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THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF

' SOUTH AFRICA.

A MAGAZINE CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE

FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO SOUTH AFRICA.

EDITED BY

I. B. POLE EVANS, C.M.G., M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.,

GHjitf, Bibision of Botang anti $Iant ^attjologp, Bepartmnit of 'agriculture, Pretoria;

antt Bircctor of ttjr Botanical Surbep of tfje Bnion of Soutfj afrtca.

The veld which lies so desolate and bare

Will blossom into cities white and fair,

And pinnacles will pierce the desert air,

And sparkle in the sun.

R. C. Macfie’s “Ex Unitate Vires.”

LONDON :

L. REEVE & CO., Ltd.,

6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

SOUTH AFRICA:

THE SPECIALITY PRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA, Ltd.,

P.O. BOX 3958, JOHANNESBURG ; P.O. BOX 388, CAPETOWN.

1923.

[All rights riserved.']

t

SIR FRANK UMHLALI REYNOLDS

OF

LYNTON HALL, UMDONI PARK, NATAL,

WHOSE LOVE FOR GARDENING AND HORTICULTURE IS ONLY

SURPASSED BY HIS PUBLIC SPIRITED GENEROSITY, THIS

VOLUME OF THE “FLOWERING PLANTS OF SOUTH AFRICA”

IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED.

Division of P>otany, Pretoria,

Auquat, 1923.

81.

Plate 81.

CLEMATOPSIS stanleyi.

Transvaal. Tropical Africa.

Rantjncelacea'e. Tribe Clematideae.

Clematopsis, Bojer MS. ex Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1920, p. 12.

Clematopsis Stanleyi, Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin, 1920, p. 21.

Clematis Stanleyi, Harv. in Harv. and Sond. FI. Cap., vol. i. p. 2.

In the Botanical Magazine (t. 7166) 1891, an excellent

figure of this species was given with some critical notes by

Sir Joseph Hooker on the taxonomic affinities of the species,

and recently (Kew Bulletin, 1920) Mr. J. Hutchinson dealt

more fully with the group represented by our plant. He

has established Bojer’ s MS. name Clematopsis, under which

he describes 15 species of which only C. Stanleyi occurs

within our limits. The separation of Clematopsis from

Clematis is based on the aestivation of the sepals and for a

full account of these differences the reader is referred to

Mr. Hutchinson’s article. The chief interest in the genus is

the fact that it forms a connecting link between the tribes

Anemoneae and Clematideae, which were hitherto supposed

to be sharply demarcated. It is confined to the ancient

plateau of Africa and its continuation in Madagascar.

Clematopsis Stanleyi is a fairly common plant in parts of

the Transvaal and has been recorded from the Pretoria,

Witwatersrand, Waterberg, Middleburg Districts, and it

extends into Rhodesia and Angola. In habit it is a small

shrub 18 inches to 2 feet high and when in full bloom is a

very pleasing object and well worth the attention of horti-

culturists. When in fruit the beauty of the plant is not

entirely lost as the long white plumose styles stand out in

sharp contrast to the surrounding vegetation.

The specimen figured here was collected by Miss S. Gower

at Krugersdorp in February 1922.

Description : — A small shrub 45-60 cm. high. Branches

ribbed, villous. Leaves opposite, 7-14 cm. long, bipinnate;

the ultimate leaflets about 2 cm. long, pinnately lobed ;

lobes linear, acute, villous; petiole concave above, convex

beneath, villous. Peduncle axillary and terminal, 3-8 cm.

long, densely villous. Sepals 2 cm. long, 1*5 cm. broad,

obovate, densely villous without and within. Filaments

8 mm. long, linear, pilose; anthers 4 mm. long. Style

1-2 cm. long, densely plumose. Fruits densely villous

terminated by the persistent plumose style.

Plate 81. — Fig. 1, stamens, front and side view; Fig. 2, a single carpel;

Fig. 3, fruits with the persistent styles.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

K.A.Lansdell del.

Plate 82.

MIMETES HOTTENTOTICA.

Cape Province.

Proteaceae. Tribe Proteeae.

Mimetes, Salisb.; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 171.

Mimetes hottentotica, Phillips et Hutchinson, sp. nov. insignis ex

affinitate M. saxatili Phill. foliis late ellipticis, capitulis paucis stigmate

excavato differt.

Rami tomentosi et sparse villosi. Folia 4-5-7-5 cm. longa, 2-2-3-5 cm.

lata, elliptica, apice tridentata, dense pubescentia pilis sericeis. Capitula

sessilia, 7-5 cm. longa, 8-12-flora, apice ramorum conferta. Involucri

bracteae 3-seriatae, 1-7-2 cm. longae, 3-6 mm. latae, lanceolato-ovatae,

lineares, vel lineari-lanceolatae, obtusae vel subacutae, villosae, ciliatae.

Segmenta perianthii 3-2 cm. longa, linearia, paullo lata, villosa; limbus

6 mm. longus, obovatus, subacuminatus, apice obtusus, villosus. Antherae

2-5 mm. longae, apice obtusae. Squamae hypogynae 3 mm. longae, lineares,

apice subacutae. Ovarium 1 mm. longum, villosum ; stylus 6-5 mm.

longus, glaber; stigma 4 mm. longum, obovoideum, apice obtusum,

excavatum.

South Africa : Caledon Division. Hottentot’s Holland Mountains near

Hangklip, T . P. Stokoe in National Herbarium, 1641.

Mr. T. P. Stokoe, to whom we are indebted for so many

of the interesting plants figured in earlier plates of this work,

has again contributed two exquisite species of Mimetes

which are both undescribed. Unfortunately, it was not

possible at the time to figure both plants, but we hope to

publish a figure and description of the second species in

our next volume. The genus, which is represented by nine

species, falls into two well-defined groups, (a) those with

an ovoid stigma (represented by M. capitulata, figured on

Plate 58) and ( b ) those species with a linear stigma (repre-

sented by M. palustris, figured on Plate 36). Hitherto only

two species of the first group were known, but these recent

acquisitions from Mr. Stokoe increases this number to four.

The species figured in the accompanying plate was found

on the Hottentot’s Holland Mountains S.E. of Kogelberg

and was growing on the banks of a steep, fairly moist slope.

When fresh, it is a most beautiful object, certainly one of

the most handsome species of the genus. The styles are

bright red, white just below the stigma, and the stigma

brownish-black. It is characterised by the regular ex-

cavations on the surface of the stigma which appear to be

receptacles for the pollen grains.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1641).

Description : — Branches minutely tomentose but also

sparsely covered with long lax hairs. Leaves 4-5-T-5 cm.

long, 2-2-3-S cm. broad, elliptic, with a blunt 3-toothed

callous apex, densely adpressed-pubescent with silky hairs.

Heads sessile, 7-5 cm. long including the styles, 8-12-flowered,

solitary in the axils of the leaves at the ends of the branches.

Involucral-bracts 3-seriate; the outer 1-7 cm. long, 6 mm.

broad, lanceolate-ovate, obtuse, villous without, long-ciliate ;

inner 2 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate,

sub-acute, villous without, long-ciliate. Receptacle villous.

Perianth divided almost to the base; segments 3-2 cm.

long, linear-filiform, slightly broadened at the base, villous;

limb 6 mm. long, obovate, subacuminate, obtuse, villous.

Anthers sessile, 2-5 mm. long, obtuse. Hypogynous scales

3 mm. long, linear subacute. Ovary about 1 mm. long, hairy

at base; style 6-5 mm. long, cylindric, glabrous; stigma

4 mm. long, obovoid, obtuse, with several depressions on the

sides.

Plate 82. — Fig. 1, a single head; Fig. 2, bracts; Figs. 3, 4, a single

flower ; Fig. 5, perianth-segment enlarged ; Fig. 6, stigma enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

K.A.Lan3 dell del.

Plate 83.

SENECIO MEDLEY-WOODII.

Natal.

Compositae. Tribe Senecionideae.

Senecio, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 446.

Senecio Medley-Woodii, Hutchinson, sp. nov. succulenta caule crasso,

foliis carnosis dentatis lanato-pubescentibus, capitulis speciosis flavis

distincta.

Rami succulenti, purpurei, juniores lanati, demum glabri. Folia

sessilia, 3-5-5 cm. longa, 1-5-3 cm. lata, obovata, breviter apiculata, basi

cuneata, superne undulato-dentata, primum lanata, demum plus minusve

glabra. Capitula racemoso-corymbosa, 13-14-flora, 19 cm. longa; pedunculi

ultimi 3-6 cm. longi, lanati. Involucri bracteae 1-2-1 -5 cm. longae, 3-6 mm.

latae, lanceolatae ad elliptico-ovatae, obtusae, marginibus membranaceis,

extra lanato-tomentosae. Receptaculum planum, 8 mm. latum, foveolatum.

Flores radii flavi; limbus 1-5 cm. longus, 5 mm. latus, oblongus, 6-8-nervus,

apice minute tridentatus ; ovarium glabrum. Flores disci brunneo-flavi ;

pappus 1 cm. longus; corollae tubus 1-2 cm. longus, glaber. Achaenia

glabra.

This is one of the shrubby species of Senecio with succu-

lent stems found in Natal. In cultivation it makes an

ornamental shrub having very large yellow-rayed heads.

The species was first collected by the late Dr. Medley Wood

at Murchison in Natal in 1884 ( Wood 3065), and was brought

to him from Krantzkloof in August 1915. Dr. Wood had

an illustration made for vol. vii of the “ Natal Plants,” but did

not draw up a description, as specimens were sent to Kew

for identification. The present illustration was made from

a specimen which flowered in the garden of the Natal Her-

barium. This species was the last which Dr. Medley Wood

worked at the day before his death.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria (Herb. No. 1604).

Description : — Branches succulent, woolly when young,

at length becoming glabrous. Leaves sessile, 3-5-5 cm. long,

1-5-3 cm. broad above, obovate, shortly apiculate, cuneate

at the base, with the margins more or less undulate and

sometimes toothed in the upper half, woolly when young,

at length becoming more or less glabrous. Inflorescence

terminal, peduncled, 13-14-flowered, racemose-corymbose,

19 cm. long; common peduncle 10 cm. long, woolly; ultimate

peduncles 3-6 cm. long, few-bracteate, woolly. Bracts 1-5-

2 cm. long, linear, obtuse, woolly. Involucral-scales 1-2-

1-5 cm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, lanceolate to elliptic-ovate,

obtuse, with more or less membranous margins, woollv-

tomentose without. Receptacle flat, 8 mm. broad, honey-

combed. Ray-flowers pale yellow. Corolla-tube 6 mm. long,

cylindric; limb 1-5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, oblong, 6-8-

nerved, minutely 3-toothed at the apex. Pappus 9 mm. long ;

setae very minutely barbellate. Ovary 4 mm. long, linear in

outline, glabrous ; style 8 mm. long, cylindric, somewhat

thickened at the base; lobes 2 mm. long, linear obtuse.

Disc-floicers brownish-yellow. Pappus 1 cm. long, very

minutely barbellate. Corolla-tube 1-2 cm. long, gradually

widening upwards, glabrous;, lobes 1-5 mm. long, ovate,

obtuse. Filaments inserted at the constricted portions of

the corolla-tube, 6 mm. long, linear, slightly broadened below

the anthers ; anthers 4 mm. long, with a short ovate append-

age, blunt at the base. Ovary 4-5 mm. long, linear in outline,

glabrous; style 1-1 cm. long, cylindric; lobes 2 mm. long,

flat on the inner face, convex on the back, truncate and

shortly bristly at the apex.

Plate 83. — Fig. 1, ray-flower; Fig. 2, disc-flower; Fig. 3, upper portion

of style with lobes ; Figs. 4, 5, involucral bracts ; Fig. 6, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

S. Gower del

Plate 84.

PROTEA COMPACTA.

Cape Province.

Proteaceae. Tribe Proteeae.

Protea, Linn. ; Benth. et Hoolc. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 169.

Protea compacta, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. x. 76; FI. Cap. vol. v.

sect. i. p. 570.

We have previously figured two species of Protea belonging

to different sections of the genus. On Plate 22 will be found

P. abyssinica (§ Lasiocephalae ) with a large head not con-

tracted into a scaly peduncle at the base, while on Plate 76

we figured P. recondita (§ Leiocephalae) with a smaller head

and a scaly peduncle. Our present plant belongs to quite a

separate section ( Ligulatae ), which is characterised by the

inner involucral bracts being produced into a long claw with

an oblong or oblanceolate limb. Protea compacta is a common

plant in some parts of the Cape Province, especially in the

Caledon Division, but is also found in parts of the Cape and

Stellenbosch Divisions, and a single specimen, collected by

Zeyher, has been recorded from the van Staden’s Mountains.

In its natural habitat it is a bush 4-6 ft. high with brilliant

pink bracts partly surrounded by the uppermost leaves, and

in many localities the flowering bush is one of the features

of the landscape. Like many other species of Protea in the

Cape Province, this species is visited by a large coleopterous

beetle.

Our plant was collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G.,

at Hawston in the Caledon Division, where it is found growing

on white sandy soil. The species has been established in

cultivation at the National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch,

and is doing remarkably well there. Specimens are preserved

in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (No. 2577).

Description : — Branches finely tomentellous, at length

glabrous. Leaves 3^-4 J in. long, §-l| in. broad, strongly

imbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, obtuse

with a callous point, sub-cordate or rounded or slightly

narrowed at the base, coriaceous, prominently veined,

glabrous, with the margins shortly villous or at length

glabrous. Head sessile, 4 in. long, about 24 in. in diameter.

Involucral-bracts 8-seriate ; outer ovate, obtuse, villous-

pubescent or more or less glabrescent, with a dense fringe

of woolly hairs ; inner more or less flesh-colour to carmine

with an oblong limb and a linear claw, finely villous-tomen-

tose, tips densely ciliate, exceeding the flowers. Perianth-

sheath 2 in. long, dilated, 5-nerved and 3-keeled below, finely

tomentose, glabrous at the base ; lip over 1 in. long, 3-awned,

lateral awns 3-44 in. long, filiform, flexuous, tawny to purplish-

tomentose; median awn 1 in. long, filiform. Fertile stamens

3, sub-sessile ; filaments £ in. long, flattened ; anthers linear,

44 in. long ; apical gland almost 1 in. long, lanceolate-oblong ;

barren stamen 44 in. long, linear, eglandular. Ovary 1 in.

long, oblong, densely covered with long light-golden hairs;

style 2 in. long, finely grooved on the convex side, glabrous;

stigma 24 in. long, linear, obtuse, strongly keeled and bent

at the junction with the style.

Plate 84. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of receptacle; Fig. 2, surface

view of portion of receptacle ; Fig. 3, an outermost bract ; Fig. 4, inner

bract; Fig. 5, a single flower; Fig. 6, ovary and base of style; Fig. 7,

stigma and upper part of style.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

S. Gower del.

Plate 85.

GERBERA plantaginea.

Transvaal.

Compositae. Tribe Mutisieae.

Gerbera, Gronov. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 497.

Gerbera plantaginea, Harv. in FI. Cap. vol. ii. p. 522.

In an earlier part, on Plate 64, we figured a Transvaal plant,

Gazania pygmaea, and stated it to be one of the first species

to flower on burnt veld. The plant illustrated here is usually

contemporary with the above, and before any of the other

veld plants show signs of growth numerous inflorescences of

Gerbera plantaginea may be seen pushing through the hard

surface of the soil. The underground rootstock is well

adapted to withstand the long, dry winter months, and can

store up sufficient moisture to commence growth before the

first summer rains begin. The plant is usually found growing

in small colonies, and the colour of the ray-florets varies from

pure white to yellow and through various shades of pink to

red. Like Gazania pygmaea, this species was found by Burke

and Zeyher on the Magaliesberg about the year 1841, and

Harvey, in the “ Flora Capensis,” based his description on

their specimen. We are indebted to Mr. D. Fouche for the

specimens which were collected near Meintjes Kopje, Pretoria.

They are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria

(Herb. No. 2580).

Desckiption : — An acaulescent plant with an under-

ground rhizome with a woolly crown and thick cylindric roots.

Leaves 4-5-13 cm. long, 0-8-2-2 cm. broad, lanceolate or

oblong-lanceolate, subacute, narrowed into a petiole at the

base, with the midrib and lateral veins distinct beneath,

and with entire or sub-denticulate margins, pilose above and

beneath. Peduncle 11-27 cm. long, naked, densely tomentose,

at length becoming sparsely tomentose. Heads solitary,

3-4 cm. in diameter. Involucral-bracts in 3 rows, all tomen-

tose; the outer 7 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad at the base,

tapering to an acute point; the inner 1 cm. long, 2 mm.

broad, lanceolate, acuminate, acute. Receptacle slightly con-

vex, honeycombed. Ray-flowers in two rows ; the outer

with a strap-shaped limb 1 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, about

6-nerved, minutely 2-3-toothed at the apex and with the

lower lip represented by 4 linear appendages 1-5-2 mm. long,

the two outer narrower than the two inner. Pappus 6 mm.

long, longer than the tube. Ovary 3 mm. long, oblong,

pilose; style 8 mm. long, cylindric; lobes 0-5 mm. long,

glandular (lobes sometimes three) ; inner ray-flowers similar

to the outer but limb 4-5 mm. long, 0-75 mm. broad. Disc-

flowers hermaphrodite. Corolla-tube 4-5 mm. long, cylindric ;

lobes 3 mm. long, 0-5 mm. broad, linear, obtuse. Anthers

5 mm. long, linear, obtuse, long-tailed at the base. Pappus

6 mm. long. Ovary 3 mm. long, terete, almost glabrous;

style C mm. long, cylindric ; lobes 0-5 mm. long, ovate, obtuse.

Plate 85. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section through head showing the

convex receptacle ; Fig. 2, a ray-floret ; Fig. 3, a disc-floret ; Fig. 4, upper

portion of corolla of disc-floret ; Fig. 5, apices of lips of disc-floret ; Fig. 6,

stamens ; Fig. 7, upper portion of style of disc-floret showing the two lobes.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

86.

1

Plate 86.

ALOE VARIEGATA.

Cape Province.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn. ; Benth. et Hoolc. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe variegata, Linn. Sp. PI. vol. i. p. 321 ; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 328.

The Aloe here represented differs from any we have

previously illustrated by having the leaves arranged in three

ranks which may become spirally twisted. In the “ Flora

Capensis ” this character is used to distinguish a sub-genus

“ Gonialoe ” which contains only the species A. variegata.

The species is one of the oldest and most common aloes in

cultivation. A coloured illustration appeared in the Botanical

Magazine (t. 513) in 1801, and it is recorded that a Mr.

Fairchild had the species growing in England in 1720. For

some reason the plant is not well represented in European

herbaria, as even in 1897, when the genus was published in

the “ Flora Capensis,” the precise localities in which the

species occurs in South Africa remained doubtful. The

traveller and botanist, Carl Thunberg, collected the plant

about 1772, and according to Mr. N. E. Brown it is repre-

sented in the Thunberg herbarium by “ two leaves with the

variegation on them well preserved, and a single flower.”

The species is easy of cultivation and is propagated by

means of suckers which send up small plants. From the

plant in cultivation at Pretoria, four offshoots have developed

in one season.

We are enabled to figure this plant through the courtesy

of Mrs. E. Rood, of Van Rhynsdorp, who forwarded us the

living plant, which flowered at Pretoria in July 1922. Speci-

mens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria

(No. 2575).

Description : — An acaulescent plant. Leaves in three

rows sometimes slightly spirally twisted, with irregular

greenish-white bands on a dark green background ; the

lower leaves 8-10 cm. long, about 3-5 cm. broad, ovate,

mucronate, almost flat above, keeled beneath, rough with

small tubercles on the keel and margins; the inner leaves

14-23 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, concave on the

inner face, keeled beneath, rough with small tubercles on

the keel and margins. Inflorescence from the axil of one of

the lower leaves; peduncle 40 cm. long, 9 mm. in diameter,

terete, with about 8 barren bracts below the flowers which

occupy the uppermost 11 cm. of the peduncle. Flowers at

first erect, then horizontal, then pendulous when mature.

Bracts 1-2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, long-acuminate, acute,

longer than the pedicels, white, with a greenish-brown keel.

Pedicels 5 mm. long, terete, glabrous. Perianth-tube 4 cm.

long, 9 mm. in diameter, tubular, slightly ventricose and

oblique at the base ; lobes 9 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, obovate.

Stamens attached to the base of the perianth ; filaments

4-5 cm. long, terete; anthers 2-5 mm. long, oblong. Ovary

6 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid; style 4 cm. long,

terete; stigma minutely 3-lobed.

Plate 86. — Fig. 1, bract; Fig. 2, bud; Fig. 3, mature flower; Fig. 4,

upper part of perianth laid open; Fig. 5, stamen; Fig. 6, pistil; Fig. 7,

cross-section of leaf. N.B. — In the coloured drawing the leaves are half

natural size, but the inflorescence is natural size.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

S. Gower del.

Plate 87.

CERATOTHECA triloba.

Bechuanaland, Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal .

Pedaliaceae. Tribe Sesameae.

Ceratotheca, Endl. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 1059.

Ceratotheca triloba, E. Mey. ex Bernh. in Linnaea, vol. svi. 29 ;

FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. ii. p. 462.

The genus Ceratotheca, of which there are five species

known, is confined to Africa, but the species figured in the

accompanying plate is the only one recorded in South Africa.

The genus is closely related to Sesamum, only differing by

the capsule having two divergent horns or spines at the

apex instead of being acute or beaked as in the latter genus.

The species was first described in 1842 under the name

Sporledera triloba, but, as pointed out in the Botanical

Magazine under Tab. 6974, there is. no justification for

establishing a genus to include this species separate from

Ceratotheca. The oldest record from South Africa appears

to be specimens collected by Drege between the Umtata and

St. John’s River, but since then it has been found by numerous

collectors. When fresh, the leaves have a very objectionable

odour. The plant is very common during January on the

hills at Wonderboom, near Pretoria. Our specimen was

collected by Dr. R. Reitz. Specimens are preserved in the

National Herbarium, Pretoria (No. 1605).

Description : — An herbaceous plant with erect stems,

sometimes 6 ft. high, simple or branched. Stems obtusely

4-angled, glandular-pilose. Leaves opposite, sometimes al-

ternate, petiolate; petioles 0-5-5 cm. long, grooved above,

convex beneath, glandular-pilose; lamina 2-6-5 cm. long,

ovate, more or less 3-lobed with the lobes crenate (the upper-

most leaves not lobed), cordate at the base, palmately veined,

with the veins prominent beneath, depressed above, glandular-

pubescent. Flowers solitary, axillary, with often two abortive

flowers in the same leaf-axil. Pedicels 5 mm. long, terete,

glandular-pilose. Calyx divided almost to the base ; the

lobes erect, 0*8-1 cm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, sub-

obtuse, glandular-pilose ; the anterior lobe the smallest.

Corolla-tube 3*5 cm. long, ventricose at the base, then slightly

constricted and widening into a broad campanulate portion

1*4 cm. diameter, glandular-pilose; lobes 0*8 cm. long, about

1 cm. broad, transversely oblong, rounded above ; the

posterior lobe longer. Stamens of two different lengths,

inserted above the ventricose portion of the corolla-tube;

filaments 0*9-1 *3 cm. long, glabrous; anthers 5 mm. long,

linear. Ovary 6 mm. long, oblong in outline, densely villous,

with 2 divergent horns at the apex; style 1*8 cm. long,

terete, glabrous ; stigmas recurved, papillose. Fruit 2 cm.

long, oblong, with 2 divergent horns, glandular-pilose.

Plate 87. — Fig. 1, portion of flowering branch; Fig. 2, corolla laid

open; Fig. 3, pistil; Fig. 4, cross-section of ovary ; Fig. 5, stigmas ; Fig. 6,

stamens and anther; Fig. 7, fruits; Fig. 8, fruit dehisced; Fig. 9, leaf;

Figs. 10, 11, abortive flowers.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

9

S . G ower del.

Plate 88.

DICOMA ZEYHERI.

Transvaal. Zululand.

Compositae. Tribe Mutisieae.

Dicoma, Cass. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 492.

Dicoma Zeyheri, Cass, in Linn. vol. xxiii. p. 71 ; FI. Cap. vol. iii. p. 518.

The genus Dicoma comprises a small group of half-woody

shrubs with acuminate usually pungent involucral-bracts.

About twenty-five species are known, most of which are

found in Tropical and South Africa, one extending into

Western India. There is also a peculiar species, D. cana,

in the island of Socotra. The tribe Mutisieae, to which

Dicoma belongs, is but sparingly represented in Africa and

has its head-quarters in South America.

Our present plant is common in parts of the Transvaal

High veld, and is found in flower from January to March.

It has also been collected at Barberton by Mr. E. E. Galpin.

Like so many of the shrubby plants occurring in the grass-

veld, it has deep underground roots from which the stems

arise, but, unlike the majority of them, is one of the last to

flower.

The specimen from which this plate was prepared was

collected by Miss S. Gower near the Botanical Laboratories,

Pretoria. Specimens are preserved in the National Her-

barium, Pretoria (No. 2581).

Description : — A somewhat woody undershrub about

30 cm. high with deep underground roots. Stems striate,

cobwebby. Leaves 5-5—7 cm. long, 1—1-7 cm. broad, lanceo-

late, acute, or obtuse, sometimes subacuminate, slightly

broadened and half-clasping at the base, usually entire,

more rarely minutely and remotely toothed, glabrous above,

cobwebby beneath. Capitulum shortly peduncled, about

5 cm. in diameter when expanded. Involucral-bracts in

about 8 rows, the outermost strongly reflexed, the rest erect

spreading, 1 -5-2-5 cm. long, 4-9 mm. broad, ovate, acumin-

ate, pungent, with membranous margins (except the outer-

most) ; the innermost bracts erect, closely enveloping the

flowers, almost wholly membranous. Involucre 1-5 cm. in

diameter, slightly convex, deeply honeycombed. Flowers

all hermaphrodite. Corolla-tube 6 mm. long, cylindric for

5 mm. then suddenly campanulate, glabrous; lobes 4-5 mm.

long, linear, gradually tapering upwards, obtuse, recurved

in open flowers. Stamens inserted at the widened portion of

the corolla-tube; filaments 1-5 mm. long, linear; anthers

7-5 mm. long, linear, lanceolate, acute at the apex, long-

tailed at the base; tails hairy with ascending hairs. Ovary

densely villous; style 1-5 cm. long, cylindric, glabrous; lobes

0-5 mm. long, ovate, obtuse, convex and hairy on outer side.

Pappus 9 mm. long, dense and completely hiding the corolla-

tube; setae long, plumose.

Plate 88. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of head; Fig. 2, surface view

of part of receptacle ; Fig. 3, involucral-bract ; Fig. 4, an inner involucral-

bract ; Fig. 5, disc-floret before style appears ; Fig. 6, disc-floret with style

through the stamens; Fig. 7, disc-floret with pappus removed; Fig. 8,

stamen; Fig. 9, apex of style; Fig. 10, a single pappus bristle; Fig. 11,

portion of a leaf showing the minute teeth on the margin.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

89.

K.A Lansdell del

Plate 89.

HYOBANCHE fulleri.

Natal.

Scrophtjlamaceae. Tribe Gerardieae.

Hyobaxche, Thumb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 968.

Hyobanche Fulleri, Phillips, sp. nov. Stipes succulentus. Folia

1-4 cm. longa, superne 6 mm. lata, spathulata, apice obtusa, externe glandu-

loso-villosa. Inflorescentia ad 13 cm. longa, 3 cm. lata. Bracteae 2-5 cm.

longae, superne 6 mm. latae, spathulatae, externe glanduloso-pilosae,

3-nervosae; bracteolae 2, 2-5 cm. longae, 2 mm. latae, lineares, apice sub-

acutae. Pedicellus 3 mm. longus, 3 mm. latus, carnosus. Calyx inaequalis ;

segmentum infimum 3 mm. longum, lineare; cetera 2-5 cm. longa, pilosa.

Corolla leviter curvata, 3-5 cm. longa, 7 mm. lata, superne viscido -pilosa.

Filimenta 2-4 cm. longa. Ovarium 4 mm. longum, globosum, glabrum;

stylus 2-7 cm. longus, superne curvatus; stigma clavatum.

This new Hyobanche is the only recorded species for

Natal. Bews (“ Flora of Natal and Zululand ”) records

H. sanguinea from Umzumbi, but we suspect it is the species

here described. It was first collected by the late Dr. J.

Medley Wood (Herb. Natal 11002) at Karridene Beach, and

recently Mr. Claude Fuller of Pretoria forwarded living

specimens from the same locality. Mr. Fuller was unable

to determine the host on which the parasite grew. It differs

from H. sanguinea, as from all the other known South African

species, in having the lowest calyx segment very much shorter

than the others. The genus Hyobanche is very closely

related to Harveya, a species ( Harveya squamosa) of which

is figured on Plate 67. Species of the two genera can easily

be distinguished by an examination of the stamens. In

Hyobanche the anthers are one-celled, while in Harveya the

anthers are two-celled but only one cell contains pollen.

Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria

(Herb. No. 1643).

Description : — A parasitic herb. Stem fleshy. Leaves

adpressed, 1-4 cm. long, 6 mm. broad above, spathulate,

obtuse, glandular- villous without. Inflorescence up to 13 cm.

long, 3 cm. in diameter; axis fleshy. Bracts 2-5 cm. long,

0-6 cm. broad above, spathulate, densely glandular-pilose

without, 3-nerved above; bracteoles 2, 2-5 cm. long, 2 mm.

broad, linear, subacute, narrowing at the base. Pedicels

3 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter, fleshy. Calyx unequal ; the

anterior segment 3 mm. long, linear ; the lateral and posterior

segments 2-5 cm. long, pilose without. Corolla slightly

curved, 3-5 cm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, viscously pilose

without in the upper half; mouth a longitudinal slit, about

1 cm. long, more or less opening out upwards by a recurving

of the margins which indicates the presence of a hooded

faintly two-lobed upper lip and a very obscure lower lip

split to the base. Filaments 2-4 cm. long, attached near

base of corolla-tube. Ovary 4 mm. long, 4 mm. in diameter,

globose, glabrous; style 2-7 cm. long, terete, gradually

thickening and sharply curved above, glabrous ; stigma

clavate.

Plate 89. — Fig. 1, young inflorescence; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of

inflorescence; Fig. 3, underground stem with young inflorescence; Fig. 4,

dower, with bract and two bracteoles ; Fig. 5, bract, front and side view ;

Fig. 6, calyx ; Fig. 7, bracteole ; Fig. 8, corolla ; Fig. 9, gynaecium ; Fig. 10,

leaf; Fig. 11, upper portion of corolla, side view; Fig. 12, upper portion

of corolla, front view.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

90

S . G ower del.

Plate 90.

ROMULEA AUSTiNii.

Cape Province.

Iridaceae. Tribe Sisyrinchieae.

Romulea, Maratti ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 695.

Romulea Austinii, Phillips, sp. nov. ; affinis JR. hirsutae, Eck., sed

floribus aurantiacis, bractea interior marginibus latis membranaceis differt.

Cormi 1-5 cm. longi, 1*2 cm. diametro, tunicis brunneis obtecti. Folia

3 vel 4, lineari-filiformia, acuta, 4^-10 cm. longa, 0-75 mm. lata, profunde

sulcata, basi vaginata. Flores 2-3-nati; pedicelli 1-2 cm. longi, subteretes,

glabri, demum spiraliter curvati. Valva exterior elliptico-oblonga, herbacea,

apice dentata, 9 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, 9-nervia, marginibus angustis

membranaceis, interior subaequalis, apice bifida, 5-6-nervia, marginibus

latissime membranaceis. Perianthii tubus campanulatus, 5-6 mm. longus,

lobis 1-5 cm. longis 0-7 cm. latis obovatis obtusis interioribus aurantiacis

exterioribus purpureo notatis. Filamenta 9 mm. longa, basi explanata et

pilosa, medio dorso pilosa ; anther ae 4 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, ellipsoideae,

primum leviter connatae. Ovarium subglobosum ; stylus 1 cm. longus,

teres, glaber, ramis 3-5 mm. longis bifidis.

South Africa : Matjesfontein, A. J. Austin.

We are indebted to Mr. A. J. Austin for this charming

little species of Romulea, which is apparently undescribed.

It was gathered at Matjesfontein. The same species was

collected a few years ago by Schlechter (No. 8847) at Matjes

River at an altitude of 2500 feet, and distributed by him as

Romulea hirsuta, Eckl., var. aurantiaca. Although resembling

R. hirsuta in general appearance, it is easily distinguished

by the colour of the flowers and especially by the very broadly

membranous margins of the inner spathe valve. The flowers

close up at night.

Our knowledge of the genus Romulea in South Africa is

still very meagre, and much field-work is necessary in order

to understand the range and variability of the species.

Description : — Corms 1*5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. in diameter

with brown tunics. Leaves 3-4 to a corm, 4-10 cm. long,

0*75 mm. broad, with five deep and narrow grooves, acute.

somewhat sheathing at the base and forming a distinct neck,

minutely ciliate. Flowers 2-3 to a spathe. Pedicels 1-2 cm.

long, subterete, glabrous, becoming spirally coiled in old

flowers. Outer spathe valve 9 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, elliptic-

oblong, toothed at the apex, 9-nerved, with membranous

margins ; inner spathe valve about same size as outer, deeply

bifid at the apex, 5-6-nerved with very broad membranous

margins. Perianth-tube 5-6 mm. long, campanulate; lobes

1-5 cm. long, 0-7 cm. broad, obovate, obtuse, reflexed in the

open flower, yellow in colour with a spade-like purple mark

on the three outer and smaller purple marks on the three

inner. Filaments 9 mm. long, convex on the back, grooved

on the front face, broadened and pilose at the base, pilose

on back about the middle ; anthers 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad,

elliptic, in flowers which have just opened the anthers are

somewhat joined and the stigmas appear between the anthers.

Ovary subglobose; style 1 cm. long, terete, glabrous; lobes

3-5 mm. long, each subdivided into 2 lobes 2 mm. long.

Plate 90. — Fig. 1, leaf; Fig. la, section of leaf; Fig. 2, spathe valve;

Fig. 3, perianth from outside ; Fig. 4, same from above ; Fig. 5, section of

flower ; Fig. 6, stamen ; Fig. 7, base of filament ; Fig. 8, anther (front) ;

Fig. 9, anther (back); Fig. 10, style; Fig. 11, inner valve.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

97.

S. Gower del.

Plate 91.

LACHENALIA roodeae.

Cape Province.

Liliaceae. Tribe Scilleae.

Lachenalia, Jacq. ; Benth. et Hook. f. vol. iii. p. 807.

Lachenalia Roodeae, Phillips, sp. nov.

Bulbus 2-5 cm. longus, 1-8 cm. latus. Folia 2, 7-14 cm. longa, basi

2- 4 cm. lata, ovato-lanceolata, apice obtusa, aliquando mucronata, glabra.

Pedunculus 2-3-5 cm. longus, c. 7 cm. latus. Inflorescentia spicata, 9-14 cm.

longa. Bracteae c. 1 mm. longae, ovatae, apice obtusae. Pedicellus c. 1 mm.

longus. Flos 1-1-2 cm. longus, campanulatus, basi obliquus ; lobi exteriores

8 mm. longi, 4-75 mm. lati, oblongo-ovati, apice obtusi; lobi interiores

1 cm. longi, 4-5 mm. lati, oblongo-obovati, apice rotundi. Stamina exserta ;

filamenta 1-2 cm. longa; antherae 1-5 mm. longae, oblongae. Ovarium

3- 5 mm. longum, 2-5 mm. latum, trigonum; stylus 1-1 cm. longus, teres;

stigma minute 3-lobatum.

Van Rhynsdorp District : Van Rhynsdorp, Mrs. E. Rood in National

Herbarium Pretoria, 1461.

This extremely fine species of Lachenalia was sent to the

Division of Botany by Mrs. E. Rood of Van Rhynsdorp,

who states that the plant is quite common there. It belongs

to an endemic South African genus of about fifty species, and

sin-passes any other species known to us in the rich colouring

of the flowers. It flowers during August and September,

and should make a welcome addition to the bulb garden as

one of the earlier flowering species. There has been some

doubt about the identity of this plant, and we were inclined

to regard it as L. carnosa, Baker, which was collected by

Drege in Little Namaqualand. Mr. N. E. Brown, of Kew,

very kindly examined the plate, and is of the opinion that

it is not this species, and that nothing like it is in the Kew

Herbarium. It, however, is very near L. carnosa. Baker,

but may be distinguished from this species in the inner

perianth segments being longer than the outer and in the far

exserted stamens. This latter character is not constant, as

we find after examining a large series of specimens that the

length to which the stamens are exserted from the perianth

depends on the age of the flower. The stamens are in more

or less two unilateral rows, the lower three ripening before

the upper three.

Description : — Bulb 2 5 cm. long, 1-8 cm. in diameter,

ovoid, covered with black membranous tunics with many

fibrous roots from the base. Leaves 2, erect-spreading, 7-14

cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad in the widest part; the outer leaf

always larger than the inner leaf, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,

sometimes mucronate, narrowed and clasping at the base,

with reddish margins, glabrous. Peduncle 2-3-5 cm. long,

about 7 mm. in diameter, partially hidden by the clasping

leaf bases. Inflorescence a dense many-flowered spike, 9-14

cm. long; axis fleshy, up to 8 cm. in diameter at the base,

narrowing upwards, with a number of facets, each facet

bearing a flower at the base. Bracts about 1 mm. long,

ovate, obtuse, forming a small pocket from which the flower

arises. Flowers subsessile ; pedicels about 1 mm. long.

Perianth purplish, 1-T2 cm. long, campanulate, oblique at

the base; tube about 3 mm. long, about 5 mm. in diameter

above; lobes of outer segments 8 mm. long, 4-75 mm. broad,

oblong-ovate, obtuse, rostrate on the outer surface just

beneath the apex; lobes of the inner segments 1 cm. long,

4-5 mm. broad above, oblong-obovate, rounded above.

Stamens exserted, attached to base of the perianth segments ;

filaments 1-2 cm. long, terete; anthers 1-5 mm. long, oblong.

Ovary 3-5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. in diameter, oblong in outline,

trigonous; style 1-1 cm. long, terete, stigma very faintly

3-lobed.

Plate 91. — Fig. 1, base of leaves; Fig. 2, axis of inflorescence showing

the small cups in which the flowers are situated ; Fig. 3, a single flower ;

Fig. 4, perianth laid open ; Fig. 5, apices of outer perianth segments ;

Fig. 6, apex of an inner perianth segment. Fig. 7, stamens ; Fig. 8, pistil.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

92.

S. G o wer del.

Plate 92.

BRUNIA stokoei.

Cape Province.

Bruniaceae.

Brunia, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 671.

Brunia Stokoei, Phillips in Kew Bulletin, 1923, ined.

This is the first occasion upon which we have had an

opportunity of figuring a member of the Natural Order

Bruniaceae, which is one of the endemic South African

families. The Bruniaceae comprise about fifty species, all

confined to the south-western portion of the Cape Province.

The genera Brunia and Berzelia often form a conspicuous

feature in the landscape in some areas, the spherical heads

of white flowers making the bushes noticeable amongst the

surrounding vegetation.

The species figured here was collected in 1922 by Mr.

T. P. Stokoe on the Hottentot Hollands Mountains near

Hang Klip, and forwarded by him to the Division of Botany,

Pretoria. Near the same locality Mr. Stokoe discovered

another species of Brunia, which is undescribed. We do not

know of either of these species having been previously col-

lected, and the fact that undescribed and rare plants have

recently been found on such a well-known mountain range

as the Hottentot Hollands, proves that there must be a large

area, within easy reach of Cape Town, which has not yet

been thoroughly botanically explored.

Description : — Branches glabrous. Leaves spreading

7-8 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, trigonous, almost flat above

with a raised mid-rib, keeled beneath, obtuse, tipped with

a small black globose mucro, the angles of the leaves when

viewed by transmitted light are pellucid, glabrous. Inflores-

cence a stalked globose head arranged in groups up the

branches. Peduncles 2-3 cm. long, 5-7 mm. in diameter,

surrounded by adpressed imbricated bracts 3 mm. long,

1 mm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse, keeled below, glabrous.

Axis of inflorescence 1-2-1 -5 cm. long, 7-9 mm. in diameter,

more or less ovate in longitudinal section. Floral-bracts

7 mm. long, obovate-spathulate, subacuminate, tipped with

a black mucro, bent almost at right angles above, densely

villous on back in the middle third. Calyx of 4 sepals,

4-5 mm. long ; 3 sepals narrow-linear, the fourth oblanceolate,

all densely villous without. Petals 5-5 mm. long, -75 mm.

broad, linear, with one large middle lobe and two small

or almost obsolete side lobes. Filaments 5 mm. long, terete;

anthers 1-25 mm. long, linear. Ovary 2 mm. long, 1 mm.

in diameter, ellipsoid, densely villous above, 2-celled, with

a pendulous ovule in each cell; styles two, 4 mm. long,

terete, free from the base ; stigma simple (in some flowers

examined there was only a single style). Immature fruit 3-5

mm. long, 1-5 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid (National Herb.

Pretoria 1668).

Plate 92. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section through head showing axis of

the inflorescence; Fig. 2, floral bract; Fig. 3, a single flower; Fig. 4, a

stamen; Fig. 5, longitudinal section of ovary showing the two cells and

pendulous ovules.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

V3.

Plate 93.

MOODXA bainii.

Cape Province.

Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.

Hoodia, Sweet. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 783.

Hoodia Bainii, Dyer in Boi. Mag. t. 6348 ; FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. i. p. 897.

This plant, although previously figured in botanical

publications, has been thought worthy of another illustration,

especially as the former figures are not generally available

to cultivators of South African succulents.

The first species of this interesting genus was brought

to the notice of botanists in 1874 by Sir Henry Barkly, who

sent specimens to Kew, where it flowered the following year.

Since then other species have come to light, and we now know

of seven species of the genus occurring in the desert regions

of the Cape Province and Namaqualand.

The specimen figured was collected by Mrs. D. van der

Bijl, Kruidfontein, Fraserburg District, in 1921, and sent to

the Division of Botany, where it flowered in September

1922. The plant sends up numerous stems 9-12 inches high,

and on these flowers profusely. The flowers are martius

yellow (Ridgway Colour Standards) in colour, with a dark

corona standing out in sharp relief in the middle of the

saucer-shaped corolla. Like many other members of this

group of plants, the flowers have a disagreeable odour.

Description : — Plant 6-8 in. high in the specimens seen

(12-15 in. according to Barkly), bushily branched; branches

1-111 in. thick, with 12-15 tuberculate angles, glabrous, green,

somewhat glaucous; tubercles tipped with a slender pale

brown spine 31-5 in. long; flowers 1-2 together, glabrous

in all parts; pedicels f-4 in. long; sepals 2-2\ in. long,

ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; corolla in bud hemispheric at

the basal part, 5-winged above, truncate, with a short central

point, when expanded 2?-3 in. in diameter, cup-shaped,

about 1 in. deep, subtruncate at the margin with 5 subulate

or awn-like points 14-3 in. long, glabrous, smooth, not

papillate on the central part, light yellow or pale buff, some-

times tinged with pinkish or very pale purple ; tube obsolete,

represented by a slight depression from which the blackish

corona is exserted or its margins resting upon the rim, when

dried contained in a very small cup; outer corona lf-2 in.

in diameter, cupular, 5-lobed; lobes in. long, nearly

1 in. broad, emarginate ; inner corona-lobes 5 in. long, oblong,

obtuse, closely incumbent upon the backs of the anthers

and not exceeding them, dorsally connected to the inflexed

sinuses of the outer corona; follicles 4-5 in. long, 4-5 in.

thick, terete-fusiform, tapering to a beak, glabrous, smooth;

seeds 3-3?, in. long, 1? in. broad, ovate, flat, with a slightly

thickened margin, glabrous, smooth, light brown. Flora

Capensis (National Herb. Pretoria 2592).

Plate 93. — Fig. 1, bud; Fig. 2, transverse section of stem; Fig. 3,

corona ; Fig. 4, pollinia.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

M.Page del-

Plate 94.

TRITONIA MATHEWSIANA.

Transvaal.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Tritonia, Ker. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 708.

Tritonia Mathewsiana, L. Bolus in Annals Bolus Herb. vol. iii. p. 76.

This species, which belongs to one of the large South

African genera of the iris family, differs from all genera of

Iridaceae hitherto figured in this publication in having small

brown spathe valves. The genus is represented in South

Africa by over thirty species, mostly confined to the coastal

region of the Cape Province, but with a few in Namaqualand,

Natal, and the Transvaal. Tritonia lineata is the most

widely distributed species of the genus, occurring in the

Mossel Bay, Bathurst, Albany, Stockenstroom, and Somerset

East Divisions, and extending into East Griqualand, Basuto-

land, and Natal.

The species here figured is a new record for the Transvaal,

and was found by Mrs. H. M. Wood at Graskop, Pilgrim’s

Rest. Plants were sent to the National Botanic Gardens,

Kirstenbosch, and flowered there during February of the

years 1918-1921 (National Botanic Gardens, No. ^2-). An

illustration was made from these specimens and kindly lent

to us by the Curator of the Bolus Herbarium for reproduction.

Description : — An erect glabrous plant 1*5 mm. or more

high. Leaves ascending or almost erect, 35 cm. long, 4 cm.

broad, ensiform, with about 13 primary nerves ; radical leaves

about 4; cauline leaves about 10. Peduncle up to 15 cm.

long clasped by the uppermost leaf which is reduced to

6 cm. long. Inflorescence racemose with the branches divari-

cate and the flowering axis flexuose, moderately dense with

the flowers secund, at length perpendicular to the axis.

Bracts 3-5 mm. long, oblong, acute, the younger herbaceous ;

bracteoles almost joined to their apices, acute, equalling the

bracts. Perianth 3-3-5 cm. long; tube 1-8 cm. long, 1-5 mm.

in diameter at the base, 5 mm. in diameter above, infundi-

buliform ; segments at length spreading, ovate-oblong, obtuse ;

the outer 1-3 cm. long, 5 mm. broad; the inner 1-5 cm. long,

6 mm. broad; the uppermost 1-7 cm. long, 7 mm. broad.

Stamens more or less curved; filaments 1-3 cm. long; anthers

5-7 mm. long. Style 2-3 cm. long; branches 5 mm. long.

Capsule 8 mm. long, subglobose, obtusely 3-angled. Seeds

many, 4 mm. long, subtriangular.

Plate 94. — Fig. 1, whole plant (reduced); Fig. 2, flower laid open;

Fig. 3, fruit ; Fig. 4, seed x 2.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

95.

K-.A.LansdLell del.

Plate 95.

LEUCOSPERMUM cordattjm.

Cape Province.

Proteaceae. Tribe Proteeae.

Leucospermum, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 170.

Leucospermum cordatum, Phillips in Kew Bulletin, 1923, ined.

Although the South African Proteaceae are usually con-

spicuous plants and have been recently monographed in the

Flora Capensis, undescribed species continue to be discovered.

This is the case with the plant here figured, which was col-

lected in November 1922 by Mr. T. P. Stokoe near Kogel

Bai, on the Hottentots Holland Mountains at an altitude

of 2500 ft.

Mr. Stokoe describes it as a plant of straggling growth

among loose stones and grass. We have previously figured

a species of this genus (Plate 74), and readers are referred to

the description there for the principal differences between

the genera Protea and Leucospermum.

The decumbent habit of this species is also found in

Leucospermum hypophyllum, but is not common in the family.

Our plate was prepared from fresh plants forwarded by

Mr. Stokoe.

Description : — A decumbent plant with long trailing

branches. Branches scantily pilose with long hairs. Leaves

more or less horizontal or slightly reflexed, 3-5 cm. long,

1 -8-2*2 cm. broad at the base, ovate, obtuse with a blunt

callus, cordate at the base, pilose and shortly tomentose

especially near the base, at length becoming glabrous. Heads

solitary, very rarely 3-nate at the ends of the branches,

3-4 cm. in diameter, semiglobose. Peduncle 2 cm. long,

covered with numerous barren bracts, tomentose. Bracts

5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, at the base, ovate, obtuse, some-

times reflexed, pilose outside, glabrous within, ciliate. Re -

ceptacle 7 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter at the base, conical.

Floral-bracts 1 cm. long, obovate, shortly awned, attenuate

at the base, densely villous outside, glabrous within, ciliate.

Perianth-tube 5 mm. long, tubular; lobes 9 mm. long, linear,

long pilose; limb 3 mm. long, elliptic, subacuminate, sub-

obtuse, pilose without. Anthers 2 mm. long, linear. Ovary

2*5 mm. long, ellipsoid, glabrous; style 1-7 cm. long, terete,

glabrous; stigma 1*7 mm. long, conical, shortly subacuminate,

swollen at the junction with the style (National Herb.

Pretoria 2607).

Plate 95. — Fig. 1, flower ; Fig. 2, flower showing perianth lobes ; Fig. 3,

floral bract; Fig. 4, style and stigma; Fig. 5, longitudinal section of

receptacle.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

Plate 96.

ALOE SAPONARIA.

Cape Province , Natal, Transvaal.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe saponaria, Haw. Syn. 83 ; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 312.

This Aloe, known as the common soap-aloe, was intro-

duced into cultivation in Europe early in the eighteenth

century, and it still retains its popularity. Three colour

varieties are known : one with salmon-coloured flowers, one

with red flowers, and one with pale lemon-yellow flowers.

The inflorescence in all these varieties may be either simple

or branched. The plants are common on the south and

east coasts of South Africa.

The buds just before the flowers open are between 3 and

4 cm. long, and in about four days are completely open,

and then a little over 4 cm. long. The stamens do not all

ripen at the same time; two or three project and shed their

pollen, being followed after a short interval by the remainder.

While the stamens are dehiscing the style remains within the

perianth and lengthens only after the pollen has been shed.

It then projects beyond the perianth, which now begins to

wither and close tightly round the style. While this is

taking place the filaments contract by twisting and are

drawn back into the perianth. The inclusion of the style

during the dehiscence of the anthers and its subsequent

projection ensures cross-pollination.

Our plate was prepared from specimens growing in the

Aloe collection at the Division of Botany, Pretoria.

Description : — An acaulescent plant or with a short

stem with a rosette of leaves. Leaves up to 20 cm. long,

about 8 cm. broad, dark green with dark longitudinal marking

on the upper surface, lighter green and faintly spotted

beneath, acuminate, usually brown and withered at the tip,

with spines on the margins; spines 8 mm. long, about 1*5 cm.

apart and more or less at right angles to the leaf. Inflores-

cence -3 - o m. high, simple or branched. Peduncle terete

with a few dry membranous acuminate bracts. Flowers

in a contracted raceme. Floral bracts 1 -5-2-5 cm. long, long-

acuminate from an ovate-lanceolate base. Pedicels 2-5-4 cm.

long, terete. Perianth-tube 3-3 cm. long, 9 mm. in diameter

above, gradually narrowing below and dilated into a globose

base; segments 1 cm. long, -5 cm. broad, oblong, obtuse,

slightly reflexed in the mature flower. Filaments in buds

2-4 cm. long, linear, in mature flowers lengthening to 3-5 cm.

and becoming corrugated in the upper half. Ovary 8 mm.

long, cylindric; style 2-5 cm. long, cylindric, lengthening in

older flowers to 3-8 cm. ; stigma simple (National Herb.

Pretoria 2593).

Plate 96. — Fig. 1, perianth-lobes; Fig. 2, stamens; Fig. 3, pistil;

Fig. 4, tip of style, much enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

9 7

M-Ps.ge del.

Plate 97.

SYNNOTIA METELERKAMPIAE.

Cape Province.

Lridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Synnotia, Sweet. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 709.

Synnotia Metelerkampiae, L. Bolus in Annals Bolus Herb. vol. iii. p. 77.

The genus Synnotia is one of the endemic genera of the

family lridaceae, and has hitherto only been represented by

two species. The species here figured is a new record for the

genus in South Africa. On Plate 60 we figured a species of

Sparaxis, and a comparison of that plate with the present

one will show that the two genera Sparaxis and Synnotia

are nearly related : the rootstock, inflorescence, and spathe

valves are the same in both, but the former has regular

flowers, while in the latter genus the flowers are irregular.

The species is found near Eendekuil in the Clanwilliam

Division, and the original description was prepared from

specimens flowering in the garden of Mrs. F. Metelerkamp.

We are indebted to the Curator of the Bolus Herbarium for

lending us the illustration from which the accompanying plate

was prepared.

Description : — A glabrous herb, 16-25 cm. high. Corm

1-6 cm. long, 1*2 cm. in diameter, ovoid, with rigid tunics

prominently nerved and with the nerves reticulated. Stem

erect. Leaves 6-7 to each stem, 5-8 cm. long, 1-1-2 cm.

broad, equitant, adscending, linear, obtuse, apiculate or

acute, with inconspicuous nerves. Inflorescence racemose,

laxly 9-12-flowered, with the flowers almost erect. Bracts

clasping, about 2 cm. long, ovate; bracteoles united beyond

the middle, setaceous-acuminate, almost equalling the bracts.

Perianth-tube 4-4-5 cm. long, 1-2 mm. in diameter, oblique

and expanding to 7 mm. in diameter above ; segments

unequal; the lower smaller than the upper; the outer seg-

ments 1-2 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, ovate-oblong, subacute;

the inner segments subclawed, obtuse, and with obscurely

undulate margins; the uppermost 1*4 cm. long, 8 mm.

broad, ovate; the lower 5 mm. broad. Filaments 1-2 cm.

long; anthers 3-5 mm. long, with purple pollen. Style

4-6 cm. long with spathulate branches 3 mm. long. Capsule

1-5 cm. long. Seeds many, 2 mm. in diameter, subglobose

(Bolus Herb. Cape Town 16039).

Plate 97. — Fig. 1, flower laid open; Fig. 2, capsule; Fig. 3, seed x 4;

Fig. 4, corm.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

98.

S. Gower del.

Plate 98.

CHRYSOPHYLLUM magalismontanxjm.

Transvaal.

Sapotaceae.

Cheysophyleum, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 653.

Chry sophy llum magalismontanum, Bond, in Linnaea, vol. xxiii. p. 72 ;

FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. 1, p. 437.

The genus Chrysophyllum is a small genus in South Africa,

having only three representatives, two in Natal and one in

the Transvaal. The species figured here is the common one

in the Transvaal, being found all along the rocky outcrops

of the Magaliesberg range and known as “ stam vrucht,”

because the fruits are borne on the old stems. The fruits,

which are oval in shape, are somewhat larger than a cherry,

and are used to make preserve. The plants flower in October

and ripe fruits are formed in January. A milky juice char-

acteristic of all the species in the Sapotaceae is present in the

plant. A member of the order, Mimusops balata, Crueg,

native of Guiana, yields a guttapercha (balata).

The specimens from which our illustration was made

were gathered at Eloff’s Cutting near Pretoria by Mr. D. J.

Fouche.

Description : — A bush. Youngest branchlets rufo-tomen-

tose, at length becoming pubescent. Leaves petioled ; blades

3-9 cm. long, 1 *6-4*4 cm. broad, oblong-obovate or oblong,

retuse at the apex, slightly narrowed at the base, dark green

above, rufo-tomentose beneath on young leaves, becoming

greyish tomentose on the older leaves; petiole 1 cm. long,

pubescent. Flowers arising on the old wood. Pedicels 2 mm.

long, rufo-tomentose. Sepals unequal 2-5-3 mm. long, 2-

3-5 mm. broad, ovate, obtuse; the 3 outer longer than the

2 inner and densely rufo-tomentose. Corolla-tube 1 mm.

long ; lobes 2-5 mm. long, ovate, obtuse. Filaments 1-5-2 mm.

long, terete, glabrous ; anthers 1 mm. long, oblong in outline.

Ovary 2 mm. in diameter, villous, gradually passing into the

1*5 mm. long style; stigma terminal, simple. Fruit 2*5 cm.

long, 1-7 cm. in diameter, ellipsoid, dark-red when ripe

(National Herb. Pretoria 2636).

Plate 98. — Fig. 1, flower; Fig. 2, portion of corolla and stamens;

Fig. 3, stamen ; Fig. 4, pistil ; Fig. 5, seed.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

99.

K.A. Lans dell del-

Plate 99.

CYRTANTHUS helictus.

Cape Province.

Amaryllidaceae. Tribe Amarylleae.

Cyrtanthus, Ait. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 729.

Cyrtanthus helictus, Lehm. Delect. Sent. Hort. Hamburg. 1839, 7 ; FI.

Cap. vol. vi. p. 226.

This species of Cyrtanthus belongs to the same group as

the species figured on Plate 25 ( C . sanguineus). The group

is characterised by having a single flower or few flowers in

each umbel. Our previous illustrations of Cyrtanthus should

be compared with the above two and the present plate.

C. helictus, which is an exceptionally graceful representative

of the genus, has not been extensively collected by botanists,

and we know of its occurrence in the Somerset East, GraafE

Reinet, Fort Beaufort, and Queenstown Divisions only. It

should certainly engage the attention of cultivators of South

African plants, as it is well worthy of a place in the bulb

garden.

Our illustration was made from specimens collected by

Dr. E. P. Phillips near Fort Beaufort; these flowered at the

Division of Botany in November 1922.

Description : — Bulb 2*7 cm. in diameter, globose, with

papery tunics and thick wrinkled roots from the base. Leaves

contemporary with the flowers, about 3 to each bulb, spirally

twisted, 12 cm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, linear, obtuse, narrowed

to the base, glabrous. Peduncle arising at side of the leaves,

9 cm. long, but sometimes longer, terete, glabrous. Spathe

valves 2-5 cm. long, acuminate from an ovate base, mem-

branous. Flowers usually solitary. Pedicel 1-2 cm. long,

terete, glabrous, shorter than the spathe-valves. Perianth-

tube 3 cm. long, 2 mm. in diameter, and curved at the base,

widening to 1-3 cm. in diameter at the throat; lobes 2 cm.

long, 9 mm. broad, obovate, obtuse, or the outer segments

bluntly apiculate with a pendulous appendage, 5-nerved.

Stamens in 2 series: the lower with filaments 1*1 cm. long;

the upper with filaments 8 mm. long, all filiform; anthers

3-5 mm. long, linear. Ovary 7 mm. long, ellipsoid, glabrous;

style 5-5 cm. long; lobes 5 mm. long, linear (National Herb.

Pretoria 2634).

Plate 99. — Fig. 1, perianth laid open; Fig. 2, perianth lobes; Fig. 3,

upper portion of style.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

700.

K.A.Lanadell del.

Plate 100.

PROTEA stokoei.

Cape Province.

Proteaceae. Tribe Proteeae.

Protea, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 169.

Protea Stokoei, Phillips , sp. nov. a P. speciosa, Linn., aristis calycis

subequalibus, et pilis apice bractearum brevioribus differt.

Rami glabri. Folia 7-9 cm. longa, 3-4 cm. lata, obovata vel obovato-

oblonga, glabra. Capitulum sessile, 10-11 cm. longum, 5-5 cm. latum.

Involucri bracteae 9-10-seriatae ; exteriores 1-5-2 cm. longae, ovato-oblongae,

apice rotundatae, dense pubescentes, apice barbatae; interiores 9 cm.

longae, 2-5 cm. latae, spathulatae, sericeo-pubescentes, infra glabrae, apice

barbatae. Receptaculum 2 cm. longum, conicum. Perianthi tubus 5-5 cm.

longus, basi dilatatus ; laminae 1-2 cm. longae, villosae; apice triaristatae ;

aristae laterales 1-8 cm. longae, villosae, media 1-5 cm. longa. Stamina

8 mm. longa, linearia, apice glandibus linearibus instructa. Ovarium pilis

longis vestitum ; stylus 6 cm. longus ; stigma 6 mm. longum.

This species of Protea was collected early in 1921 by

Mr. T. P. Stokoe. At the time there was some doubt about

its identity, and it was provisionally placed under P. speciosa.

Recently we received more and better material from the

same collector, and have no hesitation in describing it as a

species allied to P. speciosa. It differs from this species in

having shorter tufts of hairs at the apices of the involucral

bracts and the awns of the perianth are much longer and

subequal. The species belongs to a section of the genus

Speciosae, which is characterised by having the inner in-

volucral bracts fringed with long hairs or bearded. A com-

parison should be made with Plates 22, 76 and 84, which

illustrate examples of other sections of the genus.

The first specimens collected by Mr. Stokoe came from

an isolated krantz on a peak directly opposite Kogelberg

on the land side, and subsequently he found specimens

also on high peaks facing Kogelberg, but on the seaward

side. It probably does not occur lower than an altitude of

3000 ft. The plant is a spreading bush about 6 ft. high

(not so compact as P. speciosa), and grows with such moisture-

loving plants as Mimetes hottentotica and M. splendens. The

young leaves have a fringe of longish white hairs.

Description : — Branches glabrous. Leaves 7-9 cm. long,

3-4 cm. broad, obovate, obovate-oblong, more rarely elliptic-

lanceolate, rounded and slightly emarginate at the apex,

slightly narrowed to the base, leathery, with reddish margins,

quite glabrous. Head sessile, 10-11 cm. long, 5-5 cm. in

diameter. Involucral bracts 9-10-seriate ; the outermost

1-5-2 cm. long, ovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, densely

silky pubescent, ciliate with white hairs with a small tuft

of brown hairs at the apex ; the innermost 9 cm. long, 2-5 cm.

broad above, spathulate, silky pubescent, except at the base,

with a fringe of dark-brown hairs at the apex about 3 mm.

long. Receptacle 2 cm. long, conical. Perianth-sheath 5-5 cm.

long, dilated and 3-keeled below, glabrous; lip 1-2 cm. long,

shortly but densely villous, 3-awned; lateral awns 1-8 cm.

long, linear, acuminate, shortly but densely villous, tipped

with a few brown hairs; median awn 1-5 cm. long, otherwise

similar. Stamens all fertile; anthers 8 mm. long, linear,

with a pink linear apical gland. Ovary covered with long,

golden-brown hairs ; style 6 cm. long, subterete, slightly

curved, very sparsely pilose below ; stigma 6 mm. long,

linear; scarcely bent at junction with style (Type in National

Herb. Pretoria, No. 2632).

Plate 100. — Fig. 1, receptacle; Fig. 2, complete flower; Fig. 3, lamina

showing the three awns and stamens; Fig. 4, pistil; Fig. 5, apex of style

and stigma.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

707

S . Gower del.

Plate 101.

GREYIA RADLKOFERI

Transvaal.

Sapindaceae. Tribe Meliantheae.

Greyia, Hook, et Haw. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 1000.

Greyia Radlkoferi, Szyszy. PI. Rehmann. vol. ii. p. 49 (1880).

An extremely ornamental shrub found in the eastern

Transvaal, where it has been recorded from Waterval Onder,

’Thlatikulu and Barberton. The plant does quite well at

Pretoria, where specimens have been planted on Meintjes Kop

behind the Union Buildings.

The genus Greyia, which contains only three known

species, was named in honour of Sir George Grey, K.C.B. In

South Africa it has a very limited distribution, and is interest-

ing botanically, as there are still some doubts as to its

affinities.

In the Transvaal the plant flowers from July to October,

the young leaves appearing at the same time as the scarlet

flowers. The flowers are proterandrous, i. e., the pollen is

shed before the pistil has quite matured, and this makes

self-pollination almost impossible.

The Cape species, Greyia Sutherlandi, is commonly known

as “ Baakhout ” or “ Wild bottlebrush,” so that our plant

might be appropriately named the “ Transvaal Baakhout.”

The material from which our illustration was made was

gathered by Miss S. Gower on Meintjes Kop, Pretoria.

For a fuller account of this interesting genus the reader

is referred to a paper by Dr. S. Schonland in the Records of

the Albany Museum, vol. iii. p. 40.

Description : — A shrub 2-5 m. high. Branches with

xight-brown bark, glabrous. Leaves at the apex of the branches

at the side of the flowers; blade 3-5-12 cm. long, ovate, sub-

acute, cordate at the base, with lobed margins, sparsely

pilose above with curled hairs, white-tomentose beneath;

petioles 2-10 cm. long, terete, glandular-pilose. Inflorescence

of many inverted scarlet flowers. Bracts 7 mm. long, boat-

shaped, glandular-pilose. Pedicels 7 mm. long, terete, glan-

dular-pilose. Calyx-tube 2 mm. long; lobes 5 mm. long,

oblong, shortly apiculate, sparsely glandular-pilose. Petals

not all equal, 2-2-3 cm. long, almost 1 cm. broad, oblong-

obovate, usually rounded at the apex, more rarely emarginate.

Stamens usually 10, sometimes 8, in two wrhorls; filaments

2-7 cm. long, terete; anthers 1*5 mm. long, ovate. Disc

cupular below with 10 or 8 arms from the rim of the cup,

each arm has a peltate disc. Ovary about 1 cm. long, terete ;

style 1-8 cm. long, terete; stigma simple. (National Herb.

Pretoria, No. 2635.)

Plate 101. — Fig. 1, leaf; 2, flower with petals removed showing disc;

3, ground plan of flower ; 4, sepal ; 5, petal ; 6, anthers front and side view ;

7, stamen ; 8, pistil ; 9, section through the ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

702

K.A.Lansdell del.

Plate 102.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM digitatum.

Cape Province.

Ficoideae. Tribe Mesbmbbyeab.

Mesembryanthemum, Linn ; Benth. et Hook. /. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 853.

Mesembryanthemum digitatum, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, vol. ii. p. 181

(1789) ; M. digitiforme, Thunb. in Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem., vol. viii.

Append, p. 6 (1791); Thunb. FI. Cap. p. 412; FI. Cap. vol. ii. p. 405.

This curious Mesembryanthemum was first collected by-

Carl Thunberg between the Oliphants River and the Bokkeveld

Mountains about 150 years ago. Thunberg described his

plant in 1789, and in his herbarium there is one sheet with two

perfect growths and two flowers upon it. Marloth ( Flora of

South Africa, PI. 49) figures a small portion of a plant which,

he states, was collected at Van Rhynsdorp by Mr. W. Spilhaus

and was as large as a child’s head. The specimens from which

our illustration was made were collected in the same locality

by Mr. E. Rood and sent to the Division of Botany, Pretoria.

The corpuscula, which are very succulent, show an

extremely interesting structure when examined in detail.

If a longitudinal section is made, a hard green central core is

seen, which is the stem ; this is surrounded by long, crystal-

line cells, and the whole covered in by a juicy tissue. As the

green tissue is buried in the stem, it is very probable that the

crystalline cells referred to act as lenses and concentrate any

light which penetrates the outer tissue on to the chlorophyll-

bearing cells. The fleshy leaves are almost devoid of

chlorophyll.

The flower is borne at the apex of the stem, but this can

only be satisfactorily seen in a longitudinal section. The

crystalline cells are continued round the base of the calyx.

Description : — Acaulescent plant with woody under-

ground stems and fleshy aerial stems and leaves. Stems

2-3 cm. long, 2-2-5 cm. in diameter, very succulent, glabrous.

Leaves two to each stem, usually one larger than the other,

1-5-2 cm. long, 0-8-1 -3 cm. in diameter, terete, blunt, very

succulent, glabrous. Flowers white, arising from the apex of

the stems but appearing on a casual examination to come

from the base of one of the leaves, when expanded 1-2-1 "5 cm.

in diameter. Petals in more than one row; the outermost

row connate into definite groups, 7 mm. long, less than 0-5 mm.

broad, linear, subacute. Stamens in four rows; filaments

1 mm. long, filiform; anthers about 1 mm. long, oblong.

Calyx covered with crystalline cells; lobes almost membran-

ous, 1 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, oblong, or oblong ovate, obtuse.

Ovary sunk in tissue of stem, 5-celled, with several stalked

ovules with axile placentation ; upper portion of ovary cone-

shaped tipped with five terete, acute styles each 1 mm. long.

Plate 102. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of stem showing sheath of

crystalline cells and flower embedded at apex ; 2, longitudinal section of

flower ; 3, sepal ; 4, top of ovary showing the five stigmas ; 5, cross section

of ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

lOX

Plate 103.

BRACHYCORYTHIS pubescens.

Cape Province. Natal. Swaziland. Transvaal.

Orchidaceae. Tribe Ophrydeae.

Brachycorythis, Lindl. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 632.

Brachycorythis pubescens, Harv. Thes. Cap. i. 35, t. 54 ; FI. Cap. vol. v.

sect. 3, p. 86 ; Bolus, Orchids of S. Afr. tab. 73.

The genus Brachycorythis is represented in Africa by-

over twenty species, five of which occur in South Africa, and

of these three are endemic. The species described here is

known from the Cape Province, Natal, Zululand, Swaziland

and the northern Transvaal, and extends into tropical Africa.

Its occurrence near Pretoria, in a totally different botanical

area, is therefore interesting. Harvey first described the

plant from specimens found near Durban by Mr. Sanderson,

who stated it was plentiful in the neighbourhood.

This attractive little orchid was collected by General the

Rt. Hon. J. C. Smuts on the farm Rietvlei No. 221, at Irene,

near Pretoria, at an altitude of about 5000 ft. above sea-level.

The plant was found in open grassland in deep red loam soil.

It has large spreading finger-like tubers and slightly scented

flowers.

Description : — A herbaceous plant with long finger-like

tubers about 1 cm. thick. Stem with inflorescence up to

50 cm. high. Leaves erect, crowded 6 cm. long, 3-2 cm. broad

at the base of the stem, becoming smaller above, ovate, acumi-

nate, shortly cuspidate, clasping at the base, with the midrib

prominent beneath, densely pubescent, with the margins

shortly ciliated and somewhat undulate. Inflorescence up to

17 cm. long, racemose, many-flowered. Bracts similar to

the leaves but smaller. Upper sepal 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad,

elliptic, rounded above, concave, sparsely pubescent without ;

lateral sepals 4 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, oblong, unequal

sided, rounded above, concave, sparsely pubescent without.

Lateral petals 6 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, oblong, rounded

above, concave, unequal sided. Lip 9 mm. long, 7 mm. broad,

obovate, 3-lobed, the middle lobe smaller than the two lateral

lobes, narrowed in the middle and then expanded to form a

deep pouch. Anther cells parallel; pollinia granular, each

attached to a separate gland.

Plate 103. — Fig. 1, lower part of plant showing tubers; 2, flower

(enlarged); 3, median longitudinal section of flower; 4, sepals; 5, petal ;

6, lip; 7, column showing pollinia sacs ; 8, pollinium.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

■

701

S . G ower del.

Plate 104.

MACKAYA bella.

Natal.

MARY GUN; i LiE-'F

SOUTH AFRICAN UXAC -l L. ,C:V

PRIVATE SAG X

' REPU5UGCP 30LFU

Acanthaceae. Tribe Jtjsticieae.

MacKaya, Harv. ; Benth. ei Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 1095 (under

Asystasia).

MacKaya bella, Harv. Thes. Cap. i. 8, t. 13; FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 1,

p. 44; Wood, Natal Plant, t. 585.

This plant was discovered in Natal by Mr. J. Sanderson,

who sent living specimens to Kew, where it flowered first

in May 1869. From the material a figure of the plant was

published in the Botanical Magazine of the same year. This

figure, however, does not accurately represent the plant as

it is known in its native habitat and in local cultivation.

The flowers are lilac, and not almost white, as indicated in the

Botanical Magazine. The late Dr. Medley Wood reproduced

a pencil drawing of the plant in “ Natal Plants ” in 1912,

and states it “ is a handsome shrub, but it is of no economic

value; it is found only in the coast and midland districts of

Natal, and does not seem to be very common.” MacKaya

bella differs from Crossandra Greenstockii (see Plate 77), which

also belongs to the Acanthacece, in having almost a regular,

not a 1 -lipped corolla.

Dr. Harvey, who first described the genus, dedicated it

to Dr. J. T. MacKay, keeper of the Dublin University Botanic

Garden. Our figure was prepared from plants growing in the

“ Flanagan Arboretum,” Union Buildings, Pretoria.

Description : — A shrub about 1-1*5 m. high. Branches

pubescent. Leaves opposite, petioled; blade 3-6 cm. long,

1 *3-3*5 cm. broad, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate,

obtuse, usually narrowed at the base, margins lobulate or

subentire, with the nerves distinct beneath, glabrous ; petioles

about 1 cm. long, pubescent. Flowers opposite in a terminal

lax raceme ; the internodes almost 2 cm. long. Bracts 4*5 mm.

long, subulate; bracteoles 2, at the base of the pedicels.

Pedicel 5-7 mm. long, pubescent. Calyx divided almost to the

base ; lobes 8 mm. long, acuminate from a base 1 mm. broad,

very finely pubescent, and ciliate on the margins. Corolla-

tube 3-5 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter at the throat, campanulate

above, becoming cylindric below, finely pubescent ; lobes

2 cm. long, 1-1*5 cm. broad, ovate, obtuse, very finely pubes-

cent or glabrous. Fertile stamens two; filaments fixed to

narrow portion of corolla-tube, 1*5 cm. long, terete, with a

few scattered short stiff hairs; anthers 7 mm. long, bluntly

sagittate at the base, hirsute on the back; sterile stamens

represented by filaments only. Ovary 3 mm. long, 2-celled,

with 2 superposed ovules in each cell, glabrous ; style 3-3 cm.

long, filiform, with a few scattered hairs at the base; stigma

shortly bifid. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2638.)

Plate 104. — Fig. 1, calyx; 2, corolla; 3, anther back view and fila-

ment ; 4, anther front view ; 5, ovary ; 6, apex of style showing shortly

bifid stigma ; 7, longitudinal section of ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

105

S. Gower del.

Plate 105.

ADENIUM OLEIFOLIUM.

Transvaal. Gape Province.

Apocynaceab. Tribe Echitidbae.

Adenium, Roem. et Schult. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 722.

Adenium oleifolium, Stapf, var. angustifolium, Phillips var. nov., a

typo foliis angustis differt.

The genus Adenium is represented in South Africa by

three species found in the Transvaal, Swaziland and the

North-Western Cape Province. Species of the genus are also

found extending through tropical Africa to Socotra. On

Plate 16 we figured Adenium multiflorum, from which the

present plant differs in having long narrow leaves; both,

however, have very large tuberous underground stems from

which the branches arise. The peculiar tailed anthers and

the scales in the corolla-throat which sometimes form small

pouches are characteristic of the genus.

Specimens were submitted to Kew for confirmation of the

name, and the Director reports “ very probably A. oleifolium,

Stapf, but leaves are much narrower than in the type,” and

it was thought advisable to describe this as a narrow-leaved

variety.

Our plate was prepared from specimens collected by

Dr. W. M. Borcherds at Upington, and forwarded by him to

the Division of Botany, Pretoria.

Description : — Plant with large underground tuberous

stems from which the branches arise. Branches densely

pubescent when young, at length becoming glabrous. Leaves

crowded at the ends of the branches, 6-10 cm. long, 2-4 mm.

broad, linear, acute, pubescent. Flowers terminal. Sepals

6 ’5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute, densely pilose, united

at the base. Corolla-tube 3-5 cm. long, cylindric and 3 mm. in

diameter in lowest third, campanulate and IT cm. in diameter

in uppermost f, pubescent without and within and with

pockets in the angles formed by the lobes; lobes 1-3 cm.

long, 8-9 mm. broad, broadly-elhptic, acuminate, sub-acute,

minutely ciliate. Filaments 4 mm. long, thick, terete,

densely pilose; anthers 4 mm. long, hairy on the backs,

sagittate at the base and produced into a long coiled apical

hairy appendage 1 cm. long. Ovary 2 mm. long, 2 mm. broad,

glabrous, separating into 2 carpels; style 1-6 cm. long,

cylindric, glabrous ; stigmas 3 mm. long, lanceolate, sub-

acuminate, with a mass of glandular hairs at the back which

fix the stigmas to the connective of the anthers. (National

Herb. Pretoria, No. 2598.)

Plate 105. — Fig. 1, plant reduced; 2, corolla laid open; 3, corolla from

above ; 4, pocket in corolla ; 5, calyx ; 6, stamens ; 7, style and stigma ;

8, carpels; 9, median longitudinal section of flower.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

JOG

S . Gower del.

Plate 106.

CRATEROSTIGMA plantageneum.

Transvaal.

SCROPHTJLARIACBAE. Tribe GraTIOLBAB.

Craterostigma, Hochst.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 954.

Craterostigma plantagineum, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, 669; FI. Cap.

vol. iv. sect. 2, p. 361.

The Craterostigma figured on the accompanying plate is

known from various localities in the Transvaal. It is also

recorded from the neighbourhood of Bulawayo in Rhodesia

and from other parts of tropical Africa reaching as far north

as Arabia and Abyssinia. The genus is mainly a tropical

one, and is represented by about a dozen species, three of

which are found in South Africa.

C. plantagineum is a charming little plant which would be

well worth cultivation in the greenhouse and should be easily

grown. Our plate was prepared from specimens collected

by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., on the portion of the farm

Rietfontein 448, near Pretoria, belonging to Mr. J. F. Ludorf.

The plants were found growing in great profusion in shallow

soil not more than one inch deep on a large quartzite out-

crop. They were in flower during November and December.

Description : — An acaulescent plant with a rosette of

radical leaves. Leaves 6-6-5 cm. long, 3-3-5 cm. broad (the

inner smaller), ovate, obtuse, narrowed at the base, with

crenulate, ciliated margins and with the nerves depressed

above, prominent beneath, glabrous above, pubescent beneath,

especially on the veins. Peduncles 3 or more to a plant,

3-5-4 cm. long, terete, pubescent, bearing about 8 opposite

flowers in a raceme. Bracts 1 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, ovate-

lanceolate, acute, slightly connate at the base, glabrous

except on the keel, ciliate. Pedicel 7 mm. long, flat on the

upper surface, convex on the lower surface, pubescent, ciliate.

Calyx-tube 4-5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. in diameter, deeply fluted.

pubescent ; lobes 1 mm. long, ovate, sub-acute, ciliated.

Corolla 2-lipped; tube 7 mm. long, tubular; lower lip 9 mm.

long, 1 cm. broad, 3-lobed, with the lobes obovate, crenulate ;

upper lip 7 mm. long, oblong-ovate, bilobed at the apex.

Stamens of two different kinds; those attached to the lower

lip with filaments 7 mm. long, bent at right angles below and

then swollen to form two callosities on the lip ; those attached

to the upper lip 2 mm. long ; anther cells diverging, those of

each pair of stamens joined. Ovary 2 mm. long, 1-25 mm. in

diameter, ovoid ; style 8 mm. long, terete, gradually widening

above, glabrous; stigma bilobed, with the lobes broadly

ovate and somewhat membranous. (National Herb. Pretoria,

No. 2644.)

Plate 106. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; 2, front

view of flower enlarged ; 3, bract ; 4, calyx ; 5, stamens ; 6, pistil ; 7, lower

portion of under surface of leaf ; 8, section of pedicel showing convex and

flat surfaces.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

/or

Plate 107.

ALOE comosa.

Cape Province.

Leliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn. ; Benth. et HooTc. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe comosa, Marloth and A. Berg, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. 38, p. 86.

The Aloe which forms the subject of this plate is, so far

as is known, only found on the Bokkeveld beds in the Clan-

william and Van Rhynsdorp Districts of the Cape Province.

Full-grown plants attain a height of 12-15 ft., and when in

full bloom, which is usually during December and January,

their long massive inflorescences make such a display of colour

in the veld that they cannot fail to attract the notice of the

traveller. As will be seen from the illustration, the upper-

most flowers are hidden by the long bracts, the flowers in the

middle portion of the inflorescence are pink and spreading,

while those at the base are pendulous and greenish-white.

The stamens are only exserted from the pendulous flowers, and

after pollination the filaments contract and are withdrawn

into the perianth, which closes round them, leaving the style

exserted. This phenomenon is also found in Abe saponaria

figured on Plate 96, and is probably fairly general in the

genus Aloe.

The material from which our plate was made was collected

by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., on the Doom River near

Van Rhynsdorp, and brought to Pretoria, where the plants

flower regularly every year during December and January.

Abe comosa was first collected and described by Dr. R. Mar-

loth, who found it between Clanwilliam and Van Rhynsdorp

in 1904.

Description : — Plant with a short stout stem or sometimes

up to 12 ft. bearing a rosette of fleshy leaves at the apex,

Leaves up to 52 cm. long, 10 cm. broad in the widest part,

ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, flat above, slightly convex

beneath, deeply channelled on the upper surface above,

with the veins somewhat distinct on the upper surface and

with the margins covered with sharp teeth; teeth 5-7 mm.

apart, 2 mm. long, ovate. Inflorescence lateral about 1*3 m.

long, racemose, narrowly cylindric, with the lowermost flowers

pendulous, the upper flowers erect and adpressed and the

median flowers spreading. Peduncle about 60 cm. long,

1-5 cm. in diameter, terete, covered with long membranous

ovate-acuminate bracts 5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad. Floral-

bracts 6 cm. long, lanceolate, long acuminate, acute, with

membranous margins, encircling the pedicel. Pedicel 1-8-2

cm. long, at first erect, at length becoming curved, terete.

Perianth-tube 1-2 cm. long, campanulate; outer lobes grena-

dine-pink, 2 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, lanceolate, hooded at the

apex, 3-nerved; inner lobes wiiitish, 2 cm. long, obtuse and

hooded at the apex, 1 -nerved. Filaments 1-8 cm. long,

lengthening to 4 cm. long in old flowers; anthers 3 mm.

long, oblong. Ovary ellipsoid ; style 2 cm. long, lengthening

to 4 cm. in old flowers ; stigma simple with a ring of papillose

hairs. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2643.)

Plate 107. — Fig. 1, entire plant much reduced; 2, inflorescence X f;

3, leaf x § ; 4, median longitudinal section of flower ; 5, bract ; 6, young

flower ; 7, mature flower with stamens exserted ; 8, inner perianth segment ;

9, outer perianth segment.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

708.

S . Gower del

Plate 108.

PROTEA pityphylla var. latifolia.

Cape Province.

Pkoteacbab. Tribe Pboteae.

Peotba, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 169.

Protea pityphylla, Phill. var. latifolia, Phillips var. nov., a typo foliis

latis differt.

The Protea figured on the accompanying plate is readily

distinguished from the species by its flat, linear leaves, and

on this character alone has been described as a variety of

P. pityphylla, Phill. We are indebted to Miss L. Guthrie of

the Bolus Herbarium for the specimens, which she received

from Mr. de Wet of Ceres. The plant is stated to grow in the

same habitat and to be found associated with P. pityphylla

and P. Marlothii. It has the characteristic involucre of the

former species, namely, the long leaf-like appendages from the

apices of the lowermost bracts and also the same pendulous

heads. The section of the genus (§ Pinifolice), comprising

species with narrowly linear, filiform or needle-shaped leaves,

to which this plant belongs is illustrated here for the first

time.

Description : — Branches glabrous. Leaves 5’5-6-5 cm.

long, 3 mm. broad, linear, bluntly apiculate, slightly narrowed

to the base, glabrous. Head sessile, 4-5 cm. long, about 6-5

cm. in diameter, cernuous. Involucral-bracts 7-8 -seriate,

glabrous; the outer ovate, obtuse, sometimes subacuminate,

minutely ciliate, the lowermost produced into long foliaceous

appendages resembling the leaves; inner 3-5 cm. long, 1*3 cm.

broad, concave, arching over and exceeding the flowers.

Perianth-sheath 2 cm. long, dilated and 3-keeled below, setu-

lose on the uppermost portion, otherwise glabrous ; lip 5-5 mm.

long, 3-toothed, 3-keeled, setulose below; teeth subequal,

•5 mm. long, the middle tooth smaller than the two lateral.

Filaments *5 mm. long; anthers 3-5 mm. long, linear, with an

ovate fleshy apical gland less than -5 mm. long. Ovary

covered with long golden hairs; style over 2-5 cm. long,

widened and much compressed at the base, sickle-shaped,

glabrous; stigma 4 mm. long, scarcely swollen at the junction

with the style, obtuse. (National Herb. Pretoria, No.

2586.)

Plate 108. — Fig. 1, receptacle; 2, unopened flower; 3, flower with

perianth segments separated ; 4, base of style showing the flattened portion.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

10 D.

S. Gower del-

Plate 109.

TRIASPIS nelsoni.

Transvaal .

Malpighiaceae. Tribe Hibeae.

Teiaspis, Burch.; Benth. et Hook. /. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 259.

Triaspis Nelsoni, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1418.

Triaspis Nelsoni was first described and figured in 1883

from material collected by Mr. W. Nelson at Pretoria. The

figure given by Hooker is incorrect in a few small details.

The pedicels, for instance, are articulated and bear 2 small

bracteoles; the three styles are not equal, but one is longer

than the other two and is deflexed at an angle of about 45° ;

the anterior petal is exterior in the bud and larger than the

other petals.

The genus Triaspis is found in Madagascar, tropical and

southern Africa, and was first recorded by the famous

traveller Burchell, who collected specimens of a plant he

described as T. hypericoides at Kosi Fountain in Bechuana-

land in 1812. Since then several species have been recorded

from the Transvaal.

The species figured on the accompanying plate is of

frequent occurrence on the soils overlying the dolomite out-

crops south of Pretoria at an elevation of 4000-5000 ft. above

sea-level. It forms a subherbaceous bush not more than

two feet high, and the main branches always tend to droop.

When in flower it is a most attractive and beautiful object

in the veld, and is well worth cultivation in our gardens.

In addition to the beauty of its flowers, its large copper-

coloured orbicular winged fruits add considerably to its charm

and gracefulness. The material from which our plate was

prepared was collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G.,

on the farm Doornkloof, Irene, near Pretoria, belonging to

General the Rt. Hon. J. C. Smuts.

Description : — A subherbaceous plant with long slender

and graceful branches from an underground rootstock.

Branches terete, pubescent. Leaves opposite, decussate, 2-3

cm. long, 1-2-2 cm. broad, the upper leaves smaller than the

lower, ovate, sub-apiculate, cordate at the base, with distinct

reticulate veining and with the midrib prominent beneath,

sparsely pubescent, with ciliated margins. Inflorescence a

5-6-flowered axillary raceme, arranged in the axils of the upper

leaves. Peduncle 1-3 cm. long, terete, pubescent. Pedicels

1-5 cm. long, articulated in the lowermost pubescent,

bearing 2 small bracts. Sepals 3-5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad,

oblong, rounded above, sparsely pubescent. Petals 1 cm.

long, 6 mm. broad, concave, oblong, rounded above, pro-

duced into a claw at the base, with fimbriated margins; the

lowermost petal overlapping the others in bud and larger

than the rest. Stamens 10 ; filaments 5 mm. long, glabrous ;

stamens 2 mm. long, linear-oblong. Ovary 2 mm. long,

globose, villous; styles 3, two stand erect; the posterior

style reflexed and smaller than the other two. Fruit 3-

winged with the wings deeply saucer-shaped. (National

Herb. Pretoria, No. 2642.)

Plate 109. — Fig. 1, bud; 2, median longitudinal section of flower; 3,

pistil; 4, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

S. G ower del.

Plate 110.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM pillansix.

Cape Province.

Ficoideae. Tribe Mesembryeae.

Mesembryanthemum, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 853.

Mesembryanthemum Pillansii, Kensit in Plant. Nov. Hort. Then. II.

tab. 57 (1908) ; Botanical Mag. t. 8703.

Dr. R. Marloth supplies the following interesting note on

this plant. “ Originally found by Mr. Eustace Pillans (not

Mr. N. Pillans, as stated in the Botanical Magazine) on the

farm Mouton Valley on the Piquetberg mountains to the

north-west of Piquetberg.

The present plants were gathered by me at the same

locality in October 1922 on sandstone hills among Protea trees

(waabom, P. grandiflora), forming shrublets It to 2 ft. high

with erect virgate branches.

The description in the Botanical Magazine is fairly correct,

but the coloured petals are all radiating on the wild plants

(not some erect and conniving, as stated in the Botanical

Magazine for the cultivated plants). They are arranged in

5 groups in front of the sepals. The stigmata are distinct

and papillate in the later stages of the flower.

The plant is easily cultivated at Cape Town, and I have

had it in flower for several years from September to December.

The flowers are of special biological interest. The stamens

do not stand erect as in most other species, but are incurved

towards the centre to such an extent that the filaments from

opposite stamens meet and the anthers are consequently

enclosed in the lentil-shaped cavity thus formed above the

concave apex of the ovary. The roof of this cavity is further

strengthened by the filiform white inner petals which possess

a rough surface and are also tightly incurved inwards, meeting

at the centre.

The pollen is produced in profusion, and a mass of white

powder is found in every flower when slit open at this stage.

In all the flowers examined by me I found a number of small

black beetles not more than 2 mm. long and a few specimens

of haplothrips, all thoroughly covered with pollen. These

insects are able to force their way in between the filaments

and inner petals, but cannot escape until the stamens wither.

Up to that time no stigmatic surfaces are visible in the centre

of the flower, but within a few days, when the flower is about

a week old and when the pollen at first accumulated in the

concave apex of the ovary has been blown away by the wind,

the stigmas develop to a length of 2-3 mm., showing a papillate

surface, and are then in a condition to be cross-pollinated by

the insects released from flowers in the first stage.”

Description : — A succulent plant. Branches glabrous,

angled and somewhat winged. Leaves connate 2-8-4 cm.

long, ovate, acute, flat above, acutely keeled beneath, with

the margins somewhat scarious. Flowers terminal, about

4 cm. in diameter when expanded. Sepals unequal, ovate,

acuminate, acute, two of the sepals have membranous appen-

dages on the inner face. Petals 1*7 cm. long, obovate, pro-

duced into a long claw. Stamens bending over into cavity of

receptacle ; filaments linear. Stigmas sessile on floor of

receptacle. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2646.)

Plate 110. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower with sepals and

petals removed ; 2, sepals ; 3, petal enlarged ; 4, stamen ; 5, cross section

of ovary; 6, fruit; 7, section of leaf.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

3. Gower del.

Plate 111.

ALOE MICROCANTHA.

Cape Province, Swaziland, Transvaal.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe microcantha, Haw. Suppl. 105 ; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 306 ; Sims in

Bot. Mag. t. 2272.

Aloe microcantha, which forms the subject of the accom-

panying plate, occurs frequently in the open grass veld along

the eastern mountain range from Grahamstown northwards

as far as the valley of the Limpopo. In Swaziland and the

eastern Transvaal it is usually found along the edges of streams

and in marshy places. In localities of high rainfall, such as

Haenertsberg on the Drakensbergen in the Transvaal, this

plant is often a conspicuous and beautiful object on the grassy

slopes facing east. It flowers during January and February.

As soon as the seed has set, a few months later, the leaves

wither almost completely to their bases, leaving a short

stem surrounded by a few dried leaves to weather the winter

drought.

We are indebted to Mr. Chas. Maggs of Pretoria for the

specimen figured in our illustration. It was collected by

Mr. Maggs on his Waterval Estate, near Sabie, on the Drakens-

berg, in January 1921, and forwarded to the Division of

Botany, where it flowered in January the following year.

Aloe microcantha was first collected by Bowie and intro-

duced into cultivation in 1819. It was figured in Curtis’

Botanical Magazine in 1821 as a plant of great rarity from

the Cape of Good Hope.

Description : — An acaulescent plant. Leaves up to 33 cm.

long, 4-5 cm. broad at the base, lanceolate, acuminate, acute,

concave, sparsely covered with greenish-white spots near the

base and with rigidly ciliated margins. Inflorescence about

50 cm. long, terete, glabrous, bearing a few distant mem-

branous ovate acuminate acute bracts. Inflorescence con-

gested, corymbose. Bracts 1-5 cm. long, ovate, acuminate,

acute. Pedicels 3 cm. long, terete, glabrous. Perianth 2-8

to 3-2 cm. long; lobes 2-7 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, linear,

obtuse. Filaments 2 cm. long, filiform ; anthers linear.

Ovary 1 cm. long, cylindric; style 2-7 cm. long, filiform;

stigma simple. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2645.)

Plate 111. — Fig. 1, plant much reduced ; 2, median longitudinal section

of flower ; 3, perianth segments ; 4, anther ; 5, style ; 6, cross-section of

leaf about the middle.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

772

K. A.La.nsdell del.

Plate 112.

ERYTHRINA humeana.

Cape Province, Natal.

Leguminosae. Tribe Phaseoleae.

Ekytheina, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 531,

Erythrina Humeana, Spreng. Syst. iii. 243 ; E. Humei, E. Mey. Comm.

PI. Afr. Austr. 150; FI. Cap. vol. i. p. 237.

In a previous issue, on Plate 59, we figured the Kaffir

Boom ( Erythrina caffra), from which the present species

differs in being of a dwarf habit and having the nerves of

the leaves and petioles covered -with prickles. It is a common

plant on the slopes of the Drakensberg in Natal, extending

southward to Grahamstown, and during the summer months

the bright red flowers are very conspicuous in the veld. The

leaves of this species, as well as those of E. caffra, are attacked

by a gall-producing insect, and the seeds are attacked by

insects to such an extent that it is difficult to find ripe seed.

The species has been known to cultivators in Europe for

over 100 years, and was figured in the Botanical Magazine

as early as 1823. It is a very handsome shrub which stands

from 4 to 8 ft. high, and is well worth cultivation.

Description : — An erect shrub *9 to 3 m. high. Stem

and branches terete, ashen-grey, prickly. Leaves pinnately

trifoliate, 5 to 7-5 cm. long and wide, broadly ovate, gradually

narrowing to an acute apex, occasionally very much attenuated

and 3-veined at the base; the terminal leaflet similar but

smaller and broader in proportion to its length; the midribs

of all usually bearing prickles; stipule 6 mm. long, oblong,

acute; stipellae glandular. Petiole 5 to 7-5 cm. long, with

scattered broad-based prickles along its whole length.

Peduncle 30 to 40 cm. long, terete, bearing flowers in the

upper half. Flowers crowded. Calyx 5-toothed, 1 cm. long,

pubescent; tube subcylindric ; teeth acute. Vexillum 3-7 cm.

long, oblong; alae 1 cm. long, oblong; carina IT cm. long,

ovate. Ovary many-ovuled, tipped with the persistent style.

Legume 7-5 to 12*5 cm. long, 2- to 5-seeded, torulose with

wide spaces between the seeds.

Plate 1 12. — Fig. 1, leaf and raceme, natural size ; 2, calyx, twice natural

size ; 3, vexillum ; 4, wing ; 5, keel ; 6, stamens ; 7, pistil ; 8, pod ;

9, portion of branch, much reduced.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

m.

S. Gower del.

Plate 113.

ADENIA DIGITATA.

Transvaal.

Passifloraceae. Tribe Modecceae.

Adenia, Forsk. FI. Aegypt. Arab. 77 (1775).

Adenia digitata, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. xiv. p. 375; Modecca digitata,

Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 12, 167 ; FI. Cap. vol. ii. p. 499.

The species of Adenia described below and figured on

the accompanying Plate is of special interest, inasmuch as

the large tuberous roots have proved to be extremely

poisonous. In October 1922 the plant was brought to the

notice of the Division of Botany by Dr. H. Osborne of

Pretoria, who reported that two white labourers were admitted

to the Pretoria Hospital suspected of having been poisoned

by eating a portion of the root, and that one of them died

shortly after admission to the Hospital. A sample of the

root sent in by Dr. Osborne was submitted to Drs. H. H.

Green and W. H. Andrews of the Division of Veterinary

Research, and as a result of their investigations two types

of poison were discovered. One of these acts very rapidly,

and with symptoms which can be attributed to the small

amount of a cyanogetic glucoside ; the other acts more slowly,

but its chemical nature is as yet unknown. A full account

of these investigations will be published in the Report of the

Director of Veterinary Research.

The fruits of Adenia digitata are berries of a very attractive

nature, and also appear to be poisonous, for some years ago

in the Pretoria District two native children died after eating

them.

The plant is quite common in the Pretoria District, and

also occurs in the Barberton District. It has long, graceful

branches provided with tendrils, by means of which it climbs

up neighbouring bushes and shrubs.

Description : — Roots tuberous, sometimes up to 50 cm.

in diameter. Stems striate. Leaves 8 to 14 cm. long,

digitately 3- to 5-lobed; the middle lobe pinnatisect; the

side lobes again lobed on one side only or pinnatilobed, more

rarely almost entire; the mid-rib prominent above and

beneath, and with two prominent glands on the upper side

at base of the lamina, and with glands beneath at the base

of each leaf -segment, glabrous; petiole 1-3 to 1-7 cm. long,

6 to 7 mm. broad, flat above, convex beneath, glabrous.

Calyx-tube 1-5 cm. long, campanulate, 1 cm. in diameter

above, narrowing to 1-5 mm. in diameter at the base, glabrous ;

lobes 7 cm. long, 5-5 mm. broad, ovate, obtuse, glabrous;

two lobes with entire, the other three with lacerated margins.

Petals 9 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad at the widest part, obovate,

acuminate, obtuse, narrowed at the base, with shortly ciliated

margins, 3-nerved. Filaments united at the base, 4 mm.

long, linear, broadening at the base; anthers 6-5 mm. long,

1-5 mm. broad, linear, falcate when seen in side view. Glands

at base of filaments -5 mm. long, more or less quadrate.

Style 1 mm. long, bilobed at the apex. Corona represented

by a fimbriated rim. Fruit fleshy, 3-5 cm. long, 2-5 cm. in

diameter. Female flower not seen. (National Herb. Pretoria,

No. 2639.)

Plate 113. — Fig. 1, tuberous root x 2, portion of petiole and bases

of leaf -lobes showing glands ; 3, flower laid open showing entire and

fimbriated sepals ; 4, petal ; 5, stamens side view ; 6, stamen front view ;

7, fruit ; 8, longitudinal section of fruit showing seeds.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

S. Gower del.

Plate 114.

WACHENDORFIA paniculata.

Cape Province.

Haemodoeaceae. Tribe Etthaemodoeeae.

Wachendoefia, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 673.

Wachendorfia paniculata, Linn. Sp. Plant. 59 ; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 2.

This plant is popularly known as “ rooi knol,” because of

the deep red colour of the tubers when cut, and it is also

known as “ Spinnekop blom,” as the colour and marking

of the perianth resemble that of some spiders. The latter

name is also applied to Ferraria undulata (see Plate 66 for

an illustration of a species of the genus).

The species was known in England at least as early as

1767, as there is a record of its introduction into Kew Gardens

in that year. The dull brown colour of the flowers, which is

rare among South African plants, does not make the plant

a very ornamental object in gardens, but as the plant is

interesting botanically it should have a place in any collection

of the native flora.

The family Haemodoraceae contains about 120 species,

found principally in Australia, but species are also known

in North and South America and in Asia. In South Africa

the family is represented by less than 50 species, the largest

genus being Sansevieria. The genus Wachendorfia is known

by only two species.

Our plate was prepared from plants sent by Mrs. E. Rood,

Van Rhynsdorp ; they flowered at the Division of Botany in

1922.

Description : — Rhizomes a deep red colour when freshly

cut. Leaves 5 to 6 to a plant, 16 to 23 cm. long, 1-2 to

1-8 cm. broad, long-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, narrowed

below, sheathing at the base with 3 main nerves, glabrous

and with ciliated margins. Peduncle, including the inflores-

cence, up to 60 cm. long, glandular-pubescent, with about

3 reduced leaves 5 cm. long, and long-acuminate from a

broad base. Inflorescence a lax panicle. Bracts 1 to 3 cm.

long, long acuminate, membranous, distinctly veined, pilose.

Pedicels -6 to 1 cm. long, pilose with glandular hairs. Outer

perianth-lobes 1-7 cm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, oblanceolate,

obtuse, many-nerved, pilose outside with glandular hairs;

inner lobes 1*7 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, oblanceolate, obtuse,

membranous, nerved, glabrous. Filaments 1-2 cm. long,

linear, narrowing above, membranous, with a single vein,

glabrous; anthers 2-5 mm. long, oblong. Ovary 2 mm. in

diameter, bluntly 3-angled, very densely pilose with glandular

hairs; style 1-95 cm. long, linear, glabrous; stigma simple.

(National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2605.)

Plate 114. — Fig. 1, perianth segment; 2, stamen and single anther;

3, pistil showing side and top view of ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

Plate 115.

CRASSULA CONGESTA.

Cape Province.

Crassulaceae.

Crassula, Linn. ; Benth. et Hoolc. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 657.

Crassula congesta, N. E.Br. in Gard. Chron. 11 (1902), p. 171 ; C. pachy-

phylla, Schonl. in Record. Albany Museum, vol. i. (1903), pp. 59, 67.

This little Crassula, which belongs to the section Pryami-

della, is, as pointed out by Dr. Schonland, closely allied to

C. columnaris, Thunb., but the shape of the leaves is sufficient

to distinguish it from the latter species. It was described

almost simultaneously by Mr. N. E. Brown and Dr. Schon-

land, but as Brown’s description was the first to be published

we retain his name for the species.

Crassula congesta appears to be confined to the Matjes-

fontein and Laingsburg Divisions in the Karroo, and at

present we have no records of the species outside these two

Divisions.

We are indebted to Mr. A. J. Austin of Matjesfontein for

living specimens which flowered at the Division of Botany

in July 1922.

Description : — Plant succulent, about 9 cm. high. Stem

glabrous. Leaves 1-7 cm. long, up to 2-7 cm. broad, decussate,

connate, transversely oblong, convex without, concave within,

glabrous. Heads many flowered, 2*5 cm. in diameter. Recep-

tacle convex. Floral-bracts *5 mm. long, *75 mm. broad,

linear, obtuse ; ciliated, membranous. Calyx-tube 1 mm.

long, glabrous, membranous; lobes 2-5 mm. long, *5 mm.

broad, linear, obtuse, ciliate. Corolla-tube 3-5 mm. long,

membranous; lobes 5 mm. long, *75 mm. broad, linear,

obtuse. Filaments 2 mm. long, filiform; anthers 1*25 mm.

long, oblong. Squamae 1 mm. long, spatulate and produced

into a long claw. Carpels 2-5 mm. long, tapering from the

base upwards; stigma simple. (National Herb. Pretoria,

No. 2602.)

Plate 115. — Figs. 1, 2, leaf and section of leaf; 3, single flower;

4, corolla opened ; 5, sepal ; 6, bract ; 7, scale ; 8, carpels showing scales.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

770

S. Gower del.

Plate 116.

GLADIOLUS psitt acinus.

Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal, Natal,

Portuguese East Africa.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Gladiolus, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 709.

Gladiolus psittacinus, Hook, in Bot. Mag. 3032 ; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 158.

On Plate 6 we figured a variety of this magnificent species

of Gladiolus, which differs from our present plant not only

in the colouring of the flower, but also in the size of the

perianth-segments.

It was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 3032) from

specimens which flowered at Kew, and was known in cultiva-

tion in England at least as early as 1830, and in Holland

before that date.

A bed of plants growing at the Division of Botany, Pretoria,

made an exceptionally fine display this season (1923), and

there can be little doubt that it is the finest native Gladiolus

to be found in South Africa.

The plant is quite easily propagated, and forms new corms

very readily. It is commonly known as the “ Natal Lily.”

Our plate was prepared from specimens forwarded by Mr.

H. E. Forsyth, the Curator, Municipal Park, Benoni, and

were stated to have been collected in Portuguese East Africa.

Description : — Corm 3 cm. in diameter, globose, covered

with fibrous tunics. Plant 1 to 1*5 m. high. Leaves 10 to

12 to a plant, equitant, up to 70 cm. long, 2-5 to 3 cm. broad,

ensiform, acuminate, acute, with a prominent midrib above

and beneath, and with the lateral veins distinct, with a carti-

laginous margin which is sometimes very minutely denticulate,

glabrous. Spike -3 to almost 1 m. long, up to 15-flowered.

Outer spathe 8 cm. long, 2T cm. broad, ovate, acuminate,

acute, closely nerved, glabrous; inner spathe 6 cm. long,

1-8 cm. broad, ovate, acute, 2-keeled, glabrous (in the flowering

stage spathes are smaller). Perianth-tube 4 cm. long, 1 cm.

in diameter above, yellow on the posterior side, red on anterior

side. Upper lobe 5-5 cm. long, 3-2 cm. broad, obovate,

narrowed to the base, shortly cuspidate; side lobes 4-5 cm.

long, 3-5 cm. broad, ovate, obtuse; lower lateral lobes 3 cm.

long, 1-5 cm. broad, elliptic, narrowed to the base, acuminate,

acute; lowest petal 3-5 cm. long, 1*8 cm. broad, elliptic

narrowed to the base, cuspidate at the apex. Anthers 1-6 cm.

long, linear, sagittate at the base. Style 7 cm. long, terete,

glabrous ; lobes 6 cm. long, spatulate, papillose on the

margins. Young fruit 4-5 cm. long, 3-angled. Seeds winged.

(National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2711.)

Plate 116. — Fig. 1, plant much reduced; 2, longitudinal section of

flower ; 3, outer bract ; 4, inner bract ; 5, anther with part of filament ;

6, stigmas with part of style ; 7, young fruit ; 8, seed.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

777

S. G over del.

Plate 117.

VENIDIUM MACROCEPHALUM.

S. W. Africa.

Compositae. Tribe Akctotideae.

Venidium, Less. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 459.

Venidium macrocephalum, DC. Prodr. vol. vi. p. 494; FI. Cap. vol.

iii. p. 463 ; Bot. Mag. t. 8845.

Our illustration was made from plants raised at the

Division of Botany, Pretoria, from seed collected by Dr.

J. M. Troup at Aus in South-west Africa. The plant flowers

freely and makes a splendid display, and as a garden plant

for supplying cut flowers it is well worth cultivation.

Seed was sent by the Chief of the Division of Botany

to Kew in 1918, and the plants raised were figured in the

Botanical Magazine (t. 8845). Mr. J. Hutchinson, who drew

up the description for the Botanical Magazine, gives as his

reason for retaining this genus separate from Arctotis (see

Plate 3) that the latter has a well-developed double pappus,

whereas in Venidium the pappus is either absent or very

rudimentary.

The species of Venidium, in common with many species

of Gazania, Arctotis and Dimorphotheca, are collectively known

as “ Gous Bloom.”

Description : — A herbaceous sticky plant with radicle

leaves. Leaves 16 to 19 cm. long lyrate; the uppermost

lobe 7 to 8 cm. long, 2-5 to 5 cm. broad, the margins lobed

with broad oblong lobes, with three main veins, distinct

above and prominent beneath, cobwebby on both surfaces;

lower lobes 1 to 2-5 cm. long; -7 to 1*3 broad, oblong, obtuse,

cobwebby above and beneath; petiole flat above, convex

beneath, with three distinct keels, scantily cobwebby ; cauline

leaves 2 to 9 cm. long, pinnatilobed, eared and somewhat

clasping at the base. Stems up to 33 cm. long, terete, ribbed,

covered with long glandular hairs. Heads solitary at ends of

stems, 8 to 9 cm. in diameter when fully expanded. Involucral

bracts in 4 rows; outermost 8 mm. long, acuminate from a

broad base, green, covered with long glandular hairs; inner-

most 1-2 cm. long, glabrous, membranous. Receptacle 1*5 cm.

in diameter, honeycombed, the margins of the cells mem-

branous and produced into long awns. Ray-floret female,

lemon-chrome, orange at base. Tube 3 mm. long, cylindric;

lobe 3-5 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, lanceolate, minutely 3-toothed

at the apex, 2-keeled beneath; at throat of tube are four

minute black structures representing reduced corolla lobes.

Pappus less than -5 mm. membranous. Ovary 1 mm. long;

style 4 mm. long, terete, thickened below the lobes; lobes

1 mm. long, oblong, obtuse. Disc-florets hermaphrodite.

Corolla-tube 3 mm. long, 1-25 mm. in diameter above, slightly

narrower at the base, sparsely glandular; lobes 1-5 mm.

long, linear, obtuse. Anthers black, 2-25 mm. long, blunt

at base. Ovary and pappus similar to those of ray-florets;

style thin for the first 3 mm., then suddenly much thickened

in the upper 2 mm. of its length ; lobes -5 mm. long, oblong,

obtuse. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2599.)

Plate 117. — Fig. 1, basal leaf reduced; 2, outer involucral bract;

3, inner involucral bract ; 4, longitudinal section through receptacle ;

5, surface view of part of receptacle ; 6, ray-floret ; 7, stigmas and portion of

style of ray-floret; 8, disc-floret; 9, stigmas and portion of style of disc-

floret; 10, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

778.

S. Gower del

Plate 118.

LONCHOSTOMA monostylis.

Cape Province.

Bruniaceae.

Lonchostoma, Wickstr. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 673.

Lonchostoma monostylis, Sond. in Haw. et Sond. FI. Cap. vol. ii.

p. 317.

This member of the family Bruniaceae differs from that

previously figured ( Brunia Stokoei, Plate 92) in having a

tubular corolla. In this respect it is also unique in the

family. The genus is a small one, comprising only four

known species.

Ecklon and Zeyher collected this plant in the Palmiet

River Valley, and since then it has not been recorded until

recently, when Mr. T. P. Stokoe gathered it in the same

locality. He sent fresh specimens to the Division of Botany,

and from these the plate was made.

Lonchostoma monostylis is a graceful plant with long,

thin, erect stems, at the apex of which the flowers are

borne.

Description : — Stems simple or sometimes branched

above, 40 to 50 cm. long, almost woolly, at length becoming

glabrous. Leaves erect, adpressed to the branches and almost

hiding them, 5 to 6 mm. long, 1*5 to 2 mm. broad, elliptic,

obtuse, with a small black mucro, concave, pubescent without,

glabrous within, long ciliate. Flower -heads terminal, 1-3 cm.

in diameter, about 14-flowered. Bracteoles 5 mm. long, I mm.

broad at the base, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with a long

black mucro, membranous long pilose and ciliate. Sepals

similar to the bracteoles. Corolla-tube 3 mm. long, glabrous ;

lobes 6 mm. long, 3 to 3-5 mm. broad, obovate, shortly

acuminate, obtuse. Anthers subsessile, 1*5 mm. long, linear,

sagittate at the base. Ovary 1 mm. long, globose, pilose;

style 2 mm. long, terete, glabrous; stigma minutely bifid.

(National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2600.)

Plate 118. — Fig. 1, corolla laid open; 2, bract and bracteole; 3, leaf

and calyx ; 4, anther ; 5, pistil ; 6, cross-section of ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

S Gower del.

Plate 119.

EULOPHIA ZEYHERI.

Cape Province, Transvaal, Natal, Basutoland.

Orchidaceae. Tribe Vandeae.

Eulopbcla, It. Br. ; Benth. et Hoolc. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 535.

Eulophia Zeyheri, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7330 ; Bolus Ic. Orch. Austr.-Afr.

ii. t. 24 ; FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. iii. p. 43.

This pretty little orchid is quite a common plant in the

grass veld during the summer months, and has been exten-

sively gathered by botanical collectors, though strangely

enough it is not generally met with in gardens. It has been

known to botanists for about sixty years, but under the

name E. bicolor, until Sir Joseph Hooker in 1893 pointed out

that this name had already been assigned to another species

in the genus, and published the present name E. Zeyheri.

The tubers resemble a string of large beads, and send

out leaves and roots from the constrictions between the

swollen portions. The plant has been successfully grown in

Gloucestershire, England, by the late Mr. H. J. Elwes, and

should certainly receive the attention of South African

cultivators.

Our illustration was made from specimens collected by

Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at Irene, near Pretoria.

Description : — An acaulescent herb with large under-

ground fleshy tubers 7 cm. long, about 5 cm. in diameter,

and thick cylindric roots arising from the junction of the

tuber and short stem. Leaves three to four to a plant,

19 to 30 cm. long, 1-5 to 3 cm. broad, lanceolate linear, sub-

acuminate, acute, plicate, with the primary nerves prominent

beneath, glabrous. Inflorescence lateral, racemose, about

25-flowered. Peduncle about 30 cm. long, surrounded by

brown membranous sheaths 8 to 9 cm. long. Floral-bracts

4 cm. long, linear, acuminate, acute. Pedicels about 6 mm.

long. Sepals 2-8 cm. long, 1*1 cm. broad, ovate-lanceolate,

shortly acuminate, acute, the upper sepal slightly narrower.

Side petals 2-6 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, lanceolate, acute. Lip

3 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, 3-lobed; the middle lobe, obovate,

obtuse, sparsely covered with short filaments and produced

at the base into 2 keels ; side lobes deep purple, 8 mm. long,

9 mm. broad, ovate-oblong, obtuse, unequal sided ; spur

5 mm. long, slightly curved, terete, blunt. Column 1 cm.

long, 3 mm. broad, oblong, convex on the back, deeply

concave on the face. Operculum ovate; pollinia ovate,

attached to a single gland. Stigma kidney-shaped. (National

Herb. Pretoria, No. 2650.)

Plate 119. — Fig. 1, plant much reduced; 2, bract; 3, median longi-

tudinal section of flower ; 4, sepal ; 5, side petal ; 6, 7, lip ; 8, column.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

720.

S. Gower del.

Plate 120.

HESSEA REHMANNI.

Transvaal.

Amaeyllidaceae. Tribe Amaryllideae.

Hessea, Herb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 720.

Hessea Rehmanni, Baker, Hanb. Amaryllid. 22 ; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 190.

This species differs from the one we previously figured

( H . Zeyheri, Plate 43) in not having a short perianth-tube

above the ovary. The species here figured is evidently quite

common in some localities in the High Veld, growing amongst

the grass, but has not been extensively collected. Rehmann

first found the plant on which Baker based his description,

and it has since been found by Miss Saunders and Mr. E. E.

Galpin near Johannesburg. Our illustration was made from

specimens collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at

Kaalfontein, between Pretoria and Johannesburg.

Baker in his description mentions that the pedicels are

strongly angled, but we suspect that is solely due to drying,

as in the fresh material the pedicels are quite terete.

Like many other plants belonging to the Amaryllidaceae,

the seeds may commence germination before falling from the

capsule.

As far as we are aware the species has no common name,

and we would suggest 4 4 wit sambrieltje ” for this little plant.

Description : — Bulb 1-8 cm. long, 1*5 cm. in diameter,

globose, covered with papery tunics and produced into a

neck about 1 to 1-5 cm. long. Leaves usually one, more

rarely two, 9 cm. long, filiform, quite terete or with a shallow

channel, glabrous. Peduncle 15 cm. long, terete, glabrous.

Inflorescence a centripetal umbel of about nine flowers.

S'pathe-valves 2 mm. long, ovate, acute. Pedicels 8 mm.

long, terete, glabrous. Perianth-segments 8 mm. long, 1-5 mm.

broad, linear, much crisped, with 3 segments minutely and

bluntly apiculate and with papillae at the apex. Filaments

attached to base of perianth-segments, 5 mm. long, terete;

anthers 1 mm. long, orbicular, basifixed. Ovary 2-5 mm. in

diameter, globose,' glabrous with a single ovule in each cell ;

style 7 mm. long, terete; stigmas 3, papillose. (National

Herb. Pretoria, No. 2713.)

Plate 120. — Fig. 1, section of part of leaf showing shallow channel ;

2, involucral bract ; 3, median longitudinal section of flower ; 4, perianth

segment; 5, anther; 6, style and stigmas; 7, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1923.

INDEX TO VOLUME III

PLATE

Adenia digitata ........ 113

Adenium oleifolium ....... 105

Aloe comosa ........ 107

Aloe microcantha ....... Ill

Aloe saponaria ........ 96

Aloe variegata ........ 86

Brachycorythis pubescens ...... 103

Brunia Stokoei ........ 92

Ceratotheca triloba ....... 87

Chrysophyllum magalismontanum .... 98

Clematopsis Stanleyi ....... 81

Crassula congesta ....... 115

Craterostigma plantagineuh ..... 106

Cyrtanthus helictus ....... 99

Dicoma Zeyheri ........ 88

Erythrina Humeana ....... 112

Eulophia Zeyheri ....... 119

Gerbera plantaginea ....... 85

Gladiolus psittacinus ....... 116

Greyia Badlkoferi ....... 101

Hessea Eehmanni . . . . . . .120

Hoodia Bainii ........ 93

Hyobanche Fulleri ....... 89

Lachenalia Eoodeae ....... 91

Leucospermum cordatum ...... 95

LoNCHOSTOMA MONOSTYLIS ...... 118

MaCKAYA BELLA ........ 104

Mesembryanthehum DIGITATUM ..... 102

Mesehbryanthehum Pillansii ..... 110

Mimetes hottentotica ...... 82

Protea compacta ........ 84

Protea pityphylla var. latifolia ..... 108

Protea Stokoei ........ 100

Bomulea Austinii ....... 90

Senecio Medley-Woodii ...... 83

Synnotia Metelerkampiae ...... 97

Triaspis Nelsoni ........ 109

Tritonia Mathewsiana ...... 94

YeNIDIUM MACROCEPHALUM ...... 117

WACHENDORFIA PANICULATA ...... Ill