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THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF

SOUTH AFRICA.

A MAGAZINE CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE

FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO SOUTH AFRICA.

EDITED BY

I. B. POLE EVANS, C.M.G., M.A., D.Sc., F.LS.,

Chick, Division of Botany and {lant Pathology, Department of Agriculture, Wretoria ;

any Director of the Botanical Surbey of the Anion of South Africa.

VOT i:

yy ‘

The veld which lies so desolate and bare

Will blossom into cities white and fair,

And pinnacles will pierce the desert air,

And sparkle in the sun.

R. C. MACFIn’s ‘‘ EX UNITATE VIRES.”

i URE ENE 2 CO). Tp:

LLOYDS BANK BUILDINGS, BANK STREET,

ASHFORD, KENT.

SOUTH AFRICA:

THE SPECIALITY PRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA, Lrp.

P.O. BOX 3958, JOHANNESBURG; P.O. BOX 388, CAPETOWN.

1922

SENATOR THE HONOURABLE

CHARLES (G. SMITH

DURBAN, NATAL,

TO WHOSE GENEROSITY BOTANICAL SCIENCE IN

SOUTH AFRICA IS MUCH INDEBTED, THIS VOLUME

OF “‘THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF SOUTH AFRICA ”

IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED.

Division oF Botany, PRETORIA,

September, 1922.

41.

K.A.Lansdell del.

Prats 41.

ALOE WIcKENSII.

Transvaal.

LiniacEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE.

Auoz, Linn. ; Benth. e Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe Wickensii, Pole Hvans in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. vol. v. p. 29, Pls. 8, 9.

This is one of the most beautiful and showy of the

South Africa species of Aloe. Specimens were collected

by Messrs. Wickens and Pienaar in M’Phathlele’s Location

in the Northern Transvaal, in January, 1914. The species

is also found widely distributed in the Oliphants River

Bushveld. It is now established in the Garden of the Division

of Botany, Pretoria, and in the latter part of July and August

when in flower is a source of great admiration to visitors.

In general appearance and habit of growth this Aloe

closely resembles A. Pienaaru from the same locality, figured

in vol. i. of this work (Plate 27), but it is more commonly

found on gentle slopes in bush country, although it may

frequently occur in open ground along with A. Pienaari.

When the plants are not in flower, those of A. Wickensi can

be distinguished from A. Pienaar by their paler green leaves,

which are distinctly incurved.

We propose the name ‘ Wickens’ Aloe’ for this

species.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1449).

Description :—A stemless succulent herb. Leaves pale

glaucous-green, 40-50 in a dense rosette, 50-70 cm. long,

10-13 cm. broad at the base, lanceolate-ensiform, erect,

distinctly incurved, rather flat above, convex beneath, beset

on the margins with small deltoid black prickles about 2 mm.

long and about 6-8 mm. apart. Injlorescences often 2-4 from

the same rosette, spreading. Peduncle laterally compressed,

naked, with usually two lateral branches, branches arcuate-

II. B

erect, clothed with pale brown scariose broadly ovate-

acuminate bracts. Raceme dense-flowered, 17-20 cm. long,

conical-cylindric. Bracts reflexed, 5-6 mm. long, ovate-

cuspidate, scariose, pellucid. Pedicels recurved, 3-4 mm. long.

Perianth 3:5 cm. long, cylindric-ventricose; outer segments

free for 15-17 mm., obtuse and recurved at the apex, 3-5-

nerved; inner segments obtuse and recurved, 3-nerved.

Stamens projecting 11 mm. beyond the perianth and slightly

recurved. Style stout, strongly recurved. Fruit 2°5 cm. long,

1°3 cm. in diameter, oblong-ovoid.

Prats 41.—Fig. 1, entire plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, raceme; Fig. 3,

portion of leaf: Fig. 4, transverse section of leaf; Fig. 5, bract; Fig. 6, open

flower ; Fig. 7, fruit showing remains of perianth attached.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Prats 42.

COMMELINA sBENGHALENSIS.

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal.

CoMMELINACEAE, Tribe COMMELINEAE.

Commetina, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 847.

Commelina benghalensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 41; Fl. Cap. vol. vii. p. 9.

A common species in certain habitats in South Africa,

and extending to Tropical Africa, throughout India to Japan,

and the Moluccas. On account of its easy cultivation and

the exquisite deep shade of blue of the petals, it deserves

more recognition from gardeners, and should be at least as

great a favourite as species of Zradescantia (The Wandering

Jew). The floral structure shows interesting modifications in

the stamens, and a study of the method of pollination would

certainly bring to light some interesting facts. This plant

often produces at the base modified (cleistogamic) flowers

which burrow into the ground and produce small capsules.

The original drawing from which our figure has been

reproduced was prepared by Miss Page and loaned by the

Curator of the Bolus Herbarium. The plants flowered in

March and April at the National Botanic Gardens, Kirsten-

bosch (No. 1232/18), and were sent by Mr. G. Hay from Louis

Trichardt, Transvaal.

Description :—A diffuse herbaceous plant. Stem 15-80 cm.

long. Leaves 3-8 cm.long, 1:5-3°5 cm. broad, ovate or

elliptic-ovate, acute, contracted at the base into a sheath

often ciliate with reddish hairs, and usually wavy margins.

Flowers partly enclosed in a green hairy spathe, the topmost

flower long-exserted. Sepals 3; the two side sepals more or

less orbicular ; the odd sepal elliptic. Petals 3; the two side

petals dark blue, semi-orbicular, produced at the base into a

distinct claw; the odd petal small, ovate-elliptic. Stamens 6,

divided into three sets; three stamens barren, forming

staminodes ; the three side stamens blue ; one stamen yellow,

with two appendages at the back of the anther. Ovary sub-

globose, 3-celled; style cylindric; stigma simple. Fruit

obovoid, 3-celled. Seeds more or less oblong, wrinkled.

Prater 42.—Fig. 1, inflorescence in bud; Fig. 2, the same with half of

spathe removed; Hig. 3, side sepal x 2; Fig. 4, odd sepal x 2; Fig. 5, side

petal x 2; Fig. 6, odd petal x 2; Fig. 7, stamens and pistil x 3; Fig. 8,

small anther (blue) x 5; Figs. 9, 10, larger anthers (yellow), front and back

view x 5; Fig. 11, fruit x 4; Fig. 12, transverse section of fruit; Fig. 13,

seed, enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1922,

Prats 43.

HESSEA ZryuHert.

Cape Province, Lattle Namaqualand.

AMARYLUIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLIDEAE.

Hesse, Herb.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 720.

Hessea Zeyheri, Baker, Handb. Amaryllid. p. 23; Fl. Cap. vol. vi. p. 191.

This is a very rare species here figured for the first time.

It was discovered by Carl Zeyher at Hardeveld in little

Namaqualand about the year 1847, and appears to have been

unrecorded since then until recently collected by Mr. EH. B.

Watermeyer. The genus fessea is endemic to South Africa,

and contains nine species found in the Cape Province, Little

Namaqualand, and one species from the Transvaal. Hitherto

none has been recorded from Natal or the Orange Free

State. Our specimen differs slightly from the original

described in the ‘‘ Flora Capensis” in having three rather

shorter leaves contemporary with the flowers. At first the

style is short, but elongates as the flowers mature.

Our illustration was prepared from a drawing by Miss M.

Page of specimens which flowered in April at the National

Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch (No. 1157/16), and collected

by Mr. H. B. Watermeyer, Nieuwoudtville, Calvinia Division.

The drawing has been kindly loaned by the Curator of the

Bolus Herbarium.

Description :—Bulb 5 cm. long, 3°5 cm. in diameter, sub-

globose, produced above into a short neck. Leaves 3, contem-

porary with the flowers, 5°5-11°5 cm. long, 0°8-16 cm. broad,

strap-shaped, obtuse, narrowing and channelled at the base.

Peduncle arising at the side of the leaves, about 10 cm. long,

flattened. Spathe-valves 2 cm. long, linear, acuminate. nflo-

rescence an umbel of about 25 flowers. Pedicels 2-3 cm. long.

Perianth tube 3 mm. long ; segments about 1 cm. long, oblong-

lanceolate, obtuse, united to the staminal tube by the midrib.

Stamens of two different lengths, the filaments united below

into a tube 4 mm. long; free portions of filaments 8 mm. and

5 mm. long; anthers of long stamens globose, of short

stamens oblong. Ovary 1:6 mm. in diameter, globose; style

short in bud, lengthening to 15 mm. in older flowers.

Prate 43.—Fig. 1, section through perianth x 3; Fig. 2, lobe of perianth x 3.

E.P.S.A., 1922,

ee ee!

K.A.Lansdell del,

Puate 44.

CEROPHGIA tristis.

Cape Province, Natal.

ASCLEPIADACEAE. ‘Tribe CEROPEGIEAE.

Crropecia, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 779.

Ceropegia tristis, Hutchinson, sp. nov.; affinis C. Haygarthi, Schlechter,

sed foliis sub anthesi bene evolutis, calyce majori, corollae lobis brevissime

stipitatis differt.

Scandens ; caulis carnosus, glaber. /olia breviter petiolata matura 3°5-6 cm.

longa, 1:5-3:5 cm, lata, late oblonga vel oblongo-ovata, apice breviter

apiculata, basi cordata, glabra; nervi laterales utrinsecus circiter 4,

patuli; petioli circiter 1 cm. longi. Cymae axillares, triflorae ; pedicelli

usque ad 1:5 cm. longi, teretes, glabri. Sepala lineavi-filiformia, 3-4 mm,

longa, glabra, marginibus leviter hyalinis. Corolla basi subglobosa, supra

basin curvato-erecta, circiter 6 cm. longa, superne turbinata, apice 2 cm.

diametro, extra glabra, maculata, intra leviter pilosa, lobis e basi lata

attenuatis in columnam brevem cohaerentibus, deinde apice corpusculam

globosam 5-fenestratum ciliatam formantibus. Corona exterior cupularis,

lobis 5 latis emarginatis columna staminalis aequilonga intra pilis longis

gracilibus ciliatis; corona interior erecta, lobis conniventibus apice

recurvatis. Mollicula circiter 14 cm. longa, falcato-recurvata, apice sub-

uncinata.—J. H.

In our last number (Plate 39) we figured a species of

Ceropegia Rendallu, which belongs to a group of the genus

characterised by having the corolla-lobes united into an

umbrella-like canopy supported by five short stalks. The

present species has the corolla-lobes free at the base, then

connate into a slender column, again becoming free and

then connate at the tips, forming a small terminal cage-

like body.

It shares this character with Ceropegia Haygarthi,

Schlechter, and in this respect the two species are unique

amongst the South African species. In C. Haygarthii, however,

the corolla is very widely globose at the base, the calyx lobes

are longer, and the peculiar stalk to the corolla lobes is at

least three or four times as long. These differences seem to

warrant the description of a new species. The curiously

shaped flowers should make this species an object of interest

in the greenhouse.

Description :—A climber. Stem fleshy, glabrous. Leaves

shortly petioled, 3-5-6 cm. long, 1:°5-3:5 cm. broad, broadly

oblong or oblong-ovate, apex rounded and shortly pointed,

cordate at the base, glabrous; lateral nerves about four on

each side; petiole about 1 cm. long. Injlorescence a 1-8-

flowered axillary cyme; pedicels 1:2-1°5 cm. long, terete,

glabrous. Sepals 4-5 mm. long, subulate, glabrous. Corolla

abruptly bent at a right angle near the base; tube (following

the bend) 2°6 cm. long, globosely inflated at the base, widening

upwards and about 2cm. in diameter at the mouth, glabrous

without, finely pilose within ; lobes free at the base, abruptly

inflexed over the mouth of the tube and produced beneath into

broad triangular partition-like green plates or keels, meeting

at the centre and connate into a slender erect column about

2-3 mm. long, then again becoming free and expanding into

elliptic-lanceolate replicate segments, connate at the tips,

forming a small apical ellipsoid cage-like body, 5-8 mm. long,

ciliate on the margins. Outer corona cupular, with five broad.

emarginate lobes arising to the level of the staminal column,

ciliate and hairy within with long fine hairs; inner corona

lobes about 2°5 mm. long, linear, connivent-erect over the

staminal column, with revolute tips. ollicles about 14 cm.

long, strongly falcate, recurved at the tips.

Pruatre 44,—Fig. 1, portion of stem with leaves and flowers, nat. size;

Fig. 2, calyx ; Hig. 3, lobe of corolla; Fig. 4, outer and inner corona; Fig. 5,

staminal column; Fig. 6, pollinia; Fig. 7, follicles, nat. size. All enlarged

with the exceptions of Figs. 1 and 7.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

409.

EEE = eC

M.Paée del.

Pruate 45.

WATSONIA Gatpini.

Cape Province.

Trmpacear. Tribe Ix1maz.

Warsonta, Mill.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. viii. p. 705.

Watsonia Galpinii, L. Bolus. Ann. Bolus Herb. vol. iii. p. 11.

We have pleasure in figuring in this number, through the

kindness of the Curator of the Bolus Herbarium, our first

species of one of the most popular of South African genera,

namely, Watsonia. Species of this genus have long been

known in European Gardens, where they were introduced by

the early botanical collectors from the Cape. The genus is

represented in South Africa by about twenty species, and

with the exception of a species which occurs in Madagascar,

are confined to the sub-continent. The Watsonias lend

themselves to hybridising, and some very fine garden hybrids

have been produced.

The species here figured was first discovered by Mr. H. EH.

Galpin at Lottering Bush, Zitzikama (Galpin No. 4698), and

re-collected at Knysna by Miss A. V. Duthie, who sent corms

to the National Botanic Gardens, where they flowered in

March, 1919 (No. 239/18).

The general name of ‘‘pijpie”’ is applied to almost all

species of Watsonia and also to some species of Gladiolus.

Description :—Corm 2 cm. in diameter, depressed-globose,

oblique at the base. Stem'75 cm.long, racemose. Leaves 4-8,

radical, up to 35 cm. long, 1-1'5 cm. broad, linear, acute,

acuminate, with the median and marginal nerves somewhat

subprominent. Inflorescence simple or branched. Spathe-

valves herbaceous or submembranous at the apex; the outer

0°6-3°2 cm. long, lanceolate, setaceous acuminate; the inner

0:8-1°4 cm. long, ovate or broadly ovate, acuminate. Perianth-

tube 2 cm. long, constricted about the middle; the lower half

filiform, scarcely 1°5 mm. in diameter; the upper half infundi-

buliform, 7 mm. in diameter near the throat; lobes spreading,

15 cm. long; the outer up to 8 mm. broad, suboblong, sub-

acute, minutely apiculate; the inner 1 cm. broad, oblong-

obovate. Stamens almost as long as the perianth lobes;

anthers 9 mm. long. Ovary about 5 mm. long, subobconic ;

style 2°9 cm. long; primary branches 9 mm. long; stigmas

about 2mm. long. Fruit 1 em. long, obconic.

Mrs. Bolus remarks, ‘‘ Distinguished from the rest of the

section ‘ Ku-Watsonia’ by the more slender habit, the smaller

spathe-valves, the shorter perianth-tube and relatively long

segments.”’

_Prate 45.—¥ig. 1, flower, perianth laid open; Fig. 2, portion of fruiting

spike; Fig. 3, capsule, dehisced, about natural size; Fig. 4, seed x 2.

H.P.S.A., 1922.

NM Ee Ee

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[ap Jamon’ Ss

Prats 46.

MASSONIA tatiFottia.

Cape Province, Little Namaqualand.

Littacear. Tribe ALLIFAR.

Massonia, Thunb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 806.

Massonia latifolia, Linn. fil. Suppl. 193; Fl. Cap. vol. vi. p. 416.

All the species of Massonia, an endemic Cape genus of the

Trliaceae, have fragrant hyacinthoid flowers, arising in a sessile

cluster from between two broad prostrate leaves. The name

was given to the genus by Carl Thunberg to commemorate

the name of Francis Masson, who was sent to the Cape in

1772 as collector for the Royal Gardens at Kew, and who

was responsible for introducing a large number of Cape plants

into cultivation. The first 20 volumes of Curtis’s Botanical

Magazine, which contain 786 plates, have nearly one-third

devoted to figures of Cape species, mostly sent to Kew

Gardens by Masson.

The genus Massonia is very imperfectly known, as about 24

out of the 33 species described in the “‘ Flora Capensis ” have

never been collected within the last 50 years, or are only

known from figures in botanical publications. It is, there-

fore, with some pleasure that we publish our first plate repre-

senting a species of the genus, collected by Mrs. H. Rood, of

Van Rhynsdorp, in the hope that it may stimulate others to

forward specimens to the Division of Botany, Pretoria, for

illustration in fyture numbers of this work.

This particular species was figured by Jacquin in 1803.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pre-

toria (Herb. No. 1450).

Description :—Bulb 3°5 cm. long, 3 cm. broad, ovoid-

ellipsoid, with brown membranous tunics. Leaves 2, lying

flat on the ground, somewhat fleshy, 12 cm. long, 14°5 cm.

broad, somewhat orbicular, narrowed and channelled at the

base, glabrous. Injlorescence an abbreviated raceme. Bracts

3°5 em. long, 1 cm. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, acute, about

5-nerved, glabrous. Pedicels 6 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, fleshy.

Perianth-tube T ram. long, 6 mm. in diameter at the throat ;

lobes 1°2 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, oblong, minutely tufted

at the apex, membranous. laments inserted at mouth of

perianth-tube, 1°4 cm. long, ovate and connate at the base,

becoming linear above ; anthers 3 mm. long, linear, versatile.

Ovary 5 mm. long, 7 mm. in diameter above, obovoid; style

2 cm. long, subterete; stigma simple.

PratEe 46.—Fig. 1, plant viewed from eye-level; Fig. 2, bract with flower;

Fig. 3, section of flower; Vig. 4, flower, showing the filaments connate at the

base; Fig. 5, apex of perianth lobe; Fig. 6, bract; Fig. 7, plant viewed

from above. All enlarged with the exception of Figs. 1 and 7.

FE.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 47.

KNIPHOFTIA atoorpss.

Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal, Basutoland, Natal.

Linracear. Tribe HemERocALLEAg,

Knipnoria, Moench.; Benth. et Hook, f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 775.

Kniphofia alooides, Moench. Meth. 632; Fl. Cap. vol. vi. p. 283. Tritoma

Uvaria, Gawl. in Bot. Mag. t. 758; Kniphofia Uvaria, Hook. Bot. Mag.

t. 4816.

We may perhaps be excused for figuring this species,

which has appeared as a plate more than once in Curtis’s

Botanical Magazine. It is, however, still such a favourite with

cultivators that it is deemed worthy of a figure in a South

African publication. Like other of our native plants it was

known in Kuropean gardens many years ago, and is recorded

as having flowered at Kew Gardens in 1707. Asa cultivated

plant it was known under the name of Tritoma Ovaria, which

was later changed to Kniphofia Uvaria. It was also described

by Linnaeus about the year 1735 as an Aloe. Specimens of

the plant in cultivation may be seen in many South African

gardens. It is the most robust and most variable species of

the genus. In the coastal districts of Natal two varieties,

nobilis and maxima, are found, but our figure and description

apply to the typical form. The common name is the

‘“‘ Red-hot poker.” The natives of Natal know the plant as.

“*1-Cacane,’’

The plate was drawn from a specimen collected near

Durban in July, 1914.

Description :—A perennial stemless plant with radical

leaves, and long naked peduncles, bearing a short spike of

flowers at their apices. ootstock thickened, not tuberous.

Leaves 30-45 cm. long, 1:5-1°8 cm. broad low down, strap-

shaped, acuminate, sheathing at the base, green, strongly and

acutely keeled, with smooth margins. Peduncle a little shorter

than the leaves, terete. Inflorescence 5 cm. long, dense, more

or less cylindric. Bracts 03-12 cm. long, 3-6 mm. broad,

ovate, obtuse or acute. Perianth-tube 3-4 cm. long, 5 mm. in

diameter at the throat, more or less cylindric, 6-veined ; .

lobes 2 mm. long, ovate, obtuse. Stamens 6, not all lengthen- :

ing at the same time, exserted in the lower flowers. Ovary :

3-celled, with many (12 or more) ovules in each cell; style |

exserted in the lower flowers ; stigma obtuse.

Pratr 47.—Fig. 1, plant, reduced; Fig. 2, inflorescence; Hig. 3, flower

with subtending bract; Fig. 4, leaf; Fig. 5, gynaecium; Figs. 6 and 7,

stamens, front and back view; Fig. 8, cross-section through the ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1922.

PO ee ee a ee

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K.A.Lansdell del.

Puate 48.

HELIOPHILA sgscanpens.

Natal.

CRUCIFERAE. Tribe SISYMBRIEAE.

Heniopuina, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 81.

Heliophila scandens, Harv. hee cae vol. ii. p. 43, t. 166; Bot. May.

t. 7668.

Harvey first described and figured this remarkable species

of Heliophila in 1863, from specimens which he received from

Mr. M‘Ken. The late Dr. Medley Wood sent a plant of it to

Kew in 1885, which flowered in the succulent house the

following year, and has continued to do so about mid-winter

ever since. From the plant which flowered at Kew a plate

was prepared for the Botanical Magazine, t. T7668.

According to the Kew authorities, in the whole of the

large Natural Order Cruciferae, embracing about 180 genera,

only two are recorded as having scandent species. They

are the South African Helophila and the Peruvian Cremo-

lobus, and the scandent habit is exceptional in these two

genera.

The plant may be found in shady places amongst shrubs —

along the coast near Durban and also at Inanda. The

present plate was prepared from specimens gathered near

Durban in July, 1914. The species is popularly known as the

“‘ Bridal Wreath.”

Description :—A climbing plant. Stem brown; branches

green, terete, glabrous. Leaves 2-5-5 cm. long, 1:2-2°5 cm.

broad, oblong to lanceolate, tapering at both ends, obtuse or

acute, gradually passing into a thickened, channelled and

usually recurved petiole, glabrous. lowers in axillary and

terminal racemes ; pedicels 1‘2-2°5 cm. long. Sepals oblong,

obtuse ; the two lateral ones with thickened dorsal wings.

Petals 0'8-1°2 cm. long, obovate-spathulate. Long stamens halt

as long as the petals; short stamens 4 mm. long; anthers

ovate. Ovary globose; style short; stigma capitate. Fruit

4-5 em. long, elliptic-oblong, flat, tipped by a short straight

style, 1-2-seeded.

Prats 48.—Fig. 1, portion of plant, nat. size; Fig. 2, flower; Figs. 3, 4,

and 5, stamens; Fig. 6, petal; Fig. 7, gynaecium ; Fig. 8, fruit. All enlarged

with the exception of Fig. 1.

F.P.8.A., 1922. ul

Pratt 49.

HOLMSKIOLDIA Spesctosa.

Transvaal.

VERBENACEAE, ‘Tribe VITICEAE.

Houmsxioup1s, Reiz.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 1156.

Holmskioldia speciosa, Hutchinson et Corbishley in Kew Bull. 1920, p. 332,

Fig, 1.

This beautiful and showy plant was first collected by

Dr. L. B. Pole Evans at Komati Poort in November, 1917, and

specimens sent to Kew were reported to be an undescribed

species of the genus. Sir Wm. Hoy, the General Manager of

the South African Railways, presented two living specimens

to the Division of Botany, Pretoria, and our plate was

prepared from these plants when they flowered.

The plant is a large bush 10-20 ft. high, and when in fall

bloom is one of the most conspicuous objects in the veld. The

calyx in this species very soon becomes almost fully developed,

and the young corolla is at first only visible as a minute ball

at the base of the saucer-shaped calyx.

Holmskioldia is a small genus with a curious distribution.

A handsome species, H. sanguinea, Retz, occurs in the foot-

hills of the Himalaya mountains of India at an altitude of

3000-5000 ft. H. tettensis, H. spinescens, and H. mucronata,

Vatke, are found in the basin of the Lower ZGambesi and

Shiré Rivers, and there is an unnamed species in Madagascar.

The genus is very closely related to Clerodendron, largely

represented in all these areas.

Description :—Branchlets woody, terete, shortly and softly

pubescent, marked with pale lenticels; internodes about

2 cm. long. Leaves broadly ovate, triangular at the apex,

broadly wedge-shaped at the base, 2-5-4 cm. long, 2-3 em.

broad, coarsely crenate, with few (about three) rounded teeth,

very shortly setulose above, paler below and conspicuously

glandular and shortly pubescent ; lateral nerves about three

on each side of the midrib; petiole 7 mm. long, densely

pubescent. Flowers few, arranged in axillary cymes about

II. c

4 cm. long ; peduncles slender, softly pubescent ; lower bracts

more or less leafy, spathulate-obovate, up to 7 mm. long;

pedicels up to 1°2 cm. long, with two small opposite linear

bracteoles above the middle. Calyx pink-coloured, gradually

enlarging, broadly top-shaped, glandular-pubescent outside ;

tube 1 cm. long, with broadly rounded lobes, the latter rigidly

membranous in the fruiting stage and expanding to 2°5 cm.

Corolla purple, 2-2°5 cm. long, glandular and softly pubescent

outside ; tube up to 1°5 cm. long. Stamens long exserted ;

filaments glabrous. Ovary hairy in the upper part; style

a little longer than the stamens, slender, glabrous. Frwit

truncate, 4-horned, included by the accrescent calyx.—

J. Hurcuinson.

Puate 49.—Fig. 1, calyx; Fig. 2, corolla bud; Fig. 3, stamen; Fig. 4,

pistil ; Fig. 5, young fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1922.

Ve as

K.A.Lansdell del.

Pruate 50.

RHAMPHICARPA tusBuLosa.

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. ‘Tribe GERARDIBAE.

Raampuicarpa, Benth.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 969.

Rhamphicarpa tubulosa, Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 368; Harv.

Thes. Cap. i. 36, t. 57; Fl. Cap. vol. iv. sect. 2, p. 399.

This species belongs to a small genus of plants which are

probably parasitic or semi-parasitic herbs. ‘Three species are

known in South Africa, and a few from Tropical Africa, Hast

India, and Australia. #. tubulosa also occurs in Tropical, and

is the most widely distributed member of the genus in South

Africa. In Natal it is always found in moist ground, edges

of pools, and similar habitats.

The plate was prepared from plants collected by the late

Dr. Medley Wood on the Berea Flats near Durban, Natal.

Description :—A herbaceous plant 12-60 cm. high. Stem

erect ; simple or occasionally sparsely branched, terete, some-

times furrowed on two sides, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves

opposite or subopposite, exstipulate, sessile or nearly so,

25-75 cm. long, up to 1:2 cm. broad, linear, slightly narrowed

at both ends, with entire margins and a prominent midrib,

glabrous. Injlorescence a few-flowered raceme ; pedicels 1°5—2°5

cm. long. Calyx-tube 1-2 cm.long; lobes spreading, lanceolate,

a little shorter than the tube, keeled. Corolla-tube about 2 cm.

long, narrowly subcylindric, more or less curved, glabrous or

minutely puberulous; lobes 1°5 cm. long, 0°8 cm. broad, obovate,

rounded, the upper 2 connate high up. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs ;

filaments clothed with long hairs, the upper pair shorter than

the lower pair; anthers 1-celled, oblong, dorsifixed. Ovary

oblong-ovoid; style terete; stigma thickened. Capsule 1:2

cm. long, 8 mm. in diameter, obliquely ovoid, obliquely

beaked at the apex, glabrous.

Prate 50.—Fig. 1, plant, natural size; Fig. 2, corolla, front view; Fig. 3,

corolla, back view; Fig. 4, stamens; Fig. 5, corolla laid open; Fig. 6,

gynaecium ; Hig. 7, cross-section of ovary; Hig. 8, calyx; Fig. 9, capsule. All

enlarged except Fig. 1.

F.P.S.A., 1922,

Prate dl.

GAZANIA susubata.

Cape Province.

Compositar. Tribe ARCTOTIDEAE.

GazaniA, Gaertn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 459.

Gazania subulata, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. II. vol. v. p. 140;

Fl. Cap. vol. iii. p. 473.

The native species of Gazania receive perhaps more atten-

tion from gardeners than other groups of South African

Compositae. This is due to their easy cultivation and the

brightness of their “flowers.” The general names ‘ Gous-

blom” and ‘ Marigolds” are applied indiscriminately to

various species of Gazania, Arctotis and Dimorphotheca.

Our plate was prepared from plants flowering at the

Division of Botany, Pretoria. The plant is acaulescent and

forms a compact clump about 2 feet in diameter. It flowers

freely and is easily propagated. We hope in future numbers

to illustrate all the better known kinds of ‘‘Gousblom,”’

especially some of the beautiful Namaqualand species.

Our specimen bears out Harvey’s statement that this

species and G. longiscapa are scarcely distinct, as it agrees

with G. subulata in having the peduncle pilose and with

G. longiscapa in the cartilaginous-ciliate leaves which are

glabrous on the mid-rib below.

Specimens of the plant figured are preserved in the

National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. 1447).

Dzuscription:—An acaulescent plant. Leaves radical, crowded,

10-40 cm. long, 2-6 mm. broad, linear, subacute, with a

short spine at the apex, narrowed and channelled below and

sheathing at the base, dark green and glabrous above, white

tomentose beneath, except on the midrib, with the margins

spinulose-ciliate. Peduncle 24 cm. long, terete, hollow, pilose

on the uppermost third, with 1 or 2 bracts. Jnvolucral scales

connate at the base; tube 1 cm. long, 7 mm. in diameter,

glabrous, intruse at the base ; scales in three rows, 1-1°5 cm.

long; the outer linear-acuminate, acute, with spinulose

margins ; the inner ovate, acuminate, acute, with membranous

margins. Heceptacle convex, honeycombed. ARay-florets

neuter, 3°2 cm. long; the limb 1:2 em. broad, obovate-oblong,

obtuse, with a broad mouse-coloured band beneath and about

15-veined. Disc florets hermaphrodite, 1:2 cm. long; tube

5-angled ; lobes 4 mm. long, linear-oblong, obtuse. Anthers

minutely tailed at the base. Pappus of delicate linear

acuminate scales hidden by the long hairs which cover the

ovary. Ovary densely villous; style with a thickened ring

about the middle; lobes linear, obtuse.

Puate 51.—FVig. 1, flowers and leaves; Fig. 2, upper portion of style ;

Fig. 3, stamens; Fig. 4, longitudinal section of capitulum with hairs from

ovary removed; Fig. 5, corolla laid open ; Fig. 6, disc-floret, showing pappus,

with hairs from the ovary removed; Fig. 7, plant, much reduced.

HP .S:A., 1922:

5: , = aan a

ee eS ee ees ™

Puate 52.

PELARGONIUM cRAssIcAULE.

South-West Africa.

GERANIACEAE. Tribe PELARGONIBAE.

PriarGonium, L’Her.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 273.

Pelargonium crassicaule, L’Her. Ger. t. 36; Fl. Cap. vol. i. p. 299.

This species of Pelargonium is one of the many botanical

curiosities found in the arid regions of South-West Africa,

where the native plants have to contend against very adverse

conditions. In the dry season the plant loses its leaves and

assumes a knobby appearance due to the thick rather woody

stems. The leaves appear after the rains and are more or less

crowded at the ends of the branches.

The species was first discovered by Mr. Ant. Hove in 1786

in South-West Africa, and was introduced by him into Kew

Gardens the same year. In 1799 a figure was published in

the Botanical Magazine (t. 477) prepared from a plant which

flowered with Messrs. Grimwood & Co., Kensington, London.

Though this figure does not quite agree with our specimen in

the markings of the petals, we have no doubt that it repre-

sents the plant here illustrated, which can only be considered

as a variety.

Our plant was collected by Dr, I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G.,

who states that it is common on rocky outcrops in the Nabib

Desert at Luderitzbuch. It has been established and flowered

at the Gardens of the Division of Botany, Pretoria. Speci-

mens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria

(Herb. No. 1452).

Description :—Stems woody and swollen, with blackish

bark. Leaves crowded at the apex of the branches; petioles

4-11 cm. long, semiterete, finely pilose with reflexed hairs ;

lamina 2-5 cm. long, 2-4°5 cm. broad, rounded-ovate, slightly

3-lobed, rounded above, cuneate at the base and merging into

the petiole, with crinkled bluntly dentate margins and

prominent veins beneath, finely pilose above and below;

stipules brown, 4 mm. long, acuminate from an ovate base.

Pedunele 7:5 cm. long, terete, finely pilose with reflexed hairs,

branching above. Jnvolucral bracts 1:2 cm. long, lanceolate,

acute, pilose. Umbel 6-flowered; pedicels about 1-2 cm. long.

Flowers faintly sweet scented. Petals 1:25 cm. long, 6 mm.

broad, obovate, rounded or truncate at the apex; the three

lower produced into a linear claw 2 mm. long; the two upper

slightly connate. Calyx-tube 2 mm. long, terete, pilose ;

sepals all pilose; upper sepal erect, 8 mm. long, 2°5 mm.

broad, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse; lower and lateral sepals

reflexed, 8 mm. long, 1:°5-2 mm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse.

Stamens 7, in three rows of 2, 3 and 2; filaments linear,

4-7 mm. long, connate at the base; anthers 1°75 mm. long,

oblong; staminodes 3, shorter than the filaments. Ovary

1:5 mm. long, densely pilose above; styles united for 1:5 mm.

and then separating into 5 stigmas 1:5 mm. long.

PratE 52.—Fig. 1, plant as it appears in dry seasons; Fig. 2, plant with

leaves and flowers; Fig. 3, lamina of leaf; Fig. 4, involucre at base of flowers ;

Fig. 5, back view of flower; Fig. 6, petals; Fig. 7, calyx with stamens ;

Fig. 8, filaments and staminodes; Fig. 9, gynaecium.

E.P.8.A., 1922.

Puate 53.

ANDROCYMBIUM menantatorpss.

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal.

LintaceAg. ‘Tribe ANGUILLARIEAE.

AnprocymBium, Willd. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 822.

Androcymbium melanthioides, Willd. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl: Mag.

vol. ii. p. 21; FU. Cap. vol. vi. p. 517.

The genus Androcymbium is represented by about eighteen

species, two of which are known from the Mediterranean

Region and two from Tropical Africa, the remainder of the

species being confined to South Africa.

Our plate was prepared from specimens collected by Dr.

I. B. Pole Evans at Silverton, near Pretoria, in May, 1921,

and represents the best known and most widely distributed

species of the genus. The plant shows the characteristic

habit of all the species, viz. stemless, with the flower head

hidden by large bracts which may be white, green, or purplish.

In cultivation it does not lend itself to planting out, but makes

a striking and pleasing object when placed singly in pots.

Specimens of the plant figured are preserved in the

National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. 1451).

Descriretion:—A stemless plant. Bulb about 1:5 cm. in

diameter, globose, covered with more or less hardened black

tunics. Leaves 2-8, 14-22 cm. long, linear from an ovate

base, acutely acuminate, glabrous. Bracts white or purplish,

several, 3-8°5 cm. long, ‘8-3°5 cm. broad, oblong, ovate-oblong

or ovate, obtuse or sometimes apiculate at the apex, some-

times acuminate, many nerved (up to 50-nerved). Head about

6-flowered, hidden and overtopped by the bracts. Bracts sub-

tending the flowers about 3°5 cm. long, lanceolate, acute,

5-nerved. Pedicel 3 mm. long, 2°5 mm. broad above, obovoid,

fleshy. Perianth segments produced into a distinct claw; claw

5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, with a more or less distinct keel;

blade 6 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, ovate, cucullate, acuminate,

3-keeled. Stamens inserted at the junction of the claw and

blade ; filaments 9 mm. long, terete; anthers 3 mm. long,

elliptic. Ovary 6 mm. long, 2°5 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid,

subtrigonous; styles free, 8 mm. long, terete; stigma simple.

Prate 53.—Fig. 1, plant viewed from above (reduced); Fig. 2, in-

florescence; Fig. 3, flower with bract; Fig. 4, perianth segment with stamen,

front view; Fig. 5, perianth segment with stamen, side view; Fig. 6,

gynaecium.

¥.P.S.A., 1922.

SS)

Jovy oe Ss

S.Gower del.

Prats 54,

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM atoipzs.

Bechuanaland.

Ficoipnaz. Tribe MESEMBRYANTHEMEAE.

MesEmMBrYANTHEMoM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. vol. i. p. 853.

Mesembryanthemum aloides, Haw. Suppl. p. 88; Fl. Cap. vol. ii. p. 396.

This extremely rare plant, which was first found by

Burchell at Metlowing and at Jabirn Fontein, near Takun

in Bechuanaland, in 1812, was recently rediscovered by Dr.

I. B. Pole Evans near Postmas Berg, and has been estab-

lished in the garden of the Division of Botany, Pretoria. In

the Journal of the Innnean Society (vol. xlv. p. 123) for 1920,

Mr. N. E. Brown gives a fuller description of the species

based mainly on a coloured drawing of the plant made by

Burchell, who states that the roots are ‘‘ eaten by natives asa

substitute for better food.”

The specimen from which the present plate was prepared.

flowered at Pretoria in August, and has enabled us to draw up

a more complete description.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium.

Description :—A stemless plant. Root thick and woody.

Leaves tufted, 8-12 in a cluster, forming a rosette about 9 cm.

in diameter, 3-5°5 cm. long, 1-1:7 cm. broad in the widest

part, lanceolate-spathulate viewed from above, acuminate,

obtuse, mucronate at the apex and shaped like the bow of a

boat, slightly narrowed at the base and sheathing, flat above,

keeled beneath, dotted with white spots on both surfaces.

Flowers lemon-yellow, sessile between the leaves. Calya-tube

2-2. cm. long, widening from a cylindrical base to 1:2 cm. in

diameter above, sparsely pustulate above; lobes of two

different lengths, pustulate ; the longer 1-7 cm. long, ovate,

acuminate ; the shorter 9 mm. long with membranous margins.

Corolla 2:5 cm. in diameter when expanded; petals up to

1 cm. long, 1 mm. broad, linear, obtuse. Filaments about

5 mm. long, hairy at the base. Ovary 10-celled ; styles 10 free.

Fruit not seen.

Pirate 54.—Fig. 1, calyx and calyx lobes; Fig. 2, petal; Fig. 3, stamen ;

Fig. 4, top of ovary showing styles; Fig. 5, transverse section of ovary;

Fig. 6, longitudinal section of leaf; Fig. 7, transverse section of leaf near the

apex; Fig. 8, apex of leaf.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 55,

ALOE striata.

Cape Province.

Lintacear. Tribe ALOINEAE.

Ator, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe striata, Haw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. vii. p. 18; Syn. p. 81;

Fl. Cap. vol. vi. p. 311.

This is the well-known “‘ Coral Aloe” of South Africa. It

is typical of both the Upper and Lower Karroo regions and

also of the Namaqualand region. The species is generally

found on dry rocky slopes, and the plants assume a sub-

decumbent position, very rarely growing erect. It is the only

South African species of Aloe which bears leaves without

prickly teeth. In the dry summer season the leaves lose their

bluish-grey colour and become a copper-red, which gives the

plants a very characteristic appearance in the veld. A large

number of hybrids have been raised by crossing this species

with others belonging to the Saponaria group, and a hybrid,

described as Aloe Lynchii, was obtained between this and

Gasteria verrucosa.

The late Prof. MacOwan states that sun-birds (Nectarineae)

are the pollinating agents of Aloe striata and some other

species of Aloe, and if the birds are kept away by covering

the inflorescence with wire netting, few or no capsules are

produced.

Our specimen was collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans at

Dassie Deur near Port Elizabeth, and flowered in the garden

of the Division of Botany, Pretoria, in August.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium.

Description: — Stem underground. Leaves about 13,

crowded in a basal rosette, up to 30 cm. long, 6-11°5 cm.

broad, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or the inner ovate, acu-

minate, flat, bluish-grey, glaucous, faintly many-nerved, with

pink margins. Peduncle about 24 cm. long, branched above ;

at the base flat on one side, convex on the other ; in the upper

portion semiterete. Inflorescence a panicle of racemes, the

ultimate racemes 6-9 cm. long, lax. Bracts subtending the

racemes about 1 cm. long, membranous, ovate, acuminate.

Floral bracts 3 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute, membranous.

Pedicels about 1 cm. long, spreading. Flowers more or less

pendulous. Perianth-tube in mature flowers 2 cm. long, globose

at the base, then slightly constricted, then gradually widening

into a tube 6 mm. in diameter at the throat; lobes about

3 mm. long, ovate, rounded at the apex. Stamens included or

slightly exserted; filaments attached at the base of the

perianth-tube, 1:7 cm. long; anthers about 1 mm. long.

Ovary 5 vam. long, oblong; style 1:7 cm. long, terete; stigma

faintly 3-lobed. Immature fruit 2 cm. long, 1:1 cm. in diameter,

ellipsoid, subtrigonous.

Prats 55.—Fig. 1, plant showing characteristic habit; Fig. 2, transverse

section of leaf; Fig. 3, flower; Fig. 4, bract; Fig. 5, stamen; Fig. 6, young

fruit.

B.P.S.A., 1922.

e495 my. ad bt a pe a ee a oe a ly é sh ae Fs re ¥ ‘ i i é a“ ta; a

‘TPP Tanmoy' Ss

Pratt 56.

POLYXENA HAEMANTHOIDES.

Cape Province.

Lintaczaz. Tribe Scinueaz.

Ponyxena, Kunth; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 807.

Polyxena haemanthoides, Baker in Hook. Ic. t. 1727; Fl. Cap. vol. vi.

p. 420.

This rare species was recently collected by Dr. Marloth in

the Calvinia Division, and to our knowledge has not been

collected since the late Dr. Bolus discovered it on the Nieuw-

veld Mountains near Fraserburg over thirty years ago.

Polyzena is a small endemic genus of about a dozen species,

the majority of which are very little known, as most of them

have not been collected since they were first found by the early

Cape botanical collectors. Baker, who described and figured

this species in Hooker’s cones, remarks, ‘‘ The affinity of this

interesting novelty is evidently close with Massoma rugulosa

of Lichtenstein and M. marginata of Willdenow, of neither of

which we possess specimens in the Kew Herbarium.” Both of

them fall under the genus Polyzena, as defined in the Genera

Plantarum. Specimens preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1448).

Description :—Bulb about 3-4 cm. in diameter, ovoid.

Leaves two, lying flat on the ground, 7 cm. long, 2°5—3 cm.

broad, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, narrowing at the

base, glabrous, about 10-nerved, with scabrous margins.

Inflorescence a contracted raceme, about 12-flowered. Bracts

white, 5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate. lowers sessile;

perianth-tube 1:3 cm. long, 3°5 mm. in diameter, slightly

compressed; lobes in 2 rows, 9 mm. long, 3 mm. broad,

lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, glandular at the apex. Stamens

in a single row; filaments united into a tube at the base,

15 cm. long; anthers 3 mm. long, linear, versatile. Ovary

6 mm. long, oblong in outline; style 1°5 cm. long, terete ;

stigma simple.

Prate 56,—Hig. 1, leaf; Fig. 2, inflorescence showing coma; Fig. 3,

flower; Fig. 4, flower in longitudinal section; Vig. 5, upper portion of

perianth showing stamens and style; Hig. 6, apex of perianth lobe.

E.P.S.A., 1922,

f Puate 57.

DIMORPHOTHECA spEcTABILIs.

Transvaal.

ComposiTaE. Tribe CALENDULACEAE. -

DimorpeHotHEca, Moench. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 453.

Dimorphotheca spectabilis, Schlir. in Journ. Bot. vol. xxxv. p. 220 (1897).

For quite a considerable time this common and well-

known Dimorphotheca was placed in herbaria under the name

of Dimorphotheca Ecklonis, and Harvey, who examined speci-

mens of this plant collected by Burke and Zeyher on the

Aapies River and Magaliesberg, also included it under D.

Ecklonis. Dr. Schlechter first recognised that the Transvaal

plant was an undescribed species, but apparently did not

realise that Burke and Zeyher had collected the plant close

on a hundred years ago, as he founded his description on

specimens collected by Mr. H. EH. Galpin, F'.L.S., in 1887, on

the Saddleback Mountains, Barberton.

Dimorphotheca spectabilis is a spring flowering plant, and is

common around Pretoria during the months of September and

October. It is a well-grown plant with large mauve flowers,

and if introduced into cultivation would be an acquisition to

any garden. The plant sets seed freely, and could easily be

raised by this means. The species is poisonous, and in ex-

periments carried out by the Division of Veterinary Research,

the plant was found to cause death in sheep fed on it.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1470).

Description :—An herbaceous plant 24-40 cm. high with

one or more stems arising from the apex of a stout deep

underground root. Stem terete, faintly furrowed, covered

with short glandular hairs. Leaves 2-4 cm. long, ‘6-1 cm.

broad, lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate, obtuse, tapering upwards

from a broad base, sometimes slightly narrowed at the base,

with a prominent midrib and two faint lateral nerves more

distinct on the upper surface, punctate-glandular on both

surfaces, and with glandular hairs beneath, ciliate with

glandular hairs. Flower head solitary at the ends of the stems.

Peduncle 6-10 cm. long, terete, furrowed, glandular-pubescent.

Involucral-scales in 2 rows, somewhat connate at the base,

1:3-2 em. long, ovate, acuminate, acute with membranous

margins, glandular-pubescent. Receptacle 7 mm. broad, con-

vex, hollow. Ray florets female. Corolla-tube 2 mm. long,

cylindric, glandular-pilose; limb 2 cm. long, 4 mm. broad,

linear, 3-toothed at the apex, glandular-pilose on the back at -

the base. Style as long as the corolla-tube. Disc florets her-

maphrodite. Corolla-tube 5 mm. long, cylindric, constricted

and narrower near the base, sparsely covered with glandular

hairs on the broader portion of the tube; lobes 2 mm. long,

almost 1 mm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse. F%lamenits 4 mm.

long, linear; anthers 3°5 mm. long, with deep golden-yellow

pollen. Pappus none. Ovary 3 mm. long, flattened, winged

and 2-horned at the apex; style 6 mm. long, cylindric;

lobes 1 mm. long, truncate at the apex. Fruit 1:5 cm. long,

flattened, orbicular, with a circular wing.

Prats 57.—Fig. 1, whole plant showing habit (reduced); Fig. 2, flower

bud; Hig. 3, disk flower; Vig. 4, ray flower with ovary removed.

B.P.S.A., 1922.

Sea

K.A.Lansdell del.

Pratt 58.

MIMETES capitunata.

Cape Province.

PrRoTEACEAE. Tribe PRorgar.

Mimetes, Salisb.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 171 (partly).

Mimetes capitulata, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. x. p. 106; Fl. Cap.

vol. v. sect. i. p. 644.

The genus Mimetes constitutes a small group of South

African Proteaceae of nine species, all confined to the South-

Western area of the Cape Province. The genus was first

founded by Salisbury, but for over one hundred years after-

wards plants belonging to two other distinct genera were

placed under the name Mimetes. One of these, Orothamnus

Zeyherr, we figured on Plate 38 of this work. Like a great

many other groups of South African plants the species of

Mimetes have not been extensively collected, and we are

indebted to Mr. T. P. Stokoe, of Cape Town, who has

rediscovered so many interesting plants on the Hottentot

Hollands Mountains, for the opportunity of figuring the

present species. ‘The examination of the fresh material has

enabled us to add a few descriptive details to the description

given in the Flora Capensis.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1457).

Description :—Branches villous. Leaves 1:°2-3 cm. long,

*5-1'5 cm. broad, lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate or ovate,

gradually narrowed to an obtuse callous apex, a little narrowed

at the base, entire, coriaceous, indistinctly 3-nerved, densely

adpressed-villous with silky hairs. Heads sessile, 2°5—3°3 cm.

long, 10-16 flowered, in the axils of the leaves at the ends of

the branches. Jnvolucral-bracts 5—6-seriate, varying from

linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, more or less narrowed

at the base, membranous, pubescent outside, long-ciliate.

Receptacle long-setose. Perianth-segments free or nearly so,

25-3 cm. long, linear-filiform, slightly widened for about

5 mm. at the base, plumose, limb about 4 mm. long, linear-

lanceolate, subacute, long-villous on the back. <Anthers sub-

sessile, about 2 mm. long, linear, with a lanceolate, subacute,

concave apical gland. Hypogynous scales 1 mm. long, linear,

obtuse, white. Ovary 2 mm. long, oblong in outline,

pubescent ; style 4 cm. long, subcylindric above, furrowed on

the lower half and usually twisted at the junction with the

ovary, swollen with an ellipsoid portion below the stigma,

glabrous ; stigma about 4 mm. long, furrowed, with an oblique

ovoid acuminate subacute apex and with a distinct collar at

the base.

Prats 58.—Fig. 1, capitulum; Fig. 2, a single flower showing portion of

hairy receptacle; Fig. 3, perianth segment; Fig. 4, pistil.

OEE Sen, USP.

Puate 59.

ERYTHRINA carrra.

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal.

Lecuminosaz. Tribe PHASEOLEAE.

Eryturina, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 531.

Erythrina caffra, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 559; FI. Cap. vol. ii. p. 236 ;

Wood, Natal Plants, pl. 542.

This species is a common tree in the eastern parts of the

Cape Province and also in the coastal and midland districts

of Natal. The plant is known as the “ Kaffir Boom,” and to

children in Natal as “‘Cockie Doodles.’”’ The Zulu name for

the tree is “‘ Umsini.”

The wood is very soft, and the only use to which it is put

is for fencing poles, as it easily takes root and is free from the

attack of termites. The scarlet seeds are strung as necklaces.

In various parts of the country the tree may be seen in

cultivation, and when in full bloom the bright scarlet flowers

make it extremely ornamental. The tree is deciduous and

the flowers appear in spring while the plant is still leafless,

but occasionally leaves and flowers may be produced at the

same time.

Our plate was prepared from material collected by Miss

K. A. Lansdell on the Berea, Durban, Natal. Specimens are

preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb.

No. 1455).

Description :=-A tree 6-17 m. high. Branches pale-

coloured, rugose, prickly, the prickles dark-coloured, up to

7 mm. or more long, broad at the base, usually a little curved,

very sharp. Leaves clustered near the ends of the twigs,

trifoliolate : common petiole up to 21 cm. long, unarmed;

terminal leaflet 6°5-9 cm. long, 9—11°5 cm. broad, ovate or

sometimes sub 3-lobed, usually acuminate, more or less

cuneate at the base, glabrous with two small glands at the

base of the petiolule ; lateral leaflets 6-5-9 cm. long, 6-5-9 cm.

broad, similar in shape to the terminal leaflet, usually

acuminate, glabrous. Inflorescence a many-flowered dense

raceme, 4:6 cm. long; flowers pendulous: peduncle dark

brown, 7°5—15 cm. long, terete, velvety. Calyx up to 1 cm.

long, more or less tubular campanulate, 2-lipped, velvety-

brown outside. Veailum up to 5 cm. long, 2°5 cm. broad

when. expanded, conduplicate, falcate; alae yellow-green,

4—8 mm. long, oblong, curved; carina equalling the alae.

Stamens 10, exserted; the vexillary filament free to the base.

Ovary stalked, villous; stigma simple. Legume few-seeded,

constricted between the seeds. Seeds scarlet, with a black

hilum.

Prater 59.—Fig. 1, vexillum; Fig. 2, carina; Fig. 3, wing; Fig. 4, calyx ;

Fig. 5, stamens; Fig. 6, gynaecium ; Fig. 7, fruit, showing one seed.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 60.

SPARAXIS GRANDIFLORA.

Cape Province.

Ipntpacear. ‘Tribe [x1naz.

Sparaxis, Ker; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 708.

Sparaxis grandiflora, Ker in Koniy and Sims’ Ann. i. 225; FI. ge

vol. vi. p. 116.

The plant here figured was introduced into Kew Gardens

in the year 1758. Though it has been more than once

illustrated in botanical publications, we do not apologise for

reproducing this coloured illustration of one of the common

bulbs found in so many gardens at the Cape. The species

grandiflora is represented by many colour varieties, and is

probably the same as the plant described as Spirazis trocolor,

which only appears to differ from it in the colour markings on

the perianth. The variety here figured is probably the form

originally described under the name Spiraxis atropurpurea.

The specimens were collected by Dr. R. Marloth, who

forwarded them to the Division of Botany, Pretoria, where

they flowered in August. They are preserved in the National

Herbarium (Herb. No. 1454).

Description :—Bulb 1°3 cm. long, 13 cm. in diameter,

covered with light-coloured fibrous tunics. Leaves about 10 to

a bulb, distichous; the lower leaves about 5 cm. long and

4 mm. broad; the upper up to 26 cm. long and 1:2 cm. broad ;

all linear, acuminate, acute, with a distinct midrib and the

inner margin membranous, sheathing at the base, glabrous.

Inflorescence shorter than the upper leaves; peduncle about

12 cm. long, clasped and hidden by the inner leaves. Flowers

about 6 to an inflorescence, purple. Bracts membranous, 1 cm.

long, awned or lacerated with the awns up to 1:2 cm. long.

Perianth-tube 9 mm. long, cylindric in the lower half, cam-

panulate in the upper half; lobes 1°5 cm. long, 7 mm. broad,

spathulate-obovate. Stamens attached to the throat of the

perianth-tube ; filaments 9 mm. long; anthers 1:3 cm. long,

linear, eared at the base. Ovary 4 mm. long, 2:5 mm. in

diameter, oblong; style 1:5 cm. long, terete; stigmas 8 mm.

long.

Prate 60.—Fig. 1, perianth laid open; Fig. 2, bract; Fig. 3, stamen ;

Fig. 4, style and stigmas.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 61.

CORYCIUM crispum.

Cape Province, Little Namaqualand.

ORCHIDACEAE, Tribe OPHRYDEAE.

Corycrum, Sw. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 683.

Corycium crispum, Sw. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh., 1800, 222; Bolus,

Orchids of South Africa, vol. i. t. 45; Fl. Cap. vol. v. sect. 3, p. 286.

This extremely pretty little orchid was sent to us by Mrs.

HE. Rood from Van Rhynsdorp in August. Though the late

Dr. Bolus published a figure of this species in his ‘‘ Orchids

of South Africa,” we again reproduce a plate of the plant, and

it is the first member of the family Orchidaceae to appear in

this work. The species is fairly common in the Cape Province

extending from the Cape Peninsula up to Clanwilliam and

Van Rhynsdorp and into Little Namaqualand. It has been

known to botanical science for a considerable time, and was

first described under its present name over 100 years ago.

The species belongs to the large group of terrestrial orchids

which are characteristic of the south-western region of the

Cape Province, the few epiphytic orchids which are found in

South Africa being mostly confined to the forest regions of

the Hastern Province and the Northern Transvaal.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1467).

Description :—Plant up to 18 cm. high. Tuber3 cm. long,

15 cm. in diameter, egg-shaped. Leaves cauline, somewhat

spreading and imbricate, 8-10 cm. long, 2°5 cm. broad, linear-

lanceolate to ovate, very acuminate, with undulate margins.

Inflorescence 9-10 cm. long, many-flowered. SBracts 2 cm. long,

1-7 cm. broad, ovate, shortly acuminate, as long as the ovary.

Flowers sessile. Dorsal sepal 8 mm. long, linear; lateral sepals

connate into a bilobed limb, erect in young flowers, becoming

deflexed in older flowers. Side petals 8 mm. long, 6 mm.

broad above, deeply concave and saccate at the base; lip

adnate to the column, horizontal, with a limb 5 mm. broad

from a distinct claw. Arms of rostellum rounded, recurved

and projecting into the concavity of the side petals.

Prats 61.—Fig. 1, bract; Fig. 2, petal; Fig. 3, dorsal sepal; Fig. 4, lip;

Fig. 5, ovary; Fig. 6, column showing anthers; Fig. 7, column showing

stigmas ; Fig. 8, side view of column.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Pruate 62.

ALOE eExcezsa.

Rhodesia.

Liniaceage. ‘Tribe ALOINEAE.

Atoz, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe excelsa, Berger in Notizblatt Berl. Bot. Gart. u. Museums, vol. iv. (1906)

247; Das Pflanzenreich, vol. iv. 38, p. 314.

This arborescent Aloe forms one of the most conspicuous

features of the vegetation of the Matoppos in Rhodesia in

July and August, when it brightens up the Kopjes with its

crimson flowers. Full-grown plants vary in height from

15-20 feet, and one of their chief characteristics is the grace-

ful recurving of the ends of the leaves. Our illustration is

made from one of the many plants of this species which adorn

the rockeries of the Union Buildings, and which were col-

lected by Mr. J. Wickens on the Matoppos. The plants

thrive well in Pretoria, and attract consideration through

their deep carmine inflorescence. They flower in Pretoria

during August and September.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium

(Herb. No. 1453).

Description :—Aborescent up to 5-63 m. high. Stems

about 3-4 cm. in diameter. Leaves crowded and forming a

rosette at the end of the stem up to 0:2 m, long, 8-9 cm.

broad at the base, gradually narrowing to the apex, lanceolate-

ovate, acuminate, with the uppermost third gracefully re-

curved, deeply channelled above, convex beneath, with spines

along the margin and with spines on the under surface ;

spines 4 mm. long, 5 mm. apart below and about 2°6 cm.

apart on the upper portion of the leaf. Inflorescence a panicle ;

peduncle 13-16 cm. long, compressed, convex on both sur-

faces, with a prominent ridge on either side. Bracts ovate,

acute, membranous. Ultimate racemes 22-25 cm. long, 5°5 cm.

in diameter, cylindric, densely many-flowered. loral-bracts

brown, about 5 mm. long, 5 mm. broad at the base, ovate,

acute. lowers subsessile ; perianth-tube 1 cm. long, 5 mm. in

diameter, oblong in outline; lobes 1°8 cm. long, 0°6 mm.

broad, oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, the outer with a small rostrate

body just below the apex; the inner perianth-segments free

to the base. Ovary 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, oblong; style

2°7 cm. long, cylindric; stigma simple.

Prats 62.—Fig. 1, plant much reduced ; Fig. 2, stamens; Fig. 3. perianth-

segments ; Fig. 4, apices of outer and inner perianth-segments ; Fig. 5, flower ;

Fig. 6, bract; Fig. 7, leaf; Fig. 8, transverse section of leaf.

FP.S.A., 1922.

K.A.Lansdell del.

63.

Pate 63.

GLADIOLUS atatus, var. NAMAQUENSIS.

Cape Province.

Tripaceaz. ‘Tribe Ixtmaz,

Guapiowus, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 709.

Gladiolus alatus, var. namaquensis, Buker in FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 159 ;

G. namaquensis, Ker. in Bot. Mag, t. 592.

This plant is a variety of the Cape ‘‘ Kalkoentje” (Gladiolus

alatus), and might conveniently be called the “ Namaqua

Kalkoentje.” This particular variety has been known for

almost 200 years, and in the Banksian Herbarium in the

British Museum is a well-preserved specimen which was

collected by Masson in Namaqualand. A figure of the plant

prepared from specimens which flowered in England was

published in the Botanical Magazine in 1801.

In the veld groups of plants are usually found together,

each forming a corm which has developed as an offshoot from

the parent corm. This character would render the plant easy

of propagation.

We are indebted to Mrs. E. Rood of van Rhynsdorp for

specimens which were received by the Division of Botany in

September, 1921. They are preserved in the National

Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. 1468).

Description :—Corm covered with fibrous tunics. Stem

with a basal sheath 2:5-3°5 cm. long. Leaves four, decreasing

in size upwards ; the outermost leaf 13-15 cm. long, 2°5-3 cm.

broad ; upper leaves 7-12 cm. long, ‘5-2°1 cm. broad, all

lanceolate, acuminate, clasping and equitant at the base,

5-nerved, with reddish margins; the innermost almost wholly

clasping. Visible peduncle about 11 cm. long, 3-flowered.

Outer-bracts 4 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, boat-shaped, acuminate,

sharply keeled, with keel and margins reddish-brown ; inner

similar to the outer but bifid at the apex. Perianth-tube 1 cm.

long, cylindric below, campanulate above; upper segments

2'°5 cm. long, 2:2 cm. broad, ovate, subacuminate ; 2 lower

segments 2 cm. long, 5 mm. broad above, obovate, narrowed

into a long linear claw ; the lowermost segment 1:1 cm. broad,

ovate, subacuminate. laments 1:5 cm. long, cylindric;

anthers 1:3 cm. long, linear. Ovary 8 mm. long, 2-5 mm. in

diameter, narrowly ellipsoid; style 3 cm. long, filiform ; lobes

5 mm. long, linear, slightly broadened above, rounded and

bifid at the apex. :

Pratt 63.—Fig. 1, corm’; Fig. 2, lower perianth-segment ; Fig. 3, lateral

perianth segment; Fig. 4, stamens, front and side view; Fig. 5, style and

stigmas.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

S.Gower del.

Puate 64.

GAZANIA pyemaga.

Transvaal.

ComposiTaE. Tribe ARCTOTIDEAE.

Gazantia, Gaertn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 459.

Gazania pygmaea, Sond. in Linnaea, vol. xxiii. p.69; Fl. Cap. vol. iii. p. 478.

During the month of September the veld round Pretoria is

carpeted with the white flowers of this little Gazania. It is

one of the first, if not the first plant to flower on burnt veld,

and the contrast in colour between the white flowers and the

young green grass is very striking. While so extremely

common during the spring months, this species appears to be

little known botanically. It was evidently first collected by

the botanist Karl Zeyher on the Magaliesberg about the year

1841, and the description in the Flora Capensis based on

Zeyher’s specimen is the most recent published information

we have about this species. The plants are tufted, several

underground stems arising from a stout tap-root.

The present plate was prepared from specimens collected

by Mr. D. Fouche on the outskirts of Pretoria. Specimens are

preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria.

Description :—Acaulescent plants with several subterranean

_ stems from the apex of the deep tap-root. Leaves crowded,

radical, 2°5-6°5 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, linear, with an acute

callous at the apex, attenuated at the base, somewhat

channelled above, hispid on the upper surface, woolly-canescent

beneath except on the midrib, entire, spinulose-ciliate. Heads

many to each root. Peduncle about 3°5 cm. long, sparsely

woolly, especially beneath the involucre, or subglabrous.

Involucral-tube T mm. long, 6 mm. in diameter, turbinate ;

lobes in 4 rows ; outer lobes 6 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, linear,

obtuse, spinulose-ciliate ; inner lobes 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad,

ovate, obtuse with reddish-brown membranous margins. Hay-

florets neuter, white with a purplish band beneath; corolla

tube 7 mm. long, cylindric; limb 1‘7 mm. long, 4°5 mm. broad,

lanceolate, bifid at the apex, with each lobe minutely 2-toothed,

about 7-nerved and distinctly 2-keeled beneath. Disc-florets

hermaphrodite ; corolla-tube 6 mm. long, subcylindric, some-

what 5-angled, glabrous; lobes 1°5 mm. long, ‘5 mm. broad,

lanceolate, obtuse. Pappus of hyaline linear scales 1°5 mm.

long. Ovary covered with long silky hairs; style 7 mm. long,

cylindric (lengthening with age); stigmas ‘75 long, linear,

obtuse.

PratE 64.—Fig. 1, young flower head ; Fig. 2, section through involucre ;

Fig. 3, flower head just before opening ; Fig. 4, surface view of flower head ;

Fig. 5, corolla of ray-florets ; Fig. 6, disc floret; Vig. 7, leaf; all variously

enlarged.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

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Puate 65.

ORNITHOGALUM Tuunperetanum.

Cape Province.

Liniaceagk. Tribe ScinLEAr.

OrnitHocaLum, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 815.

Ornithogalum Thunbergianum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii. p. 269 ;

Fl. Cap. vol, vi. p. 497.

Ornithogalum Thunbergianum, the ‘‘ Yellow Chinkerichee,”

is found in the Malmesbury, Paarl, and Van Rhynsdorp

Districts of Cape Province. It was found by Carl Thunberg

at Saldana Bay about the year 1772, and named by him

O. maculatum, but as this specific name had already been

given to a plant figured by Jacquin, the late Mr. Baker

redescribed the species here dealt with and named it after

Thunberg, although there is some doubt as to whether the

plant figured by Jacquin is specifically distinct from 0.

Thunbergianum.

The perianth is a beautiful ‘ flame scarlet” colour with a

black mark at the tip of the three outer segments. The

species should be grown by all lovers of our native flora, and

would well repay cultivation.

We are indebted to Mrs. HE. Rood, Van Rhynsdorp, for

specimens which enabled us to prepare the present plate.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria

(Herb. No. 1469).

Description :—Bulb 2-3 cm. long, 2-3 cm. in diameter,

ovoid or compressed-globose, covered with thin membranous

tunics. Leaves withering at time of flowering, 5-10 cm. long,

1 cm. broad below, ovate-linear, tapering to an acute apex,

glabrous, glaucous-green. Peduncle 12-38 cm. long, terete,

rigid,glabrous. Inflorescence 2-6-flowered. Bracts membranous,

2°3-2°5 cm. long, linear-oblong, acuminate, more or less

clasping and equalling the pedicel. Pedicels 1:‘7 cm. long,

terete, the lower somewhat arcuate. Perianth segments 2—2°3

long, ‘8-1 cm. broad; the outer obovate-oblanceolate, sub-

acute, with a black mark at the apex; the inner ovate-lance-

olate. Filaments 7 mm. long, cylindric, slightly narrowing

above; anthers 3 mm. long. Ovary 8 mm. long, 5 mm. in

diameter, ellipsoid; style 2 mm. long ; stigma trigonous.

Prater 65.—Fig. 1, stamens; Fig. 2, gynaecium; Fig. 3, bract.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 66.

FERRARIA antTHEROSA.

Cape Province.

IrmpaceAE, Tribe Mororrar.

Ferrara, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 692.

Ferraria antherosa, Ker. in Bot. Mag. 751; Fl. Cap. vol. vi. p. 29.

Our species was first figured in Curtis’ Botanical Magazine

in 1804 from a plant which was raised in Salisbury’s garden

at Brompton, England. It is not at all a well-known plant,

as it is only recorded in the Plora Capensis as having been

collected by Zeyher in the Clanwilliam District, and by

Ecklon at Groenkloof in the Malmesbury District. The

plant from which our plate was prepared was sent to the

Division of Botany, Pretoria, by Mrs. EK. Rood from Van

Rhynsdorp. The genus Fferraria is represented in South

Africa by six species, and by one species in Angola. The

flowers last only for a very short time after opening, but a

succession of flowers appears on each plant. None of the

species can be called ornamental from a gardener’s point of

view, but the structure of the flower is very beautiful and the

colouring quaint. Plants would only be grown as a botanical

curiosity, and not for their beauty. Specimens are preserved

in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. 1471).

Description :— Corms several arranged one on top of the

other, discoid, about 3°5 cm.in diameter. Plant about 23 cm.

high. Leaves three, 17-26 cm. long, linear and 1 cm. broad

above, subacute, equitant and clasping the stem below. Bracts

subtending the inflorescences, resembling the leaves. Bracts

subtending the ultimate inflorescence 5-8 cm. long, 1°6—-2°6

em. broad, elliptic, boat-shaped, with membranous margins.

Perianth segments 2°5 cm. long, forming a campanulate portion

15 cm. long and 1:3 cm. in diameter, then spreading into a

horizontal portion ; the spreading portion 1:4 cm. long, 1:4

broad, ovate, subacute, with frilled margins. Staminal tube

1°6 cm. long, cylindric, anther lobes diverging. Ovary cylin

dric, with a beak 3 cm. long; stigmas Mek

Prats 66.—Fig. 1, corms; Fig. 2, flower ; Fig. 3, oe) of style showing

stigmas and anthers ; Fig. 4, stigma.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

ee eee

K.A.Lansdell del,

Puate 67.

HARVEYA squamosa.

Cape Province, Natal, Little Namaqualand.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. Tribe GERARDIEAE.

Harveya, Hook. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 967.

Harveya squamosa, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, i. 723; Fl. Cap. iv. sect. 2,

p. 413.

The Genus Harveya contains 27 species, all of which are

parasitic on the roots of other plants. In South Africa 21

species are recorded, the remainder being found in Tropical

Africa and the Mascarene Islands. The name was given by

Sir William Hooker in commemoration of Dr. Harvey, who

was one of the pioneers of South African systematic botany.

The plant belongs to a group known as total parasites, 7.¢. it is

wholly dependent on its host for its food supply. Specialised

roots technically known as “ haustoria’’ penetrate the roots

of the host plant and absorb the requisite food material.

The species here figured occurs in the Cape Peninsula, all

along the western coastal districts to Clanwilliam and Van

Rhynsdorp and into Little Namaqualand. It has also been

recorded from the sand-dunes near Durban in Natal. The

specimens from which our plate was prepared were collected

by Mrs. E. Rood at Van Rhynsdorp, and are preserved in the

National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. 1456).

Description :—A herbaceous plant about 13 cm. high.

Scale leaves 8 mm. long, 1 cm. broad, ovate, acuminate,

pubescent without. Inflorescence racemose, densely many-

flowered, 2°5 cm. in diameter, more or less cylindric; axis

1 cm. in diameter near base, narrowing upwards. Bracts

1-2 cm. long, ‘5-9 cm. broad, oblong or obovate-spathulate,

obtuse, glandular pilose without; bracteoles 2, opposite at

base of the calyx, 3 cm. long, 1:5 mm. broad, linear, glandular-

pilose. Pedicels 1 cm. long, fleshy. Calyz-tube 2°5 cm. long,

7 mm. in diameter, tubular, glandular-pilose without, glabrous

within ; lobes 1:5-1:7 cm. long, 3 mm. broad at the base,

gradually tapering from a triangular base. Corolla-tube 3 cm.

long, 4 mm. in diameter, tubular, glandular-pilose without and

also within about the middle; lobes 4mm. long, 5 mm. broad,

semiorbicular, rounded above, somewhat concave, glandular-

pubescent without. Stamens attached to the middle of the

corolla tube; filaments of 2 different lengths; the longer

16 cm. long; the shorter 1°3 cm. long; all sparsely covered

with glandular hairs; anthers with one fertile lobe and one

unfertile lobe. Ovary 5 mm. long, 4 mm. in diameter; style

2°5 cm. long, terete, sparsely covered with a few glandular

hairs; stigma clavate, faintly 2-lobed.

Puate 67.—Fig, 1, showing haustoria attached to portion of host; Fig. 2,

single flowers showing bract and bracteoles ; Fig. 3, bract; Fig. 4, bracteole ;

Fig. 5, calyx laid open; Fig. 6, corolla; Fig. 7, corolla laid open; Fig. 8,

stigma; Figs. 9, 10, portion of filaments with anther; Fig. 11, style and

ovary.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 68.

GLADIOLUS Pritzeui.

Cape Province.

TrRIDEAE. Tribe Ix1EaxE.

Guaviouus, Linn. ; Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 709.

Gladiolus Pritzelii, Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol, xliv. p. 118.

This graceful little Gladiolus was first found by Diels at

Hantams Berg, Calvinia District, and described by him in

1909, and in September 1921] the plant was again collected by

Dr. R. Marloth in the same locality. It belongs to the same

group in the genus as G. spathaceus (the Caledon Bluebell),

and G. involutus (the George Bluebell), having the same

bell-shaped flowers. In the original description the plant

is said to be one-flowered, but in the specimens received from

Dr. Marloth the spikes were 2—4-flowered.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1459).

Description :—Corm globose, 2 cm. long, 2°2 cm. in

diameter, with fibrous tunics produced into a short neck.

Leaves two to each plant; the lower about 5 cm. long, spath-

aceous, Clasping the stem, minutely pubescent and with

hyaline margins; the upper 26-43 cm. long, free for 14-24 cm.

above, linear, acute, with two prominent ribs above and

beneath. Spikes 2-4-flowered. Outer spathe valve membran-

ous, 3 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, lanceolate, many-veined, with

membranous margins, glabrous; inner valve 2 cm. long,

hyaline-membranous. Perianth-tube 7 mm. long, curved,

cylindric below, becoming campanulate above. Posterior-lobes

15 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, obovate, subacuminate, obtuse ;

anterior lobe 2°3 cm. long, 1:3 cm. broad, obovate, rounded

above, hooded; side lobes 1°5 cm. long, 1:3 cm. broad, obovate,

shortly and bluntly acuminate. Anthers projecting beyond the

junction with the filament. Ovary 3 mm. long, ipso ae

style terete ; SEEDERS spathulate, 2-lobed. |

PEAte 68.—Fig. 1, front view of flower ; Be 2, perianth laid yee a

Fig. 3, upper part of style, showing stigmas ; Fig. 4 ” anthers, ae

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Priate 69.

GAZANIA Pavonta.

Cape Province.

ComposiTaz. Tribe ARCTOTIDEAR.

Gazanta, Gaertn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 459.

Gazania Pavonia, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. 2, vol. v. p. 140;

Fl. Cap. vol. iii. p. 476.

This extremely handsome species of Gazania was cultivated

by Mr. C. N. Knox-Davies in Johannesburg from plants

collected at Worcester in the Cape Province. The plants

form a dense mass, and are suitable either for growing in a

border or in large pots. The ray florets are a beautiful nopal

red, with a warm sepia-brown eye-spot at the base, and when

the plants are in full bloom they present a very striking

appearance. It is surprising that species of this genus, which

are amongst the most handsome of the Sonth African

Compositae, have received so little attention from horti-

culturists, and though hundreds of our native plants have

been figured in the Botanical Magazine only two species of

Gazania have been illustrated.

Mr. N. HK. Brown, who contributed an account of the genus

to The Garden, wrote that “it is one of the most per-

plexing that a botanist has to deal with,’ and even to-day the

species are very imperfectly known. Our plant was sub-

mitted to Kew for verification of the name, and the Director

reports, ‘‘The Gazania has not been exactly matched, but

might be regarded as a form of G. Pavonia, R. Br.”

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1473).

Description :—Plant compact, decumbent, forming a

clump about 30 cm. in diamater. Leaves crowded near the

apex of short shoots, 6-10 cm. long, pinnatisect, slightly

broadened and clasping at the base; lobes 1-2°5 cm. long,

25-4 mm. broad, linear, subacute, woolly-tomentose beneath

except on the mid-rib, sparsely woolly above, at length

becoming glabrous. Peduncle 9 mm. long, terete, sparsely

woolly, at length becoming glabrous. Tube of involucre 9 mm.

long, 8 mm. in diameter, sparsely woolly, intruse at the base ;

lobes in three rows; the outer 4 mm. long, less than 1 mm.

broad, linear, subacute; the innermost ovate, subacuminate,

subobtuse, with reddish-brown margins. fay-florets neuter,

corolla tube 7 mm. long, cylindric; limb red with a dark-

coloured mark at the base, 1:9 cm. long, 8 mm. broad,

obovate, rounded and minutely 3-fid at the apex, with two

prominent veins beneath. Disc-florets hermaphrodite. Corolla-

tube 7 mm. long, more or less angled, glabrous; lobes ‘5 mm.

long, ovate, subacute. Anthers 3 mm. long. Pappus of long

delicate linear scales connate in the lower half and encasing

the base of the corolla tube, free in the upper half. Ovary

densely clothed with long silky hairs; style elongating up to

1°3 cm. long, filiform; stigmas about 0°75 mm. long.

Puate 69.—Fig. 1, limbof ray flower; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of

involucre ; Fig. 3, ray flower ; Hig. 4, segment of leaf enlarged.

H.P.S.A., 1922,

Prate 70.

OCHNA PRETORIENSIS.

Transvaal.

OcunacEAz. Tribe OCHNACEAE.

Ocuna, Schreb.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 317.

Ochna pretoriensis, Phillips, sp. nov. Rami glabri. Folia 1:5-3:8 cm,

longa, 0°5-1'7 cm. lata, lanceolata, obovata, elliptica vel oblanceolata,

apice obtusa, basi cuneata, marginibus serratis. lores solitarii vel

2-nati. Pedicelli 1-1°5 cm. longi, basi articulati. Sepala 7-8 mm. longa,

4-5 mm. lata, ovata vel elliptica, apice rotundata, aliquando 2-3-lobata.

Petala 1:5 cm. longa, 95 mm, lata, obovata, apice rotundata, basi

unguiculata. Milamenta 45 mm. longa, apice articulata. Ovarium

4—5-loculare ; stylus 5 mm. longus, apice 4—5-lobatus.

This Ochna, which is found in the Transvaal around

Pretoria and at Messina, has hitherto been confused with

O. atropurpurea, but is easily distinguished from that species

by the larger more expanded flowers and the non-pustulate

branches. The latter character distinguishes O. atropurpurea

from all the other South African species of the genus.

Our plate was prepared from specimens collected on

Meintjes Kop, Pretoria, by Mr. D. J. Fouche in September,

1921. It is a low spreading bush, and at this time of the year

is one mass of sweet-smelling yellow flowers. ‘The leaves do

not appear until December or January, and it is then that the

green sepals enlarge and turn a blood-red colour and surround

the black fruit. The plant, therefore, either in flower or fruit

makes a very orhamental shrub and well worth the attention

of cultivators.

The genus Ochna contains several species producing

valuable timber.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. Nos. 1422, 1491).

Description :—Branches with light to dark brown bark,

peeling off in membranous strips, not pustulate. Leaves

15-3°8 cm. long, ‘5-1-7 cm. broad, lanceolate, obovate,

elliptic, or oblanceolate (mostly oblanceolate), obtuse at the

apex, cuneate or more rarely rounded at the base, with

serrated margins and with the mid-rib distinct and the lateral

veins evident. Flowers solitary, very rarely paired, arising

at the apex of abbreviated shoots. Pedicels 1-1-5 cm. long,

articulated at or 1-2 mm. above the base. Sepals 7-8 mm.

long, 4—5 mm. broad, ovate or elliptic, rounded at and

sometimes 2-3-lobed at the apex, enlarging in the fruit.

Petals 1:5 cm. long, 9°5 mm. broad, obovate, rounded at the

apex, narrowed at the base into a claw. Filaments 4:5 mm.

long, articulated at the apex; anthers 2 mm. long, oblong.

Ovary of 4-5 carpels; style 5 mm. long; stigmas as many as

the carpels. Fruit 7-8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, more or less

ellipsoid.

Prare 70.—Fig. 1, fruiting branch; Fig. 2, flower with petals removed ;

Fig. 3, sepal; Fig. 4, petal; Figs. 5 and 6, stamens ; Fig. 7, gynaecium.

F.P.S.A., 1922.

Prats 71.

DAUBENYA avuRzHA, var. COCCINEA.

Cape Province.

LintacEagr, Tribe ALLIEAE.

Davusenya, Lindl.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plani. vol. iii. p. 807.

Daubenya aurea, Lindl., var. coccinea, Marloth comb. nov.

Daubenya coccinea, Harv. Fl. Cap. vol. vi. p. 417.

This rare and interesting plant was found by Dr. R.

Marloth in the Calvinia District. An examination of fresh

specimens has enabled us to reduce the three species described

in the ‘‘ Flora Capensis’’ to a single species, and the genus

Daubenya therefore becomes one of South Africa’s monotypic

genera. Our conclusions have been confirmed by independent

observations made by Dr. Marloth, and we give below the

notes he forwarded to the Division of Botany.

“The colour of the flower is the most brilliant scarlet

known in the Flora of South Africa, and especially dazzling

when seen in full sunlight. This effect is due to the com-

bination of two pigments in the subepidermal tissues of the

flower, viz. a granular yellow pigment distributed through all

the cells, and a bright red solution present in most of the

cells of the subepidermal layer, but absent in others. This

peculiarity of structure also explains the occurrence of plants

with yellow flowers, for if through some cause or other (as a

sport), the red pigment is not produced, the flower is plain

yellow, just as in such a case the flower of the red Watsonia

(W. rosa) becomes pure white (Arderne’s Watsonia). It so

happened that the yellow form was first introduced into

England and described by Lindley as Daubenya aurea (1835),

hence this name has to be retained for the species, although

the flower is generally scarlet, and the yellow form has only

arisen as a sport. ‘There is, however, no structural difference

between D. aurea Lindl., D. coccinea Hary., and D. fulva Lindl.”

The length of the floral segments and of the peduncle,

given as distinguishing characters by Lindley, is very variable

in the specimens seen by us (over one hundred); some of

them are scarlet, others yellow, and some dull orange. The

scent of the flowers is unpleasant, somewhat recalling that

of the flowers of Rhus.

The home of this remarkable plant was unknown to

botanists until re-discovered in 1920. It grows in heavy red

clay soil on the farm Fransplaas, about 40 miles north of

Sutherland, and flowers in September.

The genus was named by Dr. Lindley in honour of Dr.

Charles Daubeny, Professor of Botany at Oxford, “‘ whose

interesting researches in vegetable Chemistry have materially

conduced to improve our knowledge of the physiology of

plants.”

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1458).

Description :—An acaulescent herbaceous plant. Bulb

1°6 cm. long, 1:9 cm. in diameter, covered with brown mem-

branous tunics with numerous fibrous roots from the base.

Leaves 2, flat, 5-8 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad, ovate, subacumi-

nate, obtuse, narrowed and clasping at the base, many-

nerved, with margins narrowly membranous. Capitulum

about 10-flowered, with a peduncle 3 cm. long, clasped by

the leaf base and beneath the soil. Outer bracts white, mem-

branous, 2°7 cm. long, 1°6 cm. broad, oblong; inner bracts

2°5 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, obovate-spathulate, entire, clasping

the perianth-tube. Pedicels 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, com-

pressed, fleshy. The outer flowers 2-lipped and differently

shaped from the inner. Perianth-tube of outer flowers 2 cm.

long, 4 mm. in diameter, somewhat compressed; lobes of

lower lip 2°6 cm. long; the middle lobe 1:4 cm. broad; the

2 side lobes 1 cm. broad; all obovate-oblong, obtuse; lobes of

upper lip 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, linear. Perianth-lobes ot

inner flowers 3-6 mm. long, all linear or lanceolate. Stamens

inserted at different levels; filaments 3-6 mm. long, terete,

fleshy, tapering upwards; anthers 2 mm. long, oblong. Ovary

7 mm. long, 2°5 mm. in diameter, narrowly ellipsoid, glabrous ;

style 2°5 cm. long, terete, with 3 minute stigmas at the apex.

Puate 71.—Fig. 1, plant viewed from above; Fig. 2, plant, side view ;

Fig. 3, a single flower; Fig. 4, side view of flower of outer whorl ; Fig. 5,

flower from middle of inflorescence ; Fig. 6, the same flower viewed from

above, showing the stamens and style; Fig. 7, bract.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 72.

STAPELIA Pintanst, var. aTTENUATA.

Cape Province.

ASCLEPIADACEAE, ‘Tribe STAPELIEAE,

SrapewiA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 784.

Stapelia Pillansii, V. £. Br., var. attenuata, N. £. Br. in Fl. Cap. vol. iv.

sect. i. p. 958.

This interesting Stapelia was first discovered by Mr. N. S.

Pillans, of Cape Town, at Witte Poort in the Laingsburg

Division, and described by Mr. N. EH. Brown, to whom Mr.

Pillans sent most of his collections of this group. Our plant

is one of the larger-flowered species of the genus, resembling

in this respect S. gigantea and S. nobilis, but differing in colour

from both these species. The flowers have a distinct carrion-

like odour, although this is not so strong as in many other

species of the genus. When in bud the petals form an

acuminate beak recurved at the apex. Under cultivation in

the greenhouse the stems turn a dark reddish-brown colour.

Our specimen was collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans at

Laingsburg, and flowered at the Division of Botany, Pretoria,

in October, 1921. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, Herb.

No. 1492.)

Description :-—Stems 9-15 em. high, 1-4—2°2 cm. in diameter,

4-angled and with concave sides, pubescent, usually green.

Teeth with erect whitish rudimentary leaves about 2 mm.

long. lowers 2 (4 or 5 according to Brown) from near the

base of the stems. Pedicels 3-4 cm. long, terete, pubescent.

Sepals 1-7 cm. long, 2 mm. broad at the base, linear-lanceolate,

acuminate, acute, pubescent. Corolla when expanded 22°5 cm.

in diameter, diamine-brown above, smooth and without mark-

ings, glabrous; lobes 10°5 cm. long, 2°2 cm. broad at the

base, ovate, tapering to a long point, strongly revolute, ciliate

with short hairs and with longer vibratile hairs. Corona dark

coloured ; outer corona lobes 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, oblong,

bluntly 3-lobed at the apex; the middle lobe the largest ;

Hi inner corona-lobes 7 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, obovate, flattened

Ih alr and appearing to stand at right angles to the outer lobes, on

| | either edge produced into a beak; the inner beak longer than

the outer and recurved over the flattened portion of the

corona; the outer beak entire or irregularly 2-3-lobed.

PuatEe 72.—Fig. 1, corona; Fig. 2, lobe of inner corona; Fig. 3, lobe of

outer corona.

F.P.S.A., 1922.

M.M.Page del.

Prats 73.

MESHEMBRYANTHEMUM crassipzs.

Cape Province.

FicoiEaz. Tribe MESEMBRYEAE.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 853.

Mesembryanthemum crassipes, Marloth, sp. nov. habitu If. rosulati (Kensit

in Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Afr. i. p. 155, pl. xxib) et M. calcarei, Marl. (Flora

of 8. A. vol. i. pl. 52) sed foliis cuneatis aspero-marginatis et floribus

roseis 5-meris distincta.

Planta subacaulis, ramis paucis brevissimis e radice crasso carnoso ramoso.

Folia in rosulam aggregata, plana, cuneata, crassa, suberecta, apice retusa

vel rotundata, apicem versus margineque tuberculis minutis griseis

numerosis munita. Flores apice ramulorum solitarii. Calyx 5-fidus,

lobis subaequalibus triangularibus, colore griseo foliorum. Petala lanceo-

lata, uniseriata, saturate rosea. Stamina incarnata basin versus barbata.

Stigmata 8-10, filiformia, staminibus aequilonga.

This is a beautiful plant when in flower, owing to the

contrast between the deep pink petals and the rugose grey

leaves. It was collected on a stony plain of grey shale near

Sutherland, at an altitude of 4600 feet, by Dr. R. Marloth, and

flowered in his garden at Cape Town in September, 1921.

Description :—foot thick, fleshy, simple or branched up

to 30 mm. in diam. and 20 cm. long. Stem none, but one or

more short branches arising from the crown of the caudex.

Leaves crowded, 6-10 on a branch, mostly erect and exposing

the margin to the midday sun, cuneate, gradually narrowed

to the base, the apex straight or slightly rounded, occasionally

with a blunt mucro; the apical portion, and especially the

apical margin, closely covered with fine tubercles; on the

wild plant the entire leaf greyish-green, the margin reddish.

Flowers solitary on each branch, sessile or subsessile, sup-

ported by 2 connate leaf-like bracts. Calyx turbiniform,

10-12 mm. long, the tube 11-13 mm. in diam. at the mouth;

sepals 5, of which 3 nearly equal, the 2 others narrower, all

triangular, 10 mm. long and wide, with a very narrow hyaline

margin and a thick umbo below the apex, finely tuberculate

like the leaves, grey, the margin red. Petals uniseriate,

narrow-lanceolate or spathulate, 13-14 mm. long and 2-2°5

mm. wide in the middle, deep pink on the inner side,

paler on the outer side. Stamens white, bending inwards

near the base and then erect, bearded at the bend. Styles

8-10, filiform, 6 mm. long, arising from the apex of the conical

ovary. Total diam. of open flower 20-25 mm., opening in the

sun and closing towards evening for several days.

Prate 73.—Fig. 1, longitudinal section through the flower; Fig. 2, calyx ;

Fig. 3, gynaecium ; Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, petals and stamen; Fig. 8, entire leaf ;

Fig. 9, cross-sections of leaf.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 74.

LEUCOSPERMUM vtortum, var. GLABRUM.

Cape Province.

PROTEACEAE, Tribe PROTEEAE.

Levucosrermum, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ui. p. 170.

Leucospermum tottum, Ff. Gr., var. glabrum, Phillips, var. noy. a typo

ramis glabris, bracteis eciliatis differt. ,

This interesting Leucospermum was collected by Mr. T. P.

Stokoe in Jan du Toit’s Kloof near Chavonnesberg, in the

Western Province. Mr. Stokoe states that only a few plants

were observed growing in a belt of Proteaceae. It is evidently

very closely related to L. tottwm, from which it differs in

having glabrous branches and non-ciliate involucral bracts,

and should be regarded as a glabrous variety of this species.

The genus Leucospermum is closely related to Protea (see

plate 22) but differs from that genus in having the limb of

the posticous segment divided and not completely fused.

The well-known ‘‘ Kreupelboom” (LZ. concospermum) belongs

to this genus.

The variety here figured might be regarded as one of the

more striking plants in the genus Leucospermum. The yellow

styles with red stigmas projecting from an involucre tinged

with delicate shades of red and green give a particularly

pleasing effect.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1493).

Description :—A spreading bush 5-6 ft. high. Branches

glabrous. Leaves 8-8°5 cm. long, 0:9-1 cm. broad, broadly

linear, 3-toothed at the apex, slightly narrowed at the base

with the midrib distinct beneath, veins faint above. Heads

solitary or 2-nate, 7-8 cm. long including the peduncle and

styles, about 55 cm. in diameter. Peduncle 2 cm. long,

loosely covered with ovate subacuminate obtuse glabrous

bracts 8 mm. long and about 8 mm. broad. Receptacle 2-2 cm.

long, 7 mm. broad, cylindric, densely villous on the back with

long white hairs. Perianth-tube 1 cm. long, glabrous; seg-

ments 2°5 cm. long, linear, villous and long ciliate; lobes

3 mm. long, oblong, subacuminate, ciliate and bearded.

Ovary 1 mm. long, villous; style 4:5 cm. long, terete,

glabrous; stigma ovoid, subacuminate, obtuse.

Pratt 74,—Fig. 1, a single flower; Fig. 2, flower bud ; Fig. 3, limb of

posticous segment; Fig. 4, one lobe of limb showing stamen; Fig. 5, floral

bracts ; Fig. 6, longitudinal section of receptacle; Fig. 7, involucral bract ;

Fig. 8, stigma, side view; Fig. 9, stigma, front view.

F.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 75.

ORNITHOGALUM Roopsagz.

Cape Province.

Liniaceak. Tribe ScrLuEAz.

OrnitHogaLum, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 815.

Ornithogalum Roodeae, Phillips, sp. nov. Bulbus globosus, albus. ’ Folia 3, ad

26 cm. longa, basi 2°5 cm. lata, lanceolata, acuminata, glabra. Pedunculus

ad 25 cm. longus, glaber. Jnflorescentia 4 cm. longa, circiter 6 cm. lata.

Bracteae 1:4—2'5 em. longae, ovato-lanceolatae, acuminatae, membranaceae.

Pedicelli 1:1-2'5 cm. longi. Segmenta perianthii 1:2 cm. longa, 4 mm.

lata, oblongo-lanceolata, apice papillosa. /ilamenta 8 mm. longa, basi

1:5 lata, lanceolata, acuminata. Ovariwm 5 mm. longum, 2°5 mm. latum,

glabrum ; stylus 6 mm. longus; stigma semiglobosum, papillosum.

This handsome Ornithogalum was collected by Mr. HE. Rood

at Van Rhynsdorp, and forwarded to the Division of Botany,

Pretoria. The perianth segments are a deep reddish-brown,

edged with white, and the flowers are extremely fragrant.

Specimens were sent to Kew, and the Director reports that

the plant had not been matched, the nearest affinity being

O. suaveolens, Jacq., and that it was evidently a new species.

This species exhibits a device for cross-pollination by the

movement of the style. As soon as the flower opens the style

bends downwards, and is thus in a position to receive pollen

from the abdomen of a visiting insect. As the flowers wither

the perianth segments close up, and the style becomes erect

and would then be self-pollinated if cross-pollination has not

taken place.

Description :—Bulb 2°2 cm. long, 2°8 cm. in diameter,

globose, white. Leaves 3, up to 26 cm. long, 2°5 cm.

broad at the base, lanceolate (when opened flat), becoming

deeply channelled above, acuminate, clasping at the base,

glabrous. Peduncle up to 25 cm. long, greenish-brown,

glabrous. Injfloresence about 14-flowered, more or less corym-

bose, 4 mm. long, about 6 cm. in diameter. Bracts 1:4—

2°5 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate into a long fine

point, membranous, as long as the pedicels. Pedicels 1:1-

25 cm. long, terete. Perianth-segments free to the base,

spreading, 1°2 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, oblong-lanceolate, dark

purple with white margins, 5-nerved; the outer cucullate at

the apex with a fringe of short glandular hairs; the inner

rounded and fringed with short glandular hairs. /%laments

8 mm. long, 1°5 mm. broad in widest part, lanceolate, acumi-

nate, more or less compressed below, convex on both sides

above; anthers 4 mm. long, oblong, each lobe with a short

beak. Ovary 5 mm. long, 25 mm. in diameter, 3-lobed,

glabrous; style 6 mm. long, semiterete; the style in open

flowers bent away from stamens and later becoming sharply

bent; stigma semiglobose, covered with glandular hairs.

Prats 75.—Fig. 1, flower; Fig. 2, bract; Vig. 3, stamen; Fig. 4, cross-

section of ovary ; Fig. 5, gynaecium; Fig. 6, outer perianth-segments, front

and side views ; Fig. 7, inner perianth-segments, front and side views.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

is)

Puate 76.

PROTEHA REcONDITA.

Cape Province.

ProTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEEAE.

Protea, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 169.

Protea recondita, Buek. ex Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 237; Fl. Cap. vol. v.

sect. i. p. 584.

This rare Protea was sent to us by Miss L. Guthrie of the

Bolus Herbarium, who received it from Mr. de Wet of Ceres.

Mr. de Wet described it as a low trailing plant with the

branches 2 feet long and raised about a foot above the ground.

The heads are hidden by the upper leaves. Hitherto the

species has only been recorded from Hzelsbank on the Cedar-

berg Range, Clanwilliam Division, where it was collected by

Drége almost a hundred years ago.

This example, unlike so many species of Protea, is not

particularly handsome. The bracts are a pale dull green, and

the flowers somewhat scented, reminding one very much of

the odour of Protea mellifera.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1490).

Descrietion :—Branches pale green, glabrous. Leaves T—

19 cm. long, 18-7 cm. broad (the largest leaves surrounding

the head), elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed to

the base, with distinct reddish veins and a reddish margin,

glabrous. Head sessile, 55 cm. long, 7 cm. in diameter.

Involucral-bracts in about 9 rows; the outer ovate, sub-

acuminate, obtuse, ciliate; the inner oblong, incurved, some-

what concave, slightly exceeding the flowers, scantily pilose.

Receptacle 3°2 cm. broad at base, about 1°5 cm. high, conical.

Perianth-sheath 26 cm. long, dilated, keeled and 3-nerved

below, glabrous, except for setae near the apex; lip 6 mm.

long, setulose with golden-brown hairs. Hypogynous scales

1°5 mm. long, ovate. Ovary covered with long golden-brown

hairs; style 4 cm. long, strongly falcate; stigma 3 mm. lot

almost imperceptibly passing into the style. |

Puate 76.—Fig. 1, branch with flower head; Fig. 2, receptacle; Fig. 3 3

inner bract; Fig. 4, outer bract ; Fig. 5, single flower ; ; Fig. 6, one perianth-

lobe.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

Puate 77.

CROSSANDRA GREENSTOCEII.

Transvaal, Natal.

ACANTHACEAE. Tribe JUSTICIEAE.

Crossanpra, Salisb.; Benth et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 1094,

Crossandra Greenstockii, S. Moore in Journ. Bot., 1880, p. 37; Fl. Cap.

vol. v. sect. i. p. 37.

This plant is of interest as being one of the many outliers

of the Tropical African flora in Southern Africa, and also

as showing a connection between the floras of Hastern India

and Tropical Africa. The genus Crossandra is represented by

about 15 species, most of which occur in Tropical Africa, and

one is recorded from India and the Malay States. The

species figured here occurs in the Nyasa Highlands, and

extends into Natal and the Transvaal as far south as Pretoria.

During the month of October the plant may be found in

flower in the neighbourhood of the Premier Mine, Pretoria,

and the bright scarlet flowers form a conspicuous feature

in the veld. Specimens have been recorded from various

localities in the Northern Transvaal.

The fruits, as is so frequent in many species of Acanthaceae,

have an explosive mechanism, 7.e. they burst suddenly into

two valves when wetted and scatter the seeds. The seeds,

of which there are four in each fruit, are tightly enveloped

with long hairs which straighten out and become mucilaginous

when wet, thus fixing the seed to the ground.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No, 1494).

Descrirtion:—An acaulescent plant with underground

rootstocks. Stem short, glabrous. Leaves opposite, 5-11 cm.

long, 2:°2-5:2 cm. broad, obovate or elliptic, the narrower

leaves sometimes lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed at the base,

with the midrib and lateral veins prominent beneath, distinct

above, glabrous or very sparsely pilose, especially on the mid-

rib and veins. Peduncle 11-16 cm. long, terete, pilose, naked

below, but with 2 opposite leaves above. Injlorescence 5-8 cm.

long, 1:7-2°2 cm. in diameter, more or less 4-angled. Bracts

2°5 cm. long, 1°8 cm. broad, obovate, shortly aristate, with

4-7 long teeth on the margins, ciliate-glandular on both

sides; bracteoles two, 2°5 cm. long, 2 mm. broad, linear,

acuminate, acute, glandular. Sepals 5; the lateral sepals

5 mm. long, 1°5 mm. broad, linear, shortly aristate; remainder -

9 mm. long, 25 mm. broad, oblong, subacuminate, ciliate

above. Corolla-tube 2°2 cm. long, cylindric, ventricose at the

base, inflated and glandular above; lobe 1:2 cm. long, 2°2 cm.

broad, somewhat semicircular in outline. Anthers hairy.

Ovary 1 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, oblong in outline, shortly

beaked, glabrous; style threadlike; stigma inflated and

hollow at the apex. Ovules 2 in each cell, discoid, covered

with scales.

Prats 77.—Fig. 1, corolla; Fig. 2, a single flower, showing bract and

bracteoles ; Fig. 3, corolla laid open; Fig. 4, calyx surrounding the ovary;

Fig. 5, gynaecium ; Fig. 6, apex of style; Hig. 7, ovary with two ovules.

E.P.S.A., 1922.

5.Gower del.

Pratt 78.

ROODIA piciviFoLia.

Cape Province.

FIcoIDEAE. Tribe MESEMBRYEAE.

Roodia, V. HE. Brown (genus novum). AHerba succulenta, nana, caespitosa.

Proles bifoliatae. Pedunculus bracteatus, uniflorus. Calyx in tubum

distinctum supra ovarium productus 6-lobus. Petala numerosa, libera.

Stamina numerosissima, pluriseriata, omnia a basi in tubum abrupte

inflexa, exterioribus brevioribus. Ovariwmmultiloculare. Stigma parvum,

inconspicuum, sessile, integrum. fructus multilocularis ; loculi alis binis

subchartaceis tecti et dorsum versus tuberculo clausi.

Roodia digitifolia, V. #. Brown. Planta 8-11 cm. alta, caespitosa, glabra.

Proles bifoliatae; confertae. Folia erecta, 8-11 cm. longa, 10-15 mm.

crassa, digitiformia, subteretia faciebus interioribus planis, apice obtusis-

sima, inferne viridia, superne purpureo-tincta. Pedunculus 3-6 cm.

longus, apice 4-5 mm, crassus, erectus, uniflorus, infra medium bibracte-

atus, purpureus. Calycis tubus cum ovario 10 mm, longus, 10-11 mm.

diametro ; lobi inaequales, 5-8 mm. longi, 5-7 mm. lati, ovati, obtusi vel

subacuti. Corolla circiter 4 cm. diametro; petala numerosa, subquadri-

seriata, exteriora circiter 15 mm. longa et 1 mm, lata, interiora breviora,

linearia, apice obtusa vel dentata, pulchre purpurea. Stamina numeros-

issima, in tubum calycis abrupte et arcte inflexa. Ovarium supra con-

cavum. Stigma sessile, parvum, inconspicuum. Fructus 12-14-locularis.

Cape Province: Van Rhynsdorp Division, near Van Rhynsdorp (rs. £. Rood).

Growing at the Division of Botany, Pretoria (Garden No. 403).

This interesting plant is so like some species of Mesem-

bryanthemum in general appearance, that most would unhesi-

tatingly place it in that genus. Fora long time past, however,

as I have elsewhere stated, it has been dawning upon me that

Mesembryanthemum, as at present understood, is rather of the

nature of a natural order than of asingle genus. In vegetative

characters it presents a very great amount of variation, and

in most cases any particular kind of variation is found to be

common to several species, so as to form of them a group,

indicating a generic difference from the others. About a

hundred years ago Haworth recognised this and gave generic

names to some of the groups he had formed, which have

neither been accepted nor taken notice of by subsequent

authors.

Undoubtedly there is a great similarity in the flowers of

many groups of this genus that differ widely in their vegetative

characteristics; yet when investigated differences in floral

structure may often be found also, which, taken in conjunction

with vegetative characters, are quite as great and as distinctive

as those which separate genera in many other families of

plants. This is the case with the plant at present under

consideration, for I find that it has a combination of three

floral characters, which, so far as known to me do noé all

occur together in any species of Mesembryanthemum, namely :

(1) the calyx is produced into a distinct green tube above

the ovary; (2) the stamens are all abruptly bent down into

the calyx-tube; and (3) the stigma is sessile, undivided, and

inconspicuous. Upon this combination of characters in con-

junction with its vegetative character, I establish a new

genus, and have much pleasure in naming it after its dis-

coverer, Mrs. EH. Rood, of Van Rhynsdorp, who sent living

plants of it to Dr. I. B. Pole Evans at Pretoria, where it

flowered. The accompanying figure of it was sent to me by

Dr. Pole Evans, together with a living plant and a flower in

fluid, with some notes by Dr. EH. P. Phillips, from which the

description has been prepared.

Description :—A dwarf succulent plant branching at or

below ground level and forming clumps about 8-11 cm. high.

Leaves 2 to each growth, or 4 when the new growth is

made, 8-11 cm. long, 10-15 mm. thick, erect, nearly cylindric

or finger-like, but with the inner face flattened, united at the

base, obtuse at the apex, glabrous and smooth, green below,

purplish at the apical part. Peduncle erect, 3-6 cm. long, and

4-5 mm. thick at the apex, with a pair of bracts about 2 cm.

long below the middle. Calyx 6-lobed, tube (including the

ovary) 10 mm. long, produced about 7 mm. above the ovary,

about 10-11 mm. in diameter, slightly constricted under the

lobes, glabrous, green; lobes unequal, 5-8 mm. long, 5-7 mm.

broad, ovate, subacute or obtuse, four of them with mem-

branous margins. Corolla about 4 cm. in diameter, petals

numerous, in about 4 series, loosely recurved, spreading over

one another, the outer about 15 mm. long and 1 mm. broad,

the others gradually shorter, all linear, obtuse or notched

at the apex, bright magenta. Stamens very numerous, all

abruptly bent into and closely pressed against the calyx-tube

in a dense mass, leaving a clear central opening to the stigma,

the outermost series being the shortest. Stigma sessile, sunk

in a slight pit and level with the concave top of the ovary,

entire, inconspicuous.

It may not be out of place to point out that dried specimens

of Mesembryanthemum chrysoleucum, Schlechter are so similar to

Roodia digitifolia in general appearance, that the plant might

easily be mistaken for a species of Roodia. It differs, however,

by being destitute of bracts on its peduncle; by the leaves,

peduncle, and calyx being papillate; by the calyx being lobed

down to the top of the ovary, the stamens erect; and by

having 7 stigmas and a 7-celled capsule.—N. H. Brown.

PATE 78.—Fig. 1, plant 2 nat. size; Fig. 2, longitudinal section through

the flower ; Hig. 3, calyx with 2 sepals; Fig. 4, longitudinal section through

receptacle; Fig. 5, petals; Hig. 6, stamen; Fig. 7, bract; Fig. 8, fruit closed ;

Fig. 9, fruit open ; Hig. 10, cross-section of leaf.

F.P.8.A., 1922.

S.Gower del.

Lite DANS,

iS)

Prate 79,

BAUHINIA Gatpinu.

Transvaal.

Leauminosaz. Tribe BAUHINIEAE.

Bavainia, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 575.

Bauhinia Galpinii, V. 2. Br. in Gard. Chron., 1891, p. 728 ; Hook. Te. Pl. t.19.

This handsome Bauhinia, known in the Transvaal as “‘ The

Pride of de Kaap,” is a common plant in the low veld east of

the Drakensberg. It is a low half-climbing bush, and when

in flower is a striking object in the veld, the bright red

flowers standing out in sharp contrast to the surrounding

vegetation. Specimens were first sent to Kew in 1880 by

Mr. T. Nelson, and later Mr. EH. EH. Galpin sent material

which he collected at Barberton. The plant lends itself to

cultivation, and may be kept as a trimmed bush in lawns, etc.

If left to grow unchecked it becomes very lanky. Our plate

was prepared from a specimen growing in the garden of the

Division of Botany, Pretoria, and the plant has grown to a

height of about 30 ft. up a tree of Cupressus sempervirens, var.

pyramidalis. In cultivation, at least in Pretoria, very few

seeds are produced. Specimens are preserved in the National

Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. 1601).

Description :—A half-climbing shrub, growing to a height

of 5-30 ft. Branches with light-brown bark, minutely

pubescent. Leaves petioled; lamina 1-3 cm. long, 3-5:5 cm.

broad, more or less reniform in outline, lobed above, sub-

cordate at the base, with the veining distinct above and

prominent beneath, glabrous; petioles 8-1°5 cm. long, convex

beneath, channelled above. Stipules 3 mm. long, deciduous.

Flowers in 3-T-flowered racemes opposite the leaves. Bracts

and bracteoles 3 mm. long, setaceous, deciduous. Buds light

brown, acuminate, pubescent. Calyax-tube, 2-2:7 cm. long;

limb spathaceous, unilateral in open flowers. Petals long

clawed; claws 2 cm. long, somewhat compressed; limb

1-7-2 cm. long, 1°5-1‘7 cm. broad, ovate, apiculate, subcordate,

at the base. Fertile stamens 4; filaments 2°5 cm. long,

terete, bent inwards above; anthers 7 mm. long, linear.

Staminodes 5 mm. long, setaceous, sometimes deeply 2-lobed.

Ovary on a long gynophore 1:5 cm. long, silky pubescent ;

style 5 mm. long, stigma capitate. fruit 12°5 cm. long,

2°5 cm. broad, with a double margin along one edge, oblanceo-

late, tipped with the persistent style, and narrowed at the

base. Seeds 1:9 cm. long, oblong, flattened, dark brown.

Prate 79.—Fig. 1, surface view of flower to show staminodes, the limb of

the petals removed ; Fig. 2, pistil, showing long gynophore; Fig. 3, stamen ;

Figs. 4, 5, front and side views of calyx; Hig. 6, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1922

Prate 80.

KLATTIA Sroxoet,

Cape Province.

TripackEar. Tribe SISYRINCHIEAE.

Kuattia, B. Kr,; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 702.

Klattia Stokoei, L. Guthrie in Annals Bolus Herb. vol. iii. p. 75.

The discovery of this remarkable plant by Mr. T. P.

Stokoe on the Hottentot’s Holland Mountains, near Somerset

West, adds another species to one of the South African

endemic genera, which hitherto has been regarded as

monotypic. Klattia partita, found by Bowie, Thunberg, and

Burchell, is a rare plant, and is only known from the Lange-

bergen near Swellendam. It is figured by Marloth in ‘‘ The

Flora of South Africa,” t. 41. Our present species differs

from K. partita in the more spreading leaves, the very much

shorter perianth-tube, the narrower segments which have a

red limb, and the larger capsule. The genus Klattia is closely

related to Witsenia, which we figured on plate 34, but is

distinguished from this genus by having a very short perianth-

_ tube and long segments, much longer than the tube. Klattia

was named in honour of Dr. F. W. Klatt, a teacher at Ham-

burg, who published several memoirs on the Iridaceae.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb.. No. 1436).

Description :—Injflorescence about 8-flowered. Spathe-valves

2; the larger 11°5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, green and lanceolate

above, red and strongly keeled below, subacute, glabrous; the

smaller red 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, rounded above, keeled

on the back with the keel produced into a beak 7 mm. long.

Floral bracts white 3 cm. long, keeled, acute. Perianth-segments

divided almost to the base 5:7 cm. long, filiform below,

broadened above into a linear portion 1 mm. broad. laments

45 mm. long, filiform; anthers 1 mm. long, linear, sagittate

at the base. Ovary 2mm. long, 2 mm. in diameter, obovate

in outline. Style 6 cm. long, filiform; stigma simple. Capsule

13cm. long. Seeds 8 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, linear, concave

in front, silky and 2-grooved at the back.

Puate 80.—Fig. 1, portion of stem; Fig. 2, inflorescence; Figs. 3, 4,

spathe valves ; Fig. 5, a single flower laid open; Fig. 6, pistil; Fig. 7, anther ;

Hig. 8, ovary ; Fig. 9, top of style, showing the three stigmas.

F.P.S.A., 1922.

INDEX TO VOLUME II.

PLATE

ALOE EXCELSA , : : k : 4 , : : 62

ALOE STRIATA : : , : : : : : ; 55

Aor WICKENSII . ; : : : 5 ; 2 2 41

ANDROCYMBIUM MELANTHIOIDES . : : : : : 53

BAvHINIA GALPINII : : ; 5 ; , : : 79

CEROPEGIA TRISTIS : , ; : : f : : 44

CoMMELINA BENGHALENSIS . F : 3 ; J : 49,

CoryCIUM CRISPUM. : : : : 2 : : : 61

CRosSANDRA GREENSTOCKII . : : : ay as : i

DAUBENYA AUREA, Var. COCCINEA . : , ; : : 71

DimMoRPHOTHECA SPECTABILIS : : : : ; ; 57

ERYTHRINA CAFFRA : : : : i F A ; 59

FERRARIA ANTHEROSA . : ; 3 ; A : , 66

GAZANIA PAVONIA . : : ; : ; ; i : 69

GAZANIA PYGMAEA . : p : : f A 4 : 64

GAZANIA SUBULATA. : : i ; : : Z : 51

GLADIOLUS ALATUS, var. NAMAQUENSIS . : : : : 63

GLADIOLUS PRITZELII . , : : : 3 : 68

HARVEYA SQUAMOSA . : . 5 : 2 é Nema ps 517)

HELIOPHILA SCANDENS . : J 3 d : : : 48

HerssEA ZEYHERI . : ; A : : : ‘ : 43

HoLMSKIOLDIA SPECIOSA . : : : 3 : ‘ ; 49

KuattiA STOKOEI . : : : : 3 f : : 80

KNIPHOFIA ALOOIDES . : : : ; f : : AT

LEUCOSPERMUM TOTTUM, var. GLABRUM. 3 , : A 74

MASSONIA LATIFOLIA . _. : 4 i ‘ : ; 46

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM ALOIDES y : : ; : : 54

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM CRASSIPES . : 3 : : : 73

MIMETES CAPITULATA . : : ; : . : , 58

OcHNA PRETORIENSIS . P : : ; : ? : 70

ORNITHOGALUM ROODIAE : ; 3 ; : d i 75

ORNITHOGALUM THUNBERGIANUM . é : é : ; 65

PELARGONIUM CRASSICAULE . : j ; F ; s 52

PoLYXENA HAEMANTHOIDES . : E : ; : ; 56

PROTEA RECONDITA : ‘ : F : ; ; ; 76

RHAMPHICARPA TUBULOSA ; : P : : : ; 50

ROODIA DIGITIFOLIA ; : : : ; : : 2 78

SPARAXIS GRANDIFLORA . : : : : A ‘ j 60

STAPELIA PILLANSII, vay. ATTENUATA . : : 3 : 72

Watsonia GALPINII j : 8 2 i i , ; 45