a Scales longer than 1,5 mm restricted to midrib and margin of lamina, dark brown; lamina surface set with scat-

tered stellate or substellate scales:

3a Sterile lamina linear, acuminate, base rounded cuneate; lanceolate scales with fimbriate bases present 1. E. aubertii

3b Sterile lamina narrowly oblong to very narrowly elliptic, acute, base shortly decurrent; only stellate scales

BORO a, 2 ah SU era casual es Arie ROMs AME luk Bick bs oy sisig Sire VC a die ngebckcgine Vly amiete ee a 2. E. hybridum

2b Scales longer than 1,5 mm covering both surfaces of lamina, light brown; stellate scales absent:

4a Fronds clustered; apex of sterile lamina obtuse; lamina scales subentire.................ccccseeeeeeeees 3. E. spathulatum

4b Fronds spaced c. 5 mm apart; apex of sterile lamina acute; lamina scales with prominent filamentous out-

PS ete ee MRE O TM OL ae ee a hot oes 5 ood once tesge « uns eet Rae op top ese heb lt Mahalo ROE BE 4. E. drakensbergense

1b Sterile lamina set with scales less than 1,5 mm long only:

5a Sterile lamina broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, thickly coriaceous:

6a Fronds closely spaced, young fronds not viscid; apex of sterile lamina acute, lamina scales stellate

DO Ree ae re eR crash abn A GHH go Minho eT 4-4 46 0 VALET ised Meth esd oR einige wala: aah ele I aria 5. E. macropodium

FILICALES

231

6b Fronds spaced 3-18 mm apart, young fronds glandular viscid; apex of sterile lamina rounded, lamina scales

POUT, 5 5 Ses) uence ee ee

ss G NOOEE AREOLA ars hice Sesion asaunntore ecueidon 6. E. conforme

5b Sterile lamina oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic-acuminate, thinly coriaceous:

7a Sterile lamina very narrowly elliptic-acuminate, apex acuminate; midrib conspicuously sulcate above when —

fresh;-often Hithophyne’ 122.500 carus xarairten snaeeee ane on Aha ace tern oo no eMac lo in 7. E. acrostichoides

7b Sterile lamina oblanceolate, apex obtuse-acute; midrib convex above when fresh; often in deep forest shade on

Old WEE SIAMAPS” .accceds oy eee cee eee bass cela

1. Elaphoglossum aubertii (Desv.) T.

Moore, Ind. Fil. 5 (1857); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 289, t. 152 (1915); Schelpe in Contr.

Bolus Herb. 1: 32 (1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 213

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

421, t. 315 (1983). Type: Réunion, Thouars

s.n. (P, holo.!).

Acrostichum aubertii Desv. in Mag. Ges. Naturf. Berl. 5:

309 (1811).

Rhizome short, c. 3—8 mm in diameter, set

with brown, lanceolate-acuminate, entire, hair-

pointed rhizome-scales up to 65 X 7 mm.

Fronds clustered, arching, firmly membranous;

stipe stramineous to pale brown, set with persis-

tent squarrose scales, stipes of fertile fronds

much longer than those of sterile fronds, up to

180 mm and 70 mm long respectively; sterile

lamina linear, acuminate, up to 290 < 17 mm,

set with brown involute scales along midrib and

smaller fimbriate scales on both surfaces and

margins, base rounded cuneate not decurrent,

margin entire or irregularly and shallowly undu-

late; fertile lamina very narrowly oblong, acute,

up to 100 X 13 mm, base broadly cuneate to

cordate-truncate.

Natal through Transvaal to Zimbabwe, Mozambi-

que, Malawi, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Cameroun, Fer-

nando Po, Sao Tomé, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Mauri-

tius and Réunion. E. aubertii grows on moss covered bould-

MAP 200.—Elaphoglossum aubertii

i: eee oe oh ee een air ree ee eee 8.E. angustatum

ers or as a low-level epiphyte in moist forest. In Natal it

occurs below 1 850 m and in the eastern districts of Zim-

babwe and in Mozambique between 1 500 m and 2 500 m.

Map 200.

Vouchers: Fisher 814 (BM; NH; NU; PRE); Schelpe

6262 (BM; BOL); Schweickerdt s.n. (PRE; STE).

2. Elaphoglossum hybridum (Bory)

Brack. in U.S. Expl. Exped. 16: 69 (1854);

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 288, t. 151 fig. 1

(1915); Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 32

(1969); in F.Z. Pterid.: 213 (1970); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 420, t. 314 (1983).

Type: Réunion, Caverne Le Gentil, Bory s.n.

(P, holo.!).

Acrostichum hybridum Bory, Voy 3: 95 (1804). Olfersia

hybrida (Bory) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 235 (1836), reimpr. in

Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 235 (1837).

Rhizome up to 4 mm in diameter, set with

dark brown, lanceolate, attenuate, entire rhi-

zome-scales up to 6 X 1 mm. Fronds clustered,

arching, firmly herbaceous; stipe stramineous

to pale brown, fairly densely set with scales,

becoming subglabrous with age; sterile lamina

very narrowly oblong to very narrowly elliptic

(or narrowly elliptic in small fronds), acumi-

nate, set mainly along margin and midrib with

dark brown scales c. 1,5 mm long (smaller

along margin) and with substellate scales on

lamina surface, base narrowly to broadly

cuneate, abruptly decrescent or not; midrib

shallowly sulcate above, convex below; fertile

lamina narrowly oblong, acute, up to 125 x 30

mm, narrowly ovate in small fronds, base

broadly cuneate, hardly decurrent.

Eastern Cape Province, Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambi-

que, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Cameroun, Fernando Po,

Comoro Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Tristan

da Cunha, Gough Island, as well as tropical America. E.

hybridum is confined to moist deeply shaded habitats in

forest, growing on moss covered boulders or as a low-level

epiphyte, 1 600-2 500 m. Fertile fronds are infrequently

produced. Map 201.

Vouchers: McLoughlin 106 (PRE); Sim s.n. (GRA;

PRE).

232 FILICALES

FIG. 78.—1, Elaphoglossum drakensbergense, plant, x 0,6; la, detail of upper surface of lamina, X 2,1 (Esterhuy-

sen 26052); 1b, lamina scale, x 30. 2, Elaphoglossum spathulatum, plant, x 0,6 (Buchanan sub BOL 23548); 2a, lamina

scale, X 30.

FILICALES

MAP 201.—Elaphoglossum hybridum

3. Elaphoglossum spathulatum (Bory) T.

Moore, Ind. Fil. 14 (1857); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn. 2: 291, 1. 150 te i913); Schelpe an

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 33 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 213 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 422, t. 316 (1983). Type: Réunion,

R. St Denis, Bory s.n. (P, holo.!—-BOL,

illustr.!).

Acrostichum spathulatum Bory, Voy. 1: 363, t. 20 fig. 1

(1804). Olfersia spathulata (Bory) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 233

(1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5:

233 (1837).

Rhizome short, 1,5 mm in diameter, set

with pale brown, lanceolate, attenuate, suben-

tire rhizome-scales up to 4 mm long. Fronds

clustered, erect, firmly membranous; stipe stra-

mineous, up to 40 mm long in fertile fronds and

17 mm in sterile fronds, densely set with squar-

rose, lanceolate, longly acuminate, somewhat

involute, pale brown scales up to 2 mm long;

sterile lamina narrowly oblanceolate to spathu-

late, obtuse, up to 45 X 9 mm, set on both

surfaces with pale brown, involute, entire

scales up to 2 mm long, base longly decurrent;

fertile lamina broadly elliptic to circular, ob-

tuse, up to 18 X 10 mm, set with scales persis-

tent mainly along midrib. Fig. 78: 2.

Natal and north-eastern Orange Free State, Zimbabwe,

Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Kenya, Mada-

gascar, Réunion and Sri Lanka. Sheltered rock faces and

crevices in montane forest and partial shade on south aspect

slopes, 1 100-2 800 m altitude. Map 202.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 10208 (BOL; NBG; PRE);

Schlechter 6919 (BM; BOL; GRA; K; PRE).

4. Elaphoglossum drakensbergense

Schelpe in J1 S. Afr. Bot. 34: 237, t. 2 (1968);

MAP 202.—Flephoglossum spathulatum

W. B.G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 426, t. 321

(1983). Type: Natal, Drakensberg, Injasuti

area, Esterhuysen 26052 (BOL, holo.!:; B!;

BM!; C!; GH!; K!; M!; MO!; P!; PR!; PRE!;

S!).

Rhizome up to 145 mm long, c. 1 mm in

diameter, set with castaneous, narrowly lanceo-

late, attenuate, serrulate, hair-pointed rhizome-

scales up to 4 X 4 mm. Fronds erect, spaced c.

5 mm apart, membranous; stipe brown (with a

darker phyllopodium c. 5 mm long), up to 145

mm long, set with squarrose, pale brown, lan-

ceolate, attenuate, serrulate scales up to 2 mm

long; sterile lamina narrowly-oblong, acute, up

to 65 X 18 mm, set with pale brown, lanceo-

late, serrulate scales up to 1,5 mm long on both

surfaces, base broadly cuneate; midrib not very

prominent; fertile lamina narrowly oblong to

elliptic, up to 32 X 10 mm, acute to rounded,

base broadly cuneate to truncate, hardly decres-

cent. Fig. 78: 1.

Endemic to the Natal Drakensberg, between 2 100 and

3 200 m altitude. Sheltered rock faces and crevices in par-

tial shade, usually on south aspect slopes. Map 203.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 27828, 27840 (BOL); Schelpe

7671 (BOL). |

5. Elaphoglossum macropodium (Fée)

Tl, Moore, Tad. Fil.” 11-(4857);.. Schelpe -in

Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 31 (1969); in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 211 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 419, t. 313 (1983). Type: Réunion,

Herb. Bory (P, holo.).

Acrostichum macropodium Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 2: 30,

t. 6 fig. 2 (1845).

FILICALES

234

HN) Wy yy

ANNA ie

| .

AAA

FIG. 79.—Elaphoglossum macropodium, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe 5742).

FILICALES

MAP 203.—Elaphoglossum drakenbergense

Elaphoglossum conforme var. latifolium Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn. 2: 286, t. 148 (1915). Syntypes: Natal, Buchanan

s.n. (K!); Medley Wood s.n. (PRE); Zimbabwe, Mt Pene,

Swynnerton 6009.

Rhizome c. 5 mm in diameter, set with

Squarrose, pale brown, concolorous, narrowly

lanceolate, attenuate, irregularly fimbriate rhi-

zome-scales up to 12 X 2 mm. Fronds erect,

closely spaced, thickly coriaceous; stipe pale

brown, darker brown and set with scales at ex-

treme base, otherwise glabrous, up to 0,24 m

long; sterile lamina broadly elliptic, up to 360

x 80 mm, acuminate (broadly acute to broadly

obtuse in smaller fronds), base broadly cuneate

and scarcely decurrent, set with minute, very

scattered, substellate scales less than 0,5 mm in

diameter; midrib shallowly sulcate above, con-

vex below; fertile lamina oblong-lanceolate, up

to 260 < 40 mm, acute, base shortly decurrent.

Fig. 79.

Transkei, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,

Malawi, Tanzania and Réunion. Also reported from Com-

oro Islands, Seychelles and Mauritius by Tardieu-Blot

(1960). E. macropodium occurs either in rock crevices or as

a low-level epiphyte in sheltered forest habitats from near

the coast at Port St Johns to c. 3 000 m in the eastern

districts of Zimbabwe. Map 204.

Vouchers: Hardcastle 64 (PRE); Schweickerdt 1630

ao NU; PRU); Strey 7244 (BOL; NH); Taylor 2602

(NBG).

In his treatment of Elaphoglossum in Southern Africa,

Roux (1982) lectotypified E. conforme var. latifolium

(Inanda and Great Noodsberg, Buchanan s.n.—NH) and

placed it as a synonym under E. angustatum (Schrad.)

Hieron. However, Sim’s plate 148 is an illustration of E.

macropodium, and this is noted by Roux under that species.

MAP 204.—Xiaphoglossum macropodium

6. Elaphoglossum conforme (Swartz) J.

Sm. in Hooker, J. Bot. 4: 148 (1841); Schelpe

in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 29 (1969); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 416, t. 310 (1983).

Type: St Helena, Masson s.n., Herb. Thunberg

24405 (UPS, holo.!).

Acrostichum conforme Swartz, Syn. Fil. 10, 192, t. 1 fig..

1 (1806). Olfersia conformis (Swartz) Presl, Tent. Pterid.

235 (1836).

Acrostichum oblongum Desv. in Mag. Ges. Naturf. Berl.

5: 308 (1811). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Herb. Desvaux

(P, holo.!).

Acrostichum glandulosum Carm. ex Hook. & Grev., Ic.

Fil. t. 3 (1830). Acrostichum conforme var. glandulosum

(Carm. ex Hook. & Grev.) Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 2: 31

(1845). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Carmichael s.n. (K,

holo.!~BOL, photo.!).

Acrostichum viscosum var. rupestre Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 1: 222, t. 82 fig. 2 (1892), pro parte. Elaphoglossum

petiolatum var. rupestre (Sim) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

288, t. 150 fig. 2 (1915). Type: Cape Province, Cape

Peninsula, Bolus 3899 (BOL, lecto.!).

Rhizome c. 3 mm in diameter, set with

squarrose, concolorous brown, narrowly ovate,

acuminate, subentire rhizome-scales up to 6 X

2 mm. Fronds erect, spaced 3-18 mm apart,

carnose-coriaceous, glandular-viscid when

young; stipe pale brown with a darker phyllopo-

dium, 5-55 mm long, scaly, becoming glabrous

with age; sterile lamina elliptic to narrowly-

elliptic-oblong, 25-95 x 9-23 mm, obtuse, set

with rounded pale-edged scales less than 0,5

mm in diameter and persistent ovate-acute,

brown scales up to 1,5 < 1 mm along under

surface of midrib, base cuneate, shortly decur-

rent, margin entire, narrowly involute, pale,

usually punctate below at sites of viscid glands;

FILICALES

SERS Sh od

Ae PAAR LOTS

Rea real

FILICALES

MAP 205.—Elaphoglossum conforme

midrib slightly convex above, prominent

below, fertile lamina oblong-elliptic to oblong-

lanceolate, 20-95 xX 10-21 mm, base broadly

cuneate. Fig. 80: 2.

South-western Cape Province, Kenya, Uganda, Tanza-

nia, Zaire and St Helena. Also reported from Liberia

(Alston, 1959). Sheltered south aspect mossy ledges on

outcrops in Restioveld in western Cape Province at altitudes

of c. 1 000 m. Map 205.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 30540 (B; BM; BOL; C; GH;

-M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S); 30541 (B; BM; BOL; C; GH; M;

MO; NBG; P; PR; PRE; S).

The viscid immature fronds provide a useful field

character.

7. Elaphoglossum acrostichoides (Hook.

& Grev.) Schelpe in JI S. Afr. Bot. 30: 196

(1964); in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 29 (1969); in

F.Z. Pterid.: 210 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 164

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

413, t. 309 (1983). Type: Cape of Good Hope,

Carmichael s.n., Herb. Hooker (K, holo.!).

Vittaria acrostichoides Hook. & Grev., Ic. Fil. t. 186

(1830). Drymoglossum acrostichoides (Hook. & Grev.) T.

Moore, Ind. Fil. 31 (1857).

Elaphoglossum petiolatum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn

2: 287, t. 149 fig. 2 (1915), non (Swartz) Urban (1903).

Rhizome c. 3 mm in diameter, set with

subentire rhizome-scales up to 6 X 1,2 mm,

concolorous pale brown or castaneous in upper

half, with occasional filamentous outgrowths

along margin. Fronds spaced 5-10 mm apart,

thinly coriaceous; stipe pale brown strami-

Pe |

MAP 206.—Elaphoglossum acrostichoides

neous, with a darker phyllopodium, up to 220

mm long, set with pale brown scales, stipe of

fertile frond usually longer than that of sterile

frond; sterile lamina very narrowly eliptic-acu-

minate up to 350 X 35 mm, set with stellate

scales less than 0,5 mm in diameter on both

surfaces, base cuneate, shortly to longly decur-

rent, margin entire to shallowly irregularly un-

dulate; midrib sulcate above; veins obscure, c.

0,8 mm apart; fertile ‘lamina linear, acute to

acuminate, up to 170 X 15 mm, base narrowly

cuneate, attenuate. Fig. 80: 1.

From south-western Cape Province through Transkei,

Natal, Lesotho, north-eastern Orange Free State, Swaziland

and Transvaal to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, An-

gola, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroun, Liberia, Gui-

nea and Ivory Coast, Sao Tomé, Fernando Po and Madagas-

car. A common epiphytic or lithophytic species in the mon-

tane forests of eastern Cape Province and Natal northwards;

it occurs less frequently in sheltered rock crevices in south-

western Cape Province. Generally found at higher altitudes

up toc. 2 800 m. Map 206.

Vouchers: Codd & Dyer 9108 (BOL; PRE); Compton

27849 (NBG; PRE); Esterhuysen 30546 (B; BM; BOL;

MO; P; PR; PRE); jacobsen 3804 (BOL; SRGH);

Schlechter 6917 (BM; PRE; SAM).

8. Elaphoglossum angustatum (Schrad.)

Hieron. in Bot. Jb. 46: 403 (1911); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 417, t. 311 (1983).

Type: Cape Province, Hesse s.n. (LE, holo.!—

BOL, photo.!; GOET).

Acrostichum angustatum Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz.

1818: 915 (1818). Olfersia angustata (Schrad.) Presl, Tent.

Pterid. 234 (1836).

FIG. 80.—1, SON pore acrostichoides, part of plant, <0,6 (Mitchell 269). 2, E. conforme, part of plant, x

0,6 (Wolley-Dod 1790). 3

angustatum, part of plant, x 0,6 (Schelpe 4315).

238 FILICALES

1 at tlh ti

FIG. 81.—1, Bolbitis heudelotii, sterile frond, x 0,6 (Chase 6638); 1a, fertile frond, x 0,6 (Chase 2189); 1b, detail

of portion of sterile pinna, x 1,8 (Chase 2189).

FILICALES

Elaphoglossum conforme sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

285, t. 147 (1915).

Rhizome up to 6 mm in diameter, set with

appressed, dark brown, narrowly ovate to lan-

ceolate, attenuate, fimbriate rhizome-scales up

to 6 X 1,8 mm. Fronds erect to arching, spaced

5—10 mm apart, carnose-coriaceous, never

glandular viscid; stipe stramineous, with a dark

brown phyllopodium, up to 310 mm long, stipe

of fertile frond usually much longer than that of

sterile frond; sterile lamina oblanceolate (rarely

narrowly oblong), c. 85-245 x 18-60 mm, ob-

tuse, set with stellate scales less than 0,5 mm in

diameter on both surfaces, base very narrowly

cuneate decurrent, margin entire or undulate;

midrib convex above when fresh (subsulcate

when dry); fertile lamina linear to very nar-

rowly oblong acute, 95-140 x 11-17 mm, base

narrowly cuneate decurrent. Fig. 80: 3.

South-western Cape Province to Natal, usually on

humus-strewn boulders in deep shade in forest. In southern

and eastern Cape Province it occurs between 280 and 660 m

MAP 207.—Elaphoglossum angustatum

elevation, but in Natal its altitudinal limits appear from 500

m to 1 000 m. Map 207.

Vouchers: Compton 13535 (NBG; PRE); Esterhuysen

29016 (BM; BOL; MO); Medley Wood s.n. (BOL; PRE;

SAM); Schelpe 6553 (B; BOL; C; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE;

S).

2. BOLBITIS

Bolbitis Schott, Gen. Fil. 3, t. 14 (1935); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 109 (1953);

Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 68 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 57 (1960); in FI.

Gabon 8: 183 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 314 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 218 (1970); in Expl.

Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 87 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 168 (1977);

Hennipman, Monog. Bolbitis (1977). Type species: B. serratifolia (Mertens ex Kaulf.) Schott

(=Acrostichum serratifolium Mertens ex Kaulf.).

_ Rhizome creeping, set with dark, entire rhizome-scales. Fronds closely spaced, weakly

dimorphic, gemmiferous in some species; stipes not articulated; mature fronds usually pinnate;

sterile pinnae glabrous, usually crenate; fertile pinnae acrostichoid; veins anastomosing.

A tropical genus of 44 species and 13 hybrids mostly in Asia but with 8 species and 2 hybrids in tropical Africa, only

one of which occurs in our area.

Bolbitis heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) Alston in

J. Bot., Lond. 72, Suppl. Pterid. 2: 3 (1934);

Schelpe in Contr. Bolus Herb. 1: 41 (1969); in

F.Z. Pterid.: 218, t.. 62.(1970)> ino-C.P A.

Pterid.: 170, t. 30 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 428, t. 323 (1983). Type: Gui-

nea, Fouta-Dyallon, Herb. Bory, Heudelot 805

(P, holo.!; B; K; L).

Gymnopteris heudelotii Bory ex Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug.

2, Acrost. 84, t. 45 (1845). Anapausia heudelotii (Bory ex

Fée) Presl, Epim. Bot. 187 (1849). Acrostichum heudelotii

(Bory ex Fée) Hook., Sp. Fil. 5: 264 (1864). Chrysodium

heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 51 (1868). Lepto-

chilus heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 385

(1906); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 122, t. 33 (1915). Camp-

ium heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) Copel. in Philipp. J. Sci. 37:

396 (1928).

MAP 208 .—Bolbitis heudelotii

240

Rhizome up to 10 mm in diameter, set

with very dark brown, lanceolate, acuminate,

entire rhizome-scales c. 3 mm long. Fronds

spaced up to 30 mm apart, arching, firmly

membranous, slightly dimorphous; stipe up to

290 mm long and 4 mm in diameter, glabrous

or set with a few scales; sterile lamina ovate-

oblong, up to 270 X 170 mm, pinnate or pinna-

tifid, pinnae oblong-lanceolate, acute to acumi-

nate, up to 75 X 12 mm, entire to weakly cre-

nate, base unequally cuneate to decurrent, gla-

brous, rhachis and costae set with dark brown,

ovate, entire scales up to 2 mm long when

FILICALES

young, becoming glabrous with age; fertile

lamina narrowly oblong-lanceolate, pinnate,

pinnae lanceolate-acuminate, entire, up to 100

x 14 mm, petiolate or with unequally cuneate

decurrent bases, glabrous. Sori acrostichoid.

Fig. 81.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia,

Angola, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Cameroun, Nigeria,

Ghana, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone and Liberia. On wet or

partially submerged rocks in streambeds, usually in deep

shade in forest, c. 900-1 600 m. Map 208.

Voucher: Wager s.n. (PRE).

ASPIDIACEAE/DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Terrestrial ferns with creeping or erect, dictyostelic rhizomes set with non-clathrate, non-

peltate rhizome-scales. Stipes not articulated to rhizome, with 2—7 vascular bundles. Lamina most-

ly 2- to 4-pinnatifid, often with lower pinnae basiscopically developed, glabrous or set with scales

or unicellular or multicellular hairs; pinnae not articulated to rhachis; rhachis groove glabrous or

scaly but not with multicellular hairs; veins free or anastomosing. Sori superficial, circu-

lar, with or without peltate or reniform indusia. Spores monolete, usually with perispore.

la Pinna costa (or secondary rhachises) with raised edges on upper surface:

2a: Pinnwles dimidiate.articuiated, Soros SUBIC a ciii es oe vals ales os deh seeds 4 sis ole sce dopitle senydnan des 2. Didymochlaena

2b Pinnules neither dimidiate nor articulated; sori circular:

3a Indusia peltate; lower pinnae not developed basiscopically...............cceceeeneeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeenenenen 5. Polystichum

3b Indusia reniform; lower pinnae often developed basiscopically:

4a Pinnule margins crenate to serrate; basal pinnae not as long as lamina....................cceseeeeeee eee 3. Dryopteris

4b Pinnule margins aristate-dentate; basal pinnae almost as long as lamina itself.....................68. 6. Arachniodes

1b Pinna costa without raised edges on upper surface:

a ee ORAM IS Relea ahe, st ollie, bie kee eM um oo ER anedha nid Oe nara ilaveindidiadinlnctv Dros kesgadtahs 4. Cyrtomium

5b Lamina 2- to 4-pinnatifid:

ba. Induswim pasal wcup-shaped-abinianirityss 056) eke ah ie aa lek es co deane lide 1. Woodsia

6b Indusium peltate or reniform:

7a Veins free:

id. WANGAIGTA Pe WS, LAEIIEEOTA TOUS Fossa dace ves ce cidy soe satdasaccasenceswacsicwes co ans ow tmasinda sqiecisoeawinrenie 7. Rumohra

8b Indusia reniform; lamina pubescent or pilose:

9a Indusia densely pilose with long white unicellular hairs; upper surface of costae pilose with unicellular

OOS ESSE 1 A A Ee aT OM Mee GRRL AS) ie ROW re Ek OR ence iy Jt epi te sipal 8. Hypodematium

9b Indusia glabrous, pubescent or very thinly pilose; upper surface of costae densely set with short multi-

DUM 5 uaa dexti oa. wer pierre oes we A. cof POs LEAP Md re fob ec Ry ees. eee ean Ltd 9. Ctenitis

ORNL ESE OTe UR Ro AR 7 A a. os ORs 7 AR LS: Or I 10. Tectaria

1. WOODSIA

Woodsia R. Br., Prodr. 158 (1810); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 303 (1958); Brown in Nova

Hedw. Beih. 16: 1-154 (1964); Schelpe in C.F.A. Pterid.: 173 (1977). Lectotype species: W.

ilvensis (L.) R. Br. (= Acrostichum ilvense L.).

Rhizome dictyostelic. Fronds herbaceous, pinnate or bipinnate, pubescent or pubescent and

paleate; venation free. Sori round, dorsal on lamina, subterminal or dorsal on veins, without

araphyses; indusium basal, fragile, globose, opening apically. Spores monolete with a more or

ess conspicuously reticulate perispore.

FILICALES 241

A genus of about 40 species; alpine and arctic, northern hemisphere as well as South America, Angola and Southern -

Africa.

Stipe without numerous persistent scales at the base; pinnatifid segments closely spaced or overlapping

rere Hoe, nnn ey Aten ee <ieoniternay kM ORE Oe Cua tks 4 Rb inte 1. W. montevidensis var. burgessiana

Stipe with numerous persistent scales at the base; pinnatifid segments widely spaced, not overlapping.................066.

ole b ary sieclce's adm Rita fh nit A Se eA DOT Re ea es cae reed erence TEM ee Riek ace SR Lae ti Dan BBA tad 2. W. angolensis

1. Woodsia montevidensis (Spreng.)

Hieron. in Bot. Jb. 22: 363 (1897). Type:

Montevideo, Sello 517 (B, holo.).

The typical variety does not occur in Southern Africa.

Var. burgessiana (Gerr. ex Hook. &

Bak.) Schelpe in J1S. Afr. Bot. 35: 138 (1969);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 430, t. 9,

324 (1983). Type: Natal, near the Tugela River,

Gerrard & McKen s.n. (K,holo.!; S!; SAM!;

TCD). |

Woodsia burgessiana Gerr. ex Hook. & Bak., Syn. Fil.

edn 1: 48 (1868); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 86, t. 44 fig. 2

(1915).

Rhizome creeping, set with subentire rhi-

zome-scales with a black central stripe and pale

borders, up to 6 X 1,5 mm. Fronds tufted,

herbaceous; stipe stramineous, darker basally,

c. 40 mm long, set with minute glandular hairs

and a few scales, becoming subglabrous; lam-

ina narrowly ovate-lanceolate, pinnate to 2-pin-

natifid, lower pairs of pinnae decrescent; pin-

nae sessile, rounded-oblong, deeply pinnatifid

into overlapping rhombic, dentate lobes, set on

both surfaces with short multicellular hairs,

mainly along under surfaces of veins; rhachis

stramineous, sulcate above, pilose with glandu-

lar hairs. Sori c. 1 mm diameter; indusium lace-

rate. Fig. 82:1.

_ Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal,

Zimbabwe and Madagascar. Rocky habitats, c. 1 300 m to

3 150 m. Map 209.

16° 18°

ee ae ie

MAP 209.—Woodsia montevidensis var. burgessiana

Vouchers: Galpin 6932 (BOL; GRA; K; NH; SAM);

Hilliard & Burtt 8986 (E; MO; NU; PRE); Schlechter 4705

(BOL; GRA; K; PRE).

2. Woodsia angolensis Schelpe in Garcia

de Orta, sér. Bot. 3: 53 (1976); in C.F.A. Pte-

rid.: 173, t. 31 (1977). Type: Angola, Huila,

Lubango, Serra da Chela, Tundavala, Borges

131 (LISC, holo.!; COI.!; LUAT!).

Rhizome creeping, set with narrowly lan-

ceolate, entire rhizome-scales with a dark

brown central stripe and pale brown borders, c.

> X 1 mm. Fronds tufted, herbaceous; stipe

stramineous, up to 55-70 mm, set with broadly

lanceolate, concolorous brown scales up to 4,5

mm long; /amina elliptic or narrowly obovate,

pinnate to 2-pinnatifid, basal pinnae reduced;

pinnae pinnatifid into widely spaced, oblong,

crenate-dentate lobes, hairy above, with yellow

glands below, and sparsely hairy along costae;

rhachis stramineous, set with multicellular

hairs and linear concolorous brown scales. Sori

c. 1 mm in diameter; indusium somewhat lace-

rate, bearing a few yellow glands.

Natal, Transvaai and Angola. Known from two locali-

ties in Southern Africa only: in sheltered and exposed areas

in and around the Mtola Forest in the Vryheid district of

Natal and on cliffs in open grassland in the Dullstroom area

of Transvaal. Map 210.

Voucher: Burrows 3067 (BOL); Johnstone 304 (NU).

MAP 210.—Woodsia angolensis

242

Pass ca: @ Ppp eee

AIO

apes

FILICALES

HERRAT MARCH

FILICALES 243

2. DIDYMOCHLAENA

Didymochlaena Desv. in Mag. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. 5: 303, t. 7 (6,6a) (1811); Engl., Pflan-

zenw. Afr. 2: 14 (1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 153 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5,

{: 304 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A edn 2, Suppl. 69 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 154

(1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 220 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 173 (1977). Type species: D.

sinuosa Desv. (= D. truncatula (Swartz) J. Sm.).

Rhizome erect, forming a short caudex, set with large, brown, subentire rhizome-scales.

Fronds tufted; stipe scaly; lamina oblong-ovate, firmly herbaceous, 2-pinnate; pinnules dimidiate-

trapeziform, subsessile, articulate; veins free. Sori borne towards acroscopic margin of pinnules,

broadly elliptic; indusium peltate with a narrow, laterally elongate stalk.

A monotypic pantropic genus.

Didymochlaena truncatula (Swartz) J.

Sm. in Hook., J. Bot. 4: 196 (1841); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 112, t. 24 (1915); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 220, t. 64E (1970); in C.F.A. Pte-

rid.: 173 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 432, t. 325 (1983). Iconotype: Hout-

tyn, Nat. Hist. 14: 209, t. 100 fig. 1 (1783)!,

possibly from Java.

Aspidium truncatulum Swartz in J. Bot., Gott. 1800, 2:

36 (1801).

Adiantum lunulatum Houtt., Nat. Hist. 14: 209, t. 100

fig. 1 (1783), non Burm. (1768). Didymochlaena lunulata

(Houtt.) Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn., Paris 6: 282 (1827).

Nephrolepis lunulata (Houtt.) Keys., Polypod. Cyath.

panes Bunge 40 (1873). Type as for Didymochlaena trun-

catula.

Didymochlaena dimidiata Kunze in Linnaea 18: 122

(1844). Type: Natal, the great waterfall between the Om-

fondi and Tugela Rivers, Gueinzius s.n. (LZ, holo.t; K,

iso.!; L-BOL, photo.!).

Rhizome up to 25 mm in diameter, form-

ing a caudex up to 200 mm high and 150 mm in

diameter, set with attenuate rhizome-scales up

to 20 X 1 mm, with a few filamentous marginal

outgrowths. Fronds arching, firmly herba-

ceous; stipe stramineous, up to 0,5 m long, set

with linear and narrowly ovate scales up to 10

mm long; lamina oblong-ovate, up to 1 X 0,45

m, 2-pinnate, not reduced basally; pinnae pin-

natifid into up to 26 pairs of dimidiate rhombic

petiolate pinnules, basiscopic margin entire,

thickened, acroscopic margin serrate, glabrous

MAP 211 _—Didymochlaena truncatula

on both surfaces at maturity. Sori 1-6 per pin-

nule, up to 2,5 X 2 mm, borne in a depression;

indusium dark brown with a paler border, en-

tire. Fig. 83: 1.

Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Zaire, Angola, Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Came-

roun, Fernando Po, Sao Tomé, Madagascar and Comoro

Islands; pantropical. In Southern Africa D. truncatula is a:

rare plant usually found as single specimens or in small |

colonies. It is almost entirely confined to moist and heavily

shaded forest habitats along streambanks but has once been

reported from a deep cleft in an equally heavily shaded and

moist habitat. In this region it occurs between altitudes of

1 000 and 1 850 m. Map 211.

Vouchers: Enslin & Schweickerdt s.n. (NU; PRE);

Fisher 945 (BOL; NH; NU; PRE).

FIG. 82.—1, Woodsia montevidensis var. burgessiana, frond, xX 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of pinnule, X c. 9

(Esterhuysen 26037). 2, Hypodematium crenatum, frond, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segments, X c. 6

(Anon. Ss.n.).

II};

Weve

FILICALES

FILICALES 245

3. DRYOPTERIS

Dryopteris Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 20, 551 (1763); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 148

(1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 307 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 69 (1959); Tardieu-Blot

in Fl. Camer. 3: 258 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 220 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L.

Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 89 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 174 (1977). Nom. conserv. Type

species: D. filix-mas (L.) Schott (= Polypodium filix-mas L.).

Rhizome erect or creeping, set with broad, concolorous, entire or subentire rhizome-scales.

Fronds tufted; stipe often with broad to narrow persistent scales; lamina herbaceous, oblong-

lanceolate to broadly deltate, 2-pinnatifid to 4-pinnate, basal pair of pinnae often developed basis-

copically, ultimate segments crenate to serrate, rarely aristate-dentate; veins free. Sori circular with

reniform indusia.

A cosmopolitan genus of about 150 species.

la Fronds 3-dimensional with suberéct pinnae set at an angle of less than 45° to rhachis ...............00.006 2. D. athamantica

lb Fronds 2-dimensional with pinnae set at an angle of more than 45° to rhachis:

2a Stipe and rhachis set with numerous patent dark brown scales ..............c.cccccececeseecuceseesucesensuss 1. D. squamiseta

2b Stipe and rhachis glabrous or set with pale brown to ferrugineous scales:

3a Fronds dimorphic, fertile fronds lanceolate, erect, sterile fronds deltate, subprostrate ............ 4. D. dracomontana

3b Fronds monomorphic, fertile and sterile fronds similar:

4a Fronds thickly coriaceous; soric, 2 naman diameter .....c.igysacescdeceees ces. cessce. des0esigdlesenete 5. D. esterhuyseniae

4b Fronds herbaceous; soric. 1—1,5 mm in diameter:

Sa. Lamina set with scattered*haw-like’seales below .......cyo.secgg alas so one les bee Desmeds Ge been anes 3. D. inaequalis

Sb Lamina glabrous Delow ...§. occ. wots osaasberas

1. Dryopteris squamiseta (Hook.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 813 (1891); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 223 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 440, t. 332 (1983). Type: Fer-

nando Po, Clarence Peak, Mann 380 (K,

holo.!).

Nephrodium squamisetum Hook., Sp. Fil. 4: 140, t. 268

(1858). Aspidium squamisetum (Hook.) Kuhn, Fil. Deck.

24 (1867).

Nephrodium buchananii Bak. in Hook. & Bak., Syn. Fil.

498 (1874). Lastrea buchananii (Bak.) Bedd., Handb.

Ferns Brit. Ind. 255 (1883). Dryopteris buchananii (Bak.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 812 (1891); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

108, t. 20 (1915). Type: Natal, Buchanan s.n. (K, holo.!).

Rhizome suberect, up to 7 mm in dia-

meter, set with narrowly ovate-attenuate,

brown rhizome-scales up to 9 X 1,2 mm.

Fronds tufted, arching; stipe castaneous when

dry, darker basally, set with patent dark brown,

narrowly deltate-attenuate, subentire scales c. 4

mm long; /amina herbaceous, ovate-deltate, c.

550 xX 380 mm, 4-pinnatifid, basal pinnae

oi Maeitom ental. shy, cooks See AR ne See Ae 6. D. callolepis

largest and developed basiscopically; pinnae

attenuate; pinnules unequally oblong-deltate,

very deeply pinnatifid into oblong-rounded

lobes, subentire or shallowly crenate, set below

with minute hair-like and broader clathrate

scales less than 1 mm long, above with scat-

tered narrow clathrate scales; rhachis strami-

neous when dry, set with broad-based dark

brown scales and hair-like multicellular scales.

Sori borne distally on each pinnule; indusium

brown, paler marginally, entire, c. 1 mm in

diameter.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Kenya, Sudan and Fer-

nando Po. Also Madagascar and Mascarene Islands (Chris-

tensen, 1932) and Cameroun (Tardieu-Blot, 1953). D.

squamiseta occurs sporadically on streambanks and marshy

situations in deep shade in forest. In Natal and Transvaal it

occurs at altitudes from 1 350 to 1 850 m, and in eastern

Zimbabwe from 1 700 to 2 300 m elevation. Map 212.

Vouchers: Burrows 1380 (BOL; NBG); Fisher 886

(NH; NU; PRE); Schweickerdt 2432 (BOL; PRE; PRU).

FIG. 83.—1, Didymochlaena truncatula, portion of frond, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of pinnules, x 1,2

(Schelpe 6213). 2, Tectaria gemmifera, pinna, < 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of pinnule, x 1,2 (Schelpe 5460). 3,

Cyrtomium caryotideum var. micropterum, part of frond, x 0,6; 3a, lower surface of fertile pinna, X 1,2 (Schelpe

5802).

FILICALES

MAP 212.—Dryopteris squamiseta

| 2. Dryopteris athamantica (Kunze)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 812 (1891); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 107, t. 19 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 221 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 174

(1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

433, t. 326 (1983). Type: Natal, Port Natal,

Gueinzius s.n. (LZ, holo. f).

Aspidium athamanticum Kunze in Linnaea 18: 123

(1844). Lastrea athamantica (Kunze) T. Moore in J. Bot.,

Lond. 5: 511 (1853). Nephrodium athamanticum (Kunze)

Hook., Sp. Fil. 4: 125, t. 258 (1862).

Lastrea plantii T. Moore in J. Bot., Lond. 5: 227 (1853).

Type: Natal, Mooi River, Plant 313 (BM, holo.!).

Rhizome shortly creeping, c. 15 mm in

diameter, set with ferrugineous, linear-atten-

uate, irregularly lacerate rhizome-scales c. 10

mm long. Fronds tufted, erect, 3-dimensional;

stipe shorter than lamina, light brown to strami-

neous, darker and densely set with scales

basally; /amina thinly coriaceous, ovate-del-

tate, up to 640 X 240 mm, 3-pinnatifid, basal

pinnae usually largest, developed basiscopi-

cally, set below with linear-attenuate scales of

different sizes, above with jointed scales c. 0,3

mm long; pinnae set at an angle of 45-60° to

rhachis; pinnules narrowly and unequally del-

_ tate to oblong-acute, pinnatifid into acutely ser-

rate-dentate ultimate segments, borne at an an-

gle of 45° to costa; secondary rhachises mostly

winged by lamina. Sori in two rows on ultimate

segments; indusium orange, erose, c. 1 mm in

diameter. Fig. 84: 2.

MAP 213.—Dryopteris athamantica

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Lesotho, Natal,

Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia,

Angola, Zaire, Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan, Came-

roun, Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone and Guinea. Usually

found growing in moist depressions or around boulders in

grassland, and sometimes in old antbear holes. In Natal it

occurs at altitudes between | 500 and 1 800 m, and in Zim-

babwe from 1 550 and 2 000 m. Map 213.

Vouchers: Dieterlen 167 (NH; PRE; SAM); Fisher 940

(NH; NU; PRE); Schlechter 6556 (BM; GRA; PRE).

3. Dryopteris inaequalis (Schlechitd.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 813 (1891); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 106, t. 18 (1915); Schelpe, F.Z.

Pterid.: 221 (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns

Sthn Afr. 435, t. 327 (1983). Type: Cape of

Good Hope, Mundt & Maire s.n. (B, lecto.!—

BOL, photo.!).

Aspidium inaequale Schlechtd., Adumbr. 23, t. 12

(1825). Lastrea inaequalis (Schlechtd.) Presl, Tent. Pterid.

77 (1836), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4,5:

77 (1837). Nephrodium inaequale (Schlechtd.) Hook., Sp.

Fil. 4: 125 (1862), non Schrad. (1824). Polystichum inae-

quale (Schlechtd.) Keys., Polypod. Cyath. Herb. Bunge 44

(1873).

Lastrea pentagona T. Moore in Hook., J. Bot., Lond. 5:

227 (1853). Type: Natal, Umvoti, Plant 325 (K, holo. !—

BOL, photo.!).

Nephrodium pentheri Krasser in Annlin naturf. Mus.

Wien 15: 5, t. 2 figs 1-5 (1900). Dryopteris pentheri (Kras-

ser) C.Chr., Ind. Fil. 284 (1905). Type: Orange Free State,

Van Reenens Pass, Krook s.n. (W, holo.'!—-BOL, photo.!).

Dryopteris elongata sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 104,

t. 17 (1915). Type from Madeira and the Azores.

FIG. 84.—1, Ctenitis lanuginosa, lower pinna, < 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of ultimate segment, X c. 3,6; 1b,

plan of frond (Schelpe 5375). 2, Dryopteris athamantica, part of frond, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of pinnule, X c.

2,4 (Mitchell 36).

248

Aspidium inaequale var. montanum sensu W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns. Sthn Afr. 437, t. 328 (1983).

Rhizome creeping, up to 35 mm in dia-

meter, set with lanceolate, attenuate, ferrugi-

neous rhizome-scales up to 20 mm long, with

occasional denticulate or lacerate marginal out-

growths. Fronds arching; stipe stramineous,

scaly, up to 0,8 m long; lamina thinly to firmly

herbaceous, ovate to broadly deltate, up to 1 x

0,4 m, 3—4-pinnatifid, basal pinnae reduced or

largest, developed basiscopically; pinnae over-

lapping or spaced, oblong to somewhat deltate

or ovate-acuminate; pinnules oblong or some-

what deltate, pinnatifid into oblong, crenate-

serrate or pinnatifid, obtuse to truncate lobes,

glabrous above, set below with scattered min-

ute, multicellular, hair-like brown scales c. 1

mm long along veins, graduating larger towards

rhachis; rhachis stramineous to pale brown, set

with pale brown scales. Indusium membranous

to somewhat carnose, subentire, c. 1 mm in dia-

meter.

D. inaequalis is distributed from Table Mountain in

south-western Cape Province, through Transkei, Lesotho,

Natal and Orange Free State to Swaziland, Transvaal, Zim-

babwe and Mozambique, as well as tropical Africa. It is

found in moist, shaded habitats, usually in forest. Map 214.

Vouchers: Dieterlen 283 (BOL; PRE); Esterhuysen

26035 (BOL; NBG; PRE); Roux 112 (BOL; NBG); 558

(BOL; NBG); Schelpe 6010 (BOL; PRE).

It has long been realised (Sim, 1915; Jacobsen 1978,

1983) that D. inaequalis is very probably a species complex

consisting of two or more taxa which are at present insepa-

rable due to a continuum of morphological variation. The

most obvious identifiable extremes in the range of frond

variation are the forms with reduced basal pinnae (D. inae-

qualis sensu Sim) and the forms with enlarged basal pinnae

(D. elongata sensu Sim). The former is distributed from

MAP 214.—Dryopteris inaequalis

FILICALES

south-western Cape Province to Natal, while the latter oc-

curs throughout the range of the complex and could possibly

constitute more than one taxon. Unpublished cytological

work carried out on the complex in Southern Africa (Gibby,

unpubl.) has indicated that chromosome counts are unlikely

to be of any assistance in unravelling the D. inaequalis

complex. Unpublished scanning electron microscopy work

carried out on the spores of various elements in the complex

indicates disjunctions which have yet to be convincingly

associated with morphology. Until such time as the differ-

ent elements can be satisfactorily separated on characters.

other than frond shape, the complex is treated here as

Dryopteris inaequalis (Schlechtd.) Kuntze sens. lat.

4. Dryopteris dracomontana Schelpe &

N.C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 147

(1982). Type: Natal, Drakensberg, Giant’s

Castle, Langalibalele’s Pass, Winter 4 (BOL,

holo.!; K!).

Aspidium inaequale var. montanum Kunze in Linnaea 10:

549 (1836). Dryopteris pentheri var. montana (Kunze)

Alston in Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 30: 14 (1956). Syn-

types: Cape Province, Sneeuwbergen and Witbergen,

Drége s.n. (LZt; BM, isosyn.!).

Rhizome creeping, c. 10 mm in diameter,

set with brown to ferrugineous, narrowly lan-

ceolate, attenuate, somewhat dentate or fim-

briate rhizome-scales up to 17 mm long. Fronds

dimorphic: sterile fronds erect, somewhat del-

tate, shorter and more compact than fertile

fronds, fertile fronds prostrate, lanceolate, up to

300 X 80 mm, pinnules usually spaced; stipe

Shorter than lamina, darker basally, scaly; lam-

ina thinly carnose-coriaceous, 3-pinnatifid,

basal pinnae largest or hardly reduced, a little

developed at basiscopic margin; pinnae oblong,

acute, pinnules shallowly to deeply pinnatifid,

lobes rounded, bluntly crenate-dentate, gla-

brous above, with scattered hairs c. 0,5 mm

long below; rhachis and secondary rhachises

set with pale brown, subentire, attenuate scales

of different sizes. Jndusium membranous,

somewhat erose, c. | mm in diameter.

Cape Province, Natal, Lesotho and Orange Free State.

On damp slopes at high altitudes on the Drakensberg,

2 000-3 000 m. Map 215.

Vouchers: Davis 216 (NU); Dyke 5486 (NBG); Ester-

huysen 20284 (BOL); Galpin 6937 (BOL); 6938 (BOL).

5. Dryopteris esterhuyseniae Schelpe &

N.C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 148

(1982). Type: Natal, Drakensberg, MnWeni

area below Rockeries, 2 300—2 700 m, Ester-

huysen 21663 (BOL, holo.!; BM!; NBG!).

Rhizome creeping, up to 20 mm in diame-

ter, set with lanceolate, attenuate, irregularly

dentate rhizome-scales c. 7 mm long. Fronds

FILICALES

q | “|

pal Sa |

Cero

Bsa 6 Sac.

6° 28° 30° 32° ue 36°

MAP 216.—Dryopteris esterhuyseniae

erect to arching; stipe c. half lamina length,

stramineous to reddish when dry, darker ba-

sally, scaly; lamina thickly carnose-coriaceous,

ovate-lanceolate or somewhat deltate, c. 300 x

100 mm, 3-pinnatifid, basal pinnae hardly re-

duced, only slightly developed basiscopically;

pinnae oblong-acute; pinnules unequally del-

tate, pinnatifid into rounded, usually overlap-

ping, irregularly crenate-dentate lobes, upper

surface glabrous, lower surface set with occa-

sional multicellular hair-like scales c. 0,5 mm

long; rhachis and secondary rhachises set with

irregularly-sized scales. Indusium thickly mem-

branous, ferrugineous, subentire to erose, c. 2

mm in diameter, often with central processes.

Confined to the Natal Drakensberg at high altitudes.

Map 216.

a Davis 178 (NU); Esterhuysen 26040 (BOL;

249

6. Dryopteris callolepis C. Chr. in No-

tizbl. bot. Gart. Mus. Berl. 9: 177 (1924);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 223 (1970); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 439, t. 330 (1983).

Type: Kenya, Aberdare Mountains, R. E..&

T.C.E. Fries 2554 (BM, holo.!).

Rhizome shortly creeping, c. 8 mm in dia-

meter, set with ferrugineous, lanceolate-atten-

uate rhizome-scales c. 9 X 1,5 mm. Fronds

tufted, arching; stipe shorter than lamina, stra-

mineous, darkened basally, set with reddish,

concolorous or faintly striped, ovate-attenuate

scales; lamina herbaceous, ovate-deltate, up to

c. 700 X 340 mm, 3-pinnatifid, basal pinnae

usually slightly reduced, conspicuously devel-

oped basiscopically; pinnae narrowly and un-.

equally deltate; pinnules narrowly deltate or ob-

long, deeply pinnatifid into oblong, deeply la-

cerate-dentate lobes, upper surface set with oc-

casional hair-like scales, lower surface set with

irregularly shaped, usually narrow tapering,

clathrate scales, often the scale or scale tip con-

sisting of a single row of cells; secondary rha-

chises narrowly winged by lamina. Sori borne

within ultimate segments; indusium orange, c.

1—1,5 mm in diameter. Fig. 85.

South-western and southern Cape Province, Zim-

babwe, Zaire, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya. On rocky

‘mountain slopes, in shady gullies and below cliffs, c.

1 300-2 300 m in Cape Province. Map 217.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 26795 (B; BM; BOL; MO;

} PRE); 27613 (BM; BOL; MO; NBG).

D. callolepis superficially resembles D. kilemensis

(Kuhn) Kuntze which is distributed from Zimbabwe north-

wards into tropical East Africa. That species can be distin-

guished by its broadly deltate lamina and by the broadly

ovate scales on the costae.

PREECE

tt tL eee

6° 26° 30° 37° x» se

MAP 217.—Dryopteris callolepis

FILICALES

250

FIG. 85.—1, Dryopteris callolepis, frond, x 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of pinnule, X 1,8 (Esterhuysen 27033).

FILICALES 251

4. CYRTOMIUM

Cyrtomium Pres/, Tent. Pterid. 86, t. 2 fig. 26 (1836). Type species: C. falcatum (L.f.) Presl

(= Polypodium falcatum L.f.).

Rhizome short, ascending to erect, densely scaly with broad, entire to lacerate rhizome-

scales. Fronds firmly herbaceous, lamina imparipinnate or with pinnatifid apex; pinnae almost

always acuminate, often falcate and auricled on acroscopic side basally, usually sharply dentate;

veins anastomosing. Sori dorsal or sometimes terminal on veins; indusium peltate, persistent or

caducous or apparently absent. Spores monolete, tuberculate.

A temperate and tropical genus of about 25 species, until recently treated as Phanerophlebia Presl (Tryon & Tryon,

1982).

Cyrtomium caryotideum (Wall. ex

Hook. & Grev.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 86, t. 2

fig. 26 (1836). Type: India (?Nepal), Wallich

s.n. (K, holo.).

Var. micropterum (Kunze) C. Chr., Ind.

Fil., Suppl. 3: 66 (1934), as micropteron.

?Iconotype: Presl, Tent. Pterid. t. 2 fig. 26

(1836)!.

Aspidium anomophyllum forma micropteris Kunze in

Linnaea 24: 278 (1851), as microptera. Cyrtomium falca-

tum var. micropteris (Kunze) C. Chr. in Am. Fern J. 20: 52

(1930). Cyrtomium micropterum (Kunze) Ching, Icon. Fil.

Sin. 3: t. 127 (1935). Phanerophlebia caryotidea var. mi-

cropteris (Kunze) Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 326

tons} W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 455, t. 344

Cyrtomium falcatum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

121, t--324(1915).

MAP 218.—Cyrtomium caryotideum var micropterum

Rhizome set with appressed, ovate-lanceo- scales, especially at base of costa; rhachis stra-

late, very dark brown rhizome-scales c. 8 mm

long with fimbriate margins. Fronds tufted,

broadly ovate, pinnate, with a bilobed or some-

times trilobed terminal segment; stipe light

brown to stramineous, set with narrow, some-

what fimbriate scales and in lower half to two-

thirds with dark brown, ovate or ovate-lanceo-

late scales sometimes with a darker central

stripe; pinnae ovate-acuminate, base cuneate-

truncate, broader acroscopically, margin ser-

rate, lower surface set with occasional hair-like

mineous, set with scales of different sizes. Sori

1-1,5 mm in diameter, with paraphyses; indu-

sia round, pale, margin erose, caducous. Fig.

83: 3.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Lesotho, Natal,

Transvaal, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Madagas-

car. Also Cameroun (Tardieu-Blot, 1964). In shade on

forest floors and streambanks, c. 1 200-1 500 m. Map 218.

Vouchers: Dieterlen 826 (PRE; SAM); Schelpe 6560

(B; BOL; C; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S); Schlechter 6636

(GRA; K; PRE); Smook 567 (BOL; NU).

5. POLYSTICHUM

Polystichum Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 31, 69 (1799); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 14 (1908);

Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 151 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 318 (1958); Alston in

F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 70 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 256 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 226 (1970). Type species: P. lonchitis (L.) Roth (= Polypodium lonchitis L.).

Rhizome erect to creeping, densely set with entire to variously lacerate pale to very dark

brown rhizome-scales of differing shapes and sizes. Fronds tufted; stipes with large, persistent,

brown to black scales basally; lamina narrowly elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, herbaceous to coria-

ceous, pinnate to 4-pinnatifid, lower pinnae not basiscopically developed, ultimate segments

crenate to aristate-dentate; veins free. Sori circular with peltate indusium, rarely exindusiate.

i VJ

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FILICALES

Z53

A cosmopolitan, mainly temperate, genus of over 200 species.

a: LLainina pinnate) 253 ooh Vac ieua cin. tar a teak,

1b Lamina 2-pinnate or more divided:

2a Rhachis scales suffused with pigment, appearing black..

2b Rhachis scales pale brown or ferrugineous:

DS phd x) PN cca ed yh Ja 5 MEME peed ct aes sn ee le 1. P. macleae

pt teat. Ne shania ave ie ah a dakle. coho 4. P. luctuosum

3a Rhizome erect; basal basiscopic arista of each pinnule folded over upper surface of lamina:

4a Fronds narrowly ovate-lanceolate, thinly herbaceous, stipe and rhachis set with numerous ovate scales, aris-

tae el arnt FO ss AS ey daeehiacrcde dansenen eos

Pee Aan IW ate Ah ead Sele ll ees Rea Bae arto cn boa 7. P. alticola :

4b Fronds ovate-truncate, herbaceous, stipe and rhachis not set with numerous ovate scales, aristae c. 0,5 mm

To) aa eae ee ee Pe nonth Geoas teeta ara, WAIN aye ar as

BI “SEE oa es eer sare Rah ee An TERE REE A 5. P. transvaalense

3b Rhizome creeping; all aristae on each pinnule directed away from lamina:

5a Lamina thickly coriaceous; indusia c. 1-2 mm in diameter, usually with central processes, nitid ..............

eCeoeeeeeeeeceececeeecesneereeeeeoeeeeoeeeeeHesFeLEeLEeFEeDeOeE EH EEO EE HOE

ern a. Baa Ca id niet ae, et ale he 8. P. dracomontanum

5b Lamina thinly coriaceous or herbaceous; indusium absent or c. 1 mm in diameter, usually without cen-

tral processes, matt:

6a Each pinnule subtended below by an ovate-attenuate bullate scale, rhachis and lamina scales pale brown:

7a Indusium evanescent..... ESP ee Biase re ots, VE

TO INGUSIANT PEISISICN ss ciwencceaedenpatessacerns

Sod Thais RC Pca Neti ene, rr TR rae PEC N V I 2. P. transkeiense

Ieee MARR RRL AR, Reel anr MR le Reo Sosadlreinelhe id 3. P. pungens

6b Pinnules not subtended by ovate-attenuate bullate scales, rhachis and lamina scales ferrugineous

eeoeeeeceececeeeeereeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeEeHeLoeeHeeeLeseLreoeeeEeoeeE

1. Polystichum macleae (Bak.) Diels in

Pflanzenfam. 1, 4: 190 (1899), as macleanii;

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 120, t. 31 (1915); W.

B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 443, t. 334

(1983). Type: Transvaal, Drakensberg, near

Pilgrim’s Rest Gold Fields, McLea 34 sub Bo-

lus 3030 (K, lecto.!; BOL!; SAM?).

Aspidium macleae Bak. in Hook., Ic. Pl. t. 1654

(1886), as macleaii.

Rhizome creeping. Fronds arching; stipe

pale brown to stramineous, darker basally, set

with scales more numerous basally; lamina

thinly coriaceous, broadly lanceolate, pinnate,

the basal pinnae only slightly reduced, rarely 2-

pinnate; pinnae broadly linear, acuminate, up to

170 X 25 mm, developed acroscopically at base

(this lobe sometimes completely separate in

lower pinnae, up to 28 mm long), adnate

acroscopically or shortly petiolate, outline of

base a right angle, margin serrate-dentate,

lower surface set with somewhat fimbriate, pale

to ferrugineous scales, especially along costa,

upper surface set with occasional hair-like

scales; rhachis stramineous, set with ferrugi-

neous, linear attenuate scales with very fim-

briate bases; costae sulcate ventrally. Sori c.

1,5 mm in diameter; indusium brown, erose, c.

0,4 mm in diameter. Fig. 86.

Endemic to Transvaal and Swaziland. In shade of for-

est undergrowth or around exposed boulder bases and on

streambanks, c. 1 800 m altitude. Map 219.

Vouchers: Schelpe 1641 (BM; BOL; NH; NU; K):

Schiitte 4 (BM; BOL); Schweickerdt 4305 (BOL; PRE).

eeoeeeereeceeeeeeoeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeHeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeEseLeLEeLeE

NBG; PRE).

6. P. monticola

2. Polystichum transkeiense W. B. G.

Jacobsen in Jl S. Afr. Bot. 44: 169 (1978);

Ferns Sthn Afr. 445, t. 337 (1983). Type:

Transkei, Port St Johns, Jacobsen 4301 (PRE,

holo.!—BOL, photo. !).

Rhizome long-creeping, c. 5 mm in dia-

meter, set with subulate-acuminate, minutely

‘lacerate-denticulate, brown rhizome-scales c.

15 X 3 mm. Fronds closely to widely spaced,

arching; stipe flexuose, shorter or longer than

lamina, subglabrous at maturity except for

scales basally; lamina herbaceous, ovate, up to

680 xX 300 mm, 3—4-pinnatifid, basal pinnae

not or slightly reduced; pinnae ovate-oblong

acuminate; pinnules not falcate, aristate or

elongate and pinnatifid, glabrous ventrally,

lower surface set with minute, bullate, attenuate

scales and each pinnule subtended by a larger:

bullate scale; venation apparent; rhachis and

secondary rhachises brown to stramineous, set

with ovate-attenuate bullate scales, more nu-

merous at junctions with pinnae and pinnules.

Sori c. 1 mm in diameter; indusia minute, eva-,

nescent at an early stage. )

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal and Swazi-

land. Shaded forest floors and ravines, from sea level in’

Transkei toc. 1 500 m in Swaziland. Map 220.

Vouchers: McLoughlin 788 (BOL; PRE): Schelpe 6163

(BOL); 6169 (BOL); Strey 8869 (NU; PRE); Taylor 5227

(NBG; PRE; STE); Van Jaarsveld & Jacobs 5851 (BOL;

FIG. 86.—1, Polystichum macleae, frond, X 0,6; la, detail of lower surface of portion of pinna, X 1,8 (McLea sub

Bolus 3030).

MAP 219.—Polystichum macleae

3. Polystichum pungens (Kaulf.) Presl,

Tent. Pterid. 83 (1836). Type: Cape Province,

Cape Peninsula, Chamisso s.n. (LE, holo.—

BOL, photo.!).

Aspidium pungens Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 242 (1824).

Dryopteris pungens (Kaulf.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 813

(1891).

Polystichum aculeatum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

115, t. 26 (1915).

Polystichum lucidum sensu Schelpe in J1 S. Afr. Bot. 35:

1 (1969); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 448, t. 339

(1983).

Rhizome creeping, c. 8 mm in diameter,

set with lanceolate, attenuate, denticulate,

ferrugineous rhizome-scales c. 10 X 1,5 mm.

Fronds tufted or closely spaced, arching; stipe

somewhat flexuose, shorter or longer than

lamina, subglabrous at maturity except for

scales basally; lamina herbaceous, broadly

ovate, c. 400 <X 260 mm, basal pinnae some-

what reduced; pinnae oblong-acute, basal

acroscopic pinnule largest; pinnules not falcate,

3- or 5-serrate, aristae c. 0,5 mm long, or pin-

nules elongate and pinnatifid, upper surface

glabrous, lower surface set with pale brown,

hair-like or bullate, lacerate scales, graduating

larger towards the bullate attenuate scale sub-

tending each pinnule; venation apparent; rha-

chis and secondary rhachises set with ovate-

attenuate, lacerate, bullate, brown scales. Sori

c. 1 mm in diameter; indusium membranous,

sometimes thickened, entire to erose, c. 1 mm

in diameter.

MAP 220.—Polystichum transkeiense

Cape Province, Transkei and Natal; rare in Swaziland

and Transvaal. On shaded forest floors and ravines, c. 500

to 1 000 m altitude. Map 221.

Vouchers: Braithwaite 245 (BOL); Esterhuysen 26564

(BOL); 26674 (BOL); 27060 (BOL); Schelpe 7961 (BOL).

The type of Asplenium lucidum is interpreted by Mor-

ton (Photographs of Fern Specimens distributed by the U.S.

National Museum no. 3865) as Asplenium adiantum-

nigrum: “There are two specimens in Geneva both collected

by Burmann and both labelled A. lucidum. ‘This one ..’ (a

photograph of Asplenium adiantum-nigrum) ‘..agrees with

the description best ..” The combination Polystichum luci-

dum accepted by Becherer has, however, continued up to

the present day applied to the forest habitat Polystichum

found in the Cape Province. The other available name:

Polystichum pungens, was applied to the high altitude rocky

habitat Polystichum. An examination of the type of Aspi-

dium pungens has revealed that the name applies to the

forest fern. This has resulted in a change of application of

the epithet ‘pungens’ and a new name for the rocky-habitat,

ferrugineous-scaled species. Photographs of the relevant

type specimens are lodged in the Bolus Herbarium.

MAP 221 .—Polystichum pungens

FILICALES

4. Polystichum luctuosum (Kunze) T.

Moore, Ind. Fil. 95 (1858); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.

edn 2: 117, t. 28 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pte-

rid.: 228, t. 64C (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 444, t. 335 (1983). Syntypes:

Cape Province, Katriviersberg, Ecklon s.n.; at

the source of the Katrivier near Philipstown,

Ecklon s.n. (LZT).

Aspidium luctuosum Kunze in Linnaea 10: 548 (1836).

Rhizome erect to suberect, c. 7 mm in

diameter, set with lanceolate, acuminate, sub-

entire, dark brown rhizome-scales c. 10 X 2,5

mm, the surface near the apices with hair-like

protrusions. Fronds tufted, arching; stipe pale

brown, set with very narrow, almost black

scales, broader basally and denticulate, becom-

ing subglabrous with age; lamina firmly herba-

ceous, Ovate-attenuate, truncate, c. 380 x 115

mm, 2-pinnatifid, basal pinnae not or slightly

reduced; pinnae curved, narrowly ovate-atten-

uate, basal acroscopic pinnule largest, pinnati-

fid; pinnules otherwise usually simple,

crowded, lunate, aristae less than 0,5 mm long,

subequal, mostly single, upper surface subgla-

brous, lower surface set with multicellular hair-

like scales up to 1 mm long; rhachis set with

thick narrow scales, fimbriate basally, dark

brown to almost black, c. 5 mm long. Indusium

ferrugineous with an atrocastaneous centre and

pale undulate margins, subentire, c. 1 mm in

diameter. Fig. 87.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho,

Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. The

species P. tsussimense J. Sm. in Japan is thought to be

conspecific with P. luctuosum. In shady kloofs amongst

boulders and on forest floors, c. 1 165 to 2 000 m altitude.

Map 222.

Vouchers: Burrows 1342 (BOL); Compton 25822

Gibbs Russell

(NBG; PRE); Edwards 2685 (NU; PRE);

3832 (PRE); Moll 905 (BOL; NU; PRE).

MAP 222.—Polystichum luctuosum

255

5. Polystichum transvaalense N.C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 146 (1982).

Type: Transvaal, Pietersburg, Woodbush For-

est Reserve, Bredenkamp & Van Vuuren 450

(BOL, holo.!; NBG!; PRE!).

Polystichum _ setiferum var. fuscopaleaceum sensu

Schelpe, F.Z. Pterid.: 226, t. 64B (1970); sensu W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 447, t. 338 (1983).

Rhizome erect, c. 7 mm in diameter, set

with somewhat ferrugineous, linear-attenuate,

irregularly fimbriate-dentate rhizome-scales c.

12 X 1 mm. Fronds arching, forming a shuttle-

cock-shaped plant; stipe shorter than lamina,

lower half set with ovate-attenuate, minutely

lacerate-fimbriate, brown to castaneous, often

centrally darkened and thickened scales c. 15

mm long; /amina herbaceous, narrowly ovate-

attenuate, up to 650 X 300 mm, mostly 2-pin-

nate, truncate basally; pinnae falcate attenuate;

pinnules about twice as long as broad, auricu-

late, usually overlapping, aristae 0,5 mm long,

first basiscopic arista of each pinnule folded

Over upper surface, upper surface subglabrous,

lower surface set with very narrowly linear

twisted pale scales c. 1 mm long; venation ap-

parent; rhachis and secondary rhachises set

with narrow, very lacerate-fimbriate-based, fer-

rugineous, matted and appressed scales. Indu-

sium fimbriate-erose, pale brown to ferrugi-

neous, c. | mm in diameter.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Orange Free

_ State and Transvaal, as well as Zimbabwe and possibly

further into tropical East Africa. Along streambanks in for-

est, c. 1 600 m altitude. Map 223.

Vouchers: McLoughlin 95 (PRE); Phelan 398 (NU);

Pott 4848 (BOL; PRE); Roux 937 (NBG); Van Jaarsveld

6093A (BOL; NGB).

12° we 16°

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: te

10° (hig

MAP 223.—Polystichum transvaalense

256

: \ Re eS x

_agSSUU ERE! es A RUS AS

pie

FILICALES

6. Polystichum monticola N.C. Anthony

& Schelpe in Bothalia 15:554 (1985). Type:

Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, Devil’s Peak,

Dark Gorge, Esterhuysen 26685 (BOL, holo.',

B!; C!; CHR!; G!; GH!; K!; M!; MO!; NBG!;

NU!; P!; PR!; PRE!; S!; STE!).

-Polystichum pungens sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

116; t.. 27-1915),

Rhizome creeping, c. 15 mm in diameter,

with persistent stipe bases and set with lanceo-

late, ferrugineous, concolorous or castaneous-

‘striped, shortly laciniate rhizome-scales c. 10

mm long. Fronds tufted at apex of rhizome,

arching; stipe pale brown, thickly set with

‘brown or more usually ferrugineous, broad and.

narrow scales, becoming subglabrous with age

except for a tuft of scales basally; lamina herba-

ceous to thinly coriaceous, ovate-truncate, c.

350 X 140 mm, 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid, basal

pinnae only slightly reduced; pinnae very nar-

rowly ovate, attenuate; pinnules appearing lu-

nate, aristae not prominent, upper surface gla-

brous, lower surface set with occasional hair-

like scales; venation somewhat apparent; rha-

chis and secondary rhachises set with numer-

ous laciniate-based, ferrugineous scales. Sori c.

1-1,5 mm in diameter; indusium membranous,

erose, c. 1 mm in diameter.

Cape Province, Transkei, Lesotho, Natal and Orange

Free State. On rocky mountain slopes in shaded habitats, c.

1—2 000 m altitude. Map 224.

Vouchers: Dieterlen 695 (PRE; SAM; STE); Esterhuy-

sen 26698 (B; BOL; C; G; GH; K; M; MO; NBG; NU; PR;

‘PRE; STE); 35645 (B; BOL; C; G; GH; K; M; MO; NBG;

NU; P; PRE; S; STE); Hilliard & Burtt 11795 (NU; PRE);

Schlechter 6932 (NBG; PRE).

MAP 224.—Polystichum monticola

26034).

257

7. Polystichum alticola Schelpe & N. C.

Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 144 (1982).

Type: Cape Province, Ladismith, Swartberg,

Toverkop, Esterhuysen 26699 (BOL, holo.!;

C!; G!; GH!; K!; M!; MO!; NBG!; P!; PRE!).

Polystichum aculeatum var. stenophyllon Bonap., Not.

Ptérid. 14: 215 (1923). Type: Kenya, Mt Kenya, Allaud

241 (P, holo.).

Rhizome erect, c. 5 mm in diameter, set

with ferrugineous, linear-attenuate, minutely

serrulate rhizome-scales c. 7 mm long. Fronds

annual, arching; stipe shorter than lamina,

darker basally, set with ovate to narrowly

Ovate-attenuate, pale brown and castaneous-

striped, minutely lacerate scales c. 10 X 5 mm

and smaller different-sized scales; lamina softly

herbaceous, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, up to

380 X 115 mm, basal pinnae reduced; pinnae

narrowly and unequally deltate, acute; pinnules

with aristae c. 1 mm long, upper surface subg-

labrous, lower surface set with very narrow

twisted pale scales c. 1-3 mm long; venation

somewhat obscure ventrally; rhachis set below

with spreading, nitid, stramineous to ferrugi-

neous, fimbriate-based scales c. 5 mm long,

above with very narrow, somewhat ferrugi-

neous scales c. 3 mm long; secondary rhachises

set with smaller similar scales. ndusium ferru-

gineous, fimbriate-erose, c. 1 mm in diameter.

Fig. 88: 1.

Distributed at high altitudes from the mountains of

south-western Cape Province to the Natal and Transvaal

Drakensberg. Also Kenya and Uganda. In damp to marshy,

usually rock-sheltered localities at 1 300-3 200 m altitude.

Map 225.

MAP 225.—Polystichum alticola

FIG. 87.—1, Polystichum luctuosum, part of plant, < 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of pinnule, x 3,6 (Esterhuysen

ane FILICALES

[sora

a s wa’

LIL LP

[hth 2 4 a

\Ne--

ey.

WY Va é

WAY, NY, WV

WHY Ye

WS SAAN ZN yy

AU RON 2 NN, \7

) ny RE LF §

Las < Re Poo 2 \ rie Vy.

See We

LEE IRENE MT OF

“is Se NR AR OPS

2. ew ews

SN We par

aN ee 1) V \} Vy, wy

oo rae Je A ‘) (ts YO ES N

Rik AP, Re Lad SPRVR= ie

ATER NY We RA,

RY CNR

“AI VW

SA VVURQERES

y, sc |

SO Res

IKE OS

SHUR

FILICALES

Vouchers: Compton 21334 (NBG); Devenish 195

(PRE); Galpin 6939 (BOL; PRE; SAM); Hilliard & Burtt

13714 (E; NU).

8. Polystichum dracomontanum Schelpe

& N.C. Anthony in Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 145

(1982). Type: Natal, Bergville, Drakensberg,

above Singati Cave, Esterhuysen 35646 (BOL,

holo.!; B!; C!; GH!; K!; M!; MO!; NU!; P!;

PRE! S!).

Rhizome creeping, c. 6 mm in diameter,

set with linear, brown, subentire rhizome-

scales, forming tufted erect plants at intervals.

Fronds rigidly erect; stipe darkened towards

base, set with linear, ferrugineous scales c. 25

mm long basally and, above them, atrocasta-

neous, ovate-lanceolate scales with pale mar-

gins; lamina thickly coriaceous, broadly lan-

ceolate, c. 340 X 140 mm, 2-pinnate, rarely 3-

pinnatifid, acute apically, truncate basally; pin-

nae sharply serrate or biserrate with acuminate

apices; pinnules falcate, auriculate, with blunt

or sharp aristae, subglabrous above, set with

narrow scales along veins below becoming gla-

brous with age; venation obscure; rhachis and

secondary rhachises set with sublinear scales in

sulca and with pale, ovate-attenuate, very fim-

briate scales below, becoming glabrous with

age. Indusium brown, nitid, erose to subentire,

usually with central processes, c. 1-2 mm in

250

Confined to the Natal Drakensberg, between 1 600 and

3 000 m altitude. Forming large colonies on open slopes.

Map 226.

Vouchers: Edwards 2145 (NU; PRE); Esterhuysen

15486 (BOL; MO; NBG; PRE); 35644 (B; BOL; C; CHR;

GH; K; M; MO; NBG; P; PRE; S); Malan 7 (BOL; NBG).

The occurrence of hybridisation is well known in the

genus (Wagner, 1973) and the species of Southern Africa

are no exception. All have been found to be involved in the

formation of putative hybrids. Hybrids are particularly com-

mon in the Drakensberg area where a number of the distri-

bution ranges overlap.

diameter. Fig. 88: 2.

MAP 226.—Polystichum dracomontanum

6. ARACHNIODES

Arachniodes Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 2: 241 (1828); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 228 (1970). Type

species: A. aspidioides Blume.

Rhizome suberect to creeping. Fronds tufted or spaced; stipe with brown or ferrugineous

scales basally; lamina broadly deltate to pentagonal, herbaceous to coriaceous, lower pinnae much

developed basiscopically (in African species), much dissected, ultimate segments dentate-aristate

(in African species); veins free; rhachis with ridges on the ventral surface not continuous with leaf

margin. Sori circular with reniform indusia.

se A genus of about 50 species mostly in the Himalayas and China, others in Australia and America and one species in

rica.

Arachniodes foliosa (C. Chr.) Schelpe in

Bolm Soc. broteriana, sér. 2, 41: 203 (1967); in

F.Z. Pterid.: 228, t. 65 (1970); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 450, t. 340 (1983). Type:

Kenya, Aberdare Mountains, Kinangop, Allaud

255 (BM, holo.!).

Dryopteris foliosa C. Chr. in Dansk bot. Ark. 9: 61

(1937).

Polystichum aristatum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

119, t. 30 (1915).

Rhizome creeping, up to 7 mm in dia-

meter, set with brown, linear-attenuate, entire

rhizome-scales up to 6 mm long. Fronds

spaced, arching, firmly herbaceous; stipe stra-

mineous, densely scaly basally, up to 370 mm

FIG. 88.—1, Polystichum alticola, part of plant, x 0,6; 2a, detail of lower surface of pinnule, X 8,4 (Bowmaker 23).

2, Polystichum dracomontanum, part of plant, x 0,6 (Esterhuysen 15486); 2a, rhizome, X 0,6 (Esterhuysen 26039); 2b,

detail of lower surface of pinnule, x 6,9 (Esterhuysen 15486).

FILICALES

260

Oe or

SY OAR

SSE

Th)

Ras

FILICALES | 261

long; lamina broadly ovate-deltate, up to 400 x Vouchers: Adams 164 (NU); Schelpe 6053 (B; BOL;

pinnatifid above, basal pinnae largest and much

developed basiscopically; upper pinnae nar-

rowly lanceolate-attenuate; basal pinnae un-

equally and broadly ovate-deltate, up to 190

mm broad, ultimate pinnatifid segments nar-

rowly rhombic and strongly aristate-dentate,

glabrous except for hair-pointed ovate-lanceo-

late scales along costae and costules, and

smaller hair-like scales scattered along veins;

rhachis stramineous, set with scattered scales.

Sori up to 1 mm in diameter; indusium entire,

minutely papillose. Fig. 89.

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Transvaal,

Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. A. foliosa ap-

‘pears to be restricted to escarpment forests in Southern

Africa where it occurs sporadically in deep shade in conti-

nually moist localities along forest streambanks. In eastern

Cape Province it occurs at c. 1 000-1 300 m, in eastern -

Transvaal at c. 1 650 m, and in eastern Zimbabwe at 2 000 ; .

m. Map 227. MAP 227.—Arachniodes foliosa

7. RUMOHRA

Rumohra Raddi, Opusc. scient. Bologn. 3: 290 t. 12, 1 (1819); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1:

42 (1958). Type species: R. aspidioides Raddi (=R. adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Ching).

Rhizome usually long-creeping, sometimes short and ascending, set with entire or subentire

rhizome-scales. Lamina deltoid, 3-pinnatifid or more divided; ultimate pinnules usually rhomboid

and aristate; veins free. Sori dorsal or subterminal on veins; indusium peltate or orbicular-reniform.

Spores with a variously verrucose perispore, rarely smooth.

A genus of about 50 species, mostly Asiatic.

Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst.)

Ching in Sinensia 5: 70 (1934); W. B. G. Ja-

cobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 457, t. 44, 345 (1983).

ree New Zealand, Forster s.n. (BM, holo.!;

UPS!).

Polypodium adiantiforme G. Forst., Prodr. 82 (1786).

Polystichum adiantiforme (G. Forst.) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 220

(1875); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 118, t. 29 (1915). Dryop-

os adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, 2: 378

(1898).

Aspidium capense Willd. in Sp. Pl. edn 4,5: 267 (1810),

non Swartz (1801). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Herb. Will-

denow no. 19803/1 (B, holo.!).

Rhizome creeping, c. 8 mm in diameter,

set with membranous, reddish brown, acumi-

nate, erose rhizome-scales c. 8 X 3,5 mm.

Fronds spaced, coriaceous; stipe brown, sulcate MAP 228.—Rumohra adiantiformis

FIG. 89.—1, Arachniodes foliosa, part of frond, x 0,6 (Jacobsen 4427); 1a, detail of lower surface of pinnule, X 6.

FILICALES

262

Gy Be

oe Ke

ee Se Ap AAR Cir

.—1, Rumohra adiantiformis, frond, < 0,6; 1a, detail of lower surface of ultimate segment, X 3,6 (Schelpe

FIG. 90

4397).

FILICALES

ventrally, set with light brown scales, becoming

glabrous with age; lamina pentagonal, 3-pin-

nate to 4-pinnatifid, basal pinnae largest and

greatly developed basiscopically; pinnules

ovate-deltate, leading edge wider and first seg-

ment more deeply incised; ultimate segments

ovate or oblong, obtuse, margin crenate-den-

tate, upper surface glabrous, lower surface set

with occasional scales on veins. Soric. 2 mm in

diameter; indusium peltate. Fig. 90.

263

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mauri-

tius, Réunion, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Seychelles,

Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island, Amsterdam Island, New

Zealand, South and Central America. Also recorded from

temperate Australia and Polynesia (Dobbie in Crookes,

1951). Occasional in open undergrowth in shade of forest

and forest margins, or in rocky ravines, c. 250-1 900 m.

Map 228.

Vouchers: Schlechter 5952 (BM; GRA; PRE; S);

10351 (BM; BOL; GRA; PRE); Sim s.n. (BOL; GRA;

PRE).

8. HYPODEMATIUM

Hypodematium Kunze in Flora 16: 690 (1833); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 327 (1958);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 230 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.:

90 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 176 (1977). Type species: H. onustum Kunze (=H. crenatum

(Forssk.) Kuhn).

Rhizome creeping, densely set with lanceolate-acuminate rhizome-scales. Fronds tufted, stipe

with a tuft of scales basally; lamina ovate-deltate to pentagonal, herbaceous, 3- to 4-pinnatifid,

lowest pinnae greatly developed basiscopically, pilose with needle-like unicellular hairs; veins

free. Sori subcircular; indusium reniform, pilose.

An Old World genus of about 3 species, with only one species in Africa.

Hypodematium crenatum = (Forssk.)

Kuhn in Von Deck., Reisen, Bot. 3, 3: 37

(1879); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 230, t. 66

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 176, t. 32 (1977);

W.B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 451, t. 341.

(1983). Type: Yemen, Bulghose, Forsskal s.n.

(Type lost).

Polypodium crenatum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. cxxv,

185 (1775). Aspidium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn, Fil. Afr.

129 (1868). Lastrea crenata (Forssk.) Bedd., Ferns Brit.

Ind., Suppl. 18 (1876). Nephrodium crenatum (Forssk.)

Bak., Fl. Maurit. 497 (1877). Dryopteris crenata (Forssk.)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 811 (1891); Sim,.Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

111, t. 22 (1915).

Rhizome short, set with dense, concolo-

rous ferrugineous, entire rhizome-scales c. 10

mm long. Fronds herbaceous; stipe strami-

neous, up to 120 mm long; /amina ovate-del-

tate, up to 330 X 300 mm, 4-pinnatifid; pinnae

oblong acute towards apex, unequally deltate-

ovate basally, up to 220 mm long; pinnules of

upper pinnae and basiscopic pinnule segments

of basal pinnae up to 20 X 9 mm, deeply pinna-

tifid into oblong obtuse, crenate lobes, pilose

with unicellular hairs on both surfaces; rhachis

stramineous, pilose, Sori up to 12 per pinnule

(or pinnule segment of basal pinna), 1—-1,5 mm

in diameter; indusium reniform, pilose with

straight white unicellular hairs. Fig. 82: 2.

Transvaal, Angola, Zambia, Kenya, Ethiopia, Su-

dan, Yemen, Aden, Cape Verde Islands, Mauritius. Also

from India to the Philippine Islands. In Southern Africa H.

crenatum appears to be confined to those parts of the

Transvaal Drakensberg, in the vicinity of Pilgrim’s Rest,

where dolomitic cliffs are found in a relatively high rainfall

area. It is also recorded as growing on alkaline rocks in

Angola and Kenya. Map 229.

Vouchers: Braithwaite 230 (BOL); Rogers 23080

(BOL; PRE).

ees es eS

MAP 229.—Hypodematium crenatum

264 FILICALES

9. CTENITIS

Ctenitis (C. Chr.) C. Chr. ex Tardieu-Blot in Notul. syst. 7: 86 (1938); Tardieu-Blot in Mém.

Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 129 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 328 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2,

Suppl. 70 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 156 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 264 (1964); Schelpe in

F.Z. Pterid.: 230 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 90 (1973);

in C.F.A. Pterid.: 178 (1977). Lectotype species: C. submarginalis (Langsd. & Fisch.) Ching

(= Polypodium submarginale Langsd. & Fisch.).

Rhizome creeping or erect, set with linear to lanceolate rhizome-scales. Fronds tufted or

spaced; stipes paleaceous basally; lamina oblong-herbaceous, lanceolate to deltate-pentagonal, 2-

to 4-pinnatifid, set with multicellular hairs along costae and costules; veins free. Sori circular with

reniform indusia.

A pantropic genus of c. 150 species.

Ctenitis lanuginosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Co-

pel. in Gen. Fil. 124 (1947); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 232, t. 67B (1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen,

Ferns Sthn Afr. 454, t. 343 (1983). Type: Mau-

ritius, Thouars s.n., Herb. Willdenow no.

19808 (B, holo.!).

Aspidium lanuginosum Willd. ex Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 244

(1814). Nephrodium lanuginosum (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Desv.

in Mém. Soc. Linn., Paris 6, 2: 262 (1827). Lastrea lanugi-

nosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.) T. Moore, Ind. Fil 87 (1958). Poly-

stichum lanuginosum (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Keys., Polypod.

Cyath. Herb. Bunge 45 (1873). Dryopteris lanuginosa

(Willd. ex Kaulf.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 273 (1906); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 110, t. 21 (1915).

Aspidium catopteron Kunze in Linnaea 10: 550 (1836).

Lastrea catoptera (Kunze) Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 12 (1858). Nephrodium catopteron (Kunze) Hook.,

Sp. Fil. 4: 137 (1862). Dryopteris catoptera (Kunze)

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 812 (1891). Syntypes: Transkei, be-

tween the Umsikaba and Umzimvubu Rivers, Drége s.n.;

Cape Province, Koratra (Karatara near George), Drége s.n.

(LZ7). Possible isotype: Cape of Good Hope, Drége s.n.

(HBG-BOL, photo.!).

Rhizome erect, forming a trunk up to 0,45

m high and 0,15 m in diameter, set with golden

brown, minutely serrate rhizome-scales up to

27 X 2,5 mm. Fronds tufted, arching, softly

herbaceous; stipe up to 1 m long, set with scales

basally; Jamina broadly deltate-ovate, c. 1,3 X

1,2 m, acute, deeply 2- to 4-pinnatifid, basal

pinnae largest and developed basiscopically;

pinnae set at an angle of c. 45° to rhachis; ulti-

mate pinnatifid segments oblong, incised into

weakly crenate to crenate-oblong, truncate to

obtuse lobes, pilose with white hairs along cos-

MAP 230.—Ctenitis lanuginosa

tules and veins; rhachis and secondary rha-

chises minutely pilose at first, becoming sub-

glabrous with age towards base of rhachis. Sori

c. | mm in diameter; indusium glabrous, erose,

c. 1 mm in diameter. Fig. 84: 1.

Southern Cape Province to Transkei, Natal, Transvaal,

Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Sao -

Tomé, Fernando Po, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles

and Réunion. On marshy streambanks in forest, usually in

dense shade. In Natal and Transvaal it occurs at altitudes

from 1 300-1 700 m, and in eastern Zimbabwe and Mozam-

bique from 1 000-1 800 m. Map 230.

Vouchers: Burrows 1453 (BOL; NBG); Fisher 947

(BOL; NH; NU); Medley Wood 10994 (NH: PRE: SAM):

Thorncroft 57 (PRE).

FILICALES 265

10. TECTARIA

Tectaria Cav. in Ann. Hist. Nat. 1, 2: 115 (1799); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28:

141 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 349 (1958); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 73 (1959); Tardieu-

Blot in Fl. Gabon 8: 172 (1964); in Fl. Camer. 3: 285 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 234 (1970);

in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L. Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 92 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 182

(1977). Type species: T. trifoliata (L.) Cav. (= Polypodium trifoliatum L.).

Rhizome creeping to erect, set with large, thin, entire rhizome-scales. Fronds mostly tufted;

stipe scaly, at least basally; /amina pinnate to 3-pinnatifid, rarely simple, basal pair of pinnae often

developed basiscopically; ultimate segments crenate but not aristate; veins anastomosing, with or

ie included veinlets. Sori circular, dorsal or terminal on veins; indusium peltate, reniform or

absent.

A pantropic genus of over 200 species.

Tectaria gemmifera (Fée) Alston in J.

Bot., Lond. 77: 288 (1939); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 234, t. 64D (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.:

183 (1977); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn

Afr. 456, t. 19 (1983). Type: Madagascar, Per-

ville s.n. (Type lost).

Sagenia gemmifera Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 313

(1852). Aspidium coadunatum var. gemmiferum (Fée) Mett.

ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 128 (1868). Aspidium gemmiferum (Fée)

ae in Bull. Fan Memor. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 237

(1941).

Aspidium cicutarium sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

113, t. 25 (1915).

Rhizome erect, up to 20 mm in diameter,

set with very dark brown rhizome-scales up to 8

mm long with paler borders. Fronds arching,

herbaceous, with proliferating bulbils up to 10

mm in diameter on costae and costules; stipe

MAP 231.—Tectaria gemmifera

matt brown, up to 0,75 m long, thinly pu-

bescent with minute white hairs and set with

scales basally; lamina ovate-deltate-acute, up to

0,9 X 0,6 m, 3-pinnatifid, basal pinnae greatly

developed basiscopically, unequally deltate;

upper pinnae deeply pinnatifid into narrowly

oblong, somewhat falcate, crenate, pubescent

lobes; veins usually anastomosing, without in-

pale brown hairs. Sori up to 2 mm in diameter;

indusium membranous, minutely ciliate, c. 1

mm in diameter. Fig 83: 2.

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zam-

bia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan,

Madagascar and Comoro Islands. On moist forest floors,

sometimes locally common, in the tropical forests of

aaa Africa at altitudes between 400 and 1 500 m. Map

cluded veinlets; rhachis with decurrent lamina

\ | Vouchers: Braithwaite 165 (BOL); Rogers 18103 (J);

wings near apex and pubescent with minute

Schweickerdt s.n. (PRE).

BLECHNACEAE

Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic plants. Rhizome creeping to erect, sometimes forming a

caudex, dictyostelic, set with non-peltate, non-clathrate rhizome-scales. Fronds dimorphous to a

greater or lesser extent; stipe not articulated, with numerous vascular strands; Jamina pinnate or

deeply pinnatifid (infrequently 2-pinnatifid), basal pinnae reduced or not; veins free or anastomos-

ing. Sori linear (less frequently discontinuous), usually borne on a secondary vein parallel to costa,

between costa and margin; indusia linear, opening towards costa, or absent. Spores monolete, with

or without perispore.

Indusium present; fertile frond usually pinnate; rhizome erect or creeping, rarely ascending trees................. 1. Blechnum

Indusium absent; fertile frond usually 2-pinnate; rhizome ascending trees ...............cceececeeceneeeeeeeneeees 2. Stenochlaena

266 FILICALES

FIG. 91.—1, Blechnum giganteum, sterile frond, x 0,6; la, fertile frond, x 0,6 (Schelpe 5534).

FILICALES 267

1. BLECHNUM

Blechnum L., Sp. Pl. 1077 (1753); Gen. Pl. edn 5: 485 (1754); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 32

(1908); Tardieu-Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 201 (1953); Alston in F.W.T.A. edn 2,

Suppl. 74 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Madag. 5, 2: 1 (1960); in Fl. Camer. 3: 293 (1964); Launert

in F.S.W.A. 8: 1 (1969); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 235 (1970); in Expl. Hydrobiol. Bassin L.

Bangw. & Luapula 8, 3 Pterid.: 92 (1973); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 184 (1977). Lectotype species: B.

occidentale L.

Rhizome creeping or erect, sometimes forming a short caudex, set with brown rhizome-

scales. Fronds tufted; lamina pinnatifid to pinnate (rarely 2-pinnatifid); veins free in sterile fronds.

Sori linear, indusiate.

A cosmopolitan genus of over 200 species, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with 7 species in continental Africa.

la Sterile pinnae with bases broadest and wholly adnate to rhachis or only slightly free basiscopically:

2a Basal pinnae reduced, but lamina not decrescent; sterile pinna apices obtuse to acute; rhachis usually raised and

flat or shallowly sulcate above .............ccceceeeeeeeees

PC IN ARS APA AAROW Sots Sr a 2 eh, aL Ty EL ate 1. B. inflexum

2b Lamina longly decrescent, basal pinnae becoming deltate and then rudimentary at extreme base; sterile pinna

apices attenuate to acute-acuminate; rhachis usually sunken, deeply sulcate above ................0006+ 2. B. giganteum

Ib Sterile pinnae with bases unequally cuneate-adnate or petiolate:

3a Sterile pinna margin obviously serrate; scales at base of stipe ovate-acute ...........cecccesccaecceusceaneceuee 3. B. capense

3b Sterile pinna margin entire to the naked eye; scales at base of stipe lanceolate-attenuate:

4a Lamina very thickly coriaceous; sterile pinnae unequally cuneate basally, never auriculate, seldom petio-

VERS. SA Racke POL eee eee eed Tike saris), ALE Ain 2

4. B. tabulare

4b Lamina membranous to coriaceous; sterile lamina with at least lower pinnae petiolate, auriculate to a greater

or lesser extent:

5a Pinna apices mucronate in robust specimens, rounded entire in high altitude plants; margin bearing

minute transparent teeth; lamina apex acute; indusium erose-lacerate..............cecceccseecoeeeceeene 5. B. australe

Sb Pinna apices acute to attenuate in robust specimens, dentate in high altitude plants; margin without

minute transparent teeth; lamina apex cuspidate; indusium subentire ................0.e.ceceeees

1. Blechnum inflexum (Kunze) Kuhn, Fil.

Afr. 92 (1868); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 178,

t. 74 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 236

(1970); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr.

461, t. 347 (1983). Type: South Africa, ‘‘Herrn

Gueinzius am Vorgebirge der guten Hoffnung

ohne Angabe des Standorts eingesandt”’

(LZt); Cape Province, Ceres, Hansiesberg, Es-

terhuysen 25747 (BOL, neo.!; B!; C!; K!; M!;

MO!; P!; PR!; PRE!; S!).

Lomaria inflexa Kunze, Farnkr. 1, 7: 150 t. 65 (1844).

Struthiopteris inflexa (Kunze) Ching in Sunyatsenia 5; 243

(1940).

Lomaria discolor var. natalensis Bak. in Hook. & Bak.,

Syn. Fil. edn 2: 481 (1874). Type: Natal, McKen & Bucha-

nan (K, holo.!).

Rhizome erect to procumbent, c. 5 mm in

diameter, set with linear-attenuate, entire, light

brown, concolorous and striped rhizome-scales

8-18 mm long. Fronds erect, thinly coriaceous;

stipe brown, darkening basally, with a conspic-

uous mass of squarrose scales basally otherwise

subglabrous at maturity; sterile lamina _nar-

rowly oblong-elliptic, acute, up to 300 x 95

mm, very deeply pinnatifid to pinnate, basal

pinnae reduced; pinnae narrowly oblong, en-

tire, acute to obtuse, sessile, slightly auriculate

acroscopically, glabrous on both surfaces; fer-

6. B. punctulatum

tile lamina conspicuously shorter, very nar-

rowly oblong, acute, up to 180 x 40 mm, basal

pinnae reduced; pinnae linear, subsessile, a mu-

cronate tip extending beyond sori; venation ap-.

parent. Sori extending most of the length of

fertile pinnae; indusium dark brown, deeply la-

cerate, up to 2 mm broad. Fig. 93: 2.

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal and Zimbabwe. In

the mountains of south-western Cape Province B. inflexum

occurs in colonies or as individuals along streambanks

above 1 000 m altitude. In the eastern parts of Southern

MAP 232.—Blechnum inflexum

FILICALES

Africa the species usually occurs on streambanks with little

or no shade, or around boulder bases, between 600 and

2 000 m altitude. Map 232.

Vouchers: Clarkson 82 (BOL; NU); Schelpe 4573 (B;

BOL; C; K; M; MO; P; PR; PRE; S); Taylor s.n. (BOL).

2. Blechnum~= giganteum (Kaulf.)

Schlechtd., Adumbr. 36, t. 20, 22 fig. 1 (1827);

W. B.G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 460, t. 346.

(1983). Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula,

Kirstenbosch,? Bergius s.n. (HAL, holo.-K,. |

photo.).

Lomaria gigantea Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 150 (1824). Blech-

num attenuatum var. giganteum (Kaulf.) Bonap. in Sarasin

& Roux, Nova Caledonia 1: 43 (1914); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 236 (1970).

Lomaria heterophylla Desv. in Mag. Ges. naturf.

Freunde Berl. 5: 330 (1811). Blechnum heterophyllum

(Desv.) Schlechtd., Adumbr. 37 (1827). Type: Cape of

Good Hope, Sonnerat s.n., Herb. Jussieu no. 1278 (P,

holo.!-BM & BOL, photo.!).

Lomaria hamata Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 150 (1824). Type:

Cape of Good Hope (?HAL, holo.).

Lomaria punctata Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 201 (1828).

(Type not found).

Lomaria decipiens Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr.

29 (1858). Type: Cape Province, near Grahamstown,

Atherstone s.n. (K, lecto.!).

Blechnum attenuatum sensu Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

179, t. 75, 76 figs 2, 3 (1915).

Rhizome creeping, up to 450 mm long,

20-34 mm in diameter, set with dark brown,

subulate rhizome-scales up to 42 X 3 mm,

sometimes spirally twisted when dry. Fronds

arching, thinly coriaceous; stipe light brown to

stramineous, sulcate, set with occasional scales

near base; sterile lamina elliptic, up to 1,8 x

0,22 m, pinnate (occasionally 2-pinnatifid)

lower pinnae gradually decrescent; pinnae nar-

rowly oblong-attenuate, entire (occasionally ir-

regularly pinnatifid or slightly undulate), sessile

with an abruptly widened base wholly adnate to

rhachis and somewhat contiguous, margin nar-

rowly reflexed, upper surface glabrous, lower

surface set with occasional scales along costa;

fertile lamina elliptic, pinnate; pinnae linear,

sessile with an abruptly widened base adnate to

rhachis, often recurved or pendent. Sori extend-

ing from above base almost to apex of fertile

noni indusium dark brown, erose, c. 1 mm

road. Fig. 91.

MAP 233.—Blechnum giganteum

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland,

Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania,

Uganda, Comoro Islands, Mauritius and Réunion. Terres-

trial or lithophytic in forest undergrowth, c. 100-2 000 m.

Map 233.

Vouchers: Fisher 941 (NH; NU): Guy & Ward 17

(NPB; NU); Pegler 962 (BOL; PRE); Schiitte 7 (BM;

BOL); Wasserfall 85 (NBG; PRE).

B. giganteum is a much larger terrestrial or lithophytic

plant than the commonly epiphytic tropical African B.

attenuatum (Swartz) Mett. The pale reddish developing

fronds of B. giganteum constitute a useful field character.

3. Blechnum capense Burm. f., Prodr. 28

(1768). Type: Cape of Good Hope (G, lecto.—

BOL, photo.!).

Osmunda capensis L., Mant. Alt. 306 (1771). Onoclea

capensis (L.) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 111 (1806). Lomaria capen-

sis (L.) Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. edn 4, 5: 291 (1810). Blech-

num capense (L.) Schlechtd., Adumbr. 34 (1827), t. 18

(1826); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 186, t. 82 (1915); Schelpe

in F.Z. Pterid.: 239 (1970). Spicanta capensis (L.) Kuntze,

Rev. Gen. 2: 821 (1891).

Blechnum sylvaticum Schelpe in Jl S. Afr.. Bot. 45: 221

(1979); W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 464, t. 350

(1983). Type: Cape Province, Cape Peninsula, between

Table Mountain and Devil’s Peak, Koenig s.n. (LINN

1244/11, holo.!).

Rhizome creeping, up to 20 mm in diame-

ter, set with ovate-acuminate, entire, light

brown, concolorous rhizome-scales c. 10 mm

long. Fronds arching, firmly herbaceous; stipe

castaneous, nitid, set with scattered ovate-acute

scales basally; sterile lamina oblong-acute, up

to 0,63 X 0,22 m, lower pinnae not reduced;

pinnae shortly petiolate, base cuneate, minutely

serrate, glabrous except for a few hair-like

scales along the raised and sulcate costa above,

FIG. 92.—1, Blechnum capense, sterile frond, < 0,6 (from live material); 1a, fertile frond, < 0,6 (Rodin 1141).

FILICALES

270

spilt

~—: e. Ga “ >

ESO SS . tr os “4 a>,

a ee » By , SENN hp. Gin <a a

UNS Qe M NAY VS i, “aH S54 as) =

eA Qe ea, Sa ae a

SSB me a: yg C2 ge, ‘sb

Py Y SHAD: Sy fl Jt f 3

J gS LAY DAZ JLUS IT YL SW

0 {fp f- / AG hj “It, jb / iy

i Mh hf Shy) i, /, fs sy fei) dy yy 637,

i! a 9/) Wf of: ¥ oi

MINIMA ee es.

= oN

zB 4%

eB Vix N *

TaN EFS gg

RENNES A at

SS? KES x7

ye ‘ca ‘}

5 SARS 5 MN

MES : aie N

A hig FA. = N

SZABGE AG NEON

‘ Ce ae

Sl MOS Cae

SLINGS a ioe

VE Ss E

FIG. 93.—1, Blechnum tabulare, sterile frond, < 0,6; la, fertile frond, x 0,6 (Schelpe 5936). 2, Blechnum

inflexum, sterile frond, X 0,6; 2a, fertile frond, x 0,6 (Esterhuysen 26042).

FILICALES

MAP 234.—Blechnum capense

set with hair-like scales and with brown ovate-

lanceolate scales up to 3 mm long along costa

below; fertile lamina narrowly oblong-acute,

up to 0,4 0,13 m, lower pinnae not reduced;

pinnae undulate, narrowly linear-acuminate,

petiolate, somewhat auriculate basally, set with

hair-like scales, and with ovate-lanceolate

scales along costa below. Sori extending from

base almost to apex of fertile pinnae; indusium

dark brown, lacerate, c. 1,5 mm broad. Fig. 92.

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Swaziland, Trans-

vaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi. Along stream-

banks in shade, in moist exposed situations, or dominant in

undergrowths of wet forest in southern Cape Province,

175-1 800 m. Map 234.

Vouchers: Johnstone 119 (NU); Mott 82 (BOL;

UBLS); Paterson 3256 (BOL; PRE); Schelpe 4122 (BM;

BOL); Thode A 2585 (K; NH; PRE).

Blechnum capense (L.) Schlechtd. (1825) is antedated

by Blechnum capense Burm. f. (1768). The application of

the name Blechnum capense Burm. f. is explained by Roux

(1982).

4. Blechnum tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn,

Fil. Afr. 94 (1868); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2:

187, t. 83 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 237

(1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.:. 184 (1977);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 463, t. 42,

349 (1983). Type: Cape Province, Cape Penin-

sula, Table Mountain, Herb. Thunberg (UPS,

holo.!; S~-BOL, photo.!).

Pteris tabularis Thunb., Prodr. 171 (1800). Lomaria

tabularis (Thunb.) Mett. ex Bak. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 1, 2:

418 (1870).

Lomaria coriacea Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 916

(1818). Type: South Africa, Hesse s.n. (?LE, holo.).

Lomaria gueinzii Moug. ex Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 69

(1852). Type: South Africa, Gueinzius s.n., Herb. Moug.

(Type not found).

ert

Lomaria cycadoides Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 2 (1858). Blechnum cycadoides (Pappe & Raws.)

Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 91 (1868). Type: Natal, Plant 335 (Type

not found).

Lomaria dalgairnsiae Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 27 (1858). Blechnum dalgairnsiae (Pappe & Raws.)

Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 92 (1868). Type: Cape Province, near

Knysna, Dalgairns s.n., Herb. Rawson (BM, holo.!).

Rhizome erect or procumbent, up to 0,9 m

long and 0,1 m in diameter, set with very nar-

rowly linear-attenuate, entire rhizome-scales up

to 35 mm long with a dark brown to ebeneous

central stripe and pale borders. Fronds erect to

suberect, coriaceous, dimorphous; stipe pale

brown, with a conspicuous tuft of scales

basally; lamina narrowly oblong, acute, up to

1,4 X 0,36 m, with a narrowly oblong acute

terminal segment, base with up to 9 pairs of

gradually reduced pinnae, the lowest rudimen-

tary; sterile pinnae subsessile with an unequally

cuneate base, entire, usually revolute, upper

surface glabrous, lower surface set with hair-

like scales and with ovate-fimbriate scales

along costa; fertile pinnae subsessile to very

shortly petiolate. Sori extending almost the

whole length of fertile pinnae; indusium pale

brown, linear, lacerate at maturity, c. 1,5 mm

broad. Figi93: 1.

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal, Swaziland, Zim-

babwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire,

Tanzania, Uganda and Madagascar. On the mountains of

south-western Cape Province B. tabulare can form exten-

sive colonies on moist but exposed slopes and screes from

300 to 1 650 m elevation. In the summer rainfall area, such

as in Natal and Transvaal, this species occurs in grassland,

either in moist depressions or around boulder bases, always

in full exposure, at altitudes from 900 to 1 450 m. Map 235.

Vouchers: Fisher 835 (NU; PRE); Schelpe 1656 (BOL;

NH; NU); Schlechter 6649 (BM; K; PRE).

MAP 235.—Blechnum tabulare

FILICALES

Sere

: RG an ay So wees

ST Wa SE SES Lay) ew eae,

Kani

Osi

So Rtay

SN )

een

ss j 283

5, 3

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en SRN ere

Se 5 <t s

| ceca rarer:

ERAT

mts a

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Byte Sees NES

4%. % & OE ZAS SA

FILICALES

5. Blechnum australe L., Mant. Alt. 130

(1767); Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 188, t. 84

(1915); Launert in F.S.W.A. 8: 1 (1969);

Schelpe in F.Z. Pterid.: 240 (1970); W. B. G.

Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 469, t. 352 (1983).

Type: Cape of Good Hope (LINN 1247/3,

holo.!).

Rhizome creeping, branching, up to 6 mm

in diameter, set with brown, nitid, lanceolate-

attenuate, entire, concolorous and striped rhi-

zome-scales c. 5,5 X 1 mm. Fronds tufted,

erect or arching, firmly membranous or herba-

ceous, to thinly coriaceous, green, glabrous or

glandular; stipe pale brown to stramineous,

darker and set with scales basally, less than 4

lamina length; lamina very narrowly elliptic to

lanceolate, acute or acuminate, up to 500 x 130

mm, pinnate with several pairs of basal pinnae

reduced, pinnae edged with transparent cells

which form one or two rows of minute teeth in

mature fronds; sterile pinnae oblong-acute,

mucronate, up toc. 30 X 8 mm, base somewhat

auriculate, subsessile to very shortly petiolate;

fertile pinnae linear, falcate, mucronate, c. 30

x 3 mm, base conspicuously expanded into two

subdeltate, often mucronate, auriculae;

rhachis sulcate. Sori extending most of the

length of fertile pinnae, expanded base of lower

pinnae and reduced pinnae sterile; indusium

brown, thinly membranous, erose-lacerate, c.

0,6 mm broad. Fig. 94: 1.

A number of aberrant fronds have been found which

display a trend towards sorus division and simultaneous

lack of reduction of the fertile frond. In the similar case of

B. punctulatum Swartz a number of varieties have been

established for convenience of reference and the same has

been done for B. australe.

Sori 2 per pinna, in unbroken lines on either side

of costa; fertile lamina only _ slightly

ICAU ER ia Riedie Rises (a). var. australe

Sori discrete, set at an angle to costa; fertile lamina

not reduced, but similar to sterile lamina ...........

bs seg aslib aceite Shel dalatratt OTe RAREST a ae (b). var. aberrans

5 (a). var. australe.

Lomaria australis (L.) Link, Fil. Hort. Berol. 75 (1841).

Mesothema australe (L.) Presl, Epim. Bot. 111 (1851),

reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 472

(1851). Blechnopteris australis (L.) Trevisan in Atti Ist.

Veneto 2, 2: 166 (1851). Struthiopteris australis (L.) Trevi-

san in Atti Ist. Veneto 3, 14: 572 (1869). Spicanta australis

(L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 821 (1891).

MAP 236.—Blechnum australe

Lomaria pumila Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 151 (1824). Type:

Cape of Good Hope (?HAL, holo.).

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Orange Free

State, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Madagascar, Tristan

da Cunha and Gough Island. On shaded streambanks and

near waterfalls, and in the shelter of rock overhangs and

crevices, 250-2 100 m. Map 236.

Vouchers: Esterhuysen 25802 (B; BM; BOL; MO; PR;

PRE); 27210 (BM; BOL; MO; P; PR; PRE); Hilliard &

Burtt 11919 (NU); Pott 4845 (BOL); Schelpe 5897 (BM;

BOL).

The high altitude rock crevice forms of B. australe, in

which the marginal teeth are seldom developed, can be

distinguished from those of B. punctulatum (which are of a

similar texture) by the lanceolate shape of the fronds and the

entire or mucronate pinna apices, as opposed to the cuspi-

date frond apex and the somewhat dentate pinna margins of

the latter. Until research into the function and constancy of

the glands in forma glanduliferum Schelpe has been carried

out, it is preferred not to maintain this form as separate.

5(b). var. aberrans N. C. Anthony &

Schelpe in Bothalia 15: 555 (1985). Type:

Transkei, Amabele, Hardcastle 297 (NBG,

holo.!).

Occasional amongst populations of B. australe.

Voucher: Glass s.n. (SAM 24666).

6. Blechnum punctulatum Swartz in J.

Bot., Gott. 1800, 2: 74 (1802); Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 181, t. 77 (1915); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 239 (1970). Type: Cape of Good Hope,

Thunberg s.n., Herb. Swartz (S, holo.!-BOL,

photo. !).

FIG. 94.—1, Blechnum australe, frond, x 0,6 (Esterhuysen 25849). 2, B. punctulatum var. atherstonei, frond, x

0,6 (Schelpe 1652). 3, B. punctulatum var. krebsii, frond, x 0,6 (Schelpe 4388).

FILICALES

Rhizome creeping, branched, up to 10 mm

in diameter, set with brown, nitid, lanceolate-

attenuate, entire, concolorous and striped rhi-

zome-scales c. 7 X 1 mm. Fronds tufted, erect,

coriaceous, greyish green (or occasionally

firmly membranous, green), glabrous or glan-

dular; stipe pale brown to stramineous, darker

and set with scales basally, less than % lamina

length; lamina oblong-elliptic, apex somewhat

cuspidate, up to 760 X 100 mm, pinnate, witha

long tapering base, lowest pinnae often rudi-

mentary, margin entire in robust specimens,

often dentate in high altitude, rock crevice spec-

imens; sterile pinnae oblong-attenuate from an

auriculate base, auriculae overlapping rhachis,

up to 85 X 12 mm, subsessile to shortly petio-

late; fertile pinnae linear, acute, c. 60 X 2,5

mm, base somewhat auriculate acroscopically;

rhachis sulcate. Sori extending most of the

length of fertile pinnae; indusium reddish

brown, membranous, entire to erose, c. 0,6 mm

broad. Fig. 94: 2 & 3. Fig. 95.

A number of varieties have in the past been ascribed

to B. punctulatum. These are based on various recognisable

stages in trends towards lack of reduction of the fertile

lamina and division of the sori into numerous oval sori set at

an angle to the costa. However, all three described varieties

intergrade and are maintained for the sake of convenience.

The number of aberrant fronds that occur in nature, includ-

ing occasional bipinnatifid laminae and partially fertile

fronds points towards genetic instability and research could

be done to establish the causes of this instability.

la Fertile lamina reduced; sori parallel to costa:

2a Sori unbroken, set one on either side of costa on

ACH UNGA Ae. «ahs cease (a). var. punctulatum

2b Sori on lower nee breaking up towards

rhachis into small separate oval sori..............

nih okt aioad seaRe make seal meee (b). var. atherstonei

1b Fertile lamina not conspicuously reduced; sori set

at an angle to costa:

3a All sori oval, separate................... (d). var. krebsii

3b Sori set in saw-tooth lines on either side of

costa, together with small detached sori .........

shih Gnih is sede dahcaaleias ect eee ea (c). var. intermedium

6 (a). var. punctulatum.

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 466,

t. 351a (1983).

Lomaria punctulata (Swartz) Kunze in Linnaea 10: 507

(1836). Mesothema punctulata (Swartz) Presl, Epim. Bot.

113 (1851). Blechnopteris punctulata (Swartz) Trevisan in

Atti Ist. Veneto 2, 2: 166 (1851). Struthiopteris punctulata

(Swartz) Trevisan in Atti Ist. Veneto 3, 14: 373 (1869).

Spicanta punctulata (Swartz) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 822

(1891).

MAP 237.—Blechnum punctulatum var. punctulatum

Blechnum rigidum Swartz in J. Bot., Gétt. 1800, 2: 75

(1801). Mesothema rigidum (Swartz) Presl, Epim. Bot. 113

(1851). Lomaria rigida (Swartz) Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 5:

68 (1852). Struthiopteris rigida (Swartz) Trevisan in Atti

Ist. Veneto 3, 14: 572 (1869). Type: Herb. Swartz (S, ho-

lo.!-BOL, photo. !).

Lomaria auriculata Desv. in Mag. Ges. naturf. Freunde

Berl. 5: 330 (1811). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Descrez

s.n. (P, holo._BOL, photo.!).

Lomaria densa Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 151 (1824). Type:

Cape of Good Hope, Sieber s.n. (HBG, ?iso.—BOL,

photo.!).

Lomaria dregeana Fée, Mém. Fam. Foug. 10: 9 (1865).

Struthiopteris dregeana (Fée) Trevisan in Atti Ist. Veneto

‘ 14: (1869). Type: Cape of Good Hope, Drége s.n. (Type

ost).

Cape Province, Transkei, Natal, Lesotho, Swaziland,

Zimbabwe, Malawi and Madagascar. In sheltered rocky

se ee and on shaded streambanks, c. 250-2 000 m. Map

Vouchers: Geldenhuys 396 (BOL); Schelpe 6176

(BOL); Strey 8962 (NH); Ward 2259 (BOL; NPB; NU);

Williams 2876, 2877 (NBG).

6 (b). var. atherstonei (Pappe & Raws.)

Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 2: 183, t. 79 (1915);

W. B. G. Jacobsen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 467, t.

351b (1983). Type: Cape Province, south-west

of Grahamstown, Atherstone s.n. (2BM,

holo.).

Blechnum atherstonei Pappe & Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr.

Austr. 16 (1858). Lomaria punctulata var. atherstonei

(Pappe & Raws.) Sim, Ferns S. Afr. edn 1: 120 (1892).

South-western and eastern Cape Province, Transkei,

Natal, Swaziland and Transvaal. In forest and drier forest

margins and in shade of rocks. Map 238.

FIG. 95.—1, Blechnum punctulatum var. punctulatum, sterile frond, < 0,6 (Schelpe 4373); 1a, fertile frond, x 0,6

(Schelpe 4401).

FILICALES

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FILICALES

MAP 238.—Blechnum punctulatum var. atherstonei

Vouchers: Compton 26919 (NBG); Esterhuysen 26261

gs Schelpe 1639 (BOL); 1652 (BOL); Strey 5979 (NH;

MAP 239.—Blechnum punctulatum var. intermedium

6 (c). var. intermedium Sim, Ferns S.

Afr. edn 2: 184, t. 80 (1915); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 468, t. 351c (1983). Syn-

MAP 240.—Blechnum punctulatum var. krebsii

types: Cape Province, Grahamstown Kloofs,

Sim sub TRV 278 (PRE!); Natal, Buchanan sub

TRV 305 (PRE!).

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei and Natal. In forest

and along shady streambanks. Map 239.

Vouchers: Basel 48 (NU); Rennie 338 (BOL); Taylor

2599 (NBG).

6 (d). var. krebsii (Kunze) Sim, Ferns S.

‘Afr. edn 2: 185, t. 81 (1915); W. B. G. Jacob-

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 468, t. 351d (1983). Type:

Cape Province, near Grahamstown, Krebs s.n.

(B, holo.!).

Onychium krebsii Kunze in Linnaea 10: 504 (1836). Sco-

lopendrium krebsii (Kunze) Kunze in Linnaea 18: 118

(1844). Lomaria punctulata var. krebsii (Kunze) Sim,

Ferns S. Afr. edn 1: 122 (1892).

Eastern Cape Province, Transkei and Natal. In moist

shady habitats. Map 240.

Vouchers: Roux 583 (NBG); 675 (NBG); Schelpe 4388

(B; BOL; GH; K; M; MO; PRE; S; US); Strey 6905 (NH);

Ward 2264 (BOL; MO; NPB; NU).

2. STENOCHLAENA

Stenochlaena J. Sm. in J. Bot., Gott. 4: 149 (1841); Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 2: 34 (1908); Tardieu-

Blot in Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 28: 86 (1953); in Fl. Madag. 5, 1: 110 (1958); Alston in

F.W.T.A. edn 2, Suppl. 50 (1959); Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Camer. 3: 353 (1964); Schelpe in F.Z.

Pterid.: 240 (1970); in C.F.A. Pterid.: 185 (1977). Lectotype species: S$. scandens (Swartz) J.

Sm., nom. illeg. (= Onoclea scandens Swartz, nom. illeg.; Polypodium palustre Burm. f.; S.

palustris (Burm. f.) Bedd.).

FIG. 96.—1, Stenochlaena tenuifolia, part of plant with sterile frond, x 0,6 (Ward 2250); 1a, part of fertile frond, x

0,6 (Buchanan sub BOL 23610).

278

FILICALES

Large ferns with rhizomes creeping along ground, eventually becoming scandent epiphytes;

rhizome-scales sparse. Fronds remote, dimorphic, pinnate or 2-pinnate; sterile pinnae articulate

with basal glands, firmly membranous or chartaceous with sharply cartilaginous serrate margins;

fertile pinnae linear or divided into linear segments, almost entirely covered by sporangia below;

paraphyses absent.

A small genus of the palaeotropics and palaeosubtropics.

Stenochlaena tenuifolia ea. ) T. Moore

in Gdnrs’ Chron. 1856: 193 (1856); Sim, Ferns

S. Afr. edn 2: 192, t. 85, 86 (1915); Schelpe in’

F.Z. Pterid.: 240, t. 69 (1970); W. B. G. Jacob-.

sen, Ferns Sthn Afr. 471, t. 22, 353 (1983).

Type: Madagascar, ?Commerson (P, holo.!—

BOL, photo.!).

Lomaria tenuifolia Desv. in Mag. Ges. naturf. Freunde

Berl. 5: 326 (1811). Lomariobotrys tenuifolia (Desv.) Fée,

Mém. Fam. Foug. 5: 46 (1852). Polybotrya tenuifolia

(Desv.) Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 52 (1868). Acrostichum tenuifolium

(Desv.) Bak., Syn. Fil. 412 (1868). Lomariopsis tenuifolia

(Desv.) Christ, Farnkr. 42 (1897).

Lomaria meyeriana Kunze in Linnaea 10: 509 (1836).

Stenochlaena meyeriana (Kunze) Presl, Epim. Bot. 166

(1851), reimpr. in Abh. K. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6:

526 (1851). Lomariobotrys meyeriana (Kunze) Fée, Mém.

Fam. Foug. 5: 46 (1852). Polybotrya meyeriana (Kunze)

Mett., Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 24, t. 1 figs 4, 7 (1856), all as

meyerana. Acrostichum meyerianum (Kunze) Hook., Gar-

den Ferns t. 16 (1862), as meyeranum. Type: Transkei,

between the Umtentu and Umzimkulu Rivers, Drége s.n.

(LZ, holo.t; BM, lecto.!).

Rhizome creeping along ground or ascend-

ing trees, up to 20 m long and 10-15 mm in

diameter, bearing widely spaced fronds, oblong

in outline, and sparsely set with dark brown

subulate rhizome-scales up to 5 mm long, be-

coming glabrous with age. Stipe pale brown,

sulcate, glabrous, 0,3-0,5 m long. Sterile

fronds erect, pinnate; lamina 0,8-1,5 xX

0,25—0,4 m, somewhat reduced basally; pinnae

linear, glabrous, petiolate, firmly membranous,

acute, acuminate; up to.270 X 30 mm, base

unequally cuneate, margin minutely cartilagi-

nous-serrate. Fertile fronds erect, 2-pinnate or

rarely pinnate; lamina 0,6-1,4 <X 0,2-0,4 m,

somewhat reduced basally; pinnae up to 0,25 m

long, pinnately divided into narrowly linear

segments adnate to rhachis or petiolate, gla-

brous above, up to 80 X 2 mm. Fig. 96.

Transkei, Natal, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Ma-

dagascar, Pemba, Zanzibar, Mafia Island, Galega Island,

Mauritius and Comoro Islands. Frequently found in the

coastal forests of Natal and on the coastal plain of southern

Mozambique, both on the forest floor and as a scandent

epiphyte in masses covering large trees, especially on less

shaded tree boles. S. tenuifolia only produces fertile fronds

in high light intensities; thus in closed forest they will only

be found at canopy level. It is known from near sea level to

about 650 m altitude in swamp forests. Map 241.

Vouchers: Bowker sub MacOwan H.A.A. 1596

(K; SAM; UPS); Medley Wood s.n. (BOL; NH; PRE;

SAM); Thode A.1545 (K; NH; PRE).

MAP 241.—Stenochlaena tenuifolia

Zno

INDEX

Acropteris radiata (Koenig ex Swartz) Link .......... 148

PCROS FICMU NB ns eigkhl ewe cctus tar eat tectigunecheens 91

Gnoustatii SCntads- eetian. Vehad 2 tase cnet ane eee ee a Dot

GUDENT DOSV 0 innunies BEesaasesh Rcntiser woe et 231

DUPCU Masry Jin suhie lasek ae emer ee eee 91

barbatittds: 22a. Be eRe Se 45

ehrysophyllum SWantz., ® . Sausen ho dogo or 97

CON ORNTE SW AIATE Sige cicainashona testers auasindl caeiads 230, 235

var. glandulosum (Carm. ex Hook. & Grev.) Fée 235

COLT TAN assis ix recess n Bin ng Teas sig Parveen aan 206

CRONOUS joss, can anes wae Saw cckero wachee Glee er igs gs 49

glandulosum Carm. ex Hook. & Grev. ..........64. 235

heudelotti (Bory ex Fée) Hook. ............ceceee eee 239

Reet Wa Ole wis 21a ect shir 9's ee etd avenge 231

NVONSC Len weand Uiguas dee AON eee ste ee 240

lepiophy liu (es) eam, Serena ss Sucie a Ree 93

INGLTOPOGIUINTECS. Siete 5 <cadanes tania eee 233

meyerianum (Kunze) Hook., as meyeranum ....... 278

DURBIN DOSY ¢ oss k ee nose nuee'at auleeoe eee secttn tat tot 235

COP No oes x was ye pa oa wheal cae ace a a 51

DIGIREUMOIAGS usdoqnien nec cacnotnbentere thd anaes 189

HALE OT CURIE S Wi 2588 eek dies tate et vcadenioar as na ematacr tan 163

radiatum (Koenig ex Swartz) Poir. .............000 148

serratifolium Mertens ex Kaulf. ..............c00008 239

SOUT UIGUUING SWATUZ..« 5:00:05 00 « saptgnte tenet aad ares 152

SPOUHOTHIN DOU snicnysrevrrtpmeiuatae-oactenset tee carastot 233

LEMONT (DESY. ) TBA, so sries pac sitcnsvanmrannrgnts 278

PEUICEIONGGS ly. o.cene ks oneceamgcles aman pease seta 95

PCV PICIES Les lly su oe te tec e-ameatenemenise se aetna 207

VISCOSUM Vat. TUPESIFE DMM 43 2445.7 Neos eeeierte 235

ACTINIOPTERIS LANK cc Soc ide a ee nee mares 148

australis var. radiata (Koenig ex Swartz)C. Chr. 148

@iniralis sense Sim |). 0,.5,t.:2158 ss. a 148

dumorphia Pichi-Sermoili ....,scaasshon aah eee 149

pauciloba Pichi-Sermoll * ssszjxasesscrsesgarchoras 149

radiata (Koenig ex Swartz) Link .........ccsceeeeeees 148

PaOTAIN TAC BAB 55, putes «sneaenide rocket aueaanleGiesas 91

Adiantopsis capensis (Thunb.) Fée ................0005 124

preroides (a) [5 MIOOTe. Wins Ma eiteces aera eases 141

VS) FN CUE UU Canna ea Pa OM Aes pet). ra cra SO 99

achilleifoliuim Lam. 2c eee re ree 195

BOUMOPICUMNL , sinnseunahnv awaits «nasa sa eee reneemereet 101

eethiopicum sensu Sint | csccnre. dues aaa 103

auriculatiint Thuae: (4. San See Tees 123

CORGOMEEL UG. wersoncernasalies navies apie giuieiaamiies 53

COP Or UR SINAIEZ es catty. calc rene 021260 gene ae 121

CGO PU Ne TAO i eaters aectes Perna aisepetadartas 124

COMUSVOMONS Lo cies rracdeecerecisnns raneneees 99, 101

COUAGUUN SONY GIN” 53isb2yceicevee verte ec seraeneens 100

CIERGUUN PONS ive eee ee 103

IODA ON... 456 das olde aihang anaes wee a 135

guianense Atel: ...snks stir ER ee 151

hasta VA... wetter wierd trees panes oes 123

hinting (Swale) POs ci tetreuarencussanens osx 121

Piste tlt SWGITE sivas. rvv.on en ceuedien waaigeastahsatea ss 100

MICISHUAGE OF SSRs -c..0atosisdee soda: arspbtenntetiode eaereey 100

PAIN BUI. Fe s-.cclres oh vaececas Maaandeneee es 100

TAUPE OUUIE TOW. ss sea ia:e 0595074 ee ocns:ol bd Caldbgale'Seicceecneeate 243

THAT OURQTUNE SORTA aio.ct sponges duh ie Gie asgauesake 101

RULE QUPUSWIAINZ: ice sccns.cnrcurisnan tee eke eg oae em £35

PAGO SCOC TOO, 0 oo ic acs le 101

TAGEVE OD UES WALL, iit 0s Spin oieirace esau siveeilmmtiantens 117

SG)SUEU, 0] J.) 210 ON Oye te Sa A On Re PI RC Oe 100

POMCUMV SE caer dos dermengcit sista eee nast teeta 103

DOUCHE SENNE SH “ergs .ios: Sabha toate eee 101

PSCUMOCADI INE NEG 0h. 88 kts cia, states ed alaanees 101

PCFOIGES Vig. aipreicaia ch cionsitasison online wees AOR Ne 141

PAAGIANUO PES cities Mcrae ues ceca 103

viride (POrssk..) Wall. sccinncdAeuce keaton rete 129

Allantodea aspidioides (Schlechtd.) Kunze ........... 223

Allantodia scandicina (Willd.) Kaulf. ..............00. 223

Allosorus aquilinus (L..) Pres): sissisesecsrecsverveaegenns 83

auriculatus (nun) Pres). ce cencsctrngeraieaooas 123

Doivinit (HOOK, ) KURtZe cncegersingesandnseaes veneenas 145

calomelanos (Swartz) Pres] ........sccsseccseneeeeees 147

capensis (Thunb.) Pappe & Raws. ..............506 83

concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuntze ............... 140

consobrinus (Kunze) Pappe & Raws. ............64. 133

coriifolia (Kunze) Pappe & Raws. ...........seeeees 83

deltoideus (Kunze) Kuntze | cca ease ca Be $25

durus(W ilid>) rest . 28.22 AR 143

RASTEUS ALL, ) PICS cccsrcrartanctoutearsaen rence ceo 123

var. macrophyllus (Kunze) Pappe & Raws. .... 131

involutus (Swattz) -Presh. .iesisasivevdeaie levees: 128

lancifolius (Bak.) Kuntze ...........cccceecee ence eens 123

leucomelas (Mett. ex Kuhn) Kuntze ................ 147

namaquensis (Bak.) Kuntze ............cceeeeeeee ones 2]

pectiniformis (Bak.) Kuntze ..............cceee eee es 145

quadripinnatus (Forssk.) Pres] ..............0ceeeees 133

POORER TONG 5 cays do gt cs <onaticcaana teas nace 125

PL SOR OTR Di ices wee thn WR aa penrscamtcans arden: 69

canensis (Lf... Sm. Siew ti eek 69

Greed! (Kunze) PIV OR: os sess aco ctiakde cok eee ee 69

Amauropelta bergiana (Schlechtd.) Holttum ......... 219

POM PRUOPTE RIS UNE onc gs eves actin ces ccnancled vacuanes 220

SY 1 | Sl a Ae (oC, nee y 220

POROEA CHD. COREL. ics vnv'e cures. teen tener ies 220

Amphicosmia capensis (L.f.) Klotzsch ................ 69

piparia (Willd..) Gardii:. ccchsaeccicsteote> este teres 69

Anapausia heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) Presl ............. 239

ANEMIA SIGIR | ssisdssatarQassapestorepeeads eae eee 52

* An asterisk signifies exotic species which are not naturalized; synonyms are in italics.

280

GRENTISCHOUNGSETSW SUM) | Fa. eee Saale ee cetaaoectie ene 52

ie BEAN UIZO SA ad eee a SW ene a een a2

SIM TOrdicu-Blol sasciie eel ickec ie. ceccend exseehe 32

PINOGRAMIMASIINK. ccc tonccca)n cantare nov tageigg nad enerveits 93

CONS PETSATIRUNZE) PEC pcbi ss sasie oc cds sanebrseees 97

lepeaphy aL pili aeatcsisbaic. ted. .c te eene oes 93

Antrophyum lanceolatum (Swartz) Blume ............ 156

Aphyllocarpa regalis (L.) Cav. .....scecscscececseseeees 43

ARACHNIODES BlUME. oo. ocecscecheveees acl s0llfsn thon cat 259

Qspidioides BIUME 2.2 Atsecs asi c0bes en Soaweeenees 259

HOHMOSANG PONTE) SCHELPE orsrpasscnnssomeurtl nas oprametioats 259

AR PHROPTERIS FO) o., cxsiveceiedcniisdnasspedes owen lowees 170

monocarpa(Cordent.) Ca CRP.socecces SNL 170

PENCHO(G. FOISts) Je OMies hic acsciete ss eee 170

PSPIDIRC EAD cen. o.Wic.anat Giliid ae se stev nate ties 240

Aspidium africanum (Desv.) Aschers. & Graebn. ... 213

anomophyllum forma micropteris Kunze, as micro-

NIGH Eye. Mocs trates re docs gaits wiesseaethco's tein Zoi

QUnAMORNCHIN KUNZE loess, osia ccgnhs ensreate arate 247

bergianum (Schlechtd.) Mett. .......00...ccscssesees 219

DISCIVONUIE SIAINE. cs. acdicncaesay cr cen nsinctetaeee cscs 167

DOTHAN ANG i: Bin vs eee bn oatelde oss b0 voseg oe 221,229

Capense tl. EV SWART Wasa Sahat ete erected, 69

Capense WANG, cr RPeaioenged okt Or ea aoeves 261

COLOPICTON KUNZE oo. cds Pavcrcdev ded ebths cites dededkie ss 264

PICUATUITD SENSU SIM: c.cvnnsideecscnes sae owe a heen e 265

coadunatum var. gemmiferum (Fée) Mett. ex

Pile Sears scale wea you ca ean ed eae 265

crenanun (Forssk) KURA iii ieksedecteve avdetleess 263

OM ONTPIRMUALE techies scans 5 AU ae adnea oe 209

CLAUDINE.) SWARZ bi os coeietesatds hd. chan yanked 169

UNC N a) DWAIRE: a doiecaks cise x opedsen ach Racsiaies 229

penmniyerum (FEC) CINE oss oiclecinns i aun 265

POCRUOGUS SCARUAE 10340) iesoaien'ee doaden@ean donawdinds 211

BUCUUCIATUILE WEL, Lipa te sass dom carnadaes dian ee tinaieivdles 217

Val THOMIONIIN KUNZE vies esse cd aadencneed nce’ 248

var. montanum sensu W. B.G. Jacobsen ....... 248

lanuginosum Willd. ex Kaulf. .............ccccceeees 264

Jongicuspe (Bak.) KU vicsiiciccsicsccseecetsscenss 214

TOU OITA CMV oh 88 2s cat wealed sch eowsreaierewe ve eroavws 255

INACIEGE BAK., ASINACIEGH — ooseesccsincccennsecetasrns 253

plantianum (Pappe & Raws.) Kuhn ..............065 Zak

DUICHVUTT BOTY CX WUE. oie csececscseescosszesdens 214

MM tho aod lee ohincs Sesieeedesnacsasane 254

ACORGIC A WANG) ay Bhdiel oben cc naad vee er 223

BOCES Ce.) WN. ceasisasinntenstied daarens ivi cow bate 85

squamigerum (Schlechtd.) Fée .............ecceceees eA |

squamisetum (Hook.) Kuhn .............cccceseeeeees 245

thelypteris var. squamigerum Schlechtd. .......... Z11

SOMA BCMOCIIG, ) ENGL, cacivcisicterarscsieccdenacees 213

WUNCAANUS WANE, io vnsvincvdversrenegs Bea ddedetelts 243

PAS PILE NI ACES: asc ceca a Nadicbnl inca acti nsiagioanninoe 173

(ASPLENTOMGL, « Grud hte ss etcnad i m.indie eh mamrothease nari 173

achilleifolium (Lam.) C. Chr. .......ececeee esse enees 195

GONGNIOVDES ANI. «vases on dates cdma Orc iansardosins 205

AGiaMUM=MIOTUM Loos .ceredesenscascan ect ie 199, 254

Var. AdiaNtUM-NIQIUM ............. ce eeee ee ee neon ees 199

var. obtusum (Kit. ex Willd.) Sim ............... 199

var. solidum (Kunze) J.P. ROUX ........sceeeeees 201

aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Becherer ...........ceeeeeeee 205

AMMISOP OY NT KOZ ca oisccsses: sins vrysin eae en oes tnt 1s)

Val: CLONAL MEU. voiiinsciens osinnsien diese noverers 177

SC Cie] Oe AL 101 Set: Ss ect een OE os NE 177

ANISOPIYI UM SCASU SH sg occssts2 seis 52% sired nosso di neice slow TE:

GUILIN Oe.) BOT. <1 srezd siren cn gnc srcseonn ee pee 83

OUGUTUTTI ARAN” ited ss, Pelee a oreew dite meal niek OM 199

aspidioides Schicchtd., 6.0.2. iia ha Bee 223

CUPICMIAHIM SENSU OM, ....505,+c1000. Dee law sheers 193

DIPINNATUI SUSU SIM. figck sel eew cae veces netenes 195

blastophorunt Hier ones Wes cess Ugh ee done 201

boltonii Hook. ex Schelpe .i.cccccscsccacsnescevescees 17

DF ACIIVGHUS KWDZE. - 4c 05.0 55) sawains secs sage sts sd atemmeniee 191

COVEN OCI Vics o> i unis ose Nt cole Rie eat oie 206

CHTISHICHORs xian: sehet. AeA. Mean 175

concinnum (Schrad.) Kuhn ...........ccceeeeeeceeeees 195

Cordatum (Rud .) SWaltZ .00. 5c. ise ccenes «veneers 206

cuneatum Var. ANgUStAtUM SIM ........... cence ees 203

var. splendens (Kunze) Sim ...6 coca. See aewes 201

CUREGTIIN SENSUIS WW peas oneness ed ae 201

dentatum Krauss ex Pappe & Raws. ............004 187

discolor Pappe So RaWS: shiusici.s.cscadih. cake tees 179

GLE SCANUIN KUNZE. vsicrisieccvisaseeeetrvevdecserdecens 193

SOCHIME BORER WING G25 viagee te veenswr denen cen eeene 190

var. brachyotus (Kunze) Sim .............0.e eee 191

WOE CLO CUUOY saa iscasencncdncalaorcees tex tetew wma sicuaete 190

var. gracile (Pappe & Raws.) Tardieu-Blot ..... 198

var. lobatum (Pappe & Raws.) Alston &

SOE] Pe ai creccvig deveaiine’. cassis au pen nes ck See 198

var. lunulatum (Swartz) Sim ..........ecceeeeeenes 190

Wal AMOK SUG s scoured sil axel cee ee 190

var. usambarense (Hieron.) Schelpe ............. 190

var. zeyheri (Pappe & Raws.)T. Moore ........ 191

alcatel THUR, Geena ess uecraethacagiacooye sateen 190

UST OLE. \5a.ksa esa a sah ores naseiins ettat Naa pagina 205

TURD PUAUT AUER. ps cs0n tae saute navn Seehnuoannneane 198

K POMOSUM SCHAG sles vets 0isan acl Eee wee eee’ 179

PICSIOFUETC -ERie iia iah te paineasnsestaass ean eee 181

PUPCOMM TNWDDs. ieceeaineednt ean wdanese iene RO 205

gemmiferim.ScHIAd..c.vecsersvarannterwaret 179, 181

var. discolor (Pappe & Raws.) Sim .............. 179

var. flexuosum (Schrad.) Sim .......... ec eeee ee ees 179

Vat: JOCIRIGHIAE WIE aes veavesmien vanes ategs 179

gracile Pappe RAW Ss cs cksssivecvernvas tes sacsceaes 198

gueinzianum Mett.

hollandii (Sim) CoChr i. sacavat cdl jn. cena kos eee 197 var. angustatum (Sim) C. Chr. .............s0000 203

hypomelas Kuhn 006. <0s:5s0cs<sevsmiptea Re nderteain 197 X A. ramlowii Braithwaite ................sceseee. 203

inaequilaterale Willd. .........ssessccccsceeeseeesenees 191 stoloniferum BOry .........ccccecssesseeesessessreeees 187

alee a Rei ye ene iat Pabulsre SOMA... 1esssseesssnsves cote eee 199

GussiiT. Mooreex HOOK. ais cscssstesccsanenetenes . :

laetum var. brachyotus (Kunze) Bonap. ........... 191 gc peinrt asae ) Schelpe Cie ates

IACHIISCTISW SIND eon on aeac nin sesiencssaeie sean sees 191 he cE een ean oe Narr picid

laxum (Pappe & Raws. ) Kahin ss, oe 223 theciferum sensu: Sim icsiskin shire eee 195

leptophyllum (L.) Swattz. ......cscccscsseseseeeeeeeee 93 thunbergii sensu Alston & Schelpe ............. ve 193

lividum Mett. ex Kuhn ...ccccccccccccsccscssscscseeees 205 trichomanes L.......ssccseseesserrerrrerreeeeeeeeeens 187

lobatum Pappe & RaWS. ..........cscseseeseeees 197, 198 usambarense (Hieron.) Hieron. ................0000. 190

var. pseudo-abyssinicum N. C. Anthony & varians Wall. ex Hook. & Grev. ..... Re sebaen 198

SCHON DG cncicniaaiesaosadnnnnatledcnumaubh bomen breds 198 subsp. fimbriatum (Kunze) Schelpe .............. 198

lucidum Burm. £. ......sesessesteesseseeseseneeeseees 199 VAPIAHS SENSU'SUN <<, vye0seo104 doses saunpernaelie 198

ener feu Pg os ance wei i ZANZIDATICUIN BAK. ...0.400.sc00s0+sa0e0rsdeaveun deena P|

AIUTATUNT DWOTEZ occ cs ne cnse ssiciseaen cise ends sinaienes ‘

var. erectum (Bory ex Willd.) Sim .............. 190 Zeynert Pappe & RAWS. «0» asisncatecodenanensepuenas 191

var. gracile (Pappe & Raws.)Sim ............0.. 198 PE YRIGCEAR cn. tirevsnnsssncarsionannccnss Detetnontieeee 221

ia ON eaten Tapa 190 Athyriopsis japonicum (Thunb.) Ching ................ 225

var. zeyheri (Pappe & Raws. ) Sita’ eee. 8 191

RACH Le. scicvcaasodoncnss RR nO ee 173 ATHYRIUMROth ........sesseceesteeeettseeneteeeneneeens 221

manorial Pieroni (3..i¥iecs. damdak osha 199 aspidioides (Schlechtd.) Christ ..............:000068. 223

pmoncntiienstiin Li. ics sie sabsdewars So cesindeaeeenaeen te 189 boryanum (Willd.) Tagawa .............cceseeeeeeees 229

MPOTIANINES bos cn.csis ccc sc0nessseaareete savaemanuas aneabs 189 filix-femina (L.) ROW sc... eceesicaniees ciadesnebyyer’s 221

MONIT SOriuM DOMIN 2...05065 660} eis case sce ceingennih's 185 fragile (Spree sess + vaekhuasediveiver seated 229

WU OrMe PASS. Feeds oh oyed ebsaedipesypinaich sent obs 203 japonicum (Thunb.) Copeland ..........ccccceeeees 925

PALE RUE asin crane cin Sepeanpiianns resend ee 190 laxum Pappe & RaWS. ....cccccssesecscsceeesseceenees 223

RIRPESCENS RUNING: 3. 00. tcseascsns sa sennsesciepinr ts onesies 197 Christ 225

PGRBER TT. BAOOIE 55010563405 }0i03 Sieve reese ee oe 198 Be eee

Plantagineum Lo. oie is ree. 221 scandicinum (Willd.) Presl ........sssseseseseseees 223

platyncuron (L2) Oakes Giieaiccs ss Mee 189 schimperi Moug. €x Fee .......ssessessersereeseee, 223

Praemorsum SENSU SIM 4.22... seeeeereereeereetees 205. RZOLLACHAE -)<icceczsciatxoretvenstt tenure 67

preussii Hieron. ex Brause .........scecsceesecevevees 193

subsp. austroafricanum Seti beeen hs Mitre 2 193 AZOLLA ETE aididosss seine Saaawedeianladseaanaatse eee 67

RIGQNICS KUNZE - cciescnasiesvviscnaassoeeradeasancgumied 175 africana DESV. ossseessseesesesseseneesesessesenetsenens 68

protensum Schrad. ...........+5. ER Oe 181 nae ara AE Os eee ene eet alviny =

pseudoauriculatum Schelpe ..............csceeeeeeees 193 he ae ee

radiatum Koenig ex SwartZ ...........ccsceeseneeeees 148 Vat. africana (Desv.) Bak. .+.+srerncererenene 68

VOGUIUEET SWAUNE, 5 0 uss. in ks'sa vse revs csoliter sae nigpueaeie 148 Bernhardia capensis K. Muell. ............:.00seeeee ]

FAMIOWI TATA WANE oor oi sts Sus dvn'v's veces ems 203 BP BCHINACEAB oe cssauzcasiess epensinend ravnasasaechenaas 265

VAWSOTUTBAR | vcsisccsdsiaennseonins ee oe, ee 199 Blechnopteris australis (L.) Trevisan .............0..+- 973

rutifolium (Berg.) Kunze .........cceceeeeeeeees 181, 195 punctulata (Swartz) Trevisan ......0..ccc0ccceceeees 275

sander Hogk Sa oe ay MMe ined Oe ene ole PERCHES fy yerrs i ciaaeansnria avis invent hase 267

scandicinum (Willd.) Heller ............cccceeceeeees 223 atherstonei Pappe & RAWS. .......ccscsscsesessessee 275

sche] pet Bratnwaite es sins sainananie vesansmediyecha’s 203 attenuatum (Swartz) Mett. ......e.ecsscecsecsescseees 269

schimperi (Moug. ex Fée) A. Br. .............00008. en var. giganteum (Kaulf.) Bonap. ..............+- 269

serra vat. natalense Bak. ............0ssserseseseseees 181 attenuatum sensu Sim .........0.cseseeseceeeeeteeee 269

S€rrQ SENSU SUM o...seseeeseseeeeseeeeeseeteenenee es 185 GUAT a teas ass aisnt uesssten cass cer oad 273

simii Braithwaite & Schelpe .........csccscececneees 203 var. aberrans N. C. Anthony & Schelpe ......... 273

MOMAUIETCONZO s0:s05':2neagig ia aman ede vide ha cake 201 WARANGAL. ois fl erccaxect toe en 273

sphenolobium var. usambarense Hieron. .......... 190 forma glanduliferum Schelpe .............0scee00 273

BIONGENS KUNZE .1<ivcinuses schon sey tanyetvnd wens 201 CADCRSC BUNNY. cccscsccccsiicrshiavuw eae 269

subsp. drakensbergense Braithwaite an, aia 203 capense (L,.) Schlecht ssc.ciiines chin 269

subsn APlOndens cresnnci i Ruaecermies Wie 201 cycadoides (Pappe & Raws.) Kuhn ................. 271

subsp. splendens X A. scduadeite subsp. dalgairnsiae (Pappe & Raws.) Kuhn ............... 271

drakensbergense .....ccsssssssscccssesseeneeneans 203 giganteum (Kaulf.) Schlechtd. ...............00000e 269

282

heterophyllum (Desv.) Schlechtd. ..............006 269

inflexum (Kunze) KURN .........cccccceccenveceeenees 267

OCCUDCIINE T oc ei eh es po58 eses edo 5 1 BE 267

punctulatum Swart2 .......c.cecsceeeeees Dice wi high a Sak 213

var. atherstonei (Pappe & Raws.) Sim .........+ 219

War. IntermediUNY Sis”... sansere s+ acess temvaiw 28 27]

var. krebsii (Kunze) Sim ............ sheesamaradee 4 |

VAL. PUN CHULA: rxsiigahy rh se slieheally Lhatans Aha tees Zi

radiatum (Koenig ex Swartz) Presl .............606. 148

VISIQUIN SWORZ, cic c5< 0 -geantused RES LAIR 219

PSVIVATICIIN SCHEIDS 2. swacsed dy. dasteh al analks gdh 269

tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn ......ccccccccccesscecseseeeees 271

BLOTIELLA Ti VOM casa iaovectrastitateatss tees. eee i 81

PIADIA (ORY) LIVON’ sis ioct ik ibciadsecssstaecesnneces 81

natalensis (HOOK.) TrYON .......sccscenceseccencenees 81

BOBS SCROM bis ediesashevrsgvasasrreotubsaraum re eres 239

heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) Alston ...... uses TATEN 239

serratifolia (Mertens ex Kaulf.) Schott ............. 239

* Caenopteris rutifolium Berg. .......ccsccseceeeeeseeeens 195

-Calamaria aequinoctialis (Welw. ex A. Br.) Kuntze 27

natalensis (Bak:) KUMIZE oe crea ence es 28

schweinfurthii (A. Br. in Bak.) Kuntze ............. 28

welwitschii (A. Br. ex Kuhn) Kuntze ............... 28

Calymella polypodioides (L.) Ching ...........:.csse0s 47

Campium heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) Copel. ............ 239

Cassebeera auriculata (Thunb.)J.Sm. ...... 5 PRS 123

VOASUGEA CLG TN Pe Me nine 44.0) svn woe vate anes cn Pega cuties 123

PACT OIACE LG, PRTCRD i sie vsre rons sora vith ed nielddolmannvins 141

cornuta sensu W. B.G. Jacobsen ..............0006 95

thalictroides (L.) Brongn. .......ccecseceescesceveeees 95

Ceropteris argentea (Willd.) Kuhn ..............00008 97

Calomelanos SENSU SIM. .........sccececeeeseeeeeseeens oS

Ih oiiinii icq tad saplaws vncavenino rede Babee 173, 206

CAPENSE KUNZE ....0scesiernnsdiccceresesvsecrecevenseees 206

cordatum (Thunb.) DeSV. ...ccsccssccenceesceeneeeeees 206

var. capense (Spreng. ex Kaulf.) Kumm. ....... 206

- var. namaquensis (Pappe & Raws.) Sim ........ 206

var. pinnatifidurn Sim ..........csccsecseseseneeeens 206

APACE SON es, iN e ies, wang co acing Latin insem'e vhashibied ts 206

OMI By SRG ds 5p'0 74 bch IW eeninng nnn rei 206

pozoi (Lagasca) A. Br. ex Milde ...............0606. 213

CHEILANTHES Swartz .......0cseceeeeues Be ogeate tlieast 111

BHINFISCH ONG BOMECIIG. (yucecssesscoes. tau yphiy Ate 87

Caper gd Rael, aiid sc creed cous ena a aaa 87

ATCT MONET TAO a i dinsie dec ces i peed «sta aslevens BONE 135

auriculata (Thunb.) Link ........... rn mee eee 123

Wereidtia SCH CHA. sisi s. wines de apenas oa ewes 139

POLS DAK. Vis creer 0 eal Bs artes aa ake 137

botswanae Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ..........000+ 127

capensis (Thunb.) Swartz .....ccccsccecsecsceeesceeees 124

COMMUIAHA KUNZE so586. 52285) iain ses tiwe cose 87

concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.)R. & A.Tryon ....... 140

contracta (Kunze) Mett. ex Kuhn «........ccceeceeees 119

COCHIN ses aia sc afepainssn tS aN a sisiobonnenceme 128

CMON CAIs ala oss potion psd bw woleeSieheanibmeiesietas 125

Gepauperata Bak. cies chicos ds Hen iwunde he downtowns 119

depauperata Bak. X C. contracta (Kunze) Mett.

ex Kuhn ..... voslccedlD sr calbenias RR Me. Oe tree 119

CURT BIGUSE 5 cissiesni.anduninisss tO Rae Mae eee 139

dolomiticola (Schelpe) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony . 127

eckloniana (Kunze) Mett. ........ccccscccsocceeccesees 115

CLOTGNIRUNZ Or EPROM, sch suowarengsb coese neaarasiens 139

PCETIE RETO, 6) | ett Saag Oe Oe 135

HBCONG POMS no teicase uhsotrea ain nines dle sata sng sab 53

glandulosa Pappe & Raws. ........scecesseeeseeenees 121

Dastatanl Lf PA WAZ wo... nes neces same davhawele mamas st 123

Var..Canonica KUGZe sie P: is Santee Lave. B es!

var. macrophylla KUNZE ..........ceceseeseeneenees 131

Varn. MELICUIGIG SCHEINE 0.5. ssavscor eee keke 124

var. stenophylla Kunze .........cccccceeeeeeeeeeees 131

forma normalis KUMZe ..........c.scesseceeeeeeeees 128

NTE CCH 1 iam Sone i RE Oe 111, 121

MAE COMIMGGCHS IKGNZ i iic. 5.6 000 cue ae te stagnant sional 119

WAL. INEPMCGIA KUNZE a sie seu e630 anim autelio's sarevinas 121

VARs MOREL marnccan Miacinia cscs ncghingiale Se bGt 121

var. parviloba (Swartz) Kunze ..........0scee0es 117

hyaloglandulosa W. B.G. & N. Jacobsen ......... 111

- inaequalis (Kunze) Mett. .........csccececeseeees 115, 207

var. buchananii (Bak.) Schelpe ..........scssee008 116

Varwinacqualis- Ane ccssg acca: 116

AOA AUR GRIT e oS eNOS WATS ab osc anna araecnes 117

involuta (Swartz) Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ....... 128

MAP AMVOLMEA LoleeteStiie Mags felesee cates bausneaets 128

var. obscura (N.C. Anthony)N.C. Anthony ... 129

[IA 91 9 (00) emer MEE pre eRe Cpae aby | Seer an ery I a 140

PORN eed Ee nn thee ee peor vate tiedice 124

HneGTIS Ty AMOORe Sieh iat Mieke each mneneneite 135

macrophylla (Kunze) Kunze ......csccccceseeesseeees 131

marlothii (Hieron.) Schelpe .........ccecseseceneseees 113

MUCPOPNATIS SWAN oe iGNin censors on ieheh cevnigcs e450 111

miultifidat Swartz) SWOPE 1. in es ene acssinn teen's 135

subsp. lacerata N.C. Anthony & Schelpe ....... 137

SUDSO PII fs riidisiinactreyons moana burt eink. 135

MOUTON TRONS sie adtgsdpsanynctenern cages 137

namaquensis (Bak.) Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ..... 127

nielsit W BG: JacODSen: a6 eiieas iiss eb aene 121

parviloba (Swartz) SWArtzZ ......ccscececseneeeneeeees 117

pentagona Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ..........000066 137

practexta Kaulf. Sac eau Rien oes RN Eee 124

profusa var. minor KUNZ ..........cccecene eee neenees 125

pleroides(L. VSWANE i... lis cho: AOR le 141

quadripinnata (Forssk.) KUAn .........cscscececeeeees 133

- rawsonii (Pappe) Mett. ex Kuhn ..........ccccce00e0. 113

refracta Pappe & Raws. ........cscscececseeves ae 135,

tobusta( Kunze) PAHO) a.c0cctd ARE IO 123

SPATSISOPG SCD AGs sci noninn dunes le AULA 87

triangula Kunze < G:,\nw eee. aoe 133

Viridis (FOrssk:) SWAMZ ious hd Bicdch cerns 129

var. glauca (Sim) Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ..... 133

var. macrophylla (Kunze) Schelpe & N. C. An-

OL ae Eee Sc, ee ee ee 131

var. obscuraN.C. Anthony ............ccceeeeees 129

C1, 6 Rane le A en ae Pee oe AR 129

Choristosoria Mett. ex Kuhn ...........cecscecececeeses 143:

pteroides (L.) Mett. ex Kuhn .................0c00008 141

Christella altissima Holttum .............cccccceceeeeees 214

chaseana (Schelpe) Holttum ................ceceseeee 215

dentata (Forssk.) Holttum ...............ccsceceeseees 215

gueinziana (Mett.) Holttum ................ceeceeeees 217

Chrysodium aureum (L.) Mett. ........ccccecceceesecees 91

heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) Kuhn .................0ceeee 239

Chrysopteris phymatodes (L.) Fé€ .......sccccececeeoes 165

Cincinalis aquilina (L.) Gled. ex Trevisan ........... 83

cordata (Thunb;): Desvs 2l3.4..) 2 206

Colina caffrorum (L.) Greene ..2.......ccccecececeecees 53

Cormophyllum capense (L.f.) Newm. ...........06008 69

Cornopteris boryana (Wilid.) Tardieu-Blot .......... 229

Cryptogramma robusta (Kunze) Pappe & Raws. .... 123

CTENITIS (C. Chr.) C. Chr. ex Tardieu-Blot ......... 264

DOTVARG (WUC CODE. seecrerceisdernertesvacshevers 229

lanuginosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Copel. ..........0.04. 264

submarginalis (Langsd. & Fisch.) Ching .......... 264

Ctenopteris vulgaris (L.) NEWM. ........0ecececeeeeees wo)

Ta Me ACA” 6 J, ..0e aces aan ee 68

SVC EE a): le eg on ene ace a 69

Te ed Wii cies): ( Se ee a A Econ 69

aN” echo r atts rote: 1a, eee ene 69

GOPCRSIS 97. OI... :iesiasisgs.k 69

GCE Rwtee 2 ices eee: 69, 167

fag PE ine asics eh end 229

er el eet eet keen, & eaten iD

Cyclophorus africanus (Kunze) C. Chr. .......40e.:5- 155

schimperianus (Mett. ex Kuhn) C. Chr., as schim-

VETORUS yes svn cannianscant RY eee | eed, 155.

Cyclopteris fragilis (L.) Gtay ......000ccicccscececeveces 229

Cyclosorus dentatus (Forssk.) Ching .............. prvi 3

goggilodus (Schkuhr) Link ..................0c0c8e0s eet

interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito ........ cece cece ec eeeee ees 209

madagascariensis (Fée) Ching ................00008 209

PARES P CE) COpe nr, Meas Licee lee nbongae renee 209

proliferus (Retz.) Tardieu-Blot ex Tardieu-Blot &

alle es Ae tre as hs, Crone gelenes op nat ieaes 220

silvaticus (Pappe & Raws.) Ching .................. 209

tottus (Thunb.) Pichi-Sermolli .................c0000. 209

Pt ag (Ry BO) 10) eee | ase 2 eT 209

CYRIOMIUMPresl.. wets, 2c. A A 251

caryotideum (Wail. ex Hook. & Grev.) Presl ...... 231

var. micropterum (Kunze) C. Chr. ...........666. 251

faleatum (Lf) PT CS. a.1. 15 nesses ARO encom oe

var. micropteris (Kunze) C. Chr. ..............6. 251

UCALGNE SEASIU IIL 4,.009:s500eassatuus OPP HERLa mee ities 251

micropterum (Kunze) Ching ................0ceeeeee 251

Cystea frags tL) SOOM. ccsgag nesses 229

CYSTOPTERIS BEFAR) 6.555 daxgnath dae es ee 229

Mags (LD RCAR.... sac cmpanactivetetrentee wee 229

scandicina (Willd.) Desv. ............scceecceceseues 223

DAV ALLIACEBAE: 20. ccscncc SU eee 167

VAN PITA ets Eee ea cad ee 171

COMP VIOD Tera RUBLE hos. ola sear ta ete nig ng cee ae 195

canariensts (5) ICE. SM. ose sate seo tian ciaeenct es 171

chaerophylloides (Poir.) Steud. ............... 171, 173

CONCINNA OCIA, Mar cavessicc tars eth en crenata ant 195

denticulata var. intermedia Mett. ex Kuhn ........ 173

holland Sim Vea a ae 197

WIGPESCOMS TOOK, 2 ccteccenscxsseg ts Oe ee ee

PURE TUNIS |v bioccdecdiccis dekolte SR ae 173

Speluncde (LV Bak... SORA eee 85

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE 9 70.ic.s...cseseancssonds carte 79

Deparia boryana (Willd.) M. Kato ..................4. 229

japonica (Thunb.) M. Kato .............ccceceeee eee 220

Dicksonia polypodioides SwattZ ................0.ececees 85

Dicranodium leptophyllum (L.) Newm. ............... 93

DIGRANOPTERIS BOTAN, isivecascsdsnestatagoncgnvmass ast 48

dichotoma (Thunb.) Bernh. ............ I a art ae 48

linearis (Burm.f) Underw. .......cccccececcecceceeees 49

DIDDY MOCHLAENA DG88 on desis cnrastenso Gi ivenevannans cums 243

SE ON oe stant an pie asians ied wh alae ek ami 243

THELIST, | EY, Ss cass cscs car eccgscecewsarecis 243

sinuosa Desv. ..........05: SL et re 243

truncatula (Swartz) J. Sim. ci cccccieiee hike 243

Didymoglossum robinsonii (Hook. ex Bak.) Copel. . 73

ely BC AL AE. BC la 7 ai rie peaibenebenbet, 5 lutlilinentrrer: 227

japonicum (Thunb.) Bedd. .................. Sit cern 225

plantagineum (L.) Swartz ........ al ee A a 227

zanzibaricum (Bak.) C. Chr. ......ccccecceeneeees cee 44

Dervapieris TSM. ini caricainsardteeouadeaee men 111

concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuhn ...........:.064. 140

var. kirkii (Hook.) R.E. Fr. .......... tess aol 140

var. nicklesii (Tardieu-Blot) Schelpe ............ 140

deltoidea (Kunze) Diels 00.0... ccd i cssansueeans +25

284

WA TAXA GARE haces Vechten conan sich uosdtaoemanne 125

kirkii (Hook.) AISton ...........ssesssccscsscssceceees 140

nicklesii Tardieu-Blot ............sccsccescesccesceeees 140

robusta (Kunze) Diels ..........csscescsseeesesscesees 123

Drymoglossum acrostichoides (Hook. & Grev.) T.

1 Fo; eM 28 TS eek an gn) on Re ARS eee UE 237

Drynaria excavata (Bory ex Willd.) Fée ............0+ 161

lepidota (Willd. ex Schlechtd.)-Fée .................. 160

macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Fée ...............s0006 160

DRYOATHYRIUM CHINg .........0cscecscvecncececeeencnens 227

boryanum (Willd.) Ching ........cccsccccsseerees 227, 229

DRYOPTERIDACEAE, cisiissscosavssssacescsectsotes 240

DDRYVOPTERIS AGONS.. 2a ..ecnsingilee ieasea se ewan 245

adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Kunze ..............ssceeee 261

africana (Desv.)C. Chr. ...scscccccesescscscseeeseves 213

athamantica (Kunze) Kuntze ........0ccsccsccesceeccees 247

bergiana (Schlechtd.) Kuntze ................00065 219

boryana (Willd.) C. Chr. ........sccccececeeseneeeeeen — 229

buchananii (Bak.) Kuntze ............scccssceeseeeeees 245

COOLERS CCI acetic points iacnvensndinis ogaitls che te waar’ 249

Catoptera (Kunze) Kuntze .............ccseeseseeeeenes 264

crenata (Forssk.) Kuntze ..........cscsscescseeeseeeees 263

dentata (Forssk.) C. Chr. ........sccsccescescceseeees 215

dracomontana Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ............ 248

elongata SENSU SiM ...........scececeeseececeseees 247, 248

esterhuyseniae Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ........... 248

TEMAS Cis, ) SCBOU oa sin cies csvainneaisdeltebie’ dcloaie sla 245

FN desren thas uaivhnasicnsinannbaito Aten laee. Taam 259

gongylodes (Schkuhr) Kuntze .............ssssceceeees 211

inaequalis (Schlechtd.) Kuntze ............cccccceenees 247

SILO CHATIG SEUSW SUM 65.00 ocerese sacs edenmeatnendno ese 248

kilemensis (Kuhn) Kuntze ..............ceeceeceseseees 249

lanuginosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.)C. Chr. ............. 264

longicuspis Bak.) CCR. cnciscccsseoscncsnesessones 214

madagascariensis (Fée) C. Chr. .........scececeeees 209

BARES SEU nce to sn.donswicie'ssisss'cnoign signee sisenees’ yA)

orientalis sensu Sim ....... EFT RE ee 170

PORT CR As6OT) CCE — ikie ns dv gssineninnesnsraeecs 247

var. montana (Kunze) Alston ..............eseeeees 248

DIORA CDE, ses ssinnussn aparonei'vcnonte 220

prolixa var. bergiana (Schlechtd.) Alston apud

BN er fsx ova nttde whe Aes: NO 219

pungens (Kaulf.) Kuntze ............csececeeeeseeeees 254

silvatica (Pappe & Raws.)C. Chr. ..........sseeeeee 209

squamiseta (HOOk.) KUNtze .........ceccscneescsecneees 245

thelypteris var. squamigera (Schlechtd.) C. Chr. 211

REL YDATIS BEDI SIMD: 0.0 Pies s cscs see Horeceos awe 211

ELAPHOGLOSSUM Schott ......ccccccsccccccccccccecesses 230

acrostichoides (Hook. & Grev.) Schelpe ........... 237

angustatum (Schrad.) Hieron. ...........000008 239; 237

aubertii (Desv.) T. MOOre ...c.cscessesceccsceeceeeees 231

conforme (Swartz) J. Sm. .....cccceseesesceeees 230, 235

var. latifolium Sim ........cccccccsssoseseecseseece 235

CONforme SENSU SIM ...........ccececesceeeeeeenenenes 239

drakensbergense Schelpe ..........cccscscsceesceeees 233

hybridum (Bory) Brack. .......cccecscecscececececees 231

macropodium (Fée) T. Moore ........ccecececceceees 233

petiolatum var. rupestre (Sim) Sim ..............+5. 235

petiolatum Sensu Sim ............cscecececscsceceeeees 237

spathulatum (Bory) T. Moore ..........ccececesceeses 233

BOISE TAC EAE vos csistsc's cavs ccsiin sie oonoay sais rethgietiotastetl 29

BQUISE TABS, ccciseescesnss satin ures eenooternecce 29

EOCISET OM isc toch RO Te at LR 29

GIVENSO eel. cick brs ac nodel ee gpea eee weak ees kaa 29

DUT CHOU NGUCIS 03 o.s5 acdsee decd eatrel ewer 29

PULLFOVINE NAQCI.. biel. hace i on curantnee shew 29

ramosissimum Desf. ..........scscececcececececeseeees 29

var. burchellii (Vauch.) Milde .................068. 29

PRUNDOT SU WAKE. 0. ossisn case sacanave seis rinaasasiens ays 29

Eupteris aquilina (L.) Newm. ............sccececeecenes 83

EL LO.”: Ce ne ee ee 39

Filix fragilis (L.) Umnderw. .........cccecececececeneeeees 229

Furcaria thalictroides (L.) Desv. ........scsececeeceess 95

GLEICHENIACEAE: -oacincnct Whelan llhan ae. 47

(SLEICHENTA dS St. Woe oedcacdncdeecs bob ase dens cant 47

AT COMICO IR ANUNE ess deteret os vio sta s on Gone Me 47

linearis (Burm.f.) Clarke .............ccccecceesceeeees 49

polypodioides (L.)J.E. SM. .....cccecscscseneeeeeees 47

umbraculifera (Kunze) T. Moore ........ceceeceesees 48

Goniopteris madagascariensis Fée ...........sceceeees 209

DROTONSEG 2. pdh 5. ano ee Terie 209

PVOLUSCTAT REZ.) PLOSh cecsssscoparcovsinsuasnaeeeauucleuicn 220

silvatica Pappe & Raws. ..........scscscsscecseeenenes 209

UAT CR me) ST. SIE ces estes cpentacvetess 209

Gonophlebium ensiforme (Thunb.) Fée ............... 165

GRAMMITIDACEAE ...........cccecceesssseseesecees 151

GRAMMITIS/S WGP? fv. ceisaccarseflivenaedts vuoi 151

capensis (Kunze) T. Moore ...............cecsceeees 206

cordata (Thunb.) Swartz cccccienccccieiceecdeeaces 206

flabelliformis (Poir.) Morton .............c.ceeeeeeees 152

lanceolata SWaitz +4.).) i ceoR el TA ee 156

leptophylla (L.) SwartZ ........cccecscececeeeneneeeees 93

marginella (Swartz) SWArtZ .......cccccececeneeceneees 151

poeppigiana (Mett.) Pichi-Sermolli .............066 152

potta (Schlecht...) Preshsiississ+ as snanieidccasesaedavenree 213

Gymnogramma argentea (Willd.) Mett.ex Kuhn ... 97

calomelanos var. aureoflava Hook. ................ 99

capensis Spreng. ex Kaulf.. ............ceceseseeeevees 206

conspersa Kunze ........... soins Soo CNR ARI 97

cordata (Thunb.) Schlechtd. ...............68. no tre 206

var. bipinnata Sim ...c....ccseeecsceeseessceseeeens 206

var. namaquensis (Pappe & Raws.) Sim ........ 206

var. subbipinnata HOOK. ............sceceeeeeecsees 206

lanceolata (Swartz) HOOK. ...........scessececeeeeees 156

leptophylla (L..) Desv... cba dl A ae 93

namaquensis Pappe & Raws. .........cececseeeeeeees 206

pozoi (Lagasca) Desv... ..s0.055. Se NwR Ma, 213

HOI OC DICCOUA. E50. ao cp athena ate aeoeaeenaya rests ot 213

ST ei CLs (2 il gD Vis te rats nr nan A Pa RO 209

Gymnopteris heudelotii Bory ex Fée ...............068 239

Gyrosorium africanum (Kunze) Pres] ..............66. 155

Hemionitis argentea Willd. ..........scscecssseceseeees 97

leptophylla (L.) Lagasca ..........cssssecssseseeeneees 93

POZOl CARAS 2 isio:iyes sis aren unin connie hinase dialer inldaues 213

DEOUSCTA RO. dise.cn sav bonsnmansesdcapunes aeaiuinnctiale 220

TROTLEUIGTRITAES 62 Servis sennnastrnviiinnniaaee om on eeent 69

capensis(Lf.)-Rawlh, sc tile cn wes 69

riparia (Willd.) Desv. .c.iseh ees teens 69

Hippochaete ramosissimum (Desf.) Boern. .......... 29

HISTIOPTERIS (Agardh) J. Sm. ...ccscscscscsssceseeenens 82

incisa (Thunb) J. SM: wccanteeeeeee 82

vespertilionis (Labill.) J. Sm. ....ccccccececeeeneeenes 82

Humata chaerophylloides (Poir.) Desv. .............4. 173

Huperzia gnidioides (L.f.) Rothm. ...............0.068 9

ophioglossoides (Lam.) Rothm. ..............0ss0008 9

saururus (Lam.) Rothm. ............cceceeeseeeceeees a

verticillata (L.f.) ROCHM. ..........0iscseseccersetonees 7

HY MENOPHYLLACEAE. «6 xo ssapsittinprandie vw denies 71

HYMENOPHYLLUM J.E. Sr. ....ccccccccsscesceecccveces 76

CAROISC SCHIGE: assessable ania Pee 78

POA GNU At cadena meacet Genceeaan ane T7

APE PAAGEI FICE sgcctusyisiasinadeeraseupisagald enews sh 78

PUINGTIOIGES SEDSE SIMD oso iccscvesnrsraarrseraneineda 78

I Ns sie sin w wh wg: eR a adnate a a tele 19

HUET O SONA LID ia wise sislcnsaih ete Baten Sty ea inniaig dbo 77

LEP Ge ECTS EE 0:1) eee ne ene eee 77

PROMOTE DIOS) ccse Recep weiner deareettiad Vetsivianus Vt

natalense Van den Bosch ..............cecececeeeeeees 78

peltatuin (POI?) Desy.. cicecsccsesrdamiletss Meera 77

POW ANOS SWAIZ 400 cssscvenaes idettah nade Os 79

var. kuhnii (C. Chr.) Schelpe ..........cccececeees 719

tabulare Van den Bosch ...........s.ccecseceeceeeees 78

thunbergii REKL. Cx PICS) isis esisses.cvevsrareoncens 78

tunbridgense (L.) J.E. Sm. as tunbrigense ...... 76, 78

UNCINATIIN SIM: iad as sce ReeAa, ARR 77

Zeyheri. Vanden Bosh: cvia..ustdaes inden Wes ¥ares 78

HYPODEMATIUM Kunze .......scscescscecescscssceseaees 263

crenatum (Forssk.) KURN .......ccsccccccsscsscseeeees 263

OUMESTLI TRUE ZE 3 i2e ica cte Gaiecete ws wsidiaoSteieanasons 263

FIVPOLEPIS BOTIN. sod duiescacasiveuldaccae Sonsunteree seca 87

GHERFISCHONG RTOS, | in). ba sreelee ae ae 87

aspera (Ka0ll.) Prest ssscces an. cede ee le 87

bergiana (Schlechtd.) Hook. ............csceceeeeeee 139

capensis (Thunb.) Hook. .............seseeeeeeeeeeees 124

sparsisora (Schrad.) Kuhn ........csceceseeseseseeeees 87

tenuifolia (G. Forst.) Bermh. ...............eeeeeeeees 87

Hypopeltis biserrata (Swartz) Bory ............seeee00 167

ISOETACEAE: sticcecs wi iiaciauePeincprne dee temoon 23

ISOBTAEES (siesta ae ae 23

SSOET ES bee ie Mita INRA ees neorgemal)

aequinoctialis Welw. ex A. Br. .....ccseseecnceseveees 23

alstonii Reed & Verde. ........scseceeceeeees ibis ihe 28

CADETS DEG ies onssrsinicm ny orien tes See anemia 23

VAL. CADENSS nce. ocpsnensorngiies Cansatirntuan ast 25

var. stephansenii (Duthie) Schelpe & N.C. An-

CRG csp is aac cagieeanv sian haeGaienasararauaiiie ts 25

CFONZOENSIS WANMOLP ..........cececervevevececeeeees 27

WEESTOW GRIMOND anv cncgs caw oes eens (gnceascaans Sig ant 28

LTS STT 1) 3 hal tee ERO ie DE DER rer BIG CEU Pe 23

NOIGIONSIS TRAM os cosy sn ceeas aris onveugegvinenntagnnesnes 28

MORTICTIONA VAP SOR fo css cceh eines snnnsiens sarupereeaets a

POD CSIANE AISON ~ oo. xcanassesestheceugsas sedentaacnsines 28

schweinfurthii A. Br. in Bak. ..........ccceeceeeneees 28

stellenbossiensis Duthie ..........cccscesessevessveees 27

Stephansenit Ute i vassagee cs csicesesssonenaroecess 25

transvaalensis Jermy & Schelpe ........sccececeeeees 25

welwitschii A. Br. ex Kuhn .........cccecesceneeeeeees 28

WOT d tI ince na bin ta a ccaccensieaanweeinmonieresmapsandt 27

Lastrea africana (Desv.) Ching ...........csceceseeeees 213

africata (Desy Copel. siscisssassia caveats 213

athamantica (Kunze) T. Moore ..............0seeeee 247

bergiana (Schlechtd.) T. Moore ...............0.068 219

boryana C(Wilid.) T. MOGre: sasissiccsvicssasianesinenne 229

buchananii Bak.) BEdG. cis ccicssceicsccsteevte van 245

catoptera (Kunze) Pappe & Raws. ............s0008 264

chaseana (Schelpe) Pichi-Sermolli ...............6. 215

eFenata (PORSSK.) BEGG. a sacicasenncs. cunmeadaneed 263

gueinziana (Mett.) T. Moore ...........ssseeeeveeees 217

inaequalis (Schlechtd.) Presl .............sceseeeeees 247

lanuginosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.)T. Moore ........... 264

longicuspis (Bak.) Pichi-Sermolli ...............008. 214

pentagona T. Moone iodine listens etetens 247

plant T.. MOO .6c00..asasd nag nermaet 247

pulchra (Bory ex Willd.) Presl

286

thelypteris var. squamigera res )Bedd. ... 211

totta (Schlechtd.) Ohiwi ............c:cccceeseeeeeeees 213

Lepidoneuron biserratum (Swartz) Fée ..........00068 167

Lepidotis cernua (L.) Beauv. ...........csceceeseceeseee 11

Punictlosa VAM.) Beauv, ooo. ciccccveccsssseceesees 9

PIER ABCBUN ois ons ckpdipsindnrrenetinne «toate BL. il

Lepisorus excavatus (Bory ex Willd.) Ching ......... 161

gueinzii (Mett.) Ching, as gueintzii ...........0.008 160

schraderi(Mett) Ching 2003...28 0 160

Leptochilus heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) C. Chr. ........ 239

Leptogramma africana (Desv.) Nakaiex Mori ....... 213

pozoi (Lagasca) Heywood .............ccscececenenees Z13

fonaSeniechtid:) J. Smo. 2 BRA 213

LINDSARACEAE, occsncetisieveverividersdcesee terete 440

LINDSAEA Dryand. apud J.E. SM. ...cccccccccececeeees 151

CSC SCG insipid naioibniee vvnckdcnke donee Ge 151

guianensis (Aubl.) Dryand. ...........sceceececeeeees 151

Lindsaya membranaced KunZe ...........0ceceveeeeeees 151

Litobrochia dura (Willd.) T. Moore ..............00008 143

INCISAER GUND PLES Ties een iiss cectaverackoss 82

Lomaria auriculata Desv. ........scscscsecensecenceneecs 27D

LCT AOE SY) 6111 ae eR Fee 273

CAPETRES IE J WG sie anu sinn «3400 ba ty -gagieninny Sripze 269

coriacea Schrad. ............ peat an atten A Bis 271

cycadoides Pappe & Raws. .......c.scecececseceeeees 271

dalgairnsiae Pappe & RAWS. .......ccccccececeeceeeee | 271

Gecipiens Pappe & RAWS. 2.6.00 -npeemends sovevenss 269

GLI. iE, | 2 IT er nee eee ee 275

discolor var. natalensis Bak. ..........sssceesceeeees 267

CEOS Sa ae ae SRO ae nT OY 275

RE TOM cot sapvnnytnn aie napebitenil VER micaaueea 269

UCU IOUR OR FOC toca s.ses Srisipeininnts saniorpueamnrs 271

DEE Te NNN prey ss nei Sansucigeitie Ne cnis cnet.» sg ridedimarting 269

EIQ ND IIOSY . o isinascrasces cave ns nse epashestncumus 269

SEI, SINT het EO ETERS ME TA 267

meyeriana KUNZE, AS MEYETANA ...... ccc eceecesenees 278

PATE, PA he eon ea eee vee cee ad

Punta BIG: vii SAT oan le 269

- punctulata (Swattz) Kunze ............0cecscecscecees 275

var. atherstonei (Pappe & Raws.) Sim .......... 275

var..krebsit (Kunze) Sim. ois icc ceel see ccc cece Zl

TECIGANO WAT) PEE: Peer ee 219

tabularis (Thunb.) Mett. ex Bak. .................0. ~ 271

NGM IEA 05 saa teidise sang tty cbs i dares ten veraces | 218

Lomariobotrys meyeriana (Kunze) Fée, as meyerana 278

_ benuifolia (Desv.) FEE .,.....0sereecccennnnes a barboayed 278

LOMARIOPSIDACEAE were nae Shakes 25 ton megs 230

Lomariopsis tenuifolia (Desv.) Christ «:..........00c00e8: 278

Lonchitis caffrorum (L.) Berl. .........cccceceecessee 53

SOMEDAY. is eastt,. Me PAS es wR 81

natalensis Hook.

pubescens sensu

CC OCCCCEEHOHELECOHOEECHHEOOHEHEFEHOSEHEHADHOEHE

AUG, isd crc nrciciainaeee.s Se ee

BICROCIN AIRY SG FEC ee sos <5 AR OS 1

GO tails e POUSE 6 haste os. ysny<s 8S WET TO

LOXOGRAMME ( Blume PP RES m8 3c Amica. 58

lanceolata (Swartz) Presl .....cscccccsscceeccnncsecens

Loxoscaphe concinnum (Schrad.) T. Moore ..........

nigrescens (Hook.) T. Moore ..............sceeeesees

theciferum var. concinnum (Schrad.) C. Chr. .....

LUNATHYRIUM Ko

0A | a A ee) Ae

acrostichoides (Swartz) Ching ..........sceseeeceeeee

japonicum (Thunb.) Kurata® 00... ...scsceeceeeeeees

pycnosorum (Christ) Koidzumi .............cceeeeees

LYCOPODIACEAE .......cseceseesscseeeeeeeeeeeeeeens

EY COPODTAUG, cciiincercaicccedencsne crs cmervenspe

Lycopeodioides pygmaeum (Kaulf.) Kuntze ..........

LYCOPODIOMIES So cehecs cssoiendrtadseccened sa coguipess

bryoides Kaulf.

. carolinianum L.

O9FFTHHHCHOTHHHOECHOHRHFHSHEHOTGEOCHOHHOOHEBEOOCAHEOA

CHHOCHCOEAFOCCHAOECHOHHEH OHH HEHE OTREOHSOHSHOHHBROHY

WAT CARO MIRED, —ooss:5:0-a¢/s.srvi0rs:s-0:e-sienie-s vin letinaln Gane

var. grandifol

WOR SDTING. 5.01: Bee dik 3 s2bake

CATOLINIAHUM SENSU SiM .........cccceseccccvsvesceces

GPUS ET Se 1S etal ote et nF el one le CO ee Tn eA

law SUT oaetes not tag etscaatieascsoniiaseie tae

var. inflexum

(Beauv.) Spring’. inte.) 22a

var. natalense NeSsel .......ccececccccneccccccecees

complanatum L.

COCCEEHROCHOHHAHEHOCHEOBEHHEOHEHHOHHOOH OCHO MOD

subsp. zanclophyllum (Wilce) Schelpe ..........

MAETVONOICES BOK vies kas cnsless covssn herd dowetouske

GICCA ATOR ise esisn SRE link

CFICCIOF ION SOME, os ead i eee ero

Pa Se lifOritie: SCHIGG cso cisinn ease Sle’ <sems Rv coaeas

FUICIOSHOE OTN. ace sscice son qpodiaeie dy Peas

gnidioides L.f.

C#CCHTCHHOF OCH CHOCO EEE HOHE HOHTAHTOHEHOHHOOHE ECR EEHE

var. pinifolium (Kaulf.) Pappe & Raws. ........

URDTICANIM FOTSSK.., nsinns's00 bes sta sebek aes

inflexum (Beauv.) SwartZ .......sscecsssceseeceeeeees

KIGUSSIONG TONE: (56.0) dalek cdots sa surges

TEAR re eas ieee a sy etise idiaso 15 4 $y cTa gaa aoe

ophioglossoides

on ete Me Rt | oon me he

DING OORT. (scien Berea eelgkerases

priniliont SOMCCHEL, - OITA ican nee agaarnantinaniane

var. bryoides

var. pygmaeu

(Kaulf,):Schlechtd: oo. i... ssc00.s

m (Kaulf.) Schlechtd. ..............

pygmacum Kaul. cheeses: ere thalhs

SOUrIS LAM 2550565 se on PR ie OE ae

secundum K. Wael mssisesig crs ee eee

» gelaginoides (L.

Verticiianime Lf. acs Pa atie Ptah nee tae Be

zanclophyllum Wilce ............ ADR TN CSTR

LYGODIUM Swartz

kerstenii Kuhn

CoereeereceerooeresHeeeeoeoreeceoCeeeeeeeoeeosooee

COeCe CEH ALOE EO OHOHOHOHOOAHGETHESCOLOTEREEHEOOD

microphyllunt (Cav) RvB. vncinasavnnssdterermanee 55

SCANACTIS LD SWATED x scanr cncnenas Spied nheeemones 55

SCONGEHS SEDSUSIMD . dpinasinnninenvancuinspgensaa tenderers 56

MACROTHELYPTERIS (H. Ito) Ching ....cccccccseeeeee 219

oligophlebia (Bak.) Ching .........ccsceeseeeneeceres 219

torresiana: (Gatid:) CHIR eons aus Lea tper essen es 219

MARATTIACEAE ............. sian tiie Gidetswiaaltakatna 37

MARATTIALES 0006s Aes cess oot eete oem sign, 37

WEAR ATUIA SWOlEE. oohcdedaccspenceray POR ee mT

PAOD SWOPE. bsitesvsesennciiendh VRQRRR D> ee ek ome 37

GPRCUNE EXPEL ovo caues ae nagecoreiasmegieet tls neas oe

Praxifica J.B. OM. OX. SF. GUMEL,. pacancvsvscsacesyecn 37

var. salicifolia (Schrad.)C.CRP. cicciccccccsscees 37

WOAUICE SCOSU OUD occ. azicnvasesianvennanscur oPeimeeten 37

RACGLCHSIS PICS... accaccsnnsssccsc cate ea Oa ee a

SOLICHONG SCAIAG. .. snieinsennaesRe aeedawes fA SS 37

Marginaria ensiformis (Thunb.) Pres] .............665 165

RSAC EAE, sis cis soicanio prin Sty iis oy cos inci cilcedas 56

NEARSTURALL ousting kh. Abd Ce eee Gt 57

desvptiaca Willd oo wigivsan isGinks psaceledad Pe od 61.

Apnosita Laurent .«+.stae Maes we da stains FO 63

tloba WAG. oss ssrcitiesnwness'a Repeats Same eR OR 65

burchellii (Kunze) Ac BP oc sesn1e ea 65

PAPENSIS A. BI). Siesnnrscenenexen yqnm sebieepe kamen . 64

COMCHSIS SENSUTEVIES. 4 ocicnnssvnrcies cclavedomar ee 63

eoromandelina Wid. .acieisiyssdanddien sia tbeatone LO 59

ISEOItA Ay, Bei ice vice cdia Shade catasaiacs'c dea Aecaee Gee 59

CGE Pic TRUM gin ys eantenn's sca Reece aamnte ed 62

ephippiocarpa Alston ........... it) allngaeaet oo 60

farinose LOunert 4 i+s.cdegheesd Loe eee 61

Fonestvata LAURCEE iaccsshcees sn recaess AER 61

MIGCTOCATOA PCS! ava c acctnsinscessx ghar Steamers eee 62

Var. biloba (WV ld...) SU. sascenee > cxbede stiuh seme 65

var. burchellii (Kunze) Sim ............ iy cake 65

Var. COpensis sensu Si. - aida. verted} aRiaaes 63

SNA Toe i cedoeivallativiows reaaabain es Men pera 60

WOtQUGA 5. kc sisa-yan siediiceanaradancaieeiastie tele 67

BBCSO, vices aansandeeavenckcess HGR oven dabei 57

GUARTEOUG Vig o-s3.0000804taet oy i SARE OR DRA aT

Var: Purchellii Kunze io0.ss) ok Lee ee 65

GOC1C808 TAUNTS ocaaccansressrecssesieresPeea cals 63

PICROCATNG ATCO a. iii nissdecss,s Gee es 59

WiNICOUMNIS EAUNEI oi ieci sacs Ae Oe 62

WEG] GUROhEs viciissa cape eas SS 64

villifolia Brem. & Oberm. ex Alston & Schelpe ... 63

villosa Burch. ex Brem. & Oberm. ............0008 64

Mecodium kuhnii (C. Chr.) Copel. ..............cceeee 79

Meniscium proliferum (Retz.) Swartz .........0..0000 220

Mertensia linearis (Burm.f.) Fritsch ...............0068 49

ummDPaciiitera KUNZe ici bees y+shassatrrrsrracsecinnees 48

Mesothema australe (L.) Pres] ..........ccssceeseeeeeees 273

punctulata (Swartz) Presl ...........cccessesssteneeees 275

rigidum (Swartz) Pres .......ccccccecsessecsesesereees 27)

MICROGRAMMAPTOS (occ ioliccnsceancesce sonse dn denite 162

lyconodioides (L.) Copel. \:2dcsirisctiecdsssteewen ens 162

persicariaefolia (Schrad.) Pres] ..........scseseeeees 162

WMICROUEPIA Preset a2 en a ae ae 85

polypodioides (Swartz) Presl .......ccccecseecsenenss 85

spencer (1) F. WMOOFE “is coicctitcnsaes te ean’ 85

Microschizaea tenella (Kaulf.) Reed ........000.cc000s 51

MICROSORIUM DIA 5 oss co oncietea sath ek Gameoneas 162

ensiforme (Thunb.) Schelpe ........cccccecceesevevees 165

irregulare Link ............. saan cls tind dec EE OE 162

pappei (Mett. ex Kuhn) Tardieu-Blot .............+. 163

punctatiin (2.2) Copel.” Gaths-besssaaecenapagnonsames 163

scandens (G. Forst.) Tindale* .............0.0000066. 167

scolopendrium (Burm.f.) Copel. .......c..000 165, 167

MGHRIAS WARER® seicacdeesccienstey ire ce ateeadslcnke eee 53

catfromum (Li DeSu.: »-Saiecs esa eee eer 53

Hirsute dP ROUX» saisciesaiceuudcdedadhnater enema 53

thurifraga (BOry) SWattZ .......cccccseceeerseseeeeees 53

var. achilleifolia T. Moore ..........eseceeeeeenes 53

Myriopteris contracta (Kunze) Fée ..........seeeeeeees 119

hirta(Swearte) bSMs: scscessnacteee. tain tine Conant +21

Induta (Kunze) FEO eis cviciusinteertveneete nes 38]

intermedia (Kunze) Fe: ccgc. ccd icatescessseneenses 121

Nephrodium athamanticum (Kunze) Hook. .......... 247

bergianum (Schlechtd.) Bak. ............ceeeeeeeeees 219

biserratum (Swartz) Presh ccc hich eceteseen es 167

borvanum (Willd,) Bak. .\.:..... 28 hae Be ee 229

BriCRAUHE BOK 6 cinnss sionsccamener ashton eri Gurnee 245

catopteron (Kunze) Hook. .........seceeeseeeeeenenes 264

crenatum (Forssk) Bak. ....s<ccseegounacdearyentegs 263

mrmttatne TL VR BE saiccvansaipnaaincveniicaneas ecueuaes 169

gueintzianum (Mett.) Hieron. ..........sseeeeeeeeee es ps) @)

inaequale (Schlechtd.) HOOK. ........cscececeeeeeees 247

lanuginosum (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Desv. ............. 264

Pome ese TORK. oasis ccoeasd ceegss sags peat onsueener ets 214

MONOCA PUNT COTAENI. ive ccsceeacnensgusnnccarceanss 170

alimophilebinm Ba. skid iusepoeihoneceuugieenrceneee 219

palens (hee) SSO ck es was apenas " 209

enthert MEAGEER 5s ds de idinseseveeees linlen eck 247

plantianum Pappe & Raws. ..........cececeenenenenes at

PUCTOPUIE TENE VOTE. | Figs ena ctasncaes soseansaeen ss 220

pulchrum (Bory ex Willd.) Desv. ............eceeee. 214

scandicinune (Wild, ) BOTY vic cccccccsscuseenapeenens 223

at NN BGR icy coca vaca vedesnyencanats beatae Kees 220

SUUCITSOTUNT AGO occ csi exe pas yaees auvamareg teeny 245

toitume (Schieehtd:) Diels h:.3<.~canasaareactaceceraates 213

NBPMROUEPIS SOOM! liicdc csc cnadsecvevaacveeracanane? 167

biserrata (Swarte) SCHON vs ceciesvctevesetesaeasscavar 167

exaltate (DL, \GOMOM asic insihvaaBuenvetininainusannos 167, 169

imate (TIGutt,) KOS. ccs ssscccsoodeeton, agate 243

Niphobolus africanus Kunze ........... Et es 155

288

schimperianus (Mett. ex Kuhn) Giesenh., as schim-

IDETARUS, ssc biaieds cone pin lca Ae eee aman 155

SCNTAGETE (MICH, VOY Soin vcisin tesusde aerator pines 160

NOMGIGENG RUBE, cokeisissceniexesstaeeeststs dh bameooee 111

bipinnata (Sim) Sim, pro parte .......... 116, 206, 207

DUCKGHOIUL BIRKS vic.sicscimnvesencsnsaisitrepaaeh veneers’ 116

calomelanos (Swartz) Keys. ........cscecscseseeeeees 147

CAPEN ME DIONR vi fo c0s ee vssedn sted veda 10094 adsense 121

Cordata (Thund.) DESV. viccs.....cccccsccccccescscone 206

CCKIOMIGNG KUNZE eco se on cccciscscteveessacsbueuasdes 115

hirta (Swartz) J, SW. giles sess tecseecesecces 121

TG CGUG ROMAN TE: 02506 Soicthehes ss asae den Goh cedbehasnass 116

NICOSIA TAC iss pie edwin ces da gskstaessesaecces 115

UBT GUEE TA UT OW airs Ge eas oocke scien dcia tates decnensavee 115

TIE GT E ROINE 0 9:05. aki bn.rs ptoavasbaigind ApS ViSsle assent 113

Oetosis isoetifolia (Bory) Greene ..........s.scececnees 89

COA Concedes vrs beinivn ode eine ninnaleni ndash 170

ATICUIGIA SENSU SIMA assis ccis noose s'eddveoen i eiswave 171

GERSUTONS KURIO” oo ioccs yg sacsein nuanced sn saeeaicliy eas oleate 171

GIOIA AZO ol enccen ste sgcne edie ee ee 171

WOR OT ING CAN) 8. hic cs Ge GYR, ccluchte nase nks 170

Olfersia angustata (Schrad.) Pres] ...........ceceseeees 237

conformis (Swartz) Pres] ..........ccscscscscecceceees 235

WYDrida (BOY) PIES) s.cissisesassnns discs lavenei Meoas 231

spathulata (Bory) Presl .......c.edidsssicevenses ea cwenss 233

Onoclea capensis (L.) SwartZ ........scecesescececevees 269

ON DOGI OLIN oor x cas dovnwlexdss shaeiaadseadad conawvag 47

SCOIILCTS SWB sis s:s tsa se sessadlaxd led Renewals saeswio' 277

Onychium krebsii Kunze ...........ccscececsesceceeenees Pie)

robustum (Kunze) Fee ..........scecceccvccscssscesees 123

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE acicisiccccictetessesesesevece 31

OPHIOGLOSSALES. ............cececececeeeneeeteeees 31

RGU OR Wy aiecilsle tbiRado abide dulds oudiie ceecbccidon 31

DOrgiamtinr SCHeEChId he ciatscis es vocdsnsctcsdecséunae 31

GAPCRSE SWAN veciicicevesai aes ines donnvess siasalules 34

var. nudicaule (L.f.) Schlechtd. ...............06 34

var. regulare Schlechtd. ............scscecscseeeees 33

CODECHEE ROUGE OU Gai is 5 choca os vs se nbacins suanneude 33

gomezianum Welw. ex A. Br. .......cscecececseeeeees 33

TABOO TEN isiciddvniasvnnivasees¥snsengae Wiands 35

ONC (G01) Se AR iors SNe Eee Oe Oe eR 34

POV ONMAUEI A, TIT.) 0 liek co isicng tae caus bee snnenade 55

regulare (Schlechtd.) C. Chr. .........ccesceceneeees 33

MN yo (asad apduia de vir sna h Beye Kastendethe 34

ACER DAIS Ui Sasha casa pistes whee ramasee casaans 55

APMMIN 552550. sir esl pnid edddion edd cheaeeodins 31, 34

var. polyphyllum Milde ..........:.scecseeeeeeeees 20

Ornithopteris aquilina (L.)J.E. Sm. ..........ececeee 83

RDI ND ACE AE Ai india honesrentiasva tes atawcsrsesswers 43

es ade ieee Odie 43

COG hese r yg ents ca ssdndgeal wee pA wi oeedawel’ 269

CADCHSISIPIES Wi Rixicaidcasn,csiesbemn vie ames nncieanaseees 43

leptophrylla (L.) Savi .....scccscessscccvcccescecsceeess 93

DEY UAIS Ei ale chew iiyansin orb tetas SN Ee 52

PO RAS To oo is ce iiber snes cbinehistebaepagnteals Jdauees 43

var. capensis (Presl) Milde ..............c.seeeeeee 43

SChelpet BODIOV Gio i iisicenace eed senenteiensiesiens 43

PRUTITCI A SWARD ccs citee Mee shea ssn h saitieaa velkitaarndietines 53

PRUTIT ARE BOTY iong.cc as Sedeetebs snesscknaweseanas onsen 53

(ONG SWAT see ORR ie es od 45

transvaalensis BODIOV ..........sceccsceceeceeeeeeees 45

Paesia aquilina (L.) Keys. .........ccecscssceeeeseeeeees 83

Parathyrium boryanum (Willd.) Holttum ............. 229

PaGKePACO AG oon baciswade tas dota nod bemabeubdeianty say 95

PELEABALINK,. wis tiagendecioodvexsneas cies eee 111, 140

atropurpurea (Li.) LAMK wiisescesssssidsscossesseseness 140

auriculata (Thunb.) Fée ..........:cccceccescesceenees 123

DGIVINIEFIOOR |. .cwstsaattieacess Tae cer iugneniiilan 145

burkeana (HOoK.) Bak. .........cccccecseceeeeeeees we. §=—-143

Calomelanos (Swartz) Link ........cscceccenceeceeeees 147

var. leuacomelas sensu W. B.G. Jacobsen ...... 147

var. swynnertoniana (Sim) Schelpe .............. 147

concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Bak. ..............068. 140

consobrina (Kunze) Hook. ..........c.sccesceseeesees 133

deltoidea (Kunze) Bak. ........ Shadi ne eRe 125

dolomiticola Schelpe cccsvscisescscesecessadebvcesecase 127

Avra (Willd) HOOK: i cscce eee OR aes 143

ROUMBONE CCR ci aac asecins eteete ann slates 145

AUSMMA CL AYLINK snicessavisetevcccvccsens thiedsaesee 123

VAP: PIGUCA SAD “sale ritchie Abeta 133

var. macrophylla (Kunze) Hook. ...............6. 131

var. minor (Kunze) Schelpe ..............ssceeeees 125

ROSIGIVD'SENSWSIM ac secsvicssssecseri edwin 147

involuta (Swartz) Bak. ..........cccceccesccesceeesers 128

IVOINEG SENEU SIM « eivsiie Wiierdave see ve cad Ouboe tons 129

IGHOYONG BAK. cctuxnsave Bisel ae AS eens 123

leucomelas (Mett. ex Kuhn) Bak. ..........0cceceeeee 147

ROMAQUENSIS BOK. ccscscvecvccees vesuanaetesmeaeseeres 127

pectinifornis Bak. si iiticcssrsvssssasasivawin es 145

plereides (EV PrAR cs viaisswisescaiscentanne te 141

quadripinnata (Forssk.) Prantl ...............ssee0 133

robusta (Kunze) Hook. .........scescesceeeneeseenees 123

TUG A TIFON: Gidevcwcsseeassvevacsvis Lee 143

viridis (FORSSK. PPA. 665s cccsiacc DN 129

var. glauca (Sim) Sim | ict witness 133

var. involuta sensu Schelpe ............sseeeeeeees 129

var. macrophylla (Kunze) Sim ...........eeeeeee 131

Pellaeopsis burkeana (Hook.)J. Sm. ...........000008 143

Phanerophlebia Presh occ civacseiscscscwentadteokoveneess 251

caryotidea (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Copel. var.

micropteris (Kunze) Tardieu-Blot ..... ree 251

Phegopteris incisa (Thunb.) Keys. .............see000 82

prolifera (Retz.) Kuh. ......)...:ccsecscssisesseseeees 220

sparsisora (Schrad.) Keys. .........sssesscscsseseeees 87 WOKIOMU RO 26 ssccics ess vniceucumicstnSoasouian He's denna 157

totta (Schlechtd.) Mett. ........sccsscssessessees mes 213 - Elongatum Schrad. ............sssesssessereereeseones 160

nia (KUNZE) MOU. sic 0css onsacniersatearshoyesanieey 209 “Sa ie a Sivas See Se ee 1 67 ea

Phlebodium aureum J. Sit. .....ccsecsescesecseeseeseeees 167 excavatum Bory €x Willd. .........cs.sessesseseeoee- 161

ensiforme (Thunb.) J. Sm. ........csssseseecseeeeeees 165 falcatum L.f Sse Masutavsianadena eee 251

Phymatodes elongata (Schrad.)Pappe & Raws. -... 160 iv magh. os

ensiformis Thunb.) Schelpe ..........::eseesseesees 165 flabelliforme POit. .......ccccccssccssesssssseeesseeees 152

excavata (Bory ex Willd.) Pres] ..............000000 161 TL LN Ae na Gigieaan tents 229

phymatodes (L.) MaxON ..........cscsceseececscnenes 165 gueinzii Mett., AS QSUCINIZIT 1... .....ccececncececeoees 160

scolopendria (Burm.f.) Ching ..........sssss0000000 165 lanceolatum L. .........+.. Sieh? fecaee eee tee 160

vac. simuatunt SIM 2. acedle niece anaes 159

PIT am Se seseeseeeseeseveseeseseseeseneseegs si lepidotum Willd. ex Schlechtd. .......... renee

ALZEMECA (WILLA. 7) LIOMIN oor seresereereeereeereeeseveee | PERIOD ISU OREO co boticch sos tas siveasynoseescuaseaiens 93

Calomelanos (Swartz) Link .......cccceccecsecceceeees 97 lineare BUN fo cccscescontoctescctcds cases euneneieee eae

var. aureoflava (Hook.) Weath. ex Bailey ....... 97 _ Var. schraderi (Met) Sit \. ..<csscccsapasentiones 160

chrysophylla (Swartz) Link ......0..cccccseesseenees 97 lineare SENSU SIM .........sseesseeeeeesreeseeeseeeeees 161

levtophylla (L ) Domin : 93 LOHCRIUS TLS RSS x Bec ced ewes een yay |

es a Se ke Cire ae 0 ek ee loxogramind MOUs: 360.2511 sccdvaaacccnnaranynnss 156

Plananthus gnidioides (L.f.) Beauv. ..............006. 9. lycopodioides L. .....cssesesseveserseeseseees distal 162

saururus (Lam.) Beauv. .......0..ccseccceeecceeeseees 5 ie ; ppacner (Bak) Sit 1. vesscnassswrecsnngnis i oe

Platyloma calomelanos (Swartz) J.B. Sm. «...-. 147 macrocarpum Bory ex Willd. sce. 160

hastata (L.f.) Lowe ee rt nee amma eure 123 magellanicum sensu Alston & Schelpe ............. 152

PLEOPELTIS H.B.K. ex Willd 159 mar. ginellum SWANS ie hiss Cah EOS 151

H B K ; lita alah Pinar pS yi 159 palustre Burin: fe i ieesiscass osdareoanonieaet 277

BE GUSEG ANID R SS sabsirsa thverseetosnrnnnannnne samen Tid ——— pappei Mett. ex Kuhn ........cccccecscesseeeesseeees 163

ensifolia Carm. €x HOOK. ..........sssscsseeeeeseeees 160 persicariaefolium Schrad. .............csceceeeseeeees 162

excavata (Bory ex Willd.) Sledge ...........s00sse0e. 161 OPN MBEAIES Lor? ev rscraiescooranerat teeter ecten eee 165

RGU RISSIGNG POS Sag isiid i oncasaniinannaesancavvnaded’ 160 poeppigianum Mett. .........ssseccccceesserreeeeeeeens 152

PICMOIATS 55love eeensaananinn 160 polypodioides (L. ) hea ci enone 157

lepidota (Willd. ex Schlechtd.) Pres] ..........+++. 160 subsp. ecklonii (Kunze) Schelpe ..........+...+++. 157

' polypodioides sensu Sim. ...............ssececseeeeees 157

macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Kaulf. ................. 160 proliferum sensu Carr. .........ccccccccceecneseeeeeees 220

forma sinuata (Sim) Schelpe ...........0..000000 159 punctatum (L.) Swartz .......sescccccccceectenseeeeees 163

phymatodes (L.) T. Moore ............ceceeeeeeeeeee 165 schimperianum Mett. ex Kuhn, as schimperanum = 155

punctata CL ABOGE = cies sinsnesiss ASRS oe 163 schraderi Mett. eareesaaeedenasess une sss amemueenetnaian 160

schraderi (Mett.) Tardieu-Blot ........:..c00c00005. 160 Scolopendrium BUP.f. «cs ccsicssccereniesereenreaer 165

Slee eNE Ed, he Seip scasnsasenaatreganmany 85

X PLEOPODIUM Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ........0066 159 submarginale Langsd. & Fisch. ..........:.cseeseee 264

simianum Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ..............05. 159 fenelinm GPO, oho. ne WR ae 170

; : POLIT TRUGD.. | sera saricoarndrdnssnsiincndendd ab eeeerueen 209

Pleurosorus pozoi (Lagasca) Trevisan ................. 213 tthises WA: 6 Ae atnatasaassdennneciepet aaeet 213

Pneumatopteris unita (Kunze) Holttum ............... 209 GUANINE is vas acasinicesiasapasatesivadienaahtha maiden 265

penituit CRunZ6) HOOK. 0.5 cece casccsaccseccganniess 209

Polybotrya meyeriana (Kunze) Mett., as meyerana 278 LE lg eco oR aR ee aR ts 156, 157

tenuifolia (Desv.) Kuhn ...........0.sseeeeeeeeeeneeee 278 VAE MGLGI BOM vccviciveveussteterternies cee eee 157

POE MOC DIACEAM vcsvidtectnsdiey ties easeaeens 159 -PORYSTICHON ROM isi iiiisise ee cn cect ees 251

RROMEE, sacsssecasnsecsnsincccarcraviarinaava 156 aculeatum var. stenophyllon Bonap. ...............- 257

GAIGFTSOTINE G. VOIS. occiecsransracinieicesenresavens 261 aculeatum BOD SIM .100.0rsreeseseersencesresenscencs 254

adspersum Schrad. ......c.ccssssesessssscesevessceees 160 —«-Sdiantiforme (G. Forst.) J. Sm. ........+.s0s0seseee 261

A eaHm DEY Pe a a anc tara 213 alticola Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ..........ss0000+. 257

africanum (Kunze) Mett. .............scsececeeeeseees 155. aristatum wire? sna daca cn sig SS SCO NLR ROR ae 7

BDO ore A ent A: 69 capense (L. £.)J. SM. ....cccccceeeeseeteerreeseeeeees

bergianum Schlechtd. ..........ssssseceeeeeeceveveeees 219 dracomontanum Schelpe & N.C. Anthony ......... 259

CAOONUR Ase sirciaisara there > aha waves 53. goggilodus (Schkuhr) Gaud. ...............sceceeeeee 211

CBSO SS. ccsnuvecthisesaes aeeaesal sciinannaeenatdoaka 69 inaequale (Schlechtd.) Keys. ...........ssceeseseenes 247

iiieriesre TINGS ce aac J eyilh ck ae eS aiands 215 Manche DRO, co ssssnnsvecnrsecanksansnegeeeneens 251

dichotomum Thunb. ex Murray ..............0s0sse0 48 lucidum sensu Schelpe .............cccceseececceeeeees 254

290

luctuosum (Kunze) T. Moore ...:..ccccceceececeecees 255

macleae (Bak.) Diels, as macleanii .........ccee00e. 253

monticola N.C. Anthony & Schelpe ..........sc0000 ao)

pungens (Kaulf.) Pres! si... 22S saw Rasen 254

DUNGEONS SENSW SIM sie vi5c cc bid dda eea eet RE 25/7

setiferum var. fuscopaleaceum sensu auct. ........ 255

FOTTESIONUM GAUds £656 et ee ees 2206

transvaalense N.C. Anthony ........:seeeecceenqeveeee 255

CSUSSMNCNSE DS 2 SVs Powel au ceeases ceases ndungeeates 255.

Pseudocyclosorus pulcher (Bory ex Wilid.) Holttum 214

SONNE Se oiceicdeciisns s tsnend teed cod tonah qananmauBias 1

BTU MU iis walkin ast dob kus snan-oide.vs'vsl one 1

PS OT MO WOES 5s linea sets setae eres csnetyccecnsetens l

PCUON a) BOON, seececcdce te osven sessvbevvae Someules l

STIQUCTIII SWAULL, oe.o'siea veh ne tvon vos nage hdr eamoraaays 1

BE RID AC EAE, sedan cedvesacenredsceiastcess Peet eee 91

Pteridella dura (Willd.) Kuhn ............ccccevcceesees —143

involuta (Swartz) Mett. ex Kuhn ..............00008 128

leucomelas (Mett. ex Kuhn) Mett. ex Kuhn ....... 147

pectiniformis (Bak.) Kuhn, .c.600.. 20 edie 145

quadripinnata (Forssk.) Mett. ex Kuhn ............. 133

VIPIGISTOUSSKC AOU ooo oo te h:e ns: cinse «o:s c:siedions ¢ Sarva. ce 129

PRERIOIUM Ged CX SCOP 6 oa cnccn sine ninnsoesnane Sega 83

MUNN EATN LBD ssc arevunestenseraeiy 3 ARE SO 83

subsp. aquilinum .............s.sceceeeeee Seabees 83

subsp. capense (Thunb.) C. Chr. .............066. 83.

subsp. centrali-africanum Hieron. ............6+. 83

capense (1 Wun.) Krasser ...... .ccasaser ss. doreeiens 83

PEERS 1 Ne ee ern teers uk sGeiteeelelee enna she 105

GOVAN AITO, Sooo sec ees go eace stint eas iocsas ess 110

CET | Elie SEAL Les adh Rn Pea ne ee 83

ION ois 2aaiy-s oon Mio Teaidiaroan dea hcusatenntis 83

arguta var. flabellata (Thunb.) Mett.ex Kuhn .... 109

ETI od rastivnssitsieihosareiintnniucantetemeana tana te 140

auriculata (Thunb.) Swartz ..........cccceeseeeeeeees 123

ETS TS TTS ne oa re 110

DOW LTIOOK TBCAA)) i ics dnisiecey 0 chabens ries 145

DUCNANAGRNTIGK, CX SH os ercciin-vindovectnsaionaesapcier 107

REIN a nae seceacncone scpsari'esnnaine 143

CALOMEIANOS SWAMZ once cssccvorevnnesivenns Bec he ots 147

PRIS OI dg onset oesssencscinsetip eotterdiningn contre 83

SN der cia cicn dei sias Sareigscleesiaiainasmelieirns 109

CONCOIOP LANGSd. Bo FISCH. 2. ce cesvcccencsoadersscenes 140

DE PRMIIIO Leora pipe csucdntien taisisiplosmnigingit's vine-> os 211

COS Foo mechnnnsdieectevnenennnes 133

CAM fh ibe te Sa tas tee tesccesecs cron s0res 83

OT, US aA eee a ps ty na 107

CIN GAT OF SB Aan yz5 45 TT vee ieee ehevennel 109

subsp. flabellata (Thunb.) Runemark ........... 109

NIE anges S4bS Uw ASSEN Sin CRP TL 143

DCH NOMI. o sacssciacesci yp. BRR e, URIS OS 109

fHESITIICFON: “Sa cevies cccveoisc oss | areata ian San

PIGOF@ COIN VIOUS Sera nde a eee eosteerisr cones 81

ROSTACTOUD SCMAG eT Sec ree cteeet oct 131

hastata (Lt) SWatd ssicisess ce eee 123

incisa PRONG hii teem hee eee 82

PHECHTUPIO TANG sa dvresitn smog Semeewsbicnesisnareiennirs 209:

leucomelas Mett. ex Kuhn ............eceeseeeee ences 147

Tmecaway hc .,. 3 Cele rid teen anny Bernat a nee meet 89

DOM GH On Oats es oe enc snces cagonsse vuataed haa os 105

WORGU ONG SCHSU OI. Uiclh ns cv seee secs eee seen conn onan 105

HUNUIGIALBULMN LE JIREZS., ccrremegevsns mee eoeeee see 100

OFDICUIGIA TOWN: Sasccdcanine th Se cD Pee 141

pectiniformis Godet. eX Mett. ..........cceeeeeeseees 145

QUAdGTIGUTUARAL Us 2832. FREI AS 110

subsp. catoptera (Kunze) Schelpe ............... 110

subsp. friesii (Hieron.) Schelpe ...............04. 110

GUGGTIDINNGIA FOUSSK. a saste ¢-4 «Pies odideaderownns erhe 133

radiata (Koenig ex Swartz) Boj. ......... pis, Dowie 148

SErTATIA SWANIZ ... sss ee eee ee ore 107

TOUUIGIIS TUE Glee sts acs cstete ee cee ener okees 271

TRGUCTTOIVES (e SWAN evi gtecsuacseeveses vena 95

ETL BU ccc. a SP OT ANTS URED 109

VAT IAS WALL wicca ven ee Va a RE ORS TE 123

VESUCTIIOMSALAD ILD, ps. uch gee. oe 82

PIF IOUS OES r= aa ihanen See rset aa eee pol ne ners nee 129

WAULALA Lise * sacanedenyantreree Aue RTAS aaheeeeg cote tee 105

Pteropsis angustifolia Pappe & Raws. .........0eesee 89

Pyenodoria cretica(L..) Smal) iii ca,scssdanarrnnens 107

EGOS ODA ec.» woivanaps RaigtbooiNl sthnarah Mele osrernarriais state 105

PGR ROSTER. - esac Tk OS, cal et 153

africana (Kunze) Ballard .......scccceceeseseseeeenees 155

CHINGHSIS MILD. os5s525c ae 153

schimperiana (Mett. ex Kuhn) Alston, as schimpe-

(gi Teneo es AUNT, ee ere ee 155

Rhizoglossum bergianum (Schlechtd.) Pres] .......... 31

REMORTGAGE cs cmos AX ssa nenscs Ap fet ini chee ane 261

adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Ching ........csscceseenees 261

aif STE S ACO (oc, pon checa cnet geal oui 261

Sdgeniagemmiferd PEC. ...002 Fi. savensawnsrbeanenenanins 265

ORIN BA cece nics covaben toe males piece ae 65

SS ATTEN A SOC OP is ih dies sPainei sansa aia eens 67

BULICUIGIA SEDSUSCDEIDC «accu» panen s prenicgniemean cece 67

TELL G6 IH. || Ce), ren Con eae emery een n ONTO” 67

TNOLEStA. 1745. MALCOM asosisn ted vain gntp et sable waa 67

SGHIZAEACEAE. | spans. 3 busiage snraversr ecu ae 49

SCHIZAEA dak: Site << s0x9044555500 te JR Sk 49

dichotoma (...):) Ev SOs accent — 49

tenella Kaulf. ..... Moreen er eee tree rs en 51

pectinata(L.) Swart? siisedsatsaeee ee alee 51

SCHIZELC SIE ISON gens sce tr cde ctgat tar atic Selatan aanes 149

ensifolia (Swartz) Alston

“Beh ZOOM BEC. dcnensinuonedanson AML eRe 149

ensifolia Swartz) 1.Sm.. xa.ncsennrias Mca 151

Scolopendrium krebsii (Kunze) Kunze ..............+ Zit

Scyphofilix. speluncae (L.) Farwell ...........csceeese0 85

SELAGINELLACEAE . wisicsis ce cobeb teers. Boren 15

SELAGINELLALES ..........c.:ccccesceeceeees sae 15

SELAGINGLLA DCAD. Sensis nnikiavevans tein stmuwaeieasens 15

DIVOtCES RGU J ICID, ais sed on sega estiondigancnses 15

catirorum (Milde) HIeran. osiccicsursenssieessvacwann 19

CGTRCATIONG STIS. vise sen- atin s+ nzpuneiioiaiimcatahanes 21

CADERES FCEOD, es nsigs + opeadtien “aaaeainnaleniiih gs 19

BOOP EIT AK or cis aroeyoecnoaaaneolawiienes Cupedinatint vss 20

GEDFESRA SEASW SIMD, a5 iceiniinwica's abasaseasoksae subsaasoy 21

CECRER CP FOS1) TIICT ON, ois sis vewsioye csinsia tases sues ens 17

var. bachmanniana Hieron. ............cceseeeeees it

VAI. DICLOTICASIS FICTON,. avsncnsan cra vexieomeevcas 17

var. rehmanniana Hieron. .........ccsecceseceeeees 17

imbricata (Forssk.) Spring ex Decne. ...........0005 19

kraussiana (Kunze) A. Br. ex Kuhn ..........000cee0 20

PIGCKCTUU TION 6 ba gacdatisnvurrnaseadeceneenravs Bor apes 20

OSG | sda cexekduscthesasievedesenige sa hebealdoad un 20

njam-njamensis Hieron. ........sscccsssscseccneseens 19

pumila (Schlechtd.) Spring ccsiccsicecceriecveceevesss 15

MAL OIMOSE SUPE oasis santos evqnndnnes Geuatinaiahan’ 15

Val. SUDSUMDIEX SPTING c.ccsscerdevsesiecseneaggers 15

pygmaea (Kaulf.) AISton ........ccscecsecsceceneeesees 15

rupestris var. recurva forma dregei (Presi) A. Br.

OK AWD: sioancicsgeldetnet aicecd gare epme dese eey tn iy

forma caffrorum MUO. <aiissevieclersaiesistnvenses 19.

forma dregei (Presl) Milde ...............seeeeeee 17

PUDESIPIS SOUS SIM isi: saecosadeixssnasserennrn rae 19

Bela GIO des (G \AAIN a siwiios cones anesae deen cevous 15

spinosa Beauv. .........+4 ihe dea ae atachnaln tieteaathem ta 15

PECUSSIMIC TOOK: Acs y:cshics vadalen ina ee ena dune ea Theaters 20

Selenodesmium rigidum (Swartz) Copel. ............. 75

Selliguea lanceolata (Swartz) FEE ..........cceeeeneeees 156

Sphaerocionium capillare (Desv.) Copel. ............ 77

Spicanta australis (L.) KumtZe .........cceceseeeeen eee alo

Capers (Te RNPR® oe Aaa ssiavixirsades eusniaees 269

punctulata (SWeattZ) KUO saesirsecsyesddsraanccaees 275

Stegnogramma pozoi (Lagasca) K. Iwats. ............ 213

STENOCHUAPNAS SH: ssi ciapiecdecbsaasincnspsaonnceines ari

meyeriana (Kunze) Presl, as meyerana ............. 278

palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd. > .iccccccsssceccedrersscs eres 277

scandens (SWArIZ) I CSH.— ccricercsoaioriwanedoiccceres ait

tonuifolia (Desv.) Ti MOOTe caivsstissacvedsoneveaves 278

Sticherus umbraculiferus (Kunze) Ching ............. 48

Struthiopteris australis (L.) Trevisan ..............068 Zi3

Aregcaita (PGC) THCVISAD: ciscecscrenacavaedrcarreeners 275

Walled TRUDE) CHINE | ccieeteissnrcsesaneecerentsvese 267

punctulata (Swartz) Trevisan ...........sceceeeeeeees 275

291

regalis (1..) Betalt: -si2c28etieate es wpbtabaie ideal.

Figida (Swattz)- Trevisalt $s. cis0heiidcicecvsseetens 275

Tarachia adiantum-nigrum (L.) Pres] ..........ece000 199

friesiorum (C. Chr.) Momose ...........scececeeseees 181

Fireata TVRUDS. PICS ecciacevacncnvcoeatmascunees cas 205

BON GG ORUMZE) PICS a4 savanunievevensitetaegu iret 201

SMICNIGCHS (KUN 26) PES) o.. cise. nap uncccaun bedanuad ee 201

PECTARIA CGV. > visoisvsccumaipieteanaate os Senate 265

geminifera(l 26) Alton: sss ciisxcae ane econ, 265

GOH AIE NG CAN. |. etentonannntenua see 265

THELYPIERIDACTAL vscccecomcateuanansducumnam 207

THELYPTERIS Schmid. 0... .<:.<:5 same d. ae eee 207

Offa Reed oiss+i:s teat oe pee Ee ae 214

tPA XS BORE oii ics sien ona eiared cia are 214

altissima (Holttum) P. J. Vorster ......cccccccecveees 214

bergiana (SchleChtd CRAG oc vsssincacesvongneuacees 219

chaseana Schelpe: -s.croen eee eee 21)

confluens (Thunb.) Morton ...cccccccccccccecsecceees 2

dentata (Forssk.) E. St. John i. dc eae 214, 215

gongylodes (Schkuhr) Small ...............ceceeeenes 211

gueinziana (Mett.) Schelpe .........scscsscecenseceees 217

interrupta (Willd.) K. [wats. ..cccccccececcecesceceees 209

knysnaensis N. C. Anthony & Schelpe ...........4.. 2

longicuspis:(Bak.) SCHEIDC iss.xyssin0dcevavencanees 214

madagascariensis (Fée) Schelpe .......ccceceseeceees 209

Ralistis SENOW «oder tisamtnweeeere en aera 207

var. squamigera (Schlechtd.) Weath. ........... 2i1

90Z01(Lagasca) MOP ciscccsckavareaadevanvevemises 213

prolifera (Retz.) P. J. Vorster .........ssssccceseeess 220

pulchra (Bory ex Willd.) Schelpe .........ccceceeeens 213

silvatica (Pappe & Raws.) Reed ............ceseeeeee 209

squamigera (Schlechtd.) Ching ...............e0cee 211

porresiana (Gand) ARSON 6. cisaisssorcanseseseaanars 220

fotta (Thund;) Schelpe 2s. cccccihsssaieonrecavenn 209

WAT.) MEOMOW 68 boris ccs ian ewlacdue eee 209

TODEA Willd. ex Bernh. ..........00066 eather Pena 45

PICO NES cessive putes iaencnsauleieira cae 45

Dathare (hi) 7 Moore | ccc icaxsissanazeaedeseeenwuecs 45

subsp. rivularis (Sieber ex Kunze)C.Chr. ...... 45

aerugineum Van den Bosch ...............sceeceeeees BB

ACMiOP CUM BUNTON oivcadxevesna ries vindoievecoss 205

borbonicum Van den Bosch ......scscececscseceeseees 76

CanerenN oss iisceuiasasyehdoeareerrnaeeun 171

chaerophylicides PO. sissies ie eieatiaiancaves 173

COPMODRYTMRETMUE ever ececasiaveceretenciasenerts 69

CSI 6 Seis 3xsccsnnnanite ARR ARO Re 71

Gregel Van den BOSCh. sacadscsxkscrsseootepiasseteweees 75

SE VT insu clues ontaediordesapeeeteae eee Px

var. aerugineum (Van den Bosch) Bonap. ...... 73

APOSUME SONS: SID vii iiei ck iicdveveeehiasaseatenes 73

PACESUNE TI, eccicinieinsiluaadoelinteee eee 69

melanotrichum Schlechtd. ............cscsececeeseees 75

292

Montanum SENSU SIM ...........0.cccecssescevescecees 73 COCCYQOCATPA THEVISAN .........ccecesseceeveceeveeens 89

DENGAN DOE. 5.05 cacs css vinvenvaedane aaue@eaak 77 BUSINTEL TICVISADY 55 6s ssnn. nasi sWbende Ge Can pelea 89

PYRIGUCRUREL: cincoiezanscdecsseddisnassessedvedscvicea. 09 ISOCTIFOlIA BOPY acces nceics sacerseiesatnstcedsveseess one’ 89

var. melanotrichum (Schlechtd.) Schelpe ....... 715 lineata (L.) J.B. Sm. .....cecccsseeessseeseeessteeees . 89

pyxidiferum sensu Sim ...............ceseeeeessseecees 15 longidentata K. Muell. ..............csceceveveeeveees 89

reptans Swartz ....... Rate ee Ae ee. 13 Sarmentosa RUIZ. CX FEE .........ceceseecescsceeceoes 89

rigidum Swartz = Ad tae ioe ate lai nema ta 75 PONENT CS aac sions scciga soe dna seein. tune eads aieRonnanct 89

robinsonii Hook. ex Bak. ...........cccceccccecescees TS . WOODSIVR VBR aA cecsasnenipesneessanediess 240

tunbridgense L., as tunbrigense .............00sce0 78 angolensis Schelpe ..........ccsscssssessceeceesceenees 241

acy burgessiana Gerr. ex Hook. & Bak. ................ 241

Ugena microphylla Cav. .....cccececssssosescecscscesess 55 §

nett. ilvensis (L.)R. Br. ........ WPA cheb ie Haas POCA ceo 240

os depts pr fesse (Bak.) HerterexNessel ... 7 montevidensis (Spreng.) Hieron. .........s000c000 241

4 ° see é ieee CX PICRSEL scscnsiencanseations : var. burgessiana (Gerr. ex Hook. & Bak.)

rurus : r

Ge OE Dal a ee eRe SCHEIDET Gn a ree ence eigtelecntcees AL

verticillatus (L.f.) Herter ex Nessel ............0000 7 se

a a AIPHOPTERIS KQUIf oc .cs0sncsscashonesevneseresnsciienes 152

Vandenboschia melanotricha (Schlechtd.) Pichi-Ser- flabelliformis (Poir.) Schelpe. ..........sessseseseeee 152

PRRs itaerreate ot os sipasa ce Pe eiwibiod eiics Mn siereersie scetens 75 serrulata (Swartz) Kaulf. ..........cccccesccesseceeees 152

VAT AIAG EAL, ochsicidcuneoscheososinsoensousecee ane 89 Zalusianskya burchellii (Kunze) Kuntze. .............. 65

VIUUARIAS BSI lasiads cca WieoebesonselMoaceatseeeed 89 macrocarpa (Presl) Kuntze ...........cscseesseceeees 62

acrostichoides Hook. & Gtev. ........ccscecececeeees 237 nubica (A. Br.) Kuntze ..........cscecscsssscsceeeeees 57

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Vol.

1 Vel.

Vol.

22:

23:

24:

25:

20:

oo:

28:

29:

30:

31:

32:

33:

Phytolaccaceae, Aizoaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae

Portulacaceae, Basellaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Illecebraceae, Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Ceratophyllaceae,

Ranunculaceae, Menispermaceae, Annonaceae, Trimeniaceae, Lauraceae, Hernandiaceae, Papaveraceae,

Fumariaceae

Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Resedaceae, Moringaceae, Droseraceae, Roridulaceae, Podostemaceae, Hydro-

stachyaceae (Published 1970). Price: R10,00. Other countries: R12,00

Crassulaceae (Published 1985). Price: R16,40. Other countries: R20,50

Vahliaceae, Montiniaceae, Escalloniaceae, Pittosporaceae, Cunoniaceae, Myrothamnaceae, Bruniaceae, Hama-

melidaceae, Rosaceae, Connaraceae

Fabaceae: Part 1: Mimosoideae (Published 1975). Price: R13,59. Other countries: R16,75.

Part 2: Caesalpinioideae (Published 1977). Price R16,04. Other countries: R20,00

Papilionoideae

Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae,

Linaveae, Erythroxylaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Balanitaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, Burseraceae, Ptaeroxyla-

ceae, Meliaceae, Aitoniaceae, Malpighiaceae

Polygalaceae, Dichapetalaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Callitrichaceae, Buxaceae, Anacardiaceae, Aquifoliaceae

Celastraceae, Icacinaceae, Sapindaceae, Melianthaceae, Greyiaceae, Balsaminaceae, Rhamnaceae, Vitaceae

Part 1: Tiliaceae (Published 1984). Price: R4.30. Other countries: R5,00

Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae

Ochnaceae, Clusiaceae, Elatinaceae, Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae, Canellaceae, Violaceae, Flacourtiaceae,

Turneraceae, Passifloraceae, Achariaceae, Loasaceae, Begoniaceae, Cactaceae (Published 1976). Price:

R8 ,68. Other countries: R10,75

Geissolomaceae, Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Lythraceae, Lecythidaceae

Rhizophoraceae, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Onagraceae, Trapaceae, Haloragaceae, Gunne-

raceae, Araliaceae, Apiaceae, Cornaceae

Ericaceae

Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Oleaceae, Salvadoraceae, Logania-

ceae, Gentianaceae, Apocynaceae (Published 1963): Price R4,53. Other countries: R10,75

Part 1: Periplocaceae, Asclepiadaceae (Microloma-Xysmalobium)

Part 2: Asclepiadaceae (Schizoglossum-Woodia)

Part 3: Asclepiadaceae (Asclepias-Anisotoma)

Part 4: Asclepiadaceae (Brachystelma-Riocreuxia) (Published 1980). Price: R4,34. Other countries: R6,00

Asclepiadaceae (remaining genera)

Part 1: Cuscutaceae, Convolvulaceae

Part 2: Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginaceae

Part 3: Stilbaceae, Verbenaceae

Part 4: Lamiaceae (Published 1985). Price R22,00. Other countries: R28 ,00

Part 5: Solanaceae, Retziaceae

Scrophulariaceae

Bignoniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Martyniaceae, Orobanchaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Acanthaceae, Myo-

poraceae

Part 1: Fascicle 1: Plantaginaceae, Rubiaceae (Rubioideae-first part)

Fascicle 2: Rubiaceae (Rubioideae—second part): Paederieae, Anthospermeae, Rubieae (in press)

Fascicle 3: Ixoroideae, Cinckonoideae

Campanulaceae, Sphenocleaceae, Lobeliaceae, Goodeniaceae

Asteraceae: Part 1: Lactuceae, Mutisieae, ‘Tarchonantheae’

Part 2: Vernonieae, Cardueae

Part 3: Arctotideae

Part 4: Anthemideae

Part 5: Astereae

Part 6: Calenduleae

Part 7: Inuleae: Fascicle 1: Inulinae

Fascicle 2: Gnaphaliinae (First part) (Published 1983). Price: R13,70. Other

countries: R16,20

Part 8: Heliantheae, Eupatorieae

Part 9: Senecioneae