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THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF

SOUTH AFRICA.

A MAGAZINE CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE

FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO SOUTH AFRICA.

EDITED BY

I. B. POLE EVANS, C.M.G., M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.,

Cfjicf, Dtbiston of Botang anti plant Patfjologg, Department of Agriculture, JPretovia;

anti Director of tfje Botanical Surbeg of tfjc Dnton of Soutfj Africa.

VOL. V.

The veld which lies so desolate and bare

Will blossom into cities white and fair,

And pinnacles will pierce the desert air,

And sparkle in the sun.

R. C. Macfie’s “ Ex Unitate Vires.”

LONDON :

L. REEVE & CO., Ltd.,

HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON

SOUTH AFRICA:

THE SPECIALTY PRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA, Ltd.,

P.O. BOX 395S, JOHANNESBURG ; P.O. BOX 388, CAPETOWN.

1925.

[All rights reserved.]

THIS VOLUME

IS CORDIALLY DEDICATED

TO

THOMAS PEARSON STOKOE

OF CAPE TOWN

WHOSE INDEFATIGABLE EXERTIONS IN EXPLORING

THE FLORA OF THE CAPE MOUNTAINS HAVE

RENDERED VALUABLE SERVICE TO SOUTH AFRICAN

BOTANY BY THE DISCOVERY OF NEW PLANTS AND

THE RE -DISCOVERY OF MANY THAT WERE LONG

LOST, AND TO WHOSE ZEAL, ENTHUSIASM, AND

GENEROSITY AS A COLLECTOR THIS WORK IS

GREATLY INDEBTED.

Division of Botany, Pretoria.

October , 1925.

S. Gower del

Plate 161.

COTYLEDON orbiculata.

Cape Province, Transvaal.

Crassulaceae.

Cotyledon, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 659.

Cotyledon orbiculata, Linn. Sp. PI. 614; FI. Cap. vol. ii. p. 371.

Cotyledon orbiculata was first figured in the Botanical

Magazine in 1795, and stated to have been introduced into

English gardens about the year 1690. The genus Cotyledon

differs from Crassula (see Plate 115) by having twice as

many stamens as petals. It is a large genus in South Africa,

and represented by between 30 to 40 species. Several species

of the genus are of economic interest inasmuch as they

produce disease in stock. The well-known “ Krimptziekte ”

of goats is caused by C. Wallichii. The Division of Veterinary

Education and Research carried out some feeding experiments

with C. orbiculata in 1921 at Grahamstown, and definitely

proved that feeding the leaves to fowls caused death.

Our plate was prepared from specimens grown at the

Division of Botany, Pretoria. The plant goes under the

common names of “ hondenoor,” “ Konterie,” “ Varkens

ooren,” and “ pig’s-ear.”

Description : — Low shrubby somewhat succulent plant.

Stem with light-brown bark. Leaves opposite, 6-5 to 8 cm.

long, 4 to 4-5 cm. broad, obovate, subacute, glabrous, glaucous,

with red margins. Peduncle up to 27 cm. long, 8 mm. in

diameter, terete, reddish in colour with a whitish bloom.

Inflorescence a panicle of cymes. Calyx-tube almost none;

lobes 5 mm. long, ovate, acute. Corolla-tube 2-8 cm. long,

1*5 cm. in diameter; lobes 2 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, oblong,

obtuse, slightly twisted counter-clockwise. Stamens 10, five

shorter inserted near the base of the corolla-tube, with a

ring of hairs at the point of attachment and produced below

the hairs into a strong rib; filaments subterete; anthers

ovate. Carvels as long as the shorter stamens. Glands

forming a deep concave body at the base of each carpel.

Plate 161. — Fig. 1, longitudinal median section of the flower; Fig. 2,

gynsecium, showing glands ; Fig. 3, stamen ; Fig. 4, tuft of hairs on filament ;

Fig. 5, side view of gland at base of carpel.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

/ 62 .

S. Gower del.

Plate 162.

SYNNOTIA bicolor.

/ cy .

Cape Province.

Lridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Synnotia, Sweet ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 709.

Synnotia bicolor, Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2, p. 501 ; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 134.

This species was introduced into the Royal Botanic

Garden at Kew by George Masson in 1786, and was described

as a Gladiolus, and later in the Botanical Magazine (t. 548)

as a species of Ixia. From the former genus it is readily

distinguished by the membranous lacerated spathe-valves and

from the latter by the unilateral stamens.

The plant is rather stiff, but the individual flowers are

quite charming. As will be seen from the illustration, the

flowers resemble in general shape those of Gladiolus orchidi-

florus shown at Plate 165 of this work.

Our specimen was prepared from plants grown by Dr.

I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., from conns forwarded by Mrs. E.

Rood of van Rhynsdorp.

Description : — Corm ellipsoid, 3 cm. long, 1-5 cm. in

diameter, covered with fine reticulated sheaths. Leaves 7 in

a basal distichous rosette, 8 to 11 cm. long, 0-7 to 1*4 cm.

broad, linear-oblong, very acute, with 1 more or less evident

mid-rib, but many-veined when viewed in transmitted light.

Peduncle about 12 cm. long, flexuose, bearing about 6 distant

flowers. Outer spathe-valves 1 cm. long, deeply 3-partite,

inner 2-partite. Perianth distinctly 2-lipped; tube 1*5 cm.

long, widening upwards; posterior segment 2-5 cm. long,

erect, clawed, with an ovate obtuse limb; side-segments

1*7 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, more or less oblong, obtuse,

spreading-reflexed ; 3 anterior segments more or less hori-

zontal and forming a distinct lip. Style as long as the

stamens, divided into 3 lobes dilated at the apex. (National

Herb. Pretoria, No. 2860.)

Plate 162. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2,

spathe-valve ; Fig. 3, stamen ; Fig. 4, style showing stigmas ; Fig. 5, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

163.

Plate 163.

GLADIOLUS TRICHOSTACHYS.

Transvaal.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Gladiolus, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 709.

Gladiolus trichostachys, Baker in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. II. vol. iv.

p. 1006.

This charming little Gladiolus was first found by Conrath

at Irene, near Pretoria, and was again collected by Dr. I. B.

Pole Evans, C.M.G., in the same locality. It was described

by Baker, with several other Transvaal species, in 1904, but

is here figured for the first time.

The plant produces a single erect flowering stem with

clasping leaves scarcely produced above. The species belongs

to the Section Hebea, which we have illustrated on Plates

63 and 165 (G. alatus , G. orchidiflorus), and is closely related

to G. permeabilis, a species common in the Cape Province,

but which also extends into Bechuanaland. It is, however,

easily distinguished from this species by the non-produced

leaves and hairy stems.

Our illustration was made from the specimens collected

by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at Irene.

Description : — Bulb 2 cm. in diameter, globose, covered

with brown fibres. Stem pilose on the lower half. Leaves

clasping the stem, sheath pilose, hardly produced. Inflores-

cence 13 cm. long, 7- to 10-flowered. Outer spathe-valves

1*5 cm. long, somewhat membranous above, entire, bifid or

trifid ; inner spathe- valves similar to the outer, bifid. Stamens

shorter than the style; anthers somewhat sagittate at the

base. Style-branches cuneate, fimbriate on the edges.

Plate 163. — Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, median longitudinal

section of flower; Fig. 3, outer spathe-valve ; Fig. 4, inner spathe-valve ;

Fig. 5, anther ; Fig. 6, portion of style with style branches.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

O:

Yv

izd' oil* j\>< I, ij&

1M * "J

764.

3- Gower del.

Plate 164.

ALOE Chabaudii.

Rhodesia.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe Chabaudii, Schonl. in Gard. Chron. 1905, p. 162.

Dr. Schonland in his description of this Aloe in the Gar-

deners' Chronicle states that it is allied to A. striata, and a

reference to our Plate 55 will show the similarity of the

flowers in the two species. The specimens from which the

original description was prepared were collected by Mr. J. M.

Brown in Rhodesia, but the exact locality is not known.

They were grown and flowered by Mr. J. A. Chabaud of

Port Elizabeth. The plant is erect with a short stem, and

has not the reclining habit of A. striata. It is very suitable

for large rockeries, and makes an effective display when in

flower.

Our plate was prepared from specimens grown at the

Division of ^o^any, Peoria.

Description : — Acaulescent or almost so. Leaves 18 to

24, forming an irregular rosette, up to 45 cm. long and 15 cm.

broad near the base, about 2 cm. thick, ovate-lanceolate,

unspotted, somewhat glaucous; upper surface indistinctly

striate, nearly flat, except near the apex, where it is chan-

nelled ; lower surface slightly convex ; margin with a narrow

horny border; prickles 1*5 mm. long or even smaller, at

first flesh-coloured, brown in older leaves, straight or (espe-

cially in the upper portion of the leaf) curved forward, about

1*5 cm. apart, interspaces straight. Inflorescence a loose

panicle, with squarrose ascending branches 60 to 80 cm. in

height, about 45 cm. in diameter; racemes lax, floriferous

portion 15 to 20 cm. long; bracts deltoid, acuminate, mem-

branous, lowest about 6 mm. long, upper gradually smaller;

pedicels spreading, lowest 2 cm. long, upper only slightly

smaller; perianth 3-5 cm. long, slightly curved, distinctly

obconical at the base, swollen round the ovary, with three

decided oblong indentations above it (in a line with the

inner segments) ; outer segments pale brick-red with nearly

white wings near the apex, inner with red median line and

pale wings, which are yellowish at the apex; tube of corolla

nearly two-thirds its length ; filaments yellow, slightly exceed-

ing the perianth in length, anthers pale terra-cotta; ovary

broadly oblong, green ; style yellow, not exserted ; stigma

very small, capitate (S. Schonland).

Plate 164. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2,

bract ; Fig. 3, anther ; Fig. 4, apex of style.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

7G5

S. Gower del.

Plate 165.

GLADIOLUS ORCHIDIFLORUS.

Cape Province.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Gladiolus, Linn. ; Benih. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 709.

Gladiolus orchidiflorus Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 241; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 160.

In the Botanical Magazine for the year 1803 (Plate 688)

appeared an excellent figure of this species under the name

Gladiolus viperatus, which was given owing to a fanciful

resemblance to “ the head and appearance of the jaws of the

snake when raising itself for defence against its enemy and

hissing.” Prior to the figure above quoted Jacquin illustrated

the same species (1781-1786).

Like most species of Gladiolus, it lends itself to cultivation

and is easily grown in pots.

A comparison of this plate of G. orchidiflorus and Plate 63

(G. alatus var. namaquensis ) should be made with other plates

of Gladiolus figured. The two species belong to the section

Hebea, all the members of which may be easily recognised by

the long claws to the perianth-segments.

The plants from which our illustration was made were

grown by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at Irene, near Pretoria,

from corms sent by Mrs. E. Rood of van Rhynsdorp.

Description : — Corm 2-5 cm. diameter, depressed-globose,

covered with fibrous tunics. Produced leaves 4; lowest leaf

with a lanceolate-linear blade, 6-5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad,

prominently 2-ribbed; upper leaves up to 30 cm. long, 5 to

8 mm. broad, linear, acuminate, acute, with 2 of the ribs

more prominent than the others, glabrous. Inflorescence

about half as long as the leaves, laxly few-flowered. Perianth

very unequal ; the uppermost segment long-clawed and with

an oblong obtuse blade membranous on the margins, arched

over the flower and the style and stamens; side segments

broadly ovate, clawed, and produced into an acuminate

point ; lower segments more or less forming a lip, spathulate,

long-clawed, obtuse. Stamens arched under the uppermost

segment and completely hidden by it. Style arched under

the uppermost segment, projecting beyond its apex; lobes

spathulate, papillose round the edges. (National Herb. Pre-

toria, No. 2858.)

Plate 165. — Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, median longitudinal

section of flower ; Fig. 3, corm ; Fig. 4, spathe-valve ; Fig. 5, stamen ;

Fig. 6, top of style showing the 3 stigmas ; Fig. 7, fruit.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

J66.

S. Gower del.

Plate 166.

LACHENALIA tricolor,

var. LUTEOLA.

Cape Province.

Liliaceae. Tribe Scilleae.

Lachenalia, Jacq. ; Benth. et Rook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 807.

Lachenalia tricolor, Thunb. var. luteola, Baker. ; Jacq. Collect, vol. iv.

p. 148; Ic. vol. ii. p. 16, t. 395; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 424.

The Lachenalia figured on the accompanying plate is

among the most graceful species in the genus. It is closely

allied to L. pendula, illustrated on Plate 158, but is distin-

guished by having the inner perianth-segments much longer

than the outer. The plant was known to horticulturists in

Europe almost 150 years ago, and was figured in colour

between 1786 and 1793 by Jacquin, and again in the Botanical

Magazine in 1807.

L. tricolor grows in the sandy parts of the Cape Province,

but lends itself to cultivation in pots. It has been success-

fully grown at Irene, near Pretoria, by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans,

C.M.G., from bulbs supplied by Lady Smartt of “ Glen Ban,”

Stellenbosch, C.P., and from these specimens our illustration

was made.

In the young flowering stage the buds are quite green,

but become yellow in the lower half as they grow older, while

in the adult flower the colour is a deep chrome (R. C. S.).

Description : — Bulb globose, 1*3 cm. in diameter, with

long white roots from the base. Leaves 2, up to 17 cm.

long, 2*5 cm. broad at the base, 2 cm. broad above, strap-

shaped, obtuse, glabrous. Peduncle up to 16 cm. long, terete,

green, spotted with brown. Flowers racemose, pendulous,

each flower arising from a small pocket formed by the bract.

Bract 3 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, with a conical

blunt spur. Outer perianth-segments 1-6 cm. long, oblong.

obtuse, one slightly beaked below the apex; inner segments

2-6 cm. long, widened upwards, obtuse. Stamens hardly

exerted. Style as long as the stamens, penicillate at the

apex. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2857.)

Plate 166. — Fig. 1, whole plant much reduced; Fig. 2, median longi-

tudinal section of the flower ; Fig. 3, bulb ; Fig. 4, part of peduncle showing

pocket-like bracts ; Fig. 5, stamen ; Fig. 6, upper portion of style showing

stigma.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

IG7.

S. Gower del.

Plate 167.

CRASSULA rosularis.

Cape Province, Natal.

Ceassulaceae.

Ceassula, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 657.

Crassula rosularis, Harv. ; FI. Cap. vol. ii. p. 350.

Crassula rosularis belongs to the section Rosulares, which

is characterised by having rosulate flat radical leaves and a

scape-like flowering stem. Unlike so many species of Crassula,

it is a shade-loving plant.

The plant from which our illustration was made was

found growing under Aloes near Grey town in Natal, whence

it extends southwards to Uitenhage. It is a dainty little

plant, and would thrive on a shaded rockery if supplied with

humus and a fair amount of moisture. In its choice of

habitat it resembles very much C. flabellifolia, C. Saxifraga

and C. Septas.

We are indebted to Lady Leuchars for the specimens.

Description : — An acaulescent plant. Leaves rosulate,

radical; lower leaves spathulate-oblong, about 5 cm. long;

the upper leaves becoming gradually smaller and broadly

ovate ; all with cartilaginous-ciliated margins. Peduncle

scape-like, glabrous. Flowers in peduncled cymes, arranged

in a panicle on a common peduncle. Pedicels about 2 mm.

long. Calyx half as long as the corolla; lobes lanceolate-

oblong, ciliate. Petals obovate-oblong, with a dorsal apiculus

just below the apex. Stamens 5, almost as long as the petals

and alternating with them. Glands of 5 scales opposite the

carpels. Carpels 5; styles short; stigmas capitate. (National

Herb. Pretoria, No. 2859.)

Plate 167. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2,

carpels; Fig. 3, stamens.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

766.

S. G over del.

Plate 168.

LISSOCHILUS speciosus.

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal.

Orchidaceae. Tribe Vandeae.

LissocHiLtrs, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 536.

Lissochilus speciosus, R. Br. ex Lindl. Coll. Bot. t. 31 ; FI. Cap. vol. v.

sect. iii. p. 59.

Lissochilus speciosus is one of the more common species

of the genus and has a wide range of distribution. It is

found in the Uitenhage Division, and then follows the coastal

belt northwards, through the Transkei into Natal, and up to

the northern spurs of the Drakensbergen in the Transvaal.

The species has also been recorded from Mazoe in Rhodesia.

Robert Brown’s genus Lissochilus, which he founded in 1821,

was based on this species. But the late Dr. H. Bolus placed

it in the genus Eulophia, and redescribed the plant as Eulophia

speciosa in 1890, and figured it under the same name in 1911

(Orchids of South Africa, vol. ii. t. 13).

The specimen from which our plate was made was found

by Misses H. Forbes and S. Gower at Isipingo, Natal, and

grown at the Division of Botany, Pretoria. It is common all

along the slopes of the sandhills of the Southern Natal coast.

Description : — Pseudobulbs ovoid, 5 cm. or more long,

with a few ovate sheaths, 3- to 5-leaved; leaves elongate,

linear, acute, somewhat fleshy, without prominent veins,

conduplicate below, not articulated above the base, 15 to

30 cm. or more long, 2 to 2-5 cm. or more broad; scapes

erect, stout, up to nearly 1 m. long, with several spathaceous

sheaths ; racemes long, somewhat lax, many flowered, flowers

medium-sized, bracts ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, acu-

minate, 2 to 2-5 cm. long ; pedicels 2 to 2-5 cm. long ; sepals

ovate to ovate-oblong, subacute or acute, reflexed, green,

about 1 cm. long; petals spreading, broadly ovate or ovate-

suborbicular, subobtuse, about 2 cm. long, bright yellow;

lip 3-lobed, nearly as long as the petals ; side-lobes suberect,

short and transversely oblong, white with a few reddish

lines; front lobe broadly elliptic, obtuse, reflexed at the

sides, yellow with a few reddish lines at the base ; disc convex,

with 3 obtuse keels ; spur very short, broadly conical, obtuse,

column oblong, 6 mm. long ( Flora Capensis).

Plate 168. — Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, median longitudinal

section of flower; Fig. 3, bract; Fig. 4, anthers; Fig. 5, back view of

anthers.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

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Plate 169.

ALOE FEROX.

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe ferox, Miller , Gard. Did. ed. viii. No. 22; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 326.

This species of Aloe is unique among the South African

representatives of the genus as being of some economic

importance. The thick juice of the leaves yields the com-

mercial product “ aloes.” The method of preparing “ aloes ”

is as follows : A hole is scooped in the ground and lined with

a skin, and the cut ends of the leaves are placed on the skin

so that the juice exudes and collects. The thick juice is

then heated, and on cooling the “ aloes ” crystallise out.

Aloe ferox is very common in parts of the south-eastern

Cape Province and in the midlands of Natal, and the plants

form a very characteristic feature in the landscape. Plants

may reach a height of 8 to 12 feet, and the simple stem is

crowned with a dense rosette of leaves, while the lower portion

of the stem is covered with the remains of the leaves.

Our plate was prepared from a specimen flowering at the

Division of Botany, Pretoria.

Description : — Stem simple. Leaves many in a dense

terminal rosette, varying from 0*5 to 1 m. long, 10 to 15 cm.

broad below and gradually narrowing above, convex on the

lower surface, concave on the upper surface, prickly on the

edges; prickles stout, slightly recurved. Inflorescence a ter-

minal branched raceme. Racemes up to 0*6 m. long, very

dense. Bracts ovate, cuspidate. Perianth-segments 1*3 cm.

long, 8 mm. broad, oblong, cucullate at the apex. Filaments

linear; anthers not much broader than the filaments. Style

cylindric, stigma simple.

Plate 169. — Fig. 1, leaf (x J); Fig. 2, margin of leaf showing prickles;

Fig. 3, cross-section of leaf ; Fig. 4, bract ; Fig. 5, flower bud ; Fig. 6,

mature flower; Fig. 7, perianth-segments; Fig. 8, portion of inner and

outer perianth-segments ; Fig. 9, stamens, front and back view.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

I

no

S . G ower del.

Plate 170.

LEUCADENDRON humiftjsxtm.

Cape Province.

Proteaceae. Tribe Proteae.

Leucadendron, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 169.

Leucadendron humifusum, E. Mey. in Drege, Zwei. Pfl. Documente,

pp. 64, 118, 198; FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. i. p. 549.

This interesting species of Leucadendron was first collected

by Drege between the years 1826 and 1829, and then com-

pletely lost sight of, as none of the later collectors are credited

with finding it again. In August, 1922, Mr. T. P. Stokoe

came across the plant on the Hottentot Holland Mountains,

and thus had the honour of bringing to the notice of South

African botanists a species which had not been collected for

almost one hundred years. We take this opportunity of

giving a fuller description of the plant than that appearing

in the Flora Capensis, and describe the female plant for the

first time.

Description : — A shrub. Branches tomentose, at length

becoming glabrous. Leaves 3-5 to 7 cm. long, 0*7 to 1*6 cm.

broad (those surrounding the heads a little larger), oblong or

oblong-lanceolate, with a blunt callous apex, slightly narrowed

to a rather broad base, with 3 distinct veins from above the

base, glabrous. Male head sessile, 2*5 to 3 cm. long (including

the flowers), 2-5 cm. in diameter, surrounded by about 8

series of involucral bracts. Involucral bracts 1T5 to 1-3 cm.

long, 8 to 8*5 mm. broad, oblong, the outer shortly cuspidate

and with ciliated margins, inner rounded at the apex and

without cilia, all glabrous. Receptacle 1 cm. high, 1 cm. in

diameter, club-shaped. Perianth-tube 7 mm. long, somewhat

compressed, glabrous; lobes 8 mm. long, linear, obtuse at

the apex, glabrous. Anthers 5 mm. long, linear. Style IT cm.

long, terete, pilose below ; stigma faintly two-lobed. Female-

head 1*6 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter, surrounded by about

4 series of involucral bracts. Involucral bracts 1-2 to 1*5 cm.

long, up to 1*4 cm. broad, ovate, shortly cuspidate, obtuse,

the outer ciliated, the inner without cilia, all glabrous.

Receptacle 1 cm. high, 6 mm. broad, conical. Perianth-tube

8 mm. long, compressed, long-pilose; limb 2 mm. long, linear,

obtuse, glabrous. Staminodes 0-75 mm. long. Ovary 1 mm.

long, 0-75 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid, pilose; style 1 cm.

long, linear, gradually narrowing to the base; stigma flat

and oblique.

Plate 170. — Fig. 1, female head; Fig. 2, bract; Fig. 3, longitudinal

section of female head ; Fig. 4, female flower ; Fig. 5, pistil ; Fig. 6, male

head; Fig. 7, bract; Fig. 8, longitudinal section of male head; Fig. 9,

male flower.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

777

S. Gower del.

Plate 171.

ALOE MARLOTHII.

Transvaal.

Lilaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe Marlothii, Berger in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. xxxviii. p. 87.

Aloe Marlothii is a very close ally of A. ferox figured on

Plate 169, but a careful comparison of the two will show

points of difference which enables one to distinguish the

two species. The inflorescence in A. Marlothii has the

primary branches horizontal and the flowers are more or

less on one side of the axis, and not arranged so as to form

a cylindric raceme, as in A. ferox. The leaves of the species

also differ, those of A. Marlothii being concave-convex in

cross-section and with both the upper and lower surfaces

bearing prickles, while in A. ferox the leaf is biconvex in

cross-section.

Plants of A. Marlothii up to 15 ft. high are often found,

and they make a very ornamental show in the rockery.

Our plate was prepared from specimens grown at the

Division of Botany, Pretoria.

Description : — Leaves up to 1 m. long, ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate, acute, concave-convex in cross-section, prickly on

the face and back, with the margins armed with prickles.

Inflorescence a branched raceme, with the primary branches

horizontal. Flowers more or less secund. Bracts broadly

ovate, shortly acuminate. Perianth tubular. Stamens at

length exserted. Ovary ellipsoid, style cylindric, at length

exserted; stigma small.

172.

S. Gower del.

Plate 172.

HYPOXIS ROOPERI.

Basutoland, Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal.

Amabyllid ace ae . Tribe Hypoxideae.

Hypoxis, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 717.

Hypoxis Rooperi, Moore in Gard. Comp. 1, 65, cum icone; FI. Cap.

vol. vi. p. 188.

The accompanying plate is our first illustration of a

characteristic South African genus, namely, Hypoxis. The

genus contains over sixty species, of which number more

than forty are found in the Union, the remainder being

natives of tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Australia and

America.

The species is acaulescent, with a large underground corm

crowned with a ring of bristles, and bears a number of dis-

tichous leaves. The flower-stalks arise from the axils of the

leaves.

It is quite a common plant in the south-eastern portion

of the Cape Province, and extends through East Griqualand

into Natal and northwards into the Drakensbergen round

Barberton. It has, however, also been recorded from the

Potchefstroom District in the Transvaal.

In winter the leaves die down, but appear again as soon

as the frosts cease, and sometimes long before the summer

rains commence the plants are in full bloom in the veld.

Our plate was prepared from specimens flowering at the

Division of Botany, Pretoria.

Description : — Leaves np to 30 cm. long, 3-2 cm. broad,

strap-shaped, narrowing upwards, falcate, folded from the

midrib, closely and distinctly ribbed, almost glabrous on

the upper surface, softly pilose on the back and margins.

Peduncles much shorter than the leaves, villous. Bracts

1*3 cm. long, linear, acute, villous on the back. Pedicels

up to 1*6 cm. long, villous. Outer 'perianth-segments 2-2 cm.

long, 8 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse; inner segments 2*1 cm.

long, 1-5 cm. broad, elliptic, obtuse. Filaments shorter

than the anthers. Ovary subglobose, villous, stigmas 3-lobed,

papillose on the margins.

Plate 172. — Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, portion of peduncle

showing bracts and part of pedicels ; Fig. 3, flower, surface view ; Fig. 4,

flower, back view ; Fig. 5, anthers ; Fig. 6, stigma, side and top views ;

Fig. 7, transverse section of ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

173.

S. Gower del.

Plate 173.

CRASSULA COLUMNARIS.

Cape Province.

Crasstjxaceae.

Crassula, Linn. ; Bentk. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 657.

Crossula columnaris, Linn. f. Suppl. 191 ; FI. Cap. vol. ii. p. 358.

This quaint little Crassula may be found in parts of the

Karroo and also in Namaqualand. It has on several occasions

been collected in the neighbourhood of Matjesfontein and

Ceres. In its native home, where it is usually exposed to the

full force of the sun’s rays, it is far more compact than is

shown in our illustration, which was made from a plant

grown partly in the shelter of a tree. It is easily cultivated

on the rockery if not kept too moist, as an abundance of

water causes the plant to rot. It is a charming object when

in flower, and growers of South African succulents should

certainly try to secure specimens of this species, as in shape

it is more or less unique in the genus Crassula.

Our plate was prepared from specimens presented by

Mr. A. J. Austin of Matjesfontein, and grown at the Division

of Botany, Pretoria. We are indebted to Dr. R. Mar loth

for a photograph of the plant as it grows, and part of the

plate has been prepared from this.

Description : — Leaves 2-8 cm. broad, usually less than

1 cm. long, deeply concave on the inner face. Inflorescence

a compact globose head. Calyx shortly campanulate at the

base; lobes linear-spathulate, fringed above with papillose

hairs. Corolla somewhat ventricose below, tubular above;

lobes linear-spathulate. Stamens much shorter than the

corolla-lobes. Hypogynous glands spathulate above, narrowed

into a long claw. Carpels ventricose below, narrowed upwards,

somewhat recurved above.

Plate 173. — Fig. 1, a single leaf and cross-section of

single flower ; Fig. 3, corolla laid open showing the stamens ;

lobe, much enlarged; Fig. 5, corolla-lobe, enlarged; Fig.

showing hypogynous glands.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

leaf ; Fig. 2,

Fig. 4, calyx-

6, gynaecium,

KAlansdell del.

Plate 174.

SENECIO TAMOIDES.

Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal.

Compositae. Tribe Seneciohidbae.

Senecio, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 446.

Semecis tamoides, DC. Prodr. vol. vi. p. 403 ; FI. Cap. vol. iii. p. 404.

The species here figured belongs to a small group of species

in the genus (Section Scandentes ), which is characterised by

its members being climbing, half-climbing or trailing plants.

Senecio tamoides is a very common plant in the bush and

the coastal belt, and its large trusses of bright yellow, honey-

scented flowers show up in strong contrast against the back-

ground of dark green foliage. At Durban, Natal, the flowers

are frequently attacked by an insect, and as a result a gall

is formed inside the flower head. The gall enlarges into a

cylindric green body much longer than the flower-head, and

each contains a single larva.

Senecio tamoides has been recorded from the Chipete

Forest in Rhodesia, and was also collected by Mr. E. E.

Galpin, F.L.S., at Barberton in the Transvaal.

Our illustration was made from specimens collected by

Miss K. A. Lansdell on the Berea, Durban.

Description : — A climbing herb. Branches glabrous.

Leaves 2-2 to 5-5 cm. long, 2-7 to 6 cm. broad, ovate, acumin-

ate, subobtuse, somewhat hastate, with the margins acutely

lobulate, glabrous. Inflorescence a many-headed corymb.

Involucral-bracts about 6, 8 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, oblong-

linear, obtuse, with membranous margins. Ray-florets : Tube

5 mm. long, cylindric; limb 6-5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad,

oblong. Style exserted; style branches filiform. Disc-florets

male, cylindric, 6-5 mm. long, lobes *75 mm. long, linear,

obtuse. Anthers blunt. Style-branches linear, truncate.

Ovary infertile, 3 mm. long, cylindric, ribbed, glabrous.

Pappus copious.

Plate 174. — Fig. 1, ray-floret; Fig. 2, disc-floret.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

ns.

S. Gower del.

Plate 175.

GLADIOLUS tristis.

Cape Province.

Liliaceab. Tribe Ixieab.

Gladiolus, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 709.

Gladiolus tristis, Linn. Sp. Plant, ed. 2, i. 53, ex parte ; FI. Cap.

vol. vi. p. 139.

There appears to be a great deal of confusion between

this species of Gladiolus and G. grandis, even among the

specimens quoted under these species in the “ Flora Capen-

sis ” ; and possibly when a large range of living specimens

is examined the two species now upheld will be referred to

a single species. Gladiolus tristis is quite a handsome member

of the genus, and while not so highly coloured as some, the

large semi-translucent flowers with such delicate markings

have a charm of their own; besides which, the flowers are

very sweetly scented. The species is readily raised from

seed, and under proper cultivation it flowers about fifteen

months after sowing.

Our plate was made from plants grown by Dr. I. B. Pole

Evans, C.M.G., at Irene near Pretoria.

Description : — Corm 1-5 cm. in diameter, globose. Pro-

duced leaves 2 or 3; the lowest up to 36 cm. long, 4-angled,

appearing as a cross in transverse section, glabrous; upper

leaves similar but shorter. Inflorescence usually 3-flowered.

Outer spathe-valves 3*5 cm. long, lanceolate-oblong, acute;

inner spathe-valve similar, but slightly curved and gradually

narrowing upwards; lobes 3-5 cm. long, 2-8 cm. broad,

ovate, bluntly acuminate, obtuse minutely apiculate. Stamens

shorter than the style. Style-branches cuneate, papillose on

the margins.

Plate 175. — Fig. 1, plant, much reduced ; Fig. 2, corm, showing bulbil;

Fig. 3, median longitudinal section of flower ; Fig. 4, portion of leaf ; Fig. 5,

cross-section of leaf; Fig. 6, anther with part of filament; Fig. 7, stigmas

with part of style ; Fig. 8, ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

77 e

S. Gower del.

iW

Plate 176.

SARCOPHYTE sanguinea.

Cape Province.

Balanophoraceae. Tribe Sarcophyteae.

Sarcophyte, Sparrm. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 234.

Sarcophyte sanguinea, Sparrm. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1776,

300, t. 7 ; FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. ii. p. 213.

The family Balanophoraceae, to which our plant belongs,

comprises plants all of which are parasitic on the roots of

trees and shrubs. There are about fifty species, spread

over about fifteen genera, widely distributed in tropical and

sub-tropical regions. In South Africa the family is represented

by two genera and four species.

Sarcophyte sanguinea is usually found as a parasite on

the roots of Acacia Karroo, but so far as we know does not

follow the same distribution as its host, but is confined to

the eastern portion of the Cape Province. The plant really

consists of a large inflorescence arising from the ground,' and

the two sexes are distinct. When in flower it has a most

objectionable stench, so much so that the presence of a plant

is known long before it is actually seen.

The accompanying plate illustrates a male plant.

Description : — Male plant about 30 cm. high. Root-

stock thick, irregularly lobed, verrucose; stem short erect;

leaves reduced to oblong obtuse or subacute scales up to

2 cm. long and 1-2 cm. wide. Inflorescence much-branched;

flowers usually in pairs on short pedicels which are connate

below. Perianth-segments navicular, almost patent, very thick

and fleshy, subacute, 4 mm. long, 2*5 mm. wide; filaments

3 to nearly 4 mm. long, cylindrical ; anthers terminal, scarcely

wider than the filaments. Female plants very similar to the

male, but rather shorter, flowers numerous in subglobose

shortly stalked heads about 6 mm. in diameter. Ovary

1-3-celled ; ovule solitary, pendulous ; stigma discoid, sessile ;

fruit a syncarpium ; seed about 1 mm. long ( Flora Capensis ).

Plate 176. — Fig. 1, scale-libe leaf; Fig. 2, portion of male inflores-

cence; Fig. 3, single male flower, showing the three perianth -segments

and the 3 stamens ; Fig. 4, single stamen.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

777.

Plate 177.

PROTEA PITYPHYLLA.

Cape Province.

Proteaceae. Tribe Proteae.

Protea, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 169.

Protea pityphylla, Phillips in Kew Bulletin, 1910, 234; FI. Cap. vol. v.

sect. i. p. 594.

We have pleasure in showing for the first time this species

of Protea, hitherto not figured in botanical publications. On

a previous occasion we published an illustration of a broad-

leaved variety, P. pityphylla, var. latifolia (see Plate 108).

Another variety with short leaves resembling those of P.

rosacea has been collected in the Ronde Bokkeveld, but it

may be at once distinguished from this species by the

foliaceous appendages of the outer bracts.

The late Dr. MacOwan distributed the species as a “ sp.

nov.” in 1888, and it is only within recent years that it has

been at all largely collected.

The species has been successfully cultivated at the National

Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, and is well worth the atten-

tion of gardeners interested in plants typically South Africa.

Our plate was prepared from specimens presented by

Dr. R. Marloth.

Description : — Branches glabrous ; leaves 6 to 8 cm. long,

about 1 mm. wide, needle-shaped, acute, pungent, channelled

and prominently costate on the upper face, glabrous. Head.

sessile, 4 to 4-5 cm. long, about 6-5 cm. in diameter, cernuous.

Involucral-bracts 7-seriate, glabrous; outer ovate, acuminate,

obtuse or acute, the lowest produced into long foliaceous

appendages resembling the leaves, inner oblong, slightly

concave, exceeding the flowers. Perianth-sheath 1*5 cm. long,

dilated, 3-keeled and 7-nerved below, scarious, rufously setu-

lose within in the upper part, otherwise glabrous; lip 5 mm.

long, 3-toothed, 3-keeled, setose below ; teeth subequal,

0-5 mm. long. Stamens all fertile; filaments 0-5 mm. long,

dilated, concave; anthers oblong-linear, 3 mm. long, apical

glands 0-25 mm. long, ovate, subacute, somewhat swollen

on the inner face. Ovary 2 mm. long, obovate-oblong, covered

with long reddish-yellow hairs; hypogynous scales 1 mm.

long, oval-oblong; style up to 2-2 cm. long, widened and

much compressed from the base upwards for 6 mm., then

much constricted and strongly bent and subulate, the slender

portion obliquely arching inwards, glabrous; stigma 3 mm.

long, obtuse ( Flora Capensis).

Plate 177. — Fig. 1, single flower; Fig. 2, single flower opened; Fig. 3,

lip of perianth-segments showing the three stamens ; Fig. 4, receptacle.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

178.

S. Gower del.

Plate 178.

ALOE RUPESTRIS.

Namaqualand.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn.; Bentk. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe rupestris, Baker in Flora Capensis, vol. vi. p. 326.

This remarkable Aloe belongs to the same section of

the genus as A. ferox, which we figured on Plate 169, but

differs in having leaves which are not prickly on the under

surface. It is only found, so far as we know, in Namaqua-

land, where it grows on rocky ground, and was first distri-

buted by MacOwan. The locality from which the original

specimens came was between Port Nolloth and Spektakel.

The plant grows to a height of 10 to 12 feet, and produces a

large terminal panicle of racemes which overtops the leaves.

The young flowers are greenish-yellow in colour, but become

red when adult. This difference in colour between the young

and adult flowers is not an uncommon character in the genus,

and we have noted it before in A. Wickensii (Plate 41).

The plant from which our plate was prepared was pre-

sented by Dr. R. Marloth, and flowered at the Division of

Botany, Pretoria, in September 1924.

Description : — Stem almost 2 m. high, thick. Leaves

in a rosette at the apex of the stem, up to 60 cm. long, 5 cm.

broad near the base, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, not prickly

on either side, with small deltoid marginal teeth. Inflores-

cence much-branched; racemes dense, 15 to 20 cm. long.

Bracts small. Pedicels short. Perianth over 2 cm. long ;

segments divided almost to the base, oblong, with a distinct

green keel. Stamens and style much exserted.

Plate 178.— Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, median longitudinal

section of flower ; Fig. 3, flowers in various stages of development ; Fig. 4,

stamen ; Fig. 5, apex of style.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

179

Plate 179.

SENECIO FULGENS.

Natal, Transvaal.

Compositae. Tribe Senecionideae.

Senecio, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 446.

Senecio fulgens, Nicholson Diet. Gard. vol. iii. p. 420; Kleinia

fulgens, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5590.

This species of Senecio belongs to the section Kelinoidei

of the genus, to which section Senecio stapelliaeformis, figured

on Plate 28, is also referred. The species was first intro-

duced into England from Natal by a Mr. Plant in 1886, and

flowered at Kew the same year. From these specimens the

plate in the “ Botanical Magazine ” was made.

A comparison of the present plate with that of the

“ Botanical Magazine ” quoted above will show that our

plant has a more lax habit, and this is to be explained by

the fact that it is growing under the shelter of a large tree.

The shape and dentition of the leaves vary considerably.

The young leaves are narrowly (1-5 cm.) lanceolate, while

adult leaves are broadly (4-5 cm.) obovate. Some of the

leaves are quite entire, while others are remotely toothed.

All these variations are found on the same plant. On young

branches the leaves are grouped in more or less of a rosette

at the apex of the branch.

The species is well worthy of cultivation, as it grows

luxuriantly and flowers profusely, and often produces flowering

stems over 30 cm. long. The flowers are coral-red (R.C.S.,

Plate XIII).

Description : — A herbaceous shrub up to -6 m. high.

Leaves more or less crowded at the base, 6 to 12 cm. long,

1*5 to 4*5 cm. broad, lanceolate, lanceolate-obovate to obovate,

narrowed at the base, entire or remotely toothed, glaucous,

fleshy; the older leaves channelled on the upper surface in

the lower portion and distinctly keeled beneath. Flowering

stems up to 30 cm. long, with scattered leaves 2 to 9 cm.

apart, which decrease in size upwards, usually simple. Heads

homogamous, solitary. Involucral-bracts 1-9 cm. long, con-

crete, forming a tube 1 cm. in diameter and oblong in outline,

produced into nine lanceolate lobes above. Receptacle slightly

concave. Corolla-tube 1-9 cm. long, cylindric, very gradually

widening upwards ; lobes 2 mm. long, spreading, ovate-

oblong, obtuse. Anthers blunt at the base, with a lanceolate

apical appendage. Style-branches much recurved, obtuse,

with marginal papillae. Ovary 5 mm. long, cylindric, glabrous.

Pappus 1-2 cm. long, of many fine bristles. (National Herb.,

Pretoria, No. 2738.)

Plate 179. — Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, cross-section of leaf;

Fig. 3, longitudinal section of head ; Fig. 4, median longitudinal section of

flower ; Fig. 5, anthers ; Fig. 6, style ; Fig. 7, fruit and pappus.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

Plate 180.

ALOE SESSILIFLORA.

Transvaal.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe sessiliflora, Pole Evans in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. vol. v. p. 708.

The species of Aloe figured on the accompanying plate

belongs to the less conspicuous members of the genus. The

small cream-yellow flowers do not make the inflorescence

very attractive. Aloe sessiliflora was collected in the Bar-

berton District by Mr. J. E. Wickens, and flowered at the

Union Buildings for the first time in June and July of 1914.

Mr. Geo. Thorncroft subsequently collected the plant near

Barberton. During the winter months the leaves are of a

distinct reddish colour, while in summer they are bright

green. The flowers contain drops of very dark nectar at

the base of the perianth.

Our plate was made from specimens growing at the Division

of Botany, Pretoria.

Description : — Stem up to 90 cm. high. Leaves in a

dense rosette at the apex of the stem, 45 to 60 cm. long.

6 to 8 cm. broad, spreading or recurved, fleshy, channelled

above, convex beneath, with the margins toothed. Peduncle

simple, 60 to 75 cm. long, laterally compressed, covered with

numerous oblong brown bracts. Spike densely many-flowered,

more or less cylindric; bracts 10 mm. long, 7 mm. wide,

ovate-cuspidate, 3-nerved. Flowers campanulate-cylindric ;

perianth 14 mm. long; segments free; the outer 5 mm.

broad, spathulate, fleshy-coloured with three longitudinal

dark nerves; the inner 8 mm. broad, yellowish at the edges

and with a reddish or greenish median line. Stamens and

style protruding 8 to 10 mm. beyond the perianth. Capsule

9 to 10 mm. long, cylindric-oblong, enclosed in the dry peri-

anth. Seeds 3 mm. long, three-angled, greyish, very narrowly

winged. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2880.)

Plate 180. — Fig. 1, habit; Fig. 2, median section of flower; Fig. 3,

pistil ; Fig. 4, stamen ; Fig. 5, bract.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

»

Plate 181.

STAPELIA gigantea var. pallida.

Transvaal (?).

Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.

Stapelia, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 784.

Stapelia gigantea, N.E. Br. var. Pallida, Phillips var. nov., a typo

corolla depressiore differt.

The Stapelia figured on the accompanying Plate is very

near S. gigantea, N.E. Br., from which it differs, however, in

having the disc portion of the corolla more depressed and

being much lighter in colour. It appears to be an inter-

mediate form between this species and S. nobilis, N.E. Br.,

differing from the latter species in not having such a cup-

shaped corolla-disc and not having the lobes of the outer

corona 3-toothed. The locality in which the plant is found

is not known, and the specimen from which our Plate was

prepared was kindly presented by Dr. A. J. T. Janse, who

grew it in his rockery.

Description : — Stems robust, bright green, finely

pubescent, prominently ridged, with each ridge ending in a

tooth-like leaf. Flowers solitary. Pedicel 5 cm. long, terete,

finely pubescent. Sepals IT cm. long, lanceolate, acute,

pubescent. Corolla 25 cm. in diameter when expanded ;

lobes 10 cm. long, 3 cm. broad at the base, ovate, long-

attenuate, pubescent without, transversely rugose and with

fine purple hairs on the inner face ; disc shallowly depressed,

covered with long soft purple hairs. Outer corona-lobes

oblong ; inner corona-lobes deeply cleft, with the outer lobes

plate-like and the inner lobes linear. (National Herb.,

Pretoria, No. 2891.)

Plate 181. — Fig. 1, side view of flower; Fig. 2, corona; Fig. 3, cross-

section through stem.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

?82.

T. Sewell del.

Plate 182.

GLADIOLUS cruentus.

Natal, Basutoland.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Gladiolus, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 709.

Gladiolus cruentus, Moore in Gard. Chron. 1868, 1138; Bot. Mag. t. 5810;

FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 157.

This is the first opportunity we have had of figuring a

species of Gladiolus belonging to the section Cardinales. As

far as our records go the species appears to be little known to

botanical science. In 1868 a Mr. Bull flowered it in his

nursery at Chelsea, and it was from specimens supplied by

Mr. Bull that the Plate in the Botanical Magazine was prepared.

We are indebted to Mr. L. F. Wacher, who sent us specimens

from Basutoland in 1923, for information about this beautiful

plant. Mr. Wacher states that the plant grows in many

places in the mountain area of Basutoland, and it is probable

that the species is confined to the high mountain regions of

Natal and Basutoland. While we have no definite information

as to the precise habitat, there appears to be little doubt that

it favours similar localities to G. cardinalis of the Cape Province,

which is usually found growing near waterfalls.

Description : — Corm 3-5 cm. in diameter, with thick

cylindric roots. Leaves about four, 16 to 30 cm. long, 1-5 to

2-5 cm. broad, ensiform, glabrous. Spike few-flowered.

Spathe-valves large, lanceolate; the lower from 7 to 15 cm.

long. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, curved; upper segments

5 to 6-5 cm. long, obovate-spathulate ; lower segments about

4 cm. long, with a white blotch at the throat covered with

red spots. Style-branches papillose on the margins.

Plate 182— Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, style

showing the style-branches.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

183.

P.Badenhorst del

Plate 183.

GAZANIA SUFFRUTICOSA.

$.TF. Africa.

Compositae. Tribe Arctotideae.

Gazania, Gaertn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 459.

Gazania suffruticosa, Muschler in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. 46, p. 120.

In a collection of succulents received from South-West

Africa and planted at the Division of Botany, Pretoria, fruits

of this Gazania were evidently mixed with the soil, as a plant

grew in the succulent bed. It is a somewhat remarkable

species and differs considerably in habit from the two species

previously figured on Plates 51 and 64. The whole plant is

covered with cobwebby hairs. The leaves are somewhat

succulent, extremely brittle, and snap when bent; they are

also easily snapped from the branches.

The single specimen in the garden has made vigorous

growth and promises to do well under cultivation. It

flowered in May of this year.

Description : — A branched herb up to 30 cm. high.

Branches cobwebby. Leaves 5*5 to 7*5 cm. long, 1 to 1*5 cm.

broad above, obovate-spathulate, narrowed into a petiole,

pungent at the apex, irregularly lobed, or toothed, with the

lobes and teeth tipped with a short pungent mucro, cobwebby

above and beneath. Flower-heads in the axils of the leaves.

Peduncles slightly longer, as long as or shorter than the leaves

with tufts of cobwebby hairs. Involucre 1*8 cm. long, 6 mm.

in diameter below, the concrete portion oblong in outline,

indexed at the base, sparsely cobwebby; outermost lobes

2*5 to 4 mm. long, ovate, acute ; inner lobes 1 cm. long, ovate,

acuminate, acute, with membranous margin. Ray-florets

neuter ; tube 9 mm. long, somewhat compressed ; limb 1*6 cm.

long, 7 mm. broad, obovate-elliptic, yellow, with a black

eye-spot. Disc-florets : tube 7 mm. long, cylindric ; lobes

1*5 mm. long, oblong, shortly acuminate, subobtuse. Anthers

minutely sagittate at the base. Ovary very villous; style-

branches linear, obtuse. Pappus of many delicate very narrow

scales 5 mm. long.

Plate 183. — Fig. 1, involucre; Fig. 2, longitudinal section through

involucre ; Fig. 3, ray-floret ; Fig. 4, disc-floret.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

784

P Badenhcrst dei

Plate 184.

LACHENALIA rubida var. tigrina.

Cape Province.

Liliaceae. Tribe Scilleae.

Lachenalia, Jacq . ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 807.

Lachenalia rubida, Jacq. var. tigrina, Bkr. FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 424.

On Plate 158 we figured a species Lachenalia pendula

belonging to the same subgenus ( Eulachenalia ) as the species

here described. Lachenalia rubida is a graceful little plant,

though not so handsome as some species of the genus. It

was figured by Jacquin between the years 1786 — 1793, from

plants cultivated in Europe, so that it has been known for

over 130 years to botanists.

The species appears to be confined to the Clanwilliam,

Calvinia and van Rhynsdorp Districts of the Cape Province,

and as far as our records go does not appear to have been

frequently collected.

We are indebted to Mrs. E. Rood of van Rhynsdorp for the

specimens from which our Plate was prepared.

Description : — Bulb 1*5 cm. in diameter at the base,

ovoid, white. Produced leaves 1 or 2, as long or slightly

longer than the naked portion of the peduncle, with the free

portion 1-8 to 2*2 cm. broad, elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong,

obtuse, with dark brown blotches on a dark green background,

sometimes the spots absent, convolute and clasping the

peduncle for the greater portion of its length. Peduncle with

maroon-coloured spots on a yellowish background ; in

concolorus leaves peduncle almost uniformly coloured.

Inflorescence 6 — 7-flowered. Bracts forming small pockets

from which the flowers arise. Pedicels 3 mm. long. Outer

perianth-segments 0*5 cm. shorter than the inner, slightly

gibbous at the base, thickly speckled with red spots on a

yellowish background ; inner perianth-segments oblong,

obtuse. Stigma capitulate. (National Herb., Pretoria, No.

2901.)

Plate 184. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of a flower; Fig. 2,

single flower ; Fig. 3, anthers ; Fig. 4, pistil.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

185.

P Badenhorst del

Plate 185.

PROTEA Mundii.

Cape Province.

Pkoteaceae. Tribe Proteae.

Protea, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 169.

Protea Mundii, Klotz in Otto and Dietr. Garten-Zeit. 1838, 113; FI. Cap.

vol. v. sect. i. p. 579.

The species of Protea figured on the accompanying Plate

represents a member of the section Exertae of the genus.

This section comprises four species which may be readily

recognised by the fact that in the mature head the perianth

is spirally coiled in the open flowers, leaving the style exserted.

Protea Mundii is closely related to another species found in

the same localities, viz. P. lacticolor, Salisb., and the two

were confused by E. Meyer, who named them both P. peni-

cillata. As will be seen from the illustration, the stigma is

very distinctly capitate at the apex, and as this character is

unique in the genus the species can be easily recognised.

The plant is found in the mountains round Worcester,

extends into the George, Knysna and Humansdorp Districts,

and then passes through Uitenhage and Stutterheim into

the Transkei.

The specimens were collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans,

C.M.G., in the George District in July 1925.

Description : — Branches tomentellous to tomentose

above. Leaves 4 to 11 cm. long, 1-2 to 3*2 cm. broad, lance-

olate or lanceolate-elliptic, subobtuse, narrowing at the base,

distinctly veined, glabrous or the youngest leaves sometimes

loosely pilose. Head sessile, 7 to 8 cm. long, about 5 cm. in

diam. Involucral-bracts 11 — 12-seriate; outer ovate, obtuse,

silky on the back, green, ciliate; inner oblong or spathulate-

oblong, whitish pubescent to tomentose, fringed with white

cilia, shorter than the styles; perianth-sheath 4 cm. long,

slender and thin above the middle, gradually dilated and

5-nerved below, not keeled, the upper half at length coiled up,

loosely hairy; lip 1-5 cm. long, tridentate, glabrous, with a

dense tuft of hairs at the apex ; lateral teeth 2 mm. long ;

median tooth 1*5 mm. long; stamens all fertile; filaments

1 mm. long, channelled down the middle; anthers linear,

6 mm. long ; apical glands 0-5 mm. long, ovate, subacuminate,

subacute, keeled on the inner face ; ovary covered with a tuft

of long brown hairs ; style 5 cm. long, almost straight, keeled

on one side, compressed above the ovary, then more or less

terete, glabrous; stigma 6 mm. long, furrowed, subcapitate

at the apex, abruptly and obliquely passing into the much

stouter style. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2918.)

Plate 185. — Fig. 1, single flower; Fig. 2, receptacle.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

786.

Plate 186.

STRELITZIA Reginae.

Cape Province.

Scitamineae. Tribe Museae.

Strelitzia, Ait. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 656.

Strelitzia Reginae, Banks in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, i. 285, t. 2 ; FI. Cap.

vol. v. sect. iii. p. 316.

In 1792 this plant was figured in the Botanical Magazine

(Plate 119), but had previously been figured by Sir Joseph

Banks. Strelitzia Reginae , which was introduced into the

Royal Gardens at Kew in 1773, excited a considerable amount

of interest when it flowered. In the number of the Botanical

Magazine quoted above a double Plate was devoted to the

illustration of the flowers so as to give “ readers an opportunity

of seeing a coloured representation of one of the most scarce

and magnificent plants introduced into this country.” That

the plant is a particularly handsome one there can be no doubt

and it has been appropriately named the “ Bird-of -paradise

flower ” ; the Afrikaans name is “ Gele piesang.” The

species is native of the south-eastern and eastern districts of

the Cape Province.

The specimen illustrated on the accompanying Plate was

grown at the Division of Botany, Pretoria.

The following description is taken mainly from the Flora

Capensis.

Description : — Stemless ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute,

cuneate at the base, up to 0-5 m. long and 10 cm. wide, entire,

undulate, especially in the lower part, quite glabrous, bright

green above, glaucescent beneath; petiole up to T25 m. long;

peduncle as long as the petiole. Bracts tubular, oblique and

acute at the mouth, uppermost one cymbiform, acuminate,

up to 20 cm. long, green, edged with purple. Sepals lanceolate,

7 to 10 cm. long, orange-yellow. Petals dark blue, blade of

the lower two 5 cm. long, with a rounded basal auricle ; claw

2*5 cm. long; upper petal ovate, 2*5 cm. long. Stamens

reaching to the top of the longer petals; anthers narrowly

linear, twice as long as the filaments; style exserted, with

3 linear branches 2-5 cm. long. Fruit a capsule; seeds

covered with reddish woolly hairs. (National Herb., Pretoria,

No. 2915.)

Plate 186. — Fig. 1,' plantjnuch reduced ; Fig. 2, median longitudinal

section of a flower.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

P. Badenborst del.

Plate 187.

ALOE ARBORESCENS Var. FRUTESCENS.

Transvaal.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe, Linn.) Benth. et Hoolc. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe arborescens, Miller, Gard. Chron. ed. viii. No. 3 ; var. frutescens,

Bkr. FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 322.

This Aloe, is widely distributed along the eastern mountain

range and is known to extend northwards as far as the

Victoria Falls. The many stems which grow together give

the plant a bush-like appearance which makes a very effective

display in a large rockery, and it has the advantage over

many other species of the genus in that the inflorescence is

not nipped by a severe frost. The species also lends itself

admirably to growing on rough stone pillars forming an

entrance to a drive.

Our specimen was collected on the hills near Haenertsburg

on the Drakensbergen in June 1914, and cultivated at the

Division of Botany, Pretoria.

Description : — An arborescent branched shrub. Leaves

up to 0-5 m. long, about 4 cm. broad at the base, gradually

tapering to the apex, almost flat on the upper surface, convex

on the lower surface, with ovate somewhat incurved teeth

1 cm. apart below, about 1-3 cm. apart above, glabrous.

Inflorescence solitary or 2 — 3 from each rosette of leaves,

unbranched. Peduncle 7 mm. in diameter, cylindric with

scattered membranous bracts. Floral-bracts membranous,

T3 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, oblong, with straight margins,

distinctly veined. Pedicels 2 cm. long, elongating in the old

flowers. Raceme dense, up to 22 cm. long. Young flowers

erect-spreading, cylindric, with a subacute apex; old flowers

pendulous. Perianth (in open flowers) 3*2 cm. long; outer

segments reddish, 5 mm. broad, obtuse ; inner segments

white, 9 mm. broad, with a distinct mid-rib, reddish below,

greenish above, obtuse. Stamens projecting. Ovary 8 mm.

long, cylindric ; style 3-2 cm. long, cylindric ; stigma minute.

(National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2904.)

Plate 187. — Fig. 1, young and adult flowers ; Fig. 2, median longitudinal

section of a flower ; Fig. 3, pistil ; Fig. 4, bract.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

P. JBadenhorst del.

Plate 188.

DERMATOBOTRYS Saundersii.

Cape Province , Natal.

SCROPHTTLARIACE AE .

Dermatobotrys, Bolus in Hook. Ic. PL 1940.

Dermatobotrys Saundersii, Bolus in Hook. Ic. PI. 1940 ; FI. Cap. vol. iv.

sect. ii. p. 206.

This interesting member of the Scrophulariaceae is peculiar

in that it grows as an epiphyte on other trees. Miss Pegler

records it from the Kentani District as growing on the Cape

Chestnut ( Calodendron capense). It ranges from Kentani to

Zululand. It differs also from most members of the family

in having 5 well-developed stamens, and for this reason was

first referred to the family Solanaceae, but the straight or

almost straight embryo indicates an affinity with the family

Scrophulariaceae.

Mr. Saunders, who first collected the plant, described it

k as a parasite which killed the host on which it grew, but the

late Dr. Medley Wood states that the plant has a tendency

to fix itself to trees already dead.

We are indebted to Mr. K. B. Jameson, Scottsville,

Maritzburg, for the specimen from which our illustration was

prepared.

Description : — A glabrous epiphytic shrub ; root-stock

1-25 m. high, about 1 cm. thick but increasing towards the

top to 5 cm., furrowed transversely as in a Dahlia root;

rootlets fibrous; stems more or less quadrangular; ultimate

branchlets 1*5 to 3 mm. thick. Leaves opposite, decussate,

ovate or elliptical, acute or broadly pointed at the apex, more

or less narrowed at the entire base, strongly toothed or

repand-dentate, fleshy, red-veined, turning black-green in

the dried state, 5 to 15 cm. long, 2-5 to 9 cm. broad; petioles

1 to 5 cm. long. Flowers clustered at the nodes on the

branchlets, usually three together, bracteate at the base.

about 4 cm. long; peduncles 1 to 3 mm. long, spreading;

bract elliptic-linear, acute at both ends, about 2 cm. long,

5 mm. broad; calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, glabrous,

3 to 5 mm. long. Corolla red ; tube beset inside towards the

base with stiff broad white hairs; lobes about 5 mm. long;

anthers glabrous ; style glabrous, slender, tapering towards the

stigma. Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous; ripe berry ovoid,

blunt, smooth, about 2 cm. long, 1-8 cm. broad, green;

embryo about ^ to § of the seed in length. (National Herb.,

Pretoria, No. 2917.)

Plate 188. — Fig. 1, single flower; Fig. 2, median longitudinal section of

flower ; Fig. 3, pistil.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

189.

4

P. Badenhorst del

Plate 189.

CRASSULA LATICEPHALA.

Cape Province.

Crassulaceae.

Crassula, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 657.

Crassula laticephala, Schonl. in Bee. Albany Mus. vol. ii. p. 457.

The dwarf Crassula figured on the accompanying Plate

was described by Dr. S. Schonland in 1913 from a specimen

collected in the Riversdale District by Mr. J. E. A. Volschenk.

The species is closely allied to C. congesta, N.E.Br., which we

figured on Plate 115, and Dr. Schonland suggests that when

more material is available it might be considered a variety of

the latter species.

Crassula laticephala is confined, so far as we know, to the

Riversdale District, and there only found in the Klein Karroo.

We are indebted to Dr. J. Muir of Riversdale for the specimen

figured.

Description : — A dwarf succulent 4*5 cm. high. Leaves

fleshy, 4-ranked, strongly reflexed, 3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad at

the base, ovate, acuminate, obtuse, flat above with a distinct

keel, somewhat convex beneath, scurfy. Flowers in heads 2*5

to 3 cm. in diameter surrounded by floral-leaves. Floral-leaves

1-2 cm. long, 1-5 cm. broad at the base, ovate, suddenly con-

tracted into a fleshy cylindric appendage. Receptacle convex.

Floral-bracts 4-5 mm. long, linear, ciliated. Caylx-lobes 3 mm.

long, linear, cucullate at the apex, ciliate. Petals 5-5 mm. long,

linear, slightly broadened below, concave. Filaments 1 mm.

long, slender ; anthers 1-25 mm. long, oblong. Carpels 2 mm.

long. Hypogynous scales transversely oblong, on distinct

stalks. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2936.)

Plate 189. — Fig. 1, flower-bud; Fig. 2, petal with 2 stamens; Fig. 3,

carpels; Fig. 4, longitudinal section of head showing convex receptacle;

Fig. 5, cross-section through leaf ; Fig. 6, leaf.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

/SO

PBaderLhorst del

Plate 190.

HAEMANTHUS albiflos.

Ca'pe Province.

Amaryllidaceae. Tribe Amarylleae.

Haemanthus, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 730.

Haemanthus albiflos, Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. i. 31, t. 59; FI. Cap. vol vi

p. 235.

This species of Haemanthus was known to European

horticulturists almost 150 years ago and was first shown in

colour by Jacquin in 1797. In the Botanical Magazine it was

again figured in 1810 (Plate 1239) from plants which flowered

in the greenhouse of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy of Hammer-

smith. The plant has been recorded from the Uitenhage,

Graaf Reinet and Somerset East Divisions of the Cape

Province, but does not appear to have been extensively

collected. In general habit H. albiflos resembles H. natalensis

figured in Plate 32, but the leaves are thicker and more

fleshy.

The species responds well to proper cultivation and has

been successfully grown at the Division of Botany, Pretoria.

It was from plants grown at Pretoria that our Plate was

prepared.

Description : — Bulb tunicated, 4*5 cm. in diameter;

tunics fleshy, white becoming green. Leaves 4, contemporary

with the flowers, 42 to 46 cm. long, 10 cm. broad at the widest

part, tongue-shaped, obtuse, narrowed to the base, with

ciliated margins, dark green on the upper surface, paler on

the lower surface. Peduncle 16 cm. long, 1*3 cm. in diameter,

erect, compressed, glabrous. Inflorescence a dense umbel,

2’5 cm. in diameter. Involucral-bracts 5, ascending, white

with 6 to 9 distinct green nerves, short mucronate, ciliated

with reflexed hairs. Pedicels 4 to 5 mm. long, glabrous.

Flowers white. Perianth-tube subcylindric, glabrous ; seg-

ments 1-7 cm. long, linear, obtuse. Stamens 6; filaments

subulate ; anthers versatile. Ovary globose, 3 mm. in

diameter ; style subulate ; stigma minutely tricuspidate.

(National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2933.)

Plate 190. — Fig. 1, whole plant, much reduced; Fig. 2, single flower;

Fig. 3, involucral bract.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

19J.

P.Badenhorst del

Plate 191.

CEROPEGIA Haygarthii.

Natal, Cape Province .

Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Ceropegieae.

Ceropegia, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 779.

Ceropegia Haygarthii, Schltr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. xxxviii. 46, fig. 7 a ;

FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. i. p. 813.

This beautiful species of Ceropegia is almost unique in the

genus on account of the peculiar formation of the corolla-

lobes. The illustration should be compared with those given

on Plates 39, 44 and 143, and the striking differences will

then be seen. It is closely related to C. tristis, Hutch, described

on Plate 44, but the corolla-lobes are produced into a much

longer cylindric portion and the calyx-lobes are longer.

The specimen from which our illustration was made

flowered in the greenhouse at the Division of Botany in July

1925, and like the other species of the genus always attracts

attention owing to the peculiar shape of the flowers.

Description : — Stem climbing, fleshy, 3 to 4 mm. thick,

glabrous. Leaves small, fleshy, flat, 0*6 to 3*5 cm. long,

0*3 to 2-5 cm. broad, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate.

Cymes 1-2-flowered, lateral at the nodes. Peduncles 2

to 4 cm. long, glabrous. Bracts 2 to 4 mm. long, subu-

late. Pedicels 1 to 1*4 cm. long, glabrous. Sepals 1 cm.

(0-5 cm., Schlechter ) long, subulate, glabrous. Corolla abruptly

bent at a right angle near the base. Tube (following the

bend) about 3-5 cm. long, according to a drawing, or about

2-5 cm. long in dried flowers, globosely inflated at the base,

cylindric above, enlarging (according to a drawing) to about

2 cm. in diam. at the mouth, pinkish- white or greenish tinted,

spotted with violet, glabrous outside, pilose with very fine

long hairs within. Lobes free at the base, abruptly indexed

over the mouth of the tube and produced beneath into broad

triangular partition-like green plates or keels, meeting at the

centre and connate into a slender erect column 1 to 1*4 cm.

long, then again becoming free and expanding into elliptic-

lanceolate replicate segments connate at the tips, forming a

small apical ellipsoid cage-like body 5 to 6 mm. long, ciliate

on the margins, dull purple or purple-brown. Corona in the

flowers seen much eaten by insects, but apparently the outer

corona is cupular, with 5 acutely bifid lobes rising to the level

of the top of the staminal column, ciliate and hairy within

with long fine hairs. Inner corona-lobes 2 mm. long, linear

or linear-spathulate, connivent-erect over the staminal column,

with very revolute tips. (FI. Cap. — National Herb., Pretoria,

No. 2932.)

Plate 191. — Fig. 1, calyx; Fig. 2, ground plan of corolla from above;

Fig. 3, terminal portion of corolla lobes ; Fig. 4, corona.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

792

P. Badenhorst del.

Plate 192.

PROTEA Harmeri.

Cape Province.

Proteaceae. Tribe Proteae.

Protea, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 169.

Protea Harmeri, Phillips in Kew Bulletin 1911, p. 83; FI. Cap. vol. v.

sect. i. p. 593.

A comparison of the accompanying Plate should be made

with the illustration on Plate 108. Both the species figured

belong to the same section of the genus Protea, all charac-

terised by very narrow leaves.

Protea Harmeri was first found by Dr. (now Sir Sydney)

Harmer on a hill near Matjesfontein when he visited South

Africa in 1905; it was subsequently collected by Dr. R.

Marloth on the Wittebergen and again later in the Zwartberg

Pass between Oudtshoorn and Prince Albert. The specimen

figured was collected near the summit of the Zwartberg Pass

in July 1925. The plant is a bush about 6 ft. high and is

extremely handsome, as the dark heads show up in strong

relief from the greyish-green leaves.

Description : — A bush about 1 m. high. Branches greyish

tomentellous above, becoming glabrous. Leaves 4*5 to 6-5 cm.

long, 2*5 to 3*5 mm. broad, linear, obtuse to subacute with a

callous point attenuated at the base, margins recurved ;

youngest leaves finely villous at the base. Head sessile,

2*5 cm. long, about 2-5 cm. in diam., globose; receptacle

convex. Involucral-bracts 10-11 -seriate; outer ovate, obtuse,

glabrous or the lowest very finely pubescent, with membranous

ciliate margins; inner oblong-spathulate, obtuse, brick-red,

recurved above, glabrous or minutely pubescent, not equalling

the styles. Perianth-sheath 1*5 cm. long, 0*75 mm. broad,

dilated above, 3-keeled and 3-nerved below, glabrous or hirsute

at the apex; lip 4 mm. long, 3-toothed, rufously setulose,

glabrescent on the back; teeth subequal, 025 mm. long, the

middle one smaller. Stamens all fertile, subsessile; anthers

linear, 3 mm. long; apical glands 0-25 mm. long, ovate,

obtuse, swollen on the inner face. Ovary 2 mm. long, oblong-

obovate in outline, covered with long brown hairs; hypo-

gynous scales 1 mm. long, 0-25 to 0-5 mm. broad, oblong,

obtuse; style 2 cm. long, falcate, arching over the centre of

the head, terete above, flattened and hollow below, glabrous;

stigma 2-25 mm. long, linear, obtuse, grooved, passing into

the style. (FI. Cap. — National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2916.)

Plate 192. — Fig. 1, single flower; Fig. 2, posterior

Fig. 3, pistil ; Fig. 4, receptacle.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

perianth lobe ;

793.

K .A. Lana dell del.

Plate 193.

SUTHERLANDIA frutescens.

Cape Province, Orange Free State, Natal, Transvaal.

Leguminosae. Tribe Gaxegeae.

Sutherlandia, R.Br. ; Benth. et Rook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 503.

Sutherlandia frutescens, R.Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, p. 327 ; FI. Cap. vol. ii.

p. 212.

This plant was named by the great English botanist in

honour of James Sutherland, one of the earliest superinten-

dents of the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens. The genus has

only one species, which is widely distributed throughout South

Africa, and is probably the most handsome native plant in

the family Leguminosae. According to the Botanical Magazine,

in which the plant was figured (Plate 181), Sutherlandia

frutescens was known in cultivation as early as 1683, and

later became generally known in European gardens.

Sutherlandia frutescens forms a small bush, but may grow

to 3-4 ft. high, and is found usually in fairly dry places. It

is known under several local names, but probably the most

common is “ Kanker bos ” (cancer-bush), as it is reputed to

be a cure for cancer.

As the plant is easily raised from seed, and the flowers

are particularly beautiful, it should be more generally culti-

vated.

We are indebted to Mr. C. A. Smith, B.Sc., for the speci-

mens which he collected at Eauresmith in the Orange Free

State.

Description : — A shrub. Branches pubescent, at length

becoming glabrous. Leaves 6 to 9 cm. long, imparipinnate ;

leaflets alternate or opposite, 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm.

broad, lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, thinly pubescent. Inflo-

rescence an axillary raceme, peduncle and pedicels covered

with short stiff sparse hairs. Floral-bracts 3 mm. long, oblong.

Pedicels 1-2 cm. long. Calyx-tube 1 cm. long, deeply cam-

panulate; lobes 4*5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate. Vexillum

3 cm. long, 1*2 cm. broad, obovate, acuminate; alae 8 mm.

long, 1*5 mm. broad, oblong, obliquely clawed; keel 3*5 cm.

long, 8 mm. broad, more or less oblong, with a linear claw

1*2 cm. long. diadelphous ; filaments filiform. Ovary

stalked, 1*5 cm. long, linear, with many ovules; style 1-5 cm.

long, bearded on the inner face. Pod membranous, inflated.

(National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2943.)

Plate 193. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

7&A

K.AXausde!) del

Plate 194.

ORNITHOGALUM odoratissimum.

Cape Province.

Liliaceae. Tribe Scilleae.

Ornithogalum, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 815.

Ornithogalum. odoratissimum C. A. Smith, sp. nov. Bulbus ovoideo-

globosus, 2 cm. diam., tunicis brunneis membranaceis. Folia 2-6, 6-10

cm. longa, anguste linearia, basi leviter dilatata, glabra. Pedunculu-s

ad 14 cm. longus, cylindricus, glaber. Inflorescentia ad 6 cm. longa,

pauci-vel multiflora. Bracteae 1-1-8 cm. longae, ovato-acuminatae,

membranaceae. Pedicelli 0-5-1 cm. longi, teretes. Segmenta perianthii

1-5 cm. longa, oblonga, apice inflexa pubescentia obtusa. Filamenta

0-5-1 cm. longa, basi 2 mm. lata ; antherae oblongae. Ovarium 5 mm.

longum, sessile. Stylus 1-5 cm. longus, teres, apice minute capitatus,

penicillatus. Fructus trigonus.

This Plate should be compared with that of 0. Roodeae

figured on Plate 75, as the two species are no doubt closely-

related though differing much in the colour of the flowers

and the shape of the leaves. Like 0. Roodeae the flowers are

very sweet-scented, a character not usually met with in the

genus, and a single inflorescence is sufficient to saturate a

large room with a pleasant scent, and even when planted out

in the garden the strong perfume is noticeable for a con-

siderable distance from the plant. The plant has been com-

pared with Jacquin’s figure of O. suaveolens, from which it

differs in being much smaller, and as it has been figured it

was thought better to describe it than to definitely state that

it is O. suaveolens.

We are indebted to Mrs. E. Rood of van Rhynsdorp for

the specimens.

Description : — A simple erect herb. Bulb 2 cm. in

diameter, 2*5 cm. high, ovoid, with brown tunics. Leaves

2 to 6, 6 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. broad at the base, linear

to linear-lanceolate, deeply channelled, glabrous. Peduncle

up to 14 cm. long, terete, glabrous. Raceme few to many-

flowered, up to 6 cm. long. Bracts 1 to 1-8 cm. long, ovate-

acuminate, membranous, dry, partly sheathing the pedicels.

Pedicels 0-5 to 1 cm. long, cylindric, erect-spreading. Perianth-

segments 1*5 cm. long, oblong, inflexed obtuse and pubescent

at the apex, white with a broad green 3-nerved band. Stamens

slightly shorter than the perianth-segments ; filaments 2 mm.

broad at the base; anthers 2 mm. long, oblong, versatile.

Ovary 5 mm. long, sessile; style subequalling the perianth-

segments, sub-capitate and penicillate at the apex. Fruit

(immature) deeply and bluntly 3-lobed. (National Herb.,

Pretoria, No. 2941.)

Plate 194. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2,

cross-section of ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

79S.

K.A.Lansdell del.

Plate 195.

ATHRIXIA ELATA.

Basutoland, Cape Province, Natal, O.F.S., Transvaal.

Compositae. Tribe Inuloideae.

Athrixia, Ker.; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 328.

Athrixia elata, Sond. in Linn. vol. xxiii. p. 67 ; FI. Cap. vol. iii. p. 292.

The plant figured on the accompanying Plate is a much-

branched shrub almost 1 m. high, and may be found in

flower on the hills surrounding Pretoria during the month of

August. It grows in masses in certain localities and flowers

very profusely; if brought under cultivation it could no

doubt be much improved so as to make it a desirable garden

plant.

Athrixia elata is found on the Drakensberg in Natal, in

Basutoland, the eastern Free State and on the spurs of the

Drakensberg in the northern Transvaal, but extends west-

wards in the Transvaal as far as Rustenburg. The travellers

Burke and Zeyher collected specimens almost 100 years ago

on the Magaliesberg, and Cooper also came across the plant

in his journey through Basutoland in 1861.

We are indebted to Mr. C. A. Smith, B.Sc., for the speci-

mens from which our Plate was prepared.

Description ; — A much-branched shrub. Leaves alter-

nate, sessile, 0-5 to 2*5 cm. long, linear, acute, pungent, with

revolute margins, glabrous above, woolly beneath. Heads

subsessile, solitary, terminal, 2-5 to 3 cm. in diameter (including

the rays). Involucral-bracts in many rows, unequal ; the outer

gradually shorter, recurved, aristate, 3 to 4 mm. long, 1 mm.

broad, narrowly ovate with the apices edged with brown to

black, woolly; inner 5 to 6 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, linear-

oblong; innermost 7 to 8-5 mm. long, 0-5 to 1 mm. broad,

narrow-linear to oblong-elliptic, with membranous margins.

Receptacle flat, nude, honeycombed with the margins of the

cells evident. Ray-florets female; tube 4 to 5 mm. long,

cylindric, widening above, glabrous; lamina oblong-elliptic.

Ovary terete, pilose; style cylindric, glabrous, deeply 2-cleft.

Disc-florets hermaphrodite, fertile. Corolla 6 mm. long,

tubular, cylindric below, then articulated and the uppermost

one-third slightly wider, glabrous. Anthers tailed at the base,

with an ovate obtuse apical appendage. Ovary pilose; style

cylindric, glabrous, deeply 2-cleft ; branches 1 mm. long,

linear, truncate, penicillate. Pappus-bristles equalling the

corolla-tube, rigid, persistent, subplumose in the uppermost

one-third, alternating with minute serrulate scales. (National

Herb., Pretoria, 2942.)

Plate 195. — Fig. 1, diagrammatic longitudinal section of head; Fig. 2,

ray-floret; Fig. 3, disc-floret; Fig. 4, involucral-bract ; Fig. 5, pappus

enlarged; Fig. 6, pappus-bristle; Fig. 7, fimbriated pappus-scale.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

196.

K. A Lansdell del.

Plate 196.

SUTERA Burkeana.

Transvaal , Zululand.

ScrophpTiAriaceae. Tribe Manuleae.

Sutera, Roth, (including Lyperia, Benth.); Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant.

vol. ii. p. 945.

Sutera Burkeana, Hiern. FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. ii. p. 299.

The Sutera Burkeana here figured for the first time is a

common plant in some localities around Pretoria and is to be

found in flower from the beginning of August onwards. It is

a bush up to ft. high and appears to be very localised in

its distribution, as only isolated patches are met with on the

hills surrounding Pretoria. It has also been recorded from

the neighbourhood of Johannesburg and from Zululand.

The plant flowers profusely, and when in full bloom makes

a fine display and would no doubt be improved under proper

cultivation.

Our Plate was prepared from specimens collected by

Mr. C. A. Smith near Pretoria.

Description : — A much-branched shrub -3 to 1*3 m. high.

Branches glandular-puberulous. Leaves fascicled recurved 3

to 8 mm. long, linear to oblong, cuneate at the base, acute,

toothed, punctate. Flowers arranged racemosely at the ends

of the branches. Pedicels 7 mm. long, terete, rigid, viscid-

puberulous. Calyx 3 to 4 mm. long, deeply 5-lobed; lobes

lanceolate-linear or oblong-lanceolate, acute, glandular-hairy.

Corolla-tube cylindric, somewhat swollen and twice curved

above, glandular-hairy without, softly hairy in the throat;

lobes broadly obovate, obtuse, entire, often curled or recurved,

glandular-hairy outside. Stamens 4, hardly exserted; fila-

ments filiform, inserted on the corolla-tube. Anthers I-thecous,

all perfect. Ovary 2-chambered with numerous ovules ; style

subulate, included; stigma obtuse. Fruit a capsule; valves

cleft at the apex. Seeds numerous, regose. (National Herb.,

Pretoria, No. 2937.)

Plate 196. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, pistil; Fig. 3,

cross-section of ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

797.

K A.LansdeJl del.

Plate 197.

EUPHORBIA TRIDENTATA.

Cape Province.

Euphorbiaceae. Tribe Euphorbieae.

Euphorbia, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 258.

Euphorbia tridentata, Lam. Encycl. ii. 416 ; FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. ii. p. 298.

The species of Euphorbia figured on the accompanying

Plate is a somewhat rare plant and until quite recently it

was not known where the plant was found, although it was

known in European gardens and figured almost 100 years

ago. The plant belongs to a small group of three species in

the genus characterised by having the branches constricted

at their origin of growth. All of them are very dwarf plants.

We are indebted to Mr. H. M. Bartlett of Riversdale for

the specimens which he sent in July 1924, and these were

successfully grown at the Division of Botany, Pretoria, and

flowered in September 1925.

Description Plant dwarf, succulent, spineless, branch-

ing from the base. Branches ascending or somewhat spread-

ing, 2-5 to 15 cm. long, 1 to T4 cm. thick, cylindric or slightly

tapering upwards, tessellately tuberculate with hexagonal

flattish tubercles 6 to 10 mm. in diam., having a slightly

prominent whitish leaf-scar, glabrous, dull green. Leaves

sessile, soon deciduous, 4 to 6 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. broad,

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute, dark green, with a reddish

minutely toothed margin. Peduncles 3 to 4 at the ends of

the branches, about 4 mm. long, bearing a pair of ovate or

elliptic bracts and 1 involucre, glabrous. Involucre about

1*3 to 1*8 cm. in diam., cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands

and 5 transversely oblong, toothed and ciliate, indexed,

purplish lobes. Glands subcontiguous, about 5 mm. in diam.

across the tips, very concave at the basal part, divided into

3 to 4 spreading finger-like corrugated white processes 2 to

3 mm. long. Ovary pedicellate, scarcely exserted, with styles

7 mm. long, united for two-thirds of their length, with entire

spreading tips. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2989.)

Plate 197. — Fig. 1, inflorescence; Fig. 2, gland with lobes.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

798.

K A.Lansdell del.

Plate 198.

VENIDIUM Wyleyi.

Little Namaqualand.

Com^ositae. Tribe Arctotideae.

Venidium, T<ess. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 459.

Venidmm Wyleyi, Harv. FI. Cap. vol. iii. p. 463.

This Plate, and that on Plate 117, should be compared

with Arctotis Fosteri which we figured on Plate 3, when the

difference between the genera Venidium and Arctotis will be

seen. In the former genus the fruits are without a pappus

or with a very rudimentary one, while in the latter genus a

well-developed pappus is always present.

The plant is commonly known as the “ Namaqua Daisy,”

and in its native home the flower-heads attain a very large

size when the season is favourable, but may be quite small

when no rain has fallen. Venidium Wyleyi does quite well

under cultivation, and is easily grown and forms a very

effective border.

We are indebted to Mr. L. R. Vogt of Waterkloof near

Pretoria for the specimens, which were grown in his garden.

Description : — An erect herb. Stems terete, hollow,

striate, pilose-hoary, laxly leafy. Cauline leaves 1*2 to 15 cm.

long, sessile; the lower lyrato-pinnatifid, amply auricled,

amplexicaul, on both sides cobwebby-tomentose ; the upper

broadly ovate, closely crowded in the young stems, cobwebby-

tomentose, obtuse, with the margins entire or remotely 1 to

2 toothed. Heads peduncled, terminal, very large and showy,

8 cm. in diam. (including the rays), the buds very hoary.

Involucral bracts imbricate, in several rows ; the outer narrower,

refiexed, herbaceous, green ; the innermost row much longer,

broadly scariose, spreading below the rays; the whole invo-

lucre densely cobwebby. Receptacle 1-8 cm. in diam., convex,

deeply honeycombed, with the margins of the cells produced

into a few bristles. Bay-florets female, 1 -seriate, alternate

rays spreading, others at first ascending, then spreading,

giving an appearance of two rows. Corolla ligulate; lamina

bright orange coloured, oblong-cuneate, very faintly 3-toothed

at apex, of lower whorl smaller (2-5 cm. long) and with a

smaller brow-black blotch at the base than that of upper

whorl (3 cm. long) ; tube 3 mm. long, broader at base than

at the top, subglabrous. Ovary obovate in outline, muricated,

glabrous; style 4 mm. long, cylindric, glabrous; stigmatic

portion wider, with the branches 0-5 mm. long, linear, flat,

spreading. Disc-florets hermaphrodite, fertile, numerous,

crowded on the head. Corolla 4 mm. long, subcylindric,

5-cleft at the apex for about a quarter the length of the tube,

with 5 longitudinal rows of glandular hairs; lobes blackish,

1 mm. long, linear, subacute, with the angles between the

lobes obtuse. Anthers purplish, black, 2 mm. long, obtuse,

with a small suborbicular apical appendage ; filaments 1-5 mm.

long, linear, flat, at length filiform, inserted on lower half of

corolla tube. Ovary obovate in outline, white, muricated,

glabrous; style 5-5 mm. long, at first narrowly cylindric,

then in upper half abruptly widening into a yellow stigmatic

portion, 2 mm. long, slightly cleft at the apex, becoming

much exserted. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2944.)

Plate 198. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of receptacle; Fig. 2, ray-

floret; Fig. 3, disc-floret; Fig. 4, inner involucral-bract ; Fig. 5, outer

involucral- bract ; Fig. 6, achene.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

199

K.A.Langden del.

Plate 199.

ERICA blenna var. grandiflora.

Cape Province.

Ericaceae. Tribe Ericeae.

Erica, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 590.

Erica blenna, Salisb. var. grandiflora, Bolus. FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. i.

, p. 202.

Through the courtesy of Dr. J. Muir of Riversdale we are

able to figure for the first time a species of heath, and perhaps

one of the most beautiful of all the Cape heaths. The variety

grandiflora is only found as far as we know in the Riversdale

and Bredasdorp Districts and is by no means a common

plant. It is known locally as the “ lantern ” or “ Rivers-

dale ” heath. The species itself, like so many of the South

African species of Erica, was first collected by Masson about

the year 1772, and was successfully cultivated in Europe and

figured on more than one occasion in early botanical literature.

Description : — Erect, 0-3 to 0-5 m. high. Branches stout,

ascending, virgate or flexuous, puberulous or glabrous. Leaves

3-nate, mostly erect and imbricate or subspreading, linear,

subobtuse, flat above, keeled and sulcate beneath, glabrous,

8 to 10 mm. long. Flowers usually solitary, rarely in pairs

(“ here and there sublateral,” Bentham). Pedicels about

8 mm. long; bracts remote, lanceolate, about 6 mm. long;

sepals ovate, acuminate, keel-tipped, thickish, subscarious,

viscid, coloured or greenish, about 5 mm. long. Corolla

conical-ovoid or suburceolate-conical, much contracted to the

mouth but only slightly constricted at the throat, very viscid,

1*6 to 2 cm. long, bright orange-red, the limb and some

distance below it green; segments spreading or erect, about

one-eighth the length of the tube; filaments broad at the

base tapering upwards, bent below the anther ; anthers

included, dorsifixed well above the base, cuneate, subacute,

scaberulous, ciliolate, about 3 mm. long, crested; pore three-

fifths to two-thirds the length of the cell; crests quite free

from the filament, subsemiorbicular in outline, deeply inciso-

lacerate, about half the length of the cell; style included,

straight ; stigma capitellate ; ovary glabrous. (National

Herb., Pretoria, No. 2991.)

Plate 199. — Fig. 1, pedicel showing bracts; Fig. 2, androecium and

gynaecium ; Fig. 3, single stamen ; Fig. 4, pistil ; Fig. 5, anther enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

• *

200.

K.A Lansdell del.

Plate 200.

DIMOBPHOTHECA cuneata.

Cape Province, Natal, Orange Free State.

Compositae. Tribe Calenduleae.

Dimoephotheca, Moench. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 453.

Dimorphotheca cuneata, Less. Syn. 257 ; FI. Caj). vol. iii. p. 422.

We are indebted for tlie specimens, from which the accom-

panying Plate was prepared, to Mr. C. A. Smith, B.Sc., who

collected them in September 1925 on the botanical reserve

near Fauresmith, Orange Free State. According to Mr. Smith

the plants cover the hill-sides and from a distance appear as

large white patches. It flowers very profusely, so much so

that the leaves are almost hidden by the mass of flowers.

The laminae of the ray-florets are white above and copper-

coloured beneath, not yellow as described in the Flora

Capensis.

The specimens collected by Mr. Smith are an exact match

with those collected by Zeyher (No. 2812). Zeyher No. 3066,

quoted by Harvey as D. cuneata, is quite a different plant,

perhaps a Tripteris. We have accepted the specific name

“ cuneata,” as this was the name given by Mr. N. E. Brown

to a specimen collected by Mr. E. E. Galpin. Locally lmown

as “ mak-bietou.”

Description : — A densely and closely branched bushy

shrub up to 1*05 m. high, the older branches naked, rough,

the younger short and closely leafy. Leaves varying in shape

(linear to obovate) and size (0*5 to 1-3 cm. long), always

cuneate at the base, sharply 2 to 4 toothed, obscurely mid-

ribbed, gland-dotted, subdecurrent, glabrous or nearly so.

Peduncles terminal, 2 to 3-5 cm. long, glandular-pubescent,

viscidulous, becoming widened at the top. Involucre uni-

seriate, glaucescent, viscidulous ; scales linear-acuminate,

minutely glandular-puberulous, with pale-edged and ciliate

margins. Receptacle about 3-5 mm. in diam., nude, flat.

Ray-florets female, uniseriate. Corolla ligulate, white above,

yellow to bronze-coppery below; lamina spreading, finely-

three toothed, cuneate at the base; tube of corolla 1*5 mm.

long, terete, glandular-hairy. Ovary triquetrous, green, ob-

conic, somewhat curved, glandular hairy with stalked glands,

with the angular margins bluntly toothed; style 4’5 ram.

long, cylindric, glabrous; branches 2 mm. long, yellow, flat,

subacute. Disc-florets hermaphrodite, fertile. Corolla-tube

yellow, 3 mm. long, subcylindric, with a 5-fid limb, very

densely glandular-hairy at the base, glabrous above. Anthers

3 mm. long, subsagittate at the base, with an ovate obtuse

apical appendage. Ovary very much laterally compressed,

obcordate, glandular, with a wide thick-rimmed entire mar-

ginal wing; style G mm. long, cylindric, glabrous; branches

appearing truncate with a ring of bristles, capped by a short

conical apex. (National Herb., Pretoria, No. 2990.)

Plate 200. — Fig. 1, ray-floret; Fig. 2, ray-achene; Fig. 3, disc-floret;

Fig. 4, disc-achene; Fig. 5, stamen.

F.P.S.A., 1925.

INDEX TO VOLUME V.

PLATE